INTHEFIELD

Winter
2002-2003

The Field Museum's Member Publication

S

.v^

\

Evolution on an
Island Continent

5* . m.

FROMTHE PRESIDENT

A Rather Unusual Business

Field Museum scientists
Margiiret Tliayer and
Jim Loiiderman collect
specimens at the
Calumet BioBlitz.

For most of us, this past year was
shocks that still ripple around the
challenges. Fortunately, The Field
longstanding financial support. In

We are, however, in a rather
unusual business. Take a look at
just a few achievements of this
vast and influential institution
during the past 12 months:

Science

• We broke ground for the
Collections Resource Center,
a new facility for the storage,
research and conservation of
much of our anthropology and
zoology collections.

• We pushed the origin of pri-
mates back 20 million years
to a time when dinosaurs still
roamed the Earth.

• We debuted two dinosaur dis-
coveries, Sinovenator changii
and Liaoceratops yanzigouensis.

• We formally began working with
the World Wildlife Fund and
Bhutanese scientists to save this
environmental jewel nestled in
the Himalayas.

anything but business as usual. The tragedy of Sept. 11 sent after-
world, as individuals and institutions alike are faced with an array of
Museum was able to continue operating successfully, thanks to your
all areas, we strove to make 2002 business as usual.

• We contributed scientific results
and recommendations for a new
reserve in Ecuador, which the
government placed in official
custody of the indigenous Cofan.

• We brought together everyone
from world-class scientists to
curious kids for the Calumet
BioBlitz, a 24-hour plunge to
document plants and animals in
order to build community-based
conservation initiatives.

Exhibitions

• We opened Chocolate to more
than 300,000 visitors so far.
The exhibition will tour to 10
cities, including Los Angeles,
New York and Honolulu.

• We combined our strengths
with the American Museum

of Natural History in New York
to create the gorgeous exhibi-
tion Pearls.

Education and outreach

• We expanded Field
Ambassadors to nearly 190
participants — a diverse, ener-
getic group of educators eager
to bring Field Museum
resources into their classrooms.

• With expeditions to Mexico and
Wyoming, we launched expedi-
tions@fieldmuseum, a program
in which participants receive
reports from our scientists in
the field.

• We partnered with National
Geographic to present, among
others, Zahi Hawass, Egypt's

director of pyramids, and Michael
Fay, who trekked across Africa
on foot.

• We introduced Harlow, an
online catalog that brings
40,000 of our library's books
to the public.

With all these accomplishments,
however, tourism and contribu-
tions are in decline, and admission
revenues, while important, only
cover about 15 percent of the
Museum's needs. We rely on
donors to maintain the ongoing
health of this institution. Without
your vital support, none of this
productive activity would be
possible.

As you plan your year-end contri-
butions, please consider a gift to
The Field Museum. We have
enclosed a gift envelope for your
convenience. We know you care
about what we do, and we need
your continued support to keep
our scientific and educational
initiatives alive. With everyone's
commitment, we will remain one
of the world's great natural his-
tory museums.

John W. McCarter, Jr.
President & CEO

What do you think about Jixthe Fiel

^0'- general membership inquiries, including ac

T'u- ,agazine In the Field, call 312.665.7115, email acranch@fmnh.org, or write Amy E. Cranch,

Editor, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605-2496.

INTHEFIELD

Winter 2002-2003, December- February,
Vol.74, No. 1

Editor:

Amy E. Cranch, The Field Museum

Design:

Depke Design

Copy editor:

Laura F. Nelson

%^ In the Field is printed on recycled paper
using soy-based inks. All images © The
Field Museum unless otherwise specified.

In the Field (ISSN #1051-4546) is published
quarterly by The Field IVluseum. Copyright
2002 The Field IVluseum. Annual subscriptions
are $20; $10 for schools. Museum membership
includes In the Field subscription. Opinions
expressed by authors are their own and do
not necessarily reflect the policy of The Field
Museum. Notification of address change should
include address label and should be sent to
the membership department. POSTMASTER:
Send address changes to Membership, The
Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive,
Chicago, IL 60605-2496. Periodicals postage
paid at Chicago, Illinois.

Cover: See the stuff of legends and celebrate a
nation's spirit in Baseball As America, running
Feb. 8 through July 20, 2003. Photo by Mark
Wldhalm/GN90448.Ad.

The Field IVluseum salutes the people of
Chicago for their long-standing, generous
support of the iVluseum through the
Chicago Park District.

IC

fe

Field

useum

1400 South Lake Shore Drive
Chicago, IL 60605-2496
312.922.9410
www.fieldmuseum.org

Baseball As America delves into this sport's
history, cultural significance and ability to
influence a nation.
Top: American League players at All-Star Game.

4

Despite war and a lack of resources,
Congolese and FM scientists are forging
ahead in biodiversity studies and conservation.
Middle: Muzumani Risasi of CRH-Uvira
identifies ftsh from Lake Kivu.

16

Paleontologist John Flynn spent a year
in the Andes studying mammal diversity
over the past 65 million years.
Bottom: Synthesizing the day's findings at
the campsite.

Conversion conundrum: Nearly all of the
metric-to-English conversions were incorrect
in the September -November article Turning
Points in the Human Experience. The correct
conversions are 230 meters equals 750 feet,
8,000 square meters equals 86,112 square feet
and 650 square kilometers equals 250 square
miles. On page 5, "246,000 square meters"
should have read "246 hectares," which equals
608 acres.

U.S. Postal Service Statement of Ownership, Management and Circulation

1. In the Field

15. Extent and nature of circulation

Average no. copie" en": iv- ;-

No. copies of single issue

2. 898940

during precec'

:::iblished nearest to filing dat

3. Oct. 1, 2002

4. Quarterly

A. Total no. copies

B. Paid and/or requested circulation

56,250

53,000

5. Four

1. Outside-county subscriptions

20,425

21,677

6. $20

2. In-county subscriptions

28,102

26,655

7. Amy E. Cranch, 312.665.7115, The Field
Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Dr., Chicago,
Cook County, !L 60605-2496 (same for nos.
8, 9 and 10)

3. Sales through dealers, carriers, street vendors
counter sales and other non-USPS paid distribution

4. Other classes mailed through USPS
C. Total paid and/or requested circulation

N/A

94

48,621

N/A

85

48,417

11. None

12. Has not changed during preceding 12 months

D. Free distribution by mail

1. Outside-county

2. In-county

1,131
2,183

0

2,170

13. In the Field

3. Other classes mailed through USPS

N/A

N/A

14. Fall 2002 (Sept-Nov)

E. Free distribution outside the mail

3,815

2,000

16. Winter 2003 (Dec-Feb)

F Total free distribution

7,129

4,170

17. I certify that all information furnished

G. Total distribution

55,750

52,587

is true and complete. /s/ Amy E. Cranch,

H. Copies not distributed

500

413

Editor, In the Field

I. Total

56,250

53,000

J. Percent paid and/or requested circulation

87.70

93.10

WINTER 2002-20C

3 December— h'vhniiir)' ^^^H

INTHEFIELDFEATURE

Baseball Exhibition Reflects America's
Triumphs — and Struggles

Tiffany Plate, Writer, Exliilyitioiis

All photos courtesy National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum

Come for Honus Wagner's 1909 card. Come for Babe Ruth's bat. Come for more than
500 baseball artifacts from The National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum in their
first-ever tour of the country. But don't forget about why these things are important.

Members of the
All-American Girls
Professional League
stand at attention
during the National
Anthem.

Baseball As America, running at
The Field Museum from Feb. 8
to July 20, 2003, delves into our
national pastime with a look at
baseball's history, cultural signif-
icance and ability to influence
a nation. The artifacts tell a vital
story, and Chicago, as one of
our country's great sports cities,
understands that best of all.
To some, being a Cubs or
White Sox fan means more
than knowing which players
you like and who has the better
record. It's an identity, a legend,
a business venture . . . the center
of our city's spirit. So how did
it come to be that a group of
players, throwing around a ball
and swinging a bat, signifies so
much to us?

*mf^^El>. POTMURa

Our national spirit

For one thing, baseball is rife
with ritual. We sing Take Me
Out to the Ballgame, wave our
flags and cheer for our heroes.
"Sports events, in cultures old
and new, are highly rituaUzed activities," said Alaka
WaH,John Nuveen curator and director of the
Museum's Center for Cultural Understanding and
Change. "Baseball, because of the pace of the game,
has more room for ritual than most." Its ceremony
is deeply rooted in patriotism, which makes the
fans feel like a team, too.

So eager were Americans to make baseball a
national symibol that they created its founding myth
a century ago. In 1905, sporting goods mogul and
former baseball star A.G. Spalding assembled a spe-
cial commission to investigate its origins. Under
his influence, the Mills Commission, as it was later
known, officially declared — on scant evidence,
and despite apparent contradictions — that Abner
Doubleday invented the game in Cooperstown,
New York, in 1839.

One of the most highly prized baseball
cards, the famous Honus Wagner T206
card of 1 909 sold at an auction two
years ago for nearly $1.3 million.

"The Doubleday story was
part of developing a unique
American identity," said exhibi-
tion content advisor Bill Savage,
who is an English lecturer at
Northwestern University and
has taught classes on baseball
at the Newberry Library.
The game, it seems, actually
spawned from English bat-and-
baU games that have been
played for centuries.

Ideals and injustice

For 150 years we have called
baseball our national pastime.
It has reflected our country's
growth, and its shortcomings.
Following the Civil War, a few
minor league professional teams
kept African-American players
on their rosters until segrega-
tion became national law,
forcing the creation of Negro
leagues. Jackie Robinson, while
not the first African-American
great, was the first African-
American in the modern major
leagues, joining the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1947 —
an important departure from a longstanding
tradition of discrimination. Negro league teams such
as the Pittsburgh Crawfords and the Homestead
Grays quickly became a source of community
pride and a significant African-American owned
industry.

From the pristine fields of Ivy League schools
to the alleyways of Venezuela, baseball can be played
anywhere by anyone. It has transcended boundaries
of race and class, giving rise to further development
in urban centers, and requires only an empty field,
a ball, a bat and a few energetic players. More
recently, professional leagues have developed in
other countries such as Japan, Cuba and Korea,
forcing Americans to resituate their love of the
game in an international arena. We have adopted

IN THE FIELD

the best players from other countries onto our
teams and into our hearts. As long as it's the
same baseball we know and love, it's American.

Yet race and class are not the only factors
shaping the profile of our baseball heroes. Great
women's leagues sprouted during World War II
because of a shortage of male players. Skilled
women stepped in where their male counterparts
left off — only with a few more restrictions on
their performance. Baseball As America includes a
deportment manual from the All-American Girls
Professional Baseball League, laying down the laws
of "ladylike" behavior, on and off the field, that
reminds us just how far we've come in women's
athletics. The exhibition also highlights women's
involvement in major league baseball, including
Helene Britton, who inherited the St. Louis
Cardinals in 191 1, and Joan Payson, founder
of the New York Mets.

A home game: Chicagoans share
a common culture

Even if basebaO isn't one of your interests, you'd be
surprised to find how much it has influenced our
culture. You've probably worn a baseball cap or used
the phrase "in the baOpark" when estimating cost.
In fact, baseball's influence on American vernacular
is overwhelming: Ideas like "covering our bases"
and "home field advantage" are so common that we
don't think about their origins.

It's hard to get around Chicago in the summer
without noticing the scent of hot dogs on Clark
Street, el trains fuU of fans wearing their team's

colors or a fireworks display over Comiskey Park.
As commonplace as it becomes, we stiU feel elec-
tricity in the air from thousands of people excited
to watch their favorite team. Even being near
Wrigley Field or Comiskey Park on non-game days
lends itself to a sense of magic and excitement.

To highlight our hometown heroes, the exhibi-
tion shows olf some of Chicago's greatest players
and moments, including:

• Sammy Sosa's 1998 #62 home run ball

• Ryne Sandberg's glove

• "Shoeless" Joe Jackson's shoes and his famous
Black Betsy bat

• Harry Caray's eyeglasses

• Bricks from old Comiskey Park

• A seat from Wrigley Field

And much more. So come for the priceless
objects. Come to learn about a significant piece
of American history. And come for the excitement
that you're sure to feel in
Baseball As America. As
Comiskey Park hosts the
2003 All-Star Game
and the Cubs and
White Sox are on track
for winning seasons,
the air will certainly
sparkle. ITF

This exhibition was organized by
The National Baseball Hall of
Fame and Museum, Cooperstown,
New York.

The national tour of Baseball
As America is sponsored by
Ernst & Young.

In Our Own Words: What Baseball Means to Us

"Baseball to me is a matter of family history. Lefty Grove, nicknamed for his left-handed pitch, was
my father's cousin once removed. Lefty was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 1947 and was honored
as the greatest left-handed pitcher of all time in 1969. He pitched for the Philadelphia Athletics and
the Boston Red Sox. When my father was 14, he attended a game in Detroit where Lefty was pitching
and invited him home for Sunday dinner. That became a tradition anytime he played in Detroit. My
father recalled that he was "temperamental and a perfectionist," a trait for which Lefty became
known. Jim Kaplan memorialized Lefty and my father in his book Lefty Grove: American Original."
— Lori Grove, Illustrator, Department of Geology

"Baseball is a culture. I love the aura of being at the game and watching them play. The ambience is
wonderful. Sammy is the icon." — Maxine Baratz, Schaumburg

"Baseball means my family more than anything. My grandfather was from the south side and raised
my dad as a Sox fan, who then turned my brother into one. My brother played baseball all his life,
so I spent most of my summers as a kid at his games. I like to watch baseball because it's complex
enough that it's interesting and fun to watch, but not so complicated that you have to watch every
second." —Laura Bork, Chicago

WINTER 2002-2003 December- February

INTHEFIELDFEATURE

Science Survives in Spite of Congo's Conflicts

Amy E. Cranch, Editor

Editor's note: John Bates, who heads the project featured in this article, became chairman of the zoology department
ill October. With the Museum since 1995, Bates studies the evolution and cotisert'ation of tropical birds. He succeeds
RUdiger Bieler, who will return to researching marine snails and bivalves.

Rwandan refugees pouring into the country like salt through fingers ... an ensuing civil
war rife with human rights abuses ... attempts to establish peace hanging in fragile
limbo. While this is what most of us envision in the Democratic Republic of Congo,
abundant beauty and diversity are concealed within its forests. Here, nature can't wait
for humans to sort out their issues, and scientists are speedily trying to discover and
save what's there before human activity takes too great a toll.

Ben Marks (back left)
and Charles Kahindo
(back right) teach partici-
pants about birds
at CRSN-Lu'iro.

Despite severe constraints on activities and almost
no government support — financial, material, regu-
latory or otherwise — Congolese scientists and their
international colleagues forge on. With funding
from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur
Foundation, The Field Museum, the Congolese
Institute for the Conservation of Nature (ICCN)
and two research stations in the eastern Congo —
the Center for Natural Science Research (CRSN-
Lwiro) and the Center for Hydrobiological
Research (CRH-Uvira) — are hoping to reacquaint
researchers and others with this special, yet troubled
part of the world.

The four-year initiative was born when nine
participants in a Field Museum collaborative train-
ing program at Makerere University in Kampala,
Uganda, asked their mentors to consider establish-
ing a similar program in the Congo. It includes
basic training in documenting and monitoring
biodiversity; implementing studies in geographic
variation and genetic diversity among birds and
mammals; and developing educational materials

for local communities, university students and the
station staff.

As part of the program, the Museum hosted three
Congolese this past fall for seven weeks — an ichthy-
ologist fi-om CRH-Uvira and an ethnobotanist and
mammalogist fi-oni CRSN-Lwiro. They trained in
ollections management and collections-based
research to take back home and revitalize their
research stations. They also visited other Chicago-
area institutions and natural areas to learn about
education programs and natural area management.

"An important way the Congolese can conserve
their country is by building up the capacity of the
scientific community," said John Bates, who leads
The Field Museum's team. "A goal is to bring life
to the stations and get them reconnected to the
outside world, especially other scientists. Field
Museum staff and resources are ideally suited to
help with that."

Built during colonial times, the stations have
different but overlapping focuses. CRSN-Lwiro
oversees the entire Albertine Rift region and adja-
cent Congo Basin, while CRH-Uvira is primarily
interested in Lake Tanganyika, one of the world's
richest aquatic ecosystems. ICCN is charged with
protecting parks, including Kahuzi-Biega National
Park, which lies just west of the CRSN-Lwiro
station, and the Itombwe Massif.

These regions harbor high diversity, but how
connected they are to each other and the rest of
the Albertine Rift region is not clearly understood.
The massif, for e.xample, is home to many endemic
species, such as the Congo Bay Owl and Itombwe
Nightjar, yet it is unprotected. And while there has
been extensive research on gorillas and chimps,
little has been studied about the rest of the rift's
diversity, leaving its position as a global priority for
conservation in question. Our project will provide
a more complete picture of the region's genetic
diversity and evolutionary history, boosting our
abiUty to design solid, sustainable conservation plans.

IN THE FIELD

La Verite $ur les eseargots!

Bu« tmt la r«oli»rek« 4»: Dr. Bajopi B>lal(a .

A^|»rene2 sur:

> iJMptrtiBc* itt eiearjotf I

Jilt ■•tra BBviroaHMaat |

* Lat auargatt fraunattaan
dat naladiai

* Let eicarjatj
comettibles

Prajat SUniVCRSII-Mn
Ettrail 4t taebal^H »ifitimt»H\t
■'I. Juin, 2002

PmUU fi it Pn\*i BEATRA, >•• MllibtnllM •■(» li

Cmir* H RMtuKKt •* ScltacM Nifirtllti (CRSN-l»lf*)

•1 Th* FItN Haitan. Chieift. Eltd-Oiit

Museum

Left: Long-tailed
Mountain Cuckoo,
Cerococcyx montanus,
a species endemic to the
Albertine Rift and
Eastern Arc Mountains
of Tanzania.

Right: An educational
booklet in French about
the interactions between
humans and local disease-
carrying snails.

Despite the difEcult years, "The potential for
recovery is phenomenal," said Bates. "Our col-
leagues at the universities and stations just want
to get on with it."

The Congolese scientists themselves are perhaps
the initiative's greatest asset. Their devotion is
impressive, as they have worked years for free and
with little support of any kind. Charles Kahindo, for
example, was a teacher. Speaking no English and
having almost no scientific experience, he joined the
Ugandan program and used that experience to
obtain a master's degree from Makerere University.
Today, with aid from the MacArthur grant, Kahindo
is playing a crucial role in helping the project's
participants navigate the logistical chaOenges of
working in a war-torn country. He's also pursuing
a doctoral degree on the genetic diversity of
Albertine Rift warblers. His reason . . . because
it matters.

Conservation can become void if scientists do
not educate local communities about its relevance
or utilize their strengths to implement plans. Dan
Brinkmeier, of the Museum's Environmental and
Conservation Programs, has worked with the
stations to target schools and community groups
through mass media, materials, presentations and
invitations to visit the stations. They are also
working with university professors to increase
learning opportunities for undergraduate students.
The materials bring the value of science to local
people, covering such topics as why we coUect, how
we can use collections for public education and
how healthy ecosystems can improve life for the
human populations in and around them.

One booklet that Brinkmeier prepared with the
science director from CRSN-Lwiro addresses the
role that snails play in the environment and their
value as a food source. But it also explains how
snails can transmit bilharzia, a disease caused by
parasitic worms that primarily affects the kidney
and liver. Such educational efforts translate into
direct action at the local level and increase the sig-
nificance of the stations among the local people.

Like our Congolese coOeagues, we hold tight
to the hope that peace is imminent. Biodiversity
issues, however, cannot wait for that resolution, so
improving and sustaining science remains steadfast.
"In many ways, we're training them so that they
ultimately don't need us," said Bates. "But the flip
side is that we're all incredible resources to each
other. The potential to create lifelong partnerships
is great." ITF

Visit wuw.fieldmuseum.org/congo for information about
research and training in the eastern DRC.

Bottom left: Large
swamps such as Musisi
are common at high ele-
vations of the Albertine
Rift and harbor a number
of endemic species.

Bottom right: The eastern
Democratic Republic of
Congo

Democratic

, Republic of

C-. Congo

WINTER 2002-2003 December-February

INTHEFIELDFEATURE

Live.. .from National Geographic:
An Interview with Chris Johns

Following last year's success, The Field Museum and National Geographic are once
again presenting Live. ..from National Geographic. (See the calendar for the series' full
schedule.) Below are excerpts from an interview with Chris Johns, the first speaker.
A veteran staff photographer and senior editor of illustrations, Johns has focused his
lens on Africa for more than 13 years. He will be signing his new book. Wild at
Heart: Man and Beast in Southern Africa, on Feb. 18.

UF: Tell us about your upcoming book.

CJ: It's a collaboration with Peter Godwin. Africa
has always been a fascinating, thrilling place to
work. I'm especially intrigued with South Africa.
I felt it was very important, after Nelson Mandela
was elected, to acquaint our readers not just with its
poUtics, but also its physical landscape and progres-
sive pohcies. I did a few stories for the magazine
and then started working on two of my favorite
species — African wild dogs and cheetahs. I thought
there might be a book there, but wasn't sure what
to hang it on themarically. Then Peter and I met
with Mandela, who, in a sense, articulated the book
... balancing the needs of humans and wildlife, and
that if we're going to talk about human rights, we
need to think about how we treat the environment
as well.

UF: How do wild dogs and cheetahs indicate how
humans are treating the ecosystem?

CJ: They both require a large range. As habitats
shrink, ranges shrink, and cheetahs and wild dogs
are dependent upon big ranges for hunting and
escaping from other predators. If there's a drastic
decline in either population, that's teUing us that
they're not getting enough range, that the balance
in the ecosystem is upset.

I^Jf

IN THE FIELD

iArioA

You've also got humans and wildlife colliding.
As more areas are turned into cattle farms, goat
farms, game farms ... a wild dog or cheetah is
going to look at those animals as easy prey. That's
natural, but the farmers might say they've just spent
a great deal of money to breed and sell their game
and the dogs and cheetahs are killing them. What
has started to loom on the horizon are more man-
agement plans about how we coexist with animals
and educate people.

ITF: Working at a natural history museum, I
understand the call for balancing the needs of
humans and wHdhfe. It's my challenge as an editor
to educate people about biodiversity and conserva-
tion and why they should care.

CJ: One of the most important things to realize
is the interconnectedness of us all, and there are
incredibly important parts of this puzzle that we
don't understand yet. One of my dearest friends,
Dr. John McNutt, has been studying wild dogs in
the Okavango Delta for 14 years — widely beheved
to be the world's expert. He's constandy trying to
raise fiinds. It troubles me that there are so many
good, dedicated, passionate people working with
endangered species who have to stru^e so much
to even carry on a study group.

As a society, we have to think about our priori-
ties, w^hat's really important to us. More shopping
centers and sports utility vehicles? I think it would
behoove us Americans to look at other cultures and
ecosystems and then look at our own behavior. It's
all interconnected, a state of mind. And if our state
of mind is consumption, we will pay a price for
that down the toad.

UF: What do you plan to do wath the book?

CJ: Its intention is to celebrate the beauty of South
Africa, its diverse cultures and this deep, long con-
nection human beings have with the wild. That's
why it's called Wild at Heart. Peter and I think that
most people are still basically wild at heart, and
we celebrate that. Our aim is to dispel some myths
about Africa and offer not just problems but rays of
hope in the human-to-animal interface. ITF

YOURGUIDETOTHE FIELD

Calendar of Events for Winter 2002-2003 Decembei--February

Inside: Exhibits Festivals Family Programs Adult Programs

Beyond the
Diamond:
Baseball and
American
Culture

Lecture Series

Explore baseball's history, legends,
science and impact on American
culture through this captivating lecture
series. You can also enjoy this
series as part of a credit
course offered through the
Humanities Laboratory
at the University of
Illinois at Chicago.
The credit course also
includes readings, dis-
cussion sessions and a
writing project.

Lectures will occur at The Field Museum
at 6pm on Tuesdays from
Feb. i 8— April 22, with the exception
of one lecture on Wednesday, Feb. 26, and
one lecture on Tliursday, March 13.

See page 9 inside for more details.

Top:fackie Robinson 's jersey.

Bottom:Tlie most highly prized baseball card in
the world, a T206 Homis Wagner, 1909.

n

New Exhibition —
Baseball As America

Feb. 8-fuly 20, 2003 .i^^^

Shoeless Joe's shoes. Babe's bat. Jackie's jersey.

See the stuff of legends and discover how baseball embodies
the American spirit.

Baseball As America is the first major exhibition to examine the rela-
tionship between baseball and our nation's culture. It is also
the first time that cherished treasures from our national pas-
V • ^^time have left The National Baseball Hall of Fame and
* *; Museum in Cooperstown, New York. With more than

500 of the Hall of Fame's most precious artifacts,
\ this exhibition shows how baseball mirrors our

^ nation's values, struggles, triumphs and aspirations.

I ^^yj. You'll see artifacts from the Negro Leagues and the All-
American Girls Professional Baseball League, as well as
President Roosevelt's famous "Green Light" letter stating that
"it would be best for the country to keep baseball going" dur-
ing V\/orld War II. Balls, gloves, bats, uniforms, baseball cards
and advertisements bring baseball's vibrant stories and person-
alities to life.

The exhibition also includes items of special interest to
Chicago fans — including Sammy Sosa's record-setting bat,
Harry Caray's signature glasses, Ryne Sandberg's glove and
a ticket window and bricks from the original Comiskey Park.

Celebrate good times, great feats and legendary heroes when
you rediscover this beloved sport through the lenses of history,
science, economics and popular culture.

This exhibition was organized by The l^ational Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum,
Cooperstown, New York.

The national tour of Baseball As America is sponsored by Ernst & Young.

COURTESY NATIONAL BASEBALL HALL OF FAME AND MUSEUM

_I

fe

Field

useura

General Museum Information: 312.922.9410

Family and Adult Program Tickets and Information: 312.665.7400

WINTER 2002-2003 December- February 7

Your Guide to the Field: Calendar of Events for Winter 2002-2003 December- February

See these exciting exhibitions
before they close! *

Final Days

Chocolate

The Exhibition

Virough Dec. 31,2002

Did you know that Americans

eat an average of 12 pounds of

chocolate per person per year? Or that the

cacao seeds used to make chocolate taste

bitter, not sweet?

Immerse yourself in the history of a luscious
treat in Chocolate. Take a sweet journey for
all ages — from the rainforest to the ancient
civilization of the Maya, from 16th-century
Europe to a modern-day candy factory. This
exhibition will engage your senses and reveal
facets of chocolate that you've never thought
about before.

Chocolate is a specially ticketed exhibition.
All labels are in English and Spanish.

Chocolate and its national tour were developed by The Field Museum, Chicago.
This project was supported, in part, by the National Science Foundation.
Education programs supported by The Chicago Community Trust.

-V!:

>^«

Final Days

Pearls

Through Jan. 5, 2003

Dive into the myste-
rious realm of the
pearl — from its watery
origins to its history as a
treasured symbol of purity, wealth
and glamour. Marvel at the dazzling variety of
these lustrous gems and trace their cultivation by
humans. With more than 600 objects and nearly half
a million pearls, this gorgeous exhibition features the
most spectacular collection of pearls ever assembled.

Pearls is a specially ticketed exhibition.

Pearls is organized by The American Museum of Natural History, New York, in collaboration
with The Field Museum, Chicago.

National Sponsor Tasaki Shinju Co., Ltd.

Bamboo Masterworks:
Japanese Baskets from
the Lloyd Cotsen Collection

Through Feb. 23, 2003

Contemplate the cherished traditions
woven together in Japanese basketry.

Bamboo Masterworks features treasures
from the world's premiere collection of
Japanese baskets. Because this collection
is privately owned — cultivated over
four decades by American businessman
Lloyd Cotsen — its stunning baskets are
seldom seen by the public. This exhibi-
tion offers a rare look at more than 100
masterpieces, some created by Japan's
most revered artists, and reveals the significance
of basketry in Japanese culture.

Selected for their artistry, originality and craftsmanship, these
baskets will surprise you and take your breath away!

This exhibition is organized by The Asia Society and curated by Mary Hunt Kahlenberg.

The Sara Lee Foundation is the Presenting Sponsor.

Additional support provided by the Elizabeth F. Cheney Foundation.

PAT POLLARD

8 IN THE FIELD CALENDAR

General Museum Information: 312.922.9410; Family and Adult Program Tickets and Information: 312.665.7400

Make us part of your family traditions
with these seasonal festivals.

Peaceable Kingdom Festival

Hear choral groups sing traditional songs from cul-
tures around the world. Featured groups include the
popular Polish-American Lira Singers, the captivat-
ing Mexican-American Cuerdas Classicas and the
inspirational African-American gospel choir Imani
Ya Watume.

Saturday, Dec. 28
1 lam -2pm
Free with Museum
admission

Beyond the Diamond

These are the first of nine lectures. For a full
schedule, visit www/.fieldmuseum.org.

The Making of the Exhibition

Kris ten Mueller,

National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum

Hear the curator for Baseball As America discuss the challenge
of creating an exhibition that reveals baseball's impact.

Tuesday, Feb. 18, 6pm

Defining American Identity in Baseball
Fiction and Film

Dk Bill Savaj^e, Northwestern University

From the poem Casey at the Bat to the hit film Field of Dreams,
see how baseball is a metaphor to explore the American identity.

Wednesday, Feb. 26, 6pm

African Heritage Festival

During February, learn about Africa's landscape and
cultures through stories, activities and scientific demon-
strations. Ask for a schedule at the Information Desk.

Mark your calendars for these unique events:

Slavery's Buried Past: The Archaeology of Slavery

Documentary Screening and Panel Discussion

Discover new insights into the personal lives of U.S. slaves
with a documentary by award-winning journalist Bill Kurtis.
Investigate a slave burial ground and see how slaves merged
homeland traditions with American culture.

Saturday, Feb. 1, 2 -4pm, $W

Bookmark: Africa!

Journey across Africa with contemporary books and films
about the cultures of this vast and diverse continent.

Families with children ages 11— i 4
Saturday, Feb. 8, 10am— noon
$10 per person, members $8

African Heritage Festival is made possible through the generosity of Abbott Laboratories.

Lecture Series (continued from calendar covei

Lecture Series

t

^^

Individual lectures: $12, students / educators

$10, members $8.

Full series subscription (save 20 percent): $86, students /educators

$12, members $58.

Tickets to any three lectures (save 15 percent): $30, students/

educators $25, members $20.

For more information or tickets, call 3 12. 665. 7400.

Credit Course

Enrollment information is available from UIC at
www.oce.uic.edu or 312.996.8025. Course begins Feb. 11; all
sessions meet at The Field Museum.

This program is presented by The Fieid Museum in collaboration with The Humanities
Laboratory at the University of Illinois at Chicago.

WINTER 2002-2003 December- February

Family Overnight

Dozin' With the Dinos

Sue the T. rex is having a sleepover! Join us for a night of
family woricshops, tours and performances. Explore ancient
Egypt by flashlight, prowl an African savannah with man-eat-
ing lions and travel back in time to the Mesozoic Era. Then
spread your sleeping bag amidst some of our most popular
exhibitions. The event includes an evening snacl< and breakfast
in the morning.

Families with children aj^es 6 — 12

5:45pm on Friday, Dec. 21 until 9am on Saturday, Dec. 28

$45 per person, members $38

Courses

Introduction to Maya Archaeology

Dr. Helen Haines, TFM Antliropolooy Dcpt.

Investigate the fascinating world of the ancient IVlaya.
Beginning 3,000 years ago, this culture built a sophisticated
civilization that has left a lasting legacy on Central America.
Learn about their ritual practices, political organization and
intricate calendar systems in this overview of Maya history.

Wednesdays, Jan

6— 8pm

$70, members $60

15- Feb 5

Advanced Fossils

Dr. Wendy Taylor, Geolo(;ist

Delve deeper into the world of fossils and
learn how to interpret these time capsules
from the past. We'll study invertebrate fossils
and learn techniques for collecting, preparing anc
curating specimens. You'll also create your own fossil
identification kit for future teaching and collecting.
This class is designed for students who have already
taken our Foss/I Basics class.

Wednesdays, Jan. 22~Feb. 19, 6-8pin
$80, members $68

Prehistory of the Lake Michigan Basin

Dr. Scott Dcnwl,TFM Anthropolofiy Dept.

Discover how the great Lake Michigan influenced the settle-
ment of the Midwest Investigate how Native American
cultures responded as Lake Michigan's shoreline changed over
time with fluctuating water levels and shifting ecosystems.

Wednesdays, Feb. 5-
$55, members $47

19, 6- 8pm

Below is a calendar of current and upcoming temporary exhibitions. Some dates may change.
Visit our website at www.fieldmuseum.org or call 312.922.9410 as the date of your visit nears.

Chocolate

Through December 31, 2002

Pearls

Through January 5, 2003

From Prairie to Field:
Photographs by Terry Evans

Through February 9, 2003

Family Workshops

Basketmaking: Soak, Bend, Twist and Knot

Jean Vondriska, Basketmaker

Create your own beautiful basket. Learn about the history of bas-
ket weaving around the world, then try your hand at this ancient
craft. We'll look at a variety of baskets for inspiration and visit
the special exhibition Bamboo Masterworks; Japanese Baskets
from the Lloyd Cotsen Collection.

Families with ciiihireii a^cs 8—14
Saturday, Jan. 18, 10am— 1pm
$14 per person, members $12

WILLIAM BURLINGHAM/WB26C

The Two of Us

Liz Cruger, TFM Education Dept.

Travel the Museum's exhibition
halls, hear stories, touch objects,
make art projects and enjoy snacks.

Families with children ages 3—5

Tuesdays, Jan. 21— March 11

10— 11:30am or 1:30— 3pm (Choose one time.)

$95 per child, $80 per member child

For each child, one adult attends at no charge.

This program is sponsored by The Siragusa Foundation Early Childhood Initiative.

The Ancient Near East:
IVIyth and Magic II

Thomas Mudloff, Egyptologist

See how the world works through the eyes
of ancient peoples. Focusing on Egypt, Syro-
i^^ Palestine and Anatolia, we'll look at animal

and goddess cults and examine how myth and ^_^ -
magic were manipulated to serve certain ends, f^^^'
Discover what these beliefs reveal about a
culture's world view.

Naturalist Certificate Program

Deepen your knowledge of the natural environment
and share this passion with others. The Field
Museum, the Morton Arboretum and the Chicago
Botanic Garden offer an integrated program of 'A
nature study for naturalists of all levels.

Northern Illinois Fauna: Winter

diet Ryndak, former Superintendent oj Conservation,
Forest Preserve District of Cook County

from birth to death, season to season, discover how each animal
species occupies its own place in nature and is uniquely adapted
for survival.

A Celebration of Souls:

Day of the Dead in Southern Mexico

Through February 9, 2003

Bamboo Masterworks: Japanese Baskets
from the Lloyd Cotsen Collection

Through February 23, 2003

Baseball As America

February 8-July 20, 2003

JOHN WEINSTEiN/90488 036D

Behind the Scenes:
Beyond Baseball

Will Pestle, TFM Anthropology Dept.

\

ancient Egypt? Or Pok-ta-pok, like the IVIaya nearly
2,000 years ago? Go behind the scenes to the
Museum's anthropology collections to learn about
games and sports from cultures around the world.

Families uHth children ages 7-12
Friday, Feb. 21, 6— 8pm
$15 per person, members $12

Reading the Landscape of Northern Illinois

Dr. Wendy Taylor, Geologist, and Dr. Philjanney,
TFM Geology Dept.

Learn how to read the landscape to recognize the lasting
effects of plants, animals, glaciers, ancient oceans and
other natural forces.

Wednesdays, March 12 and 19, 7— 9pm
Saturday, March 29, 9am— 4pm
$140, members $116

Coming in March...

Baseball Card Bonanza!

Mark Swets, TFM Education Dept.

Grab your baseball card collection and join us to learn
more about these modern-day "artifacts."

Families mth children ages 7—12
Saturday, March 8, 1— 2:30pm
$10 per person, members $8

KIMBERLY MAZANEK;89571 31AC

Coming in IVIarch...

Lecture

The Great Walls of Joliet

Discover the public art movement that may be Joliet's best kept
secret. Since 1991, a group of nationally and internationally
recognized artists has created more than 100 murals, mosaics and
sculptures in public spaces throughout the city. Hear artists and com-
munity leaders discuss the power of public art in our everyday lives.

Saturday, March 1, 2pm
Free with Musetmi admission

.■A Jf

^ t

The Field Museum salutes the people of Chicago for thej^ong-standing, gener-
ous support of the Museum through the Chicago Park District. In addition,
these programs are partially supported by the Illinois Department of Natural
Resources and Illinois State Museum; by the Institute of Museum and
Library Services, a federal agency; by the Illinois Arts Council, a state
agency; and by a CityArts Program A Grant from the City of Chicago
Department of Cultural Affairs.

Coming Soon — Eternal Egypt: IVI aster wo rl<s of Ancient Art
From The British IVIuseum aphi 25-Au,ust w, 2003

See magnificent treasures from 3,500 years of ancient Egypt. Walk
^^Igag colossal stone sculptures, golden mummy masks and delicate
MBks scrolls. Drawn from the world's most important collection
tian art outside of Cairo, this epic exhibition reveals the
It one of the world's most enduring civilizations.

This exhibition is organized by the American Federation of Arts and The British Museum.

The exhibition and its national tour are made possible by Ford Motor Company.
Ford has also provided additional support for this venue.

The Chicago presentation is made possible through the generous support of LaSalle Bank.

Additional support has been provided by the Benefactors Circle of the AFA.

leneral Museum Information: 312.922.9410; Family and Adult Program Tickets and Information: 312.665.7400

NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC

eries Offers a World of Adventure

nd adventure, insight and inspiration tiirough encounters with the world's top explorers, photographers,
ientists and writers. Following on last year's tremendous success, The Field Museum is once again
illaborating with National Geographic to present Live. ..from National Geographic.

Wild at Heart:

Man and Beast in Southern

Africa

Chris Johns, National Geographic
Photographer

Experience the primal wonder
of Africa's wilderness as Johns
shares spellbinding images and
reflects on the future of wildlife
conservation amidst growing
human populations.

Tuesday, Feb. 18, 7:30pm

Orangutans to Flying Frogs:
Treasures of the Asian Rain Forest

Cheryl Knott, Biohigical Anthropologist, and Tim Laman,
Biologist and Photographer

See dramatic photos of the rain
forest's most curious creatures, and
hear the adventures of a husband-
and-wife team who study life in
the rain forest canopy.

Tuesday, March 18, 7:30pm

Everest: 50 Years Later

Liesl Clark, Filmmaker

Pete Athans, Brent Bishop, Peter
Hillary and Jamling Norgay,
Mountaineers

Retrace the extraordinary feats of the
pioneers of Mount Everest. Fifty years
ago, Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing
Norgay became the first men to make this
incredible climb. A decade later, Barry
Bishop became the first American to do
the same. Join the sons of these famous
men as they follow In their fathers'
footsteps for the upcoming National
Geographic Channel television special.

Tuesday, April 15, 7:30pm

4

Becoming Human

Donald Johanson , Paleoantltropologist

Ponder our human origins with
the scientist who discovered the
famous "Lucy," a 3.2-
million-year-old skeleton that
caused anthropologists to
rethink the human family tree.

Tuesday, May 6, 7:30pm

Series Subscriptions —
Tickets currently on sale.

Series tickets would make a great gift! At your request.
The Field IVIuseum will send subscription tickets with a
personalized gift card.

Patron tickets (reserved seating): $98; TFM, NG and
Geographic Society of Chicago members $86.

General admission: $84; TFM, NG and Geographic Society
of Chicago members $70; students $48.

Individual Events —

Tickets go on sale Jan. 20, 2003.

Patron tickets (reserved seating): $28;TFM, NG and
Geographic Society of Chicago members $26.

General admission: $24;TFM, NG and Geographic Society of
Chicago members $22; students $15.

Member discounts available only on
advanced ticket purchases and not at
the door

i A 10 percent discount is available for
groups of 10 or more with pre-regis-
tration.

Live.. .from National Geographic and the educational out-
^ reach activities related to the series are presented in
o collaboration with The Field Museum, the Geographic
'< Society of Chicago, the National Geographic Education
cr Foundation and the Illinois Geographic Alliance.

m

BACKGROUND; LIESL CLARK FOR NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC CHANNEL

special exhibitions open a window
onto the IVIuseum's work.

Trash to Treasure: Salvage
Archaeology in The Field
Museum's Backyard

Now Open!

Discover pieces of Chicago history that were buried in landfill
almost a century ago and are now being revealed by new con-
struction projects around the Museum. See a variety of bottles,
stoneware, ceramics, metal objects and other items once used in
early 20th-century Chicago hotels, restaurants, breweries and
other businesses. You'll also learn more about the exciting work
going on behind the construction walls at the Museum.

Artifacts made available courtesy of the Illinois State Museum.

From Prairie to Field:
Photographs by Terry Evans

Tlirotigh Feb. 9, 2003

Discover the value of scientific collections through 44 exquisite
color photographs by a nationally recognized photographer.
These images of birds, plants, fishes, reptiles, mammals and
insects present an artist's view of the science that takes place
behind the scenes at the Museum.

©TERRY EVANS

This exhibition was developed in collaboration with Terry Evans.

Getting Here: With construction under way at nearby Soldier Field, your
usual route to The Field Museum may have changed. Visitwww.fieldmuseum.org
for the latest information on parking, free trolleys and public transit.

Hours: 9am-5pm daily. Last admission at 4pm.

New Admission Fees: Please note that The Field Museum's admission prices have changed.
Check our website for details. Remember, members receive free admission every day.

Tickets: Chocolate, Pearls and Baseball As America are specially ticketed exhibitions. Member
passes can be reserved in advance by calling Ticketmaster at 312.902.1500 (service charges
apply), or by coming to the membership desk near the Museum's south entrance (no service
charges). Non-member tickets can also be reserved in advance through Ticketmaster or in person
at the Museum's admission desks. Day-of tickets are available at the Museum while supplies last.

Accessibility: Visitors using wheelchairs or strollers may be dropped off at the west entrance.
Handicapped parking and wheelchairs are available on a first-come, first-served basis. Call
312.665.7400 to check on the accessibility of programs that take place outside of the Museum.

Information: 312.922.9410 orwww.fieldmuseum.org

14 IN THE FIELD CALENDAR

SCIENTIST'SPICK

LEFT- JOHN WtlNSTElN;Z94363 09RD TOP RIGHT © JOHN G SHEDD AQUARIUM, PHOTO BY PATRICE CEISEL. BOTTOM RIGHT: Z94363.04RD

The bird-like grin of a parrotfish, compiled of large, fused teeth, is of keen interest to biolo-
gists and conservationists who study coral reefs.

Collected in Bermuda in 1905, this skull of the Rainbow Parrotfish, Scarus guacama/a, is
one of the oldest specimens in The Field Museum's collection of fish skeletons. Its design
reflects how parrotfishes feed on coral reefs, their beak-like jaws scraping and biting stony
corals in search of nutrient-rich algae. To perform this feat, their jaws are made of heavy
plates of bone with an extra joint for greater flexibility. These two separate joints transmit
powerful excavation forces, working just like the forward scoop of a bulldozer. And that's
not all — the parrotfish has a second set of specially adapted jaws in its throat that finely
crush the coral for easier digestion.

The pharyiiaeal
jaws (left) and skull
(bottom riiiht) of a
Rainbow Parrotfish,
Scams CTuacaniaia.

What happens next is why parrotfishes are so ecologically significant. They travel in size-
able schools — herds almost — huge clouds of sand pouring out the rear end. That's right:
The ground-up coral in the parrotfish's stomach passes through its system and is expelled
as white sand. One large parrotfish can produce a ton of sand each year. In addition to
its beauty and fascinating jaws, the parrotfish is a critical measure of the health of coral
reef ecosystems.

Dr. Mark W. Westneat, associate curator of zoology, chose this specimen. Scientist's Pick
showcases artifacts that visitors may not normally see on exhibit — items that have ari
Important story to tell or that are, in this case, held aside for research by the international
scientific community.

^tj*.»n .^■^vrv^i-.-^iy.: -,-

WINTER 2002-2003 December-February

INTHEFIELDFEATURE

Evolution on an Island Continent:
A Year in the Andes Mountains

John J. Flynn, MacArthur Curator, Geology

"It is an old story, but not the less wonderful, to hear of shells which were once
crawling on the bottom of the sea, now standing nearly 14,000 feet above its level.
— Charles Darwin on the Andes Mountains, The Voyage of the Beagle

Baikiiroiiii(i:Aii(]es
Xhiiiitiiins 300

■ foiith of

It's not too surprising to find seasheUs on the
beach. But marine fossils perched on mountaintops
are indeed a spectacular and incongruous sight.
Like Darwin, I was first drawn to South America
16 years ago by a tantalizing report of ancient
whale bones, not shells, sitting 6,000 feet high in
the Andes. Since whales don't live in the moun-
tains, understanding their journey from life in the
ocean to their final — and unexpected — resting
place on dry land could enhghten us about the
massive tectonic upheavals that lifted them high
above sea level. Dating these fossil-bearing deposits
enabled our international team to calculate, for the
first time, the precise initiation age (17 million years
ago [Mya]) and average uplift rate (about 0.1—0.2
millimeter per year, or one inch every 150 years) of
this part of the Andes Mountains.

Since then, I have undertaken almost two dozen
expeditions throughout the 5,000-mile-long Andes
chain, from the southern wind-swept peaks of
Chilean Patagonia to the northern tropical moun-
tain valleys of Colombia. At one site, in rocks
surrounding our 1 4,500-foot-high base camp in
the Altiplano plateau of northern Chile, we most
recently discovered what is likely the world's high-
est location for fossil vertebrates. South America's
mountainous areas once were considered virtually
devoid of mammal fossils since most had come
from a few high-latitude lowland areas. Our
research now has uncovered thousands of specimens
from at least a dozen regions that fill in previous
gaps in the fossil record.

With the support of The Field Museum, a John
S. Guggenheim Fellowship and a visiting professor-
ship at the Universidad de Chile. I spent the past
year in Chile with my family. While there, I under-
took extensive research and fieldwork, built stronger
ties with the Museo Nacional de Historia Natural
de Chile and scientific colleagues, and synthesized
the results of our long-term projects on how geo-
logical and climate changes since the dinosaur
extinction 65 Mya intluenced South America's
exceptional living diversity,'.

South America's isolation as an "island conti-
nent" created a huge-scale natural experiment in
evolution, the ideal laboratory for a paleontologist.
Since the ancient supercontinent Pangea broke up.
plate tectonic movements separated South America

fiom all other landmasses for most of the past 80
million years, until the Isthmus of Panama formed
about 3.5 Mya. This long seclusion yielded a
diverse and unique biota, including monkeys, sloths,
anteaters, opossums, capybaras and chinchillas, that
did not interact with species of other continents.
Understanding how, when and where South
America's isolated fossil communities were distrib-
uted, and how they responded to major changes
such as mountain building or sea-level fluctuations,
can generate new insights into their remarkable his-
tory. Our work has already produced exciting new
results and is opening additional avenues for future
collaborative investigation.

New vistas of the ancient past

Several key time intervals, ranging from 40 to 8
Mya, now are well represented in the new faunas
we have discovered. One striking example is the
31.5- to 33-million-year-old Tinguiririca fauna
from Termas del Flaco ("thermal baths of the
skinny fellow"), a resort village near Argentina
about 1 00 miles southeast of Santiago. It contains
some 300 specimens of more than 25 species —
almost all new to science — and partially fills in a
1 5-miUion-year-long gap in the South American
fossil record. Tinguiririca also documents the first
appearance of many major South American mam-
mal groups, including the oldest South American
rodents, which our analyses indicate had dispersed
across the ocean from Africa. Such findings also
dramatically revise our interpretation of the south-
ern Andes' geological history. Long considered to
date from the Mesozoic "Age of Dinosaurs" at least
1 00 Mya, our discoveries prove that the major pulse
of mountain uplift began only after 17 Mya.

Grasses sprout early in South America

Although the Tinguiririca region is quite arid
today, the fossils tell us that forests once covered
virtually all of South America and animals that
browsed on soft tree leaves and herbs dominated
the archaic (65-34 Mya) mammal assemblages.
Mammals that eat soft foods have low-cro\\ned
teeth like ours, with a thin cap of enamel covering
the crown and shallow roots. In striking contrast,
by Tinguiririca time almost all the mammals had
extremely high-crowned teeth with enamel reach-

IN THE FIELD

hypsodoiit icctli, an adap-
tation to eating ahrasiue
grasses. Tinguiririca
fauna, central Chile.

Right: Partial skeleton
in volcanic rock. Rio
Cachapoal, central
Chilean Andes.

Both specimens are
notoungulates, extinct,
endemic niannnals from
South America.

ing down to the root tips, a condition called hyp-
sodonty. Today, such teeth are found only in animals
adapted to open, grassy habitats, such as bison,
cows, antelope or horses. Since grass is gritty, the
-teeth in hypsodont mammals maintain a good
grinding surface longer than teeth adapted to
browsing.

So what do these teeth and other features of the
Tinguiririca mammals tell us? That their environ-

ment was open with abundant grasses — quite pos-
sibly the Earth's first savanna-woodland grasslands.
At 31.5 Mya, this is the first appearance of a com-
pletely difiierent and novel ecosystem, at least 15
million years earlier in South America than any-
where else on the planet. Our field collecting and
research studies are just one example of how Field
Museum curators contribute to the global frame-
work of scientific knowledge. ITF

Venturing into the Unknown: The Challenges
and Rewards of Mountain Fieldwork

During my year in Chile, our team,
which included colleagues Andre Wyss
(University of California-Santa Barbara),
Reynaldo Charrier (Universidad de
Chile) and Darin Croft (University of
Chicago and The Field Museum), struck
out to expand our discoveries in the cen-
tral Andes of Chile. We decided to revisit
a tantalizing but virtually unknown terri-
tory for fossils, almost 200 miles farther
south than Tinguiririca.

As our daylong drive wore on, lengthy
silences and palpable anxiety set in as we
headed for a kind of "no-man's-land"
beyond the last police station, which
required us to explain our work at the
border checkpoint, dusk creeping in and
a fierce, cold wind whipping around us.
We immediately found a grove near a
stream, providing some protection and
drinking water, and made camp in the
dark. Settling for a quick, cold dinner, we
then dove for our sleeping bags, hoping
for a productive morning.

While one rock level did not pan out
well, another yielded numerous interesting

mammal jaws the first day. Additional
prospecting revealed new sites and a spec-
tacular assortment of specimens, including
one excjuisite herbivore skull and jaws, par-
tial skulls of several rodent species and a
few interesting plant fossils, all about 1 5-20
Mya. We still have not recovered a single
reptilian, amphibian or finned aquatic
friend. These exquisite finds were excavated
from cliffs that are equally awe-inspiring —
contorted into dramatic S-shaped folds,
hundreds of feet thick, encompassing many
different kinds of rocks.

So we would not become too compla-
cent or productive, however, torrential
rains soon poured over some 60 straight
hours. Our small stream raged, carrying
crashing boulders and surrounding Croft's
tent with a new branch of the creek. (He
moved his tent to higher ground flanking
the affectionately termed Laguna de
Croft.) Work was not possible for several
days, so we gladly spent countless hours
reading, writing and talking in our dry
truck. We tried to make morning coffee
and cook dinner in the delusre, but one

memorable phrase summed up the ironic
humor of our situation: "Mighty good
fried potatoes, Flynn, or are those boiled?"
Waterlogged as our bodies — and potatoes
— were, we still reveled in the exciting
discoveries we'd just made and that still
lie ahead.

Reynaldo Charriei; Universidad de Chile,
makes the most of a fruitless situation in our
warm, dry truck.

WINTER 2002-2003 December- Fehniary

INTHEFIELDFEATURE

Recent Grant Preventive Medicine
to North American Collections

Amy E. Cmticli, Editor

For All Hallows Eve, my friends and I created an altar with cherished items to honor
our beloved ancestors — a grandmother's music box, a father's photo, a brooch, a
dress, an old family recipe. As each woman shared stories about her item, I thought
about how these remnants line our personal history like the potshards of an archaeo-
logical site. Each of us, like an anthropologist, has to piece together who we are
with tiny fragments of our past.

Tlie beads on this
Kenyan bag, while not
covered by the SAT
grant, only required
cleaning to remove the
accumulated carbonate.

The Field Museum's anthropology department
must guard its collections with a similar reverence.
Steve Nash, head of collections, and Ruth Norton,
chief conservator, recently received a $400,000
grant from Save America's Treasures (SAT) to help
us conserve about 125,000 items in our North
American collections. Embodying the artistic,
ceremonial and utilitarian legacies of dozens of
cultures, these objects suffer from threats that
endanger their physical and scholarly integrity. The
SAT grant provides fiands to staff and implement
appropriate conservation treatments.

Some objects are chemically unstable. "Glass dis-
ease" develops when humidity fluctuations over time
cause some components to leach out, leaving visible
voids and cracks. This most often affects tiny beads
that decorate costumes and other ritual objects.
"Weeping glass" occurs during intermediate stages
of deterioration when calcium, sodium and potas-
sium seep out in water
droplets that eventually
dry up and form carbon-
ate crystals on the surface.
The only way to prevent
either condition is to
control humidity. Much
of this will be addressed
when portions of the
collections are moved to
the new temperature-
and humidity-controUed
Collections Resource Center.

Many objects were
inadequately housed in the
Museum's early years and
show breakage, tears, distor-
tion or abrasions. In surveying
an object, conservators might
ask: Can it be moved? Can
an earlier faulty repair be
restored? What archival-qual-
ity mounting materials are
available that will not harm
the object or create fliture
problems? It's imperative to
make as few alterations as

possible since burns, facial oils, food, ritual oils or
other residues might tell us how the object was
used. It's painstaking work, but what we do now has
long-term implications for researchers, conservators
or native peoples who visit the objects for cultural
or ceremonial purposes.

Museums worldwide are trying to mitigate a
routine but dangerous practice of the 1920s and
'30s — the use of arsenic as a pesticide. Arsenic is
impossible to remove completely if, for e.xample,
it's trapped in fijr or finely woven textiles. When
it's detected, as much of it is removed as possible
and the object is sealed in a polyethylene container.
Staff and visitors who handle the objects take spe-
cial precautions, such as wearing plastic gloves and
laboratory coats.

The time it takes to conserve an object, whether
one hour or one year, relates as much to its size and
complexity as it does to its condition. If it's made
of multiple materials — wood, glass, cloth and feath-
ers, for example — each damaged component might
have its own treatment plan. And because there are
so many objects and the process is often time inten-
sive, curators and conservators frequendy have to
determine which ones to restore in relation to their
Museum or cultural significance; only a small portion
can be completed.

On the other hand, creating a safe environment
that reduces the rate of deterioration can be apphed
to a whole collection. "Conserving these objects
is a lot like preventive medicine," said Norton.
"Vaccinations affect the health of more people
than heart transplants."

The decision to conserve an object is not with-
out ethical concerns. Some artifacts are better left
untouched if intervention were to skew their his-
tory of ownership and care. Also, no matter how
knowledgeable we are, we can't comprehend what
an artifact's non-tangible qualities might mean to
a culture. If the paint on a ceremonial mask begins
to flake, for example, some cultures might believe
that's nature taking its course, and it should be left
alone. Whatever the case. The Field Museum's
North American collections are one of the world's
greatest resources, and it's our responsibility to
preserve them in the best way possible. ITF

IN THE FIELD

OFSPECIALINTEREST

Members Offered Rare Chance to Research Lions in Keny;^

You might think that living next door to Tsavo,
Kenya's largest national park, would be paradise, but
ranchers and herdsmen do not. The region's lions
kill hundreds of livestock every year and have
forced some reluctant ranch owners to convert
their holdings to cropland. If Kenya is to maintain
natural havens for wildlife, reserve managers must
find ways to mitigate lions' conflicts with humans.

Bruce Patterson, Field Museum MacArthur
curator of mammals, and his American and Kenyan
colleagues are studying the ecology and behavior
ofTsavo's infamous lions to help predict and avoid
such conflicts. Sponsored by Earthwatch Institute
(EI), the project focuses on understanding how
lions use their territories, how prides interact
and how prey varies each season.

Patterson is enlisting Field Museum members
to fill two volunteer teams (10 people each) to
-observe hons and collect samples. Normally,
teams are reserved for members of EI,
which creates conservation partnerships
between scientists and the public. You
must book your reservation for either July
18-30 or Oct. 3-15 by March 1, 2003.
After that, the spots will be released to EI.
The expedition will cost about $2,700,
which includes comfortable accommoda-

tions and superb food in a breathtaking setting
but not airfare to and accommodations in Nairobi.

Gain an intimate portrait of these charismatic
mammals while helping to create peace between
them and their neighbors. Call Heather Scott first
at 312.665.7784 to obtain your Field Museum
registration code before registering through EI.

Visit www. earthwatch . or^ /expeditions /patterson .html
for more information on the project.

Botany Department Getting Repotted

Its roots too deep and limbs overgrown, the botany department needs a bigger pot.

In orcier to continue increasing our
knowledge of plants and fungi and how
to protect them, the botany department is
revitalizing three major areas: the herbar-
ium, staffing and conservation tools for
scientists and the public.

The herbarium, originally founded in
1893 as one of the Museum's first collec-
tions and named after John G. Searle in
1972, has served as the world's garden for
scientists here and abroad. Among some
2.7 million specimens are some of the
largest collections of flowering plants;
mosses and hverworts; ferns; economically
and medicinally useful plants; and fungi
and lichens. But outdated facilities and our' -
growing collections — nearly 30,000 speci-
mens added yearly — liave created the need
to renovate the herbarium. The upgrades
wiU incorporate new laboratories, space-
saving storage and climate controls for a
stable environment.

Even more threatened than many plant
species are the people who study them.
The Museum has received five grants from
the National Science Foundation's (NSF)
Partnerships for the Enhancement of
Expertise in Taxonomy (PEET), NSF's
urgent response to the ever-shrinking pool
of trained taxonomists. At about $750,000
each, it is simply unparalleled that the
Museum received this many, a testament
to our leadership in taxonomy and train-
ing. Botany alone received two PEET
grants and hopes to add to the next gener-
ation of systematic biologists. In addition,
the department has welcomed three new
curators and plans to continue expanding
stafl^. Sabine Huhndorf, a PEET recipient,
works on microfungi;Thorsten Lumbsch
will research lichens; and Rick Rea special-
izes in flowering plants.

Unless you plan to lug along a 25-pound
textbook the next time you visit the trop-

ics, there are few illustration books or tools
to speed up your learning and plant
identification process. As a result, we are
developing several hard copy and web-
based tools for beginners and biologists
alike. Rapid color guides are inexpensive
laminated placards that each contain 40
live-plant illustrations and can be taken
into the field. Microherbaria are books
made from scanned herbarium specimens
and are usefril to biologists who compare
pressed and dried specimens. The rapid
reference collection organizes neotropical
specimens from the main herbarium in a
novel way that's easy and quick to navigate.
Finally, at least three databases are being
developed that utilize thousands of images
and can be searched in a variety of ways.

Just as a garden needs pruning in order
to thrive, so does the botany department in
order to continue its world-class research
and conservation initiatives.

fl

Background: May Apple, Podophyllum peltatum

WINTER 2002-2003 December -February

FROMTHE ARCHIVES

Charles Knight: Prehistoric Visions
of a Beloved Muralist

Alexander Sherman, Strategic Planning

Like many of you, I grew up at the natural history museum. Not a weel< passed when
I wasn't practicing the long Latin names of dinosaurs. In my memory, I can still
recall every single Permian reptile and Cretaceous behemoth in New York's American
Museum of Natural History (AMNH). After I returned from college, though, the
museum had closed that area, and my childhood sanctuary had changed into some-
thing different.

Rhoda Knight Kalt,
Charles Knight's
granddaughter, with her
daughter, Melissa, at Tlie
Field Museum in 1969.

There was evolution and walkways at different
heights and windows overlooking the park . . . even
new color on the walls. Changes in biological sci-
ences and museum education had brought changes
to the museum itself. But at-home-ness set in when
I joyfully encountered a Charles Knight mural —
the same one I carried as a tattered postcard
throughout my childhood. For many of us, Knight's
murals embody the daydreams that natural history
museums stir in us.

At The Field Museum, Knight's famous battle
between Tyramiosaurus rex and Triceratops, painted in
1927, is so well loved that it has become the stan-
dard encounter for portraying the age of dinosaurs.
Today, a Field Museum decent might point out
inaccuracies in this vivid reconstruction. For
example, 77 rex never stood up with its tail on the
ground that way; the balanced, feral position in

which Sue crouches is probably more accurate. But
no matter how the science changes, the drama and
inspiration of Knight's murals remain true.

In 1896 at age 22, Knight met the AMNH
paleontologist. Together, these t\vo men would rev-
olutionize museum displays. Freed from glass boxes
and ta.xonomic categories, dinosaur fossUs sprang
out in true-to-Ufe poses. In his own practice.
Knight studied fossils closely and made dramatic
sculptures from which he painted the murals.

I recently met Rhoda Knight Kalt, Knight's
granddaughter and self-appointed keepsake of his
legacy. She came to the Field in 1994 for the
opening of Life Over Time, which combines con-
temporary interactive displays with the beautifril
Knight murals commissioned decades ago. In addi-
tion to maintaining www.CharlesRKnight.com, a
compendium about Knight and his influence.
Knight Kalt can share hours of anecdotes about her
grandfather, whom she called "Toppy." For example,
he stayed at the Drake as he prepared The Field
Museum's murals. Each day, very early, he would
walk along the lake to the Museum. It was often so
bitter and blustery that winter that his nose frosted
over, a souvenir from our aptly named Windy City
that he never forgot. Anyone who has made the
trek can vouch for that.

In addition to the battle beD.veen T. rex and
Triceratops and the mastodons shown in the photo,
keep your eyes open for other favorites next time
you visit the Museum, including the Apatosaurus
in the Elizabeth Morse Genius Dinosaur HaU and
the saber -tooth tiger in the last room of Life Over
Time. You may get a fresh look at the beloved
artist's work next year, for our library is planning
a small exhibition to commemorate the 50th
anniversary of his death in 1953.

Knight's inspiration has reached far and wide.
Even King Kong took his cue from Knight's sketch
of Bushman. Today, the vivacity of his artwork holds
its own with computerized special effects and ani-
mated dinosaurs. Having inspired countless students
to enter paleontology over the decades. Knight's
dinosaur visions will live on.

MEMBERSHIP/ ANNUALFUND

Double Discount Shopping Days

Whether you're buying for family or friends, The Field
Store is a sure thing for distinctive holiday gifts.

luseum

On Dec. 9, 14 and 18, members receive 20 percent off all
store merchandise, including handcrafted gifts, educational
toys and festive souvenirs. You'll also find a handsome selec-
tion of items related to Chocolate, Pearls and Bamboo
Mastetworks. Follow your nose to luscious chocolate foods
from around the w/orld. Look for pearl items to suit every
taste and budget, including jewelry, bath products, ornaments,
frames and elegant tableware. Or arrange a home basket of
bamboo-related items, such as vases, tea accoutrements, books,
table runners and CDs.

Remember to bring your membership card. The stores are open daily
from 10am to 5pm.

The Essential Year-round Gift

What can you give this holiday season to friends and family who seem to have everything?
A Field Museum general or annual fund membership is the essential year-round gift.

With rates beginning at $60 for individuals and $70
for families, general membership privileges include
free basic admission every day; free passes to 2003's
special exhibitions; a subscription to In the Field;
discounts on programs, food and merchandise; a free
tote bag; and our Members' Nights' 50th anniversary
in June, a once-a-year opportunity to go behind the
scenes in our academic and exhibition areas.

An annual fund gift membership ($100-$1,499)
offers even more chances to get involved, including

behind-the-scenes tours and receptions, invitations
to exclusive events and guest passes for friends
and family.

Purchase your general memberships at
312.665.7700 or annual fund memberships at
312.665.7777. Orders placed by Dec. 18 will be
delivered by Dec. 24. As thanks for your purchase,
you will receive a complimentary Pearls poster.

Members'-only Baseball Viewings

j- Shoeless Joe's shoes. Babe's bat. Jackie's jersey. See the treasures of our cherished
I national pastime and discover how baseball embodies the American spirit in Baseball
I As America.

The members'-only viewings are 9am to 3pm on

Feb. 7, and 5 to 10pm on Feb. 9, 13, 16
and 17. Invitations will be mailed,

Ne sensational base ball song

3D THIi

GMEi

\

WOt-*L)S flY \

dACK IN0I2W0PTH
ALBERT Von TILZER

and reservations are required.

NATIONAL BASEBALL HALL OF FAME AND MUSEUM

WINTER 2002-2003 December -February

Field Museum Tours at a Glance

For prices and other information, call Field Museum Tours at 800.811.7244 or email
fmtours@sover.net.

Prehistoric Caves
of France and Spain

April 20-Aday 3, 2003

Leaders: Williitw Barnett, TFM archae-
ologist, and Paul Balm, expert on cave
art and early humans

Discover the splendid cave art of
Altamira II, Lascaux II, Niaux, Las
Monedas, Pech Merle and Cueva del
Castillo. Tour incomparable archaeo-
logical, ethnographic and art
museums, including Bilbao's
Guggenheim and the Museum of
Prehistory in Les Eyzies. Visit charm-
ing medieval \'illages, including the
well-preserved Santallina del Mar.

The Amazon by Riverboat

Jan. 18-26, 2003

Leader: Dr. Barry Chernoff,
TFM curator of fishes

Explore the Amazon, Ucayali and
Tapiche Rivers in Peru aboard a 1 4-
cabin riverboat. Search for river
dolphins; howler, squirrel and
capuchin monkeys; sloths; capybaras;
and unusual birds such as the jabiru
and hoatzin. Optional extension to
Machu Picchu and other sites
around Cuzco.

Egyptian Odyssey

Jan.

-Feb. 8, 2003

Leader: Thomas .\Uidloff',TFM lecturer
and instructor of Egyptology

Explore the world of the ancient
pharaohs by land and riverboat. Visit
the Pyramids of Giza. Egyptian
Museum, Valleys of the Kings and
Queens, Karnak, the temples of
Khnum, Horus and Isis, and Abu
Simbels three colossi of Ramses II.
Five-star accoi:imodations.

Tanzania Migration Safari

February 1-14. 2003

Leaders: Bill Stanley and Mary
Anne Rogers, TFM zoologists

Travel at the best time of year
to see hundreds of thousands
of wildebeest and tens of thou-
sands of zebras and antelope.
Catch sight of lions, cheetahs,
hyenas and other predators.
Enjoy four days in the Serengeti,
then three days at Ngorongoro
Crater.

The Seychelles and Madagascar

Feb. 16- March 5, 2003

Sail to sun-drenched isles where
palm trees on endless white beaches
fringe sparkling coral lagoons rich
with sea life. The Seychelles islands
sparkle like gems in the vast Indian
Ocean. Madagascar, the worlds
"eighth continent," harbors won-
drous plants and animals that have
evolved in splendid isolation.

Also Planned for 2003 and 2004:

• The Pantanal Region: Argentina, Iguassu Falls,
Paraguay, Bolivia and Brazil

• Behind the Scenes in Moscow and St. Petersburg

• Wonders of Ancient China

• Archaeology of Peru

• Empires of Indochina: Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos

• World of the Ancient Maya

• Egyptian Odyssey and Egypt Revisited

"Meeting with different archaeologists at their excavations was terrific.

The Field Museum's Member Pub}{c^i^,\oy^^^\'\^,y^\^'^^Mi

i

Eternal Egypt

South America]
Conservation,
AxA^rded $1 2 f

E?-r

FROMTHEPKESIDENT

Our Essential Enterprises

You may have ventured into our stores in searcli of a distinctive handmade gift, or witnessed Stanley
Field Hall transformed into an elegant, glittering ballroom. Our store and special event enterprises
are part of the visitor experience at The Field Museum. They are also essential to generating income,
especially important as nearby construction inhibits access to the Museum and as economic chal-
lenges affect the daily operations of cultural institutions nationwide. We are grateful for each store
purchase and special event since proceeds directly support the Museum's ongoing exhibitions,
research and educational programming.

Over the past few years we have
enhanced our merchandise
selection to offer items that are
unique to our collections. You
can purchase a replica of Sue's
tooth, for example. If you visited
the Pearls exhibition, what you
learned about Akoya or freshwa-
ter pearls may have informed
your buying decisions as you

Stanley Field Hall is
a gorgeous place for a
special event.

passed through the Pearls Store.
And while our curators are con-
ducting research in the field,
they are also purchasing local
handcrafted goods to sell in the
stores. Anne Underbill, assistant
curator of Asian anthropology,
brought back pottery vessels
from Shandong, China, that are
replicas of forms she and her

Chinese colleagues excavated
from the Longshan period (ca.
2500-1900 BCE). These objects
help you remember a special
day at the Museum.

This year, look for our new
online store at vwvw.store. field-
museum. org, which will launch
in March. You will be able to
browse by category and exhibi-
tion for distinguished apparel,
gifts, jewelry, books, children's
merchandise and more. Also visit
the stores in the Baseball As
America and Eternal Egypt
exhibitions.

The grandeur and history of
Stanley Field Hall, the outdoor
terrace that surrounds our
Brachiosaurus and other
Museum areas make the perfect
backdrops for corporate parties,
weddings or annual meetings.
Special events are our biggest
growth opportunity among busi-
ness enterprises. When we built
a sales strategy and developed
partnerships with preferred
vendors, event revenue jumped
tremendously.

The Museum can incorporate a
number of features into an event,
from docent-led excursions
through an exhibition to orga-
nized family activities. In many
cases, people attending an event

have not been here before,
increasing our audience reach.
Special events are also a benefit
of the new Corporate Relations
Program (see page 19).

We frequently receive praise
from event guests. Phil Condit,
chairman and CEO of The
Boeing Company and the U.S.
chair for the 2002 Transatlantic
Business Dialogue (TABD) CEO
Conference, sent this letter fol-
lowing the keynote dinner held
here: "The dinner at the Field
allowed us to showcase one of
Chicago's most significant cul-
tural and historic landmarks to
an international audience. The
high-level audience of American
and European CEOs and senior
government leaders was truly
awed and, I believe, inspired by
Stanley Field Hall."

Business enterprises provided 16
percent of the Museum's total
revenue in 2002, a testament to
their importance. They are just
one additional way we serve you,
the visitor, while also helping to
keep our exhibition, education
and scientific efforts going.

John W. McCarter, Jr.
President & CEO

\A/hT+ ri.

4-1-

1+ Tn +h<

,lrJ9

For general membership inquiries, including address changes, call 312.665.7700. For questions about
the magazine In the Field, call 312.665.7115, email acranch@fmnh.org, or write Amy E. Cranch,
Editor, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605-2496.

INTHEFIELD

Spring 2003, March-May,
Vol.75, No. 2

Editor:

Amy E. Cranch, The Field Museum

Design:
Depl<e Design

Copy editor:

Laura F. Nelson

%<r III the Field is printed on recycled paper
using soy-based inks. All images ©The
Field Museum unless otherwise specified.

In the Field (ISSN #1051-4546) is published
quarterly by The Field Museum. Copyright
2003 The Field Museum. Annual subscriptions
are $20; $10 for schools. Museum membership
includes In the Field subscription. Opinions
expressed by authors are their own and do
not necessarily reflect the policy of The Field
Museum. Notification of address change should
include address label and should be sent to
the membership department. POSTMASTER:
Send address changes to Membership, The
Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive,
Chicago, IL 60605-2496. Periodicals postage
paid at Chicago, Illinois.

Cover: See magnificent treasures in Eternal
Egypt: Masterworks of Ancient Art From The
British Museum. Mummy mask of Satdjehuty,
provenance unknown. New Kingdom, early 18
Dynasty (ca. 1500 BCE). ©Trustees of The
British Museum, Courtesy AFA.

th

The Field Museum salutes the people of
Chicago for their long-standing, generous
support of the Museum through the
Chicago Park District.

_!

fa

FielH

useum

1400 South Lake Shore Drive
Chicago, IL 60605-2496
312.922.9410
www.fieldmuseum.org

Eternal Egypt tells how changing politics over
3,000 years spurred a vast array of art styles.
Top: Stela of Neferhotepfrom Thehes, Deir
el Medina, New Kingdom, 19th Dynasty
(ca. 1241-1199 BCE).

4

A Field Museum botanist is researching oca,
a principal but highly threatened crop in
the Andean highlands.
Middle: Farming family weeding oca near
Lake Titicaca.

16

Our conservation programs received nearly

$12 million to protect natural areas in South

America.

Bottom: A dormant volcano in Sierra del

Divisor, Peru.

20

A Field Museum zoologist is part of a team
that discovered a new insect breathing
mechanism similar to lung ventilation in
humans.

Museum Campus Neighbors

Shedd Aquarium Shedd Aquarium's newest
exhibit, Wild Reef — Sharks at Shedd, opens
April 15. Wild Reef immerses guests in a
Philippines coral reef system to explore the
connections among animals, habitats and
humans. Housed in a new underground wing,
it features one of the most diverse collections
of sharks in North America and 500 species
of beautiful reef fishes. For information,
visit www.sheddaquarium.org or call
312.939.2438.

Adier Planetarium It's an alien invasion!
Travel to imaginary worlds and encounter
fantastic alien life forms in the StarRider™
Theater, or search for new worlds outside our
solar system in the Sky Theater. Visit a new
temporary exhibition and family activity
center, or enter CyberSpace to explore the
possibilities of life beyond Earth. Visit
www.adlerplanetarium.org or call
312.922. STAR for information.

Museum Campus A pedestrian tunnel is now
open that links the CTA's Red Line subway
station at State and Roosevelt to the elevated
Orange and Green Lines stop nearby. Free trol-
leys will continue transporting visitors between
the Museum Campus and the train stations.

Recognizing the tunnel's proximity to the
Museum Campus, one wall depicts life forms
and events from prehistoric eras. Also look
for the Millennium Mosaic, a striking feature
composed of individually carved tiles created
by Field Museum visitors in 1999.

SPRING 2003 .M,irdi-M,iy

INTHEFIELDFEATURE

Eternal Egypt Exhibition Bridges
Beauty and Function

Tiffany Plate, Writer, Exhibitions

All Images ©Trustees ofTlie British Museum, Courtesy AFA

When The British Museum decides to lend some of its largest and most important
pieces of Egyptian art for a traveling exhibition, it's not to be taken lightly. Litera
The enormity and significance of these objects will impress even the most seasoned
museum-goer. And when you see them at The Field Museum in Eternal Egypt:
Masterworks of Ancient Art From The British Museum, you'll understand.

Book of the Dead,
Papyn4s ofNakht:
Worshiping Osiris, prove-
nance unknoum, New
Kingdom, late 18th or
early 19th Dynasty
(ca. 1336-1294 BCE).

Spanning 3,000 years, this exhibition tells how
Egypt's political transformations spurred a vast array
of glorious works of art. From a quartzite head that
once topped a 26-foot tall Amenhotep 111 statue, to
papyrus sheets from the Book of the Dead, to tradi-
tional fijnerary pieces, to Greco-Roman style
portraits. Field Museum visitors will get a broad
picture of the artistic and anthropological histories
of these works.

Most of the 144 pieces in Eternal Egypt were
made to worship the gods, immortalize a person
or event, or guide the deceased in the afterlife. In
essence, what we now view as art was first fiinc-
tional, integrated into every aspect of expression
and daily life.

Changing politics, changing art styles

Note: All dates are approximate.

Many objects highlight the various dynasties and
time periods that witnessed significant changes in

artistic styles. In the Predynastic period (5000—3100
BCE), a pre-unified Egypt was developing many
artistic conventions that would remain for thou-
sands of years, including symbolic images,
hieroglyphic writing and the grid system used to
transfer paintings onto three-dimensional objects.
You'll see rare examples in the exhibition of the
artist at work, such as the drawing board pictured
on page 3.

When Menes, Egypt's first ruler, united Upper
and Lower Egypt, a strong central government sup-
ported the work of scribes, sculptors and other
artists and encouraged new artistic methods. The
familiar seated and standing figures became well
established during this time. Later, in the Old
Kingdom period (2686—2181 BCE), pharaohs
employed teams of skilled crafbmen to create mon-
uments in their honor. Khufii, for example, built
the Great Pyramid at Giza, and his son Khafre

IN THE FIELD

erected the Great Sphinx. One supple, sophisti-
cated carved nude figure in the exhibition is a
striking representation of a high official.

When Egypt experienced a major political
breakdown around 2181 BCE, art also disinte-
grated into less refined, more provincial styles.
Civil and political turmoil were reflected in
Egypt's art during two later phases as well.
Historically supported by the reigning pharaohs,
artistic production waned, and surviving objects
are relatively rare.

Under Amenhotep III, who ruled peacefully
and powerfully during Egypt's political and artistic
peak, creative styles became increasingly cos-
mopolitan and lavish. He expanded the great
Temple of Amun at Karnak and built its counter-
part at Luxor. This construction boom of the New
Kingdom Empire (1550-1069 BCE) gave rise to a
middle class of independent craftsmen who could
change their status through their artistic or mili-
tary ability. A treasure in the exhibition from this
era is a stately, life-sized red granite lion, one of a
pair that was originally inscribed to Amenhotep
III with "The good god, lion of rulers."

Akhenaten, Amenhotep Ill's son, dramatically
changed the old polytheistic religion to focus on
the sun god, Aten, and the royal family. A new
aesthetic broke many conventions in imagery and
style, but Akhenaten's edicts were quickly over-
thrown once Tutankhamun, his successor, came into
powder. Between 1 295 BCE and the 7th century,
an elaborate decorative style characteristic of the
Ramesside period gave way to a conscious revival
of the older, sparer concept of "proper Egyptian
art" during the Saite renaissance. The exhibition
concludes with the Ptolemaic period,
which blended in Greco-Roman features
and styles. Look for a funerary stela, an
upright stone with text and pictures, of
Cleopatra's high priest.

The Field Museum's take
on Eternal Egypt

Because the exhibition leans heavily on
the archaeological record. The Field
Museum's design team has illuminated
major themes from each time period to
make the significance of the art more
understandable. During the Middle
Kingdom (2040-1650 BCE), for exam-
ple, pharaohs were shown with
care-worn expressions, reflecting the
political instability that ended the Old
Kingdom. Though still divine, pharaohs
were no longer serene, but somber stew-
ards of the burden of kingship. One
superb example in the exhibition is a
statue of Sesostris III, one of The British
Museum's most well known Egyptian statues

The exhibition also explores the
critical function of hieroglyphs. To
some, the symbols may seem merely
aesthetic, but they were first and
foremost a functional writing sys-
tem that could serve magical
purposes as well, imbuing an object
with a spiritual life. Hieroglyphic
texts include prayers for the
deceased, stories of great heroes or
events and praise for the gods.

Working with Robert Ritner,
associate professor of Egyptology at
the Oriental Institute, the exhibi-
tion team has translated hieroglyphs
from three funerary stelae. Visitors
will see a section of text high-
lighted, then hear the English
translations. As the hieroglyphs
speak for the dead, visitors get a
comprehensive picture of the art's
function as well as appeal. ITF

Eternal Egypt mil be on view at The

Field Museum April 25 through Aug.

10. For further reading, purchase the

exhibition catalog, Eternal Egypt:

Masterworks of Ancient Art From The British

Museum, by Edna Russman, in the Museum stores.

This exhibition is organized by the American Federation of Arts and

The British Museum.

The exhibition and its national tour are made possible by Ford Motor Company.

Ford has also provided additional support for this venue.

The Chicago presentation is made possible through the generous support

of LaSalle Banl<.

Additional support has been provided by the Benefactors Circle of the AFA.

.^a^jfj^jy

Panel portrait of a
woman, said to he
from er-Rubayat,
Roman Period
(ca.AD 160-170).

Drawing board, provenance unknown. New Kingdom, 1 8th
Dynasty (ca. 1475 BCE).

SPRING 2003 March-May

IjN field

infETSsmnvii

fcVf Hmslni'illcr, Ahhoit Lihoiatorics Ad

Imagin^^W^JAeat the same food day after day. M^a^B tiny taste of this experi-
.ence wh^Bgl^ey leftovers dominate the weeks follov^^rrnanksgiving, but it is a daily
reality ^p|^*py peoples around the world. Boredom is not the only issue. In crop
't>lants,Tm^SPteity can lIso'iTvean vulnerability. The Irish potato famine, for example,
resulted from cultivating genetically identical potatoes with no resistance to the blight
fungus that plagued tf*'''*^ "^ "'' *'' -*-

Farming family near
Pisac with its oca
harvest.

Thousands of kinds of potatoes grow in the Andes
Mountains, the crop's homeland. Andean farmers
also grow other tuber crops that are cultivated
and eaten similarly to potatoes. One is oca (OxaUs
tuberosa), whose tubers look like elongated spuds.
Tubers, which are technically stems, not roots, are the
preeminent staple in rural highland communities
throughout Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. Growing
many species and a variety within each species helps
reduce risk and improve food security.

Ancient Andean people succeeded in wresting
food from the soil in the highland's harsh, unpre-
dictable climate. Rather than "putting all their e^s
into one basket," they domesticated a dizzying
array of crop plants, some of which, like the
potato, have attained worldwide importance. This
agricultural system formed the foundation for the
Inca Empire and earlier Andean civilizations. Oca
might be among the oldest of Andean crops. Tubers
said to be almost 10,000 years old were uncovered
in Peru's Guitarrero Cave, a famous site that con-

tains some of the most ancient signs of agriculture
in South America. Most tuber remains don't pre-
serve well, so other archaeological evidence of
oca is scanty.

Diversity in danger?

Although we see an increasing variety in our super-
markets, this wealth disguises an irreplaceable
decrease in crop diversity worldvwde. Decades ago,
scientists became concerned about genetic losses in
traditional crop varieties, which, along with related
wild species, harbor genes that could improve the
crop's qualitv', yield or pest resistance. Seed banks
now hold precious genetic material in trust, but
they cannot hold it all. In the Andes, as farmers
adopt newer, high-yielding varieties, will older,
genetically diverse kinds be abandoned? Will diverse
native crops be replaced with more marketable ones
as roads and markets join remote areas? What wild
crop relatives will remain as cloud forests are cut
and burned?

IN THE FIELD

It is difficult to conserve oca crops when so little
is known about their origin, relatives and the envi-
ronmental and social factors that affect their
diversity. In Chicago, we are familiar with only a
few Oxalis species sold as "shamrocks." On the con-
trary, there are hundreds of Oxalis species in Solith
America — from succulent herbs to scraggly shrubs,
from tiny bulbs to long, clambering vines — and
their taxonomy and evolutionary relationships are
still being worked out. Some Oxalis species occupy
very small ranges, and many species have yet to be
discovered because of the Andes' seclusion.

From DNA fingerprints
to conservation blueprints

My research aims to provide data needed to conserve
oca and its wild relatives. I study wild species col-
lected in Bolivia, Peru and Argentina to determine
their evolutionary relationships and find out which
ones are most closely related to oca. I've confirmed
earlier reports that oca has eight chromosome sets,
while most of its allies have only two sets. My DNA
studies have shown that oca is probably a hybrid, and
I have identified the probable wild ancestors.

I visited three communities in southern Peru
near the famous Inca ruins of Pisac. Clusters of
adobe houses are surrounded by small fields reaching
above 4,100 meters (13,500 feet) in elevation that
are cultivated using the ancient Andean footplow,
or chakitaklla. Through interviews in Spanish and
Quechua (the Incan language), I asked about the
different kinds of oca, their names, uses and quali-
ties: Which are preferred for sweetness or floury
texture, require longer cooking time, last longer in
storage, and are more resistant to pests or drought?
I asked how farmers select seeds, acquire new kinds
and exchange varieties among families and commu-
nities. AH of these practices can influence the crop's
continuing evolution.

Studying how people classify plants can also clar-
ify how they manage them. Quechua people use
colorful names, such as "puma's paw," "llama's nose"
or "pig poop" for different potato varieties. One
oca variety is called "drunk," after a drunkard's red
nose, and another is called "naked rooster," alluding
to an arrogant person who really possesses nothing.
But does assimilation cause loss of knowledge of
oca varieties? One isolated village near Pisac seems
to retain more traditional culture. My observations
suggest that the village uses its oca names more

777/s diverse array of oca tubers was cultivated by one
farming family.

consistently, knows more about their traits and
grows a greater diversity.

Currently, I am comparing the farmers' names of
oca varieties with their DNA fingerprints. Will the
tubers that farmers use in different ways be
reflected in dissimilar fingerprints? On the other
hand, some tubers from different areas look alike,
and may or may not have the same name. If the
fingerprints show that they are genetically identical,
this will inform us about how tubers are exchanged
among communities.

Since the Andean region is extremely variable,
we cannot generalize about how various environ-
mental or social factors affect oca's diversity. Hail,
drought or firost often ruin oca crops near Lake
Titicaca. On the humid eastern edge of the Andes,
however, farmers contend instead with crop diseases
and seemingly depend more on oca, perhaps
because moisture promotes blighted potatoes. To
really understand what influences oca diversity and,
eventually, build solid conservation plans, we need
to study other areas of the Andes.

Is it possible for people to retain their traditional
knowledge of crop diversity, even as they have
increasing contact with the outside world?
Understanding how Andean agricultural practices
affect genetic diversity can help us slow the loss of
these precious resources for future generations in
the Andes. ITF

Eve Emshwiller's research has been generously supported
by Abbott Laboratories.

Below: Oca terraces on the misty
eastern Andean flank.

Left -.These girls saw me "picking"
wild Oxalis species and offered their
own contribution.

SPRING 2003 Mardi-Md: 5

IN I in-FIELDNEWS

Field Museum Plays Key Role
in Mapping Tree of Life

Greg Borzo, Media Manager, Academic Affairs

An ambitious, multi-disciplinary, 15- to 20-year program to fill in and flesh out the

Tree of Life was recently launched by the National Science Foundation (NSF).

Field Museum scientists will serve as principal investigators on three of the

seven grants awarded around the globe to construct a new framework for

understanding the evolutionary relationships between all species, extinct

and living. These three projects represent more than half of the $12 million

awarded for the first year of the Assembling the Tree of Life (AToL) program.

Tlie early bird in this
picture has fottiid a
cladogram, or a branching
diagram that shows the
ewh itionary relatiotish ips
between differetit groups
of animals.

Darwin's inspired vision of a grand
Tree of Life, "with its ever-branching
and beautiful ramifications," has chal-
lenged scientists for generations. He
speculated that all life forms — from the smallest
microorganism to the largest vertebrate — are
genetically related in an immense evolutionary tree.
That imagery has prompted scientists to classify all
organisms into groups and discern relationships that
explain their similarities and differences. Today,
many branches remain unanalyzed, even unkno\vn,
and AToL will address this problem.

"Progress in many research areas, from
genomics to evolution, is being encumbered by
the lack of a rigorous framework of evolutionary
relationships," said Shannon Hackett, Ph.D., Field
Museum assistant curator of birds. "The concep-
tual, computational and technological tools are
now available to resolve most, if not all, major
branches of the Tree of Life."

Phylogenetic information has proved usefijl in
many ways, such as helping scientists focus biological
research; track the origin and spread of diseases;
develop new medicines and agrochemical products;
conserve species; control invasive species biologically;
and restore ecosystems.

AToL's task will require a sustained effort by scien-
tists working across the world and across disciplines,
including ta.xonomy, paleontology, phylogenetics,
computer science, statistics, anthropology, ecology,
physiology, and developmental and molecular biology.

Programs in which Field Museum
scientists will participate

Early Bird ($2 mUUor\)

Early Bird will determine the evolutionary relation-
ships among major groups of birds to help organize
and understand the vast information already available
on avian ecology, evolution, physiology and behavior.
The project will generate DNA sequence data for
all major avian lineages and analyze this evidence to
determine patterns and evolutionary relationships.
The results wOl be posted on a website accessible to
researchers and the general public.

"Birds are among the most prominent and engag-
ing creatures in most ecosystems," said Hackett. "The
extraordinary number and diversity of scientific
studies on birds figure largely in our understanding
of the natural world and humanity's place in it.

"Birds' position high in many food chains,
together with their great mobility, make them
sensitive indicators of environmental quality," she
added. "Furthermore, the monitoring of bird
populations is widely used to set conservation
and management priorities."

Spider Phylogeny ($2.7 mUiion)

This project will produce a map of the deepest
branches of spider relationships by combining nev/
comparative genomic data with new and re-assessed
data on morphology and behavior.

Spider fossils date back 380 million years, and
there are more than 37,500 described species today.
Without spiders, insect pest populations would soar,
and humans would be greatly affected.

"We'll sequence the DNA and assemble morpho-
logical and behavioral data of representative samples
of at least 500 genera of spiders," said Petra Sierwald,
Ph.D., Field Museum assistant curator of insects.
"Then we'll combine and analyze the resulting large
data matrices using new computer software."

Archosaur Phylogeny ($2 million)

This project will attempt to uncover the evolution-
ary patterns among archosaurs, which vary
tremendously from marine crocodiles to birds.
Archosaurs may be the most dominant group of
terrestrial vertebrates fi-om the Triassic to the pre-
sent, but few scientists have studied the relationships
between major groups of these animals. Many
tantalizing questions — such as the exact origin
of modern birds — remain to be answered.

Working with Early Bird, scientists will create a
supermatri.x of molecular and morphological data
from specimens in collections worldwide. This will
form the core of an interactive online database of
systematic data, images, literature and links to
other databases. ITF

For information about AToL, visit umii'.nsf.gov /bio /pubs /awards/ atol_02.htm.

IN THE FIELD

YOURGUIDETOTHE FIELD

Calendar of Events for Spring 2003 March-May

Insidet ; E»'

Eternity Held
Captive: The Social
and Religious
Context of
Egyptian Art

Lecture

Robert Ritner,

Tlie Oriental Institute —

77;e University oj Chicago

Discover how the sculptures, wall
carvings and paintings of
ancient Egypt held a
power far beyond
that of simple deco-
ration. These
artworks ensured
the survival of the
gods, the state, the
king and Egyptians
themselves. Examine
the role of art in
Egyptian society,
including the reli-
gious concepts that
it expressed and the
artistic conventions
it employed.

Saturday, April 26, 2pm

$12, students /educators $10,
members $8

See Family Programs inside for an
exciting series of hands-on workshops about
Egyptian art.

New Exhibition-
Eternal Egypt:
Master works
of Ancient Art From
The British Museum

April 25-Aug. 10, 2003

See magnificent treasures from 3,000 years of ancient Egypt.

In Eternal Egypt: Masterworks of Aticient Art From
The British Museum, you'll see 144 stunning artworks
drawn from the world's most important collection
of Egyptian art outside Cairo.

Ancient Egypt was not only one of the world's earliest and
longest-lasting civilizations, it was also among the most cre-
ative in human history. Walk among colossal stone sculptures,
golden mummy masks and delicate papyrus scrolls as you
travel the full length of this remarkable civilization and trace
its cultural and artistic achievements.

From the first pharaohs in 3100 BCE through the Roman
occupation that began more than 3,000 years later, this epic
exhibition lets you explore the delicate balance of tradition and
innovation that is a hallmark of Egyptian culture and art. Along
the way, you'll learn about the Egyptian artist's creative process,
liie role of art in magic and the close connection between writing
and art.

Come discover the secrets of one of the world's most enduring civilizations.

This exhibition is organized by the American Federation of Arts and The British Museum.

The exhibition and its national tour are made possible by Ford Motor Company.
Ford has also provided additional suppor* for this venue.

The Chicago presentation is made possible through the generous support of LaSalle Bank.

Additional support has been provided by the Benefactors Circle of the AFA.

DETAIL OF MUMMY MASK OF SATDJEHUTY. ©TRUSTEES Of THE BBITtSH MUSEUM. COURTESY AFA

fe

Field

useum

General Museum Information: 312.922.9410

Family and Adult Program Tickets and Information: 312.665.7400

SPRING 2003 March-May

Your Guide to the Field: Calendar of Events for Spring 2003 March-May

Hit a home run with a visit
to The Field IVIuseum.

BASEBALL

*AS AMERICA*

TJirouohJuly 20, 2003

Shoeless Joe's shoes. Babe's bat. Jackie's
jersey. See the stuff of legends and discover
ho\N our cherished national pastime embodies
the American spirit.

Drawn from the collections of The National
Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, 500 arti-
facts show how baseball mirrors our nation's
values, struggles, triumphs and aspirations.
Celebrate good times, great feats and legendary
heroes when you rediscover this beloved sport
through the lenses of history, science, economics
and popular culture.

Baseball As America is a specially ticketed
exhibition.

This exhibition is organized by The National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum,
Cooperstown, New York.

The national tour of Baseball As America is sponsored by Ernst & Young.

COURTESY NATIONAL BASEBALL HALL OF FAME AND MUSEI

Beyond
the Diamond:
Baseball and
American Culture
Lecture Series

Explore baseball's history, legends, science and
impact on American culture through this captivating
lecture series.

Indit'idual lectures: $12, students /educators $10, members $8.
Tickets to any three lectures (save 15 percent):
$30, students /educators $25, members $20.

This program is presented by The Field Museum in collaboration with The Humanities
Laboratory at the University of Illinois at Chicago.

7

Here's the Pitch:

Baseball and Product Endorsements

Dr. Roberta Newman, NewYork University

Discover the powerful intersection between baseball, product
endorsements and American iconography as you examine how
some of baseball's most successful pitchmen have symbolized
the ideals of their era.

Tuesday, March 4, 6pm
Exclusion in Baseball

Panelists: Dr Manning; Marahle, Suzan Shown Harjo,
Tony Castro, Drjohti Hobcrman

Join us for a panel discussion to explore how ethnic diversity on
baseball rosters has helped the game evolve Into a world sport.
Tt4esday, March 1 1, 6pm

Body Image of the Baseball Player

Dk Sander Gilman, Humanities Laboratory, University of Illinois
at Chicago

See how our cultural attitudes about physique are reflected on the base-
ball diamond and in depictions of ball players in literature and film.

Tiitirsday, March 13, 6pm
Gender and Baseball

Christine Shelton, Smith College

From the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League in
WWII to opening the Little League to girls In 1974, examine the
history that women have had with our national pastime.
Tuesday, March 25, 6pm

General Museum Information: 312.922.9410; Family and Adult Program Tickets and Information: 312.665.7400

Physics and the Science of Baseball

Dr. Robert Adair,Y'ale Uiiit'crsity

Join a physicist wiio worl<ed for the IMational League to find out
how ball clubs increase their competitive edge by exploiting the
scientific principles that affect the game.

Tuesday, April 8, Spin

Media and Baseball

Jerome Holtzniati, Baseball Writer
and Historian

Meet the man who was
designated as the "Official Historian
for Major League Baseball" by
Baseball Commissioner Bud Selig.
Bring all your baseball questions to
the expert!

Tuesday, April 15, 6pm

A Whole New Ball Game: The Changing Culture
of Professional Baseball

Dr. George Gmelch, Union College, Schenectady, NY

From the social dynamics of the team bus to the growth of
major league salaries, explore how the culture of baseball
has changed in the past 40 years.

Tuesday, April 22, 6pm

Ballpark Tours

Get a behind-the-scenes look at Chicago's famous
ballparks. You'll experience the dugouts, press
boxes and (weather permitting) playing fields
through a specially guided tour. At Wrigley
Field, you'll also see the clubhouse. Feel
free to bring your cameras, baseballs and
mitts along. Afterward, return to The
Field Museum to explore the Baseball As
America exhibition on your own and
receive a surprise souvenir.

Wrigley Field

Saturday, May 1 7,
9am— 2pm

$45, members $38

Comiskey Park

Satnrday, May 3i,

9am— 2pm

$45, members $38

Each trip meets at The
Field Museum. Trolleys
will transport you to
and from the ballparks.

COURTESY NATIONAL BASEBALL HALL OF FAME AND MUSEUM

Celebrate Earth
Month with us!

This April, learn more about our precious environ-
ment through exhibitions, stories and scientific
demonstrations. Ask for a schedule of each day's
activities at the Information Desk.

Mark your calendars now for these unique events:

10 Major Risks to the World and Life as We Know It

Speaker Event

Stephen Petranek, Editor-in-Chief, Discover

^^^ Join us for a provocative evening you'll not

^^^^ soon forget. The world's leading science mag-
^^^^H azine, Discover, has developed a list of 10
^H^^p ways that the world could end tomorrow, as
^^^^K^ well as 10 other calamities that threaten the
^^^^^^^^ human race. These threats are woven into the
^V Sj^^^l physics of how our universe operates, such as
Earth's propensity to reverse its magnetic
poles. Petranek will discuss these doomsday scenarios and how
we could prevent them.
Thursday, April W, 7pm
$20, students /educators $18, members $15

BioBlitz: Finding Nature
Amidst the Smokestacks

Panel Discussion

Find out what more than 100 scientists
discovered last summer when they gath-
ered in Chicago's Lake Calumet region
to see how many species they could spot
in 24 hours.

Saturday, April 12, 2:30pm
Free with Museum admission

Soil Science and Wiggling Worms

Family Workshop

Andy Hershberger, TFM Education Dept.

They squirm, wiggle, shimmy and wag ... they're
worms! Meet these often misunderstood creatures up close
to find out how they keep soil healthy.

Saturday, April 5

Families with children ages 5—8, 10— 11:30am
Families with children ages 9-12, noon— 1:30pm
$10 per person, members $8

SPRING 2003 .\Inrcli-M.iy

Ancient Egypt Family Series

Travel back in time to ancient Egypt with four
fun family workshops. Enjoy this program as
a series or register for individual
programs.

Families mth children

ages 7—12

Series: $36 per person,

tnenibers $28.

Individual

workshops:

$10 per person,

members $8.

Writing in Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphs

Bob Cantu, TFM Education Dept.

Unlock the mysteries of a 4,000-year-old language!
Practice writing with reeds and natural inks on papyrus.

Saturday, April 12, 10am— noon

Profile Vision: Drawing Styles of Ancient Egypt

Li: Cruder, TFM Education Dept.

« • Learn how to draw like the ancient Egyptians.
Decipher paintings, mix colors and create your
own work of art.

,'M

/

Saturday, April 19, lOain-noon

Lectu res

The 100-Year Quest for the Giant Sable of Angola

John Frederick Walker, Journahst

Search for the endangered giant sable of Angola, a coal
black antelope with majestic five-foot-long horns that has
been trapped in a war zone for 27 years. Share the excite-
ment of a post-war expedition that confirmed its survival.

Saturday, April 5, 3pm

$10, students /educators $8, members $7

iUkkk

Lecture Series

The Minds of Monkeys and Apes

Dr Dorothy L. Cheney and Dr. Robert M. Seyfarth,
University of Pennsylvania

Find out what the language and behavior of apes reveal
about the minds of human children. Two primatolo-
gists detail how their research on baboons in
Botswana offers insight into human cognition.

r*^

Tuesday, April 29, 7pm

$18, students /educators $15, members $12

Presented in collaboration with the Leakey Foundation.

Smith Symposium 2003: Birds in Focus

Don't miss the keynote address by David A. Sibley, the
renowned naturalist, birder, artist and author of the Sibley
Field Guide Series.

Saturday, May 3, at Ryerson IVoods, Dcerficid, III.
Call 84 7. 968.332 1 for details.

The Field Museum is collaborating with the Friends of Ryerson Woods, the Lake
County Forest Preserves and other partners to present this off-site program.

•>«irrem ema^peommg temp*
vAvwfieldmuseum.org or call 3

Some dates may change,
the date of your visit nears;

Creating Art, Building Communities:
Joliet and Friends of Community
Public Art
Through July 6, 2003

Baseball As America

Through July 20, 2003

Modern People, Traditional Path:
Figurines From Cochiti Pueblo

Through August 10, 2003

Ancient Egyptian Gods and Goddesses

Liz Cruiser, TFM Education Dept.

Find out who's who among ancient Egypt's many gods and
goddesses through artworl<s and age-old stories.

Saturday, April 26, lOaiii—nooii

Ancient Egypt in 3-D: Sculptures and Reliefs

Heather H/nj, Riverside Art Center

How did the Egyptians mal<e their sculptures and wall carvings?
How did these pieces last for thousands of years? Encounter the won-
ders of ancient Egyptian sculpture and carve your own masterpiece.

Saturday, May 3, Warn— noon

Fieldtrips

Fossil Hunt at Mazon Creek

Dai'e Doiak, Columbia Collcoc

Do you like to hunt fossils? Come with us to the world-famous Mazon
Creek site to discover what Illinois was like more than 300 million
years ago! Plan on a one-quarter mile walk to fossil locations.
Families with children
ages 7—12 ^^^^^r-

Saturday, March 29
or Saturday, April 12
(Choose one date.)
Sam— 3pm
$38 per person,
members $27

Fieldtrips

Spring Bird Watching: Bald Eagles

Alan Anderson, Naturalist

Behold the powerful and handsome birds that are our national
symbol. We'll journey to the Illinois banks of the Mississippi River,
which attract more bald eagles than any other location
south of Alaska. Bus trip is 3.5 hours each way.

Saturday, March 8, 6am— 6pm
$60, members $50

The Field Museum salutes the people of Chicago for their long-standing, generous support of the
Museum through the Chicago Park District. In addition, Museum programs are partially supported
by the Illinois Department of Natural Resources and Illinois State Museum; by the Institute of
Museum and Library Services, a federal agency; by the Illinois Arts Council, a state agency; and
by a CityArts Program 4 Grant from the City of Chicago Department of Cultural Affairs.

Courses and Workshops

An Introduction to the Land of the Pharaohs

John Larson, Tlie Oriental Institute— The University of Chicago

Discover how ancient Egyptians thought about the world, learn
about their culture and explore the legacies of this incredible civi-
lization. Class includes viewings of the Egyptian Gallery at the
Oriental Institute and Eternal Egypt and Inside Ancient Egypt at
The Field Museum.

Wednesdays, April 9-23, 6:30- 8:30pm at OI
Wednesdays, April 30- May 14, 6:30- 8:30pm at TFM
$115, TFM or OI members $100

Behind the Scenes — Pacific Islands:
The Story of Our Collection

John Terrell and Chris Philipp, TFM Anthropology Dept.

Join us for a curator-led tour that starts in our exhibition halls
and then goes behind the scenes to explore one of the world's
premiere collections of artifacts from the Pacific Islands.

Wednesday, May 21, 6pm
$15, members $12

TimmmmMmmbrwmMmmaasmam

Eternal Egypt: Masterworks of Ancient Art
From The British Museum

April 25-August 10, 2003

Eviction and Homecoming: The Story of
Brazil's Kranhacarore Indians

September 12, 2003 -February 8, 2004

Einstein

October 17, 2003-January 5, 2004

CATHRVN SCOTT/90«57104

Family Workshops

The Two of Us

Liz Cruger, TFM Education Dept.

Travel the Museum's exhibition halls, hear
stories, touch objects, make art projects and
enjoy snacks. Topics include birds, fossils,
turtles, the Aztecs and more!

Families with children ages 3—5

Tuesdays, April 1—May 20

10— 11:30am or 1:30— 3pm (Choose one time.)

$95 per child, $80 per member child

For each child, one adult attends at no charge.

Behind the Scenes: Botany

Eve Emshwiller, TFM Botany Dept.

Explore 2.6 million incredible
otany specimens. Wow! Join
Field Museum botanist to dis-
cover how this vast collection is
used to learn about plants from
all over the world.

Families with children ages 7-14
Friday, May 16, 6- 8pm
S 15 per person, members $12

Making Nature Connections for Children

^David Stokes, Naturalist and Environmental Educator

Expand your skills for teaching children about nature and the
environment. Learn how to use songs, stories, riddles, humor
and multisensory activities to engage young minds. This
course is part of the Naturalist Certificate Program.

Friday, May 16, 6— 9pm,

Saturday, May 17, 9— 5pm, and Sunday, May 18, noon— 5pm

$155, metnbers $125

All sessions meet at North Park Village Nature Center,

5801 N. Pulaski

m

Plan Ahead for Summer Camp

Summer Worlds Tour 2003: Unlock the Mysteries

Don't miss the exciting and unique summer camp organized
collectively by The Field Museum, Adier Planetarium and Shedd
Aquarium. Examine Egyptian hieroglyphs, meet sharks from trop-
ical waters and investigate the possibilities of life in outer space.
This summer camp is as educational as it is fun!

Children (3(j« 5—W years old
Weekdays, 8: 3 0am~3pw

Choose from one of four weck-loiii; sessions:
July 7-11 July {4-18, July 21-25, or July 28-Au(;. I
Beginnin^i in March, rei^ister rhrough tlie Adler Planetarium
at 312.322.0329 or wu>ii'.adlerplanetarium.orf;/canip.

$220 per child, members $200

NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC

Series Offers a World of Adventure

Find adventure, insight and inspiration through encounters with the world's top explorers, photog-

Eers, scientists and writers. Following on last year's tremendous success, The Field Museum is
again collaborating with IMational Geographic to present Live. ..from National Geographic.
dual events: $24;TFM, \'G and Geographic Society of (Chicago members S2 2; students SI 5.
>er discounts at^ailable only on advanced ticket purchases and not at the door - —

lercent discount is available for groups of 10 or more with pre-registration.

Orangutans to Flying Frogs:
Treasures of the Asian Rain Forest

'^"^jyl Knott, Biological .Antlnopologist ,

T/Vf/ lAunan, Biologist and Photographer

'ramatic photos of the rain forest's most curious creatures,
lear the adventures of a husband-and-wife team who study
I the rain forest canopy.

ay, March 18, 7:30pm

Everest: 50 Years Later

11145 April 18 speaker event is sold out. You may watch

■ying Everest on Sunday, April 27, at 8pm on the National
:aphic Channel.

Becoming Human '^ i

Donald Jolianson,
Paleoaiithropologist

Ponder our human origins '•■\

with the scientist who discov- ^
ered the famous "Lucy," a >

3.2-million-year-old skeleton that
caused anthropologists to rethink the
human family tree.

Tuesday, May 6, 7:30pm

live. ..from National Geographic and the educational outreaeh activities related to tiie series are ..
presented in collaboration with The Field Museum, the Geographic Society of Chicago, the ';

National Geographic Education Foundation and the Illinois Geographic Alliance. These events are
made possible in part by the generous support of American International Group, inc., a:ci ■'
sponsors Pioneer Press and Chicago Public Radio.

Explore the artwork

of two unique communities.

Modern People,
Traditional Path: Figurines
From Cochiti Pueblo

77iroH^/» Aug. 10, 2003

Enjoy the playful social
commentary of artists
who are blending con-
temporary American
culture with a traditional
art form. See clay sculp-
tures of bikers, tourists
and celebrities made by
Cochiti potters, espe-
cially known for their
"storyteller" figurines of
women with children on
their laps.

Artists at the Field

Cochiti potter Janice Ortiz will demonstrate sculpting techniques
and discuss her family's work and history.

Saturday— Sunday, March 15—16, 11am— 2pm
Free with Museum admission

Creating Art,
Building Communities:
Joliet and Friends of
Community Public Art

Tliroughjuly 6, 2003

Discover the public art movement that may be
Joliet's best kept secret. Since 1990, a group of
nationally and internationally recognized artists has
created more than 100 murals, mosaics and sculp-
tures in public places throughout
the city. Explore Joliet's his-
tory through scale models
of these colorful works.

This exhibition was developed by The Field
Musetjni in collaboration with Friends of
CommtMii^ Public Art in Joliet, Illinois.

Getting Here: with construction under way at nearby Soldier Field, your
usual route to The Field Museum may have changed. Visit www.fieldmuseum.org
for the latest information on parking, free trolleys and public transit

Hours: 9am-5pm daily. Last admission at 4pm.

To get tickets: Baseball As America and Eternal Egypt are specially ticketed exhibitions.
Member passes can be reserved in advance by calling Ticketmaster at 312.902.1500 (service
charges apply) or coming to the membership desk near the Museum's south entrance (no service
charges). Non-member tickets can also be reserved in advance through Ticketmaster or in person at
the Museum's admission desks. Day-of tickets are available at the Museum while supplies last

Accessibility: Visitors using wrtieelchairs or strollers may be dropped off at the west entrance.
Handicapped parking and wheelchairs are available on a first-come, first-served basis. Call
312.665.7400 to check on the accessibility of programs that take place outside of the Museum.

Information: 312.922.9410 orwww.fieldmuseum.org

14 IN THE FIELD CALENDAR

SCIENTIST'SPICK

They're like Pac Man on caffeine. Although more conspicuous snakes such as boas gradually
engulf their prey, blindsnakes — about the diameter of spaghetti — gobble their prey, their jaws
moving a startling four times per second.

Blindsnakes are the sister group to all other living snakes, but little is known about their
basic biology. Whereas bigger snakes typically consume large, furry mammals, blindsnakes
eat tiny termites and ant brood. Even more puzzling is that there are major differences in
the jaw machinery between each of the three blindsnake families. While one family, for
example, is toothless on top with a flexible, toothed lower jaw, another family is built com-
pletely the opposite.

Nate Kley, who chose this Scientist's Pick, is using high-speed video, x-ray video and high-
power microscopes to understand the mandible mechanics of these miniscule munchers. Boas
"walk" over their prey, their jaws stepping forward in opposition. One blindsnake family, how-
ever, "gallops," shooting its jaws outward, rotating the teeth forward and then scooping the
food in. It's a quandary, but one that scientists are eager to unravel to help better understand
snake evolution. Visit http://marlin.bio.umass.edu/biology/brainerd/kleyvids.html for video clips
of blindsnakes at work.

Kley is the John Caldwell Meeker postdoctoral fellow in geology. While it is generally agreed
that snakes and lizards are related, there's little consensus about how. Kley, along with Olivier
Rieppel, chair of geology, and Maureen Kearney, assistant curator in zoology, will be investi-
gating their evolutionary affinities from a molecular perspective, as opposed to the more
common morphological approach.

SPRING 2003 March-May

15

INTHEI-IELDNEWS

Moore Foundation Awards Nearly $12 Million
to South American Conservation Programs

By the Staff of the Eiiviwmnental
and Conservation Programs

The Field Museum's Department

of Environmental and

Conservations Programs (ECP)

has received two significant

grants from the Gordon and

Betty Moore Foundation to v^/ork

to ensure lasting conservation for

outstanding natural areas in

South America. The first grant

for $1 million supports the implementation and

management of Parque Nacional Cordillera Azu

(PIMCAZ) in central Peru for its first two years.

(See May-June 2001 In the Field for a story on the

park.) The second grant for $10.8 million will enable

ECP to roll out a matrix of conservation initiatives in

other high-priority sites in the Andes and Amazonia.

$1 million to PNCAZ

The heart of PNCAZ is a mix of moun-
tain crests, sheer rock cHffs, broad lowland
valleys, high-elevation marshes and isolated
lakes. This huge diversity of habitats and
the richness of their associated plant and
animal species are striking. Roughly the
size of Connecticut, the park is large
enough to protect entire biological
communities — many of them globally
endangered — and the natural processes
that are critical to sustaining them.

The Field Museum provides technical
support to CIMA, a Peruvian conservation
organization dedicated to managing the

park and its buffer zone. CIMA is developing the Plan Maestro, a comprehensive
management plan. It is also hiring and training park guards and other employees
and engaging neighboring communities in creating and implementing the plan.

As part of our efforts to involve neighboring communities, ECP is collaborat-
ing with the Museum's Center for Cultural Understanding and Change
(CCUC) to conduct asset mapping, an inventory of the organizational and cul-
tural strengths of each community surrounding the park. In a recent workshop,
selected residents from 53 of the 57 nearby communities were trained to facili-
tate asset mapping. The results will identify entry points for building long-term
relationships that lead to conservation contracts and to economic activities that
are anchored in the local ecology and culture. Opportunities that support the park
while also economically benefiting the communities include direct employment in
the park, diversified family plots, agroforestry, ecotourism and reforestation with
native trees.

Cordillera Azul, Peru (1.35 miUion
hectares, 5,212 square miles)

16 IN THE FIELD

Yavari, Peru (1.12 iiiillioii
hectares, 4,324 square miles)

5

$10.8 million for the Andes and Amazonia

The second grant from the Moore Foundation will enable ECP and its
collaborators to create additional critical refuges for biodiversity in the
Andes and Amazonia and to build a base for lasting conservation in four
regions of South America. The Moore-funded programs cover the next
five years and fall into three categories.

(1) Survey areas for conservation value and for potential
creation of new protected areas

Field Museum scientists and their in-country and international collabora-
tors will conduct rapid biological and social inventories to identify

biologically rich landscapes in need of immediate protection. We
already have begun work in two sites in Pando, Bolivia, and
in Sierra del Divisor and Yavari in Peru. Sierra del
Divisor awaits final steps for becoming a new
national park that will protect ancient volcanoes
and spectacular richness at the border with Brazil.
The protected status of Yavari is also pending.

(2) Implement management of at least 1.5 mil-
lion hectares of Andes-Amazon protected areas

In addition to implementing the
new national park in Peru, ECP and
CCUC are working with the Cofan
in Ecuador to manage their ancestral
territories from the foothills of the
Andes — the site of the new Reserva
Ecologica Cofan Bermejo — to low-
land Amazonia at the border with
Peru. They are also working with
several local institutions in Pando to
establish a model for regional growth
that bases economy on ecology.

Sierra del Divisor, Peru (1.16 million
hectares, 4,478 square miles)

(3) Develop training and tools to improve local conservation management

Long-term success of our programs ultimately depends on the degree to which
local communities embrace conservation efforts as their own. ECP trains conserva-
tion professionals, community leaders and teachers
to increase local capacity for conservation action.
Moreover, ECP draws from the Museum's collec-
tions and scientific expertise to build practical
identification and management tools, including field
guides, online databases, data books, CDs of bird
voices, multi-lingual scientific reports and booklets
on ecological practices for communities.

The Moore Foundation— Field Museum collabo-
ration offers a major opportunity to unlock the
power of science in service of immediate, strategic
action for conservation. ITF

Pando, Bolivia (64,000 hectares, 241
square miles)

SPRING 2003 March-May

17

INTHEFIFLDFEATURE

Fmm Dust to Dawn:

ahter Home

JOHN WEINSTEiN/GN90531-09O

Assessing the collections
before their move into
the CRC.

John Maniatis, CRC Prep Team Member, Anthropology

"If the point is sharp, and the arrow is swift, it can pierce through the dust no matter
how thick." —Bob Dylan (1941)

For more than a year, a steady stream of artifacts has been journeying from the depths
of The Field Museum toward a brighter future in the Collections Resource Center
(CRC), where much of our anthropology, geology and zoology collections will be moved.
Now under construction on the iVluseum's southeast side, the CRC is scheduled to be
complete by the end of 2004. With collections assembled over a century's time, it's a
mammoth job to prepare for a move this significant, and during the process, there have
been countless opportunities to utter a resounding "wow."

This "wow" factor is what the CRC is all about.
The new facility, made possible by generous support
from former Governor George Ryan and the State
of lUinois, will meet exceptional standards for pre-
serving our collections and will provide essential
housing and research space. Scholars will have better
access to many collections, including ethnographic
and archaeological artifacts, rocks and paleobotanical
fossils, preser\'ed animals and oversized items such
as boats and dinosaur bones. The CRC also will
provide room for the collections to grow for
decades and will free up valuable floor space
for pubUc exhibitions in the main building.

A prep team was formed in 2001 that will
eventually dismande and move eight anthropology
storage rooms — or some 200,000 objects from
nearly 1 1,000 shelves and drawers. A recent federal
grant from Save Americas Treasures is supporting
conservation treatments for some of the North
American collections moving into the CRC.

Before the physical move, curators, collections
managers and conservators work together to assess
the collections. Curators have a deeper, more con-

te.xtual knowledge of the artifacts' sacred, cultural
or frinctional uses and may, for example, suggest that
everyday household goods not be mixed with
objects once used as weapons. Collections managers
review accessibility issues, such as w^here objects are
stored and how they are managed. Conservators are
concerned with the objects' stabUity and examine
options for ensuring their safe, appropriate transferal.

Clothed in white gloves and lab coats and armed
with flashhghts and thick stacks of inventory sheets,
the prep team began its long process. Its first assign-
ment was the Pacific Research Laboratory (PRL),
the largest anthropology collections room. From
day one, the team encountered artifacts that simply
made them say "wow." They have inventoried
12,000 spears, 1,000 paddles, 500 shields, 500 masks,
8,000 textiles, 900 bowls, 525 necklaces, 450 knives
and 28,000 other objects of varying type. They have
also updated 16,800 catalog records in the database.
And that's just one room!

The artifacts are then transferred to a workroom
for any necessary cleaning, re-housing, cataloging or
stabilizing. To date, this has been the most visible part

18

IN THE FIELD

of the process. The team can be seen cara-
vanning through the Museum on a daily
basis, their carts laden with everything
from hair combs to war clubs.

In order for the geology department
to move large storage cabinets and heavy
specimens, an old elevator needed to be
expanded and modernized. This required
serious demolition to widen the elevator
shaft and complete related construction
projects. Once these projects are finished,
transporting the geological specimens
and reusable cabinets into the CRC
wiU be fairly straightforward.

The zoology department will be
consolidating its irreplaceable alcohol
collections, now spread throughout the
main building, into the CRC. Fishes
comprise the greatest percentage of
what's moving — some 8,000 shelves of
more than 120,000 jars — followed by
reptiles and amphibians. Picture a typical
bay three feet wide that is packed, or in
some places double stacked, lA'ith jars of
all sizes. It's a tremendous effort to clean
the glass and replace old jars, lids and

gaskets. Many steel tanks require mainte-
nance, and the skeletal collections will
be inspected for pests. These research
specimens, including cleared and stained
specimens, tissue samples and DNA, and
dry-stored specimens (skeletons, shells,
skins) will be inventoried and updated
in the collections database. The actual
moving logistics are still being addressed:
Since specimen jars are sensitive to
vibration and are filled with alcohol, the
department will need to purchase special
carts and construct padding units to
ensure the jars' secure travel. Move routes
through the public areas are still being
determined.

Processing the collections has reinvig-
orated the Museum's scientific work and
our imaginations. It has also acquainted
a new generation of staff with our spec-
tacular array of objects and specimens.
Though sometimes piercing through
dust and darkness, we are swifdy moving
forward in great anticipation of the
CRC. ITF

Fishes are the zoology department's largest
collection moving to the CRC.

Corporations Joining Museum to Explore the Earth Together

What does the ideal corporate membership program at a cultural institution look like? Rather than
exploring that question from our viewpoint, we asked corporations what they wanted.

We learned that businesses want
a program that includes benefits
they can use. One that is easy to
administer, offers a range of ben-
efits for adults and children and
helps create a strong feel-good
connection for their employees.
The Field Museum's new
Corporate Relations Program,
officially launched in January, is
designed to address these needs.

Our program offers member-
ship levels starting at $5,000 and
has attractive benefits that
include:

• guest passes

• free admission for employees

• a corporate family day

• a private behind-the-scenes tour

• executive memberships

Each benefit was carefully
chosen to help corporations
develop a closer relationship
with one of the world's greatest
cultural and scientific museums.
Since corporate memberships
provide essential unrestricted
support, businesses that join are
helping to ensure the Museum's
continued scientific and educa-
tional growth while demonstrating
their commitment to Chicago
and the global community.

For information about joining the
Corporate Relations Program, call
312.665.7120.

A corporate membership to The Field Museum includes private
behind-the-scenes tours.

SPRING 2003 March-May

19

INTHEFIFl HNEWS

Researchers Exhale Sigh of Wonder
Over Insect Breathing Mechanisms

An x-ray revealed com-
pression and expansion
of the tracheal tubes in
this ground beetle,
Platynus decentis.

Greg Borzo, Media Manager, Academic Affairs

Editor's note: From the Archives was replaced with this late-breaking news.

It's like the 1989 Disney fantasy Honey, I Shrutik the Kids, but in reverse. Instead
of an electromagnetic shrinking machine condensing kids to one-quarter inch, the
synchrotron, which emits x-rays 1 billion times more powerful than a medical x-ray,
is revealing tiny bug mechanics in astonishing detail. Closing a 2,300-year-old debate
about how bugs take in air, scientists have discovered a breathing mechanism that is
analogous to lung ventilation in humans.

ground beede, house cricket and carpenter ant —
squeeze out about 50 percent of the air in their main
tracheal tubes approximately every second, roughly
equivalent to a runner on a rruld jog.

Promising new technique

Argonne National Laboratory near Lamont, Illinois,
ovi'ns the synchrotron, called the Advanced Photon
Source. With a circumference of more than a half
mile, it accelerates electrons almost to the speed of
light. With synchrotron radiation, structures that once
baffled researchers can now be analyzed precisely.

"This is the first time anyone has applied this
technology to study living insects," said co-author
Wah-Keat Lee, a physicist at Argonne.

Lee and his colleagues had examined proteins,
metals and chemical sprays with the synchrotron,
but never an animal. Coincidence drew them to a
dead ant on the floor, and what they saw astounded
them. Lee searched the Internet for a biologist who
might be interested, and he and Field Museum sci-
entists have been working together ever since.

Edge enhancement, which highlights the edges
of some internal organs, is one aspect that makes
the videos so revealing. "It's almost as if parts of
the anatomy have been outlined in pencil, like a
drawing in a coloring book," Lee explained.

This work opens up new possibilities for study-
ing how living animals function, which can have
broad implications. For example, active tracheal
breathing among insects may have played an impor-
tant role in the evolution of terrestrial locomotion
and flight, and be a prerequisite for delivering oxy-
gen to complex sensory systems and the brain, the
authors said.

"Basic principles of mammal, fish or insect
physiology and function could also have important
implications for human health care,"Westneat said.
For example, studying how larval fish move their
backbones could shed light on how to treat spinal
chord injuries in humans. Likewise, studying the
walls of blood vessels in mice and the tiny hearts
in beetles (each beede has eight to 10 hearts)
could give us clues about how to treat high
blood pressure. ITF

■^^■1

L- - 1 '■ 'i^^^mB m

■^^^^^^

Hi.... J

'Mil

VMi^- expanded
trachea

^^^^^^i " ■^^■■- ^^ __^^m

MARK WESTNEAT ■•* j

1

^

( compressed

£p5!*i4SS*S

-•ijMm»s,^*^.^t:^^^^^^^m

"This discovery could revolutionize the field of
insect physiology," said Mark Westneat, associate cura-
tor of zoology at The Field Museum and lead author
of the study published on Jan. 24 in Science magazine.

Insects don't have lungs. While scientists long
believed that air simply wafted in and out of small
openings on insects' bodies, they only recendy
learned that insects exchange oxygen through slow,
passive mechanisms, such as moving their abdomens
to force extra air into these holes.

This study further demonstrates that beedes,
crickets, ants, butterflies and other insects also actively
compress and expand their tracheae in the head and
thorax. The three species most closely studied — the

20 IN THE FIELD

MEMBERSHIP/ ANNUALFUND

Eternal Egypt Private Viewings

See magnificent treasures from 3,000 years of ancient Egypt in Eternal Egypt:
Masterworks of Ancient Art From The British Museum.

Annual Fund Preview and Reception

April 23, 6:30 to 9:30pm. For donors who contribute $250 or more. Includes a lecture.
Invitation coming soon. Reservations will be required. Call 312.665.7714 for information.

Membership Previews

April 24, 9am to 10pm, and April 27, 30, May 1 and 4, 5 to 10pm. Invitation coming
soon. Reservations will be required. Call 312.665.7700 for information.

52nd Annual Members' Nights on June 4, 5 and b

Explore areas of our vast collections
that normally are closed to the public.
Meet our anthropologists, botanists,
geologists and zoologists.

Celebrate music and dance from various

cultures.

See where our exhibitions are developed.

Participate in special activities and

presentations.

■.v'iw>animi*iir.^<faw

Your invitation and details about tickets, guest passes, parking and more will arrive soon.

Two Great Ways to Get Home Field Advantage

1. Special Packages

With wonderful amenities, great locations and a range of budget options, several Chicago-area hotels are offering special packages
and tickets for Baseball As America. Check www.fieldmuseum.org/baseball for details.

Chicago's Essex Inn

800.621.6909

The Fairmont Chicago

800.441.1414

Hotel 71

312.346.7100

Swissotel Chicago

888.737.9477

Days Inn Lincoln
Park North

773.525.7010

Fairfield Inn and Suites

312.787.3777

Four Seasons Hotel Chicago

312.280.8400

Holiday Inn
Chicago City Centre

312.787.6100

Hyatt Regency
McCormick Place

312.567.1234

Park Hyatt Chicago

312.335.1234

Tremont Hotel Chicago

312.751.1900

Whitehall Hotel

312.944.6300

2. Special Group Offer

Receive half-price tickets to a White Sox home game when you purchase 15 or more tickets to Baseball As America!
For maximum flexibility, use them any day or as individual tickets. Call 312.665.7300. Some restrictions apply.

Annual Fund Donor Appreciation Night

Thanks to all annual fund donors who attended the donor appreciation night in
November. Guests visited Chocolate, Pearls and Bamboo Masterworks, as well as
made caramel apples and met fellow donors. We look forward to welcoming new
donors this year. Call 312.665.7777 or email annualfund@fmnh.org for information.

SPRING 2003 March-May

Field Museum Tours at a Glance

For prices and other information, call Field Museum Tours at 800.811.7244 or email
fmtours@sover.net.

Empires of Indochina:
Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos

Oct. 6-27, 2003 (wait-listed)

Leader: Ben Branson, TFM curator
of Asian anthropology

Discover ancient temples, vibrant
cities, outstanding museum col-
lections, special performances and
splendid landscapes of Cambodia,
Vietnam and Laos. Highlights
include Cambodia's incomparable
Angkor Wat; Vietnam's Giac Lam
and Emperor of Jade pagodas; Hue's
Royal Tombs of the Nguyen emper-
ors; the Marble Mountains; Hanoi's
One Pillar Pagoda; Laos' Wat Phra
Keo,Wat Si Saket and Wat OngTu;
and the Pak Ou Buddhist Caves.

Egypt Revisited

Off. i8-Nov. 1, 2003

Leader:Tarek Swelim,
art historian and past
FM Tours leader

For those who -wish
to explore Egypt in
greater depth. See
temples along Lake
Nasser's shore. On one
of the two days possi-
ble each year, witness
the rising sun shining
into Abu Simbel to
illuminate the statues
within. Visit Khufu's
great pyramid and sur-
rounding mastabas, and the Red
and Bent Pyramids of Snofru. Other
temples include Karnak (including
an after-dark visit), Seti, Ramesses II
and Hathor, one of Egypt's best-pre-
served temples.

Egyptian Odyssey

Tanzania Migration Safari

Nov. 8-22, 2003, or Feb. 7-21, 2004 February 2004

Leaders: Tarek Swelim, art historian
(Nov.) and Jltomas Mudloff, TFM lec-
turer and instructor of Egyptology (Feb.)

A popular in-depth introduction
to ancient pharaohs and medieval
Islam. In Cairo, we tour the out-
standing Egyptian Museum, Great
Pyramids and Sphinx, the famed
step pyramid of Zoser and Old
Cairo. At Luxor,
explore the vast temple
complex of Karnak and
the stunning tombs of
the Valleys of the Kings
and Queens. Cruise the
legendary Nile aboard
a luxurious riverboat
from Luxor to Aswan,
stopping to visit the
Temples of Khnum,
Horus and Isis.The
climax is Abu Simbel 's
extraordinary three
colossi of Ramesses II.

Leaders: Bill Stanley and Mary Anne
Rogers, TFM zoologists

Our classic Tanzania safari takes
members to the Serengeti,
Ngorongoro Crater, Lake Manyara,
Arusha National Park and Olduvai
Gorge. One highlight is four days
witnessing hundreds of thousands
of plains animals gather for their
massive migration.

Behind the Scenes in Moscow
and St. Petersburg

May 9-18, 2004

Following the success of The Field
Museum's special exhibition Kremlin
Gold, donors are invited to join this
"insiders' trip" in which Russian
curators will show you priceless art
and jewelry. Stay at the best hotels,
and enjoy the finest restaurants and
performances.

The Field Museum's Member Publication

New Lab Explores
Early Solar System

Clash of the Andei^

FKOMTHE PRESIDE NT

An Urban Connection

What better place for The Field Museum to explore cultural diversity than in Chicago. We all deal with
the stuff of life — finding food and shelter, building relationships, defining ourselves — but each of us
responds to these concerns in different vs/ays. Through our Center for Cultural Understanding and Change
(CCUC), The Field Museum is involved in several projects to understand such diversity and strengthen the
connections among Chicago's ethnic groups and neighborhoods.

Tfirough our Diversity
Project, families such as
the Lindseys enjoy compU-
mentary access to the
Museum and its programs.

Bethel New/ Life (BNL), a commu-
nity-driven development corporation
on Chicago's west side, is creating
an exhibition geared toward teens
that is inspired by our Living
Together exhibition. Culled from
the powerful personal stories of
community members, Steppin' Up:
Journeys from the Soul will explore
how we can all make positive
choices in turning hard times into
healthy, viable learning opportuni-
ties. We are participating in
fundraising, educational program-
ming, public relations/marketing
and advising on Steppin' Up^ which
opens this fall at BNL.

With generous support from the
Ford Foundation, CCUC has also
recently formed the Urban Research
and Curriculum Transformation
Institute to stimulate relationships
between the Museum and local uni-
versities and organizations. Students
are paired up with community
groups to research issues affecting
their neighborhoods. One recent
project, for example, studied how

urban gardens inspire cooperation in
addition to beautify a neighborhood.
Students' research results are then
tunneled back to the community
groups to enhance their efforts.
University faculty members are
also better able to weave immersive,
hands-on research practices into
their curriculums.

Hip hop, a blend of music, fashion
and a special worldview, is influ-
enced by a variety of cultural and
artistic styles around the world.
From Oct. 3 through 5, CCUC is
hosting a conference for hip hop
practitioners, community activists
and scholars. It will focus on
hip hop's impact internationally.
See pages 4-5 for a related article.

CCUC's Cultural Connections pro-
gram has grown from eight partners
in 1998 to 21 partners today.
It doesn't just celebrate cultural
differences; it explains them. By
bringing together ethnic museums
and centers, such as the Cambodian
Association of Illinois and the
Institute of Puerto Rican Arts and
Culture, a joint program might
explore various wedding traditions
or how masks and storytelling play
different entertainment and religious
roles. While The Field Museum
provided the initial framework for
other groups to gather, the flip side
is that we learn more about what's
happening in Chicago, informing
our own widespread efforts. The
2003-2004 program on rites of
passage will kick off on Sept. 11.

With the Diversity Project, we part-
ner with Chicagoland families,
schools, churches and community
organizations to provide complimen-
tary access to the Museum and its

programs. More than 1,000 children

and adults from such groups as the
Better Boys Foundation and the
North Lawndale/Logan Square
YMCA have enjoyed overnight stays,
lectures, festivals, special exhibitions
and summer camp free of charge.
The Diversity Project is helping
Chicago's underserved communities
feel more comfortable here, thereby
encouraging them to return again
and again. It is made possible by the
National Recreation Foundation and
supported in part by Kraft Foods
and The William Randolph Hearst
Foundations.

Finally, 15 Latino high school
students will be rebuilding the
Museum's employee intranet
this summer in a paid internship
through HiTech, a partnership
between the Illinois Coalition
and the U.S. Hispanic Leadership
Institute. Training in a state-of-
the-art computer lab at the Erie
Neighborhood House, the students
will be immersed in a real-world
environment of teamwork, project
planning and development, dead-
lines and working with a client.
While we gain a tangible benefit, the
students acquire relevant skills for
college and a career in technology.

These programs turn the work of our
anthropologists and educators inside
out. We hope Chicagoans learn more
about each other while uniting their
new understanding with the context
of their own lives.

John W. McCarter, Jr.
President & CEO

^liat

'DJi^thinLaiifuJi lathe^leldZ

For general membership inquiries, including address changes, call 312.665.7700. For questions about
the magazine In the Field, call 312.665.7115, email acranch@fmnh.org, or write Amy E. Cranch,
Editor, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605-2496.

-^■MgX.; - - -.^^^.Hr..

INTHEFIELD

Summer 2003, June-August,
Vol.76, No. 3

Editor:

Amy E. Cranch, The Field Museum

Design:

Depke Design

Copy editor:

Laura F. Nelson

%<y In the Field is printed on recycled paper
using soy-based inks. All images ©The
Field Museum unless otherwise specified.

In the Field (ISSN #1051^4546) is published
quarterly by The Field Museum. Copyright
2003 The Field Museum. Annual subscriptions
are $20; $10 for schools. Museum membership
includes In the Field subscription. Opinions
expressed by authors are their own and do
not necessarily reflect the policy of The Field
Museum. Notification of address change should
include address label and should be sent to
the membership department. POSTMASTER:
Send address changes to Membership, The
Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive,
Chicago, IL 60605-2496. Periodicals postage
paid at Chicago, Illinois.

Cover: Ghost Head Nebula, a star-forming region
within the Large Magellanic Cloud in our local
group of galaxies. The beginnings of our own
solar system likely took place in an environment
like this one. Photo courtesy NASA, ESA and
Mohammad Heydari-Malayeri (Observatoire de
Paris, France).

Tine Field Museum salutes the people of
Chicago for their long-standing, generous
support of the Museum through the
Chicago Park District.

_x

fe

Field

useum

1400 South Lake Shore Drive
Chicago, IL 60605-2496
312.922.9410
www.fieldmuseum.org

2

4

6

A new Field Museum lab is helping geo-
chemists understand our early solar system.
Top: Rebekah Hines, collections assistant,
working in the ultra-clean lab.

Hip hop, a culture blending music, fashion
and a special worldview, is capturing audi-
ences around the globe.
Middle: Break-dancing is a vital element of this
expressive culture.

The Field Museum library and
Oppenheimer Editions are offering superb
replications of early natural history art.
Bottom: At the Old Well ofAcoma, by
Edward Sheriff Curtis.

16

Recent research atop a majestic mountain
in Peru has revealed startling insights into
how two great superpowers interacted
between AD 600 and 1000.

Museum Campus Neighbors

Shedd Aquarium Shedd Aquarium's newest
exhibit, Wild Reef — Sharks at Shedd, is now
open. Descend into the shimmering underwater
communities of a Philippine reef, the most
diverse marine ecosystem on Earth. Be dazzled
by a kaleidoscope of live corals and schooling
reef fishes, and come face-to-face with one
of the most diverse collections of sharks in
North America. For more information, visit
www.sheddaquarium.org, or call
312.939.2438.

Adier Planetarium It's an alien invasion!
Travel to imaginary worlds to encounter
fantastic alien life forms, or search for new
worlds outside our solar system in two new
Sl<y Theater shows. Beginning June 28,
venture into a new temporary exhibition and
family activity center, or enter cyber space to
explore the possibilities of life beyond planet
Earth. For information call 312. 922. STAR,
or log onto wvvw.adlerplanetarium.org.

Museum Campus See page 19 for an article
about parking and travel projects coming to
completion that will ultimately mean easier,
safer access to Museum Campus.

SUMMER 2003 Jutie-Augmt

"vfiSV'

IN T HE F I B L i:) F E AT URE

Inside the mass spearoin-
etei; where it gets as hot
as the Siiu 's surface. The |
iiistminent is used to
analyze meteorites.

Collapsing under the force ot gravity, our soiar system Tormea rrom a lummous ciou
jf gas and dust that was seeded with material from the surrounding dying stars. That
was 4.56 billion years ago, and while the subject of our solar system's origin has
intrigued humanity for thousands of years, it's only recently that technologic advances
have allowed us to study it with extremely high resolution. The Field Museum has one
of the world's preeminent meteorite collections with more than 1,300 specimens,
including pieces of the Moon, Mars and many asteroids. Meteorites are the texts of
early history, yet they contain subtle variations in their chemical and isotopic makeup
that require complex tools to read. The Field Museum's new state-of-the-art Isotope
Geochemistry Lab (IGL) enables our geologists to read these texts in precise detail and
make discoveries that are literally out of this world.

d laboratory

Dr. Meenakshi^adhWi, iiifliliffi iUFator ot mete-
orites, founded and directs the IGL, which is used
to address fiindamental questions about our solar
s^•stem. It's the first and only laboratory of its kind
in a U.S. museum, highlighting the Field's commit-
ment to keeping up with developments in research.
In the IGL, researchers are analyzing meteorites and
terrestrial samples to determine precise dates and
identify fingerprints of cosmologic and geologic
processes. They are generating age dates that are
precise within a million years for events that
occurred billions of years ago.

Encompassing about 1,000 sq. ft., the IGL con-
sists of rvvo separate areas — the ultra-clean sample
preparation lab and the mass spectrometer lab.
Because the rooms are equipped with higlily
st)phisticated, sensitive instruments, there are strict
protocols for access, maintenance, safety and usage.
For example, everyone entering the ultra-clean lab
must first go into an air-locked vestibule, don a

Tep on a series

of sticky mats that remove dirt from shoes. Inside,
the IGL is meticulously maintained by Dr. Philip
Janney, IGL manager, and Rebekah Hines, collec-
tions assistant. Its air supply is fed through a series
of filters, and the pressure and temperature are
maintained at a constant level to minimize contam-
ination and ma.ximize the abihrv- to measure trace
amounts of elements m meteorite samples.

Samples processed in the ultra-clean lab are then
analyzed m the mass spectrometer lab. The mass
spectrometer uses argon plasma — nearly as hot as
the surface of the Sun — to strip electrons off ot
a sample's atoms. The charged ions that torm are
then separated by a powerful electromagnet into
isotopes, which are atoms of the same chemical
element that have diiferent numbers of neutrons.
The abundances of the isotopes of a particular ele-
ment of interest are then measured by a series ot
detectors. In this way, we measure how much ot a
given isotope was produced by radioactive decay
and thus determine the age ot a sample.

.N THE FIELD

Research projects address grand questions

What was our solar system's early environment
like? How long did it take to build the terrestrial
planets? What heat sources contributed to melting
and differentiating the planets in early history?
How much of this heat came from short-lived
radioactive elements that gave off energy as they
decayed? These are some of the questions being
addressed by research in the IGL.

Many meteorites show that their parent aster-
oids suffered extensive melting early in the solar
system's history. It is likely that much of the heat
required for this came from the decay of short-
lived radioactive isotopes. One research project is
aiming to understand how much aluiTiinum-26, a
high heat-producing isotope, existed in the early
solar system, and how it assisted planetary melting.
Toward this goal. Dr. Wadhwa is analyzing several
ancient meteorites that are thought to have come
from melted asteroids.

We are also researching when core formation
happened on the terrestrial planets. Both Earth
and Mars have metal cores that are approximately
half their radii. When did this metal separate and
sink to the center of each planet? Fortunately,
another short-lived radioactive isotope, hafnium-
182, acts as a highly precise chronometer, or
radioactive clock, for this metal-separation event.
We have utilized it to date the timing of core
formation for Earth and Mars. Working with Dr.
Wadhwa and Dr.Janney, I have confirmed that
Earth's core formed in less than 33 million years
following the birth of the solar system, and Mars'
core formed in the first 13 million years. These
estimates are much earlier than those from previ-
ous studies.

Finally, Dr. Frank Richter, a University of
Chicago professor and Field Museum research asso-
ciate, is characterizing the environment of the early
solar system. Using a high-temperature vacuum flir-
nace, he is evaporating materials that are similar in
composition to the first-formed solids in the solar
system. Working with Dr. Wadhwa and Dr.Janney
in the IGL, Dr. Richter measured the chemical

Dr. Philip Janncy isolates elements with column chromatog-
raphy before analyzing a sample in the mass spectrometer.

and isotopic properties of the evaporation
residues in his experiments. They have found that
calcium- and aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs),
the oldest-formed materials in ancient mete-
orites, were intensely heated and then cooled
rapidly — within days.

Reaching further out and closer in

Other upcoming IGL projects will span from as far

away as Mars and the Sun to as close as Park Forest,

111. Dr. Wadhwa is part of a team that could be

selected by NASA to bring back Martian dust

within the next decade. If such samples are

returned, they could reveal important

aspects of Mars' geologic and

climatic evolution. Two

NASA spacecraft are

currently collecting

samples of comet

dust and solar wind,

energetic particles

streaming from the

Sun, which will also

likely be analyzed

in the IGL. And

nearby, we have

obtained portions

of a meteorite that

landed in Park Forest

this past March, now

on temporary display

in the Grainger

GaOery, that may also be

analyzed in the near future.

Opening the IGL is a momentous achievement
for The Field Museum and for the scientific
community and the world. Using the strength
of the IGL and our own meteorite collections,
our researchers are uncovering secrets to how our
solar system formed and evolved. This facility is
enabling us to touch upon our origins
in an extraordinary way. ITF

Allende, one of the old-
est, most primitive rocks
in the solar system,
shows calcium- and
aluminum-rich inclu-
sions (CAIs), the very
first solid materials to
have formed.

C. NICOLE FOLEY

Lefi: Dr. Meenakshi
Wadhwa examines
meteorite fragments
that recently fell in
Park Forest, III.
Right: Dr Nicole
Foley operates the
mass spectrometer.

SUMMER 2003 Jime-Aiiguit

INTHEFIELDFEATURE

A Global Lingua Franca:

Hip Hop Culture Rises Worldwide

Raymond Codritigtoit, Sandy Boyd Postdoctoral Fellow, Center for Cultural Understandings and Change
All photos ©Michael Sindwrg/Wandereye

You can find it in the most unexpected corners of tlie globe. Tine Grand Theatre of
Havana. A barber shop in South London. An ivy-league university classroom. Hip hop,
a cultural blend of music, fashion and a special worldview, takes its influences from an
assortment of styles, from jazz and soul to head-nodding funk and from the driving
beats of an African drum to the sharp edges of an urban poet.

In the past 25 years hip hop has become one of the
most influential forms of culture. In 2000, hip hop
music claimed 13 percent of the $14 billion profit in
the U.S. recording industry, outselling both pop and
country music, according to the Recording Industry
Association of America's consumer profile. While
conventional wisdom indicated that hip hop would
fade into obscurity, it is a cultural and commercial
force that is mushrooming, capturing a variety of
audiences from the urban to the suburban, the local
to the global, the academic to the popular.

Hip hop culture comes into its own

Sometimes it's easier to understand what something
is by defining what it's not. Hip hop is not only
rap music. It is an amalgamation of expressions that
grew out of the South Bron.x, New York, in the
mid 1970s among working-class African- American,
West Indian and Latino youth. In many cases, these

youth chose artistic competition over physical
confrontation, blending cultural, social and techno-
logical elements from their backgrounds to create
a new culture. This culture revolves around four
primary elements: rap, the vocal element, is rhyming
to the beat of the music; deejaying involves playing
and manipulating records; grafEti, or aerosol art,
is the visual element; and b-boying or b-girling,
otherwise known as break-dancing, encompasses
a range of performance styles, such as the smooth
movements of Brazilian capoeira and the acrobatic
agihty of a gymnast.

Since rap is the most well known aspect of hip
hop culture, the two terms are often conflated. But,
in fact, hip hop also reflects a particular worldview
that is highly influenced by its originators' lack of
access to resources and their creative responses to
these conditions. It is the voice of those who live
in the margins, much like early reggae music was to

IN THE FIELD

poor Jamaicans and early punk music was to work-
ing-class English youth. In a wider sense, hip hop is
the quintessential American cultural product, incor-
porating such ideals as innovation, competition and
representation.

Can't stop, won't stop

Hip hop did not stay in the Bronx for long. Graffiti
traveled to Manhattan's art community through
such artists as Keith Haring and Jean-Michel
Basquiat. Rap music slowly crept into the radio
play-lists and music store shelves. Youth everywhere
began to break-dance, turn their parents' record
players into turntables and paint pubUc surfaces
with graffiti art, whether the authorities liked it or
not. Wild Style and Style Wars, two classic hip hop
films, explore these early days of hip hop culture.

It's interesting to examine hip hop's evolution as
a commercial force. Those who consider themselves
the innovators and practitioners of the culture often
think that hip hop has become too pervasive, being
used to seD everything from candy to clothes to
cars. They question whether this saturation increases
its popularity by exposing it to a wider audience,
or endangers the integrity of this distinguished
urban culture.

Critics and fans alike often think that today's
most popular and best-selling rappers glorify
consumption and misogyny. But just as there are
extremes in fashion, film and other artistic expres-
sions, there is a diverse continuum of content and
styles among hip hop artists. Some are exploring
rock music on their albums, helping to promote
mainstream acceptance of rap music and rethink
the relationship between hip hop and other musical
genres. "Conscious" rappers, such as Chicago's
Common, All Natural, Mos Def andThe Roots,
address social concerns and sometimes critique or
parody more commercial rap music. For example.

their

one Roots song, Wliat They Do
on the llladelph Halflife album,
encourages listeners to define
their individuality while main-
taining the artistic and cultural
elements found in hip hop:

Lost generation, fast-paced nation

World population confront their
frustration

The principles of true hip hop

have been forsaken

It's all contractual, and about

money making

Pretend-to-be cats don't seem to k

limitations

Exact replication and false representation

You wanna be a man, then stand your own

To mc requires skill, I demand some shown.

Going global

Visit countries as far-reaching as Senegal, France or
Cuba and you will likely discover a unique hip hop
culture. While rapping in its native language, each
country adds elements of its own distinctive lan-
guage, musical styles and issues: Hip hop culture has
become the global lingua franca for social expres-
sion and critique. For example, London's Roots
Manuva melds West Indian slang, called "patois,"
with his British-born accent to rap about topics
ranging from recreation to politics. In France, the
world's second largest hip hop market after the
United States, artists such as lAM, NTM and
Saian Supa Crew rap about immigrant life. Cuba's
Orishas mix traditional music and hip hop to
address issues related to pohtics, identity and race.
The movement of hip hop beyond the United
States marks its power as an art form and culture,
as well as a medium for connecting communities
across country lines, lifestyles and languages. ITF

Break-dancers in
Florence, Italy, exhibit
strength and suppleness
in their acrobatic moves.

It cannot be denied that the boundaries of hip hop have shifted from the marginal
to the mainstream.

This fall, The Field Museum's Center for Cultural Understanding and Change
is hosting a conference called Hip Hop and Social Change. Drawing upon the
knowledge and experience of hip hop artists, scholars and community members, the
conference will offer a range of innovative subjects that primarily explore how hip
hop can be used as a tool for transformation to address social and political issues,
particularly those that affect youth. The conference is a testament not only to hip
hop's breadth and significance, but also to the Museum's commitment to under-
standing contemporary culture and change.

The Hip Hop and Social Change Conference will take place Oct. 3-5 at The Field
Museum. For Information visit www.fieldmuseum.org, call 312.665.7547
or email drushemeza@fmnh.org.

Funding for the Hip Hop and Social Change Conference has been provided by fhe Rockefeller Foundation.

SUMMER 2003 June-August

OFSPEC I AL INTEREST

Faithful Reprints of Natural
History Collectibles Now Available

Imagine a world before photography, before humans had explored the globe and discovered
the plants and animals of distant places. The pinnacle of natural history art, spanning the
18th and 19th centuries, brought this new world to people who had no means for visualizing
the phenomenal finds from an explosion in discovery and knowledge.

The natural sciences were a haphazard blend of
mythology and observation before Linnaeus devel-
oped classification and Darwin conceived the theory
of evolution. At this crucial juncture, artists were
called upon as explorers and scientists to record
discoveries, often sacrificing their health and
finances to bring these images to an insulated world.

The Mary W. Runnells Rare Book Room in
The Field Museum library contains a superb collec-
tioii of these early prints, unsurpassed in its breadth
and quality. Together with Oppenheimer Editions,
LLC, we are now offering the 50 best fiom 1 1
collections as limited-edition facsimiles. Available
as individuals, complete sets or at a patron-level
subscription, these replications exactly match the
original engravings and lithographs in size, color
and paper quality. Super high-definition scans are
made from the originals, and as many as 1 0 proof-
ing stages are executed before a finished print is
accepted. Nothing has been spared to guarantee
their exceptional value.

AH royalties fitim the sale of these prints will
support the endowment for The Field Museum

library. Following are the collections fiom which
you can choose to purchase:

• Audubon's birds

• Fuertes' Abyssinian expedition

• Audubon's mammals

• Napoleonic Description de L'Egypte —

• Bur\''s hexandrian plants

• McKenney Hall Indian Gallery

• Barraband's parrots, toucans and birds of paradise

• Elliot's cats, pheasants and birds of paradise

• Catesby's Carolina, Florida and
the Bahama Islands

• Lear's parrots, toucans and birds of Europe

• Curtis' North American Indians

In most cases, the originals are unattainable. The
Oppenheimer Field Museum Editions will bring you
back to a time when science and art were united.

Prices depend on what and how much you purchase.
Special offers are available. For a complete Oppenheimer
Field Museum Editions catalog, call 866.333.4846 or
visit wu'w.oppenheimereditions.com.
Sections of this text were taken fiom the Oppenheimer
Field Museum Editions catalog.

6 :m the field

YOURGUIDETOTHEFIELD

Calendar of Events for Summer 2003 June-August

Inside: Exhibits Festivals Family Programs Adult Programs

An Evening
With Bob Costas

Hear renowned
broadcaster Bob
Costas share his
unflinching views
on the state of
major league base-
ball and propose
realistic changes
that would pro-
mote the game's best interests. An
unabashed baseball fan, Costas has
won 11 Emmy awards and been
named the National Sportscaster of
the Year eight times for his coverage
of major sports events. His first
book, Fair Ball; A Fan's
Case for Baseball,
offers an insightful,
provocative and
good-natured look
at the top chal-
lenges facing our
national pastime —
from financial dispari-
ties between teams to
off-the-chart player
salaries and the desig-
nated-hitter rule.

Monday,June 30, 7pm
$18, students /educators $15,
members $12

Final Weeks-
Baseball As America

Through July 20, 2003

1. When did professional ball players wear skirts?

2. What famous ballplayer who broke social barriers
wore this jersey?

3. How is Babe Ruth's Louisville Slugger different than
Sammy Sosa's home-run hitting bat?

Discover the answers to these fun questions and more
when you visit The Field iVluseum this summer.

Baseball As America is the first major exhibition to
examine the relationship between baseball and our
nation's culture. It is also the first time that cherished
treasures of our national pastime have left The
National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum in
Cooperstown, New York. With more than 500 of
the Hall of Fame's most precious artifacts, this
exhibition shows how baseball mirrors our nation's
values, struggles, triumphs and aspirations.

You'll see the stuff of legends, including Jackie Robinson's jersey and
Babe Ruth's bat. The exhibition also includes artifacts from the Negco

Leagues, the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League and items

of special interest to Chicago fans.

This exhibition was organized by The National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum,
Cooperstown, New York.

The national tour of Baseball As America is sponsored by Ernst & Young.

ASEBALL

*AS AMERICA*

PHOTOS COURTESY THE NATIONAL BASEBALL HALL OF FAME AND MUSEUM

^

Field

useum

General Museum Information: 312.922.9410

Family and Adult Program Tickets and Information: 312.665.7400

SUMMER 2003 June-August 7

Your Guide to the Field: Calendar of Events for Summer 2003 June-August

Enjoy the best that summer has to
offer at The Field Museum.

ETERNAL EGYPT MASTERWORKS OF
ANCIENT ART FROM THE BRITISH MWSEL/M

Through Aug. 10,2003

See magnificent treasures from 3,000 years of ancient Egypt. Drawn from the most important collection
of Egyptian art outside of Cairo, this epic exhibition reveals the secrets of one of the world's most
enduring civilizations. You'll see 144 stunning artworks, including:

Nude Figure of the Seal Bearer Tjetji

This carved wood figure, beautifully supple and sophisti-
cated in form, is at once naturalistic and symbolic.

Lion of Amenhotep III

This stately, life-sized red granite lion
is a remarkable blend of abstraction
and realism.

Head of Amenhotep III

This colossal quartzite head gazed
downward from a great height, as
befits a pharaoh who ruled from a
position of strength and was determined
to be seen as nothing less than a god.

Mummy Mask of Satdjehuty

This gorgeous mask belonged to a royal atten
dant who was given god-like golden flesh and
lapis lazuli hair so that, like the sun god, she
would be reborn each morning as the sun rises.

Book of the Dead, Papyrus of Ani

These colorful and delicate scrolls come from the most
famous of all Egyptian illustrated texts — the funerary
papyrus of a scribe named Ani.

This exhibition is organized by the American Federation of Arts and
The British Museum.

The exhibition and its national tour are made possible by Ford Motor Company.
Ford has also provided additional support for this venue.

The Chicago presentation is made possible through the generous support of LaSalle Bank.

Additional support has been provided by the Benefactors Circle of the AFA.

So

11

is

< CO

« O

1 =

if
2©

gf

Sunken Heracleion:
Between Reality and Legend

Speaker Event

Franck Goddio, Uiidenmter Archaeologist and Author

Marvel at the incredible discoveries that famed under-
water archaeologist Franck Goddio and his team have
pulled from the sunken remains of Heracleion in Egypt's
Bay of Aboukir. Due to a series of earthquakes, these
fabled royal quarters were lost under the Mediterranean
for more than 1,000 years before Goddio's research
team located their ruins in the harbor of the modern-
day city. Hear the latest update from Goddio's team
of archaeologists, historians, geophysicists and divers.

Saturday, June 21, 2pin

$12, students /educators $10, members $8

'^f'^YWm!^'

:-■'■. fiV.V^-WgS^«^«<«>ttK.,

\-»>j'.'s\\:;<:\j»w.",<\v-:oT-

''■VR:>i-:-;-jyv

IN THE FIELD CALENDAR

General Museum Information: 312.922.9410; Family and Adult Program Tickets and Information: 312.665.7400

During Your Visit

Take advantage of these free programs
the whole family can enjoy the next
time you visit The Field Museum.

Tibetan Sand Mandala

Witness seven Tibetan Buddhist monies create
a sand mandala over four days. Millions of
colored sand grains are painstakingly laid into a
geometric pattern that represents a map to enlight-
enment. Once completed, the mandala is dismantled
as a symbol of life's fleeting nature.
Tliursdayyjiine 12- Sunday, June 15, 1 lain- 2pm

Story Time

Listen to a story and make an art project to take home — all
in just 20 minutes! One adult for every three children please.
Saturday-Sunday l:30pin; Daily during July and August.

Museum Highlight Tours

Enjoy a guided tour of some of the Museum's most popular,
famous and unique exhibitions. Hear the stories behind these
fascinating treasures from nature and human culture.

Monday- Friday 1 lam and 2pm; Saturday- Sunday 11am
and 1pm

Northwest Coast Indians & Eskimos Tour

Discover a spectacular array of artifacts depicting two
neighboring North American environments and cultures.

Wednesdays 11:30ani and 1 :3()pni; Thursdays ll:30ani

Maori Meeting House

Visit this stunning authentic house and learn about its

cultural significance and use.

Weekdays 10am— 3pm; Weekends lOani— 4:30pm

Pawnee Earth Lodge

Join us around the fire pit of this full-sized replica to hear
stories of buffalo hunts and examine tools, toys and blankets.
Discover what life was like for the Pawnee on the Great
Plains in the 1800s.

Monday-Friday at 1pm; Saturday and Sunday 10am-4:30pm
Note:The Pawnee Earth Lodge will close for construction
beginning June 30.

Explore the world with
Field Museum scientists.

What is it like to unexpectedly uncover a tomb
beneath the floor of an ancient house? Or to
discover a new species living on the
dark, unexplored ocean floor?

Find out through expeditions@field-
museum, an exciting program that
lets you join four Field Museum sci-
entists a year as they travel the world
to conduct research. Through regular
emails and online video reports, expedi-
tion photos and interactive site maps on
our website, you'll hear immediate first-hand
accounts from Field Museum scientists about their experiences
and challenges in the process of fieldwork and discovery.

Now through July 1, follow Dr Gary Feinman's archaeological
excavations of a hilltop residential center in Oaxaca, Mexico.
Dr Janet Voight is tentatively scheduled to dive to the depths
of the Pacific Ocean this fall in ALVIN, a manned submersible,
to explore life around hot, toxic seafloor habitats. And in
October, join Bill Stanley as he follows a group of specimens step
by step from the time they are prepared and catalogued in the
Museum collections, to their use in scientific research, to what
we learn from such specimens.

Email expeditions@fieldmuseum.org to register, or visit
wvwv.fieldmuseum.org/expeditions/introduction.html to register
and see a schedule of upcoming events.

SUMMER 2003 June -August

Family Overnight

Dozin' With the Dinos

Sue the T. rex is having a sleepover! Join us for a night
of family worl<shops, tours and performances. Explore
ancient Egypt by flashlight, prowl an African savannah
with man-eating lions and travel back in time to the
Mesozoic Era. Then spread your sleeping bag
amidst some of our most popular exhibitions.
The event includes an evening snack and
breakfast in the morning.

Families with children ages 6—12
5:45pm on Friday, June 27 until 9am on
Saturday, June 28
$47 per person, members $40

Lectures

Chasing the Panda

Michael Kiefer, Author

Follow the dramatic story of an American socialite and two
young hunters who led a 1,500-mile expedition in 1936
through China's mountains to search for a giant panda.
Their return to the United
States with the first live
panda ever to be seen
sparked a "panda-monium,"
setting off a legacy of hunt-
ing that led to the species
becoming endangered.
Kiefer's book traces this
daring adventure and the con-
troversy that surrounded it.

Saturday, June 7, 1:30pm
$12, students /educators SIO,
members $8

Blue Frontier: Saving America's Living Seas

David Helvarg, Journalist and Author

Take an adventure-filled tour of
America's last great wilderness — the
vast oceans just off our coasts. From
off-shore oil rigs to underwater science
labs, Helvarg's book explores the
impact of history, commerce and pol-
icy on marine life. You may have seen
Helvarg's work in Smithsonian and
Audubon magazines, or on The
Discovery Channel. Come hear his
impassioned call for a new approach
to ocean stewardship.

Saturday, June 14, 2pm

$12, students /educators $10, members $8

B

1

u

e

F

r o

n

t

I e I

Sn

i,.g An

cric

IS l.i\

ins .Sf.-is

*■

R

m

0f^

JUll

• ^*l

Betow is a calendar of current and upcoming temporary exhibitions. Some dates may change.
Visit our website at www.fieldmuseum.org or call 312.922.9410 as the date of your visit nears.

Baseball As America

Through July 20, 2003

Modern People, Traditional Path:
Figurines From Cochiti Pueblo

Through August 10, 2003

Family Workshops

Behind-the-Scenes: Puppets and Masks

Brandon Olsen,TFM Anthropology Dept.

Journey behind the scenes at the Museum to see incredible puppets
from Japan, Indonesia, China and other parts of the world. Learn
about the fascinating traditions of shadow puppets, string puppets,
large-scaled puppets, masks and more. Then
make your own shadow puppet.

Families mth children ages 7 and up
Friday, June 20, 6— 8pm
$15, members $12

The Two of Us

Travel the Museum's exhibition halls, hear stories, touch
objects, make art projects and enjoy snacks. This summer we'll
learn about butterflies and masks from around the world.

Families with children ages 3—5
Tuesdays, August 5 and i2
W-11:30am or 1:30— 3pm (Choose one time.)
$24 per child, $20 per member child
For each child, one adult attends at no charge.

JOHN WEINSTEIN/GN90090 16C

An Evening with Zahi Hawass

Archaeologist and Egypt's Director of Pyramids Zahi Hawass
will present on his research and recent findings.

Monday,June 9, 6:30pm

$18, students /educators $15, members $12

Fieldtrips

Chicago Waterways

Dr Irving Cutler, Professor Emeritus, Chicago State University

Cruise Chicago's waterways for a unique perspective on our metro-
politan area. From Lake Michigan to the Cal Sag Channel to the
Chicago River, you'll drift past 70 miles of scenery to explore the
area's ecological, economic and historical development.

Saturday, June 7, 9am— 5pm, $50, members $43

Participants meet at the Wendella Boat Dock on Michigan Ave.

Exploring the Biodiversity of Lake Calumet

Dr. Doug Stotz, TFM Dept. of Environmental and
Conservation Programs

Take a journey into the wilderness — only 30 minutes from
Chicago! Nestled amidst the factories of a heavily industrialized
landscape. Lake Calumet is also home to rare plants and ani-
mals that survive in prairie, wetland and woodland fragments.
Discover these natural wonders and learn about The Field
Museum's research and conservation activities. Then travel to
the South East Chicago Historical Society to explore the cul-
tural heritage of this area. Bring your binoculars; we're likely
to see some birds in the early morning.

Saturday, June 14, 8am— 3pm, $50, members $43

Eternal Egypt: Masterworks of Ancient Art
From The British Museum

Through August 10, 2003

Eviction and Homecoming:

The Story of Brazil's Panara Indians

September 12, 2003-February 8, 2004

Summer Camp

Summer Worlds Tour 2003

Don't miss the exciting and unique summer camp organized
collectively by The Field Museum, Adier Planetarium and Shedd
Aquarium. Examine Egyptian hieroglyphs, meet sharks from
tropical waters and investigate the possibilities of life in outer
space. This summer camp is as educational as it is fun!

Children ages 5—10 years old
Weekdays, 8:30am-3pm
Choose from one of four week-long sessions:
July 7-U,July U-18,July 21-25, July 28-Aug. 1
Register through theAdler Planetarium at 312.322.0329
or wunv.adlerplanetarium.org/camp.
$220 per child, members $200

Behind-the-Scenes

Fossil Collecting at Larson Quarry

David Dolak, Science Institute, Columbia College

Reconstruct what Illinois was like 425 million years ago, when
a shallow, subtropical sea covered the area. You'll learn
about the organisms that lived in this ancient environment
and discover techniques for finding the fossils that time
left behind. With its wonderfully preserved brachiopods
and trilobites, Larson Quarry promises to be exhila-
rating! This is an adults-only trip. Space is limited.

Saturday, June 21, 7am— 2pm
$48, members $41

International Puppets: Artistry & Tradition

Brandon Olsen, TFM Anthropology Dept.

Enjoy a rare opportunity to see the incredible puppets
and masks in the Museum's anthropology collec-
tions. You'll see beautiful puppets from Japan,
Indonesia, China and other parts of the
world. Discover the amazing artistry and
diversity of techniques found in these
works, and learn about puppetry tradi-
tions around the world.

Saturday, June 21, lOam-noon
$15, members $12

The Field Museum salutes the people of Chicago for their long-standing, generous support of the
Museum through the Chicago Park District. In addition, Museum programs are partially supported by
the Illinois Department of Natural Resources and Illinois State Museum; by the Institute of Museum
and Library Services, a federal agency; by the Illinois Arts Council, a state agency; and by a CityArts
Program A Grant from the City of Chicago Department of Cultural Affairs.

.iilain

■cbci- 17, 2003-January 5, 2004

50 Years of Powwow in Chicago

July 25, 2003-January 18, 2004

'on't miss these exciting programs
and exhibitions this fall. j

y^'

f^^

i WEtNRTflN/GN90491 179D

Year of Biodiversity
and Conservation

Explore The Field Museum's contributions to
biodiversity science. From September 2003 through
May 2004, The Field Museum's Year of Biodiversity and
Conservation w/ill offer exclusive opportunities to meet our
scientists, hear lectures, visit special exhibitions and partici-
^e in educational programs that feature our science in

vice to the Earth and its inhabitants. Each

nth we will highlight a different theme,

iging important perspectives to

le of the most provocative and

ssing environmental topics of,

time.

Centennial Tribute

to Louis Leakey ^^""""■""™

In honor of 100 years since legendary anthropologist
Louis Leakey (1903-1972) vi/as born, the Leakey
Foundation will host a w/eekend program featuring an
all-star cast of human origins and evolution experts.
Richard, Meave and Louise Leal<ey will lead remembrances and
presentations. Attend discussions, hands-on demonstrations and
other activities that explore such topics as the great apes, human
migration, a Neandertal's diet and comparing hominid casts.
Visitwww.leakeyfoundation.org for information.

Friday and Saturday, Oct. 10 and i i

Weekend pass: $250. Includes keynote address, private reception,

Saturday lunch and more. On sale June 1.

Saturday sessions only: $40, TFM and Leakey Foundation

members $35. On sale Aug. 1.

Presented by the Leakey Foundation in collaboration with The Field Museum.

^J

Einstein

Hip Hop and
Social Change
Conference

..oin a cross-cultural dialogue among hip hop
;)ractitioners, community activists and scholars
hat will focus on the social, artistic and political
ower that hip hop has in the United States
nd internationally.

'riday-Sunday, Oct. 3-5

I Oct. i7,2003-Jan. 5,2004

I See the world through the eyes of a genius. Einstein had the
I daring imagination and passionate vision to change how we look
at our universe. Meet the man behind the revolutionary theories
through photographs, personal possessions, letters, original
manuscripts and multimedia displays. Delve into
Einstein's personal life, explore his humanitarian
ideals and understand his groundbreaking work. Also
watch for details on a related lecture series that will
examine brain research, black holes, the theory of
relativity and more.

E'mstem is a specially ticketed exhibition.

E'mst£in is organized by the American Museum of National History, New York;
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; and the Skirball Cultural Center, Los
Angeles, cinstein is made possible through the generous support of Jack and Susan
Rudin and the Skirbaii Foundation, and of the Corporate Tour Sponsor, TIAA-CREF.

Traditions of Transition

This year, the Cultural Connections program will focus on
rites of passage that mark important life transitions, such
as a wedding, naming ceremony, birth or death. Explore
these different rituals at Chicago's diverse cultural institutions.
Call 312.665.7474 or visit vwwv.fieldmuseum.org for information.

iiiifcismgsiiiriiiiaragTggTi

piore

two unique communities.

Modern People, Traditional
Path: Figurines From
Cochiti Pueblo

TliroughAug. 10,2003

Enjoy the playful social commentary of artists who
are blending contemporary American culture
with a traditional art form. See clay sculp-
tures of bikers, tourists and celebrities
made by Cochiti potters, who
are especially known for their
"storyteller" figurines of
women with children on
their laps. This exhibition
focuses on the unique pottery
of the Ortiz family, whose
sculptures are whimsical
and insightful reflections
of modern-day life.

vw:

vj:s"

50 Years
of Powwow
in Chicago

July 25, 2003 -Jan. 18, 2004

Explore a vibrant celebration that helps keep Native
American cultures alive in today's urban world.
Dynamic photographs show the energy and excite-
ment of Chicago's annual Powwow, which attracts
Native Americans from across the United States
to celebrate traditions and pass their culture
on to the next generation. See the drummers,
singers, craftspeople and other community
members that create this unique event.

rO Years of Powwow in Chicago is presented by The Field Museum in collaboration with
:ne American Indian Center.

JOHN WEINSTEIN/AIUigSOlD

Visitor Information

,.^. f^»

I

V

Getting Here: with construction underway at nearby Soldier Field, your
usual route to The Field Museum may have changed. Visit www.fieldmuseum.org
for the latest information on parking, free trolleys and public transit.

Hours: 9am-5pm daily. Last admission at 4pm.

To get tickets: Baseball As America and Eternal Egypt are specially ticketed exhibitions.
Member passes can be reserved in advance by calling Ticketmaster at 312.902.1500 (service
charges apply) or coming to the membership desk near the Museum's south entrance (no service
charges). Non-member tickets can also be reserved in advance through Ticketmaster or in person
at the Museum's admission desks. Day-of tickets are available at the Museum while supplies last.

Accessibility: Visitors using wheelchairs or strollers may be dropped off at the west entrance.
Handicapped parking and wheelchairs are available on a first-come, first-served basis. Call
312.665.7400 to check on the accessibility of programs that take place outside of the Museum.

Information: 312.922.9410 orwww.fieldmuseum.org

14 I IN THE FIELD CALENDAR

SCIENTIST'S PICK

MICHAEL DILLON

To a scientist wino studies flowering plants, flying over a normally barren desert on the west
coast of Peru and seeing a fertile swath of color is a glorious moment. It's the rare occur-
rence that follows the l<nocl<out blows of El Nitio, which occurs every seven to 11 years for
minor events or about every 50 years for major events. The disastrous consequences of this
rainy onslaught are well documented, from devastating floods to depleted fish and sea mam-
mal communities. But what's less apparent is the plentitude Ei NiJio can bring. Hidden seed
banks lying in the desert explode after the rains, leaving a wake of flowers that can last up
to several months.

A Nolana /?()«^er (left).
The Peruvian desert
before and after El Nino
rains (right).

The genus Nolana, shown above, only occurs in Peru and Chile, with one known species in
the Galapagos Islands some 600 miles away. It has 84 known species, an extraordinary
number in this hyper-arid region, where growth of any kind completely depends on sufficient
moisture. What stimulated such evolution?

While it's unknown how long Nolana's seeds can survive in the shriveled soil, it is certain
that such floristic abundance and diversity simply wouldn't exist without these recurring
rains. El Nitio-related bursts of blooming recharge the region's seed banks and provide
spurts of growth for long-lived perennials. In this sense. El Niiio plays a pivotal role in
plant evolution in one of the most parched places on Earth.

Michael DUIon, curator of vascular plants, chose this Scientist's Pick. He is attempting to
reconstruct the evolution of Nolana using its DNA to determine when this El Nino-adapted
genus in Peru diverged from Its probable Chilean ancestors. Visit www.sacha.org for more
information on Dillon's research.

SUMMER 2003 Jiiin— August

15

INTHEFIELDFEATURE

Ecuador

Peru

Brazil

Pacific Ocean

Tiwanaku
CerroBaul *

Clash of the Andean Titans:
Wari and Tiwanaku at Cerro Baul

Piirrick Ryan Williams, Assistatit Curator. Arcliaeoloi;ical Scietice, and
Donna J. ^asU, Adjunct Curator, South American Archaeology

f the Andes-
mountainous central Peru, and the Tiwanaku from the windswept shores of Bolivia's
Lake Titicaca. In only one place has evidence for direct confrontation been discovered,
the Moquegua Valley of southern Peru. Here, the Wari thrust forth their frontier and
erected a citadel atop an imposing mesa, Cerro Baul, where they held sway for 400
years. A mere five miles away, the Tiwanaku toiled in their fields and built grandiose
temples of stone and adobe. Recent Field Museum research on this majestic peak has
revealed startling insights into how the Wari and Tiwanaku interacted, and how their
dynamic relationship ultimately contributed to the rise of the Inca Empire.

An anthropological rarity

Cerro Baul is a unique mesa formation in south-
ern Peru looming 600 meters above the valley
floor. Today it is an apu, or sacred place, that serves
as a pilgrims' destination for making offerings
to the mountain spirit. In Wari times, a small city
rested on its summit with palace complexes, temples
and ritual feasting facilities for entertaining digni-
taries. Despite the fact that the Wari and Tiwanaku
apparently shared a 500-kilometer border between
Moquegua and Cuzco, Cerro Baul is the only
place where evidence of direct interaction has
been discovered thus far. It is clearly a unique
combination of fortress, provincial capital, imperial
embassy and sacred city. Since the overlap between
ancient states that never conquered one another is
rare, the Moquegua frontier is a unique place for
studying the dynamics of imperial confrontation
and ethnic diversity.

Similar faiths, different societies

Although the Wari and Tiwanaku shared similar
iconography and religious practices, they were

economically and politically quite distinct. The
Tiwanaku, virtuosos of stone masonry, built enor-
mous temple mounds and palaces. They transformed
the windswept altiphvio, or high plain, into a network
of groundwater-fed canals and raised field systems
for altitude-tolerant crops such as potatoes, tubers and
quinoa. Herding such animals as the native Andean
llama and alpaca provided both meat and wool.
However, in order to grow temperate crops, such
as corn and coca, two important staples to Tiwanaku
ritual life, they had to extend into the lower valleys
toward the Amazon or the Pacific Ocean.

The Wari, on the other hand, centered their
empire along the spine of the Andes. They perfected
high-altitude irrigation terracing to turn the steep
mountain slopes into productive farmland for corn,
peppers, coca and other crops. Their capital was a
thriving city of several square kilometers and tens
of thousands of inhabitants. Throughout their realm,
they erected large, quadrangular comple.xes of tall,
straight-lined buildings that resembled barrack com-
plexes with restricted access. From afar, these did not
look like the temple pyramids of the Tiwanaku, but

16 ' IN THE FIELD

were imposing urban intrusions on the landscape.
Wari textiles and pottery show vibrant depictions
of warriors, anthropomorphic beings and Viracocha,
the principal deity. While theTiwanaku invited
worship through their colossal temples — featuring
monuments carved with Viracocha and other super-
natural beings — the Wari brought rehgion to the
people through the mundane material objects of
textiles and pottery.

The superpowers cease

These two vastly disparate civilizations met each
other in the Moquegua sierra. Through our
research at Cerro Baiil, we have been tracing their
intertwined development and ultimate political
demise sometime around 1000. Early interaction
was limited. The Wari brought large numbers of
settlers to colonize the region surrounding Cerro
Baiil (ca. 600), while Tiwanaku settlement was lim-
ited to the lower reaches of the Moquegua river
valley. This hostile standoff was not resolved by vio-
lent exchanges, at least as reflected on Tiwanaku
skeletal remains, but rather through radical changes
in Wari and Tiwanaku politics.

The Wari reconstructed their mountaintop city
to incorporate offices for the state. Meanwhile, the
Tiwanaku downstream built an immense temple
complex at Omo, the only one of its kind outside
the Tiwanaku altiplano heartland. Finally, many Wari
colonists left their homes on the slopes of Cerro
Baul, and new communities made up of Tiwanaku
settlers began to form around the Wari summit.

These new alliances between Tiwanaku settlers

Donna Nash and Kirk Costion note
the depths of the first excavation layer

and Wari elites may have contributed to the
Tiwanaku s dechne. Factions formed between the
Tiwanaku peoples who lived under Wari rule and
those who remained loyal to the downstream
Tiwanaku state elites. The loss of labor resources and
people leaving their political lordship may have
destabilized the Tiwanaku status quo. Some scholars
have argued that a severe drought that began around
1050 led to the Tiwanaku s collapse. If our recon-
struction of the social splitting is accurate, the
inherent vulnerability in the social system may have
impeded an effective response to the drought.

Not long after 1000, both Tiwanaku and Wari
had abandoned their Moquegua settlements, and
reverberations spread throughout their realms. By
1 1 00, the sister states had entirely collapsed. Smaller
regional kingdoms ensued, building on the develop-
ments of the Wari and Tiwanaku. One of these
eventually became the hica Empire, the most
powerful and extensive native state the
Americas had ever seen.

Investigating these ancient Andean
supremacies is giving us new insights into
how communities integrate, how they cope
with the power of the empire and how they
ally themselves with compering poliries to
achieve local autonomy. In todays world,
where national priorities and security reach
beyond our traditional borders and force
us to interact with other nations, often
aggressively, it is imperative to examine
these interactions and their effects on people
and communities. While government
administrations come and go, it is the people
who endure and ultimately judge the inter-
pretation of history. ITF

Tlie Cerro Baul Expedition has been sponsored
by the G.A. Bruno Foundation, the Heinz
Family Foundation, the National Science
Foundation, the Asociacion Contisuyo, the
University of Florida and The Field Museum.

Visit wunv. fteldmuseum.org for more
information on Drs. Williams and Nash.

ClassicWari ritual
drinking vessels from
Cerro Baul. The first
is modeled as a
human foot.

Buried remains may be invisible on the ground surface, but using techniques related to x-ray imaging,
archaeologists can "see" what's underneath to understand how ancient societies developed and flour-
ished. In one instance, we used geophysical survey technologies at Cerro Baul to map out remains of
the ancient city. Since excavation is time consuming and expensive, we are limited in the amount of
area we can expose. With ground-penetrating radar, we transmit a radar wave into the ground —
about the same frequency as a television broadcast antenna — and measure its reflections off of
buried objects. This way we can distinguish hidden archaeological features, such as ancient buildings,
tombs or buried agricultural fields. The Field Museum's Laboratory for GIS & Remote Sensing now
manages an array of techniques and equipment for this type of research.

■»'' I Ryan Williams uses a gradiomcter to sense differences in the Earth's ittagnetic field that represent Inirird
archaeological fialutvs.

SUMMER 2003 June-Aus;iisl 17

INTHEFIELDNEWS

Madagascar's falanouc
(Eupleres goudotii),
a nocturnal, solitary
animal that is endan-
gered, descended from
animals that dispersed
from Africa 24 to 1 8
million years ago.

A cladogram showing the
dispersal of Madagascar
Carnivora from Africa.

Hyenas

Mongooses

-Civets
^Cats
- Nandinia
(African palm "civet")
Dogs and relatives

Field Museum Researchers Help

Trace Origin of Madagascar's Mammals

Greg Borzo, Media Manager, Academic Affairs

Divorced from Africa some 165 million years ago (Mya) due to continental drift, the
island of Madagascar features an eclectic cast of plants and animals found nowhere else
on Earth. Scientists have long contested which life forms were already on Madagascar
when it broke off and which ones trekked over an alleged land bridge. Surprising find-
ings published in Nature on Feb. 13, 2003, say that certain mammals floated over.

"At long last, statistical methods for estimating
divergence ages are becoming sufficiently sophisti-
cated that we can have confidence in their
accuracy," said Anne Yoder, associate professor
of evolutionary biology at Yale University, Field
Museum research associate and lead author of
the Nature paper.

The study also says that lemurs colonized
Madagascar in a single over-water event about 66
to 62 Mya, confirming that crossing a large water
barrier rarely occurs among land mammals.

The authors noted that many of the mammals'
ability to hibernate or maintain a state of torpor
for long periods might have helped them survive
the long voyage without food or water. Such infor-
mation can help us understand other mammal
dispersals, such as how monkeys and rodents got
from Africa to South America.

Madagascar's biodiversity today

Madagascar, which lies about 240 miles off of Africa s
east coast, is the worlds fourth largest island. Since
some 80 percent of its plants and animals live only
there, the island offers incredible insight into evolu-
tion, biodiversity and biogeography.

Field Museum researchers have been actively
studying the fossil record and modern animal life in
Madagascar. Collaborating closely with the Universite
d' Antananarivo, Flynn has led five fossil-coUecting
expeditions there since 1996, and Steven Goodman,
a Field Museum biologist, has lived and worked there
for 12 years. His definitive 1,500-page book, Tlte
Natural Histoq' of Madagascar, co-edited with Jonathan
Benstead, will be published later this year.

"The Nature study is extremely important
for understanding the biogeographic history of
Madagascar and the evolution of Carnivora,"
Goodman said. "It also will inform conservation
decisions and could be used to help preserve what's
left of Madagascar's precious biodiversity." ITF

Tlte study ims supported by grants from the National
Science Foundation and conducted with colleagues
from Yale University, Northwestern University and the
Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris).
WWF (Antananarivo, Madagascar) and the Universite
d' Antananarivo provided essential assistance and support.

All of Madagascar's living Carnivora, which includes
dogs, cats, bears, hyenas and their relatives, descended
from a single species that drifted across the ocean
aboard wayward vegetation about 24 to 18 Mya.
Previously, scientists believed that Madagascar's seven
living Carnivora represented separate lineages that
colonized the island independently.

"Our research shows that all of Madagascar's
Carnivora together represent a unique evolutionary
branch formed by a significant, one-time event,"
said co-author John Flynn, MacArthur curator of
fossil mammals at The Field Museum. "In fact, all
100 or so known species of terrestrial mammals
native to Madagascar, which fall into four orders —
carnivorans, lemurs, tenrecs and rodents — can now
be explained by only four colonization events."
The intractable mystery of how and when mam-
mals first populated Madagascar
stems from the fact that the fossil
record is virtually non-existent for
the last 65 million years. To over-
come this problem, the researchers
compared the genes of today's
Carnivora to some of their closest
relatives in Africa and Asia. They
>. also estimated when the animals
^ differentiated from each other.
8 The new research establishes that
I Carnivora arrived on the island
5 more recently than other theories
I had predicted.

Fossa

jyV—^^^^alagasy civet"

Cryptoprocta
"the fossa"

18

IN THE FIELD

OFSPECIALINTEREST

Step to the Plate in Our Field of Dreams

Enjoy our main hall transformed into a field within the Field — a baseball field, that is,
replete with virtual batting, ballpark fare. Hall of Fame guest appearances and more.

On Friday, June 20, from 8pm to lam, join the Field Associates for
its annual fundraiser. Field of Dreams, featuring the Baseball As America
exhibition, will celebrate this beloved sport's values — teamwork, diver-
sity, fair play, opportunity, invention and excellence — while raising
funds for the Museum's capital campaign.

Have fun with numerous games, including virtual batting, dunk
tanks and pitching contests. Dance with the Gentlemen of Leisure, a
popular Chicago jazz band. Munch on your favorite ballpark snacks,
from Cracker Jacks to jumbo dogs. Try your luck in our raffle and
silent auction, which will feature coveted basebaU-related prizes, as
well as restaurant, retail and travel packages. Catch a close-up glimpse
of your favorite Hall of Fame legends and White Sox and Cubs
players, who will appear throughout the evening.

Tickets are $55 for Field Associates members, $65 for non-members
and $75 at the door. Block tickets are available at 10 for $550. Visit
www.fieldmuseum.org/fieldassociates for tickets, or contact Erin
Mersinger, Field Associates manager, at 312.665.7133 or emersinger@fmnh.org.

TTze Field Associates is a diverse group of young professionals committed to promoting the Museum's collections,
research and public programs. It recently provided funding for our new customized guides, interactive tools that help
visitors organize their trip around specific exhibitions and themes.

More Impmvements Coming to Museum Campus

After a challenging year and a half of construction
around Museum Campus and Soldier Field, we are
finally beginning to turn the corner. Several projects are
coming to completion that will ultimately mean easier,
safer access for you and your family and friends.

McFetridge Drive, the street that connects Lake Shore Drive to the
Museum Campus, will partially close this summer for renovation.
Around the same time, a new two-level parking lot with 1,600 spaces
is expected to open just south of Soldier Field, accessible via 18th
Street. A new scenic boulevard, also scheduled to open in early summer,
will connect this lot to Museum Campus. Free trolleys will continue
to transport you to and from all parking lots. In the fall, the most
anticipated addition should be completed — an indoor parking lot
with 2,500 spaces directly across from The Field Museum.

Public transportation remains a great alternative to driving. CTA
offers direct bus service from downtown and commuter rail stations
to Museum Campus. Free Museum Campus trolleys also run to
and from CTA's Roosevelt Road rail stations every day of the year.

As with all major construction projects, schedules are subject
to change. Please check www.museumcampus.org before your visit
for the latest information on travel and parking. We appreciate your
patience throughout this transition time and eagerly await your
return visits.

SUMMER 2003 June-Aiigiin

19

fiu)mthearc;hives

The First Specimens: Honoring

IIQ Years of Collections and Research

To some, it's a dead frog in a Petri dish. But to a zoologist, tine leopard frog below
represents a treasury of scientific data.

The Field Museum was founded to house collections
fiom the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893. 110
years later, our collections, comprising about 21.5
million specimens and artifacts, are the backbone for
nearly everything we do.

Scientists have described only 2 to 15 percent
of all estimated species in the world. Collections,
therefore, are essential to research and conservation.
They help us know when a new species is really a
new species. They can tell us how human behavior
affects nature s populations over tiine, such as how pes-

ticides have led to declining bird populations. We can
identify important areas to protect: Inventorying Peru's
plants and animals led to establishing a national park.
We can use coOections to train conservationists in
countries where scientific expertise is in short supply,
such as Bhutan. And we can incorporate collections
into our educational programs and exhibitions.

Below are some of the Museum's first specimens
to honor more than a century of collecting and col-
lections-based research. Watch for more in the fall
issue of In the Field.

JOHNWEINSTEIN/l Z94371 01D 2.GE086367D 3Z94368.01

1) Leopard Jrog, Rana pipiens. Zoology's amphibians and reptiles collection. Tire first specimen collected by the Museum's first curator of ichthyology and
herpetology, Oliver Hay, in Chicago in 1895. 2) Red sandstone (left) fiom Connecticut, stony meteorite (middle) that fell in Iowa in 1875 and granite
(right) from France. Some of the first specimens acquired through the Exposition of 1893 for the physical geology collections. 3) Bicknell's Tlmish,
Catharus bickneUi. Catalog #1 in zoology's bird collection. Collected by George Cherrie in 1895 fiom the Dominican Republic.

JOHN WEiNSTEIN/ 4 Al 14234. OlD 5.Z9437401D 6Z9437001C

4) An Aztec ceramic head from AD 1300-1520 representing Coailicue-Cihuacoatl . A rattle probably used for religious purposes. Catalog # / in the
anthropology collection. Collected by F.H. Sellars before 1904 in Mexico. 5)Yellou> bullhead, Ameiurus natalis. Zoology s fishes collection. Collected by
Oliver Hay fiom Indiana in 1875 or 1895. 6) Tibia insulaechorab Roding. Collected by Peter Forsskdl in 1762 or 1763 from the Red Sea dur-
ing a Danish expedition to Arabia. He died of malaria inYctnen. Part of a collection that had several owners before we acquired it in 1959, and probably
among the invertebrate division 's earliest collected specimens.

20

IN THE FIELD

MEMBERSHIP/ANNUALFUNDNEWS

New Free Services to Enhance Your Experience

To enhance your experience with The Field Museum, we've developed two new free
offerings to better serve you and deepen your connection to our vast institution.

The first is e-News From The Field, an electronic newsletter published every six to eight
weeks with the latest details on new exhibitions, groundbreaking research, fun family pro-
grams and other activities that you won't want to miss. Log onto www.fieldmuseum.org and
click on the "Sign up for e-newsletter" button to subscribe.

Even the most frequent Field Museum visitor can feel over-
whelmed by all there is to see and do. On your next visit,
pick up our new Family Highlights Tour, the first in a
series of customized guides to help you organize your
trip around a specific theme. This itinerary incorpo-
rates "can't miss" sights and questions to explore
related to four different exhibition trails — Dinosaurs,
Inside Ancient Egypt, Underground Adventure and
Nature Walk.

The customized guides are sponsored by Bank One. The Field Associates generously provided
additional funding.

A Higher Investment

Increase your support of The Field Museum by joining the annual fund, one of the best
ways to provide important financial resources above and beyond those derived from daily
admission fees, sales and membership.

Please consider becoming part of a significant group of donors this year by renewing
at the annual fund level, which starts at $100. Visit our table at Members' Nights for
more information, or contact us at 312.665.7777 or annualfund@fmnh.org.

Hotel Packages for Family and Friends

With convenient locations, wonderful amenities and a range of options for every budget,
several Chicago area hotels are offering special packages that include tickets to Eternal
Egypt. Below is a snapshot of our hotel partners and one of the tempting amenities they
each offer. Check the "Planning Your Visit" section on www.fieldmuseum.org for details.

Chicago's Essex Inn

800.621.6909

Complimentary 24-hour valet parking

Days Inn Lincoln
Parl< North

888.LPI\I.DAYS

Deluxe continental breai<fast

The Fairmont Chicago

800.441.1414

Late 5pm checkout on day of departure

Hotel 71

800.621.4005

Full-color Eternal Egypt catalog

Lenox Suites Hotel

312.337.1000

Continental breakfast for two

Millennium Knickerbocker

800.621.8140

Complimentary continental breakfast

Park Hyatt Chicago

312.335.1234

Complimentary limited-edition photo book

Swissdtel Chicago

888.737.9477

Breakfast for two at Geneva or through

room service

Tremont Hotel

312.751.1900

Either an "Absolut Egypt martini" or

dessert at Mike Ditka's Restaurant

DETAIL OF BOOK OF THE DEAD CTRUSTEES OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM. COURTESY AFA

SUMMER 2003 June-Aiigusr Fai

Year of Biodiversity and Conservation

starting This Fall

Explore our contributions to biodiversity science.
From September 2003 through iVIay 2004,
The Field Museum's Year of Biodiversity and
Conservation will offer exclusive opportunities
to meet our scientists, hear lectures, visit spe-
cial exhibitions and participate in educational
programs that feature our research in service
to the Earth and its inhabitants. Each month
we will highlight a different theme, bringing
important perspectives to some of the most
provocative and pressing environmental topics of
our time. This fall, watch for programs on climate
change in September, African biodiversity in October
and genetic biodiversity in November.

JOHN WtlNSTEIN/GN90491_179D

I

Conservation makes a world of difference

Il^HEFIELD

Fall 2003
September-

November

^serM^S

The Field Museum s
Year of Biodiversity
and Conservation

FROMTHEPIl£SIDENT

Real Scientists, Real Science: The Year of
Biodiversity and Conservation (YBC)

Our planet's bountiful variety of plants, fungi and animals — what scientists call "biodiver-
sity"— is worth celebrating and preserving. Biodiversity is not just the sheer numbers of
species on Earth, but also the web of complex partnerships that connects every living
organism. No species, including humans, can exist without interacting with other species.

Hear about lemon shark
research during the YBC's
November theme of
genetic hiodwersity.

Nature provides innumerable bene-
fits that sustain liuman life, from
the fundamental resources of air
and water to food, shelter and medi-
cines. Yet species are vanishing at a
frightening rate. If humans continue
altering the environment through
such activities as pollution, defor-
estation and over-fishing, a major
extinction — lil<ened to the disap-
pearance of dinosaurs — is inevitable.
Scientists have described only 1.75
million species, a tiny fraction of
the estimated millions more that
exist. If we do not know what is out
there now, how can we race to con-
serve it for the future?

The Field Museum is dedicating
this academic year as The Year
of Biodiversity and Conservation
(YBC). For more than a century.
Museum scientists have scoured the
Earth's natural areas in search of
specimens that can teach us about
biodiversity. Today, some 600
researchers — from our own cura-
tors to graduate students to visiting
scientists — are affiliated with the
Museum, either documenting biodi-
versity or designing measures to
protect it. Each one, regardless
of his or her
particular research
interest, is passion-
ately committed to
answering basic
questions on what's
out there and why
it's important to
the fragile web
of life.

Our collections, which now number
22 million specimens and artifacts,
are the lifeblood that sustains the
Museum's scientific endeavors.
More than drawers filled with speci-
mens, the collections are a carefully
conserved archive of nature and cul-
ture that is available to researchers
worldwide. By comparing the
appearance, behavior, genetic
makeup and other factors of a
recently obtained specimen to
one we already have, researchers
can understand evolution, how
environmental changes affected a
particular species or, in some cases,
if an unusual specimen is truly new
to science.

During a fossil-collecting expedition
to Wyoming, Lance Grande, a cura-
tor in geology, wrote this in an
email for the expeditions@fieldmu-
seum program: "Without collections
such as ours, and those of a handful
of other major research museum
around the world, much of the docu-
mented knowledge on the natural
sciences would be in danger of col-
lapsing like a house of cards."

But how effective would we be if we
were working alone? Training the
next generation of scientists is a
mission few Museum scientists take
lightly, especially in countries where
education, funding and research
facilities are limited. From Central
America to Asia to Africa, we're
actively training students, park
rangers and others in collecting
and collections-based research.

Ultimately, building a critical mass
of scientists worldwide is the only
way to advance long-term studies
and protection of the Earth's
biodiversity. The Field Museum
is spectacularly positioned to
contribute to this effort.

Each month of the YBC will high-
light a different environmental
theme through special education
programs, exhibitions and opportu-
nities to meet or learn about Field
Museum scientists. (The next three
issues of In the Field will be dedi-
cated to the YBC.) To kick it off,
participate in Chicago's first Race
to Stop Global Warming on Sunday,
Sept. 21. Then come to the Museum
that afternoon for exciting perfor-
mances and educational activities.

Our scientists are unsung heroes
working behind the scenes and
around the world to shed light on
the global status of plant and ani-
mal life. Please support our work in
biodiversity and conservation with
the enclosed gift envelope. We're
proud of our scientists and their
unrelenting efforts, and we know
you are too.

John W. McCarter, Jr.
President & CEO

Support for Year of Biodiversity and Conservation
programming provided by the City of Chicago,
Richard U. Daley, Mayor; Department of
Envlromnent, N. Marcia Jim^rtez, Convnissioner.

What Ho vQij think ?b<^utln th? FipiH'^

For general membership inquiries, including address changes, call 312.665.7700. For questions about
the magazine In the Field, call 312.665.7115, email acranchcafmnh.org, or write Amy E. Cranch,
Editor, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605-2496.

rt-.in.-..->:m-yT.-^-

INTHEFIELD

Fall 2003, September- November,
Vol.74, No. 4

Editor:

Amy E. Cranch, The Field Museum

Intern:

Adam Voiland

Design:

Depke Design

Copy editor:

Laura R Nelson

OIn the Field is printed on recycled paper
using soy-based inks. All images ©The
Field Museum unless otherwise specified.

In the Field (ISSN #1051-4546) is published
quarterly by The Field Museum. Copyright
2003 The Field Museum. Annual subscriptions
are $20; $10 for schools. Museum membership
includes In the Field subscription. Opinions
expressed by authors are their own and do
not necessarily reflect the policy of The Field
Museum. Notification of address change should
include address label and should be sent to
the membership department. POSTMASTER:
Send address changes to Membership, The
Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive,
Chicago, IL 60605-2496. Periodicals postage
paid at Chicago, Illinois.

Cover: African Sunbirds, by Peggy Macnamara.

The Field Museum salutes the people of
Chicago for their long-standing, generous
support of the Museum through the
Chicago Park District.

j:

fe

Field

useum

1400 South Lake Shore Drive
Chicago, IL 60605-2496
312.922.9410
wvwv.fieldmuseum.org

The enigmatic sunbird is a model for
exploring Africa's high-altitude birds.
Top: Golden Winged Sunbird, Nectarinia
reichenowi

4

The Pritzker Lab makes analyzing DNA
as easy as baking a cake.
Middle: Dr. Kevin Feldheim uses DNA to study
mating among lemon sharks.

6

Join an all-star cast of human origins and
evolution experts to honor 100 years of
discovery since the birth of legendary
anthropologist Louis Leakey.

16

Geology experts collected 1.5 tons of
plant fossils from Greenland that might
reveal the effects of global warming.
Bottom: Dr. Jennifer McElwain led the
month-long expedition.

Mijspum Campus Neighbors

After 20 months of construction. Soldier Field's renovation is
wrapping up this fall. We welcome the new amenities that will serve
stadium and IVluseum Campus guests alike, including a children's
garden, improved signage and, most importantly, better parking.

Parking near the museums has been challenging during the past two
summers. The Waldron Parking Garage south of Soldier Field, accessible
via 18th St., has now opened. A new 2,500-car garage directly across
from The Field Museum is slated to open this fall. Limited parking is still
available in the North and Planetarium lots as well. Free trolleys continue
to serve all lots surrounding Soldier Field and the museums.

Public transportation remains a great alternative to driving. Many
CTA bus routes serve IVluseum Campus, and free trolley service is
provided from the CTA and Metra train stops on Roosevelt Road.

For the latest information on parking, trolleys and more, check
www.museumcampus.org before your visit. We appreciate your patience
during the stadium's long construction period, and eagerly await your

return visits.

FALL 2003 September- Novemba

AFRICAN BIODIVERSITY

Sunbirds a Model for Studying
African Bird Evolution

Dr. Raiiri Bowie, Postdoctoral Fellow, Zoolog)' Department

The sunbirds were in a taxonomic pinch. Field Museum scientists wanted to use these
vibrant, enigmatic birds as a model for exploring how birds developed in Africa's mon-
tane (high-altitude) forests. But there was something missing — a solid evolutionary
tree, making any inferences beyond that almost impossible. It's like building a house
with no foundation. Four years and 3.5 million base pairs of DNA later, an evolution-
ary tree for African sunbirds finally took root.

-■i^S'

r-v.--

' < I /:. '•

Nectarinia notata,
Madagascar

Inset: Regal Sunbird,
Nectarinia regia,
Uganda

Islands in the sky

A 5,000-kilonieter chain of mountains runs along
Africa's east coast from Ethiopia to South Africa,
with additional isolated mountain chains to the
far west in Angola and Cameroon. Only a few
scattered areas are high enough (greater than
1 ,800 meters) for montane forests to develop.
Some of these habitats are within sight of each
other, whereas others are separated by hundreds of
kilometers. Yet, in nearly all cases, the intervening
vegetation bars species from moving from one
highland to another, thus confining their breeding
ranges to high, isolated habitats.

In addition, mountain vegetation is stratified into
distinct zones with radical physical conditions. Thin
air and a predominantly cloudless sky freeze the
upper slopes at night and scorch them by day. While
it is rare for tropical organisms to survive this daily
ordeal, whole communities, in fact, have adapted to
these habitats.

Nearly 300 species of African birds breed above

1 ,800 meters in montane zones and are among the
continent's most rare birds. Some species are
restricted to a single mountain range with popula-
tions that may total less than 2,000 individuals. This
makes studying them a high conservation priority.
Like many species that need protection, however,
very Uttle is known about them. It is puzzling, for
e.xample, that despite huge distances and unfavor-
able habitats between montane ranges, many bird
species reappear in even the most secluded forests.
Did they fly over, or were these ranges once
connected?

Approximately 83 species of sunbirds, which
include the largest bird genus Nectarinia, have
developed in Africa. Nectar-feeders and pollinators
like hummingbirds, they are most abundant in areas
where other montane birds exist, thus making them
ideal candidates for studying high-altitude birds.

Whereas most sunbirds are African and live in
forests, species occur throughout the Indian Ocean

IN THE FIELD

islands, Asia and Indonesia, with one species reach-
ing Australia. Some species occupy such harsh
environments as the deserts of South Africa and the
Afro-alpine heathlands of Africa's tallest mountains.
Yet despite these widely different habitats, sunbirds
exhibit remarkable skeletal uniformity. At the same
time, their dissimilar morphological features, such
as multihued, iridescent plumage and varying beak
lengths, have made it difficult to establish their ori-
gins and relationships. Two species that look alike
and have similar life histories might actually be as
different as a lion and a house cat, a process called
convergence. Sunbirds' muddled evolutionary rela-
tionships casts doubt on their utility as a model for
exploring high-altitude biogeography.

The Field Museum is one of only a few U. S.
institutions with one of the largest bird tissue
collections in the world, a modern laboratory
for DN A analyses and nearly all of the world's sun-
bird species in its collections. This enables me and
other researches to combine traditional morpholog-
ical studies with more modern DNA sequencing
studies, which is why I have been visiting The
Field Museum since 1999.

Piecing it all together

After four years of shuttling between South
Africa and The Field Museum, I finally
have a better understanding of sunbird rela-
tionships. Dr. Shannon Hackett, a curator in
birds, and 1 assembled 3.5 million base pairs
of DNA — the largest DNA sequence dataset
for any bird family to date — and reconfig-
ured the phylogenetic tree. The Asian
sunbirds form a cluster at the base of the
tree, which suggests that sunbirds originated
in Asia. After colonizing Africa 8 to 11 mil-
lion years ago, the species underwent a rapid
and dramatic radiation, possibly because
nectar plants were available, which resulted
in exceptional species richness.

However, one Asian species, the Olive-backed
Sunbird, is more closely related to African sunbirds
than to any Asian species, which suggests that at
least some birds moved back to Asia. Further, the
family tree we constructed implies that structural
uniformity among sunbirds is due to similar behav-
iors (i.e. all feed on nectar), rather than a common
evolutionary origin (i.e. convergence). We have also
noted that the present taxonomy, which was based
on lumping short- and long-billed species into
groups, is in disarray. Using the revised family tree,
we are developing an alternative classification
scheme for sunbirds.

Back to square one

With an improved understanding of sunbird evolu-
tion, I have been able to turn my attention back to
unraveling the relationship intricacies among

Africa's other montane bird communities. DNA
analyses to date are intriguing: Many populations
appear to be much more isolated than previously
thought, with little to no gene flow occurring
among populations once thought to be connected.
The results suggest that temperature and rainfall
changes during the past 3 million years have caused
the montane forests to repeatedly contract and
expand, thus successively connecting and breaking
apart montane communities. In some cases, we have
been able to corroborate morphological evidence,
such as different plumage colors, with DNA data to
suggest that some populations should be accorded
species status. In the same vein, our fieldwork has
uncovered a spurt of new distribution records and
a possible new sunbird species from Tanzania.
I have started to branch out into other bird
famihes in hopes of identifying regional mountain
complexes where these diverse lineages reside. I am
also trying to understand how these lineages fit into
the larger Tree of Life for birds. I want to continue
my yearly migration to The Field Museum to
interact with its wonderful staff and make use of

its facilities and collections. Understanding how
African montane communities evolved impinges
on their conservation. Whether we are studying one
bird species occurring on five mountains or five
bird species each restricted to one mountain, the
conservation implications are dramatically different.

Our research on African sunbirds is a striking
example of how broad and sometimes messy sci-
ence can be in order to loosen the knots around
a particular area of interest. In my case, I had to
understand sunbird evolution before I grasped
when mountains merged and diverged. Today's
scientists have to be geographers, geologists, clima-
tologists, behavioral scientists, DNA specialists
and more. And sometimes we have to take two
steps back before moving forward in our original
research goals. Then again, that's half the fun of
being a scientist. ITF

FALL 2003 September-November

YBC SPOTLIGHT: GENETIC BIODIVERSITY

Pritzker Lab Follows Recipe for DNA Analysis

Kevin Feldheim, PhD, Manager, Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution

If you've ever baked a cake, then you have the skills necessary to become a molecular
biologist. Isolating DNA from a cell, whether from skin, a blood smear or a hair follicle,
is as easy as following a recipe.

»

•«.

:!:ii:

\J^l

m-'

C'^'^

t:." WiiM

V'^

|ii?>J

■ ■ '^ '^^m

pim '

S^v^^l

V n

KT * Tf^

IM

ji^^ii^jQ

Right: Lemoti shark
Above: A DNA sequence

Since the double helix was described 50 years ago,
DNA — the unit of inheritance found in every
living cell — has revolutionized how we view the
world. While television and film showcase DNA's
power as a crime-fighting tool, scientists use it to
address fundamental questions on how all living
species are related and evolved. As complex as this
task may seem, DNA itself is quite simple. It is
made up of four components, the nucleotides
adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G) and cytosine
(C).The only difference between your DNA and
that of the fungus on your shower floor is how
these nucleotides are arranged! The Field Museum's
Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics
and Evolution helps biologists answer many
questions that were, until recently, intractable.

One of the first and most
advanced such labs among
natural history museums,
the Pritzker Lab was cre-
ated for the genetic analysis
and preservation of the
world's biodiversity. In my
opinion, it's the most
I exciting place to work in
Chicago. Where else can
you find scientists research-
ing organisms from around the globe that span the
taxonomic spectrum, including fiingi, bats, fi"ogs,
millipedes, parrotfish, clams, moths, birds, kelp,
ancient humans, lichens, and, my favorite, sharks?

Equally as diverse are the scientists who use the
lab, fi-om our own curators and postdoctoral associ-
ates to graduate students and visiting scientists. In
fact, only about 50 percent of the lab's users are
American. For example, Nora Wirtz, a student fi-om
Germany, is working with botany curator Thorsten
Lumbsch to study Antarctic lichens. Pepe Tello, a
Peruvian student at the University of Illinois, is
exploring South American birds.

Shark mating a geaetic predicament

My interest in sharks was piqued when my parents
wouldn't let me sec Jaws: I've been fascinated ever
since. In particular, I study the mating system of
lemon sharks, large coastal sharks found mainly in
the western Atlantic. Sharks have a startling \ariety
of mating habits. Some lay eggs, windmg the egg
cases around seaweed or pushing them into rock
crevices. Othci ■- rctani eggs in the womb, giving

birth to live pups. Other species have a placental-
like connection between mother and pup. Lemon
sharks, in fact, are born with the umbilical cord
still attached and have a beUy button for the first
year of their lives.

How did such incredible diversity come to be?
Although sharks inspire great fiction, fear and
fascination, almost nothing is known about them
scientifically, especially compared to other verte-
brate groups. One of my dissertation advisors has
been studying lemon sharks for more than 30
years and has never seen them mate! Using DNA
collected from lemon sharks at Bimini, Bahamas,
40 miles east of Miami, Fla., we were able to
address the mating mystery.

DNA analysis step by step

We extract a fin clip the size of aspirin from sharks
we encounter, and from there, isolating and analyz-
ing DNA in the lab is relatively straighttoiward.
First, a simple detergent breaks down the tissue

4 I IN THE FIELD

M.

and cells, releasing proteins, cellular debris and
DNA.The proteins are removed, and ethanol and
salt are added to separate out the DNA. The DNA
pellet is re-suspended in a buffer, containing our
organism's entire genome within a one-inch tube.

Since whole-genome analysis isn't practical —
sequencing the human genome took years and
scores of scientists worldwide — we examine specific

TP

wT ^

H

1

i

■^

ib

-'1

regions of DNA depending on the questions we are
asking. I want to identify the mating practices of indi-
vidual sharks, so I use extremely variable regions that
enable me to genetically distinguish one individual
from another. Other scientists in the lab, testing differ-
ences between whole populations or species, use
regions that are not as variable.

To examine a specific DNA region, we copy
it with a simple method called polymerase chain
reaction (PCR).To prepare, we mix DNA,
nucleotides (As, Gs,Ts and Cs), primers (short
pieces of DNA that bind to our target DNA
region) and a catalyzing enzyme in a small tube. In
the first step, called denaturing, the double-stranded
DNA is broken apart into two single strands. Then,
during annealing, the primers bind to the areas sur-
rounding our region of interest. In the final step,
called extension, the individual nucleotides attach
to the primers one .ifter another to form a new
strand of DNA.

These three steps are repeated 25 to 35 times
and produce hundreds of millions of copies of the
segment of interest in just two to three hours. The
DNA, visualized on a gel that resembles a thin slice
of Jell-O, is ready to be analyzed.

1 perform an analysis that simply enables me to
compare the sizes of amplified DNA between
individual sharks. But the most common analysis
used in the Pritzker Lab is called sequencing. Here,
nucleotides that lack a hydroxyl (an oxygen-hydro-
gen group) are added to every position on the
target region to stop it from extending. This results
in fragments of different lengths that are labeled
with one of four fluorescent dyes. Then the DNA is
run through an automated sequencer. A laser causes
the dye molecules to brighten and focus as columns
of light that, on paper, look like a panorama of col-
ored roller coasters. This enables the instrument to
differentiate and sequence the As, Gs,Ts and Cs,
making our job that much easier.

What the sequences tell us

What do scientists glean from the data? They
search for similarities and differences that may
help explain how a species evolved. If the DNA
matches in taxa nos. 1, 2 and 3,
we can assume that they're the
same species. If the DNA in
taxon no. 4 deviates, we can
assume it's a different species.
Mapping out these similarities
and differences is how scientists
construct a phylogenetic, or relationship, tree.
From here scientists can investigate endless
characteristics based on their specific research
interests. Our own scientists have examined such
questions as how crab-eating evolved in certain
Philippine snakes or why certain ginseng species
exist in only two places on Earth. John Bates,
chairman of the zoology department, discovered a
new species of flycatcher using DNA sequences.

DNA analyses enabled my team to determine
that most female lemon sharks mate with more
than one male to produce each litter. We also dis-
covered that female lemon sharks return to Bimini
every other year to give birth to their litters.

Darwin's brilliant vision of a Tree of Life, in
which all life forms are genetically linked, has
prompted scientists to classify organisms into groups
and discern relationships. Yet many branches of the
Tree of Life remain unanalyzed, even unknown. The
Pritzker Lab, with its cutting-edge technology and
researchers, is contributing to a greater understand-
ing of how life evolved. ITF

As pari of thcYear of Biodiversity and Comervalion, Dr
Feldlieim will lead n tour of the Pritzker Lab on Friday,
Nop. 14. See the aileudarfor details.

Phylogenetic trees help us
differentiate once species
from the next.

««>**

r***^.

Enhydris bocourti
Cerberus rynchops —
Erpeton tentaculatum
Homalopsis buccata

i¥

FALL 2003 Seplcmber-Noivmhii

YBC SPOTLIGHT: AFRICAN BIODIVERSITY

Celebrating a Legend: Centennial
Tribute to Louis Leal<ev^

For millions of years, East Africa has been a main stage for one of our planet's greatest
dramas — human evolution. Modern African paleoanthropology began with Louis S. B.
Leakey, a dashing scholar and storyteller who opened the world's eyes to that continent
as the birthplace of humans. He enraptured crowds with accounts of his search for
ancient human fossils and demonstrations with simple stone technology. His devotion
fueled a family business that has trickled down three generations, and a public passion
'for prehistory that has never abated. .,^

Drs. Meave and Lotibc
Leakey

To honor 100 years of discovery since Leakey's learn about:

birth. The Leakey Foundation in collaboration with . in July 20(

The Field Museum is presenting a once-in-a-life- announcec

time gathering of leading scientists who will trace Spain, of n

the trail of discoveries to as recent as this past sum- ^^ ancesto

men (See the calend||^iM||ffiTr details.) Never ^j^^ j^^^ yj^
before, andjU^I^^H^Vagain, has such 5js.,^^ mulation c

an extraordinary lineup of ;«r

human origins experts been "-f

assembled. ;,

Mother-daughter team

Drs.Meave and Louise ™ skull

Leakey will lead the weekend f '^ '^"^""^

with reflectionyon

experience as LeaM-, ,

members and on their own • In ^y 2(
remarkable discoveries. In

1999, Meave and Louise *

uncovered Keiiyauthropm best gliiii|>

plaiyops, a 3.5 million-year- , [^^ 1^^^^ 2(

old skull that threatens to discovery

overturn the prevailing view that early humans Dmanisi, (

evolved from J^MJfi^ine of descent. human an

Meave me^a^ml Leakey, Louis' son, while contendin

working at a primate research center near Nairobi from Java,

in the mid-1 96()s. They married in 1970 and had , n h M
two daughters, Louise and Saniira. Meave has

focused primarily on finding evidence of the very j' "

earliest humans at Kenya's Lake Turkana. She has ' '

also held a nimiber of research and leadership posi- • Sileshi Sei

tions with the National Museums of Kenya. this fall or

Louise, born in 1972, grew up aroimd bones. In 2.6 milli

addition to leading expeditions with her mother, she associated

is reviving the research station her parents built yet thatl|

decades ago with modern amenities and technology, . q.^^^] yg^

while raising funds for the local community's school idenrifies, f

and medical center. (hj> most <

An impressive roster of archaeologists, (
thropologists and primatologists will also sh
greatest inspirations, as well as their own greates

finds. Following is a sampling of what you could iiiation, or a

• In July 2003, Juan-Luis Arsuaga and his team
announced fossils they had found in Atapuerca,
Spain, of million-year-old cannibals thought to
be ancestors of modern humans. This significant
site has yielded the largest, most complete accu-
mulation of hominid bones ever recovered — 30
■ "ividuals so far, estimated to be 400,000 years old.

''^rtt 2002, Berhane Asfaw and his team
ied to the pubhc a million-year-old Homo
erectus skull from Middle Awash, Ethiopia. It cannot
be distinguished from Asian fossils of the same age,
lessening support for the popular belief that African
fossils should be placed in a separate species.

• In My ^^KnH^lKrunet unveiled a new
^"^""^-id fi^^^^^H^d, Salielatitliropiis tchadeiisis,
^Wa^^tes t^n^^^^Hjion years and provides the

• In June 2002, David Lordkipanidze revealed his
discovery of a 1 .75 million-year-old fossil from
Dmanisi, Georgia. It is claimed to be the oldest
human ancestor ever discovered outside of Africa,
contending with a 1 .9 million-year-old hominid
from Java.

• Robert Martin, The Field Museum's provost and
vice president for academic aftairs, will discuss
human reproduction from a primate perspective.

• Sileshi Semaw will be publishinp new p^nrl^nr,-
this fall on the world's old
2.6 milli '"'

associated ^^^Bi^<^s show the clearest evidence
yet thatlb^j^Sppocessed animals for meat.

• Carel van Schaik will discuss recent research that
idenrifies, for the first rime, exndence of culture among
the most solitary of the great apes, die orangutan.

The Ceiitcunial^ibiite to Liiiiis Leakey takes place Oct.
10-1 1. y^lg/Kflenkeyfouiidation.orgfor more infor-
iiiation, or call 3 12. 665. 7400 to register.

■

'trJsSt^-:

IN THE FIELD

The Centennial Tribute to Louis Leal<ey weekend program is presented with generous support from the Ann and Gordon Getty Foundation, Sofitel Chicago Water
Tower, Fluid, Inc., Chicago Public Radio and Robert Mondavi Winery.

YOURGUIDETOTHEFIELD

Calendar of Events for Fall 2003 September-November

Inside: Exhibitions Festivals Family Programs Adult Programs

New

Exhibition-
Einstein

Oct. i7,2003-JiW. 19,2004

See the world
through the
eyes of a genius.

Albert Einstein
had the daring
imagination
and passionate
curiosity to
change how we
look at our universe. Meet the man
behind the revolutionary theories
through photographs, personal
possessions, letters, multimedia
displays and original manuscripts —
including the 1912 document in
which Einstein first wrote the
famous equation E = mc^

Don't miss this opportunity to
delve into Einstein's personal
life, explore his humanitarian
ideals and understand his ground-
breaking work.

Einstein is a specially ticketed
exhibition.

Einstein is organized by thie American Museum
of Natural History, New Yorl<; The Hebrew
University of Jerusalem; and the
Sl<irball Cultural Center, Los
Angeles.

Einstein is made possible through
the generous support of Jack
and Susan Rudin and the
St<irball Foundation, and of the
Corporate Tour Sponsor,
TIAA-CREF.

m

Maps:

Nov. 7

Expand Your Mind

Einstein Speaker Series

Learn about Einstein's theories through a four-part series presented
by The Field Museum and Adier Planetarium.

At the Field:

Einstein's Theory of Relativity

Dr. Robert M. Wald, Unwersity of Chicago

Comprehend the theories that revolutionaized our understanding of

space and time. Includes an exhibition walk-through.

Wcduvsday, Sov. 19, 6pin, $15, students /vdiicaiors $12, members $5

At the Adier's Far Out Fridays:

Dr Peter Galison, Harvard University, author of Einstein's Clocks, Poincare's
Empires of Time, Oct. 3

Dr J. Richard Gott, Professor of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University

Fred Jerome, Syracuse University, author of The Einstein File, Dec. 5

Discounts for series subscriptions. To ref^ister, call 3 12.322.0323, or I'isit
wu'U'.adlerplanetarium .or^f eiiisteiu jor details.

Development of the Human Brain

Dr. Robert Martin, TFM Provost and Vice President of Academic Affairs
Saturday, Oct. 25, 2pm, free ivith Museum admission

Black Holes

Dt Donald Cooke, TFM Vice President of Institutional Advancement
Saturday, Nov. 15, 1pm and 3pm, free with Museum admission

Family Programs

Space, Time and Space-Time

Find out how Einstein combined two seemingly different ideas — space and time!
Includes admission to Einstein.

Families with children ai>es 7—9
Saturday, Nov. 15, l-2:30pni, S20 per person, members $18

Adventures in Four Dimensions

Using only one sheet of paper and your imagination, explore different dimensions,
including the fourth dimension — time! Includes admission to Einstein.

Families with children af^es 4—6
Saturday, Nov. 15, 10-1 1:30am, $20 pier person, members $18

General Museum Information: 312.922.9410

Family and Adult Program Tickets and Information: 312.665.7400

FALL 2003 Seplembcr- Nommbcr

Your Guide to the Field: Calendar of Events for Fall 2003 September- November

Join us for a Year of
Biodiversity and Conservation,

j^^idi;^

The Field Museum

s5«erv»5<:

The Field Museum's Year of Biodiversity and Conservation explores the most pressing environmenta
topics of our time through special lectures, exhibitions, opportunities to interact with Museum
scientists and suggestions on how you can become personally involved in conservation.

Featured Exhibition:

Polar Thaw: Global Warming in the Arctic and
Antarctic (Sept. 21-Nav. 16)

More than 30 striking photographs
focus on the environmental conse-
quences of a steadily warming Earth.

This exhibition was developed by Gary Braasch with T>ie
Field Museum and with the support of Natural Resources
Defense Council.

Featured Events:

Race to Stop Global Warming

Join a Kids Fun Run, 15K, 8K or 5K
run/fitness walk presented by the Green
House Network.

Sunday, Sept. 21, 8:45aiii

To register, call 866.STOP.C02 or visit

tini'U'. raietostopglobaliranniiig. org.

Expedition to Greenland

Drjetinifcr McElwain, TFM Geology Dept.

Investigate 200 million-year-old fossils that show how
rising temperatures once contributed to a major plant
extinction.

Sunday, Sept. 21. 2pni. free with Museum admission

African
iodiversit^

Featured Exhibition:
(Ongoing)

Explore Africa, home to
amazing plant and animal

life.

Featured Events:

Ceiuennial Tribute to Louis Leakey

See next page for details.

Family Workshop: Animal Mask Making
See Family Programs for details.

Interactions or Conquest?

Dr Chapuniklia Kusimha,TFM Anthropolog)' Dept.

Explore the interactions between people and wildlife in
pre-colonial East African societies.

Sunday, On. 19, 2pm, free with Museum admission

Scientist Roundtabie and Specimen Show-and-Tell
Meet Field Museum zoologists conducting research in Africa.
Saturday, Oct. 25, 2pm, free with Museum admission

Featured Exhibition: |

Life Over Time (Ongoing) §

Explore the history and evolu- |

tion of life on Earth. ?

Featured Events:

Family Behind the Scenes

Dr Kevin Feldheim, TFM Pritzker Lab

Tour the Pritzker Lab, where scientists study plant and
animal DNA.

Families with children ages 6—14

Frido)', Sou 14, 6—8pm, $15 per person, members $12

Scientist at the Field

See a real DNA sequencer

Saturday, Xoi: 15, 11am— 2pm, free with Museum admission

8 I iN THE FIELD CALENDAR

General Museum Information: 312.922.9410; Family and Adult Program Tickets and Information: 312.665.7400

Celebrate a Legend:
Centennial Tribute
to Louis Leakey

Join an all-star cast of human origins and evolu-
tion experts to honor 100 years of discovery
since the birth of legendary anthropologist Louis
Leakey (1903-1972). Presented by The Leakey
Foundation in collaboration with The Field
Museum, this program will be a once-in-a-life-
time gathering of many of paleoanthropology's
leading scientists. Enjoy illustrated talks, hands-
on demonstrations and other activities as you
explore recent news-making fossil discoveries
and such topics as the earliest human technology,
a Neandertal's diet, the evolutionary significance
of mothers and grandmothers and the important
role this research plays in conserving great ape
populations.

Feature Presentation:
Discovering Our Earliest Ancestors

Paleoanthroplogists and mother-daughter team Meave and
Louise Leakey have made significant contributions to our
understanding of human origins. In this memorable presenta-
tion, they will reflect on their unique experiences as members
of the Leakey family and explore the implications of their
most recent fossil finds.

Friday- Saturday, Oct. 10-11

Tickets arc required. Visit umw.leakcy foundation. or^^ or call

312.665.7400 for details.

The Big Draw

Join artists throughout The Field Museum's halls to draw,
paint and sculpt works of art inspired by our exhibitions.
All ages and skill levels are welcome. Highlights include the
creation of a Gallery 37 bench, illustration of an archaeologi-
cal dig and Field Museum scientific illustrators drawing the
collections. The Field Museum, Gallery 37 and Lill Street
Learning Center are collaborating on this two-day explosion
of visual arts.

Friday-Saturday, Nov. 7-8, I0ain-3pni
Free with Museum admission

FALL 2003 Si'plvtnbfr—Nouember

Fieldtrip

Fossil Hunting

Ddt'c Dolak,
Columbia CoUcic

Do you like to hunt

fossils? Come with us

to the world-famous

Mazon Creel< site to

discover what Illinois

was like more than 300 million years ago! Plan on a

one-quarter mile walk to fossil locations.

Families with children ages 7—12
Saturday, Sept. 20, Sam— 3pm

$38 per person, members $21

Family Workshops

The Two of Us

Travel the Museum's exhibition halls

— ^™

and enjoy stories, hands-on activities,

0 ^1

art projects and fun facts.

r

^

Families with children aoes 3-5

L .

a \

Tuesdays, Sept. 30— Nov. 18

T

mJ ^

10-1 1:30am or l:30-3pm (Choose

>-

y'T^

one time.)

%

£3fV^

$95 per child; $80 per member child

1

w ^

For each child, one adult attends /*

«

W >itM

k><.

^

W Jmm

at no charge. rv

" A

t

^^^^^^

\

;v ■.

» * »

Lectures

Hip Hop and Social Change Conference

Engage in a provocative discussion with academics, artists
and community members about hip hop's social and cultural
impact worldwide. The keynote presentation will feature
Mos Def and Talib Kweli, two dynamic artists whose music
and work engage audiences in a thoughtful, challenging
dialogue about society today.

Friday-Sunday, Oct. 3-5

$10/day, students /educators /nicndiers $8 /day

Keynote presentation only — Oct. 4, 7:30pm

$20, students /educators $15. members $W

(Reduced admission

with purchase of

two-day conference

pass.)

Native Americans and Film

Jacquelyn Kilpatrick, Southern California State University

Trace the changing depictions of Native Americans in cinema
over the past century.

Saturday, Nov. 1, 1pm

$10, students /educators $5. members free

Clay Figurines of Kamegaoka

Dr. Finniko Ikawa-Smith, McGill University

Discover what unusual clay figures can tell us about a
Japanese society that existed 15,000 years ago.

Saturday, Nov. 8, 2pm

^10, students /educators $8, members free

Part of the Boone Lecture Series on East Asian Anthropology and Culture.

Visit our website at www.fieli

.0 as the date of your visit nears.

50 Years of Powwow in Chicago

Through January 18, 2004

Fragments From the Temple Mount of
Herod the Great: Archaeology News
From the Holy Land

September 5, 2003-March 14, 2004

Eviction and Homecoming:

The Story of Brazil's Panara Indians

September 12, 2003- February 8, 2004

Designing a Museum Exhibition

/()/;/; Dahou. TFM Exhibitions Dcpt.

From books to blueprints to models to construction — get a
behind-the-scenes look at how designers create Field Museum
exhibitions. Then work on designing your own!

Families with children d(;cs

7-/2

ScUiirday, Oct. 4,

lOam— noon

$10 per person, luenihers $8

Extreme Insects

Phil Parillo, TFM Insects Division

From the fastest to the strongest to the smallest, go behind the
scenes at the Museum to see some of the most incredible six-
legged creatures on Earth.

Families with children a^es 6—14
Friday, Oct. 10, 6-8 pni
s 15 per person, members $12

Fieldtrips

Chicago Waterways

Dr Irviin; Cntlcr, Chica{>o State University

Cruise Chicago's waterways for a unique perspective on the
economic, ecological and historical development of our
metropolitan area.

Sainrday, Sept. 13, 9am-5pni
$50, members $43
Meet at the Wendclla
Boat Dock on
Michiqan Ave.

The Return of the Sandhill Cranes

Alan Anderson, Chicago Aiidnbon Society

Journey to a nature preserve in the wetlands of Indiana that is
famous for the thousands of Sandhill Cranes and Canada Geese
that stop to rest there each autumn. Bring a lunch, binoculars
and a field guide.

Saturday, Oct. 18, 10am— 8pm

$60, TFM and Chicago Audubon Society tuetnbers $50

Polar Thaw: Global Warming in the Arctic
and Antarctic

September 21-November 16, 2003

Einstein

October 17, 2003-January 19, 2004

Animal Mask Making

Heather Hug, Riverside Arts Center

Let the animals in our halls inspire you to make an exciting animal
mask out of paper, cardboard, yarn, paint and feathers.

Saturday, Oct. 18

Families with cliildreii ages 6—8, 10—11:30ain
Faniihes with children ages 9-12, uooii—l:30pin
S 10 per person, members $8

Celebrate Shells!

Dr Wendy Taylor, University of Chicago

What kind of shells washed up on the beach 300 million years ago?

Examine the shells of ancient creatures and discover how they

compare to shells you might find today.

Saturday, Nov. 15

Families with children ages 6-9, 10- 1 1 ■.30am

Families with children ages 10-14, 1— 2:30pm

$10 per person, members $8

Volcanoes: From Magma to Lava

Dr. Philjainiey, TFM Geology Dept.

Explore the fiery and fascinating world of volcanoes, and learn
about lava — the cooled chunks of magma that volcanoes spew.

Saturday, Nov. 22
Families with children ages
6-9, 10-1 1:30am
Families with children ages
10-14, l-2:30pm
S 10 per person, members S8

Courses and Workshops

Field Ecology: Fall

Julie Vandervort

Examine how ideas about biodiversity impact efforts to conserve
endangered species and habitats. This course can be applied to
the Naturalist Certificate Program.

Wednesday, Sept. 10, 7—9pin
Saturdays, Sept. 13—27, 9am— noon
$140, members $116

Sketching Mammals and Birds

Marlene Hill Donnelly, TFM Geology Dept.

Draw animals with artistic beauty and lifelike detail. Develop your
own personal style using pencil, pen, ink and watercolor. All skill
levels are welcome.

Thursdays, Sept. 18-Oct. 16, 6-8pm
S82, members $68

Minerals, Rocks and Volcanoes

Dr Philjanney, TFM Geology Dept., and Dr. Wendy Taylor,
University of Chicago

Take a close-up and hands-on look at the intriguing minerals and
rocks formed by volcanoes — and the diamonds they may contain!

Tuesdays, Oct. 7—28, 6-8pm
$80, members $68

Fossil Basics

Dave Dolak, Columbia College

Decipher the Earth's geologic
history to reconstruct lost
worlds! Prepare a fossil fish
and explore the significance §

CO

of two local fossil sites. §

i
Wednesdays, Oct. 8-29, 6-8pm |

^70, members $60 i

z
I
o

Egyptian Magic II:

Temples, Priests and the House of Life

Tom Mudloff, Egyptologist, The Oriental Institute

Examine how temples and priests kept the forces of heaven, earth
and the underworld in balance in ancient Egypt.

Wednesdays, Oct. 22— Nov. 5, 6-8pm
S55. members $47

leneral Museum Information: 312.922.9410; Family and Adult Program,.Ticket.s and Information: 312.665.7400

veiy

estivais Tor

Celebracion, Festival of
Latino Culture

Film: Cuban Cinema, Past and Present

Edna M. Rodrigtiez-Mai[<^ual, Texas Christian University

Examine the complexities of personal identity within the Latino
community, as expressed in film and mass media in Cuba.

Saturday, Sept. 6, 2pm
$10, students /educators $5,
members free

Featured Performance: Angel

Melendez and Orquesta
Arallue and the Latin
Street Dance Company

Saturday, Sept. 20, 1pm

Free u'itli Museum admission

Lecture: Social stratification in Ancient Puerto Rico

Dr. Antonio Curet,TFM Anthropoloi^y Dept.

Discover what exciting archaeological excavations are revealing
about life in ancient Puerto Rico.

Saturday, Sept. 27, 2pm

$12, students /educators $10, mendyers free

Family Workshop: Mexican Day of the Dead

Mara Cosillo-Starr, TFM Education Dept.

Celebrate the uniquely Mexican holiday that honors departed
loved ones. Learn the traditions of the day and create your own
decorations, including traditional flowers, banners and sugar
skulls.

Saturday, Oct. 25, 1 0am— noon
$10 per person, members $8

Celebracion is made possible through the generosity of Abbott Laboratories.

Halloween Harvest Festival

Join a full day of family fun, including a demonstration of
Puerto Rican saint-carving by artist Pichillo, also l<nown as
Luis Raul Nieves, and a dazzling indoor parade led by the
renowned Redmoon Theater company.

Saturday Oct. 18

Hands-on activities I lam— 1pm, carviuj^ demonstration

12:30pm, parade 2pm

Free with Museum admission

Canadian Haida Dance: A
Celebration of Repatriation

The Haida Nation of Canada commemorates the homecoming
of its ancestors' remains through a collaborative repatriation
effort with The Field Museum. More than two dozen dancers
will perform in full ceremonial regalia.

Friday, Oct. 17, 10:30am— noon
Free with Museum admission

Special exhibitions tell fascinating stories

50 Years of
Powwow in
Chicago

Open through Jan. 18, 2004

'^•IL.

Dynamic photographs explore
a vibrant celebration of Native
American cultures in today's urban world.

50 Years of Powwow in Chicago is presented by The Field Museum in coltaboration with the
American Indian Center.

Eviction and Homecoming:
The Story of Brazil's
Panara Indians

Sept. 12, 2003-Fcb. 8, 2004

Dramatic images document one
indigenous community's triumphant
struggle to reclaim its land and
identity.

This exhibition was developed by Institute Socioambiental, Brazil,
in collaboration with The Field Museum.

Join a free panel discussion about their
epic trial on Saturday, Sep. 13, 2pm.

Fragments From the Temple
Mount of Herod the Great:
Archaeology News From
the Holy Land

Sept. 5, 2003-Manh 14, 2004

Beautifully carved architectural fragments tell the
story of the Temple Mount in Jerusalem 2,000
years ago.

This exhibition was organized by the Israel Antiquities Authority.

Archaeology Wews From the Holy Land is made possible by the Pritzker Foundation.

On Sunday, Sept. 7 at 2pm, Dr. Ronny Reich of the Israel
Antiquities Authority will discuss exciting discoveries from
archaeological excavations In Jerusalem, Including the James
Ossuary, a controversial bone box that was found to have a
forged Inscription referring to a brother of Jesus.

Free with Museum adinission.

Getting Here: This fail, watch for the opening of a new parking garage
directly across from The Field Museum's south entrance! Visit vwvw.museum-
campus.org for the latest Information on parking, free trolleys and public transit.

Hours: 9am-5pm dally. Last admission at 4pm.

To get tickets: Einstein is a specially ticketed exhibition. Member passes can be reserved In
advance by calling Ticketmaster at 312.902.1500 (service charges apply) or coming to the mem-
bership desk near the Museum's south entrance (no service charges). Non-member tickets can
also be reserved in advance through Ticketmaster or in person at the Museum's admission desks.
Day-of tickets are available at the Museum while supplies last.

Accessibility: Visitors using wheelchairs or strollers may be dropped off at the west entrance.
Handicapped parking and wheelchairs are available on a first-come, first-served basis. Call
312.665.7400 to check on the accessibility of programs that take place outside of the Museum.

Information: 312.922.9410 orwww.fieldmuseum.org

14 IN THE FIELD CALENDAR

YBC SPOTLIGHT: AFRICAN BIODIVERSITY

The Kjeph

At the heart of every war is the cultivation of fear, whether fear of foreigners, a lack of
resources or food shortages and famine, to name a few.

Dr. Chapurukha Kusimba, a curator of anthropology, is digging through oral, historical and
archaeological records to understand what caused endemic warfare among East African
societies between the 17th and 19th centuries. Two plausible hypotheses are Eurasian con-
quest and rampant slave trading that depopulated entire African regions. Yet Dr. Kusimba
also points to a less obvious cause — elephant over-hunting.

Ubiquitous in Africa's cultural history, elephants are most crucial to humans as the archi-
tects of a more habitable landscape. As they forage, elephants cut through impenetrable
vegetation, opening up land for ground-dwelling mammals and the humans that rely on
them. A shade-free environment also drives out the tsetse fly, which transmits infectious
parasitic diseases to humans and livestock.

By the 18th century, a substantial demand for ivory — and higher quality weapons, namely
guns — caused elephant populations to plummet. Areas maintained by elephants reverted to
dense forests, grazing animals migrated and the dreaded tsetse fly and other disease vectors
returned.

The elephant's revenge came, however, when the rains failed, causing prolonged droughts,
severe food shortages and diseases, including cholera and sleeping sickness. Nearly 60 per-
cent of the people who had survived enslavement and 90 percent of the livestock, including
the majestic buffalo, were wiped out. Lions, failing to find their traditional prey, turned to
humans. Few could have imagined the rippling effects that over-hunting a keystone species,
the elephant, would have on the land and people of East Africa.

Dr. Kusimba will speak on this topic as part of the Year of Biodiversity and Conservation
on Sunday, Oct. 19, at 2pm. Free with Museum admission.

FALL 2003 Squaiihcr-Niwemhci T

c:limate change

Arctic Rocks Hold Secrets to a Hotter Past

Adam Voilaiut, Writer

Vviiiit -iLL .':^L^ protest, politicians waffle and journalists flood the papers with .omin(>
stories of global warming, research on this environmental phenomenon is relatively
young and fraught with uncertainty. Scientists agree that the Earth is warming and that
human activities are largely responsible. Deforestation and the burning of fossil fuels
.;coal, oil and gas), for example, hurl massive amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) into V-
a'jiosphere, causin: eat up. Yet estimates vary widely about how this will affec

our planet's climate patterns, sea level, flora and fauna. Jennifer McElwain, PhD, a
'"-'■-' "" " -tor of paleobotany, is hoping to provide some much needed answei-.

Sphenobaiera
spectabilis, n fossil plant
from Greenlniid

Along with a team of geology experts, Dr. McElwain
spent a month in Greenland last summer contending
with treacherous terrain and inhospitable camping
conditions to collect 1.5 tons of plant fossils.
Between theTriassic and Jurassic periods about 200
million years ago (Mya), a COi-induced global
warming significantly altered or killed a high
percentage of the planet's plants and
animals. Since plants require
CO2 to make complex sug-
ars and starches, they serve as
excellent barometers for
documenting changes in ■

CO2 levels. Understanding
more about the Triassic-
Jurassic e.xtinction may
better inform the effects
of todays and future
global warming on our
planet's biodiversity.

On the eve of this
biological disaster. Earth
scarcely resembled what it is
today. The continents were
joined together in a massive
supercontinent called Pangea.

Sweltering temperatures pre- mark widhalm/geo86366o

vented the formation of polar
ice, and moist, subtropical forests flourished as far
north as Greenland, hi the forests, ancestral mam-
mals scurried beneath canopies of palm-like cycads,
slender ginkgos and magnificent conifers, while
flying reptiles called pterosaurs stalked careless
insects. The most familiar and abundant plant group
on Earth today, Angiosperms (flowering plants), had
not yet evolved, lieneath a young Adantic Ocean,
lava began to seep from the Earth's fiery interior,
releasing tons of CO2 and other noxious gasses
into the atmosphere.

With nowhere to go, the COt accumulated,
quadrupling its atmospheric concentration by the
early Jurassic. This increased volume of CO2 acted

like glass, enabling the sun's heat energy to enter
the atmosphere but preventing a higher proportion
from escaping. Like the inside of a car on a hot
day, the Earth's temperatures rose by three to four
degrees Celsius (7 to 10 degrees Fahrenheit), result-
ing in global warming due to the "greenhouse" or
"glasshouse" effect of CO2.

Dr. McElwain hypothe-
sized that the scorching
temperatures took their toll
over time. In all, 95 percent
of plant species gradually dis-
appeared, as did 80 percent of
marine invertebrate life and
50 percent of vertebrates. This
extinction — the third greatest
in Earth history — rivaled in
magnitude even the well-
known Cretaceous-Tertiary
extinction that killed the
dinosaurs 65 Mya.

Searching for a ciimat-
threshold

Dr. McElwain wants to know
when, why and how the plant
die-off occurred. By examin-
ing how fossil plant diversity
changed over the Triassic-Jurassic
boundary, and how the abundances of different
fossil plant groups changed relative to one another,
she hopes to determine a CO2 threshold — the pre-
cise concentration of atmospheric CO, that caused
climate to short circuit and ecosystems to collapse,
resulting in the Triassic-Jurassic extinction.

"Climate change isn't as gradual a process as we
originally believed," Dr. McElwain said. "It has been
likened to turning on a fluorescent light. When you
switch on a light, the room does not go from com-
plete darkness to full illumination in an instant, but
flickers on and ofl" first.

"Climate change works the same way. Records
trapped in the arctic ice, for example, have revealed
that climate 'flickered' or fluctuated rapidly, and often

16

IN THE FIELD

violently, between hot and cold during the transition
from a cooler to a warmer climate mode." According
to Dr. McElwain, drastic changes in climate can
occur over a period of only a few hundred years —
a mere nanosecond on the geologic time scale.

Dr. McElwain studied fossils originally collected
from Jameson Land, Greenland, in the 1920s and
'30s by Tom Harris, the first person to document
the area's paleo-flora. Pointing to volcanic activity
associated with the breakup of Pangea, she con-
cluded that skyrocketing CO2 levels killed
large-leaved species. They were replaced with plants
that had smaller and narrower leaves, which release
heat more efficiently and can stay cooler. Apparently,
according to Dr. McElwain's "thermal damage
hypothesis," large-leaved species couldn't stand the
heat. Ultimately, this suggests that severe increases
in global temperatures can have rather disastrous
effects on plant communities.

Fresh fossils

While Harris' fossil collection supported Dr.
McElwam's theory, it is relatively small and the
methodology for assembling it unknown, limiting
the fossils' full potential for ecological interpreta-
tion. Dr. McElwain needed fresh fossils, and
Greenland, with its rocky exposures and fjords cut
deeply into the landscape, was the choice destina-
tion. With funding from the National Geographic
Society, The Field Museum and the Women's
Board, she assembled a world-class team of exnat ts
that included Finn Surlyk, a sedimentologist
Denmark, Stephen Hesselbo, a geologist fro:

^

Stephen Hesselbo (forej>round) and Matthew Haworth
trek up an outcrop at Astartekhft.

England, and Mihai Popa, a paleobotanist from
Romania.

Following an onerous period of preparation,
and a patient wait for the one-month window
that Greenland is accessible via helicopter. Dr.
McElwain's team finally arrived. After setting up
camp on the permafrost, they hiked to one of
the world's most fossil-laden outcrops of Triassic-
Jurassic age. All it took was a quick tap of the
500-foot cliff face to split the rocks along natural
points of weakness, sending 200 million-year-old
"leaves" fluttering in the breeze. Dr. McElwain's
team extracted fossil after fossil — including one
fern frond that is more than two feet across — from
outcrops that have recorded the destruction of
ecosystems and the emergence of others in
scrupulous detail.

Dr. McElwain and her team were meticulous in
their collection techniques. They scoured 11 fossil
plant beds, each one approximately three feet thick,
for equal amounts of time. They collected every
possible fossil remain, including bark, leaves,
seedcones, scales and wood. Sampling required
thoroughly identifying each sedimentary level and
the precise location of each fossil. After collection,
the fossils were wrapped with protective material,
carried to base camp and shipped out via helicopter.

Dr. McElwain expects that it will take nearly
two years and at least one more expedition to chip
through the plant fossils, identify them and examine
their past ecology before any definitive conclusions
can be made on the CO2 threshold at which biodi-
versity loss occurred. While these plants are quite
different than those of today, scientists can be
guided by the past to help indicate what's
potentially in store in a higher CO2 world. ITF

As part of the Year of Biodipersity and Conservation, Dr.
McEhmin will speak about her Greenland expedition on
Sunday, Sept. 21, at 2pm. Free with Museum admission.
You can also purchase her book. The Evolution of
Plants, co-written by K.J. Willis, in the Museum store.

Mihai Pom, Stephen
Hesselbqmncijetfiiife
AdcElwa^^t

Rdiniii',

Win

FALL 2003 September-Novemlu

YBC SPOTLIGHT; CLIMATE CHANGE

A L abvrinth of L oaistics

Adam Voilaiid, Writer

'Specimen labels. Pickaxes. Ziploc bags for cuticle. Geological compass. Hydrochloric
acid. Rubber gloves. Danish evacuation insurance. Sunscreen. Satellite telephone.
Sewing kit. Karabiners. Waterproof matches. Polypropylene shirt. Kneepads."

This may seem like a strange combination of items, but it only hints at the 202-item
gear list that a Field Museum research team assembled for its expedition to the arctic.

Pdikhig fossil plant
specimens at Astartekhft.

Jameson Land Basin, Greenland, tiie area \\ liere
paleobotanist Jennifer McEhvain, PhD, and her
team collected plant fossils that may contain clues
to global warming, is no place for casual camping.
Barren, isolated and perilous, the basin is swarming
with mosquitoes and available for
fieldwork only one month of the
year when it's not raining or
snowing.

What does it take to prepare
for fieldwork in such an extreme
environment? According to
Rebekah Hines, a Field Museum
geologist who was instrumental in
the planning process, "Extensive
planning and tons of Internet research!"

Hines worked for eight months to overcome the
labyrinth of Ic^dcs associated with Dr. McElu-ain's
trip. She researched safety, food, transportation, cold-
weather camping, fossil preservation and field
electronic equipment, to name a few issues. The
preparation included securing governmental permis-
sion to remove and transport the 1.5 tons of fossils
collected via helicopter and boat. The Danish Polar
Center was especially helpfiil with transportation.

Polar bears, which have
been known to stalk and
occasionally kill people,
were one of the team's
more unusual concerns.

government regulations and arctic safety.

Polar bears, which have been known to stalk
and occasionally kill people, were one of the
team's more unusual concerns. Since they inhabit
Greenland, Hines researched bear deterrents,
including pepper spray and small-scale explosives
similar to flare guns. It was important that the team
members understand both how to prevent encoun-
ters with the massive animals, and how to protect
themselves should they cross paths with one. Luckily
the expedition passed without a bear sighting.

Fieldwork wasn't easy. A typical day began in the
early morning, ended in the late evening — it's Ught
24 hours a day during Greenland's summers — and
featured lengthy hikes, long excavation periods and
lugging heavy loads of fossils. The result: the team
got hungry — very hungry.

But its isolated camp location and Greenland's
stringent agricultural import regulations made
planning meals complex. AH food items had to be
shipped to Greenland three months before the team
arrived and had to last the additional month the
team was conducting fieldwork. In other words,
only nonperishable items were feasible: Sausage and
hard cheese became the only
"fi^sh" food the team ate. In
addition, no canned foods were
allowed, and only small quantities
of alcohol and chocolate were
permitted per person because of
high import duties. It was also
crucial that aU food brought in
weigh as Utde as possible.

Nevertheless, Hines devised a
nutritious meal plan for the researchers. A typical
day's plan included three fiill meals and three
breaks, with foods ranging fiom oatmeal, soup and
mashed potatoes for breakfast and lunch to elabo-
rate Mexican, Chinese and Italian meals for supper.
A 20-pound wheel of Wisconsin parmesan was
popular; the powdered eg^ were not. "We'll have
to avoid those next time, but overall I think they
ate just as well, or even better, than I normally do!"
Hines said. ITF

IN THE FIELD

OFSPECIALINTEREST

Anti-Poaching Activist Honored for Conservation Efforts

At one time, elephants spread from Africa's Cape of Good Hope to Cairo and probably
numbered in the tens of millions. Today, fewer than 610,000 remain. This precipitous
decline is largely due to human encroachment upon their habitats and well-armed ivory
poachers who decimated populations in the 1970s and '80s.

Lorivi Ole Moirana, chief warden of Tanzania's national park system, will
receive The Field Museum's Parker/Gentry Award in October for his efforts
to control poaching and preserve Tanzania's habitats and ecosystems. While
head warden of Ruaha National Park from the mid-1980s to 1990s, Moirana
was responsible for shutting down some of the most extensive elephant
poaching in the country. His current duties include managing the park
system's anti-poaching unit.

Moirana has also been active in expanding Tanzania's national parks as a
means to protect their remarkable plant and animal life. As chief warden of
Kilimanjaro National Park from 1997 to 2001, Moirana convinced the
Tanzanian government to expand the park boundary below the tree line to
incorporate its distinct forest habitat, which had been subject to illegal log-
ging. Through his passionate efforts, the park is considered a showpiece of wilderness management
and conservation.

Tlie Parker/ Gentry Award honors an individual or group who has made a significant impact on preserving the world's
rich natural heritage. It is named for Theodore A. Parker III and Alwyn H. Gentry, ardent conservationists who worked
closely with Tire Field Museum on several joint efforts. They died in 1993 while surveying hill forests in western
Ecuador. Visit www.fieldmuseum.org/parkergentryfor more information.

Double Discount Shopping Days

Whether you're buying for family or friends, The Field
stop-shop for distinctive holiday gifts.

luseum stores are your one-

On Dec. 8, 13 and 17, members receive 20 percent off all Museum merchandise —
an additional 10 percent over your regular discount. There are three stores to
explore, as well as our new online store at http://store.fieldmuseum.org. Each one
• , _ offers handcrafted gifts, colorful textiles, home accessories, children's items and

' .h 111 books that are perfect for creating a meaningful and educational holiday season.

A_im^ For the budding paleontologist, build a "dino pack" that could include a book

^^HH^^H on Sue, an excavation kit and a t-shirt with Brachiosaurus dancing along Chicago's

skyline. Then assemble everything in a plush dinosaur backpack.

Your traveling friends might enjoy home accessories from around the world.
Pick one thing for each room in the house — an elegant Japanese teacup set for the kitchen, a regal
Egyptian statue for the living room and a hand-embroidered and beaded Tibetan pillow for the bedroom,
for example.

Or fill up your favorite bookworm's shelves with a range of natural and cultural history titles, including
books written by Field Museum staff. William Burger, curator emeritus in botany, recently wrote Perfect
Planet: Clever Species, a sweeping tour of cosmic and evolutionary history that builds a compelling case for
humanity's imique place in the universe. Lori Grove, an illustrator in geology, just released Chicago's
Maxwell Street, a well-researched and heartfelt tribute to this vibrant neighborhood and market.

Proceeds from your store purchases support The Field Museum's education and research efforts.
Remember to bring your membership card on these cfouble discount days, or have your membership
number handy if you visit the online store.

FALL 2003 September- Noveiiih,

19

FROMTHEARCHIVES

The First Specimens: 110 Years of
Collections and Research (Part 2)

The Field Museum's collections are more than a "dead animal zoo." They are a thor-
oughly preserved wellspring of information about our planet's natural and human worlds.

Most of the Museum's endeavors stem from our
collection of 22 million artifacts and specimens.
They are the inspiration behind many exhibitions
and programs. We can use them to train researchers
and conservationists around the world, or as
evidence that a particular natural area needs
protection. They can show us how human be-
havior or environmental changes affected whole
populations over time, or fill in gaps of knowl-
edge about how one species evolved. Just as
libraries are the caretakers of humanity's written

word, it is our duty to guard our collections for
both the material and potential knowledge they
hold on nature and culture.

Continuing from the last issue of In the Field,
below are some of the Museum's first specimens to
honor 110 years of collecting and research. "First"
can mean many things — the very first artifact
acquired for a particular research area, or the first
specimen ever collected of its kind, for example.
We could fill five magazines with different "firsts."
Here are some of our favorites:

JOHNWEINSTEIN/1 GEOeG370O2D 229O6901D 3GE0e63

1) A 300 millioii-year-old fossil ferti leaf, Neuiopteris carri Lesq.,^ro»« Gnindy County, III., which u>as otue covered with dense siiwnps and vegeta-
tion. Antony the first in the paleobotany collection. 2) Tliis unknown species was the only butterfly among the Museum's first Mcessioned inseas around
1893. 3) Tlie "Tully fnoz/.-Jfcr," Tiillinionstrum gregariuni. is Illinois' state fossil. Winied by a Field Museum curator for the man who first found it,
these bizarre marine animals e.yist nowhere else on Earth ami appear to haiv no relatives, extinct or living. From the fossil inivrtebrate collection.

lNLEV 5BON'cSTa.B332:96 6 ELVER RIGGS(CSG£:3?3

4) 77(15 mouse shretv, Myosorex zinki. was the first specimen of its kind in the mammal collection. It's the only mammal endemic to Mt. Kilimanjaro.
Before a recent Field Museum expedition, only three specimens existed in the world. 5) Tliis model, based on a Medinilla magnitica /7i>i(rr /rc/H the
Philippines, represents the first attempt by a natural histor)' museum to display plants with exacting fidehty. Remarkably intricate and beautiful, the
models became famous when Plants of the World opened in 1983. 6) In 1899, charged with finding a broniosaunis to draw visitors to the
M:iM:ifi!, Elmer Riggs found an alleged femur and other fragments in Colorado. But the leg bone turned out to be an arm bone that u'as loo big for
a hroiuosaurus. Riggs had discovered a neu' dinosaur and named it Brachiosaurus alrithorax. Pictured is William Menke, an expedition assistant.
Pivi.i. t'.,.- /Ji.-ci/ vertebrate collection.

iN 1 M t ri t lO

MEMBERSHIP/ANNUALFUNDNEWS

Einstein Private Viewings

See the world through the eyes of a genius in Einstein. The members'-oniy
viewings are Oct. 15 and 16 from 9am to 10pm and Oct. 19, 22 and 23 from
5 to 10pm. Invitations will be mailed, and reservations are required. Call
312.665.7700 for information.

Annual Fund Donor Appreciation Night

As a special thanks to all our 2003 annual fund supporters, we invite you to the 2nd
annual donor appreciation night on Wednesday, Nov. 12, which will include the oppor-
tunity to view Einstein. The event was a great success last year, and we look forward to
welcoming both our new and longstanding supporters this year. Invitations forthcoming.
For information call 312.665.7777 or email annualfund@fmnh.org.

Children's Holiday Celebration

Join us on Thursday, Dec. 4 from 4 to 6:30pm for the
annual Children's Holiday Celebration hosted by the
Women's Board. Explore the diverse cultures of Chicago
and the world through crafts, stories and entertainment
at this festive event.

Sing along to holiday favorites performed by the Stu Hirsch Orchestra, marvel
at the gravit^'-defying Jesse White Tumblers, enjoy the grace of the Ballet Chicago Studio Company, and
be enchanted by the Chicago Children's Choir. Delicious food, special appearances by favorite characters
such as Ronald McDonald and a visit with Santa Clans will create a memorable evening for children of
aU ages.

Reservations are limited, and tickets will not be sold at the door. For tickets or information call
312.665.7145.

Local Amphibian Steals the Plate

The unofficial results are in. Should The Field Museum ever join the minor
league, the Mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus maculosus) would be our mascot!

If you stopped by the amphibians and reptiles division during Members' Nights, you may
have participated in an unscientific, albeit popular, poll. Three rattlesnakes that have professional
basebaD teams named after them (i.e. the Arizona Diamondbacks) were displayed next to three
local amphibian and reptile species. Members voted on which one they thought would make
a good Field Museum mascot. Out of 560 votes, the Mudpuppy won, taking 50 percent of
the votes over the Illinois Chorus Frog (28 percent) and the Eastern Massasauga Rattlesnake
(22 percent).

Thanks to all members who stopped by for a bit of herpetological humor!

ILLUSTRATION: DAVID QUEDNAU

FALL 2003 September- November K21

The Field Museum's Year of Biodiversity and
Conservation (YBC) explores the most pressing
environmental topics of our time through
special lectures, exhibitions, opportunities to
interact with Field Museum scientists and
suggestions on how you can become person-
ally engaged in conservation. Look in this
issue's calendar section for programs on
climate change in September, African biodi-
versity in October and genetic biodiversity
in November.
To kick off the YBC, participate in Chicago's
first Race to Stop Global Warming on Sunday,
Sept. 21, part of a national race series sponsored by the
Green House Network. Choose from a 15K, 8I< or 5K run/fitness walk, plus three
children's events. Runners will receive two-for-one admission to the Field that day
and enjoy additional YBC educational activities and performances. Register
through 866.ST0P.C02, wvyw.racetostopglobalwarming.org or in person at
7:30am in Arvey Field (adjacent to the Museum).