INSECTA BBITANNICA. DIPTERA. LIBRARY Of VI. H. LANGE INSECTA BRITANNICA, D I P T E R A, VOL. III. BY FRANCIS WALKER, F.L.S. LONDON : LOVELL REEVE, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. 1856. JOHN EDWARD TA.TLOH, PRINTER, LIT ILK QUfiEN STRKT.T, MNCOI/N's INN FIKLDP. PREFACE. IT was originally contemplated to give a complete enumeration, with descriptions, of the British DIPTERA in three volumes, of which the present is the last, and a general Introduction was pro- mised therewith. But, as has been already explained in the Preface to the second volume, the matter was found so much more extensive than had been calculated, that it became neces- sary to omit a large proportion of the recorded British species, and many of the genera in the vast Family Muscidtf. It would require a fourth volume to develope the work with the degree of completeness originally proposed ; and as there is now a prospect that the Publisher may be encouraged to offer such a supple- mentary volume by Mr. Haliday, it has been thought better to reserve the general view and illustrations of the Order for the conclusion, and thereby to give more space for the treatment of the Families remaining for the present volume, and for additions to the plates, and to the text, illustrative of those treated of in the preceding two. A complete enumeration of the known British species not described in these three volumes would have occupied more space than could be spared for the purpose. The additions therefore have been limited to a notice of the genera omitted, including the reasons for the exclusion of some few that appear VI PREFACE. in the previous lists of British DIPTERA. It has not been thought necessary to enumerate the genera which Macquart and Desvoidy have formed as dismemberments of those of Meigen, nor yet certain others, the representatives of which will be found included in the greater genera from which they were taken, as the collective index of generic names and synonyms will direct the student to these, and the complete Systematic Index is re- served for the Supplement. As the sheets up to the end of the index to this volume have been printed off several months since, it was not practicable to incorporate the first list of Errata. The Addenda and Corrigenda, and the general observations, have been kindly prepared by Mr. Haliday ; and Mr. Westwood has supplied two supplementary plates of generic illustrations instead of two drawn by Mr. Haliday, to illustrate the venation of the wings and the nomenclature adopted for the veins and areolets, which also will find a place in the Supplement. FRANCIS WALKER. February > 1856. The reader is requested to bear in mind that the Analytic Tables, whether of families, genera, or species, are intended to apply only to the British species described in these volumes, and that a more ex- tended application of them would be liable to lead into error in several instances. The change of plan, adopted at the very conclusion of the present volume, having caused the Errata to be dispersed in several lists, it is recommended carefully to note all the corrections from these in the text. A. H. H. EXPLANATION OF THE CONTRACTIONS IN THE REFERENCES. A. N. II. — Annals of Natural History. A. S. N. — Annales des Sciences Natu- relles. Act. Holm. — Kongliga Svenska Ve- tenskaps Akademiens Handlingar, Stockholm. Agas. or Agass. — Agassiz, Nomenclator Zoologicus. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. — Annales de la So- ciete Entomologique de France. (Bigot.)— See Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Bilb.— Billberg, see Zett. Blanch. — Blanchard, Histoire Natu- relle des Insectes, etc. ; Histoire des Insectes. (Bouche',) Nat.; Nov. Act. Acad. Crcs. — Naturgeschichte der Insekten ; Acta Nova Academiae L. C. Nature Curiosorum. (Bremi,) Beitr. neue Denkschrift. — Memoires Nouveaux de la Societe Helve'tique des Sciences Naturelles, Neufchatel. (Brulle.)— Expedition Scientifique de la More'e. Burm. — Barmeister, Handbach der Zoologie. Curt, or Ct. B. E. or Brit. Ent.— Cur- tis, British Entomology. D. B. — Insecta Britaimica, Diptera. D. G. or Deg., Ins. — Degeer, Memoires pour sei-vir a 1'histoire des Insectes. Dahlb. — Dahlbohm, Kort Underrat- telser om Skandiuaviska Insekters, o. s. v. Oenksehr. Schw. Gcs. Naturw.— Me- moires Nouveaux de la Societe Hel- vetique des Sciences Naturelles, Neufchatel. Desv. — Desvoidy (Robineau), Essai sur les Myodaires. Donov. — Donovan, British Insects. Dumr. — Dumeril, Zoologie Analytique. E. M. or Ent. Mag. — Entomological Magazine, London, 1833-1838. E. Z. or Ent. Zeit. — Entomologische Zeitung, herausgegeben von dem Entomologischen Vereine zu Stettin. F. or Fb. E. S. ; E. Suppl. or Suppl. ; Mant. Ins. ; S. A. or Syst. Antl. ; Sp. I. or Sp. Ins. — Fabricius (J. C.), Entomologia Systematica emendata et aucta ; Eutomologise Systematic^ Supplementum ; Mantissa Insecto- rum; Systema Antliatorum ; Species Insectorum. Fall, or Fin. — Fallen, Diptera Suecise ; Specimen Entomologicum, etc. (Fries,) Monogr. Simul. ; Mon. Tan. — Monographia Simuliarum Suecise; Mouographia Tanypodum Sueciae. Geoff, or Geoffr. H. N. Ins.— Geoffroy, Histoire Abregee des Insectes qui se trouvent aux environs de Paris. Germ, or Grm. mag. — Gerniar, Maga- zin fur Insektenkunde. Gim. or Gimm. or Gmtl., Bull. Mosq. — Gimmerthal, Bulletin de la So- ciete Imperiale des Naturalistes do Moskau. Giuel. — Gmeliu, Linurci Systeraa Na- tui'K'j cditio xiii-ma aucta, etc. Guer. — Gucrin-Meueville, Vlll EXPLANATION OF THE CONTRACTIONS. Hal.— Haliday. Hainmersch. — Haminerschmidt. (Hardy,) Scot. Gard.— Scottish Gar- dener. (Hartig,) Jahresberichte. — Forstliche J. Hoffm. — Hofmansegg, see Meig. Illig. Mag. — Illiger's Magazin fur In- sektenkunde. Ins. Brit. Dipt. — Insecta Britanniea, Diptera (the present work). Kalt.— Kaltenbach. Kby. Linn. Trans. — Kirby, Transac- tions of the Linnsean Society of London. Kl. Zw. — (Meigen) Klassification und Beschreibung der Europaischen Zweyfliigligen Insekten. Kong. Yet. Acad. Handl. — Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps Akademiens Handlingar, Stockholm. Lam. — Lamarck, Animaux sans Ver- tebrea. Latr. Diet. H. N. ; G. C. or Gen. Cr. or Gen. Curt. ; H. N. Cr. et Ins. or Hist. Nat. Ins.— Latreille, Diction- naire Nouveau d'Histoire Naturelle; Genera Crustaceorum et Insecto- rum; Histoire Naturelle Generale et Particuliere des Crustacees et des Insectes. Lea. — Leach, Edinburgh Encyclopaedia. See also Sam. Lehm. Diss. — Lehmann, Acta Nova Physico-medica Academiae L. C. Na- turse-Curiosorum, Bonn. Leon Duf. — Leon Dufour. (Loew,) or Lw. Pr. Pos. Gymn. — Di- pterologische Beytrage, 4ter Theil, Posen, L. F. S. or Faun. Suec. or Fn. Sc. or Fn. Suec. ; S. N. — Linnsei Fauna Suecica ; Systema Naturae. (N.B. The edition, not the volume, is re- ferred to by the Roman numerals.) Mcq. or Mq. D. N. or D. N. F. or D. N. F. Tip. or Tip. N. F. ; D. or H. N. D. — Macquart, Dipteres du Nord de France Tipulaires ; Histoire Naturelle des Insectes Dipteres, Paris, 1834, 1835. Meig. or Mg. Kl. or Kl. D. or Kl. Zw. or Klass. ; Zw. — Meigen, Klassifi- cation u. Beschr. d. Eur. Zweyfl. Ins. ; Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten Europaischen Zwey- fliigligen Insekten. Meg. — Megerle, see Meig. Mull. Faun. Fridr. or Fn. Fr. ; Prodr. or Zool. Dan. Prodr.— Muller (O. F.), Fauna Insectorum Fridrichs- dalina ; Zoologiae Danicae Prodro- mus. Nat. H. Rev. or Nat. Hist. Review.— Natural History Review, London, 1853-1855. Newm. — Newman, Grammar of Ento- mology, etc. Nov. Act. Acad. Cses. — Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae L. C. Naturse-curiosorum, Bonn. Olf. Comm. — Olfers, De vegetativis et animatis corporibus, etc., Berolini, 1817. Oliv. — Olivier, Encyclopedic Metho- dique. Pal. de Beauv. — Palisot de Beauvois. Panz. Fn. or Faun. Germ. — Panzer, Faunae Insectorum Germanic Initia. R. or Ros. or Ross, or Rs., V. — Rossi, Systematisches Verzeichniss der Zweyfliigelichten Oesterreichs. Ratz. — Ratzeburg, Forstinsekten. Retz. — Retzius, Caroli de Geer Genera et Species Insectorum, etc. Rdn. or Rond. Nuov. Ann. Sc. Nat. Bologna. — Rondani, Nuovi Annali delle Scienze Naturali, Bologna. (Roser,) Wiirt. Zweyfls. — Verzeichniss d. "Wiirtembergischen Zweyfliigligen Insekten. Sam. Comp. or Ent. Comp. — Samouelle, Entomologist's useful Compendium. Schell. — Schellenberg, Genres de Mouches Dipteres. Schr. Beitr. ; F. B. or Fn. Boic. or Fn. B. ; Fn. Austr. or Ins. Austr. — Schranck, (Paula von,) Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte ; Fauna Boica ; Enumeratio Insectorum Austrise. EXPLANATION OF THE CONTRACTIONS. Schumm. Dipt. Siles. ; Tip. — Schiim- mel, Beytrage zur Entornologie ira Bezug auf Schlesien, Gattung Lim- nobia ; Gattung Tipula. Schwsegr. — Schwsegrichter, see Ratz. Scop., E. C. or Ent. Carn. — Scopoli, Eutoniologia Carniolica. St. Farg. — Lepeletier St. Fargeau, Encyclopedic Methodique, Tome X. Stann.Observ. Spec. Mycetoph. — Stan- nius, Observationes de speciebus non- nullis generis Mycetophilse, etc. Steph. Syst. Cat. — Stephens, Syste- matic Catalogue of British Insects. Stew. — Stewart's Outlines, etc. Stg. or Stseger, D. D. or Dipt, or Dipt. Dan. or Kroy. Nat. Tids. or Kroy. Naturh. Tidskr. — Stseger, Kroyer's Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift, System. Fortegu. o. d. i. Danmark fundne Diptera, o. s. v. Stnh. — Stenharnmar. See Act. Holm. Turt. — Turton, the System of Nature, etc. Vail.— Vallot, A. S. N. Vill. — Villers, Linnsei Entomologia Faunae Suecicee descr. aucta, etc. Walk, or Wlk. C. D. B. M.— Walker, Catalogue of the Diptera of the Bri- tish Museum. Westw. Class. II. Syn. Gen. Brit. Ins. or Mod. Class.— Westwood, Intro- duction to the Modern Classification of Insects, etc. Wied. or Wd. Zool. Mag. — Wiedemann, Zoologisches Magazin. Wiegm . — Wiegmann. Wirm. Linn. Ent. — Winnertz, Linnsea Entomologica, Stettini. ZeU. or Zlr— Zeller, Isis von Oken. Zett. or Ztt. D. S. or D. Sc. or Dipt. Scand. ; I. L. or Lap.— Zetterstedt, Diptera Scandinavise ; Insecta Lap- ponica. Zool. Journ. — Zoological Journal, con- ducted by Bell and Sowerby. VOL. IV. Xll ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. Page. Line. 149. 8. add Heeger has lately illustrated the transformation of Rhaphium fas- cipes, Sitzungsberichte der Wiener Akademie. ix. (1852). 165. 31. add pallidicoxa, Roser. Note. Zetterstedt, D. S. p. 4294, has described the male of his D. parvulus, establishing the correctness of the iden- tification in the text. 167- 34. add pictipennis, Wlbg; Ztt. Note. The female has immaculate wings; see Ztt. D. S. p. 4280. 175. 18. insert 42*. preetextatus, Hal. N. H. Rev. ii. 63 (1855). 179. D. aluttfer is better placed in g. Porphyrops, q. v. 180. 38. add Aphrozeta, Perris, Annales de la Soc. Linn, de Lyon, A. D. 1852. 186. 15. add semiglaucus, Perris. Occurs also on the sea-coast. (I.) 187. 1. add cinereus, Perris? 190. 33. add pictipennis, Bohemann ; Ztt. 193. 9. Bohemann, Act. Holm. 1851. p. 194 (1853), has described the male, which has the face narrower, the hypopygium small, with slender, fili- form appendages. 195. 27. add pygmasum, Ztt. D. S. p. 4618 (1855). 204. 25. add In September, about Blarney Lake. (I.) 206. 12. The name Machcerium has been long preoccupied in botany, and it does not seem necessary to propose another to replace it, until the genus Rhaphiwm be definitively circumscribed ; with which the species mari- time may well remain united meanwhile. 212. 42. insert 5*. cretifer, Wlk. C. D. B. M. p. 653 (1849) ; alutifer (Dol.) I. B. D. i. 179. Note. The colour of the tarsi of the male, to which the trivial name alludes, was not noticed in the earlier description. 214. 20. read Very common. (E. S. I.) 214. last line, read Not rare on the seacoast. (E. I.) 214. insert 12. muralis, Mg. Zw. iv. 62. 5 (1824). 216. last line, add The wings are incumbent in repose, which character alone is suf- ficient to take this group out of the definition of the genus Chrysotus. 221. 18. insert 1*. celtiber, Hal. N. H. Rev. ii. 63 (1855). 221. 35. add (I.) 231. 38. Dahlbohm, Act. Holm. Consp. 1854 (1855), has illustrated the transfor- mation of P. fuscipes. The larva inhabits the body of various Ho- mopterous Hemiptera. 234. 8. dele Sclerostoma, etc., to end of the line. 234. 9. for Chetolona read Chetoloxa. 235. 7. for areolet read areolets. 237- The genus MALLOTA should have a place here, being represented in the British Fauna by M. vittata, Mg. Zw. iii. 378 ; ruddii (Helophilus), Ct. B. E. 429 ; which last has been erroneously cited in the present work as synonymous with Helophilus lunulatus. This correction, supplied by Professor Loew, has been confirmed by the collation of a specimen from Meigen's collection, and ticketed by his own hand, in the possession of Mr. Winuertz. 240. 13. add viridescens, Vill. iii. 463, 138. 243. E. fumipennis, as appears from Stephens' Systematic Catalogue, 288, g. 122, 10, was not captured nor seen alive by himself. It is probably an American insect, allied to E. vinetorum, Fb., and E. uvarum, Wlk. 249. 30. for luteo-vittato read nigro-vittato. 269. Psilota anthracina. No authentic British specimen : represented in Stephens' collection by species of the genus Pipiza. 298. MeUthreptus. This generic name is preoccupied in ornithology. ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. X1H VOLUME II. Page. Line. 14. Tachina phalerata, Mg. Zw. iv. 285, is the type of g. PLESINA, Mg. Zw. vii. 214. 106. insert g. IDIA, Mg.— sp. 1. fasciata, Mg. 111. 13. vitripennis has been introduced without sufficient authority, as it seems, being represented in British collections by a variety of M. do- me stica. 117. The g. CCELOMYIA, Hal. (Wwd. Mod. Class.) is also referable to ANTHO- MYIA in the wide sense of the text, the type of it being Aricia spathu- lata, Ztt. D. S. 146. Here the g. ERTPPIIA should come in, according to Stephens' Systematic Catalogue, but in his collection it is represented by an Antkomyia, Mg. 152. insert g. LEPTOPA, Ztt. — sp. filiformis, Ztt. ; flava (Cordylura), Hal. 153. running title, for CORDYLURA read SCATOPHAGA. 155. read 5. ostiorum, Hal.; borealis, Ztt.; oceana, Mcq. ? 155. read 1 6 . maritima, Hal. ; marina, Mcq. 156. insert g. THYREOPHORA, Latr. — sp. furcata, Fb. 156. 26. add eximia, Stnh. 157. 3. read 1. simplex, Hal.; frigida, Stnh. 157. 4. read 2. parvnla, Hal.; nitidula, Ztt.; Stnh. 157. g. MALACOMYIA, Hal. ; Phycodromia, Stnh. — sp. sciomyzina, Hal. ; fucorum, Ztt. ; Stnh. 160. 32. read 6. schcenlierri, Fin. Suppl. (1827) ; monilis, Mg. 163. Heteromyza oculata, Fin., is the type of g. THELIDA, Desv. 163. 15. add Clusia, Hal.; Wwd. Mod. Class.;* Maerochira, Ztt. 163. 21. add Ztt.; spurca, Hal. E. M. 167. 20. read 5. albiseta, Scop. E. C. (1763) ; aratoria, Fb., etc. 169. 1. read 10. punctulata, Scop. E. C. (1763); hieracii, Fb., etc. 169. 31. read 2. unguicornis, Scop. E. C. (1763) ; pratorum, Fin. 170. 28. read 2. spinipes, Scop. E. C. (1763); hcefneri, Fin.; Mg.; Mq.; Ztt.; ferrugineus, Dufour; aquations, Desv. 171. 28. insert g. TRIGONOMETOPUS, Mq. ; Oxyrrhina, Mg. — sp. 1. irontalis, Mg. 174. 1. read 5. pusilla, Fin. D. S. (1820); Ztt.; Stnh.; scabricula, Hal. 179. 35. add Stnh. ; abbreviate (Agromyza), Fin. 186. 13. 6. sordida, Hal.; decipiens (Sapromyza], Loevv. 187. g. PALLOPTERA : of the species given under this genus, only sp. 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12, belona; to it; the rest to SAPROMYZA, Fin. 191. 14. read 12. lamed, Schr. I. A. (1781); iM.—pulchella, Fb. ; Mg. ; mu- liebris, Harris ! ; fasciata, Mq. 191. 36. sp. 3. femorella, belongs to the g. SCYPHELLA, Desv. Closely allied is g. CHIROMYIA, Desv. — sp. 1. fenestrarum, Desv.; consobrina, Ztt. 192. 29. add maritima, Ztt. 194. 27. The g. TIMIA has been introduced into the British list, but the speci- mens supposed to represent it are Ulidia erythrophthalma, Mg. 212. 27. utolttcida, Stg.; Ztt. 222. 32. add pectoralis, Ztt. 229. 41. read 9. lateralis, Hal. ; scutellaris, Ztt. 229. 42. read 10. fulvifrons, Hal. ; erythrocephala, Ztt. 229. The g. HOMALURA has been introduced into the British lists, on the authority of Stephens' Systematic Catalogue, but the specimens, " ff. tarsata," in his collection, are Gymnopa ylabra. 235. 10. read 2. sabulosa, Hal. ; brevipennis, Ztt. 235. insert g. LIOMYZA., Mcq. — sp. 1. scatophagina (Hcleroneura], Flu. XIV ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. Page. Line. 235. insert g. COLOB/EA, Ztt. ; Geowyza p., Fin.; Sdoinyza p., Mg. — sp. 1. bifasciella, Fin. ; Ztt. ; concentrica, Mg. 236. 15. read 1. fiiscula, Fin. D. S. (1820) ; costata, Mg.(?) ; Ztt. D. S. ; mar- ginella, Ztt. I. L. ; fulvifrons, Hal. 236. insert g. AULACIGASTER, Mq. I. D. ii. 579 (1835) ; Ztt. ; Ampycophora, Wlbg. — sp. rufltarsis, Mq. ; Ztt. ; tarsata, Wlbg. ; ruficeps (Noti- phita], Mg. ? 236. insert g. CAMILLA, Hal. ("Wwd. Mod. Class.) ; Drosophila p., Fin. ; Mg. — sp. 1. glabra, Fin. D. S. Geom. 8. 12 (1820). 238. 40. read 6. flaveola, Mg. Zw. vi. 66 (1830) ; Perris; Heeger; flava, Ct. ; apicalis, Hardy; pallida, Ztt. 239. 22. Belongs to g. OPOMYZA, Mg.; Leptomyza, Mq.; Anthopkilina, Ztt.; see p. 240. 239. insert g. STEGANA, Mg. Zw. vi. 79 (1830); Mq.; Wwd.; Ztt.; Droso- phila p., Fin. ; Musca p., L. ; Scop. 1. coleoptrata, Scop. E. C. 907 (1763); hypoleuca, Mg.; Mq.; Ztt.; annuJata, Hal. 2. furta, L. S. N. xii. II. 991. 72 (1767); curvipennis, Fin.; nigra, Mg.; Mq.; Ztt. 240. insert g. MILICHIA, Mg. — sp. 1. maculata, Mg., was reared, from larvae feeding on fungi, by the late Miss Knight. 240. insert g. HETERONEUKA, Fin. — sp. 1. albimana, Mg. 247. 38. add The larva mines the leaves of Populus niyra. 282. 5. for galatea read galeata. 289. insert g. OXYPTERUM, Leach (1817) ; Anapera, Mg. — sp. 1. pallidum, Leach ; hirundinis, Pz. — 2. kirbyanum, Leach. ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. XV VOLUME 4¥. ' ' Page. Line. 7. 37. dele the second but. 7. last line, for forks read veins. 43. running title, for TETRAGONETJRA read SCIOPHILA. 50. G. Planetella, Wwd. ; Planetes, Wlk., may probably be reduced to SCIARA. 56. 16. 24. brevipennis is a Campylomyza, according to Mr. Haliday. 62. 34. 5. globifera, exemplifies the g. MICROMYIA, Rondani. 139. 5. The females with black thorax are referred to B. clavipes. The males of both are very like each other, but there appears to be a difference in the length of the tarsi, and the diffusion of the stigmatical spot of the wing. 254. 25. for twelve read fourteen. 261. 29. for 12-articulataj read 14 -articulate. 264. 10. Stseger's description of the aquatic larva of Dixa nigra seems rather to favour the affinity to the Tipulidce, but is not sufficiently explicit as to some important points to justify a positive conclusion. 269. This analytic table was drawn up wifhout reference to two British species, the introduction of which will require certain modifications of it ; and as the table was previously affected by a serious misprint, it is given here over again, with these corrections; see next page. The species re- ferred to are Cylindrotoma glabrata, Mg. (Zw. i. 142, vi. 274), figured in Plate XXVII. fig. 8, and Limnobia occulta, Mg.,-for which see page 302, sp. 48. The latter is the type of the genus AMALOPIS, distin- guished from the other groups that have been separated from Limnobia, not only by the characters of venation specified in the table, but also by the hairy eyes, and by the frontal tubercle, which seems to fore- shadow the appearance of ocelli in that region, towards which the sub- sidiary optic nerves run, in the Tipulidce, although those organs are as yet undeveloped. 315. 1. for venosa read rivosa, and dele F. 341. 30. The trivial name fenestralis has the right of priority. Annulata, L., is an error of the press in the S. N. for annotata ; see Ent. Zeitung, xii. 1851, p. 135. B. cinctus, Fb., with which ochraceus, Ct., is identical, is considered by Zetterstedt as a distinct species. Wineless CHIONEA.* very short, incurved to the anal angle 1 TRICHOCERA 'simnlft. dp.tacVhfifl 2. ANISOMERA. " rigid and very short 9. GERANOMYIA. ' longer than the rest of the head . . 8. RHAMPHIDIA. f 1 S-ininf.pfl 13 DOLICHOPEZA 13 -jointed 6 DlCRANOTA a remote-monili- 1 •1 form, bipectinate > 10. RHIPIDIA. 2 in the male . . J 3 14-jointed . com act monili } 13 *1 form, unbranched \ ^ IjIMNOBiA- & in either sex -* (trlochma, Mg.) J •a, f .3 '•'1 | 2( a 1 p ^ d 'S 'sinuous ... 4. SYMPLECTA. t> bD •3 1 a 1 V 1 •1 I % j? ( shortest . 3. ERIOPIERA. 2 Tt ?3 9 J ** ^ t> lli 3 1 § i < •i 1 ' „ ~Z S 1 equal . 5b. LIMNOBIA, t| 3 1 1 ill 1 > § | 1 .. ^ (proprie dictum.} 1 i •-£3 J 1 6 •e /^entire . 5C. LIMNOBIA. o C3 CO 'o " ^four: Pobra- I (Limnophila, Mcq} -2 " B p "M -2 « chial areolet \ H 4f 2 .s "A I bisected 5d. LIMNOBIA. ,; '5 jl o a •3 (Idioptera, Mcq.) « ^«S TJ ex. 1 J rH t none 5e. LIMNOBIA. Winged : 1 i ^orked:Discalareo]et| (Tricyphona, ft/.) Anal vein ' 1 .1 s I one . 12. PEDICIA. 1 • 17-jointed : ( much the longest 7. ULA. O I to Last joint of ( palpi. . . 1 nearly equal . . 11. CYLINDROTOMA. 'fj ^ three (with an f none 5f. LIMNOBIA. ^ additional - w branch subse- < (Amalopis, Hal} quent : Discal 1 (-of more than 13 joints 14. NEPHROTOMA. areolet . "> one: An-; tennse . } ( unbranched ineithersex 15. TIPULA. % -13-jointed. XV111 GENERAL INDEX. Atrichia, Schr., I. 84. Atrichia, Desv., II. 16. Aulacigaster, IV. xiv. Axysta, II. 259, 262 ; IV. 345. Azaiia, IV. 6, 26, 342. Azelia, Desv., v. Atomogaster. Baccha, I. 237, 300. Bacchis, Desv., v. Limosina, p. Baumhaueria, II. 19. Beris, I. 10, 11. Bibio, IV. 134. Bibio, Fb., I. 73, 76, 79. Blepfiariptera, II. 162. Boletina, IV. 6, 33. Bolitophila, IV. 7, 71. Bombylius, I. 73, 80. Borborus, II. 172, 174. Bracfiyneura, IV. 73. Brachyopa, I. 237, 277- Brachypalpus, Mcq., v. Spilomyia. Brachystoma, I. 88, 102. Bucentes, II. 6, 12. Csenia, II. 259, 264 ; IV. 346. Callibcea, Ag., v. Colobsea. Callicera, I. 237, 238. Callimyia, Ag., v. Callomyia. Calliope, Hal., v. Lauxania, p. Calliphora, II. 107, sp. 1, 2. Callomyia, I. 224, 227. Callomyza, Fin., v, Callomyia. Calobcea, Ag., #. Colobeea. Calobata, II. 208, 214. Camarota, II. 223, 224. Camilla, IV. xiv. Campsicnemus, I. 149, 187. Camptosceles, I. 187. Campy lomyia, IV. 61. Carnpylomyza, IV. 7, 61. Canace, II. 259, 268 ; IV. 346. CarceKa, II. 15, 17- Caricea, Desv., II. 132, sp. 41. Cassidcemyia, II. 18. Catocha, IV. 7, 59. Cecidogona, IV. 7, 58. Cecidomyia, IV. 73. Cecidomyza, IV. 73. Celeripes, II. 290. Cephalemyia, II. 269, 271. Cephalops, I. 231, 233. Ceratitis, Macleay, v. Trypeta, p. Ceratocera, II. 250, 252. Ceratophyllus, v. Ceratopsyllns. Ceratopogon, IV. 149, 205. Ceratopsyttus, IV. 1. Cerdistus, I. 50. Ceria, I. 237, 238. Ceria, Scop., IV. 140. Ceroxys, II. 195. Ceyx, II. 214. Chattocera, II. 159. Chalarus, I. 231, 233. Chamcemyia, II. 191. Ckeilosia, v. Chilosia. Cheligaster, Mcq., v. Themira. Chenesia, IV. 264. Chersodromia, I. 88, 137. Chersothea, v. Halithea. Chetocera, Desv., v. Chsetocera. Chilosia, I. 237, 280. Chiornyza, Ag., v. Chiromyia. Chione, Desv., II. 166, sp. 3. Chionea, IV. 269. Chionea, IV. 56. Chirornyia, IV. xiii. Chironomus, IV. 149. Chloe, Desv., v. Anthomyia,.p. Chloromyia, I. 27. Chlorops, II. 223, 226. Chortophila, Mcq., II. 140, sp. 68, etc. Chromatowyia, Hardy, v. Agromyza, p. Chrysochlamis, 1. 237, 279. Chrysogaster, I. 237, 274. Chrysomyia, I. 10, 27. Chrysomyza, Fin., v. Mosillus. Chrysopilus (Chrysopila) , I. 63, 67. Chrysops, I. 35, 42. Ckrysosoma, II. 15. Chrysotoxum, I. 237, 263. Chrysotus, I. 149, 216; IV. xii. Chyliza, II. 215, 219. Chyromya, Desv., v. Chiromyia. Cistogaster, Ltr., v. Cystogaster. Clasiopa, IV. 344. Cleigastra, Mcq., v. Cordylura, p. Cleora, Hal., v. Clusia. Clinocera, I. 107; IV. xi. Clinorfhyncha, IV. 132. Clista, II. 15. Clitellaria, I. 10, 23. Clunio, I. 149, 241. Clusia, IV. xiii. Clytia, II. 14, 33, sp. 32. Coelomyia, IV. xiii. CcElopa, II. 149, 156. Coenia, Desv., v. Csenia. Coenosia, II. 117, 146. Colobfea, IV. xiv. Colpodia, IV. 76. Conicera, II. 276, 281, sp. 15. Conops, I. 305. Conops, Scop., I. 284, etc. Coprina, Desv., II. 172. GENERAL INDEX. XIX Coprina, Ztt, I. 253. Copromyza, II. 172, 174. Cordyla, IV. 7, 25. Cordylura, II. 149. Coretbra, IV. 242, 250. Corynoneura, IV. 149, 203. Crameria, II. 100. Crassiseta, Roser., II. 230, sp. 2. Craterina, II. 288. Criorrhiiia, I. 237, 258. Ctenophora, IV. 269, 333. Culex, IV. 242, 243. Culicoides, IV. 207- Curtoneura, v. Cyrtoneura. Cylindrotoma, IV. 269, 312, xv, xvi. Cynomyia, II. 101, 105, sp. 9, 10. Cyrtoma, I. 88, 115. Cyrtoneura, II. 107. Cystogaster, II. 15. Dacus, II. 187, 198. Dasyna, II. 219. Dasyneura, IV. 75. Dasyphora, II. 106. Dasypogon, I. 47, 56. Degeeria, II. 18, 19. Delia, Desv., II. 145, sp. 57. Ddina, II. 149. Demotions, Meg., II. 298, sp. 36. Dexia, II. 93, 94. Diadocidia, IV. 7, 48. Diamesa, IV. 193. Diamesa, Mg., IV. 57. Diaphorus, I." 149, 215. Diastata, II. 232, 235. Dichccta, II. 250, 251 ; IV. 344. Dicranomyia, Steph., v. Limaobia, p. Dicranota, IV. 269, 305. Dictenidia, IV. 333. Dictya, Desv., II. 160, sp. 4. Didea, I. 284. Dilophus, IV. 134, 139. Dinera, II. 94. Dioctria, I. 47, 58. Diomyza, Meg., v. Lasioptera. Diplosis, IV. 75. Dipsa, I. 222. Dirrhiza, IV. 77. Discocerina, II. 250, 253 ; IV. 344. Discomyza, II. 250, 251 ; IV. 344. Ditomyia, IV. 7, 63. Dixa, IV. 264, 266, xv. Dolichopeza, IV. 269, 315. Dolichopus, I. 149, 154. Doria, II. 19, 88, sp. 156. Doros, I. 237, 296. Doryccra, II. 149, 170. Drapetis, I. 88, 135. Drosophila, II. 232, 236. Drymia, II. 146. Dryomyza, II. 149, 163. Dryope, II. 163. Dyctia, Desv., v. Dictya. Echinomyia, II. 14. Echthistus, I. 50. Egeria, Desv., v . .ZEgeria. Effle, Desv., v. ^Egle. Elachiptera, Mcq., v. Crassiseta. Elaphropeza, I. 134. Elgiva, Mcq., v. Chione. Elomyia, v. Helomyia. Elophilus, I. 247. Empis, I. 88, 89. Enica, v. Henica. Enicita, v. Henicita. Enicopteryx, v. Henicopteryx, Enicopus, v. Henicopus. Ensina, II. 198. Ephippium, I. 23. Ephydra, II. 249, 259, 268; IV. 316. Epidapus, IV. 7, 56. Epidosis, IV. 77. Epipela, IV. 345. Epitriptus, I. 50. Erax, Scop., v. Asilus. Erebia, II. 15, 31, sp. 27. Erioptera, IV. 269, 273. Eriopteryx, Steph., v. Erioptera. Eriothrix, %., II. 34, sp. 34. Eriphia, IV. xiii. Eristalis, I. 237, 243. Eristalis, Fin., I. 280. Ustelia, II. 191. Estheria, II. 94. Euleja, Wlk., v. Aciura. Eumerus, I. 237, 240. Eurhina, II. 171. Eurygaster, II. 18, 19. Euthycera, Latr., v. Tetanocera. Euthyneura, I. 88, 111. Eutolmus, I. 50. Exorista, II. 17, 19. Fabricia, II. 16, 20, sp. 4. Fallenia, II. 19. Fannia, Desv., II. 145, sp. 38-40. Felltea, Desv., II. 128, sp. 29. Ferdinandia, I. 279. Flebotomus, v. Phlebotomus. Forcipomyia, IV. 207. Forellia, II. 198. Frontina, II. 18. Fucowyia, v. Phycomyia. XX11 GENERAL INDEX. Nerea, II. 174, 177. Neria, II. 214. Nirmomyia, II. 284. Nitellia, II. 106, 115, sp. 6, 7- Noda, Schell., v. Phora. Norellia, II. 149, 151, sp. 4. Notiphila, II. 249, 250 ; IV. 344. Nupharia, II. 149, 152, sp. 11, 12. Nycteribia, II. 290. Nyctia, Meg., II. 99, sp. 4. 0W*«a, II. 219. Ochthera, II. 249 ; IV. 344. Ochthiphila, II. 184, 191. Ocydromia, I. 88, 118. Ocyptera, II. 6, 8. Odontocera, II. 244. Odontomyia, I. 13. (Ecothea, Hal., II. 163, sp. 8. CEdalea, I. 88, 111. (Enopota, II. 236. (Estrus, II. 269. Ogcodes, I. 46. Oinopota, Kby., v. CEnopota. Oligotrophus, IV. 73. Oliviera, II. 15, 16. Oncodes, v. Ocgodes. Onesia, II. 115, sp. 8. Oodigaster, Mcq., II. 30, sp. 25. Opetia, I. 224, 229. Ophyra, II. 117, 145, sp. 51, 61, 62. Opomyza, II. 232, 233. Orellia, Desv., v. Trypeta, p. Ornithobia, II. 284, 285 ; IV. 343. Ornithomyia, II. 284, 286. Ornithomyza, II. 286. Orphnephila, IV. 263, 264. Ortalis, II. 193, 194. Orthobates, I. 218. Orthoceratium, I. 154. Orthochile, I. 149, 179. Orthoneura, I. 237, 273. Ortochile, v. Orthochile. Orygma, II. 149, 157. Oscinis, II. 223, 230. Oscinis, Desv., II. 223. Otites, Ltr., II. 197, sp. 2. Oxycera, I. 10, 19 ; IV. xi. Oxyna, Desv., II. 203, sp. 13. Oxyphora, Desv., v. Myopites, p. Oxypterum, II. 288 ; IV. xiv. Oxyrrhina, IV. xiii. Oxyrrhynchus, IV. 73. Ozirhynchus, Rdn., v. Oxyrrhynchus. Pachygaster, I. 10, 26. Pachymerina, I. 89. Pachypalpus, IV. 25. Pachyrrhina, IV. 330. Pales, II. 18. Palloptera, II. 184, 187; IV. xiii. Palpomyia, IV. 208. Palusia, Desv., II. 146, sp. 7, etc. Pamponerus, I. 50. Pandora, II. 213. Panzeria, II. 15. Paragus, I. 237, 267. Paramesia, I. 105. Parthenia, Desv., II. 8, 9, sp. 2. Parydra, IV. 345. Pedicia, IV. 269, 314. Pegomyia, II. 117, 144, sp. 78, 79, etc. Pelina, II. 259, 262; IV. 345. Peplomyza, II. 187. Pericoma, IV. 254, 256. Perithinus, I. 193. Peronecera, IV. 272. Petalophora, Mcq., v. Ceratitis. Phalcenomyia, IV. 261. Phania, II. 6, 10. Phantasma, II. 216. Phaonia, Desv., II. 126, sp. 24. Phasia, II. 6, 7. Pherbellia, II. 159. Pherbina, Desv., II. 169, sp. 10, etc. PhiRnta, Desv., II. 136, sp. 53. Pkilonicus, I. 50. Philygria, IV. 344. Phlebotomus, IV. 253. Phora, II. 276. Phorata, Desv., II. 143, sp. 77. Phormia, Desv., II. 115, sp. 3. Phorocera, II. 17, 18. Phrosia, II. 149. Phryno, II. 18, 90, sp. 161. Phryxe, II. 18. Phthiria, I. 83 ; IV. xi. Phthiridium, II. 290. Phycodromia, IV. xiii. Phycomyia, II. 156. Phyllis, Desv., II. 146, sp. 82. Phyllodromia, I. 88, 142. Phyllomyia, II. 94. Phyllomyza, Hal., v. Peplomyza. Phyllomyza, Ztt., v. Agromyza, p. Phytomyza, II. 244. Phytophaga, IV. 75. Piophila, II. 216, 221. Pipiza, I. 237, 269. Pipunculus, I. 231. Plagia, II. 16, 297, sp. 25. Planetella, Wwd., IV. xv. Planeles, Wlk., v. Planetella. Platycephala, II. 223. GENERAL INDEX. XX111 Platychirus, II. 284, 293, sp. 23, etc. Platycnema, I. 224, 229. Platypalpus, I. 88, 121. Platypeza, I. 224. Platyptera, Mg., I. 90, sp. 2. Platypterygia, Steph., v. Platyptera. Platystoma, II. 192, 193. Platyura, IV. 7, 64. Plaxemyia,II.106,lll,sp.l3;IV.xiii. Plectropus, I. 193. Plesiastina, IV. 842. Plesina, II. 15; IV. xiii. Ploas, Steph., v. Phthiria. Pocota, I. 258. PoKdea, Macq., II. 29, sp. 24. Pollenia, II. 106, 110, sp. 10. Porphyrops, I. 149, 210 ; IV. xii. Porphyrops, Mg., I. 193. Porricondyla, IV. 61. Posthon, IV. 262. Prionomyia, IV. 208. Procota, Ag. v. Pocota. Proseua, II. 93. Psalidomyia, II. 157- Psarus, I. 237, 266. Psila, II. 216, 219. Psilocerus, IV. 193. Psilomyia, II. 219. Psilopa, IV. 344. Psilopus, I. 149, 150. Psilota, I. 237, 269 ; IV. xii. Psychoda, IV. 254. Pterocera, I. 260. Ptilocera, II. 15. Ptiolina, I. 63, 71. Ptychoptera, IV. 269, 337. Ptychopteryx, Leach, v. Ptychoptera. Pulex, IV. 1. Pyrellia, II. 101, 112, sp. 15. Ragas, I. 88, 102. Reaumuria, Desv., II. 13, sp. 1. Rhadiurgus, I. 50. Rhagio, I. 64. Rhamphidia, IV. 269, 308. Rhamphina, II. 17. Rhamphomyia, I. 88, 108. Rhaphium, I. 149, 193. Rhingia, I. 237, 278. Rhinophora, II. 15, 289, sp. 17. Rhipidia, IV. 269, 311. Rhyphus, IV. 340, xv. Rivellia, II. 195, 197, sp. 6. Rffiselia, II. 17, 19. Rohrella, Desv., II. 124, sp. 17. Ryphus, Ztt., v. Rhyphus. Saccopteryx, IV. 201. Salia, II. 16. Saltella, II. 207, 213. Salticella, II. 171. Sapromyza, II. 187; IV. xiii. Sarcophaga, II. 101. Sargus, I. 10, 30. Satyra, I. 154. Scceva, I. 284. Scaptomyza, II. 238. ScateUa, II. 259, 265 ; IV. 346. Scatina, Desv., v. Scatophaga, p. Scatomyza, II. 298. Scatophaga, II. 149, 152. Scatophaga, II. 219. Scatops, Geof. (Scatopse), IV. 134, 140. Scenopinus, I. 84. Schrenomyza, II. 146. Sciapus, I. 150. Sciara, IV. 7, 50. Sciodromia, I. 88, 107. Sciomyza, II. 149, 158. Sciophila, IV. 6, 35. Scopolia, II. 19, 92, sp. 166. Scyphella, IV. xiii. Sejoptera, II. 195. Senometopia, Mcq., v. Stenometopia. Sepedon, II. 149, 169. Sepsis, II. 207, 208. Sericocera, II. 15, 94. Sericomyia, I. 237, 262. Serromyia, IV. 208. Servillia, Desv., II. 21, sp. 5. Siagona, Mg., v. Glochina. Sicus, Scop., II. 4. Sicus, Latr., I. 138. Simulium (Simulia), I. 146. Siphona, II. 12. Siphonella, Mcq., v. Madiza. Sitarea, Desv., v. Trypeta, p. Spania, I. 63, 72. Spaniocera, IV. 73. Spheerocera, II. 172. Spharomias, IV. 208. SpJi&rophoria, I. 298. Sphegina, I. 237, 301. Sphenella, II. 198. Spilogaster, II. 117, 130, sp. 36. Spilomyia, Mg., I. 259, sp. 6. Stegana, IV. xiv. Stenometopia, II. 15, 25, sp. 14, etc. Stenepteryx, II. 284, 288. Stomoxys, II. 106, 116. Stratiomys, I. 13 ; IV. xi. Sturmia, II. 17. Styffia, I. 79. Stylidia, II. 291. Styrer, I. 67. XXIV GENERAL INDEX. Subula, I. 33, 34. Suillia, II. 187- Sybistroma, I. 149, 153. Sycorax, IV. 254, 262. Sylvia, II. 191, sp. 4. Symmerus, IV. 63. Symplecta, IV. 269, 278. Syphona, v. Siphona. Syritta, I. 237, 253. Syrphus, I. 237, 284. Syrphus, Fin., I. 242, 247- Tabanus, I. 35, 36. Tachina, II. 6, 14. Tachydromia, I. 88, 138. Tachydromia, Mg., I. 121. Tachypeza, I. 139. Tetchy trechus, I. 173. Tanyptem, IV. 333. Tanypus, IV. 149, 195. Teichomyza, v. Tichomyza. Telmatobia, IV. 345. Temnostoma, I. 256. Tephritis, II. 198. TereUia, II. 198. Terenia, II. 187. Tetanocera, II. 149, 165. Tetaiiops, II. 171. Tetanura, II. 215, 216. Tethina, II. 240. Tetragoneura, IV. 7, 43. Thawnalea, IV. 263, 264. Thelaira, II. 94. Thelida, IV. xiii. Themira, II. 207, 211. Thereva, I. 73. Thinophilus, I. 149, 190. Thryptocera, Mcq., II. 67, sp. 109. Tbyreophora, IV. xiii. Tichomyza, II. 259, 267 ; IV. 346. Timia, IV. xiii. Tinearia, IV. 254. Tipula, IV. 269, 318. Toechobates, I. 218. Toxoneura, II. 187, 191, sp. 12. Trennia, II. 126, sp. 23. Trichina, I. 113. Trichocera, IV. 270. Trichocera, IV. 205. Tricbomyia, IV. 254, 261, xv. Trichoptera, IV. 254. Tricyphona, IV. 269, 282. Trigonometopus, IV. xiii. Trimerina, II. 250, 252; IV. 344. Trineura, II. 276. Trixa, II. 100. Tropidia, I. 237, 252. Trupanea, II. 187. Trypeta, II. 193, 198. Tryphera, II. 17, 18. Tyrophaga, II. 221. Ula, IV. 269, 307, xvi. Ulidia, II. 193, 194, sp. 2. Ulorayia, IV. 254, 261. Unomyia, v. Limuobia, p. Urellia, II. 198. Uromyia, Mg., II. 10, sp. 2. Urophora, II. 198. Vappo, I. 26. Volucella, I. 237, 260. Volucella, I. 83. Wiedemannia, Mg., II. 94. Wiedemannia, Ztt., I. 88, 106; IV. Win'themia, II. 17. Xiphidicera, I. 111. Xiphura, IV. 333. Xylophagus, I. 33. Xylota, I. 237, 254. Zenillia, Desv., v. Tachina, p. Zodion, II. 3. Zophomyia, II. 17, 18, 29, sp. 24. Zygoneura, IV. 7, 57. INSECTA BRITANNICA. DIPTERA. SUCTORIDEA. FAMILY I. PULICIILE. The characters of Suctoridea, in Vol. I. p. 4 of this work, will also serve for the Pulicidee, which is the only Family in that division. Genus I. PULEX. PULEX, L. S. N. ii. 1021 (1753); Latr. ; Lea. ; Duges ; Bouche ; Newm. Pulex et CeratopJiyllus aut Ceratopsyllus> Curt. Pulex et IscJmopsyl- lus, Westw. Corpus compressum, coriaceum, nitens, setosum. Oculi parvi, rotundi, simplices. Mandibulse setiformes, compressse, raarginibus serrulatis. Lingua nulla. Maxillae parvse, lamelliformes, coriaceaB, subtriangu- lares. Palpi maxillares 4-articulati. Labium parvum, membrana- ceum. Mentum minutum. Palpi labiales triarticulati. Antenna3 4-articulatse ; articulus quartus incisuris transversis. Abdomen seg- mentis septem. Pedes longi; postici saltatorii; coxaBmagnse; fe- mora robusta \ tibia3 setosas ; ungues validi. Body compressed, hard, shining, setose. Eyes small, round, simple. Mandibles composed of two elongated, flattened seta?, with a central rib, and with the edges finely serrulated. Lingua obsolete. Maxillae small, lamelliform, coriaceous, subtriangular. Maxillary palpi four- jointed, attached to the base of the maxillaB. Labium small, membra- nous. Mentum smaller than the labium. Labial palpi three-jointed, seated on the apex of the labium. Antenna four-jointed; third joint very minute ; fourth with transverse incisions, and apparently articu- lated. Prothorax, mesothorax, and metathorax short. Abdomen coni- VOL. IV. B 2 PULICTD^E. posed of seven distinct segments. Legs long, the hind pair formed for leaping ; coxse large ; femora stout ; tibiae setose ; tarsi with two strong claws. Yery few insects are more generally known than the Plea ; and for a more detailed history of it, the following authors may be especially consulted : — Leuwenhoeck, Hosel, De Geer, Latreille, Defrance, Duges, Bouche, Strauss -Durckheim, Newman, and Westwood. The South American Chigoe or Jigger, Pulex pene- trans, L. (genus Sarcopsylla, Westw.), is much more injurious, for it buries itself beneath the skin, and sometimes causes morti- fication. The eggs of the common flea are large, white, oval. The larvae are long and vermiform, with thirteen segments ; the head is rather longer than the other segments, and somewhat at- tenuated in front, and has two short one-jointed antennae; the anal segment is furnished with two slightly curved appendages. They feed on animal matter, whether on the bodies of birds and beasts, or cast off. The pupa is inactive, and generally enclosed in a silken cocoon. The following specific descriptions are mostly translated from Bouche. 1. irritans, L. S. N. ii. 1021 (1753); F.; Gmel.; Scop.; Leach; Duges ; Bouche ; Guer. Piceo-fusca, capite nitente Itsvi sparse et sub- tiliter punctato, pedibus pallidioribus, femoribus posticis intus ciliatis, tarsorum anticorum articulo secundo posticorum primo longissimo. Long. 1 lin. THE COMMON FLEA. — Abdomen above with two stout apical diverging bristles. Coxae very broad, flat, with short bristles above. Femora equally broad, flat, somewhat thicker than the coxae, with short hairs, fore pair with two stout apical bristles above, hind pair fringed with bristles on the inner side. Tibice and tarsi with stout apical spines. Ungues fringed beneath with little spines. The joints of the tarsi in relation to their com- parative length have the following succession in the fore pair, 2, 5, 1, 3, 4, and in the hind pair, 1, 5, 2, 3, 4. Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 2. Canis, St.; Duges A. S. N. 163. 2. pi. 4. f. 2-5 (1832); Bouche ; Steph. ; Curt. — terrestris ? Macq. Pallide piceo-fusca, capite nudo nitente Icevi sparse et subtiliter punctato, coxis et femoribus fere nu- dis, tarsorum anticorum articulo quinto posticorum primo longissimo. Long, f lin. Resembles P. irritans, but is smaller and paler, and has shorter legs ; coxes slightly bristly. Femora almost bare. Tibice thicker than in P. irritans. Joints of the fore tarsi in relation to their comparative length, 5, 2, 1, 3, 4 ; of the hind tarsi, 1, 5, 2, 3, 4. Ungues of the male broad, and fringed with black spines on both sides. Infests the dog and the fox. (E. S. I.) 3. Gallinse, Schr. F. B. iii. 195 (1798); Bouche. Piceo-fusca, PULEX. 3 ovata, capite nitente lavi longiusculo, prothorace nigro-costato, tarsorum omnium articulo primo longissimo. Long. -§- lin. Much smaller and more compact than P. irritans. Antenna almost lanceolate ; last joint slender. Maxillary palpi slender, Jiliform. Legs much contracted, with bare femora, and with slightly spinose tibiae and tarsi. Joints of all the tarsi in relation to their comparative length, 1, 2, 5,3,4. The larvae resemble those of P. irritans, but are darker. The eggs are white, globose, and continue about fourteen days. On hens, especially in their nests. (E. S. I.) 4. Felis, Bouche', Nov. Act. Acad. Gas. xvii. 1. 505. 4 (1835). Pallide piceo-fusca, capite nitente lavi postice punctato, facie subtus genis- que ciliis nigro-spinulosis, prothorace nigro-costato, tibiis posticis apice dilatatis, tarsorum anticornm articulo quinto posticorum primo longissimo. Long, -f- lin. Almost as large as P. irritans. The whole of the face beneath and the gena fringed with little black spines, which, in the last, have a lateral direction. Fore coxa altogether coarsely punctured. Femora bare, hind pair fringed on the inner side with long bristles. Tibia and tarsi spinose. Joints of the fore tarsi in relation to their comparative length, 5, 2, 1, 3, 4 ; of the hind tarsi, 1, 2, 5, 3, 4. Infests the cat. (E. S. I.) 5. Martis, Bouche, Nov. Act. Acad. Cses. xviii. 1. 506. 5 (1835). Piceo-fusca, capite lam nitente nudo, genis spinulis nigris ciliatis, pro- thorace nigro-costato, tibiis apice dilatatis, tarsorum anticorum articulo quinto posticorum primo longissimo. Long. £ lin. Darker than P. Felis, which it much resembles, and the joints of the tarsi have the same comparative length ; the clypeus is without spines, and the body is not so thickly covered with bristles as in that species. Fore coxa coarsely punctured ; femora bare, the hind pair fringed with bristles ; tibia and tarsi with stout spines. Infests martens and dogs. (E.) 6. Sciuronim, Olf. Comm. 48 (1816); Schr.; Bouche. Pallide piceo-fusca, nitens, lams, capite nudo, prothorace nigro-costato, abdominis lateribus nudis, tarsorum articulo primo longissimo. Long. ]£ lin. Somewhat larger and more elongated than P. irritans. Body smooth, shining. Head bare. Antenna pale yellow, short, obconical. Protho- rax ribbed. Mesothorax almost bare. Femora bare, contracted. Fore tarsi without spines. Hind tarsi shorter tlian in the other species. Joints of the fore tarsi in relation to their comparative length, 1, 5, 2, 3, 4 -, of the hind tarsi, 1, 2, 3, 5, 4. Ungues straight, and so close together as to be apparently but one ; the middle pair somewhat thickened. Infests the squirrel. (E. S. I.) 7. Erinacei, Leach; Bouche, Nov. Act. Acad. Ca3s. xvii. 1. 507. 7 (1835). Pallide piceo-fmca; capite nitente lavi, anlice nudo, postice 4 PULICIDvE. punctato et setoso, metathorace nigro-costato supra sulcis latioribus, tar- sorum anticorum articulo quinto posticorum primo longissimo. Long, llin. As large as P. irritans. Each eye beneath with two downward-point- ing bristles. Hind border of the mesothorax fringed with little spines, which appear like black ribs on the metathorax. Fore coxce large, coarsely punctured., and, like the others, beset with a few bristles. Femora bare. Tibia and tarsi, the hinder especially, bristly. Joints of the fore tarsi in relation to their length, 5, 2, 1, 3, 4 ; of the hind tarsi, 1, 2, 5, 3, 4. Infests the hedgehog. (E. S. I.) 8. Talpse (Sam. Comp. 1. 35) Curt.! B. E. pi. 114 (1826); Bouche. — -fasciatus, Latr. ; Rose. Fusco-fiava, capite nitente setoso, an- tennis fusiformibus, prothorace costato nigro, coxis anticis spinosis, tarso- rum omnium articulo primo longissimo. Long. |— 1 liu. Legs dark. Joints of the fore tarsi in reference to their length, 1, 5, 2, 3, 4 ; of the hind tarsi, 1, 2, 5, 3, 4. Hind metatarsi very long and thick. Fern. Apical abdominal segment extended on each side, and so forming two vertical semicircular discs. Infests the mole. (E. S. I.) 9. Musculi, Duges, A. S. N. xxvii. 163. 3. pi. 4. f. 3. 10 (1832) ; Bouche. — Muris, Curt. Fusco-Jlava, antice attenuata, capite punctato setoso, temporibus spinu- lis nonnullis abbreviatis ciliatis, prothorace costato, femoribus arcuatis, tarsorum anticorum articulo quinto, posticorum primo longissimo. Long, f lin. Body much attenuated in front. Head wholly clothed with short bristles ; temples ivith some short, small black spines. Legs almost without spines ; femora and fore tibia curved; the latter fringed with black bristles ; fore coxae coarsely punctured with black' bristles. Joints of the fore tarsi with reference to their length, 5, 2, 1, 3, 4 ; of the hind tarsi, 1, 2, 3, 5, 4. Fore ungues incrassated. Infests the common mouse. (E. S. I.) 10. Vespertilionis, Sara. ; Duges, A. S. N. xxvii. 164. 4. pi. 4. f. 4(1832); Bouche; Steph. ; Curt.— elongatus, Curt.! B. E. pi. 417. — trifasciatus, Curt. Fusco-Jlava, antice valde attenuata, capite longo setis postice incumbentibus, prothorace abdominisque segmentis primo se- cundo quinto sexto et septimo nigro-costatis, pedibus gracilibus, tarsorum omnium articulo primo longissimo. Long, f lin. Body much attenuated in front. Head long, pointed. Antenna fusi- form. Genes with two black conical little spines on each side. Legs long, slender, pale yellow, with black articulations. Joints of all the tarsi with reference to their length, 1, 2, 3, 5, 4. Infests the bat. (E. S. I.) 11. Fringillae, Steph. MSS. Parva, brevis, lata, testacea, nitens, supra nigricans, P. Ilirundinis minor et brevior, pedibus gracilioribus minusque setosis. Long. 1 lin. NEMOCERA. 5 Body small, rather short and deep, testaceous, shining blackish above ; smaller and shorter than P. Hirundinis, and with more slender and less bristly legs. Infests the nests of the sparrow. (E. S. I.) 12. Hirundinis, Steph.; Sam. Ent. Comp. 1. 35; Curt. Tes- tacea, subelongata, antennis abbreviatis, thoracis fascia postica nigra, ab- dominis apice subsetoso, pedibus setosis. Long. 1£ lin. Testaceous, slightly elongated. Antennae short. Thorax with a black band on the hinder part. Abdomen slightly setose at the tip. Legs se- tose ; joints of the tarsi from the first to the fourth successively decreasing in length ; ffth longer than the third. Infests the swallow. (E. S. I.) 13. Cohimbae, Steph. Syst. Cat. ii. 328. 9315. 10; Curt. Tea- tacea, valde elongata, antice attenuata, fasciis 5 aut 6 nigris, abdominis apice pedibusque subsetosis. Long. 1£ lin. Body testaceous, much elongated, attenuated in front, with five or six slight black bands. Antennae of moderate length. Tip of the abdomen and legs slightly setose; joints of the hind tarsi from the first to the fourth successively decreasing in length. Infests the pigeon. (E. S. I.) 14. Melis, Leach/MSS. Magna, testacea, sat longa, stibpilosa, an- tennis sat longis, abdominis apice quadrisetoso, pedibus setosulis. Long. H lin. Large, testaceous, rather long, slightly hairy. Antennae filiform, longer than the head ; second joint longer than the first ; third shorter than the second ; fourth longer than the third. Abdomen with four bristles near the tip. Legs rather setose ; joints of the tarsi from the first to the fourth successively decreasing in length. Infests the badger. (E.) NEMOCERA. NEMOCEKA, Latr. ; Mcq. ; Westw. ; Zett. ; Eoss. (V.). Tipularite, Meig. ; Lam. ; Fall. ; Eafinesque. Sclerostoma p., Dumr. Tipulidce, Eond. Tipulidn, Bigot. Aplocera p., Dumr. Tipulina et Culicina, Newm. Polymer a, Burm. Culicina et Tipularice, Agas. This is the first group of the Proboscidea, which follow the Sitcloridea ; its characters are detailed in Vol. I. p. 5 of this work. It comprises ten families. MYCETOPHILIB^E, FAMILY II. MYCETOPHILIDJS. MYCETOPHILID^, Haliday, Ins. Dipt. Brit. 1. 7 (1851) ; Bigot. Ti- pularice funyicola p., Latr. ; Meig. ; Mcq. Mycetophilitet, Nevvm. Tipulidce cecidomyides p., et T. Mycetophilides p., Westw. Myceto- philincB et Sciarince, Zett. Sciophilina et Lestremime, Eond. Ocelli saepissime duo aut ires. Pronotum inconspicuum. Mesonoti scutum indivisum. Areola discalis nulla. Body generally small, elongated, nearly bare, often straightened in the middle. Head small. Eyes lateral, round or oval. Ocelli tico or three, rarely none. Proboscis very generally short, long in Gnoriste. Palpi extended (retracted in Corynocera), incurved, cylindrical, with three or four joints, the first very short. Antennae 10-1 6 -jointed, porrect, simple, pectinated in Plaiyroptilon. Thorax convex. Pro- notum inconspicuous. Scutum of the mesothorax undivided. Wrings and halteres complete, none in Epidapus ; discal areolet wanting. Abdomen often compressed, with seven segments, eight in Corynocera. Legs of moderate length, rarely long; coxae most often long; tibiae generally with spurs at the tips. The Mycetaphttida generally inhabit woods, and their larvae mostly feed on decaying vegetable matter. The body is generally compressed ; the legs formed for leaping ; the coxse long, and the tips of the tibiae armed with spurs. The typical genus, Myceto- phila, and especially M. nigra, has much resemblance to the Pu- j whilst the last genus, Bolitophila, is closely allied to the , by means of Dixa and Trickocera. The genera may be arranged according to the following syn- opsis : — «. Tibise armed with spines. b. Mouth not produced. c. Abdomen compressed. d. Antennae rather slender, of moderate length. 1. MYCETO- PHILA. d d. Antennae short, stout. e. Subapical and subanal veins simple. 3. AZANA. e e. Subapical and subanal veins forked. 2. CORDYLA. c c. Abdomen not compressed. d. "Wings with one cubital areolet. e. Subcostal vein short. 4. LEIA. e e. Subcostal vein rather long. 5. BOLETINA. d d. Wings with two cubital areolets. e. Middle ocellus very minute. 6. SCIOPHILA. e e. Ocelli of nearly equal size. 7. TETRAGONEURA. b b. Mouth produced into a rostrum. 8. ASINDULUM. MYCETOPHILID^E. 7 a a. Tibiae with extremely minute spines, or without spines. b. With wings and halteres. c. Cubital vein not forked. d. Subanal vein forked. e. Tibiae with long spurs. 9. LEPTOMORPHUS. e e. Tibise with very short spurs. 11. MYCETOBIA. d d. Subanal vein not forked. e. Hind tibiae with very minute spines. 10. DIADOCIDIA. e e. Hind tibiae without any spines. /. Antennae fifteen- or sixteen-jointed in both sexes. g. Fore fork of the subapical vein straight. h. Antennae bare, or nearly so. 12. SCIARA. Ji Ti. Antennae pilose, verticillate in the male. 15. LESTREMIA. g g. Fore fork of the subapical vein much curved. 14. ZYGONEURA. //. Antennae eleven-jointed. 16. CECIDOGONA. ///. Antennae of the male sixteen-jointed, of the female ten-jointed. 17. CATOCHA. ////• Antennas nine-jointed. 18. AN ARETE. /////. Antennae fourteen- to fifteen-jointed. 19. CAM- PYLOMYZA. c c. Cubital vein forked. d. Wings pubescent. 20. DITOMYIA. d d. Wings not pubescent. e. Antennae short, stout. 21 . PLATYURA. e e. Antennae long, slender. /. Subcostal vein ending at much before half the length of the wing. 22. MACROCERA. //. Subcostal vein ending at about half the length of the wing. 23. BOLITOPHILA. b 6. No wings nor halteres. 13. EPIDAPUS. Note. " I find, first, a group in which the prsebrachial and po- brachial areolets are confluent, the prsebrachial vein being faint or obsolete; second, a group in which the prsebrachial areolet is entirely separated from the pobrachial by a distinct prsebrachial vein, but the pobrachial is feat open to the posterior margin, and not closed by a transverse vein. "Of the first group, some (Bolitophila) have the pobrachial much shorter, so that the compounded areolet is irregular in form (so it is also in Orphnephila, in Fam. Heteroclita) . The rest have the two brachial areolets conterminous, forming, united, one areo- let, with a broad apex (Macrocera, Mycetobia, Ditomyia, Diadoci- dia, Asindulum, Platyura,, and Cerojplatus) . Of these, Diadocidia differs from all the rest, in having a simple cubital vein, instead of the forked one in the others ; the forks in Mycetolia spring toge- MYCETOPHILID^. ther from the angle of the brachial areolet, but in the others form a petiolated fork, the anterior branch being very short, and nearly transverse, in Platyura, Asindulum, and Ceroplatus. "In the second group most of the genera have the petiolate forked vein, which represents the subapical vein, and a second forked vein, the pobrachial with the subanal (the latter wanting in Mycetophila nitida and its affinities). Sciophila and Tetrago- neum have a small areolet, closed by a transverse vein (wanting in the rest), which, though changed in position, appears analogous to the anterior branch of the cubital in Platyura, etc. Lestremia and the allied genera differ from Sciara chiefly by the origin of the subapical vein; the spurless tibiae, shorter coxae, and vacillat- ing number of the joints of the antennae, and evidently four-jointed palpi, approaching, as I think, to Campylomyza, in which the short coxae of the fore pair do not touch the second pair, the subapical vein is simple, and the subanal springs from the pobra- chial, very near the end, forming a short fork. Catoclia is allied to Lestremia, but the difference of the veins is evident. With respect to Epidapus, the disappearance of the ocelli, with the wings and halteres, leaves fewer marks by which to collocate it, but the form of the abdomen, with the sixteen- jointed antennae, place it near Sciara; the spurless tibiae show an approach to Lestremia. " The genera then may be grouped thus : — 1 . . BOLITOPHILA. f 1 . . CORDYLA. MACROCERA. f MYCETOPHILA. MYCETOBIA. BOLETINA. DIADOCIDIA. LEPTOMORPHUS. 2c DITOMYIA. LEIA. CEROPLATUS. 2 \ TETRAGONEURA. PLATYURA. / 1 / SCIOPHILA. ASINDULUM. SCIARA. ZYGONEURA. EPIDAPUS. LESTREMIA. CECIDOGONA. AN ARETE. CATOCHA. CAMPYLOMYZA." Haliday, MSS. Genus I. MYCETOPHILA. MYCETOPHILA, Steeger, Dipt. Dan. (1840); Zett. D. S. Sciara p., MYCETOPHILA. 9 Fabr. Mycetopkila p., Meig.; Mcq.; Curt.; Westw. Mycetophila \>. et Macquartia, Zett. I. L. Corpus saepissime parvum, elongatum, pubescens, pallidum, fuscum, aut nigricans. Caput parvum, rotundatum, subtransversum, sessile, thorace humilius. Frons lata. Oculi ovati. Ocelli tres, quorum duo laterales remoti, medius minimus. Proboscis brevis. Palpi 4-articu- lati, incurvi, subfiliformes ; articulus primus minutus ; secundtis, ter- tius, et quartus subaequales. Antennae 16-articulatae, filiformes aut subcylindricae, subcompressae, arcuatim porrectae, corporis dimidio non longiores. Thorax ovatus, convexus. Metathorax declivis. Alae mediocres, incumbentes; venae subapicalis et subanalis saepis- sime furcatse. Abdomen segmentis 7, plus minusve compressum. Pedes mediocres ; coxae magnse ; femora compressa ; tibiae spinosse, apice calcaratae ; tarsi longi, graciles. Mas. Abdomen subcylindricum, apice obtusum. Fcem. Abdomen plus compressum, apice acutum. Body more or less small, elongated, pubescent, testaceous, yellowish, brown, or black. Head small, sessile, rounded, slightly transverse, lower than the thorax. Front broad. Eyes oval. Ocelli 3, the mid- dle one very minute, the lateral pair remote. Proboscis short. Palpi four-jointed, curved downward, nearly filiform, having a considerable difference in some species ; first joint minute, the rest nearly equal in size. Antennae sixteen-jointed, filiform or nearly cylindrical, slightly compressed, setaceous or conical, and thick in some species, curved and porrect, not more than half the length of the body. Thorax oval, con- vex. Metathorax sloping. Wings of moderate length and breadth, incumbent, hyaline, occasionally spotted ; radial vein straight, ending at before three-fourths of the length ; cubital emitting the subapical at a little beyond the middle of the wing, near which it forms an angle at its junction with the praebrachial transverse, and is thence straight to the end, which is a little in front of the tip of the wing ; the praebra- chial transverse vein, and the radial before its junction therewith, close the praebrachial areolet, and are termed its veinlets in the following specific descriptions ; subapical forked, fore fork ending at very little behind the tip of the wing ; subanal generally forked, ending at about three-fourths of the length ; anal varying as to length ; humeral vein- let near the base; areolets generally 10 — the humeral, the radial, the subcostal, the praebrachial, the pobrachial, the cubital, the subapical, one externo-inedial, the anal, and the axillary ; posterior margin form- ing a very obtuse angle at full twice the length of the humeral areolet from the base. Halteres distinct, rather short. Abdomen with seven segments, more or less compressed. Legs of moderate length; coxae long ; femora compressed ; four hinder tibiae spinose, with two spurs at the tips ; fore tibiae hardly spinose, with one spur at the tips ; tarsi long, slender. Male. Abdomen nearly cylindrical ; tip obtuse. Fern. Abdomen more compressed ; tip acute. The species of all the Mi/cetopkilida are most distinguished by VOL. iv. c 10 MYCETOPHILIDJ!. the elongated coxae and spurred tibise, and their movements are short, skipping, and abrupt, like those of other genera with simi- larly formed legs, such as Pulex, Orckesia, Anaspis, Talitrus, etc. The fore legs have comparatively short tibiae and long tarsi, the hind legs long tibise and short tarsi. The larva of M.fusca is vermiform ; its head is small, with two short antennae ; there are two spiracles on the prothorax, and two on the seven basal joints of the abdomen. The larvae of most species feed on Fungi or fioleti, and spin silken webs, within which they become pupae. The species may be grouped thus :— a. Tibiae thickly beset with long, stout spurs. b. Subanal vein or pobrachial vein simple or entire. Species 1-4. b b. Subanal vein forked. c. Wings with a subapical band. Species 5-11. c c. Wings with no subapical band. d. Wings with a discal spot. Species 12-15. d d. Wings unspotted. Species 16-18. a a. Tibiae thinly beset with short slender spurs. b. Fork of the subanal vein very much nearer than the fork of the subapical to the base of the wing. Species 19-21. b b. Fork of the subanal vein much nearer than the fork of the sub- apical to the base of the wing. Species 22-24. b b b. Fork of the subanal vein a little nearer than the fork of the subapical to the base of the wing. Species 25-27. b b b b. Fork of the subanal vein very little nearer than the fork of the subapical to the base of the wing. Species 28, 29. b b b b b. Fork of the subanal vein hardly nearer than the fork of the subapical to the base of the wing. Species 30, 31. b b b b b b. Fork of the subapical vein as far as the fork of the sub- anal from the base of the wing. Species 32. b b b b b b b. Fork of the subapical vein a little nearer than the fork of the subanal to the base of the wing. Species 33. bbbbbbbb. Fork of the subapical vein very much nearer than the fork of the subanal to the base of the wing. Species 34-41. In the eighteen following species the body is rather stout ; the an- tennae robust and compact, slightly setaceous, a little longer than the thorax ; the legs are thick ; the posterior tibiae have very long spurs ; and the hind tibia? are armed on each side with long stout spines ; the tarsi are comparatively short, and the posterior are thickly setose be- neath. This group comprises nearly all the MycetopJiilce with spotted wings. The species from the first to the sixth have a simple subanal or pobrachial vein, and in the rest the subapical vein is very short before its fork, which is opposite, or nearly so, to the fork of the sub- anal. 1. nigra, Meig. Zw. i. 270. 23 (1818), vi. 304. 23 (1830) ; Mcq. ; MYCETOPHILA. 11 Zett. ; Stseg. ; Boss. — nitida, Meig. — atra ? Mcq. Nigra, palpis an- tennis basi halteribus pedibusque testaceis, alls cinercis immaculatis, fe- moribus posterioribus apice tarsisque nigris. Long. |~ 1 ; alar. 1^-2 lin. Black. Palpi testaceous. Antennae sometimes testaceous at the base. Wings grey ; veinlets of the praebrachial areolet forming an obtuse angle ; the hind one about twice the length of the fore one, and nearly as long as the subapical vein before its fork ; anal vein rather less than half the length of the subanal. Halteres testaceous. Legs testaceous ; tarsi black ; posterior femora with black tips ; fore tibias a little longer than the fore metatarsi. Note. Meigen, in his sixth volume, has corrected his previous erroneous description of this species. Not rare in woods, from June to October. (E. S. I.) 2. notata, Stann. Observ. Spec. Mycetoph. 17, 18 (1831). Nigra, antennis basi pedibusque flavis, alls macula media fusca, femoribus pos- ticis apice fuscis. Long, f-1 ; alar. 1^-2 lin. Black. AutennaB at the base and legs yellow. Wings with a discal brown spot. Hind femora with brown tips. Not common. (E. I.) 3. binotata, Hal. MSS. Nigra, antennis basi pedibusque flavis, alls macula media et fascia ante apicem fuscis. Long. |— 1 ; alar. 1^—2 lin. Black, with fine pale pubescence. First and second joints of the antennae, and base of the third, dingy yellow. Thorax with brown hairs. Wings yellowish, hyaline, with a brown middle spot occupying the fork of the praebrachial vein and the median vein, and a brown subapical band, which is broader in front; veins brownish ferruginous. Legs dingy yellow; tibiae with brown spurs, their lateral spines rather long, slender, black; tarsi with brownish tips; fore tarsi thrice the length of the tibiae or upwards; fore metatarsus hardly shorter than the tibiae ; hind tarsi nearly longer by half than the tibia?. Bare. In Mr. Haliday's collection. (I.) In the three preceding species, the head and the mesonoturn form a continuous even curve. 4. pahidosa? Staeg. Dipt. 265. 40 (1840) ; Zett. Nigro-cinerea, palpis halteribus pedibusque testaceis, alls subcinereis, nebulis duabus subobsoletis, una discali, altera subapicali, femoribus tibiisque apice tar- sisque nigricantibus. Long. 1^; alar. 2 lin. Greyish-black. Palpi testaceous. Antennae rather longer than the thorax. Wings sliglilly greyish, very indistinctly clouded about the tip of the prcebrachial areolet and near the tip of the costa ; veinlets of the preebrachia] areolet forming an obtuse angle, the hind one twice the length of the fore one, and about half the length of the subapical vein before its fork ; anal vein short. Halteres testaceous. Abdomen about twice the length of the thorax. Legs testaceous, stout ; tarsi and tips of the femora and of the tibia) blackish. 12 MYCETOPHILID^E. Note. The specimen here described has much resemblance to M. nigra, and may possibly not be M. paludosa. Eare. (E.) 5. pictipennis, Stseg. D. D. 266. 41 (1840) ; Zett. Nigra, sub- nitens, alls subcinereis maculis duabus diffusis fuscis apud marginem pus- ticum connexis et pallidioribus, halteribus pedibusque testaceis, tarsis nigricantibus. Long. 1 ; alar. 2 lin. Black, slightly shining. Palpi and antennae blackish. Thorax with tawny down. Wings greyish, with a large brown spot by the prcebrachial areolet, and another near the tip of the costa ; these spots are connected in the disc of the wing, and extend thence in a paler band to the hind border; veinlets of the prrebrachial areolet forming an obtuse angle ; the hind one about twice the length of the fore one, and as long as the subapical vein before its fork; anal vein short. Halteres testaceous. Legs dingy, testaceous ; tarsi blackish. Eare. (E.) 6. rara, Stseg. D. D. 266. 42 (1840); Zett. Nigro-fusca, palpis pedibusque fulvis, antennis fuscis basi fulvis, thorace maculis duabus fulvis, alis subcinereis, maculis duabus subobsoletis fuscescentibus, halteri- bus albidis, tarsis fuscis. Long. H-l| ; alar. 2^-3 lin. Blackish-brown. Palpi tawny. Antenna? brown, not longer than the thorax, tawny at the base. Thorax slightly clothed with pale to- mentum; a tawny spot on each side in front.. Wings very slightly greyish, icith a large, indistinct, brownish, subapical, costal spot ; trans- verse veinlets of the prabrachial areolet very slightly clouded with brown, forming a very obtuse angle ; the hind one about twice the length of the fore one, and nearly as long as the subapical vein before its fork ; anal vein about half the length of the subanal. Halteres whitish. Legs tawny ; tarsi brown ; fore tibise hardly longer than the fore me- tatarsi. Eare. (E.) 7. bimaculata, F. S. A. 59. 12 (1805); Stseg.; Zett. D. S.—di- usta, Meig. — arcuata p., Zett. I. L. — pictula? Meig. Nigro-fusca, palpis, thoracis vittis duabus, halteribus, ventre, segmentorum margi- nibus posticis pedibusque testaceis, antennis basi fulvis, alis subcinereis macula discali fascia que subapicali obscuris, apicibus cinereis, tarsis fuscis. Long. 2-2|; alar. 4-5 lin. Blackish-brown, thinly clothed with pale down. Palpi testaceous. Antennae blackish-brown, tawny at the base. Thorax very stout, on each side with a testaceous stripe, which is dilated in front. Wings slightly greyish, with a brown spot, which extends from the costa to the prtfbrachial areolet, and at three-fourths of the length with a grey band, which is brown in front ; tips grey ; veinlets of the preebrachial areolet forming a very obtuse angle ; the hind one about twice the length of the fore one, and of the subapical vein before its fork ; subanal vein forked MYCETOPHILA. 13 at a little beyond the fork of the subapical; anal vein extending far beyond the fork of the subanal. Halteres testaceous. Abdomen tes- taceous beneath and along the hind borders of the segments. Legs testaceous ; tarsi brown ; fore tibiae as long as the fore metatarsi. Not common. (E. I.) In the two following species, the veinlets of the prsebrachial areolet form a slightly obtuse angle ; the hind one is more than twice the length of the fore one, and of the subapical vein before its fork. Subanal vein forked at very little before the fork of the subapical. Anal vein not extending beyond the fork of the subanal. 8. lutescens, Zett. D. Sc. xi. 4178. 3 (1852). lulva, antennis fuscescentibus basi fulvis, pectore halteribus pedibusque testaceis, alls subcinereis ad costam fulvescentibus macula discali fasciaque subapicali fuscis, abdomine fusco apice fulvo, segmentorum marginibus posticis albidis, tibiis tarsisque ferrugineis. Long. 2-2f ; alar. 4-5 lin. Tawny. Antennae brownish, tawny at the base. Pectus testaceous. Wings slightly greyish, somewhat tawny in front, with a brown undulating subapical band, which does not extend to the hind border, and with a brown spot on the tip of the prcebrachial areolet and of the fork of the subapical vein. Halteres testaceous. Abdomen brown ; hind borders of the segments whitish; tips tawny. Legs ferruginous; coxa? and femora testaceous ; fore tibia? hardly longer that the fore metatarsi. Not common. (E.") 9. cinguhim? Meig. Zw. vi. 299. 34 (1830); Stann. Testacea, antennis fulvis, alls subfulvescentibus macula discali fasciaque subapicali fuscis, abdomine fulvo fasciis testaceis, femcribus posterioribus tarsisque apice fuscis. Long. 2| ; alar. 5 lin. Testaceous. Antenna? tawny, testaceous at the base. TTings icith a slight tawny tinge, which is most apparent in front, with a brown spot on the tip of the praebrachial areolet, and of the fork of the subapical vein, and at three-fourths of the length with a brown oblique band, which is in- terrupted between the subapical and subanal veins, and does not extend to the border. Abdomen tawny above, with the exception of the hind borders of the segments. Tarsi brownish towards the tips ; posterior femora with brown tips ; fore tibia? much longer than the fore meta- tarsi. Not common. (E. I.) 10. lunata, F. S. A. 58. 6 (1805); Meig.; Mcq. ; Zett.; Sta?g. ; 11. — arcuata, Meig. — signata, Meig. ; Staun. — distigma, Meig. Fulva, antennis nigricantibus basi fulvis, thoracis disco nigricante bivittato, alts subcinereis fusco bimaculatis, abdomine nigro marginibus posticis apice- que fulvis, pedibus testaceis, femoribus posticis apice tarsisque fuscis. Long. 11—2 ; alar. 3-4 lin. Tawny. Antenna? blackish, tawny towards the base. Disc of the 14 MYCETOPHILIDjE. thorax blackish, with two parallel tawny stripes. Things slightly grey- ish, with a tawny tinge in front ; a brown spot on the tip of the prce- bracJiial areolet and of the fork of the subapical vein, and another ad- joining the costa at three-fourths of the length ; veinlets of the prsebra- chial areolet forming a slightly obtuse angle ; the hind one twice the length of the fore one, and more than twice the length of the subapical vein before its fork ; subapical and subanal veins forked at an equal distance from the base of the wing ; anal vein not extending to the fork of the subanal. Abdomen black above ; hind borders of the seg- ments and tip tawny. Legs testaceous; tarsi brownish; tips of the hind femora brown ; fore tibiae a little longer than the fore metatarsi. Generally distributed. " The larva is gregarious in the grow- ing stems of hollow-stalked Agarics; and spins, for its trans- formation, a long pouch of white silk, with a flat circular lid." — Holiday. (E. S. I.) 11. fuscicornis, Meig. Zw. i. 261. 2 (1818); Zett. I. L. D. S. ; Stann. ; Staeg. — prccusta, Meig. ; Zett. I. L. Nigro-fusca, palpis tes- taceis, antennis basi fulvis, thorace antico fulvo maculis tribus nigro- fuscis, alls subcinereis fusco bimaculatis, ventre albo tomentoso, pedibus testaceis, femoribus tibiisque apice tarsisque fuscescentibus. Long, l-i— 2 ; alar. 3-4 lin. Blackish-brown. Palpi testaceous. Antenna? tawny at the base. Thorax tawny in front, with three blackish-brown spots ; the middle one in advance. Wings greyish, with two brown spots, the first on the tip of the pr&brachial areolet and of the fork of the subapical vein, the other at two-thirds of the length and adjoining the costa ; veinlets of the praebrachial areolet forming an obtuse angle, the hind one twice the length of the fore one, and more than twice the length of the subapical vein before its fork ; subanal vein forked at a little distance beyond the fork of the subapical ; anal vein not extending near to the fork of the subanal. Halteres whitish. Abdomen with white tomentum beneath. Legs testaceous ; tarsi brownish ; tips of the posterior femora and tibiae brown ; fore tibiae much longer than the fore metatarsi. Not rare. (E.) 12. lineola, Meig. Zw. i. 262. 4 (1818) ; Stann.— ruficollis, Meg. ; Meig. ; Mcq. ; Zett. ; Es. — centralis, Meig. ; Staeg. — lurida ? Meig. Nigro-fusca, abdominis marginibus pedibusque testaceis, capite antennis- que basi fulvis, palpis halteribus thorace vittis duabus fulvis, alls sub- cinereis, macula discali fusca. Long. l-J-2; alar. 3-4 lin. Blackish-brown. Head tawny. Palpi testaceous. Antennae tawny at the base. Thorax on each side with a tawny stripe, which is dilated in front. Wings greyish, with a brown spot on the tip of the prabrachial areolet and of the fork of the subapical vein ; veinlets of the praebra- chial areolet forming a nearly right angle, the hind one less than twice the length of the fore one, which is hardly shorter than the subapical vein before its fork; subanal vein forked at hardly beyond the fork of MYCETOPHTLA. 15 the subapical vein ; anal vein not extending to the fork of the subanal. Halteres testaceous. Abdomen with testaceous bands on the hind borders of the segments, clothed beneath with whitish tomentum. Legs testaceous ; tarsi darker than the tibiae ; fore tibiae much longer than the fore metatarsi. Common. (E. S. I.) 13. stolida, n. Nigro-fusca, antennis basi, palpis thoracis margi- nibus pectoreque fulvis, alls cinereis macula discali subfusca, halteribus testaceis, pedibus fulvis validis, femoribus posticis apice tarsisque nigri- cantibus. Long. If ; alar. 3£ h'n. Blackish-brown. Palpi tawny. Antennae not longer than the thorax, tawny at the base. Thorax clothed with pale down, tawny in front, on each side, and beneath. Wings grey ; transverse veinlets of the prce- bracMal areolet slightly clouded with brown; veinlets of the praebra- chial areolet forming an obtuse angle, the hind one longer than the fore one, and full twice the length of the subapical vein before its fork ; fork of the subanal vein further than the fork of the subapical from the base of the wing ; anal vein not extending near to the fork of the subanal. Halteres testaceous. Legs tawny., short, stout. Tarsi blackish ; hind femora with black tips ; fore tibiae longer than the fore metatarsi. Eare. (E.) 14. uninotata? Zett. D. S. xi. 4199. 20 (1852). Nigro-fusca, palpis testaceis, antennis basi thoraceque fulvis, alis subcinereis macula discali fusca, halteribus pedibusq&Q testaceis, tarsis fuscis. Long. 1£ ; alar. 2-^ lin. Blackish-brown. Palpi testaceous. Antennae tawny at the base. Thorax tawny. Wings greyish, with a brown spot on the tip of the pra- brachial areolet ; veinlets of the praebrachial areolet forming an obtuse angle ; the hind one less than twice the length of the fore one, which is fully as long as the subapical vein before its fork; subanal vein forked at beyond the fork of the subapical vein ; anal vein not ex- tending near to the fork of the subanal. Halteres testaceous. Legs testaceous ; tarsi brown ; fore tibiae a little longer than the fore metatarsi. Bare. (E.) 15. nigritula, n. Nigra, palpis testaceis, antennis basi thorace antico pedibusque fulvis, alis subcinereis macula discali fusca, halteribus testaceis, tarsis fuscescentibus. Long. 1-li ; alar. 2-2i lin. Black. Palpi testaceous. Antennae tawny at the base. Thorax tawny in front. Wings greyish, with a brown spot on the tip of the prae- brachial areolet, and of the fork of the subapical vein ; veinlets of the praibrachial areolet forming a very slightly obtuse angle, the fore one nearly as long as the hind one, and as long as the subapical vein before its fork ; subanal and subapical veins forked at about an equal distance from the base of the wing ; anal vein not extending near to the fork of 16 MYCETOPHILID^. the subanal vein. Halteres testaceous. Legs tawny, brownish; fore tibia? longer than the fore metatarsi. Not rare. (E.) 16. selecta, n. Nigra, antennis basi palpisque testaceis, halteribus albis, alis fuscescentibus, venis op time determinatis, pedibus fulvis. Long. 2 ; alar. 3^ lin. Black. Palpi testaceous. Antennae testaceous at the base. Halteres whitish. Wings brownish; veins strongly marked; veinlets of the pnebrachial areolet forming -a slightly obtuse angle, the hind one about twice the length of the fore one, and longer than the subapical vein before its fork ; fork of the subanal vein much nearer than the fork of the subapical to the base of the wing ; anal vein extending nearly to the border. Legs tawny, stout, not long ; spurs very long ; hind femora thickly armed with long spines ; fore tibice hardly longer than the fore metatarsi. Rare. In the British Museum. (E.) 17. striata, F. S. A. 58. 5 (1805).— punctata, Meig. ; Stann. ; Mcq. ; Streg. ; Us. ; Zett. D. S. — semicincta, Meig. — cunctans, Wied. ; Meig.; Mcq.; Zett. I. L. — trivialis? Meig.; Wiegm. — rufa? Mcq.; Meig. Fulva, thoracis disco maculis tribus ferrugineis, pectore halte- ribusque testaceis, alis subfulvescentibus, abdominis segmentis ferrugi- neo-fasciatis, tarsis fuscescentibus. Long. 2-2-| ; alar. 4-5 lin. Tawny. Disc of the thorax with three large ferruginous spots, the middle one in advance. Pectus testaceous. Wings with a tawny tinge ; veinlets of the praabrachial areolet forming a right angle, the fore one about half the length of the hind one, and nearly as long as the sub- apical vein before its fork; fork of the subanal vein a little nearer than the fork of the subapical to the base of the wing ; anal vein not extending to the fork of the subanal. Halteres testaceous. Abdomen with ferruginous bands. Tarsi brownish ; fore tibiae longer than the fore metatarsi. Common. (E. S. I.) 18. unicolor, Meig. Zw. vii. 43. 51 (1838). Ferruginea, antennis pedibusque concoloribus, alis pallide fulvis, tarsis fuscis. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin. Ferruginous, as are also the antennae and the legs. Wings pale tawny. Tarsi brown. " In this species particularly, the palpi are shorter and stouter, the exterior joints not linear nor increasing in length, but obovate or spatulate." — Ilatiday, MSS. Not rare. Has been found at Holy wood, near Belfast, and at Blarney, Cork. In Mr. Haliday's collection. (I.) This species is unknown to me, and I am not certain whether it belongs to the preceding group. The twenty-three following species form a group which is dis- MYCETOPHILA. 17 tiuguished from the preceding by the less robust body and legs, and comparatively few short arid slender spines of the hind tibiae. 19. maculosa, Meig. Zw. i. 268. 18 (1818); Zett. ; Sta3g. ; Es. Testacea, vertice, aiitennis, tlioracis vittis tribus abdomineque/m*^Vzm, hujus segmentis testaceo-fasciatis, peclibus gracilibus, tarsis fuscis. Long. 2-3 ; alar. 4-5 1 lin. Testaceous. Vertex ferruginous. Antenna ferruginous, testaceous at the base. Thorax with three ferruginous stripes, the middle one in advance, and divided longitudinally. Wings with a very slight tawny tinge ; veinlets of the prsebrachial areolet forming a slightly acute angle, the fore one much less than half the length of the hind one, and about half the length of the subapical vein before its fork ; anal vein extend- ing much beyond the fork of the subanal. Abdomen ferruginous ; hind borders of the segments testaceous. Legs long, slender; spurs long; tarsi brown ; hind tibias with very short spines ; fore tibice shorter than the fore metatarsi. Not rare. (E.) 20. sericea, Mcq. D. N. F. 95. 14 (1826).— sericoma, Meig. Ni- gricans, albido-tomentosa, palpis halteribus pedibusque testaceis, anten- nis basi thoracisque macidis duabus anticis fulvis, alis sublimpidis, pedibus longiusculis, tarsis fuscescentibus. Long. 1-1 -| ; alar. 2-3 lin. Blackish. Head and thorax with white tomentum. Palpi testaceous. Antennae rather longer than the thorax, tawny towards the base. TJwrax with a tawny spot on each side in front. Wings nearly limpid ; veinlets of the pra3brachial areolet forming a very slightly acute angle, the hind one full thrice the length of the fore one, and as long as the subapical vein before its fork ; anal vein extending some little distance beyond the fork of the subanal. Halteres testaceous. Abdomen with a tes- taceous spot on each side before the middle. Legs testaceous, rather long ; tarsi brownish ; spurs long ; hind tibiaB with very few spines ; fore tibice longer than the fore metatarsi. Common. (E. S. I.) 21. fasciata, Meig. Zw. i. 267. 16 (1815).— discoidea, Zett. D. S. — maculosa p., Zett. I. L. Ferruginea, subtus testacea, palpis, halteribus, abdominis fasciis apiceque testaceis, pedibus longis obscure testaceis, tarsis nigricantibus. Long. lf-2|- ; alar. 3-4 lin. Ferruginous, testaceous beneath. Palpi testaceous. Antenna brown- ish, testaceous at the base. Wings slightly greyish ; prsebrachial areolet closed by two veinlets, which form a right angle, the hind one full six times the length of the fore one, and about thrice the length of the subapical vein before its fork, its hind branch curved ; anal vein extend- ing far beyond the fork of the subanal. Halteres testaceous. Abdomen with four testaceous bands on the fore borders of the segments ; tip testaceous. Legs long, slender, darker testaceous; spurs long; tarsi blackish ; hind tibire with a few minute spurs ; fore tibice much shorter than the fore metatarsi. VOL. IV. D 18 MYCETOPHILIDjE. Var. )3. Thorax and abdomen blackish-brown ; fore part of the thorax ferruginous. Abdomen black towards the tip; its testaceous bands narrower above. Common. (E. S. I.) 22. tricolor, Mcq. D. i. 131. 14 (1834); Meig. ; Stasg. ; Zett. Fusca, palpis pectore halteribus pedibusque testaceis, antennis nigris, alis sublimpidis, tarsis fuscescentibus. Long. 1 ; alar. 2 lin. 'Brown. Palpi testaceous. Antennae black, stout, shorter than the thorax. Pectus testaceous. Wings nearly limpid ; veinlets of the prse- brachial areolet forming a right angle, the hind one about four times the length of the fore one, and a little shorter than the subapical vein before its fork ; anal vein extending much beyond the fork of the sub- anal. Halteres testaceous. Legs testaceous ; tarsi brownish ; hind tibia3 with a few spines, their spurs long ; fore tiUce full as long as the fore metatarsi. Not common. (E.) 23. discoidea, Meig. Zw. i. 263. 17 (1818); Mcq.; Staag. Ni- gra, subtus testacea, antennis nonnunquarn fuscis basi testaceis, alis limpidis aut subtestaceis, halteribus pedibusque testaceis, abdominis segmentis saspe testaceo fasciatis, tarsis fuscis. Long. li-l£ ; alar. 2-2£ lin. Blacky with hoary tomentum. Palpi testaceous. Antennas rather stout, not longer than the thorax, testaceous for one-third of the length from the base. Thorax with a slight testaceous spot on each side in front. Wings limpid; veinlets of the prasbrachial areolet forming a right angle, the hind one full thrice the length of the fore one, and as long as the subapical vein before its fork ; anal vein extending to the fork of the subanal. Halteres testaceous. Abdomen testaceous on each side, and beneath for two-thirds of the length from the base ; tip testa- ceous. Legs testaceous, rather stout ; tibia? darker than the femora ; spurs very long ; tarsi brown ; hind tibias with a few minute spines ; fore tibia much longer than the fore metatarsi. Var. /3. Testaceous. Head above and disc of the thorax greyish- black. Antennas brown, as long as the thorax, testaceous at the base. Wings with a very slight testaceous tinge. Abdomen greyish-black, testaceous beneath and along the hind borders of the segments. Not common. (E.) 24. sciarina, Meig. Zw. vi. 300. 40 (1830) ; Stann. ; Sta3g. ; Zett. Nigra, cinereo-subtomentosa, alis subcinereis apice obscnrioribus, halte- ribus pedibusque testaceis, tarsis fuscis. Long. 1|— 2 ; alar. 2f lin. Black, slightly covered with grey tomentum, darker at the tips. Palpi and antennas black, the latter twice the length of the thorax. Wings greyish ; radial and cubital veins very distinct ; subapical and subanal veins slight ; veinlets of the prsebrachial areolet forming an obtuse angle ; the hind one is full twice the length of the fore one, and a little shorter than the subapical vein before its fork ; anal vein MYCETOPHILA. 19 extending much beyond the fork of the subanal. Halteres testa- ceous. Legs testaceous ; spurs rather short ; tarsi brown ; hind tibiae with a few very short spines ; fore tibiae very much longer than the fore metatarsi. Not rare. (E.) 25. fenestralis, Hoffm. ; Meig. Zw. i. 265. 11 (1818); Stann. — rufa, Mcq. — domestica, Meig. ; Es. ; Zett. Nigra aut fusco-ferru- ginea, vertice albo-tomentoso, palpis, antennis basi, pectore thoracisque lateribus, halteribus, abdomiuis fasciis basalibus, ventre pedibusque tes- taceis, alis subcinereis, tarsis fuscis. Long, li; alar. 2-i lin. Black or brownish-ferruginous. Vertex with white tomentum. Palpi testaceous. Antenna? testaceous at the base. Pectus and sides of the thorax testaceous. Wings greyish ; praebrachial areolet closed by two veinlets, which form an acute angle ; the hind one nearly four times the length of the fore one, and a little longer than the subapical vein before its fork ; anal vein very short. Halteres testaceous. Abdomen testa- ceous beneath, and with testaceous bands for half the length from the base ; tip testaceous. Legs testaceous ; tibiae darker than the femora ; spurs rather short ; tarsi brown ; hind tibiae with very short spines ; fore tibite a little shorter than the fore metatarsi. Male. Antennae nearly twice the length of the thorax. Fern. Antennae hardly longer than the thorax. Common. (E. S. I.) 26. ornaticollis, Meg.; Meig. Zw. i. 269. 19 (1818); Mcq.; Staeg. ; E. ; Zett. — grata ? Meig. Testacea, albo-tomentosa, vertice an- tennis thoracisgue disco nif/ro-fuscis, alis subcinereis ad costam obsolete fulvescentibus, abdomine maculis dorsalibus trigonis nigro-fuscis, pedi- bus longiusculis, tarsis fuscescentibus. Long. 2^-3 ; alar. 4-4^- lin. Testaceous. Vertex of the head blackish-brown, with white tomentum. Antennae blackish-brown, testaceous at the base. Dorsal disc of the thorax blackish-brown ; sides with white tomentum. Wings slightly grey- ish, with an indistinct tawny tinge in front ; veinlets of the prsebra- chial areolet forming a slightly acute angle ; the hind one about thrice the length of the fore one, and nearly twice the length of the subapical vein before its fork ; anal vein extending to the fork of the subanal. Abdomen with a large triangular blackish-brown spot on each dorsal segment. Legs rather long ; spurs long ; tarsi brownish ; hind tibiae with moderately long spines ; fore tibia very much shorter than the fore metatarsi. Common. (E. S. I.) 27. sobria, n. Nigro-fusca, cano-subtomentosa, palpis, halteribus, abdominis fasciis pedibusque testaeeis, antennis basi thoracisque ma- culis duabus fulvis, alis subcinereis, femoribus apice basique fusco-ma- culatis, tarsis fuscescentibus. Long. ]f- 2; alar. 3-3^ lin. Blackish-brown, with slight hoary tomentum. Palpi testaceous. An- tennae tawny at the base. Thorax with a tawny spot on each side in 20 MYCETOPHILID^E. front. Wings greyish ; veinlets of the prsebrachial areolet forming a nearly right angle ; the hind one about thrice the length of the fore one, and as long as, or a little longer than the subapical vein before its fork ; anal vein not extending so far as the fork of the subanal. Halteres testaceous. Hind borders of the abdominal segments testaceous. Legs testaceous j femora with a brown spot on each end ; tibias darker than the femora ; spurs long ; tarsi brownish ; hind tibioe with short spines ; fore tibiae as long as the fore metatarsi. Not common. (E.) This species much resembles M.flavipes, but may be distinguished by its shorter hind tibiae. 28. conformis, n. Nigro-cmerea, palpis halteribus abdominisma- culis lateralibus pedibusque testaceis, alis lirapidis, femoribus tibiisque apice tarsisque nigris. Long, li ; alar. 2 lin. Male blackish-grey. Palpi testaceous. Antennae stout, very much longer than the thorax. Wings limpid ; veinlets of the prabrachial areolet forming an obtuse angle, the hind one about twice the length of the fore one, and nearly as long as the subapical vein before its fork. Halteres pale testaceous. Abdomen with testaceous spots on each side, except at the tip. Legs testaceous ; tarsi and tips of the femora and of the tibias black, stout ; hind tibia3 with rather short spurs and veiy minute spines ; fore tibiae longer than the fore metatarsi. Eare. (E.) 29. crassicornis, Stann. Observ. Spec. Mycetoph. 22. 20 (1831); — -punctipes, Stasg. ; Zett. — spinicoxa, Zett. Nigricans, albido-tomen- tosa, capite fulvo, palpis, antennis basi, thoracis vittis duabus, halteri- bus, venire pedibusque testaceis, alis subcinereis, tibiis tarsisque fuscis. Long. 2-21; alar. 3^-4 £ lin. Blackish. Head and thorax slightly covered with whitish tomentum. Head tawny. Palpi testaceous. Antenna testaceous at the base. Thorax on each side with a testaceous stripe, which is broadest in front. Wings slightly greyish ; veinlets of the prasbrachial areolet forming a slightly acute angle, the hind one about twice the length of the fore one, and longer than the subapical vein before its fork ; anal vein not quite extending to the fork of the subanal. Halteres testaceous. Abdomen testaceous beneath for two-thirds of the length from the base ; tip and hind borders of the segments also testaceous. Legs testaceous, rather long ; tibia3 and tarsi Drown ; spurs long ; hind tibia? with mo- derately long spines ; fore tibice much shorter than the fore metatarsi. Male. Antennas rather stout, a little longer than the thorax. Fern. An- tennae stout, lanceolate, a little shorter than the thorax. Not rare. (E. I.) 30. fuscula? Zett. I. L. 864. 8 (1840). Nigro-fusca, palpis, an- tennis basi, halteribus pedibusque testaceis, alis subcinereis, tarsis fus- cis. Long. 1-li ; alar. 1^-2 lin. Blackish-brown. Palpi testaceous. Antenna not longer than the thorax, testaceous at the base. Wings slightly greyish ; veinlets of the MYCETOPHILA. 21 prsebrachial areolet forming a hardly obtuse angle, the hind one nearly four times the length of the fore one, and as long as the subapical vein before its fork ; anal vein extending to the fork of the subanal. Halteres testaceous. Legs testaceous ; tarsi brown ; hind tibiae armed with short spines and with very long spurs ; fore tibia a little longer than the fore metatarsi. Not common. (E.) 31. terminalis, n. Nigra, pallido-tomentosa, palpis antennis basi pedibusque testaceis, alis subcinereis, halteribus albidis, tarsis fusces- centibus, femoribus posterioribus basi apiceque nigricantibus, tarsis fus- cescentibus. Long. 1| ; alar. 2| lin. Black) clothed with pale tomentum. Palpi testaceous. Antenna3 not larger than the thorax, testaceous at the base. Wings slightly greyish ; veinlets of the prsebrachial areolet forming an obtuse angle, the hind one nearly twice the length of the fore one, and a little shorter than the subapical vein before its fork ; anal vein not extending to the fork of the subanal. Halteres whitish. Legs testaceous ; tarsi brown- ish ; posterior femora blackish at the base and at the tips ; hind tibiae armed with short slender spines and with long spurs ; fore tibia fully as long as the fore metatarsi. Eare. (E.) 32. fin alis, n. Nigro-cinerea, palpis, antennis basi, halteribus, abdominis maculis trigonis lateralibus pedibusque testaceis, antennis nigris robustis thorace longioribus, alis sublimpidis, pedibus validis, femoribus tibiisque apice tarsisque uigris. Long. 1|; alar. 2 lin. Greyish-black. Palpi testaceous. Antennae black, stout, testaceous at the base, longer than the thorax. Wings nearly limpid ; veinlets of the prsebrachial areolet forming a very obtuse angle; the hind one much longer than the fore one, and about one-third of the length of the subapical vein before its fork ; anal vein not extending to the fork of the subanal. Halteres pale testaceous. Abdomen with lateral tri- angular testaceous spots. Legs stout, testaceous ; tarsi and tips of the femora and of the tibiae black ; hind tibiae with very minute spines and rather long spurs ; fore tibiae nearly twice the length of the fore metatarsi. Eare. (E.) This species may be said to connect Leia with Mycetophila. 33. longicornis, n. Mas, cinerea, vertice thoracisque lateribus albidis, antennis thorace duplo longioribus, alis subcinereis, abdominis maculis quatuor lateralibus apiceque testaceis, pedibus testaceis, tarsis nigricantibus. Long. 1-f-; alar. 2| lin. Male. Cinereous. Vertex and sides of the thorax whitish. Palpi testaceous. Antennae blackish, testaceous at the base, about twice the length of the thorax. Wings very slightly greyish; veinlets of the praebrachial areolet forming a slightly obtuse angle, the hind one nearly four times the length of the fore one, and nearly twice the length of MYCETOPHILID^. the subapical vein before its fork ; fork of the subapical vein as far from the base of the wing as the fork of the subaual ; anal vein ex- tending beyond the fork of the subanal. Abdomen long, slender; second and third segments with testaceous spots on each side ; tip tes- taceous. Legs testaceous, long, slender; tarsi blackish; hind tibiae with minute spines and long spurs ; fore tibiae a little shorter than the fore metatarsi. Bare. (E.) 34. indecisa, n. Testacea, antennis, thoracis disco aut vittis tribus ferrugineis, alis subcinereis, abdomine ferrugineo, segmentorum marginibus posticis testaceis. Long. 2|-; alar. 4. lin. Testaceous. Vertex ferruginous. Antenna brown, testaceous to- wards the base. Thorax with a ferruginous disc or with three con- fluent ferruginous stripes. Wings greyish ; veinlets of the praebrachial areolet forming a right angle, the hind one about five times the length of the fore one, and about twice the length of the subapical vein before its fork ; fork of the subapical vein a little nearer than the fork of the subanal to the base of the wing ; anal vein hardly reaching the fork of the subanal. Abdomen ferruginous ; hind borders of the segments testaceous. Legs long, slender ; trochanters and tarsi brown ; fore tibiae shorter than the fore metatarsi. Eare. In the British Museum. (E.) 35. fimgorum, Deg. Ins. vi. 361. 14. pi. 22. f. 1-13 (1783); Latr.— -fusca, Meig. ; Mcq. ; Zett. ; Staeg. ; Rs. Nigro-fusca, palpis, antennis basi, halteribus pedibusque testaceis, thoracis lateribus fulvis, alis subcinereis, tarsis fuscis. Long. 2-2-i- ; alar. 2^- 3£. Blackish-brown. Palpi testaceous. Antennae slender, not longer than the thorax, testaceous at the base. Thorax tawny on each side. Wings slightly greyish ; veinlets of the praebrachial areolet forming a slightly obtuse angle, the hind one about six times the length of the fore one, and about four times the length of the subapical vein before its fork ; anal vein not extending to the fork of the subanal. Halteres testaceous. Legs testaceous, slender; tarsi brown; hind tibiae with minute spines and very long spurs ; fore tibiae shorter than the fore Common. (E. S. I.) The larva feeds on Boletus luteus. 36. lateralis, Meig. Zw. i. 266. 13 (1818); Mcq.; Zett. I. L. ; Rs. — guttiventris, Meig. ; Stann. ; Staeg. ; Zett. JD. S. — seriata, Meig. Nigro-fusca aut ferruginea, subtus testacea, antenuis basi, thoracis late- ribus, halteribus, abdominis maculis later alibus trigonis, pedibusque testa- ceis, antennis fuscis, tarsis fuscescentibus. Long. 1^-lf ; alar. 2-3 lin. Blackish-brown or ferruginous, testaceous beneath. Antennae brown, not longer than the thorax, testaceous at the base. Thorax testaceous on each side. Wings very slightly greyish ; veinlets of the prsebrachial areolet forming a slightly acute angle, the hind one about eight times the length of the fore one, and full thrice the length of the subapical MYCETOPHILA. 23 vein before its fork ; anal vein not near extending to the fork of the subanal. Halteres testaceous. Abdomen with Jive triangular testaceous spots on each side, the second and the third each forming a land above. Legs testaceous, long, and slender ; spurs long ; tarsi brownish ; hind tibiae with short spines; fore tibiae a little shorter than the fore metatarsi. Common. (E. S. I.) 37. leptura, Meig. Zw. vi. 301. 42(1830); Stseg. ; Zett.— cin- gulata ? Meig. ; Mcq. Testacea, vertice thoracisque disco piceis, antennis tarsisque nigricantibus, alis subcinereis, abdomine maculis trigonis dor- salibus fuscis fasciaque subapicali nigra. Long. 2£ ; alar. 2|- lin. Testaceous. Vertex and disc of the thorax piceous. Antennas black- ish, testaceous at the base, longer than the thorax. Wings slightly greyish ; veinlets of the praebrachial areolet forming a slightly acute angle, the hind one more than four times the length of the fore one, and about twice the length of the subapical vein before its fork ; anal vein not extending near to the fork of the subanal. Abdomen rather long, with brown triangular dorsal spots, and with a broad black subapical band. Legs long, slender ; tarsi blackish ; hind tibiae with minute spines and rather long spurs ; fore tibia shorter than the fore metatarsi. Not rare. (E.) 38. semifusca, Meig. Zw. i. 267. 15 (1818). Nigra, cinereo-to- mentosa, palpis, halteribus pedibusque testaceis, antennis basi fulvis, thorace fulvo-bimaculato. alis subcinereis fusco-subnebulosis, femoribus posticis apice tarsisque fuscis. Long. li-l-| ; alar. 2-2^- lin. Black, with grey tomentum. Palpi testaceous. Antennas tawny at the base, not longer than the thorax. Thorax with a tawny spot on each side in front. Wings slightly greyish, a little clouded with pale brown across the middle and at the tips ; veinlets of the prasbrachial areolet forming a slightly obtuse angle, the hind one more than twice the length of the fore one, and shorter than the subapical vein before its fork ; anal vein extending almost beyond the fork of the subanal. Halteres testaceous. Legs testaceous ; tibiae darker than the femora ; spurs long ; tarsi brown ; hind femora with brown tips ; hind tibiae with very minute spines ; fore tibiae longer than the fore metatarsi. Not common. (E.) 39. diagonalis, Hoffm.; Meig. Zw.i. 273. 29 (1818).— dorsalis, Staeg. ; Zett. Fulva, antennis nigris basi fulvis, thoracis vitta dorsali, abdominis marginibus posticis, femoribus posticis apice tarsisque fuscis, alis subcinereis, halteribus testaceis. Long. 1-i- ; alar. 3 lin. Tawny. Antennas black, tawny at the base. Thorax with a broad brown dorsal stripe. Wings slightly greyish ; veinlets of the praebrachial areolet forming a right angle, the hind one nearly four times the length of the fore one, and much longer than the subapical vein before its fork ; anal vein not extending to the fork of the subanal. Halteres testaceous. Abdomen icith brown bands on the hind borders of the seg- 24 MYCETOPHILID^. ments ; tibiae darker than the femora ; tarsi and tips of the hind femora brown ; hind tibia? with rather long spurs and very minute spines ; fore tibiae much shorter than the fore metatarsi. Not common. (E.) 40. tarsata? Stseg. D. D. 264. 37 (1840); Zett. Nigra, palpis, antennis basi, thoracis lateribus anticis, pectore, halteribus pedibusque testaceis, alis cinerascentibus antice subtestaceis, pedibus validiusculis, femoribus tibiisque apice tarsisque fuscis. Long. 1 ; alar. 2 lin. Black. Palpi testaceous. Antennae testaceous at the base. Thorax on each side in front and pectus testaceous. Wings a little greyish, with a slight testaceous tinge in front ; veinlets of the praebrachial nreolet forming a slightly obtuse angle, the hind one full twice the length of the fore one, and nearly as long as the subapical vein before its fork ; anal vein extending indistinctly to the fork of the subanal. Halteres testaceous. Legs testaceous, rather stout ; tarsi and tips of the femora and of the tibiae brown ; hind tibiae with long spurs and minute spines ; fore tibiae a, little shorter than the fore metatarsi. Eare. (E.) 41. leioides, n. Pallide lutea, antennis nigris, alis subcinereis, ab- dominis fasciis basi apiceque nigris, tarsis fuscis. Long. 1^; alar. 3^ liu. Pale luteous, slightly pubescent. Palpi testaceous. Antennae black, testaceous towards the base, not longer than the thorax. Wings slightly greyish ; veinlets of the praebrachial areolet forming a hardly obtuse angle, the hind one full twice the length of the fore one, and as long as the subapical vein before its fork ; anal vein extending to the fork of the subanal. Halteres whitish. Abdomen with black bands above, wholly black at the base and towards the tip. Legs rather stout ; tarsi brown except towards the base ; hind tibiae with minute spines and rather long spurs ; fore tibiae not shorter than the fore metatarsi. Eare. (E.) The following additional species of this genus have been recorded as British : — 1. luctuosa, Meig. Zw. vi. 299. 35 (1830). 2. pusilla, Meig. Zw. vi. 300. 38 (1830). 3. lugens, Wu>d.y Meig. Zw. i. 269. 20 (1818). 4. analis, Meg., Meig. Zw. i. 269. 21 (1818). 5. flaviceps, Meig. Zw. i. 270. 22 (1818). 6. pallida, Stann. Observ. Spec. Mycetoph. (1831). 7. intersects, Hoff.t Meig. Zw. i. 271. 25 (1818). 8. flavipes, Mcq. Dipt. Nord. Fr. i. 36. 8. 9. pallidicornis, Mcq. Dipt. Nord. Fr. i. 36. 7. 10. pygmjea, Mcq. Dipt. Nord. Fr. i. 37. 10. CORDYLA. 25 Genus II. CORDYLA. CORDYLA, Meig. Zw. i. 274 (1818); Curt.; Zett. Mycetophila p.?, Curt. Pachypalpus, Mcq. ; Zett. Corpus angustum. Ocelli duo, rainuti. Palpi basi crassi. Antennae incrassata, breves. Alee angustae, breviusculse. Abdomen compres- sum. Pedes sat breves ; tibia vix spinosa. Body narrow. Ocelli two, minute, contiguous to the eyes. Palpi thick at the base, short. Antenna incrassated, short. Wings narrow, rather short. Abdomen compressed. Legs somewhat short ; tibia hardly spinose, armed with rather long spurs. This genus much resembles Mycetophila; the veins of the wings have the same structure, and the species have the same habits. The sexes differ both in the form of their antennse and the num- ber of joints, which also varies according to the species. 1. valida, n. Lutea, crassa, alis subcinereis, pedibus validis, cal- caribus sat longis, tarsis fuscescentibus. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin. Luteous, stout, compact. Antennse lanceolate, shorter than the thorax ; joints short, transverse. Wings greyish, rather short ; veins tawny ; radial vein ending at before two-thirds of the length, cubital ending at beyond five-sixths of the length ; veinlets of the prsebrachial areolet forming an almost right angle, the hind one about six times the length of the fore one, and nearly half the length of the subapical vein before its fork ; fork of the subanal vein very much nearer than the fork of the subapical to the base of the wing ; anal vein extending to the fork of the subanal. Legs stout; spurs moderately long; tarsi brownish ; hind tibiae with very minute spines. Eare. In the British Museum. (E.) 2. flaviceps? Staeg. D. D. 268. 2 (1840). Nigricans, palpis, an- tennis, thoracis limbo, pectore pedibusque fulvis, alis subcinereis, halteri- bus testaceis, tarsis nigris. Long. 1 ; alar. 2 lin. Blackish. Palpi and antennas tawny, the latter short, stout. Thorax tawny in front, on each side, and beneath. Wings very slightly greyish ; veinlets of the praebrachial areolet forming an obtuse angle, the hind one full twice the length of the fore one, and about half the length of the subapical vein before its fork ; fork of the subanal vein very much further than the fork of the subapical from the base of the wing ; anal vein extending nearly to the fork of the subanal. Halteres testaceous. Legs tawny, short, stout; spurs very long; tarsi black; hind tibiae with very minute spines ; fore tibiae much longer than the fore meta- tarsi. Eare. (E. I.) 3. fasciata? Meig. Zw. vi. 304. 3 (1830).— -fulveola, Hal.— cine- rea ? Zett. Nigro-fusca, cinereo-tomentosa, palpis, halteribus, abdominis fasciis femoribusque testaceis, antennis basi thoracisque maculis duabus VOL. IV. E 26 MYCETOPHILID^E. fulvis, alls subcinereis, pedibus fuscescentibus. Long, li-H lin ; alar. 2|-3 lin. Blackish-brown, with grey tomentum. Palpi testaceous. AntennaB incrassated, subfusiform, not more than half the length of the body, tawny at the base. Thorax with a tawny spot on each side in front. Wings greyish, very minutely pubescent ; veinlets of the pr^brachial areolet forming a slightly acute angle, the hind one much more than twice the length of the fore one, and much longer than the subapical vein before its fork ; fork of the subanal vein hardly nearer than the fork of the subapical to the base of the wing ; anal vein extending to the fork of the subanal. Halteres testaceous. Hind borders of the ab- dominal segments testaceous. Legs brownish, rather stout ; coxa3 and femora testaceous ; hind tibia? with long spurs and minute spines ; fore tibia3 a little longer than the fore tarsi. Not common. (E. I.) Genus III. AZANA, n. Mas. Caput parvum, thorace humilius. Palpi breves. Antennae validae, compacts, Jiliformes, 16-articulata3, thorace non longiores. Thorax convexus. Alee sat Iata3, mediocriter longas ; vena radialis costse di- midium attingens, cubitalis fere ad alae apicem producta, subapicalis et subanalis simplices, non bene determinates. Halteres longiusculi. Abdomen compressum, mediocriter longum. Male. Plead small, lower than the thorax. Palpi short. Antennae stout, compact, filiform, sixteen -jointed, not longer than the thorax. Thorax convex. TFings rather broad, of moderate length ; radial vein straight, ending at a little before half the length of the wing ; cubital straight, springing from the base of the wing, united by a little trans- verse veinlet with the radial at one-sixth of the length, ending at five- sixths of the length ; subapical vein and subanal vein simple, secondary. Halteres rather long. Abdomen compressed, of moderate length. This genus is also nearly allied to Mycetophila, but is suffi- ciently distinguished by the veins of its wings. 1. scatopsoides, n. Nigra, alis subcinereis, halteribus fulvis apice nigris, pedibus piceis. Long. 1 ; alar. 2 lin. Black. Wings greyish. Halteres tawny ; knobs black. Legs pi- ceous, stout, rather short ; hind tibiae with minute spines and rather long spurs ; fore tibiae much longer than the fore metatarsi. Rare. (E.) Genus IV. LEIA. LEIA, Meig. Zw. i. 253 (1818) ; Mcq. ; Curt. ; Zett. Mycetophila p., Meig. Kl. D. ; Zw. vii. ; Mcq. LEIA. 27 Corpus sat latum, sublineare, nonnunquam nitens. Ocelli tres, distincti. Oculi ovati. Palpi 4-articulati. Antennae filiformes, 16-articulataB, corporis dimidio non longiores ; vena subcostalis brevis, subapicalis furcata, subanalis ssepissime furcata. Abdomen depressum, non com- pressum, thorace duplo longius. Pedes mediocriter longi ; tibiae pos- ticse spinosa3. Body moderately broad, nearly linear. Ocelli three, distinct. Eyes oval. Lip broad, somewhat bilobed. Palpi four-jointed; first joint globose ; third elongate-clavate ; fourth much longer, filiform. An- tennae sixteen-jointed, filiform, not more than half the length of the body. Thorax shining in some species. Wings rather narrow ; sub- costal vein slender, more or less short, joining the costal ; radial end- ing before two-thirds of the length, united near its tip with the costal by a very short transverse veinlet ; costal ending at a little in front of the tip ; subapical and subanal forked, the latter simple in one species ; anal distinct. Halteres rather short. Abdomen depressed, not com- pressed, about twice the length of the thorax. Legs of moderate length ; tibiae spurred, more or less spinose. The habits of this genus are nearly similar to those of Myceto- pkila, from which it may easily be distinguished by the shape of the abdomen. The species may be thus grouped : — a. Subanal vein forked. b. Tibiae with stout spines. Species 1-6. b b. Tibiae with short slender spines. c. Wings spotted. Species 7-8. c c. Wings not spotted. d. Face of the male with a spine. Species 9. d d. Face unarmed. e. Subapical and subanal veins strongly marked. /. Antenna incrassated. Species 12, 13. //. Antemia3 not incrassated. Species 10, 11, 14. e e. Subapical and subanal veins slight. Species 15, 16. a a. Subanal vein simple. Species 17. 1. fascipennis, Meg.; Meig. Zw. i. 255. 5 (1818); Mcq.; Zett.; Staeg. ; Ks. — fasciola, Meig. ; Us. ; Zett. — flavicornis, Meig. — conso- brina, Curt. — crucigera, Zett. I. L. Lutea, antennis fuscis, alis sub- testaceis fascia subapicali cinerea, tarsis fuscescentibus. Long. 2-2i- ; alar. 4-4| lin. Luteons, testaceous beneath. AntennaB brown, testaceous towards the base. Wings slightly testaceous, with a grey subapical band ; sub- costal vein rather short, united at some distance from its top to the cubital by a transverse veinlet ; radial united with the cubital at some little distance from its tip ; fork of the subanal vein much nearer than the base of the subapical to the base of the wing. Tarsi brownish. 28 MYCETOPHILID^l. Common, especially on the oak and on the lime-tree. (E. S. I.) 2. pulchella, Curt.! B. E. 645 (1837). Ochracea, antennis fus- cis, alls flavescentibus, macula costali apicali fusca, abdomine maculis fasciisgue nigris, femoribus posterioribus apice tarsisque nigricantibus. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin. Bright oclireous, shining, finely pubescent. Vertex with a black spot. Antennas brown, oclireous at tbe base. Metathorax with a brown spot. Wings yellowish, with a long brown mark at the apex of the costa ; first and second abdominal segments with a black spot on each ; third, fourth, and fifth with a black ring on the margin; sixth and seventh glossy black. Tarsi and tips of the hinder femora blackish ; tibias brownish-ochre. Eare ; has been found by Mr. Curtis and Mr. Haliday on Urn- belli/era, near Killarney. (I.) In the collections of Mr. Curtis and Mr. Haliday. 3. octomaculata, Curt. B. E. 645 (1837). Ochracea, vertice an- tennisque fuscis, thoracis vittis tribus scutelloque nigris, alis fascia fusca arcuata subapicali, abdomine nigro maculis octo lateralibus ochraceis, femoribus posterioribus apice tarsisque nigris. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin. Oclireous. Vertex brown. Antennas brown, oclireous at the base. Thorax with three black united stripes not reaching the front. Scutellum and abdomen black. Wings with a lunate brown spot near the apex. Second, third, fourth andffth abdominal segments with an oclireous trigo- nate spot on each side of the base. Tarsi and tips of hinder femora black ; tibias dull oclireous. Eare. In Mr. Curtis' s collection. (E.) 4. fumosa, n. Nigra, capite subtus, palpis, pectore, thoracis mar- ginibus vittaque dorsali testaceis, alis fuscis, halteribus coxis femori- busque testaceis, abdomine piceo. Long. 2£ ; alar. 4 lin. Black. Head beneath, palpi, pectus and borders of the thorax tes- taceous. Thorax with a testaceous dorsal stripe. Wings brown ; veins black ; subcostal vein about one-third of the length of the wing, united near its tip to the radial by a transverse veinlet ; radial united to the cubital at some distance from its base; fork of the subanal much nearer than the base of the subapical to the base of the wing. Halteres testaceous. Abdomen piceous. Legs testaceous; tibias and tarsi black. Eare. In the British Museum. 5. bimaculata, Meig. Kl.; Zw. i. 72. 7 (1804); Mcq.; Stasg. ; Ks. ; Zett. Nigra, palpis, thoracis maculis duabus anticis, halteribus pedibusque testaceis, alis sublimpidis fascia subapicali fuscescente, ab- domine ferrugineo fasciis nigris, coxis femoribusque nigro-notatis, tarsis nigris. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin. Black. Palpi testaceous. Antennas stout, testaceous towards the base. Thorax with a large testaceous spot on each side in front. LEIA. 29 Things nearly limpid, slightly greyish along the hind border, and with a pale brownish subapical band; subcostal vein very short, united near its tip to the radial by a transverse veinlet ; radial vein united to the cubital rather near its tip ; fork of the subanal vein a little nearer than the base of the subapical to the base of the wing. Halteres tes- taceous. Abdomen ferruginous ; hind borders of the segments black. Legs testaceous ; a black mark on each coxa and femur ; tarsi black. Not common. (E. I.) 6. gilvipes, Hal. MSS. "Nigra, albido-hirta, antennis nigro-fuscis, alis obscure hyalinis immaculatis, vena mediastina abbreviata, tarsis fus- cescentibus. Long. H ; alar. 2| lin." — Hal. MSS. " Black, clothed with whitish hairs. Ocelli three, almost in a line. Palpi yellow. Antennae blackish-brown, rather thick; second joint with a long hair above. Wings obscurely hyaline, very finely pubes- cent; veins nearly like those of Sect. B b. Meig. Zw. i. pi. 9. f. 14; costal, subcostal, and cubito-radial veins brownish-ferruginous ; the rest slender, almost colourless ; cubital ending before the tip of the wing ; subcostal as long as three-fourths of the cubital ; connecting vein or radio-cubital vein upright, very short, opposite the middle of the sub- costal vein, nearer than usual to the base of the wing ; mediastinal vein straight, evanescent before the radio-cubital; praebrachial vein with a very short petiole and with long branches opposite the fork of the cubito-radial ; costal vein extending towards the tip of the wing, beyond the end of the subcostal, as in Tetragoneura, to which this species is nearly alike in habit, and, if I am not mistaken, a variety has the connecting veinlet doubled in one wing, and thus forming a very minute areolet. Legs rather short and thick ; tibiae darker than the femora ; posterior tibiae with a rather thick row of minute spines ; hind tibiae with a few stouter spines ; tarsi brownish." — Hal. MSS. Bare. In Mr. Haliday's collection. (I.) 7. Winthemii, Lelim. Diss. 39 (1822); Meig.; Mcq.; Zett. ; Staeg. ; lls. Testacea, antennis nigricantibus, thoracis vittis tribus ab- dominisque fasciis fuscis, alis limpidis interrupte trifasciatis, tarsis ni- gricantibus. Long. 2-|-2f ; alar. 5-5^- lin. Testaceous. Vertex ferruginous. Antennae blackish, testaceous towards the base. Thorax with three brown stripes, the middle one divided, the lateral pair short. Wings limpid, with three imperfect and interrupted and occasionally almost obsolete grey bands ; the first in the middle ; the second sometimes entire, at three-fourths of the length ; the third subapical; subcostal vein short, united near its tip to the radial by a transverse veinlet ; radial united to the cubital at some little distance from its tip ; fork of the subanal much nearer than the base of the subapical to the base of the wing. Abdomen with a black or brown band on the hind border of each segment. Tarsi blackish, ex- cept at the base ; tips of the hind femora generally blackish. Not rare in the autumn. (E.) 30 MYCETOPHILID^E. 8. trimaculata? Mcq. H. N. D. i. 132. 18 (l&3I).—picta? Meig. "Lutea, antennis fuscis, thorace vittis duabus nigricantibus, alls hyali- nis, maculis duabus et fascia ante apicem fuscis, abdomine fasciis dor- salibus fuscis, femoribus posticis apice summo tarsisque fuscis. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin."— Hal. MSS. "It may possibly be a variety of L.fasciola, Meig., as Zetterstedt mentions the brownish cloud upon the second forked vein (but not the middle spot in the anterior fork). " Luteous. Vertex and front brownish -cinereous, clothed with long pale decumbent hairs. Ocelli three, in a line, the outer two near the eyes. Palpi pale, almost reaching the tips of the coxse; the apical joints longer and more slender. Antenna brown towards the base, beneath with the whole of the first and second joints ferruginous. Thorax slightly shining, clothed with pale hairs, and having two abbre- viated dorsal blackish stripes. Wings hyaline, with a sinuated, brown, subapical band, which is broader in front; a brown spot extending between the prasbrachial vein and the median transverse veinlet into the fork of the praebrachial vein ; subanal vein, or hind branch of the pobrachial vein, bordered with brown ; veins arranged like those of L. Winthemi, but the origin of the cubital vein is further from the tip of the radial vein, the brachial areolet is narrower, and the fork of the praebrachial vein is a little shorter, but that of the pobrachial is much longer. Halteres pale. Abdomen yellowish-green (lutescent when dried), brown above, excepting a narrow band on the base of each seg- ment (or with six dorsal brown bands dilated in the middle). Legs pale yellow ; hind femora with brown tips ; tibia3 with yellowish spurs and with black spines ; tarsi brown, yellowish at the base ; fore tarsi thrice the length of the fore tibiae." — Hal. MSS. Rare. Pound in September at Holywood, near Belfast, and at Blarney, Cork. In Mr. Haliday's collection. (I.) 9. analis, Meig. Zw. i. 257. 9 (1818).— dubia, Meig. Kl. ; Zw.— nasuta, Hal. Mas et Fcem. Fusca, antennis basi pedibusque flavis, ab- domine albido-piloso, trochanteribus nigris. Long. 2-^-3 ; alar. 5-5^ lin. Male and Fern. Brown. Vertex with the three ocelli nearly in a line. Antennne yellow at the base. Wing-veins as in Mycetophila, Div. D. Meig. Zw. i. pi. 9. f. 21. Abdomen with whitish hairs. Legs yellow; trochanters black. Hale. Face armed with a deflected horn or spine. Not uncommon about rivulets at Holywood, near Belfast. In the collection of Mr. Haliday. (I.) 10. basalis, n. Atra, alis cinereis, halteribus testaceis, pedibus piceis, femoribus posticis extus testaceo-strigatis. Long. \\ ; alar. 3^ lin. Deep black. Wings grey, darkest towards their tips ; veins black ; subcostal vein short, united to the radial at its tip ; radial united to the cubital at a long distance from its tip ; fork of the subapical vein LEIA. 31 a little further than the fork of the subanal from the base of the wing. Halteres testaceous. Legs piceous ; hind femora with a testaceous streak on the outer side. Bare. (E.) 11. infera, n. Nigra, palpis halteribus pedibus abdominisque fas- ciis ventralibus testaceis, thorace vittis tribus cinereis, alis subcinereis, trochanteribus tarsisque nigricantibus. Long. If ; alar. 3£ lin. Black. Palpi testaceous. Thorax hairy, with three slight grey stripes. Wings greyish ; subcostal vein about one-third of the length of the wing, united by a transverse veinlet to the radial near its tip ; radial about three-fourths of the length of the wing, united to the cubital by a transverse veinlet, which is nearly opposite the tip of the subcostal; cubital joining the costal before the tip of the latter ; fork of the subanal a little nearer than the fork of the subapical to the base of the wing. Halteres testaceous. Abdomen beneath with testaceous bands on the hind borders of the first, second, and third seg- ments. Legs testaceous ; trochanters and tarsi blackish. Kare. (E.) 12. crassicornis, Curt. B. E. 645 (1837). Testacea, antennis luteis crassis, alis subcinereis ad costam subtestaceis, halteribus fuscis basi testaceis. Long. 1^- ; alar. 3 lin. Testaceous, linear, cylindrical. Antennae luteous, thick. Wings slightly greyish, with a testaceous tinge along two-thirds of the costa. Halteres brown, testaceous towards the base. Posterior tibiae with long spurs ; hind tibiae with very minute spines. Bare. In Mr. Curtis' s collection. (E.) 13. helvola, Hal. MSS. Mas et Fcem. "Testacea, haud nitida, subtilissime fusco-pubescens, fronte cinerascente, ocellis 3 in linea, alis flavido-hyalinis, halteribus albidis, tibiis vix subtilissime spinulosis, tarsis subfuscis. Long. If ; alar. 3^- lin. Testaceous, not shining, with fine brown pubescence ; front cinereous. Ocelli three, in a line. Antennae thick, compressed, wholly testaceous or ferruginous. Wings yellowish-hyaline ; subcostal vein rudimentary ; fork of the pobrachial vein much longer or nearer to the base of the wing than that of the prsebrachial vein ; cubital vein rather indistinct at its origin. Halteres whitisJi. Tibiae hardly spinulose, their spines black ; tarsi brownish. Male. Antennae a little shorter than the thorax. Fern. Antennae hardly half the length of the thorax ; joints coarctate, very short, hardly to be distinguished." — Hal. MSS. Very rare ; has been found at Holywood, near Belfast. In Mr. Haliday's collection. (I.) 14. parallela, n. Fulva, antennis thoracisope vittis tribus nigris, alis subcinereis, abdornine fusco fasciis testaceis, pedibus testaceis, tarsis fuscis. Long. If ; alar. 3^ lin. Tawny. Antennae black, a little longer than the thorax, tawny at 32 MYCETOPHILID.E. the base. Thorax with three black stripes, the middle one in advance of the others. Pectus testaceous. Wings greyish; veinlets of the prsebrachial areolet forming an obtuse angle, the hind one full twice the length of the fore one, and as long as the subapical vein before its fork ; fork of the subanal vein a little nearer than the fork of the sub- apical to the base of the wing ; anal vein extending beyond the fork of the subanal. Halteres testaceous. Abdomen brown, with a testaceous band on the hind border of each segment. Legs testaceous; tarsi brown ; hind tibias armed with minute spines and with long spurs. Eare. (E.) 15. pubescens, Walk. E. M. iv. 115 (1837). Nigra, cinereo-to- mentosa, palpis, halteribus pedibusque testaceis, alis limpidis apice subcinereis, tarsis apices versus nigricantibus. Long, li ; alar. 3 lin. Black, with hoary tomentum. Palpi testaceous. Antennae a little longer than the thorax. Wings limpid, with greyish tips ; subcostal vein short, united to the radial at its tip ; radial joining the costal at less than two-thirds of the length of the wing, united to the cubital by a transverse veinlet which is nearly opposite the fork of the sub- apical ; cubital united to the costal at some distance from the tip of the latter ; fork of the subanal a little nearer than the fork of the sub- apical to the base of the wing. Halteres testaceous. Legs testaceous ; tarsi blackish towards the tips. Not rare. (E.) 16. diversa, n. Nigra, palpis, halteribus, abdominis segmentorum marginibus posticis pedibusque testaceis, thoracis lateribus anticis sub- fulvis, alis subcinereis, tarsis fuscis. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin. Black. Palpi testaceous. Antennas testaceous at the base. Thorax slightly tawny on each side in front. Wings very slightly greyish; sub- costal vein joining the costal before one-third of the length of the wing, not united to the radial ; radial ending at about three-fourths of the length, joined to the cubital by a transverse veinlet which is nearly opposite the fork of the subapical ; cubital joining the costal at a short distance from the tip of the latter; fork of the subapical vein very much further than the fork of the subanal from the base of the wing ; anal vein not extending to the fork of the subanal. Halteres testa- ceous. Hind borders of the abdominal segments testaceous. Legs tes- taceous ; tarsi brown. Eare. (E.) 17. defecta, n. Mas, nigra, palpis, abdominis apice pedibusque testaceis, alis sublimpidis, halteribus testaceis apice nigris, trochanteribus nigro-variis, tarsis nigricantibus. Long. 1 ; alar. 2 lin. Male. Black. Palpi testaceous. Antennas submoniliform, a little longer than the thorax. Wings nearly limpid ; subcostal vein joining the costal at a little before one-third of the length of the wing, united by a little transverse veinlet with the radial at some distance from its tip ; radial joining the costal before two-thirds of the length, united BOLETINA. 33 with the cubital by a veinlet which is a little beyond the base of the subnpical vein ; cubital joining the costal near the tip of the latter ; subapical and subanal slight, the former forked near its base. Halteres testaceous, with black knobs. Abdomen testaceous at the tip. Legs testaceous ; trochanters partly black ; spurs long ; tarsi blackish, minutely setose beneath. Bare. (E.) Genus V. BOLETINA. BOLETINA, Stseg. D. D. (1840) ; Zett. MycetopkUa p., Meig. Leia p., Meig. LeptomorpJius p., Walk. Corpus gracile. Oculi ovati. Ocelli tres, intermedius minimus. Palpi arcuati, 4-articulati. Antenna? graciles, filiformes, subcompressa3, fere nudse, 16-articulatfe. Thorax brevis. ^/^satlatae; vena sub- costalis costce dimidium fere attingens, cubitalis e venulis transversis areolcR prtebrachialis orta. Abdomen longum, gracile, basim versus subcontractum. Pedes graciles. Body slender. Eyes oval. Ocelli 3, the middle one very small. Proboscis slightly elongated. Palpi curved, four-jointed. Antennae slender, filiform, slightly compressed, nearly bare, sixteen-jointed. Thorax short. Wings moderately broad ; costal vein ending at hardly in front of the tip of the wing ; subcostal nearly half tlie length of the wing ; radial ending at a little before five-sixths of the length; cubital joining the tip of the costal, springing from the angle formed by the transverse veinlets which close the praebrachial areolet ; subapical and subanal veins forked or simple; anal vein distinct. Halteres rather short. Abdomen long and slender^ somewhat straitened towards the base. Legs slender, rather long; tibiae beset by a few very minute bristles ; spurs moderately long. Male. Antennae about twice the length of the thorax. Abdomen cylindrical. Fern. Antennas hardly longer than the thorax. Abdomen subfusiibrm. The Boletina frequent woods, and in their habits much resemble the Mycetophila, but differ in their more slender structure, and in the greater length of the subcostal vein. Gnoriste is nearly allied to them, but is distinguished by the length of its proboscis. Synopsis of the species : — a. Subapical vein and subanal vein forked. b. Porks of the veins at an equal distance from the base of the wing. b b. Fork of the subanal vein nearer than the fork of the subapical to the base of the wing. Species 1-3. b b b. Pork of the subanal vein further than the fork of the subapical from the base of the wing. Species 4. a a. Subapical vein not forked. Species 5. a a a. Subapical vein and subanal vein not forked. VOL. IV. F 34 MYCETOPHILID.E. Of the last division there is but one species, which has as yet been found only in Denmark. It partly agrees with Azana in the structure of its wing-veins. The first division is also unknown in Britain. It comprises two European and one Greenland species. 1. dubia, Stseg. D. D. 235. 3 (1840); Zett. Cinereo-nigra, alis subcinereis, halteribus pedibusque testaceis, tarsis nigris. Long. 3-3-i- ; alar. 5-6 lin. Black. Antennae slender, a little longer than Hie thorax. Head and thorax slightly covered with grey tomentum. Wings very slightly greyish; veinlets of the prsebrachial areolet forming a hardly acute angle, the hind one almost four times the length of the fore one, and shorter than the subapical vein before its fork ; fork of the subanal vein nearer than the fork of the subapical to the base of the wing ; anal vein extending nearly to the fork of the subanal. Halteres tes- taceous. Abdomen long. Legs testaceous, long, slender ; tibia3 darker than the femora ; tarsi black ; hind tibia3 with rather long spurs and with short spines ; fore tibiae longer than the fore metatarsi. Not rare. (E.) 2. borealis? Zett. D. S. xi. 4160. 8 (l%W).—trivittata p., Zett. I. L. Ferruginea, vertice thoracisque disco cinereis, alis subcinereis, palpis fulvis, halteribus abdominisque marginibus posticis testaceis, tarsis nigricantibus. Long. 3i ; alar. 6 lin. Ferruginous. Vertex and disc of the thorax cinereous. Palpi tawny. Antenna black, hardly longer than the thorax. Wings slightly grey- ish ; radial and cubital veins distinct ; subapical and subanal veins se- condary ; veinlets of the praebrachial areolet forming an obtuse angle, the hind one twice the length of the fore one, and hardly one-fifth of the length of the subapical vein before its fork ; radial vein undulating ; fork of the subanal vein very much nearer than the fork of the subapical to the base of the wing ; anal vein extending far beyond the fork of the subanal, but not to the border. Halteres testaceous. Abdomen long, slender ; hind borders of the segments testaceous. Legs long, slender ; tarsi blackish ; hind tibiae with very short spines and moderately long spurs ; fore tibiae much shorter than the fore metatarsi. Bare. (E.) 3. plana, n. Nigra, palpis, halteribus pedibusque testaceis, tJiorace maculis duabus anticis fulvis, alis sublimpidis, femoribus basi nigris, tibiis fulvis, tarsis fuscis. Long. 2f ; alar. 5 lin. Black. Palpi testaceous. Antenna stout, much longer than the thorax. Thorax with a slight taivny spot on each side in front. Wings nearly limpid ; veinlets of the praebrachial areolet forming an obtuse angle, the hind one a little more than twice the length of the fore one, and a little longer than the subapical vein before its fork ; fork of the subanal vein a little nearer than the fork of the subapical to the base of the wing ; anal vein extending much beyond the fork of the subanal. SCIOPHILA. 35 Halteres testaceous. Legs testaceous ; femora black at the base ; tibiae tawny; tarsi brown; hind tibiae witli small spines and rather short spurs. Eare. (E.) 4. flava, Staeg. D. D. 237. 6 (1840); Zett. Testacea, antennis fuscescentibus, alis subtestaceis, abdomine nonnunquam nigro, tarsis fuscis. Long. 2i- 2-f ; alar. 4^-5^ lin. Testaceous, paler beneath. Antennae brownish, testaceous at the base. Wings slightly testaceous ; veinlets of the praebrachial areolet forming a right angle, the hind one about eight times the length of the fore one, and very much longer than the subapical vein before its fork ; fork of the subanal vein very much further than the fork of the sub- apical from the base of the wing ; anal vein extending nearly as far as the fork of the subanal. Abdomen occasionally more or less brown, or wholly black. Legs long, slender ; tibiae darker than the femora ; tarsi brown ; hind tibiae with minute spines and moderately long spurs ; fore tibiae as long as the fore metatarsi. Not rare. (E.) 5. nemoralis, Meig. Zw. i. 265. 12 (1818); Mcq.; Stasg.; Zett. — elongata, Curt. ; Walk. Nigra, palpis testaceis, thoracis maculis duabus anticis, halteribus pedibusque fulvis, alis subcinereis, tarsis ni- gricantibus. Long. 3-4 ; alar. 6-7 lin. Black. Body long, slender, shining. Palpi testaceous. Antennae tawny at the base. Thorax with a tawny spot on each side in front. Wings slightly greyish ; veinlets of the praebrachial areolet forming a slightly obtuse angle, the fore one as long as the hind one ; cubital vein slightly undulating ; subapical vein not forked, but accompanied by a secondary vein which ends at a little behind the tip of the wing; fork of the subanal vein and tip of the praebrachial areolet at an equal distance from the base of the wing ; anal vein extending to a short dis- tance from the border. Halteres tawriy. Legs tawny, long, slender ; tarsi blackish ; hind tibiae without spines. Not rare. (E.) Genus VI. SCIOPHILA. SCTOPHILA, Hoffmansegg; Meig. Zw. i. 245 (1818); Meig.; Curt.; Mcq. Platyura p., F. ; Meig. Kl. Atinduliim p., Latr. Corpus gracile, plerumque elongatum. Caput parvum. Oculi oblongi. Ocelli tres, intermedius minimus. Proboscis brevis. Palpi arcuati, 4-articulati. Antennae filiformes, compressae, 16-articulatae, corporis dimidio non longiores. Thorax brevis. Alee sat latae, areolis dua- bus cubitalibus. Body elongated, slender. Head small. Eyes oblong. Ocelli three, the middle one in front very small. Proboscis short. Palpi curved downward, four-jointed ; first and second joints short ; third longer ; 36 MYCETOPHILID^E. fourth twice as long, slender, flexible. Antennae filiform, compressed, sixteen-jointed, about half the length of the body, or rather shorter. Thorax short. Wings moderately broad ; subcostal vein slightly curved forward towards its tip, ending at very little beyond half the length, often united with the costal, connected by a transverse veinlet near its tip with the radial ; radial straight, ending at about seven-tenths of the length ; cubital springing from the radial at before the middle of the wing, near which it forms a hardly obtuse angle at its junction with the prsebrachial transverse, and is thence straight to the end, which is at the tip of the wing ; subapical forked at beyond the middle of the wing ; fore fork ending at some little distance behind the tip of the wing ; subanal forked at about one-third of the length of the wing, its forks straight ; anal ceasing at a short distance from the posterior mar- gin ; humeral veinlet very near the base ; areolets twelve — the hume- ral, the subcostal, the radial, the prasbrachial, the pobrachial, two cvM- tal, the subapical, two externo-medial, the anal, and the axillary ; radial and cubital veins each divided by a transverse veinlet ; posterior mar- gin forming a slight acute angle at full thrice the length of the humeral areolet from the base. Halteres rather short. Abdomen more than twice the length of the thorax, somewhat straitened towards the base. Legs long, slender ; coxse and femora slightly hairy ; tibiae slightly se- tose; spurs of moderate length. Male. Antennae about half the length of the body. Abdomen nearly cylindrical. Fern. Antenna) much less than half the length of the body. Abdomen elongate-fusiform. The Sciophilce frequent herbage and leaves of trees in shady woods, and in general appearance much resemble the Mycetophila. The two cubital areolets in their wings at once distinguish them from all the other genera of this Family, and the variations of the form of the first cubital areolet will serve to arrange them in the following groups : — a. Subcostal vein of moderate length. b. First cubital areolet thrice longer than broad. Species 1. b b. First cubital areolet nearly thrice longer than broad. Species 2. b b b. First cubital areolet more than twice longer than broad. Spe- cies 9, 12, 22. b b b b. First cubital areolet twice longer than broad. Species 5-7, 10, 18, 25. b b b b b. First cubital areolet nearly twice longer than broad. Spe- cies 3, 8, 21. b b b b b b. First cubital areolet much longer than broad. Species 4, 13-15. b b b b b b b. First cubital areolet a little longer than broad. Species 11, 16, 26. b b b b b b b b. First cubital areolet not longer than broad. Species 17, 19, 20. a a. Subcostal vein very short. Species 23, 24. 8CIOPHILA. 37 In the sixteen following species the fork of the subapical vein is much further than the fork of the subanal from the base of the wing. 1. tenuis, n. Fulva, palpis halteribus pedibusque testaceis, anten- nis thoracisque vittis tribus nigricantibus, alls subliinpidis. Long. 2-| ; alar. 4 liri. Tawny, slender. Vertex black. Palpi testaceous. Antennas black- ish, testaceous at the base. Thorax with three blackish stripes, the middle one extending to the fore border, the lateral pair short. Wings nearly limpid ; the transverse veinlet from the subcostal vein opposite the middle of the first cubital areolet, which has slightly acute fore an- gles, and slightly obtuse hind angles, the outer side slightly undulating. Halteres testaceous. Legs testaceous, long, very slender ; hind tibias with very minute spines and rather short spurs. Bare. (E.) 2. hyalinata? Meig. Zw. vi. 295. 15 (1830); Stseg.; Zett. Tes- tacea, vertice, thoracis disco antennisque nigris, alis subcinereis, abdo- mine fusco, segmentorum marginibus posticis testaceis, tarsis nigrican- tibus. Long. 2^-3 ; alar. 5^-6 lin. Testaceous. Vertex and disc of the thorax black. Antennas black, testaceous at the base. Wings greyish ; subcostal veinlet opposite the middle of the first cubital areolet ; the latter rather large, with slightly acute fore angles, and equally obtuse hind angles ; cubital vein curved. Abdomen brown; hind borders of the segments testaceous. Tibias darker than the femora ; tarsi blackish ; hind tibias with very miuute spines and rather short spurs. Not common. (E.) 3. margixiata, Meg. ; Meig. Zw. i. 249. 8 (1818) ; Stasg. ; Us. ; Zett. — unimaculata ? Mcq. Testacea, vertice, antennis, thoracisque vit- tis tribus nigris, alis subcinereis, areola cubitali prima obscura, abdomine nigro, fasciis testaceis, tarsis fuscis. Long. 2^-3 ; alar. 5-^- 6 lin. Testaceous. Vertex black. Antennae black, testaceous towards the base. Thorax with three black or brown stripes, the lateral pair short. Wings very slightly greyish ; transverse veinlet from the subcostal vein opposite the middle of the first cubital areolet, which is clouded and rather large; fore angles slightly acute, hind angles slightly obtuse. Abdomen black, with a testaceous band on the hind border of each segment. Tarsi brown ; hind tibiae with minute spines and moderately long spurs. Not rare. (E. I.) 4. fasciata, Fries; Zett. I. L. 858. 3 (1840); Stseg. Testacea, vertice, antennis thoracis(\\LQ vittis tribus nigris, alis subcinereis, abdo- mine nigro fasciis testaceis, tarsis fuscis. Long. 2-3 ; alar. 4^-6 lin. Testaceous. Vertex black. Antennas black, testaceous at the base. Thorax with three black stripes, the lateral pair short. Wings slightly 38 MYCETOPHILID^E. greyish; subcostal veinlet opposite the middle of the first cubital areolet, which is rather large, not clouded, with slightly acute fore an- gles, and slightly obtuse hind angles. Abdomen black, with a testa- ceous band on the hind border of each segment. Tarsi brown ; hind tibiae with minute spines and moderately long spurs. Common. (E.) 5. hilaris, n. Testacea, vertice, antennis, thoracis vittis tribus ab- dominisque fasciis nigris, alis sublimpidis, trochanteribus tarsisque ni- gricantibus. Long. 2^-3 ; alar. 5-6 lin. Testaceous. Vertex black. Antennas black, testaceous at the base. Thorax with three black stripes, the lateral pair shortened in front. Wings nearly limpid ; subcostal vein joining the costa ; its veinlet op- posite the middle of the first cubital areolet ; the latter is of moderate size, with slightly acute fore angles and equally obtuse hind angles. Abdominal segments with black bands. Trochanters and tarsi blackish ; hind tibiae with very minute spines and moderately long spurs. Much resembles S. marginata, but may be distinguished by the unclouded first cubital areolet. Not common. (E.) 6. congrua, n. Nigra, palpis fulvis, thoracis maculis duabus anti- cis scutello pectoreque ferrugineis, alis subcinereis, halteribus pedibusque testaceis, tarsis nigricantibus. Long. 2i ; alar. 4-1- lin. Black. Palpi tawny. Antennae ferruginous at the base. Thorax with a ferruginous spot on each side in front. Scutellum and pectus fer- ruginous. Wings greyish ; subcostal veinlet a little beyond the middle of the first cubital areolet; the latter of moderate size, not clouded, with slightly acute fore angles and equally obtuse hind angles. Hal- teres testaceous. Legs testaceous, long; tarsi blackish; hind tibiae with minute spines and moderately long spurs. Not common. (E.) 7. trivittata, Zett. I. L. 858. 2 (1840). Cinerea, subtus cana, palpis, thoracis maculis duabus anticis, halteribus, ventre pedibusque testaceis, alis subcinereis, tarsis nigricantibus. Long. 2^-; alar. 5 lin. Grey, hoary beneath. Vertex black. Palpi testaceous. Antennae black, testaceous at the base. Thorax with a testaceous spot on each side in front. Wings slightly greyish ; subcostal veinlet before the middle of the first cubital areolet, which is rather large, not clouded, rectangular on the apical side ; the fore basal angle slightly acute, the hind one slightly obtuse. Halteres testaceous. Abdomen testaceous beneath and along the hind borders of the segments on each side. Legs testaceous, long, slender ; tarsi blackish ; hind tibiae with minute spines and moderately long spurs. Not common ; appears in May. (E.) 8. annulata, Meig. Zw. i. 247. 4 (1818); ~R$.—annulata, var. b ? Staeg. — incisurata ? Zett. Testacea, antennis thoracisque fasciis tribus SCIOPHILA. 39 nigris, alls subcinereis, abdomine fusco, fasciis testaceis, tarsis fuscis. Long. l|-2 ; alar. 3-4 lin. Testaceous. Vertex brown. Antennae black, testaceous at the base, longer than the thorax in the male, shorter in the female. Thorax with three more or less broad brown or black stripes, the lateral pair occa- sionally short. Wings very slightly greyish ; subcostal veinlet beyond the middle of the first cubital areolet ; this is rather large. Abdomen brown, with a testaceous band on the hind border of each segment ; tarsi brown ; hind tibia3 with minute spines and moderately long spurs ; hind apical angle more obtuse than the basal one ; fore apical angle equally obtuse. Not rare. (E.) . 9. cingulata, Meig. Zw. i. 247. 5 (1818). Testacea, vertice, an- tennis, thoracis vittis tribus tarsisque fuscis, alis subcinereis, abdomine fusco fasciis testaceis. Long. 1|— 2 ; alar. 3-4 lin. Testaceous. Vertex brown. Antennas brown, testaceous at the base, a little longer than the thorax. Thorax with three brown stripes, the lateral pair short. Wings slightly greyish ; subcostal vein not joining the costal, its veinlet beyond the middle of the cubital areolet; the latter is rather large, with slightly acute fore angles and equally obtuse hind angles. Abdomen brown ; hind borders of tlie segments testaceous ; tarsi brown ; hind tibiae with very minute spines and moderately long spurs. Not rare. (E. I.) 10. fimbriata? Meig. Zw. i. 247. 3 (1818). Fulva, vertice, tho- racisque vittis tribus piceis, antennis tarsisque fuscis, alis subcinereis, halteribus pedibusque testaceis. Long. 2^- ; alar. 5 lin. Tawny. Vertex piceous. Antennae brown, testaceous towards the base. Thorax with three piceous stripes, the middle one in advance. Wings very slightly greyish ; the transverse veinlet from the subcostal vein opposite the middle of the first cubital areolet, which is rather longer than that of S. fasciata, with slightly acute fore angles and slightly obtuse hind angles. Halteres and legs testaceous, the latter long and slender, with very minute spines and rather short spurs ; tarsi brown. Bare. In the British Museum. (E.) 11. vitripennis, Meig. Zw. i. 251. 13 (1818); Mcq.; Es.— Nigra, antennis basi thoracisque lateribus anticis fulvis, alis limpidis, halteribus pedibusque testaceis, abdominis apice ferrugineo, tarsis fuscis. Long. 21; alar. 5 lin. Black. Antennas tawny at the base. Thorax tawny on each side in front. Wings limpid ; subapical and subanal veins pale. Halteres testaceous. Abdomen ferruginous at the tip. Legs testaceous ; tarsi brown. Rare. In the British Museum. (E. I.) 40 MICETOPHILID.fi. 12. ferruginea, Meig. Zw. i. 249. 9 (1818). Testacea, vertice, antennis thoracisque vittis tribus nigris, alis subcinereis, abdomine fasciis fuscis, tarsis fuscescentibus. Long. 1^-2 ; alar. 3-4 lin. Testaceous. Vertex black. Antennae black, testaceous at the base, not longer than the thorax in the female. Thorax with three black stripes, the lateral pair short. Wings very slightly greyish ; subcostal vein not joining the costal ; its veinlet a little beyond the middle of the first cubital areolet ; the latter is rather large, with slightly acute fore angles and slightly obtuse hind angles. Abdomen with a brown band on the hind border of each segment. Tarsi brownish; hind tibiae with minute spines and rather short spurs. Not common. (E.) 13. ruficollis? Zett. D. S. xi. 4121. 17 (1852). Testacea, an- tennis nigris, alis limpidis, abdominis suturis apiceque nigricantibus, tarsis fuscis. Long. 1-|— 2 ; alar. 3-4 lin. Testaceous. Antennae black, testaceous at the base. Wings limpid ; subcostal vein not joining the costal ; its veinlet before the middle of the first cubital areolet ; the latter is of moderate size, with acute fore angles and obtuse hind angles. Sutures and tip of the abdomen black- ish. Tarsi brown ; hind tibiae with minute spines and moderately long spurs. Not common. (E.) 14. punctata? Latr. G. C. iv. 261 (1810); Meig. Fulva, ver- tice nigro, palpis, halteribus pedibusque testaceis, antennis tarsisque nigricautibus, thoracis disco fusco, alis subcinereis. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin. Tawny. Vertex black. Palpi testaceous. Antennae blackish, tes- taceous at the base. Disc of the thorax dark brown. Wings greyish ; subcostal vein not joining the costal ; its veinlet beyond the middle of the first cubital areolet ; the latter is of moderate size, with the basal angles nearly rectangular, the fore apical angle acute, the hind apical angle obtuse. Halteres testaceous. Legs testaceous, rather stout ; tarsi blackish ; hind tibiae with minute spines and moderately long spurs. Rare. (E.) 15. trilineata? Zett. I. L. 859. 6 (1840), var. ? Testacea, ver- tice nigricante, antennis thoracis vittis tribus tarsisque fuscis, alis sub- limpidis, abdomine ferrugineo, trochanteribus fusco-notatis. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin. Var. ? — Testaceous. Vertex blackish. Antennae brown ; first, second, and third joints testaceous. Thorax with three remote brown stripes ; lateral pair short. Wings nearly limpid; subcostal vein not joining the costal ; its veinlet opposite the middle of the first cubital areolet ; the latter is of moderate size, with acute fore angles and obtuse hind angles. Abdomen pale ferruginous. Trochanters with a brown spot on each ; tarsi brown ; hind tibiae with minute spines and moderately long spurs. Not common. (E.) SCIOPHILA. 41 16. lutea, Mcq. D. i. 139. 10 (1826); Meig.; Staeg.; Zett.P Lutea, subtus testacea, vertice nigro, antennis fuscis, alis sublimpidis, abdomine fulvo, tarsis fuscescentibus. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin. Luteous, testaceous beneath. Vertex black. Antennae brown, tes- taceous at the base. Wings nearly limpid ; first cubital areolet very small ; basal fore angle and hind apical angle slightly acute ; the other two slightly obtuse. Abdomen tawny ; tarsi brownish. Not common. (E.) 17. rufilatera, Walk. E. M. iv. 115 (1837). Nigra, palpis, tJio- racis maculis duabus anticis, abdominis lateribus pedibusque fulvis, alls subcinereis, halteribus testaceis, tarsis fuscis. Long. If; alar. 3£ lin. Black. Palpi tawny. Antennae tawny at the base. Thorax with a tawny spot on each side in front. Wings slightly greyish ; the trans- verse veinlet from the subcostal vein nearer than the first cubital areolet to the base of the wing ; cubital areolet very small, almost square. Haltcres testaceous. Abdomen tawny on each side except towards the tip. Legs tawny ; tarsi brown ; hind tibia3 with minute spines and rather long spurs. Rare. In the British Museum. (E.) 18. hirta, Hoffin. ; Meig. Zw. i. 251. 12 (1818); Mcq.; Staeg.; Zett. — pilosida, Zett. I. L., var. — nitidicollis, Meig., var. ? Nigra, palpis, halteribus pedibusque testaceis, alis subcinereis, tarsis fuscis basi testaceis, femoribus posticis basi apiceque tibiisque posticis apice nigricantibus. Long. 1-^-2 ; alar. 3-4 lin. Black. Palpi testaceous. Antennae longer than the thorax. Wings greyish ; first cubital areolet of moderate size, about twice longer than broad, hardly widening outward, fore basal angle slightly acute, hind basal angle slightly obtuse ; apical angles almost right angles ; fork of the subapical vein much nearer than the fork of the subanal to the base of the wing. Halteres testaceous. Legs testaceous ; tarsi brown, tes- taceous at the base ; hind femora blackish at the base and at the tips ; hind tibiae with black tips. Not rare. (E.) 19. ochracea, Steph. MSS. Testacea, pubescens, robusta, anten- nis fuscis, alis limpidis, pedibus validis breviusculis, tibiis spinosis, tar- sis fuscescentibus. Long. 2-i ; alar. 5 lin. Testaceous, pubescent, rather stout. Antennae brown, testaceous at the base. Wings limpid ; subcostal veinlet before the first cubital areolet, the latter very small, with two basal right angles; the fore apical angle acute, and the hind apical angle obtuse ; fork of the sub- apical vein much nearer than the fork of the subanal to the base of the wing. Abdomen mostly tawny above. Legs rather short and stout ; tarsi brownish ; posterior tibiae thickly beset with stout spines. Bare. In the British Museum. (E.) VOL. IV. G 42 MYCETOPHILID^E. 20. nigra, Mcq. D. N. i. 44. 7 (1825); Meig.— subincana ? Curt. Nigra, hirta, alls sublimpidis, halteribus pedibusque testaceis, tarsis fuscescentibus. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin. Black, hairy. Antennas of the male a little longer than the thorax, of the female shorter. Wings nearly limpid ; first cubital areolet very small, almost square ; subapical vein before its fork very little longer than the first cubital areolet, forked much before the middle of the wing; subanal vein forked much beyond the middle of the wing. Halteres testaceous. Legs testaceous ; tarsi brownish. Not rare. (E.) 21. maura, n. Cinereo-nigra, palpis, halteribus pedibusque testa- ceis, alis sublimpidis, tarsis nigricantibus. Long. 2i; alar. 4 lin. Cinereous-black. Palpi testaceous. Wings nearly limpid ; subcos- tal vein not joining the costal, its veinlet a little before the middle of the first cubital areolet; the latter is of moderate size, with very slightly acute fore angles, and equally obtuse hind angles ; subapical vein forked at very little beyond half its length ; subanal forked opposite the first cubital areolet, and much nearer than the fork of the subapical to the base of the wing. Halteres and legs testaceous ; tarsi blackish ; hind tibiae with very minute spines and moderately long spurs. Not rare. (E.) 22. fenestella, Curt. B. E. 641 (1837). Nigra, alis subcinereis, halteribus pedibusque testaceis, femoribus tibiisque posticis apice tro- chanteribus tarsisque nigricantibus. Long. 1^ ; alar. 3 lin. Black. Antennas rather stout, a little less than half the length of the body in the male. Wing very slightly greyish ; subcostal vein ending at a little before the middle of the first cubital areolet, not con- nected with the radial ; radial joining the costal before three-fourths of the length ; cubital joining the costal at some little distance from the tip of the latter, which is a little in front of the tip of the wing ; first cubital areolet of moderate size, the fore basal angle slightly acute, the hind basal one slightly obtuse, the outer angles nearly rectangular; subapical vein forked at a little beyond the end of the first cubital areolet ; subanal forked at the base of the wing. Halteres testaceous. Legs testaceous, rather short and stout ; trochanters, tarsi and tips of the hind femora and of the hind tibiae blackish ; hind tibias with very minute spines and moderately long spurs. Not common. (E.) 23. compressa, n. Mas, cinereo-nigra, palpis, halteribus, coxis femoribusque testaceis, alis sublimpidis, abdomine subcompresso, pedi- bus validis breviusculis. Long. 1-^ ; alar. 3 lin. Male. Cinereous-black. Palpi testaceous. Antennas rather stout, testaceous at the base, rather less than half the length of the body. Wings nearly limpid ; subcostal vein rudimentary ; radial joining the costal before two-thirds of the length ; cubital joining the costal at some distance from the tip of the latter, which is very little in front of )NEURA. TETRAGON EURA. 43 the tip of the wing ; first cubital areolet very narrow, about thrice longer than broad ; subapical and subanal veins slight, pale, secondary ; fork of the former opposite the first cubital areolet ; fork of the latter nearer the base of the wing. Halteres testaceous. Abdomen slightly compressed. Legs blackish, rather short arid stout ; coxae and femora testaceous ; hind tibiae with very minute spines and moderately long spurs. Not common. (E.) 24. aiiena, n. Mas, cinereo-nigra, palpis, halteribus, abdominis lateribus ventreqiie basim versus, coxis femoribusque testaceis, alis subci- nereis, abomine subcompresso, femoribus posticis apice nigris. Long. 1-i ; alar. 2| lin. Male. Cinereous-black. Palpi testaceous. Antennae hardly longer than the thorax, testaceous at the base. Wings slightly greyish ; sub- costal vein very short, joining the costal before one-sixth of the length of the wing ; radial joining the costal before two-thirds of the length ; cubital ending at about five-sixths of the length ; first cubital areolet veiy narrow, full four times longer than broad ; subapical and subanal veins slight ; subapical vein forked opposite the end of the first cubital areolet ; subanal forked at the base of the wing. Halteres testaceous. Abdomen slightly compressed, testaceous beneath and on each side towards the base. Legs rather short and stout ; coxae and femora testaceous ; hind femora with black tips ; hind tibiae with very minute spines and rather long spurs. Eare. Eound in June, on the banks of the Wye, near Chep- stow. (E.) 25. pictipennis, Hal. A. N. H. 11 (1838). Testacea, fronte ver- ticeque subfuscis, antennis fuscis, alis hyalinis fasciis duabus fuscis, ab- domine fasciis nigris, tarsis fuscescentibus. Long. If ; alar. 3^ lin. Testaceous. Front and vertex brownish. Antennae brown, yellow at the base. Wings hyaline, with two brown bands ; one in the middle of the wing, extending beyond the areolet, and sinuated thence to the hind border ; the other subapical, extending to the tip of the radial vein. First and second abdominal segments unspotted; third and fourth black, with testaceous hind border ; fifth and sixth almost wholly black ; hypopygium testaceous. Tarsi brownish. Very rare. Has been found once in Kent. In Mr. Haliday's collection. (E.) 26. halterata, Staeg. D. D. (1840); Zett. D. S. xi. 4138. 34 (1852). Testacea, vertice fronte antennisque nigro-fuscis, alis fusco- venosis, vena pobrachiali integra, areola minutissima, abdomine fusees- cente. Long. 2-i ; alar. 4 lin. Testaceous. Vertex and front blackish-brown. Antennae blackish- brown, rather stout; first and second joints ferruginous. Thorax slightly shining, with pale hairs. Wings hyaline ; veins brown, rather 44 MYCETOPHILIDjE. stout; subcostal vein not extending much beyond the areolet, con- nected with the radial before the areolet, which is very small ; fork of the praebrachial vein with a very short petiole, almost sessile ; pobra- chial vein entire. Halteres with a blackish-brown knob. Abdomen brownish. Posterior tibiaj with short, but distinct little spines. The whole stature with the antennae and legs shorter than in S. rufa ; veins of the wings stouter, and differently arranged. Very rare. Has been found once in Tullymore Park, County Down. In Mr. Haliday's collection. (I.) Genus VII. TETRAGONEURA. TETRAGONEUEA, Winn. Ent. Zeit. Stett. vii. 18 (1846). Sciophila p., Meig. ; Curt. Mycetophila p., Meig. Corpus gracile, elongatum. Caput parvum. Oculi rotundi. Ocelli ires, lineam paullulum curvatam efficientes, intermedius paullo minor. Proboscis brevis. Palpi exserti, incurvi, 4-articulati. Antennae fili- formes, porrectae, subcompressse, 6-articulata3, corporis dimidio non longiores ; articulus primus cyathifonnis ; secundus cupuliformis ; tertius et sequentes cylindrici. Thorax ovatus. Alee obtusae, in- cumbentes, parallels, sat latae, areolis duabus cubit alibus. Abdo- men segmentis 7. Pedes longiusculi ; coxae elongate ; femora com- pressa; tibiis apice calcaratae, posticae spinosae. Mas. Abdomen cylindricum, forcipe brevi. Fcem. Abdomen subcompressum, acumi- natum. Body slender, elongated. Head small, round ; vertex broad. Eyes round. Ocelli three, forming a curved line on the front, the middle one rather smaller than the others. Proboscis short. Labium short, fleshy, bifid, and hairy in front. Palpi four-jointed, porrect, curved ; first joint very small; fourth long, filiform. Antennae sixteen-jointed, por- rect, curved ; first and second joints bristly ; first cyathiform ; second elongate, cyathiform ; third and following joints short, cylindrical. Thorax oval, convex. Scutellum small, obtuse behind, with long bristles. Wings almost oval, obtuse, incumbent, parallel, longer than the abdomen ; subcostal vein very short ; radial ending at much beyond half the length of the wing ; cubital ending at much before the tip of the wing ; subapical forked at beyond the middle of the wing ; fore fork ending at the tip of the wing ; subanal ending nearer the base of the wing ; anal not extending to the border of the wing ; two cubital areolets. Abdomen with seven segments. Legs rather long; coxae elongated ; femora compressed ; tibiae armed with spurs, the hind pair with lateral spines. Male. Abdomen cylindrical, with short forceps at the tip. Jem. Abdomen slightly compressed, acuminated. Tetragoneura is nearly allied to Sciophtia, but the two genera may be distinguished by the following characters, and by some TETRAGONEURA. 45 differences in the wing-veins. In Scwphila the head is almost conical ; the eyes are not quite circular, generally almost reniforin ; the ocelli form a very minute triangle, the middle one is very small, and the joints of the antennae are somewhat compressed. In Tetragoneura the head is round, flat above ; the eyes are circular ; the ocelli are of nearly equal size, and are disposed in a curved line ; and the joints of the antennae are cylindrical. 1. hirta, Winn. Ent. Zeit. Stett. vii. 19 (1846).— dissimilis, Zett. Mas et Fcem. nigra, proboscide, palpis et antennarum articulis primo et secundo Jiavis, thorace nigro-cinereo, alis hyalinis, vena subcostali in radiali exeunte ante areolam, furca venae pobrachialis props basim ala, coxis femoribusque albo-flavis, tibiis tarsisque fuscis ; Mas, abdomine nigro nitido, segmentis basalibus subtus flavis ; Fcem. abdomine flavo, vittei dorsali fasciisque nigris. Long. 1^; alar. 3 lin. Male and Fern. Black, clothed with whitish hairs. Proboscis and palpi yellow. First and second joints of the antenna yellow. Thorax blackish-grey, beset with long whitish-yellow bristles. Wings hyaline ; costal, radial, and cubital veins brown, the rest nearly colourless; sub- costal vein ending in the radial before its middle, at a distance before the areolet equal to the length of the latter; areolet oblong, almost longer than the last segment (following it) of the radial vein ; fork of the prsebrachial vein opposite the transverse cubital vein, or the apex of the areolet ; fork of the pobrachial retracted almost to the base of the wing. Halteres white. Coxa3 and femora whitish-yellow ; second joint of the coxas and hind femora with black tips, the latter with a black streak at the base on the under side ; tibiaB and tarsi brown. Male. Abdomen black, shining, clothed with whitish-yellow hairs ; first and second, and occasionally the third of the ventral segments yellow. Fern. Abdomen yellow ; segments with a black dorsal stripe and black bands ; sixth and seventh segments wholly black. Very rare. Has been found in Down, Ireland. In Mr. Holi- day's collection. (I.) 2. sylvatica, Curt.! B. E. xiv. pi. 641 (1837);— distincta, Winn. Nigra, proboscide, palpis et antennarum articulo secundo Jlavis, thorace nigro-cinereo, alis hyalinis, furca vena pobrachialis prope medium ala, vena subcostali obsoleta, coxis feraoribusque albo-flavis, tibiis tarsisque fuscis ; Mas, abdomiiie nigro nitido, segmentis basalibus subtus flavis ; Foem. abdomine nigro, ventre flavo. Long. 1-|- ; alar. 3 lin. Male and Fern. Black. Proboscis, palpi, and second joint of the antenna yellow. Thorax blackish-grey, beset with long whitish-yellow bristles. Wings obscurely hyaline ; veins towards the costa brownish- ferruginous ; subcostal vein obsolete ; areolet minute, oblong ; fork of the prrebrachial vein opposite to the praebrachial median transverse vein, or to the base of the areolet ; fork of the pobrachial rather nearer to the base of the wing ; its anterior branch equal to the common 46 MYCETOPHILID.E. petiole. Halteres white. Coxae and femora whitish-yellow; second joint of the coxae and hind femora with black tips, the latter with a black streak at the base on the under side ; tibiae and tarsi brown. Male. Abdomen black, shining, clothed with whitish-yellow hairs ; first and second, and occasionally the third, of the ventral segments yellow. Fern. Abdomen black, yellow beneath. Bare. (E. I.) 3. melanoceras, n. "Nigra, antennis tolls nigris, alls obscure hyalinis, vena subcostali in costali exeunte contra areolam, farca vence pobrachialis ante medium alee. Long. \\\ alar. 3 lin." "Black, slightly shining. Mouth and palpi yellowish. Antenna wholly black, filiform, longer than the thorax. Thorax slightly glisten- ing-cinereous, with some yellowish hairs. Wings obscurely hyaline ; veins brown ; the three anterior or costal veins stouter, blackish-brown except at the base ; subcostal vein complete, ending in the costa very little beyond the base of the areolet, which is elongated as in T. hirta, but slightly dilated at the tip ; median vein not longer than the areolet, and for the most part pale ; fork of the pobrachial vein opposite the base of the median vein, and therefore longer than the fork of the prce- brachial, but not so near to the base of the wing as in T. hirta. Halteres whitish. Abdomen elongated, with pale sutures. Legs yellow ; tips of the coxae of the hind femora and (more slightly) of the hind tibiae brownish ; tibiae darker than the femora, with pale yellow spurs ; fore tibiae bare, the posterior minutely spinulose ; tarsi almost brown ; fore tarsi not twice the length of the fore tibia3, dilated, and slightly com- pressed in the middle."— Hal. MSS. Yery rare. Has been found at Holywood, near Belfast. In Mr. Haliday's collection. (I.) " The subcostal vein running to the costal, and the length of the fork of the pobrachial, seem to afford the chief distinctive cha- racter of this species. I should remark that the subcostal vein running to the costal takes away one of the distinctive characters of Tetragoneura, as compared with Scwphila ; but the near ap- proach of the radial to the cubital, and consequent narrowness of the small areolet, and the cubital vein terminating some way before the tip of the wing, with the general resemblance to the other species of Tetragoneura, led me to place it in this genus." — Hal. MSS. Genus VIII. ASINDULUM. ASINDULTJM, Latr. H. N. Cr. et Ins. xiv. 290 (1804). Tipula p., F. Platyura p., Meig. ; Zett. Macrorrhyncha, Winn. Corpus elongatum. Oculi oblongi, intus emarginati. Ocelli tres, fron- LEPTOMORPHUS. 47 tales; intermedius anticus, minor. Proboscis elongata, sub pectore inflexa, profunde bifida, labiis elongatis. Palpi exserti, distincte 4- articulati. Antennae 17 -articulate, porrectse, subcompressee ; arti- culus primus eyathiformis ; secundus cupuliformis ; tertius et se- quentes cylindrici; septimus-decimus minimus. Thorax ellipticus, convexus. Scutellum parvum, semilunatum. Ala3 obtusas, pubes- centes, incumbentes, parallels. Abdomen cylindricum, segmentis 8. Pedes sat longi ; coxse elongate ; femora valida, nuda ; tibia3 apice calcaratae, posteriores lateribus spinulosse. Body long. Hea.d nearly oval, depressed in front. Vertex convex. Front broad. Eyes oblong, emarginated on the inner side. Ocelli three, the middle one in front, smaller than the other two. Mouth produced into a short rostrum. Proboscis very long, bent under the pec- tus, deeply bifid, with elongate lips. Palpi porrect, with four distinct joints ; first joint small ; second longer than the third ; fourth as long as the third. Antennae seventeen-jointed, porrect, curved ; first joint cyathiform; second elongate-cyathiform ; third and following joints cylindrical, pubescent, approximate ; seventeenth very small, nearly conical. Thorax elliptical, convex, Scutellum small, semilunate. Metathorax convex. Wings obtuse, minutely pubescent, parallel in repose ; subcostal vein very short ; radial ending at much beyond half the length of the wing; cubital forked, its fore fork ending much nearer to the radial vein than to the tip of the second fork, which ends at a little in front of the tip of the wing ; subapical forked near its base, its fore fork ending at a little behind the tip of the wing ; sub- anal forked much nearer to the base of the wing, its fore fork con- nected by a transverse veinlet with the cubital before the fork of the subapical ; anal and axillary veins short. Abdomen cylindrical, with eight segments. Legs rather long ; coxa3 elongated ; femora, especially the hind pair, stout, bare ; tibia? armed with spurs at the tips ; hind tibiae with minute lateral spines. Male. Abdomen cylindrical; tip obtuse, with small forceps. Fern. Abdomen subfusiform, acuminated at the tip. 1. flavrim, Winn. Ent. Zeit. Stett. vii. 17 (1846). Mas et Foem. flavum, proboscide, palpis antennisque fuscescentibus, thorace nigro- hirto, vittis tribus pallide flavo-fuscis, alis flavescentibus, halteribus pedibusque albidis, abdomine flavido, apice nigro, tibiis pallide fuscis, tarsis obscure fuscis ; Mas, abdominis segmentis intermediis fuscis ; Foem. abdominis segmentis intermediis nigro-marginatis. Long. 2-2-f- ; alar. 4-5 lin. Male and Fern. Yellow. Proboscis, palpi, and antennas brown. Thorax with three pale indistinct yellowish-brown stripes, clothed with black hairs. Wings yellowish. Halteres whitish. Legs whitish ; tibias pale brown ; tarsi dark brown. Male. Abdomen brown ; first and second segments yellow ; sixth, seventh, and eighth black. Fern. Abdomen dingy pale yellow ; third, fourth, and fifth segments with black sutures ; seventh and eighth black. 48 MYCETOPHILID^. Rare. June, Tullymore Park. The larva inhabits decayed wood. In the collection of Mr. Haliday. (I.) Genus IX. LEPTOMORPHUS. LEPTOMORPHUS, Curt. B. E. 365 (1831). Mas. Corpus gracile. Caput parvurn. Palpi capitis longitudine, 4- articulati. Oculi ovati. Ocelli duo, distincti. Antenna? filiformes, 16-articulata3, corporis dimidio breviores. Thorax brevissimus. Alee angustse; vena cubitalis non furcata ; subanalis furcata. Halteres breviusculi. Abdomen subcompressum, apicem versus subincrassa- tura, thorace quadruplo longior. Pedes longi, graciles ; tib'we spinis minimis calcaribusque longis. Male. Body slender. Head small. Palpi four-jointed, as long as the head ; fourth joint long and slender. Eyes oval. Ocelli two, dis- tinct. Antenna? filiform, sixteen-jointed, less than half the length of the body. Thorax very short. Wings narrow ; costal vein ending at very little in front of the tip of the wing ; subcostal ending at a little before half the length, connected near its tip with the radial by a very short transverse veinlet, which is very near another between the radial and the cubital ; radial ending at beyond five-sixths of the length ; cubital united with the tip of the costal, not forked ; fork of the sub- apical vein much beyond the fork of the subanal, which is nearty opposite the transverse veinlets ; anal vein extending a little beyond the fork of the subanal. Halteres rather short. Abdomen slightly compressed, rather thickened towards the tip, full four times the length of the thorax. Legs long, slender; tibiae with very minute spines and long spurs. 1. Walkeri, Curt. B. E. 365 (1831). Testaceus, antennis, tho- racis vittis tribus, abdoininis fasciis tarsisque fuscis, alis sublimpidis macula discali fusca apicibus cinereis. Long. 5 ; alar. 7 lin. Testaceous. Antennas brown, testaceous towards the base. Thorax with three brown stripes, which are united hindward. Wings nearly limpid, with grey tips and with a brown spot at the tip of the pra> brachial areolet. Abdomen brown towards the tip; hind borders of the segments brownish. Tarsi brown. Not common. (E.) Genus X. DIADOCIDIA. DIADOCIDIA, Euthe, Isis xi. 1210 (1831) ; Winn. Mycetobia p., Meig. Macroneura, Mcq. Sciara p., Zett. Corpus lineare, breviusculum, fere nudum. Caput rotundum, supra MYCETOBIA. 49 depressum. Fades pilosa. Oculi reniformes. Ocelli tres, fere aequales ; intermedius anticus, lateralibus vix minor. Palpi 4-articulati, gra- ciles. Antennae latiuscuke, fere cylindricaB, 1 7-articulatae, corporis dimidio non longiores ; articulus septimus-decimus minimus. Thorax subrotundus, corivexus. Scutellum parvum. Alee sat latse, pubes- centes ; vena subanalis simplex. Halteres breves. Abdomen cylin- dricum, segmentis 7, thorace multo longius. Pedes gracile*s, sat breves, subpubescentes ; femora valida ; tibia graciles, calcaratae, postica spinis nonnullis minimis. Body linear, nearly bare, rather short. Head round, flat above. Face pilose. Eyes reniform. Ocelli three, the middle one in front, hardly smaller than the others. Palpi four-jointed, slender. Antenna seven- teen-jointed, rather stout, almost cylindrical, not more than half the length of the body ; seventeenth joint very small. Thorax nearly round, convex. Scutellum small. Wings moderately broad, pubescent, parallel in repose ; subcostal vein ending at much less than half the length of the wing ; radial springing from the subcostal near its base, ending at a little in front of the tip of the wing ; cubital and subapical long, springing from an angular transverse veiulet, the latter forked at a little before half its length; subanal simple ; anal reaching the border. Halteres short. Abdomen much longer than the thorax, cylindrical, with seven segments. Legs rather short, slightly pubescent ; femora stout ; tibiaB slender, armed with spurs at the tips ; hind tibia with some slender and very short lateral spines. 1. ferruginosa, Meig. Zw. vi. 294 (1830) ; Winn.— favicans, Ruthe. — Wlnthemi, Mcq. — testacea, Zett. Tota ferruginea, aKs fulves- centibus, tarsis fuscis. Long. 1£ ; alar. 3 lin. Rare. Has been found by Mr. Haliday at Killarney. (I.) Genus XI MYCETOBIA. MYCETOBIA, Meig. Zw. i. 229 (1818); Mcq.; Winn. Corpus lineare, breviusculum, fere nudum. Caput rotundum, supra depressum. Oculi reniformes. Ocelli tres; intermedius anticus, parvus. Palpi 4-articulati. Antenna? latiuscula?, 17-articulatse, cor- poris dimidio non longiores ; articulus septimus-decimus minimus. Thorax fere ellipticus. Ala? sat latse ; vena subanalis fur cata. Hal- teres breves. Abdomen thorace multo longius. Pedes latiusculi, sat breves, subpubescentes ; tibia calcaribus minimis, non spinosa. Body linear, nearly bare, rather short. Head round, flat above. Eyes reniform. Ocelli three ; the middle one small, in front. Palpi four-jointed. Antennae stout, sixteen-joirited, rather less than half the length of the body. Thorax nearly elliptical. Wings moderately broad ; subcostal vein ending at a little beyond two-thirds of the length of the wing. Radial emerging from the subcostal at half the length of the VOL. IV. H 50 MYCETOPHILID^E. latter, forming an obtuse angle near its base, and after an inward curve, ending at about four-fifths of the length ; cubital proceeding from the angle of the radial, straight from thence to its end, which is a little in front of the tip of the wing ; subapical emerging from the pobrachial transverse veinlet, forked beyond half its length ; sub anal forked, form- ing the prasbrachial and the pobrachial ; anal and axillary incomplete ; humeral veinlet near the base. Areolets thirteen — the humeral, the radical, the subcostal, the radial, the prsebrachial, which is united to the pobrachial, the cubital, the subapical, three externo-medial, the anal, the axillary and the subaxillary one ; the three last are incomplete. Posterior margin forming a curve at beyond twice the length of the humeral areolet from the base. Halteres short. Abdomen much longer than the thorax. Legs rather short and stout, minutely pubes- cent; tibia without spines, their spurs very minute; tarsi not longer than the tibiae. The only British species of this genus lives in woods, and is less active than the other Mycetophilida. The larva feeds on fungi. 1. pallipes, Meig. ! Zw. i. 230. 1. pi. 8. f. 10 (1818); Mcq. ; Winn. Nigra, alis sublimpidis, halteribus pedibusque testaceis, abdo- mine piceo. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin. Black. Wings almost limpid. Halteres testaceous. Abdomen pi- ceous. Legs testaceous. Bare. Inhabits decayed trunks of trees. (E. I.) Genus XII. SCIARA. SCIATIA, Meig. Kl. Zw. vi. (1830); Zett.; Stseg. Tipula p., L. ; F. E. S.; Geoff.; Gmel. Chironomus p., F. Sciara p., Meig. Zw. i. P. Hirtea p., F. S. A. Molobrus, Latr. ; Mcq. Corpus parvum, sa3pissime nigrum. Caput parvurn. Proboscis pro- minula. Labium bilobum. Oculi emarginati. Ocelli tres, niedius minimus, antepositus. Palpi triarticulati, incurvi. Antennae 1 Q-ar- ticulatce, subfiliformes. Thorax subellipticus. Ala angustse, imma- culate; vena subcostalis brevis ; cubltalis et subanalis simplices ; sub- apicalis furcata. Halteres longiusculi. Abdomen elongatum. Pedes vix elongati; tibiae non spinosa, calcaribus bremusculis. Mas. An- tennas corpora vix breviores. Abdomen apice bilobum. Fcem. An- tennae corporis dimidio non longiores. Abdomen apice attenuatum. Body small, very generally black. Head small. Proboscis some- what prominent. Labium bilobed. Eyes emarginate. Ocelli three, the middle one in front, very small. Palpi three-jointed, curved down- ward. Antennce sixteen-jointed, nearly filiform. Thorax nearly ellipti- cal. Wings more or less narrow, blackish or limpid, not spotted ; sub- SCIARA. 51 costal vein little more than one-fourth of the length of the wing ; radial a little more than two-thirds of the length ; cubital simple, ending at a little in front of the tip ; subapical emerging from the cubital before one-third of the length, forked before two-thirds of the length ; sub- anal and anal diverging to the posterior margin ; subanal simple ; axil- lary and subaxillary rudimentary ; humeral veinlet very near the base. Areolets ten — the humeral, the subcostal and the radial, which are partly united, the praebrachial, the pobrachial, the cubital, the subapi- cal, one externo-medial, the anal, and the axillary. Posterior margin forming a slight acute angle at a little beyond the length of the humeral areolet from the base. Halteres rather long. Abdomen elongated, nearly linear. Legs slender, of moderate length ; COXBB rather large ; tibicB without spines, their spurs rather short. Male. Antennae nearly as long as the body. Abdomen bilobed at the tip. Fern. Antennas not more than half the length of the body. Abdomen attenuated at the tip. The larvae of this genus dwell in Boleti, fungi, putrescent galls, and beneath the bark of felled trees, and at the decayed roots of vegetables. The larva of S. vitripennis is exactly like that of Mycetophila fusca, but does not spin a cocoon ; the pupa differs in having two divergent caudal setse, and its head is cleft in front. Synopsis of the species : — «. Eadial vein extending beyond the fork of the subapical. b. Wings blackish. c. Sides of the abdomen luteous. Species 1. c c. Sides of the abdomen black. Species 2. b b. Wings grey. c. Legs piceous. Species 3. c c. Legs testaceous. Species 4, 5. b b. Wings nearly limpid. Species 6. a a. Eadial vein extending to the fork of the subapical. Species 7, 8. a a a. Eadial vein not extending to the fork of the subapical. b. Halteres piceous or brown. c. Wings brown. Species 9. c c. Wings grey. Species 10. c c c. Wings limpid, or nearly so. d. Subapical and subanal veins dark. Species 11, 12. d d. Subapical and subanal veins whitish. Species 13, 14. b b. Halteres testaceous, with blackish knobs. Species 15, 16. b b b. Halteres testaceous or whitish. c. Wings complete. d. Body black or brown. e. Subapical and subanal veins blackish. Species 17. e e. Subapical and subanal veins pale. /. Body rather slender. Species 18, 19. //. Body very slender. Species 20. d d. Body tawny. Species 21. 52 MYCETOPHILID^E. d d d. Body testaceous. Species 22, 23. c c. Wings imperfect. Species 24. 1. Thomse, L. S. N. ii. 976 (1767); F.j Gmel. ; Panz. ; Latr. ; Meig. ; Mcq. ; Gim. ; Stseg. ; Zett. ; Guer. — lateralis, Meg. ; Meig. Atra, antennis nigris, abdorainis lateribus luteo vittatis. Long. 3 ; alar. 6 lin. Deep black. Wings black ; radial vein extending beyond the fork of the subapical, and much beyond half the length of the wing. Ab- domen with a luteous stripe on each side. Common. For the habits of the larva, see Guerin (Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 2me Ser. iv. Bull, viii.), and other authors. (E. S. I.) 2. Morio, F.E.S.iv. 275.18(1792); Meig.; Mcq.; Zett.; Gim.; St&g.—Jlorileffa, Meig. Kl.—forcipata, F. ; Gmel. Nigra, alis nigri- cantibus, pedibus piceis. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin. Black. Wings blackish, darkest along the costa ; medial vein ending at much beyond the fork of the subapical, and much beyond half the length of the wing. Common. (E. S. I.) 3. fuscipes? Meig. Zw. i. 280. 5 (1818); Zett.; Gim.; StaBg. Nigra, alis cinereis, halteribus testaceis apice nigris, pedibus piceis, fe- moribus tibiisque anticis testaceis. Long. 1^ ; alar. 3 lin. Black. Wings dark grey ; radial vein extending beyond the fork of the subapical and much beyond half the length of the wing. Halteres testaceous, with blackish knobs. Legs piceous ; fore femora and fore tibia3 testaceous. Common. (E. S. I.) 4. brunnipes, Meig. Zw. i. 286. 25 (1818); Mcq.; Gim.; Ks. ; Zett. Picea, gracilis, capite antennisque nigris, thorace mttis tribus cinereis, alis cinereis, halteribus testaceis apice fuscescentibus, pedibus testaceis, tarsis nigricantibus. Long. 1^—2 ; alar. 3-4 lin. Piceous, slender. Head and antennae black, the latter slender, of moderate length. Thorax with three cinereous stripes. Wings grey ; veins blackish ; radial vein ending at very much beyond half the length of the wing, and a little beyond the fork of the subapical ; subapical and hinder veins distinct, the former pale before its fork. Halteres testaceous, with brownish tips. Legs testaceous, rather long; tibia3 darker than the femora ; tarsi blackish. Generally distributed. (E. S. T.) 5. nitidicollis, Meg.; Meig. Zw. i. 281. 8 (1818); Mcq.; Zett.; Sta3g. Nigra, thorace nitido, alis cinereis, haiteribus testaceis apice ni- gris, pedibus testaceis, tarsis nigricantibus. Long. 1-1^; alar. 2-3 lin. Black. Thorax shining. Wings grey ; veins blackish ; radial vein extending a little beyond half the length of the wing, and very little beyond the fork of the subapical. Halteres testaceous with black knobs. Legs testaceous ; trochanters and tarsi blackish. Not common. (E.) SCIARA. 53 6. caudata, Walk. C. D. B. M. i. 106 (1848). Nigra, nitens, alis sublimpidis, halteribus pedibusque testaceis, trochanteribus tarsisque nigricantibus ; Fcem. abdomine longissimo. Long. 3 ; alar. 4 lin. Fern. Black. Thorax shining. Wings nearly limpid; radial and cubital veins blackish, the others pale ; radial vein extending beyond half the length of the wing and a little beyond the fork of the sub- apical vein. Halteres and legs testaceous. Abdomen much elongated, about six times the length of the thorax. Trochanters and tarsi black- ish. Rare. In the British Museum. (E.) 7. pallipes, F. E. S. iv. 248. 69 (1792); Meig.; Gim. Nigra, alis sublimpidis, venis nigricantibus, halteribus pedibusque testaceis, trochanteribus tarsisque nigricantibus. Long. 1^-2; alar. 3-4 lin. Black. Wings nearly limpid ; veins blackish ; subapical vein pale before its flexure ; radial extending to the fork of the subapical, and much beyond the half of the length of the wing. Halteres and legs testaceous ; trochanters and tarsi blackish. Common. (E. I.) 8. hyalipennis, Meig. Zw. i. 285. 21 (1818); Gim.; Stseg. ; Zett. Picea, thorace vittis cinereis, alis sublimpidis, venis nigricanti- bus, halteribus pedibusque testaceis, tarsis nigricantibus. Long. 1 ; alar. 2 lin. Piceous. Thorax witJi cinereous stripes. Wings nearly limpid ; veins blackish ; subapical vein pale before its fork ; radial vein extending to the fork of the subapical, and beyond half the length of the wing. Halteres and legs testaceous ; tarsi blackish. Common. (E. S. I.) 9. prsecox, Meig. Zw. i. 279. 4 (1818); Mcq.; Staeg.; Zett. Nigra, alis fuscis, venis nigris, halteribus abdomine pedibusque piceis. Long. 1|; alar. 3^ lin. Black. Antenna3 rather short and stout. Wings brown; veins black; radial vein ending at beyond half the length and very little before the fork of the subapical ; subapical and subanal veins distinct. Halteres, abdomen and legs piceous. Legs rather stout. Common. (E. S. I.) 10. fuscipennis, Meig. Zw. i. 282. 11 (1818); Staag.; Zett. Nigra, alis cinereis, venis nigris, halteribus pedibusque piceis. Long. 1 ; alar. 2£ lin. Black. Antennas rather stout, pubescent. Wings grey ; veins black ; pra3brachial vein ending at about half the length of the wing, and a little before the fork of the subapical vein. Halteres and legs piceous. Not common. (E.) 11. vitripennis? Hoffoi. ; Meig. Zw. i. 281. 9 (1818); Mcq.; Gim. Nigra, gracilis, mediocris, alis sublimpidis, venis nigris, halteri- bus pedibusque fuscis, tarsis nigricantibus. Long. 1 ; alar. 2 lin. 54 MYCETOPHILID^E. Black, slender, of moderate size. Wings nearly limpid ; radial and cubital veins black, the other veins blackish ; radial vein not extending to half the length of the wing, and not near to the fork of the subapical ; subapical pale before its fork. Halteres and legs brown ; tarsi blackish. Common. (E. S. I.) 12. minima, Meig. Zw. i. 282. 14 (1818) ; Mcq. ; Gim. Nigra, minima, alis sublimpidis, venis nigricantibus, pedibus fuscescentibus, tarsis nigris. Long. 1£; alar. 1 lin. Black, very small. Wings nearly limpid; veins blackish; radial vein not extending to half the length of the wing, nor to the fork of the subapical vein. Legs brownish ; tarsi black. Not common. (E.) 13. scatopsoides, Meig. Zw. i. 282. 13 (1818) ; Zett. Nigra, alis limpidis, vena radiali ad costce medium terminata. Long. 1£ ; alar. 2j- lin. Black. Wings limpid; radial and cubital veins black, the rest whitish ; radial vein ending at about half tlie length of the wing and before the fork of the subapical. Not common. (E.) 14. fenestrata, Meig. Zw. i. 281. 10 (1818); Stseg. ; Zett. Ni- gra, alis sublimpidis, vena radiali costce medium non attingente, halteri- bus pedibusque piceis. Long. 1 ; alar. 2 lin. Black. Wings nearly limpid ; radial and cubital veins brown, the rest pale ; radial vein not extending to half the length of the wing, nor to the fork of the subapical. Halteres and legs piceous. Not rare. (E.) 15. fucata, Mcq.; Meig. Zw. i. 280. 6 (1818); Mcq.; Gim.; Sta3g. ; Zett. Picea, thorace vittis cinereis, alis cinereis, venis nigris, halteribus testaceis apice nigricantibus, pedibus testaceis, tarsis nigris. Long, li; alar. 3 lin. Piceous. Thorax with greyish stripes. Wings grey ; veins black ; radial vein ending at a little before half the length of the wing, and much before the fork of the subapical vein. Halteres testaceous, with blackish knobs. Legs dull, testaceous ; tarsi black. Common. (E. S. I.) 16. pulicaria, Hoffm. ; Meig. Zw. i. 282. 12 (1818); Mcq.; Zett. ; Gim. ; Sta3g. Nigra, alis sublimpidis, venis nigricantibus, hal- teribus testaceis apice nigricantibus, pedibus testaceis, tarsis nigrican- tibus. Long, f ; alar. 1£ lin. Black. Wings nearly limpid ; veins blackish ; subapical vein pale before its fork; radial vein ending at a little before half the length of the wing, and much before the fork of the subapical vein. Halteres testaceous, with blackish knobs. Legs testaceous ; tarsi blackish. Common; has been reared from putrescent galls. (E. S. I.) SCIARA. 55 17. longipes, Meig.Zw.i. 286. 24(1818); Mcq.; Gim.; Stseg. ; Zett. Nigra, thorace vittis cinereis, alls limpidis, venis nigricantibus, halteribus pedibusque testaceis, abdomine piceo, tarsis nigricantibus. Long, f-1 ; alar. 1^-2 lin. Black. Antennae of the male nearly as long as the body. Thorax with indistinct cinereous stripes. Wings limpid ; veins blackish ; radial vein ending at half the length of the wing, and a little before the fork of the subapical ; subapical and hinder veins distinct, the former paler before its fork. Halteres and legs testaceous. Abdomen piceous. Tarsi blackish. Common. (E. S. I.) 18. aprilina, Meig. Zw. i. 285. 22 (1818); Zett. ; Staeg. Nigra, alis limpidis, halteribus pedibusque testaceis, tarsis fuscescentibus. Long, f-1 ; alar. l|-2 lin. Black. Wings limpid ; radial and cubital veins brownish, the others pale ; radial vein not extending to half the length of the wing, nor to the fork of the subapical. Halteres. and legs testaceous ; tarsi brownish. Common. (E. S. I.) 19. pusilla, Meig. Zw. i. 286. 23 (1818); Gim.; Stajg. ; Zett. Nigra, alis limpidis, halteribus albidis, abdomine piceo, pedibus testaceis, tarsis fuscescentibus. Long f-1 ; alar. 1^-2 lin. Black. Wings limpid ; radial and cubital veins brownish ; the other veins pale ; radial vein ending much before half the length of the wing, not extending near to the fork of the subapical. Halteres whitish. Abdomen piceous. Legs testaceous ; tarsi brownish. Not rare. (E.) 20. gracilis, Walk. C. D. B. M. i. 109 (1848). Fusca, gracillima, capite nigro, alis sublimpidis, venis fuscescentibus, halteribus coxis fe- moribusque testaceis. Long, f-1 ; alar. l|—2 lin. Brown, very slender. Head black. Antennae very slender, a little shorter than the body. Wings nearly limpid ; veins brownish ; radial vein less than half the length of the wing, not extending to the fork of the subapical vein, the latter and the hinder veins are indistinct. Hal- teres, coxae, and femora testaceous. Frequents hothouses. (E.) 21. flavipes, Panz. Fn. iii. 15; Meig. (1818); Mcq.; Gim.; Staeg. ; Zett. Fulva, subtus testacea, anteunis nigris, alis sublimpidis, halteribus pedibusque testaceis, abdomine supra piceo, tarsis nigrican- tibus. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin. Tawny, testaceous beneath. Palpi testaceous. Antennae black, tes- taceous at the base. Wings nearly limpid ; veins blackish ; subapical vein pale before its fork ; radial vein extending to half the length of the body, not to the fork of the subapical. Halteres testaceous. Ab- domen piceous above. Legs testaceous, rather long; tarsi blackish. Common. (E. S. I.) 56 MYCETOPHILID^E. 22. pallida, n. Testacea, sat yracilis, capite antennisque nigris, alls limpidis, venis pallidis, tarsis nigricantibus. Long. % ; alar. 1 lin. Testaceous, rather slender. Head and antennas black. Wings lim- pid ; veins pale ; radial vein much shorter than half the length of the wing, and not extending near to the fork of the subapical. Tarsi blackish. Eare. (E.) 23. compressa, Walk. C. D. B. M. i. 110 (1848). Testacea, gracillima, capite antennisque nigris, alis limpidis, venis pallidis, tarsis fuscis; Fcem. abdomine elongate. Long. 1£; alar. 1^ lin. Testaceous, very slender. Head black. Antennas black, as long as the thorax. Wings limpid ; veins pale ; radial rather less than half the length of the wing, not extending to the fork of the subapical. Abdomen thrice the length of the thorax. Tarsi brown. Eare. In the British Museum. (E.) 24. brevipennis, Walk. C. D. B. M. i. 110 (1848). Testacea, capite antennisque nigris, alis minimis, abdominis segmentis nigro-fas- ciatis, tarsis fuscis. Long. -|; alar, f lin. Testaceous. Head and antennas black. Wings very short and narrow. Hind borders of the abdominal segments blackish. Tarsi brown. Eare. In the British Museum, and in the collection of Mr. Haliday. (E. I.) Genus XIII. EPIDAPUS. EPIDA PUS, Haliday, Ins. Brit. Dipt. i. 7 (1851). Cldonea p., Hal. Curt. Guide, 1164, b. Thorax e supra visus quasi conicus, postice valde compressus. Alte et Jialteres nulla. Abdomen apud medium incrassatum, apice attenuatum decurvum ; oviductus valvulis duabus ordinariis linearibus obtusis pubescentibus liberis. Thorax much compressed behind, so as to seem conical from above. Wings and Jialteres wholly obsolete. Abdomen incrassated in the middle ; tip attenuated, decurved, furnished with the ordinary two linear obtuse pubescent and free valves of the ovipositor. 1. venaticus, Hal. Curt. Guide, 1164 \ 1 (1837). Nigra, gracilis, pedibus testaceis. Long. £ lin. Black, slender. Legs testaceous. Eare. Holywood, near Belfast. In Mr. Haliday's collec- tion. (I.) LE9TREMIA. 57 Genus XIV. ZYGONEURA. ZYGONEURA, Meig. Zw. vi. 304 (1830); Mcq. ; Zett. Corpus parvum. Caput parvum. Proboscis prominula. Labium bi- lobum. Oculi reniformes. Ocelli tres, medius minimus, antepositus. Palpi triarticulati. Antennas IQ-articulatte, moniliformes. Thorax subellipticus. Alee immaculatas, venae cubitalis et subanalis simplices, vena3 subapicalis furcaB valde arcuatas. Pedes noil elongati; tibia spinis et calcaribus nullis. Mas. Antennae verticillato-pilosce, articulis petiolatis. Foem. Antennae pubescentes, articulis approximatis. Body small, black. Head small. Proboscis somewhat prominent. Labium bilobed. Eyes reniform. Ocelli three, the middle one in front, 'very small. Palpi three-jointed, curved downward. Antenna sixteen- jointed, moniliform. Thorax nearly elliptical. Wings rather narrow, unspotted ; costal vein ending at the tip of the wing ; subcostal vein rudimentary ; radial vein not extending to one-third of the length of the wing ; cubital simple, ending near the tip ; forks of the subapical vein much curved, especially the fore one ; subanal vein simple ; anal vein much curved downward. Halteres rather long. Abdomen moderately long. Legs not long ; coxa3 rather large ; tibia with no spines nor spurs. Male. Antennae verticillate-pilose ; joints petiolated. Fern. Antennas pu- bescent ; joints sessile. This genus resembles Cecidomyia in the structure of its anten- nae ; in other characters it is nearly allied to Sciara. 1. sciarina, Winthem ; Meig. Zw. vi. 305. 1 (1830) ; Mcq. ; Zett. Nigra, nitens, alis sublimpidis, venis nigricantibus, halteribus pedibusque testaceis, tarsis nigricantibus. Long. 1 ; alar. 2 lin. Black. Thorax shining. Wings nearly limpid; veins blackish; sub- apical vein pale before its fork. Halteres and legs testaceous ; tarsi blackish. Not common. (E. S.) Genus XV. LESTREMIA. LESTREMIA, Mcq. D. N. (1825); Meig. Zw. vi. ; Loew; Zett. Ti- pula p., F. E. S. Chironomus p., F. S. A. Sciara p., Meig. Zw. i. Diamesa, Meig. Zw. vi. in Tab. Corpus gracile. Oculi emarginati. Ocelli nulli. Palpi breves. An- tennae graciles, \§-articulatce. Thorax subellipticus. Aloe pubes- centes ; vena radialis brevis ; cubitalis et subanalis simplices ; subapi- calis furcata. Abdomen oblanceolatum. Pedes graciles, longiusculi, spinis calcarib usque nullis. Mas. Antenna: moniliformes, verticillato- pilosce, sat longse. Foem. Antenna3 submoniliformcs, pilosae, breves. Body slender. Palpi short. Eyes eniarginate. Ocelli none. An- VOL. IV. I 58 HOCETOPHILIDjfi. tennce slender, fifteen- jointed. Thorax nearly elliptical. Wings pubes- cent, moderately broad ; radial vein ending at one-third of the length of the wing, connected near its tip with the cubital by an oblique transverse veinlet ; cubital simple, ending at a little beyond three-fourths of the length ; subapical forked at some distance beyond the tip of the radial ; subanal simple ; anal distinct, curved towards the hind border. Abdomen oblanceolate. Halteres rather long. Legs slender, rather long, without spines or spurs. Male. Antenna moniliform, verticillate- pilose, moderately long, sixteen-jointed. Fern. Antennae submouiliform, pilose, rather short, eleven-jointed. Abdomen longer than that of the male. This genus connects the Mycetophitida with the following family, with which latter it agrees in the structure of its antennae, and of its legs, but resembles Sciara in the veins of the wings. 1. leucophsea, Meig. Zw. i. 288. 81 (1818); Mcq. ; Zett.— juni- perinus ? F. Capite antennisque nigris, al{s limpidis, venis pallidis, halteribus pedibusque testaceis; Mas, fusca; foem. testacea, tJioracis disco cinereo-fusco. Long. 1-li ; alar. 2-3 lin. Head and antenna? black. Wings limpid ; veins pale. Halteres and legs testaceous. Male. Body brown. Fern. Body testaceous; disc of the thorax greyish-brown. Not rare. (E. S. I.) Mr. Haliday has observed that it appears earlier in the year than the following species, and occurs chiefly in groves of larches. 2. cinerea, Mcq. H. N. D. i. (1830); Zett. Nigro-cinerea, an- tennis nigris, alls cinereis, femoribus tibiisque obscure testaceis, tarsis nigris. Long. 1^ ; alar. 3^ lin. Blackish-grey. Anteuna3 black. Wings grey. Femora and tibia3 dingy testaceous ; tarsi black. " Not very rare. Near Cork in September and October. On grass both in open places and on the borders of groves." — Hal, MSS. Genus XVI. CECIDOGONA. Lestremia (Subgen. Cecidogona), Loew, Ent. Zeit. Stett. v. 324 (1844). Corpus gracile. Oculi emarginati. Ocelli mdli. Palpi breves. An- tennae graciles, \\-articulatfB. Thorax subellipticus. Alee pubes- centes ; vena radialis brevis ; cubitalis et subanalis siinplices ; subapi- calis furcata. Abdomen oblanceolatum. Pedes graciles, longiusculi, spinis calcaribusque nullis ; metatarsi elongati. Mas. Antenua3 moniliformes, verticillato-pilosa?. Fcern. Antenna} submoniliformes, pilosa3, breves. CATOCHA. 59 Body slender. Eyes cmarginate. Ocelli none. Palpi short. An- tenna slender, eleven-jointed. Thorax nearly elliptical. Wings pubes- cent ; subcostal vein joining the costa at about four-fifths of the length of the wing; radial short; cubital simple ; subapical forked much be- yond the middle of the wing ; subanal simple ; anal complete. Abdo- men oblanceolate. Legs slender, rather long, with no spines or spurs ; metatarsi very long. Male. Antenna moniliform, verticillate-pilose. Fern. Antenna submoniliform, pilose, short. 1. carnea, Loew, Ent. Zeit. Stett. v. 324 (1844). Carnea, thorace superne articulisque flagelli antennarum fuscis, abdominis maculis qua- dratis pedibusque fuscescentibus. Long. 1 ; alar. 2 lin. Brown. Antennae black. Wings nearly limpid ; veins pale, black towards the costa. Halteres whitish. Legs testaceous ; tarsi brown. Fern. Abdomen testaceous beneath ; incisures testaceous. Rare. Not local. (E. S. I.) Genus XVII. CATOCHA. CATOCHA, Hal. E. M. i. 156 (1833). Macrostyla, Winn. Lestremia p., Zett. Mas et Fcem. Caput parvum, subrotundum. Frons lata. Oculi ro- tundi. Ocelli ires, frontales, magnates, in triangulum dispositi. An- tenna porrectas, moniliformes ; articulus primus cyathiformis ; se- cundus cupuliformis ; tertius et sequentes discreti. Thorax ovatus, convexus. Scutellum magnum, semilunatum. Ala lata^, obtusae, pubescentes, incumbentes, margine postico sat late ciliato ; vena cu- bitalis et subanalis simplices. Halteres magni. Abdomen segmentis 8, gracile, cylindricum, apice acuminatum. Pedes longi, pubescentes, spinis et calcaribus nullis. Mas. Antenna \$-articulata, articulis giobosis remotis pilosis. Fcem. Antenna breviores, \Q-articulata, articulis ovatis. Fern. Head small, nearly round. Front broad. Eyes lunate, nearly meeting above. Ocelli three, on the front, of unequal size, the middle one small, in advance of the others. Antennae porrect, moniliform ; first and second joints cyathiform ; third and tenth elongate, oval ; the rest oval. Thorax oval, convex. Scutellum large, semilunate. Wings broad, obtuse, pubescent, with a rather broad fringe on the hind border ; subcostal vein ending at about half the length of the wing ; cubital simple, ending at hardly in front of the tip, springing-near the base of the wing from an angle formed by two oblique veinlets ; subapical forked near its tip, its fore fork ending at very little behind the tip of the wing ; subanal and anal veins* extending to the border ; subanal simple. Halteres large. Abdomen with eight segments, slender, cylindrical, acuminated at the tip. Legs long, pubescent, with no spurs or spines. Male. Antenna 60 MYCETOPHILIDJE. sixteen-jointed, verticillate-pilose, about as long as the wings ; first and second joints contiguous, the rest disjoined by a petiole formed by the constricted apex of the joints (the last excepted). Palpi pendulous, not so long as the fore coxae, with three joints appearing externally, which are oblong-ovate, the last a little longer than the preceding. Abdomen with seven segments, and a forceps, the arms of which are thick, two-jointed ; the second joint not unguiculate, but slightly toothed. Fern. Antenna shorter, ten-jointed; third and tenth joints elongate-oval ; fourth and following joints oval. 1. latipes, Hal. E. M. i. 156 (1833)) Winn. Mas et Fcem. Ni- gra, antennis pallide fusco-flavis, basi nigris, thorace nitido, alis hya- linis, halteribus fuscis, abdomine sordide fusco-flavo, incisuris nigri- cantibus, pedibus pallide fusco-flavis ; Fcem. tarsorum articulis tertio, quarto, et quinto dilatatis. Long. 1 ; alar. 2 lin. Male and Fern. Black, pubescent. Antennas pale brownish-yellow, black at the base. Thorax shining. Wings limpid. Halteres brown. Abdomen dingy, brownish-yellow ; sutures black. Legs pale brownish- yellow. Fern. Third, fourth, and fifth joints of the tarsi dilated. In the recent insect the body is bluish-black, a little rufescent under the wings. "Rare. In the collection of Mr. Haliday. (I.) 2. brevinervis? Zett. D. S. x. 3770. 3 (1851). Obscure rufes- cens, antennis nigricantibus thorace brevioribus, abdomiue pallide rufo, pedibus pallidis. Long, f; alar. l£ lin. Dusky reddish. Abdomen brighter. Antennas blackish, shorter than the thorax. Legs pale. Mr. Haliday has forwarded to me this description of a speci- men (since lost), which he supposes to be identical with the above species. Cork. (I.) Genus XVIII. ANARETE. ANAKETE, Hal. E. M. i. 156 (1853). Lestremia p., Meig. Sciara p., Zett. Oculi emarginati. Ocelli tres. Antennae breves, $ -articulate, articulis duobus baseos majoribus. Alas incumbentes, nudas; vena costas medias inserta. Tibia ecalcaratce. Eyes emarginate. Ocelli three. Antennae short, with nine joints ; first and second joints thicker than the following. Wings incumbent, bare ; subcostal vein half the length of the wing ; cubital and subanal sim.ple. Tibia without spurs. 1. candidata, Hal E. M. i. 156 (1833).— albipennis, Meig.— coracina, Zett. Atra, alis niveis, pedibus pallidis, tibiis tarsisque pos- ticis albis. Long. 1 ; alar. 2 lin. CAMPYLOMYZA. 61 Glossy black, nearly as large as Lestremia lemophcea, from which it differs principally by the antennae ; the wings are alike in neuration. Wings pure white ; veins colourless, except the two subcostal, which are rosy in newly-disclosed specimens. Legs pale, much longer in the male than in the female ; hind tibiae and tarsi white. Rare. (E. I.) Genus XIX. CAMPYLOMYZA. CAMPYLOMYZA, Wied.; Meig. Zw. i. 101 (1818); Mcq.; Westw. ; Staeg. Cecidomyia p., Meig. Kl. Zw. Campylomyia, Zett. Porri- condyla ? Rondani. Corpus oblongum, parvum aut minimum, plerumque nigrum. Caput paryum. Oculi remoti. Ocelli tres. Proboscis brevis, arcuata. Palpi parvi, porrecti, arcuati. Antennae 11-20-articulatae, monili- formes, porrectae. Thorax ovatus. Alae mediocriter longae, sat latae ; vena costalis cum cubitali ad alee apicem terminata ; medias- tiualis obsoleta ; subcostalis alae dimidio paullo brevior ; venula ob- liqua transversa subcostalem et cubitalem connectens ; vena subapi- calis fere obsoleta ; subanalis distincta, analis angulata aut subobso- lete furcata. Halteres parvi. Abdomen segmentis 8. Pedes sat graciles, non elongati; metatarsus elongatus. Mas. Antennae mo- niliformes, corporis longitudine ; articuli globosi, remoti, pilosi. Abdomen lineare. Fcem. Antennae submonilifonnes, corpore multo breviores; articuli approximati, pubescentes. Abdomen lanceola- tum, valvulis duabus apicalibus. Body oblong, small, or very minute, generally black. Head small, sessile. Eyes remote. Ocelli three. Proboscis curved. Palpi small, porrect, curved. Antennae eleven- to twenty-jointed, moniliform, por- rect. Thorace oval. Wings moderately long, rather broad; cubital vein ending at the tip of the wing ; mediastinal obsolete ; subcostal less than half the length of the wing, connected near its tip with the cubi- tal by an oblique transverse veinlet ; cubital nearly straight, ending at the tip of the costal ; subapical almost obsolete ; subanal distinct, nearly straight ; anal forming with its second branch a slightly obtuse angle, its first branch nearly obsolete, contiguous to the anal vein. Halteres rather short. Abdomen with eight segments. Legs of mo- derate length and thickness ; joints of the tarsi from the first to the fourth successively decreasing in length. Male. Antennae moniliform, as long as the body ; joints globose, remote, pilose. Abdomen linear. Fetn. Antennae submoniliform, much shorter than the body ; joints ap- proximate, pubescent. Abdomen lanceolate, with two apical valves. The Campylomyza abound in hedges and woods, and are not uncommon on windows. In their habits they are allied to the Sciartz, as well as to the Cecidomyia. 02 MYCETOPHILIDJK. a. Wings grey. Species 1. a 0. Wings nearly limpid. b. Veins blackish. Species 2, 3. b b. Veins pale testaceous. Species 4. a a a. Wings white-hyaline. Species 5. 1. atra, Meig. Kl. Zw. i. 40. 4 (1803); StaBg. ; Zett. Nigra, alis cinereis nigro-pubescentibus, halteribus abdomine pedibusque piceis. Long. 1-2 ; alar. 3-4 lin. Black. Wings grey, with black pubescence ; veins black ; subcostal vein between the transverse veinlet and its tip rather more than twice the length of the subcostal vein. Halteres, abdomen, and legs piceous. Not rare. (E. S. I.) 2. flavipes, Meig. Zw. i. 102. 1 (1818).— pallipes? Zett. Nigra, alis sublimpidis, venis nigricantibus, halteribus pedibusque testaceis. Long, f-1 ; alar. 2-2^- lin. Black. Wings nearly limpid ; veins blackish ; subcostal vein between the transverse veinlet and its tip about thrice the length of the transverse veinlet. Halteres and legs testaceous. Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 3. bicolor, Wied. MSS. ; Meig. Zw. i. 102. 2 (1818); Mcq. ; Sta3g. ; Zett. Nigra, alis sublimpidis, venis nigricantibus, halteribus ab- dominis suturis pedibusque pallide testaceis, abdomine piceo. Long, i-f ; alar. 1-1^ lin. Black. Wings nearly limpid ; veins blackish ; subcostal vein between the transverse veiulet and its tip about four times the length of the transverse veinlet. Halteres, sutures of the abdomen and legs, pale tes- taceous. Abdomen piceous. Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 4. Aceris, Meig. Zw. i. 102. 4 (1818) ; Mcq.; Sta3g.; Zelt. Nigra, alis limpidis, venis, halteribus pedibusque pallide testaceis. Long, i-i ; alar. |--| lin. Black. Wings limpid ; veins, halteres, and legs pale testaceous. Not rare. (E.) 5. globifera, Hal. MSS. "Atra, opaca, alis albis, halteribus et pedibus fusco-flavidis, antennis 11-articulatis ; Mas, antennarum arti- culo secundo maximo subgloboso, flagello apice attenuate. Long. <^|-, ?£; alar. 1| lin. " Deep black, not glossy. Antenna3 scarcely as long as the thorax, eleven-jointed, fuscous ; first two joints black. In the male the second joint is very large, oblate-globose ; the interior joints of the flagellum subglobose, beset with a few long hairs, the exterior joints much more slender, so that the antenna might be described as moniliform-seta- ceous. In the female the joints of the flagellum are subovate-globose, but faintly pubescent, of nearly equal thickness (monib' form-linear). DITOMYIA. 63 Wings white-hyaline, the costal and two anterior veins light brown, the posterior veins colourless ; the oblique transverse veinlet is about as long as the apical portion of the first vein, which it intersects. Hal- teres and legs dingy yellowish. Abdomen long ; the posterior segments in the female not so much attenuated as usual ; the eighth and ninth largely exserted, dingy yellow ; the terminal tentacles more dusky, two- jointed ; the second joint smaller, orbiculate ; beneath them a compressed obtuse process nearly as long. The forceps of the male unguiculate." — Hal. MSS. On short grass at Holywood, etc. In Mr. Haliday's collec- tion. (I.) Genus XX. DITOMYIA. DITOMYIA, Winnertz, Exit. Zeit. Stett. vii. 14 (1846); Ruthe. Myce- tobia p., Meig. ; Stseg. ; Mcq. Symmerm, Walk. Corpus elongatum, gracile. Caput parvum. Oculi rotundi, hemi- spha3rici. Ocelli tres ; intermedius parvus, non antepositus. Palpi biarticulati ; articulus primus crassus, ovatus; secundus oblongus. Antennae 17 -articulates, compressee; articulus primus cyathiformis ; secundus transversus ; sequentes ovato-cylindrici. Thorax ovatus. Alee pilosce, mediocriter latas ; vena cubitalis furcaia. Halteres bre- ves. Abdomen segmentis 7. Pedes longi, graciles, tibiae spinis mi- nimis, calcaria mediocria. Mas. Abdomen lineare. Foem. Abdomen apicem versus subdilatatum. Body long, slender. Head small. Eyes round. Ocelli three, the middle one small, in a straight line with the others. Palpi with two joints ; the first thick, oval ; the second oblong. Antennaa seventeen- jointed, compressed ; first joint cyathiform ; second transverse ; the following ovate-cylindrical. Thorax oval. Wings pilose, moderately broad ; subcostal vein rudimentary ; radial ending at about four-fifths of the length ; cubital forked before the end of the radial, its fore fork rather long, ending at some distance beyond the radial ; hind fork end- ing at the tip of the wing ; subapical emerging from the cubital at be- fore the connection of the latter with the radial, forked at a little before one-third of its length ; externo-medial nearer to the subapical than to the subanal, which is curved hindward ; anal extending to the border. Halteres rather short. Abdomen long, slightly compressed. Legs long ; tibiae with very minute spines, armed at the tips with moderately long spurs. Male. Abdomen linear. Fern. Abdomen slightly widened towards the tip. This genus is nearly allied to Platyura ; the larvse feed on Boleti. 1. fasciata, Meig. Z\v. i. 230. 2 (1818). Flava, antennis fuscis basi flavis, thorace vittis tribus fuscis, alis subcinereis fasciis duabus 64 MYCETOPHILID^E. hyalinis, abdomine nigro-fusco, incisuris apiceque flavis, tarsis fuscis. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin. Yellow. Antennas brown, yellow at the base ; as long as the thorax. Thorax with three brown stripes, the lateral pair shortened in front. Wings greyish, with two hyaline bands. Abdomen blackish -brown ; sutures and tip yellow. Tarsi brown. Eare. " Inhabits decaying stumps bearing Boleti in copses." — Meig. In the collection of Mr. Clifton. (E.) 2. ferruginea, Walk. C. D. B. M. i. 88 (1848). Fulva, antennis abdominisque fasciis fuscis, alis subcinereis, pedibus testaceis. Long. 4 ; alar. 7 lin. Pale tawny. Antenna? brown, testaceous towards the base. Wings slightly greyish. Abdomen with a broad brown band on the hind bor- der of each segment. Legs testaceous ; femora paler than the tibia?. Eare. In the British Museum. (E.) 3. vittata, n. Testacea, antennis, thoracis fasciis tribus, abdomiuis vitta dorsali tarsisque fuscis, alis subciuereis. Long. 2i ; alar. 5 lin. Testaceous. Antenna? brown, testaceous at the base. Thorax with three brown stripes, the middle one in advance of the others, broadest in front. Wings very slightly greyish. Abdomen with a brown dorsal stripe. Tarsi brown. Eare. (E.) Genus XXI. PLATYURA. PLATYURA, Meig. Zw. i. 231 (1818) ; Curt. ; Mcq. ; Zett. Ceroplatusy., F. ; Latr. Rhagio p., F. Sciara p., F. Asindulum p., Latr. Cero- platus p., Zett. Corpus angustum, longum. Caput parvum. Proboscis brevis. Oculi rotundi. Ocelli tres, intermedius minimus. Palpi 4-articulati ; articulus quartus longus, linearis. Antennce 17-articulata?, breves, valida. Thorax brevis, subellipticus. Ala nudce, mediocriter lata? ; vena cubitalis furcata. Halteres breves. Abdomen depressum, tho- race triple longius. Pedes graciles, longiusculi ; tibice non spinosce ; calcaria brevia. Body narrow, long. Head small. Proboscis short. Eyes round. Ocelli three, the middle one very small. Palpi four-jointed ; first joint small ; second robust ; third large ; fourth long, linear. Antenna short, stout, seven teen -jointed, less than half the length of the body ; joints transverse. Thorax short, nearly elliptical. Wings bare, moderately broad ; subcostal vein slightly curved forward towards its tip, ending at very little beyond one-third of the length of the wing ; radial straight, ending at a little before two-thirds of the length ; cubital forked, con- nected with the radial at before one-third of the length, when it forms PLATYURA. 65 a curve near its junction with the prsebrachial transverse, and is very slightly curved from thence to its end, which is very little in front of the tip of the wing ; its fore fork is more or less oblique ; subapical emerging from the cubital at half the length of the wing, forked at one- third of its length from thence to its end, its fore fork ending at very little behind the tip of the wing ; subanal forked at one-third of the length of the wing, its hind fork curved hindward, and diverging much from the fore one ; anal extending to the hind border ; subaxillary not reaching the hind border ; humeral veinlet near the base ; areolets thir- teen,— the humeral, the radical, the subcostal, the radial, the probrachial, which is united to the pobrachial and shortened towards the tip, the two cubital, three externo-medial, the anal, the axillary, and the sub- axillary. Posterior margin forming a slight and very acute angle at twice the length of the humeral areolet from the base. Halteres short. Abdomen somewhat depressed, about thrice longer than the thorax. Legs rather long and slender ; tibia without spines, their spurs short. Male. Abdomen nearly linear and cylindrical. Fern. Abdomen elongate- obclavate or subfusiform. These flies are similar to the Mycetophila in their habits ; most of the species inhabit woods, and their larvae feed on fungi. The species may be grouped thus : — a. Pork of the cubital vein joining the radial. Species 1. a a. Fork of the cubital vein joining the costal. b. Fork of the cubital vein rather long. c. Fork of the cubital vein curved. Species 2-4. c c. Fork of the cubital vein straight. Species 5, 6. b b. Fork of the cubital vein short. c. Wings spotted. Species 7-10. c c. Wings not spotted. Species 11-14. 1. marginata, Meig. Zw. i. 232. 1 (1818); Mcq. Nigra, palpis pedibusque testaceis, alis subcinereis macula disculi marginibusque ob- scurioribus, halteribus tibiisque fulvis, tarsis fuscis ; Fcem. abdominis fasciis ferrugineis. Long. 3^-4 ; alar. 5^-6 lin. Black, shining. Palpi tawny. Antennas a little longer than the thorax. Wings greyish, clouded with grey towards the tips and along the hind border, and with a slight brownish spot at the base of the subapical vein. Halteres tawny. Abdomen long. Legs testaceous ; tibias tawny ; tarsi brown. Fern. Wings with the discal brownish spot almost obsolete. Fore borders of the abdominal segments ferruginous. Not common. (E.) 2. atrata, F. S. A. 16. 3 (1805); Meig.; Mcq. Nigra, alis cine- reis macula antica subapicalifusca, halteribus testaceis, femoribus tibiisque obscure testaceis, illis basi nigris. Long. 3 ; alar. 5 lin. Black, shining. Antennas stout, a little shorter than the thorax. Wings grey, with a diffused subapical brown spot in front. Halteres VOL. IV, K 66 MYCETOPHILID.E. testaceous. Legs dingy testaceous. Coxa? and femora black towards the base ; tibia? darker than the femora ; tarsi black. Eare. (E.) 3. mycetophiloid.es, Hardy, MSS. Testacea, vertice, antennis, thoracis disco abdominisque dorso nigris, alls subcinereis, abdomine fasciis testaceis, tarsis nigricantibus. Long. 3 ; alar. 5 lin. Testaceous. Antenna? black, slender, as long as the thorax, testa- ceous at the base. Disc of the thorax black. Wings greyish. Halteres with tawny knobs. Legs testaceous ; tarsi blackish. Abdomen black above, intermediate part with some testaceous bands. Not common. (E. S.) 4. nigriceps, n. Lutea, capite antennisque nigris, alis sulcinereis apice paullo obscurioribus, abdomine nonnunquam vitta tenui nigra, tarsis nigricantibus. Long. 2-3 ; alar. 4-6 lin. Pale luteom. Head and antenna? black, the latter rather slender, shorter than the thorax. Wings slightly greyish, with a grey apical streak along the cubital vein. Abdomen occasionally with a slender black dorsal stripe. Tarsi blackish. Not rare. (E.) 5. laticornis, Meig. ! Zw. i. 238. 13. pi. 8. f. 19 (1818) ; Sta?g. Testacea, vertice, antennis abdomineque piceis, thorace vittis tribus fer- rugineis, alis sulcinereis macula subcostali apicibusque fuscis, halteribus apice trochanteribus tarsisque fuscis. Long. 5 ; alar. 8 lin. Testaceous. Vertex of the head and antenna? piceous, the latter tes- taceous at the base. Thorax with three broad ferruginous stripes ; meta- thorax with a large ferruginous spot. Wings slightly greyish, with a brown spot near the costa at a little beyond the middle, and ivith brown tips. Halteres with brown knobs. Abdomen piceous. Femora pale testaceous ; tibia? darker ; trochanters and tarsi brown. Eare. In the British Museum. (E.) Zetterstedt supposes it to be the male of P. lineata. 6. vitripennis, Steph. MSS. Nigra, cano-tomentosa, palpis ful- vis, alis sublimpidis, halteribus testaceis apice nigricantibus, pedibus testaceis, tarsis fuscis. Long. 3|; alar. 5 lin. Black, shining, slightly covered with hoary tomentum. Palpi tawny. Antenna? hardly so long as the thorax. Wings nearly limpid. Halteres testaceous, with blackish knobs. Legs testaceous ; tibia? darker than the femora ; tarsi brown. Not common. (E. I.) 7. lineata, F. Sp. Ins. ii. 420. 4 (1781); Meig.; Zett.— striata, Gmel. Vulva, vertice antennisque piceis, palpis testaceis, thorace non- nunquam fusco-trivittato, alis subcinereis fascia interrupta apicibusque fuscis, halteribus testaceis apice fuscis, abdomine fusco nonnunquam fasciis testaceis, pedibus testaceis, tarsis fuscescentibus. Long. 4 ; alar. 6 lin. PLATYURA. 67 Tawny. Head about the vertex and antennae piceous, the latter broad, testaceous at the base. Palpi testaceous. Wings slightly grey- ish., with two brown bands, the first at half the length, darkest in front, interrupted in the middle, the second apical. Halteres testaceous, with brown knobs. Abdomen brown. Legs testaceous ; tarsi brownish. Var. ft. Thorax with three brown stripes. Tore borders of the ab- dominal segments testaceous. Bare. In the British Museum. (E.) 8. antica, n. Nigra, thoracis lateribus ariticis halteribus, coxis fe- moribusque ferrugineis, alls cinereis, fascia subapicali nigricante. Long. 3 ; alar. 5 lin. Black. Thorax ferruginous on each side in front. Wings grey, with a blackish subapical band. Halteres, coxa3, and femora ferruginous. Eare. (E.) 9. fasciata, Latr. G. C. iv. 261 (1810); Meig.; Mcq.; Zett. ; Gim.; Stseg.; Zett. — rujicollis, Meig. — ochracea, Meig. Fulva, anten- nis tarsisque fuscis, alis subtestaceis fascia subapicali cinerea, abdomine fasciis apiceque nigris, pedibus testaceis. Long. 2|-3 ; alar. 5-6 lin. Tawny. Antennae brown, rather slender, shorter than the thorax, tawny at the base. Wings slightly testaceous, with a grey subapical band, which is indistinct or obsolete towards the hind border. Abdomen with a black band on the fore border of each segment ; tip black. Legs testaceous ; tarsi brown. Not rare. (E.) 10. flavipes, Meig. Zw. i. 237. 9 (1818) ; Mcq. ; Curt. ! B. E. 134 ; Guer. ; Staeg. ; Zett. — nemoralis, Meig. Nigra, palpis, halteribus, ab- dominis fasciis pedibusque testaceis, alis subcinereis apice cinereis, tarsis fuscescentibus. Long, ly-2; alar. 2f-3| lin. Black, shining. Palpi testaceous. Antennas rather slender, not longer than the thorax. Wings very slightly greyish, with grey tips. Halteres testaceous. Hind borders of the abdominal segments more or less testaceous. Legs testaceous ; tarsi brownish. Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 11. unicolor, n. Nigra, alis fuscis basi pallidioribus, pedibus fer- rugineis, tarsis nigricantibus. Long. 3 ; alar. 5 lin. Black. Wings brown, paler in the disc towards the base ; veins black, ferruginous at the base. Legs ferruginous ; tarsi blackish. Rare. In the British Museum. (E.) 1 2. servula, Walk. E. M. iv. 115 (1837). lermginea, vertice, an- tennis, abdomine tarsisque piceis, alis subcinereis, halteribus testaceis apice piceis, pedibus testaceis. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin. Ferruginous. Vertex, antennas, and abdomen piceous. Wings greyish ; branch of the cubital vein very short. Halteres testaceous, with piceous knobs. Legs testaceous ; tarsi piceous. Eare. In the British Museum. (E.) 68 MYCETOPHILID^E. 13. tiiscoloria, Meig. Zw. i. 239. 14 (1818); Mcq.— discolor, Wahlb. ; Zett. Fulva, subtus testacea, palpis, halteribus pedibusque testaceis, antennis nigris, alis subtestaceis, abdomine fasciis fuscescenti- bus. Long, lf-2 ; alar. 2-4 lin. Tawny, testaceous beneath. Palpi testaceous. Antennae black, rather slender, shorter than the thorax. Wings with a very slight testaceous tinge. Halteres testaceous. Fore borders of the abdominal segments more or less brownish. Legs testaceous ; tarsi brownish. Generally distributed. Frequents the lime-tree. (E. S. I.) 14. concisa, n. Nigra, palpis, halteribus, abdominis fasciis pedi- busque testaceis, pectore thoracisque lateribus piceis, alis subcinereis, tarsis fuseescentibus. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin. Black, Palpi testaceous. Antennae testaceous at the base. Pectus and sides of the thorax piceous. Wings greyish. Halteres testaceous. Hind borders of the abdominal segments testaceous. Legs testaceous ; tarsi brownish. Rare. (E.) Genus XXII. MACROCERA. MACROCERA, Meig. Zw. i. 222 (1818); Curt.; Mcq.; Zett. Corpus gracile, subliiieare, longum, pubescens. Caput parvura. Oculi rotundi. Ocelli 3, intermedius parvus, ante positus. Palpi 4-articu- lati, breves, subincurvi. Antenna 16 -articulates, gracillima, corpora aquales ant triplo longiores. Thorax brevis, ellipticus. Alee latius- culae ; vena cubitalis furcata. Halteres breves. Abdomen lineare aut sublineare, thorace triplo aut quadruple longius. Pedes longi, graciles ; tibice non spinosce, calcaribus minimis. Mas. Antennae lon- giores, apice pilosae. Fcem. Antennae breviores. Body slender, pubescent, nearly linear. Head small. Eyes round. Ocelli three, the middle one very small, in advance of the others. Labium forming two large pubescent lobes. Palpi four-jointed ; first joints longer than the second, or than the third ; fourth as long as the first. Antenna sixteen-jointed, very slender, as long as the body, or thrice its length. Thorax short, elliptical. Wings moderately broad ; subcostal vein slightly curved forward at its tip, ending at much before half the length of the wing ; radial curved upwards at its tip, ending at a little beyond half the length ; cubital forked, springing from the radial at before one-third of the length, near which it forms a very obtuse angle at its junction with the transverse veinlet enclosing the prasbra- chial and pobrachial areolets, and is slightly curved from thence to its end, which is at very little in front of the tip of the wing ; its fore fork is oblique, and ends at a little beyond two-thirds of the length of the wing ; subapical emerging from the cubital at before half the length, near which it is forked, and its fore fork ends at the tip of the wing ; MACROCERA. 69 subanal forked at one-third of the length, its hind fork curved hindward, and diverging very much from the fore one; anal extending to the hind border; subaxillary none; humeral veinlet very near the base; nreolets thirteen, — the humeral, the radical, the subcostal, the radial, the praebrachial, which is united to the pobrachial and shortened towards the tip, two cubital, three externo-medial, the subapical, the anal, and the axillary. Posterior margin forming a very slight nearly right angle, at more than thrice the length of the humeral areolet from the base. Halteres short. Abdomen linear, or nearly linear, thrice or four times the length of the body. Legs long, slender ; tibia without spurs; their spurs very small. Male. Antennae longer than of the female, pilose at the tips. Abdomen cylindrical. Fern. Antennas shorter. Ab- domen elongate, fusiform. The Macrocera are the most elegant of all the flies of this family of Dryads. They inhabit woods, are especially fond of the shade, and may be often found resting on palings, with their long antennae extended. Synopsis of the species : — a. Antennas twice or thrice the length of the body. b. Wings unspotted. c. Thorax striped. Species 1. c c. Thorax not striped. Species 2. b b. Wings spotted. c. Tips of the wings not clouded. d. Thorax not striped. Species 3. d d. Thorax striped. Species 4. c c. Tips of the wings clouded. d. Wings striped between the tip of the radial vein and the fork of the cubital vein. Species 5. d d. Wings striped before the tip of the radial vein. Species 6. a a. Antennae not longer than the body. Species 7. 1. vittata, Meig. Zw. vi. 293. 7 (1830); Zett.— dorsalis, Curt. Fulva, subtus testacea, palpis, halteribus pedibusque testaceis, antennis riigricantibus basi fulvis, thorace ferrugineo-trivittato, alis subtestaceis, abdomine vitta dorsali nigra, tarsis fuscis. Long. 3—4 ; alar. 6—8 lin. Tawny, testaceous beneath. Palpi testaceous. Antennas blackish, tawny at the base. Thorax with three ferruginous stripes, the lateral pair short. Wings with a very slight testaceous tinge. Halteres tes- taceous. Abdomen with a black dorsal stripe. Legs pale testaceous ; tibiae rather darker than the femora ; tarsi brown. Not rare. (E.) 2. hitea, Panz. Faun. Germ. cv. 7 ; Meig. Zw. i. 223. 1 (1818) ; Curt.; Mcq.; Zett.; Gim.; Stasg. Testacea, antennis tarsisque fusces- centibus, illis basi testaceis, alis subcinereis ; Mas, abdominis apice fuscescente. Long 2-3 ; alar. 4-6 lin. — Var. Abdomen fuscescens, fasciis testaceis. 70 MYCETOPHILID^E. Testaceous. Antennae brownish, testaceous towards the base. Wings very slightly greyish. Tarsi brownish. Male. Abdomen brownish at the tip. — Var. Abdomen brownish ; hind borders of the segments tes- taceous. Not rare. (E. S. I.) 3. stigma, Curt.! B, E. 657. 6 (1837). Testacea, antennis tar- sisque fuscescentibus, alis subcinereis gutta discali strigisque fusces- centibus. Long. 3-4 ; alar. 6-8 lin. Testaceous. Antennae brownish, testaceous towards the base. Wings slightly greyish, with a brownish dot at the tip of the radial vein, and with an indistinct pale brownish streak on each areolet. Ab- domen and legs pubescent ; tarsi brownish. Not rare. (E.) 4. centralis, Meig. Zw. i. 225. 5. (1818); Curt.; Staag. ; Zett. Testacea, antennis tarsisque fuscis, illis basi testaceis, thorace fusco- trivittato, alis subcinereis basim versus subnebulosis fasciaque media fusca, abdominis fasciis nigris. Long. 3 ; alar. 6 lin. Testaceous. Antenna? brown, testaceous at the base. Thorax with three brown stripes. Wings very slightly greyish, almost limpid in the basal half, slightly clouded with brown in the disc at one-third of the length, and in the middle with a pale brown band, which does not extend to the hind border. Abdomen with a black band on the fore border of each segment. Tarsi brown. Not rare. (E.) 5. angulata, Meig. Zw. i. 224. 4 (1818) ; Mcq. D. ; Curt. ; Staag. ; Zett. — vittata, Mcq. D. N. Testacea, antennis tarsisque fuscis, illis basi testaceis, alis subcinereis, basi fusco variis, fascia media apicibusque cinereis, abdominis fasciis apiceque nigris. Long. 2-3 ; alar. 4-6 lin. Testaceous. Antenna? brown, testaceous towards the base. Wings slightly greyish, clouded with brown here and there towards the base, and beyond the middle with a grey band which extends to the hind border, and is brown towards the costa ; tips grey. Abdomen with a black band on the hind border of each segment; tip black. Tarsi brown. Not rare. (E.) 6. phalerata, Hoffm. ; Meig. Zw. i. 223. 3 (1818) ; Curt. ; Gim. ; Stseg. ; Zett. — lonfficornis, F. — maculata ? HofFm. ; Meig. ; Zett. Tes- tacea, antennis fuscis basi testaceis, alis sublimpidis, basi disco costa api- cibusque maculatis, tarsis fuscescentibus. Long. 2-2^ ; alar. 4-5 lin. Testaceous. Antenna? brown, testaceous towards the base. Wings nearly limpid, clouded with pale brown at the base, in the middle with a brownish band, which does not extend to the hind border, with a brownish costal spot beyond the middle, and with grey tips. Tarsi brownish. Not rare. (E. I.) BOLITOPHILA. 71 7. fasciata, Meig. Zw. i. 223. 2 (1818) ; Curt. ; Mcq. ; Gim. ; Zett. — multicincta, Curt. — nana, Mcq. — pusilla, Meig. Testacea, vertice nigro, antennis nigricantibus, thorace fusco-trivittato, abdominis vitta dorsali fasciisque tarsisque fuscis. Long. 2-^-4 ; alar. 4—7 lin. Testaceous. Head black above. Antennae blackish, testaceous at the base. Thorax with three brown stripes, the lateral pair short. Wings very slightly greyish. Abdomen with an interrupted brown dorsal stripe, and a brown band on the fore border of each segment. — Var. Antennas with testaceous bands. Not rare. (E. I.) Genus XXIII. BOLITOPHILA. BOLITOPHILA, Hoffm. ; Meig. Zw.i. 220 (1818) ; Mcq.; Zett. Macro- cera p., Meig. Kl. Messala, Curt. Corpus gracillimum. Caput parvum. Oculi ovati. Ocelli tres, medius vix antepositus. Palpi 4-articulati, cylindrici; articulus primus brevissimus. Antenna setacea, gracillimce, 16 -articulate, corpore breviores. Thorax ovatus. Alee angustce ; vena uubitalis furcata. Halteres sat longi. Abdomen attenuatum. Pedes longi, gracillimi ; tibiae spinis et calcaribus nullis. Mas. Antenna? pubescentes, lon- giores. Abdomen lineare, subcylindricum. Fcem. Antennae nuda?, breviores. Abdomen longi-fusiforme. Body very slender. Head small. Eyes oval. Ocelli three, the middle one hardly in front of the others. Labrum elongate-trigonate. Labium rather short and broad. Palpi cylindrical, four-jointed ; first, second, and third joints short ; fourth longer, slender. Antenna six- teen-jointed, setaceous, very slender, shorter than the body, sixteenth joint longer than the fifteenth, with tlhe apex somewhat attenuated for a short space, but not divided by any further articulation. Thorax oval. Wings narrow ; subcostal vein curved forward at its tip, ending at about half the length of the wing ; radial curved upward at its tip, ending at full three-fourths of the length ; cubital forked, springing from the radial at hardly before half the length, curved by its base, almost straight from thence to the tip along its hind fork, and nearly at a right angle with its fore fork, which joins the radial near its tip ; subapical emitting before half its length a transverse veinlet, which joins the cubital and bounds the prsebrachial areolet, forked a little beyond this ; praebra- chial, pobrachial and anal veins distinct ; humeral veinlet near the base; areolets fourteen, — the humeral, the radical, the subcostal, the radial, the prsebrachial, the pobrachial, which is extremely short, two cubital, the subapical, three externo-medial, the anal, and the axillary ; posterior margin forming an inward curve at a little within the length of the humeral areolet from the base. Halteres moderately long. Ab- domen long, attenuated. Legs long, very slender ; tibia without spines or spurs. Male. Antennae pubescent, longer than those of the female. 72 CECTDOMYZID.E. Abdomen linear, nearly cylindrical. Tern. Antennae nearly bare. Ab- domen elongate-fusiform, with nine segments ; eighth small ; ninth very small, almost retracted. Tentacles exserted ; their second joint smaller, ovate-orbiculate. The Bolitopkila in structure recede much from the typical Mycetophitidce, and are allied to Dixa and Trichocera. The two British species frequent shady places during the greater part of the year, and appear even in the middle of winter when the weather is mild. 1. fusca, Meig. Zw. i. 221. 2 (1818) ; Mcq. ; Zzit.—hybrida, Meig. Kl. — Saundersii, Curt. — maculipennis, Walk. — bimaculata? Zett.; Staeg. Ferruginea, vertice thoraceque nigro-cinereo, antennis nigris basi fer- rugineis, thorace ferrugineo bivittato, alls subcinereis macula discali cinerea et costali fusca, halteribus apice tibiis tarsisque fuscis. Long. 4 ; alar. 7 lin. Ferruginous. Vertex greyish-black. Antennae black, ferruginous at the base. Thorax with two ferruginous stripes. Wings very slightly greyish, with a grey spot at the tip of the pr&brachial areolet, and a larger brown spot by the costa at the tip of the radial vein. Halteres with brown tips. Tibiae and tarsi brown. Eare. (E.) 2. cinerea, Hoffm ; Meig. ! Zw. i. 221. 1. pi. 8. f. 1 (1818) ; Mcq. ; Zett. Nigro-cinerea, palpis, halteribus, coxis femoribusque testaceis, an- tennis nigris basi testaceis, pectore ferrugineo, alts subcinereis, macula parva costali cinerea, halteribus apice fuscis, tibiis tarsisque nigricanti- bus. Long. 2|-3 ; alar. 4-5 lin. Greyish-black. Palpi testaceous. Antennae black, testaceous at the base. Pectus ferruginous. Wings very slightly greyish, with a small grey spot by the costa at the tip of the radial vein. Halteres testaceous with brown knobs. Legs testaceous ; tibiae and tarsi blackish. Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) FAMILY III. CECIDOMYZID^. CECIDOMYZID.E, Hal. D. B. i. 7 (1851). Tipularm Gallicolte, Meig. Cecidomiites, Newm. Cecidomydes, Mcq. Cecidomyna, E-ond. Ceci- domyzides, Zett. Lestremina (olirn) aut Sciarince p., Bond. Ocelli Sfspissime nulli. Mesothoracis scutum integrum. Alarum vence usque ad apices sex aut pauciores ; vena costalis alee apicem plerumque attingens. Body small or very minute. Ocelli very generally wanting. Anten- nae generally more or less verticiUate, pilose, often moniliform, or ^cith petiolated joints. Scutum of the mesonotum undivided. Wings generally CECIDOMYIA. 73 beautifully iridescent ; veins in their last subdivisions not more than six ; costal vein extending nearly to the tip of the wing, or to the hind border ; sudapical vein almost always obsolete. These flies are the most elegant and delicate little creatures in the whole of the Diptera. The species are exceedingly numerous, and generally of very minute size. Descriptions of the characters and habits of all the British species would alone fill this volume, but only a few of these have as yet been observed, and it is diffi- cult to identify them with most of the published descriptions, and I am not able to refer to collections for specimens of them. The larvae are generally fleshy, oval grubs, rather attenuated in front, and without any exserted appendages ; those of many species feed on various parts of living plants, and are thus more or less in- jurious to vegetation; some of them form galls, others feed on decayed wood. The pupa resembles the imago, but its form is much more contracted, with the wings and legs very short, and resting upon the breast, in distinct cases. Winnertz has published the most complete treatise on this family, and has reviewed the works of nearly all the previous authors thereon. The genera may be grouped thus : — C Distinct 1. CECIDOMYIA. Cubital vein \ (.Obsolete 2. LASIOPTERA. The only recorded genera in addition to these are Spcmwcera and Heteropeza of Winnertz, and Brachineura and Ozirhynchm of Eondani, which have not been discovered in Britain. Genus I. CECIDOMYIA. CECIDOMYIA, Latr. Gen. Cr. iv. 253 (1803); Meig. ; Mcq. ; Loew; Winn. ; Zett. Tipula p., L. ; F.(Sp. I. et E. S.); Gmel.; D. G. ; Schr. Chironomus p., F. (S. A.). Macrocera p., Meig. Kl. Cecidomyia et Lasioptera p., F. (S. A.) Cecidomyza, Zett. Oligotrophus, Latr. Caput parvum. Oculi lunati, apud verticem contigui. Ocelli nulli. Proboscis brevis, crassa. Palpi 4-articulati ; articulus primus brevis ; secundus et tertius pleruraque sequales ; quartus ssepissime longior. Antennas longae, 13-36-articulata3, moniliibrmes aut filiformes, ple- rumque verticillato-pilosa3. Thorax rotundatus, nonuunquam gib- bosus aut antice productus. Ala? ampla3, sa3pissime ciiiatas; vena costalis alas apieem plerumque attingens; subcostalis apud cost.e dimidium terminata ; cubitalis costali ad apieem connexa ; subapicalis ssepissime nulla ; subanalis simplex, nonuunquam obsoleta ; analis furcata, raro apieem versus obsoleta. Halteres magni. Abdomen segmentis 8, plerumque lineare. Pedes saspissime lougi, graciles ; tibia3 non spinosae nee calcarata) ; metatarsus brevissimus. Mas. Antenna3 VOL. IV. L 74 CECIDOMYZLD.E. ssepissime longiores, articulis longi-petiolatis, pilis verticillatis longis. Abdomen cyliudricum, apice forcipatura. Foem. Antennas srepissime breviores, articulorum petiolis brevissimis aut nullis, pilis verticilkitis brevioribus. Abdomen acuminatum. Oviductus ssepissime elon- gatus, nommnquam lamellis duabus apicalibus. Size small or very minute. Head small. Eyes lunate, contiguous on the vertex. Ocelli none. Proboscis short, thick, fleshy. Palpi prominent, curved, four-jointed; first joint smaller than the others; second and third generally of equal length ; fourth most often the longest. Antennaa long, often curved upwards, moniliforin or filiform, generally with whorls of hairs ; joints from thirteen to thirty-six in number, most often petiolated, simple, or apparently double, in some species alternately long and short. Thorax rounded, occasionally hump- shaped, in a few species prolonged like a hood over the head. Wings ample, broad and rounded at the tips, cuneiform at the base, often pu- bescent or ciliated ; costal vein ending at the tip of the wing or near it on the fore border, or on the hind border ; subcostal about half the length of the wing, or rather longer or shorter, joining the costal at its tip ; cubital generally slightly curved, ending at the tip of the costal, connected with the subcostal by a transverse veinlet, near which it occasionally forms an angle, and in some species undulates from thence to the base; subapical vein almost always wanting; subanal generally distinct, often slight, occasionally obsolete; anal forked, its first or fore branch generally slight, more or less contiguous to the sub- anal vein, obsolete in some species ; second or hind branch generally curved abruptly to the hind border, very rarely obsolete. Halteres long, with large knobs. Abdomen with eight segments in the male, cylindrical and forcipated ; in the female acuminated and with an ovi- duct which varies much in length and shape, and has generally two valves at its tip, when it is short. Legs long, generally very slender ; tibiae without spines and spurs; first joint of the tarsi very much shorter than the second. There are many British species which are different from those here noticed, but with some exceptions I have excluded them,, and many of the following descriptions are translated and abridged from the monographs of Winnertz, who has observed the economy of most species, and whose specific characters are much more com- plete than those of any other author on Cecidomyia. Most of the species in the larva state feed on living vegetables, but several inhabit decayed wood, one or two live in oak-apples, and one, ac- cording to Eohdani's observations, feeds on Aphides. The speceis here described may be grouped thus : — a. Anal vein forked. b. Transverse veinlet between the base and the tip of the subcostal vein. c. Cubital vein emerging from a flat radicle. CECIDOMYTA. 75 d. Thorax not gibbous. e. Cubital vein joining the costal in front of the tip of the wing. — Subgen. Dasineura> Kondani, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bo- logna, 1847. — Cecidomyia, Loew, Winn. f. Joints of the antennae petiolated in the male, sessile in the female. g. Body black, or brown. li. Head black, or brown. i. Legs with silvery reflections. j. Wings grey. Species 1, 2. j j. Wings white. Species 3. 333- Wings limpid. Species 4. i L Legs not silvery. j. Face yellowish-white. Species 5. jj. Face tawny. Species 6-8. j jj. Face ferruginous. Species 9. j j j j. Face brownish-tawny, brown, or black. k. Body with tufts of silvery hairs. Species 10-13. k k. Body without silvery hairs. I. Wings slightly brown. Species 14, 15. I 1. Wings grey. Species 16. III. Wings slightly grey. Species 17, 18. llll. Wings limpid. Species 19-23. h. Head yellow. Species 24. g g. Body pale. h. Disc of the thorax brown. Species 25-28. h h. Thorax with three brown stripes. Species 29, 30. h k h. Thorax wholly pale. Species 31-34. ff. Joints of the antennae petiolated in both sexes, in the female often only partly petiolated. Species 35-39. ///. Joints of the antennae sessile in both sexes. Species 40-43. e e. Cubital vein joining the costal at the tip of the wing or behind it. — Subgen. Diplosis, Loew ; Winn. — Phytophaga et Cbcidomyia, Rondani. f. Antennae more or less moniliforin ; joints generally pe- tiolated and verticillate-pilose. g. Cubital vein joining the costal at the tip of the wing. h. Joints of the flagellum alternately single and double. «. Wings unspotted. j. Body black, or brown. k. Scutellum tawny. Species 44, 45. k k. Scutellum not tawny. Species 46, 47. j j. Body yellowish-brown. Species 48. 333. Body yellow, or testaceous. k. Wings slightly greyish. Species 49, 50. 76 CECIDOMYZID^E. .. k Jc. Wings limpid. Species 51-55. i i. Wings coloured. Species 56-63. h h. Joints of the antennae of the male wholly single, and with only one whorl of hairs. i. Wings limpid, or nearly so. Species 64-71. i i. Wings greyish, or grey. Species 72-82. g g. Cubital vein joining the costal behind the tip of the wing. h. Whorls of hairs on the joints of the antennae of the male equally long above and below. i. Wings unspotted. j. Body white. Species 83. j j. Body yellow, or testaceous. k. Thorax without stripes, or a dark disc. I. Wings limpid. Species 84-87. I 1. Wings nearly limpid. Species 88. 1 1 L Wings greyish. Species 89-92. k k. Thorax with stripes, or a dark disc. L Wings limpid. Species 93-96. I I. Wings nearly limpid. Species 97-99. I I L Wings greyish. Species 100-103. llll. Wings slightly brown. Species 104. j j j. Body brownish-testaceous. Sp. 105, 106. j j j j. Body tawny. Species 107-110. j j j j j. Body brown, or black. k. Wings milk-white. Species 111. k k. Wings slightly fawn-colour. Species 112. k k k. Wings limpid. Species 113. k k k k. Wings greyish. Species 114-117. k k k k k. Wings grey. Species 118-121. i i. Wings spotted. Species 122, 123. h h. Antennae of the male with long hairs on the upper side. Species 124-126. //. Antennae filiform ; joints cylindrical, sessile, not verti- cillate-pilose. Cubital vein joining the costal behind the tip of the wing. — Subgen. AspJwndylia, Loew ; Winn. Species 127-132. d d. Thorax gibbous. Cubital vein joining the costal at the tip of the wing, or behind it. — Subgen. Hormomyia, Loew ; Winn. e. Thorax prolonged over the head. Species 133-137. e e. Thorax not prolonged. Species 138-145. c c. Cubital vein emerging from a forked radicle, joining the costal behind the tip of the wing. — Subgen. Colpodia, Loew; Winn. Species 146. b b. Transverse veinlet very oblique, emerging from the base of the subcostal vein. CECIDOMYIA. 77 c. Joints of the antennae not or hardly petiolated. Cubital vein emerging from a flat radicle. — Subgen. Dirhiza, Loew. c c. Joints of the antennae petiolated in both sexes, their number indeterminate. Cubital vein emerging from a forked radicle, joining the costal behind the tip of the wing. — Subgen. Epidosis, Loew; Winn. d. Body yellow, or tawny. e. Wings limpid, or nearly so. Species 147-149. e e. Wings greyish. Species 150, 151. e e e. Wings brownish. Species 152-157. d d. Body black. Species 158, 159. a a. Anal vein not forked. Cubital vein joining the costal behind the tip of the wing. — Subgen. Asynapta, Loew ; Winn. b. Cubital vein emerging from a forked radicle. Transverse veiulet very oblique, emerging from the base of the subcostal vein. Species 160. b b. Cubital vein emerging from a flat radicle. Transverse veinlet between the base and the tip of the subcostal vein. Species 161, 162. 1. rosaria, Loew, Pr. Pos. Gymn. 35. 23 (1850); Winn. ; Hardy, Scot. Gard. iii. 45 (1854). Nigro-fusca, subtus argenteo hirta, palpis flavo-fuscis, antennis 20-24-articulatis, thoracis lateribus apud alas car- neis, alis ci nereis hirsutie nigro-cinerea, halteribus fulvis apicefuscis, ab- dominis incisuris ferrugineis, pedibus supra nigro-fuscis subtus argenteis. Long. l|-2 lin. Thorax with two stripes of thick-set hairs, which appear yellowish in some aspects, whitish in others. Costal, subcostal, and cubital veins black, stout ; cubital ending at hardly in front of the tip of the wing, more thickened in the middle than that of the other species of this subgenus ; second branch of the anal vein curved obliquely and not abruptly to the hind border. Male. Antenna twenty- to twenty-four- jointed, as long as the body ; joints towards the base longer than their petioles; middle and apical joints as long as their petioles. Fern. An- tennae twenty-two to twenty-four-jointed, half the length of the body. Oviduct of moderate length. Forms rosette-like galls on Salix alba, caprea, aurita, cinerea, and depressa. Noticed byPrisch (Beschr. xii. 7), and byDeGeer (Ins. vi. 155. 27). (E. S.) 2. Salicis, Schr. Fn. Boic. iii. 69. 2310 (1798); Loew; Winn.; Hardy, Scot. Gard. iii. 13 (1854). — salicina, Bouche. Nigra, anten- nis nigro-fuscis 20-24-articulatis, thoracis lateribus apud alas carneis, alis nigro-cinereis, halteribus obscure fuscis, femoribus tibiisque subtus argenteis ; Fcem. abdominis incisuris ventreque carneis. Long. 1^-1^ lin. Thorax with two stripes of yellowish-white glistening hairs. Body, wings, and legs very pubescent ; hairs of the body and of the legs 78 CECIDOMYZID.E. mostly silvery. Male. Antenna twenty- to twenty-two-jointed, three- fourths of the length of the body ; joints towards the base twice the length of their petioles, but only half as long again towards the mid- dle. Transverse veinlet at the end of the basal half of the subcostal vein not as in C. rosaria at the end of the basal third of that vein. Jem. An- tennaB twenty-two to twenty-four-jointed, half the length of the body. Not rare. (E. S. I.) Forms woody galls on the twigs of Salix aurita and of 8. cinerea, and more rarely on those of 8. caprea. Noticed by De Geer (Ins. vi. 155. 27). 3. albipennis, Loew, Pr. Pos. Gymn. 35. 24 (1850); Winn. Nigro-fusca, capite nigro, antennis flavido-albis 15-articulatis, thorace cinereo vittis quatuor nigris obscuris, lateribus abdoininisque iucisuris ferrugineis, alis maris praesertim albis, halteribus albis apice fuscis, pedibus subtus tibiis posticis tarsisque posterioribus supra quoque argenteis. Long. 1 lin. Body clothed with black hairs. Wings with white hairs and white veins ; costal vein brownish ; cubital vein almost straight, ending at some little distance from the tip of the wing ; second branch of the anal curved to the hind border. Male. Antennas rather more than half the length of the body ; joints almost twice the length of their petioles. Transverse veinlet before the middle of the subcostal vein. Fern. An- tennas rather less than half the length of the body. Transverse veinlet at the middle of the subcostal vein. Oviduct elongated, without valves. Inhabits rose-formed galls on Salix alba. 4. Papaveris, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 229. 16 (1853). Nigro- fusca, antennis fuscis 16-17-articulatis, thorace vittis duabus e pilis flavo-argenteis, lateribus nonnunquam carneis, alis limpidis, costa pilis- que nigris, halteribus abdomineque fulvis, hoc fasciis nigris, pedibus fuscis subtus argenteis. Long. -|- £ lin. Transverse veinlet very distinct ; cubital vein bent forward at its junction with the veinlet, beyond which it is convex in front and joins the costal at some distance in front of the tip of the wing; second branch of the anal vein curved to the hind border. Male. Antennae seventeen-jointed, nearly as long as the body ; petioles half the length of the joints towards the base, and three-fourths of the length in the middle and towards the tips ; terminal joint not petiolated. Fern. An- tennas sixteen-jointed, rather more than half the length of the body. Oviduct elongated, without valves. Lives in the seed-capsules of Papaver Rhoeas and of P. 5. albilabris, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 217. 4 (1853). Mas, nigra, facie proboscide palpisque flavo-albis, antennis nigro-fuscis 19-articu- latis, thoracis lateribus abdominisque inoisuris fulvis, alis subcinereis, halteribus albidis, pedibus nigro-fuscis, femoribus tibiisque subtus aut omnino albo-flavis. Long. 1 lin. Wings with blackish-grey down ; veins brown ; costa stout, black ; CECIDOMYIA. 79 transverse veinlet very pale at the middle of the subcostal vein ; cubital vein curved, ending near the tip of the wing ; first branch of the anal curved to the hind border. Male. Antennae as long as the body ; joints as long as their petioles. Fern. Antennas half the length of the body ; oviduct very long ; third segment and hind half of the second yellow. Lives in decayed beech-wood. 6. riparia, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 218. 5 (1853). Fusca, facie fulva, palpis albidis, antennis 15-16-articulatis, thoracis lateribus car- ueis, alis limpidis, halteribus flavo-fuscis, abdomine fulvo, pedibus nigris subtus albidis. Long. |—J lin. Brown. Wings whitish in some aspects, with blackish-gvey down ; veins brown ; transverse veinlet very slight and indistinct, situate beyond the middle of the subcostal vein ; cubital vein ending at some little distance from the tip of the wing ; second branch of the anal curved abruptly and slightly obliquely to the hind border. Male. Antennas fifteen to sixteen-jointed ; joints towards the base as long as their pe- tioles, rather shorter towards their tips ; cubital vein hardly curved. Fern. Antennas fifteen-jointed ; cubital vein distinctly curved. Oviduct elongated, without valves ; second and third joints yellow. Inhabits the male blossoms of Carex riparia. 1. Persicarise, L. S. N. ii. 977. 49 (1767); F. ; Gmel. ; Schr.; Loew ; Winn. Foem. nigra, facie fronteque fulvis, palpis albido-flavis, antennis 16-articulatis fuscis basi flavis, thorace nigro-cinereo vittis quatuor nigris, alis vix subcinereis venis nigris, abdomine carneo fasciis nigris, femoribus subtus albo-micantibus. Long. 1 lin. Fern. Black. Front and face tawny. Palpi whitish-yellow. An- tennas sixteen-jointed, brown, yellow at the base, half the length of the body. Thorax blackish-grey, with deep black stripes in the middle and one on each side. Wings almost limpid, with black down and veins ; costa and hind border stout and. black, the latter with a very broad fringe ; transverse veinlet distinct, situate at about the middle of the subcostal vein; cubital straight, ending at some little distance from the tip of the wing; second branch of the anal curved to the hind border. Halteres whitish -yellow at the base. Abdomen flesh-colour, with black hairy bands. Oviduct elongated, without valves, yellow towards the tip. Infests the leaves of Polygonum ampJiibmm. 8. marginem-torquens, Bremi, Denkschriften der Schweizer- ischen Gesellschaft fur Naturwissenchaften, pi. 2. f. 32, 33 (1847); Winn. Hardy, Scot. Gard. iii. 78 (1854). Nigra, albo-hirta, facie ihoracis lateribus scutello et metathorace fulvis, palpis albidis, antennis pallide fuscis 15-16-articulatis, alis subcinereis venis fuscis costa valida nigra, abdomine sordide ilavo (in mortuis obscuriore), pedibus nigro- fuscis subtus albis. Long, i- f lin. Black. Sides of the thorax, scutellum, and metatJiorax tawny. Wings with blackish-grey down ; transverse veinlet very pale, situate in the 80 CECIDOMYZIDyE. middle of the subcostal vein ; cubital somewhat curved in the middle, straight from thence to the tip, joining the costal at some distance in front of the tip of the wing; second branch of the anal vein curved to the hind border. Male. Antennas fifteen- to sixteen-jointed, nearly as long as the body ; joints towards the base twice the length of their petioles, but only longer by one-third towards their tips. Jem. An- tennae fifteen-jointed, half the length of the body. Abdomen with broad black hairy bands, oviduct elongated, without valves ; first seg- ment blackish, broad and thick ; second and third yellowish. Lives in the deformed leaf-borders of Salix viminalis. (E. S.) 9. Sisymbrii, Schr. Fn. Boic. iii. 83. 2352 (1798); Loew; Winn. — Barbarece, Curt. Nigra, facie ferruginosa, proboscide palpisque al- bidis, antenriis nigro-fuscis, 16-17-articulatis, thoracis lateribus halte- ribus abdomineque fulvis aut fuscis, alis subcinereis costa nigra, femo- ribus basi subt usque flavis, tibiis tarsisque albo-nitentibus. Long. -§•-£ lin. Wings with black pubescence, and with blackish-brown veins ; trans- verse veinlet pale, very oblique, joining the middle of the subcostal vein ; cubital vein bent forward at its junction with the transverse vein- let, thence curved towards the fore border, which it joins far from the tip of the wing ; second branch of the anal vein curved obliquely, and not abruptly to the hind border. Male. Antenna3 sixteen- to seventeen- jointed, rather longer than the body ; joints as long as their petioles in the middle, rather longer towards the base, and rather shorter towards the tips of the antennas. Jem. Antenna? sixteen-jointed, rather more than half the length of the body ; oviduct elongated, very slender, with- out valves ; second and third segments yellowish. Lives in May and June in the flowers of Barlarea vulgaris, and from June to November in the folded, blister-like galls of Nastur- tium sylvestre. 10. salicina, Schr. Fn. Austr. 425. 884 (1781); Loew; Winn.; Hardy, Scot. Gard. iii. 48 (1854). — Frischii, Bremi. Nigro-fusc.-i, fasciculis argenteis, facie proboscide et palpis fusco-fulvis aut fuscis, antennis \§-ll-articulatis, thoracis lateribus f'ulvo-vittatis, alis cineras- centibus pilis obscurioribus, halteribus albidis apice nonnunquam fuscis, abdomine carneo, fasciis dorsalibus nigris, pedibus subtus argenteis. Long, f-1 lin. Costa of the wings squamose, stout, deep black ; veins dark brown ; transverse veinlet pale, situate about the middle of the subcostal vein ; cubital very slightly curved, ending at some little distance from the tip of the wing ; second branch of the anal forming an obtuse angle, slightly curved to the hind border. Male. Antenna sixteen to seventeen- jointed, nearly as long as the body ; joints as long as their petiole, rather longer towards the base. Fern. Antenna sixteen-jointed, half the length of the body. Abdomen tawny beneath. Oviduct elongated, without valves ; two last segments whitish-yellow. CECIDOMYIA. 81 Lives in the withered tips of the young shoots of Salix Caprea and 8. alba. Noticed by Frisch (Beschr. i. 4. 38. xxi.). 11. iteophila, Loew, Pr. Pos. Gym. 35. 26 (1850); Winn. Ni- gro-fusca, antennis 14-15 -articulatis, alls cinerascentibus, pedibus fuscis subtus pallidioribus. Long. |~|- lin. Costa of the wings squamose, stout, deep black ; veins dark brown ; transverse veinlet pale, situate about the middle of the subcostal vein ; cubital vein quite straight, ending at some little distance in front of the tip of the wing; second branch of the anal forming an obtuse angle, slightly curved to the hind border. Male. Antennae 14 -15 -jointed, nearly as long as the body; joints as long as their petioles, rather longer towards the base. Jem. Antennae fourteen -jointed, half the length of the body. Abdomen tawny beneath. Oviduct elongated, without valves ; two last segments whitish-yellow. Very nearly allied to C. salicina ; joints of the antennae one or two less in number. Lives in the rose-like galls of Salix alba. 12. heterobia, Loew, Pr. Pos. Gym. 35. 25 (1850); Winn. Nigro-fusca, alis cinerascentibus, pedibus fuscis subtus pallidioribus; Mas, antennis \l-\$-articulatis ; Fcem. antennis \&-articulatis. Long, Jim. Costa of the wings squamose, stout, deep black ; veins dark brown ; transverse veinlet pale, situate about the middle of the subcostal vein ; cubital vein generally quite straight, in some cases slightly curved up- ward near the tip, ending at some little distance in front of the tip of the wing; second branch of the anal forming an obtuse angle, slightly curved to the hind border. Male. Antennae seventeen- to nineteen-joint- ed, nearly as long as the body ; joints as long as their petioles, rather longer towards the base. Fern. Antennae sixteen-jointed, hah0 the length of the body. Abdomen tawny beneath. Oviduct elongated, without valves ; two last segments whitish-yellow. Lives in the male flowers and in the rosettes on the tips of the twigs of Salix amygdalina, and changes there to the pupa state. 13. terminalis, Loew, Pr. Pos. Gym. 35. 28 (1850); Winn. Nigro-fusca, antennis basi fuscis aut flavis, alis cinerascentibus, pedibus fuscis subtus pallidioribus; Mas, antennis \%-articulatis ; Fcem. anten- nis \6-articulatis. Long. f~l lin. Antennae often brown or yellow at the base. Costa of the wings squamose, stout, deep black ; veins dark brown ; transverse veinlet pale, situate about the middle of the subcostal vein ; cubital vein generally distinctly curved towards the tip, ending at some little distance in front of the tip of the wing ; second branch of the anal forming an obtuse angie, slightly curved to the hind border. Male. Antennae nine- teen-jointed, nearly as long as the body ; joints as long as their petioles, rather longer towards the base. Fern. Antennae sixteen-jointed, half the length of the body. Abdomen tawny beneath. Oviduct elongated, without valves ; two last segments whitish-yellow. VOL. iv. M 82 CECIDOMYZTD^S. Lives in the tips of the shoots of Salix fragilis, which it rolls together. This and the two preceding species seem hardly to differ from C. Salicina. 14. Euphorbia;, Bouche; Loew, Pr. Pos. Gym. 36. 34 (1850); Winn. — subpatula? Bremi. Nigra, antennis nigro-fuscis 16-articula- tis, thoracis lateribus apud alas abdominisque incisuris carneis, alis sub- fuscis, venis nigris, pedibus nigris subtus albis ; Fcem. abdomine carneo fasciis nigris. Long, f — | lin. Black. Wings whitish in some aspects, with blackish-grey down ; costa stout ; transverse veinlet very pale, situate at the middle of the subcostal vein ; cubital straight or very slightly curved, ending at some little distance in front of the tip of the wing ; second branch of the anal curved to the hind border. Legs black, white beneath. Male. An- tennae shorter than the body; joints longer by half than their petioles. Abdomen blackish-brown, with flesh-coloured sutures. Fern. Antennae half the length of the body. Abdomen flesh-coloured, with broad black hairy bands. Oviduct elongated, without valves ; third segment yellow. Lives in the tips of the leaves of Euphorbia Cypanssias. 15. innotata, n. Nigra, alis subfuscis, venis obscurioribus, pedi- bus sordide testaceis validiusculis, tarsis fuscis. Long, f ; alar. 1^ lin. Black. Wings slightly brownish ; veins darker. Legs dingy testa- ceous, rather stout, tarsi brown,. Not common. (E.) 16. Klugii, Meig. Zw. i. 95. 3 (1818); Loew. Fcem. nigra, an- tennis 18-articulatis, articulis ovatis breviter pilosis, thorace cinereo vittis tribus nigris, alis cinereis, halteribus pedibusque fuscis. Long. 1| lin. Fern. Slack. Antennae eighteen -jointed; joints oval, with short hairs. Thorax cinereous., with three deep black stripes. Wings grey ; with darker hairs. Halteres and legs brown. Rare. (E.) 17. acrophila, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 233. 19 (1853). Nigra, antennis 19-20-articulatis, thoracis lateribus halterib usque carneis aut fuscis, alis subcinereis, costa venisque nigris, abdominis incisuris ventre- que carneis, pedibus subtus albo-micantibus. Long. 1 lin. Black. Wings whitish in some aspects ; transverse veinlet situate at far before the middle of the subcostal vein ; cubital vein bent forward at its junction with the veinlet, curved hindward from thence to its tip, which joins the costal at some distance from the tip of the wing ; se- cond branch of the anal vein proceeding abruptly to the hind border, and forming a very slightly obtuse angle; sutures and under side of the abdomen flesh- colour. Male. Antennae nearly as long as the body ; joints and their petioles of equal length ; whorls of hairs hoary. ' Fern. Antennas half the length of the body. Oviduct yellowish, elongated, without valves ; first segment flesh-colour. CECTDOMYIA. 83 Lives in the top leaves of Fraxinus excelsior, forms hollow pod- shaped cells, and undergoes its transformation in the earth. 18. costalis, n. Mas,fusca, capite nigro, antennis nigris 20-arti- culatis, thorace vittis tribus cinereis, scutello pectore abdomineque testa- cm, alis subcinereis, costa venisque nigris, pedibus testaceis, tibiis apice tarsisque fuscis. Long. \\ ; alar. 3 Tin. Male. Head black. Antennas black, twenty-jointed, moniliform ; joints successively decreasing in size, their petioles a little longer than the incrassal ed part. Thorax brown, toith three grey stripes ; scutellum> pectus, and abdomen testaceous. Wings greyish, with blackish borders ; costal vein and cubital vein black, the former ending much before the middle of the wing, the latter near the tip. Halteres testaceous. Legs testaceous, long, slender ; tibiaB towards the tips and tarsi brown. Not common. (E.) 19. Cardaminis, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 225. 13 (1853). Nigra, antennis fuscis 1 6-1 7 -articulatis, thorace cinereo nigro-trivittato, scu- tello nonnunquam carneo, alis limpidis violaceo-cyaneo iridescentibus, halteribus abdomineque fulvis, hoc incisuris fuscis, pedibus nigro-fuscis subtus albidis basi argenteo-hirtis. Long. |— f lin. Black. Antennse sixteen- to seventeen-joirited. Wings with blackish- grey down ; veins brown ; costa stout, deep black ; subcostal vein very near the costa ; transverse veinlet pale but distinct, joining by the mid- dle of the subcostal vein ; cubital slightly bent forward at its junction with the veinlet, then somewhat convex on the hind side, straight along its apical third part, joining the costal at some distance from the tip of the wing ; second branch of the anal covered to the hind border. Male. Antennae as long as the body ; petioles of the joints towards the base short, those in the middle one-fourth shorter than the joints. Fern. Antenna? as long as the head and the thorax together; cubital vein straight from the transverse veinlet to the border. Abdomen flesh- colour, with deep black bands on the hind borders of the segments. Oviduct whitish-yellow, elongated, without valves. Lives in the flowers of Cardamine pratensis ; changes to the pnpa state in the earth. 20. Cratsegi, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 228. 15 (1853). Nigra, palpis fusco-flavis, antennis 15—IQ-articulatu, thoracis lateribus meta- thoraceque carneis, alis limpidis nigro-hirtis, costa nigra, halteribus albis, abdomine carneo fasciis nigris, pedibus nigro-fuscis subtus albis. Long, f lin. ; alar. 2 lin. Subcostal and cubital veins blackish-brown ; transverse veinlet pale, situate at the middle of the subcostal vein ; cubital vein bent forward at its junction with the veinlet, afterwards straight or almost curved forward, joining the costal at some distance in front of the tip of the wing ; second branch of the anal curved to the hind border. Male. Antennae sixteen-jointed, rather shorter than the body ; joints and their 84 CECIDOMYZID^E. petioles of almost equal length; last joint generally not petiolated. Fern. Antenna fifteen-jointed, half the length of the body ; joints not close set together, but hardly petiolated. Oviduct elongated, yellow towards the tip, without valves. . Generally distributed. (E.) Lives in the leaf-tufts of Cra- tagns Oxyacantlius and C. coccinea, and assumes the pupa state sometimes there, sometimes in the earth. The shoots in white- thorn hedges very often terminate in tufts or knobs, each of which is tenanted by several of the grubs of this fly. 21. Brassiere, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 231. 18 (1853). Nigra aut nigro-fusca, palpis albidis, antennis 15-articulatis, alis limpidis, costa nigra, basi fidteritwsque carneis, abdomine carneo fasciis dorsalibus ni- gris, pedibus subtus argenteis. Long. |— | lin. Wings with black veins ; subcostal vein very near the costa ; trans- verse veinlet joining the middle of the subcostal vein; cubital vein convex hindward, joining the costa far from the tip of the wing ; se- cond branch of the anal vein curved to the hind border. Halteres flesh-colour. Male. Antennas rather shorter than the body ; joints and 'their petioles of equal length, with long whorls of hairs. Fern. An- tennas with short whorls of hairs, not quite half the length of the body ; joints cylindrical, without petioles. Oviduct elongated, yellow- ish-white, without valves. Lives in the pods of the rape, often from fifty to sixty in one pod, and goes into the earth previous to its metamorphose. 22. Strobi, Kaltenbach, MSS. ; Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 234. 20 (1853). Fusca, antennis 17-19-articulatis, alis limpidis cinereo-hirtis, costa nigro-fusca, Jialteribus albis, ventre argenteo, pedibus piceis sub- tus albo-micantibus. Long. 1-1 -^ lin. Wings with pale brown veins ; transverse veinlet slender and pale, joining the subcostal at two-thirds of its length ; cubital vein a little bent forward at its junction with the veinlet, thence slightly curved hindward, and joining the costal near the tip of the wing ; second branch of the anal vein curved towards the hind border. Male. An- tenna nineteen-jointed, as long as the body ; middle and apical joints and their petioles of equal length. Fern. Antenna seventeen to eigMeen- jointed, half the length of the body ; joints without petioles, but not close-set together. Oviduct elongated, without valves ; second and third joints yellowish-white. Lives in the fallen cones of Pinws Abies. 23. serotina, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 316. 97 (1853). Nigro-fusca, ite palpis antennisque fuscis, his 16-17-articulatis, alis limpidis pilis costaque nigris, lialteribus niveis, abdomine fasciis pilosis nigris, pedibus subtus albo-nitentibus ; Mas, abdomine nonmmquam fulvo ; Fcem. ab- domine carneo. Long. -|-J lin. Subcostal vein near the costa ; transverse veinlet very pale, joining CECIDOMYIA. 85 the middle of the subcostal vein ; cubital vein convex behind, joining the costa at some distance from the tip of the wing ; second branch of the anal vein curved towards the hind border. Male. Antennae sixteen to seventeen-jointed ; as long as the body ; joints as long as their pe- tioles. Abdomen occasionally tawny ; hind borders of the segments with black hairs. Fern. Antennae sixteen-jointed, as long as the head and the thorax together. Abdomen flesh-colour ; hind borders of the segments with black hairs. Oviduct elongated, whitish, without valves. Lives in the tips of the shoots of Hypericum humifusum, and changes to a pupa in the earth. 24. circumdata, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 226. 14 (1853). Fusca, capite flavo, antennis fuscis 13-14-articulatis basi flavis, thoracis late- ribus scutello pectore et metathorax flavis, alis ovatis subfuscescentibus nigro-hirtis, halteribus albidis apice nigro-fuscis, abdominis incisuris basi ventreque flavis, abdomine sordide flavo incisuris albidis, pedibus nigro-fuscis subtus pallidis. Long. \ lin. Veins of the wings blackish-brown ; transverse veinlet very pale and small, joining the middle of the subcostal vein ; cubital vein much bent forward at its junction with the veinlet, beyond which it is slightly curved forward, and ends at hardly in front of the tip of the wing ; second branch of the anal vein forming an obtuse angle, and joining the hind border. Male. Antennas fourteen-jointed, as long as the body ; joints twice the length of their petioles. Fern. Antennae thirteen- jointed, half the length of the body. Oviduct very short, with two small, rounded, whitish valves. Lives in the leaf-tops or tufts of Cratagus Oxyacantha, and changes to the pupa state in the earth. 25. Betulae, Kalt. MSS.; Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 234. 21 (1853). Obscure citrina, antennis fuscis 1%-13-articulatis, thoracis dorso nigro- fusco, alis limpidis ant lacteis, pilis venisque pallidis, halteribus albis, ab- domine nonnunquam fuscescente, pedibus pallide flams. Long, ^j— 1-J^. lin. Wings limpid or whitish ; transverse veinlet filiform, colourless, situate at a little before the middle of the subcostal vein ; cubital vein almost straight, but slightly curved hindward towards the tip, which joins the costa near the tip of the wing ; second branch of the anal vein curved towards the hind border. Male. Antenna twelve- to thirteen -jointed, rather more than half the length of the body ; joints longer by half than their petioles ; apical joint with a very short petiole. Fern. An- tenna twelve-jointed, one-third of the length of the body ; joints sessile. Oviduct moderately long, without valves ; third segment white. Appears in March, April, or May, having lived through the winter in the preceding year/s female catkins of Betula alba. 26. Galeobdolontis, Kaltenbach, MSS. ; Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 238. 25 (1853). Fcem. pallide flava, antennis fuscis \§-articulatis, 86 CECIDOMYZID^. basi flavis, thoracis disco pallide fusco, alls limpidis, costa nigro-fusca, venis fuscis, halteribus albidis, abdominis segmentorum marginibus pos- ticis fusco-pilosis, pedibus pallide fuscis subtus albo-flavis. Long, f lin. Fern. Pale yellow, or whitish. Antenna sixteen -jointed, half the length of the body. Wrings limpid, with grey pubescence ; subcostal vein near the costa ; transverse veinlet pale, but distinct, joining the middle of the subcostal vein ; cubital almost straight from its junction with the veinlet to its tip, which joins the costa at some little distance from the tip of the wing ; second branch of the anal vein curved to the hind border. Oviduct elongated, whitish-yellow, without valves. Lives in the thickened, almost subterraneous stalks of Galeob- dolon luteum. 27. obfuscata, Meig. Zw. i. 90. 5 (1818). Testacea, capite an- tennisque nigris, thoracis disco fusco, alls hyalinis cinereo-pubescentibus, costa venaque cubitali nigricantibus, tibiis tarsisque fusco fasciatis. Long. i-£ ; alar. li-2 lin. Testaceous. Head and antennae black. Disc of the thorax brown. Wings hyaline, with grey pubescence; costa and cubital vein blackish. Legs with whitish reflections ; tibiae and tarsi with brown bands. Male. Joints of the antennas petiolated. Fern. Joints of the antennae sessile. Not rare. (E.) The larva has been observed by M. Kalteri- bach to feed on the thistle. Meigen includes this species with. Lasioptera, but it seems to be nearer allied to Cecidomym. 28. Galii, Winn. MSS. ; Loew, Pr. Pos. Gymn. 37. 43 (1850) ; Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 235. 22 (1853). Flava, capite nigro-cinereo, antice palpisque sordide flavis, antennis pallide fuscis 16-17-articulatis, thorace vittis tribus nigro-fuscis, pectore nigricante, alis amplis limpidis, costa venisque nigris, halteribus fuscis basi flavis, abdomine fulvo fasciis nigris, pedibus fuscis subtus albidis. Long, -f- lin. Wings limpid ; transverse veinlet pale, situate at before the middle of the subcostal vein ; cubital vein curved hindward, joining the costa at a moderate distance from the tip of the wing. Male. Antennae seventeen-jointed, rather shorter than the body ; joints and their peti- oles of equal length ; second branch of the anal vein curved towards the hind border. Fern. Antennae sixteen- to seventeen-jointed, half the length of the body ; second branch of the anal vein forming an obtuse angle. Oviduct long, yellow, without valves. Lives in the blister-like galls of the deformed flower-stalks of Galium uliginosum and G. Mollugo, and enters the earth for its transformation. 29. pratorum, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 237. 23 (1853). Fcem. fulva, antennis 15-articulatis, thorace fusco-trivittato, alis flavescentibus, venis fuscescentibus, costa nigro-fusca, halteribus albis, pedibus pallide flavescentibus (in mortuis subpiceis). Long. -| lin. Fern. Tawny. Antennae brownish -yellow, fifteen -jointed, half the CECIDOMYIA. 87 length of the body. Thorax with three brown stripes, clothed like the abdomen with gilded hairs. Wrings yellowish, with grey pubescence ; transverse veinlet very slender, joining the middle of the subcostal vein ; cubital vein bent forward at its junction with the veinlet, curved hindward, joining the costa at some distance from the tip of the wing ; second branch of the anal vein curved to the hind border. Halteres white. Oviduct elongated, tawny, without valves ; last segment yel- low. Legs pale yellowish. Habits unknown. 30. Veronicse, Bremi, Beitr. neue Denkschrift. etc. 49. 6 (1847) ; Loew; Winn. Fulva, antennis fuscis basi flavis 15-16-articulatis, thorace fusco-trivittato, pectore nigricante, alls subfuscescentibus mar- gine nigro, veuis nigro-fuscis, halteribus albis, abdomine fasciis nigri- cantibus, vent re albo-hirto, pedibus nigro-fuscis subtus albis, femoribus basi flavis. Long, -f- lin. Wings brownish ; transverse veinlet very pale, indistinct ; cubital vein bent forward at its junction with the veinlet, slightly convex hind- ward from thence, and joining the costa at some distance from the tip of the wing ; second branch of the anal vein curved to the hind border. Male. Antennae fifteen- to sixteen-jointed, as long as the body ; joints as long as their petioles, and towards the base rather longer. Fein. Antennae fifteen-jointed, half the length of the body. Oviduct yellow, almost as long as the body, without valves ; first segment tawny, occa- sionally with a brown tip or wholly brown. Lives in the barren shoots of Veronica Chamadrys, fastening the leaves together, and forming a thickly hairy pouch, in which it changes to the fly state. 31. so data, n. Fcem. fulva, antennis nigris, alls sublimpidis, costa venaque cubitali nigris, halteribus albidis, abdomine testaceo, pedibus testaceis, tibiis tarsisguefusco-fasdatis. Long. |-; alar. 1^ lin. Fern. Tawny. Antennae black ; joints sessile. Wings nearly limpid., pubescent, ciliated; costa and cubital vein black. Halteres whitish. Abdomen testaceous. Legs pale testaceous ; tibiae and tarsi with brown bands. Hare. In the British Museum. (E.) 32. discolor, n. Mas, sordide testacea, capite antennisque nigris, articulorum petiolis testaceis, alls subdnereis, venis pallide fuscis, pedi- bus pallide testaceis, tarsisfuscescentibus. Long. -| ; alar. 2 lin. Male. Dingy testaceous. Head black. Antenna black, moniliform ; petioles of the joints testaceous, a little longer than the incrassated part, Wings greyish; veins pale brown. Legs pale testaceous, long, slender ; tarsi brownish. Not common. (E.) 33. decolor at a, n. Foem. pallide testacea, capite antenuisque ni- gricantibus, alls subdnereis, venis fuscis, pedibus albido-testaceis, tarsi* fuscescentibus. Long-. %; alar. 2 liri. 88 CECIDOMYZID.E. Fern. Pale testaceous. Head and antennae blackish. Wings slightly greyish; veins brown. Legs whitish testaceous, slender; tarsi brownish. Not common. (E.) 34. tecta, n. Foem. testacea, capite antennisque nigris, his cor- pore multo brevioribus, articulis cylindricis, alis latis cinereis, venis ni- gris, abdomine piceo, pedibus validis. Long. 1 ; alar. 2 lin. Fern. Testaceous. Head and antennae black. Antennae eleven- jointed, verticillate- pilose, testaceous at the base, much shorter than the body ; joints double, nearly cylindrical, about twice the length of their petioles. Wings broad, grey, pubescent, ciliated all round the border ; veins black ; subcostal vein little more than one-third of the length of the wing ; cubital hardly curved ; subanal very distinct ; first branch of the anal slight, apparently united with the subanal ; second branch curved very abruptly and hardly obliquely to the hind border. Abdomen piceous. Legs stout, pubescent, not long. Rare. (E.) 35. Ulmarise, Bremi, Denskschr. Schw. Ges. Naturw. 52. 9 (1847); Hardy ; Loew ; Whin. Fusco-flava, capite flavo, vertice nigricante, an- tennis fuscis 16-articulatis basi flavis, thorace vittis tribus nigro-fmcis, alis subfuscescentibus, venis pilis margineque nigricantibus, halteribus fiavescentibus capitulo fusco, abdomine rufo-flavo fasciis nigro-pilosis, pedibus nigro-fuscis subtus albicantibus. Long. -|— | ; alar, f-li lin. Brownish-yellow. Head yellow ; vertex blackish. Antennae brown, with sixteen joints, yellow at the base. Thorax with three blackish- brown stripes. Wings slightly brown, with the veins, hairs, and borders blackish ; transverse veinlet very pale, indistinct, joining the middle of the subcostal vein ; cubital vein somewhat bent forward at its junction with the veinlet, slightly convex in front nearer its tip, joining the costa far from the tip of the wing ; second branch of the anal vein curved to the hind border. Halteres yellowish, with brown knobs. Abdomen tawny, with bands of black hairs. Legs blackish-brown, whitish be- neath. Male. Antennae as long as the body ; joints as long as their petioles, rather longer towards the base. Fern. Antennae half the length of the body; joints with very short but distinct petioles. Oviduct whitish-yellow, elongated, without valves ; first segment tawny. Lives in wart-like galls on the leaves of Spiraa Ulmaria. The fly appears in the middle of August. (E. S.) 36. basalis, n. Foem. ferruginea, capite nigro, antennis testaceis apice fuscescentibus, alis subfuscescentibus, halteribus pedibusque pallide testaceis, abdomine testaceo basi nigro. Long. ± ; alar. 1 lin. Fern. Ferruginous. Head black. Antennae testaceous, submonili- form, brownish towards the tips; joints slightly petiolated. Wings very slightly brownish ; veins pale. Halteres pale testaceous. Abdo- men testaceous, black towards the base. Legs pale testaceous. Not common. (E.) x CECIDOMYIA. 89 37. bursaria, Bremi, Denkschr. Schw. Ges. Naturw. 51. 10 (1847) ; Winn. Fcem. flava, vertice thoracisque vittis nigris, antennis fuscis 18-articulatis basi flavis, alls subcinereis margine (costali prsesertim) nigro, halteribus fuscis basi flavis, abdomine e pilis nigris fasciato, pedibus nigro-fuscis subtus flavis. Long. 1 lin. Yellow. Antenna brown ; joints about four times the length of their petioles. Thorax with three contiguous shining black stripes. Wings greyish, with blackish-grey pubescence ; veins dark brown ; transverse veinlet very slender and pale, joining the middle of the subcostal vein ; cubital vein at first straight, afterwards convex forwards, joining the costa at a moderate distance from the tip of the wing ; second branch of the anal vein slightly curved between its base and the hind border. Oviduct elongated, yellow, without valves. Lives in the pyramidal hairy galls on the upper sides of the leaves of Glechoma hederacea. 38. Urticse, Ferris, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. ix. 401 (1840); Loew; Winn. Fulva, capite flavo, antennis fuscis 16-18-articulatis basi flavis, thorace vittis tribm nigro-fuscis, alls fere limpidis margine (costali pra?- sertim) nigro, halteribus fuscis basi flavis, abdomine sordide flavo e pilis nigris fasciato, pedibus nigris, femoribus basi coxisque flavis. Long. l-f lin- Tawny. Head yellow. Antenna brown, yellow at the base. Thorax with three blackish-brown stripes. Wings almost limpid; the borders (especially the costal) black; veins brown; transverse veinlet slight, very pale, joining the middle of the subcostal vein ; cubital vein bent upward at its junction with the veinlet, joining the costa far from the tip of the wing ; second branch of the anal vein joining the hind border, arid forming an obtuse angle. Halteres brown, yellow at the base. Abdomen dingy yellow, with borders of black hairs. Legs black; femora at the base and coxa? yellow. Lives from June to October in the galls on the leaves and leaf- stalks of Urtica dioica ; changes to a pupa in the earth. 39. Pyri, Bouche; Loew; Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 242. 29 (1853). Nigro-fusca, palpis fusco-flavis, antennis fuscis 15-16-articulatis, alia limpidis, pilis nigro-cinereis, costa nigra, halteribus fuscis, abdomine carneo fusco-fasciato, pedibus piceis subtus albo-nitentibus. Long. \— 1 lin. Blackish-brotvn. Wings limpid ; subcostal and cubital veins black ; transverse veinlet large, rather pale, but distinct, joining the middle of the subcostal vein ; cubital vein slightly curved in the middle, straight from thence to the tip, which joins the costa at some distance from the tip of the wing ; second branch of the anal vein curved to the hind border. Male, Antenna? most generally sixteen-jointed, as long as the body; joints and their petioles of equal length. Few. Antenna? most generally fifteen-jointed, rather more than one-third of the length of the VOL. IV. N 90 CECIDOMYZID.E. body ; joints with very short petioles. Oviduct elongated, whitish-yel- low, without valves ; first segment dingy yellowish-brown. Lives in the rolled-up borders of the leaves of young pear-trees, and has its metamorphose in the earth. 40. Saliceti, Winn. MSS. ; Loew, Pr. Pos. Gymn. 37. 44 (1850) ; Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 244. 30 (1853). Flava, antennis fuscis 12-15- articulatis, tJiorace fusco-trivittato, alls subcinereis margine nigro, hal- teribus flavo-fuscis, pedibus nigro-fuscis subtus albo-nitentibus. Long. i-f lin- Subcostal and cubital veins black; subcostal vein very near the costal, and apparently united with it ; transverse veinlet pale, but dis- tinct, joining the middle of the subcostal vein ; cubital vein bent forward at its junction with the veinlet, convex hind ward beyond, joining the costa at some distance from the tip of the wing ; anal vein brown ; its second branch curved to the hind border. Male. Antennae twelve- to thirteen-jointed, about half the length of the body ; joints almost cylindrical.- Fern. Antennas fourteen- to fifteen-jointed, half the length of the body ; joints cylindrical. Oviduct yellow, elongated, very slender, without valves. Lives with the larvae of C. terminalis in the tips of the twigs of Salixfragilis; changes in the earth. 41. pavida, Winn. Linn. Erit. viii. 245. 31 (1853). Fulva, capite postico nigro-fusco, antennis nigris 14-15-articulatis basi flavis, thorace vittis tribus niyro-fmcis, alis limpidis, abdominis segmentorum margini- bus posticis pallicie fuscis, pedibus nigro-fuscis subtus albo-nitentibus. Long. I lin. Wings with black pubescence and veins; transverse veinlet pale, joining the subcostal a little before its middle; cubital vein convex hindward, straight beyond, joining the costa far from the tip of the wing ; second branch of the anal vein curved to the hind border. Male. Antennae fourteen-jointed, one-third of the length of the body ; joints cylindrical, sessile, with short grey whorls of hairs. Fern. Antenna fifteen -jointed, rather shorter than the head and the thorax together. Oviduct whitish-yellow, elongated, without valves. Lives with C. acrophila, Winn., in the deformed borders of the topmost leaves of Fraxinus excelsior ; changes to the pupa state in the earth. 42. cinctipes, n. Mas, testacea, capite nigro, antennis nigris basi testaceis, alis limpidis, venis fuscescentibus, tibiis tarsisque fusco-fas- ciatis. Long, f ; alar. 2 lin. Male. Testaceous. Head mostly black. Antennas black, submonili- forai, testaceous at the base; joints not petiolated. Wings limpid; veins brownish. Legs slender ; tibiae and tarsi with pale brown bands ; subcostal vein ending at a little beyond the middle of the costa ; cubi- tal ending at about five-sixths of the length. CECIDOMYIA. 91 Not common. (E.) 43. testacea, n. Mas, testacea, capite nigro, antennis fuscis basi testaceis, alls limpidis, venis tarsisquefuscescentibus. Long, f-2 lin. Testaceous. Head mostly black. Antenna brown, testaceous at the base. Wings limpid; veins brownish. Legs slender; tarsi brownish. Not common. (E.) The following species also belong to this subgenus, and pro- bably inhabit Britain : — C. Artemisia, Bouche ; Loew. Inhabits round knobs on the tips of the shoots of Artemisia campestris. C. tubifex, Bouche; Loew. Lives in the flowers of Artemisia cam- pestris. C. foliorura, Scholtz ; Loew. Lives in small galls on the leaves of Artemisia vulgaris. C. Lithospermi, Loew. On the tops of the shoots of Lithospermum officinale. C. plicatrix, Loew. In the curled leaves of Rubus ctesius. C. Millefolii, Loew. In galls on AcJdllea Millefolium. C. BryoniaB, Bouche. In the tips of the shoots of Bryonia alba. C. Syngenesire, Loew. In the flowers of Chrysanthemum inodorum and Anthemis arvensis. Also — C. destructor, Say. The Hessian Fly, which infests the stalks of wheat. 44. signata, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 246. 32 (1853). Nigro-fusca, proboscide, palpis scutelloque fulvis, antennis fuscis, pedibus nigris subtus albis, tarsis albis nigro-cinctis ; Mas, antennis corpore paullo longioribus, pectoris lateribus fuscis, alis limpidis, halteribus albis, ab- domine ferrugineo ; Fcem. antennis corporis dimidio non longioribus, pec- toris lateribus halteribus abdomineque carneis, alis subcinereis, oviductu. corpore vix breviore lamellis nullis. Long, f lin. Wings with dark grey pubescence ; veins brown ; transverse veinlet pale, indistinct, a little before the middle of the subcostal vein. Male. Antennae twenty-six-jointed ; joints rather longer than the petioles; second branch of the anal vein forming an almost right angle. Fern. Joints of the antenna twice the length of their petioles ; anal vein and its second branch forming a more obtuse angle than in the male. Oviduct almost as long as the body, without valves. Lives in the dead young twigs of Pinus sylvestris. 45. latibulorum, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 246. 33 (1853). Nigro- fusca, facie cinerea, palpis albidis, antennis fuscis, pectoris lateribus scutello et metathorace fulvis, alis subcinereis, venis fuscis, halteribus albis, pedibus flavis, tarsis fuscis, tibiis nonnuuquam pallide fuscis ; Mas, antennis corpore duplo longioribus, abdomine fusco ; Fcem. antennis corpore aqiialibus, abdomine fulvo. Long. \ lin. Wings with dark grey pubescence ; veins brown ; transverse veinlet 92 CECIDOMYZID^. pale in some cases, brown in others, at a little beyond the middle of the subcostal vein ; second branch of the anal vein forming a rounded angle. Male. Antenna twenty-six-jointed; joints rather shorter than their petioles. Fern. Joints of the antennae rather longer than their pe- tioles. Oviduct very short, with two little somewhat rounded valves. Habits unknown. 46. mutabilis, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 248. 34 (1853). Fcem. fusca, capite palpis humeris et pectoris lateribus flavis, antennis corporis longitudine, thorace nigro-trimttato, pectore nigricante, alls subfuscescen- tibus, venis fuscis, halteribus abdomineque fulvis, hoc basi nigricante, oviductu brevi lamellis duabus rotundatis, femoribus nigris subtus albo- flavis. Long. -| lin. Fern. Brown. Head, palpi, shoulders, and sides of the pectus yellow. Antennas as long as the body, yellow at the base ; joints longer by half than their petioles. Thorax with three black stripes. Pectus blackish. Wings slightly brownish, with blackish-grey pubescence; transverse veinlet at a little beyond the subcostal vein ; anal vein and its second branch forming an obtuse angle. Halteres tawny. Abdomen tawny, with grey hairs ; first, second, and third segments occasionally blackish. Oviduct short, with two rounded valves. Habits unknown. 47. sylvatica, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 249. 35 (1853). Fcem. nigra, capite thoracis lateribus abdomineque fulvis, hoc fasciis nigris, palpis halteribusque pallidis, thorace e pilis flavescentibus bivittato, alts limpidis, venis fuscis, oviductu corporis longitudine lamellis nullis, pedi- bus fuscis. Long, f lin. Fern. Black. Head, sides of the thorax, and abdomen tawny. Palpi pale. Antennae blackish-brown, half the length of the body ; joints about five times the length of their petioles. Thorax with two stripes of yellowish hairs. Wings limpid, deeply ciliated ; veins brown ; trans- verse veinlet joining the middle of the subcostal vein ; second branch of the anal vein curved to the hind border. Halteres pale. Abdomen with black bands. Oviduct as long as the body, without valves. Legs brown. Habits unknown. 48. Polypori, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 249. 36 (1853). Flavo- fusca, capite proboscide palpisque flavo-albis, antennis fuscis basi albis, thoracis lateribus pectore halteribusque fulvis, alis subcinereis, abdomine rufo, femoribus fulvis, tibiis flavis, tarsis fuscis ; Mas, antenuis corpore duplo longioribus, alis subcinereis ; Fcem. antennis corpore vix longio- ribus, oviductu brevi lamellis duabus parvis flavescentibus, alis sub- flavescentibus. Long, -f- lin. Wings with black pubescence; veins blackish, or dark brown; transverse veinlet joining the middle of the subcostal vein ; anal vein and its second branch forming an obtuse angle. Male. Antennae twice CECIDOMYIA. 93 the length of the body ; double joints as long as the petioles. Fern. Antennae rather longer than the body ; petioles one-fourth shorter than the joints. Oviduct short, with two small yellowish valves. Lives in most species of Polyporus. 49. socialis, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 251. 38 (1853). Foem. flava, antennis pallide fuscis, thorace mttis iribus fuscis, alis subcinereis, venis pallide fuscis, oviductu brevissimo lamellis duabus rotundatis. Long. -| lin. Fern. Yellow. Antennas pale brown, as long as the body ; joints and their petioles of equal length. Thorax with three brown stripes. Wings greyish, with grey pubescence; veins pale brown; transverse veinlet joining the middle of the subcostal vein ; cubital vein ending at almost in front of the tip of the wing ; second branch of the anal vein curved to the hind border. Oviduct very short, with two rounded valves. Lives in the woody excrescences on the branches of most species of Rubus, with the larvae of Lasioptera Rubi. 50. brevis, n. Mas, testacea, brevis, capite nigro, antennis va- lidis, articulorum petiolis brevissimis, thoracis disco fnscescente, alis sub- cinereis, halteribus albidis, pedibus validis testaceis. Long. J ; alar. 2 lin. Male. Testaceous, short. Head black. Antenna twelve-jointed, stout, submoniliform, verticillate-pilose ; joints double, elongate, sub- cylindrical, with extremely short petioles. Disc of the thorax brownish. Wings hardly greyish, ciliated ; veins pale testaceous ; subcostal much less than half the length of the wing ; cubital almost straight ; sub- anal not apparent beyond the fork of the anal ; first branch of the anal distinct, slightly curved ; second branch curved obliquely and rather abruptly to the border. Halteres whitish. Legs pale testaceous, rather short and stout. Eare. (E.) 51. minuta, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 250. 37 (1853). Mas, ru- fescente-flava, antennis fuscis corpora duplo longioribus basi flavis, thorace mttis tribus fuscis, pectore nigricaute, alis limpidis, venis fuscis, halteribus albis, pedibus fuscis subtus pallidis. Long. ~ lin. Male. Keddish-yelknv, with hoary hairs. Antenna brown, yellow at the base, twice the length of the body. Thorax with three almost con- tiguous brown stripes. Pectus blackish. Wings limpid, with blackish- grey pubescence ; veins slender, brown ; transverse veinlet beyond the middle of the subcostal vein ; cubital vein straight, slightly curved hindward near the tip, ending at almost in front of the tip of the wing. Halteres white. Legs brownish, pale beneath. Habits unknown. 52. geniculata, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 251. 39 (1853). Mas, flava, antennis fuscis corpora fere duplo longioribus, thorace fusco-tri- vittato, alis limpidis, venis fuscis, abdomiue navo-fusco incisuris albidis, 94 CECIDOMYZIDyE. pedibus nigris, coxis, genubus,femoribus basi tibiisque a/pice flam*. Long. £ lin. Male. Yellow. Antennae brown, nearly twice the length of the body ; joints as long as their petioles, rather snorter towards the tips of the antennae. Thorax with three almost contiguous broicn stripes. Wings limpid, with grey pubescence ; veins brownish ; transverse veinlet joining the middle of the subcostal vein ; anal vein curved to the hind border. Abdomen yellowish-brown, with whitish sutures. Legs black; coxae, femora at the base, knees, and tips of the tibice yellow. Habits unknown. 53. peregrina, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 252. 40 (1853). Mas, flava, an tennis fuscis basi flavis corpore duplo longioribus, thorace vittis tribus fuscis, alis limpidis, venis fuscis, halteribus pedibuscp\Q pallidis, tarsis pallide fuscis. Long. •§- lin. Male. Yellow. Antennae brown, yellow at the base, twice the length of the body ; petioles us long as the double joints towards the tips of the antennae, the apical petioles even longer. Thorax with three brown stripes. Wings limpid, with dark grey pubescence ; veins brown ; mar- gins stout, blackish-brown; transverse veinlet at beyond the middle of the subcostal vein. Halteres and legs pale ; tarsi brownish. Lives in galls on the leaves of Prunus spinosa and Salix aurita, and generally changes in the earth ; those galls also produce Acari. 54. nana, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 252. 41 (1853). Flava, antennis pallide fuscis, thorace vittis tribus fuscis, alis limpidis, venis fuscis, pe- dibus pallide fuscis, tarsis obscurioribus ; Mas, antennis corpore duplo longioribus ; Foem. antennis corpore vix brevioribus, abdomine fulvo, oviductu brevi lamellis duabus rotundatis. Long, i lin. Wings with grey pubescence ; veins brown, very slender ; transverse veinlet at two-thirds of the length of the subcostal vein ; second branch of the anal vein curved to the hind border. Legs pale brown ; tarsi darker. Male. Antennae twice the length of the body ; joints as long as their petioles ; double joints twice the length of the single joints. Fern. Antenna3 almost as long as the body ; joints longer by half than their petioles. Abdomen tawny. Oviduct short, with two rounded valves. Habits unknown. 55. tibialis, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 253. 42 (1853). Mas, pallide flava, antennis fuscis corpore duplo longioribus, alis limpidis, venis nigris, halteribus albis, abdomine fulvo, pedibus albidis, femoribus tar- sisque supra nigro-fuscis. Long. ^ lin. Male. Pale yellow. Antennae brown, twenty-six-jointed, twice the length of the body ; double joints as long as their petioles. Thorax with whitish hairs, among which are a few black bristles. Wings limpid, with black pubescence ; veins black ; transverse veinlet beyond the middle of the subcostal vein ; second branch of the anal vein curved CECIDOMYIA. 95 to the hind border. Halteres white. Abdomen tawny, with hoary hairs. Legs whitish ; femora and tarsi blackish-brown above. Lives in the withered top-buds of Salix alba, in which the larvae of C. salicina also dwell. 56. fascipennis, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 254. 43 (1853). Fulva, antennis pallide fuscis basi flavis, thorace vittis tribus abbreviatis fuscis, alls limpidis, fascia angulosa violaceo-fusca, venis fuscis, pedibus pallid is, tarsis apice fuscescentibus; Mas, antennis corpore longioribus; Fcem. an- tennis corpore brevioribus, oviductu brevi lamellis ovatis. Long. ^ lin. Tawny. Wings whitish-limpid, with a zigzag violet-brown band; trans- verse veinlet pale, distinct, joining the middle of the subcostal vein ; anal vein and its second branch forming an obtuse angle. Male. An- tennae longer by half than the body ; joints and their petioles equally long. Fern. Antennae three-fourths of the length of the body ; joints not twice the length of their petioles. Oviduct short, with oval valves. Lives in decayed wood. 57. pulchella, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 254. 44 (1853). Flava, antennis fuscis basi albidis, thorace vittis tribus fuscis, lateribus pec- toreque nigricantibus, alls limpidis fascia maculaque apicali violaceo- fuscis, venis fuscis, halteribus albis, pedibus albidis, tarsis basi et ar- ticulis apice fuscis ; Mas, antennis corpore multo longioribus ; Fcem. antennis corpore paullo brevioribus, oviductu brevi lamellis duabus ovatis. Long. ± h'n. Fellow. Wings limpid, with a band and apical spot of a violet-brown colour ; transverse veinlet beyond the middle of the subcostal vein. Male. Antennas longer by half than the body ; double joints as long as their petioles ; simple joints half the length of their petioles. Fern. Antennse a little shorter than the body ; joints as long as their petioles, rather shorter towards the base of the antennae. Oviduct short, with two oval valves. Lives in decayed beech- wood. 58. callida, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 255. 45 (1853). Fulva, an- tennis fuscis basi flavis, thorace vittis tribus nigro-fuscis, pectore nigri- cante, alis infuscatis, venis fuscis, halteribus albis, pedibus fuscis ; Mas, antennis corpore duplo longioribus ; Foem. antennis corpore paullo bre- vioribus, abdomine carneo, oviductu brevi, lamellis duabus longi-ovatis. Long. i-f lin. Tawny. Wings clouded with brown; pubescence black; transverse veinlet very pale, at beyond the middle of the subcostal vein. Male. Antennas twice the length of the body ; double joints as long as their petioles ; single joints half the length of their petioles. Fern. Antennae shorter than the body by one-fourth ; joints and their petioles of equal length. Oviduct short, with two elongated oval valves. Very nearly allied to C. Anthemidis, Loew. Lives in the seed- capsules of Palaver Rhceas and P. duUum with C. Papaveris. 96 CECIDOMYZID^E. 59. arcuata, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 256. 46 (1853). Fusca, an- tennis basi flavis, scutello flavo, metathorace nigro, alis limpidis cinereo subvariis, maculis duabus arcuatis violaceo-fuscis, halteribus albis, abdo- mine fulvo iucisuris albis, tarsis nigro-fuscis ; Mas, antennis corpore lon- gioribus ; Fcem. antennis corporis longitudine, oviductu brevi lamellis duabus longi-ovatis. Long. \— f lin. Brown. Wings limpid, slightly clouded with grey, and with two curved violet-brown spots ; veins brown ; transverse veinlet at a little beyond the middle of the subcostal vein. Male. Antennae twenty-six jointed, one-third longer than the body ; double joints as long as their petioles ; single joints a little shorter. Fem. Antennae as long as the body ; joints a little longer than their petioles. Oviduct short, with two elon- gated oval valves. Lives in the pulp of most Syngenesious plants ; the fly has been reared from decayed wood and fungi. 60. maculata, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 258. 47 (1853). Fcem. carnea, palpis, antennis pedibusque albidis, antennis 14-articulatis corpore paullo brevioribus, thorace fuscescente, alis limpidis maculis septem violaceo-fuscis, oviductu brevisshno lamellis duabus longiusculis. Long. J- lin. Fem. Flesh-colour. Palpi and antennae whitish, fourteen-jointed, a little shorter than the body ; joints and their petioles of about equal length. Thorax brownish. Wings limpid, with seven violet-brown spots; transverse veinlet at a little beyond half the length of the sub- costal vein ; second branch of the anal vein curved to the hind border. Oviduct veiy short, with two rather long valves. Legs whitish ; tarsi above and tips of the tibiae brown. Habits unknown. 61. nubeculosa, n. Mas, albido-cinerea, capite antennisque nigris, thoracis disco fusco, alis subcinereis fusco subnebulosis, venis nigris, hal- teribus albidis, pedibus pallide testaceis fusco-subfasciatis. Long, f ; alar. 2 lin. Male. Whitish-cinereous. Head and antennae black. Antennae twenty-two-jointed, moniliform, thickly verticillate-pilose, full as long- as the body ; joints alternately larger and smaller, with extremely short petioles. I)isc of the thorax brown. Wings pale greyish, slightly mottled with pale brown ; veins black ; subcostal vein much less than half the length of the wing; cubital very slightly curved; subanal distinct, almost straight ; first branch of the anal slight, running very near to the subanal ; second branch curved very abruptly and hardly obliquely to the hind border. Halteres whitish. Legs pale testaceous, slender, not long, with a few light brownish bands. Not common. (E.) 62. plagiata, n. Mas, pallide testacea, capite nigro, antennis ni- gricantibus basi pallide testaceis corpore vix brevioribus, alis subtes- CECIDOMYIA. 97 taceis dnereo-nebulosis, pedibus mediocriter longis, fasciis latis pallide fuscis. Long. -| ; alar, li lin. Male. Pale testaceous. Head black. Antennae blackish, pale tes- taceous at the base, raoniliforra, verticillate-pilose, nearly as long as the body ; joints simple, nearly oval, rather longer than their petioles. Wings with a slight testaceous tinge, mottled with grey ; veins testaceous ; subcostal vein a little less than half the length of the wing ; cubital straight; subanal indistinct; first branch of the anal slight; second branch curved obliquely but abruptly to the hind border. Legs slender, moderately long, with broad, pale brown bands. Not common. (E.) 63. decora, n. Mas, albida, capite nigro, antennis nigricantibus basi albis, alis albis fusco-bifasciatis, venis halteribus pedibusque albis. Long. \ ; alar, li lin. Male. Whitish. Head black. Antennae blackish, white at the base, twelve-jointed?, monilifonn, verticillate-pilose, not shorter than the body; joints simple, nearly oval, longer than their petioles. Wings white, with two brown bands, which are paler towards the hind border ; veins and halteres white. Legs white, slender, moderately long. Eare. Found near Chepstow, Monmouthshire. (E.) 64. Loti, Deg. Ins. vi. 157. 29. PL 27 (1778); Meig. ; Mcq. ; Bremi; Loew ; Winn. Nigro-fusca, antennis fuscis, thorace e pilis albo-flavis bivittato, scutello albo-Jtavo, alis limpidis, halteribus albidis, ventre sordide flavo fusco-notato, pedibus piceis subtus albidis ; Mas, an- tennis corpore paullo longioribus ; Fcem. antennis corpore brevioribus, oviductu corpore longiore basi nigro nitido, lamellis nullis. Long. -|— J lin. Wings with dark grey pubescence ; veins brown ; transverse veinlet at a little before the middle of the subcostal vein ; second branch of the anal vein curved to the hind border. Male. Antennae a little longer than the body ; joints mostly cylindrical, as long as their petioles. Few. Antennae two-thirds of the length of the body ; third joint longer by half than the fourth ; joints about six times the length of their petioles. Oviduct black, shining, longer than the body ; third segment yellow, without valves. Lives in the blossoms of Lotus corniculatus and of Medicago sativa ; generally changes to a pupa in the earth. 65. Linariae, Kaltenbach, MSS. ; Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 260. 49 (1853). Flava, antennis fuscescente-flavis, thoracis disco fuscescente aut vittis tribus fuscis, alis limpidis, venis flavis, halteribus albis, ab- domine sordide fusco-flavo, pedibus fuscescentibus subtus albo-flavidis ; Mas, antennis 26-articulatis, corpore multo longioribus ; Fcem. anten- nis 14-articulatis, corpore paullo brevioribus, oviductu producto lamellis nullis. Long. i--f lin. Yellow. Disc of the thorax brown. Wings with whitish pubescence ; VOL. iv. o 98 CECIDOMYZID^E. transverse veinlet at beyoiid the middle of the subcostal vein ; second branch of the anal vein with a short curve to the hind border. Male. Antennae twenty-six-jointed, longer by half than the body ; petioles towards the base rather longer than. the joints, nearly twice their length towards the tips. Fern. Antennas fourteen-joirited, full three-fourths of the length of the body ; joints about the middle part about four times the length of their petioles. Oviduct elongated, without valves ; third segment whitish. Lives and assumes the pupa state in the tufts on the tips of the buds of Linaria vulgaris. 66. flava, Meig. Zw. i. 99. 17 (ISlfy.—hilarella? Zett. Mas, flava, capite nigro, antennis nigris aut fuscis, corporis longitudirie, alis albido-limpidis, venis pedibusque pallide tiavis, halteribus albis. Long. 1 ; alar. 3 lin. Male. Yellow. Head black. Antennas black or brownish, sixteen- jointed, moniliform, verticillate-pilose, as long as the body ; joints ob- conical, alternately longer and shorter, not longer than their petioles, which are pale yellow. Wings nearly limpid, slightly whitish ; veins pale yellow; subcostal vein rather less than half the length of the wing; cubital slightly curved ; subanal almost obsolete ; first branch of the anal distinct ; second branch curved obliquely and not abruptly to the hind border. Halteres white. Legs pale yellow, long, slender. Not rare. (E. I.) 67. abrupta, n. Mas, fitsca, antennis nigris corpore vix brevi- oribus, articulorum petiolis brevissimis, scutello albido, alis sublimpidis, venis halteribusque albidis, abdomine pedibusque pallide testaceis. Long. li ; alar. 3i lin. Male. Brown. Antennae black, twelve-jointed ?, moniliform, verticil- late-pilose, nearly as long as the body ; joints elliptical, with extremely short petioles. Scutellum wldtisli. Wings nearly limpid ; veins whitish ; subcostal vein less than half the length of the wing ; cubital slightly curved ; subanal distinct, nearly straight ; first branch of the anal ob- solete, except at its base ; second branch curved abruptly and slightly obliquely to the hind border. Halteres whitish. Abdomen and legs pale testaceous. Legs moderately long and slender. Bare. (E.) 68. concolor, n. Mas, nigra, antennis corporis longitudine, alis sublimpidis, venis pallide fuscis, halteribus albis, pedibus testaceis. Long. 1|~2 ; alar. 3^-4 lin. Male. Black. Antennas twenty-jointed, moniliform, verticillate-pi- lose, as long as the body ; joints simple, elliptical, the incrassated part longer than the petiole. Wings nearly limpid, not ciliated ; veins pale brown ; subcostal vein half the length of the wing ; cubital straight, ending at the tip of the wing ; subanal almost obsolete ; first branch of the anal slight but distinct ; second branch curved very abruptly to CECIDOMYIA. 99 the hind border, forming a nearly right angle. Halteres white. Legs dull testaceous, long, slender. Bare. (E.) 69. albiceps, n. Mas, jlava, capite niveo, an tennis nigris basi flavis, alis lirapidis, venis pallide flavis, abdomine pedib usque albidis. Long. 1£ ; alar. 4 lin. Fellow. Head snow white. Antennae twelve-jointed?, black, pale yellow at the base, moniliform, verticillate-pilose, rather shorter than the body ; joints simple, subelliptical, about twice the length of their petioles. Wings limpid ; veins pale yellow ; subcostal vein less than half the length of the body; cubital slightly curved; subanal indis- tinct ; first branch of the anal distinct ; second branch curved abruptly and slightly obliquely to the hind border. Abdomen and legs whitish, the latter long and slender. Bare. (E.) 70. elegans, n. Fcem. testacea, capite antennisque fuscis, his cor- pore multo brevioribus, articulis cylindricis, alis limpidis, venis testaceis, halteribus albidis, pedibus pallide testaceis, tarsis posticis albis. Long. 1£ ; alar. 4 lin. Fern. Testaceous. Head and antennae drown. Antenna3 eleven- jointed, subfiliform, verticillate-pilose, much shorter than the body; joints cylindrical, about four times the length of their petioles. Tho- rax with three contiguous tawny stripes. Wings limpid ; veins testa- ceous ; subcostal vein rather less than half the length of the wing ; cubital curved, ending at a little distance from the tip of the wing ; subanal very slight ; first branch of the anal distinct, running very near to the subanal; second branch curved obliquely and rather abruptly to the border. Halteres whitish. Legs pale testaceous, long, slender; hind tarsi white. Not common. (E.) 71. latipennis, n. Mas, testacea, capite nigro, antennis pallide fuscis basi testaceis, corpore brevioribus, alis latis sublimpidis, venis pedibusque pallide testaceis, halteribus albidis, abdomine fusco apice tes- taceo. Long. -| ; alar. 2f lin. Male. Testaceous. Head black. Antennee fourteen -jointed, pale brown, testaceous at the base, moniliform, verticillate-pilose, shorter than the body ; joints simple, subelliptical, much longer than their pe- tioles, which are testaceous. Wrings broad, ciliated, nearly limpid ; veins pale testaceous ; subcostal vein less than half the length of the wing ; cubital straight ; subanal obsolete ; first branch of the anal dis- tinct ; second branch curved very abruptly and hardly obliquely to the hind border. Halteres whitish. Abdomen brown, testaceous at the tip. Legs pale testaceous, long, slender. Not common. (E.) 72. brevicornis, n. Mas, testacea, capite nigro, antennis 100 CECIDOMYZID/E. ticulatis fuscescentibus basi testaceis corporis dimidio non longioribus, tJioracis disco fusco, alls subcinereis, venis fuscescentibus, balteribus pe- dibusque albidis. Long. 1 ; alar. 2 lin. Male. Testaceous. Head black. Antenna brownish, testaceous at the base, twelve-jointed, moniliform, verticillate-pilose, about half the length of the body ; joints short, elliptical, a little longer than their petioles, which are testaceous. Disc of the thorax brown. Wings slightly greyish ; veins brownish ; subcostal vein less than half the length of the wing; cubital almost straight; subanal obsolete; first branch of the anal distinct ; second branch curved obliquely and not abruptly to the hind border. Halteres and legs whitish, the latter slender, not long. Not common. (E.) 73. Rumicis, Loew, Pr. Pos. Gym. 34. 48 (1850) ; Winn. Flavo- fusca, antennis fuscis, thoracis dorso cinereo-fusco, alis subcinereis, venis halteribusque fuscis, pedibus fuscis subtus flavescentibus ; Mas, anten- nis 26-articulatis corpore fere duplo longioribus; Fcem. antennis cor- pore paullo brevioribus, 14-articulatis, oviductu attenuate lamellis nullis, segmentis primo et secundo albidis. Long. |-f lin. Yellowish-brown. Thorax above cinereous-brown. Wings greyish , with grey pubescence ; transverse veinlet beyond the middle of the subcos- tal vein ; cubital somewhat convex behind towards the tip of the wing ; second branch of the anal vein curved towards the hind border. Male. Antennas 26-jointed, almost twice the length of the body ; joints towards the base rather shorter than the petioles, and towards the tips little more than half their length. Fein. Antenna? fourteen-jointed, as long as three-fourths of the body ; joints mostly three or four times the length of their petioles. Oviduct elongated, without valves ; second and third segments whitish. Lives in the blossoms of most species of Rumex. 74. albipes, n. Mas, fusca, antennis nigris corpore paullo lon- gioribus, articulorum petiolis brevissimis, alis subcinerascentibus, halteri- bus pedibusque albidis. Long, f ; alar. 2 lin. Male. Brown. Antennae black, twenty-jointed, moniliform, thickly verticillate-pilose, a little longer than the body ; joints a little longer than broad, with extremely short petioles. Wings very slightly greyish ; veins black ; subcostal vein rather less than half the length of the wing ; cubital very slightly curved ; subanal almost obsolete ; first branch of the anal distinct, nearly straight ; second branch curved abruptly and slightly obliquely to the hind border. Halteres and legs whitish ; the latter slender, of moderate length. Not common. (E.) 75. terminalis, n. Mas, fusca, capite antennisque nigris, his corpore paullo longioribus, articulorum petiolis longis testaceis, scutello albido, alis subcinereis, halteribus pedibusque albidis. Long. \\ ; alar. 4 lin. CECIDOMYIA. 101 Male. Brown. Head and antennae black. Antennae eighteen-joint- ed, moniliform, verticillate-pilose, a little longer than the body ; joints short, elliptical, very little longer than their petioles, which are pale testaceous. Scutellum whitish. Wings slightly greyish, hardly ciliated ; veins blackish ; subcostal vein ending at nearly half the length of the wing ; cubital straight ; subanal slight, obsolete from a little beyond the fork of the anal to the tip of the wing ; first branch of the anal distinct, nearly straight ; second branch straight, inclined very abruptly and hardly obliquely to the hind border, forming an almost right angle. Halteres whitish. Legs whitish, long, slender. Not common. (E.) 76. incompleta, n. Mas, cinerea, gracillima, capite antennisque nigris, his corpore brevioribus, articulorum petiolis sat longis, alis sub- cinereis, halteribus nigris. Long. 1 ; alar. 3 lin. Male. Cinereous, very slender. Head and antennas black. Antennae twelve-jointed?, moniliform, verticillate-pilose, shorter than the body; joints simple, nearly oval, rather longer than their petioles. Things greyish ; veins black ; subcostal vein rather less than half the length of the wing ; cubital straight ; subanal distinct from the base to some distance beyond the fork of the anal; first branch of the anal very slight, rather indistinct ; second branch curved very abruptly and hardly obliquely to the border. Halteres black. Legs slender, rather long. Not common. (E.) 77. expandens, n. Mas, nigro-cinerea, antennis corpore paullo brevioribus, thoracis lateribus canis, alis cinereis, venis nigris, halteribus pedibusque cinereis. Long. 1^; alar. 3^ lin. Male. Greyish-black. Antennas black, twenty-jointed ?, moniliform, verticillate-pilose, rather shorter than the body ; joints elliptical, full twice the length of their petioles. Thorax hoary on each side. Wings grey, pubescent, ciliated ; veins black ; subcostal vein much less than half the length of the wing ; cubital very slightly curved ; subanal distinct ; first branch of the anal very slight ; second branch curved obliquely and rather abruptly to the hind border. Halteres and legs cinereous. Not common. (E.) 78. semiopaca, n. Mas, fusca, capite antennisque nigris corpo- ris longitudine, thoracis lateribus albidis, alis cinereis subnebulosis, halte- ribus albis, pedibus albidis. Long. 1 ; alar. 3 lin. Male. Brown. Head and antennas black. Antennae fourteen-jointed ?, verticillate-pilose, subraoniliform, as long as the body ; joints subellip- tical, full twice the length of their petioles. Sides of the thorax whitish. Wings grey, pubescent, very indistinctly mottled, not ciliated; veins blackish; subcostal vein nearly half the length of the wing; cubital almost straight ; subanal distinct, straight ; first branch of the anal very slight, running very near the subanal ; second branch curved very 102 CECIDOMYZID^E. abruptly and hardly obliquely to the hind border. Halteres white. Legs whitish, slender, moderately long. Not common. (E.) 79. atriceps, n. Mas, obscure fusca, capite nigro, antennis cor- pore brevioribus, thorads lateribus testaceis, alls dnereis sat angustis, halteribus pedibusque fuscis. Long. 1^- ; alar. 3 lin. Male. Dark drown, long, slender. Head black. Antennse fourteen- jointed, black, moniliform, verticillate-pilose, shorter than the body ; joints simple, elongate-oval, about twice the length of their petioles. Sides of the thorax dull testaceous. Wings grey, rather narrow ; veins black ; subcostal vein rather less than half the length of the wing ; cu- bital nearly straight ; subanal very faint ; first branch of the anal slight ; second branch curved obliquely and not abruptly to the hind border. Halteres and legs brown, the latter rather long and slender. Not common. (E.) 80. repleta, n. Mas, fusca, antennis corpore paullo brevioribns, articulorum petiolis brevissimis, thorads lateribus testaceis, alls subdne- reis, venis abdomineque pallide fuscis, halteribus pedibusc^.Q testaceis. Long. J; alar. 2 lin. Male. Brown. Antennse fourteen-jointed ?, moniliform, slightly ver- ticillate-pilose, rather shorter than the body ; joints subelliptical, with very short petioles. Sides of the thorax testaceous. Wings greyish; veins pale Drown ; subcostal vein about half the length of the wing ; cubital straight ; subanal and first branch of the anal indistinct ; se- cond branch curved obliquely but rather abruptly to the hind border. Halteres testaceous. Abdomen pale brown. Legs testaceous, rather short. Rare. (E.) 81. invaria, n. Mas, fusca, capite antennis thoradsque disco ni- gris, antennis corpore longioribus, alis subdnereis, venis nigricantibus, halteribus albidis apice fuscis, pedibus testaceis. Long. \\ ; alar. 4 lin. Male. Broion. Head, antenna, and disc of the thorax black. An- tenna? twenty-jointed?, moniliform, verticillate-pilose, longer than the body ; joints simple, nearly elliptical, much longer than their petioles. Wings greyish, slightly ciliated ; veins blackish ; subcostal vein ending at half the length of the wing ; cubital nearly straight ; subanal visible, but indistinct ; first branch of the anal slight, straight ; second curved very abruptly and hardly obliquely to the hind border. Halteres whitish, with brown knobs. Legs testaceous, long, slender. Not common. (E.) 82. maura, n. Mas, nigra, antennis 16-articulatis corpore paullo brevioribus, articulorum petiolis sat longis, alis dnereis, pedibus fuscis. Long. \\\ alar. 2^ lin. Male. Black. AntennaB sixteen-jointed, moniliform, verticillate- pilose, a little shorter than the body ; joints simple, short, elliptical, a CECIDOMYIA. 103 little longer than their petioles. Wings grey, pubescent ; veins black ; subcostal vein rather less than half the length of the wing; cubital straight ; subanal almost obsolete ; first branch of the anal slight but distinct, nearly straight ; second curved abruptly and slightly obliquely to the hind border. Legs brown. Not common. (E.) 83. evanescens, n. Mas, alba, capite nigro, antennis pallidetes- taceis corpore brevioribus, alis albis albo-venosis. Long. £; alar. 1| lin. Male. White. Head black. Antennae pale testaceous, moniliform, verticillate- pilose, shorter than the body. Wings white, with white veins. Bare. (E.) 84. Tritici, Kby, Linn. Trans, iv. 232 (1798) ; Stew.; Turt. Pal- lide testacea, capite nigro, antennis fuscis, alis limpidis, venis testaceis ; Mas, antenuis corpore duplo longioribus ; Foem. antennis corpore bre- vioribus. Long, li ; alar. 2 lin. Pale testaceous. Head black. Antenna twelve -jointed?, brown. Wings limpid, ciliated ; veins testaceous ; subcostal vein less than half the length of the wing ; cubital ending very little behind the tip of the wing ; subanal distinct ; anal and its second branch forming a nearly right angle, the latter curved abruptly to the hind border ; first branch very indistinct, running very near to the subanal vein. Male. Antenna? as long as the body ; joints elongated, double, with long whorls of hairs, as long as their petioles. Fern. Antennas shorter than the body. Ovi- duct short. The Wheat Midge. Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 85. filipes, n. Foem. obscure testacea, capite antennisque nigris, horum articulis vix petiolatis, alis limpidis, venis nigricantibus, halteri- bus pedibusque albidis. Long. l-i; alar. 3 lin. Fcem. Dull testaceous. Head black. Antenna black, moniliform, verticillate-pilose, with rather more than twenty joints, which are hardly petiolated. Wings limpid ; veins blackish ; subcostal vein ending at much before half the length of the wing ; cubital curved towards its tip, ending near the tip of the wing ; subapical indicated by a streak which runs parallel and very near to the first fork of the subanal ; se- cond fork of the subanal curved abruptly to the border, forming a very acute angle with the first fork. Halteres whitish. Oviduct attenuated, moderately long. Legs whitish, long, very slender. Bare. In the British Museum. (E.) 86. ochracea, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 262. 51 (1853). Mas, citrina, albo-pilosa, antennis corpore multo longioribus, articulis longe petiolatis, alis limpidis cinereo-pubescentibus, venis pallide fuscis. Long, f lin. Lemon-colour, with whitish hairs. Antennae longer by half than the 104 CECIDOMYZIIXE. body ; double joints as long as their petioles, rather shorter towards the tips. Wings limpid, with grey pubescence] veins pale brown; transverse veinlet at before the middle of the subcostal vein ; second branch of the anal curved very abruptly to the hind border. Habits unknown. 87. modesta, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 262. 52 (1853). Mas, pal- lide flava, albido-hirta, antennis corpora duplo longioribus, articulis longe petiolatis, alis maximis limpidis cinereo-hirtis, venis fuscis, halteribus albis. Long, i lin. Pale yellow, with whitish hairs. Antenna nearly twice the length of the body ; double joints as long as their petioles, rather longer towards the base of the antennaB, rather shorter towards the tips. Wings very broad, limpid, with grey pubescence and with brown veins ; transverse veinlet joining the middle of the subcostal vein; anal vein and its second branch forming a rounded obtuse angle. Habits unknown. 88. disjunct a, n. Mas, pallide testacea, antennis 12-articulatis nigris corpora paullo longioribus, alis sublimpidis, venis uigricantibus, halteribus pedibusque albidis, alis sublimpidis. Long. 1 ; alar. 3 lin. Male. Pale testaceous, slender. Antennas black, twelve-jointed, mo- niliform, verticillate-pilose, a little longer than the body ; joints simple, oval, much shorter than their petioles, which are whitish. Wings nearly limpid; veins blackish; subcostal vein about one-third of the length of the wing ; cubital curved, ending at a short distance from the tip of the wing ; subanal and first branch of the anal very slight ; second branch curved obliquely, but rather abruptly to the hind border. Halteres and legs whitish, the latter long and slender. Rare. (E.) 89. pubescens, n. Mas, testacea, antennis 14-articulatis nigris corpore longioribus, alis subcinereis, venis testaceis. Long. 1-|— 2 ; alar. 4-5 lin. Male. Testaceous. Antennas black, fourteen-jointed, moniliform, verticillate-pilose, longer than the body ; joints nearly round, about half the length of their petioles, which are testaceous ; whorls of hairs very long. Wings slightly greyish, pubescent, ciliated ; veins dull tes- taceous ; subcostal vein rather less than half the length of the wing ; cubital curved, ending on the hind border at some little distance from the tip of the wing ; subanal distinct ; first branch of the anal slight, running near to the subanal; second branch curved obliquely and abruptly to the hind border. Legs long, slender. Not rare. (E.) 90. mcesta, n. Testacea, antennis nigris, alis subcinereis, venis fuscescentibus ; Mas, antennis corpore brevioribus ; Foem. antennis cor- pore multo brevioribus, articulis vix petiolatis, oviductu longissimo. Long. 1-|- ; alar. 2^-3 lin. CECIDOMYIA. 105 Testaceous. Antennae black, verticillate-pilose. Wings slightly greyish, pubescent, ciliated; veins brownish; subcostal vein less than half the length of the wing ; cubital very slightly curved, ending very near the tip of the wing ; subanal and first branch of the anal slight ; second branch curved very abruptly and hardly obliquely to the hind border. Halteres and legs pale testaceous, the latter rather long and slender. Male. Antennae four teen-jointed, shorter than the body ; joints nearly cylindrical, about four times longer than their petioles. Fern. Antennae fourteen-jointed ?, much shorter than the body ; joints cylin- drical, hardly petiolated. Oviduct very long. Not common. (E.) 91. ciliata, n. Fcem. obscure testacea, antennis nigris, corpore brevioribus, alls subcinereis late ciliatis, venis nigricantibus, halteribus pedibusque pallide testaceis, oviductu brevi. Long. If; alar. 4 lin. Fern. Dull testaceous, pubescent. Antennae black, fourteeu-jointed ?, moniliform, verticillate-pilose, shorter than the body; joints simple, nearly oval, with very short petioles. Wings pubescent, slightly greyish, deeply ciliated; veins blackish; subcostal vein much less than half the length of the wing ; cubital slightly curved, ending at some little distance from the tip of the wing ; subanal distinct ; first branch of the anal very slight, running very near the subanal ; second branch curved abruptly, and slightly obliquely to the hind border. Halteres pale tes- taceous. Oviduct short. Legs pale testaceous, pubescent, rather long and slender. Not common. (E.) 92. solennis, n. Mas, testacea, gracilis, antennis 14-articulatis corporis longitudine, alis subcinereis, venis nigricantibus, halteribus pal- lide testaceis. Long. 1 ; alar. 3 lin. Male. Testaceous, slender. Antennae black, fourteen-jointed, moni- liform, verticillate-pilose, as long as the body ; joints simple, nearly round, little more than half the length of their petioles. TFings slightly greyish, ciliated; veins blackish; subcostal vein less than half the length of the wing ; cubital slightly curved, ending at a little distance from the tip ; subanal and first branch of the anal slight ; second branch curved abruptly and slightly obliquely to the hind border. Halteres pale tes- taceous. Legs long, slender. Not common. (E.) 93. dumetorum, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 264. 55 (1853). Masy flava, antennis fuscescentibus basi flavis corpore mitlio longioribus, articulis longe petiolatis, thorace vittis tribus parvis aut fere obsoletis flavo-fuscis, alis limpiclis cinereo-pilosis, veuis pallide fuscis, halteribus albis, pedibus albido-flavis, femoribus tibiisque anticis supra coxisque nigro-iuscis. Long. £ lin. Male. Yellow. Antennae brownish, yellow at the base, longer by half than the body ; double joints as long as their petioles, and towards the VOL. IV. P 106 CECIDOMYZID^E. base of the antennae rather longer. Thorax with three slender yellowish- brown stripes. Wings limpid, with grey pubescence ; veins pale brown ; transverse veinlet joining the middle of the subcostal vein ; anal vein and its second branch forming an obtuse rounded angle. Halteres white. Legs whitish -y ello w ; fore femora and fore tibise above and coxae blackish-brown. Habits unknown. 94. flaveolata. Whin. Linn. Ent. viii. 265. 56 (1853). Mas, ob- scure flava, antennis fuscis basi flavis corpore plus duplo longioribus, articulis longe petiolatis, thorace vittis tribus nigris, alis limpidis cine- reo-hirtis, halteribus albis, abdomine fulvo albo-piloso, pedibus flavis. Long. \ lin. Dark yellow. Antenna brown, yellow at the base, more than twice the length of the body ; double joints as long as their petioles. Thorax with three blackish stripes. Wings limpid, with brown veins, in some aspects whitish, with white veins, in others aeneous-yellow ; transverse veinlet joining the middle of the subcostal vein; anal vein and its second branch forming an almost right angle. Halteres white. Abdo- men tawny, with white hairs. Legs yellow. Habits unknown. 95. coniophaga, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 267. 60 (1853). Flava, antennis fuscis basi flavis, thorace vittis tribus fere connexis fuscis, alis limpidis cinereo-hirtis, halteribus albidis, abdominis maryinibus posticis albo-hirtis, pedibus longis fuscis subtus flavescentibus ; Mas, antennis corpore longioribus, articulis duplicatis longi-petiolatis ; Fcem. antennis corpore brevioribus, articulis breviter petiolatis, oviductu brevi lamellis duabus subovatis minimis. Long. -|-f-. Yellow. Thorax with three brown stripes. Wings limpid ; trans- verse veinlet joining the middle of the subcostal vein ; anal vein and its second branch forming a very slightly obtuse angle. Hind borders of the abdominal segments with white hairs. Legs brown. Male. An- tenna nearly longer by one-half than the body ; double joints as long as their petioles. Fern. Antennae shorter by about one-fourth than the body ; subapical joints about four times the length of their petioles. Oviduct short, with two very small nearly oval valves. Lives with C. Ceomatis on Ceoma miniatum, on the fallen leaves of the Rora, and feeds on that fungus ; changes in the earth. 96. invocata, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 269. 61 (1853). Flava, an- tennis pallide fuscis, thorace vittis tribus fuscis, alis limpidis cinereo- hirtis, venis fuscis, halteribus apice fuscis aut omnino flavis, pedibus fuscis subtus flavido-albis, femoribus basi flavis ; Mas, antennis 26- articulatis corpore longioribus, articulis duplicatis longi-petiolatis ; Fcem. antennis 14-articulatis corpore paullo brevioribus, oviductu brevi la- mellis duabus rotundatis pilosis. Long. % lin. Yellow. Thorax with three brown stripes. Wings limpid; trans- CECIDOMYIA. 10? verse veinlet situate beyond the middle of the subcostal vein ; second branch of the anal vein curved to the hind border. Male. Antennae twenty-six-jointed, longer by two-thirds than the body ; double joints as long as their petioles. Fern. Antennae fourteen -jointed, rather longer than the body. Oviduct short, with two round very hairy valves. Lives with C. acropkila and C.pavida in the deformed tufts on the top leaves of Fraxinus excelsior ; changes to a pupa in the earth. 97. marginata, n. Mas, testacea, antennis fuscescentibus cor- pore longioribus, thoracis disco pallide fusco, alis sublimpidis, venis ni- gricantibus, halteribus albidis, abdomine supra pallide fusco, lateribus testaceis. Long. 1^; alar. 3 lin. Male. Testaceous. Antenna* brownish, twelve-jointed ?, moniliforra, verticillate-pilose, longer than the body ; joints nearly round, about half the length of their petioles, which are pale testaceous. Disc of the thorax pale brown. Wings nearly limpid; veins blackish; subcostal vein very much less than half the length of the wing ; cubital slightly curved, ending at a short distance from the tip of the wing ; subanal and first branch of the anal very slight ; second branch curved abruptly and slightly obliquely to the hind border. Halteres whitish. Abdo- men pale brown above, with a whitish testaceous stripe along each side. Legs long, slender. Not common. (E.) 98. fixa, n. Mas, testacea, capite nigro, antennis 14-articulatis ni- gricantibus corpore vix brevioribus, thorace vittis tribus fulvis, alis sub- limpidis, venis testaceis, halteribus pedibusque pallide testaceis. Long. 1 ; alar. 3 lin. Male. Testaceous. Head black. Antennas blackish, fourteen-jointed, submoniliform, verticillate-pilose, nearly as long as the body ; joints cylindrical, about twice the length of their petioles, which are testa- ceous. Thorax with three pale tawny contiguous stripes. Wings nearly limpid ; veins testaceous ; subcostal vein rather less than half the length of the wing ; cubital very slightly curved, ending near the tip of the wing ; subanal distinct ; first branch of the anal very slight, running very near the subanal ; second branch curved very abruptly and hardly obliquely to the hind border. Halteres and legs pale tes- taceous, the latter long and slender. Not common. (E.) 99. apicalis, n. Fcem. testacea, capite supra axtaNtuqufi nigris, his 14-articulatis corpore brevioribus, thoracis disco fuscescente, alis sublimpidis, venis fuscescentibus, halteribus albidis, pedibus pallide tes- taceis. Long. 1 ; alar. 3^ lin. Fern. Testaceous. Head above and antennae black. Antenna four- teen-jointed, moniliform, verticillate-pilose, shorter than the body; joints subelliptical, about thrice the length of their petioles. Disc of the 108 CECIDOMYZID^E. thorax brownish. Wings nearly limpid ; veins brownish; subcostal vein much less than half the length of the wing; cubital slightly curved, ending near the tip of the wing ; subanal distinct ; first branch of the anal slight, running close to the subanal ; second branch hardly curved, inclined obliquely and rather abruptly to the hind border. Halteres whitish. Legs pale testaceous, long, slender. Oviduct short. Not common. (E.) 100. latiuscula, n. Fcem. testacea, antennis nigris basi testa- ceis, thorace vittis tribus fuscis, alis subcinereis latissimis, venis nigri- cantibus, oviductu elongato. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin. Fern. Testaceous. Antennee black, testaceous at the base, submoni- liform, slightly verticillate-pilose ; joints nearly round, hardly petiolated. Thorax with three almost confluent brorcn stripes, the middle one short. Wings slightly greyish, very broad and iridescent, slightly ciliated ; veins blackish ; subcostal vein about one-third of the length of the wing ; cubital curved, ending on the hind border at some little distance from the tip of the wing ; subapical straight, distinct along the whole length ; subanal curved rather abruptly to the hind border. Oviduct attenuated, as long as the abdomen. Legs rather long and slender. Rare. In the British Museum. 101. articulata, n. Mas, obscure testacea, capite antennisque nigris, his 26-articulatis corpora paullo longioribus, thoracis disco fusco, alis subcinereis, venis pallide fuscis, halteribus pedibusque pallide tes- taceis. Long. 1 ; alar. 3 lin. Male. Dark testaceous. Head and antennae black. Antenna twenty- six-jointed, moniliform, thickly verticillate-pilose, a little longer than the body ; joints alternately single and double, or short and long, the short joints rather longer than the petioles. Disc of the thorax brown. Wings slightly greyish; veins pale brown; subcostal vein much less than half the length of the wing ; cubital very slightly curved, ending at some little distance from the tip of the wing ; subanal very distinct ; first branch of the anal slight, running very close to the subanal ; second branch inclined very abruptly and hardly obliquely to the hind border, forming a nearly right angle. Halteres and legs pale testaceous, the latter long and slender. Not common. (E.) 102. mcesta, n. Mas, testacea, capite thoracisque disco fuscis, an- tennis nigris corporis longitudine, alis subcinereis, venis nigris, pedibus pallide testaceis. Long. 1 ; alar. 3 lin. Male. Testaceous. Head and disc of the thorax brown. Antenna black, fourteen-jointed, filiform, very slightly verticillate-pilose, as long as the body ; joints long, cylindrical, their petioles very short. Wings slightly greyish, pubescent, ciliated ; veins black, subcostal vein rather less than half the length of the wing ; cubital slightly curved, ending at some little distance behind the tip of the wing ; subanal straight, very dis- tinct ; first branch of the anal faint, running almost close to the sub- CECIDOMYIA. 109 anal ; second branch inclined abruptly to the border, straight, slightly oblique to the other part. Legs pale testaceous, rather long and slender. Not common. (E.) 103. Leacheana, Steph. MSS. Testacea, capite antennisque nigris, thoracis disco fuscescente, alis subcinereis, venis nigris, tarsispos- ticis apices versus albis ; Mas, antennis 16-articulatis corpore vix brevi- oribus, scutello thoracis lateribus abdominisque apice albidis, abdomine fusco; Foem. antennis 14-articulatis corpore multo brevioribus, thoracis lateribus anticis albidis. Long. 2-2^- ; alar. 5-6 lin. Testaceous. Head and antennae black. Disc of the thorax brown- ish. Wings greyish, pubescent, ciliated ; veins black ; subcostal vein nearly half the length of the wing ; cubital curved, ending near the tip of the wing ; subanal distinct ; first branch of the anal quite obsolete ; second branch curved obliquely and not abruptly to the hind border. Leys long, slender ; hind tarsi white towards the tips. Male. Antennae sixteen-jointed, moniliform, verticillate-pilose, nearly as long as the body ; joints nearly round, much shorter than their petioles, with whorls of very long hairs. Scutellum, sides of the thorax, and tip of the abdomen whitish. Abdomen brown. Fern. Antennae fourteen-jointed, sub filiform, much shorter than the body ; joints double, subcylindrical, verticillate-pilose, full four times the length of their petioles. Thorax whitish on each side in front. Oviduct short. Not common. Found in the autumn, near London, and in the Forest of Dean, Gloucestershire. (E.) 104. impudica, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 262. 62 (1853). Mas, flava, antennis fuscis gracilibus basi flavis corpore duplo longioribus, articulis duplicatis longi-petiolatis, thorace vittis tribus fuscis, pectore fusco, alis subfuscescentibus ciuereo-hirtis, venis fuscis, halteribus albis 'apice fuscescentibus, abdomine fuscescente cano-hirto, pedibus nigro- fuscis subtus albidis. Long. -§• lin. Male. Yellow. Antennae brown, slender, yellow at the base, twice the length of the body ; double joints as long as their petioles, and towards the base of the antennae rather longer. Thorax with three Brown stripes. Pectus brown. Wings slightly brown; transverse veinlet situate at a little beyond the middle of the subcostal vein ; anal vein and its second branch forming a rounded obtuse angle. Halteres white, with brownish tips. Abdomen brownish, with hoary hairs. Legs blackish-brown. Habits unknown. 105. tenuicornis, ri. Mas, fusco-testacea, capite nigro, antennis corporis longitudine, scutello pallide testaceo, alis subcinereis, halteribus albidis, pedibus testaceis. Long. 1 ; alar. 3 lin. Male. Brownish-testaceous. Head black. Antenna black, twelve- jointed, subfiliform, verticillate-pilose, as long as the body; joints double, nearly cylindrical, full thrice the length of their petioles. Scu- 110 CECIDOMYZID^E. tellum pale testaceous. Wings slightly greyish; veins brown; sub- costal vein much less than half the length of the wing ; cubital slightly curved, ending at some little distance from the tip of the wing, with a very oblique veinlet between it and the subcostal ; subanal slight, but distinct ; first branch of the anal distinct ; second curved abruptly and slightly obliquely to the hind border. Halteres whitish. Legs testa- ceous, rather long. Not common. (E.) 106. xanthopyga, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 263. 53 (1853). Mas, fusco-flava, antennis fuscis basi flavis corpore plus duplo longioribus, articulis longe petiolatis, thorace vittis tribus obscure fuscis, alls subfus- cescentibus cinereo-pilosis, venis fuscis, halteribus pallidis, abdomine fuscescente, pedibus fuscis subtus albidis, femoribus basi coxisque flavis. Long, i lin. Male. Brownish-yellow. Antennae brown, yellow at the base, rather more than twice the length of the body ; double joints as long as their petioles. Thorax with three dark drown stripes. Wings brownish, with dark grey pubescence ; veins brown ; transverse veinlet at some distance before the middle of the subcostal vein ; anal vein and its second branch forming an obtuse angle. Halteres pale. Abdomen brownish. Legs brown, whitish beneath ; femora at the base and coxae yellow. Habits unknown. 107. agilis, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 265. 57 (1853). Mas, fulva, antennis fuscis basi flavis corpore duplo longioribus, articulis longe pe- tiolatis, thorace vittis tribus parvis nigris, alis limpidis cinereo-hirtis, venis pallide piceis, pedibus. fuscis, femoribus basi pallidis. Long, -i lin. Male. Tawny. Antennas brown, yellow at the base, twice the length of the body ; double joints rather longer than their petioles. Thorax with three slender black stripes. Wings limpid, with pale brown veins, in some aspects brownish with white veins ; transverse veinlet rather before the middle of the subcostal vein ; second branch of the anal vein curved to the hind border. Habits unknown. 108. cingulata, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 263. 54 (1853). Icem. fulva, antennis nigro-fuscis basi flavis 15-articulatis, corpore vix bre- vioribus, thorace vittis tribus contiguis nigris nitidis, alis limpidis cinereo- pilosis, venis fuscis, halteribus albis, abdomine nigro-fasciato, oviductu brevissimo lamellis duabus rotundatis, pedibus pallide fuscis, femoribus basi flavescentibus. Long. |- lin. Fern. Tawny. Antennae fifteen-jointed, blackish-brown, yellow at the base, hardly shorter than the body ; joints twice the length of their petioles. Thorax with three contiguous black shining stripes. Wings limpid, with dark grey pubescence ; veins brown ; transverse veinlet at some distance before the middle of the subcostal vein ; second branch of the anal vein curved to the hind border. Halteres white. Abdomen CEC1DOMYIA. Ill with black bands. Oviduct very short, with two rounded valves. Legs pale brown ; femora yellowish at -the base. Habits unknown. 109. limbata, Wirm. Linn. Ent. viii. 266. 58 (1853). Fcem. fulva, capite palpisque flavis, antennis fuscis corpore brevioribus, tho- race vittis iribus niyro-fiiscis, pectore nigro, alls limpidis basi flavescenti- bus dense nigro-pilosis margine nigro, abdomine nigro-fusco incisuris fulvis, oviductu brevi lamellis duabus ovatis, pedibus nigris, femoribus tibiisque subtus albis. Long. •§. Hn. Fern. Tawny. Head and palpi yellow. Antennae brown, two-thirds of the length of the body ; joints five times the length of the petioles. Thorax with three blackish-brown stripes. Pectus black. Wings limpid, very pubescent, yellowish at the base; transverse veinlet joining the middle of the subcostal vein ; anal vein and its second branch forming a slightly obtuse angle. Abdomen blackish - bro wn ; sutures tawny. Oviduct short, with two oval valves. Legs black ; femora and tibise white beneath. Lives in rosettes or rose-like galls on Salix amygdalina, with C. heterolia. 110. botularia, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 266. 59 (1853). Fulva, proboscide albida, palpis fuscescentibus, antennis fuscis basi flavis, tho- race vittis tribus parvis pallide fuscis, alis magnis limpidis cinereo-hirtis, venis pallide fuscis, abdominis incisuris fuscis, segmentoruin marginibus posticis albo-hirtis, pedibus fuscescentibus subtus pallide flavescentibus ; Mas, antennis corpore longioribus 26-articulatis ; Fcem. antennis 14-ar- ticulatis corporis longitudine, oviductu brevi lamellis duabus longis ellip- ticis. Long, f-f lin.^ Tawny. Thorax with three brown stripes. Wings limpid; trans- verse veinlet joining the middle of the subcostal vein ; anal vein and its second branch forming an almost right angle. Male. Antenna twenty-six jointed, one-fourth longer than the body ; double joints as long as their petioles. Fern. Antennae fourteen-jointed, as long as the body; joints towards the tips longer by one-half than their petioles. Oviduct short, longer by one-half than their petioles. Lives in elongated galls on the main ribs of the leaves of Fraxi- nus excelsior ; changes to a pupa in the earth. 111. Pini, Deg. Ins. vi. 156. 28 (1778); Latr.; Meig.; Mcq. ; Ratz. ; Winn. — latereUa, Zett. Nigricans, antennis fuscis basi flavis, palpis fulvis, thoracis lateribus abdomineque rufo-fuscis, alis lacteis, venis anticis fuscis, pedibus fuscis subtus argentatis ; Mas, antennis corpore longioribus, articulis duplicatis longi-petiolatis, halteribus albis ; Fcem. antennis corporis dimidio paullo longioribus, oviductu brevi flavo lamellis duabus parvis ovatis. Long. !-!-£ lin. Blackish. Abdomen and sides of the thorax reddish-brown. Wings milk-white; transverse veinlet somewhat beyond the middle of the 112 CECIDOMYZIDjE. subcostal vein ; anal vein and its second branch forming a rounded, slightly obtuse angle. Male. Antennae somewhat longer than the body ; double joints thrice the length of their petioles ; whorls snow- white. Fern. Antennae rather more than half the length of the body ; joints about five times the length of their petioles. Oviduct short, yellow, with two small oval valves. Lives on Finns sylvestris, and assumes the pupa state in a white resinous cocoon on the leaves. (E.) 112. linearis, n. Pallide fusca, capite antennisque nigris, thoracis dorso fusco, lateribus pectoreque albidis, alis subcervinis, venis fuscis, halteribus albidis ; Mas, antennis corpore brevioribus, pedibus albidis ; 'Foem. antennis corpore multo brevioribus, pedibus testaceis. Long. 1 ; alar. 2|- lin. Pale brown. Head and antennae black. Thorax dark brown above ; sides and pectus whitish. Wings very slightly fawn-colour ; veins brown; subcostal vein much less than half the length of the wing; cubital very slightly curved, ending near the tip of the wing ; subanal slight; first branch of the anal obsolete; second branch curved ob- liquely and not abruptly to the hind border. Halteres whitish. Legs slender, moderately long. Male. Antennae sixteen-jointed ?, slender, moniliform, slightly verticillate- pilose, shorter than the body; joints elliptical, a little longer than their petioles, which are testaceous. Legs whitish. Fern. Antennae eleven-jointed, filiform, much shorter than the body ; joints cylindrical, more than four times the length of their pe- tioles. Legs testaceous. Not common. (E.) 113. digitata, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 272. 64 (1853). Nigra, capite sordide flavo, proboscide palpisque fuscis, scutelli apice nonnuri- quam flavo, alis longis limpidis nigro-hirtis, venis fuscis, halteribus fla- vis, abdomine sordide flavo fasciis nigro-fuscis dorso dilatatis, pedibus piceis, tarsis pilosis ; Mas, antennis corpore paullo longioribus, articulis longi-petiolatis ; Foem. antennis corpore multo brevioribus, oviductu cor- pore longiore lamellis nullis. Long. |— |- lin. Black. Head dingy yellow. Wings limpid ; transverse veinlet situ- ate a little beyond the middle of the subcostal vein ; second branch of the anal vein curved to the hind border. Male. Antennae a little longer than the body ; joints as long as their petioles. Fern. Antennae much shorter than the body ; joints about five times the length of their pe- tioles. Oviduct longer than the body, without valves ; first segment black, shining ; second and third yellow. Habits unknown. 114. arcuata, n. Foem. nigra, antennis corpore brevioribus, tko- racis lateribus testaceis, alis subcinereis, venis nigris, halteribus albidis, pedibus testaceis. Long, 1^ ; alar. 4 lin. Fern. Black. Antennae twelve-jointed ?, subfiliform, slightly verticil- late-pilose, much shorter than the body ; joints cylindrical, about four CECIDOMYIA. 113 times the length of their petioles. Thorax testaceous on each side. Wings slightly greyish, not ciliated ; veins black ; subcostal vein much less than half the length of the wing ; cubital curved, ending near the tip of the wing ; subanal distinct ; first branch of the anal slight, run- ning very near the subanal ; second branch curved very abruptly and hardly obliquely to the hind border. Halteres whitish. Oviduct short. Legs dull testaceous, long, slender. Not common. (E.) 115. prsecox, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 276. 66 (1853). Fcem. ni- gra, palpis fuscis, antennis corpore brevioribus, articulorum petiolis brevissirnis, thorace e pilis flavis bivittato, scutello fusco-rufo, alis sub- cinereis nigro-cinereo-pilosis, venis nigro-fuscis, halteribus pallide fuscis, abdomine nigro-fuscis incisuris albidis, oviductu longissimo lamellis duabus minimis, pedibus obscure fuscis. Long. 1-|- lin. Fern. Black. Palpi brown. Antennae shorter than the body ; joints six times the length of their petioles. Thorax with two stripes of yel- low hairs ; scutellum ferruginous. Wings greyish ; transverse veinlet situate at some distance before the middle of the subcostal vein ; anal vein and its second branch forming an almost right angle. Oviduct very long, brownish-yellow, with two very small valves. Appears in March in woods, especially on fresh-split oak stack- wood. 116. conformis, n. Fcem. nigro-fusca, capite nigro, antennis nigris corpore brevioribus, scutello thoracisque lateribus pallide testaceis, alis subcinereis, venis nigris, halteribus albis, pedibus testaceis. Long. 1J; alar. 4 lin. Fern. Blackish-brown. Head black. Antennas black, twelve-jointed ?, verticillate-pilose, shorter than the body ; joints subcylindrical, full thrice the length of their petioles. Scutellum and sides of the thorax in front and at the base of the wings pale testaceous. Wings greyish ; veins black ; subcostal vein less than half the length of the wing ; cu- bital curved, ending at some little distance from the tip ; subanal dis- tinct ; first branch of the anal slight, running almost close to the sub- anal ; second branch inclined obliquely and rather abruptly to the hind border. Halteres white. Legs dull testaceous, long, rather slender. Not common. (E.) 117. tendens, n. Mas, pallide fusca, capite thoracisque disco ni- gro-fuscis, antennis 24-articulatis corporis longitudine, alis subcinereis, venis nigricantibus, halteribus pedibusque albidis. Long. 2 ; alar. 6 lin. Male. Pale brown, slender, linear. Head, disc of the thorax, and metatliorax blackish-brown. Antennas twenty-four-jointed, submonili- form, slightly verticillate-pilose, as long as the body ; petiole of each joint as long as the inerassated elliptical part. Wings greyish, hardly ciliated ; veins blackish ; subcostal vein very little less than half the length of the wing ; cubital slightly curved, ending on the hind border at a short distance from the tip ; snbapical apparent along the apical VOL. IV. Q 114 CECIDOMYZID^E. half of the wing, running close to the first fork of the subanal, which is whitish and indistinct ; second branch curved to the hind border very abruptly, and forming an almost right angle. Halteres and legs whitish, tire latter long and slender. Bare. In the British Museum. (E.) 118. Tremulse, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 273. 65 (1853). Nigro- fmca, capite thoracisque lateribus camels, alis amplis cinereis nigro- cinereo-pilosis, venis fuscis, abdomine incisuris carneis in immaturis toto carneo, pedibus subtus albo-nitentibus ; Mas, antennis fuscis 26- articulatis corpore paullo longioribus, articulis duplicatis petiolatis ; Fcem. antennis nigro-fuscis corpore multo brevioribus, articulorum pe- tiolis brevissimis, abdomine carneo fasciis nigris, oviductu brevi lamellis nullis. Long. 1-H lin. Blackish-brown. Head, sides of the thorax, and sutures of the abdo- men flesh-colour. Wings grey ; transverse veinlet situate a little before the middle of the subcostal vein ; anal vein and its second branch forming a rounded nearly right angle. Male. Antennae brown, twenty- six-jointed, a little longer than the body. Fern. Antenna3 blackish- brown, much shorter than the body ; joints about six times the length of their petioles. Abdomen flesh-colour, with black bands. Oviduct short ; first segment tawny ; second and third yellow, without valves. Lives in galls of various forms on Populus tremula ; changes to a pupa in the earth. 119. dolosa, n. Fcem. nigra, antennis corporis dimidio paullo longioribus, alis cinereis, venis nigris, abdomine piceo, oviductu brevi. Long. H ; alar. 3 lin. Black. Antennaj twelve-jointed ?, moniliform, verticillate-pilose, rather more than half the length of the body ; joints conical, single, with very short petioles. Wings grey, pubescent, ciliated ; veins black ; subcostal vein much more than half the length of the wing ; cubital nearly straight, ending at very little behind the tip of the wing, with a very oblique veinlet between it and the cubital ; subanal distinct, straight ; first branch of the anal very indistinct, running at some dis- tance from the subanal ; second branch curved very abruptly to the hind border. Abdomen dark piceous. Oviduct short. Legs moderately long, rather slender. Bare. In the British Museum. (E.) 120. notabilis, n. Mas,fusca, capite antennisque nigris, his cor- poris longitudine, scutello pectore thoracisque vittis duabus testaceis, alis cinereis, venis nigris, halteribus ventre pedibusque testaceis. Long. 1£ ; alar. 3 lin. Male. Brown. Head black. Antennae black, twenty-jointed, mo- niliform, verticillate-pilose, as long as the body; joints short, alter- nately single and double, rather longer than their petioles. Thorax with two pale testaceous stripes. Scutellum and pectus testaceous. Wings CECIDOMYIA. 115 grey, pubescent, ciliated ; veins black ; subcostal vein much less than half the length of the wing ; cubital slightly curved, ending near the tip ; subanal distinct ; first branch of the anal inclined abruptly to the subanal, and not distinguishable beyond ; second branch inclined very abruptly to the hind border, and forming an almost right angle. Hal- teres, abdomen beneath, and legs, pale testaceous. Legs slender, rather long. Not common. (E.) 121. verna, Curt.! B. E. 178 (1827). Mas? fusca, capite an- tennisque nigris, his corpore vix brevioribus, thoracis lateribus scutello abdominisque basi albidis, alis cinereis, venis nigris, halteribus albidis, pedibus pallide fuscis. Long. 1|; alar. 4 lin. Male ? Brown. Head and antennae black. AntennaB slender, ver- ticillate-pilose, nearly as long as the body; joints long, cylindrical, double, with petioles rather less than half their length. Scutellum, sides of the thorax, and abdomen at the base whitish. Wings grey, mi- nutely pubescent; veins black; subcostal vein much less than half the length of the wing ; cubital curved towards its tip, ending on the hind border at some distance from the tip of the wing ; subanal distinct, almost straight ; first branch of the anal slight, but distinct, running very near to the subanal ; second branch curved abruptly and hardly obliquely to the hind border. Halteres whitish. Abdomen pubescent. Legs pale brown, slender, rather long. Not common. (E.) 122. centralis, Wiim. Linn. Ent. viii. 277. 67 (1853). — annu- lipes? Meig. ; Hal. Fcem. fulva, antennis fuscis corporis dimidio paullo longioribus, articulorum petiolis brevissimis, thorace vittis tribus castaneo-fuscis, pectore nigricante, alls limpidis fusco-trifasciatis, venis fuscis, halteribus albis, oviductu abdornmis longitudine, pedibus albidis nigro-fasciatis. Long, f lin. Fern. Tawny. Antenna? brown, a little more than half the length of the body ; joints six times the length of their petioles. Thorax with three chestnut-brown stripes. Pectus blackish. Wings limpid, with three brown bands ; veins brown ; transverse veinlet situate before the middle of the subcostal vein ; anal vein and its second branch forming an almost right angle. Halteres white. Oviduct as long as the abdo- men, with two somewhat rounded valves. Legs whitish, with black bands. Kare. (E.) C. annulipes inhabits beech-trees. 123. Ceomatis, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 278. 68 (1853). Flava, antennis fuscescetitibus basi flavis, thorace vittis tribus fuscis, alis albis fusco quadrimaculatis, halteribus albis, pedibus pallide fuscis subtus flavis ; Mas, antennis corpore longioribus, articulis duplicatis longi- petiolatis ; Fcem. antennis corpore paullo brevioribus, articulis vix petiolatis, oviductu brevi lamellis duabus ovatis. Long. £ lin. Yellow. Antenna} brownish. Thorax with three brown bands. Wings 116 white, with four brown spots ; transverse veinlet at a little beyond the middle of the subcostal vein ; anal vein and its second branch forming an almost right angle. Halteres white. Legs pale brown, yellow beneath. Male. Antennae longer by half than the body ; double joints very little shorter than their petioles. Fern. Antennae live-sixths of the length of the body; joints almost sessile. Oviduct with two oval valves. Feeds on Ceoma miniatum, growing on the fallen leaves of the rose ; changes in the earth. 124. Cerasi, Loew, Pr.Pos. Gymn. 35. 19 (1850); Winn. Fulva, capite thoracisque disco nigro-fuscis aut castaneo-fuscis, antennis fuscis basi flavis, pectore nigro, alis subcinereis valde pilosis, venis fuscis, hal- teribus albo-flavis apice fuscis, abdomine sordide fusco-flavo incisuris nigricantibus, pedibus nigro-fuscis subtus albo-nitentibus, femoribus basi tarsisque posticis pallide flavis ; Mas, antennis corpora fere duplo longioribus, articulis duplicatis longi-petiolatis ; Fcem. antennis corpore brevioribus, articulorum petiolis brevissimis, oviductu brevi lamellis duabus ovatis. Long. £-1 lin. Tawny. Disc of the thorax brown. Wings greyish; transverse veinlet joining the middle of the subcostal vein ; anal vein and its second branch forming an almost right angle. Legs blackish-brown ; femora at the base and hind tarsi pale yellow. Male. Antennae nearly twice the length of the body ; double joints rather shorter than their petioles. Fern. •Antennae about two-thirds of the length of the body ; joints five times the length of their petioles. Oviduct short, with two oval valves. Feeds on the leaves of the Cherry, of the White-thorn, and of 125. cilipes, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 280. 70 (1853). Fulva, an- tennis fuscis basi flavis, thorace vittis tribus contiguis nigro-fuscis, pec- tore nigricante, alis fuscescentibus nigro-cinereo-pilosis, venis nigris, halteribus fuscis basi albo-flavis, abdomine fusco-flavo albo-hirto, pedibus pilosis nigris longissimis subtus albidis, tarsormn articulis tertio ad quintmn albicantibus ; Mas, antennis corpore multo longioribus, articulis dupli- catis longi-petiolatis ; Fcem. antennis corpore brevioribus, articulorum petiolis brevissimis, oviductu brevi lamellis duabus ovatis. Long. 1 lin. Tawny. Thorax with three blackish-brown stripes. Wings brown- ish ; transverse veiulet joining the middle of the subcostal vein ; anal vein and its second branch forming a rounded obtuse angle. Legs hairy, very long, black, whitish beneath ; third, fourth, and fifth joints of the tarsi whitish. Male. Antennas longer by half than the body; double joints rather shorter than their petioles. Fern. Antennas about two- thirds of the length of the body ; joints six times the length of their petioles. Oviduct short, with two oval valves. Lives in decayed wood of Fagus sylvatica. 126. decorata, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 281. 71 (1853). Fulva, CECIDOMYIA. 117 capite flavo, antennis fuscis basi flavis, thorace vittis tribus nigris con- tiguis, pectore nigricante maculis lateralibus riigro-cinereis, alls fusces- centibus nigro-ciuereo pilosis, venis nigris, halteribus fuscescentibus basi flavescentibus, abdomine fusco-flavo cinereo-hirtissimo, pedibus nigro- fasciatis ; Mas, antennis corpora multo longioribus, articulis duplicatis longl-j)etiolatis ; Fann. antennis corpore brevioribus, articulorum petiolis brevissimis, oviductu brevi lamellis duabus ovatis. Long. 1£ lin. Tawny. Thorax with three black stripes. Wings brownish ; trans- verse veinlet situate a little beyond the middle of the subcostal vein ; anal vein and its second branch forming a rounded obtuse angle. Legs with black bands. Male. Antennae longer by one-third than the body, like those of C. Cerasi, but with shorter hairs on the upper side. Fern. Antennae rather more than half the length of the body ; joints five times the length of their petioles. Oviduct short, with two oval valves. Lives in decayed beech-wood. The following species also belong to the Subgenus Diplosis : — C. Anthemidis, Loew. In the flowers of Anthemis arvensis. C. guttata, Loeio. C. pavonia, Loew. C. tenuis, Loew. C. Jacobaeae, Loew. In the flowers of Senecio Jacobcea. C. unicolor, Loew. C. simplex, Loew. C. Inulae, Loew. Lives in galls on Inula Britannica. C. brachyntera, Schwcegr. 127. Sarothamni, Loew, Pr. Pos. Gymn. 38. 48 (1850); Winn. Nigro-cinerea, capite, pectore antico, alis basi, metatliorace scutelloque fulvis, antennis nigro-fuscis, alis fascescentibns nigro-cinereo-hirtis, venis nigro-fuscis, halteribus fulvis, capitulis subtus ex parte fuscis, abdomine fusco subtus albo-hirto, pedibus piceis aut nigro-fuscis, femoribus saepissime pallidioribus ; Mas, antennis 15-articulatis corporis longitu- dine; Fcem. antennis 14-articulatis corporis dimidio non longioribus, oviductu longissimo valde acuminato lamellis nullis. Long. 2-2^ lin. Blackish-grey. Head, pectus in front, icings at the base, metathoraxy and scutellum tawny. Wings brownish; transverse veinlet situate at about one-fourth of the length of the subcostal vein ; second branch of the anal vein curved to the hind border. Male. Antennae fifteen- jointed, as long as the body. Fern. Antennae fourtcen-jointed, about half the length of the body. Oviduct very long, brownish-yellow, much acuminated, without valves. Lives in bud-like galls on the twigs of Sarothammis scoparius. 128. innotata, n. Mas, fusca, capite antennis thoracisque disco nigris, antennis corpore brevioribus, thorace postico testaceo, alis obscure cinereis albo-subnebulosis, venis nigris, abdoininis lateribus albido-vit- tatis, pedibus validis. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin. 118 CECIDOMYZIDvE. Male. Brown. Head, antennae, and disc of the thorax black. An- tenna3 filiform, shorter than the body ; joints long, cylindrical, not pe- tiolated. Hind part of the thorax dull testaceous. Wrings dark grey, pubescent, indistinctly mottled with white, ciliated on the hind border ; veins black ; subcostal vein ending at rather less than half the length of the wing ; cubital straight, ending at very little behind the tip of the wing ; subapical distinct, straight, running parallel and extremely near to the first fork of the subanal j hind fork of the subanal straight, inclined abruptly to the hind border, forming an acute angle with the first branch, which is slight. Abdomen pubescent, with a whitish streak along each side. Legs stout, moderately long. Bare. In the British Museum. (E.) 129. plena, n. Mas, nigra, cinereo-pubescens, antennis filiibrmi- bus, alls cinereis pubescentibus, venis nigris, halteribus albidis, pedibus robustis. Long. 1£ ;• alar. 3 lin. Male. Black, with grey down. Antennae filiform ; joints cylindrical, elongated, not petiolated. Wings grey, wholly downy ; veins black ; cubital vein ending very little behind the tip of the wing ; subapical vein indicated along nearly its own length by a slight streak ; second branch of the subanal vein almost straight, passing abruptly to the border, forming a slightly obtuse angle with the fore branch. Halteres dingy whitish. Legs stout, not long. Rare. In the British Museum. (E.) 130. ./Ethiops, n. Mas, nigra, antennis pilosis corpore paullo brevioribus, thoracis lateribus abdomineque cano-pilosis, alia nigro-cine- reis pubescentibus subnebulosis, venis nigris, pedibus validis. Long. 2 ; alar. 5 lin. Male. Black. Abdomen and sides of the thorax with hoary hairs. Antennee fourteen-jointed, filiform, pilose, a little shorter than the body ; joints long, cylindrical, not petiolated ; three or four terminal joints short. Wrings blackish-grey, broad, ciliated, very pubescent, indistinctly mottled with paler colour ; veins black ; subcostal vein ending at before half the length of the wing ; cubital almost straight, ending at a little behind the tip ; subanal distinct, nearly straight ; first branch of the anal distinct, running near and almost parallel to the subanal ; second branch curved obliquely and not abruptly to the hind border. Legs stout, pubescent, moderately long. Bare. (E.) 131. alb on o tat a, n. Mas, fusca, capite antennisque nigris, his corpore vix brevioribus, scutello thoracisque lateribus albidis, alis cinereis, venis nigris, halteribus albis, pedibus pallidefuscis. Long. 1|- 2 ; alar. 4-5 lin. Male. Brown. Head and antenna?- black. Antennas twelve-jointed ?, pubescent, filiform, nearly as long as the body ; joints long, cylindrical, not petiolated.. Scutellum and sides of the thorax whitish. Wings grey, pubescent, rather opaque, slightly ciliated ; veins black ; subcostal vein CECIDOMYIA. 119 a little less than half the length of the wing ; cubital nearly straight, ending at a little behind the tip of the wing ; subanal distinct, nearly straight ; first branch of the anal slight, running almost close to the subanal ; second curved obliquely but abruptly to the hind border. Halteres white. Legs pale brown, with a whitish tinge, rather stout, moderately long. Not common. (E.) 132. crassicornis, n. Obscure fusca, scutello albido, alls subcine- reis, halteribus albidis, pedibus pallide testaceis ; Mas, antennis corpore paullo longioribus. Long, f ; alar. 2 lin. Dark brown. Scutellum whitish. Wrings very slightly greyish ; veins brown ; subcostal vein a little less than half the. length of the wing ; cubital straight, ending at the tip of the wing; subanal nearly straight, distinct except near the base of the wing ; first branch of the anal ob- solete ; second curved abruptly and slightly obliquely to the hind bor- der. Halteres whitish. Legs pale testaceous, rather stout, moderately long. Male. Antennae twelve-jointed ?, filiform, stout, minutely pubes- cent, rather longer than the body ; joints long, cylindrical, not petiolated. Hare. (E.) The following species also belong to the Subgen. AspJiondylia : — C. Kibesii, Meig. On Rides rubrum ? C. Genistse, Loew. In green galls on Genista Germanica. C. Echii, Loew. In knobs on Echium vulgare. 133. fasciata, Meig. Zw. i. 94. 2 (1818); Winn. Fcem. fusca, antennis \^-articulatis, thorace fusco-flavo, vittis tribus nigro-fuscis, pectore nigricante, alis pallide cinereis, halteribus abdomineque albidis, hoc nigro-fasciato. Long. 3 lin. Fern. Brown. Antenna fourteen-jointed. Thorax brownish-yellow, with three blackish-brown stripes, and with a black spot on each side behind. Pectus blackish. Wings pale grey. Halteres yellowish-white. Abdomen yellowish-white, with a black shining band on the hind bor- der of each segment, from the first to the seventh. Meigen supposes that his C. grandis may be the male of C. fasciata, but does not mention whether the two are alike in the structure of the thorax. Winnertz describes a male, and observes that his, and the two following descriptions of males, — Cecidomyia fasciata, Bremi, Neue Denkschr. Schw. Gesell. 60 (1847), and Cecidomyia fasciata, Loew, Prog. Gymn. Pos. 31 (1850), — com- prise three distinct species. Rondani's genus Ozirhincus seems to be nearly allied to this and to the following species. 134. extrema, Walk. E. M. iii. 179 (1835) .—cucullata, Meig., var. ? Fcem. testacea, antennis nigricantibus %5-articulatis corporis dimidio brevioribus, thorace vittis tribus fulvis, alis cinereis, pedibus fuscis, pedibus robustis, tarsis incurvatis. Long. 2-2|; alar. 3^-4 lin. Fern. Testaceous. Antenna blackish, submoniliform, pilose, with 120 CECIDOMYZID^:. about twenty-five joints, less than half the length of the body ; joints approximate, nearly oval, not petiolated. Thorax advanced over the head, with three tawny stripes. Wings grey, rather short and narrow ; veins darker, as in C. ampla. Abdomen brown. Legs brown, stout ; tarsi curved. Var. /3. Abdomen tawny. Not common. In the British Museum. (E. S.) The following species seem to be nearly allied to C. extrema : — C. producta, Meig. C. rosea, Zett. C. protuberans, Zett. C. hirtipes, Zett. C. immunda, Zett. 135. funesta, n. Mas, nigra, thorace obscure ferrugineo vittis tribus nigris, alis cinereis, venis nigris, pedibus validis lougis. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin. Male. Black. Antennas submoniliform ; joints a little longer than broad. Thorax dark ferruginous, with three black stripes. Wings grey ; veins black ; subcostal vein much more than half the length of the wing ; cubital very slightly curved, ending on the hind border at some little distance from the tip ; subapical indicated by a streak ; se- cond branch of the subanal curved abruptly to the border, forming a very acute angle with the first, which is very indistinct. Legs long, stout. Rare. In the British Museum. (E.) This may be the male of C. extrema. 136. ampla, n. Testacea, antennis fuscis %§-articulatis corporis dimidio fere longioribus, thorace vittis tribus fuscis, alis subcinereis, abdomine univittato, pedibus longis. Long. 3 ; alar. 7 lin. Testaceous. Antenna brown, with about twenty -five joints; joints nearly oval. Thorax with three tawny stripes. Wings very slightly greyish ; veins pale ; subcostal vein ending at half the length of the wing ; cubital ending at the tip ; subapical ending at about half the distance from the cubital and the subanal, the latter abruptly curved to the border towards its tip. Abdomen with a slight darker dorsal stripe. Legs long, rather slender. Male. Antennae moniliform, verti- cillate-pilose, a little shorter than the body ; joints petiolated. Abdo- men brownish; hind borders of the segments pale testaceous. Fern. Antennas submoniliform, full half the length of the body, slightly ver- ticillate-pilose ; joints approximate, hardly petiolated. Abdomen with a slight dark tawny dorsal stripe. Rare. (E.) 137. crassipes, Loew, Pr. Pos. Gym. iv. 81. 2. Foem.fulva, an- tennis fuscis \Q-articulatis verticillato-pilosis, thorace fusco-trifasciato, alis subcinereis, halteribus pedibusque nigro-fuscis, his crassis. Long. 2 lin. Fern. Tawny. Antenna brown, sixteen- jointed, verticillate-pilose ; the last joint small, often not distinct. Thorax with three indistinct darker stripes. Wings greyish ; their pubescence brown along the fore CECIDOMYIA. 121 border, paler along the hind border. Halteres blackish-brown. Ab- domen reddish. Oviduct not exserted. Legs blackish-brown, stout. The oviduct is retracted in the preceding species of this sub- gentis ; in C. cornuta, Bremi, it is extended. 138. Fagi, Hartig, Jahresberichte i. 4(1836); Loew; Winn. Ni- gro-fusca, capite nigro, thorace trisulcato lateribus carneis, alls sublim- pidis cinereo-pilosis, venis pallide fuscis, costa nigro-fusca, halteribus fulvis, abdomine obscure carneo, femoribus basi flavescentibus ; Mas, an- tennis 24-articulatis corpore longioribus, articulis longi-petiolatis ; Foem. antennis articulis 20-22 non petiolatis, oviductu fulvo brevi lamellis duabus rotundatis. Long. 2-2i lin. Blackish-brown. Head black. Thorax with three ftirrows, flesh- colour on each side. Wings nearly limpid ; anal vein and its second branches forming a slightly obtuse angle. Abdomen dull flesh-colour. Femora yellowish at the base. Male. Antennae twenty-four-jointed, longer by one-fourth than the body ; joints as long as their petioles. Fern. Antennas twenty- to twenty-two-jointed, one-third of the length of the body; joints not petiolated. Oviduct tawny, short, with two round valves. Lives in the pyramidal galls on the leaves of Fagus sylvatica. These occur in great numbers on the beech-trees near Interlacken, in Switzerland, and are different from the slender horn-shaped galls which appear on the beech-leaves near London. (E. ?) 139. piligera, Loew, Pr. Pos. Gymn. 32. 6 (1850) ; Winn.— an- nulipes, Hartig. Nigro-fusca, palpis pallide fuscescentibus, antennis 17-20-articulatis fuscescentibus, thoracis lateribus abdomineque carneis, alis limpidis cinereo-hirtis, venis fuscescentibus, costa nigro-fusca, hal- teribus basi flavis, pedibus subtus albicantibus ; Mas, antennis corpore paullo longioribus, articulis brevi-petiolatis ; Fcem. antennis corporis dimidio non longioribus, articulis non petiolatis, oviductu elongate flavo lamellis nullis. Long. 1^-1 J lin. Blackish-brown. Antennas with eighteen or twenty joints, rarely with seventeen joints. Thorax on each side and abdomen flesh-colour. Wings limpid ; anal vein and its second branch forming a slightly obtuse angle. Male. Antennas a little longer than the body ; joints longer by one-third than their petioles. Fern. Antennae as long as the head and the thorax together ; joints not petiolated. Oviduct elongated, yellow, without valves. Lives in hairy galls on the leaves of Fagus sylvatica. 140. elegans, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 287. 76 (1853). Mas, nigra, nitida, antennis 20-articulatis fuscis corpore paullo brevioribus, arti- culis longi-petiolatis, thoracis lateribus carneis, alis subcinereis cinereo- pilosis, venis fuscis, halteribus basi albis, abdomine nigro-fusco incisuris albis, pedibus subtus vix albicantibus. Long. 1£ lin. Male. Black, shining. Antennae twenty-jointed, brown, shorter by VOL. IV. R 122 CECIDOMYZID.E. one-fourth than the body ; joints hardly longer than their petioles. Thorax flesh-colour on each side. Wings slightly grey; transverse veinlet joining the middle of the subcostal vein. Halteres blackish-brown, white at the base. Abdomen blackish-brown, with white sutures and a white dorsal line, along which on the fore borders of the segments from the third to the seventh are white dots. Legs blackish-brown, somewhat whitish beneath. Habits unknown. 141. bipunctata, Winn, Linn. Ent. viii. 288. 77 (1853). Mas, nigro-fusca, antennis 17-18-articulatis fuscis corpore paullo brevioribus, articulis cylindricis petiolatis, thorace flavo-hirto, alls subcinereis cinereo- hirtis, venis fuscis, halteribus fuscis basi flavis, abdominis incisuris fulvis, pedibus fuscis. Long. 1-1 -g- lin. Male. Blackish-brown. Antennas seventeen- to eighteen-jointed, brown, shorter by one-fourth than the body ; joints cylindrical, longer by one-fourth than their petioles. Thorax with yellow hairs. Wings slightly grey, with grey pubescence; veins brown; transverse veinlet situate a little beyond the middle of the subcostal vein ; anal vein and its second branch forming an almost right angle. Abdomen ivith tawny sutures and a tawny dorsal stripe ; seventh and eight segments tawny, each with tivo lateral blackish-brown spots. Legs brown. Lives in hairy galls on the leaves of Fagus sylvatica. 142. floricola, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 289. 78 (185 3). Mas, nigra, nigro-hirta, antennis fuscescentibus 18-articulatis albo verticilhito-pi- losis, thoracis lateribus carneis, alls amplis albidis cano-pilosis, venis fuscis, pedibns obscure fuscis ; Mas, antennis corpore paullo brevioribus, articulorum petiolis sat longis, abdomine sordideflavo-fusco, pedibus sub- tus argentatis ; Fcem. antennis corporis dimidio rcqualibus, articulorum petiolis brevissimis, abdomine cameo, oviductu elongate lamellis nullis, pedibus subtus albidis. Long. 1 lin. Black. Antennas brownish. Thorax flesh-colour on each side. Wings broad, whitish ; transverse veinlet at two-thirds of the length of the subcostal vein ; anal vein and its second branch forming an obtuse angle. Male. Antennas rather shorter than the body ; joints twice the length of their petioles. Abdomen dingy yellowish-brown. Legs silvery beneath. Fern. Antennas half the length of the body ; joints about six times the length of their petioles. Abdomen flesh-colour. Oviduct elongated, without valves. Legs whitish beneath. Lives in the flowers of Achillea Ptarmica. 143. lentipes, "Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 291. 79 (1853). Fcem.flava, antennis fuscescentibus 15-articulatis corpore brevioribus basi flavis, articulis longi-petiolatis, alls pallide subflavescentibus cinereo-hirtis, venis flavescentibus, oviductu brevi lamellis duabus parvis rotundatis. Long, i lin. Fern. Fellow. Antenna fifteen-jointed, brownish, somewhat shorter CECIDOMYIA. 123 than the body, yellow at the base ; joints a little longer than their petioles. Wings slightly aeneous-yellow , in some aspects almost lacteous, with grey pubescence ; veins yellowish ; transverse veinlet joining the middle of the subcostal vein ; anal vein and its second branch forming a slightly obtuse angle. Oviduct short, retracted, with two small some- what rounded valves. Lives in decayed wood. 144. Capreas, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 291. 80 (1853). Fulva, facie nigricante, palpis albis, antennis 14-articulatis fuscis cano-verti- cillato-pilosis, thorace fasciis tribus latis nigris, alls amplis albidis, costa nigro-cinerea, abdomine obscuro, pedibus nigro-fuscis, femoribus basi albido-flavis ; Mas, antennis corpore brevioribus, articulis longi-petio- latis ; Fern, antennis corporis dimidio fere brevioribus, articulis non petiolatis, pectore nigricante, oviductu mediocriter longo lamellis nullis. Long. |— 1 lin. Tawny. Face blackish. Palpi white. Antennse fourteen -jointed, brown. Thorax with three broad black stripes. Wings whitish ; trans- verse veinlet joining the middle of the subcostal vein ; second branch of the anal vein curved to the hind border. Legs blackish-brown ; fe- mora whitish-yellow at the base. Male. Antenna? shorter by one-third than the body ; joints as long as their petioles. Jem. Antenna? hardly half the length of the body ; joints sessile. Pectus blackish. Oviduct of moderate -length, without valves; first and second segments thick. Lives in pustule-shaped galls on the leaves of Salix Caprea and S. aurita; is transformed into the pupa beneath the leaves. It is probably the same as C. Caprea, Hardy, Scot. Gard. iii. 45 (1854), reared from rosettes of Salix Caprea. 145. graminicola, Kaltenbach, MSS. ; Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 292. 81 (1853). Albo-flava, antennis fuscis basi flavis cano-verticillato- pilosis, thoracis disco pectore et metathorace nigro -fuscis, alis amplis limpidis nigro-cinereo-pilosis, venis fuscis, costa nigro-fusca, pedibus fuscis subtus flavidis; Mas, antennis 19-20-articulatis corpore brevi- oribus, articulis mediocriter petiolatis, abdomine nigro-fusco incisuris albo-flavis; Fcem. antennis 19-articulatis corporis dimidio sequalibus, articuloram petiolis brevioribus, abdomine fulvo longissimo fasciis latis fuscis, oviductu brevi albo-flavo lamellis nullis. Long. 1-1| lin. Whitish-yellow. Disc of the thorax, pectus, and metathorax blackish- brown. Wings limpid; transverse veiulet at a little beyond the middle of the subcostal vein ; anal vein and its second branch forming an almost right angle. Legs brown. Male. Antennae nineteen to twenty- jointed, shorter by one-third than the body; joints about twice the length of their petioles. Abdomen blackish-brown, with whitish-yellow sutures. Fern. Antennae nineteen-jointed, half the length of the body ; joints about four times the length of their petioles. Abdomen tawny, with broad brown bands on the hind borders of the segments. Oviduct short, whitish-yellow ; tip broad, without valves. 124 CECLDOMYZID,E. Lives on Poa nemoralis, and forms oval, rough galls, in which it assumes the winged state. C. amcena, Loew, and C. gibbet, Zett., also belong to the Subge- nus Hormomyia. 146. angustipennis, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 293. 82 (1853). Fcem. flava, antennis fuscis basi flavis 13-articulatis corporis longitu- dine, articulis mediocriter petiolatis, thorace vittis tribus fuscis, alis longissimis angustis subfuscescentibus, venis fuscis, oviductu brevi la- mellis duabus longi-ovatis, pedibus fuscis longissimis. Long. -|- lin. Jem. Yellow. Antennae thirteen-jointed, brown, yellow at the base ; joints about twice the length of their petioles. Thorax with three brown stripes. Wings brownish, narrow, very long ; veins brown ; transverse veinlet at three-fourths of the length of the subcostal vein. Halteres yellow, with brown knobs. Oviduct short, with two elongated oval valves. Legs brown, very long ; second joint of the tarsi much longer than the tibise. Lives in decayed beech-wood. Note. Loew's subgenus Dirhiza contains only one species, D. itia, Loew. 147. defecta, Loew, Pr. Pos. Gymn. 38. 57 (1850) ; Winn. Pal- lide flava, alis longis angustis fere limpidis, venis pallide fuscesceritibus, halteribus albis, pedibus pallide fuscescentibus, tarsis apice albidis ; Mas, antennis 15-articulatis pallide fuscis corpore duplo longioribus basi petiolisque albo-flavis, his longissimis; Fcem. antennis 13-articu- latis fuscis basi flavis corpore vix brevioribus, petiolis brevioribus, ovi- ductu sat longo lamellis nullis. Long, fere 1 lin. Pale yellow. Wings nearly limpid. Halteres white. Legs pale brown ; fourth and fifth joints of the tarsi whitish. Male. AntennaB fifteen-jointed, pale brown, twice the length of the body ; joints half the length of their petioles, which are whitish-yellow. Fern. Antennae thirteen-jointed, brown, yellow at the base, almost as long as the body ; joints twice the length of their petioles. Oviduct moderately long, generally retracted, without valves. Lives in decayed beech-wood. 148. gracilis, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 298. 89 (1853). Flava, an- tennis fuscis basi flavis, thorace vittis tribus nigro-fuscis, alis sublimpidis, venis fuscis, halteribus pallide fuscis basi albis, abdomine flavescente fusco incisuris pallidioribus, pedibus fuscescentibus aut nigro -fuscis, tarsis apice niveis; Mas, antennis 16-articulatis corpore longioribus, articulorum petiolis longissimis; Fcem. antennis 13-articulatis corpore brevioribus, petiolis abbreviatis, abdomine toto flavo, oviductu brevi lamellis duabus ovatis. Long. 1 lin. Yellow. Antennae brown. Thorax with three blackish-brown stripes. Wings nearly limpid ; anal vein and its second branch forming an almost right angle. Abdomen yellowish-brown, with pale sutures. Legs CECIDOMYIA. 125 brownish or blackish-brown ; third, fourth, and fifth joints of the tarsi snow-white. Male. Antennas sixteen-jointed, longer by half than the body; joints half the length of their petioles. Fern. Antennae thir- teen-jointed, shorter by one-third than the body; joints three times the length of their petioles. Oviduct short, retracted, with two oval valves. Lives on decayed wood. 149. valvata, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 302. 94 (1853). Fcem.flava, antennis 24-articulatis pallide fuscis basi flavis corpore brevioribus, articulomm petiolis abbreviatis, palpis albidis longissimis, thorace vittis tribus castaneo-fuscis, alis sublimpidis cinereo-hirtis, venis fuscescentibus, oviductu crasso, valvulis duabus apicalibus nigris, lamellisque duabus par- vis rotundis, pedibus longissimis piceis, tarsis apice niveis. Long. 1 lin. Fern. Yellow. Antennas twenty-four-jointed, pale brown, yellow at the base, shorter by one-third than the body ; some of the joints about thrice the length of their petioles ; five or six apical joints without pe- tioles. Palpi whitish, very long. Thorax with three chestnut-brown stripes. Wings nearly limpid, with grey pubescence; veins brownish; anal vein and its second branch forming an almost right angle. Abdo- men clothed with hoary hairs. Oviduct long, stout, yellow, with two black apical valves, between which is the aperture of the oviduct, and two very small round valves. Legs piceous, very long, whitish beneath ; third, fourth, and fifth joints of the tarsi snow-white. Pound on the decayed stems of Carpinus Betula. 150. nodicornis, Winn. Linn. Eut. viii. 300. 92 (1853). Mam, antennis fuscis basi flavis, thorace vittis tribus nigro-fuscis, pectore nigri- cante, alis subcinereis cinereo-pilosis, venis fuscis; Mas, anteimis 21- articulatis corpore longioribus, articuloruin petiolis elongatis, halteribus albis, pedibus pallide fuscescentibus, femoribus basi flavis, tarsis apice niveis ; Foem. antennis %$-articulatis corpore brevioribus, petiolis bre- vissimis, oviductu elongate lamellis duabus parvis longi-ovatis, pedibus nigro-fuscis, femoribus basi subtusque flavescentibus, tarsis apice niveis. Long. !-!-£ lin. Yellow. Antennae brown. Thorax with three blackish-brown stripes. Pectus blackish. Wings greyish ; transverse veinlet situate at a little before two-thirds of the length of the subcostal vein ; anal vein and its second branch forming a rounded, slightly obtuse angle. Male. An- tennoa twenty-one-jointed, longer by nearly half than the body ; joints and petioles of almost equal length towards the base, the latter longer in the middle, but much shorter in the apical part of the antennas. Fern. Antennae twenty -six-jointed, shorter by one-third than the body ; joints about four or five times the length of the petioles. Oviduct elongated, with two very small elongate-oval valves. Lives on decayed beech-wood. 151. nemoralis, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 302. 93 (1853). Fcem. 126 CEOIDOMYZID^. fulva, antennis %%-articulatis corporis dimidio paullo longioribus, ar- ticulorura petiolis elongatis, thorace vittis tribus abbreviatis fere contiguis nigro-fuscis, pectore maculis duabus nigricantibus, alls subcinereis cinereo- hirtis, venis fuscis, halteribus flavis, capitulis castaneo-fuscis, abdomine flaw indsuris nigricantibus, oviductu elongate lamellis duabus longi- bvatis, pedibus fuscis, femoribus basi flavis, tarsis posticis niveis. Long. li lin. Fern. Tawny. Antenna twenty-two-jointed, rather more than half the length of the body ; most of the joints rather shorter than their petioles. Thorax with three almost confluent abbreviated blackish-brown stripes. Pectus with two blackish spots. Wings greyish, with grey pubescence ; veins brown. Halteres yellow, with chestnut-brown knobs. Abdomen yellow, with blackish sutures. Oviduct long, with two elongate-oval valves. Legs brown ; femora yellow at the base ; hind tarsi snow-white, except at the base. Lives on decayed wood. 152. pallipes, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 295. 84 (1853). Fcem.fia- va, antennis fuscis basi flavis \%-articulatis corpore paullo brevioribus, articulorum petiolis brevissimis, thorace vittis tribus contiguis fuscis, alis fuscescentibus cinereo-hirtis, venis fuscis, halteribus fuscis basi pallidi- oribus, abdomine fusco-flavo cano-piloso, oviductu brevi lamellis duabus ovatis, pedibus fuscis, tarsis albis. Long, 1£ lin. Fem. Yellow. Antennae thirteen-jointed, brown, yellow at the base ; joints about thrice the length of their petioles. Thorax with three con- tiguous brown stripes. Wings brownish, with grey pubescence ; veins brown; anal vein and its second branch forming a rounded obtuse angle. Halteres brown, paler at the base. Abdomen broivnish-yellow, with hoary hairs. Oviduct short, with two oval valves. Legs brown, tarsi white. Habits unknown. 153. leucopeza, Meig. Zw. vi. 268. 19(1830); Loew; Winn. Mas,flava, antennis fuscescentibus basi flavis 13-articulatis, petiolis non elongatis, thorace vittis tribus nigro-fuscis, alis fuscescentibus, halteribus fuscis, pedibus obscure fuscis, tarsis apice niveis. Long. !•£ lin. Male. Yellow. Antennae thirteen-jointed, brownish, yellow at the base, nearly as long as the body ; joints twice the length of the petioles. Thorax with three blackish-brown stripes. Wings brownish ; anal vein and its second branch forming a rounded obtuse angle. Halteres brown. Abdomen with hoary hairs. Legs dark brown; tarsi white towards the tips. Habits unknown. 154. albimana, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 296. 85 (1853). Foem.fla- va, antennis fuscescentibus basi flavis 13-articulatis, petiolis elongatis, thorace vittis tribus nigro-fuscis, alis fuscescentibus cinereo-pilosis, venis obscure fuscis, halteribus fuscis, oviductu brevi lamellis duabus parvis ovatis, pedibus nigro-fuscis, tarsis apice niveis. Long. 1^- lin. CECIDOMYIA. 12? Fern. Yellow. Antenna thirteen-jointed, brownish, yellow at the base ; joints and their petioles of nearly equal length. Thorax with three blackish-brown stripes. Wings brownish, with dark grey pubescence ; veins dark brown ; second branch of the anal vein curved to the hind border. Halteres brown. Abdomen with hoary hairs. Oviduct short, retracted, with two very small oval valves. Legs blackish-brown ; tarsi whitish towards the tips. Lives in decayed wood. 155. albitarsis, Meig.Zw. vi.268. 20(1840); Mcq.; Loew; Winn. Fcem.flava, antennis fuscescentibus basi flavis 13-articulatis, petiolis non elongatis, thorace vittis tribus contiguis nigris, alis fuscescentibus nigro- cinereo-hirtis, venis nigro-fuscis, halteribus albis apice fuscis, abdominis incisuris nigricantibus, pedibus nigro-fuscis, tarsis apice niveis. Long. IT lin. Fern. Yellow. Antenna thirteen-jointed, brownish, yellow at the base ; joints twice the length of their petioles. Thorax with three con- tiguous black stripes. Wings brownish, with blackish-grey pubescence ; veins blackish-brown; anal vein and its second branch forming a rounded obtuse angle. Halteres white with brown knobs. Abdomen with blackish sutures ; its hairs whitish. Legs blackish-brown ; third and fourth joints of the tarsi white. Lives in decayed wood. 156. dorsalis, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 297. 88 (1853). Fcem.fusco- Jlava, capite postice nigro, antennis nigris 13-articulatis corporis di- midio paullo longioribus, petiolis non longis, thorace vittis tribus con- tiguis nigris, alis fuscescentibus nigro-cinereo-pilosis, venis nigro-fuscis, halteribus flavis, capitulis subtus nigricantibus, abdomine fasciis nigris, pedibus nigris, femoribus basijlavis. Long. 1-| lin. Fern. Brownish-yellow. Head behind black. Antenna thirteen- jointed, black, a little more than half the length of the body ; joints more than twice the length of their petioles. Thorax with three confluent black stripes. Wings brownish ; with blackish-grey pubescence ; veins blackish-brown ; anal vein and its second branch forming a rounded obtuse angle. Halteres yellow; knobs blackish beneath. Abdomen with black bands. Oviduct short, retracted, with two small, somewhat rounded valves. Legs black ; femora and coxse yellow at the base. Habits unknown. 157. venusta, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 299. 90 (1853). Mas, flam, antennis nigris basi flavis corpore longioribus 16-articulatis, petiolis albidis longissimis, thorace vittis tribus pallide rufo-fuscis, alis fuscescen- tibus ciriereo-pilosis, venis fuscis, pedibus longis pallide fuscescentibus, tarsis albicantibus. Long. 2 lin. Male. Yellow. Antenna sixteen-jointed, black, yellow at the base, longer by nearly the half than the body ; petioles whitish, less by one- third than twice the length of the joints. Thorax with three pale red- 128 CECIDOMYZID^;. dish-browm stripes. Wings brownish, with grey pubescence; veins brown; anal vein and its second branch forming an obtuse angle. Legs long, pale brownish ; tarsi whitish. Lives on decayed wood. 158. analis, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 300. 91 (1853). Mas, nigra, antennis 16-articulatis corpore longioribus, articulorum petiolis elon- gatis, humeris alls basi scutello et metathorace fulvis, pectore nigro- cinereo, alis subfuscescentibus cinereo-pilosis, venis fuscis, halteribus albis, abdomine sordide fusco-Jlavo incisuris nigricantibus, pedibus lon- gissimis nigro-fuscis, femoribus basi carneis. Long. 1 lin. Male. Black. Antenna? six teen-jointed, half as long again as the body, yellow at the base ; petioles towards the base as long as the joints, longer by half towards the middle, and shorter towards the tips of the antenna3. Humeri, wings at the base, scutellum, and metatJiorax tawny. Pectus blackish-brown. Wings brownish, with grey pubescence ; veins brown ; second branch of the anal vein curved to the hind border. Halteres white. Abdomen dingy brownish-yellow ; sutures blackish. Legs blackish-brown, very long ; femora flesh-colour at the base. Habits unknown. 159. nigrina, n. Fcem. nigra, antennis 12-articulatis corpore multo brevioribus, alis angustis subcinereis, venis nigricantibus, halte- ribus pedibusque fuscis, oviductu longissimo. Long. J ; alar. 2 lin. Fern. Black. Antenna? twelve-jointed, submoniliform, much shorter than the body ; joints nearly elliptical, with very short petioles. Wings narrow, slightly greyish ; veins blackish ; subcostal vein nearly half the length of the wing ; cubital almost straight, ending at a little behind the tip of the wing ; subanal and first branch of the anal almost obso- lete ; second branch curved obliquely and not abruptly to the hind border. Halteres and legs brown, the latter moderately long and slender. Oviduct as long as the body. Not rare. (E.) The Subgen. Epidosis also includes the three following species : — C. fragilis, Loew. C. longipes, Loew. C. sericata, Loew. 160. pectoralis, Winn. Linn. Ent. viii. 303. 95 (1853). Fulva, capite flavo, antennis pallide fuscis basi flavis, thorace vittis tribus fuscis aut nigris, alis limpidis cinereo-hirtis, venis fuscis, halteribus albidis, pedibus pallidis, femoribus tibiisque supra tarsisque fuscescentibus ; Mas, antennis 16-24-articulatis corpore longioribus longi-verticillato-pilosis, petiolis longis ; Fcem. antennis 15-26-articulatis corpore brevioribus, articulorum petiolis brevissimis aut nullis, oviductu elongato lamellis duabus parvis longiusculis. Long, -i-1 lin. Tawny. Head yellow. Antenna? pale brown, yellow at the base. Thorax with three brown or black stripes. Wings limpid, with grey CECIDOMYIA. 129 pubescence ; veins brown ; cubital vein ending almost at the tip of the wing ; anal curved to the hind border. Halteres whitish. Abdomen with hoary hairs. Legs pale ; femora and tibia? above and tarsi brownish. Male. Antennae sixteen- to twenty-four-jointed, longer by half than the body ; joints as long as their petioles, longer in some parts. Fern. An- tenna? fifteen- to twenty-six-jointed, shorter by one-third than the body ; petioles very short or none. Oviduct long, with two small elongated valves. Habits unknown. 161. lugubris, Winn; Linn. Ent. viii. 305. 96 (1853). Fusco- flava, palpis pilosis, antennis 14-articulatis, thoracis disco nigro-fusco nitido, alls nigricantibus nigro-hirtis, halteribus sordide flavis, capitulis nigris, femoribus tibiisque nigro-fuscis subtus flavis, tarsis nigris ; Mas, antennis corpore vix brevioribus, articulorum petiolis elongatis; Fcem. antennis corporis dimidio non longioribus, petiolis brevissimis, oviductu elongate lamellis duabus longiusculis. Long, li lin. Brownish-yellow. Palpi pilose. Antenna? fourteen-jointed. Disc of the thorax blackish-brown, shining. Wings blackish, with black pu- bescence, appearing whitish in some aspects ; cubital vein ending at the tip of the wing ; anal vein more or less curved to the hind border. Halteres dingy yellow, with black knobs. Abdomen with hoary hairs. Femora and tibia? blackish-brown, yellow beneath ; tarsi black. Male. Antenna? almost as long as the body ; joints twice the length of the petioles. Fern. Antenna? half the length of the body ; joints five times the length of the petioles. Oviduct elongated, with two rather long valves. Lives in decayed wood, and in Polyporus versicolor. 162. tenella, n. Testacea, antennis nigris verticillato-pilosis, alls limpidis basi perangustis, venis testaceis ; Mas, antennis corpore duplo longioribus ; Fcem. antennis corpore multo brevioribus, oviductu brevi. Long. 1-li ; alar. 3^ lin. Testaceous. Antenna? black, verticillate-pilose. Wings limpid, very narrow towards the base ; veins testaceous ; subcostal vein about one- third of the length of the wing ; cubital curved towards the tip of the wing parallel to the border, ending near the tip ; subanal slight ; first branch of the anal obsolete ; second branch curved abruptly and slightly obliquely to the border. Male. Antenna? sixteen-jointed ?, about twice the length of the body ; joints round, hardly half the length of their petioles, which are testaceous ; whorls of hairs very long. Fern. An- tenna? twelve-jointed ?, much shorter than the body ; joints nearly cylin- drical, with very short petioles. Oviduct short. Rare. (E.) The three following species belong to the Subgen. Asynapta : — C. longicollis, Loew. C. longicauda, Loew. C. Boucheaua, Loew. Salicis, Bouche. VOL. iv. s 130 CECIDOMYZID^E. The following Cetidomyia have also been noticed or described, but I cannot with certainty refer them to any group or sub- genus : — C. pennicornis, Linn. On AristolocJiia Clematitis. C. longicornis, Linn. On Cnicus palustris. C. Verbasci, Fall. ; Leon Duf. ; Macq. On Verbascum Thapsus. C. cerealis, Suter ; Kollar. On Arena sativa. C. Pose, Pal. de Beauv. ; Bosc. On Poa trivialis. C. Bromi, Hammersch. On Bromus tectorum. C. nigra, Meig.; Hammersch. On Pyrus communis. C. Pini-maritimse ; Leon Duf. On Pinus maritima. C. Populi, Leon Duf. On Populus. C. Ericse, Leon Duf. On Erica Scoparia. C. fuscicollis, Meig. ; Bouche. On Artemisia campestris. C. Pyri, Bouche. On Pyrus communis. C. Hyperici, Cr£ft£ On Hypericum perforatum and ^". humifttsum. C. scutellata, Jf^. ; -Sot'e. On PJiragmitis communis. C. saligna, ^aro^, Scot. Gard. iii. 47 (1854). Eosettes of the leaves of 8. aurita and S. cinerea. C. (Uabdophaga) viminalis, Westw. In the pith of the willow. C. Tilise, Schr. On the lime-tree. In June the galls of Cecidomyia Tilice ? are not uncommon on the young shoots growing from the stumps of lime-trees, by the banks of the Wye, near Chepstow. They are round or oblong, green on one side, bright red on the other ; some of them contain more than twenty separate cells, each inhabited by one larva. The latter is about one line of length, of a bright yellow colour, and has the faculty of leaping like the larva of Piopkila. It is full grown in the third week of June. C. Populia? Sckr. In galls on Populus tremula. C.? Sonchi, Bremi. On Sonchus oleraceus. C.? Leontodontis, Bremi. On Leontodon Taraxacum. C. sanguinea, Bremi. In galls on the root-leaves of Hieracium mu- rorum. % C. strobilina, Bremi. In excrescences on the leaves of Salix purpu- rea. C. capitigena, Bremi. In knobs on the barren shoots of Euphorbia Cyparissias. C. strumosa, Bremi. In swellings on the leaves of the shoots of Galeobdolon luteum. C. Stachydis, Bremi. In galls on Stachys sylvalica. C. Onobrychidis, Bremi. On Onobrychis sativa. C. Hosoe, Bremi. On Rosa canina. C. llanunculi, Bremi. On the leaves of Ranunculus bulbosus and Tri- folium pratense. CECfDOMYIA 131 C. tortilis, Bremi. In excrescences on the leares of Alnus incana. C. Cinerearuin, Hardy, Scot. Gard. iii. 14 (1854). Rosettes of the leaves of S. aurita and S. cinerea. C. Salicis-folii, Hardy, Scot. Gard. iii. 80 (1854). Woody galls of the leaf of 8. aurita, 8. oleifolia, and 8. Caprea (larva only). C. Fraxini, Bremi; Hardy, Scot. Gard. iii. 139 (1854). Forms galls on ash-leaves. Not rare. (E. I.) C. Fraxinicola, Hardy, Scot. Gard. iii. 141 (1854). Forms galls on ash leaves (larva only). C. Roboris, Hardy, Scot. Gard. iii. 108 (1854). Rolls up the edges of the oak-leaf like a wire. C. Rosarum, Bremi; Hardy, Scot. Gard. iii. 168 (1854). C. Rhodophila, Hardy, Scot. Gard. iii. 170 (1854). C. Oidii, Hardy, Scot. Gard. iii. 170 (1854). Mildew of roses and of the hawthorn. C. ? Hardy, Zool. vi. 2166 (1848). Nigra, alis obscuris basi subflavescentibus, abdomine carneo, pedibus palEde testaceis. Long. f-1 lin. " Allied to C. bicolor, Meig. Female. Head and thorax black ; sides of the latter purplish in life. Antenna rather long, brown ; joints in life pale at the base and at the tips. Wings with a dark tinge, slightly yellowish at the base, finely fringed ; veins coloured with the red matter of the body, two distinctly marked. Halteres pale testaceous. Ab- domen dull flesh-colour in death, purplish in life, dusky at the tip ; a duskier band across each segment, bearing rows of whitish bristly hairs, most distinctly seen at the sides ; beneath, with a row of dusky bristles, bearing points along the centre. Ovipositor as long as one-third of the body, flesh-coloured, slightly brown above, approaching to a bulbous form at the base, narrowed to a point, which is pale. Legs long, slender, pale testaceous. Male. Smaller than the female. Front and the pectus before the anterior legs pale pink-coloured. Eyes and an- tennse black. Abdomen dusky, somewhat hairy, narrower than that of the female, with a row of impressions on each side above, pale at the tip, which is furnished with two hooks. Larva white, with a slight pink tinge, inhabits a large dark green protuberant gall, which rises from the middle of the flower of the tansy, Tanacetum vulgare" Found by Mr. Hardy, in the county of Durham, during the autumn. C. Danae, Holiday, MSS. Fcem. nigra, antennis moniliformibus pubescentibus, articulis ovatis contiguis, alis oblongis nigro-pubescen- tibus et ciliatis, abdomine maculis lateralibus albis, oviductu sat brevi, pedibus mediocriter longis. " Female. Black. Antenna? moniliform, pubescent ; the joints ovate, contiguous. Wings oblong, with black pubescence and marginal cilia. Abdomen with clear white lateral spots (or interrupted bands). Ovi- positor rather short. Legs of moderate length." — llaliday, MSS. 132 CECIDOMYZIDjE. Many other species have been described, but their economy has not been ascertained, and the characters assigned to them are not sufficiently definite. The following additional species have been recorded as British : — 1. C. grandis, Meig. Zw. i. 94. 1 (1818). 2. C. lateralis, Meig. Zw. i. 96. 5 (1818). 3. C. palustris, Linn. Faun. Suec. 1775 (1761). 4. C. nigricollis, Meig. Zw. i. 97. 8 (1818). 5. C. griseola, Meig. Zw. i. 97. 9 (1818). 6. C. griseicollis, Meig. Zw. i. 97. 10 (1818). 7. C. bicolor, Meig. Zw. i. 98. 12 (1818). 8. C. carnea, Meig. Zw. i. 98. 13 (1818). 9. C. fuscipennis, Meig. Zw. i. 98. 14 (1818). 10. C. lutea, Meig. Zw. i. 99. 16 (1818). 11. C. pictipennis, Meig. Zw. vi. 270. 27 (1830). Genus II. LASIOPTERA. LASIOPTERA p., Meig. Zw. i. 88 (1818) ; Mcq. ; Zett. ; Loew ; Winn. ; Rondani. Subgeu. Lasioptera et ClinorJiyncha, Loew ; Winn. Tipula p., Schr. Cecidomyia p., Meig. Kl. Zw. Corpus parvum aut minimum. Caput parvum, rotundatum. Oculi lunati. Ocelli mdli. Proboscis brevissima. Palpi exserti, 4-arti- culati ; articuli primus et secundus crassiores ; tertius et quartus tenuiores. AutennaB 12-24-articulatse, porrectas, submomliformes, corpore breviores, articulis approximatis. Thorax ovatus. Ala in- cumbentes, latse, pubescentes, ciliataB; vents cubitalis et subapicalis obsolete, subanalis distincta, analis plus minusve obsolete furcata. Abdomen cylindricum, segmentis 8. Pedes plerumque longi, gra- ciles, tarsis longissimis, metatarso saapissime brevissimo. Body delicate, small or very small. Head small, sphseroidal, sessile. Eyes lunate. Ocelli none. Proboscis very short. Palpi exserted, four-jointed ; first and second joints thicker than the others. Antennas porrect, twelve- to twenty-four-jointed, not much longer than the head and the thorax together, submoniliform ; joints approximate, somewhat hairy. Thorax oval. Wings incumbent, broad, hairy, ciliated; costa in some species thickened, and concealing the mediastinal and subcostal veins ; cubital and subapical veins obsolete ; subanal distinct ; anal forked, the first branch indistinct or obsolete. Abdomen cylindrical, with eight segments. Legs generally long and slender ; tarsi very long ; metatar- sus most often very short. The Lasioptera infest plants, and are nearly similar to the Cecidomyia in their habits and economy. The species are few in number, and generally of rare occurrence. LASTOPTEHA. 133 a. Metatarsus short. b. Abdomen with yellow bands. Species 1. b b. Abdomen wholly black. Species 2. a a. Metatarsus long. Species 3. 1. picta, Meig. Zw. i. 89. 1 (1818) ; Winn. Picea, capite, halte- ribus abdominis fasciis interruptis venti'eque flavis, antennis nigris, thora- cis lateribus pectoreque fulvis, alls limpidis, tibiis apice tarsisque nigris. Long. li; alar. 3 lin. Piceous. Head yellow. Antennae black. Thorax tawny on each side and beneath. Wings limpid; veins and cilia black; costa apparently thick, the costal, mediastinal, and subcostal veins being contiguous ; subanal vein straight ; anal indistinctly forked, forming with its second branch an extremely obtuse angle, its first branch almost obsolete. Halteres yellow. Abdomen with an interrupted yellow band on each seg- ment j underside yellow. Legs long, slender, yellow ; tarsi longer than the tibiae ; hind tarsi about thrice the length of the tibia ; tarsi and tips of the tibia3 black. Rare. In the British Museum. (E.) 2. albipennis, Kl. Zw. i. 40. 5 (1804). Atra, alls limpidis apice subcinereis, venis nigris, costa albo-uniguttata, pedibus piceis validiuscu- lis. Long. 1|- ; alar. 3 lin. Deep black. Wings limpid, greyish at the tips ; veins and cilia black ; costa with a white spot at the tip of the subcostal vein ; subcostal and mediastinal veins distinct, separate ; subanal vein straight ; anal form- ing with its second branch a slightly curved line ; first branch indis- tinct, very near the anal vein. Legs piceous, rather stout, moderately long ; tarsi longer than the tibia. Eare. In the British Museum. (E.) 3. stygia, Hoffm. MSS. ; Meig. Zw. i. 91. 7 (1818). Obscure fusca, subtus sordide flava, antennis nigris, alia nigro-cinereis pubescen- tibus, venis nigris, pedibus validiusculis albidis. Long, -j ; alar. 2 lin. Brownish, dingy yellow beneath. AntenuaB black. Wings dark grey, very thickly pubescent ; veins black ; subcostal vein distinct, ending at beyond three-fourths of the length ; subanal distinct, indistinctly forked towards its tip ; anal forming a very obtuse angle near its tip ; the fore branch obsolete. Legs rather stout, moderately long, with whitish reflec- tions ; metatarsus longer than any of the following joints. Eare. (E.) Lasioptera ~Rubiy Schr., lives in excrescences on the stems of different species of Rulus, and probably is also a British species. L. anricincta, Winn., lives at the roots of Festuca praten-ns, changes to a pupa in a snow-white covering, and appears two weeks afterwards in the fly state. 134 BIBIONID^E. FAMILY IV. BIBIONIDJE. Hirteides, Bilb. ; Zett. Bibionites, Newm. Bibionides, Westw. Tipu- larioe muscaformes p., Meig. Scatopsides, Zett. Corpus magnum aut mediocre. Ocelli tres. ProtJiorax conspicum. Mesothoracis scutum indivisum. Ala sat lalse ; areola discalis nulla. Body large, of middling or of very small size. Ocelli three. Pro- thorax conspicuous. Scutum of the mesothorax undivided. Wings mo- derately broad, with no discal areolet. The Scatopsides are united to the Bibionida, and this family will thus contain two distinct groups, each of which contains two British genera. rnine-jointed ........ BIBIO. cylindrical j ~ > DlLOPUUS. leleven-jointed. Palpi . Antennae 4 (jery Sn0rt . SCATOPSE. "-capitate ............... ASPISTES. Genus I. BIBIO. BIBIO, Geoifr. H. N. Ins. (1764) ; Latr. ; Oliv. ; Meig. ; Mcq. ; Curt, ; Loew ; Westw. Tipula p., L. ; F. Sp. Ins. ; D. G. ; Gmel. ; Schr. ; Panz. Hirtea p., F. E. S. ; Meig. Kl. Zw. ; Zett. Corpus validum, elongatum, magnum aut mediocre. Ocelli trcs. Labrum breve, trigonum. Lingua lanceolata. Labium bilobatum, hirtissimum. Palpi 5-articulati, pilosi ; articulus primus brevissimus ; secundus linearis, tertio longior ; tertius et quartus subclavati ; quar- tus tertio brevior ; quintus linearis, quarto longior et multo gracilior. Antennae 9-articulatae, breves, submoniliformes, porrectse; articuh primus et secundus sublineares, pilosi; tertius et sequentes transver- si ; nonus rotundatus. Thorax subovatus, valde convexus. Alae sat latae, non elongates. Halteres longi. Abdomen 9-annulatum, tliorace multo longiiis. Pedes validi ; femora et tibiss canaliculata ; tibia? calcaribus duabus apicalibus, antica? spina longa robusta apicali ; tarsi non elongati. Mas. Caput latum, rotundatum. Oculi maximi, supra conjuncti. Abdomen apice obtusum. Tibia? postica? clavata?. Fcem. Caput ovatum, angustum. Ocelli parvi, remoti. Abdomen apice acuminatum. Body stout, elongated, large or of middle size. Ocelli three, approx- imate. Labrum short, triangular, membranous and pubescent at the apex. Lingua lanceolate, dilated at the base, membranous and pu- bescent at the apex, as long as the labrum. Labium shorter than the head, membranous, bilobed, very hairy. Palpi five-jointed, pilose; first joint very short ; second linear, longer than the third ; third and BIBIO. 135 fourth subclavate ; fourth shorter than the third ; fifth linear, longer and much more slender than the fourth. Antennas nine-jointed, sub- inoniliform, porrect, short ; first and second joints nearly linear, pilose ; third and following joints transverse ; ninth rounded. Thorax nearly oval, very convex. Wings of moderate size ; costal vein ending at a little in front of the tip of the wing ; mediastinal and subcostal veins ending at bevond half the length of the wing ; the first very slight ; radial ending at before two-thirds of the length ; cubital proceeding from the angle of the prsebrachial transverse veinlet, ending at the tip of the costal vein ; subapical forked before two-thirds of the length of the wing, its fore fork curved ; praebrachial emerging from the subanal at one-third of the length of the wing, ending at an equal distance between the subapical and the subanal ; anal not reaching the border ; subaxillary imperfect ; areolets thirteen,- — the humeral, the radical, the mediastinal, the radial, the cubital, the pra3brachial, the pobrachial, which is much longer than the prsebrachial, the subapical, three externo- medial, the anal, and the axillary, the two latter being partly united ; posterior margin forming an acute angle at full twice the length of the humeral areolet from the base. Halteres long. Abdomen with nine segments, much longer than the thorax. Legs stout, moderately long ; femora and tibiae channelled ; tibias with two apical spurs ; fore tibia3 with a long apical spine ; joints of the tarsi from the first to the fourth successively decreasing in length ; fifth a, little longer than the fourth ; ungues and onychia distinct. Male. Body very hairy. Head large, broad. Eyes very large, very hairy, connected above. Abdomen obtuse at the tip ; hind tibiae clavate. Female. Body rather hairy. Head slender. Eyes small, remote. Abdomen acuminated at the tip. Larva subter- raneous, vermiform, cylindrical, furnished with twenty spiracles, and with transverse rows of short hairs, which serve for locomotion. Head furnished with two obtuse hooks. Pupa naked, enclosed in a smooth oval cell ; its thorax very gibbose, with the rudimental wings and legs very short. The species of Bibio are mostly vernal; they abound chiefly in meadows, and occasionally appear in great numbers ; their larvae feed on the roots of grass. The males, like other Nemocerce, often hover in the air, with their hind legs vertical. "The legs all point backwards in flight, the long anterior pair forming an acute angle with the body." The species may be grouped thus : — a. Legs of the male and of the female wholly black. Species 1-4. a a. Legs of the male and of the female partly red. b. Femora of the male red. Species 5. b b. Femora of the male black. c. Body of the male with black hairs. Species 6. c c. Head and thorax of the male with black hairs ; abdomen with pale hairs. Species 7, 8. r c c. Head of the male with black hairs ; thorax and abdomen with pale hairs. Species 9. 136 c c c c. Thorax and abdomen of the male partly with black, partly with pale hairs. Species 10. a a a. Legs of the male black, of the female red. Species 11, 12. 1. Marci, L.S.N. ii. 976.38 (1767); D. G. ; F.; Gmel. ; Geoff.; Schr. ; Panz. ; Meig. ; Mcq. ; Loew ; Gim. ; Zett. — brevicornis (mas), L. ; F. ; Gmel.—febrilis, Z. ; F. ; Schr. ; Gmel. Ater, nigro-pilosus ; Mas, alis albis ad costam nigricantibus, stigmate nigricante, venis albis apud costam nigris ; Fcem. alls fuscis ad costam nigricantibus, venis fuscis apud costam nigris. Long. 4-5 ; alar. 8-10 lin. Deep black, clothed with black hairs. Male. Wings white, blackish along the costa ; stigma blackish ; veins towards the costa black, the rest white. Jem. Wings brown, blackish along the costa ; veins towards the costa and stigma black, the rest pale brown. Generally distributed. Its appearance is nearly contempora- neous with St. Mark's day, whence its name. (E. S. I.) 2. leucopterus, Meig. Kl. Zw. i. 110. 5 (1804); Hal; Zett. Ater, nigro-pilosus; Mas, alis albis, venis albis apud costam nigris; Foem. alis nigricantibus. Long. 3-4 ; alar. 6-8 lin. Black. Male. Body clothed with black hairs. Wings white ; veins towards the costa and stigma black, the other veins white. Fern. Wings blackish, darker along the costa ; stigma and veins black. Not common. A vernal species. (E. I.) 3. hortulanus, L. S. N. ii. 977. 46 (1767) ; Geoff. ; F. ; Gmel. ; Rossi ; Schr. ; Latr. ; Meig. ; Mcq. ; Gim. ; Loew ; Zett. Niger, albido- hirtus ; Mas, alis limpidis ad costam fuscis, venis albis apud costam nigro- fuscis; Foem. thoracis dorso abdomineque rufo-luteis, alls cinereis ad costam fuscis. Long. 3-4 ; alar. 6-8 lin. Black. Body clothed with lohitish hairs. Male. Wings limpid, brown along the costa ; stigma and veins towards the costa blackish-brown ; the other veins white. Fern. Thorax above and abdomen reddish-luteous. Wings grey, brown along the costa ; veins towards the costa and stigma blackish-brown; the other veins whitish. Not rare. A vernal species. (E. S. I.) 4. venosus, Meig. Zw. i. 315. 10 (1818); Curt.! B. E. 138; Mcq. ; Guer. ; Zett. — nervosa, Meig. Kl. Zw. Niger, albido-pilosus, alis albido-hyalinis, stigmate minore nigro subovato, venis pallide fuscis basi albis apud costam nigris. Long. 3^-4 ; alar. 7-8 lin. Black, clothed with whitish hairs. Wings whitish-hyaline; stigma rather small, black, nearly oval ; veins towards the costa black ; the rest pale brownish, white towards the base. Not common. A vernal species. (E.) 5. Pomonse, F. Sp. Ins. ii. 410. 52 (1781); Gmel.; Herbst ; Douov. ; Latr. ; Meig. ; Mcq. ; Gim. ; Loew ; Zett. Niger, nigro- pilosus, alis limpidis, stigmate nigricante, venis albis apud costam nigris, femoribus runs. Long. 3|— 4| ; alar. 7-9 lin. BIBIO. 137 Black, clothed with black hairs. Wings limpid ; stigma blackish ; veins towards the costa black, the rest white. Femora red. Not rare. Vernal and autumnal. (E. S. I.) 6. Johannis, L. S. N. ii. 976. 41 (1767); D. G.; Geoff.; Latr.; Meig. ; Mcq. ; Gim. ; Zett. ; Loew. — Pyri, F. — prcecox, F. — hyalina, Meig. Kl. Zw. — Pomonee, Schr. — Marci? Schr. Niger; Mas, nigro- pilosus, alis albis, venis albis apud costain nigris, tibiis tarsisque rufes- centibus; Fcem. alis subcinereis, venis pallide fuscis apud costam ob- scurioribus. Long. 2^-3 ; alar. 5-6 liu. Black. Male. Clothed with black hairs. Wings white ; stigma and veins towards the costa black, the other veins white. Tibiae and tarsi reddish, the latter black towards the tips. Fern. Clothed with short black hairs. Wings slightly greyish ; veins towards the costa and stigma brown, the other veins pale brown. Generally distributed. Its appearance is nearly contempora- neous with St. John's day, whence its name. (E. S. I.) 7. ferruginatus, L. S. N. ii. 976 (1767); F.; Gmel. ; Meig.; Mcq. ; Gim. ; Loew ; Zett.—jlavicaudis, D. G. — -fulviventris ? Meg. ; Meig. Niger ; Mas, nigro-pilosus, alis cinereis ad costam fuscescentibus, abdomine albo-piloso, tarsis rufescentibus ; Fcem. alis subcinereis, venis albidis apud costam fuscis, pedibus rafts. Long. 3|~4 ; alar. 7-8 liu. Black. Male. Head and thorax clothed with black hairs. Wings grey, brownish along the costa ; stigma dark brown ; veins black to- wards the costa, the rest pale brown. Abdomen clothed with white hairs. Tarsi reddish. Fern. Wings greyish ; stigma and veins towards the costa dark brown, the other veins whitish. Legs red. Common. A vernal species. (E. I.) 8. lanigerus, Hoffm. ; Meig. Zw. i. 317. 14 (1818) ; Hal.— vernalis, Meig. ; Mcq. ; Zett. — laniger, Meig. Zw. vi. ; Mcq. ; Loew. Niger; Mas, nigro-pilosus, alis subcinereis ad costam fuscis, abdomine albido-piloso, tibiis tarsisque rujis ; Fcem. alis subcinereis ad costam obscurioribus, venis pallide fuscis apud costam obscurioribus, pedibus runs. Long. 2^-3 ; alar. 5-6 lin. Black. Male. Head and thorax clothed with black hairs. Wings greyish, brown along the costa; stigma dark brown ; veins towards the stigma black, the other veins pale brown. Abdomen clothed with whitish hairs. Tibia and tarsi red. Fern. Wings greyish, a little darker along the costa ; stigma and veins towards the costa brown, the other veins pale brown. Halteres brown. Legs red ; tarsi darker ; tro- chanters and knees black. Generally distributed. A vernal species. (E. S. I.) 9. nigriventris, Hal. E. M. i. 157 (1833); Loew; Zett.— albi- pcntiis, Meig. — lacteipennis, Zett. Niger ; Mas, albido-pilosus, capite nigro-piloso, alis subcinerascentibus, venis pallide fuscis ad costam VOL. IV. T 138 BIBIONID.E. nigro-fuscis ; Fcem. alis cinereis ad costam fuscescentibus, pedibus rivfis. Long. 2|~3 ; alar. 5-6 lin. Black. Male. Head clothed with black hairs. Thorax and abdo- men clothed with whitish hairs. Wings 'very slightly greyish, a little darker along the costa ; stigma and veins towards the costa blackish- brown, the other veins pale brown. Tarsi and hind tibiae reddish or reddish-piceous. Fern. Wings grey, brownish along the costa ; veins towards the costa and stigma brown, the other veins pale brown. Legs red ; coxse, trochanters, knees, spines of the fore tibiae, and tips of the tarsi black. Not common. A vernal species. (E. I.) 10. hybridus, Hal. E. M. i. 157 (1833); Loew. Mas, niger, pallide pilosus, pilis capitis abdominisque segmeuti primi omnibus, thoracis scutellique ex parte nigris, tibiis tarsisque ferrugineis. Long. 2-2-J- ; alar. 4 lin. Male. Black, clothed with pale hairs. Hairs of the head and of the first abdominal segment wholly, of thorax and of the scutellum partly, black. Tibiae and tarsi ferruginous. Bare. (I.) 11. nigripes, Meig. Zw. i. 316. 9 (1818); Gim. Niger; Mas, nigro-hirtus, alis subcinereis apud costam obscurioribus, abdomine albo- piloso; Fcem. alis subcinereis, pedibus runs. Long. 3-3^; alar. 6-7 lin. Black. Male. Head and thorax clothed with black hairs. Wings greyish, dark grey along the costa ; stigma dark brown ; veins towards the costa black, the other veins pale brown. Abdomen clothed with white hairs. Fern. Body clothed with short whitish hairs. Wings greyish, a little darker along the costa ; stigma brown ; veins towards the costa black, the other veins pale brown. Legs red ; tips of the femora, of the tibiae, and of the joints of the tarsi black. Not common. (E. S.) 12. clavipes, Meig. Zw. i. 317. 3 (1818); Hal.; Mcq. ; Zell. ; Gim. ; Loew ; Zett. — Johannis p., E. ; Gmel. ; Schr. ; Meig. Kl. Zw. — dorsalis, Meg.; Meig. — -Jlavicollis, Meg.; Meig. — -fulvicollis ? Gim. • — ephippium, Zett. I. L. Niger ; Mas, nigro-pilosus, alis limpidis ad costam nigricantibus, abdomine albo-piloso ; Fcem. thorace normunquam plus minusve rufo, pectore ventreque rufescentibus, alis sublimpidis, pedibus runs. Long. 3-4 ; alar. 6-8 lin. Black. Male. Head and thorax clothed with black hairs. Wings limpid, blackish along the costa ; stigma and veins towards the costa black, the other veins white. Abdomen clothed with white hairs. Fern, things nearly limpid ; stigma and veins brown. Pectus and abdomen reddish beneath. Legs red; tips of the femora and of the tarsi and fore tibiae black. — Var. /3. Thorax with two red spots in front. — Var. y. Thorax red, with three black dorsal stripes. — Var. 8. Thorax red, with two black dorsal stripes. — Var. e. Thorax wholly red. D1LOPHUS. 139 Generally distributed. An autumnal species. (E. S. I.) It is possible that the preceding description comprises two species, for Mr. Haliday has remarked that B. dorsalis appears only in woods, and that B. clavipes is common during the autumn in turnip-fields, where B. dorsalis does not occur. Genus II. DIL.OPHUS. DILOPHUS, Meig. Zw. i. 305 (1818) ; Mcq. ; Westw. ; Zett. Tipula p., L. ; F. E. S. ; Mull. ; Schr. j Gmel. Hirtea p., F. Suppl. Bibio p., Latr. Corpus validum, elongatum, mediocre. Ocelli tres. Labrum breve, trigonum. Lingua lanceolata. Labium bilobatum, hirtum. Palpi 5-articulati, hirti; articulus primus brevis ; secundus longior; tertius adhuc longior, dilatatus ; quartus et quintus graciles, lineares. An- tennce Yl-articulatte, breves, subrnoniliformes, porrectas ; articuli prinio ad septirnum transversi, cyathiformes ; tertius sat magnus ; octavus, nonus, decimus, et undecimus clavam fingentes ellipticam. Thorax subovatus. Prothorax seriebus duabus transversis pectinato-denticu- latis. Ala3 sat latee, non elongate. Halteres longi. Abdomen 9-annulatum, thorace longius. Pedes validi; tibise anticae extus bi- spinosae, apiee bicalcarataB. Mas. Corpus pilosum. Caput latum, rotundatum. Oculi maximi, hirti, supra connexi. Abdomen angus- tum. Fcem. Corpus fere giabrum. Caput ovatum, angustum. Oculi parvi, remoti, nudi. Abdomen latius. Body stout, elongate, of moderate size. Ocelli three. Labrum short, trigonate. Lingua lanceolate. Labium bilobed, hairy. Palpi five-jointed, hairy ; first joint short ; second longer ; third still longer, dilated ; fourth and fifth slender, linear. Antenna? eleven-jointed, short, subrnoniliform, porrect ; joints from the first to the seventh transverse, cyathiform ; third rather large ; eighth, ninth, tenth, and eleventh forming an elliptical club. Thorax nearly oval, with two transverse ridges in front. Wings of moderate size ; costal vein ending at hardly in front of the tip of the wing ; subcostal and mediastinal veins ending at beyond half the length, the latter slight ; radial ending a little beyond the subcostal ; cubital proceeding from the angle formed by the prsebrachial transverse veinlet, joining the costal before the tip of the latter ; subapical forked at a little before two-thirds of the length of the wing; prsebrachial emerging from the subanal at a little beyond two-thirds of the length of the wing, ending at nearer to the subapical than to the subanal, connected by an oblique transverse veinlet with the fork of the sub- apical ; anal and axillary veins imperfect. Halteres rather long. Ab- domen with nine segments, longer than the thorax. Legs moderately stout ; fore tibiae with two spines on the outer side, and with two apical spurs ; joints of the tarsi from the first to the fourth successively cle- 140 BIBIONID^E. creasing in length ; fifth much longer than the fourth ; uiigues and onychia distinct. Male. Head broad. Eyes very large, connected above. Abdomen obtuse at the tip. Fern. Head narrow. Eyes small, remote. Abdomen slightly acuminated. This genus is nearly allied to Bibio in habit, structure, and economy. 1. spinatus, Miiller, Faun. Fridr. 695; Zool. Dan. Prodr. 169. 1982 (1776). — nigritus, OMv.—forcipatus, Latr.; Schr.—febrilis, Meig. Klass. — vulgaris, Meig.; Mcq.; Gim.; Loevv.; Zett. Niger; Mas, alls albis, apud costam pallide fuscis, venis albis apud costam nigris ; Fcem. alls nigricantibus, apud marginem posticum cinereis, apice sublimpidis. Long. 2£-3£; alar. 5-7 lin. Black. Male. Wings white, slightly clouded with pale brown along the costa ; stigma blackish; veins towards the costa black, the other veins white. Fern. Wings blackish, grey along the hind border, nearly limpid at the tips ; stigma and veins black. Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) " In profusion everywhere, most so on sand-hills. Appears in conservatories even during a severe frost in the middle of winter." — Hal. MSS. 2. femoratus, Meig. Zw. i. 307. 2 (1818); Mcq.; Zett.; Gim. Nigra, alis albis, stigmate nigro-fusco, venis albis apud costam fusces- centibus ; Fcem. femoribus rufis. Long. 2^—3; alar. 5—6 lin. Black. Wings white ; stigma blackish-brown ; veins towards the costa brownish, the rest white. Fern. Femora and fore coxaa red. "Common on Umt>elliferte."—ffal. MSS. (E. T.) Genus III. SCATOPSE. SCATOPSE, Geoff. H. N. Ins. (1764); Schr.; Fab. S.A.; Meig.; Mcq.; Loew ; Zett. Tipula p., L. ; F. E. S. ; D. G. Hirtea p., F. Suppl. Ceria, Scop. Corpus parvum aut minimum, elongatum, glabrum, nitidum. Caput rotundatum, thorace angustius. Oculi reniformes, margine antico pro antennarum insertione nonnihil excisi, non connexi. Ocelli tres. Palpi occulti, uniarticulati. Antennas 11-articulatae, porrectse, cras- siusculas, cylindricas, submoniliformes, capite paullo longiores, arti- culo undecimo rotundato. Thorax convexus, ovatus. Scutellum par- vum. Alas longas, nudee, hyalina3 ; vena3 apud costam bene deter- minate, in disco indistincta3. Halteres distincti. Abdomen depres- sum, lineare aut obconicum, segmentis 6 vel 7 distinctis. Pedes sim- plices, nudi, inermes, subasquales. Mas. Abdomen basi subcontrac- tum, apice obtusum. Fcem. Abdomen lineare, apice subacuminatum. Body small, or very minute, long, narrow, smooth, shining. Head rounded, narrower than the thorax. Eyes reniform, remote, slightly excavated at the insertion of the antennas. Ocelli three. Palpi very SCATOPSE. 141 short, hidden, apparently one-jointed. Antennae eleven-jointed, por- rect, cylindrical, rather stout, nearly moniliform, a little longer than the head, the eleventh joint rounded. Thorax convex, oval. Scutellum small. Wings long, bare, hyaline ; veins very distinct towards the costa, indistinct in the disc of the wing ; subcostal vein proceeding from near the base of the wing, varying in length ; radial proceeding from the angle of the transverse vein, which bounds the praebrachial areolet, varying in length ; subapical including the tip of the wing be- tween its forks, which commence opposite the tip of the radial vein, with which its fore fork is connected by a slightly recurrent transverse vein ; pobrachial vein nearly obsolete, as are also its two forks, the ex- terno-medial and the subanal veins ; anal and subaxillary veins distinct, the latter very undulating. Areolets twelve, — the subcostal and the radial, which are partly united, the cubital, the praebrachial, which is very small, the pobrachial, which is open and imperfect, three subapical, the externo-medial and the anal, which are imperfectly divided from the pobrachial, the axillary, and the subaxillary. Posterior margin slightly curved inward, but not angular near the base. Halteres dis- tinct. Abdomen depressed, linear or obconical, with six or seven dis- tinct segments, longer than the thorax. Legs simple, bare, unarmed, nearly equal in size. Larva long, fusiform, apod, with two short points at the sides of the prothorax and of the eight basal segments of the abdomen, which is terminated by two elongated divergent setae. Feeds on decaying vegetable or animal substances. The species may be grouped thus : — a. Eadial vein longer than two-thirds of the wing. b. Subcostal vein less than one-third of the wing. Species 1, 2. b b. Subcostal vein about one-third of the wing. Species 3. b b b. Subcostal vein more than one-third of the wing. Species 4-7. a a. Eadial vein longer than half the wing. Species 8-12. a a a. Eadial vein half the length of the wing. Species 13. a a a a. Eadial vein one-third of the length of the wing. Species 14. 1. notata, L. F. S. 1773 (1761); Gmel. ; Schr. ; Latr. ; Meig. ; Mcq. ; Gim. ; Zett. ; Loew. — nectaria, L. ; Gmel. — decemnodia, Scop. — nigra, Geoff.; Schr.; Latr.; Meig.; Mcq.; Gim. — latrinarum, D. G.; Meig. Kl. Zw. ; Oken. — albipennis, F. ; Meig. Kl. Zw. — punctata, Meig.; Zett. I. L.; Gim. ; Ferris. Atra, nitens, alis limpidis, thoracis lateribus nonnunquam albo-vittatis, alis limpidis, venis albis apud cos- tarn nigris; Mas, metatarso postico abbreviate. Long. 1-1^; alar. 2|-3 lin. Black, shining. Wings limpid; costal, subcostal, and radial veins black, the rest white; subcostal vein ending before one-third of the length of the wing ; radial ending with the costal beyond two-thirds of the length. — Yar. /3. A white stripe on each side of the thorax. Generally distributed ; frequents flowers, wails, windows, and 142 BIBIONID^E. sewers, from the spring to the autumn, and occasionally dwells in clusters beneath the bark of pales. (E. S. I.) 2. bifilata, Hal. MSS. Nigra, thorace parum nitido subtilissime pallido pubescente, pedibus nigro-fmcis, tibiis luteis apice (tibiis posticis etiam annulo media) nigricantibus, alls hyalinis, radice, lineola ante alas et puncto infra (hoc obscurius) flavis, venis costali subcostali et radiali pallide flavis, cseteris decoloribus, halteribus flavidis ; Mas, abdomine apice valvulis 2 subfalcatis nigris, filis 2 erectis pallidis tarso postico longioribus, altero paullo longiore apice setaceo, altero obtuso ; Fcem. abdominis apice valvulis compressis obtusis, antennis articulis discretis. Long, fere H ; alar, fere 4 lin. Black. Thorax with very fine pale pubescence, slightly shining. Wings limpid ; primary veins pale yellow, the rest colourless. Halteres yel- lowish. Legs piceous black ; tibia luteous, with blackish tips ; hind tibiae with a blackish band across the middle. Male. Abdomen with two subfalcate apical valves. Fern. Joints of the antennas not crowded to- gether. Abdomen with two apical, obtuse, compressed valves, and with two long apical setas ; one setaceous at the tip, rather longer than the other, which is obtuse. Eare. In Mr. Holiday's collection. (I.) 3. consimilis, Hal. MSS. Nigra,nitida, antennis brevioribus quam S. notatte, alls hyalinis, vena costali pallide flava, subcostali et radiali adhuc pallidioribus, ca3teris decoloribus, halteribus albidis, venis de- cursu fere qualibus S. scutellata, modo radiali costa parallela quam attingit flexu subito (abruptius quam S. notatae), porro vena radiali paullo propiore ab apice vena3 subcostalis, et areola subcostalis fere an- gustiore, pedibus piceis, tibiis basi luteis. Long, vix 1 ; alar. 2^ lin. Black, shining. Antenna? shorter than in 8. notala. Thorax narrow, compressed. Wings limpid ; primary veins yellow. Halteres whitish. Legs piceous ; tibia luteous at the base. Not rare on Umbelliferce. In Mr. Haliday's collection. (I.) 4. flavicollis, Meig. Zw. i. 302. 8 (1818); Mcq. ; Gim. ; Loew ; Zett. — ochracea, Meig. Fulva, capite antennisque nigris, alis subiim- pidis, venis albis apud costam fulvis, abdominis dorso nigro ; var. /?. thoracis dorso riigro. Long. 1-l^j alar. 3-3^ lin. Tawny. Head and antennae black. Wings nearly limpid ; costal, subcostal, and radial veins tawny, the^rest white ; subcostal vein ending at very much beyond one-third of the length of the wing ; radial ending with the costal at much beyond two-thirds of the length; subapical with very long forks. Abdomen black above, excepting the hind borders of the segments. — Var, /3. disc of the thorax black. Appears in the autumn ; frequents the flowers of the Ivy, and often appears on the Oak and on the Larch, amongst swarms of S. picea, feeding on the honey dew of Aphis Roboris and of A. Laricis. (E. I.) SCATOPSE. 143 5. picea, Hoffm. Meig. Zw. i. 302. 7 (lSlS).—scutellata?, Fries MSS. ; Loew ; Zett. Picea, antennis nigris, thoracis lateribus testa- ceis, alis limpidis, venis halteribusque albidis, illis apud costam fulvis, tibiis basi testaceis. Long. 1 ; alar. 3 lin. Piceous. Antennas black. Thorax testaceous on each side. Wings limpid; costal, subcostal and radial veins tawny, the rest and the halteres whitish ; tibias testaceous towards the base. Associates with the preceding species, and is much more abundant. (E. I.) 6. infumata, Hal. E. M. i. 157 (l%Z3).—nigripennis?, Meig.— fuscinervis, Loew. — var.? annulipes, Roser. Nigra, alis cinereis, venis fuscescentibus, ad costam nigris, tibiis basi apiceque albis, tarsis albis apice nigris. Long. J; alar. 2 lin. Black. Wings grey ; costal, subcostal, and radial veins black, the rest brownish ; subcostal vein ending at a little beyond one-third of the length of the wing ; radial ending with the costal at beyond two- thirds of the length. Halteres white. Tibiae white towards the base and at the tips ; tarsi white, black towards the tips. "Hare, in moist groves/' (E. I.) 7. minuta, Meig. Zw. i. 301. 4 (ISlfy.—dubia, Meig. Kl. Zw. Nigra, alis sublimpidis, venis albis apud costam nigris. Long, f ; alar, li lin. Black. Wings nearly limpid ; costal, subcostal and radial veins Hack, the rest white ; subcostal vein ending at rather beyond one-third of the length of the wing ; radial ending with the costal at a little beyond two-thirds of the length. Not rare. (E. S.) 8. clavipes, Loew; Linn. Ent. i. 333. 7 (1846); Zett. Nigra, alis limpidis, venis albis apud costam nigris, pedibus validis nigro-piceis ; Mas, tibiis posticis clavatis ; Fcem. tibiis posticis subclavatis. Long. 1£ ; alar. 3 lin. Black, shining, Wings limpid ; costal, subcostal, and radial veins black, the rest white ; subcostal vein ending at beyond one-third of the length of the wing ; radial at some distance from the costal, ending with the costal at much before two-thirds of the length. Legs stout, blackish piceous. Male. Hind tibice clavate. Jem. Hind tibice slightly clavate. Rare. In the British Museum. (E.) 9. integrata, n. Nigra, alis subcinerascentibus, venis albidis apud costam nigris. Long. -|; alar, li lin. Black. Wings very slightly greyish ; costal, subcostal, and radial veins black, the rest whitish ; subcostal ending at about one-fourth of the length of the icing ; radial ending at some distance before two-thirds of the length. Hare. (E.) 144 10. soluta, Loew, Linn. Ent. i. 335. 8 (1846). Nigra, alls lim- pidis, venis albis apud costam testaceis, vena radiali a costa remota, sub- apicalis ramo antico basi interrupto. Long. 1 ; alar. 2 lin. Black. Wings limpid ; costal, subcostal, and radial veins testaceous, the rest white ; subcostal ending at a little beyond one-third of the length of the wing ; radial rather far from the border, ending at some distance beyond half the length. Common. (E. I.) 11. simplex, n. Nigra, alis subcinereis, venis albidis apud costam nigris. Long. 1^ ; alar. 1^ lin. Black. Wrings slightly grey ; costal, subcostal, and radial veins black, the other veins whitish ; subcostal vein ending at about one-third of the length of the wing ; radial ending with the costal at some distance be- yorid half the length. Bare. (E.) 12. albitarsis, Zett. Dipt. Scand. ix. 3408. 14 (1850). Nigra, elongala, alis albis, venis albis apud costam testaceis, tarsis albis. Long. li ; alar. 2 lin. Black. Body rather long. Wings white; costal, subcostal, and radial veins testaceous, the rest white ; subcostal vein ending at a little before half the length of the wing ; radial ending at a little beyond half the length. Tarsi white. Common. (E. I.) 13. halterata, Meig. Zw. vii. 55. 16 (1838); Loew. Nigra, alis limpidis, venis albis apud costam nigricantibus. Long. -|; alar. 1^- lin. Black. Wings limpid ; costal, subcostal and radial veins blackish, the other veins white ; subcostal ending at a little beyond one-fourth of the length of the wing ; radial ending with the costal at half the length. Eare. (E.) 14. brevicornis, Meig. Zw. vi. 334. 11 (1830); Loew; Zett.— septemnodia, Schr. Nigra, antennis brevissimis, alis albis, venis albis apud costam nigricantibus. Long. \— f ; alar. |— f lin. Black. Antenna very short. Wings white ; costal, subcostal, and radial veins blackish, the rest white ; subcostal ending at about one- fourth of the length of the wing ; radial ending with the costal at one- third of the length. Common. (E. S. I.) Genus IV. ASPISTES. ASPISTES, Hoffm.; Meig. Zw. i. 319 (1818); Mcq. ; Zell. ; Loew; Zett. Corpus ininutum, oblongo-ovatum, glabriculum, nitidum. Caput ro- SIMULID^E. 145 tundatum, thorace angustius et humilius. Oculi remoti, integri. Ocelli tres. Palpi occulti. Antennae 12-articulatae?, porrectse, cras- siusculae, subcylindricas, capitatce, capite paullo longiores. Thorax gibbus, disco antico macula scutelliformi subquadrato-ovali subtiliter punctulata. Scutellum transversura. Alse magnaa, nudae, hyalinse. Halteres distincti. Abdomen 8-annulatum, latum, depressum. Pedes validiusculi, subpubescentes ; antici coxis majoribus, femoribus eras- sis aut crassissimis subtus setulosis, tibiis intus spina longiuscula terminatis ; tibiaa posteriores apice breviter calcaratae. Body very small, oblong-oval, shining, nearly smooth. Head round- ed, narrower and lower than the thorax. Eyes remote, entire. Ocelli three. Palpi hidden. Antenna3 twelve-jointed ?, capitate, porrect, rather thick, nearly cylindrical, a little longer than the head. Thorax gibbous, with a subquadrate-oval, finely punctured, scutelliform spot on the disc in front. Scutellum transverse. Wings large, bare, hyaline ; subcostal vein rudimentary ; radial ending at much before half the length of the wing ; cubital ending at much before two-thirds of the length ; sub- apical proceeding from near the tip of the cubital, ending at the tip of the wing ; subanal proceeding from the cubital before half its length ; anal and subaxillary distinct, the latter forming an angle. Areolets seven, — the humeral, which is very short, the radial, the cubital, the subapical, the anal, the axillary, and the subaxillary. Posterior margin slightly curved inward near the base. Halteres distinct. Abdomen broad, depressed, with eight segments. Legs rather stout, slightly pubescent ; fore coxa3 large ; fore femora thick or very thick, slightly bristly beneath; fore tibias with a rather long apical spine; hinder tibiaB with short apical spurs. This genus is nearly allied to Scatopse in habit and structure. 1. pullus, Hal. MSS. Nigra, nitens, thorace pubescente subni- tido, alis limpidis, venis apud costam nigris, pedibus testaceis, tibiis posticis apice femoribusque nigris. Long. J ; alar. 1^- lin. Black, shining. Thorax gibbous, pubescent, slightly shining. Wings limpid ; costal, subcostal, and radial veins black ; radial vein incrassated at its junction with the costal ; the other veins colourless. Legs tes- taceous ; femora black ; hind tibia3 with black tips. Rare. In Mr. Haliday's collection. (I.) FAMILY Y. SIMULIDJB. TipularicB latipennes, Meig. ; Mcq. Simulates, Newra. Simulides, Zett. Simulince, Rondani. Ocelli nulli. MesotJioracis scutum integrum. Vena costalis ante alsubcylindricis. Ocelli none. Scutum of the mesonotum undivided. Wings and halteres developed. "Wings narrow, without veins along the posterior margin ; costal vein ending near the tip of the wing. Legs generally attenuated ; tibiae and tarsi slender, nearly cylindrical. These flies are usually called Midges ; generally inhabit water or watery ground during their larva-state ; and some species occur in innumerable multitudes, and their numbers must much contri- bute to remove or change to earth the decaying vegetable matter, which is their earliest food. The larvse of a few species dwell be- neath the bark of trees. I am indebted to Mr. Haliday for the characters in the following grouping of the genera : — a. Proboscis distinct, with (4-) jointed palpi. Metathorax produced over the base of the abdomen. b. Mesosternum compressed, gibbous, descending as low as the ends of the posterior coxae. c. Wings oblong, with the anal angle more or less abrupt. d. Antennae with twelve joints or more in the male, seven or eight in the female. 1. CHIRONOMUS. d d. Antennae fifteen -jointed, plumose in the male, with the penultimate joint elongated. Pobrachial areolet closed ex- ternally. 2. TANYPUS. c c. Wings nearly spatulate, the anal margin being sloped without an angle. 3. CORYNONEURA. b b. Metathorax short, descending. Posterior coxae extending down- wards beyond the convex mesosternum. 4. CERATOPOGON. a a. Proboscis and palpi obsolete. Wings coriaceous. 9. CLUNIO. Genus I. CHIRONOMUS. CHIRONOMUS, Meig. Illig. Mag. (1801) ; Fabr. ; Latr. ; Curt. ; Mcq. ; Zett.; Westw.; Stseg.; Gim. Tipula p.,L.; F.E.S.; D.G.; Schr. Tanypus p., Lam. 150 CHIRON OMID.E. Corpus elongatum, mediocre, aut parvum, aut minimum, saapissime pubescens. Caput parvum, sessile. Oculi reniformes, remoti. Pro- boscis brevis. Palpi 4-articulati, incurvi, subcylindrici ; articulus primus brevissimus ; secundus et tertius aequales ; quartus longior et gracilior. Antennas porrecta3, filiformes. Thorax ovatus aut longi- ovatus, antice plus minusve productus. Scutellum mediocre. Alee angustre, elongate, lanceolate, deflexae. Abdomen segmentis 8, gra- cile. Pedes autici plus minusve elongati. Mas. Antennae plumosae, 13-articulata3. Fcem. AntennaB verticillato-pilosaB, 6-articulatae. Body of moderate size, or small, or very minute. Eyes reniform, broader beneath, separate in both sexes. Mouth not elongated. Palpi four-jointed, prominent, curved, pubescent, nearly cylindrical ; first joint very short ; second and third of moderate and equal length ; fourth a little longer and more slender. Antennas porrect, filiform, seated in a notch of the eye. Thorax oval or elongate-oval, higher than the head, more or less protuberant in front, very generally with three dark stripes. Scutellum of moderate size. Wings narrow, elon- gate, lanceolate, deflexed, slightly ciliated along the hind border, gene- rally bare, pubescent in some species ; mediastinal vein more than half the length of the wing, not extending to the border ; subcostal ending at nearly three-fourths of the length; radial emerging from the-prse- brachial transverse veinlet, ending at beyond three-fourths of the length ; cubital proceeding from the prsebrachial transverse veinlet, ending at • very little in front of the tip ; subapical ending at very little behind the tip; subanal forming a fork of the praebrachial ; anal complete; subaxillary obsolete. Areolets eleven, — the humeral, the subcostal, the mediastinal, the radial, the cubital, the pnebrachial, the pobrachial, which is not closed as in Tanypus, the subapical, one externo-medial, the anal, and the axillary. Posterior margin much excavated, and forming an acute angle at its base. Abdomen with eight segments, slender, more or less exceeding twice the length of the thorax. Legs more or less long and slender, bare or slightly pilose, unarmed ; coxa3 of moderate size ; ungues and onychia very small. Fore legs remote from the others, porrect, their tarsi more or less elongated. Male. Antenna3 thirteen-jointed, as long as the thorax, thickly plu- mose, the hairs decreasing in length towards the tips ; first joint short, cylindrical ; second and following joints, to the twelfth globose, ex- tremely short ; thirteenth filiform, slender, generally 'as long as the whole of the preceding joints. Wings a little shorter than the abdo- men. Abdomen slender, somewhat attenuated ; seventh segment flat- tened, slightly dilated hindward, emarginate at the tip ; eighth smaller, oval, depressed, with four little apical appendages, which are curved, somewhat hairy, falcate or nearly filiform ; fore tarsi often hairy. Jem. Antennas six-jointed, about half the length of the thorax ; second, third, fourth, and fifth oblong or elongate-pyriform, slightly verticillate-pilose ; sixth slender, filiform, as long as the fourth and the fifth. Wings as long as the abdomen. Abdomen comparatively short and thick, sub- lanceolate or nearly cylindrical. CHIRONOMUS. 151 The species of this genus are very- numerous, and there are probably many British kinds in addition to those here described. They may be often seen hovering in the air in immense swarms, particularly towards evening, and those with delicate colours- do not usually appear till near sunset. Some of the species with short fore metatarsi run with great activity ; the others are more slow in their movements. " The larva of C. plumosus is abundant in stagnant water, and is named Blood-worm on account of its colour, form, and move- ments. The head has two ocelli-like points, and two biarticulate palpi. The first thoracic segment has two short pediform ten- tacles beneath. The anal segment is furnished with two large and four small oval appendages, and there is a pair of long fleshy filaments on each of the two preceding joints. The larva at the bottom of the water forms tortuous tubes, which are composed of particles of decayed leaves." "The pupa is not enclosed in a case, but is of a greater specific gravity than the water, at the bottom of which it resides until within a few hours of the exclusion of the fly. It has the power of swimming, and by moving the tail alternately backwards and forwards can slowly raise itself to the top of the water. Eor the extrication of the imago it is necessary that it should remain quietly suspended at the surface; and moreover that the thorax, in which the opening for its exit is to be made, should be at least level with it, and this is precisely what takes place. As soon as it has reached the top it remains suspended there motionless, and its thorax is the highest part of the body, and level with the sur- face. The middle of the back of the thorax, has the property of repelling water, apparently from being covered with some oily secretion. Hence, as soon as the pupa has once forced this part of its body above the surface, the water is seen to retreat from it on all sides, leaving an oval space in the disc, which is quite dry. Just previously to the exclusion of the fly, the dry part of the thorax is seen to split in the middle. The air enters, and forms a brilliant stratum, resembling quicksilver, between the body of the insect and its puparium ; and the former, pushing forth its head and fore legs, rests the latter upon the water, and in a few seconds extricates itself wholly from its envelope. The pupa, for respiration, has on each side of the thorax a pencil, consisting of five hairs elegantly feathered,- which, when they diverge, forms a beautiful star ; its anus also is furnished with a fan-shaped pencil of diverging hairs." " The grub of C. stercorarius inhabits horse-dung, and has a 152 CHIRONOMHXE. fleshy leg on the under side of the first segment, which points towards the head, and which it has the power of lengthening or contracting. Its various serpentine contortions also assist it in moving. When removed from -the substance which constitutes its food, it is enabled to regain it by leaping. Lying horizontally, it brings the anus near the head, regulating the distance by the length of the leap it means to take ; when, fixing it firmly, and then suddenly resuming a rectilinear position, it is carried through the air sometimes to the distance of two or three inches. It appears to have the power of flattening the anal extremity, and even of rendering it concave, by means of which it may probably act as a sucker, and so be more firmly fixable." This genus may be divided into four principal groups : — * Praebrachial areolet open. f Wings deflected. Antennae of the male with thirteen joints, of the female with seven joints. J Antennae of the male feathered. Group 1. || Antennae of the male with few hairs. Group 2. ff Wings incumbent. Antennae of the male twelve-jointed, fea- thered; of the female seven-jointed. Group 3. ** Praebrachial areolet closed externally. Group 4. The species of the first group may be arranged in the following sections : — A. Fore metatarsus longer than the fore tibia. a. Fore metatarsus twice the length of the fore metatibia. b. Wings not spotted. c. Thorax black or grey. Species 1, 2. c c. Thorax green, with three black stripes. Species 3-5. c c c. Thorax green, with three testaceous stripes. Species 6-9. c c c c. Thorax testaceous or green, not striped. Species 10, 11. b b. Wings spotted. Species 12. a a. Fore metatarsus longer than the fore tibia by three -fourths. b. Thorax black. Species 13-15. b b. Thorax green, with three black or brown stripes. Species 16-20. b b b. Thorax green, with three testaceous stripes. Species 21-24. a a a. Fore metatarsus longer than the fore tibia by two-thirds. b. Wings not spotted. c. Thorax black, or grey. Species 25, 26. c c. Thorax pale, with three black or brown stripes. Species 27-32. c c c. Thorax pale, with three luteous stripes. d. Abdomen with black bands. Species 33. d d. Abdomen without bands. Species 34-40. c c c c. Thorax not striped. Species 41, 42. CHIRONOMUS. 153 b b. Wings spotted. Species 43. a a a a. Fore metatarsus longer than the fore tibia by one-half. b. Wings banded or spotted. Species 44, 45. b b. WTings not banded or spotted. c. Thorax black. — Note. In the female of C. pedellus the thorax is green, with three black stripes. d. Abdomen black. e. Tarsi white towards the base. Species 46. e e. Tarsi not white towards the base. Species 47-50. d d. Abdomen green. Species 51, 52. c c. Body blackish-green. Species 53. c c c. Thorax brown or grey, with three black stripes. Species 54, 55. c c c c. Thorax pale, with three black stripes. Species 56-61. c c c c c. Thorax pale, with three brown stripes. Species 62-64. c c c c c c. Thorax pale, with three pale stripes. Species 65-73. c c c c c c c. Thorax pale, not striped. Species 74. a a a a a. Fore metatarsus longer than the fore tibia by one-quarter. b. Wings not spotted. c. Thorax black. Species 75-77. c c. Thorax piceous. Species 78. c c c. Thorax grey, with three black stripes. Species 79-81. c c c c. Thorax pale. d. Thorax with three black stripes. Species 82, 83. d d. Thorax with three brown stripes. Species 84, 85. d d d. Thorax with three pale stripes. Species 86-88. b b. Wings spotted. Species 89. a a a a a a. Fore metatarsus longer than the fore tibia by one-fifth. b. Thorax black. Species 90-94. b b. Thorax hoary, with three black stripes. Species 95. b b b. Thorax pale. c. Thorax with three black or brown stripes. Species 96-103. a a a a a a a. Fore metatarsus longer than the fore tibia by one-sixth. Species 104. A A. Fore metatarsus and fore tibia of equal length. a. Thorax black. Species 105-107. a a. Thorax pale, with three darker stripes. Species 108-112. A A A. Fore metatarsus shorter than the fore tibia. a. Fore tibia longer than the fore metatarsus by one-seventh. Species 113. a a. Fore tibia longer than the fore metatarsus by one-sixth. Species 114-117. a a a. Fore tibia longer than the fore metatarsus by one-fifth. Species 118. a a a a. Fore tibia longer than the fore metatarsus by one-fourth. b. Thorax black. Species 119-125. b b. Thorax pale, with three black stripes. Species 126-131. VOL. IV. X 154 CHIRONOMIDjE. b 6 b. Thorax pale, with three darker stripes. Species 132-136. b b b b. Thorax pale, not striped. Species 137. a a a a a. Pore tibia longer than the fore metatarsus by one-half. b. Thorax not prolonged in front. c. Thorax black or grey, not striped. Species 138-147. c c. Thorax hoary, with three black stripes. Species 148, 149. c c c. Thorax pale, with three black or brown stripes. Species 150-153. c c c c. Thorax pale, not striped. Species 154. b b. Thorax prolonged in front. Species 155. a a a a a a. Fore tibia longer than the fore metatarsus by two-thirds. b. Body black. Species 156-162. b b. Thorax hoary, with three black stripes. Species 163-167. b b b. Thorax grey, with three black stripes. Species 168. b b b b. Thorax with pale stripes; abdomen with pale bands. Species 169-171. b b b b b. Thorax pale, with three black or brown stripes. Species 172-174. a a a a a a a. Fore tibia longer than the fore metatarsus by three- fourths. b. Thorax black, or hoary. Species 175-178. b b. Thorax pale. Species 179. aaaaaaaa. Fore tibia twice the length of the fore metatarsus. b. Body black, or grey. Species 180-185. b b. Thorax pale, with darker stripes. Species 186-188. 1. dissidens, n. Mas, niger, thorace subcinereo vittis tribus nigris, alis limpidis, venis subfuscis, halteribus pedibusc^e, testaceis, femoribus, tibiis posterioribus apice, tibiis anticis tarsisque nigricantibus. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin. Male. Black. Antenna? with brown plumes. Thorax slightly grey, with three black stripes. Wings limpid, with a blackish mark at the base ; veins pale brown ; discal transverse veinlet rather darker than the rest. Halteres testaceous. Legs testaceous; femora, tips of the tibiae, tarsi, and fore tibia blackish. Not common. (E.) 2. punctipes? Wied. Zool. Mag. i. 1. 65 (1816) ; Meig.— bicolor ? Meig. Zw. vii. 7. 134 (1838). Mas et Fcem. niger, alis albo-limpidis, venis albicautibus, halteribus abdomineque viridibus, pedibus pallide tes- taceis, tibiis apice paullo obscurioribus. Long, lf-2 ; alar. 3-3^ lin. Male and Jem. Black. Wings limpid-white ; veins whitish. Hal- teres and abdomen green. Legs pale testaceous ; tips of the tibiae rather darker. Male. Antennas with brown plumes. Abundant in September. (E. S. I.) 3. pusillus, L. S. N. ii. 975 (1767); F. ; Gmel.; Meig.; Mcq.; Zett. ; Gim. ; Stasg. Mas et Fcem. viridis, thorace vittis tribus nigris CHIRONOMDS. 155 nonnunquam testaceo, alls limpidis, venis pedibusque pallide testaceis, tibiis apice femoribusque paullo obscurioribus. Long. 1^— If ; alar. 2^-3 lin. Male and Fern. Green. Thorax with three black stripes. Wings limpid ; veins pale testaceous. Legs pale testaceous ; femora and tips of the tibiae rather darker. — Var. ft. Thorax testaceous, with three black stripes. Male. Antennae with brown plumes. Apparently allied to C. prasinatus, Steeg. Common. (E.) 4. viridulus, L. S. N. ii. 975 (1767); F.; Gmel. ; Meig.; Mcq.; Zett. ; Gim. ; Stasg. Mas, viridis, thorace vittis tribus nigricantibus, alls limpidis, venis albidis apud costam nigricantibus, halteribus albidis, pedibus testaceis. Long. 1£ ; alar. 2 lin. Male. Green. Palpi and antennas black. Thorax with three black- ish stripes. Wings limpid ; costal, radial, and cubital veins blackish, the rest whitish. Halteres whitish. Abdomen pubescent. Legs testa- ceous, the four posterior very pubescent. Male. Antennas with brown plumes. Not rare. (E.) 5. tennis? Mcq. H. N. D. i. 52. 19 (1834); Meig. Mas, niger, thorace cano-viridi vittis tribus latis nicjro-cinereis, alis limpidis, venis pedibusque testaceis, halteribus albidis, tibiis apice fuscis. Long. If ; alar. 3 lin. Black. Thorax hoary green, with three broad greyish-black stripes. Wings limpid ; veins testaceous. Hulteres whitish. Legs testaceous ; tips of the tibias brown. Male. Antennas with testaceous plumes. Not common. (E.) 6. ejuncidus, n. Mas, viridis, thorace vittis tribus testaceis, alis albo-limpidis, venis albidis, halteribus albis, abdomine fusco valde pubes- cente, segmentorum marginibus albis, pedibus albido-testaceis. Long. 1£ ; alar. 2 lin. Male. Green. Antennas with testaceous plumes. Thorax with three testacous stripes. Wings limpid-white ; veins whitish. Halteres white. Abdomen brown, very pubescent, with a white band on the hind border of each segment. Legs whitish-testaceous. Not common. (E.) 7. brevitibialis? Zett. Dipt. Scand. ix. 3537- 59 (1850). Mas, Jlavido -viridis, thorace vittis tribus testaceis, alis albo-limpidis, venis halteribusque albis, abdomine obscure viridi vix pubescente, pedibus pal- lide viridibus, tarsis apice nigris. Long. If ; alar. 3 lin. Male. Yelloivish- green. Palpi and antennas testaceous, the latter with brown plumes. Thorax with three testaceous stripes. Wings lim- pid-white ; veins and halteres white. Abdomen dark dull green, hardly pubescent. _ Legs pale green ; tarsi black towards the tips. Not common. (E.) 8. ruf ovittatus ? Stasg. Dipt. Dan. 570. 39 (1840); Zett. Mis, 156 CHIRONOMJD^E. prasinus, Horace vittis tribm luteis, alis albo-limpidis, venis halteribus- que albis, abdomine pallide viridi vix pubescente, pedibus pallide testaceis. Long, li-l f ; alar. 2-3 lin. Male. Grass-green. Antennae with testaceous plumes. Thorax with three luteous stripes. Wings limpid-white ; veins and halteres white. Abdomen pale green, hardly pubescent. Legs pale testaceous. Not rare. (E.) 9. eminulus, n. Fcem. pallide viridis, thorace vittis tribus testaceis, alis limpidis, venis halteribusque albis, abdomine vix pubescente, pedibus albido-testaceis. Long. 1-1^ ; alar. 2-3 lin. Fern. Pale green. Thorax with three testaceous stripes. Wings lim- pid ; veins and halteres white. Abdomen hardly pubescent. Legs whitish testaceous. Not rare. (E.) 10. ictericus? Meig. Zw. vi. 253. 103 (1830); Stasg.; Zett. Fcem. testaceus, alia pubescentibus fere limpidis, venis halteribusque al- bidis, pedibus pallide testaceis. Long. 1 ; alar. 2 lin. Fern. Testaceous. Wrings pubescent, nearly limpid ; veins and halteres whitish. Legs pale testaceous. Not common. (E.) 11. futilis, n. Mas, prasinus, alis limpidis, venis albidis apud costam pallide testaceis, halteribus pedibusque pallide viridibus, tarsis testaceis. Long. If; alar. 3 lin. Male. Grass-green. Things limpid; costal, radial, and cubital veins pale testaceous, the rest whitish. Halteres pale green. Legs pale green ; tarsi testaceous. Not common. (E.) 12. scalaenus, Schr. Fn. Boic. iii. 2324 (1798); Meig.; Mcq. ; Stseg. ; Zett. Fcem. fuscus, alis limpidis cinereo-trimaculatis, venis halteribusque albidis, pedibus pallide testaceis. Long. J— 1 ; alar. 2 lin. Fern. Brown. Wings limpid-white, with three grey spots, the first near the fore border and beyond the middle; the second and third near the hind border, the second before the middle, the third behind the first ; veins and halteres whitish. Legs pale testaceous. Eare. In the British Museum. (E.) 13. glabricoUis? Meig. Zw. vi. 248. 89 (1830); Sta3g. ; Zett.— Var. ? Maat ater, alia lacteis, venis albis, halteribus albidis, abdomine nigro-viridi, pedibus nigricantibus, tibiis tarsisque posterioribus pallide testaceis. Long. 1^ ; alar. 2i lin. Var. ? Male. Deep black. Wings milky-white ; veins white. Hal- teres whitish. Abdomen greenish -black. Legs blackish ; posterior tibiaB and tarsi pale testaceous. Not common. (E.) 14. notescens, n. Mas, niger, alis subcinereis, venis halteribusque CHIRONOMUS. 157 testaceis, pedibus obscure testaceis pubescentibus, femoribus fuscescen- tibus. Long. 2i ; alar. 4 lin. Male. Black. Wings slightly greyish ; veins and lialteres testaceous. Legs dull testaceous, pubescent ; femora brownish. Not rare. (E.) 15. flavimanus? Meig. Zw. vi. 246. 80 (1830).— Var.? Fcem. nigro-cinereus, alls subcinereis, venis testaceis apud costam fuscis, halte- ribus testaceis, pedibus obscure testaceis, tibiis tarsisque anticis femo- ribusque posterioribus nigricantibus. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin. Fern. Greyish -black. Wings slightly greyish; costal, radial, and cubital veins and discal transverse veinlet brown, the rest testaceous. Halteres testaceous. Legs dark testaceous, rather stout ; femora, fore tibiae, and fore tarsi blackish ; fore femora testaceous, blackish towards the tips. Not common. (E.) 16. aprilinus? Hoffm. ; Meig. Zw. vi. 245. 78 (1830). Mas et Fcem. cano-viridis, thorace vittis tribus nigris, alis limpidis, venis albi- dis apud costam fuscis, halteribus albis, abdominis segmentorum margi- nibus posticis canis, pedibus testaceis, femoribus, tibiis et tarsorum arti- culis apice fuscis. Long. 2|; alar. 4^- lin. Green, with a hoary tinge. Thorax with three black stripes, the middle one double. Wings limpid; costal, radial, and cubital veins and discal transverse veinlet brown, the rest whitish. Halteres white. Abdomen black, with a hoary band on the hind border of each segment. Legs testaceous ; tips of the femora, of the tibiae, and of the joints of the tarsi brown. Male. Antennae with brown plumes. Not common. (E.) 17. flabellatus, Meig. Zw. i. 51. 70 (1818). Fcem. nigro-fuscus, thorace testaceo, vittis tribus latis nigris, alis subcinereis, venis testaceis apud costam fuscescentibus, halteribus albis, pedibus obscure testaceis. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin. Fern. Brownish-black. Thorax testaceous, with three broad black stripes. Wings greyish ; costal, radial, and cubital veins brownish, the rest testaceous. Halteres white. Legs dark testaceous. Male. An- tennaB with brown plumes. Not rare. (E.) 18. objectans, n. Mas, viridis, thorace vittis tribus fuscis, alis limpidis, venis albidis apud costam testaceis, halteribus albis, pedibus testaceis, femoribus tibiisque apice tarsisque fuscis. Long. 2^; alar. 3| lin. Male. Green. Thorax with three brown stripes. Wings limpid ; cos- tal, radial, and cubital veins testaceous, the rest whitish. Halteres white. Legs testaceous ; tarsi and tips of the femora and of the tibia? brown. Male. Antennae with brown plumes. Not common. (E.) 158 CHIRONOMID^. 19. prasinatus? Staeg. Dipt. Dan. 568. 26 (1840); Zett. Mas, viridis, thorace vittis tribus nigris, alls limpidis, venis albidis apud cos- tarn testaceis, halteribus albis, pedibus pallide testaceis. Long. 1£; alar. 2f lin. Male. Green. Antennae with blackish plumes. Thorax with three black stripes. Wings limpid ; costal, radial, and cubital veins testaceous, the rest whitish. Halteres white. Legs pale testaceous. Not common. (E.) 20. pusio? Meig. Zw. vi. 256. 117 (1830). Mas, obscure viridis, thorace vittis tribus nigris, alls limpidis, venis pallide testaceis, halteribus pallide viridibus, pedibus pallide testaceo-viridibus. Long. If; alar. 3 lin. Male. Dark green. Thorax with three black stripes. Wings limpid; veins pale testaceous. Halteres pale green. Legs pale dull testaceous- green. Not common. (E.) 21. longipes? Stag. Dipt. Dan. 570. 38 (1840); Zett, Foem. viridis, thorace vittis tribus testaceis, alis albido-limpidis, venis halteri- busque albidis, illis apud costam fuscescentibus, abdomine fusco, segmen- torum marginibus posticis subcanis, pedibus testaceis, tarsis fuscescen- tibus. Long. 2i; alar. 4 lin. Var. ? Fern. Green. Thorax with three testaceous stripes, Wings whitish, limpid ; costal, radial, and cubital veins, and discal transverse veinlet brownish, the rest whitish. Halteres whitish. Abdomen pubes- cent, dark brown ; hind borders of the segments slightly hoary. Legs testaceous; tarsi brownish. Not common. (E.) 22. perlevis, n. Foem. viridis, thorace vittis tribus testaceis, alis subcinereis, venis albidis apud costam testaceis, halteribus albis, abdo- mine fusco, pedibus pallide testaceis. Long. 1 ; alar. 2 lin. Fern. Green. Thorax with three testaceous stripes. Wings greyish ; costal, radial, and cubital veins testaceous, the rest whitish. Halteres white. Abdomen brown. Legs pale testaceous. Not common. (E.) 23. viridis, Pries, MSS. ; Mcq. ; H. 1ST. D. i. 52. 21 (1834); Meig. ; Staeg. ; Zett. Mas et Foem. viridis, thorace vittis tribus tes- taceis, alis limpidis, venis albidis apud costam testaceis, halteribus albis, pedibus pallide testaceis, tibiis et tarsorum articulis apice nigricantibus. Long. 1^-2 ; alar. 3-4 lin. • Male and Fern. Green. Thorax with three testaceous stripes. Wings limpid ; costal, radial, and cubital veins testaceous, the rest whitish. Halteres white. Legs pale testaceous; tips of the tibiae and of the joints of the tarsi blackish. Male. Antennae with brown plumes. Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 24. nervosus? Staeg. Dipt. Dan. 567. 25 (1840); Zett. Foem. CHIRONOMUS. 159 pallide viridis, thorace vittis tribus latissimis testaceis, alls sublimpidis, venis pallide testaceis, halteribus pallide viridibus, abdomine prasino, pedibus testaceis, feraoribus tibiisque posterioribus pallide viridibus. Long. 1^; alar. 3 lin. Fern. Pale green. Thorax with three very broad testaceous stripes. Pectus testaceous. Wings nearly limpid ; veins pale testaceous. Hal- teres pale green. Abdomen grass-green. Legs testaceous ; posterior femora and posterior tibiae pale green. Not common. (E.) 25. prsecox, Wied. ; Meig. Z\v. i. 49. 64 (1818). Mas et Fcem. niger, thorace cinereo vittis tribus nigris, alis pubescentibus subcinereis, venis albidis apud costam testaceis, halteribus albis, pedibus fuscis aut testaceis, femoribus tibiisque apice tarsisque nigris. Long. 2^-3 ; alar. 4-4i lin. Male and Fern. Black. Thorax grey, with three black dorsal stripes. Wings pubescent, slightly greyish ; costal, radial, and cubital veins tes- taceous, the rest whitish. Halteres white. Abdomen pubescent. Legs brown or testaceous, long, slender, minutely pubescent ; tarsi and tips of the femora and of the tibiae black. Male. Antennae with black plumes. Common. Appears in April. 26. chloris? Meig. Zw. i. 28. 17 (1818); Mcq. ; Stasg. Fcem. niger, thorace cano-testaceo vittis tribus nigris, alis albo-limpidis, venis albis apud costam testaceis, halteribus albidis, segmentorum abdominalium marginibus posticis canis, pedibus nigricantibus, tibiis posterioribus fe- moribusque testaceis, apice nigris. Long. 3^-; alar. 6 lin. Fern. Black. Thorax hoary -testaceous, tcith three black stripes, the middle one double. Pectus hoary. Wings limpid-white ; costal, radial, and cubital veins testaceous, the rest white. Halteres whitish. Hind borders of the abdominal segments hoary. Legs blackish ; femora and posterior tibiae testaceous, with black tips. Not common. (E.) 27. sulphuricollis ? Meig. Zw. vi. 246. 79 (1830). Fcem. niger, thorace fulvo vittis tribus nigris, alis limpidis, venis albidis apud costam testaceis, halteribus testaceis apice nigris, pedibus testaceis, femoribus tibiisque et tarsorum articulis apice nigricantibus. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin. Fern. Black. Thorax tawny, with three black stripes. Wings limpid ; costal, radial, and cubital veins testaceous, the rest whitish. Halteres testaceous, with black tips. Legs testaceous ; tips of the femora, of the tibiae, and of the joints of the tarsi, blackish. Rare. In Mr. Saunders' collection. (E.) 28. nigroviridis? Mcq. H. N. D. i. 51. 18 (1834); Meig.; Gim.; Stoag. ; Zett. Mas et Fcem. viridis, thorace vittis tribus fuscis, alis lim- pidis, venis albis apud costam testaceis, venula discali fusca, halteribus albidis, abdomine fasciis latis fuscis, pedibus pallide viridibus, femoribus 160 CHIRONOMIDjE. tibiisque necnon tarsorum articulis apice nigris. Long. 3-3 £ ; alar. 4-4i lin. Male and Fern. Green. Thorax with three brown stripes ; metathorax brown. Wings limpid ; costal, radial, and cubital veins pale testaceous, the rest white ; discal transverse veinlet brown. Halteres whitish. Ab- dominal segments with broad brown bands. Legs pale green ; tips of the femora, of the tibiae, and of the joints of the tarsi black. Male. An- tennae with brown plumes. Not rare. (E.) 29. debilis? Meig. Zw. vi. 255. 113 (1830). Mas et Fcem. tes- taceus, thorace vittis tribus latisfuscis, alis subcinereis, venis fuscis, hal- teribus albis, abdomine viridi, segmentorum apicem versus marginibus pos- ticis nigris, pedibus sordide testaceis. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin. Male and Fern. Testaceous. Palpi and antennas black. TJiorax with three broad brown stripes. Wings greyish, pubescent ; veins brown. Halteres white. Abdomen green ; kind borders of the segments towards the tip black. Legs dingy testaceous, long, slender, pubescent. Not rare. (E.) 30. vernus? Meig. Zw. i. 49. 66 (1818); Mcq.; Gim. ; Steeg. ; Zett. Mas et Fcem. niger, thorace testaceo vittis tribus nigricantibus, alis subcinereis pubescentibus, venis albidis apud costam subfuscis, halteribus albis, abdomine fusco, pedibus sordide testaceis, tibiis tarsisque apice nigris. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin. Male and Fern. Black. Thorax testaceous, with three blackish stripes. Wings slightly greyish, pubescent ; costal, radial, and cubital veins pale brownish, the rest whitish. Halteres white. Abdomen dark brown, pubescent. Legs dingy testaceous, very pubescent, long, slender ; tips of the tibiae and of the tarsi black. Male. Antennae with brown plumes. Not rare. (E.) 31. lividus? Meig. Zw. vi. 246. 82 (1830). Mas et Fcem. viridis, thorace vittis tribus nitidis nigricantibus, alis albo-limpidis, venis halte- ribusque albis, abdominis apice nigro, pedibus pallide viridibus, femoribus tibiis tarsisque apice nigris. Long. 2|— 3 ; alar. 4-5 lin. Male and Fern. Green. Thorax with three blackish shining stripes. Wings limpid-white ; veins and halteres white. Abdomen black towards the tip. Legs pale green, long, slender ; tips of the femora, of the tibiae, and of the tarsi black. Male. Plumes of the antennae brown, whitish towards the base and towards the tips. Eare. In the British Museum. (E.) 32. prasinus, Meig. Zw. i. 22. 4 (1818); Mcq.; Gim.—inter- medius ? Staeg. ; Zett. Mas et Fcem. viridis, thorace vittis tribus fer- rugineis, alis albo-limpidis, venis albis apud costam testaceis, abdominis segmentis nigro-fasciatis, pedibus viridibus, tibiis tarsisque apice nigris. Long. 2^-4 ; alar. 4-6 lin. Green. Thorax with three ferruginous stripes. Wings limpid- white, CHIRONOMUS. 161 with a distinct black discal dot; costal, radial, and cubital veins testa- ceous, the rest white. Abdomen with a black band on each segment ; these bands are not, or hardly, apparent in immature specimens. Legs green; tips of the tibiae black; tarsi testaceous, their joints with black tips. Male. Antennae with brown plumes. Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 33. viridairas? Mcq. H. N. D. i. 52. 22 (1834) ; Meig. Jam. viridis, 'tliorace vittis tribus luteis, alls limpidis, venis albidis apud costam testaceis, abdomine prasino, halteribus pedibusque pallide viridibus, tibiis et tarsorum articulis apice nigricantibus. Long. l|-2 ; alar. 3-4 lin. Fern. Green. Thorax with three luteous stripes. Wrings limpid ; costal, radial, and cubital veins testaceous, the rest whitish. -Halteres pale green. Abdomen, grass-green. Legs pale green ; tips of the tibia? and of the joints of the tarsi blackish. Not rare. (E.) 34. dispessus, n. Maset Foem. pallide viridis, thorace vittis tribus luteis, alts limpidis, venis albidis apud costam testaceis, pedibus testaceis, tibiis et tarsorum articulis apice tarsisque anticis toils nigricantibus. Long. 2| ; alar. 4 lin. Male and Fern. Pale green. Thorax with tliree luteous stripes. Wrings limpid ; costal, radial, and cubital veins pale testaceous, the rest whitish. Halteres pale green. Legs testaceous ; tips of the tibia?, and of the joints of the tarsi, and the whole of the fore tarsi, blackish, Not common. (E.) 35. parilis, n. Mas et Foem. viridis, thorace vittis tribus pallide testaceis, alls pubescentibus subcinereis, venis albidis apud costam tes- taceis, halteribus albis, tibiis et tarsorum articulis apice tarsisque anticis totis nigricantibus. Long. 2-3 ; alar. 3-4 lin. Male and Fern. Green. Thorax, with three pale testaceous stripes. Wings pubescent, slightly greyish ; costal, cubital, and radial veins tes- taceous, the rest whitish. Halteres white. Legs pale green ; tips of the tibiae, and of the joints of the tarsi, and the whole of the fore tarsi, blackish. Male. Antennae with testaceous plumes. — Var. ft. Pale green. Stripes of the thorax almost obsolete. Common. (E.) 36. mancus, n. Mas, viridis, thorace vittis tribus luteis, alls lim- pidis, venis albidis, pedibus testaceis, femoribus, tibiis et tarsorum arti- culis apice nigricantibus. Long. 1|^ ; alar. 3 lin. Male. Green. Antenna? with brown plumes. Thorax with three luteous stripes. Wings limpid ; veins ichitish. Halteres pale green. Legs pale testaceous ; tips of the femora, of the tibiae, and of the joints of the tarsi, blackish. Not common. (E.) 37. convictus, n. Mas et Teem, pallide viridis, validiusculus, tho- VOL. IV. Y 162 CHIRONOMID;E. race vittis tribus testaceis, alls albo-limpidis, venis halteribusque albidis, tibiis et tarsorum articulis apice nigricantibus. Long. 2 ; alar. 3| lin. Male and Fern. Pale green, rather stout. Thorax with three testaceous stripes. Wings limpid-white; veins and halteres whitish. Legs pale green ; tips of the tibiae and of the joints of the tarsi blackish. Not common. (E.) 38. testaceus? Mcq. D. N. i. 198. 16 (1826); Meig. ; Stseg. ; Zett. — Yar. ? Fcem. pallide testaceus, thorace vittis tribus obscurioribus, alis perlimpidis, venis halteribusque albis, femoribus tibiis tarsisque apice obscure testaceis. Long. 1^ ; alar. 3 lin. Var. ? Fern. Pale testaceous. Thorax with three slightly darker stripes. Wings quite limpid-, veins and halteres white. Legs very pale testa- ceous ; tips of the femora, of the tibiae, and of the tarsi, darker. Not common. (E.) 39. ruf ovittatus ? Stseg. Dipt. Dan. 570. 39 (1840); Zett.— Var. ? Icem. pallide testaceus, thorace vittis tribus paullo obscurioribus, alis sublimpidis, venis pallide testaceis, segmentorum abdominalium mar- ginibus posticis albidis. Long. 1-|- ; alar. 3 lin. Var. ? Fern. Pale testaceous. Thorax with three indistinct slightly darker stripes. Wings nearly limpid; veins pale testaceous. Hind bor- ders of the abdominal segments whitish. Not common. (E.) 40. modicellus, n. Fcem. pallide testaceus, alis albo-limpidis, hal- teribus pedibusque albis, abdomine viridi. Long. 1 ; alar. 2 lin. Fern. Pale testaceous. Wings limpid-white. Halteres and legs white. Abdomen pale green. Not common. (E.) 41. affinis, Steph. M.S$.—pallidulus, var.? Meig. Mas et Fcem. pallide luteus, alis limpidis pubescentibus, venis pallide testaceis, halte- ribus albis, abdomine viridi, pedibus testaceis. Long. 1^-1 J ; alar. 3 lin. Pale luteous. Wings limpid, pubescent ; veins pale testaceous. Hal- teres white. Abdomen pale green. Legs testaceous, long, slender. Male. Antenna? with testaceous plumes. Abdomen luteous towards the tip. Rare. In the British Museum. (E.) 42. nubeculosus, Meig. Zw. i. 32. 37 (1818); Mcq.; Gim. ; Stseg. ; Zett. Mas et Fcem. testaceus, thorace vittis tribus piceis, alis albo-limpidis, venis albis cinereo-limbatis, abdomine nigro, segmentorum marginibus posticis albidis. Long. 2^-3 ; alar. 3|— 4 lin. Male and Fern. Testaceous. Palpi and antennse black. Thorax with three piceous stripes. Wings limpid-white, with grey stripes along the veins, or grey, with the discs of the areolets limpid-white ; costal, ra- dial, and cubital veins whitish, the rest white. Halteres whitish. Ab- CHIEONOMUS. 163 domen black, pubescent, with a whitish band on the hind border of each segment. Legs testaceous, long, slender. Not rare. (E.) 43. gibbus, F. E. S. iv. 245. 54 (1792); Panz. ; Latr. ; Meig. ; Mcq.; Zett.— -flexilis? L. ; Geoff.; F. ; Meig. Icem. pallide viridis, thorace vittis tribus luteis, alls albo-limpidis fascia lata cinerea, abdo- mine apicem versus nigricante, pedibus albidis, femoribus ex parte tibiisque posticis fuscis. Long. 2£ ; alar. 5 lin. Fern. Pale green. Palpi blackish towards the tips. Thorax with three luteous stripes. Wrings limpid-white, grey at the base, and with a broad grey band ; veins whitish, brown in the band. Halteres white. Abdomen blackish towards the tip. Legs whitish, long, slender ; fe- mora partly brown ; hind tibiaB brown. Rare. In the British Museum. 44. maculipennis, Meig. Zw. i. 38. 38 (1818); Gim. Mas et Fcem. niger, thorace cano vittis quatuor nigris, alls albis, areolarnm discis cmereo-maculatis, venis albis apud costam testaceis, pedibus sor- dide testaceis, coxis femoribusque nigricantibus. Long. 2^-3 ; alar. 3 1-4 lin. Male and Fern. Black. Thorax above hoary, with four slender black stripes. Wings white, with grey oblong spots on the discs of most of the areolets ; costal, radial, and cubital veins pale testaceous, the rest white. Halteres whitish. Abdomen very pubescent. Legs dingy testaceous, long, slender ; coxa3 and femora blackish. Not rare. (E.) 45. albimanus, Meig. Zw. i. 40. 45 (1818); Mcq.; Gim.; Sta3g.; Zett. — annularis, Meig. Kl. Zw. ; Panz. Mas et Fcem. niger, nitidus, alis limpidis, venis albidis apud* costam nigris, metatarsis anticis necnon tibiis metatarsisque posterioribus albidis, apice nigris. Long. 2^-3 ; alar. 3|-4 lin. Male and Fern. Black, shining. Wings limpid ; costal, radial, and cubital veins black, the rest whitish. Halteres white. Legs slender, rather long; fore metatarsi white, generally black towards the tips; posterior tibia? and posterior metatarsi whitish, black towards the tips. Male. Antenna? with black plumes. Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 46. vagans? Meig. Zw. vi. 249. 91 (1830); Staeg. ; Ros. ; Zett. Mas, niger, alis albo-limpidis, venis albidis apud costam testaceis, pedi- bus testaceis. Lon^. 2-£ ; alar. 4 lin. Male. Black. Wings limpid-white ; costal, radial, and cubital veins pale testaceous, the rest whitish. Halteres and legs testaceous. Abdo- men very pubescent. Not common. (E.) 47. disclusus, n. Mas, niger, alis albo-limpidis, venis albis apud costam testaceis, halteribus pcdibusque testaceis, tibiis anticis femoribus- 164 CHIRONOMID^E. que totis, necnon tibiis posterioribtis tarsisque apice fuscescentibus. Long. 2| ; alar. 4 lin. Male. Black. Antennae with black plumes. Wings limpid-white ; costal, radial, and cubital veins testaceous, the rest white. Halteres pale testaceous. Legs testaceous; femora, fore tibia, and tips of the tibiae and of the tarsi, brownish. Not common. In Mr. Saunders' collection. (E.) 48. opacus? Meig. Zw. vi. 249. 90 (1830). Mas, ater, alis albo- limpidis, venis halteribusque albis, pedibus fuscis. Long. 1 ; alar. 2 lin. Male. Deep black. Antennae with black plumes. Wings limpid- white ; veins and halteres white. Legs brown. Not common. (E.) 49. albipes? Zett. Dipt. Scand. ix. 3588. 124 (1850). Mas et Fcem,. niger, antennis basi flavis, alis pubescentibus sublimpidis, venis pedtfruscpe albidis. Long. 2-3 ; alar. 3-4 lin. Male and Fern. Black. Antennae pale yellow towards the base. Wings nearly limpid, pubescent ; veins whitish. Halteres white. Legs whitish, slender. Male. Antennae with black plumes. Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 50. inopertus, n. Mas, niger, alis liinpidis, venis albidis apud costam testaceis, abdomine pedibusque sordide viridibus. Long. 2 ; alar. 3 lin. Male. Black. Antennae with black plumes. Wings limpid ; costal, radial, and cubital veins pale testaceous, the rest whitish. Halteres whitish. Abdomen and legs dull green. Not common. (E.) 51. pedellus, D. G. Ins. vi. 146. 17 (1783); Latr.; Meig.; Mcq.j Zett.; Gim.; Staeg, — fuscus,~L. — littoralis,^^.; Geoff. — cantans,1$.; Meig. Kl. Zw. Mas et Fcem. niger, nitidus, alis albo-limpidis, abdomine viridi apicem versus nigro, pedibus viridibus, femoribus tibiis et tarsorum articulis apice nigris. Long. 3-4 ; alar. 4-5 lin. Male and Fern. Black, shining. Wings limpid- white ; veins whitish. Halteres grass -green. Abdomen grass -green, black towards the tip, clothed with white pubescence. Legs pale green ; tips of the femora, of the tibite, and of the joints of the tarsi, black. Male. Plumes of the antennae brown, white towards the tips ; fore tibiae towards the tips, and fore metatarsi towards the base, black. Fern. Thorax green, with three black stripes. Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 52. fuscipennis? Meig. Zw. i. 36. 31 (1818).— Var.? Fcem. viridi-niger, nitidus, alis subfuscis basi limpidis, venis halteribusque albidis, his apice nigricantibus, pedibus testaceis, tibiis apice nigris, femoribus anticis nigro-cinctis. Long. 3 ; alar. 6 lin. Var.? Fern. Greenish-black, shining. Palpi and antennae testaceous. Wings indistinctly tinged with brown, limpid towards the base ; costal, CHIRONOMUS. 165 radial, and cubital veins pale, the rest whitish. Halteres whitish, with blackish tips. Abdomen blackish-green. Legs testaceous, long, slen- der ; tips of the tibiae black ; fore legs very long, their femora with a broad black band towards the tips. Eare. In the British Museum. (E.) 53. occipiens, n. Mas, fuscus, thorace vittis tribus nigris, alis subcinereis, venis pedibusque testaceis, halteribus albidis. Long. 3^ ; alar. 4^ lin. Male. Brown, shining. Antennae with black plumes. Thorax with three black stripes. Wings very slightly greyish ; veins pale testaceous. Halteres whitish. Legs dark testaceous. Eare. (E.) 54. axmularius, D. G. Ins. vi. 146. 18 (1783); Latr.; Meig. ; Meg. ; Mcq. ; Zett. ; Gim. Mas et Fcem. cinereus, thorace vittis tribus nigricantibus, alis sublimpidis, veuis albidis apud costam nigris, abdomine nigro, segmentorum marginibus posticis canis, pedibus testa- eels, tibiis et tarsorum articulis apice nigris. Long. 3-^-4 ; alar. 5-6 lin. Male and Fern. Grey. Palpi and antennae black. Thorax with three blackish -stripes. Wings nearly limpid, slightly ciliated along the hind border ; costal, radial, and cubital veins, and discal transverse veinlet black, the rest whitish. Halteres whitish. Abdomen black, pubes- cent, with a hoary band on the hind border of each segment. Legs testaceous; coxae grey; tips of the tibiae and of the joints of the tarsi black. Male. Antennae with blackish plumes. Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 55. obnixus9 n. Mas, niger, thorace fulvo vittis tribus nigris, alis albo-limpidis, venis albis, halteribus pedibusque testaceis. Long. 2 ; alar. 3 lin. Male. Slack. Antennae with blackish plumes. Thorax tawny, with three black stripes. Wings limpid-white; veins white. Halteres and legs testaceous ; tarsi darker. Not common. (E.) 56. brannipes? Zett. Dipt. Scand. ix. 3518. 35 (1850). Maset Foem. nigrO'ftiscus, thorace fulvo vittis tribus nigris, alis sublimpidis, venis testaceis, halteribus albis, pedibus ferrugineis. Long. 2-|— 3 ; alar. 4-4i lin. Male and Fern. Blackish-broion. Thorax tawny, with three very broad black stripes. Wings nearly limpid; veins pale testaceous. Halteres white. Abdomen rather long. Legs ferruginous, long, slender. Male. Antennae with blackish plumes. Not common. (E.) 57. pulsus, n. Mas et Fcem. obscure viridis, thorace vittis tribus nigris, alis limpidis, venis albis apud costam viridibus, pedibus viridibus, femoribus tibiis tarsisque apice iiiscis. Long. 3-3^ ; alar. 4-5 lin. Male and Fern. Dark- green. Thorax with three black stripes. Meta- 166 CHIRONOMID^E. thorax black. Things limpid ; costal, radial, and cubital veins pale green, the rest white. Halteres white. Abdomen pubescent. Legs pale green, pubescent ; tips of the femora, of the tibise and of the tarsi, brown. Not common. (E.) 58. tentans, F. S. A. 38. 3(1805); Meig. ; Mcq.; Gim. ; Zett. — vernalis, Meig. Kl. Zw. Mas et Foem. viridis, tJwrace vittis tribus nigris, alls albo-limpidis, venis albis apud costam testaceis, venula transversa nigra, abdominis segmentis nigro-fasciatis, tibiis et tarsorum articulis apice nigris. Long. 3-4^ ; alar. 5 lin. Male and Fern. Green. Thorax with three black stripes, the middle one subdivided, flings limpid-white ; costal, radial, and cubital veins testa- ceous, the rest white ; discal transverse veinlet black. Abdominal seg- ments with black bands, which vary in breadth, and occasionally in the middle extend to the hind border, leaving a green spot on each side. Legs pale green ;*tips of the tibiae and of the joints of the tarsi black. Male. Antennas with brown plumes. Fern. Antennae testaceous, black towards the tips. Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 59. pallens, Meig. Z\v. i. 22. 5 (1818); Meg.; Gim.; Stasg. ; Zett. Mas et Foem. niger, thorace vittis tribus nigricantibus, alls sub- limpidis, venis albidis apud costam testaceis, venula transversa nigricante, segmentorum abdominalium marginibus posticis cano-viridibus, pedibus testaceis, tibiis et tarsorum articulis apice nigris ; Mas, thorace cano ; Foem. thorace viridi. Long. 3-3i ; alar. 4^ lin. Male and Fern. Black. Thorax^cith three blackish stripes. Wings nearly limpid; costal, radial, and cubital veins testaceous, the rest whitish ; discal transverse veinlet blackish. Halteres green. Abdomen with a hoary-green band on the hind border of each segment. Legs testaceous ; tips of the tibias and of the joints of the tarsi black. Male. Antennas with blackish plumes. Thorax hoary. Fern. Thorax green. Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 60. riparius, Meig. Zw. i. 23. 6 (1818); Mcq.; Gim.; Stseg. ; Zett. Mas et Foem. nigricans, thorace viridi vittis tribus nigricantibus, alis albo-limpidis, venis albidis apud costam testaceis, venula transversa nigra, segmentorum abdominalium marginibus posticis viridibus, pedibus viridibus, tibiis et tarsorum articulis apice nigris. Long. 3-3^- ; alar. 4ilin. Male and Fern. Blackish. Thorax green above, with three blackish stripes, the middle one subdivided. Wings limpid-white ; costal, radial, and cubital veins testaceous, the rest whitish; discal transverse veinlet black. Halteres green. Abdomen with a green band on the hind border of each segment. Legs green ; tips of the tibias, of the joints of the tarsi, and of the fore femora, black. This may be a variety of the preceding species. Generally dis- tributed. (E. S. I.) CHIBONOMUS. 167 61. psittacinus? Meig. Zw. vi. 247. 84 (1830); Stseg. ; Zett. , pallide viridis, thorace vittisque tribus nigro-fuscis, alis limpidis, venis albis, pedibus albidis. Long. H ; alar- H lin. Jftffe. Pale green. Antennae with brown plumes. Thorax with three blackish-brown stripes. Metathorax blackish-brown. Wings limpid ; veins white. Halteres pale green. Abdomen pubescent. Legs whitish, long, slender. Not common. (E.) 62. flaveolus, Meg.; Meig. Zw. i. 23. 7 (1818); Mcq. ; Gim. ; Stseg. ; Zett.—flavicollis, Meig. Mas et Fcem. viridis, thorace vittis tribus f err ugineis, alls albo-limpidis, venis albis apud costam testaceis, ab- dominis segmentis nigro-fasciatis albo-marginatis, pedibus viridibus, tibiis et tarsorum articulis apice nigricantibus. Long. 3-3^ ; alar. 4-5 lin. Male and Fern. Green. Palpi and antennas black, the latter green towards the base. Thorax with three ferruginous stripes, the middle one divided. Wings limpid-white ; costal, radial, and cubital veins testa- ceous, the rest white ; discal transverse veinlet black. Halteres whitish. Abdominal segments with black bands, their hind borders white. Legs green, slender ; tips of the tibiae and of the joints of the tarsi blackish. Male. Antennas with brown plumes. Fern. Abdominal bands darker and broader than those of the male. Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 63. pilipes, Meg. ; Meig. Zw. i. 26. 13 (1818). Mas, viridis, tho- race vittis tribus fuscis, alis limpidis, venis albis apud costam fuscescen- tibus, abdominis segmentis fusco-fasciatis, tibiis et tarsorum articulis apice fuscescentibus. Long. 3 ; alar. 5 lin. Green. Thorax with three brown stripes, the middle one divided. Wings limpid ; costal, radial, and cubital veins brownish, the rest whitish ; discal transverse veinlet darker brown. Halteres whitish. Abdomen very pilose, with brown bands. Legs pale green, pilose ; tips of the tibise and of the joints of the tarsi brownish. Hare. In the British Museum. (E.) 64. virescens, Meig. Zw. i. 31. 23 (1818); Gim. Mas et Fcem. viridis, thorace vittis tribus pallide rufascentibus, alis albo-limpidis, venis albis apud costam testaceis, pedibus viridi- albis, tibiis apice tarsisque anticis nigris. Long. 2^-3^ ; alar. 4-5 lin. Male and Fern. Green. Thorax with three pale reddish stripes. Wings limpid-white ; costal, mediastinal, and cubital veins testaceous, the rest white. Halteres white. Legs greenish-white ; fore tarsi and tips of the tibiae black. Male. Antennas with testaceous plumes. Not rare. (E.) 65. malacus, n. Mas et Fccm. prasinits, thorace vittis tribus tes- taceo-viridibus, alis albo-limpidis, venis halteribusque albis, tibiis apice tarsisque nigris, horum articulis primo et secundo albis. Long. 2^-3 ; alar. 4 lin. 168 CHIHONOMID^. Male and Fern. Grass -green. Thorax with three testaceous -green stripes. Wings limpid -white ; veins and halteres white. Legs pale green, long, slender ; tibia with black tips ; tarsi black ; first and second joints white, Hack towards the tips. Not rare. (E.) 66. imbecilis, n. Mas et Fcem. viridis, thorace vittis tribus luteis, alls albo-limpidis, venis albis apud costam testaceis, pedibus pallide vi- ridibus. Long. 2|— 3 ; alar. 3-4 lin. Male and Fern. Green. Thorax with three luteous stripes. Metatho- rax and pectus luteous. Wings limpid-white ; costal, radial, and cubital veins pale testaceous, the rest white. Halteres white. Abdomen with white pubescence. Legs pale green, long, slender. Male. Antennae with pale brown plumes. Not rare. (E.) 67. dorsalis? Meig. Zw. i. 25. 10 (1818); Stseg.; Zett. Mas et Fcem, pallide viridis, thorace vittis tribus luteis, alis limpidis ; Mas, ab- dominis segmentis fusco-fasciatis ; Fcem. abdomine fusco, segmentorum marginibus posticis viridibus. Long. 31; alar. 5 lin. Male and Fern. Pale green. Thorax with three luteous stripes, the middle one double. Metathorax brownish. Wings limpid ; costal, ra- dial, and cubital veins and discal transverse veinlet testaceous, the other veins whitish. Halteres white. Legs pale green, slender ; tips of the tibiae, of the joints of the tarsi, and of the fore femora, and base of the fore tibiae, blackish. Male. Antenna? with brown plumes. Abdo- minal segments with brown bands, ichich are broadest towards the tip. Fem. Abdomen brown; hind borders of the segments pale green. Not common. (E.) 68. paganus? Meig. Z\v. vii. 7. 135 (1838).— Var.? Mas et Fcem. prasinus, thorace vittis tribus vix consjoicuis testaceis, alis albo-limpidis, venis albis, tibiis et tarsorum articulis apice nigricantibus. Long. 2|— 3|- ; alar. 8|—4 lin. Var.? Male and Fem. Grass-green. Thorax with three almost obsolete testaceous stripes. Wings limpid - white ; veins white. Halteres pale green. Abdomen rather long. J^egs pale green, long, slender ; tips of the tibiae and of the joints of the tarsi blackish. Male. Antennae with brown plumes. Not common. (E.) 69. obreptans, n. Fcem. viridis, thorace vittis tribus luteis, alis limpidis, venis albidis, femoribus anticis tibiisque apice tarsisque totis ni- gricantibus. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin. Fem. Pale green. Thorax with three luteous stripes. Pectus and metathorax pale luteous. Wings limpid ; veins whitish. Halteres pale green. Abdomen deep grass -green. Legs pale green, long, slender; tarsi and tips of the tibiae and of the fore femora blackish. Not common, (E.) CHIRONOMUS. 169 70. trichopus, n. Mas, viridi-testaceus, thorace vittis tribus ful- vis, alls limpidis, venis halteribusque albidis, abdomine pilosissimo vitta dorsali fulva, pedibus testaceis pilosissimis. Long. 3 ; alar. 4 lin. Male. Greenish-testaceous. Thorax with three tawny stripes. Wings limpid; veins and halteres whitish. Abdomen very pilose, with a slender tawny stripe. Legs pale testaceous, very pilose. Bare. In the British Museum. (E.) 71. pallidicornis, Steph. MSS. Mas et Fcem. pallide viridis, thorace vittis tribus luteis, alis limpidis, venis albidis apud costam testa- ceis, halteribus albis, pedibus testaceis. Long. 1-1 £ ; alar. 2 lin. Male and Fern. Pale green. Thorax with three pale luteous stripes. Wings limpid ; costal, radial, and cubital veins pale testaceous, the rest whitish. Halteres white. Legs testaceous. Male. Antenna with testa- Rare. In the British Museum. (E.) 72. albidus, Wied. Meig. Zw. i. 61. 71 (1818). Mas et Icem. viridi-albus, thorace vittis tribus fulvis, alis albo-limpidis, venis albis apud costam strainineis, halteribus albis, pedibus albidis. Long, li-1^ ; alar. 3 lin. Male and Fern. Greenish- white. Thorax with three tawny stripes. Wings limpid-white ; costal, radial, and cubital veins pale straw-colour, the rest white. Halteres white. Legs whitish, pubescent, slender, rather long. Not common. (E.) 73. tendens, F. E. S. iv. 243. 47 (1792); Meig.; Mcq.; Gim.; Sta?g. ; Zett. Fcem. testaceus, nitidus, thorace convexiusculo antico subproducto, alis limpidis apud costam subtestaceis, venis halteribus- que albidis, segmentorum abdommalium marginibus posticis pallidiori- bus. Long. 3-4 ; alar. 6-8 lin. Fern. Testaceous, shining. Palpi blackish. Thorax rather convex, slightly advanced in front. Wings limpid, with a slight testaceous tinge along the costa ; veins and halteres whitish. Hind borders of the abdominal segments pale testaceous. Legs pale testaceous, long, slender. Not common. (E.) 74. perennis? Meig. Zw. vi. 249. 92 (1830). Mas, niger, alis limpidis, venis halteribusque albidis, illis apud costam testaceis, pedibus fuscis. Long. !•£•; alar. 3 lin. Male. Black. Antennae with black plumes. Wings limpid ; costal, radial, and cubital veins testaceous, the rest whitish. Halteres whitish. Legs broicn, slender. Not common. (E.) 75. discrepans, n. Mas, niger, nitens, alis albo-limpidis, venis albis apud costam testaceis, halteribus albidis, abdomine mndi, suturis VOL. iv. z 170 CHIRONOMID^. apiceque nigricantibus, pedibus viridibus, tibiis et tarsorum articulis apice femoribusque totis nigricantibus. Long. 3| ; alar. 6 lin. Male. Black, shining. Antennae with black plumes. Wings limpid- white ; costal, radial, and cubital veins pale testaceous, the rest white. Halteres whitish. Abdomen dark green ; sutures and three apical seg- ments blackish. Legs dull pale green, long, slender ; femora and tips of the tibia} and of the joints of the tarsi blackish. Not common. In the British Museum. (E.) 76. tar sails, Steph. MSS. Mas, niger, nitens, alis albo-limpidis, venis halteribusque albis, abdomine viridi apicein versus nigro, tarn* albis. Long. 3 ; alar. 5 lin. Male. Bfack, shining. Wings limpid-white ; veins and halteres white. Abdomen pale green, black towards tJte tip. Legs black, long, slender; tarsi white. Eare. In the British Museum. (E.) 77. patens, n. Teem, piceus, thorace nitente, alis sublimpklis pubescentibus, venis albidis apud costam testaccis, halteribus albis, abdomine fusco, segmcntorum marginibus postieis ventreque albidis, pedibus testaceis, femoribus anticis apice subfuscescentibus. Long. 3 ; alar. 6 lin. Jem. Piceous. Thorax shining. Wings almost limpid, pubescent ; costal, radial, and cubital veins testaceous, the rest whitish. Halteres white. Abdomen brown; hind borders of the segments and under- side whitish. Legs testaceous, long, slender; fore femora slightly brownish towards the tips. Eare. In the British Museum. (E.) 78. lugubris? Zett. Dipt. Scand. ix. 3490. 8 (1850). Mas, niger, thorace cinereo vittis tribus nigris, alis limpidis, venis albis apud costam nigricantibus, venula transversa nigra, halteribus albidis, segmentorum abdominalium marginibus postieis cinereis. Long. 4 ; alar. 6 lin. Male. Black. Antennas with black plumes. Thorax grey beneath and on each side, and with two slender grey dorsal stripes. Wings limpid ; costal, radial, and cubital veins blackish, the other veins white ; discal transverse veinlet black. Halteres whitish. Abdomen pubescent, with a grey band on the hind border of each segment. Legs slender ; posterior tibiae and tarsi pubescent. Eare. (E.) 79. enotatus, n. Mas, niger, thorace cinereo vittis tribus nigris, alis sublimpidis, venis apud costam halteribusque fuscis, segmentorum abdominalium marginibus postieis canis, pedibus pallide fuscis. Long. 3 ; alar. 4 lin. Male. Black. Antennas with black plumes. Thorax grey, with three black stripes. Wings nearly limpid ; costal, radial, and cubital veins, and discal transverse veinlet, brown, the other veins paler. Halteres CHTRONOMUS. 171 brown. Hind borders of the abdominal segments hoary. Legs pale brown. Bare. (E.) 80. involitans, n. Mas, niger, thorace cinereo vittis tribus nigris, alls sublimpidis, venis halteribusque albidis, illis apud costam testaceis, pedibus pallide fuscis, tarsis anticis nigricantibus. Long. 3£ ; alar. 4^ lin. Male. Black. Thorax grey, with three black stripes. Wings almost limpid ; costal, radial, and cubital veins pale testaceous, the rest whitish. Halteres whitish. Abdomen very long. Legs pale brown, long, slender ; fore tarsi blackish. Eare. (E.) 81. convectus, n. Mas, niger, thorace testaceo vittis tribus nigris, alis sublimpidis, venis halteribusque albidis, illis apud costam testa- ceis, pedibus fuscis, tarsis anticis nigricantibus. Long. 3-4; alar. 5-6 lin. Male. Black. Antennae with black plumes. Thorax above testaceous, with three black stripes. Wings nearly limpid ; costal, radial, and cubital veins pale testaceous, the rest whitish. Halteres whitish. Legs brown, slender ; fore tarsi blackish. Not rare. (E.) 82. plumosus, L. F. S. 1756 (1761); F. ; Schr. ; Gmel. ; Latr. ; Lam. ; Meig. ; Mcq. ; Gim. ; Zett. — grandis, Meg. ; Meig. Mas et Fcem. cano-testaceus, thorace vittis tribus nigro-cinereis, alis sublimpidis, venis halteribusque albidis, illis apud costam nigris, abdomine nigro- cinereo, segmentorum marginibus posticis albidis, pedibus testaceis, tibiis et tarsorum articulis apice nigris. Long. 4-6 ; alar. 6-7 lin. Testaceous, with hoary tomentum. Palpi and antennae black. Thorax with three blackish-grey stripes. Wings nearly limpid, with a distinct black discal dot, slightly ciliated along the hind border ; costal, radial, and cubital veins black, the rest whitish. Halteres whitish. Abdomen blackish-grey, pubescent, with a whitish band on the hind border of each segment. Legs testaceous ; COXOB hoary ; tips of the tibirc and of the joints of the tarsi black. Male. Antennas with brown plumes. Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 83. littorellus? Meig. Zw. i. 26. 12 (1818); Gim. Var.? Mas, viridis, thorace vittis tribus fuscis, alis limpidis, venis halteribusque albis, illis apud discum testaceis, abdomine fuscescente, segmentorum mar- ginibus posticis albidis, pedibus testaceis, femoribus tibiis et tarsorum articulis apice fuscis. Long. 2^; alar. 3. lin. Var. ? Green. Thorax with three brown stripes, the middle one double. Pectus and metathorax brown. Wings limpid; costal, radial, and cubital veins, and discal transverse veirilct, pale testaceous, the other veins white. Halteres white. Abdomen brownish ; hind borders of the segments whitish. Legs pale testaceous ; tips of the femora, of 172 CHIRONOMIDjE. the tibiae, and of the joints of the tarsi, brown. Male. Antennae with brown plumes. Not common. In the British Museum. (E.) 84. cingulatus, Steph. M.SS.—modestus ? Meig. ; Staeg. ; Zett. Mas, testaceus, thorace vittis tribus pallide fuscis, alis sublimpidis pubes- centibus, venis albidis apud costam testaceis, abdomine fusco, segmen- torum marginibus posticis albidis. Long. 2 ; alar. 3 lin. Male. Testaceous. Thorax with three pale brown stripes. Wings nearly limpid, pubescent ; costal, radial and cubital veins testaceous, the rest whitish. Abdomen brown, very pilose, with a whitish baud on each segment. Legs testaceous, slender, pubescent. Rare. In the British Museum. 85. ferrugineo-vittatus? Zett. Dipt. Scand. ix. 3492. 10(1850); Zett. Fcem. var. ? viridis, thorace vittis tribus ferrugineis, alls lim- pidis, venis albis apud costam testaceis, venula transversa fusca, abdo- mine nigro, segmentorum marginibus posticis viridibus, pedibus fulvis va- lidiusculis, femoribus tibiis et tarsorum articulis apice riigris. Long. 2^-3; alar. 4-5 lin. Fern. Var. ? Green. Palpi and antennae black. Thorax with three pale ferruginous stripes. Wings limpid ; discal transverse veinlet pale brown; costal, radial, and cubital veins testaceous, the rest white. Halteres whitish. Abdomen black ; hind borders of the segments green. Legs tawny, minutely pubescent, rather stout ; tips of the femora, of the tibiae, and of the joints of the tarsi, black. Not rare. (E.) 86. nigrimanus, Staeg. ; Dipt. Dan. 566. 21 (1840) ; Zett. loem. viridis, thorace vittis tribus run's, alis albo-limpidis, venis albis apud costam testaceis, segmentorum abdominalium marginibus posticis albidis, pedibus pallide viridibus, tarsis testaceis, fem.oribus anticis apice necnon tibiis tarsisque anticis totisfuscis. Long. 3-3i ; alar. 5-6 lin. Fern. Green. Thorax with three red stripes. Wings limpid-white ; costal, radial, and cubital veins testaceous, the rest white. Halteres pale testaceous. Hind borders of the abdominal segments whitish. Legs pale green ; tarsi testaceous ; fore tibiae, fore tarsi, and tips of the fore femora, brown. Not common. (E.) 87. irretitus, n. Mas. et Fcem. albido-viridis, thorace vittis tribus testaceis, alis albo-limpidis, venis halteribusque albis, tarsis anterioribus t tibiisque apice nigris. Long. 2-2| ; alar. 3-4 lin. Male and Fern. Whitisli-green. Thorax with three pale testaceous stripes. Wings limpid-white; veins and halteres white. Abdomen pubescent. Legs greenish-white, slender ; tibiae and anterior tarsi with black tips. Not common. (E.) 88. sticticus, F. Sp. Ins. ii. 407. 38 (1791); Gmel. ; Meig.; Mcq. ; CHIRONOMUS. 173 Gim. ; Zett. — histrio, F. ; Meig. — pictulus, Hoffm. ; Meig. ; Zett. Mas et Fcem. niger, thorace cano vittis tribus nigris, alls albis maculis tribus cinereis, venis albis apud costam tesiaceis, venula transversa nigra, segmentorum abdominaliura raarginibus posticis albis, peclibus albidis, feraoribus fuscescentibus, tibiis et tarsorum articulis apice nigris, his basi fasciaque nigris. Long. 3 ; alar. 5 lin. Black. Thorax hoary, with three black dorsal stripes. Wings white, with a black discal dot, and with three pale grey spots in the disc of the areolets, two along the hind border, one towards the tip ; costal, radial and cubital veins pale testaceous, the rest white. Halteres whitish. Abdomen with a white band on the hind border of each seg- ment. Legs whitish, pubescent ; tips of the femora, of the tibiae, and of the joints of the tarsi, black ; femora brownish for three-fourths of the length from the base ; tibire black at the base, and with a black band. Male. Antennae with black plumes. Common. (E. S. I.) 89. lucidus? Zett. I. L. 810. 5 (1837). Mas et Fern, niger, alls limpidis, venis albidis apud costam fuscis, halteribus testaceis, pedibus niyro-fuscis. Long. 3-4 ; alar. 6 lin. Male and Fern. Black. Wings limpid; costal, radial and cubital veins brown, the rest whitish. Halteres pale testaceous. Legs blackish- brown, long, slender. Male. Antennae with black plumes. Not rare. (E.) 90. leucopus? Meig. Zw. vi. 249. 93 (1830).— nigrinus ? Mcq. Mas, niger, alls albo-limpidis, venis albidis apud costam testaceis, hal- teribus albis, pedibus testaceis, femoribus, tibiis et tarsorum articulis apice fuscis. Long. 3^; alar. 5 lin. Male. Black. Antennae with blackish plumes. Wings limpid-white ; costal, radial and cubital veins pale testaceous, the rest whitish. Hal- teres white. Legs pale testaceous, long, slender, pubescent ; tips of the femora, of the tibia, and of the joints of the tarsi, brown. Hare. (E.) 91. carbcnarius, Meig. Zw. i. 40. 43 (1818); Gim. Mas et Fcem. niger, alts albo-limpidis, venis halteribusque albidis, illis apud costam testaceis, pedibus fuscis. Long. 3-4 ; alar. 5-6 lin. Black. Wings limpid-white; costal, radial and cubital veins pale testaceous, the rest whitish. Halteres whitish. Legs brown, long, slender. Male. Antennae with black plumes. Nearly allied to C. lucidus, but more slender ; abdomen longer. Common. (E. S. I.) 92. morulus, n. Mas. niger, iritens, alls limpidis, venis halteribusque albidis, illis apud costam testaceis, pedibns nigro-fuscis, tibiis tetfaceii basi nigro-fuscis, femoribus anticis basi testaceis. Long. 3 ; alar. 5 lin. Male. Black, shining. Antennae with black plumes. Wings limpid ; costal, radial, and cubital veins testaceous, the rest whitish. Halteres 174 CHIRONOMIDjE. whitish. Legs blackish-brown ; tibia testaceous, blackish-brown towards the base ; fore femora testaceous at the base. B/are. In Mr. Saunders' collection. (E.) 93. patibilis, n. Mas et Foem. niger, robustus, alis limpidis, venis halteribusque albidis, pedibus nigro-fuscis. Long. 2 ; alar. 3 lin. Black, stout. Wings limpid ; veins and halteres whitish. Legs black- ish-brown, moderately long and slender. Male. Antennae with black plumes. Not common. (E.) 94. nemoralis? Zett. Dipt, Scand. ix. 3498. 15 (1850). Fcem. var.? canus, thorace vittis tribus uigris, alis sublimpidis, venis albidis apud costam testaceis, venula transversa nigra, halteribus albidis, abdo- mine nigro-cinereo, segmentorum marginibus posticis canis, pedibus tes- taceis, femoribus tibiisque apice fuscis, tarsis fuscis basi testaceis. Long. 4 ; alar. 6 lin. Fern. Var. ? Black. Thorax hoary, with three black stripes. Wings nearly limpid ; costal, radial, and cubital veins testaceous, the rest whitish ; discal transverse veinlet black. Halteres whitish. Abdomen greyish-black ; hind borders of the segments hoary. Legs testaceous, long, slender ; tips of the femora and of the tibiae brown ; tarsi brown, testaceous at the base. Bare. (E.) 95. obvius, n. Mas, niger, valde robustus, thorace ferrugineo vittis tribus latissimis nigris, alis limpidis, venis halteribusque albidis, illis apud costam testaceis, pedibus- fuscis validis. Long. 2^ ; alar. 4 lin. Male. Black, very stout. Antenna with black plumes. Thorax fer- ruginous, with three very broad black dorsal stripes. Wings limpid ; costal, radial, and cubital veins testaceous, the rest whitish. Halteres whitish. Legs brown, stout, of moderate length. Bare. (E.) 96. littorellus? Meig. Zw. i. 26. 12 (1830); Stseg. ; Zett. Mas et Fcem. niger, thorace testaceo vittis tribus nigris, alis limpidis, venis halteribusque albidis, his apud costam testaceis, segmentorum abdomina- lium marginibus posticis testaceis, pedibus testaceis, femoribus tibiisque apice fuscis, tarsis fuscis basi testaceis, tibiis anticis basi fuscis. Long. 3 ; alar. 6 lin. Male and Fern. Black. Thorax testaceous, with three black stripes. Wings limpid ; costal, radial, and cubital veins testaceous, the rest whitish. Halteres whitish. Hind borders of the abdominal segments testaceous. Legs testaceous, long, slender ; tips of the femora and of the tibia3 brown ; tarsi brown, testaceous towards the base ; fore tibia3 brown at the base. Male* Antennae with brown plumes. Not rare. (E.) 97. impar, n. Mas et Fcem. niger, nitens, thorace ferrugineo vittis CHIKONOMU3. 175 tribus nigris, alis subcinereis, venis albidis apud costam fuscis, halteribus testaceis, abdomine ferrugineo, pedibus fulvis, tibiis posterioribus femo- ribus et tarsorum posteriorum articulis apice, necnon tibiis tarsisque anticis totis nigris ; Mas, abdomine vitta dorsali nigra. Long. 2^-3 ; alar. 4-5 lin. Black, shining. Thorax ferruginous, with three black stripes. Wings slightly greyish ; costal, radial, and cubital veins brown, the rest whitish. Halteres testaceous. Abdomen ferruginous. Legs tawny ; fore tibiae, fore tarsi, tips of the femora, of the posterior tibiae, and of the joints of the posterior tarsi, black. Male. Antennas with blackish plumes. Abdomen with a black dorsal stripe. Rare. In the British Museum. (E.) 98. albipennis, Meig. Zw. vi. 248. 87 (1830); Stseg.; Ros.; Zett. Fcem. piceus, thorace testaceo vittis tribus latis piceis, alis lim- pidis, venis albidis apud costam testaceis, halteribus testaceis, pedibus testaceis, tibiis tarsisque apice fuscescentibus. Long. 3^ ; alar. 6 lin. Fern. Piceous. Thorax testaceous, with three broad piceous stripes, which are almost confluent. Wings limpid ; costal, radial, and cubital veins, and discal transverse veinlet, pale testaceous} the other veins whitish. Halteres testaceous. Legs testaceous, long, slender ; tips of the tibiae and of the tarsi brownish. Not common. (E.) 99. stramineipes ? Zett. I. L. 810. 4 (1840). Fcem. var.? tes- taceus, thorace vittis tribus nigris, alis albo-limpidis, venis halteribusque albidis, abdomine fusco-testaceo, segmentorum marginibus posticis albidis, pedibus testaceis, femoribus tibiis et tarsorum articulis apice fuscis. Long. 3 ; alar. 6 lin. Fern. Var. ? Testaceous. Thorax with three black stripes. Wings limpid-white ; veins and halteres whitish. Abdomen brownish-testa- ceous; hind borders of the segments whitish. Legs testaceous ; tips of the femora, of the tibiae, and of the joints of the tarsi, brown. Rare. In Mr. Saunders' collection. (E.) 100. incoactus, n. Mas, testaceus, thorace vittis tribus nigris, alis sublimpidis, venis halteribusque albidis, his apud costam testaceis, pe- dibus pallide testaceis, tibiis tarsisque apice obscurioribus. Long. 2 ; alar. 3 lin. Male. Dark testaceous. Thorax with three black stripes. Metathorax blackish. Wings almost limpid ; costal, radial, and cubital veins, and discal transverse veinlet, testaceous, the other veins whitish. Halteres whitish. Legs pale testaceous ; tips of the tibiae and of the tarsi darker. Male. Antennas with brown plumes. Not common. (E.) 101. conversus, n. Mas et Fcem. pallide testaceus, thorace vittis tribus fuscis, alis limpidis, venis halteribusque albidis, his apud costam 176 CHIRONOMID^:. testaceis, femoribus tibiisque apice tarsisque totis fuscis. Long. 1|; alar. 3 lin. Male and Fern. Pale testaceous. Thorax with three brown stripes. Metathorax black. Wings limpid ; costal, radial, and cubital veins, and discal transverse veinlet testaceous, the other veins whitish. Hal- teres whitish. Legs pale testaceous ; tarsi and tips of the femora and of the tibias brown. Not common. (E.) 102. zonarius, n. Mas, viridis, thorace vittis tribus fuscis, alis limpidis, venis albidis apud costam testaceis, halteribus albis, abdominis segmentis fusco-fasciatis, pedibus viridibus, femoribus tibiis et tarsorum articulis apice nigris. Long. 2-^ ; alar. 3 lin. Male. Green. Antenna? with brown plumes. Thorax with three brown stripes, the middle one double. Pectus and metathorax brownish. Wings limpid ; costal, radial, and cubital veins pale testaceous, the rest whitish. Halteres white. Abdomen with brown bands, which occupy nearly the whole of the three apical segments. Legs pale green ; tips of the femora, of the tibias, and of the joints of the tarsi, black. Rare. In the British Museum. (E.) 103. rufipes, L. F. S. 439. 1778 (1761); F. ; Meig.; Zett. — bifasciatus, Meig. ; Mcq. Niger, nitens, alis -albidis fascia lata fusca, abdominis segmentis fulvo-fasciatis, pedibus testaceis, tibiis et tarsorum articulis apice nigris, tarsis anticis nigris basi testaceis. Long. 3-3| ; alar. 5-6 lin. Black, shining, stout. Wings whitish, with a broad brown band a little before the middle, nearly evanescent towards the hind border ; costal, radial, and cubital veins testaceous, the rest whitish. Halteres testaceous. Abdomen pubescent, with a tawny band on each segment. Legs testaceous, stout ; tips of the tibias and of the joints of the tarsi black ; fore tarsi black, excepting the metatarsus. Male. Antennas with brown plumes. Legs partly pubescent. Bare. In the British Museum. (E.) 104. intextus, n. Mas, niger, gracilis, alis albo-limpidis, venis halteribusque albis, pedibus pallide fuscis. Long. 3^; alar. 4 lin. Male. Black, slender. Antennas with black plumes. Wings limpid- white ; veins and halteres white. Abdomen veiy long. Legs pale brown, slender. Not common. (E.) 105. oppetitus, n. Mas, niger, alis albo-limpidis, venis albidis apud costam testaceis, venula transversa nigra, segmentorum abdomi- nalium marginibus posticis albidis, pedibus testaceis, femoribus tibiis et tarsorum articulis apice nigricantibus. Long. 3 ; alar. 5 lin. Male. Black. Antennas with black plumes. Wings limpid-white ; costal, radial, and cubital veins testaceous, the other veins whitish; discal transverse veinlet black. Halteres testaceous. Abdomen pubes- CHIRONOMUS. 177 cent, with a whitish land on the hind border of each segment. Legs dark testaceous ; tips of the femora, of the tibia, and of the joints of the tarsi, blackish. Kare. (E.) 106. marcidus, n. Mas, niger, alis limpidis, venis albidis apud costam testaceis, halteribus albis, pedibus testaceis. Long. 2 ; alar. 3 lin. Male. Black. Antenna? with black plumes. Wings limpid ; costal, radial, and cubital veins pale testaceous, the rest whitish. Halteres white. Abdomen very pubescent. Legs slender, pale dull testaceous. Rare. (E.) 107. obvertens, n. Mas et Foem. viridis, thorace vittis tribus ru- fescentibus, alls albo-limpidis, venis halteribusque albis, illis apud costam testaceis, venula transversa fuscescente, pedibus testaceis, femoribus tibiis et tarsorum articulis apice nigris. Long. 2^-3 ; alar. 5 lin. Male and Fern. Green. Thorax with three pale reddish stripes. Wings limpid-white ; discal transverse veinlet brownish ; costal, radial, and cubital veins pale testaceous, the rest white. Halteres white. Legs testaceous, long, slender ; tips of the femora, of the tibia?, and of the joints of the tarsi, black. Not common. (E.) 108. convestitus, n. Mas, niger, thorace ferrugineo vittis tribus nigris, alis cinereis, venis albidis apud costam fuscis, pedibus ferrugineis. Long. 2£ ; alar. 4 lin. Male. Black. Antenna? with blackish plumes. Thorax ferruginous, with three black stripes. Pectus hoary. Wings grey ; costal, radial, and cubital veins brown, the rest whitish. Halteres white. Abdomen pubescent. Legs ferruginous. Bare. (E.) 109. perreptans, n. Mas, niger, thorace vittis tribus virescentibus, alis sublimpidis, venis albis apud costam nigris, halteribus albidis, ab- domine viridi suturis nigris, pedibus viridibus, femoribus tibiisque apice tarsisque nigris. Long. 3 ; alar. 5 lin. Male. Black. Antenna? with black plumes. TJwrax with three greenish stripes. Wings nearly limpid ; costal, radial, and cubital veins, and discal transverse veinlet black, the rest white. Halteres whitish. Abdomen dingy green; sutures black. Legs dingy green, slender; tarsi and tips of the femora and of the tibia? black. Not common. (E.) 110. hebescens, n. Foem. testaceo-viridis, subcanescens, thorace vittis tribus cinereis, alis albo-limpidis, venis halteribusque albidis, illis apud costam testaceis, venula transversa fusca, abdoinine pedibusque viridibus, tarsorum articulis apice fuscis. Long, 3£ ; alar. 6 lin. Fern. Testaceous-green, with a slight hoary tinge. Thorax with three grey stripes. Metathorax mostly grey. Wings limpid-white; costal, radial, and cubital veins pale testaceous, the rest whitish ; discal trans- VOL. iv. 2 A 178 CHIRONOMIDjE. verse veinlet brown. Halteres whitish. Abdomen pale green, pubes- cent. Legs pale green, slightly pubescent ; joints of the tarsi with brown tips. Eare. In the British Museum. (E.) 111. lentulus, n. Mas et Foem. testaceus, tliorace vittis tribus nigris, alis limpidis, venis halteribusque albis, illis apud costam testa- ceis, abdomine nigro-viridi, pedibus fulvis. Long. 3-3 f ; alar. 5-6 lin. Male and Fern. Testaceous. Palpi and antennae black. Thorax with three black stripes. Wings limpid; costal, radial, and cubital veins testaceous, the rest white. Halteres white. Abdomen greenish-black, with whitish pubescence. Legs tawny, minutely pubescent. Not common. (E.) 112. perpessus, n. Mas, niger, alis sublimpidis, venis halteri- busque albidis, illis apud costam testaceis, pedibus fuscis, tarsis nigri- cantibus. Long. 3| ; alar. 6 lin. Male. Black. Antennae with black plumes. Wings nearly limpid ; costal, radial, and cubital veins pale testaceous, the rest whitish. Hal- teres whitish. Legs brown, slender ; tarsi blackish. Rare. (E.) 113. dolens, n. Mas, niger, alis albidis, venis albidis apud costam testaceis, venula transversa halteribusque fuscis, pedibus fuscis subpilosis, tibiis tarsisque anticis pilosissimis. Long. 4 ; alar. 6 lin. Male. Black. Antennae with black plumes. Wings whitish ; costal, radial, and cubital veins testaceous, the rest whitish ; discal transverse veinlet dark brown. Halteres brown. Abdomen long, very hairy. Legs brown, long, slender, slightly hairy ; fore tibia and fore tarsi very hairy. Eare. In the British Museum. (E.) 114. moerens, C. D. B. M. i. 18 (1848). Mas, niger, valde ro- bustus et pilosus, alis albidis basi nigricantibus, venis albis apud costam albidis, venula transversa pallide fusca, halteribus fuscis, pedibus ferru- gineis pilosissimis. Long. 4 ; alar. 6 lin. Male. Black, very stout, very hairy. Antennae with black plumes. Wings whitish, blackish at the base ; costal, radial, and cubital veins whitish, the rest white ; discal transverse veinlet pale brown. Halteres brown. Legs ferruginous, very hairy. Eare. In the British Museum. (E.) 115. irritus, n. Mas, niger, alis sublimpidis, venis albidis, halte- ribus albis, pedibus fuscis. Long. H ; alar. 2 lin. Male. Black. Antennae with black plumes. Wings almost limpid ; veins whitish. Halteres white. Legs brown, slender. Eare. (E.) 116. variabilis? Staeg. Dipt. Dan. 571. 44 (1840); Zett.— geni- culatus ? Meig. Mas et Foem. niger, thorace sordide testaceo vittis tribus CH1RONOMUS. 179 latis fere contiguis nigris, alis subcinereis, venis albidis apud costam nigris, halteribus albis, abdomine nigro-fusco, pedibus fuscis, tarsis nigris. Long. 2-2i; alar. 4 lin. Male and Fern. Black. Thorax above dingy testaceous, with three broad almost confluent black stripes. Wings slightly greyish ; costal, radial, and cubital veins, and discal transverse veinlet black, the rest whitish: Halteres white. Abdomen brownish-black, not pubescent. Legs brown, long, slender ; tarsi black. Male. Antennae with black plumes. Not common. (E.) 117. intrudens, n. Mas et Fcem. niger, thorace fulvo yittis tribus nigris, alis subcinereis, venis albidis apud costam fuscescentibus, halte- ribus testaceis, pedibus ferrugineis, tibiis anticis tarsisque nigricantibus. Long. 3-3-i- ; alar. 5-6 lin. Male and Fern. Black. Thorax tawny, with three black stripes. Wings slightly greyish ; costal, radial, and cubital veins, and discal transverse veinlet brownish, the other veins whitish. Halteres testaceous. Legs ferruginous ; tarsi and fore tibiae blatkish. Male. AntennaB with black plumes. Not rare. (E.) 118. pervulsus, n. Mas, niger, validiusculus, alis limpidis basi nigricantibus, venis et halteribus albidis, pedibus obscure fuscis sat ro- bustis. Long. 1^-2 ; alar. 2-^-4 lin. Male. Black, rather stout. Antennae with black plumes. Wings limpid, blackish at the base; veins and halteres whitish. Legs dark broicn, rather stout. Not common. (E.) 119. inscendens, n. Mas et Fcem. niger, validiusculus, alis albo- limpidis, venis et halteribus albis, tibiis posterioribus albidis basi apiceque nigris. Long. 2-|- ; alar. 4 lin. Male and Fern. Black, rather stout. Wings limpid-white ; veins and halteres white. Legs moderately long ; posterior tibice whitish, black at the base and at the tips. Male. Antennae with black plumes. Not common. (E.) 120. excerptus, n. Mas, niger, alis subcinereis, venis albidis apud costam fuscis, halteribus testaceis, femoribus piceis basi testaceis. Long. 1^ ; alar. 2£ lin. Male. Black. Antennae with black plumes. Wings slightly greyish ; costal, radial, and cubital veins, and discal transverse veinlet brown, the other veins whitish. Halteres testaceous. Legs black ; femora piceous, testaceous at the base. Rare. (E.) 121. nactus, n. Mas, niger, alis subcinereis, venis albidis, halte- ribus albis, pedibus nigricantibus. Long. 1^-2 ; alar. 2f— 3 lin. Male. Black. Antennae with black plumes. Wings greyish ; veins 180 CHIRONOMEDjE. whitish. Halteres white. Abdomen long, slender. Legs blackish, long, slender. Eare. (E.) 122. obiidens, n. Mas, ater, alis subcinereis, venis albidis apud .costam nigricantibus. Long. 2£ ; alar. 4 lin. Male. Deep black. Antennae with black plumes. Wings slightly greyish; costal, radial, and cubital veins blackish, the rest whitish. Legs rather long and slender. Eare. (E.) 1 23. effusus, n. Mas et Fcem. niger, alis sublim,pidis, venis albidis apud costam testaceis, halteribus fuscis, abdomine nigro-fusco, pedibus obscure testaceis. Long. 1-1 £; alar. 2 lin. Male and Fern. Black. Wings nearly limpid; costal, radial and cubital veins pale testaceous, the rest whitish. Halteres brown. Ab- domen dark brown. Legs dull testaceous, pubescent. Male. Antennae with brown plumes. Not rare. (E.) 124. fuscipes, Meig. Zw. i. 49. 65 (1818); Mcq.; Stag. ; Eos. ; Zett. Mas, niger, alis subcinereis pubescentibus, venis albidis, halteribus albis, pedibus fuscescentibus. Long. 1 ; alar. If lin. Male. Black. Antennae with black plumes. Wings slightly greyish, pubescent ; veins whitish. Halteres white. Legs brownish. Eare. In the British Museum. (E.) 125. venosus? Meig. Zw. vi.'253. 105 (1830). Mas, niger, tho- race vittis tribus testaceis, alis sublimpidis, venis halteribusque albidis, illis apud costam nigricantibus, segmentorum abdominalium marginibus posticis fulvis, pedibus sordide testaceis, femoribus tibiis et tarsorum articulis apice nigris. Long. 2-3 ; alar. 4-4^ lin. Male. Black. Antennae with black plumes. Thorax testaceous on each side, and with three very slender testaceous stripes. Wings nearly limpid ; costal, radial, and cubital veins, and ducal transverse veinlet blackish, the other veins whitish. Halteres whitish. Abdomen with a tawny land on the hind border of each segment, clothed with whitish down. Legs dingy testaceous ; tips of the femora, of the tibia?, and of the joints of the tarsi black. Not rare. {E.) 126. incomptus, n. Mas, niger, validiusculus, thoracefulvo vittis tribus latissimis nigris, alis subcinereis, venis nigricantibus, halteribus albidis, segmentorum abdominalium marginibus posticis cinereis, pedibus fulvis, tarsis nigris. Long. 2-*-; alar. 4 lin. Male. Black, rather stout. Antennas with black plumes. Thorax tawny above, with three very broad black dorsal stripes. Wings greyish ; veins mostly blackish. Halteres dingy whitish. Abdomen pubescent, with a grey band on the hind border of each segment. Legs tawny, rather stout ; tarsi black. Not common. (E.) CHIRONOMUS. 181 127- persidens, n. Mas, niger, thorace sordide testaceo vittis tri- bus latis nigris, alls sublimpidis, venis albidis apud costam testaceis, pe- dibus fuscis. Long. 2 ; alar. 3 lin. Male. Slack. Antennae with black plumes. Thorax dingy testaceous, with three broad black dorsal stripes. Wrings nearly limpid, slightly clouded with black at the base ; costal, radial, and cubital veins testaceous, the rest whitish. Halteres white. Abdomen pubescent. Legs brown, slender. Eare. (E.) 128. expalpans, n. Mas, albidus, thorace vittis tribus nigris, alls subcinereis pubescentibus, venis testaceis, halteribus albidis, abdomine fusco segmentorum marginibus posticis albidis, pedibus testaceis, femori- bus tibiis tarsisque apice nigricantibus. Long. 2-i ; alar. 3-| lin. Male. Whitish. Palpi and antennae black, the latter with brown plumes. Thorax with three black stripes. Wings slightly greyish, pu- bescent ; veins testaceous. Halteres whitish. Abdomen brown above, with a whitish band on the hind border of each segment. Legs testaceous, minutely pubescent, moderately long ; tarsi towards the tips, and tips of the femora and of the tibiae, blackish. Not rare. (E.) 129. obditus, n. Mas et Fcem. testaceus, validus, thorace vittis tribus vix divisis nigris, alls sublimpidis, venis apud discum fuscis, halte- ribus albidis, abdomine fusco, pedibus fermgineis, tibiis anticis tarsisque fuscis. Long. 2-3 ; alar. 4-5 lin. Testaceous, stout. Thorax with three black, almost confluent, stripes. Me- tathorax and pectus mostly black. Wings nearly limpid ; costal, radial, and cubital veins, and discal transverse veinlet brown, the other veins paler. Halteres whitish. Abdomen brown, shining, pubescent. Legs ferru- ginous, long, slender ; tarsi and fore tibiae dark brown. Male. Anten- nas with black plumes. Not common. (E.) 130. olivaceus, Meig. Zw. i. 29. 18 (1818); Mcq.; Stoag.; Zett. Mas et Fcem. fulvo-viridis, thorace vittis tribus nigris, alis subcinereis, venis halteribusque albidis, illis apud costam fuscis, abdomine fuscescente, pedibus fulvis, tibiis anticis tarsisque fuscis. Long. 2^ ; alar. 5 lin. Male and Fern. Dull tawny green. Thorax with three black stripes. Pectus and metathorax black. Wings slightly grey ; costal, radial, and cubital veins brown, the rest whitish. Halteres whitish. Abdomen brownish. Legs dull tawny ; tarsi and fore tibiae brown. Not common. In the British Museum. (E.) 131. rubicundus? Meig. Zw. i. 35. 33 (1818). Fcem. pallide testaceus, thorace vittis tribus cinereis, alis albo-limpidis, venis halteri- busque albis, illis apud costam testaceis, abdomine rufescente, femoribus tibiis et tarsis apice fuscescentibus. Long. 1 ; alar. 2£- lin. Few. Pale testaceous. Thorax with three grey stripes. Metathorax 182 CHIRONOMID^. grey. Wings limpid-white ; costal, radial, and cubital veins pale testa- ceous, the rest white. Halteres white. Abdomen reddish. Legs tes- taceous ; tips of the femora, of the tibiae, and of the tarsi, brownish. Eare. In the British Museum. (E.) 132. testaceus, Mcq. D. N. i. 198. 16 (1826); Meig. ; Stseg. ; Zett. Testaceus, validus, alis albo-limpidis, venis halteribusque albis ; Mas, thorace vittis tribus fuscis, abdomne fmco, basi testaceo ; Fcem. thorace vittis tribus fulvis, abdomine testaceo. Long. 1^-1^-; alar. 3 lin. Testaceous, stout. Wings limpid-white; veins and halteres white. Male. Antennae with brown plumes. Thorax with three brown stripes, the middle one divided. Metathorax and disc of the pectus brown. Abdomen brown, pubescent, dull testaceous towards the base. Fern. Thorax with three pale tawny stripes. Metathorax tawny. Abdomen testaceous. Not rare. (E.) 133. minuscuhis, n. Fcem. pallide viridis, thorace vittis tribus latis luteis, alis limpidis, venis pedibusque testaceis, femoribus tibiisque apice tarsisque fuscis, tibiis ariticis basi fuscis. Long. 1 ; alar. 2± lin. Fern. Pale green. Thorax with three broad luteous stripes. Wings limpid ; veins testaceous. Legs testaceous ; tarsi and tips of the fe- mora and of the tibise brown, fore tibia3 brown towards the base. Eare. In the British Museum. (E.) 134. interseptus, n. Fcem. albido-testaceus, thorace vittis tribus contiguis rufescentibus, alis albo-limpidis pubescentibus, venis halteri- busque albis, illis apud costam pedibusque testaceis. Long. 2 ; alar. 5 lin. Fern. Wrhitish-testaceous. Thorax with three reddish confluent stripes. Metathorax reddish. Wings limpid-white, pubescent; costal, radial, and cubital veins pale testaceous, the rest white. Halteres white. Legs pale testaceous, long, slender. Eare. In the British Museum. (E.) 135. exspatians, n. Fcem. testaceus, thorace vittis tribus luteis, alis limpidis, venis albis apud costam testaceis, halteribus pallide flavis, abdominis segmentis fusco-fasciatis, tarsorum posteriorum articulis ti- biisque apice nccnon tarsis anticis totis fuscis. Long. 1|; alar. 3 lin. Fern. Testaceous. Thorax with three luteous stripes. Metathorax brown. Wings limpid; costal, radial, and cubital veins, and discal transverse veinlet testaceous, the other veins white. Halteres pale yel- low. Abdominal segments with brown bands in front. Legs rather stout ; fore tarsi, and tips of the tibise, and of the joints of the poste- rior tarsi, brown. Eare. (E.) 136. pertenuis, n. Fcem. pallide testaceus, gracilis, thorace sub- producto, alis limpidis, venis testaceis distinctis. Long. 1 ; alar. 2 lin. CHIRONOMUS. 183 Fern. Pale testaceous, slender. Thorax slightly produced in front. Wings limpid; veins testaceous, distinct. Legs slender. Rare. (E.) 137. obscurus, F. S. A. 40. 11 (1805); Meig.; Sta3g.; Zett.— barbicornis, F. ; Meig. Ater, alls sublacteis, venis albis, halteribus pedi- busque nigris, femoribus pubescentibus validiusculis. Long. 1^-2 ; alar. 3-3£ lin. Deep black. Wings somewhat milky -white ; veins white. Halteres black. Abdomen pubescent. Legs black; femora pubescent, rather stout. Male. AntennaB with black plumes. Common. (E.) 138. permacer, n. Mas et Fcem. niger, gracilis, pectore ventre- que cinereis, alis subcinereis, venis albidis apud costam nigris, metatarso postico tibice posticte bis triente longiore. Long. 2 ; alar. 3-^-4 lin. Male and Jem. Black, slender. Pectus and abdomen beneath grey. Wings very slightly greyish ; costal, radial, and cubital veins, and dis- cal transverse veinlet black ; the other veins whitish. Abdomen rather long. Legs long and slender : hind metatarsus more than two-thirds of the length of the hind tibia. Not common. (E.) 139. incallidus, n. Mas, niger, alis subcinereis, venis albidis apud costam nigris, halteribus albis, metatarso postico tibiae postica bis triente breviore. Long. 2i ; alar. 4 lin. Male. Black. Antenna with black plumes. Wings very slightly greyish ; costal, radial, and cubital veins, and discal transverse veinlet black, the other veins whitish. Halteres white. Abdomen long, slen- der. Legs long, slender. — Nearly allied to C. permacer, but with stouter legs, and the hind metatarsus is less than two-thirds of the length of the hind tibia. Not common. (E.) 140. obsepiens, n. Mas et Fcem. niger, alis sublimpidis, venis albidis, halteribus albis, abdomine nigro-viridi, pedibus sordide albidis. Long. 1£ ; alar. 2|- lin. Male and Fern. Black. Wings nearly limpid ; veins whitish. Hal- teres white. Abdomen greenish-black. Legs dingy whitish, slender. Male. Abdomen with black plumes. Not rare. (E.) 141. paganicus, n. Fcem. nigro-cinereis, alis subcinereis, venis fuscis, halteribns albidis, pedibus piceis. Long. 1^; alar. 3 lin. Fern, greyish-black. Wings greyish ; veins brown. Halteres whitish. Legs piceous, slender. Not common. (E.) 142. oppertus, n. Mas, niger, validus, alis sublimpidis, venis halte- 184 CHIRON OMIDjE. ribusque albidis, illis apud costam fuscis, pedibus validiusculis. Long. 2^; alar. 4 lin. Male. Black, stout. Antennae with black plumes. Thorax shining. Wings nearly limpid; costal, radial, and cubital veins, and discal trans- verse veinlet brown, the other veins whitish. Halteres whitish. Abdomen pubescent. Legs rather stout. Bare. (E.) 143. novatus, n. Mas et Fcem. nigro-cinereis, alts subcinereis, venis albidis apud costam fuscescentibus, halter ibus albis, pedibus obscure fuscis. Long. 1-^-2 ; alar. 2i-3i lin. Male and Fern. Cinereous-black. Wings very slightly greyish ; costal, radial, and cubital veins pale brownish, the rest whitish. Halteres white. Legs dark brown, slender. Male. Antennas with black plumes. Common. (E.) 144. nigratus, n. Foem. niger, alls sublimpidis, venis albidis apud costam nigricantibus, halteribus pedibusque testaceis, femoribus tibiis tar- sisque apice nigricantibus. Long. 1 ; alar. 2 lin. Fem. Black. Wings nearly limpid ; costal, radial, and cubital veins blackish, the rest whitish. Halteres testaceous. Legs testaceous, slender ; tips of the femora, of the tibiae, and of the tarsi blackish. Eare. (E.) 145. impensus, n. — abdominalis? Stseg. ; Zett. Foem. niger, alis albo-limpidis pubescentibus, venis halteribusque albis, abdomine rufescente, pedibus testaceis validiusculis. Long, f ; alar. 1^ lin. Fem. Black. Wings limpid-white, pubescent ; veins and halteres white. Abdomen reddish. Legs testaceous, rather short and stout. Bare. In the British Museum. (E.) 146. tibialis? Meig. Zw. i. 41. 47 (1818); Mcq.; Gim. ; Zett. Var. ? Mas, niger, thoracis lateribus fulvis, alis sublimpidis, venis halteri- busque albidis, illis apud costam testaceis, segmentorum abdominalium marginibus posiicis cams, pedibus fuscescentibus, tibiis albido-unifasciatis. Long. 2; alar. 3^ lin. Var. ? Male. Black. Antennas with brown plumes. Thorax tawny on each side. Wings nearly limpid ; costal, radial, and cubital veins testaceous, the rest whitish. Halteres whitish. Abdomen ivith a hoary band on each segment. Legs brownish ; a whitish band on each tibia. Bare. In the British Museum. (E.) 147. nexilis, n. Mas, canus, thorace vittis tribus nigricantibus, alis sublimpidis, venis albidis apud costam fuscescentibus, halteribus albis, abdomine piceo, pedibus testaceis, tibiis et tarsorum articulis apice ni- gris. Long. 2^ ; alar. 4 lin. Male. Hoary. Antennas with black plumes. Thorax with three blackish stripes. Wings nearly limpid; costal, radial, and cubital veins pale brownish, tJie rest whitish. Halteres white. Abdomen piceous. CH1RONOMUS. 185 Legs dull testaceous, long, slender ; tips of the tibiae and of the joints of the tarsi black. Kare. (E.) 148. offectus, n. Mas, niger, thorace cano vittis tribus fere con- junctis nigris, alls subcinereis, venis albido -testaceis, abdomine nigro-piceo, pedibusfuscis. Long. 2-2^-; alar. 3|-4 lin. Male. Blade, slender. Antennae with black plumes. Thorax hoary, with three black, almost confluent, stripes. Things slightly greyish ; veins whitish- testaceous. Abdomen piceous-black. Legs brown, long, slender. Not common. (E.) 149. sordidellus? Zett. I. L. 814. 26 (1840). Mas et Icem. testaceusy thorace mttis tribus nigris, alls subcinereis, venis albidis apud costam testaceis, venula transversa fusca, halteribus albis, abdomine fusco, pedibus testaceis, tibiis et tarsorum articulis apice nigricantibus. Long. 2-3 ; alar. 4-5 lin. Testaceous. Thorax with three black stripes. Metathorax and disc of the pectus black. Wings very slightly greyish; costal, radial, and cubital veins testaceous, the rest whitish ; discal transverse veinlet brown. Halteres white. Abdomen brown. Legs dull testaceous, long, slender ; tips of the tibiae and of the tarsi blackish. Male. Antennae with black- ish plumes. Not common. (E.) 150. frigidus? Zett. I. L. 812. 14 (1840); Sta3g.? Mas, niger, thorace testaceo vittis tribus latissimis nigris^ alls limpidis, venis halte- ribusque albidis, pedibus fuscis. Long. 1 ; alar. 2 lin. Male. Slack. Antenna with blackish plumes. Thorax above tes- taceous, with three very broad black stripes. Wings limpid ; veins and halteres whitish. Legs brown. Bare. (E.) 151. inserpens, n. Mas et Fcem. testaceo-viridis, thorace vittis tribus fuscis, alis albo-limpidis, venis albis apud costam testaceis, hal- teribus albidis, pedibus testaceis, femoribus tibiisque apice tarsisque fuscis. Long. 2-2 £ ; alar. 3-4 lin. Testaceous-green. Thorax with three brown stripes. JFings limpid- white ; costal, radial, and cubital veins testaceous, the rest white. Hal- teres whitish. Legs testaceous ; tarsi and tips of the femora and of the tibire brown. Male. Antennaa with brown plumes. Abdomen brown towards the tip. Not rare. (E.) 152. notatus? Meig. Zw. i. 25. 11 (1818). Icem. testaceus, thorace vittis tribus nigris, alis subcinereis, venis halteribusque albidis, illis apud costam abdomineque necnon tibiis apice tarsisque fuscis. Long. 1^; alar. 2| lin. Fern. Testaceous. Thorax with three black stripes ; metathorax black. Wings very slightly greyish ; costal, radial, and cubital veins brown, the VOL. iv. '2 « 186 CHIRONOMID^. rest whitish. Halteres whitish. Abdomen pale brown. Legs testa- ceous, slender ; tarsi and tips of the tibiae brown. Rare. (E.) 153. nugax, n. Cervinus, alis limpidis pubescentibus, venis hal- teribusque albis, illis apud costam testaceis, venula transversa nigra, abdomine albido suturis fuscis, pedibus albidis. Long. 2^ ; alar. 4 lin. Fawn-colour. Wings limpid, pubescent ; transverse veinlet black ; costal, radial, and cubital veins pale testaceous, the rest white. Hal- teres white. Abdomen whitish, pubescent ; sutures of the segments brown. Legs whitish, pubescent. Nearly allied to C. pallidulm, Meig. Rare. (E.) 154. elegans, Meig. ! Zw. i. 48. 63. pi. 2. f. 7 (1818).— crassipes, Panz. — astivus, Curt. B. E. 70. — hirtipes, Mcq. ; Meig. Zw. vii. Tes- taceus, thorace producto conico disco aut vittis tribus fulvis lateribus nigro-guttatis, alis sublimpidis nonnunquam nigro-trimaculatis, venis albis apud costam testaceis, halteribus albidis, abdoniine punctiunculis nigris, pedibus validis pilosissiinis. Long. 3-3^ ; alar. 5-6 lin. Testaceous. Vertex tawny. Thorax prolonged and conical in front, with three tawny stripes and with a row of black dots on each side. "Wings nearly limpid, very slightly testaceous along the costa, with three blackish spots, one near the hind border, the other two in the disc at two-thirds of the length ; costal, radial, and cubital veins pale testa- ceous, the rest white. Halteres whitish. Abdomen with black punc- tures. Legs stout, very pubescent ; joints of the tarsi with brownish tips. — Yar. /3. Disc of the thorax tawny. Wings without blackish spots. Eare. Inhabits woods. (E.) 155. stercorarius, D. G. Ins. vi. 149. 22 (1781); Schr. ; Meig. ; Mcq. ; Zett. ; Gim. ; Stseg. — chiopterus, Meig. Kl. Zw. Mas et Fcem. niger, alis limpidis, venis albidis apud costam nigris, halteribus fuscis, abdomine pubescente, pedibus piceis subpubescentibus. Long. 1^-- 2 ; alar. 3-4 lin. Male and Fern. Black. Wrings limpid; costal, radial, and cubital veins blackish, the rest whitish. Halteres brown. Abdomen pubescent. Legs piceous, minutely pubescent. Male. Antennae with black plumes. Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 156. aterrimus, Meig. Zw. i. 47. 59 (1818) ; Gim. ; Sta?g. ; Zett. Mas et Fcem. ater, alis limpidis, venis albidis apud costam nigricantibus, halteribus nigris, abdomine pilosissimo, pedibus pilosis, femoribus cras- siusculis. Long. 1-|— 2 ; alar. 3-4 lin. Male and Fern. Deep black. Wings limpid; costal, radial, and cu- bital veins blackish, the rest whitish. Halteres black. Abdomen very hairy. Legs hairy ; femora rather thick. Male. Antenna? with black plumes. Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) CH1UONOMUS. 187 157. lucens? Zett. D. Sc. ix. 3574. 102 (1850).-— lucidus, Staeg. Mas, niger, validus, alis albidis basi nigricantibus, venis albis, halteribus fuscis, pedibus piceis validiusculis. Long. 3 ; alar. 4 lin. Male. Black, stout, pubescent. Antennae with black plumes. Wings whitish, blackish at the base; veins white. Halteres brown. Legs piceous, pubescent, rather stout. Bare. (E.) 158. minutus? Zett. D. S. ix. 3522. 39 (1850). Fcem. niger, alis limpidis, venis halteribusque albidis, illis apud costam testaceis, pedibus testaceis, tarsis fuscescentibus. Long, f ; alar. 1-i- lin. Fern. Black. Wings limpid ; costal, radial, and cubital veins testa- ceous, the rest whitish. Halteres whitish. Legs dull testaceous; tarsi brownish. Bare. (E.) 159. opplens, n. Mas, niger, thorace nitente, alis sublimpidis, venis halteribusque albidis, illis apud costam testaceis, pedibus nigrican- tibus. Long. H-2 ; alar. 3-3i lin. Male. Black. Antennas with black plumes. Thorax shining. Wings nearly limpid ; costal, radial, and cubital veins testaceous, the rest whitish. Halteres whitish. Legs blackish, long, slender. Not rare. (E.) 160. plebeius? Meg. ; Meig. Zw. i. 40. 44 (1818). Var.? Fcem. niger, alis limpidis, venis halteribusque albidis, illis apud costam fuscis, pedibus pallide fuscis, metatarsis anticis albidis apice fuscis. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin. Var. ? Fern. Black. Wings limpid ; costal, radial, and cubital veins brown, the rest whitish. Halteres whitish. Legs pale brown ; tarsi and tips of the femora and of the tibice darker ; fore metatarsi whitish, except at the tips. Rare. In the British Museum. (E.) 161. nitidicollis, Steph. MSS. Mas, niger, thorace nitente, alis albo-limpidis, venis albis, halteribus fuscis, pedibus ferrugineis pubescen- tibus. Long. 2 ; alar. 3 lin. Male. Black. Antennas with black plumes. Thorax shining. Wings limpid-white; veins white. Halteres brown. Leys ferruginous, pubes- cent. Bare. In the British Museum. (E.) 162. pergens, n. Mas, canus, thorace vittis tribus nigris, alis subcinereis, venis albidis apud costam fuscis, halteribus albis, abdomiue nigro subtus cinereo, pedibus fulvis, tibiis apice tarsisque nigris. Long. 2£ ; alar. 4 lin. Male. Hoary. Antennae with black plumes. Thorax with three black stripes. Wings greyish; costal, radial, and cubital veins, and discal transverse veinlet brown, tlit oilier veins whitish. Halteres white. 188 CHIRON OMID^E. Abdomen black, cinereous beneath. Legs tawny, long, slender ; tarsi and tips of the tibiae black. Rare. (E.) 163. obtexens, n. Fcem. canus, thorace vittis tribus nigris, alls cinereis, venis halteribusque albidis, illis apud costam nigris, abdomine cinereo subtus testaceo, segmentorum marginibus posticis albidis, pedibus niyro-fuscis. Long. 2-|-; alar. 7 lin. Fern. Hoary. Thorax with three black stripes. Wings long, grey ; costal, radial, and cubital veins, and discal transverse veinlet black, the rest whitish. Halteres whitish. Abdomen cinereous, testaceous be- neath ; hind borders of the segments whitish. Legs blackish-brown, long, slender.. Not common. (E.) 164. deproperans, n. Fcem. canus, thorace vittis tribus nigris, alls subcinereis, venis pallide fuscis apud costam obscurioribus, halteribus albidis, abdomine nigro snbtusfuscescente, segmentisjlavo-fasciatis, pedibus nigris. Long. 1^-; alar. 3 lin. Fern. Black. Thorax hoary, with three black stripes. Wings grey- ish ; costal, radial, and cubital veins, and discal transverse veinlet dark brown, the other veins pale brown. Halteres whitish. Abdomen brownish beneath ; a yellow band on the hind border of each segment. Legs black, .stout. Not common. (E.) 165. obsistens, n. Mas, canus, thorace vittis tribus vix con- spicuis nigris, alis subcinereis, venis fuscescentibus apud costam nigris, halteribus albidis, pedibus validis. Long. If; alar. 3 lin. Male. Black. Antennas with black plumes. Thorax hoary, with three indistinct black stripes. Wings greyish ; costal, radial, and cu- bital veins black, the other veins brownish. Halteres whitish. Legs stout, moderately long. Not common. (E.). 166. pertractus, n. Mas, canus, thorace vittis tribus nigris, alis cinereis, venis albidis, halteribus albis, abdomine nigro-cinereo suturis albidis, pedibus piceis attenuatis. Long. 2-| ; alar. 4 lin. Male. Hoary, slender. Thorax with three black stripes. Wings grey ; veins whitish. Halteres white. Abdomen cinereous-black ; sutures whitish. Legs piceous, rather long and slender. Not common. (E.) 167. moturus, n. Mas et Fcem. cinereus, thorace vittis tribus nigris, alis sublimpidis, venis albidis apud costam testaceis, halteribus albis, abdomine nigro, segmentorum marginibus posticis cinereis, pedi- bus nigris, femoribus validiusculis. Long. If ; alar. 3 lin. Grey. Thorax with three black stripes. Wings nearly limpid ; cos- tal, radial, and cubital veins testaceous, the rest whitish. Halteres CHIRONOMUS. 189 white. Abdomen black; hind borders of the segments grey. Legs black ; femora rather thick. Male. Antennae with black plumes. Not common. (E.) 168. tremulous, L. F. S. 1762 (1761) ; F. ; Gmel. ; Meig. ; Mcq. ; Zett. ; Staeg. Mas et Fcem. flavus, nitens, thorace vittis tribus nigris, alis limpidis, venis albidis apud costam nigricantibus, halteribus albis, abdomine nigro fascia basalt flava, pedibus albis, femoribus tibiisque apice, tibiis basi tarsisque nigris. Long. 1-H; alar. 3-4 lin. Male and Fern. Yellow, shining. Thorax with three black stripes. Wings limpid; costal, radial, and cubital veins blackish, the rest whitish. Halteres white. Abdomen black, with a yellow band at the base. Legs white ; tarsi, femora, and tibiae at the tips and at the base black. Male. Antennae with black plumes. Sutures of the abdominal segments whitish. Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 169. motitator, L. Fn. Sc. 1760 (1761); F.; Geoff.; Schr. ; Gmel.; Latr. ; Lam.; Meig.; Mcq.; Gim.; Zett.; Stseg. ; Eos. — bicinctus? Meg.; Meig. Zw. i. 41. 48 (1818); Mcq.; Zett.; Gim. — — dizonias, Meig. ; Staeg. Mas et Fcem. flavus, nitens, thorace vittis tribus nigris, alis limpidis, venis albidis apud costam nigricantibus, halteribus albis, abdomine nigro fasciis duabus flams, pedibus albis, fe- inoribus tibiisque apice, tibiis basi tarsisque nigris. Long. 1-1 i ; alar. 3-3|- lin. Male and Fern. Yellow, shining. Thorax with three black stripes. Wings limpid ; costal, radial, and cubital veins blackish, the rest whitish. Halteres white. Abdomen black, with two yellow bands, the first at the base, the second in the middle, occasionally subdivided. Legs white ; tarsi, femora, and tibise at the tips, and tibiaa at the base, black. Male. Antennas with black plumes. Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 170. sylvestris, F. E. S. iv. 252. 89 (1792); Meig.; Gim.; Staeg. ; llos. ; Zett. — vibratorius, Meig. Kl. Zw. — trifasciatus ? Panz. ; Meig. ; Staeg. ; Gim. ; Zett. — ornatits ?, Meig. ; Staeg. — tricinctus ? Meig. ; Mcq. ; Gim. ; Staeg. ; Zett. Mas et Fcem. flavus, nitens, tho- race vittis tribus latis nigris, alis limpidis, venis albidis apud costam nigricantibus, halteribus pedibusque albis, femoribus tibiisque apice, tibiis basi tarsisque nigris; Mas, abdomine nigro fasciis Jiavis ; Fcem. abdomine f mo fasciis nigris. Long. 1-li; alar. 3-4 lin. Male and Fern. Yellow, shining. Thorax with three broad black stripes. Wings limpid ; costal, radial, and cubital veins blackish, the rest whitish. Halteres white. Legs white; tarsi, femora, and tibia? at the tips, and tibiae at the base, black. Male. Antennae with black plumes, slbdomen with three or more yellow bands. Fern. Abdomen yellow, with short black bands. Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 190 CHIRONOMID^, 171. modestus? Meig. Zw. vi. 256. 115 (1830). Mas, pallide testaceus, thorace vittis tribus nigricantibus, alls albo-limpidis pubescen- tibus, venis halteribusque albis, abdomine fusco, pedibus testaceis, femo- ribus tibiisque apice tarsisque fuscis. Long, f-1 ; alar. 2 lin. • Male. Pale testaceous. Antennas with brown plumes. Thorax with three blackish stripes. Wrings limpid-white, pubescent ; veins and hal- teres white. Abdomen brown. Legs testaceous ; tarsi and tips of the femora and of the tibia brown. Not rare. (E.) 172. denotatus, n. Mas et Fcem. testaceus, thorace vittis tribus fuscis, alis albo-limpidis, venis halteribusque albis, abdomine fusco basi subtus testaceo, pedibus pallide testaceis. Long. 2-2f ; alar. 4 lin. Male and Fern. Testaceous. Thorax with three brown stripes. Meta- thorax black. Wings limpid-white; veins and halteres white. Abdo- men brown, testaceous beneath towards the base. Legs pale testaceous, slender. Male. Antennae with brown plumes. Not common. (E.) 173. melaleucus, Meig. Zw. i. 39. 41 (1818). Var.? Fcem. al- bidus, thorace vittis tribus fuscis, alis subdnereis, venis halteribusque al- bidis, illis apud costam fuscis, abdomine pedidusc^ue fuscis. Long. 1^ ; alar. 3 lin. Var. ? Fern. Whitish. Thorax with three brown stripes. Wings slightly greyish; costal, radial, and cubital veins brown, the rest wJntish. Halteres whitish. Abdomen brown. Legs brown, long, slender. Eare. In the British Museum. 174. alligatus, n. Mas, niger, alis subalbidis, venis albidis apud costam fuscescentibus, halteribus albis, pedibus longiusculis. Long. 2 ; alar. 3 lin. Male. Black. Antennae with black plumes. Wings slightly whitish, nearly limpid ; costal, radial, and cubital veins, and discal transverse veinlet brownish, the rest whitish. Halteres white. Legs rather long. Not rare. (E.) 175. adjuiictus, n. Fcem. canus, thorace vittis tribus nigris, alis subdnereis ad costam subfuscescentibus, venis fuscis apud costam nigris, halteribus albidis, abdomine fusco subtus livido, pedibus nigro-fuscis. Long. If; alar. 3 lin. Jem. Hoary. Thorax with three black stripes. Wings greyish, slightly brownish along the costa ; costal, radial, and cubital veins black, the other veins brown. Halteres whitish. Abdomen brown, livid beneath. Legs blackish-brown, moderately long ; femora rather thick. Not common. (E.) 176. cosequatns, n. Fcem. niger, nitens, alis cinereis, venis hal- teribusque albidis, illis apud costam fuscis, pedibus fuscis. Long. 1|— 1^ ; alar. 2^-3 lin. Fern. Black, shining. Wings grey ; costal, radial, and cubital veins CHIRONOMUS. 191 brown, the rest whitish. Halteres whitish. Legs brown, slender, mo- derately long. Not rare. (E.) 177. appositus, n. Mas, niger, alis albidis sublimpidis, venis halterib usque albis, illis apud costam testaceis, abdomine nigro-fusco, pe- dibus obscure fuscis. Long. 2^-; alar. 4 lin. Male. Black. Antennae with black plumes. Wings whitish, nearly limpid ; costal, radial, and cubital veins testaceous, the rest white. Hal- teres white. Abdomen blackish-brown. Legs dark brown, long, slender, pubescent. Not common. (E.) 178. perexilis, n. Fcem. pallide testaceus, alis albo-limpidis, venis halteribusque albis, pedibus testaceis breviusculis. Long. % ; alar. 1 lin. Fern. Pale testaceous. Wings limpid-white ; veins and halteres white. Legs pale testaceous, rather short and stout. Eare. In the British Museum. (E.) 179. byssinus, Schr. F. B. iii. 2330 (1798); Meig.; Mcq. ; Zett. ; Gim. ; Staeg. Mas et Fcem. ater, alis lacteo-albis basi nigris, venis albis, halteribus pedibusque nigris, his validiusculis. Long. 1-1£ ; alar. 2 lin. Male and Fern. Deep black. Wings milky -white, black at the base ; veins white. Halteres black. Abdomen slightly pubescent. Legs black, rather stout. Male. Plumes of the antennae black, whitish to- wards the tips. Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 180. minimus, Meig. Zw. i. 47. 61 (1818); Mcq.; Staeg. ; Zett. Mas et Fcem. ater, alis albo-limpidis, venis halteribusque albidis, pedibus nigro-piceis. Long, f ; alar. 1£ lin. Male and Fern. Deep black. Wings limpid-white ; veins and halteres whitish. Legs piceous-black, pubescent. Not rare. (E.) 181. compertus, n. Fcem. niger, alis subcinereis, venis albidis apud costam testaceis, halteribus nigricantibus, pedibus ferrugineis, tarsis nigris. Long, li ; alar. 2 lin. Fern. Black. Wings greyish ; costal, radial, and cubital veins testace- ous, the rest whitish. Halteres blackish. Legs ferruginous ; tarsi black. Not common. (E.) 182. contingens, n. Mas, niger, alis limpidis, halteribus venis- que albidis, illis apud costam testaceis, pedibus fuscis. Long. 1^; alar. 2 lin. Male. Black. Antennae with black plumes. Wings limpid; costal, radial, and cubital veins testaceous, the rest whitish. Halteres whitish, Abdomen slightly pubescent. Legs brown. Not rare. (E.) 192 CHIRONOMID^. 183. fertus, n. Mas et Fcem. niger, thorace cinereo vittis tribus nigris, alis subcinereis, venis fuscescentibus apud costam nigricantibus, halteribus albidis, pedibus validis. Long. 2 ; alar. 3 lin. Male and Fern. Black. Thorax grey, with three black stripes. Wings greyish; costal., radial, and cubital veins blackish, the rest brownish. Halteres whitish. Legs stout, pubescent. Male. Antennae with black plumes. Xot rare. (E.) 184. habilis, n. Fcem. niger, alis sublimpidis, venis albidis apud costam nigris, halteribus albidis apice nigris, pedibus albidis. Long. 1 ; alar. 2 lin. Fern. Black. Wings nearly limpid ; costal, radial, and cubital veins black, the rest whitish. Halteres whitish, with black tips. Legs whitish, slender. Eare. (E.) 185. divisus, n. Mas, pallide testaceus, thorace vittis tribus ru- fescentibus, alis subcinereis pubescentibus, venis albidis, halteribus albis, abdomine fasciis duabus anticis fuscis, segmentis tribus apicalibus nigris, pedibus albidis. Long. 2 ; alar. 3 lin. Male. Pale testaceous. Palpi and antennae black. Thorax with three pale reddish stripes. Wings very slightly greyish, pubescent ; veins whitish. Halteres white. Abdomen pale testaceous, pubescent, with two brown bands before the middle ; three apical segments black. Legs whitish, slender. Eare. (E.) 186. annulipes? Meig. Zw. i. 42. 51 (1818). Var.? Fcem. fla- vus, thorace vittis tribus nigris, alis subcinereis, venis albidis apud cos- tain fuscis, halteribus flavis, abdomine nigro, segmentorum marginibus posticis Jlavis, pedibus nigris vnlidmsculis, femoribus basiflavis, tibiis albo- cinctis. Long. 1^ ; alar. 3 lin. Var.? Fem. Yellow. Thorax with three moderately broad black stripes; scutellum, pectus, and metathorax black. Wings greyish; costal, radial, and cubital veins brown, the rest whitish. Halteres pale yellow. Abdomen black; hind borders of the segments yellow. Legs black, rather stout ; femora yellow towards the base ; a white band on each tibia. Eare. In the British Museum. (E.) 187. ptygmaeus? Meig. Zw. i. 36. 34 (1818). Var. ? Fcem. testa- ceus, thorace vittis tribus fuscis, alis vix cinereis, venis halteribusque al- bidis, illis apud costam fuscescentibus, abdomine vitta dorsali nigricante, pedibus testaceis. Long. ^ ; alar. 2 lin. Var. ? Fem. Testaceous. Thorax with three brown stripes. Wings hardly greyish ; costal, radial, and cubital veins brownish, the rest whitish. Halteres whitish. Abdomen with a blackish dorsal stripe. Legs dull testaceous. Eare. In the British Museum. CH1RONOMUS. 193 GROUP 2. Hydrobcenus, Fries, Kongl. Vet. Acad. Handl. 1829. 176. Psilocerm, Ruthe, Isis, 1831. 1207. This group only contains the following species, which inhabits several parts of North Europe, but has not yet been certainly found in Britain. 188.* lugubris, Pries, Kongl. Vet. Acad. Handl. 1829. 176 (1829). — occultans, Meig. ; Ruthe ; Zett. Ater, opacus, alis nigricantibus, pedibus piceis. Long. £ lin. GROUP 3. 189. lacustris, Hal. Westw. Class II. Syn. Gen. Brit. Ins. 125 (1840). Prasinus, mesonoti vittis tribus et pectore carneis, alis albidis nudis, tibiis anticis fuscis. Long, mas 2, foem. 1|; alar. 3 lin. Light grass-green. Palpi dusky, except the base. Three confluent stripes on the mesonotum and the mesosternum (flesh-colour or) ferru- ginous, also the mesothorax, dusky at the tip. Wings whitish-hyaline, naked ; veins light yellowish. Halteres pale. Fore tibiae and fore tarsi, except the base, dusky ; posterior tarsi dusky only towards the end ; first joint of fore tarsi twice as long as the tibia in the female, more elongated in the male ; fifth joint not half as long as the fourth. Male. Antennae twelve-jointed, dingy yellow, with yellowish plumes ; last joint much longer than the rest together. Fern. Antennae seven- jointed ; the last joint dusky, linear, one-third of the length of the en- tire antenna. Found by Mr. Haliday by Loch Fad (Bute), Lough Neagh, and Lough Dirg. (S. I.) GROUP 4 Diamesa, Meig. Zw. vii. 12 (1838); Zett.; Staeg. 190. obscurimanus, Meig. Zw. vi. 248. 88 (1830). Fcem. ob- scure testaceus, palpis antennisque nigris, thorace vittis tribus piceis, alis cinereis, venis halteribusque albidis, illis apud discum nigris, abdominis segmentis testaceo-marginatis, pedibus fulvis, tarsis nigris. Long. 3 ; alar. 6 lin. Fern. Dark testaceous, shining. Palpi and antennae black, the latter seven-jointed, testaceous at the base. Thorax with three piceous stripes, the middle one subdivided. Wings grey ; costal, radial, and cubital veins, and prsebrachial transverse veinlet black, the rest whitish ; pobra- chial areolet closed before the fork of the pobrachial vein (as in Tanypus punctipennis, etc.). Halteres whitish. Abdomen black ; hind borders of the segments testaceous. Legs tawny, rather stout, minutely pubescent ; * Since the Synopsis, p. 152-154, was printed, the species numbered 188 has been ascertained to belong to the genus Corynoneura. VOL. IV. 2 C 194 CHIKONOMID.E. tarsi black ; fourth joint about twice as long as the fifth. Male. An- tennae plumate; last joint linear, much longer than the rest united. Not rare. (E. I.) 191. Chiron, Hal. MSS. Mas, " cinereus, pleuris pedibusque fla- vidis, tarsis anticis barbatis. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin." Male. " Antennae brownish-yellow ; first joint dusky cinereous ; fea- thers yellowish ; last joint much longer than the rest jointly. Thorax with the sides ferruginous before the wings (scutellum also, but darker). Wings hyaline ; veins very pale (so that the characteristic transverse vein is easily overlooked) ; pobrachial areolet closed a little beyond the fork of the pobrachial vein. Halteres pale yellow. Legs and coxae ferruginous ; only the tips of the tarsi dusky ; fourth joint of the tarsi about twice as long as the fifth ; posterior femora and tibiae hairy ; fore tarsi still more so ; first joint a little shorter than the tibia. (Abdomen lost in the only specimen.)" — Hal. MSS. Rare. Found by Mr. Haliday, near Holyrood, Belfast. (I.) 192. Waltlii, Meig. Zw. vii. 13. 1 (1838). " Icem. nigricans, thoracis dorso schistaceo. Long. 2^- ; alar. 4^ lin. "•Jem. Blackish, with a slaty-grey tinge on the vertex, mesonotum, and metanotum, and three faint, darker, shifting stripes on the meso- notum. Antennae eight-jointed ; last joint long-elliptical, as long as the three preceding. Wings hyaline, with the anterior veins conspicu- ous fuscous ; the pobrachial areolet closed beyond the fork of the po- brachial vein (as in Tanypus nebulosus). Incisures of the abdomen with a paler shade. Legs finely pubescent; first joint of the fore tarsi shorter than the tibiae ; fourth shorter than the Jifth, notched at the tip."— Hal. MSS. Rare. (E. I.) 193. Ammon, Hal. MSS. " Schistaceus, femoribus tibiisque poste- rioribus flavidis anticis fuscis ; Mas, alis albis ; Fcem. antennis S-arti- culatis, pleuris et ventre flavidis, alis subhyalinis. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin. " Pale slaty-grey. Fore legs dusky ; femora at the base and coxa3 light ferruginous ; posterior femora arid posterior tibia? ferruginous, except at the tips ; (tarsi sometimes lighter brown at the base ;) fourth joint the shortest, notched, almost obcordate. Male. Front broad. Eyes a little emarginate internally. Antennae nearly as long as the thorax ; first joint dusky, rest dingy-yellowish ; last nearly two-thirds of the whole length ; feathers light yellowish ; sides of the thorax gene- rally a little ferruginous before the wings. Wings white, as is also the very faint pubescence of the hind margin ; the usual veins pale brown- ish, whitish towards the base. Abdomen blackish, clothed with long, pale soft hairs; first joint of fore tarsus about as long as the tibiae. Fern. Antenna eight-jointed, dusky ; first joint thick, ferruginous ; last longer than the three preceding together. Thorax ferruginous, with three confluent bands on the mesonotum ; scutellum rather pitchy-red- dish ; metanotum and mesosternum pale slaty-grey. Wings hyaline, CHIRONOMUS. 195 rather obscure, broader than in the male ; veins more evident, dusky- ferruginous. Abdomen above dark grey, except the incisures, or (in immature specimens) with only an interrupted dusky line down the back ; first joint of the fore tarsus shorter than the tibia." — Hal. MSS. Found by Mr. Haliday on sand hills in county Down, also in Cork, and in Kerry. (I.) 194. Typhon9 Hal. MSS. Fcem. schistaceus, antennis 1-articulatis, alis albis, pleuris, ventre, femoribus tibiisque posterioribus flavidis an- ticis fuscis. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin. Fern, " Yery like the preceding species, but with the antenna seven- jointed. Pale yellowish. Vertex, three confluent stripes on the meso- notum, metanotum, and mesosternum cinereous (scutellum paler). An- tennas fuscous ; first joint ferruginous ; seventh elliptical, as long as the three preceding, or more. Wings white-hyaline ; usual veins distinct, fuscous, yellowish towards the base ; pobrachial areolet closed beyond the fork of the pobrachial vein. Abdomen above cinereous, with pale incisures; coxas ferruginous, outwardly cinereous. Fore legs dusky; femora at the base and coxas pale yellowish ; posterior femora and tibiae ferruginous, with dusky tips; fourth joint of the tarsi short, obcordate, notched at the tip ; first joint of the fore tarsi very little shorter than the tibia."— Hal. MSS. Eare. One specimen found by Mr. Haliday at Blarney, near Cork, in September. (I.) 195. tonsils, Hal. MSS. Mas, "schistaceus, antennis parce cili- atis, articulo extreme parum elongate, pleuris flavidis, alis subhyalinis, pedibus anticis fuscis, femoribus tibiisque posterioribus flavidis. Long. H ; alar. 3 lin." Male. " The smallest of this group, not unlike C. Amman, but the antennas quite different, the forceps light-coloured (and differently formed?), and the wings not white. Pale ferruginous. Vertex, meso- notum, metanotum, and mesosternum pale slaty-grey. Eyes distant, but little notched. Antenna dingy -yellowish, half the length of the thorax ; last joint elongate-elliptical, not one-fourth of the length of the antennas; second and next joints subglobose, then gradually in- creasing in length, and becoming oblong, scantily verticillate, with long hairs, not forming a plume as usual. Wings obscurely hyaline; veins light rust-brown ; pobrachial areolet scarcely passing the fork of the pobrachial vein. Abdomen dusky, with narrow pale incisures ; forceps ferruginous (the claw paler, dilated for half its length, and denticulated internally). Legs pale ferruginous, longer than in C. Ammon ; femora and tibias at the tips (fore pair almost entirely), and tarsi brownish ; fourth joint of the tarsus shorter than the fifth, notched at the tip ; first joint shorter than the tibias." — Hal. MSS. Eare. One male found by Mr. Haliday on Mourne Mountains, county Down, and another at Fir House, near Dublin. (I.) 196 CHIRONOMIDjE. The following additional species of Chironomus have been re- corded as British : — 1. C. obscuripes, Meig. Zw. vi. 244. 76 (1830). 2. C. scutellatus, Meig. Zw. i. 33. 28 (1818). 3. C. terminalis, Meig. Zw. i. 34. 29 (1818). 4. C. thoracicus, Wd.; Meig. Zw. i. 32. 24 (1818). 5. C. cingulatus, Meig. Zw. vi. 245. 77 (1830). 6. C. pilicomus, Fabr. Ent. Syst. iv. 243. 45 (1805). 7. C. vitripennis, Meig. Zw. i.^2. 26 (1818). 8. C. Isetua, Meig. Zw. i. 38. 39 (1819). 9. C. nitidus, Meig. Zw. i. 35. 32 (1818). 10. C. dispar, Meig. Zw. vi. 247. 85 (1830). 11. C.perennis, Meig. Zw. vi. 249. 92 (1830). 12. C.proximus, Meig. Zw. vi. 250. 96 (1830). 13. C. geniculatus, Fabr. Ent. Syst. iv. 247. 68 (1794). 14. C. gibbosus, Meig. Zw. vi. 252. 102 (1830). 15. C. annulipes, Meig. Zw. i. 42. 51 (1818). 16. C.pygmams, Meig. Zw. i. 36. 34 (1818). 17. C. melaleucus, Meig. Zw. i. 39. 41 (1818). 18. C. tristis, Wd.; Meig. Zw. i. 48. 62 (1818). 19. C. niger, Mcq. D. N. 1. 13 (1826), H. N. D. i. 53. 28 (. 834). 20. C. leucopogon, Meig. Zw. i. 39. 42 (1818). 21. C. fuscus, Meig. Zw. i. 52. 75 (1818). 22. C. picipes, Meig: Zw. i. 52. 74 (1818). 23. C.flavipes, Meig. Zw. i. 50. 67 (1818). 24. C. Junci, Meig. Zw. i. 56. 68 (1818). 25. C.affiuis, Wd.; Meig. Zw. i. 51. 72 (1818). 26. C. albidus, Wd.', Meig. Zw. i. 51. 71 (1818). 27. C. tenuis, Meig. Zw. vi. 255. 112 (1830). 28. C. nanus, Meig. Zw. i. 50. 69 (1818). 29. C. flabellatus, Meig. Zw. i. 51. 70 (1818). Genus II. TANYPUS. TANYPUS, Meig. Klass. i.(1804); Panz. ; Latr.; Wied.; Fries; Mcq. ; Curt. ; Zett. ; Gim. ; Sta3g. Tipula p., L. ; D. G. ; F. E. S. ; Schr. ; Gmel. ; Meig. Kl. Chironomus p., F. S. A. Corpus elongatum, pubescens, mediocre aut parvum. Oculi reniforraes, remoti. Proboscis brevis. Palpi 4-articulati, incurvi, subcylindrici, articulus primus secundo multo brevior; secundus tertio brevior; quartus tertio multo longior. Antennas 14-articulata3, porrectae, filiform es. Thorax ovatus, convexus. Scutellum mediocre. Meta- thorax semi-ovatus, subgibbosus, sulcatus. Alse angustse, elongate, lanceolata?, deflexre, saepissime pubescentes. Abdomen gracile, seg- TAJCYPUS. 197 mentis 8. Pedes sat longi, pubescentes, inermes. Mas. Antennae plumosse ; articuli usque ad duodecimum globosi ; deciraus tertius longissimus ; decimus quartus brevis, subconicus. Fcem. Antennae pilosae, subraoniliformes ; articuli globosi ; decimus quartus crassior. Body of moderate or small size, elongate, soitfewhat pubescent. Eyes reniform, separate in both sexes. Mouth not elongated. Palpi four- joirited, prominent, curved, nearly cylindrical ; first joint much shorter than the second ; second shorter than the third ; fourth nearly as long as the second and the third. Antennae fourteen-jointed, porrect, fili- form, seated in a notch of the eyes. Thorax oval, convex, higher than the head. Scutellum of moderate size. Metathorax semioval, slightly gibbous, with a small longitudinal furrow. Wings narrow, elongate, lanceolate, deflexed, generally pubescent, most often ciliated along the hind- border ; mediastinal vein ending at beyond half the length of the wing ; subcostal ending at before two-thirds of the length ; radial emerging from the praebrachial transverse veinlet, ending at beyond three-fourths of the length ; cubital also proceeding from the praabra- chial transverse veinlet, ending at very little in front of the tip ; , sub- apical ending at very little behind the tip ; subanal forming a fork of the prsebrachial ; anal complete ; subaxillary not reaching the border. Areolets thirteen, — the humeral, the subcostal, the mediastinal, the ra- dial, the cubital, the praebrachial, the pobrachial, the subapical, two externo-medial, the anal, the axillary, and the subaxillary ; the two last partly united. Posterior margin much excavated, and forming a slightly acute angle at its base. Abdomen with eight segments, much longer than the thorax. Legs slender, moderately long, pubescent, unarmed ; coxae of moderate size ; ungues and onychia very small. Fore legs remote from the others, porrect, their tarsi somewhat elongated. Male. Antennae plumose ; joints from the first to the twelfth globose, very small ; thirteenth extremely long ; fourteenth short, nearly conical. Abdomen longer, more slender and more hairy than that of the female, with two small, curved, caudal appendages. Fore tarsi occasionally pi- lose. Fern. Antennae pilose, submoniliform ; joints globose ; the four- teenth rather thicker than the others, sublanceolate, pubescent, more acuminated. Fore tarsi always bare. The Tanypi are generally similar to the Chironomi in their ha- bits. Most of the species have spotted wings ; some have white and almost transparent bodies, and the delicate structure of T. monilis is very remarkable. " The larva of T. maculatus resembles that of Corithus plumi- cornis, but is less elongated, its head is more oval, the thorax has at its base beneath a long pediform bifid tentacle, and the tip of the abdomen is furnished with four minute triangular plates, which have two long pediform appendages beneath and two above, the latter more slender, and with long terminal hairs. It is found at all seasons of the year, the depth of winter exempted, in stagnant 198 CHIRONOMIDjE. waters, and keeps its body always doubled, as it were, in two, against the sides of ditches or the stalks of aquatic plants. If it is placed in a glass half-full of water, it so fixes itself against the sides of it, that its head and tail are in the water, while the re- mainder of the body is out of it, thus assuming the form of a siphon, the tail end being the longest. When it is disposed to feed, it lifts its head and places it horizontally on the surface of the water, so that it forms a right angle with the rest of the body, which always remains in a situation perpendicular to the surface. It then agitates, with vivacity, a couple of brushes, formed of hairs, and fixed in the anterior part of the head, which producing a cur- rent towards the mouth, it makes its meal of the various species of animalcula, abounding in stagnant waters, that come within the vortex thus produced. As it requires to be firmly fixed to the substance on which it takes its station, and its back .is the only part, when it is doubled, that can apply to it, it is furnished with minute legs armed with black claws, by which it is enabled to adhere to it. It has ten of these legs : the four anterior ones, which point towards the head, and are distant from each other, are placed upon the fourth and fifth dorsal segments of the body ; and the six posterior ones, which point to the anus, and are so near to each other as at first to look like one leg, are placed on the eighth, ninth, and tenth. When the animal moves, the body continues bent, and the sixth segment, which is without feet, and forms the summit of the curve, goes first. Its legs are of a nearly similar construction with those of Helophilus pendulus. In the interior of its thorax are two long, oval, opaque bodies, which are supposed to be air-reservoirs ; these, when the animal assumes the pupa, appear to become external, and are placed on the back, precisely where the respiratory horns of aquatic pupae are usually situated, and apparently terminate in a transparent point. The pupa is bent, like that of Culex, but with broader oval thoracic appendages, and small anal plates. "The larva of T. monilis is found in swampy places and in ditches, is not bigger than a horsehair, and about a quarter of an inch in length. Its mode of swimming is like that of a serpent, with an undulating motion of the body, and it sometimes walks upon the bottom of the water and upon aquatic plants. It has three legs ; the anterior leg is attached to the under side, towards the head, of the first segment of the body ; it is long and cylin- drical, placed perpendicularly or obliquely, according to the different movements the animal gives it, and terminates in two feet, armed at their extremity by a coronet of long movable hooks ; these feet TANYPUS, 199 are retractile within the leg, and even within the body. The two posterior legs are placed at the anal end of the body. They are similar to the fore leg, but larger, and entirely separate from each other, being not, like them, retractile within the body, but always stiff and extended ; these also are armed with hooks. By the in- flection of the anus the larva can give them any kind of lateral movement, except that it can neither bend nor shorten them/' The species may be grouped thus : — A. Wings spotted. a. Thorax with four darker stripes. Species 1-3. a 'a. Thorax with three darker stripes. Species 4-9. a a a. Thorax indistinctly striped. Species 10. A A. Wings not spotted. a. Thorax striped. b. Thorax with three brown stripes. Species 11, 12. b b. Thorax with three reddish or luteous stripes. Species 13-15. b b b. Thorax grey, with black stripes. Species 16. a a. Thorax not striped. Species 17. 1. varius, Fabr. Mant. Ins. ii. 325. 45 (1787); Gmel.; Meig.; Latr. ; Fries ; Mcq. ; Gim. ; Sta3g. ; Eos. ; Zett. Mas et Fcem. testa- ceus, thorace vittis quatuor ferrugineis, alls cinereis, fascia media macu- lisque albidis, halteribus albidis, femoribus, tibiis tarsisque posterioribus apice fuscescentibus ; Mas, antennarum plumis et abdominis suturis fus- cescentibus. Long. 2-2|-; alar. 4-5 lin. Testaceous, Thorax with four ferruginous stripes. Wings grey, with whitish spots, and with a whitish middle band ; veins pale, partly blackish. Halteres whitish. Legs slender, pubescent ; tips of the posterior femora, tibise, and tarsi brownish ; fore tibia longer than the fore metatarsus by one-third. Male. Antennae with brownish plumes. Abdomen hairy, paler than that of the female ; sutures of the segments brownish. Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 2. nebulosus, Meig. Zvv. i. 57. 2 (1818); Fries; Mcq.; Curt.; Zett. ; Gim. ; Stseg. Mas et Fcem. canus, tJiorace vittis quatuor fiiscis, alls sublimpidis, macula antica apices versus strigisque marginalibus pos- ticis cinereis, halteribus albis, abdomine nigro-cinereo, segmentis albido- marginatis, pedibus testaceis, femoribus, tibiis et tarsorum articulis apice fuscis. Long. 3-4 ; alar. 5-6 lin. Male and Fern. Hoary. Thorax with four brown stripes. Things nearly limpid, with a grey spot near the fore border at three-fourths of the length, and with grey streaks on the veins along the hind border ; veins along the costa black, the rest paler. Halteres white. Abdomen black- ish-grey ; hind borders of the segments whitish. Legs slender, dull testaceous ; tips of the femora, of the tibise, and of the joints of the 200 CHIRONOMIDjE. tarsi, brown; fore tibiae longer than the fore metatarsi by one-half. Male. Antennae with black plumes. Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 3. choreus, Meig. Klass. Zw. i. 23. 6 (1804); Mcq.; Stseg.; Zett. — -fasciatus, Meig. — sylvaticus, Meig. Mas et Fcem. canus, thorace vittis quatuor fuscis, alls striga apud venulam transversam nigra, fascia lata ante apicali cinerea, halteribus albidis, abdomine fusco, pedibus testa- ceis, tibiis et tarsorum articulis apice fuscis ; Mas, abdominis segmentis albido-marginatis. Long. 1-^-2 ; alar. 3-4 lin. Male and Fern. Hoary. TJiorax with four brown stripes. Wings clouded with grey, nearly limpid along the costa towards tJie base and at the tips ; discal transverse veinlet clouded ^oith black. Halteres whitish. Abdomen brown. Legs dull, testaceous ; tips of the tibiae and of the joints of the tarsi brown ; fore tibiae longer than the fore metatarsi by one-half. Male. Antennae with black plumes. Hind borders of the abdominal segments whitish. Generally distributed. Observed by Mr. Saunders in immense clouds on Wandsworth Common in the beginning of September, 1843. (E.S.I.) 4. punctatus, F. S. A. 43. 24 (1805); Meig.; Sta3g. ; Es.; Zett. — nebulosus, Meig. Klass. Mas et Foem. albido-testaceus, thorace vittis tribus et metathorace cinereis, scutello albo, alis albidis, fasciis tribus incompletis fuscis, halteribus albis, abdomine pedibusque albidis, illius segmentis fusco-fasciatis. Long. 3 ; alar. 5 lin. Male and Fern. Whitish-testaceous. Thorax with three grey stripes, the middle one double, abbreviated hindward ; scutellum white ; metathorax grey. Wings whitish, with three irregular, incomplete, indistinct, and very pale brown bands ; transverse veinlet clouded with darker brown ; veins pale. Halteres white. Abdomen whitish, pilose, with a slight brown band on each segment. Legs whitish, long, and slender ; fore tibiae longer than the fore metatarsi by one-fourth ; fore tarsi pilose. Male. Antennae with brown plumes. Not rare. (E.) 5. punctipennis, Meig. Zw. i. 61. 9 (1818) ; Fries ; Mcq. ; Gim. ; Staeg. ; Zett. — cinctus, Panz. ; Latr. ; Meig. Klass. Mas et Foem. cine- reus, thorace vittis quatuor albidis tribusque fuscescentibus, alis albidis, guttis plurimis cinereis strigaque media nigricante, venis, halteribus pe- dibusque albis, femoram fascia subapicali, tibiis et tarsorum articulis apice nigris. Long. 3 ; alar. 5 lin. Male and Fern. Grey. TJiorax with four whitish and three brownish stripes. Wings whitish, with numerous grey dots, and with a blackish mark by the middle of the costa ; veins, halteres, and legs white ; fe- mora with a black subapical band ; tibiae and joints of the tarsi with black tips. Male. Antennae with brown plumes. Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) TANYPUS. 201 6. carneus, F. S. A. 41. 16 (1805) ; Meig. ; Stseg. ; Zeii.—albipes, Fries; Meig. Mas et Fcem. palpis, antennis, halteribus pedibusque albidis, thorace vittis iribus ferrugineis, alls albidis, fasciis tribus cinereis ; Mas, albidus, abdorainis suturis fuscis j Fcem. rufo-testacem. Long. 1-^-2 ; alar. 3^-4 lin. Palpi, antennae, halteres, and legs whitish. Thorax with three fer- ruginous stripes, the middle one subdivided. Wings whitish, with three irregular grey bands ; the first a little before the middle, the second slender and interrupted, the third subapical ; veins pale. Legs slender ; fore tibiae longer than the fore metatarsi by one-fourth. Male. Body whitish. Plumes of the antennae pale brown. Bands of the wings in- distinct. Sutures of the abdominal segments brown. Fern. Body red- dish-testaceous. Rare. In the British Museum. (E.) 7. zonatus, F. Sp. I. ii. 408. 45 (1781); GmeL; Meig. Mas et Fcem. albido-testaceus, thorace vittis tribus rufescentibus, alis albidis fasciis tribus pallidissimis subobsoletis fuscescentibus, venis halteribusque al- bis ; Mas, abdomine pedibusque albidis, illo fasciis fuscis ; Foem. abdo- mine pedibusque albido-testaceis. Long. 2-3; alar. 4-5 lin. Male and Fern. Whitish-testaceous. Thorax with three reddish stripes. Wings whitish, with three indistinct, incomplete, very pale brown bands ; veins and halteres white. Legs very slender, rather long ; fore tibiae longer than the fore metatarsi by one-fourth. Male. Plumes of the an- tennae pale brown, white towards the tips. Abdomen whitish, hairy, with a brown band on each segment. Legs whitish. Fern. Abdomen and legs whitish-testaceous. Not rare. (E.) 8. Isetus, Meig. Zw. i. 60. 7 (1818); Fries; Zett. Foem. testaceus, antennis albidis, thorace vittis tribus fuscis, metathorace cinereo, alis albidis, maculis quatuor discalibus fuscescentibus, apicibus cinereo sub- strigatis, venis halteribusque albidis, pedibus testaceis, femoribus fascia subapicali nigricante. Long. 1^-2 ; alar. 4 lin. Fern. Testaceous. Antennae whitish. Thorax with three broicn stripes, the middle one subdivided; metathorax grey. Wings whitish, with four brownish discal spots, two in front and two behind ; tips slightly streaked with grey ; veins and halteres whitish. Legs pale testaceous, slender ; femora with a blackish subapical band ; fore tibiae longer than the fore metatarsi by one-fourth. Rare. In the British Museum. (E.) 9. culiciformis, F. Sp. I. ii. 411. 64 (1781); GmeL; Meig.; Fries ; Stseg. ; Zett. Fcem. fuscus, thorace vittis quatuor albidis, alis albidis, macula postica fasciaque subinterrupta cinereis, veuis halteribus pedibusque albis. Long. £ ; alar. 2 lin. Fern. Brown. Thorax with four whitish stripes. Wings whitish, with a grey spot on the hind border at one-fourth of the length, and a grey VOL. iv. 2 D 202 CHIEONOMID^. band a little beyond the middle ; the band is narrower towards the hind border, and nearly interrupted in the disc ; veins, halteres, and legs white. Rare. In the British Museum. (E.) 10. monilis, L. F. S. 1763 (1761); F. ; Gmel. ; Latr. ; Meig. ; Fries ; Mcq. ; Zett. ; Gim. ; Stseg. — maculatus, D. G ; Latr. H. N. Cr. et Ins. ; Meig. Klass. Mas et Icem. cinereo-fuscus, thorace subvittato, alis albidis, raaculis cinereis guttisque anticis nigricantibus, venis hal- teribus pedibusque albis, his annulis novem nigris; Mas, abdomine albido fasciis fuscis. Long, lf-3 ; alar. 3^-5 lin. Male and Fern. Greyish-brown. Thorax indistinctly striped. Wings whitish, with several grey spots, and in front with some blackish dots ; veins, halteres, and legs white. Legs slender; femora with a black band near the tips ; tibia? with three black bands ; tarsi with a black band at the tip of each joint ; metatarsi with a black middle band ; fore tibias longer than the fore metatarsi by one-half. Male. Antennae with brown plumes. Abdomen whitish, with a brown band on each segment. Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 11. plumipes? Pries, Mon. Tan. 9. 1 (1823); Meig.; Stseg.; Zett. Fcem. Piceus, robustus, palpis antennisque nigris, thorace sub- cano vittis trib us fuscis, alis subcinereis nudis, venis halteribus pedibus- que testaceis, venula trausversa nigro-nebulosa. Long. 2^ ; alar. 4 lin. Fern. Piceous, rather stout. Palpi and antenna black. Thorax with a hoary tinge, which is interrupted by three brown stripes. Wings greyish, bare ; veins testaceous ; transverse veinlet clouded with black. Hal- teres pale testaceous. Legs testaceous, slightly pubescent, rather long and slender ; fore tibia? longer by half than the fore metatarsi. Eare. In the British Museum. (E.) 12. notatus, Meig. Zw. i. 58. 4 (1818); Stasg.; Zett. Mas, ca- nus, palpis antennisque nigris, thorace vittis tribus fuscis, alis subcine- reis pubescentibus, venis pallidis, venula transversa nigro-nebulosa, halteribus albis, abdomine albido fasciis nigricantibus, pedibus testaceis, tibiis et tarsorum articulis apice nigricantibus. Long. 2-|- ; alar. 4 lin. Male. Hoary. Palpi and antennae black, the latter with brown plumes. Thorax with three brown stripes. Wings slightly greyish, pubescent; veins pale; discal transverse veinlet clouded with black. Halteres white. Abdomen whitish, pubescent, with a blackish band on the fore border of each segment. Legs testaceous, long, rather slender ; tips of the tibiae and of the joints of the tarsi blackish ; fore tibias a little longer than the fore metatarsi. Eare. In the British Museum. (E.) 13. melanops, Wied. ; Meig. Zw. i. 65. 18 (1818) ; Mcq.; Staeg.; Rs.; Zett. D. $c.—Arundineti?L.; F.; Schr.; Gmel.— bicolor, Fries ; Meig. ; Zett. I. L. Mas et Fcem. pallide testaceus, palpis, antennis, halteribus pedibusque albidis, thorace vittis tribus rufescentibus, alis CORYNONEURA. 203 albo-limpidis pubescentibus, venis albis apud costara testaceis. Long. H-2i; alar. 3-5 lin. Male and Fern. Testaceous. Palpi, antennas, halteres, and legs whitish. Thorax with three reddish stripes. Wings limpid-white ; veins white, pale testaceous along the costa. Not rare. (E.) 14. ferrugineicollis, Meg.; Meig. Zw. i. 64. 15 (1818); Mcq. ; Rs. ; Zett. D. Sc. — tanypodipennis, Fries, MSS. ; Zett. I. L. Jcem. testaceus, thorace vittis tribus rufescentibus, alis subcinereis pubescen- tibus, venis pallidis. Long. 1^ ; alar. 2£ lin. Fern. Testaceous. Antennae pubescent. Thorax with three reddish stripes. Wings greyish, pubescent ; veins pale. Abdomen pubescent. Legs rather long and slender ; fore tibiae a little longer than the fore metatarsi. Rare. In the British Museum. (E.) 15. xnelanurus, Meig. Zw. i. 59. 5 (1818); Zett. Mas, albidus, thorace vittis tribus luteis, alis limpidis pubescentibus, venis pallidis, abdominis suturis apicequefuscescentibus. Long. 3 ; alar. 5 lin. Male. Whitish. Antennae with testaceous plumes. Thorax with three luteous stripes. Wings limpid, pubescent ; veins pale. Abdomen pubescent; sutures of the segments and tip brownish. Legs slender, slightly pubescent ; fore tibiae longer than the fore metatarsi by one- fourth. Eare. In the British Museum. (E.) 16. pusillus, Meig. Zw. i. 62. 11 (1818). Niger, alis subcinereis ; Fcem. thorace cinereo vittis nigris. Long. -|; alar, 1^ lin. Black, very small. Wings greyish. Fern. Thorax grey, with black stripes. Eare. In Mr. Haliday's collection. (I.) 17. nervosus, Hoffm.; Meig. Zw. i. 64. 14 (1818). Fcem. niger, nitens, crassus, alis sublimpidis, venis albidis apud costam fuscis, halte- ribus piceis, pedibus validis fulvis, femoribus tibiis tarsisque apice tibiis- que anticis totis fuscis. Long. 3 ; alar. 6 liri. Fern. Black, shining, very stout. Antennae black. Wings nearly limpid ; subcostal, mediastinal, and radial veins, and transverse veinlets brown, the other veins whitish. Halteres piceous. Legs stout, tawny ; tips of the femora, of the tibias, and of the tarsi, and the whole of the fore tibia3 brown. Eare. In the British Museum. (E.) Genus VI. CORYNONEURA. CORYNONEURA, Winn. Ent. Zeit. Stett. vii. 12 (1846). Chironomm p., Meig. ; Zett. 204 CHIRONOMID^E. Corpus elongatum, minimum. Caput rotundum, antice depressum. Oculi subrotundi, intus paullulum emarginati. Proboscis brevissima. Palpi 4-articulati, incurvi ; articuli primus, secundus, et tertius a3qua- les, cylindrici ; quartus fere triplo longior. Antennas porrectse, fili- formes. Thorax ovatus, convexus, antice subproductus. Scutellum parvum, rotundum. Ala3 lanceolatas, nudas, deflexae; costa brevis- sima, in clavse formam dilatata. Abdomen cylindricum, segmentis octo. Pedes longi ; tibias posticas apice mcrassatas, supra unicalca- ratas, subtus bispinosas. Mas. Antennas 9-articulata3, plumosas ; articuli octo ovati ; nonus major, clavatus, apice pilis coronatus. Alarum costa circiter ad quartam partem marginis antici pertinens. Abdomen apice obtusum. Fcem. Antennae 5 -articulate, pilosas ; articuli quatuor ovati; quintus elongatus, pilis brevioribus coronatus quain maris. Alarum costa ad medium marginis antici pertinens. Body elongated, very small. Head round, flat above. Eyes nearly round, slightly emarginated on the inner side. Proboscis very short. Palpi four-jointed, curved downward ; first, second, and third joints cylindrical, equally long ; fourth almost as long as the other three. Antennas porrect, filiform, standing on a thick conical base. Thorax oval, convex, slightly elongated in front. Scutellum small, round. Metathorax elevated, forming an acute angle hind ward. Pectus very convex between the anterior legs. Wings lanceolate, bare, deflexed ; costa clavate, very short. Halteres large. Abdomen cylindrical, with eight segments. Legs long ; hind tibias incrassated at the tips, with a long spur on the upper side, and two short stout spines beneath. Male. Antenna? nine -jointed, plumose; joints from the first to the eighth oval; ninth clavate, very large, with a circlet of hairs at the tip ; costa one-fourth of the length of the wing. Abdomen obtuse at the tip. Fern. Antennae five-jointed, pilose; joints from the first to the fourth oval ; fifth elongated, its circlet of hairs shorter than those of the male. Abdomen acuminated at the tip. 1. minutissima, Meig. Zw. vii. 8. 137 (1838). Mas, rnimtta, Winn. Ent. Zeit. vii. IS.—atra? Winn. Ent. Zeit. xiii. 50.— Fcem. celeripes ? Winn. Ent. Zeit. xiii. 50. Mas, nigra, proboscide, palpis, antennis halteribusque albido-flavis, antennis apice fuscescentibus, alis flavescentibus aut lacteis, clavo obscure flavo, abdomine viridi-albo apice fusco, pedibus fuscis, femoribus albis apice fuscis ; Fcem. flava, antennis apice fuscis, thorace vittis tribus nigris, scutello et metanoto nigris, pectore nigro-fusco, alis albidis, halteribus albis, abdomine nigro incisuris albidis, ventre sordide flavo apice nigro, pedibus albidis, arti- culis apice obscuris. Long, i--^- ; alar. ±- f lin. Male. Head and thorax black. Proboscis, palpi, antennas, and hal- teres whitish-yellow ; the last joints of the antennas brownish. Wings yellowish; the clavus dark dingy yellow. Abdomen greenish-white; the last three segments, or only the tip, brown. Legs brown ; femora white, with brown tips. Var. Pleuras dingy yellow. Wings with milk- white gloss. Abdomen dark brown. Fern. Head black. Palpi yellow. CERATOPOGON. 205 Antenna? yellow ; last joint brown. Thorax yellow. Mesonoturn with three very broad black stripes, occupying almost the whole breadth ; the lateral pair abbreviated before, the middle one extending from the pro- notum to the black scutellum. Metanotum black. Pectus black-brown. Wings with whitish gloss. Halteres white. Abdomen black, with narrow whitish incisures ; under side dingy yellow, with the two last segments black. Legs whitish ; tips of the joints, and three last joints of the hind tarsi brown. Common from May to September about lakes and river. Buns about in curves and circles with great rapidity on the large stones on the banks. (E. S. I.) 2. atomaria? Zett. Dipt. Scand. ix. 3522. 40 (1850). Mas, atra, alis albis, clavo fusco basi pallido, venis halteribus pedibusque albidis ; Fcem. flava, fronte verticeque nigro-fuscis, thoracis vittis tribus, scutello et inetanoto fuscis, scutelli basi flavo, alis flavescentibus, clavo basi pal- lido apice fusco, halteribus pedibusque pallidis, abdomine fasciis pallide fuscis. Long. -^ ; alar, -f- lin. Male. Deep black. Wings white ; clavus brown, pale at the base ; veins, halteres, and legs whitish. Fern. Yellow. Front and vertex blackish-brown. Whorl of the last joint of the antennas very short. Mesonotum with three brown stripes, the middle one behind, the others before, abbreviated. Scutellum and metanotum brown, the former yellow at the base. Wings yellowish ; clavus pale at the root, black- brown at the end. Halteres and legs pale. Abdomen with light brown bands on the hind borders of the segments. Not rare about ponds, etc. (E. I.) Obs. Corynoneura scutellata, "Winn. (Ent. Zeit. Stett. vi. 13 (1846),) seems to differ from this in having a costal clavus like that of the preceding species. Chironomus minutus, Zett. (Dipt. Scand. 3522. 39), is probably a Corynoneura, differing from C. mi- nutissima, the female being blackish, like the male. Genus IV. CERATOPOGON. CERATOPOGON, Meig. Klass. i. (1804); Wied. ; Panz. ; Mcq. ; Gim. ; Zett.; Sta3g.; Rs.; Winn. Oulex p., L.; F.; Gmel.; Meig. Klass.; Lam. Tipula p., Gmel. Chironomus p., F. ; Latr. Trichocera, Lam. Ciilicoides, Latr. Palpomyia, Meg. Serromyia, Meg. Jor- cipomyia, Meg. Sphceromias, Steph. ; Curt. ; Hal. Labidomyia, Steph. Corpus parvum aut minimum, pilosum aut nudum. Caput anticum ssepissime depressum. Oculi lunati, subreniformes. Proboscis por- recta, plus minusve producta, labro, lingua et maxillis corneis acu- minatis. Palpi 4-articulati. Antennae 13-articulata3, filiformes; 206 CHIRONOMlDjE. articuli usque ad octavum breviores ; nonus et sequentes longiores. Thorax subovatus, convexus, antice planus. Scutellum parvum. Metathorax brevissimus. Ala3 incumbentes. Abdomen cylindri- cum, basi nonnunquam contractum. Pedes basi approximati; fe- mora in nonnullis spinosa aut incrassata; tibiae calcaratae. Mas. Antennas plumoso-barbatae. Body small, or very minute, pilose or bare. Head very generally depressed in front, produced into a very short rostrum. Eyes lunate, almost reniform. Proboscis more or less porrect, with fleshy labium, which is rounded in front. Labrum seated on the upper base of the labium, horny, flat, pointed, almost as long as the labium, including the horny and very sharp tongue, which generally is also almost as long as the labium, but in some species not more than two-thirds of its length. Maxillae seated on the under base of the labium, horny, sub- falcate, acuminated, generally as long as the labium. Palpi seated .on each side of the base of the labium, four-jointed ; first joint cylindrical ; second generally longer, either cylindrical, or oval, or clavate, or ob- clavate; third and fourth either cylindrical or oval, shorter than the second, or the fourth as long as the second. Antennas porrect, filiform, thirteen-jointed, longer than the head, and in some species almost as long as the body, seated on a thick basis; first and seven following joints globose or oval, sessile or petiolated ; ninth and four following joints more or less elongated, oval, or elliptical, or cylindrical, beset with short hairs, and at the base with longer verticillate hairs. Thorax nearly oval, convex, flat in front of the scutellum, which is small. Metathorax very short. Wings parallel with the body in repose, lan- ceolate or oval, pilose or bare; subcostal vein ending much beyond half the length of the wing; radial ending towards the tip; cubital ending by the tip ; subapical simple ; subanal forked ; anal not extend- ing to the border. Abdomen cylindrical, with eight segments, in some species contracted at the base. Legs of almost equal length, approxi- mate at the base ; femora incrassated in some species, armed beneath with spines in many species ; tibiae sometimes slightly incrassated ; joints of the tarsi varying in relative length ; ungues and onychia also varying, and affording specific characters. Male. Antennas bearing near the base a thick brush or plume of hairs. Abdomen with forceps at the tip. The larvae of some species are terrestrial ; that of C. bipunctatus dwells under the bark of dead trees. It is cylindrical, with the segments rather constricted, and the fore part of the body rather thicker ; the head is small and retractile, and each segment of the body has two clavate dorsal setse. The pupa is shorter than the larva, and much broader in front, with two short lateral appendages. It is pale yellow, with distinct rudiments of wings and legs, shining, very slightly transparent, beset with bristles on each side, tapering from the head to the tail, which is slender, and as long as the rest CEKATOPOGON. 20? of the body. When disturbed, it moves its head and thorax quickly from side to side. The upper side of the pupa-case is slit open when the fly emerges. The larva of C. lateralis inhabits manure, and has no clavate setse, but is furnished with two pediform appendages on the pro- thorax and on the anal extremity ; the pupa has also eight long filiform appendages on the back of the thorax. The sexes generally differ slightly in the disposition of the wing-veins, and these dif- ferences will be most clearly seen by referring to the excellent figures in Winnertz's elaborate monograph on this genus. These flies are generally called Midges, and the females of some of them are blood-suckers, and are very annoying when they occur in great numbers. The species whose femora are armed with spines make a prey of other small insects, which they pierce with their sharp proboscis. The Iarva3 live in water, or in the earth, or under the bark of trees, and the transformation of C. Upunctatus has been frequently observed. The following divisions are copied from Winnertz's mono- graph :— A. Antennae with the five last joints elongated. A. Wings with two cubital areolets, or (the first being confluent) with one, distant from the prsebrachial. a. Wings wholly or partly hairy, quite bare in the males of some species. Femora simple, unarmed. b. Ungues with hairy onychia, Ungues of both sexes of equal length. c. First tarsal joint shorter than the second, or both of equal length. — Forcipomyia, Megerle. — Labidomyia, Steph. d. Subcostal vein united to the costal in the middle of the fore border, or before it. Species 1-4. d d. Subcostal vein united to the costal between the middle of the fore border and the tip of the wing. Species 5-7. c c. First tarsal joint longer than the second. d. Subcostal vein united to the costal in the middle of the fore border or before it. Species 8-14. d d. Subcostal vein united to the costal between the middle of the fore border and the tip of the wing. Species 15-27. b b. Ungues with bristly hairs instead of onychia. Ungues of both sexes of equal length. c. First tarsal joint longer than the second. d. Subcostal vein united to the costal in the middle of the fore border or before it. Species 28. d d. Subcostal vein united to the costal between the middle of the fore border and the tip of the wing. — Culicoides, Latr. Species 29-45. 208 CHIRON OMID^E. b b b. Ungues without bristly hairs or onychia. One of the ungues (in the female only ?) longer than the other. First tarsal joint longer than the second. Subcubital vein united to the cubital between the middle of the costa and the tip of the wing. Species 46. a a. Wings quite bare. Subcostal vein united to the costal between the middle of the fore border and the tip of the wing. b. Femora unarmed. c. Ungues not denticulated. d. Ungues of both sexes of equal length. Species 47, 48. d d. TJngues of equal length, with a short claw by them in the female. Species 49. d d d. With a claw in the female longer than the others. Species 50-53. c c. Ungues (in the female only ?) with a tooth on the inner side. Ungues of equal length. Species 54. b b. Some, or all the femora, spinose on the under side. — Palpo- myia, Megerle. c. Ungues without spines. d. Ungues of equal length in both sexes. Plants hairy. Species 55-58. d d. One of the ungues longer than the other in the female. Plants hairy. Species 59. c c. Ungues (of the female only ?) with some spines on the inner side. Ungues of equal length. d. PJantaB hairy. Species 60-63. d d. Plantse spinose. — Spharomias, Steph. ; Curt. Species 64, 65. b b b. Hind femora incrassated, spinose beneath. Ungues without spines. One claw longer than the others. — Serromyia, Meg. — Prionomyia, Steph. Species 66. A A. Wings with one cubital areolet, produced from the prsebrachial to the costa. Wings bare. Subcostal vein united to the costal be- tween the middle of the fore border and the tip of the wing. a. Femora simple. b. Ungues without spines. Species 67-70. b b. Ungues with a spine on the inner side. Species 71. b b b. Ungues with a small claw beneath. Plants spinose. Sp. 72. a a. Some, or all the femora, spinose on the under side. b. Ungues without spines. Species 73-76. b b. Ungues of the female with a spine on the inner side. Species 77-81._ A A. Antenna? with the three last joints elongated. Species 82. The species of Ceratopogon generally require to be well pre- served and displayed, and highly magnified, in order to identify them with the characters by which Winnertz has described them, CERATOPOGON. 209 and divided them into minor groups ; these characters are mostly unnoticed by Meigen and by Zetterstedt. Their delicate structure is very easily injured, and I have not been able to ascertain clearly that all the species here described are British insects; but it is most probable that they will prove to be so. 1. pallidus, Winn. ! Linn. Ent. vi. 15. 1. pi. 3. f. 1 (1852). Mas et JFcem. fusco-cinereus, pallide aureo-hirtus, palpis fuscis, thoracis late- ribus albido-lineatis, pectore antico albo, halteribus fuscis basi albidis ; Mas, antennarum fasciculis nigro-cinereis apice albicantibus, alls lim- pidis albicantibus cano-hirtis, venis pallidis ad costam fuscescentibus, pedibus albidis albo-hirtis ; Fcem. aritennarura articulis primo ad octavum albidis longiovatis, nono ad decimum tertium pallide fuscescentibus, alis limpidis nigro-cinereo-hirtis, pedibus flavescentibus flavido-hirtis. Long. 1 ; alar. 2 lin. Male and Fern. Brownish-cinereous, clothed with pale gilded yellow hairs. Palpi brown. Thorax with a whitish stripe on each side. Pectus white in front. Halteres brown, whitish towards the base. Male. Pencils of the antennae blackish-cinereous, with whitish reflections at the tips. Wrings whitish-limpid, clothed with hoary hairs ; veins pale, brownish towards the costa. Legs whitish, clothed with white hairs. Fern. Joints of the antenna? from the first to the eighth whitish, elongate-oval, from the ninth to the thirteenth pale brown. Wings limpid, with blackish -grey hairs. Legs yellowish, with yellowish hairs. 0S.?) 2. regulus, Winn. ! Linn. Ent. vi. 16. 2. pi. 3. f. 2 (1852). Mas et Fcem. niger, aureo-flavo-hirtus nigroque setosus, pectoris lateribus an- ticis albo-unipunctatis, halteribus niveis, abdomine flavo-cinereo-hirto, genubus argenteo-punctatis, tibiis tarsisque piceis ; Mas, antennarum fasciculis apice albicantibus, alis albis albo-hirtis, costa nigro-setosa ; Fcem. alis limpidis nigro-cinereo-hirtis, femoribus tibiisque posticis non- nihil incrassatis. Long, f-f ; alar. 1-^-lf lin. Male and Fern. Black, clothed with gilded yellow hairs and with black bristles. Palpi black. Tips of the antennas with whitish reflections. Pectus in front of the wings with a white dot on each side. Halteres snow-white. Abdomen black or blackish-brown, clothed with long yellowish-grey hairs. Knees with a silvery dot. Tibia? and tarsi piceous. Male. Plumes of the antenna? with whitish tips. Wings white, clothed with white hairs ; costa with black bristles. Fern. Wings limpid, with blackish-grey hairs. Hind femora and hind tibiae some- what thickened. (E.?) 3. niger, Winn. ! Linn. Ent, vi. 17. 3. pi. 3. f. 3 (1852). Mas et Fcem. niger, nigro-hirtus, halteribus albis petiolo nonnunquam fusces- cente, abdomine cano-piloso nonnunquam nigro-fusco, pedibus piceis, VOL. iv. 2 E 210 CHIRONOMID^E. pilis nigro-cinereis ; Mas, alls lacteis albo-pilosis, costa nigra setosa, venis albis ; Fcem. alls limpidis nigro-hirtis, margine postico albo-ciliato, gutta costali argentea, femoribus tibiisque posticis incrassatis. Long. |-1 ; alar, lf-2 lin. Male and Fern. Black, shining, clothed with black hairs. Halteres white ; petiole sometimes brownish. Abdomen occasionally brownish- black, its hairs blackish-grey, with whitish reflections. Legs piceous, with blackish-grey hairs. Male. Plumes of the antennae with whitish reflections at the tips. Wings milk-white, with white hairs ; costa black, bristly ; veins white. Fern. Wings limpid, with black hairs ; hind border with a white fringe ; costa with a silvery white dot. Hind femora and hind tibiae more or less mcrassated. (E.?) 4. bipunctatus, Linn. S. N. ii. 978 (1767); Gmel.; Meig.; Mcq.; Steeg.; Bs.; Zett. D. $.—trichopterus, Hoffm.; Meig. (1818);— Winn.! Linn. Ent. vi. pi. 3. f. 4. — geniculatus, Guer. — hirtulus, Zett. I. L. Mas et Fcem. piceus, thorace jlavido-hirto, pectore antico albido, alls hyalinis cinereo-hirtis, puncto basali guttaque media costali albis, halteribus flavis, abdomine cano-hirto, pedibus albido-hirtis ; Mas, antennarum pluma apice flavido-alba, abdominis incisuris albidis. Long. |— 1 ; alar, lf-2 lin. Male and Fern. Piceous. Thorax thinly clothed with yellowish hairs. Pectus whitish in front, and with yellowish streaks on each side. Wings hyaline, clothed with greyish hairs, with a white dot beyond the middle of the costa ; veins brown towards the costa. Halteres yellow. Ab- domen with hoary hairs. Legs clothed with long white hairs. Male. Plumes of the antennae yellowish-white towards the tips. Wings and legs paler than those of the females. Abdominal segments with white sutures. Fern. Femora and tibias more or less thickened. Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 5. Kaltenbachii, Winn. ! Linn. Ent. vi. 19. 5. pi. 3. f. 5 (1852). Mas et Fcem. nigro-cinereus, thorace flavido-hirto, vitta laterali sordide flava, scutello saepissime flavido-marginato, pectore antico albido, alis hyalinis cinereo-hirtis, venis pallide fuscis apud costam obscurioribus, halteribus abdominisque incisuris albidis, pedibus sordide albo-flavis ; Mas, antennarum pluma apice albida, tibiis posticis nonnihil incrassatis ; Fcem. antennis flavo-fuscis, femoribus tibiisque posticis incrassatis. Long. 1-li; alar. 2-2^ lin. Male and Fein. Blackish-grey. Thorax clothed with short yellowish hairs, with a yellowish stripe along each side. Scutellum fringed with long black yellow-glistening hairs, generally with a yellow border. Pectus whitish in front. Wings hyaline, clothed with grey hairs ; veins pale brown, darker towards the costa. Halteres white or whitish-yellow. Abdomen with whitish sutures. Coxaa whitish-yellow ; legs darker, clothed with long brownish yellow-glistening hairs ; hind femora occa- sionally brown at the tips. Male. Plumes of the antennae whitish at CERATOPOGON. 211 the tips. Hind tibiae somewhat incrassated. Fern. Antennas yellowish- brown. Hind femora and hind tibiae incrassated. The larva feeds on the extravasated sap of the poplar. (E. ?) 6. piceus, Winn. ! Linn. Ent. vi. 21. 6. pi. 3. f. 6 (1852). Mas et Fcem. nigro-piceus, pectoris lateribus nitidis, alls kyalinis nigro-hirtis, basi fasciculoque costali trigono albidis, venis pallide fuscis apud costam obscurioribus, halteribus abdominisque incisuris albidis, pedibus nigro- piceis, tarsis albo-flavis, articulis apice fuscis ; Mas, antennarum pluma apice albida, tibiis posticis nonnihil incrassatis ; Foem. obscurior, an- tennis flavo-fuscis, femoribus tibiisque posticis incrassatis. Long. 1-1 i ; alar. 2 lin. Male and Fern. Much resembles C. Kaltenbachii. Piceous, almost black. Sides of the pectus shining, flings hyaline, with black down, the base and a triangular costal tuft whitish ; veins pale brown, darker towards the costa. Halteres and sutures of the abdomen whitish. Legs blackish -piceous ; tarsi whitish -yellow, their joints with brown tips. Male. Plumes of the antennas glistening-whitish towards the tips. Hind tibiae somewhat incrassated. Fern. Darker than the male. Antennae yellowish-brown. Wings very thickly clothed with black hairs. (E.) 7. ciliatus, Winn. ! Linn. Ent. vi. 21. 7. pi. 3. f. 7 (1852). Fcem. niger, flavo-albo-hirto, antennis apices versus albido-pilosis, alts kyalinis nigro-cinereo-pubescentibus, venis fuscis apud costam nigris, halteribus albis, ventre nigro-fusco basi sordide flavo, pedibus piceo-fuscis flavido- pilosis, tarsis albidis apice piceis. Long. 1-1-J-; alar. 2 lin. Fern. Black. Antennas clothed with black hairs, which are glisten- ing-white towards the tips ; joints from the first to the eighth thick, oval ; the other five elliptical. Thorax shining, occasionally piceous, beset with short yellow or yellowish-white hairs ; a whitish-yellow fleck on each side of the pectus before the wings, on the fore pectus, and on the fore coxae. Wings hyaline, with blackish-grey pubescence ; veins brown, black towards the costa. Halteres white. Abdomen clothed with short yellowish-white hairs ; under side blackish-brown, dingy- yellow or brown towards the base. Legs piceous-brown, with yeDowish hairs ; femora and tibiae very slightly incrassated ; tibia fringed tcith pointed lancet-like scales; first, second, and third joints of the tarsi whitish. Not common. (E.) 8. crassipes, Winn. ! Linn. Ent. vi. 22. 8. pi. 3. f. 8 (1852). Mas et Fcem. nigro-cinereus, thoracefiavo nigroque piloso, scutelTo nigro-hirto, alis albidis cinereo-hirtis, venis pallidis apud costam fuscis, halteribus albis, abdomine pedibusque nigro-fuscis nigro-cinereo-pilosis, femoribus tibiisque robustis, tarsis albo-flavis apice nigro-fuscis ; Mas, antennarum plumis apice albo-nitentibus ; Fcem. antennis flavidis, apice fuscis. Long. J-l ; alar. 2 lin. 212 CHIRONOMIDjE. Male and Fern. Black. Thorax blackish-grey, clothed with short yellow and long black hairs. Scutellum with black hairs. Sides of the pectus in front, and fore pectus, with dingy-white marks. Wings whitish ; their hairs grey, brownish in front ; veins pale, brown towards the costa. Halteres white. Abdomen and legs blackish-brown, clothed with long blackish-grey or almost black hairs. Femora and tibiae rather thick ; tarsi a whitish-yellow, with blackish-brown tips. Male. Plumes of the antennas with glistening-white tips. Fern. Antennas yellowish ; the five apical joints brown. Not common. (E.) 9. lepidus, Winn. ! Linn. Ent. vi. 23. 9. pi. 3. f. 7 (1852). Mas, niger, capite postico nigro-hirto, antennarum plumis apice albo-niten- tibus, thorace subnitido submetallico-viridi aurato-hirto nigro-setoso, pectoris lateribus obscure piceis, alls hyalinis cano-pilosis, venis fusces- centibus apud costam nigro-fuscis, halteribus albis nigro-petiolatis, ab- domine nigro-fusco,pilis longis albo-flavis,pedibus piceo-fuscis, femoribus tibiisque vix incrassatis, tarsis albidis albo-flavo-pilosis, articulis apice fuscis. Long. 1 ; alar. 2 lin. Male. Black. Hind part of the head with black hairs. Plumes of the antennas glistening-white towards the tips. Thorax slightly shining, with a tinge of metallic green, clothed with gilded hairs ; sides, shoul- ders, and border of the scutellum with long black bristles ; sides of the pectus piceous, dull. Wings hyaline, appearing whitish on a dark ground, clothed with hoary down ; veins brownish, blackish-brown to- wards the costa. Halteres black, with white knobs. Abdomen blackish- brown, clothed with long whitish-yellow hairs ; under side with grey, yellowish-glistening. Legs piceous-brown ; femora and tibiae hardly incrassated ; tarsi whitish, clothed with whitish-yellow hairs, their joints with brown tips. (K?) 10. brevipennis, Mcq. H. N. D. i. 123. 7 (1834); Meig.; Winn.! Linn. Ent. vi. pi. 3. f. 10. Mas et Fcem. niger, nitidus, pectoris lateri- bus pectoreque antico flavo-albo-notatis, thorace pills nonnullis nigris, alls albidis cano-pilosis, venis pallide fuscis apud costam obscurioribus, abdomine pilis longis densis nigris vestito, pedibus nigro-hirtis, tarsis nonnunquam pallidis ; Mas, antennarum plumis apice albidis ; Fcem. alis abbreviatis, pilis densioribus obscurioribus, abdomine lato. Male and Jam. Black, sinning. A little dingy whitish-yellow tuft on each side of the pectus, before the wings, and on the fore pectus. Thorax thinly covered with black hairs. Wings whitish, with hoary hairs ; veins pale brown, darker towards the costa. Abdomen thickly clothed with long black hairs. Legs with black hairs, occasionally piceous ; tarsi often tawny or yellow. Male. Plumes of the antennae glistening-white towards the tips. Fern. Joints of the antennae from the first to the eighth cylindrical, from the ninth to the thirteenth oval, the latter with white-glistening hairs. Wings obtuse oval, shorter and CEBATOPOGON. 213 broader than those of the male, their hairs darker and thicker. Abdo- men broad. (E.) 11. tenuis, Winn. ! Linn. Ent. vi. 25. 11. pi. 4. f. 11 (1852). Mas, nigro-cinereus, nigro-hirtus, antennarum plumis apice albidis, tho- race subobscuro, alis albidis cinereo-hirtis, venis pallidis apud costam fuscis, halteribus albis, petiolis nigricantibus, abdomine nigro-fusco, pe- dibus nigris subnitidis, tarsis flavido-albis apice fuscescentibus. Male. Blackish-grey, clothed with black hairs. Head and palpi black. Plumes of the antennae glistening -white towards the tips. Thorax hardly shining. Wings whitish, with grey hairs ; veins pale, brown towards the costa. Halteres blackish, with white knobs. Abdomen blackish-brown, with some short white hairs amongst the long black hairs on the back. Legs black, somewhat shining, clothed with black hairs ; tibiae slightly incrassated ; tarsi yellowish-white, with more or less brown tips. (E.?) 12. divaricatus, Winn.! Linn. Ent. vi. 25. 12. pi. 4. f. 12 (1852). Mas, ater, antennarum plumis apice albidis, thorace nitido nudo lato, pectoris lateribus flavido-notatis, alis hyalinis subalbidis cinereo-pilosis, venis pallidis apud costam fuscis, halteribus albis, abdomine nigro- fusco cinereo-piloso, ventre fulvo, pedibus pallide fuscescentibus, tarsis subalbidis, articulis apice nigris. Long, f ; alar. 11 tin. Male. Deep black. Plumes of the antennae glistening-white towards the tips. Thorax broad, bare, shining. A little dingy yellowish tuft on each side of the pectus before the wings. Wings hyaline, some- what whitish, with grey hairs; veins pale, brown towards the costa. Halteres white. Abdomen blackish-brown, thinly covered with grey hairs ; under side tawny. Legs pale brown ; tarsi more whitish. (E.?) 13. alacer, Winn.! Linn. Ent. vi. 25. 13. pi. 4. f. 13 (1852). Mas, ater, antennarum plumis apice albidis, thorace nitido pilis nigris, alis hyalinis cano-pilosis, venis pallidis apud costam fuscescentibus, halte- ribus sordide albis fusco-petiolatis, abdomine nigro-fusco, pilis longio- ribus cards, pedibus pallidis subpiceis, tarsis pallidioribus. Long, f ; alar. 1^ tin. Male. Deep black. Plumes of the antennae glistening-white towards the tips. Thorax clothed with black hairs, with a greyish tinge in some aspects. Wings hyaline, whitish when seen on a dark surface, with grey white-glistening hairs ; veins pale, distinct, brownish towards the costa. Halteres brown, with dingy white knobs. Abdomen almost blackish -brown, with rather long grey white -glistening hairs. Legs pale, somewhat piceous ; tarsi paler than the other parts. (E.) 14. murinus, Winn. ! Linn. Ent. vi. 26. 14. pi. 4. f. 14 (1862). 214 CHIKONOMUXZE. Mas et Fcem. murinus, scutello fulvo aut fulvo-marginato, pectoris late- ribus nigricantibus subnitidis, notis duabus lateralibus sordide fulvis, alls hyalinis subalbidis cano-pilosis, venis plus minusve fuscis, haiteri- bus albis, abdomiiie nigro-fusco, pilis longis albo-flavis, pedibus albidis albido-pilosis, tarsorum articulis apice nigris ; Mas, antennarum plurals nigro-cinereis apice albidis ; Fcem. alis obscurioribus pilosioribus. Long. -|-f ; alar. 1± lin. Male and Fern. Mouse-colour, dull. Antennae blackish-grey. Scu- tellum generally tawny, clothed with yellow hairs, with which some black hairs are intermixed, occasionally black, with a tawny border, and clothed with black hairs. Sides of the pectus blackish, somewhat shining, with a dingy tawny mark on each side before the base of the wings. Wings hyaline, slightly whitish, clothed with hoary hairs, which are thickest towards the costa ; veins more or less brown. Hal- teres white. Abdomen blackish-brown, with long whitish-yellow hairs. Legs whitish, clothed with whitish hairs, which are very long beneath the tibias and the tarsi; joints of the tarsi with black tips. Male. Plumes of the antennas blackish-grey, glistening-white towards the tips. Fern. Joints of the antennas oval, the five last rather broader and longer and more acuminated than the preceding eight. Wings darker, and more thickly hairy than those of the male. (E.) 15. titillans, Winn. ! Linn. Ent. vi. 27. 15. pi. 4. f. 15 (1852). Fern, ater, palpis fiavo-fuscis, antennis fuscescentibus, thorace nitido pilis flavido-albis, alis Jiyalinis cinereo-hirtis, halteribus albis, abdomine nigro albo-hirto, pedibus albidis pilis concoloribus. Long, •£-; alar. 1 lin. Fern. Head and thorax deep black. Palpi yellowish-brown. Antenna brownish, with yellowish-grey hairs ; joints from the first to the fourth cylindrical, the next four of a more oval form, the five last broader, oval, somewhat elongated. Thorax shining, clothed with moderately long, yellowish-white hairs. Wings hyaline, thickly covered, with grey hairs. Halteres white. Abdomen black, with white hairs. Legs whitish, with hairs of the same colour. Not common. (E.) 16. saltans, Winn.! Linn. Ent. vi. 27. 16. pi. 4. f. 16 (1852). Fcem. obscure fuscus, subcinereus, albido-pilosus, antennis pallide fuscis albo-hirtis, palpis nigris, alis hyalinis cinereo-hirtis, halteribus albis, pe- dibus albo-flavis, femoribus tibiisyue posticis apice nigris. Long. £; alar. 1 lin. Fern. Dark brown, somewhat greyish, clothed with short downy whitish hairs. Palpi black. Antenna pale brown, clothed with white hairs; joints from the first to the eighth cylindrical, from the ninth to the thirteenth elongate, oval. Wing hyaline, clothed with grey hairs. Halteres white. Legs whitish-yellow ; kind femora and hind tibiae with black tips. (E.?) CERATOPOGON. 215 17. halteratus, Winn. ! Linn. Ent. vi. 28. 17. pi. 4. f. 17 (3852). Mas, ater, antennarum pluma apice albo-nitente, thorace nitido, alls hyalinis nigro-cinereo-pilosis, venis pallidis apud costam fuscescentibus, vena costali setosa, halteribus apice lacteis, abdomine nigro-fusco, pilis nigro-cinereis, pedibus albido-pilosis, femoribus piceis, tibiis pallidioribusy tarsis albidis. Long, f ; alar. 1^ lin. Male. Black. Plumes of the antennas glistening-white towards the tips. Thorax deep black, shining. Wings hyaline, with blackish-grey hairs; veins pale, brownish towards the costa; costal vein setose. Halteres with the apical half of the club milk-white. Abdomen blackish- brown, clothed with blackish-grey hairs. Legs clothed with long whitish hairs ; femora piceous ; tibia paler ; tarsi whitish ; tips of their joints darker. Not common. (E.) 18. velox, Winn. ! Linn. Ent. vi. 28. 18. pi. 4. f. 18 (1852). Fcem. niger, obscurus, nigro-hirtus, alis hyalinis nigro-hirtis, vena costali valida obscure nigra, halteribus albis nigro-petiolatis, pedibus piceis, tarsis fla- vescentibus. Long, f ; alar. 1 lin. Fern. Black, not shining, clothed with black hairs. Antennas brown, with black hairs, those of the last five joints glistening-white; five basal joints cylindrical, the three following more oval, the fifth apical, long, elliptical. Wings hyaline, clothed with black hairs; costal vein thick, black. Halter es with white knobs. Hairs of the abdomen and of the legs glistening-hoary. Legs piceous ; tarsi yellowish. Eare. (E.) 19. frutetorum, Winn. ! Linn. Ent. vi. 29. 19. pi. 4. f. 12 (1852). Mas et Fcem. niger, thorace subnitido albido-pubesctnte, alis hyalinis albido-hirtis, venis pallidis apud costam fuscescentibus, halteribus apice albis, abdomine obscure nigro-fusco albido-piloso, pedibus pallide piceis albido-hirtis, tarsis pallidioribus ; Mas, antennarum plumis albidis; Fcem. antennis albo-pilosis. Long. -|— ^ ; alar. -| lin. Male and Fern. Black. Third and fourth joints of the palpi occa- sionally yellowish. Thorax somewhat shining, covered with short whitish down, which appears greyish in some aspects. Wings hyaline, appear- ing glistening-white when seen on a dark surface, clothed with whitish hairs ; veins pale, brownish towards the costa. Halteres with the apical half, or the whole, of the club milk-white. Abdomen dull blackish-brown, clothed with long whitish hairs. Legs pale piceous, furnished icitli long whitish hairs ; tarsi pale. Male. Plumes of the antenna glistening- white towards the tips. Fern. Antennas with white hairs ; joints almost cylindrical, closely joined together, the five last somewhat elongated. Wings hardly glistening -white, their clothing generally thicker and darker than that of the male. (E.) 20. sylvaticus, Winn.! Linn. Ent. vi. 29. 20. pi. 4. f. 20 (1852). 216 CHIRONOMID^E. Mas, fmco-niger, palpis nigris, antennarum plumis nigris apice albidis, thorace nitido, alls hyalinis, apice pubescentibus, venis pallidis distinctis apud costam fuscis, halteribus sordide albo-flavis, aldominis apice cano- pubescente, pedibus albido-Jlavis albido-hirtis. Long. -| ; alar. 1^ lin. Male. Brownish-black. Palpi black. Plumes of the antennas black, glistening-white towards the tips. Thorax shining, with a glistening grey hue in some aspects. Wings hyaline, glistening milk-white when seen on a dark surface, with a few little hairs near the tips ; veins pale, but distinct, brown towards the costa. Halteres dingy whitish-yellow. Abdomen blackish-brown, with short hoary down at the tip. Legs whitish- yellow, with short whitish hairs. (E.?) 21. forcipatus, Winn.! Linn. Ent. vi. 30. 21. pi. 4. f. 21 (1852). Mas, nigro-fuscus, palpis nigris, antennarum plumis apice flavescentibus, thorace subnitido flavescente-hirto, alis hyalinis nudis, halteribus lacteis, petiolis Jlavescentibus, abdomine obscuro fusco-piloso apice obtuso forcipi- bus maximis fusco-flavis, pedibus fuscescente-flavis. Long. -|; alar, li lin. Male. Blackish-brown. Palpi black. Plumes of the antennae glisten- ing-yellowish towards the tips. Thorax somewhat shining, with yellowish hairs, which appear yellowish-grey in some aspects. Things limpid, bare. Halteres yellowish, with milk-white knobs. Abdomen dull, with brown hairs, glistening -whitish towards the tip, which is obtuse, and is furnished with a pair of very large brownish-yellow forceps. Legs brownish-yellow. (E.?) 22. lucorum, Meig. Zw. i. 72. 9 (1818); Mcq. ; Winn.! Linn. Ent. vi. pi. 4. f. 22. Mas et Fcem.fuscus aut nigro-fuscus, albido-hirtus, thorace subnitido, alis hyalinis, venis pallidis apud costam paullo obscu- rioribus, halteribus niveis, pedibus Jlavescentibus aut ferrugineis albo-hir- tis ; Mas, alis apice pubescentibus ; Fcem. alis fere totis pubescentibus. Long, f-f ; alar. 1^ lin. Male and Fern. Black or blackish-brown, clothed with whitish hairs. Thorax somewhat shining, its hairs appearing grey in some aspects. Wings hyaline ; veins pale but distinct, rather darker towards the costa. Halteres snowy -white ; their petioles generally brownish. Legs yellowish or ferruginous, clotJiedwith white hairs. Male. Wings appear- ing milk-white in a shaded aspect, pubescent towards the tips. Fern. Wings almost wholly pubescent. Not rare. (E.) 23. rostratus, Winn. ! Linn. Ent. vi. 31. 23. pi. 4. f. 23 (1852). Mas et Foem. cinereo-fuscus, proboscide elongata, antennarum pilis apice albo-nitentibus, thorace Jlavo-hirto, scutello setis nonnullis nigris ciliato, pectoris lateribus abdomineque nigro-fuscis, hoc cinereo-hirto, alis hyalinis, venis pallidis apud costam fuscis, halteribus lacteis, petiolis fuscescenti- bus, pedibus ferrugineis ; Mas, antennis nigro-fuscis, alis nudis ; Foem. antennis fuscis, alis apices versus subpilosis. Long, f-1 ; alar. 2 lin. Greyish -brown. Proboscis elongated. Thorax slightly clothed with CERATOPOGON. 217 short yellow hairs. Scutellnm fringed with a few black bristles. Wings hyaline ; veins pale, brown towards the costa. Halteres brownish, with milk-white knobs. Abdomen clothed with grey hairs, which are long to- wards its tip. Legs ferruginous. Male. Antennae and their plumes blackish-brown, the latter glistening-white towards their tips. Wings bare. Fern. Antennae brown, the eight basal contracted cylindrical joints with grey hairs, the five long elliptical joints with whitish hairs. Wings somewhat hairy towards the tips. Not rare. (E.) 24. bruxmipes, Meig. Zw. i. 71. 7 (1818); Staeg.; Zett.; Winn.! Linn. Ent. vi. pi. 5. f. 24. Mas et Foem. nigro-fuscus, thorace subnitido pilis flavescentibus, scutello setis nonnullis nigris, alis subcinereis, venis apud costam nigro-fuscis, halteribus lacteis, abdomine nigro-fusco obscuro cano-piloso, pedibus ferrugineis ; Mas, antennarum pluma nigra apice vix albo-micante, alis nudis ; Foem. pallidior, autennis fuscis nigro-hirtis, alis apices versus pubescentibus. Long, |— 1 ; alar. 2 lin. Male and Fern. Blackish-brown. Thorax slightly shining, clothed with yellowish hairs, which appear brown in some aspects. Scutellum with some black bristles. Wings greyish ; veins towards the costa blackish- brown, the rest paler. Halteres milk-white. Abdomen blackish-bmon, dull, clothed with hoary hairs. Legs ferruginous. Male. Plumes of the antennae black, slightly glistening-white at the tips. Wings bare. Jem. Paler than the male. Antennas brown, with black hairs ; joints from the first to the eighth nearly oval, the five following elongate-elliptical, their hairs glistening-hoary. Wings pubescent towards the tips. Not rare. (E.) 25. pavidus, Winn. ! Linn. Ent. vi. 33. 25. pi. 5. f. 25 (1852). Mas et Foem. nigro-fuscus, subnitidus, thorace pilis nonnullis nigris ves- tito, alis hyalinis, venis pallidis, abdomine pilis fuscis albido-nitentibus vestito ; Mas, venis apud costam pallide fuscescentibus, halteribus fuscis, capitulis sordide albis, femoribus tibiisque ferrugineis apice fuscis, tarsis pallidioribus ; Foem. venis apud costam halteribusque fuscis, pedibus jlavis. Long, i— |; alar. 1 lin. Male and Fern. Blackish-brown, slightly shining. Thorax of a dull greyish hue when seen in some aspects, almost bare, with very few short black hairs, and with some longer black hairs on the border of the scu- tellum. Wings hyaline, pubescent at the tips ; discal veins pale. Ab- domen clothed with brown whitish-glistening hairs. Male. Feins towards the costa pale, brownish. Halteres dingy -white, with brown petioles. Fe- mora and tibia ferruginous, icith brown tips ; tarsi paler. Fern. Veins towards the costa and halter es brown. Legs yellow. (E.?) 26. fuscus, Meig. Zw. i. 71. 6 (1818); Zett.; Winn.! Linn. Ent. vi. pi. 5. f. 26. Mas, niger, antennarum plumis nigro-fuscis apice fla- vidis, thorace nitido pilis Jlavidis, alis hyalmis nudis, venis pallidis apud VOL. iv. 2 F 218 CHIKONOMID^;. costam fuscis, halteribus sordide flamdis, abdomine niyro-fusco fusco-pi- loso, pedibus f err ugineis. Long, j-; alar. 1^ lin. Male. Black. Plumes of the antennae blackish-brown, glistening- yellow towards the tips. Thorax .shining, with yellowish hairs, which appear yellowish-grey in some aspects. Wings hyaline, bare ; veins pale, brown towards the costa. Halteres dingy yellow, almost brown. Abdo- men blackish-brown, dull, clothed with brown hairs, which have a glis- tening-whitish tinge towards the tip. Legs ferruginous. Not rare. (E.) 27. mhmtus, Meig. Zw. vi. 263. 49 (1830) ; Stseg.; Zett.; Winn.! Linn. Ent. vi. pi. 5. f. 27. Mas, nigro-fuscus, palpis Jlavis, antennis fuscis plumis pallidis, thorace nitido Jlavido-piloso, alis hyalinis nudis apice vix pubescentibus, venis pallidis apud costam fuscis, halteribus lacteis, abdomine fusco obscuro cano-piloso, pedibus albo-Jiavis. Long. \ ; alar. 1 lin. Male. Blackish-brown. Palpi yellow. Antennas pale brown, clothed with pale hairs ; joints from the first to the eighth compact, cylindrical, the five following elliptical. Thorax shining, clothed with yellowish hairs. Wings hyaline, bare, except a few hairs in front of the tips ; veins brown towards the costa, the rest pale. Halteres milk-white. Abdomen broicn, dull, with hoary hairs. Legs whitish-yellow. Not rare. (E.) 28. sericatus, Winn.! Linn. Ent. vi. 34. 28. pi. 5. f. 28 (1852). Niger, nigro-hirtus, antennarum plumis apice albidis, alis hyalinis cine- reo-hirtis, venis pallidis apud costam fuscis, halteribus nigro- fuscis, pedibus piceis, tarsis sordide albidi's. Long, f ; alar, -| lin. Male. Black, clothed with black hairs. Plumes of the antennas glistening-white towards the tips. Wings hyaline, whitish when seen on a dark surface, clothed with grey white-glistening hairs ; veins pale, brown towards the costa. Halteres blackish-brown. Legs more or less dark piceous ; tarsi dingy whitish. (E.?) 29. amcenus, Winn.! Linn. Ent. vi. 35. 29. pi. 5. f. 29 (1852). Mas, piceus, antennarum plumis fuscis albo-nitentibus, palpis fuscis, alis hyalinis, venis albis, halteribus niveis, abdominis incisuris albidis, pedibus albidis, femorum et tibiarum apicibus extremis pallide fuscis. Long. -| ; alar. 1 lin. Male. Piceous. Palpi brown. Plumes of the antennas brown, glis- tening snowy-white, llwrax with glistening -white down. Wings hya- line ; veins pale, appearing white in a shaded aspect. Halteres snowy- white. Sutures of the abdominal segments whitish. Legs whitish ; ex- treme tips of the femora and of the tidies pale brown. Bare. (E.) 30. varius, Winn.! Linn. Ent. vi. 35. 30. pi. 5. f. 30 (1852). Mas et Foem. fuscus, palpis Jlavis, thorace nigro-hirto disco cinereo, hal- CERATOPOGON. 21 9 teribus albis, abdominis incisuris albidis, pedibus albo-fiavis, genubus tibiis- que apice nigro-punctatis ; Mas, antennarum plumis auratis, alis cinereo- trifasciatis ; Fcem. antennis albido-pilosis, alis cinereis limpido-trifascia- tis. Long, i~f ; alar, 1^-1 i lin. Male and Fern. Brwvn. Palpi yellow. Thorax with black hairs ; disc tinged with grey. Halteres white. Abdomen and legs clothed with grey white-glistening hairs. Abdomen paler than the thorax, with whitish sutures. Legs whitish-yellow; knees and tips of the tibia with black punctures. Male. Plumes of the antennae gilded. Wings limpid, with three grey bands, the first and the third with some brown dots. Fern. Antennae brownish, with white-glistening hairs ; joints from the first to the eighth oval, the other five elongated, elliptical. Wings grey, with three limpid bands, the first and the second interrupted, the third apical. Eare. (E.) 31. fascipennis, Stseg. Kroy. Nat. Tids. ii. 594. 14 (1839) ; Zett.; Winn. ! Linn. Ent. vi. pi. 5. f. 31. Mas et Fcem. fiavo-cinereus, palpis fusco-fiavis, scutello fiavo aut fiavo-marginato, alis subcinereis aut fusces- centibus fasciis duabus abbreviatis anticis vittaque postica basim versus albis, halteribus albis, abdomine obscure fusco, pedibus pallidis, genubus et nonnunquam tibiis apice nigro-punctatis ; Mas, antennarum plumis fuscis auratis ; Fcem. antennis albidis apice nonnunquam pallide fuscis. Long. |— -|; alar. 1 lin. Male and Fern. Yellowish-cinereous. Palpi brownish-yellow. Scu- tellum yellow, or with a yellow border. Wings greyish or brownish, with two short white bands in front ; the first about the middle, extending from the costa to full half the breadth ; the second nearer the tip, not more than one-fourth of the breadth of the wing ; a ichite streak along the hind border near the base. Halteres white. Abdomen dark brown, occasion- ally yellowish at the base and beneath in the living insect. Legs pale ; knees, and in some cases the tips of the tibia, with black dots. Male. Plumes of the antennae gilded-brown. Fern. Antennae whitish, clothed with whitish hairs, occasionally pale brown towards the tips; joints from the first to the eighth oval, from the ninth to the thirteenth elon- gate-elliptical. Wings almost oval, darker and more hairy than those of the male. (E.) 32. pictipennis, Stsegi Kroy. Naturh. Tidskr. ii. 594. 14 (1839) ; Zett. ; Winn. ! Linn. Ent. vi. pi. 5. f. 32. Mas et'Fcem. cinereus, palpis fuscescentibus, antennis fuscis, thorace vitta lata fasciaque fuscis, alis purpiireo-fuscis guttis limpidis, halteribus albis, abdomine nigro-fusco, pe- dibus pallide fuscescentibus, genubus nigris, tibiis nonnunquam apice ob- scuris, tarsis albidis. Long. |— f- ; alar. l?-li lin. Male and Fern. Cinereous. Palpi brownish. Antenna brown. Thorax with a broad brown stripe, and an equally broad brown band ; some spines on each side by the base of the wings ; it is clothed with black yellow- glistening hairs. Wings purplish-brown, with several limpid and brown 220 CHIRONOMIDjE. spots. Halteres white. Abdomen blackish-brown, clothed with greyish hairs, which are longer than those of the thorax. Legs pale brown ; femora and tibiae with a white ring near the knees, which are black ; tibiae sometimes with dark tips ; tarsi whitish. Male. Plumes of the antennae brown, glistening-white towards the tips. Second joint of the tarsi slender. Fern. Second joint of the tarsi stout, almost oval. Antennae brownish, darker towards the tips ; joints from the first to the eighth oval, the five last long, elliptical. Wings pubescent, darker than those of the male ; veins distinct, blackish-brown towards the costa. Rare. (E.) 33. arcuatus, Winn. ! Linn. Ent. vi. 39. 33. pi. 5. f. 33 (1852). Mas et Fcem. jlavo-cinereus, palpis fusco-favis, scutello Jlavo aut flaw- mar ginato, alls cinereis maculis nonnullis magnis limpidis parvisque fuscis, halteribus albis, abdomine obscure fusco, pedibus pallidis, genubus tibiisque apice nigro-punctatis ; Mas, antennarum plumis auratis ; Fcem. antennis albidis apice fuscescentibus. Long. J— | ; alar. 1| lin. Male and Fern. Yellowish-cinereous. Palpi brownish-yellow. Scutellum yellow, or with a yellow border. Wings grey, pubescent, limpid at the base, and adorned with some large limpid spots and with a few small brown spots. Halteres white. Abdomen dark brown, sometimes yelloivish at the base and beneath in the living insect. Legs pale, with little black dots on the knees and on the tips of the tibiae. Male. Plumes of the antenna3 gilded-brown. Fern. Antennae whitish, pale brown towards the tips, clothed with whitish hairs ; joints from the first to the eighth oval, from the ninth to the thirteenth elongate-elliptical. Wings much darker than those of the male. Not common. (E.) 34. pulicaris, Linn. F. S. 1892 (1767); F. ; Gmel. ; Meig. ; Mcq. ; Dahlb. ; Staeg. ; Zett. ; Us. ; Winn. ! Linn. Ent. vi. pi. 5. f. 34. — punctata, Latr. ; Panz. Mas et Fcem. cinereus, palpis fuscis, thorace vittis duabus lateralibus obscure fuscis, alls albis fusco-guttatis, halteribus albis, abdomine nigro-fusco, suturis sapissime albidis, pedibus pallide fuscis, tibiis posticis basi albidis, tarsorum articulis apice obscuris ; Mas, anten- narum plumis flavido -fuscis auratis; Fcem. antennis fuscescentibus. Long. f-1 ; alar. 1^-2 lin. Grey. Palpi brown; first joint slender. Thorax with a dark brown stripe on each side in front of the wings. Pectus and scutellum brown. Wrings white, with brown dots, of which three along the costa are larger and darker than the others. Halteres white. Abdomen blackish-brown ; sutures of the segments generally whitish. Legs pale brown ; hind tibice whitish at the base ; tarsi paler, their joints with dark tips. Male. Plumes of the antennae yellowish-brown, gilded. Fern. Antennae brownish"; joints from the first to the eighth oval, from the ninth to the thirteenth elongate-elliptical. Generally distributed. Very abundant and annoying in marshy places. (E. S. I.) CEBATOPOGON. 221 35. albicans, Winn. ! Linn. Ent. vi. 41. 35. pi. 6. f. 35 (1852). Mas et Fcem. cinereus, palpis flams, thorace albo-piloso setis nonnullis nigris, alls albis, venis pallidis, halteribus albis, abdomine albo-hirto, pe- dibus pallide flavescentibus cano-hirtis, femoribus tibiisque apice nigris ; Mas, antennarum plumis fuscis auratis apice albidis, alis ex parte pu- bescentibus, abdomine fusco ; Fcem. antennis albidis, thorace Jlavo-cinereo, alis totis pubescentibus, abdomine albido. Long. -|— | ; alar. 1—1 -5 lin. Male and Fern. Grey, clothed with white hairs. Palpi yellow. Wings ichite, with some white hairs ; veins pale. Halteres white. Legs pale yellowish, with grey white-glistening hairs ; femora and tibia with black tips. Male. Plumes of the antennae gilded-yellow, glistening-white at the tips. Wings partly pubescent. Abdomen brown. Thorax with a few black bristles. Fern. Antenna whitish ; joints from the first to the eighth oval, from the ninth to the thirteenth elongated-elliptical. Thorax yellowish- grey, without black bristles. Wings wholly pubescent. Abdomen whitish. Not common. (E.) 36. sestivus, Winn.! Linn. Ent. vi. 42. 36. pi. 6. f. 36 (1852). Teem, nigro-cinereus, palpis antennisque nigris, his nitidis apice albidis, thorace obscuro dorso cinereo vittis quinque nigris, scutello fulvo, alis albicantibus, venis pallidis apud costam fuscis, halteribus fuscis, capi- tulis sordide albis, abdomine nigro-fusco obscuro, pedibus piceis, tarsis flavido-albis, articulis apice obscuris. Long. -| ; alar. 1-^ lin. Fern. Blackish-grey. Palpi black. Antennae shining black ; joints from the first to the eighth oval, from the ninth to the thirteenth, ellip- tical, glistening -white. Thorax dull ; dorsum glistening -grey, with Jive stripes, the middle one very slender, the outermost pair broadest. Scu- tellum tawny. Wings whitish; veins pale, brown towards the costa. Halteres brown, icith dingy-white knobs. Abdomen blackish-brown, dull. Legs piceous ; tarsi yellowish-tchite, their joints ivith dark tips. Not common. (E.) 37. cunctans, Winn. ! Linn. Ent. vi. 42. 37. pi. 6. f. 37 (1852). Fcem. murinus, flavido-pilosus, palpis antennisque fuscis, his pilis verti- cillatis flavidis albo-nitentibus, pectoris lateribus nigricantibus cano-niten- tibus, alis hyalinis cinereo-hirtis, venis pallidis apud costam fuscescen- tibus, halteribus albis, abdomine nigro obscuro cano-piloso, pedibus pallide piceis, tarsis albidis basi piceis, articulis apice fuscis. Long. -| ; alar. 1| lin. Fern. Mouse-colour, clothed with yellowish hairs. Palpi and antenna brown, the latter with yellowish white-glistening verticillate hairs ; joints from the first to the eighth oval, from the ninth to the thirteenth elon- gate-elliptical. Sides of the pectus blackish, with a glistening hoary hue. Wings hyaline, with grey hairs ; veins pale, brownish towards the costa. Halteres white. Abdomen black, dull, with short hoary hairs. Legs pale piceous ; second, third, fourth, and ffth joints of the tarsi whitish, with brown tips. (E.?) 222 CHIRONOMID^E. 38. modestus, Winn. ! Linn. Ent. vi, 43. 38. pi. 6. f. 38 (1852). Fcem. niger, obscurus, palpis nigro-fuscis, antennis fuscis, scutello albo- Jlavo, alls hyalinis cinereo-hirtis, halteribus albidis, petiolis fuscis, abdo- mine nigro-fusco albido-hirto, pedibus pallide piceis, tarsis albidis. Long. ^; alar. 1 lin. Fern. Palpi blackish-brown. Antenna brown; joints with blackish- verticillate hairs, more elongated successively from the first to the eighth, which last has almost the form of the five following long ellip- tical joints, whose hairs are tinged with glistening-white. Thorax dull black, appearing in some aspects glistening-grey, with broad black stripes. Pectus blackish-brown on each side. Scutellum whitish-yellow. Wings hyaline, appearing whitish when seen on a dark surface, with grey hairs ; veins pale, brown towards the costa. Halteres brown, with dingy-white knobs. Abdomen blackish-brown, dull, with whitish hairs. Femora pale piceous ; tibia paler ; tarsi whitish. (E.?) 39. egens, Winn.! Linn. Ent. vi. 43. 39. pi. 6. f. 37 (1852). Fcem. niger aut cinereus, palpis antennisque nigris, thorace setis nonnullis nigris maculis quatuor lateralibus sordide flams, scutello fulvo, alts albidis cano- pilosis, venis pallidis apud costam fuscis, halteribus nigro-fuscis apice canis, abdomine nigro-fusco obscuro cinereo-hirto, pedibus nigro-fuscis, tarsis albidis, apice fuscis. Long. | ; alar. 1 lin. Fern. Palpi black. Antenna black ; joints from the first to the eighth oval, with black verticillate hairs ; from the ninth to the thirteenth somewhat elongated, with white hairs. Thorax dull black, or blackish- grey, or glistening -hoary, with some little black bristles ; a dingy dark yellow and somewhat prominent mark on each side of the pectus before the wings, and on each shoulder. Scutellum tawny. Wings whitish, with hoary hairs ; veins pale but distinct, brownish, and with blackish-brown tips towards the costa. Halteres blackish-brown, their clubs with hoary tips. Abdomen blackish-brown, dull, thinly clothed with greyish hairs. Legs blackish-brown ; tarsi whitish, with brown tips. (E.?) 40. scutellatus, Meig. Zw. vi. 262. 46 (1830); Winn.! Linn. Ent. vi. pi. 6. f. 40. Mas et Fcem. niger, thorace atro nitido setis non- nullis nigris maculis quatuor lateralibus jlavis, scutello Jlavido-albo, alis hyalinis ex parte pubescentibus, venis pallidis apud costam fuscis, hal- teribus fuscis, capitulis apice albis, abdomine obscuro apice albido-hirto, femoribus fuscescentibus, tibiis pallidioribus, tarsis albidis ; Mas, anten- narum plumis apice albidis. Long. f- ; alar. 1 lin. Male and Fern. Slack. Thorax deep black, shining, with a few black bristles ; a dingy yellow spot on each side of the pectus before the ^vings, and a yellow dot on each shoulder. Scutellum yellowish-white. Wings hyaline, whitish when seen on a dark surface, partly pubescent ; veins pale, distinct, brown towards the costa. Halteres brown; their knobs with white tips. Abdomen dull, with whitish hairs at the tip. Femora CERATOPOGON. 223 brownish; tibia paler ; tarsi whitish. Male. Plumes of the antennas somewhat glistening -white at the tips. Fern. Antenna? with black verticillate hairs ; basal joints almost cylindrical, the following succes- sively more and more oval ; the five last slightly elongated, elliptical. Not rare. (E.) 41. versicolor, Winn.! Linn. Ent. vi. 45. 41. pi. 6. f. 41 (1852). Fcem. cinereo-fuscus, palpis antennisque nigris, thorace vittis tribus obscu- rioribus, pectoris lateribus albo-notatis, scutello Jlavo disco fusco, alis hyalinis albidis cinereo-pilosis, venis pallidis apud costam fuscis, hal- teribus fuscescentibus, abdomine atro segmentis albo-marginatis, pedibus fulvis articulis apice fuscis, tibiis posticis fusco-cinctis. Long. J ; alar. H lin. Fern. Palpi and antenna black, the latter with black hairs, which have glistening- white tips ; joints oval ; first and second cylindrical ; thirteenth large, elliptical, ending in a short style. Thorax greyish- brown, dull, with three darker stripes, appearing, when seen in front, grey, with two slender brown stripes ; when seen laterally, grey, with four brown stripes, and in some aspects wholly grey. Pectus brownish- grey, with four lateral glistening- white marks. Scutellum brown, with a broad yellow border. Wrings hyaline, somewhat whitish, with grey hairs ; veins pale, brown towards the costa. Halteres brownish. Ab- domen deep black, with slender white bands on the hind borders of the segments. Legs tawny ; tips of the femora and of the tibia brown ; tarsi brownish, excepting the first and second joints ; hind tibia with a broad brown middle band. (E.?) 42. obscums, Winn. ! Linn. Ent. vi. 45. 42. pi. 6. f. 42 (1852). Fcem. nigro-fuscus, palpis antennisque nigris, thorace vittis tribus fuscis, alis hyalinis cinereo-pilosis, venis pallidis apud costam fuscis, halteribus nigris, abdominis incisuris albidis, pedibus atris, tarsis albidis, femoribus anticis apice fulvo-cinctis. Long. -|; alar. 1-|- lin. Fern. Blackish-brown. Palpi and antenna black, the latter with black hairs, which have glistening-white tips. Thorax dull, with a glisten- ing-grey tinge, three brown stripes apparent in some aspects. Scutellum brown. Things hyaline, somewhat ichitish, with grey hairs ; veins pale, brown towards the costa. Halteres black. Abdomen with slender whitish incisures. Legs deep black; tarsi ichitish; fore tibia with a slender tawny band near their tips. (E.?) 43. pumilus, Winn. ! Linn. Ent. vi. 46. 43. pi. 6. f. 43 (1852). Fcem. nigro-cinereus, palpis Jlavis, antennisJJavescentibus pilis verticillatis albis, thorace setis nonnullis nigris, alis hyalinis cano-hirtis, venis pal- lidis costalibus apice fuscescentibus, halteribus albis, abdomine albido- piloso, pedibus pallidis, genubus nigricantibus. Long, f ; alar, f lin. Fern. Blackish-grey. Palpi yellow. Antenna yellowish, with white verticillate hairs ; joints from the first to the eighth oval, from the 224 CHIRONOMID^E. ninth to the thirteenth elongated-elliptical. Thorax with a few black bristles. Wings hyaline, whitish when seen on a dark surface, with hoary hairs ; veins pale ; costal veins with brownish tips. Halteres white. Abdomen drown, pale beneath, flesh-colour in the living insect, thickly covered with short whitish hairs. Legs pale ; knees blackish. Not common. (E.) 44. neglectus, Winn.! Linn. Ent. vi. 46. 44. pi. 6. f. 44. (1852). Mas, obscure fuscus, palpis antennisque nigris, harum plumis nigris apice albidis, thorace nigro-hirto, alis hyalinis nigro-pilosis, venis pallidis apud costam nigris, halteribus nigro-fuscis, abdomine nigro-fusco, pedibus pallide piceis, tarsis albidis articulis apice fuscis. Long. -|; alar. 1£ lin. Male. Palpi black ; first joint long ; second short, almost cylindrical. Antennae black, with black plumes, whose tips are glistening -white. Thorax dark brown, dull, with a whitish glistening in some aspects, clothed with black hairs. Wings hyaline, whitish when seen on a dark surface, with black hairs ; veins pale, black towards the costa. Hal- teres blackish-brown ; their knobs with almost grey tips. Abdomen black- ish-brown, with black, hoary-glistening hairs. Legs pale piceous ; tarsi whitish, their joints with dark tips. Not common. (E.) 45. splendidus, Winn.! Linn. Ent. vi. 47. 45. pi. 6. f. 45 (1852). Mas, albo-flavus, antennis auratis, pectore et scutello albis, alis pallide fusco-flavis guttis duabus anticis et sex posterioribus nigris marginibus apices versus pilosis, halteribus albis, abdomine atro segmentorum margini- bus niveis, pedibus albidis cingulis nigris. Long. % ; alar. 1 lin. Male. Proboscis and palpi yellowish-white. Antennae and their plumes gilded-yellow ; tips of the latter tinged with brown ; hind head hoary ; vertex silvery -white. Thorax whitish-yellow, inclining to brown, finely punctured with brown. Pectus, scutellum and metathorax white. Wings pale brownish-yellow, appearing white on a dark surface, pubescent along the apical half of the border, with eight black dots, — two on the veins by the costa, two in the disc, and four in a row hindward from half the length of the border to the tips of the wing. Halteres ichite. Abdomen deep black, with slight snow-white bands on the hind borders of the seg- ments; the four last segments appearing wholly white in some aspects. Legs whitish ; tips of the femora, of the tibia, and of the joints of the tarsi with black bands ; hind tarsi wholly black ; fore tibiae with a brown subapical band ; hind tibiae toith two brown bands. (E.?) 46. ochraceus, Winn. ! Linn. Ent. vi. 48. 46. pi. 6. f. 46 (1852). Mas, ochraceo-flavus, palpis apice fuscescentibus, antennis fuscis, alis limpidis nudis apices versus pubescentibus, venis distinctis plus minusve fuscescentibus apud costam apice incrassatis, pedibus pallidioribus. Long, f ; alar. H lin. Male. Ochraceous-yellow. Palpi with brownish tips. Antenna brown ; joints elliptical ; ninth and the four following much elongated. CERATOPOGON. 225 Wings limpid, bare, pubescent towards the tips ; Veins distinct, more or less brownish, those towards the costa with incrassated tips. Legs paler than the body ; one of the ungues about twice the length of the other. Not rare. (E.) 47. vitiosus, Winn. ! Linn. Ent. vi. 49. 47. pi. 6. f. 47 (1852). Mas et Fcem. obscure nigro-cinereus, palpis fuscis, antennis nigris, alls jlavescentibus aut albidis, venis fuscis, halteribus albis, pedibus albidis, yenubus posticis nigris ; Mas, antennarum plumis apice albidis. Long. |-; alar. f lin. Male and Fern. Dull blackish-grey. Palpi brown. Antenna black. Wings appearing yellowish in tlie light, whitish when seen on a dark surface; veins brown. Halteres white. Legs whitish; hind knees black. Male. Plumes of the antennae black, glistening-whitish towards the tips. Fern. Joints of the antennae from the first to the third cylin- drical ; from the fifth to the eighth more oval ; from the ninth to the thirteenth elongated, elliptical. (E.?) 48. lacteipennis, Zett. I. L. 820.4 (1840); Winn.! Linn. Ent. vi. pi. 6. f. 48. Mas et Fcem. niger, antennis nigro-fuscis, thorace vix nitido, alls lacteis, venis albidis, halterum capitiilis lacteis, femoribus ti- biisque piceis aut fuscescentibus apice obscurioribus, tarsis albidis articu- lis apice nigris; Mas, autennarum plumis nigro-fuscis apice albidis. Long, f ; alar. 1 lin. Male and Fern. Black. Antenna blackish-brown. Thorax hardly shining. Things milk-white ; veins whitish. Halteres with milk-white knobs. Legs piceous, or brownish ; tips of the femora and of the tibia darker ; tarsi whitish, their joints with black tips ; hind tarsi occasionally piceous. Male. Plumes of the antennae blackish-brown, with glistening- white tips. Fern. Joints of the antennae from the first to the third cylindrical ; from the fifth to the eighth more oval ; from the ninth to the thirteenth elongated, elliptical. Not common. (E.) 49. nitidus, Mcq. H. N. D. i. 64. 2 (1834) ; Meig. ; Stseg. ; Zett. ; Winn. ! Linn. Ent. vi. pi. 7. f. 49. Mas et Fcem.. niger, nitidus, facie, proboscide palpisque nigro-fuscis, thorace atro, alis limpidis sublanceo- latis, venis pallidis apud costam fuscescentibus, halteribus nigris petiolis flavescentibus, pedibus fulvis nigro-variis ; Mas, antennarum plumis apice albidis, unguibus parvis; Fcem. unguibus longissimis. Long. H-lf ; alar. 2|- 3 lin. Male and Fein. Black, shining. Face, proboscis, and palpi blackish- brown. Thorax deep black. Wings limpid, almost lanceolate ; veins pale, brownish towards the costa. Halteres with yellowish petioles. Abdomen with the first and second segments more or less semitrans- parent, tawny. Legs tawny, more or less varied with black ; first and second joints of the tarsi whitish with black tips ; third, fourth and fifth voi. iv. 2 G 226 CHIHONOMIDjE. black ; third whitish at the base. Male. Plumes of the antennae with glistening- white tips. Ungues short and slender. Plantae with short slender spines. Fern. First and second joints of the palpi often yellow, or pale brown. Antennae occasionally yellow towards the base ; joints from the first to the eighth cylindrical, almost oval; from the ninth to the thirteenth much elongated, elliptical; first joint twice the length of the second. Abdomen more obscure, and much contracted at the base, where as well as at the tip and on the hind borders of the seg- ments there are a few glistening-whitish hairs ; underside with a large subapical tuft of longer black hairs. Ungues stout, long. Plantae beset with five or six pairs of stout spines. Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) Stseger remarks that immediately after pairing the male is the prey of the female, whicb holds its partner with its strongly armed fore-legs, and inserts its proboscis deep into the peristoma, or the opening of the mouth. 50. flavirostris, Winn.! Linn. Eut. vi. 52. 50. pi. 7. f. 50 (1852). Mas et Fcem. niger, nitidus, capite antice subtusque, pectorisque lateribus anticis Jlavis, alls limpidis, venis pallidis, halteribus niveis petiolis albidis, pedibus albo-flavis,femoribus at tibiis posticis tarsorum posticorum articu- lis apice nigris ; Mas, palpis pallid e-fuscescentibus, antennis nigris, abdo- minis apice Jlavo ; Fcem. palpis nigro-fuscis, antennis albidis apices versus fuscescentibus. Long. 1 ; alar. 2 lin. Male and Fern. Black, shining. Head in front and beneath, proboscis, fore sides and fore border of the pectus, and a sti'eak by the base of each wing, yellow. Wrings limpid ; veins pale. Halteres whitish, with snow-white knobs. Legs whitish-yellow ; tips of the hind femora, of the hind tibiae, and of the joints of the hind tarsi, black. Ungues slender, without teeth. Male. Palpi pale brown, very large. Antenna black, with black plumes ; tips of the latter glistening-white. Abdomen with yellow forceps. Fern. Palpi blackish-brotvn. Antenna whitish; first joint cylindrical, twice the length of the second ; the seven following joints more oval, somewhat contracted in the middle; the five last brownish, elongated, cylindrical. Hind femora blackish-brown for some space from their tips. (E.?) 51. illustris, Winn.! Linn. Ent. vi. 53. 51. pi. 7. f. 51 (1852). Fcem. albo- aut flavido-cinereus, capite postico nigro-fusco, proboscide palpisque Jlavis aut pallide fuscis, antennis pallide Jlavis apicibus fuscis, thorace lineis punctisque purpureo -fuscis, scutello Jlavo vittis quatuor fuscis, pectore et metathorace nigro-fiiscis, hoc subtusjlavo-marginato, alls subfuscescentibus, venis nigro-fuscis, abdomine nigro-fusco-nitido, pedibus nigro-fuscis, tarsis Jlavis, femoribus tibiisque posticis incrassatis. Long, f ; alar. If lin. Fern. Head ivith some glistening -white marks arranged in the form of a cross behind the crown ; hind part blackish. Proboscis and palpi yel- low or pale brown ; joints of the latter very long ; second, third, and CERATOPOGOls7. 227 fourth of almost equal length. Antenna pale yellow, slender ; their tips brown ; first joint oval ; joints from the second to the eighth more cylin- drical ; from the ninth to the thirteenth elongated, elliptical. Thorax white or yellowish -grey, with, irregular stripes and many points, of a purplish-brown colour ; the hinder half appearing in some aspects pur- plish-brown, with three white-glistening stripes. Scutellum yellow, with four brown stripes. Metathorax blackish-brown, ivith a yellow border be- neath. Pectus blackish-brown, shining, with a glistening-greyish hue. Wings slightly brownish, appearing whitish when seen on a dark sur- face, with various dark brown spots, limpid at the base and at the tips, and with a limpid spot by the costa, at two-thirds of the length; veins blackish-brown. Halteres white. Abdomen blackish-brown, shining, clothed with white-glistening down ; sutures silvery on each side. Legs blackish-brown; tarsi yellow, their joints with brown tips; fore legs pice- ous-brown, with pale yellow knees and yellowish-white tarsi. Eare. In the collections of Mr. Curtis and Mr. Dale. (E.) 52. copiosus, Winn. ! Linn. Ent. vi. 56. 52. pi. 7. f. 52 (1852). Mas et Foem. niger, nitens, thorace pilis nonnullis nigris, alls limpidis, venis pallide fuscescentibus, halteribus albis fusco-petiolatis, pedibus ni- gro-piceis, tarsis albidis articulis apice obscurioribus, femoribus tibiisque posticis robustis ; Mas, antennarum plumis apice albo-uitentibus. Lon^ l-f; alar. H-2 lin. Black, shining. Thorax with a few black hairs. Wings limpid; veins pale brown. Halteres brown, with white knobs. Abdomen bare. Legs piceous-black ; tarsi whitish, their joints darker towards the tips ; hind femora and hind tibiae more than usually stout. Male. Plumes of the antennae glistening-white towards the tips. Not rare. (E.) 53. gracilis, Hal. Ent. Mag. i. 152 (1833).— dorsalis, Zett. D. Sc. 3644. 19. "Niger, nitidus, scutello flavo, pleuris pedibusque luteis, pos- ticis obscurioribus, alis obscure hyalinis, halteribus albidis." Long. 1^ ; alar. 2f lin. Head dingy yellow ; occiput and vertex fuscous, shining. Eyes black in the dried insect. Palpi slender, fuscous, nearly filiform. Thorax above glossy black or piceous. Scutellum yellow. Pleurae and pectus tawny yellow. Wings smoky hyaline; veins rather darker; the tip of the wing a little pubescent, as well as the veins ; second cubital areolet nearly twice as long as the first ; subapical fork petiolated. Halteres creamy-white, yellowish at the base. Abdomen above piceous, beneath yellowish, except the tip ; the base sometimes rather pellucid yellowish. Legs light yellowish, dusky at the joints ; hind femora (except the base), hind tibiae, and posterior coxae, darker ; hind tibiae ciliated outside. Ungues black. Male. Antennae with the first joint dusky yellow ; the pencil at first with a yellowish gloss, but blackish- brown outwardly. Abdomen rather incrassated at the tip. Ungues small, equal. *fem. Antennae blackish-brown, longer by half than the 228 thorax; the first (large oblate sphseroidal) joint and the base of the second dingy yellowish. Vagina dingy yellowish. Ungues unequal, the longer nearly as long as the claw-joint. I^ound at Holywood. Not very rare in open groves. (I.) Obs. C. gracilis, Winn., has no relation to this species. 54. candidates, Winn.! Linn. Ent. vi. 57. 53. pi. 7. f. 53 (1852). Fcem. ater, obscurus, palpis antennisque nigris, his nigro-hirtis, alls ni- veis, venis pallide fuscescentibus, halteribus niveis, pedibus nigro-fuscis, tarsorum articulis primo et secundo albis. Long. 1 ; alar. 2 lin. Fern. Deep black, not shining. Palpi black. Antenna black, with black verticillate hairs, which are glistening-white on the apical joints ; joints from the first to the eighth cylindrical ; from the ninth to the thirteenth elongated, oval. Wings and halteres snowy-white ; veins pale brownish. Legs blackish-brown; first and second joints of the tarsi white. (E.P) 55. flavipes, Meig. Zw. i. 82. 35 (1818); Staeg.; Winn. ! Linn. Ent. vi. pi. 7. f. 54. — hortulanus, Meig.; Zett. ; Rs. Fcem. niger, ni- tidus, capite postico, facie, palpis, antennisque nigro-fuscis, alis limpidis, veuis a pud costain pallide fuscis, halteribus albidis, capitulis nigris, pedi- bus fulvis nigro-variis. Long, li-lf ; alar. 3 lin. Fern. Black, shining. Hind head, face, palpi, and antennae blackish- brown. First joint of the antennas cylindrical, contracted before and beyond the middle; the following seven joints more oval, contracted only in the middle ; the five last cylindrical, much elongated, somewhat widened at the base of each. Wings limpid; veins pale brown towards the costa. Halteres whitish, icith black knobs. Fore legs tawny ; femora with eight spines ; knees, tips of the tibiae, and tarsi, black ; first tarsal joint tawny, with a black tip; second more or less tawny towards the base. Middle legs tawny; tarsi, apical third part of the femora, and tips of the tibiae, black ; first tarsal joint tawny, with a black tip. Hind legs black ; femora tawny for two-thirds of the length from the base. Ungues short. Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 56. spinipes, Meig. Zw. i. 81. 33 (1818); Winn. ! Linn. Ent. vi. pi. 7. f. 55. Mas, niger, riitidus, capite nigro-fusco, alis limpidis, venis apud costarn fuscis, halteribus albis, abdomine fusco apud apicem nigro, pedibus fulvis, genubus, tibiis apice tarsisque nigris, tarsorum articulis quarto et quinto fuscis, femoribus posticis apices versus nigris. Long. 1 ; alar. 2 lin. Male. Head blackish-broivn. Antennas and their plumes rather paler ; the long apical joints with white-glistening verticillate hairs. Thorax black, shining. Wings limpid ; veins towards the costa brown. Hal- teres white. Abdomen brown, black towards the tip ; forceps very small, with pointed blades. Legs tawny ; knees, tarsi, and tips of the tibiae, black ; fourth and fifth tarsal joints brown ; apical third part of the hind femora black ; fore femora armed with seven spines ; middle fe- CERATOPOGON. 229 mora with one spine ; hind femora with three spines ; ungues short arid slender. Not rare. (E.) 57. brachialis, Hal. Ent. Mag. i. 152 (1833). Mas, " niger, nitidus, antennis puberulis flavidis, alis nudis fusco-hyalinis, halteribus apice nigris, abdomine basi flavido, pedibus luteis, femoribus apice nigris anticis subtus spinulosis. Long, li; alar. 2| lin. " Male. Shining black. Face piceous. Proboscis short and stout. Palpi nearly filiform, dusky yellowish. Antennae dusky yellowish ; the intermediate joints simply pubescent, but the short joints not so strongly separated as in the other species of this genus, forming a nearly linear flagellum. Thorax very large and convex. Wings smoky hyaline, naked, with pale brown veins ; second cubital areolet nearly three times as long as the first. Halteres yellowish, with black tips. Abdomen pitchy, more or less yellowish-pellucid at the base ; beneath yellowish, with the tip pitchy. Hypopygium small. Legs tawny-yellow ; posterior coxae rather dusky ; femora black at the tip ; tarsi dusky at the lip ; hind tibia darker, nearly black at the tip ; hind tarsi rather darker ; ungues small, equal (as usual in the male) ; fore femora stout, armed beneath with black spines (six to ten) ; hind tibiae sparingly and slightly ciliated. " Bare. Pound at Holy wood, generally at the skirts of young larch plantations. (I.) " 06s. C. armipes, Meig. (Zw. vii. 20, 70), resembles this species in many respects, but the halteres are white." — Hal. MSS. 58. distinctus, Hal. Ent. Mag. i. 152 (1833). Fcem. "niger, nitidus, scutello flavo, pleuris pedibusque luteis, posticis obscurioribus, alis nudis hyalinis, halteribus albidis, femoribus apice nigris anticis subtus spinulosis. Long. 1^ ; alar. 3 lin. " Fern. Face dusky yellow. Proboscis stout. Palpi nearly filiform, dusky. Antennae dusky yellow ; first joint large, pitchy black. Thorax above pitchy black. Scutellum yellow. Pleuras tawny-yellow ; a band descending under the wings, and the middle of the mesosternum dusky. Wings nearly hyaline; veins light brownish-yellow; second cubital areolet narrow, more than twice as long as the first; veining nearly as in C.fla- vipes, but the first cubital areolet rather longer. Halteres creamy-white, yellowish at the base. Legs tawny-yellow ; fore femora with the tip only, middle pair to one-fourth, hind pair to one-half, black ; fore tibia? with a blackish dot at the tip ; tarsi dusky at the tip (the last three joints) ; ungues small, equal, with a small tooth at the base (as in C. ferrugineus) ; fore femora stout, armed with black spines beneath (ten, or fewer)."— Hal. MSS. Yery rare. Found at Holywood. (I.) 59. variegatus, Winn. ! Linn. Ent. vi. 59. 57. pi. 7. f. 57 (1852). Mas et Fcem. niger, nitidus, facie, proboscide palpisque fusco-flavis, pec- tore fulvo aut nigro-fusco maculis duabus lateralibus argenteis, alis 230 CHIRONOMID.E. hyalinis subfuscescentibus macula media costali fusca, venis fuscis apud costani nigro-fuscis, halteribus albis, abdomine nigro-fusco, pedibus ful- vis nigro-variis. Long. 1-li ; alar. 2-2^ lin. Male and Fern. Black, shining, almost bare. Face, proboscis, and palpi brownish-yellow, or blackish -brown ; second and fourth joints of the palpi elongated. Thorax and border of the scutellum with a few black bristles. Pectus tawny, blackish-brown on each side, or wholly blackish-brown, with a silvery white spot on each side. Wings hyaline, slightly brownish, with a brown spot on the middle of the costa ; veins stout, brown, almost blackish-brown towards the costa. Halteres white. Abdomen blackish-brown. Legs tawny. Fore legs with the knees, the tips of the tibiae, and the tips of the first and second tarsal joints, black ; third and fourth tarsal joints blackish-brown ; fifth black, with a snow-white band. Posterior legs, with the femora towards the tips, the tips of the tibiae, and the tips of the three first tarsal joints, black ; fourth and fifth joints blackish-brown. Hind tibiae black for one-third or one-half the length from the base. Fourth tarsal joint with a long spine on each side. Male. Ungues long, stout, of equal length. An- terior femora with one spine ; hind femora with two spines. Fern. Darker than the male. Antennae almost two-thirds of the length of the body ; joints from the first to the eighth cylindrical, somewhat contracted in the middle ; from the ninth to the thirteenth much elongated, cylindri- cal, with the base somewhat thickened ; first joint twice the length of the second. Posterior ungues of unequal length. Anterior femora with two spines ; hind femora with three spines. (E..P) 60. ferruginous, Meig. Zw. vi. 265. 58 (1818); Staeg. ; Zett. ; Winn. ! Linn. Ent. vi. pi. 7. f. 58. Fcem.ftdvus, antenriis apices versus fuscis, metathorax inaculis duabus fuscis, alis limpidis, venis apud cos- tarn flavescentibus, halteribus niveis, abdomine pallido, pedibus 'pallide fulvis nigro -fascia tis, fernoribus spinosis. Long. 1-f- ; alar. 3^- lin. Fern. Tawny. Antennae somewhat paler ; joints from the first to the eighth elongate, oval, almost cylindrical, somewhat straightened in the middle, with brown tips ; from the ninth to the thirteenth brown, much elongated, cylindrical, thick at the base. Metathorax with a brown spot, which is intersected by a slender tawny stripe. Wings limpid; veins towards the costa yellowish. Halteres snowy-white. Abdomen in the living insect white, with a yellowish tinge, more or less brownish after death ; fourth and fifth segments generally with a brown spot on each side. Legs pale tawny ; tips of the first, second, and third joints, and the whole of the fourth and fifth joints of the tarsi, black, as are also the tips of the tibiae; fore femora slightly incrassated, armed with three spines ; fore knees and apical third tpart of the posterior femora black, the latter with four spines. Not rare. (E.) 61. serripes, Meig. Zw. i. 82. 34 (1818) ; Winn. ! Linn. Ent. vi. CERATOPOGON. 231 pi. 7. f. 59. Fcem. niger, nitidm, palpis antennisque nigro-fuscis, alis hyalinis subfuscescentibus, venis fuscis, halteribus nigro-fuscis, petiolis sordide albis aut fusco-flavis, femoribus spinosis anticis tarsisque fulvis, liis apice nigris. Long. 1 ; alar. 2 lin. Fern. Black, sltining. Palpi and antennae blackish-brown. Joints of the antennae from the first to the eighth elongate-oval, the first much lengthened before the middle, the following straightened beyond the middle ; the ninth and four following long, elliptical. Wings hyaline, slightly brownish ; veins brown. Halteres blackish-brown, their pe- tioles dingy-white, or brownish-yellow. Tarsi tawny ; fourth and fifth joints black ; anterior femora armed with four spines ; fore femora tawny, occasionally with a black streak, slightly incrassated ; middle femora occasionally tawny towards the base ; hind femora with three spines ; anterior tibiae occasionally brownish. Not rare. (E.) 62. rufipectus, Lincke, MSS. ; Winn. ! Linn. Ent. vi. 62. 60. pi. 7. f. 60 (1852). Fcem. niger, nitidus, capite et antennarum nodis fulvis, palpis fuscescentibus, antennis nigro-fuscis fulvo-cinctis, humeris, pectore et coxis fulvis, alis fuscescentibus apud costam obscurioribus subflaves- centibus, venis fuscis, halteribus albo-flavis, abdomine nigro-fusco, seg- menti priini margine postico flavo, pedibus fulvis nigro-fusco variis. Long. If ; alar. 3^ lin. Fern. Black, shining. Head and beads of the antennae tawny. Palpi brownish ; -second joint large. Antennae blackish-brown ; joints cy- lindrical ; first joint tawny, much elongated along the basal half, con- tracted before the middle; second and six following somewhat con- tracted beyond the middle ; ninth and four following very long, thick at the base. Ilumeri, pectus, and coxae tawny. In front of the wings on each side a large rounded brown spot, which emits a brown streak. Wings brownish, darker and with a yellowish tinge towards the costa ; veins brown. Halteres whitish-yellow. Abdomen blackish-brown ; a slender yellow band on the hind border of each segment. Legs tawny ; tips of the femora and of the tibiae blackish-brown; fourth arid fifth joints of the tarsi black ; hind tibiae brown, blackish-brown at each end ; fore femora incrassated, armed with spines along the whole length beneath ; hind femora slightly incrassated, with one spine near the tip ; plaritae with a stout bristle on the border. Rare. (E.) 63. lineatus, Meig. Zw. i. 80. 30 (1818); Mcq. ; Stasg.; Zett.; Winn.! Linn. Ent. vi. pi. 7. f. 61. Mas et Fcem. pallide cinereus, palpis obscure fuscis basi nonnunquam flavescentibus, thorace vittis maculisque duabus fuscis, metathorace abdomineque nigro-fuscis, hujus incisuris albidis, alis limpidis, venis pallide fuscis, halteribus nigro- fuscis, petiolis pedibusque fulvis, his plus minus ve nigro-fusco variis. Long. 1-1 1 ; alar. 2-3 lin. Male. Head grey. Palpi dark brown ; first and second joints occa- 232 CHIEONOMID^. sionally yellowish; second joint long. Thorax pale grey, with two stripes and two spots of a coffee-brown colour ; the spots are behind the stripes, which are occasionally interrupted. Scutellum sometimes more or less tawny. Metathorax and abdomen blackish-brown, the latter with whitish sutures. Wings limpid ; veins pale brown. Halteres tawny, with blackish-brown knobs. Legs tawny, more or less blackish-brown at the tips of the femora, of the tibia3, and of the joints of the tarsi ; these bands as usual are broader on the femora than on the tibiae, and on the hind legs than on the fore legs ; fore femora armed with seven- teen spines ; middle femora with four ; hind femora with three ; hind plantae with a stout bristle on the side. Male. Antennae blackish- brown, their plumes with a yellowish glistening. Fern. Antennae brown, generally with yellow bands, yellowish at the base; joints from the first to the eighth oval, almost cylindrical; from the ninth to the thir- teenth elliptical, very long; first joint elongated before the middle; second and six following elongated beyond the middle. Wings slightly yellowish towards the costa. Generally distributed. (E.) 64. tibialis, Meig. Zw. i. 82. 36 (1818); Steeg. ; Es. ; Zett. ; Winn. ! Linn. Ent. vi. pi. 8. f. 62. — apicalis? Koser. Fcem. niger, ni- tidus, facie, palpis antennisque nigro-fuscis, alis subfuscescentibus apud costam obscurioribus, venis fuscis apud costam nigro-fuscis, abdomine basi subcontracto, pedibus fulvis, femoribus tibiisque apice fuscis, tarsis albo-fiavis apice nigris, tibiis posticis nigris. Long. 1^ ; alar. 3 lin. Fern. Black, shining. Face, palpi, and antenna blackish-brown ; joints of the latter from the first to the eighth oval, almost cylindrical, somewhat straightened beyond the middle ; from the ninth to the thir- teenth elliptical, much elongated. Wings somewhat brownish, darker towards the costa ; veins brown, blackish-brown in front. Halteres black ; petioles occasionally yellowish-white. Legs tawny ; tarsi whitish- yellow; fourth and fifth joints with black tips, wholly black in the hind tarsi ; anterior knees and tips of the anterior tibiae brown ; hind femora for one-third of the length from the tips, and the whole of the hind tibiae, black ; fore femora and hind femora somewhat incrassated ; fore femora with ten spines, middle femora with two, and hind femora with four ; plantae with five pair of spines ; ungues stout. Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 65. fasciatus, Meig. Zw. i. 79. 27 (1818); Mcq.; Staag.; Blanch.; Zett. ; Winn. ! Linn. Ent. vi. pi. 8. f. 63. — cingulatus, Meig. ; Us. — marginatus, Steph. ; Curt.! B. E. 285. Fcem. pallide cinereus, palpis fulvis aut nigro-fuscis, antennis nigro-fuscis, articulis inferioribus basi saepissime fulvis, thorace vittis tribus fuscis, scutello saepe plus minus ve fulvo, metathorace nigro-fusco, alis hyalinis, venis pallidis apud costam fuscis, halteribus albis, abdomiuis basi apiceque nigro-fuscis, pedibus fulvis plus minusve nigro-fusco variis. Long. 2^ ; alar. 5 lin. Fern. Front and face grey, blackish-grey, or brown. Palpi tawny CERATOPOGON. 233 or blackish-brown, occasionally partly tawny, partly blackish-brown. Antennae blackish-brown ; joints from the first to the fifth or sixth generally tawny at the base ; first joint large, cylindrical, almost oval, contracted before the middle ; second and six following joints elongate- oval, somewhat straitened beyond the middle ; ninth and four following elongated, elliptical. Thorax bluish-ash grey, mouse-grey, or whitish- grey., with three coffee-brown stripes. Scutellum grey, sometimes more or less tawny, Pectus grey or blackish-grey, glistening-hoary. Meta- thorax blackish-brown. Wings limpid, whitish in some aspects; veins pale, brown towards the costa. Halteres white. Abdomen whitish-grey or yellowish-white, first segment wholly, and the following at the base, blackish-brown ; last segment blackish-brown, with a white hind border. Legs tawny ; femora and tibia? more or less blackish-brown towards the tips ; joints of the tarsi with black tips ; plantse with five or six pair of spines; fore femora and hind femora somewhat incrassated; fore femora with twenty-one to thirty spines ; middle femora with seven to twelve spines ; hind femora with eight to sixteen spines. Not common. (E.) 66. femoratus, F. S. A. 45. 35 (1805); Latr.; Meig. ; Staag. ; Mcq. ; Es.; Zett. ; Winn. ! Linn. Ent. vi. pi. 8. f. 64.— morio, F. ; Grmel.; Meig.; Mcq.; Stseg.; Zett. — ater, Meig.; Ks. — rufitarsis, Meig. — armatus, Meig. Mas et Fcem. niger, nitens, alis limpidis aut fusces- centibus, venis albidis aut nigro-fuscis, halteribus albis, pedibus plus minusve fulvo variis, femoribus tibiisque posticis longiusculis, illis in- crassatis et spinosis, tarsis albidis aut fulvis articulis apice obscuriori- bus ; Mas, antennarum pluma apice albo-nitente. Long. 1-li ; alar. 2-2| lin. Male and Jem. Black, shining. Wings limpid-white, occasionally more or less brownish ; veins whitish or brown. Halteres white. Legs often more or less tawny ; tarsi whitish or tawny ; the joints darker towards their tips ; hind femora and hind tibias rather long, the former incrassated, thickly spinose beneath, slightly spinose above. Male. Plumes of the antennae glistening- white towards their tips. Claws slender, of equal length on all the tarsi. Fern. Claws of the anterior tarsi of equal length. Hind tarsi with one claw four times the length of the other. Winnertz describes twelve varieties of this species. Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 67. inflatus, Winn.! Linn. Ent. vi. 71. 65. pi. 8. f. 65 (1852). Mas, ater, nitidus, fronte nigro-obscuro, facie palpisque nigro-fuscis, antennarum plumis apice albidis, alis albidis, venis pallidis apud cos- tarn fuscescentibus, halteribus albis, abdominis segmentis primo, secundo tertioque apiceque albis, pedibus albis, femoribus, tibiis tarsisque apice nigris. Long. £; alar. If lin. Male. Front dull black. Face and palpi blackish-brown. Antenna; and their plumes blackish-browri, the latter with glistening-white tips. VOL. IV. 2 II 234 CHIRONOMID^. Thorax deep black, shining. Wings somewhat whitish ; veins pale, brownish towards the costa. Halteres white. Abdomen black, slightly shining ; first, second, and third segments and tip white. Legs white ; tips of the femora, of the tibise, and of the tarsi, black. (E.?) 68. valvatus, Winn. ! Linn. Ent. vi. 72. 66. pi. 8. f. 66 (1852). Mas, ater, nitidus, capite cqntracto semigloboso, alis limpidis, venis fuscis apud costam validis, forcipibus robustis, tarsorum articulis primo, se- cundo et tertio albis apice nigris. Long. 1 ; alar. 2 liii. Male. Deep black, shining. Head almost semiglobose, more contracted than in any other species. Wings limpid ; veins brown, stout towards the costa. Forceps robust ; the blades pointed, broad at the base. First, second, and third joints of the tarsi white, with black tips. (E.?) 69. gracilipes, Winn.! Linn. Ent. vi. 72. 67. pi. 8. f. 67 (1852). Mas, niger, antennis nigro-fuscis, plumis apice albidis, thorace nitido pube tenui flavida vestito, alis venisque albidis, halteribus nigris, tarsis albis articulis apice nigris, femoribus anterioribus castaneo-fuscis apice flavo-cinctis, tibiis anterioribus nigro-fuscis, femoribus tibiisque posticis nigris. Long. 1^; alar. 2| lin. Male. Black. Antennas and their plumes blackish-brown, the latter with glistening- white tips. Thorax so thinly covered with short yellow- ish down as not to diminish its shining. Wings whitish ; veins whitish. Halteres black. Tarsi white ; their joints with black tips. Anterior femora chestnut-brown, with a slender yellow band at their tips ; ante- rior tibias blackish-brown. Hind femora arid hind tibise black. (E.?) 70. rubiginosus, Winn.! Linn. Ent. vi. 72. 68. pi. 8. f. 68 (1852). Fcem. castaneo-fuscus, facie, pectore et coxis nigricantibus, antennis ob- scure fuscis basi flavido- fuscis, alis subfuscescentibus, venis obscuris apud costam adhuc obscurioribus, halteribus albis, capitulis apice ni- gris, abdomine nigro-fusco nitido, -centre Jlavo apice nigro-fusco, pedibus fusco-flavis, femoribus tibiisque apice nigris, tibiis posticis fere totis nigro-fuscis. Long, li; alar. 2| lin. Fern. Chestnut-brown. Face, pectus, and coxa? blackish. Antennas dark brown, yellowish-brown at the base; first joint longer by half than the second, almost cylindrical; second and six following joints oval ; ninth and fourth following long, elliptical. Thorax with an almost reddish glistening. Wings brownish ; veins, especially those towards the costa, darker than the wings. Halteres white ; tips of the knobs black. Abdomen blackish -brown, shining; underside, excepting the two apical segment*, yellow. Legs brownish-yellow ; tips of the fe- mora and of the tibias black ; hind tibias almost wholly blackish-brown. (E.?) 71. bicolor, Panz. Fn. Germ. ciii. 13 ; Meig. Zw. i. 77. 22 (1818) ; CERATOPOGON. 235 Zett.?; Winn.! Linn. Ent. vi. pi. 8. f. 69. Fcem. canus, antennis albis basi fuscis apices versus nigricantibus, thorace vittis tribus seutelloque fuscis, alis albidis, venis halteribusque albis, abdomine carneo, pedibus albis nigro-fasciatis. Long. 1 ; alar. 2 lin. Fern. Hoary. Palpi white. Antennae white, brown at the base; joints from the first to the eighth oval ; from the ninth to the thirteenth elliptical, blackish. Thorax with three coffee-brown stripes. Scutel- lum brown. Wings whitish ; veins and halteres white. Abdomen flesh-colour, white in the dead insect. Legs white ; joints of the tarsi with black tips ; fore femora with two black bands and with black tips ; fore tibiae with one black band and with black tips ; middle femora black at the base and at the tips ; middle and hind tibiae black at the tips ; hind femora black for half the length from the base, and with black tips. (E.?) 72. venustus, Meig. Zw. i. 78. 24 (1818); Mcq.; Staeg. ; Zett.; Winn.! Linn. Ent. vi. pi. 8. f. 70. — concinnus, Meig.; Zett. Fcem. niger, nitidus, palpis antennisque flavo-albis, his apices versus fuscis, alis parvis limpidis, venis apud costam fuscis, halteribus albis, abdo- mine flavido-albo, pedibus flavis, femoribus tibiis tarsisque apice nigris, tibiis posticis nigro-cinctis. Long, li ; alar. 2^ lin. Fern. Black, shining. Palpi and antennas yellowish-white ; ninth and four following joints of the latter brown. Wings small, limpid, appearing whitish when seen on a dark surface ; veins towards the costa brown. Halteres white. Abdomen yellowish- white. Legs yel- low ; femora, tibiae, and tarsi with black tips ; hind tibiae with a more or less broad black band ; fifth tarsal joint elongated, its onychia bristly. Bare. (E.) 73. signatus, Meig. Zw. i. 74. 16 (1818) ; Stag. ; Zett. ; Winn. ! Linn. Ent. vi. pi. 8. f. 71. Mas et Fcem. ater, palpis albidis, thorace vittis tribus maculisque duabus lateralibus argenteis, alis albidis, venis pallidis apud costam subfuscescentibus, halteribus nigro -fuscis petiolis basi albidis, abdomine uigro-fusco albido-pubescente, pedibus nigro- fuscis, femoribus anterioribus flavo-albo unifasciatis, tibiis flavo-albo bifasciatis, tarsis albis articulis apice nigris ; Mas, antennis nigris plumis aurato-fuscis ; Fcem. antennis albo-fasciatis apices versus totis fuscis. Long, f ; alar. 1^ lin. Male and Fern. Palpi whitish. Thorax deep black, dull, with three silvery ivhite stripes, and on each side icith a silvery-white streak; pectus with two silvery-white spots on each side. Wings whitish ; veins pale, brownish towards the costa. Halteres blackish-brown, ichitish at the base. Abdomen blackish-brown, with short whitish down. Legs black- ish-brown ; anterior femora with a yellowish-white band near each tip ; tibiae with a yellowish-white band at the base and another at the tip ; tarsi white, their joints with black tips ; fore femora with a subapical 236 CHIRONOMIDjE. spine. Male. Antennae black, their plumes brown, gilded. Fern. Joints of the antennae from the first to the eighth oval, with white bands ; from the ninth to the thirteenth brown, elliptical. Eare. (E.) 74. gracilis, Winn. Linn. Ent. vi. 76. 72 (1852). Mas et Fcem. niger, nitidus, palpis albidis, alis albidis, venis pallidis apud costam subfuscescentibus, halteribus nigro-fuscis, petiolis basi albidis, pedibus anterioribus albis nigro-fusco-fasciatis, femoribus tibiisque posticis nigro- fuscis ; Mas, antennis nigris plumis aurato-fuscis ; Fcem. antennis albo- fasciatis apices versus totis fuscis. Long. 1-li ; alar. 2-2^ lin. Male and Fern. Black, shining. Palpi whitish. Wings whitish ; veins pale, brownish towards the costa. Halteres blackish-brown, whitish at the base. Anterior legs white ; apical band of the femora, knees, middle band and tips of the tibiae, and tips of the joints of the tarsi, blackish-brown ; fore femora with a siibapical spine. Hind legs blackish-brown, shining ; femora and tibias yellowish at the base ; tarsi white, their joints with black tips. Male. Antenna black, their plumes brown, gilded. Fern. Joints of the antennas from the first to the eighth oval, with white bands ; from the ninth to the thirteenth brown, ellip- tical. (E.?) 75. ornatus, Meig. Zw. vi. 262. 47 (1830); Winn. Mas et Fcem, ater, capite postico albicante, palpis fusco-flavis, thorace subnitido cine- rascente vittis tribus maculisque duabus lateralibus argenteis, alis albidis, venis pallidis apud costam subfuscescentibus, halteribus albis apice ni- gris, abdomine nigro-fusco aut nigro vix nitido, pedibus flavis fasciis nigro-fuscis, tarsis albis articulis apice nigro-fuscis ; Mas, antennis fuscis, plumis aurato-fuscis ; Fcem. antennis fuscis flavo-cinctis. Long. 1 ; alar. 2 lin. Male and Fern. Hind part of the head glistening-whitish ; two black marks behind the vertex. Palpi brownish-yellow. Thorax deep black, slightly shining, with a dark greyish glistening, adorned with three stripes, and on each side with two spots of a silvery hue. Wings whitish ; veins pale, brownish towards the costa. Halteres white ; the knobs, or the, tips of the knobs, black. Abdomen blackish-brown or black, hardly shining, except at the tip. Legs yellow ; femora and tibia3 with black bands, which are very broad on the hind legs ; tarsi white, their joints with blackish-brown tips ; fore femora with a spine beneath towards the tips. Male. Antennas brown, their plumes gilded-brown. Fern. Joints of the antennas from the first to the eighth oval, yellow towards the base, brown towards the tips ; from the ninth to the thirteenth elliptical, brown. Not common. (E.) 76. albipes, Winn.! Linn. Ent. vi. 77. 74. pi. 8. f. 72 (1852). Mas, ater, nitidus, antennarurn plumis- apice albidis, alis albis, venis pallidis apud costam pallide fuscesccntibus, halteribus nigris, larsorum CERATOPOGON. 237 articulis primo secundo tertioque albis apice nigris. Long, £ ; alar. If lin. Male. Deep black, shining. Antennse and their plumes black, the latter glistening- white at the tips. Wings white ; veins pale, pale brown towards the costa. Halteres black. First, second, and third joints of the tarsi ivhite, with black tips. Fore femora with three spines beneath towards the tips. (E.?) 77. solstitialis, Winn. ! Linn. Ent. vi. 78. 75. pi. 8. f. 73 (1852). — circumdatus ? Stasg. ; Zett. Mas et Fcem. cinereus, palpis antennisque fuscis, thorace vittis quatuor fuscis, alis hyalinis subfuscescentibus, venis pallide fuscis apud costam obscurioribus, halteribns fuscis, petiolis sor- dide albis, tarsis albis articulis apice fuscis ; Mas, abdomine fusco, pedibus flavescentibus fusco-cinctis ; Fcem. abdomine nigro-fusco incisuris albidis, pedibus albo-flavis fusco-cinctis. Long, 1-1^ ; alar. 2-2|- lin. Male and Fern. Palpi and antennas brown. Thorax grey, with four brown stripes. Wings hyaline, brownish ; veins pale brown, darker towards the costa. Halteres dingy white, with brown knobs. Tore femora with four spines beneath towards the tips ; tarsi white, their joints with brown tips. Male. Head black ; vertex with a glistening- white dot. Plumes of the antenna very thick, brown, tinged with glis- tening-yellow. Abdomen brown. Legs yellowish ; tips of the femora and of the tibias brown ; femora with a brown band near the tips ; tibiae with a brown band before the middle. Fern. Head brown, with white hairs above. Joints of the antennas from the first to the eighth oval, their clubs often yellow ; from the ninth to the thirteenth elongated, elliptical. Thorax with a glistening-hoary tinge. Wings darker than those of the male. Abdomen blackish-brown, with whitish sutures, some- what straitened at the base and at the tip. Legs whitish-yellow ; femora and tibiae with black tips, the former with a brown band near the tips, the latter with a brown band near the base. Yar. Male. Hind femora and hind tibias brown for one-third of the length from the tips. Yar. Fern. Hind femora blackish-brown for one-third of the length from the tips. Hind tibias blackish-brown for half the length from the base. (E.?) 78. nobilis, Winn.! Linn. Ent. vi. 79. 76. pi. 8. f. 74 (1852). Fcem. fulvus, palpis flavis, antennis apices versus fuscis, thoracis disco argenteo-cinereo vittis duabus fuscis, alis, venis halteribusque albis, pe- dibus albo-flavis nigro-cinctis, posticis nigris albo-flavo-cinctis. Long. H; alar. 3 lin. Fern. Tawny. Palpi yellow. Joints of the antennas oval, with brown- ish-yellow clubs ; from the ninth to the thirteenth long, elliptical, brown ; first joint longer by half than the second, contracted before the middle. Disc of the thorax grey, with a silvery tinge on a tawny ground, and with two coffee-brown stripes. Wings, veins, and halteres white. Legs whitish-yellow ; fore femora blackish-brown at the tips, near which there 238 CHIUONOMIDjE. is a blackish-brown band ; fore tibiae blackish-brown at the base and at the tips, and with a blackish-brown band near the base ; middle femora and middle tibiae with black tips, the latter black also at the base ; hind femora and hind tibiae black, each with a whitish-yellow middle band ; fore femora with three spines ; middle femora with one spine. (E.?) 79. tseniatus, n. Hal. MSS. Icem. " cinereus, opacus, thorace fusco-quadrilineato, alis nudis obscure hyalinis, areola cubitali unica, halteribus albidis, abdomine albido vittis tribus piceis intermedia in- terrupta, pedibus anterioribus feiTiigineis fusco-annulatis, posticis nigris ferrugineo-annulatis, femoribus anticis subtus bispinosis. Long. 1 J ; alar. 3 lin. " Fern. Head dusky-cinereous. Orbit behind the eyes ciliated with black. Eyes coppery or brassy (in life). Palpi and antennas blackish- brown. Antenna? scarcely as long as the thorax ; first joint large, black ; second short-obconical, thicker and longer by half than the third ; those which follow globose, then rather ovate; five last elongate-elliptical. Thorax cinereous opaque, very delicately and thickly pubescent with dusky, marked in front with two dark brown lines abbreviated at the depression (before the scutellum), besides a fainter line on each side abbreviated in front, and connected (as usual) with some small spots there. Scutellum pitchy, a little glossy at the tip. Wings naked, ob- scure hyaline, with the thicker veins light yellowish ; one cubital areolet ; first externo-medial vein nearly interstitial, scarcely retracted. Halteres pale yellowish. Abdomen dingy- white, with an interrupted band down the middle (or a series of spots), and an entire band down each side, blackish-brown. Legs thickly pubescent with dusky ; fore femora black, pitchy at the base, with two spines below near the middle ; fore tibiae dark ferruginous, with the base and tip and a ring (sometimes obsolete) before the middle dusky ; fore tarsi dusky, with the first two joints ferruginous except the tip ; middle legs similarly marked, only the femora towards the base are more clearly ferruginous ; the base itself dusky, and the middle ring of the tibia? is wanting ; hind femora black at the base, then ferruginous for about half their length, the tip largely black ; tibiae black, with a broad ferruginous band, ciliated externally ; tarsi with the basal joints more obscurely ferruginous ; ungues within armed with a very minute tooth. Conf. C. circumdatus, Zett. D. Sc. 3658. 41. " Found at Toome Bridge, Antrim, Deny. (I.) " Obs. C. solstitialis, Winn., differs by the halteres being dusky at the tip, by the colour of the abdomen, and by the pale tarsi, with black joints."— Hal. MSS. Var. ? " Thorace cinereo fusco-bilineato, antennis palpis scutelloque fusco-ferrugineis, pedibus ferrugineis fusco-annulatis, halteribus abdo- mineque albidis, alis nudis hyalinis, areola cubitali unica, femoribus anticis subtus parce spinulosis. Long. 1-^ ; alar. 3 lin. CERATOPOGON. 239 " Found in September at Newcastle, county Down ; banks of River Doddey, Firhouse, Dublin, on the sand-hills." — Hal. MSS. In Mr. Haliday's collection. (I.) 80. flavipalpis, Winn. ! Linn. Ent. vi. 80. 77. pi. 8. f. 75 (1852). Fcm. niger, nitidus, palpis flavis, alis hyalinis subfuscescentibus, venis apucl costam fuscis, halteribus basi flavescentibus, pedibus nigro-fuscis, tibiis interraediis flavo-cinctis, tarsis albis articulis apice nigris. Long. 1 ; alar. 2 lin. Fern. Black, shining. Palpi yellow. Antennae shining-black ; joints from the first to the eighth oval, brown at the base ; from the ninth to the thirteenth long, elliptical; first joint longer by half than the second, contracted in the middle. Wings slightly brownish ; veins towards the costa brownish. Halteres black, their petioles yellowish at the base. Anterior femora yellowish-brown with blackish-brown tips ; hind femora blackish-brown ; fore tibiae brown ; posterior tibia? blackish-brown ; middle tibia3 with a yellow band near the tips ; tarsi white, their joints with black tips; fore femora armed beneath with four spines. (E.?) 81. calceatus, n. Hal. MSS. "Nigricans, opacus, thorace cano- bilineato, alis nudis albido-hyalinis, areola cubital! unica, halteribus apice fuscis, femoribus anticis subtus bispinosis, tarsis basi albidis. Long. \\ ; alar. 2f lin. " Opaque black. Palpi nearly filiform, blackish-brown. Antennas scarcely as long as the thorax ; second joint short, obscure, the follow- ing globose, then ovate, the last five elongate-elliptical. Thorax above in front with two faint hoary lines, abbreviate at the depression in front, curved (somewhat brokenly) to join the anterior lateral margin, which also is glossed with grey (shifting with the light). Wings whitish- hyaline, naked ; the veins very pale yellowish, almost white ; one cubi- tal areolet, which has its radial and costal (the two anterior) sides about equal. Halteres dusky ferruginous, with dark brown tips. Legs black, or pitchy, the first three joints of the tarsi pale-yellowish, or dingy- white, with a dusky dot at the joints ; fore femora stouter, with two spines below between the middle and the tip ; hind tibiae not strongly ciliated ; ungues with a very minute tooth at the base inside. " Found at Toome Bridge (connecting the counties Antrim and Derry) over the Bann river, near its issue from Lough Neagh. (!.)»— Hal. MSS. " It resembles the following species, which however may be dis- tinguished from it by the characters here mentioned : — " C. oj/lnis, Zett. D. Sc. 3656. 37; and C. terreus, Meig. Zw. i. 85. 44. Ground-colour of the thorax grey, the dark colour restricted to the ordinary lines. 240 CHIRONOM1D/E. " C. valvatus, Winn. Glossy. Wings with dark veins ; cubital areolet more elongated. " C. gracilipes, Winn. Cubital areolet shorter at the costa. " C. albipes, Winn. Glossy. Cubital and radial veins near at the end. " C. pratensis, Meig. Z\v. vi. 264 ; and C.flamtarm, Stseg. ; Zett. D. Sc. 3663. Glossy black."— Hal. MSS. 82. pictus, Meig. Zvv. i. 80. 29 (1818).— elegans, Winn.! Linn. Ent. vi. 58. 56. pi. 7. f. 56. Fcetn. schistaceo-cinereus, facie nigro-cinerea, thorace Vittis tribus fuscis, alis lacteis, halteribus albis apice fuscesceri- tibus, abdomine flavido-albo basi fasciisque nigro-fuscis, pedibus nigro- fuscis, tibiis anticis albo-fasciatis, tarsis albis articulis apice nigris. Long. 2 ; alar. 3f lin. Male. " Broader than any other species of the genus. Face, palpi, and antenna? fuscous. Face shining. Occiput opaque fuscous, with grey bloom. Antennae clothed only with fine pubescence (not feathered), scarcely longer than the breadth of the head ; first joint globose, blackish, with a white apical edge; second obconical, longer than the third, yellowish at the base ; following joints oblong ; the next a little more slender, ovate ; the last three ovate, twice as long and broad as those which precede. Pronotum dull ferruginous, with white gloss. Thorax dark brown, opaque, with hoary bloom. Mesonotum with three broad rust-brown bands, confluent on the back, leaving a patch at each an- terior angle, and a line in front (dividing the middle band) of the lighter grey ground-colour. Wings naked, whitish-hyaline; anterior veins pale yellowish, the rest colourless ; two cubital areolets, second about twice as long as the first ; second branch of prsebrachial vein arising before the transverse veinlet. Halteres creamy; base tawny. Abdomen glossy, pitchy ; anterior segments somewhat diaphanous, with the base darker and forming a sinuated transverse band ; hind edge of posterior segments creamy-white. Hypopygium blackish, much nar- rower than the abdomen ; the joints of nearly equal length ; first joint much thicker, conical; second slightly curved, linear, not acute, be- tween them a bilobed process exceeding the tip of the ventral plate. Legs piceous; femora with some minute spines towards the tips beneath; fore pair thickest ; hind tibia? very faintly ciliated ; basal joints of the tarsi yellowish, with dusky tips ; terminal joints almost entirely dusky ; last joint not so long as the two preceding together, armed towards the tip beneath with two spines. Onychia obsolete." — Hal. MSS. Rare. Two specimens of the male found by Mr. Haliday in July near Bexley, in Kent? (E.) " In my descriptions of Ceratopogon, the first externo-median vein mentioned is not the subapical; but the first, not particu- larly named, which lies next behind it, and in Ceratopogon usually springs from the subapical a little beyond the end of the prsebra- chial areolet, so as to form the first (petiolated) fork of the two CLUNJO. 241 which run out on the hind margin ; the second being formed by the subanal springing from the pobrachial vein. At other times the first extern o-median arises exactly at the end of the prsebra- chial areolet ("interstitial"), or else (as in most with one entire cubital areolet) from the prsebrachial vein, a little before the end of the areolet. I have treated the two strong veins behind the costal as radial and cubital, and the faint vein before them as sub- costal (supposing the mediastinal to be obliterated). But if the faint trace of a forked vein towards the apex of the wing figured by Winnertz in a few, is not (as I suppose) a spurious vein, it would be the cubital, and my cubital would = the true radial, and my radial would = the subcostal, and my subcostal would = the inediastmal."-— //^. MSS. Genus V. CLUNIO. CLUNIO, Haliday, Nat. Hist. Review, ii. Proc. 62 (1855). " Mas. Proboscis obsoleta. Antennae 1 1-articulatae, articulis tertio et ultimo elongatis. Alae alutaceae, venis duabns furcatis, transversis nullis. " Male. Proboscis obsolete. Antennae eleven-jointed ; third and eleventh joints elongated. Wings adiaphanous, with two forked veins ; no transverse veins. " 1. marixms, Hal. Nat. Hist. Eev. ii. Proc. 62. pi. 2. f. 4 (1855). Mas, obscure ferrugineus, antennis, alls, halteribus pedibusque sordide albis, thoracis lateribus anticis scutelloque flavescentibus. Long, £ ; alar. If lin. " Male. Dusky ferruginous. Head rounded, inflected to the praester- num. Mouth obsolete. Eyes rounded; distant above, approximate beneath, the antennae. Antennae, wings, halteres, and legs dingy white. Antennae eleven-jointed, shorter than the thorax; the short joints rather dusky; the basal joints subglobose; the terminal ovate; the third and last elongate, this elliptical. Thorax projecting over the head ; scutellum and sides of the thorax before the wings pale yellowish; mesonotum divided by two parallel sutures, with an elevated line down the middle, and a depression before the convex semicircular scutellum ; metathorax very short ; mesosternum gibbous. Wings adiaphanous, naked, except the pubescent margin ; praebrachial vein bifurcated about the middle, embracing the apex with its branches ; pobrachial forked near the margin, with the hinder branch (or the subanal vein) recurved, ending at the posterior margin ; radial-cubital vein fainter between the praebrachial and the costa, ending at about the middle of the latter ; anal vein simple. Abdomen dusky, with nacreous gloss, shorter than the thorax, dilated backwards ; the segments linear-transverse. Hypo- VOL. TV. 2 T 242 CULICID^E. pygium as long as the abdomen, and thicker; lateral arms massive, oblong, with a smaller malleoliform piece articulated to the end ; below them an oblong plate, rounded at the tip. Legs of moderate length ; fore pair distorted at the base; coxae ferruginous; extreme base of the tibiae blackish ; tarsi shorter than the tibiae ; anterior pairs with the first joint long, the following three very short ; hind pair with the third joint also elongated. " Inhabits the sea-coast, among the moist gravel bared by the ebbing tide ; walks about with the wings raised, and half expanded, in constant vibration, but without taking flight, as far as ob- served/'— Haliday. July. Holywood (Down) ; Yalentia Ferry (Kerry). (I.) FAMILY VII. CULICID^E. CULTCID^E, Steph. Syst. Cat. ii. 232 (1829); Curt.; Westw. ; Hal. Tipularice culiciformes p., Meig. Culicides, Latr. ; Mcq. ; Zett. Cu- licina p., Newm. Culicina, Agass. Culicince, Rond. Ocelli nulli. Mesothoracis scutum integrum. Alae oblongae, incum- bentes, apice rotundatae; margo posticus squamis fimbriatus; vena costalis circum marginem posticum attenuata ; venae apicales plus- quam sex. Ocelli none. Scutum of the mesonotum undivided. Wings and halteres developed. Wings oblong, rounded at the tip, incumbent; hind margin fringed with scales ; costal vein attenuated round the hind margin ; veins in their last subdivisions more than six. This family contains the five following genera : — a. Proboscis long, with mandibles and maxillae. b. Palpi short in the female. c. Palpi short in the male. 1. AEDES. c c. Palpi long in the male. 2. CULEX. b b. Palpi long in the male and the female. 3. ANOPHELES. a a. Proboscis short, without mandibles or maxillae. b. Metatarsus longer than the second joint. 4. CORETHRA. b b. Metatarsus shorter than the second joint. 5. MOCHLONYX. Genus I. AEDES. AEDES, Hoffm. ; Meig. Zw. i. 13 (1818); Mcq.; Staeg. : Zett. Corpus elongatum, parvum, pubescens. Caput parvum. Oculi trans- versim lunati, supra antennas conjuncti. Proboscis porrecta, an- tennarum longitudine. Palpi brevissimi. Antennae 14-articulatae, porrectse, filiformes, thoracis longitudine. Thorax subconvexus, CULEX. 243 antice paullo depressus. Alee angustas, elongatas, incumbentes, ab- dominis longitudine, apud venas squamosas. Abdomen pilosulum, thorace duplo longius. Pedes graciles, sat longi, subnudi, inermes ; tibias tenuiter spinulosas, ungues parvi. Mas. Antennas plumosse. Forceps analis modice longa. Fcem. Antennas breviter pilosas. For- ceps analis brevis. Body elongate, small, pubescent. Head small. Eyes transversely lunate, connected above the antennas. Proboscis porrect, as long as the antennas. Palpi very short. Antennas fourteen-jointed, porrect, filiform, as long as the thorax. Thorax slightly convex, rather de- pressed in front. Wings elongated, narrow, incumbent, as long as the abdomen ; veins fringed with scales, similar in structure to those of Culex. Halteres small. Abdomen slender, slightly pilose, twice the length of the thorax. Legs slender, unarmed, rather long, nearly bare ; tibias minutely spinulose; ungues small. Male. Antennas plumose. Anal forceps moderately long. Fern. Antennas pilose; hairs short. Anal forceps short. The only known species of this genus frequents marshy spots, and the larva is probably aquatic. 1. cinereus, Hoffm.; Meig. Zw. i. 13. 1 (1818)- Mcq.; Stasg. ; Zett. ; Lehm. Cinereus, thorace rufo-hirto, alis immaculatis, femori- bus pallidioribus. Long. 2-2|; alar. 4 lin. Eare. Found by the Rev. Leonard Jenyns, in Cambridgeshire, and by Mr. Haliday in the county of Cork. (E. I.) Genus II. CULEX. CULEX, Meig. Zw. i. 1 (1818) ; Steph. ; Curt. ; Mcq. ; Westw. ; Zett. ; Stasg. Culex p., L. ; F. ; D. G. ; Schr. Corpus elongatum, mediocre, pubescens. Caput parvum. Oculi trans- versim lunati, supra antennas conjunct!. Proboscis porrecta, anten- nis paullo longior. Palpi porrecti, 5-articulati. Antennas 14-arti- culatas, porrectas, filiformes, thoracis lougitudine. Thorax elongatns, subconvexus. Scutellum parvum. Alas angustas, elongatas, lanceo- latas, incumbentes, apud venas squamosas, abdominis longitudine. Abdomen angustum, segmentis octo, thorace duplo longius. Pedes longi, graciles, subnudi, inermes ; coxas breves ; tibias tenuiter spi- nulosas; tarsi postici prassertim longissimi; ungues parvi. Mas. Palpi proboscide paullo longiores. Antennas verticillato-plumosas. Fcem. Palpi brevissimi. Antennas breviter verticillato-pilosas. Body elongated, pubescent, brown, grey, or testaceous, of moderate size. Head small. Eyes transversely lunate, connected above the an- tennas. Proboscis porrect, a little longer than the antennas. Palpi five-jointed, porrect. Antennas fourteen-jointed, porrect, filiform, as long as the thorax. Thorax elongated, slightly convex. Scutellum 244 CULICID^i. small. Wings narrow, elongated, lanceolate, incumbent, as long as the abdomen ; veins fringed with scales ; mediastinal vein ending beyond two-thirds of the length of the wing ; subcostal ending at a little in front of the tip ; radial emerging from the subcostal at before half the length of the wing, forked beyond half its length, its hind fork ending at the tip of the wing ; cubital proceeding from the praebrachial trans- verse veinlet ; subapical forked towards its tip ; praebrachial, subanal, and anal complete ; subaxillary not reaching the border. Areolets fourteen, — the subcostal, the mediastinal, two radial, the cubital, two subapical, the praebrachial, the pobrachial, two externo-medial, the anal, the axillary, and the subaxillary. Posterior margin much excavated, and forming an acute angle at the base. Halteres rather small. Ab- domen with eight segments, rather narrow, about twice the length of the thorax. Legs long, slender, unarmed, nearly .bare ; coxae short ; tibiae minutely spinulose; tarsi very long, especially the hind pair; ungues small. Male. Palpi a little longer than the proboscis. Anten- nae verticillate-plumose. Fern. Palpi very short. Antennae verticillate- pilose ; hairs short. Eggs elongated, oval, with a small and narrow knot at the top, deposited side by side in small masses. Larva aquatic. Head distinct, rounded, with two inarticulate antennae and some cili- ated appendages. Thorax furnished with bundles of hairs. Abdomen long, nearly cylindrical, much narrower than the thorax, with ten seg- ments ; on the eighth a long respiratory organ, which is radiated at the tip ; the tenth terminated by setoe, and by five slender conical plates. Pupa active, much curved, swimming by means of the tail and of two terminal natatorial organs ; its organs of respiration consisting of two tubular horns on the thorax. Abdomen terminated by two slender oval plates. " The pupa usually remains suspended with the posterior end of the body turned downwards ; but when the period for its change is arrived, it stretches it out upon the surface above which its thorax is elevated. Scarcely has it been a moment in this position than, swelling out the interior and anterior parts of the thorax, it causes it to split between the two respiratory horns. Through this open- ing the anterior part of the gnat then emerges. As soon as the head and trunk are disengaged, it proceeds with its labour, and gets out more and more, elevating itself by means of its abdo- minal segments. Numbers now perish, their boats being upset by the wind ; but the gnat that escapes, having fixed itself thus perpendicularly, draws first its two anterior legs out of their case and moves them forward, and next the middle pair ; then inclining itself towards the water, it rests its legs upon it. As soon as it is thus upon the water, it is in safety ; its wings unfold themselves and are dried, and it flies away. The lancets are finer than a hair, very sharp, and barbed occasionally on one side. It is furnished CULEX. 245 near the end of its body with an organ which varies in length according to the species, and forms an angle with the last segment but one. The mouth of this organ is tunnel-shaped, and termi- nates in five points, like a star ; and by this it is usually suspended at the surface of the water, and preserves its communication with the atmosphere. In its interior is a tube which is connected with the trachea, and terminates in several openings at the mouth of the organ. The points of the mouth, when the animal is disposed to sink in the water, are used to close it, and cut off its commu- nication with the atmosphere. When the animal is immersed, a globule of air remains attached to the end of the tube, so that it is in fact of less specific gravity than that element, and it is not without some effort that it descends to the bottom ; but when it wishes to rise again, it has only to unclose the tube, and it rises without an effort to the surface, and remains suspended for any length of time. Its anal extremity is clothed with bunches of hairs, which are furnished with some repellent material which prevents their becoming wet, and probably causes the dimple or depression of the water round the mouth of the tube. When the larva becomes a pupa, instead of a single respiratory appendage, it is furnished with a pair, each in shape resembling a cornucopia, and proceeding from the upper side of the thorax. By these tu- bular horns it respires and is suspended at the surface/' This genus, the Gnat or Mosquito, is too well known, from the blood-sucking propensity of .the female, to require any particular notice. It is plentiful in all countries, whether arctic or tropical, which abound in wood and water. The female lays about three hundred eggs; nearly a month intervenes between the egg-state and the fly-state, and there are several successive generations in one year. " Immense swarms of some species have occasionally appeared in England, and at a distance have been mistaken for columns of smoke. Gnats emit no sound when flying early in the spring, before their thirst for blood is awakened. The warmer the wea- ther, the greater is their thirst for blood, the more forcible their flight, the motion of their wings more rapid, and the sound pro- duced by that motion more intense." a. Tarsi with pale bands. b. Veins of the wings with five tufts of scales. Species 1. b b. Veins of the wings not tufted. Species 2-4. a a. Tarsi without bands. b. Kuees with white spots. Species 5. b b. Knees without spots. Species 6-9. 246 1. annulatus, F. Mant. Ins. ii. 363. 2 (1787); Gmel. ; Vill. ; Lam. ; Latr. ; Meig. ; Steph. ; Mcq. ; Zett. ; Gim. ; Stasg. — affims, Steph. Fuscus, thorace vittis duabus nigricantibus, alls subcinereis nigro quinquefasciculatis, abdornine fasciis albidis, pedibus testaceis, tarsis fasciis albidis. Long. 3|-4 ; alar. 6-6| lin. Brown. Proboscis testaceous, brown towards the tip. Thorax with two blackish stripes. Wings slightly greyish ; veins and borders fringed with black scales, which form five tufts on the forks of the veins. Ab- domen with a whitish band on the fore border of each segment. Legs dull testaceous ; femora and tibiae irregularly marked with black, their tips black ; tarsi black, with five whitish bands. Male. Palpi blackish, testaceous from a little beyond the middle to the tips, with a whitish band a little before the middle. Antennas whitish, with black bands and tips. Fern. Antennas black. Generally distributed. Frequents houses. (E. S. I.) 2. cantans, Hoffm. ; Meig. Zw. i. 6. 6 (1818); Steph.; Mcq.; Zett. ; Gim. ; Stasg. — maculatus, Meig. ; Steph. Ferrugineus, thorace vittis duabus fuscis, alls sublimpidis, abdomine nigro-fusco fasciis albidis, pedibus testaceis, tarsis nigris albo-fasciatis. Long. 3^-4 ; alar. 6-6£ lin. Ferruginous. Thorax with two brown stripes. Pectus with whitish tomentum. Wings nearly limpid ; veins and borders fringed with brown scales. Abdomen blackish-brown ; a ichitish band on the fore border of each segment. Legs testaceous, pubescent ; tarsi black, with a white band at the base of each joint ; metatarsus mostly testaceous. Male. Palpi testaceous, with two whitish bands, black, and with black hairs towards the tips. Antennas whitish, with black bands and tips. Ab- domen whitish along each side. Fern. Antennas brown, testaceous to- wards the base. Not common. (E.) 3. annulipes? Meig. Zw. vi. 241. 15 (1830); Gim.; Stasg. ; Zett. Mas, nigro-fuscus, alis sublimpidis, abdomine fasciis albidis, pedibus tes- taceis, tarsis fuscis albo-fasciatis. Long. 2^ ; alar. 4 lin. Male. Blackish-brown. Palpi blackish, with two white bands. An- tennas whitish, with black bands and tips. Thorax with pale down. Pectus with whitish tomentum. Wings nearly limpid ; veins and bor- ders fringed with brown scales. Abdomen blackish-brorcn ; a whitish band on the fore border of each segment, dilated angularly on each side. Legs testaceous ; tarsi brown, with a white band at the base of each joint. Bare. In the British Museum. (E.) This species much re- sembles C. cantans, but is smaller, the legs are more slender, and the tarsi proportionately much longer. 4. fumipennis, Steph. Zool. Journ. i. 453. 5 (1825). Fcem. rufo- testaceus, thoracis dorso fmco subvittato, alis subcinereis, abdomine fusco, CULEX. 247 fasciis ventreque testaceis, pedibus testaceis, tarsis nigricantibus fasciis albidis. Long. 4 ; alar. 6^ lin. Fern. Reddish-testaceous. Thorax above brown, indistinctly striped. Antennae brown, with a whitish band at the tip of each joint. Wrings slightly greyish ; veins brown, fringed with brown hairs. Abdomen brown, testaceous beneath and on the fore border of each segment. Legs testaceous ; femora and tibiaB with blackish tips ; tarsi blackish, with a whitish band at the base of each joint. Bare. In the British Museum. (E.) This species much re- sembles C. cantans, but may be easily distinguished by the much greater length of the fork of the subapical vein. 5. nemorosus, Meig. Zw. i. 4. 3 (1818); Steph.; Mcq.; Zett.; Gim. ; Sta3g. — reptans, Meig. Klass. — -fasciatus, Meig. Klass. — gutta- tus? Meg.; Meig.; Curt.! B. E. 537.— ornatus? Hoffm. ; Meig.; Mcq. ; Staeg. ; Zett. — lateralis ? Meg. ; Meig. ; Gim. — sylvaticus, Meig. ; Steph. Nigricans, thorace fasciis duabus albidis, alis cinereis, abdomine fasciis aut maculis lateralibus albis, pedibus nigris, femoribus testaceis apice nigris, genubus albo-punctatis. Long. 3-3^ ; alar. 5-6 lin. Blackish. Thorax with two whitish stripes. Wings grey ; veins black, fringed with black hairs. Legs black ; femora pale testaceous, black towards the tips ; a snow-white spot on each knee. Male. Palpi testaceous towards the base. Fern. Colours more marked, legs stouter than those of the male. Lancets testaceous. Abdomen with white bands, which are generally more or less interrupted in the middle, and form triangular spots on each side. Inhabits woods, and does not infest houses like C. annulatus and C. ciliaris. (E.) 6. detritus, Hal. Ent. Mag. i. 151 (1833). Nigro-fuscus, alis nigro-squamosis, abdomine pallido-annulato, venire luteo trifariam fusco- punctato, femoribus basi luteis. Long. 2|-3 ; alar. 4^-5 lin. Blackish-brown. Disc of the thorax nearly bare. Wings thickly clothed icith dusky black scales. Abdomen with pale bands ; under side pale, with three rows of brown punctures. Femora luteous at the base. " In multitudes during the day among hedges on the sea-coast ; in the evening, in columns about the tops of trees, appearing like smoke at the distance of a furlong. It is attached particularly to water-cuts in the neighbourhood of the sea. The reddish gnat (C. ciliaris, L.) is more general, and enters more into houses, but I have not observed it in such clouds as C. detritus.3' — Hal. MSS. 7. ciliaris, L. S. N. 2. 1002. 2 (1767); Schr. ; Gmel. ; Zett.— pipicus, Geoff. ; Vill. ; Schr. ; Meig. ; Steph. ; Mcq.— rufus ? Hoffm. ; Meig. ; Steph. — domesticus ? Germ. ; Meig. ; Steph. Ferrugineus, tho- race vittis duabus canis, alis subcinereis, abdomine fasciis testaceis, pedibus testaceis, tarsis fuscis. Long. 2£-3 ; alar. 4^-5 lin. 248 Ferruginous. Proboscis testaceous, black towards the tip. Thorax with two hoary stripes. Wings very slightly greyish ; veins brown, fringed with brown hairs. Abdomen icith a testaceous band on the fore border of each segment. Legs testaceous ; tarsi brown. Male. Palpi testa- ceous, black towards the tips. Antennae testaceous, with black rings. Fern. Palpi and antennae black. Abdominal bands narrower and more clearly marked than those of the male. The House Gnat. Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 8. bicolor, Meg,; Meig. Zw. i. 9. 13 (1818); Steph.; Gim.— flamrostris, Steph. — punctatus, Meig.?; Gim.?; Steph. — marg'malis, Steph. Fcem. Ferrugineus, thoracis dorso fusco, alis sublimpidis, abdo- mine testaceo suturis nigricantibus, pedibus testaceis, tibiis tarsisque fuscis. Long. 3 ; alar. 5^—6 lin. Fern. Ferruginous. Antennae blackish. Thorax brown above, with pale down. Wings nearly limpid ; veins brown, and fringed with brown hairs. Abdomen testaceous ; sutures of the segments blackish. Legs tes- taceous ; tibiae and tarsi brown ; posterior tibiae testaceous about the middle. Not rare. (E.) 9. lutescens, F. Sp. Ins. ii. 470 (1781); Vill. ; Gmel.; Meig.; Steph. ; Gim. Testaceus, thoracis dorso ferrugineo vittis duabus obscu- rioribus, alis Impidis. Long. 3 ; alar. 5^-6 lin. Testaceous. Proboscis black towards the tip. Thorax above ferru- ginous, with two darker stripes. Wings limpid, with a pale yellowish tinge in front ; veins pale. Male. Palpi black towards the tips. An- tennae with black rings. Fern. Palpi and antennae black. Not rare. (E.) This and C. licolor may be varieties of one species, or both may be varieties of C. ciliaris. Genus III. ANOPHELES. ANOPHELES, Meig. Zw. i. 10 (1818); Steph.; Curt.; Mcq. ; Hal.; Zett. ; Westw. ; Staeg. ; Loew. Culex p., L. ; F. ; Schr. ; Gmel.; Meig. Kl. Corpus elongatum, mediocre, pubescens. Caput parvum. Oculi trans- versim lunati, supra antennas conjuncti. Proboscis porrecta, antennis paullo longior. Palpi porrecti, proboscidis longitudine. Antennae 14- articulatae, porrectae, filiformes, thorace vix breviores. Thorax elon- gatus, subconvexus, ante scutellum impressus. Scutellum parvum. Alae angustae, elongatae, lanceolatae, incumbentes, apud venas squa- mosae, abdominis longitudine. Abdomen angustum, segmentis octo, thorace duplo longius. Pedes longissimi, gracillimi, subnudi, inermes ; coxae breves ; tibiae tenuiter spiuulosae ; tarsi postici praBsertim lon- gissimi; ungues parvi. Mas. Palpi 5-articulati ; articuli quartus et ANOPHELES. 249 quinius dilatati, ad latera reflexi. Antennae plumosae. Fcem. Palpi 4-articulati, simplices, recti, subnudi. Antennas breviter pilosae. Body elongated, pubescent, grey or testaceous, of moderate size. Head small. Eyes transversely lunate, connected above the antennae. Proboscis porrect, a little longer than the antennae. Palpi porrect, as long as the proboscis. Antennae fourteen-jointed, porrect, filiform, almost as long as the thorax. Thorax elongated, slightly convex, impressed in front of the scutellum, which is small. Wings narrow, elongated, lan- ceolate, incumbent, as long as the abdomen ; veins fringed with scales, in structure like those of Culex. Halteres small. Abdomen with eight segments, narrow, about twice the length of the thorax. Legs very long and slender, unarmed, nearly bare ; coxae short ; tibiae minutely spinu- lose ; tarsi very long, especially the hind pair ; ungues small. Male. Palpi five-jointed ; fourth and fifth joints dilated, laterally reflexed. An- tennae plumose. Fern. Palpi four-jointed, simple, straight, nearly bare. Antennae pilose ; hairs short. Larva differing from that of Culex in having two oval tubercles behind the head, and two smaller tubercles near the tail, beneath which there are many long setae. This genus much resembles Culex in appearance, but the species are comparatively scarce, and the females are not blood-suckers. 1. bifurcatus, L. F. S. ii. 1002 (1767) ; F. ; Schr. ; Grnel. ; Meig. ; Steph. ; Hal. ; Curt. ; Mcq. ; Zett. ; Gim. ; Staeg. ; Loew. — trifurcatus, F. — claviger, Meig. Kl. ; F. — plumbeus, Steph. ; Hal. Fuscus, thorace vittis quatuor albidis, alls sublimpidis, venis fuscis fuscoque ciliatis, ab- domine pallide fusco fasciis obscurioribus, pedibus testaceis, genubus albidis. Long. 3-3|- ; alar. 6-7 lin. Brown. Proboscis black at the tip. Palpi testaceous. Thorax with four whitish stripes. Wings nearly limpid ; veins brown, fringed with brown hairs. Abdomen pale brown ; hind borders of the segments darker. Legs dull testaceous ; knees whitish. Male. Antennae testa- ceous, with brown rings. Not rare. (E. I.) 2. maculipennis, Meig. Zw. i. 11. 2 (1818); Steph.; Hal.; Curt. ; Mcq. ; Zett. ; Gira. ; Staeg. ; Loew. — bifurcatus, Meig. Kl. — grisescens?, Steph. Fuscus, thorace vittis quatuor testaceis, alis sub- limpidis, venis fuscis ciliis fasciculisque nigricantibus, pedibus fuscis, femoribus testaceis, genubus tibiisque apice albidis. Long. 3^ ; alar. 7 lin. Brown. Proboscis testaceous. Thorax with four testaceous stripes. Wings nearly limpid ; veins broton, fringed with blackish hairs, which are thickest and longest about the middle, near the costa, and towards the tips. Legs brown ; femora testaceous ; knees and tips of the tibiae whitish. Male. Antenme testaceous, with black bands. Not rare. (E. I.) VOL. IV. 2 K 250 CULICTD.F-. Genus IV. CORETHRA. CORETHUA, Meig. Illig. Mag. (1803); Latr. j Panz. j Mcig. ; Steph. ; Mcq. ; Zett. ; Gim. ; StEeg. ; Westw. Tipula p., L. ; F. E. S. ; 1). G. ; Gmel. ; Meig. Kl. Chironomus p., F. S. A. Tanypus p., Lam. Corpus mediocre aut parvum, elongatum, pubescens. Caput parvura, sessile. Oculi transversim lunati, subremoti. Os parvum, subelon- gatum. Proboscis antennis multo brevior. Palpi 4-articulati, cylin- drici, pubescentes, incurvi, articulus primus brevis. Antermte 14- articulatae, porrectae, filiformes, thoracis longitudine. Thorax longi- ovatus. Scutellum mediocre. Alae angustse, pubescentes, incurn- bentes, squamis ciliatae, abdomine paullo breviores. Abdomen seg- mentis 8, gracile, elongatum, pilosum. Pedes graciles, pubescentes, inermes, sat longi. Mas. Antennae verticillato-plumosa3. Abdo- men apice valvulis duabus foliaceis subincurvis sat longis instructum. Fcem. Antennae verticillato-pilosae. Abdomen apice hamulis duobus brevibus instructum. Eody of moderate size, elongate, pubescent. Eyes transversely lu- nate, separate in both sexes. Mouth small, slightly elongate. Pro- boscis much shorter than the antennae, with two apical clavate appen- dages. Palpi four-jointed, cylindrical, pubescent, shorter than the an- tennae ; first joint shorter than the others. Antenna fourteen-jointed, porrect, filiform, as long as the thorax. Thorax elongate-oval. .Scutel- lum of moderate size. Wings narrow, pubescent, a little shorter than the abdomen, incumbent during repose ; veins fringed with scales ; me- diastinal vein ending at about half the length of the wing ; subcostal ending at full five-sixths of the length ; radial springing from the sub- costal at before half the length of the wing ; its two forks ending at the tip of the wing ; cubital proceeding from the prsebrachial transverse veinlet ; subapical forked towards its tip ; praebrachial, subanal, and anal complete; posterior margin excavated at the base. Abdomen slender, elon- gate, hairy, with eight segments. Legs slender, moderately long, pilose, unarmed ; fore pair not remote from the others ; coxae of moderate size ; ungues very small ; onychia almost obsolete. Male. Antennas verticil- late-plumose, the whorls from the base to the tips successively decreas- ing in length. Abdomen with two apical, slightly curved, foliaceous appendages, nearly as long as one of the segments. Jem. Antennae verticillate-pilose ; hairs short and few. Abdomen with two little apical curved hooks, which are not longer than a quarter of one of the segments. " The larva of Corethra plumicornu is so beautifully transparent as to resemble a piece of crystal, and scarcely to be distinguished from the water in which it lives. It is vermiform, very long, with rather thicker thoracic segments. The head is small, co- nical, turned upwards, furnished with two deflexed hooks, which COHETHRA. 251 are articulated at the tip, and with two short palpi. The abdo- men has a fan of hairs at the tip beneath. The pupa somewhat like that of Culex, but straight, and with pointed thoracic ap- pendages. " The larva of C. culiciformis much resembles that of Culex pi- plens in form, but differs from it in its motions and station of repose. Instead of being suspended at the surface with its head downwards, it usually, like fishes, remains in a horizontal position in the middle of the water. When it ascends to the surface it is always by means of a few strokes of its tail, so that its motion is not equable, but by starts. It descends again gradually by its own weight, and regains its equilibrium by a single stroke of the tail. Its anus is furnished with a pair of oars or natatory laminae, by which it rises to the surface. The tracheae appear to proceed from a pair of oblong vesicles of considerable size in the thorax, and towards the anus they form two other smaller ones." a. Tarsi not dotted. b. Antennae with brown bands. Species 1. b b. Antenna without bands. Species 2. a a. Tarsi dotted. Species 3. 1. plumicornis, P. E. S. iv. 246. 58 (1792); Meig. ; Mcq. ; Guer. ; Zett. ; Gim. — cristallina, D. G. — lateralis, Latr. ; Panz. ; Lara. ; Meig. Kl. Zw. — hafniensis, Gmel. Mas et Fcem. fusca, antennis testaceis fusco-cinctis, thoracis vittis duabus lateralibus pectoreque albidis, alis subcinereis, venis pedibusque testaceis, halteribus albis, abdomine pal- lide fusco; Mas, antennarum plumis testaceis. Long. 3 ; alar. 5 lin. Brown. Antenna testaceous, with brown bands. Thorax with a whitish stripe on each side. Pectus whitish. Wings slightly greyish ; veins and borders thickly ciliated, the former testaceous. Halteres white. Abdomen pale brown, hairy. Legs pale testaceous, pubescent. Male. Plumes of the antennae testaceous. Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 2. culiciformis, ]). G. Iiis. iv. 144. 16. pi. 23. f. 3-5 (1783); Latr. ; Lam. ; Meig. ; Mcq. ; Lehm. Mas et Fern, obscure fusca, an- tennis niyris, thoracis lateribus pectoreque pallide testaceis, alis sub- cinereis, venis pedibusque testaceis ; Mas, antennarum plumis nigris. Long. 3 ; alar. 5 lin. Dark brown. Antenna black. Pectus and sides of the thorax pale testaceous. Wings slightly greyish ; veins and borders thickly ciliated, the former testaceous. Halteres white. Abdomen brown, hairy. Legs testaceous, pubescent ; tibiae pilose. Male. Plumes of the antennae black. Not generally common, but sometimes appearing in great pro- fusion. (E. S. I.) 252 3. pallida, F. E. S. iv. 245. 56 (1792); Gmel. ; Panz. ; Meig. ; Mcq. ; Stasg. ; Zeti. Mas, pallide testacea, gracilis, antennis albidis nigro-cinetis, tliorace vittis tribus testaceis, alls pedibusque albidis, venis halteribusque albis, venula transversa fusco-nebulosa, abdominis seg- mentis nigro-marginatis, pedibus nigro-punctatis. Long. 2| ; alar. 6 lin. Male. Pale testaceous, slender, very pilose. Antennas whitish, not thickly plumose, with a blackish band on each joint. Thorax with three darker testaceous stripes. Wings whitish, deeply ciliated along the hind border ; veins white, very pubescent ; transverse veinlets clouded with pale brown. Halteres white. Abdomen with a slender black band on the hind border of each segment. Legs whitish, pu- bescent, slender ; femora with nine, and tibias with seven, black bands. Hare. In the British Museum. (E.) Genus V MOCHLONYX. MOCHLONYX, Loew, Erit. Zeit. Stett. v. 121 (1844). Corethra p., lluthe. Corethra valde affinis. Os longius. Os et rostrum conjunctim capite longiora. Rostrum proboscide vix brevius. Palpi 4-articulati, pro- boscide duplo longiores ; articulus primus brevis ; quartus tertio paullo longior. Antennas 16 -articulates ; articuli primus et se- cundus breves, moniliformes ; tertius sequentibus longior et crassior ; ultimus linearis. Ungues graciles, acuti, dente gracili acuto basali. Rostrum almost as long as the proboscis. Mouth along with the rostrum longer than the rest of the head. Palpi four-jointed, twice as long as the proboscis ; first joint short ; fourth a little longer than the third. Antennas sixteen-joiiited ; first and second joints short, monili- form ; third longer and thicker than those which follow ; the single joints incrassated at the base, verticillate ; they increase in length to the last, which is linear. Wings distinctly but finely veined ; two fur- cated veins, with their fork nearly equidistant from the base of the wing, and therefore that of the anterior further from the margin, as long as one-third of the wing ; the branches more than twice as long as the petiole ; brachial areolets coterminous ; the pobrachial irregular at the apex ; posterior vein (subanal) inflected at an angle a little before the margin, and running along the margin towards the apex of the wing ; this vein, as usual, doubled by a spurious one ; one longitudinal vein behind it. Ungues slender, acute, one-third of the length of the fifth tarsal joint ; a slender acute tooth at the base, half as long as the ungues. The wings are nearly as in CoretJira, only the transverse vein- lets rather more distant from the margin. The figure, development of the mesosternun), and antennae much alike ; the mouth longer and more deflected. 1. eifcetus, Hal. MSS. Fcem. ferrugineus, subaureo-pubescens, PHLEBOTOMID.E. 253 palpis fuscis, anteunis fusco-femigiueis, thoracis abdominisque suturis subfuscescentibus, alls hyalinis apud costam subflavescentibus, femori- bus posticis apices versus subfuscescentibus. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 tin. Fern. Ferruginous, clothed with yellowish down, almost of a golden gloss ; the hairs on the abdomen longer. Front thickly clothed with yellowish hairs. Rostrum thickly clothed with fusco-ferruginous hairs. Palpi fuscous. Antennae fusco-ferruginous, paler at the base. Sutures of the thorax delicately marked with fuscous ; hind edge of the abdo- minal segments and lateral line darker. Pleurae paler. Wings hyaline, a little yellowish towards the costa ; veins pale fusco-ferruginous. Halteres pale, with a fuscous dot at the tip. Tentacles of the vagina small, with a dusky dot at the tip. Legs pale ferruginous, with fus- cous hairs ; hind femora before their tips very slightly embrowned. Very rare. Two females in Mr. Clifton's collection. (E.) FAMILY VIII. PHLEBOTOMIES. PHLEBOTOMIES, Hal. Ins. Brit. Dipt. i. 7 (1851). Tipularice noctua- formes, Meig. Psyckodites, Newm. Phalenoides, Mcq. Psychodides, Zett. Tipularice p., Agass. Pklebotomini, Bond. Tipularia Galli- cola Polyneura (Psychodina), Loew. Ocelli nulli. Mesothoracis scutum integrum. Ala3 ovatae aut lanceo- latae, deflexse aut divaricatae ; vena costalis circa marginem posticum attenuata ; venae apicales plus quam sex. Ocelli none. Scutum of the mesonotum undivided. Wings and halteres developed. Wings ovate or lanceolate, deflected or divaricated ; costal vein attenuated round the hind margin ; veins in their last sub- divisions more than six. Some of the foreign species of this Family are blood-suckers, and allied to the Oulicidce ; others are of larger size, and allied to the Tipulida. I am indebted to Mr. Haliday for all the fol- lowing characters of the genera and species of this Family. The mandibles are lancet-like in all the British genera, but in Phlebo- tomus they, like the maxillae, are lancet-like. The ossiculi of the wings, and the alulse, are unusually protruded, the latter with a strong secondary crease, which, with the abrupt termination of the ossicles, determines a flexible fold near the base of the wing, which thus often hangs down by the sides in the dead insect. The tentacles are horny, and applied flat to each other, usually pointed, and forming a borer like that of Tipulida. The male has a double pair of grapplers, each two-jointed, and armed at the end with a claw (sometimes compound), the lower pair largest. 254 PHLEBOTOMID.E. The genera may be grouped thus : — a. The two forked veins (radial and externo-medial) having between them two simple veins (a double cubital). (Eyes lunate, approximate in front. Mediastinal vein faintly connected with the subcostal not far from the base of the wing, and then vanishing, or prolonged faintly and gradually converging to the costal. Female with a slender, pointed, ascending borer.) b. Proboscis compressed, with maxillae nearly as long. Wing pointed exactly at the end of the second simple vein. Larva pale, terres- trial; the last segment slender, much elongated. 1. PSYCHODA. b b. Proboscis with broad pouting liplets. Maxilla obsolete. La- brum shorter than the labium. Larva blackish ; last segment little elongated, jagged at the end, and ciliated with radiating hairs. c. Wings broad, ovate, with an upward bellying sinus in the mid- dle (distorting the two intermediate simple veins) in the male. Larva with two double rows of lanceolate (gill-like) plates down the back. 3. ULOMYIA. c c. Wings even in the male and in the female. Larva with two bands of curved hairs down the back. 2. PERICOMA. a a. The two forked veins having between them one simple vein (cubi- tal). Mediastinal vein bent back to join the costal opposite its connection with the subcostal. Brachial areolets distinctly closed. Wings rounded at the tips. Eyes rounded, distant in front. b. Hindmost vein (subanal ?) not much shorter than the rest. (An- tenna? with obconical joints, twelve-jointed.) 4. TRICHOMYIA. b b. Hindermost vein abbreviated. (Antennas with linear joints, fifteen-jointed?) 5. SYCORAX. Obs. Eabricius has observed the maxillae. The dissections in Curtis's Brit. Ent. 745 are from a Pericoma, the wing that of Pe- ricoma canescens. Genus I. PSYCHODA. PSYCHODA, Latr. Diet. H. N. xxiv. 189. 518 (1796) ; F. S. A. ; Meig. ; Mcq. ; Curt. ; Hal. ; Westvv. ; Zett. ; lloss. (V.) Ttnearia, Schell. Tipulay.,Ij.', D. G. ; Retz. ; Mull.; Ross.; F. E. S. ; Scop.; Schr. Bibio p., Geoff. ; Mull. TricJwptera, Meig. Kl. Corpus oblongo-ovaturn, parvum aut minimum, undique dense villosum. Caput minutum, sessile. Oculi lunati. Proboscis brevis. Palpi 4- articulati, exserti, incurvi, pubescentes ; articuli ajquales. Antenna circiter 12-16-articulatse, porrecta3, verticillatim pilosaa, moniliformes, thorace paullo longiores; articuli primus et secundus crassiores. Thorax rotundatus. Ala3 obovataa, latas, deflexaa, valde hirsute; venulse transverse nulhe. Abdomen cylindricum, segmentis octo. Pedes breves, inermes, crassiusculi ; tibia? apice non calcarata?. Body oblong-oval, small or very small, wholly and thickly villose. Head small, sessile. Eyes lunate. Proboscis short, compressed. Man- PSYCHOUA. 255 dibles obsolete. Labrum and maxillse as long as the labium ; maxillae lancet-like. Palpi four-jointed, exserted, pubescent, curved downward ; joints of equal length. Antennae with from twelve to sixteen joints, porrect, moniliform, verticillate-pilose, a little longer than the thorax ; first and second joints stouter than the rest. Thorax nearly round. Wings obovate, broad, deflexed, very hairy, without transverse vein- lets ; mediastinal vein rudimentary ; subcostal a little more than half the length of the wing ; radial proceeding from near the base of the cubital, forked before one-third of its length; cubital ending at the tip of the wing ; subapical ending at a little behind the tip ; two ex- terno-medial veins formed by a fork of the prsebrachial ; anal, axillary, and subaxillary veins complete ; humeral veinlet near the base. Areolets thirteen, — the humeral, the subcostal, which is mostly united to the mediastinal, two radial, the cubital, the prsebrachial, which is very short, the pobrachial, the subapical, two externo-medial, the anal, the axillary, and the subaxillary ; posterior margin not excavated, nor in- dented towards the base. Halteres of moderate size. Abdomen cy- lindrical, with eight segments. Legs short, unarmed, rather thick ; tibia3 without apical spurs. The species of this genus resemble little moths; their wings being generally thickly covered with hairs. Some are very abun- dant during the winter months when the weather is mild. When walking up glass they move alternately from right to left and from left to right, so as to describe small zigzags. The larva of P.p&alanoides and that of P. sexpunctata inhabit dry cow-dung; they are long, subfusiform, depressed, with a slender, straight, cylindrical tail, which is longer than the preceding seg- ment. The pupa has two short appendages, thickened at the tips behind the head ; the abdomen is tapering. 1. phalaenoides, L. S. N. ii. 977. 47 (1767) ; P. ; D. G. ; Geoffr. ; Schr. ; Mull. ; Gmel. ; Eetz ; Lam. ; Latr. ; Gim. ; Ross. (V.) — nervosa, Schr. ; Meig. ; Mcq. ; Curt. ; Gim. ; Penis ; Ross. (V.) ; Zett. — muraria, Latr. Canescens, antennis nigro-cinctis, alia immaculatis, halteribus albis. Long. -| ; alar. 2 lin. Hoary. Antennae with black bands. Wings unspotted. Halteres white. The most abundant species, occurring not only on walls and windows, but on shrubs, etc., everywhere ; probably breeds in all sorts of vegetable decay. (E. S. I.) 2. sexpunctata, Curt.! B. E. 745. 6. pi. 745 (1839).— pliala- noides, var. Scop.—^Ao&Mioufei, Meig. ; Mcq. ; Zett. — maryinepunctata, Roser. Pallide ochraceo-cinerea, pubescens, alas fascia fusca, maculis sex aut septem apicalibus. Downy, very pale ochreous-grey. Antennae eleven-jointed ?, monili- form. Thorax pale ochreous. Winys with some of the hairs black, 256 PHLEBOTOMISE. forming a pale fuscous fascia before the middle, across which runs an angular mark, white in some lights, as well as six or seven spots along the margin at the apex of the veins ; three veins on the costa bearing a black dot each, also three of the alternate veins on the interior margin ; cilia pale fuscous. Legs unspotted. The larva is figured by Bouche and by Perris. " Respiratory auricles of the pupa filiform-curved, communicating with the main trachea by a dilated cylindrical portion of the latter. In the larva ready for transformation they may be seen, through the skin, form- ing an interrupted ring round the first part of the prothorax, be- ginning close to the spiracle and bent down till they nearly meet below, the thickened part of the trachea being also visible. Ac- cording to my observations, the main tracheae rise from the pro- thoracic spiracles to the anal points without any intermediate lateral spiracles — as Perris has already stated, differing from Bouche. 1 found in the larva a pair of glands (ending in a filament at each end) lying loose among some elongate, subcylindric, white, fatty masses in the neighbourhood of the small intestines, nearly as in Tipula. These are the rudiments of the reproductive organs/' — Hal. Not rare. (E. S. I.) Genus II. PERICOMA. PERICOMA, Hal. MSS. Psychoda p., Meig. ; Mcq. ; Zctt. Trichoptera p., Meig. Kl. Tipula p. ? L. ; Gmel. ; Lam. Proboscis brevior, non compressa. Labrum breve. Maxilla) obso- letae. Antennae moniliformes. Ala3 maris et fccminae sequales. Proboscis shorter than in Psychoda, not compressed. Labrum short. Maxilla3 obsolete. Antennas moniliform. Wings tense. Larva with rows of hairs ; inhabits water, bent into a ring, the tufts of curved hairs detaining a covering of mud. a. Forked veins unequal. The anterior fork of the radial vein much more distant from the base of the wing than the posterior fork. Wings pointed at the end of the second simple intermediate vein (i. e-. the first externo-medial). (Wings as in Psychoda.) Species 1-3. [The first is the only species of which I have examined the mouth detached, so that probably some of them should be placed with Psychoda, agreeing in the wings.] a a. Anterior fork nearest the base of the wing. Preebrachial areolet closed distinctly at about one-fourth of the length of the wing, nearly opposite the anterior fork. Wings pointed at the end of the first intermediate simple vein (i. e. cubital). Antennae with the first joint elongate. Species 4. PERICOMA. 257 a a a. Forks nearly equidistant from the base of the wing; the prae- hrachial areolet usually very short and indistinct ; the wing either rounded at the tip or the point between the two intermediate simple veins ; first joint of the antennae little longer than the others. b. Wings rather pointed (lanceolate) (or ovate-lanceolate). Smaller species. Species 5-7. b b. Wings rounded at the tips, ovate. (Joints of the antennae after the second less distinctly knotted or petiolated, being rather ovate; the whorls spreading.) Species 8-11. 1. lucifuga, n., Hal. MSS. Testacea, parum hirta, antennis petio- lato-globosis corporis longitudine, alls subhyalinis immaculatis, pedibus pal- lidis, tarsis fuscis. Bather longer than P. phalcenoides. Rufo-testaceous, abdomen and halteres brownish. Legs paler ; tarsi and tips of the tibiae brownish. Antennae with the first two joints short, globose, each of the remainder with a dusky globose base and a long pale petiole ; the whorls of hairs long and somewhat incurved, but lax. Pubescence not abundant, so that the wings appear obscurely hyaline, with dark fringed veins and margin, but without spots. Inhabits shady moist spots in woods. In September, at Holy- wood and at Blarney. (I.) 2. soleata, n., Hal. MSS. Cervino-hirta, alarum ciliis fusco-mi- cantibus basi antice et apice pallidioribus, tarsorum articulis exterioribus albo-micantibus. Resembles P. calceata with respect to the four exterior joints of the tarsi, which are glossed with yellowish-white, but the acute wings, etc., do not agree with Zetterstedt's description of that species. It is pretty thickly clothed with fawn-coloured hair, — a couple of rather indistinct fuscous tufts towards the fore edge of the wings, viz. at the fork of the radial, and above the opposite fork of the externo-medial (second) ; the long cilia shift in colour to dusky, except at the apex and the humeral tuft at the base. Antenna shorter than in the preceding species. Rare. In Mr. Dale's collection. (E.) 3. bullata, n., Hal. MSS. Cervino-hirta, abdomine palpis pedib us- que plumbeo-micantibus, antennarum verticillis crateriformibus margariti- fero-micantibus annulatis, alls cinereo-hirtis, venis posterioribus alternis nigro-ciliatis. Scarcely larger than P. phalcsnoides. Plumbeous. Vertex, front, dorsum of the thorax, and base of the wings in front with fawn-coloured hairs. Whorls of the hairs of the antennae very coarctate, hiding the joints, curved inward, cup-shaped, like a bubble, and shifting with opa- line tints like a soap-bubble. Palpi and legs thickly clothed with fine slender plumbeous-shining scales. Palpi moderately long ; second, third, and fourth joints of nearly equal length. Antennae (thirteen-jointed ?) nearly as long as the wings. Wings with cinereous hairs ; radial vein VOL. iv. 2 L 258 PHLEBOTOMIES. before its fork, and cubital on the same line, with black hairs; the alternate veins beyond the middle with black hairs ; margin densely cilia- ted. Halteres brown. Hairs of the antenna and of the abdomen plum- beous, very shining ; the whorls in certain aspects with yellowish lustre, and varied with purple, brownish at the base. The simple unguiculi of the upper forceps acute ; those of the lower forceps double, equal, nearly straight, obtusely subcapitate. Very rare. Eound by Mr. Haliday at Holy wood and at Dublin. (I.) 4. ocellaris, Meig. Klass. i. 44. 4 (1804) ; Zw. i. 105. 4. pi. 3. f. 14; Mcq.; Zett. — variegata, Mcq. Tip. D. N. ^v.—hirta? L.; Gmel.; Lam. Albo-hirta, alls lanceolatis nigro-alboque variis, punctis duobus marginalibus ocellaribus. With white hairs. Wings lanceolate, varied with black and white, with two ocellated marginal dots. Head with a clavate appendage hid in a tuft of hair behind each eye. Antennae with the first joint elon- ga^e-obconical, one-fourth of the length of the entire joints, or about as long as the fore metatarsus ; first and second joints very densely clothed with hair ; a black clavate tuft at the tip of the second ; tufts before the wings very conspicuous. Not common. Pound by Mr. Haliday at Holywood, Dublin, Cork, and Kerry. 5. canescens, Meig. Kl. i. 45. 5 (1804); Zw. i. 106. 5; Mcq. — Fusca, capite thorace alarnmque basi canescentibus, alis lanceolatis disco nigro-bipunctatis ; Mas, antennarum basi palpisque atro-hirtis. Scarcely as large as P. phaltenoides. Hairs hoary on the head, thorax, and first half of the wing, dusky elsewhere. Wings with the forks clothed with blacker hairs, making two spots in the middle or an interrupted band, another dot near the base, the ends of the veins also dark, fringe dusky ; darker at the fore edge, but lighter or fawn- coloured at the base (humeral) and in front of the apex. Legs dusky, with the whitish scales at the joints very inconspicuous. Antenna? with spreading whorls of fawn-coloured hairs. Male. Antennse nearly as long as the body, the whorls very long ; the first two joints and the palpi thickly clothed with black hairs. Fern. Borer short, nearly con- cealed by hairs. Not uncommon in moist shady groves. (E. I.) 6. ustulata, Hal. MSS. Cervino-hirta, abdomine tibiis tarsisque fusco-annulatis, alis ovato-lanceolatisfusco-punctatis. Size of P. plialcenoides, larger than the others of this section. Clothed with fawn-coloured hairs, the abdomen with interrupted blackish bands. Antennae ferruginous, with the globose base of the joints after the second dusky, the whorls of hairs yellowish. Wings ovate-lanceolate, with dusky dots, viz. several in a triple transverse series in the first half ; two on the forks ; the rest at the ends of the veins ; fringe chequered dusky and pale ; forks of the veins beyond the middle of PERICOMA. 259 the wing- ; prsebrachial areolet defined. Legs yellowish ; femora with an indistinct ring towards the tip ; tibiae with the base, apex, and a ring between, dusky ; tarsi with the end of the first joint and the last three entirely dusky. Male. Antenna nearly as long as the body. Fern. Antenna? longer than the thorax. Borer rather long and slender. Not rare on the shores of lakes and of the sea, where I have found the pupa in the moist sand. (I.) 7. trifasciata, Meig. Kl. i. 44. 3. pi. 2. f. 20 (1804); Zw. i. 105. 8 ; Latr. ; Mcq. ; Zett. Albo-hirta, alls lanceolatis fasciis tribus nigris per fimbriam utrinque continuatis, pedibus albidiz, tarsorum articulis ex- tremis (4) nigricantibus. The " angular" middle black band is produced by the black hairs continued along the first externo-medial veins, almost connecting that band with the outer one. Var. /8. dealbata. Albido-hirta, alis nigricante trifasciatis, tarsis apice fuscis. Not common. (I.) Larger than the preceding. (Wings rather broader?) White colour less clear, and blackish bands less contrasted ; dusky tip of the tarsi much less deep in colour, scarcely extending beyond three joints. Perhaps the other sex of the preceding ?, or a distinct species ? Var. y. deaurata. Mavido-hirta, alis nigricante trifasciatis, tarsis apice fuscis. Like var. /?, but the hairs are yellow instead of white. " My spe- cimens were taken on bushes in the bed of the Eiver Dodder, near Dublin, but are too much rubbed to afford good characters, though I can scarcely doubt it is a distinct species." 8. palustris, Meig. Kl. i. 43. 2 (1804); Zw. i. 105. 2; Mcq.; Zeit.—auriculata, Hal.; Curt. B. E. 745. f. 9. T. ! Albo-hirta, alis ovatis nigricante trifasciatis, tarsorum articulis extremis nigricantibus. Head, thorax, abdomen, and wings clothed with white hairs. Wings with three blackish bands, the second angular, the third occupying the apex; fringe white, with two dusky patches at each margin (corre- sponding to the middle black band and the outer one, the cilia of the tip remaining white). (Veins of the wings drawn in Curt. B. E. 745.) Legs dusky, clothed with whitish hairs ; end of the tibia and metatar- sus, and second joint entirely on one side at least glossy-white ; the last three joints dusky. When the hairs of the thorax are removed, there appears a clavate appendage at the front of the thorax on each side. (See Curtis's figure.) According to Meigen this should be the largest species of the genus (2 lines long), which is not the case with mine. Many of the species vary much in size ; still this casts some doubt on the determination of mine, which is smaller than P. nnljlla. Com- mon. (I.) 260 PHLEBOTOMIES. 9. nubila, Meg.; Meig. Zw. i. 10?. 9 (1818); Zett.—phalamoides, Scop. — ciliatus, Geoffr. — hirta, D. G. ; Eetz ; Latr. — bombyciformis* Schr. Fusca, cervino-hirta, alls ovatis fuscis albido-maculatis, tibiis apice tarsisque albo-annulatis ; Mas, fasciculo frontis erecto aterrimo antice niveo. Head, thorax ', and abdomen clothed with fawn-coloured hairs (or whitish on the head). Wings with brown hair ; faint brownish dots at the forks and at the end of veins ; a whitish spot near the base, two at the anterior margin, one before and one beyond the middle, and several smaller ones towards the hind margin ; fringe fuscous, but dingy-whitish towards the end at the tip of the wing (not throughout, as in Ulomyia hirta). Legs fuscous, with, long whitish hairs ; the end of the tibiae, the base and the tip of the first basal joint, and the whole of the third on one side, whitish-glossed. Male. With a recurved spreading tuft of hairs on the front, very conspicuous from the colour being snow-white before and intense black behind. Yery common ; reared from larvae found on fallen leaves im- mersed in the water of pools or slow streams. (E. S. I.) 10. fusca, Mcq. Tip. N. Fr. 110. 4 (1824) ; H. N. D. i. 165. 6; Meig. — phalfsnoides, Yar. ? Schr. Fuliginosa, alls ovatis postice atro- ciliatis, antennarum basi palpisque atro-hirtis. Almost as large as P. nubila. Clothed with sooty hairs, the dark tufts at the forks of the wing scarcely marked, but the two hindmost veins of the margin behind them ciliated with deep black hairs ; the tuft at the base of the costa hoary. Forks at about two-fifths of the length of the wing. Antennae with fawn-coloured whorls of hair, the first two joints and the palpi thickly clothed with deep black hairs (in the male only??). Not common. (I.) 11. calceata, Meig. Zw. vi. 272. 11 (1830); Zett. Nigro-fusca, griseo-villosa , alls ovatis fidiginosis jimbria apicis tarsorumque articulis extremis albidis. Blackish-brown, with cinereous hairs. Wings oval, smoky ; fringe and the apical joints of the tarsi whitish. " Eesembles the preceding species a good deal, but the fringe at the tip of the wing is whitish, and the exterior joints of the tarsi are glossed-whitish. My specimen, given me by Mr. Dale, is too much injured to afford additions to Meigen's description." — Hal. * " I have cited this, on account of the carriage of the wings, rather than Tipula hirta, Schr. (Fn. B. iii. 82. 2348). This last therefore remains uncertain ; also T. phalcenoides, Schr. (Ins. Austr. 434. 883 ; Fn.; B. iii. 82. 2349), since he appears to have understood phaleenoides, L., under his nervosa. The diagnosis of phalcenoides, Schr., agrees with hirta, Latr., ciliatus, Geoffr., but, as I have said, the contrast he expressly draws as to carriage of wings seems to exclude it from the synonyms of nubila, Meig." — Hal. TRICHOMYIA. 261 Genus III. ULOMYIA. ULOMYIA, Hal. Saccopteryx, Hal. ; Curt. B. E. 745 : (name preoccupied in Mammalia, Illiger.) Tipula p., L. ; F. E. S. Psyckoda p., Meig. Proboscis brevis, non compressa. Labmm breve. Maxillae obsoletae. Antennae moniliformes. Mas. Alae sinu medio convexo. Proboscis shorter than in Psyckoda, not compressed. Labrum short. Maxillae obsolete. Antennae moniliform. Wings tense. Male. Wings with a coriaceous pouch. The larva lives in clear running water, and has, like a dorsi- branchial Annelid or Phyllodoce, down the back two rows of acute, lanceolate, foliaceous branchia-like appendages ; each row consists of three pair on each segment, viz. a pair on each of the three folds or subdivisions of the segment. Otherwise most like the larva of Pericoma. 1. hirta, L. F. S. ii. 1772 (1761) ; F.— faliginosa, Meig. Nigro- fusca, alis apice maculis tribus albicantibus. Long, li ; alar. 3 lin. Blackish-brown. Wings with three apical whitish spots. Not rare. (E. S. I.) Fabricius expressly mentions the white tip of the wing (in Pericoma nubila the cilia of the apex are whitish at the end only, dusky at the base) ; Linnseus does not; but the chequered black and white suits this species better than P. nubila. Reared from larvae found on fallen leaves lying in a waterfall of a clear rivulet. Genus IV. TRICHOMYIA. TRICHOMYIA, Hal.; Curt. Brit. Ent. 745 (1839). Phalanomyia, Loew. P&ycltoda p., Eoser ; Zett. Oculi rotundi, remoti. Antennae 12-articulatae, articulis obconicis. Alae apice rotundatse ; areolae brachiales clausae ; vena postrema ab- breviata. Antennae filiform ; first and second joints thick ; the rest longer, somewhat conical. Wings with a complete discal areolet ; five external areolets ; second petiolated ; third complete ; brachial areolets not ex- ceeding the first third of the wing ; costal areolets half divided ; veins very hairy. Valves of the oviscapt broad, ovate. 1. urbica, Hal. ; Curt.B.E. 745. 8 (1839).— aurea, Zett.—JZaves- cens ? lloser. Fcem. fusca, nigro-hirta, fronte thorace et abdominis basi flavo-hirtis, alis flavescentibus nigro-bifasciatis, halteribus pallidis apice nigro-fuscis, femoribus tibiisque flavescentibus. Fern. Brown. Front, thorax, and base of abdomen clothed with 262 PHLEBOTOMISE. dark yellow hairs ; the rest of the abdomen, antennae, and legs with black hairs. Wings obscure yellowish, with two black bands. Hal- teres pale, with blackish-brown knobs. Oviscapt, coxas, and femora and tibias yellowish. Found about sewers in Dublin and at Holywood. (I.) Var. ? Ferruginous. Antennas brown, thickly pilose, verticillate, fourteen-jointed, longer than the body. Wings greyish ; veins and borders blackish, ciliated. Abdomen and legs blackish. Length of the body one line, of the wings three lines. Found in Cambridgeshire by the Eev. Leonard Jenyns. (E.) Genus V. SYCORAX. SYCOIIAX, Hal.; Curt. Brit. Ent. 745 (1839). Postkon, Loew. Corpus fere nudum. Antennae graciles, pubescentes ; articulus primus brevissimus ; secundus globosus ; tertius et sequentes lineares. Ala- rum venae tantum pubescentes ; areolse externse quinque, secunda petiolata, quinta incompleta ; costales tres ; brachiales duas, alas me- dium attingentes. Body nearly bare. Antennas slender, pubescent ; first joint very short ; second globose ; the rest linear ; discal areolet incomplete ; veins only pubescent ; mediastinal vein nearly one-third of the length of the wing, forked and angular at its tip, and thus connected with the costa and the subcostal vein ; subcostal about three-fourths of the length of the wing ; radial emerging from the subcostal opposite the tip of the mediastinal, forked a little beyond two-thirds of the length of the wing ; cubital emerging from the angle of the transverse veiniet which bounds the praebrachial areolet, and ending at the tip of the wing ; subapical ending on the hind border, forked at a little beyond half the length of the wing ; externo-medial proceeding from the trans- verse veiniet which bounds the pobrachial areolet ; anal complete ; axil- lary and subaxillary imperfect. Areolets twelve, — the humeral, the subcostal, the mediastinal, two radial, the cubital, the prsebrachial, which is rather less than half the length of the wing, the pobrachial, which is much shorter than the prsebrachial, the subapical, two externo- medial, and the axillary, from which the subaxillary is hardly distinct. Posterior margin not excavated nor indented towards the base. Larva unknown, probably aquatic. 1. silacea, Hal.; Curt. Brit. Ent. 745. 10 (1839). Mas, pallide ochracea, minima, alis obscure hyalinis. Male. Very minute. Pale ochre. Wings obscure hyaline. Found by Mr. Haliday, about shady rivulets and watercourses, at Holywood. (E. I.) HETEROCLIT.E. 263 The two following additional species of this Family have been also recorded as British : — 1. Psychoda tristis, Melg. Zw. vi. 272. 10 (1830). 2. Psychoda humeralis, Ho/m. ; Meig. Zw. i. 166. 7 (1818). FAMILY IX. HETEROCLIT^E. HETEROCLITJE, Hal. I. B. D. i. 7 (1851). Tipularia Fungicolae p., Meig. Mycetophilince p., Zett. Ocelli nulli. Antermso setacese, hasi globoso-incrassataB. Mesothoracis scutum integrum, absque sutura transversa. Alae oblongas, incum- bentes, apice rotundatae, vena ainbiente pubescente ; margo posticus pilis fimbriatus ; vena costalis circum marginera posticum attenuata ; vena3 apicales plusquam sex. Tibia? nisi apice muticae. Ocelli none. Scutum of the mesonotum undivided. Wings and halteres developed. Wings oblong, rounded at the tip, incumbent; hind margin fringed with hairs ; costal vein attenuated round the hind margin ; veins in their last subdivisions more than six. " This group is not proposed as a Natural Family, and therefore is not designated by a name conformable. Two genera of doubt- ful affinity are temporarily associated in it, by the artificial charac- ter above given, to avoid the multiplication of families, until their true respective places are better demonstrated. The first of these (prpJmephilct] has indeed already been proposed by Rondani,*" as the type of a distinct family, Orflhnephilincz, intercalated between the Bibionince and Sciophilina. Macquart, with confessed hesita- tion, has placed the genus among the Fungicola (— Mycetophiti- da), Zetterstedt among his Rhyphii ; Haliday, the first describer,t referred it to the group Culiciformes (= Oulicida — Chironomi- dts), but expresses himself still unsatisfied as to its proper place, after examination of the internal anatomy. The metamorphosis, which would throw more light on the question, has not yet been * Nuov. Ann. Sc. Nat. Bologna, ser. 2. torn. vii. f Agassiz has given the dates, 1830 for Orphnepkila, Hal., and 1832 for TJiau- malea, Ruthe ; but in fact Orphnephila was not published before the 1st of Septem- ber, 1831, in the 19th number of the 'Zoological Journal'; while Ruthe's characters of Thaumalea appeared in the number of the ' Isis ' for the November of the same year. As Wagler had employed the latter name, almost contemporaneously, for a genus of birds, the priority of the former is here recognized. But as the names date from the same year, and as Macquart at a later period casually chose the same trivial name as Ruthe's testacea, this has been retained in preference to the strictly prior Dame devia. 264 ' HETEROCLIT^. observed. The larva is probably to be looked for in running waters. " The other genus Dixa, referred by Meigen and Zetterstedt to the MycetopMkda, by Macquatt, Westwood and Loew to the Tipulida, and by Rondani to his Trichocerina (a subdivision of the latter group), differs from the first by the want of ocelli, from the latter by the undivided mesonotum, deep inesosternurn, pecti- nated ungues of anterior legs, broad, rounded tentacles of the vagina, etc., and may be considered of dubious place, until the characters of the larva are known. Westwood (Mod. Class, ii. 527, note) and Haliday have indeed supposed that Degeer's figures, 'Mem. torn. vi. pi. 24. f. 1—11, are meant to represent a Dixa and its metamorphosis; but although the setaceous antennae, slender legs, and conspicuous forked vein near the tip of the wing may suggest such a reference, the venation of the wing, as repre- sented, is more like that in Anisomera. Roser's account (Wurt. Zweyfls.) of the metamorphosis of this last, however, does not agree with Degeer's of the insect in question ; and the express character given of " hairy veins " scarcely leaves any alternative but to suppose it meant for an Erioptera" — Hal. A. Antennae shorter than the head. 1. ORPHNEPHILA. B. Antennae setaceous, shorter than the head. 2. DIXA. Genus I. ORPHNEPHILA. ORPHNEPHILA, Hal. Zool. Journ. v. no. xix (1831) ; Westw. ; Eorid. Thaumalea, Ruthe ; Loew. Chenesia, Mcq. ; Meig. ; Zett. Corpus parvum, oblongum, glabriculum. Caput parvum. Ocelli ro- tuncli. Proboscis brevis. Palpi 4-articulati, elongati; articuli cy- lindrici, primus brevissimus ; secundus crassior, ovatus ; tertius et quartus paullo longiores. Antennae filiformes, breves, basi crassse. Thorax robustus, gibbus. Scutellum mediocre. Alae nudse, parallel, sat latse, basi angustatse, apice rotundatse. Abdomen segmentis 7, subcylindricum, sat crassum, thorace paullo angustius et fere duplo longius. Pedes subasquales, mediocres, simplices, nudi, iner- mes ; cox33 breves ; ungues et onychia parva ; Mas, oculi in fronte cormexi. Anus magnus, valvatus. Body oblong, rather small, nearly smooth. Eyes round, large, meet- ing on the front, but not on the under side. Proboscis short, with oblong labella. Labrum still shorter, stout, conical ; the lateral edges sinuated or toothed ; the tongue concealed. Palpi more that twice as long as the antennas, five-jointed ; first joint shortest ; second thickest, ovate; the others gradually more slender; the fifth not elongated. Antennae near the mouth, shorter than the head, seeming composed of OKPHNEPHILA. 265 two joints (first globose; second ovate, with a terminal arista, which is a little longer than the first and second together), but under a good lens they are found to be ten-jointed; the first thickest, globose; second, third, and fourth compact into an oval mass ; the rest slender ; fifth short ; sixth and following, to the tenth, linear, pubescent ; tenth with two longer hairs near the tip. Thorax robust, gibbous ; scutellum of moderate size. Wings oblong, with an obtuse anal angle ; no dis- tinct axillary lobe ; the ambient vein faint round the hind margin ; of the longitudinal veins two end in the costa, two about the apex, three in the hind margin; there is an areolet closed before the middle of the wing, with very irregular outward limit ; it is divided longitudinally by an obsolete vein (the first part of the praebrachial vein), and represents the confluent brachial areolets (nearly as in Bolitopliila) . Taking the mediastinal vein to be' obsolete, and the first longitudinal vein ending before the middle of the costa to be the subcostal, we shall have a simple radial ending beyond the middle of the costa, and a simple cu- bital ending near the apex of the wing, these two connected by a per- pendicular veinlet beyond the end of the prrebrachial areolet ; three simple externo-medial veins, two from the end of the pra3brachial, one from the pobrachial areolet ; subanal vein produced from the posterior apical angle of this last areolet, running to the margin not far beyond the anal angle ; anal and axillary veins very faint or obsolete ; prrebra- chial areolet longer than the pobrachial, but almost confounded with it. Halteres elongated ; club rather large. Abdomen with seven seg- ments, nearly cylindrical, moderately thick, a little narrower than the thorax, and about twice its length. Legs simple, bare, unarmed, of moderate and nearly equal length ; coxse short ; tibiae without spines ; tarsi rather long, the foremost much longer than the tibia ; penultimate joint shortest, emarginate at the tip, nearly obcordate. Ungues curved, simple, acute. Oriychia dilated. Empodium inconspicuous. Male. With a double forceps, the outer very stout, two-jointed ; first joint broad, subovate ; second slender, culthiform, acute ; inner forceps slen- der, strongly incurved, armed at the tip with an inflected claw, and with a smaller spine inside, some way before the tip. Fern. Tentacles of the vagina broad, rounded at the tip. 1. testacea, Ruthe', Isis, 1831. 1211 (1831); Loew; Mcq.; Meig.; Zett. — devia, Hal. — obscura, Zett. Picea, palpis antennisque nigris, alis cinereis, pedibus testaceis. Long. 1^ ; alar. 4 lin. Piceous. Palpi and antenna) black. Wings grey ; veins black. Hal- teres and legs testaceous. Not common ; frequents the shady banks of streams. (E. I.) "Connor hill, near Dingle, almost one thousand feet high; not seen higher/'— JffiiJ. MSS. VOL. IV. 2 M 266 HETEROCLIT^E. Genus II. DIXA. DIXA, Meig. Zw. i. 216 (1818); Mcq.; Curt.; Westw. ; Stseg. ; Ros. (V.); Zett.; Loew. Corpus elongatum, nudum, sat parvum. Caput parvum, rotundatum, sessile ; irons lata. Oculi rotundi, remoti. Proboscis brevis. Palpi 4-articulati, exserti, incurvi, cylinclrici ; articulus primus brevissimus ; quartus tertio paullo longior. Antennae 14-articulatae?, porrectae, se- tiformes, vix pubescentes, thorace lorigiores ; articuli primus et se- cundus breves, incrassati. Thorax ovatus, convexus. Scutellum transversum. Metathorax breviusculus. Alae sat latee, incumbentes, nudae. Abdomen angustum, segmentis septem. Pedes longiusculi, gracillimi, nudi, inermes ; coxse breves, crassiusculae ; tibia3 vix cal- caratae, posticas apice subincrassatae. Mas. Abdomen forcipe anali brevi incurva. Fcem. Abdomen stylis duobus analibus parvis con- tiguis. Body elongated, dull, bare, rather small, generally blackish. Head small, rounded, sessile, lower than the thorax. Front broad. Eyes round, remote. Mouth not lengthened. Palpi four-jointed, exserted, curved downward, cylindrical ; first joint very short ; fourth a little longer than the third. Antenna? fourteen-jointed ?, porrect, setiform, very minutely pubescent, a little longer than the head and the thorax ; first and second joints short, incrassated. Thorax oval, generally yel- low, with dark stripes, convex above, almost gibbous in front, without a transverse suture. Scutellum transverse. Metathorax rather short. Wings moderately broad, incumbent, bare ; mediastinal vein ending at half the length of the wing ; subcostal ending at just in front of the tip ; radial and cubital springing from a short common petiole, which proceeds from the subcostal at half the length ; radial forked before half its length ; cubital connected at its base by a transverse veinlet with the externo-medial ; the latter is forked near its tip, and is con- nected with the subanal by a transverse veinlet, the middle of which emits the second externo-medial ; subanal and anal complete ; axil- lary incomplete, very short ; no discal areolet. Abdomen narrow, with seven segments. Legs elongated, very slender, bare, unarmed ; coxae rather thick, not elongated ; tibiae hardly armed with spurs, the hind pair slightly incrassated at the tips. Male. Abdomen with a short, in- curved anal forceps. Fern. Abdomen with two short contiguous anal styles. The larvse probably inhabit fungi or decayed wood. The flies generally appear in the evening, and are found in meadows and woods. a. Wings unspotted. Species 1, 2. a a. Wings spotted. Species 3, 4. 1. sestivalis, Meig. Zw. i. 218. 2 (1818); Mcq. ; Gim. Testacea, thorace mttis quatuor ferruyineis, alis limpidis, abdomine supra fusco, DIXA. 267 segmentorum marginibua posticis testaceis, tibiis posticis apice tarsisque nigricantibus. Long. 2-2f ; alar. 5-6 lin. Testaceous. Palpi and antennae black, the latter testaceous at the base. Thorax with four ferruginous stripes, the lateral pair short. Wings limpid. Halteres brownish at the tips. Abdomen brown above ; hind borders of the segments testaceous. Tarsi and tips of the hind tibiae blackish. Not rare. (E. I.) 2. aprilina, Meig. Zw. i. 218. 3. pi. 7. f. 12 (1818); Mcq. ; Eos. (V.); Zett. — maculata var., Stasg. — Var. cincta, Curt. — Vtr.fuUginow, Walk. Nigra, thoracis later ibus strigisque duabus dorsalibus testaceis, alis limpidis, pedibus testaceis, tarsis nigricantibus. Var. /3. Thorace piceo. Long, lf-2 ; alar. 4-5 lin. Black. Thorax testaceous along each side, and with two testaceous dorsal streaks. Wings limpid. Halteres testaceous, with brown knobs. Legs testaceous ; tarsi blackish. — Var. /3. Scutellum pale dingy yellow. —Var. y. Thorax piceous. Wings slightly greyish. Legs piceous ; hind femora testaceous. Not rare. (E. I.) 3. maculata, Meig. Zw. i. 219. 4 (1818); Mcq.; Gim.; Loew; Stseg. ; Eos. (V.); Zett.—serotina? Hoffm. ; Meig.— mcesia, Hal. Curt. B. E. 409. Nigra, thorace vittis tribus testaceis, alis sublimpidis, striga maculaque fuscis, pedibus testaceis, femoribus tibiisque apice tarsisque nigris. Long, li-2-| ; alar. 3-6 lin. Black. Palpi testaceous. Thorax with three testaceous stripes, the middle one very slender, the dorsal pair broad, forked hindward. Wings nearly limpid, clouded with broion at the base of the radial and cubital veins and on the subanal vein ; these marks are occasionally almost ob- solete in the small individuals. Halteres testaceous. Legs testaceous ; tarsi black, except towards the base ; tips of the femora and of the tibiae black. Not uncommon. (E. I.) 4. nebulosa, Meig. Zw. vi. 293. 5 (1830); Curt.! B. E. 409; Zett.; Gim.; Gucr.; Stasg.; Eos. (V.); Zett. — nubiUpennis,Guii. Nigra, thorace vittis tribus testaceis, alis limpidis cinereo-nebulosis maculaque fusca, pedibus testaceis, femoribus tibiisque apice tarsisque nigris. Long. lf-2 ; alar. 4|-5 lin. Black. Palpi testaceous. Thorax with three testaceous stripes, the middle one very slender, the lateral pair very broad. Wings limpid, mottled with grey, and with a brown spot at the base of the radial and cubital veins. Halteres testaceous. Legs testaceous ; tarsi blackish ; tips of the femora and of the tibia? black. Not uncommon. (E. I.) 268 TIPULID.E. FAMILY X. TIPULID^E. Hal. I. B. D. i. 7 (1851). Tipularia Terricola p., Latr. ; Mcq. Tipularice rostratte p., Meig. Mesothoracis scutum sutura trans versa angulosa. Scutum of the mesonotum with au angular transverse seam. The species of this Family are called Crane-flies, or Daddy Long-legs, and are at once distinguished by the length of their legs. The larvse feed on roots, fungi, wood, and decaying vege- table substances, and in a few cases are aquatic. The flies much exceed all the other Nemocera in size and in variety of structure, and very many of the exotic genera are quite distinct from the European forms. The genus Chionea is not only remarkable in being wingless, but also from its occurring only on snow in winter, and most often on new-fallen snow. The head is generally more or less prolonged in front. The fourth joint of the palpi in some genera is long, flexible, and as it were jointed. The antennae are filiform or setaceous, occasionally ver- ticillate - pilose or pectinated, sometimes of great length in the male. The transverse suture of the mesothorax is peculiar to the Family, and the metathorax is often elongated. The wings are long and narrow, and generally contain a discal areolet. The ab- domen and the legs are very long and slender, and the female has a horny pointed oviduct. The peculiar structure of the Family has most development in the genus 2-ipula. Mr. Haliday has kindly contributed the synopsis of the genera of Tiflulidce, and I am also indebted to him for some of the fol- lowing notes. I have reunited to Limnobia the genera which have been separated from it ; for in some cases nearly allied spe- cies have been placed in different genera, and Limnobia, without them, would still comprise several equivalent or more distinct groups than those which have been removed from it ; the synopsis is accordingly altered so as to indicate those genera without adopt- ing them. Erioptera lateralis, Mcq., is included in Limnobia, as it appears to be most nearly allied to that genus, though its mid- dle legs are a little shorter than the others. Wingless obsolete, a fold in nlacp. of it verv short, inp.nrverl to the anal anfflp . 1. TRICHOCERA si in nip. rlptarVhpd . ... 2 ANISOMERA f vprv shnrf. ricnr? 9 GERANOMYIA • — ^ longer than the rest of the head . . 8. RHAMPHIDIA. 1 9-imntWl 13 DOLICHOPEZA. 1 13-jointe a 6 DlCRANOTA 1 'remote monili- T Winged : 3 form, bipectinate ^10. RHIPIDIA. Anal vein < in the male . . J 1 14-jointed . < compact monili- \ 1 ^ < form, unbranched \ 5. LIMNOBIA. a in the male and in ? (Glochina, Meig.) 1 '& ^ the female . . . J bt) 'cS * .2 PM J- ' .9 sinuous ... 4. SYMPLECTA. rt p , bO 'S3 •i i 5 g < § J ' rt 1 M shorter 1 * t, s M -2 < rf S £, •Es than the ) 3. ERIOPTERA. . § »•£! •3 CO a I fOU ^J others . . J •3 •§ o -g rt 1 | -g ^ ; 1 J J i 1 3 1 ^s not short- 1 ^ LIMNOBIA. 1 i i | 1 j 3 S " 1 § :"/ ' <*».)• i • s 1 o j 1 f I" 1 1 ."s 10 rH g •S - four : Pobra- / bisected 5' L™NOBIA- .. ** ™** (entire. *•£££** 1 1 g (Limnophila, Jf/i;^.) c 1 ^ / one . 12. PEDICIA. •2 v.'S V i— 1 I forked; Discal areolet ( •ts (none 5. LIMNOBIA. fe" (Tricyphona, Zett.) J . three (with an ad- ditional one from 17-jointed: Externo- [ four ' 1L C*LINDROTOMA. medial veins ending in j three _ ^ ^ bo the discal areolet) : ;g Antennae . . .c; of more than 13 joints ... 14. NEPHROTOMA. 1 ( uubranched in the X Schumm. c. Wings with a dark brown costa. Species 32, 33. c c. Wings with a pale brown or brownish-yellow costa. d. Side stripes of the thorax straight. Species 34. d d. Side stripes of the thorax curved. Species 35. b b b. Abdomen with luteous or yellow bands. — T.fasciatts, Schumm. Species 36, 37. b b b b. Abdomen almost black, with two rows of yellow spots, which are sometimes almost confluent, and form two stripes. — T. seriato- maculata, Schumm. T. pratemis, L., belongs to this section, and has been recorded as British, perhaps erroneously. 1. lutescens, F. S. A. 24. 6 (1805); Meig.; Mcq.; Schumm.; Gimm. ; Sta3g. ; Boss. (V.). — -fulvipennis,~D.G<.', Meig. Klass. Cana, thorace vittis quatuor fuscescentibus, alis macula apud stigma strigaque costali albidis, stigmate fulvo, abdomine vitta nigricante, pedibus tes- taceis; Mas, alis cinereis; Fcem. alis luridis. Long. 8-11; alar. 18- 22 lin. Hoary. Proboscis ferruginous. Palpi brownish. Antennae tawny. Thorax testaceous in front and along each side, with four pale brown- ish stripes with darker borders, the outer pair short. Wings with a whitish spot by the stigma, and a whitish streak between the stigma and the base, slightly clouded with grey towards the tips, and with a grey spot between the subanal vein and the anal vein ; stigma tawny. Halteres blackish, whitish at the base of the club, which is hoary. Abdomen with a blackish stripe along each side ; tip ferruginous. Legs testaceous, pubescent ; tips of the femora ferruginous. Male. Wings grey. Fern. Wings lurid. Not rare. (E. S. I.) 2. gigantea, Schr. Beitr. (1776); I. A. 845 (1781) ; Gmel. ; Latr. ; Meig. ; Mcq. ; Schumm. ; Gimm. ; Staeg. ; Ross. (V.) ; Zett. — rivosa, Scop. Ent. Cam. 318. 846 (1763). — sinuata, F. ; Gmel. — hortorum, Herbst. Ferruginea, thorace cano vittis tribus fuscis, alis cinereis apud costam fuscis, vitta discali albida, femoribus tibiisque apice tarsisque nigris. Long. 10-13 ; alar. 22-26 lin. Ferruginous, with whitish tomentum. Antennae not twice the length of the proboscis. Palpi black, ferruginous towards the base. Thorax hoary, with three brown stripes ; incisures, postscutellum, and pectus whitish. Wings brown in front, grey behind, both colours indented by a whitish irregular angular discal stripe. Abdomen grey at the -tip. VOL. iv. 2 T 322 TIPULID^J. Coxae and trochanters grey, the former with whitish tomentum ; tarsi and tips of the femora and of the tibiae black. Not rare. (E. S. I.) 3. rufina, Meig. Zw. i. 176. 10 (1888) ; Mcq. ; Schumm. Cana, thorace vittis quatuor fuscis, alis cinereis albido-maculatis, abdomine lurido segmentorum marginibus posticis testaceis, pedibus testaceis, femoribus tibiisque apice tarsisque nigris. Long. 5-6 ; alar. 12-14 lin. Hoary. Proboscis piceous. Palpi and antennas black, the latter testaceous at the base. Thorax with four brown stripes, the outer pair short. Wings grey, with four or live whitish spots, the most conspi- cuous one adjoining the stigma, which is brown. Halteres testaceous ; knobs brown. Abdomen lurid ; hind borders of the segments testa- ceous. Legs black, very slender; tibiae dull testaceous towards the base ; femora testaceous with black tips. Common. (E. S. I.) 4. hortensis, Meig. Zw. i. 178. 12 (1818); Mcq.; Schumm.; Zett. Cana, thorace vittis sex fuscis, alis cinereis albido-quadrimaculatis, abdomine lurido vitta dorsali apiceque piceis, pedibus fulvis, femoribus tibiisque apice tarsisque nigris. Long. 6-7 ; alar. 13-14 lin. Hoary. Proboscis piceous, tawny beneath. Palpi testaceous. An- tennae black, tawny at the base. Thorax with six broad brown stripes ; metathorax and pectus whitish. Wings grey, with four irregular whitish spots on the disc, and one on each side of the stigma, which is brown. Halteres testaceous, with brown knobs. Abdomen lurid; dorsal stripe and apical part piceous. Legs tawny ; tarsi and tips of the femora and of the tibiae black. Not rare. (E. S. I.) 5. longicornis, Schumm. Tip. 32. 8 (1833). Cana, antennis fuscis basi testaceis subverticillato-pilosis, thorace vittis quatuor latis fuscis, alis cinereis maculis tribus albidis duabusque fuscis, abdomine lurido vitta dorsali fusca, pedibus subpubescentibus, femoribus tibiis- que apice tarsisque nigricantibus, femoribus testaceis, tibiis ferrugineis. Long. 6-7; alar. 12-13 lin. Male and Fern. Hoary. Proboscis and palpi testaceous. Antennae brown, thinly verticillate, pilose, testaceous at the base; joints elon- gated. Thorax with four broad brown stripes. Things grey, whitish about the stigma, and with two whitish spots in the disc ; a brown spot at the base of the petiole of the radial and cubital veins, and another joining the hind border of the stigma, which is also brown. Halteres testaceous, with brownish knobs. Abdomen lurid, with a brown dorsal stripe. Legs minutely pubescent ; tarsi and tips of the femora and of the tibiae blackish ; femora testaceous ; tibiae ferruginous. Male. Antenna rather more than half the length of the body. Fern. Antennae a little shorter than the thorax. Rare. In Mr. Haliday's collection. (I.) TIPULA. 823 6. varipennis, Hoffm. ; Meig. Zw. i. 183.20 (1818); Schumm.; Stseg. ; Zett. D. S. — simplicicornis, Zett. I. L. Cana, thorace vittis quatuor fuscis, alis cinereis maculis albidis, venis fusco-limbatis, abdo- mine cinereo segmentorum raarginibus posticis testaceis, pedibus nigris ; Mas, feraoribus basi testaoeis; Foem. femoribus tibiisque testaceis. Long. 6; alar. 12-14 lin. Hoary. Palpi and antennae black. Thorax with four brown stripes ; metathorax and pectus whitish. Wings grey, with some whitish spots in the disc, and with a lurid tinge along the costa ; veins slightly clouded with brown. Halteres testaceous, with brown knobs. Abdo- men grey; hind borders of the segments slightly testaceous. Legs black. Male. Femora testaceous towards the base. Fern. Femora and tibiae testaceous. Not common. (E. S. I.) 7. lineola, Meg.; Meig. Zw. i. 181. 18 (1818). Cana, thorace vittis tribus fuscis, alis albidis, abdomine testaceo vitta dorsali nigra, pedibus testaceis, femoribus tibiisque apice tarsisque fuscis. — Var. (3. Alis cinereo-nebulosis. Long. 6; alar. 10-11 lin. Hoary. Palpi and antennae black. Thorax with three brown stripes. Pectus and metathorax whitish. Wings nearly limpid ; veins brownish ; stigma whitish. Halteres whitish. Abdomen testaceous, with a slender black dorsal stripe. Legs testaceous ; tarsi and tips of the femora and of the tibiae brown. — Var. ft. Wings grey ; disc of the areolet whitish. Not common. (E.) 8. excisa, Schumm. Tip. 42. 13 (1833). — montana, Curt. — specu- lum, Zett. Cana, antennis testaceis nigro-cinctis, thorace vittis tribus duplicatis fuscis, alis cinereis albo-maculatis apud stigma fuscis, abdo- raine lurido, pedibus testaceis, femoribus apice tarsisque nigris. Long. 7 ; alar. 16 lin. Hoary. Proboscis ferruginous. Palpi black. Antennae testaceous, with black rings, wholly black towards the tips. Thorax with three double brown stripes; raetathorax and pectus whitish. Wings grey, with several white spots, brown about the stigma, which is also brown. Halteres testaceous, with brown knobs. Abdomen lurid. Legs testa- ceous, pubescent; femora with black tips; tarsi black, testaceous towards the base. Inhabits the summits of mountains. (E. S. I.) 9. nubeculosa, Meig. Zw. i. 174. 7 (1818); Mcq.; Zett.; Schumm.; Gimm.; Staeg. ; Ross. (V.). — hortorum, L. ? F. — obsoleta? Meig. ; Schumm. ; Zett. — guttulifera ? Zett. Cana, thorace vittis septem fuscis^ alis subcinereis maculis albidis fuscisque, abdomine testaceo vittis duabus nigris, pedibus testaceis, femoribus tibiisque apice tarsisque ni- gris. Long. 6-7 ; alar. 14-16 lin. Hoary. Proboscis tawny. Palpi and antennae blackish, testaceous towards the base. Thorax with seven brown stripes, the two outer pail short, the middle one very slender. Pectus and metathorax whitish. 324 TIPULID^. WTings greyish, with several whitish spots, and with three brown spots along the costa, and with a fourth between the subanal vein and the anal vein ; stigma brown. Halteres testaceous, with brownish knobs. Abdomen testaceous, with a black stripe on each side. Legs testa- ceous ; tarsi and tips of the femora and of the tibiae black. Common. (E. S. I.) 10. pabulina, Meig. Zw. i. 180. 16 (1818); Mcq.; Schumm.; Staeg. ; Zett. — hortorum ? L. Cinerea, thorace vittis quatuor fuscis, alis subcinereis maculis diifusis albidis, stigmate fusco, abdomine ci- nereo-fusco segmentorum raarginibus basique testaceis, pedibus testa- ceis. Long. 5-7 ; alar. 14-16 lin. Cinereous. Proboscis ferruginous. Palpi and antennae black, tes- taceous towards the base. Thorax with four brown stripes; sides, pectus, and metathorax hoary. Wings very slightly greyish, with four irregular whitish spots in the disc, and one between the tip and the stigma, which is brown ; transverse veinlets slightly clouded with brown. Halteres testaceous ; clubs partly brown. Abdomen greyish- brown ; hind borders of the segments and base testaceous. Legs tes- taceous ; femora and tibiae darker at the tips ; tarsi black towards the tips. Common. (E. S. I.) 11. lateralis, Meig. Zw.i. 174.6(1818); Mcq.; Schumm.; Zett. ; Staeg. ; Ross. (V.). Cana, thoracis disco cinereo-fusco vittis duabus canis, alis cinereis signa obliqua alba, abdomine supra cinereo-fusco vitta cana, pedibus testaceis, femoribus tibiisque apice tarsisque nigris. Long. 5- 7; alar. 12-14 lin. Greyish-brown. Head hoary in front and beneath. Palpi and an- tennae black. Thorax with two hoary stripes ; fore part, hind part, sides, and pectus hoary. Wings grey, icith an oblique white mark by the stigma, which is blackish ; transverse veinlets clouded with black. Halteres testaceous ; knobs black. Dorsal stripe and under side of the abdomen hoary. Legs testaceous ; tarsi and tips of the femora and of the tibiae black. Common. (E. S. I.) 12. marginata? Meig. Zw. i. 173. 5 (1818); Mcq.; Schumm.; Staeg. ; Zett. Cana, thorace vittis sex indistinctis cinereis, alis cinereis albo-univittatis et unimaculatis, abdomine vittis duabus lateralibus nigris, pedibus testaceis, femoribus tibiisque apice tarsisque nigricantibus. Long. 7-8; alar. 14-16 lin. Hoary. Proboscis piceous. Palpi and antennae black, the latter testaceous at the base. Thorax with six indistinct cinereous stripes ; metathorax and pectus whitish. Wings grey, with a white spot between the subanal vein and the third ex ter no -medial vein, connected with a white undulating stripe, which is dilated at the base, and extends from near the discal spot to the tip. Halteres piceous. Abdomen with a black stripe TIPULA. 325 along each side. Legs testaceous, pubescent ; femora and tibiae towards the tips and tarsi blackish. Not common. (E.) 13. vemalis, Meig. Zw. i. 182. 19 (1818); Mcq.; Schumm.; Giinm. ; Staeg. ; Ross. (V.) ; Zett. Cana, thorace vittis tribus fuscis, alls cinereis apud discum albidis, abdomine fulvo vitta dorsali nigra, pedibus fulvis, femoribus tibiisque apice tarsisque nigris. Long. 5-6 ; alar. 12-14 lin. Hoary. Proboscis ferruginous on each side. Palpi and antennae black; second joint of the antennas testaceous. Thorax with three brown stripes, the middle one very broad. Wings grey, whitish in most of the disc, the white part terminating by the discal areolet, and by the stigma, which is brown; transverse veinlets slightly clouded with brown. Halteres testaceous, with blackish knobs. Abdomen tawny, with a black dorsal stripe, which is interrupted on the hind border of each segment. Legs tawny, rather short ; tips of the femora, tibia3 towards the tips, and tarsi, black. Not rare. (E. S. I.) 14. paludosa, Meig. Zw.vi. 289. 50 (1830); Schumm.; Staeg.; Zett. Cinerea, thorace victis quatuor nigris, alls subcinereis parvis, abdomine ferrugineo, pedibus fulvis validis, femoribus tibiisque apice tarsisque nigris. Long. 7-11; alar. 10-16 lin. Cinereous. Proboscis tawny. Plalpi and antennae tawny, black towards the tips. Thorax with four indistinct slender black stripes ; metathorax and pectus whitish. Wings short, grey, with a slight lurid tinge, brown along the costa. Halteres testaceous ; knobs tawny. Ab- domen long, especially in .the female, ferruginous. Legs tawny, stout, pubescent ; femora and tibiae with black tips ; tarsi black, tawny towards the base. Not common. (E. I.) 15. oleracea, L. F. S. 1740 (1761); F. ; D. G. ; Schr. ; Gmel. ; Latr. ; Meig. ; Mcq. ; Zett. ; Schumm. ; Gimm. ; Staeg. ; Ross. (V.). Cana, thorace vittis quatuor fuscis, alis subcinereis ad costain lurid is vitta subcostal! limpida, pedibus testaceis, femoribus tibiisque apice tar- sisque nigris. Long. 7-10; alar. 14-20 lin. Hoary. Proboscis tawny. Palpi brown. Antennae black, tawny towards the base. Thorax with four indistinct brown stripes. Meta- thorax and pectus whitish. Wings slightly greyish, lurid along the costa, and with a limpid stripe behind it. Halteres testaceous, blackish at each end. Hind borders of the abdominal segments testaceous. Legs testaceous, pubescent ; femora and tibiae generally blackish at the tips ; tarsi black, testaceous towards the base. Male. Abdomen tes- taceous at the tip. Fern. Abdomen tawny at the tip. Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 16. flavolineata, Meig. Zw. i. 185. 24 (1818); Mcq.; Staeg.; 326 TIPULID^E. Zett. — juncea? Hoffm. ; Meig. — longicornis, Curt.! B. E. Cinerea, thorace vittis quatuor fuscis, alls subcinereis, stigmate fusco antice albo, abdomine nigro-cinereo basi subtusque lurido maculis lateralibus flavis, pedibus fulvis, femoribus tibiisque apice tarsisque nigris. Long. 7-12 ; alar. 16-20 lin. Cinereous. Proboscis and palpi tawny. Antennae black, testaceous towards the base. Thorax with four brown stripes, the outer pair short. Pectus and metathorax whitish. Wings greyish ; stigma brown, whitish in front, a luteous tinge at the base and along the costa. Hal- teres testaceous, with blackish knobs, blackish-grey, lurid at the base and beneath, and partly so along each side, hind borders of the segments towards the tips pale yellow. Legs tawny ; tarsi and tips of the femora and of the tibiae black. Male. Antennas nearly as long as the abdo- men. Item. Antennas shorter than the thorax. Abdomen long, much compressed. Bare. (E.) 17. nodicornis? Hoffm.; Meig. Zw.i. 185. 23(1818); Schumm.; Staeg. ; Ross. (V.) ; Zett. — -juncea, Hoffm. ; Meig. Cana, thorace vittis quatuor fuscis, alis subcinerascentibus macula apud stigma albida, ab- domine mtta dorsali lutea fasciisqw posticis flams, pedibus fulvis, femo- ribus tibiis tarsisque apice nigris. Long. 6^; alar. 15 lin. Hoary. Head whitish. Palpi dull testaceous. Antennae brown, testaceous towards the base. Thorax with four brown stripes. Pectus and metathorax whitish. Wings very slightly greyish, testaceous along the costa, with a small whitish spot by the stigma, which is sometimes partly brown. Halteres testaceous, with darker knobs. Abdomen with a luteous dorsal stripe ; subapical segments with pale yellow hind borders ; tip tawny. Legs tawny ; femora and tibiae with black tips ; tarsi fer- ruginous, black towards the tips. Rare. (E.) 18. nigra, L. F. S. 1748 (1761); F. ; Schr. ; Gmel. ; Meig.; Mcq. ; Schumm. ; Sta3g. ; Ross. (V.) ; Zett. — verticillata, F. Nigra aut ferruginea, alis fuscis, stigmate nigro-fusco. Long. 5-6 £; alar. 9 lin. Black. Head dark ferruginous. Palpi ferruginous towards the base. First joint of the antennas ferruginous ; second tawny. Wings brown ; stigma dark brown ; veins black. Tibiae ferruginous, black towards the tips ; tarsi tawny towards the base. Male. Antennae longer than the thorax. Legs rather long. Fern. Antennae shorter than the thorax. Legs rather short. — Var. Male and Fern. Ferruginous. Tarsi black. Rare. (E.) 19. pruinosa, Hoffm.; Meig. Zw. i. 191. 32 (1818); Mcq.; Schumm. ; Gimm. ; Staeg. ; Zett. Albido-cana, palpis antennisque nigris, thorace vittis trib us fuscis, alis subfuscescentibus, stigmate fusco, abdomine vittis duabus fuscis, pedibus fulvis, femoribus tibiisque apice tarsisque nigris. Long. 6-7; alar. 11-13 lin. TIPULA. 327 Whitish-hoary. Palpi and antennae black. Thorax with three broad brown stripes. Wings slightly brownish ; stigma brown ; veins black, tawny towards the base. Halteres tawny, with brownish knobs. Ab- domen with a brown stripe along each side ; tip ferruginous. Legs tawny, slender ; tarsi and tips of the femora and of the tibiae black. Male. Antennae more than thrice the length of the proboscis. Fern. Antennas more than twice the length of the proboscis. Bare. In the British Museum. (E. I.) 20. plumbea, P. Sp. Ins. ii. 403. 15 (1781) ; Gmel. ; Meig. Cana, thorace vittis guatuor fuscis, alis limpidis, venis cinereo-sublim- batis, pedibus nigris, femoribus basi testaceis ; Fcetn. alis abbreviatis, pedibus breviusculis validis. Long. 4—5 ; alar. 7—11 lin. Hoary. Palpi and antennae black. Thorax with four brown stripes, the outer pair short. Pectus and metathorax whitish. Wings limpid, slightly clouded with grey along the veins ; veins black, pale testaceous at the base. Halteres testaceous, with black knobs. Legs black ; femora testaceous towards the base. Fern. Wings not extending beyond the tip of the abdomen. Legs short, stout. Abundant on the moors of the North of England in the spring. (E.) 21. fimbriata? Meig. Zw. i. 190. 31 (1818).— -fusca? Staeg. ; Zett. Mas, cana, thoracis disco cinereo vittis tribus fuscis, alis cinereis basi costaque luridis, abdomine luteo vitta dorsali nigra segmentorum margiuibus posticis flavis, pedibus fulvis, femoribus tibiisque apice tar- sisque nigris. Long. 6 ; alar. 15 lin. Male. Hoary. Head beneath and palpi testaceous, the latter brown towards the tips. Antennae black, testaceous at the base, full five times the length of the proboscis. Disc of the thorax cinereous, with three brown stripes, the lateral pair indistinct. Wings grey, lurid at the base and along the costa ; no stigma ; veins black, testaceous to- wards the base. Halteres testaceous. Abdomen luteous, with a black stripe above and another beneath; hind borders of the segments pale yellow. Legs tawny, long and slender ; tarsi and tips of the femora and of the tibiae black. Rare. In the British Museum. (E.) 22. dispar, Hal. E. M. i. 155 (1833). Cinerea, thorace vittis duabus fuscis, alis subcinereis macula apud stigma albida, abdominis basi lateribusque luridis, femoribus basi testaceis ; Fcem. alis brevissi- mis. Long. 5-6 ; alar. 12 lin. Cinereous. Palpi and antennas black. Thorax with two brown stripes, which taper hindward. Pectus and metathorax whitish. Wings greyish, with a small whitish spot by the stigma, which is pale brown. Halteres testaceous. Abdomen lurid at the base and along each side. Femora testaceous towards the base. Fern. Wings rudi- 328 TIPULIDTE. Common on mountains and moors ; more rare in cultivated low- lands. (E. I.) 23. melanoceras, Schumm. Tip. 75. 30 (1833). Fcem. cana, antennis nigris, thorace vittis tribus fuscis media lata macula laterali alba, alis limpidis, stigmate fusco, abdomine lurido vitta dorsali fusca, pedibus testaceis, femoribus tibiis tarsi sque apice fuscis. Long. 7 ; alar. 12 lin. Fern. Hoary. Antennae black, very much shorter than the thorax. Thorax with three brown stripes, the middle one broad ; the lateral pair short and slender ; a white spot on each side. Wings limpid ; veins brown, testaceous towards the base and along the costa ; stigma small, brown. Halteres testaceous. Abdomen lurid, with a brown dorsal stripe. Legs testaceous, rather stout ; tips of the femora, of the tibiae, and of the tarsi, brown. Yery rare. In Mr. Haliday's collection. (I.) 24. luteipennis, Meig. Zw. vi. 288. 48 (1830); Schumm.; Sta3g. ; Zett. Cana, antennis fuscis basi testaceis, thorace vittis quatuor dorsalibus fuscis duabusque lateralibus flavis, alis subcinereis basi cos- taque luridis, stigmate flavo, abdomine nigricante vitta lutea margini- bus subapicalibus flavis, pedibus fulvis, femoribus tibiisque apice tar- sisque nigris. Long. 10-11 ; alar. 18-20 lin. Hoary. Head beneath and palpi testaceous. Antennae brown, tes- taceous towards the base. Thorax with a yellow stripe on each side, and with four brown dorsal stripes. Wings very slightly greyish, with a lurid tinge at the base and along the fore border ; stigma yellow ; veins black, tawny towards the base. Halteres testaceous, with brownish tips. Abdomen blackish, with a luteous stripe above and another be- neath ; hind borders of the segments towards the tip yellow ; tip fer- ruginous. Legs tawny ; tarsi towards the tips, and tips of the femora and of the tibiae black. Fern. Antennae rather more than twice the length of the proboscis. Much resembles T. flavolineata, but the abdomen is shorter and less compressed, and the stigma is wholly yellow. Rare. 25. lunata, L. F. S. 1744 (1761) ; D. G. ; Schr. ; Gmel.; Latr. ; Meig. ; Mcq. ; Schumm. ; Staeg. ; Zett. Cana, thorace vittis quatuor fuscis, alis subcinereis fascia obliqua alba, abdominis apice testaceo, pedibus nigris, femoribus tibiisque basi pallidis. Long. 6-7 ; alar. 14-15 lin. Hoary. Palpi and antennae black, the latter tawny towards the base in the male. Thorax with four brown stripes, the lateral pair short. Metathorax and pectus white. Wings slightly grey, with an oblique white band behind the stigma, which is brown. Halteres tes- taceous, with brown knobs. Abdomen testaceous at the tip. Legs TIPULA. 329 black ; femora tawny, with black tips ; tibiae ferruginous towards the base. Not rare. (E.) 26. ochracea, Meig. Zw. i. 186. 25 (1818); Mcq.; Zett.; Schuram.; Gimra. ; Steeg. ; Ross. (V.). — lunata, F. Testacea, alis subcinereis fascia obliqua alba, femoribus apice tarsisque fuscis. Long. 7-8 ; alar. 16 lin. Testaceous. Palpi black towards the tips. Antennae black, testaceous towards the base. Wings slightly greyish, with a short oblique white band by the stigma, which is brown. Halteres with brownish knobs. Abdomen occasionally with a greyish dorsal stripe ; tip ferruginous. Tarsi and tips of the femora brown. Common. (E. S. I.) 27. Selene, Meig. Zw. vi. 288. 49 (1830) ; Schumm. ; Sta3g. ; Zett. Cinerea, thorace vittis quatuor fuscis, alis subcinereis fascia brevi alba, stigmate fusco, abdomine nigro-cinereo vittis lateralibus luridis, pedibus fulvis, femoribus tibiisque apice tarsisque nigris. Long. 11 ; alar. 22 lin. Cinereous. Proboscis and palpi tawny. Antennas black, testaceous towards the base. Thorax with four brown stripes, the outer pair short. Pectus and metathorax whitish. Wings greyish, with a short white band adjoining the stigma, which is brown. Halteres testaceous, with blackish knobs. Abdomen blackish-grey, with a lurid stripe extending along each side, and dilated towards the base. Legs tawny ; tarsi and tips of the femora and of the tibiae black. Not common. (E.) 28. fascipennis, Hoffm.; Meig. Zw. i. 187. 26 (1818) ; Mcq.; Schumm. ; Zett. ; Gimm. ; Stasg. Albida, capite fulvo, thoracis disco fusco, alis subcinereis fascia obliqua alba, abdomine lurido vitta dorsali apiceque piceis, pedibus nigris, femoribus basi testaceis. Long. 6-7 ; alar. 16 lin. Brown. Head tawny. Palpi and antenna black, the latter tawny at the base. Sides of the thorax, metathorax, and pectus whitish. Wings greyish, with a slight testaceous tinge along the costa, and with an oblique white band behind the stigma, which is whitish-testaceous, bor- dered with grey. * Halteres testaceous, with brown knobs. Abdomen lurid ; dorsal stripe and tip piceous. Legs black ; femora testaceous, blackish towards the tips. Not rare. (E. S. I.) 29. Selenitica, Hoffm. ; Meig. Zw. i. 187. 27 (1818). Ochracea, thorace vittis quatuor fuscis, alis subcinereis fascia arcuata alba, stigmate flavo, abdomine vittis tribus fuscis, pedibus testaceis, tarsis nigrican- tibus. Long. 8 ; alar. 14 lin. Fern. Ochraceous. Palpi hairy, black towards the tips. Antenna? brown, testaceous towards the base, about twice the length of the pro- boscis. Thorax ivith four brown stripes. Wings greyish, with a slight •VOL. iv. 2 u 330 TIPULID^E. luteous tinge at the base and in front, and with a short curved white band adjoining the stigma, which is yellow ; veins testaceous. Halteres testaceous. Abdomen with three brown stripes; tip ferruginous. Legs testaceous ; tarsi blackish, testaceous towards the base. Eare. In the British Museum. (E.) 30. vaga, n. Mas,pallidejlavay antennis nigris basi flavis, thoracis disco nigro, alis subcinereis fascia furcata albida, abdomine testaceo vitta dorsali nigro-cinerea segmentorum marginibus posticis flavis, pe- dibus testaceis, femoribus tibiisque apice tarsisque nigris. Long. 6 ; alar. 12 liu. Male. Pale yellow. Antennas black, setaceous, shorter than the thorax, with very few and short hairs ; first and second joints yellow ; first brown towards the tip. Disc of the thorax black. Wings slightly greyish, with a whitish forked band by the small brown stigma ; fore fork extending towards the tip of the wing ; hind fork passing through the discal areolet nearly to the hind border of the wing ; veins brown, simple in front of the discal areolet. Halteres with brown knobs. Ab- domen testaceous, subobclavate, with a greyish-black dorsal stripe, which widens from the base to the tip ; hind borders of the segments pale yellow. Legs testaceous, rather long and slender ; tarsi and tips of the femora and of the tibiae black. Very rare. In the collection of the Eev. L. Jenyns. (E.) 31. annulicornis, Meig. Zw. vi. 289. 51 (1830). — varicornis, Schumm. Fulva, thoracis disco cinereo vittis quatuor fuscis, alis sub- fuscescentibus apud venas obscurioribus macula albida, abdomine fascia subapicali nigra, pedibus fulvis, femoribus tarsisque apice nigris. Long. 5-6; alar. 10-12 lin. Tawny. Antennae with a black band at the base of the fourth and of all the following joints. Disc of the thorax grey, with four brown stripes. Wings very slightly tinged with pale brown ; some of the veins clouded with darker brown ; a whitish diffuse spot behind the stigma, which is brown. Halteres testaceous. Abdomen with a black band near the tip. Legs pale tawny; tips of the femora and tarsi towards the tips black. Not common. (E. S. I.) All the following species of Tipula belong to the genus PacJiy- rhina of Meigen, which may be thus characterized : — PACHYIIHINA, Mcq. ; StaBg. ; Eoss. (V.) ; Zett. D. S. Tipula p., L. ; F. ; Gmel. ; Scop. ; Meig. ; Zett. I. L. ; Schumm. ; Gimm. Corpus magnum, elongatum, cylindricum, glabriculum. Caput parvum, rotundatum. Frons antice prominula. Oculi remoti. Proboscis longiuscula, crassa, cylindrica, apice superne acuta. Palpi 4-articu- lati, incurvi, subcylindrici ; articuli primus, secundus, et tertius sub- aequales; quartus longior et paullo angustior. Antenna 13-articu- TIPULA. 331 latse, porrectae, simplices, pilosae, subfiliformes, extrorsum subsetaceae, deorsum arcuatae ; articulus primus subobconicus ; secundus brevis- simus, cyathiformis ; tertius et sequentes cylindrici, versus apicem sensim angustiores. Prothorax distinctus. Thorax ellipticus. Scu- tellum parvum. Metathorax subconvexus. Ala3 lanceolatae, diva- ricatae, basi angustae, apice rotundatae. Abdomen segmentis octo, elongatum, cylindricum. Pedes longi, graciles, nudiusculi, inermes ; coxae breves; tibiae calcaribus brevibus; ungues parvi. Mas. An- tennae thorace vix breviores. Anus obtusus, subclavatus, appendi- culatus. Fcem. Antennaa thorace paullo breviores. Anus acutus, stylis duobus subulatis rectis, plerumque elongatis. Body large, long, slender, cylindrical, nearly smooth. Head small, rounded, slightly attenuated behind; front rather prominent. Eyes remote. Proboscis thick, cylindrical, acute at the tip above. Palpi four-jointed ; first, second, and third joints nearly equal ; fourth longer and more slender. Antennae thirteen-jointed, porrect, simple, pilose, nearly filiform, setaceous towards the tips ; first joint somewhat obco- nical ; second cyathiform, very short ; the rest cylindrical, more slender towards the tips. Prothorax distinct. Scutellum small. Metathorax slightly convex. Wings lanceolate, divaricate, narrow at the base, rounded at the tips; subcostal vein approaching the costa at the stigma, then receding from it, and joining it at four-fifths of the length, connected with the radial by a short veinlet adjoining the stigma ; ra- dial and cubital springing from a common petiole, which is about one- fourth of their length, and proceeds from the subcostal at two-thirds of the length ; cubital forked very near its base ; its hind fork forming an angle near the base, and there connected by a transverse veinlet with the third externo-medial ; the middle of this veinlet emits the second externo-medial, and the latter is connected with the cubital by another veinlet, which forms an angle in front, and then emits the first externo- medial ; third externo-medial angular at its junction with the veinlet, which is continued across it to the subanal ; anal and axillary complete ; discal areolct pentagonal. Abdomen long, cylindrical, with eight seg- ments. Legs long, slender, unarmed, nearly bare ; coxae short ; tibiae with two short spurs ; ungues small. Male. Antennae hardly shorter than the thorax. Abdomen at the tip obtuse, subclavate, with various appendages. Fern. Antennae a little shorter than the thorax. Tip of the abdomen acute, with two subulate straight generally elongated styles. 32. cornicina, L. F. 8.1747(1761); F. ; Schr. ; Gmel. ; Meig.; Mcq. ; Staeg. ; Zett. — sannio, Meig. — iridicolor, Schumm. Flava, ca- pite macula fusca, antennis fuscis basi flavis, thorace vittis tribus nigris, alls limpidis, stigmate fusco, abdomine testaceo vittis tribus fuscis, pe- dibus testaceis, femoribus tibiisque apice tarsisque uigricantibus. Long. 6 ; alar. 11 lin. Yellow. Head with a brown spot behind. Antennaj brown, yellow 332 TIPULIDjf). at the base. Thorax with three black stripes ; the middle pair short. Pectus and sides of the thorax pale yellow, with a few black spots ; metathorax with a brown stripe, flings limpid; stigma brown ; veins between the stigma and the hind border slightly clouded with brown. Halteres yellow. Abdomen testaceous, with three brown stripes ; the dorsal stripe moderately broad ; the lateral stripes narrow. Legs tes- taceous ; tarsi and tips of the femora and of the tibiae blackish. Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 33. quadrifaria, Meig. Zw. i. 199. 43(1818); Schumm.; Curt. Flava, capite macula nigra, antennis nigris basi testaceis, thorace vittis tribus nigris, alls sublimpidis fascia fusca, stigmate nigro-fusco, abdo- mine vitta nigra, pedibus testaceis, femoribus tibiisque apice tarsisque nigris. Long. 5^-6; alar. 12 lin. Yellow. Head luteous, with a triangular black spot behind. Pro- boscis brownish above. Antennae black, testaceous towards the base. Thorax with three broad black stripes ; the lateral pair including two yellow spots ; metathorax with three black stripes. Pectus with black spots. Wings nearly limpid, with a more or less conspicuous brown band behind the stigma, which is dark brown ; tips generally greyish. Hal- teres testaceous, or brown. Abdomen with a black dorsal stripe. Legs testaceous ; tarsi and tips of the femora and of the tibia3 black. Male'. Dorsal stripe of the abdomen interrupted on the fore border of each segment. Fern. Dorsal stripe of the abdomen dilated on the hind border of each segment. Not rare. (E.) 34. scurra, Hoffm.; Meig. Zw. i. 198. 41 (1818); Mcq. ; Zett. ; Schumm. ; Sta3g. ; Ross. (V.). Luteo-flava, capite macula nigra, thorace vittis tribus nigris, alis subluridis, stigmate pallide fusco, abdomine vitta nigra, pedibus luteis, femoribus tibiisque apice tarsisque nigris. Long. 5-6; alar. 10-11 lin. Luteous-yellow. Head with a triangular black spot behind. Pro- boscis with a black stripe above. Palpi and antennas black, the latter luteous at the base. Thorax with three black stripes, the lateral pair short ; sides and pectus with black spots. Wings slightly lurid ; stigma very pale brown. Halteres yellowish. Abdomen with a black stripe above and below, interrupted in the female. Legs luteous ; tarsi and tips of the femora and of the tibire black. This species closely resembles P. pratensis, but may be distin- guished by its deeper colour, the different form of the stripes and spots of the thorax, and the lurid tinge of the wings. Not com- mon. (E. I.) 35. flavescens, L.; F. E. S. iv. 237. 13 (1792); Meig.; Mcq.; Schumm. ; Stasg. ; Ross. (V.).— -flavo-maculata, D. G. — lineata, Schr. — maculosa, Zett. I. L. Flava, capite macula nigra, palpis antennisque nigris, thorace vittis tribus nigris, alis subcmereis, stigmate pallide CTENOPHORA. 666 fusco, abdomine luteo fascia interrupta maculisque lateralibus nigris, pedibus nigris, femoribus basi fulvis. Long. 4|-6 ; alar. 9-11 lin. Yellow. Head luteous, with a black triangular spot behind, and a black dot on each side. Proboscis with a black stripe above. Palpi and antenna? black. Thorax with three black stripes, the lateral pair short ; sides and pectus with black spots. Wings greyish, narrower than those of P. pratensis, with a testaceous tinge along the costa ; stigma pale brown. Halteres testaceous, with blackish knobs. Abdo- men luteous, with an interrupted black stripe ; a row of black spots along each side. Legs black ; femora tawny, black towards the tips. Common. (E. S. I.) 36. imperialis, Meg. ; Meig. Zw. i. 196. 39 (1818) ; Mcq. ; Schumm. ; Staeg. ; Zett. — scalaris, Hoifm. ; Meig. ; Ross. (V.). Flava, capite luteo striga nigra, antennis nigris basi pallidis, thorace vittis tribus nigris, alls sublimpidis, abdomine. vitta dorsali interrupta nigra, pedibus testaceis, femoribus tibiisque apice tarsisque nigris. Long. 8-9; alar. 14-15 lin. Yellow. Head luteous, with a black streak behind. Proboscis and palpi testaceous. Antennas black, luteous, or yellow at the base. Thorax with three broad black stripes, the middle one in advance ; scutellum brown. Metathorax with a brown stripe, and sometimes with a brown spot, on each side. Wings nearly limpid; stigma dark brown; veins black, testaceous at the base. Halteres testaceous ; club partly brown. Abdomen with a black dorsal stripe, which is generally interrupted on the fore border of each segment. Legs testaceous, long, slender ; tarsi, except towards the base, and tips of the femora and of the tibia3, black. Not rare. (E. S. I.) 37. crocata, L. F. S. 1739 (1761); F. ; Gmel.; Meig.; Mcq.; Gimm. ; Zett. ; Schumm. ; Sta3g. ; Ross. (V.). — Jlavo-fasciata, D. G. 4 Ira, macula verticis, thoracis fascia antica maculisque lateralibus flavis, alis cinereis fusco-nebulosis, stigmate nigro, abdomine fasciis tribus luteis, femoribus basi fulvis. Long. 10; alar. 12 lin. Deep black. Head with a luteous spot on the vertex. Thorax with a short yellow band in front, and with luteous spots along each side. Win(j8 grey, more or less clouded with brown ; stigma black. Halteres piceous. Abdomen with three luteous bands ; femora tawny towards the base. Not common. (E. I.) Genus XVI. CTENOPHORA. CTENOPHORA, F. S. A. 17- (1805) ; Meig. ; Curt. ; Mcq. ; Zett. ; Gimra. Tipula p., L. ; Schr. ; F. E. S. ; Gmel. Tanyptera, Latr. Didenidia et Xipliura, Brulle. Corpus magnum, oblongum, robustum, glabriculum, saepissimc mtidum. 334 TIPULIDA. Caput transversum. Oculi rotundi, remoti. Eostrum breviusculum, crassum, antice superne acuininatum. Palpi 4-articulati, cylindrici, incurvi, pubescentes ; articulus primus brevior ; secundus et tertius aequales, subclavati ; quartus longissimus, angustior. Antenna3 13- articulatae, porrectae; articulus primus subcylindricus; secundus parvus globosus aut brevi-cyathiforrais ; tertius oblongus, interdum difformis ; tredecimus minor, simplex. Prothorax distinctus, elevatus. Thorax convexus. Alae mediocres, divaricate. Abdomen segmentis octo, crassiusculum. Pedes modice longi, validi, inermes ; coxae breves ; tibias apice bicalcaratae. Mas. Antennae pectinatae, thorace vix bre- viores. Abdomen cylindricum ; anus elevatus, clavatus, varie appen- diculatus. Fcem. Antennae simplices, breviores. Abdomen lanceolatum vel fusiforme, ano plerumque elongate, stylis 2, subensiformibus. Body large, oblong, robust, nearly smooth, generally shining. Head transverse. Eyes round, remote. Proboscis thick, rather short, pointed above in front. Palpi four-jointed, cylindrical, curved, decumbent, pu- bescent ; second and third joints of equal length, subclavate, longer than the first ; fourth very long, more slender. Antennae thirteen-jointed, porrect ; first joint nearly cylindrical ; second small, globose or short- cyathiform ; third oblong, occasionally distorted ; thirteenth smaller than the others. Prothorax distinct, elevated. Thorax convex, elongate- oval. Wings moderately broad, divaricate, lanceolate ; mediastinal vein ending in a transverse veinlet by the stigma at a little beyond two-thirds of the length of the wing ; subcostal ending at five-sixths of the length, connected by a veinlet at the tip of the stigma with the radial ; radial and cubital springing from a common petiole, which they much exceed in length, and which proceeds from the subcostal at half the length of the wing ; cubital forming near its base an angle, which emits to the third extern o^nedial a transverse veinlet ; this also forms an angle whence proceeds the first externo-medial ; the latter is forked at half its length or before, and near its fork is connected again with the third externo-medial by an oblique veinlet whose middle emits the second externo-medial ; another oblique veinlet connects the third externo- medial with the subanal ; anal and axillary veins complete ; discal areolet pentagonal. Abdomen with eight segments, rather thick. Legs mo- derately long, stout, unarmed ; coxas short ; tibiae with two spurs at the tips. Male. Antennae pectinated, hardly shorter than the thorax ; tip elevated, clavate, and with various appendages. Fern. Antennae simple, shorter than those of the male. Abdomen lanceolate, or fusi- form, generally elongated and attenuated towards the tip, with two subensifonn styles. The Ctenopkora inhabit woods ; they excel the other Tipulida in their robust structure, their bright colours, and in the rapidity of their flight. The larvae feed in decayed trees. a. Male. Antennae with alternate long and short branches ; the long branches not much longer than the short ones. Fern. Antennae not CTENOPHORA. 335 much longer than the head. Abdomen compressed and slightly attenuated towards the tip. — Dictenidia, Brulle. Species 1. a a. Male. Antennae with alternate long and short branches ; the short branches hardly more than half the length of the long ones. Fern. Antennae much longer than the head ; joints, except the first, nearly globose. Abdomen nearly linear, compressed at the tip, hardly attenuated. Species 2. a a a. Male. Antennae with alternate long and short branches ; the former much longer than the latter. Fern. Antennae little longer than the head; joints transverse; third joint much dilated. Abdo- men fusiform, acuminated at the tip, but not compressed or attenu- ated. Species 3, 4. a a a a. Fern. Antennae as long as the thorax ; joints most cylindrical, successively decreasing in length from the third to the twelfth ; third very long. Abdomen fusiform for half the length from the base, from thence to the tip falciform, and much compressed and attenu- ated. Species 5, 6. 1. bimaculata, L. F. S. 1750 (1761) ; D. G. ; F. ; Gmel. ; Meig. ; Mcq. ; Brulle; Zett. ; Gimm. ; Staeg. ; Boss. (V.). Nigra, thorace vittis quatuor pedibusque fulvis, alis subcinereis fusco-bimaculatis, femoribus tibiisque apice tarsisque fulvis. Long. 5-6 ; alar. 9-10 lin. Black, shining. Proboscis ferruginous. Palpi testaceous, black to- wards the tips. Thorax tawny along each side, and with two tawny dorsal stripes. Wings nearly limpid, with a brown spot at the tip of the subcostal areolet, and with another at the tip of the wing ; trans- verse veinlets clouded with brown. Halteres tawny, with piceous knobs. Hind borders of the abdominal segments ferruginous. Legs luteous ; tarsi and tips of the femora and of the tibiae piceous. Not rare. (E.) 2. pectinicornis, L. F. S. 1735 (1761) ; F. ; Schr. ; Gmel. ; Latr. ; Meig. ; Curt. ; Mcq. ; Zett. ; Staeg. ; Ross. (V.). — nigro-crocea , D. G. — variegata, F. ; Meig. Kl. Nigra, thorace vittis duabus flavis, alis subcinereis macula costali fusca, abdomine fulvo, vitta dorsali apiceque nigris, pedibus fulvis, femoribus tibiisque apice tarsisque ni- gris ; Fcem. abdomine maculis lateralibus flavis. Long. 7-11 ; alar. 11-15 lin. Black, shining. Proboscis tawny on each side. Palpi tawny, black towards the tips. Antennae tawny at the base. Thorax yellow in front, and with a yellow stripe on each side. Wings slightly greyish, with a brown spot at the tip of the subcostal vein. Halteres testaceous. Ab- domen tawny ; dorsal stripe and tip black. Legs tawny ; femora and tibiae with blackish tips ; tarsi black. Fern. Abdomen with a row of yellow spots along each side ; the black dorsal stripe sometimes ex- tending over the whole surface except at the base. Not rare. Occurs near London, and as far west as the banks of the Wye, near Chepstow. In a pupa supposed to belong to 336 TIPULID^E. this species the six leg-cases are of the same length, exactly pa- rallel and adjacent, and being annulated, have the appearance of tracheae. The abdomen is armed with several strong conical spines, pointing mostly towards the tail : these spines assist in pushing the pupa out of the tree. 3. flaveolata, F. E. S. iv. 234. 6 (1792); Latr.; Meig. ; Curt.; Mcq. ; Gimm. ; Stseg. ; Eoss. (V.). — crocata, Schr. Nigra, thorace vittis duabus flavis, alis subflavescentibus macula costali fusca, abdo- minis segmentis Jlavo-fasciatis, pedibus luteis, tarsis nigris. Long. 9 ; alar. 15 lin. Black. Mouth tawny above. Palpi tawny towards the base. An- tennae tawny, brownish about the middle part. Thorax yellow in front, and with a yellow stripe on each side, and behind the wings with a whitish line on each side. Wings slightly yellowish, with a brown spot at the tip of the subcostal vein, and from thence to the tips with a slight brownish tinge along the costa. Halteres tawny. Abdomen yellow at the base, and with a yellow band on the hind border of each segment; tip ferruginous. Legs luteous; tarsi black, tawny towards the base. Eare. (E.) 4. omata, Meg. ; Meig. Zw. i. 166. 10 (1818) ; Curt. ! B. E. i. 5. Flava luteo varia, antennis pedibusque luteis, thoracis disco nigro fascia lutea, alis hyalinis apud costam fulvis, macula subapicali nigra, abdo- mine basi apiceque fasciis maculaque intermedia trigona nigris, tarsis ni- gris. Long. 8 ; alar. 16 lin. Yellow, partly luteous. Antenna and legs luteous. Disc of the thorax black, with the exception of a luteous band behind the middle. Wings hyaline, tawny along the costa, with a large costal subapical black spot. Abdomen with a black band on each segment, with the ex- ception of the middle part, which contains a triangular black spot. Tarsi black. Very rare. In Mr. Dale's collection. (E.) 5. atrata, L. F. S. 1749 (1761) ; F. ; Schr. ; Gmel. ; Latr. ; Meig. ; Mcq. ; Curt. ; Zett. ; Gimm. ; Eoss. (V.). — ichneumonea, D. G. ; Latr. — Villantiana, Brulle. — ruficornis, Sta3g. Nigra, antennis pedibusque fulvis, alis subluridis, abdomine basi luteo, tarsis piceis. Long. 10-12 ; alar. 13-15 lin. Black, shining. Antennce tawny, black at the base, brown towards the tips ; fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh joints white at the base. Wings with a slight lurid tinge ; a brown spot at the tip of the subcostal vein. Halteres piceous. Abdomen luteous towards the base. Legs tawny ; tarsi piceous, black towards the tips. Not common. (E. S.) 6. nigricornis, Meig. Zw. i. 159. 4 (1818); Mcq.; Curt.; Zett. — atrata, Meig. Kl. Nigra, antennis niyris, alis subcinereis, abdomine PTYCHOPTERA. 337 basi pedibusque luteis, femoribus tibiisque apice tarsisque nigris. Long. 6-7; alar. 8-10 lin. Black, shining. Antenna black. Wings slightly greyish, slightly testaceous at the base, with a brown spot at the tip of the subcostal vein. Halteres ferruginous. Abdomen luteous towards the base. Legs luteous ; tarsi and tips of the femora and of the tibia3 black. Not common. (E. S.) Genus XVII. PTYCHOPTERA. PTYCHOPTERA, P. S. A. 20 (1805) ; Meig. ; Mcq. ; Zett. ; Gimm. ; Sta3g. Tipula p., L. ; F. E. S. ; Scop. ; Schr. ; Gmel. ; Latr. Corpus magnum aut mediocre, elongatum, nitidum, glabriculum. Caput sessile. Oculi rotundi, remoti. Proboscis exserta, capitulo magno carnoso. Palpi 4-articulati, elongati, filiformes, incurvi, pilosuli ; articulus primus brevis ; secundus et tertius paullo longiores, aequales ; quartus longissimus, setaceus. Antennae 16-articulatae, porrectae, filiformes, pilosulae; articulus primus brevis, crassiusculus, cylindri- cus ; secundus brevissimus, cyathiformis ; tertius longissimus, filifor- mis ; quartus et sequentes oblongi ; sextus-decimus minor. Prothorax indistinctus. Thorax ovatus, supra convexus, striatus, antice nonnihil prominulus. Scutellum parvum. Metathorax convexiusculus, sat magnus. Alae divaricatse, modice Iata3, abdominis longitudine. Ab- domen segmentis octo, basi angustatum. Pedes mediocres, subpu- bcscentes, inermes ; coxa? modice longae ; femora apices versus leriiter crassiora ; tibiae apice calcaratae. Mas. Antenna? thorace paullo lon- giores. Abdomen apicem versus paullo incrassatum ; anus modice crassus, breviusculus, parum reflexus, appendiculis 4 magis exsertis subclavatis munitus. Foem. Antenna? thorace paullo breviores. Ab- domen apicem versus distincte incrassatum ; apex acutus, stylis analibus 2 modice longis, ensiformibus, parallelis, leniter incurvis. Body large or of moderate size, elongated, shining, nearly bare. Head sessile, transverse. Eyes round, rfmote. Rostrum rather short, slightly acute above in front. Proboscis prominent, with a large fleshy head. Palpi four-jointed, elongated, filiform, curved downward, some- what pilose ; first joint short ; second and third rather longer, of equal length ; fourth very long, setaceous. Antenna? sixteen-joiuted, porrect, filiform, slightly pilose ; first joint short, cylindrical, rather thick ; second cyathiform, very short; third filiform, very long; fourth and following joints oblong ; sixteenth smaller. Prothorax indistincj;. Tho- rax oval, convex, striated, slightly prominent in front. Scutellum small. Metathorax rather large, slightly convex. Wings divaricate, mode- rately broad, as long as the abdomen. Mediastinal vein ending at a little beyond two-thirds of the length of the wing; subcostal ending at five-sixths of the length, connected with the radial by a very shorl VOL. IV. 2 X 338 TIPULID.E. veinlet close to its tip ; radial and cubital springing from a common petiole, which is about one-sixth of their length, and proceeds from the subcostal at half the length of the wing, and is connected with the ex- terno-medial by a transverse veinlet at a little before its fork ; cubital forked at half its length ; externo-medial forked near its tip, connected with the subanal by a transverse veinlet, whose angle emits another externo-medial; subanal undulating beyond its junction with the ex- terno-medial ; anal curved near its tip towards the hind border ; axil- lary rudimental ; no discal areolet ; a streak or spurious longitudinal vein at a little in front of the externo-medial. Abdomen with eight segments, narrow at the base. Legs of moderate length, slightly pu- bescent, unarmed; coxae moderately long; femora rather thicker towards their tips ; tibia? with spurs at their tips. Male. Antennae a little longer than the thorax. Abdomen slightly incrassated towards the tip ; anus moderately thick, rather short, hardly reflexed, furnished with four subclavate appendages. Fern. Antennae a little shorter than the thorax. Abdomen distinctly incrassated towards the tip, which is acute; two anal, ensiform, parallel, slightly curved, moderately long styles. Larva aquatic, vermiform, very long, much narrower at the tip of the abdomen, which is terminated by a very long and delicate tube, serving to convey the air to two tracheae, which extend through the entire length of the body. The pupa on the contrary has the head fur- nished with a very long thread-like appendage, which has the same office as the anal tube of the larva ; its abdomen is terminated by four small points. These flies inhabit aquatic plants on ditches, and on the banks of ponds, from the spring to the autumn. a. Hind tarsi white. Species 1. a a. Hind tarsi not white. b. Wings spotted. c. Abdomen with tawny spots or bands. Species 2, 3. c c. Abdomen wholly black, except at the tip. Species 4. b b. WTings not spotted. Species 5. 1. albimana, F.E.S.iv*239. 24(1792); Gmel. ; Meig. ; Mcq.; Staeg. ; Ross. (V.) ; Zett. Nigra, scutello abdominisque maculis aut fasciis fulvis, alis subcinereis fusco-subfasciatis, pedibus testaceis, fe- moribus tibiisque apice tarsisque nigris, tarsis posticis albis. Long. 4-6; alar. 8-12 lin. Black. Proboscis and palpi tawny. Thorax with a tawny suture between the wings. Scutellum tawny. Wings slightly greyish ; trans- verse veinlets in the disc of the wing, and apical forks at their base clouded with brown. Halteres testaceous. Abdomen with two tawny spots on each side ; these spots vary in size and distinctness, and are sometimes united in the male ; tip tawny. Legs testaceous ; tarsi and tips of the femora and of the tibiae black; tibise darker than the fe- mora ; hind tarsi white, with black tips. PTYCHOPTEBA. 339 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 2. contaminata, L. F. S. 432. 1743 (1761) ; F. ; Schr. ; Gmel. ; Latr. ; Meig. ; Mcq. ; Zett. ; Gimm. ; Staeg. ; Ross. (V.). Nigra, scu- tello pedibusque fulvis, alls subcinereis fasciis tribus maculisque duabus fuscis, femoribus tibiisque apice tarsisque nigris ; Mas, abdomine maculis duabus lateralibus fasciaque fulvis ; Fcem. abdoraine maculis quatuor la- teralibus fulvis. Long. 3|-4 ; alar. 7-8 lin. Black, shining. Proboscis, palpi, and scutellum tawny. Wings slightly greyish, with three brown bands; the first near the base, abbre- viated hindward; second nearly reaching the hind border; third in- terrupted ; a brown spot on the base of the petiole of the radial, and cu- bital veins, and a brown dot on the tip of the mediastinal vein. Halteres testaceous. Abdomen tawny at the tip. Legs tawny ; tarsi towards the tips, and tips of the femora and of the tibias black. Male. Abdo- men with a tawny spot on each side, and with a tawny band nearer the tip. Fern. Abdomen with two tawny spots on each side. Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 3. lacustris, Meig. Zw. vi. 291. 5 (1830); Mcq.; Sta3g.; Ross. (V.) ; Zett. Nigra, scutello fulvo, alis subcinereis fasciis tribus fuscis, pedibus testaceis, femoribus tibiisque apice tarsisque nigris ; Mas, abdo- mine fasciis duabus fulvis ; Fcem. abdomine maculis quatuor lateralibus fulvis. Long. 3^ ; alar. 7 lin. Black. Proboscis and palpi testaceous. Thorax with a tawny suture between the wings. Scutellum generally tawny. Wings slightly greyish, with three brownish bands; the Jirst near the base, apparent only by the costa ; the second and third more complete than those of P. contaminata. Halteres testaceous. Abdomen tawny at the tip. Legs testaceous ; tarsi and tips of the femora and of the tibias black, the former dull testaceous towards the base. Male. Abdomen with two tawny bands. Fern. Abdomen with four lateral tawny spots. Not rare. (E. S.) 4. fasciata, Scop. Ent. Cam. 321. 855 (1763).— paludosa, Meig.; Mcq. ; Gimm. ; Sta3g. ; Ross. (V.) ; Zett. Nigra, alis subcinereis fasciis tribus maculaque fuscis, pedibus testaceis, femoribus tibiisque apice tar- sisque nigris. Long. 3|-4 ; alar. 7-8 lin. Black, shining. Proboscis and palpi testaceous. Wings slightly greyish, with three brown bands ; first and second abbreviated hind- ward; third interrupted ; a brown spot on the tip_of the mediastinal vein. Halteres testaceous. Legs testaceous ; tarsi towards the tips, and tips of the femora, and of the tibire, black. Male. Abdominal ap- pendages testaceous. Fern. Abdomen tawny at the tip. Not rare. (E. S. I.) 5. scutellaris, Hotfm. ; Meig. Zw. i. 206. 2 (1818) ; Zett. ; Gimm. ; Strcg. — nigra, F. Nigra, scutello fulvo, alis subcinereis, 340 RHYPHJD.E. pedibus testaceis, femoribus tibiisque apice tarsisque uigris. Long. 3|-4 ; alar. 7-8 lin. Black. Proboscis and palpi tawny. Thorax with a tawny suture between the wings. Scutellum tawny. Wings slightly greyish. Hal- teres testaceous. Abdomen testaceous at the tip. Legs testaceous ; tarsi, except at the base, and tips of the femora and of the tibiae, black. Perhaps a variety of P.fasciata. Bare. (E.) FAMILY XI. EHYPHID^E. Ocelli tres. Mesothoracis scutum integrum. Ahe sat lataj ; areolu discalis completa. Ocelli three. Scutum of the mesonotum undivided. Wings and halteres developed. Discal areolet complete. Genus I RHYPHUS. KHYPHUS, Latr. Hist. Nat. Ins. xiv. 291 (1802) ; Meig. ; Lam. ; Mcq. , Curt. ; Gimm. ; Blanch. Musca p., L. ; Gmel. Tipula p., P. Sp. Ins. ; Scop. EJiagio p., F. Mant. Ins. ; Meig. Kl. Sciara p., F. Syst. Antl. Anisopus, Meig. Kl. Zw. Corpus subcylindricum, sat gracile, non elongatum. Caput subro- tundum. Labium elongatum, subcylindricum. Labrum lanceola- tum. Lingua setiformis. Palpi 4-articulati, porrecti, compressi, pubescentes. Antennas 16 -articulate, submoniliforrnes, pubescentes, thorace paullo breviores. Thorax ellipticus. Ala? sat longas latasque. Abdomen cylindricum, segmentis septem, thorace duplo longius. Pedes graciles, vix elongati j tibias posticse calcaribus minimis api- calibus. Mas. Oculi supra connexi. Fcem. Oculi disjuncti. Body subcylindrical, rather slender, not long. Head nearly round. Ocelli three, in a triangle on the vertex. Labium fleshy, elongate, sub- cylindrical, with two elliptical hairy lobes. Labrum lanceolate. Lingua setiform. Palpi four-jointed, porrect, compressed, pubescent ; first joint subcylindrical; second broad, clavate, more than twice the length of the first ; third and fourth slender ; third not half the length of the fourth, which is about as long as the second. Antennas sixteen-jointed, submoniliform, pubescent, rather shorter than the thorax; first joint longer than the others ; the latter joints slightly attenuated. Thorax elliptical. Wings moderately long, and broad ; subcostal vein end- ing at before two-thirds of the length of the wing ; radial emerging from the subcostal at beyond half its length, ending at before three- fourths of the length of the wing, near which it is undulating ; cubital forming a fork of the radial, and ending at very little in front of the RHYPHUS. 341 tip of the wing ; subapical ending at a little behind the tip ; prsebrachial and pobrachial forked, the hind fork of the latter forming the subanal ; anal complete ; subaxillary nearly reaching the border. Areolets six- teen,— the humeral, the radical, the subcostal, two radial, the cubital, the prsebrachial, the pobrachial, which is shorter than the prsebrachial, the discal, four externo-medial, the anal, the axillary, and the subaxil- lary. Posterior margin much excavated at the base. Halteres mode- rately long. Abdomen cylindrical, with seven segments, about twice the length of the thorax. Legs slender, moderately long ; hind tibia3 with very minute apical spurs. Male. Eyes connected above. Fern. Eyes with a space between them. The Rhyphi, like most other Nemocera, are gregarious in their aerial flight, and pair in the air. They feed on over-ripe fruit and on other vegetable substances. The larva inhabits dung ; it is cylindrical and very long ; the mouth contains two tentacular mandibles, and the tip of the abdomen has four short, very small, obtuse tubercles. 1. nigricans, L. F. S. 553. 2310 (1761); Blanch.— fuscatus, F.; Gmel. ; Meig. ; Mcq. ; Gimm.— ; fuscus, Meig. Kl. Cinereus, antennis nigris, thorace vittis tribus nigris subcinereis antice fusco maculatis, abdomine vitta dorsali nigra suturis luridis, pedibus testaceis, femoribus tibiis tarsisque apice nigris. Long. 3-4 ; alar. 6-8 lin. Grey. Antenna? black. Thorax with three broad black stripes. Wings greyish, with brown spots in front, none at the tip ; veins black, testaceous at the base. Halteres testaceous. Abdomen with a black dorsal stripe; hind borders of the segments lurid. Legs testaceous ; tips of the femora, of the tibiae, and of the tarsi, black. Generally distributed; pairs in the autumn. (E. S. I.) 2. cinctus, F. Sp. Ins. ii. 407. 41 (1781) ; GmeL—annulata, L. —feneslralis, Scop. ; Latr. ; Meig. ; Lam. ; Curt. ! B. E. 102 ; Mcq. ; Guer. ; Gimm. — nebulosus, Meig. Kl. — ochraceus, Curt. Testaceus, capite antennisque nigris, thorace vittis tribus nigris, alls subcinereis maculis anticis unaque apicali fuscis, abdomine lurido fasciis nigrican- tibus, pedibus testaceis, femoribus tibiis tarsisque apice nigris. Long. 3-4 ; alar. 6-8 lin. Testaceous. Head and antennae black. Thorax with three black stripes. Wings greyish, with brown spots in front, and with one brown spot in front of each tip; veins black, testaceous towards the base. Halteres testaceous. Abdomen lurid, with blackish bands. Legs tes- taceous ; tips of the femora, of the tibia3, and of the tarsi, black. Generally distributed ; frequents windows. (E. S. I.) 342 ERRATA. VOLUME IV. Page. Line. 12. 17. for rara read vara. 18. 38. Sp. 24. sciarina is a Leja. 25. Sp. 1. valida is Leja brevicornis, q. v. 26. 16. add Boletina p., Stg. ; Ztt. 26. 33. mzd 1. anomala, Stg. d. d. 238. 9 (1840); Ztt. 29. 9. read 6. sciarina, Mg. Zw. vi. 300. 40 (1830) ; Stn. ; Stg. ; Ztt. 30. 1. read 8. bifasciata, Grntl. Bull. Mosq. xix. iii. 56. 3 (1846). — trimacu- lata, Mq. 1. 1.? 31. 27. read 13. brevicornis, Ztt. d. sc. xi. 4147. 6 (1852). 62. 6. read 1. halterata, Ztt. d. sc. xi. 4351 (1852). 63. 14. add Plesiastina, Whin. 64. 9. read 2. annulata, Mg. Zw. vi. 294. 3 (1830); Stg.; Ztt.; Winu.— ferruginea, Wlk.—Jlavus (Ceroplatus), Ztt. 99. for elegans (nomeii bis lectum) read concinna. 100. for terminalis (uomen bis lectum) read finalis. 102. for concolor (nomeu bis lectum) read discalis. 108. for mcesta (nomen bis lectum) read sobria. 112. for arcuata (nomen bis lectum) read flexa. 142. 18, 19. These two lines are misplaced; they belong to the character of the male. 145. 29. read 1. berolinensis, Mg. Zw. i. 319. 1 (1818) ; Mq.; Zlr.; Lw.; Ztt. 149. 24. " Metathorax produced, etc." should be part of the character of section b. 162. for testaceus read incertus ; see page 182. 162. for rufovittatus read tritus; see page 155. 171. for littorellus read separates; see page 174. 253. 31. for lancet-like read obsolete. 254. 3. dele a double cubital. 254. 31. for canescens read palustris. 254. 42. for obovatse read ovato-lanceolatce. 255. 6. for obovate read ovate-lanceolate. 256. 13. for rise read run. 261. 7. dele Wings tense. 261. 31. dele with a complete discal areolet. 264. 22. for setaceous, shorter, read longer. 269. Table. The bracket which embraces the lowermost five genera should in- clude only the last three ; the others should be embraced by the bracket directly above that one. 269. Glochina, Meig., to this group belong the species 32 and 40. 293. for xanthoptera, etc., read bifasciata, Schr. Ins. Austr. 428. 865. — aurea? Mull. Fn. Fr. 690; Prod. l^Q— xanthoptera, Meig. etc. 303. 18. dele sexguttata, Hal. 305. dele diuturna, etc. ; see page 276. 312. maculata, etc., add punctata ? Schr.; Mull.? 327. 37. read 22. pagana, Mg. zw. i. 184. 22 (1818) ; Mq.; Ztt. d. sc.—pticata, Mg. Id. — dispar, Hal. — Inridiventris, Ztt. lap. — On the authority of Count Osten-Sacken, communicated by Winnertz. ERRATA. 343 VOLUME I. Page. Line. 8. dele , after proportion. 103. 31. dele scarcely. 107. 11. for 2-|; alar. 5, read 1£; alar. 3. 111. 27. for If read 2£. 149. Table. The lines leading to Genera 10-12 should stand thus : — t conical or compressed . . .11. PORPHYROPS. more than one-third of f transversely orhiculate . 12. DIAPHORUS. the length of wing : I Third joint of antenna i oblong 10. ARGYRA. 159. 35. for 13 read 14. 167. 39. for third read second. 174. 24,/orZtg.; Sit. read Stg.; Ztt. 179. 5. for acuminata read attenuata. 182. 43. for Pz. read Pz. fn. liv. 16 ! 188. 22. for with yellow coxae read knees immaculate. 188. 23. for coxae mostly dusky read knees blackish. 193. IQ. for S..read I. 194. 15. /or 3 : 1 : I read 0 : 1 : 1. 195. 17- for Mq. iv. read Mg. iv. 196. 6. for neutral read ventral. 201. 10. after Mg. Zw. add vii. 210. 6. for S. read I. 213. 29. for abdomen read hypopygium. 215. 22. for lip read tip. 216. 1, 4, 12. for Ungues read Onychia. 218. 22. for Medeterus read Medetera. 219. 11. after Ztt. add carnworus, Fischer. 220. 29. for inflated read inflected. 220. 34. for third read hind. 220. 35. for Onychia read Empodium. VOLUME II. 179. 4. read 4. fontinalis, Fin. suppl. 16 (1827).— arcuata, Mq. 183. 8. for subcubital read cubital. 240. 30. for Tethnia read Tethina. 259. 20, 21. for prsebrachial read pobrachial. 263. 15, 16. for recurrent read radial. 283. 22. read the smaller onychinm underlying the greater unguis. 285. 18. read Genus II. LIPOPTENA. LIPOPTENA, Nitzsch grm. mag. iii. 310 (1818). Melophagus p., et Ornithobia, Mg. Hamobora, Ct. Leptotena, Mq. Alcephagus, Gmtl. 286. 11. read 1. cervi, L. Fn. S. 1944 (1761) ; Fb.; Pz.!; Nitzsch; Mg.; Mq.; Ztt. — cervina, ¥\u.—jpallicfa, 'Mg.—palfipes, Ct. SUBFAMILY 10. II Y D R 0 M Y Z ID E S, ii. Ul—Ephydrina, Stub . ; Zett As there are many references to be added in this group, and measurements to be corrected, the whole of the species enumerated in the second volume arc included in the following revision. 344 ERRATA. Genus I. OCHTHERA, ii. 249 ; Stnh.* 1. mantis, ii. 250 ; Stnh.!; Ztt.; Lw. ; Edn. Genus II. NOTIPHILA, ii. 250; Stnh. 1. riparia, ii. 251. 2 ; Stnh. ; Ztt. — Antennse with the second joint ferruginous ; rays of the arista about fourteen. Abdomen distinctly spotted and freckled with black. 2. cinerea, ii. 251. 1 ; Stnh. ! ; Ztt. — Arista with about ten rays. 3. uliginosa, ii. 251. 3. — tarsata, Stnh. ; Ztt. — Arista with about ten rays. Genus III. DICHJ3TA, ii. 251. — NotipMIa p., Stnh. ; Ztt. — Keratocera p., Desv. 1. caudata, ii. 251. 4; Stnh.; Zii.—niyra, Desv. Genus IV. DISCOMYZA, ii. 251 ; Stnh. ; Ztt. 1. incurva, ii. 252. 5 ; Stnh. ; Ztt. 2. cimiciformis (Curtis, MSS.), Nat. H.Rev. ii. 124 (1855). Genus V. TRIMERINA, ii. Z$2— Psilopa, B, Stnh.; Zett. 1. madizans, ii. 252. 6; Stnh.; Zit—nigetta, Mg. Genus VI. PSILOPA (A), Sinh^—ffyprella, ii. 252.—Notipkila p., Ztt. 1. nitidula, ii. 253. 7; Stnh.; Ztt.— Var. compta,Mg. 2. leucostoma, ii. 253. 8; Stnh.; Ztt.— mtuans?, L. fn. ii. 1870 (antcnnis setariis.) Genus VII. DISCOCERINA, ii. 2W.—Clariopa, Stnh. 1. obscurella, Fin.; Stnh.; Ztt. — nigrina, var. /3. ii. 253, 9. — Distinguished by the longer face, which is transversely gibbous in the middle, and inflected below, with a regular row of four stout bristles down each side, the orbit also being very mi- nutely ciliated. 2. nigrina, Mg. ii. 253. 9. — var. 7. cinerella, Stnh. ; Ztt. — The variety a (ibid.), with the front above the antennae and the face whitish, the third joint of the anten- nae at the base beneath ferruginous, and the tarsi of a lighter colour, may be a distinct species. It is much rarer than the other form. 3. pulicaria, ii. 254. \\.-fuscella, Stnh.; Ztt. 4. calceata, ii. 253. 10. — nigrina, Stnh. ; Ztt. Long. 1^ ; alar. 3 lin. 5. glabra, ii. 254. 12. Long. !£; alar. 3 lin. Genus VIII. HECAMEDE, ii. 254.— Psilopa p., Bohemann. 1. albicans, ii. 254. \Z.—gIobifera, Bohemann, Act. Holm. 204 (1853). Genus IX. HYDRELLIA, ii. 254 ; Stnh— NotipMIa p., Ztt. 1. laticeps, Stnh.! 229. 26; Ztt.—cardamines (major), ii. 255. 1, (descr. add.) * For the sake of uniformity the subgenera of Haliday and Stenhammar are treated here as genera. f Stenhammar's application of the generic name Psilopa, though not to the original type, is adopted, to get rid of the synonym Hygrella, condemned on etymo- logical grounds by Agassiz, not without reason. The different accent will admit Psilopa to stand along with Psiiopus (Fam. Dolichopidce, i. 150). ERftATA. 345 Abdominis segmento quinto elongato ; mas, hypopygio elongato subconico. Long. 1^ ; alar. 3 lin. 2. flavilabris, Stnh. 235. 31 ; Zii.—cardamines (minor), ii. 255. 1. (descr. add.) Abdominis segmentis subtequalibus ; mas, quinto parum elongato, hypopygio brevi subtruncato. Long, f- ; alar. 2 lin. 3. flaviceps, ii. 225. 2.— discolor, Stnh.; Ztt. 4. hydrocotyles, ii. 256. 3. 5. porphyrops, ii. 256. 4. 6. thoracica, ii. 256. 5. — Obs. H. ccesia, Stuh., differs by the black tarsi. 7. ranunculi, ii. 256. 6. — incana, Stnh. ; Ztt. 8. griseola, ii. 356. 7 ; Stnh. ! ; Ztt. 9. chrysostoma, ii. 257. 8. — incana, var. Stnh. 10. tarsata, ii. 257. 9. 11. albiceps, ii. 257. \Q.—plumosa, Stnh. — mutata, Ztt. 12. flavicornis, Fin.; Stnh. — erythrostoma, ii. 257. 11. — nigripes, Ztt. 13. cochlearise, ii. 258. 12. 14. albilabris, ii. 258. 13. — argyrostoma, Stnh. !; Zett. Genus X. ATISSA, ii. 258. 1. pygmsea, ii. 258. 14. Genus XI. GLENANTHE, ii. 258. 1. ripicola, ii. 259. 15 ; Nat. H. Rev. ii. pi. ii. fig. 12. Genus XII. HYDRINA, ii. 2W.—Philygria p., Stnh. 1. picta, ii. 260. 1; Stnh.; Ztt—pullula, Fin. 2. punctato-nervosa, ii.260. 2; Stnh.; Ztt. 3. flavipes, ii. 260. 3; Stnh.!; Ztt. 4. stictica, ii. 260. 4. 5. inter- stincta, ii. 261. 5 ; Stnh. ; Zett. 6. interrupta, ii. 261. 6. 7. posticata, ii. 261. 7. Genus XIII. HYADINA, ii. ^l.—Philygna p., Stnh. 1. guttata, ii. 261. 8; Stnh.!; Zett.— Var. brevicornis, Ztt. Long. 1; alar. 2i lin. 2. scutellata, ii. 262. 9. Genus XIV. AXYSTA, ii. 2§2.—Philygria p., Stnh. 1. viridula, ii. 262. IQ.—punctulata, Stnh. ; Ztt. Long. 1 ; alar. 2| lin. Genus XV. PELINA, ii. 262. — Telmatobia, Stnh. 1. senea, ii. 262. 11 ; Stnh.! ; Ztt. Long. 1£; alar. 3| lin. 2. senescens, Stnh. 210. 13; Ztt.; Nat. H. Rev. ii. 124.— tenea, Ztt. lap. Genus XVI. PARYDRA, Stnh.— Napcea, ii. 263. 1. coarctata, ii. 263. 12; Stnh.; Ztt. 2. littoralis, ii. 263. 13—furcata, Stnh. ! ; Zett. 3. aquila, ii. 263. 14 ; Stnh. ; Ztt. Long. 2 ; alar. 5 liu. 4. fossarum, ii. 203. 15. — ajfflnis, Stnh. !; Ztt. Long. 1 ; alar. 3 lin. 5. hecate, ii. 264. 16. Long. 1 ; alar. 2£ lin. 6. pusilla, ii. 264. 17-— nasuta, Stnh. ; Ztt. Long. 1 ; alar. 2£ lin. Genus XVII. ILYTHEA, ii. 264,,—Epipela, Stnh. 1. spilota, ii. 264. IS.—notata, Stnh.! ; Ztt. Long. alar. 1^ ; 3 liu. VOL. iv. 2 Y 346 ERRATA. « Genus XVIII. O^ENIA, ii. ZM.—Ephydra p., Stnh. ; Ztt.—Notipkila p., Roser. 1. albula, ii. 265. \$—fumosa, Stnh.; Ztt. 2. palustris, ii. 265. 20; Stnh.; Ztt. Long. 1$; alar. 3£ lin. 3. obscura, ii. 265. 21. 4. defecta, ii. 265. 22.—albidipennis, Stnh. ; Ztt.—caruleifrons, Roser? Genus XIX. SCATELLA, ii. Ztt—Ephydra p., Stnh. ; Ztt. 1. sibilaus, ii. 265. 23. — nubilipennis, Stnh.; Ztt. Long. l£; alar. 3 lin. 2. leucostoma, ii. 266. 24. Long. | ; alar. 2^. 3. sorbillans, ii. 266. 25. — argyrostoma, Stnh.; Ztt. — stagnalis, fcem., Fin. Long. 1^; alar. 3^ lin. 4. sestuans, ii. 266. 26. —flavipennis, Stnh. ; Ztt. Long. \\ ; alar. 3^ lin. 5. stagnalis, Fin. p. ; Stnh. ; Ztt. — buccata, ii. 266. 27. Long. l£ ; alar. 3£ lin. 6. lutosa, ii. 266. 28.—; flavescens, Stnh.; Ztt. Long. 1|; alar. 2f lin. 7. despecta, ii. 266. 2$—fenestrata, Stnh. ; Ztt. — maculipennis, Gmtl. Long. 1 ; alar. 2£ lin. 8. sestivationis, L. fn. ii. 1843 (1761).— noctula, ii. 267. 31 ; Stnh.; Ztt.— irrorata?, Mg. ; Mcq. — Var. comta, ii. 267. 31. 9. quadrata, ii. 267. 32 ; Stnh. ; Ztt.— Var. Stenhammari, Ztt. Genus XX. TICHOMYZA, ii. 267 ; Ve&v.—Epfydra p., Mg. ; Gmtl. 1. fusca, ii. 267. 33. — longipennis, Mg. — §-punctata, Gmtl. — urinaria, Desv. Long. 2f ; alar. 6| lin. Genus XXI. HALMOPOTA.— Ephydra p., Bouche. Caput depressum, hypostomate porrecto fornicato utrinque ciliato, epistomate ex- serto. Antennae articulo tertio obtuso, arista glabra. Ungues parum curvati, onychiis minutissimis. Venula discalis alse margini proxima. 1, salinaria, Bouche, nat. 99. 91. pi. vi. f. 13, 14!— Long. 2£; alar. 5i liu. About salterns; the larva in the brine-pits. Genus XXII. EPHYDRA, ii. 268.— Cania p., Von Heyden. 1. riparia, ii. 268. 34 (demt. synon. salinaria), Stnh. ; Ztt. Antennarum arti- culo tertio mutico, arista villosula, vena radiali apice subrecta ; mas, peristomate subtiliter ciliato, abdominis seymento quinto elonyato sextum cingente ; foem. pe- ristomate pectinato. Long. 2-j ; alar. 5 lin. Abundant everywhere by the seacoast, on pools of brackish water. 2. halophlla, Von Heyden, e. z., v. 203 (1844). — salince, Ztt. Antennarum articulo tertio unipili, arista villosula, vena radiali apice subrecta, peristomate subtiliter ciliato, mas, aut pectinato, fern. Swarms about salterns ; the larva in the brine-pits, up to six per cent, of salt. 3. micans, ii. 268. 2. — aurata, Stnh.! ; Zett. Antennarum articulo tertio uni- pili, arista subtiliter pubescente, vena radiali apice incurvata, peristomate subtiliter ciliato ; mas, abdominis segmentis subcpqualibus, quinto infra bipartite. Common in many places on fresh- water lakes and pools. Genus XXIII. CANACE, ii. 268. 1. nasica, ii. 268. 36 ; Nat. H. Review, ii. 64. pi. ii. fig. 11. Head above brassy green. 347 INDEX. Page Page Page Aedes . . . . . 242 C. bicolor . . . . 62 C. cilipes . . . . 116 cincreus . . . . 243 flavipes . . . . 62 cinctipes . . 90 Anarete . . . . 60 globifera . . . . 62 cingulata . . 110 candidata . . 60 balterata . 62, 342 circumdata . . . 85 Anisomera . . . 272 Catocha . . . . 59 concinna . . 99, 342 nigra . . . 272 brevinervis . . . 60 concolor . . . . 98 vittata . . . . 273 latipes . . . . 60 conformis . . . 113 Anopheles . . . 248 Cecidogona . . . 58 coniopbaga . . . 106 bifurcatus . . 249 carnea . . 59 costalis . . . . 83 maculipenuis . . 249 Cecidomyia . . . 73 crassicornis . . . 119 Asindulum . . . 46 abrupta . . . . 98 crassipes . . . . 120 flavum . . . . 47 acrophila . . 82 Crateegi . . . . 83 Aspistes . . . 144 jEthiops . . . . 118 Danae . . . . 131 berolinensis . 145, 342 asilis 110 decolorata 87 Azana 26 albiccps 99 decora 97 anomala . . . 26, 342 albilabris ! .' 78 decorata . . • • v j . . 116 albimana . . 126 deflecta . . . . 124 Bibio 134 sib I'D cnni s 78 di2*itcitci 112 clavipes . . . 138 albipes . . . . | O . . 100 discalis . . 102, 342 ferruginatus . . . 137 albitarsis . . 127 discolor . . . 87 •hortulanus . . . 136 albonotata . . . 118 disjuncta . . 104 hybridus . . 138 ampla . . . . 120 doiosa . . . . 114 Johannis . . 137 analis . . . . 128 dorsalis . . . . 127 lanigerus . . 137 angustipcnnis . . 124 dumetorum . . . 104 leucopterus . . . 136 apicalis . . . 107 elegans . . . 121 Marci . . . . 136 arcuata . . . . 96 evanescens . . . 103 nigripes . . . 138 articulata . . 108 Euphorbise . . . 82 nigriventris . . . 137 atriceps . . 102 expandens . . . 101 Pomona? . . . . 136 basalis . . . . 88 extrema . . . . 119 venosus . . . 136 Betulce . . . . 85 Fain . 121 BlBlONID/E . . 134 bipuuctata . . . 122 fasciata . . . . 119 Boletina . . . . 32 botularia . . Ill fascipennis . . . 95 borealis . . . 33 Brassicae . . 84 filipes . . . . 103 dubia . . . . 33 brevicornis . . . 99 finalis . . 100, 342 flava . . . 34 brevis 93 fixa 107 nemoralis . . 34 bursaria 89 flava 98 plan a 34 callida 95 flavcolata 106 Bolitophila . . . 70 Capresc . . '. '. 123 flexa . . . 112, 342 cinerea . . . . 71 Cardaminis . . . 83 floricola . . . . 122 fusca . 71 CCllt Pill IS 115 funesta . 120 Ceomatis '. '. 115 Galcobdolontis . . 85 Campylomyza . . 61 Oerasi . . 116 Galii . . . . . 88 Aceris . . . . 62 ciliata . . . . 104 geuiculata . . . 9$ 348 INDEX. Pagei Page Page C. gracilis . . . . 124 C. Rumicis . . . . 100 C. ferruginous . . . 230 graminicola . . . 123 Saliceti . . . 90 flavipalpis . . . 239 heterobia . . . 81 Salicina . . . 80 ilavipes . . . 228 imptidica 109 Salicis . . . . 77 ilavirostris . . . 226 iucompleta . . . . 101 Sarothamni . . . 117 forcipatus . . . 216 iimotata . . . . 82 semiopaca . . . 101 frutetoruin . . . 215 invaria . 117 serotiua . . . 84 fuseus . . . . 217 invocata . . . . 106 siguata . . . . 91 gracilipes . . 234 iteophila .... 81 Sisymbrii . . . 80 gracilis . . . . 227 Klugii . . . . 82 sobria 108, 342 gracilis . . . . 236 latibulorum . . . 91 socialis . . . . 93 halteratus . . . 215 latipennis . . . 99 sociata . . . . 87 illustris . . . . 226 latiuscula . . . 108 solennis . . . 104 in flatus . . . . 233 Leachiana . . . 109 Slrobi . . . . 84 Kaltenbachii . . 210 Icntipes . . . . 122 sylvatica . . . . 92 lacteipenuis . . . 225 leucopeza . . . 126 tecta . . . . . 88 lepidus . . . . 212 limbata . . . . 111 tendens . . . 113 lineatus . . . . 231 Linariee . . . . 97 tenella . . . . 129 leucorum . . 216 linearis . . . . 112 tenuicornis . . . 109 minutus . . . . 218 • Loti 97 terminalis . . 81 modestus . . 222 lugubris . . . . 129 testacea . . . . 9] murinus . . . 213 maculata . . . 96 tibialis . . . . 94 neglectus . . 224 marginata . 107 Trcmulse 114 nicer 209 marginem-torquens 79 Tritici . . . . 103 nitidus . . . . 225 maura . . . . 102 valvata . . . . 125 nobilis . . . . 237 minuta . 93 venusta . . . . 127 obscurus . . . . 223 rnodcsta . . . . 104 verna . . . 115 ochraceus . . 224 moesta . . . . 104 Veronicse . . 87 ornatus . . . 236 mutabilis . . . 92 Ulmariae . . . . 88 pallidus . . . . 209 nana 94 Urticse 89 pavidus . . . 217 nemoralis . . . 125 Xanthopyga . . . 110 piceus . . . . 211 nigrina . . . . 128 CECIDOMYZID^E . . 72 pictipennis . . . 219 nodicornis . 125 Ceratopogon . . 205 pictus . . . . 240 notabilis . . . . 114 scstivus . . 221 pulicaris . . . . 220 nubcculosa . . . 96 alacer . . . ! 213 pumilus . . . . 223 obfuscata . . . 86 albicans . . . 221 regulus . . . . 209 ochracea . . . . 103 albipes . . . . 236 rostratus . . 216 pallipes . . . . 126 amoenus . . . . 218 rubiginosus . . . 234 Papaveris . . . 78 arcuatus . . . 220 rufipectus . . . 231 pavida . . . . 90 bicolor . . . . 234 saltans . . 214 pectoralis . . . 128 bipunctatus . . . 210 scutellatus . . . 222 peregrina 94 bracbialis . . 229 sericatus . . . . 218 Persicarise . . . 79 brevipennis . . . 212 serripes . . . . 230 piligera . . . . 121 brunnipes . . . 217 signatus . . . . 235 Pini . . 111 calceatus . . . 239 solstitialis- . 237 plagiata . . . . 96 candidatus . . . 228 spiiiipes . . . 228 plena . 118 ciliatus 211 splendidus 224 Polypori . . . . 92 copiosus . , . 227 sylvaticus . ! . 215 pratorum . . 86 crassipes . . . . 211 trcniatus . . . 238 prrccox . 113 cunctans . . . . 221 tenuis . . . . 213 pubescens . . 104 distinctus . . . 229 tibialis . . 232 pulchella . . 95 divaricatus . . . 213 titillans . . . . 214 Pyri 89 egens . 222 valvatus . . . 234 rcpl eta . . . 102 fasciatus . . . . 232 varicgatus . . . 229 riparia . . . 79 fascipennis . . . 219 varius . . . . 218 rosaria , 77 femoratus , . 233 velox . 215 INDEX. 349 Page Page Page C. venustus .... 235 C. fuscipennis . . . 164 C. notatus . . . . 185 versicolor . . . 223 fuscipes . . . . 180 notescens . . . 156 vitiosus . 225 futilis . . . . 156 novatus . . . . 184 CuiitONOMIDjE . . 149 gibbus . . . . 163 nubeculosus . . . 162 Ch.ironom.us . . . 149 glabricollis . . . 156 nugax ... . 186 adjuuctus 190 habilis . . . . 192 obditus . . . . 181 affinis . . . . 162 hebescens . . . 177 objectans . . . 157 albidus , 169 ictericus . , . . 156 oblidens . . 180 albimanus . . . 163 imbecilis . . . . 168 obnixus . . . . 165 albipennis . . . 175 impar . . . . 174 obreptans . . . 168 albipes . 164 impensus . . 184 obscurimanus . . 193 alligatus .... 190 incallidus . . 183 obscurus . . . . 183 Ammon . . . . 194 incertus . . 162, 342 obsepiens . . . 183 annulariii3 . 165. incoactus . . 175 obsistens . . . 188 auiiulipes . . . 192 incomptus . . . 180 obtexens . . . . 188 appositus . . . 191 inopertus . . 164 obvertens . , . 177 aprilinus . . . 15? inscendens . . . 179 obvius . . . . 174 aterrimus . . . 186 inserpens . . 185 occipiens . . . 165 brevitibialis . . . 155 interseptus . . . 182 offectus . . 185 brunnipes . . . 165 intextus . . . . 176 olivaceus . . . 181 byssiuus . . . . 191 intrudens . . 179 opacus . . . . 164 carbonarius . . . 173 involitans . . . 171 oppertus . . 183 Chiron . . . . 194 irretitus . . . . 172 oppetitus . . . 176 chloris . 159 irritus . . . . 178 oppletis . . . . 187 cingulatus . . . 172 lacustris . . . . 193 paganicus . . . 183 cosequatus . . . 190 lentulus . . . 178 paganus . . . . 168 compertus . . . 191 leucopus . . . . 173 pallens . . . . 166 contingens . 191 littorellus . . . 174 pallidicornis . 169 convectus . . . 171 lividus . . . . 160 parilis . . . . 161 conversus . . . 175 longipes . . . . 1.58 patens . . . . 170 couvestitus . 177 lucens . . . . 187 patibilis . . . . 174 convictus . . . 161 lucidus . . . . 173 pedellus . . . . 164 debilis . . . . 160 lugubris . . . . 170 perennis . . . . 169 denotatus . . . 190 lugubris . . . . 193 pcrcxilis . . . . 191 deproperans . -. 188 maculipennis . . 163 pergens . . . . 187 disclusus. . . . 163 malacus . . . 167 perlevis . . . . 158 discrepans . . . 169 mancus . . . . 161 pennacer . . . 183 dispessus . . . 161 melaleucus . . . 190 perpessus . . . 178 dissideus . . , . 154 minimus . . . . 191 perreptans . . . 177 divisus . 192 minusculus . . . 182 persidens . . . 181 dolens . . . . 178 minutus . . . . 187 pertenuis . . . 182 dorsalis . 168 modestus . . 190 pertractus . . . 188 effusus . . . . 180 modicellus . . . 162 pervulsus . . . 179 cjuncidus . . . elcgans . . . . 155 186 moercns . . morulus . , . . 178 . . 173 pilipes . . . plebeius . . . . 167 . 187 eminulus . . . 156 motitator . . . 189 plumosus . . . 171 euotatus . . . . 170 moturus . . . . 88 prsecox . . . . 159 exccrptus . . . 179 murcidus . . 177 prasinatus . . . 158 expalpans 181 nactus . . 179 prasinus . . . 160 cxspatians . . . 182 nemoralis . . 174 psittacinus . . 167 ferrugineo-vittatus . 172 ncrvosus . . 158 pulsus . . . . 165 fertus . . . . 192 nexilis . . . . 184 punctipes . . . 154 flabcllatus . . . 157 nigratus . . . . 184 pusillus . . . . 154 ilavcolus . . . . 167 nigrimanus . . . 172 pusio .... . 158 ilavinmnus . . . 157 nigro-viridis . . 159 pygmrcus . . . 192 frigid us . 185 uitidicollis . . . 187 riparius . . . . 166 350 INDEX. Page Page Page C. rubicundus . . . 181 C. annulipes . . 246 L. albipennis . . . 133 rufipes . . . . 176 bicolor . . . . 248 picta . . . . . 133 rufbvittatus . . . 155 cantans . , . . 246 stygia . . . . 133 scalsenus . . . . 156 ciliaris . . . . 247 Leia . . . . . 26 separatus 171,342 detritus 247 analis 30 sordidellus . . . 185 fumipennis . . . 246 basalis . . . . 30 stercorarius . . . 186 lutescens . . 248 bifasciata 30, 342 sticticus . . . 172 nemorosus . . . 247 bimaculata . . . 28 stramineipes . . 175 CULICIDA: . . . . 242 brevicornis . 31, 342 sulphuricollis . . 159 defecta . . . . 32 sylvestris . . 189 Diadocidia . . 48 diversa . . . . 31 tarsalis . . . . 170 ferruginosa . . . 49 fascipennis . . . 27 tendens . . . . 169 Dicranota . . 305 fumosa . . . . 28 tentaus . . . . 166 bimaculata . . . 306 iufera . . . . 30 tenuis . . . . 155 pavida . . . . 306 octomaculata . . 27 testaceus . . . . 182 senilis . . . . 306 parallela . . . . 31 tibialis . . . . 184 Dilophus . . . . 139 pubescens . . . 31 tousus . . . . 195 femoratus . . . 140 pulchella . . 27 tremulus . . 189 spinatus . . . . 140 sciarina . 18 , 29, 342 trichopus . . 169 Ditomyia . . . . 63 "\Viuthemii . . . 29 tritus . . . 162, 342 anmdata . . . 64, 342 Leptomorphus . . 47 Typhon . . . . 195 fasciata . . . . 63 Ualkerii . . . . 48 vagans . . . . 163 vittata . . . . 64 Lestremia . . . 57 variabilis . . 178 Dixa . . . . . 266 cinerea . . . 58 venosus . . . . 180 sestivalis . . . . 266 leucophsea . . . 58 vernus . . . . 160 aprilina . . . . 267 Limnobia . . 280 virescens . . 167 maculata. . . . 267 albifrons . . 295 viridanus . . 161 nebulosa . . . 267 analis . . . . 296 viridis . . . . 158 Dolichopeza . . . 315 bifasciata 293, 342 viridulus . . . . 155 chirothecata . . 316 chorea . . . . 297 Waltlii . . . . 194 didyma . . . 296 zonarius . . . . 176 Epidapus . . . . 56 discicollis . . 285 Clunio . . . . 241 venaticus . . 56 disjuncta . . 294 marinus . . . . 241 Erioptera . . 273 dispar . . 286 Cordyla . . 24 atra . . . . . 278 dumetorum . . . 297 fasciata . . . . 25 cinerascens . . . 275 erraus . . . . 292 flaviccps . . . . 25 diuturna . . . . 276 fasciata . . . . 283 Corethra . . . . 250 flavescens . . . 275 ferruginea . . . 286 culicifonnis . . . 251 " fuscipennis . . 277 filata 305 pallida . . . . 252 grisea . . . . 276 finitima . . . 301 pluniicornis . . . 251 imbuta . . . . 275 flavipes . . . . 295 Corynoneura . . 203 liueata . . . . 276 glabrata . . . . 299 atomaria . . . . 205 lutea . . . . . 275 immaculata . . . 302 minutissima . . 204 maculata . . . . 274 inconclusa . . . 299 Ctenophora . . . 333 murina . . . . 278 iuusta . . . . 298 atrata . . . . 336 nodulosa . . . 277 lateralis . . . 304 bimaculata . . . 335 obscura . . . . 278 leucophsea . . . 290 flaveolata . . 336 ochracea . . . . 278 lineola . . . . 287 iiigricornis . . . 336 tsenionota . . 277 littoralis . . . . 291 ornata . . . . 336 trivialis . . . . 276 luconun . . . . 285 pectinicornis . . 335 lutea 297 Cylindrotoma . . 312 Geranomyia . . . 310 maculata . . 293 distinctissima . . 313 unicolor . . . 310 marmorata . . . 284 diversa . . . . 313 HETEROCLITJL . . 263 modcsta . . . 297 Culex . 243 morio . 296 aimulatus . . 246 Lasioptera . . 132 uemoralis . . 290 INDEX. 351 Page Page Page L. nigrina . . . . 287 M.lunata . . . . 13 P. vitripennis . . . 66 nubeculosa . . . 295 lutescens . . . 13 unicolor . . . . 67 occulta . . . . 302 maculosa . . . 17 Psychoda . . . 254 pictv\z\e. (And see figure and details in Plate XXV. Fig. 1.) FAMILY VII. CULICIDS (continued}. GENUS 1. Culex (p. 243). Fig. 5. Culex annulatus, male. (And see Plate XXV. Fig. 7 for details.) FAMILY X. TIPULIDS (continued}. GENUS 17. Ptychoptera (p. 337). Fig. 6, head of Ptychoptera contaminata. (And see Plate XXVIII. Fig. 7.) GENUS 6. Dicranota (p. 305). Fig. 7 a, wing of Dicranota pavida ;* 1 b, ditto of D. bimaculata, Schumm. tab. 4, f. 1. (And see Plate XXVII. Fig. 3.) GENUS 12. Pedicia (p. 314). Fig. 8, extremity of abdomen of Pe- dicia venosa, male. (And see figure and details in Plate XXVIII. Fig. 2.) GENUS 3. Erioptera (p. 273). Fig. 9. Erioptera lineata, male. (And see details in Plate XXVI. Fig. 10.) GENUS 15. Tipula (p. 318). Fig. 10. Tipula pagana, male. (And see Plate XXVIII. Fig. 5 for figure of female and details of the genus. J. 0. W. BIPTERAPl.XJa, 5, HBNBIBTTA STBEBT, COVBKT GARDBN, LONDON, March 31st, 1856. MR. REEVE'S LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 1. Sir Edward Belcher, C.B. 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A Popular History of British Mosses, Comprising a General Account of their Structure, Fructification, Ar- rangement, and General Distribution. By R. M. STARK, Esq. With 20 coloured plates. [Just published-. Royal 16mo, price 10s. 6d. " Mr. Stark has given as full and instructive an account of our wild Mosses as can well be desired. It is founded avowedly upon the long labours of Sir William Hooker in the same direction, and this alone guarantees the soundness of the author's systematic views. All the genera and species of ' Moss/ as that term is understood by botanists, are clearly but succinctly described in the English language ; arid to aid the learner in under- standing the subject, we find twenty coloured plates admirably executed by Mr. Fitch. When we add that the work has a good index, the reader will require no further assu- rance that it deserves to be strongly recommended." GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. " ' Popular British Mosses ' is the best book we have seen upon the subject. The plates are exquisite, and do justice to the grace and delicacy of the originals." GUARDIAN. 29. Miss Roberts. Voices from the Woodlands; Descriptive of Forest Trees, Ferns, Mosses, and Lichens. By MARY ROBERTS. With 20 coloured plates by Fitch. Royal IGmo, price 10s. Qd. "The fair authoress of this pretty volume has shown more than the usual good taste of her sex in the selection of her mode of conveying to the young interesting in- struction upon pleasing topics. She bids them join in a ramble through the sylvan wilds ; and at her command the fragile lichen, the gnarled oak, the towering beech, the graceful chestnut, and the waving poplar, discourse eloquently, and tell their respective histories and uses." BRITANNIA. 30. Joseph Woods, F.L.S. The Tourist's Flora; A Descriptive Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Ferns of the British Islands, France, Germany, Switzerland, and Italy. By JOSEPH WOODS, F.L.S. With a plate. 8vo, price ISs. MR. REEVE'S LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 11 31. Mrs. Hussey. Illustrations of British Mycology ; Or, Figures and Descriptions of the Funguses of interest and novelty indigenous to Britain. By Mrs. HUSSEY. Royal 4to. First Series, 90 coloured plates, price <£7. 12s. Qd. ; Second Series, 48 plates, price £4. 2s. 6d. " This is an elegant and interesting book : it would be an ornament to the drawing- room table ; but it must not, therefore, be supposed that the value of the work is not intrinsic, for a great deal of new and valuable matter accompanies the plates, which are not fancy sketches, but so individualized and life-like, that to mistake any species seems impossible. The accessories of each are significant of site, soil, and season of growth, so that the botanist may study with advantage what the artist may inspect with admi- ration." MORNING POST. 32. Sir W. J. Hooker, F.R.S. A Century of Orehidaceous Plants, The Plates selected from Curtis's Botanical Magazine. The Descrip- tions re-written by Sir W. J. HOOKER, F.R.S., Director of the Royal Gardens of Kew; with Introduction, and Instructions for their Cul- ture, by JOHN CHARLES LYONS. 100 coloured plates. Royal 4to, price £5. 5s. "In the exquisite illustrations to this splendid volume, full justice has been rendered to the oddly formed and often brilliantly coloured flowers of this curious and interesting tribe of plants." WESTMINSTER AND FOREIGN QUARTERLY REVIEW. MR. REEVE'S LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 33. Henry -Sowerby. Popular Mineralogy) Comprising # familiar Account of Minerals and their Uses. By HENRY So WEBBY. With 20 coloured plates. Royal 16mo, price 10s. 6d. "Mr. Sowerby has endeavoured to throw around his subject every attraction. His work is fully and carefully illustrated with coloured plates." SPECTATOR. 34. Adam White, F.L.S. Popular History of Mammalia; Containing a familiar Account of their Classification and Habits. By ADAM WHITE, F.L.S., of the British Museum. With sixteen coloured plates of Quadrupeds, by B. WATERHOUSE HAWKINS, F.L.S. Royal 16mo, price 10s. Gd. ' ' The present increase of our stores of anecdotal matter respecting every kind of animal has been used with much tact by Mr. White, who has a terse chatty way of put- ting down his reflections, mingled with easy familiarity, which every one accustomed daily to zoological pursuits is sure to attain. The book is profusely illustrated." ATLAS. 35. Francis Walker, F.L.S., and H. T. Stainton. Insecta Britannica; Vols. I. and II., Diptera. By FRANCIS WALKER, F.L.S. With 20 plates. Vol. III., Lepidoptera • Tineina. By H. T. STAINTON. With 10 plates. 8vo, price 2os. each, MR. REEVE'S LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 13 30. Miss M. E. Catlow. Popular British Entomology; Containing a familiar and technical Description of the Insects most common to the British Isles. By MARIA E. CATLOW. Second Edition. In twelve chapters, each being the entomological lesson for the month. With 16 coloured plates. Royal 16mo, price 10s. 6d, " Judiciously executed, with excellent figures of the commoner species, for the use of young beginners." ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. "Miss Catlow's 'Popular British Entomology' contains an introductory chapter or two on classification, which are followed by brief generic and specific descriptions in English of above 200 of the commoner British species, together with accurate figures of about 70 of those described ; and will be quite a treasure to any one just commencing the study of this fascinating science." WESTMINSTER AND FOREIGN QUARTERLY REVIEW. 37. John Curtis, F.L.S. Curtis 's British Entomology ; Being Illustrations and Descriptions of the Genera of Insects found in Great Britain and Ireland, containing coloured figures, from nature, of the most rare and beautiful species, and, in many instances, of the plants upon which they are found. Commenced in 1824 und completed in 1840, in 193 numbers, forming 16 volumes, price £43. 16*. Now offered to Subscribers, new and in the best condition, with 770 coloured plates, at £21. Re-issued also in Monthly Parts, price 3*. Qd. Vols. I. to V. of the Re-issue now ready, price 42s. each. " Vous savez qu'a 1'egard d'un grand nombre d'especes, leur determination reclamt- le secours de figures. II est done de mon devoir de vous indiquer les livres oil vous trouverez les meilleures. Celui de M. Curtis, sur les genres d'insectes indigcn<> de 1'Angleterre, me parait avoir atteint V ultimatum de la perfection." — LATREILLE. " M. John Curtis, naturaliste Anglais, a commence la publication d'uii Cicneni icono- graphique des genres d'insectes et de plantes propres a la Grande Bretagno. Leurs ca- racteres y sont represented aven la plus ^rande fidelite." - CVviEK. 14 MR. REEVE'S LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 38. G. B. Sowerby, F.L.S. Popular British Conchology ; Containing a familiar History of the Molluscs and Shells inhabiting the British Isles. By G. B. SOWERBY, F.L.S. With 20 coloured plates. [Just published. Royal 16mo, price 10s. 6d. " Mr. G. B. Sowerby maintains the character of his father and grandfather as a natu- ralist, and has here produced a very instructive volume as an introduction to the study of shells. This work belongs to Mr. Reeve's illustrated series on Popular Natural History, and is a worthy companion to some of the latter volumes, of the value and inte- rest of which we have spoken when they were published. It will be seen by the title that this work is confined to British shells. It will be found a most convenient hand- book at the sea-side, as all the more common shells are not only described, but illustrated. It will serve as an admirable introduction to the great work on 'British Mollusca,' by the late Edward Forbes and Mr. Hanley." ATHENAEUM. 39. Lovell Reeve, F.L.S. Elements of Conchology ; Comprising the Physiological History of Shells and their Molluscous Inhabitants; their Structure, Geographical Distribution, Habits, Cha- racters, Affinities, Arrangement, and Enumeration of Species. By LOVELL REEVE, F.L.S. Parts 1 to 10, with 50 coloured plates. Royal 8vo, price 3s. 6d. each. " The work before us is designed to promote a more philosophical spirit of inquiry into the nature and origin of Shells." f ECCLESIASTICAL REVIEW. 40. Lovell Reeve, F.L.S. Conchologia Systematical Or, Complete System of Conchology ; in which the Lepades and Conchiferous Mollusca are described and classified according to their Natural Organization and Habits. By LOVELL REEVE, F.L.S. Illus- trated with 300 plates of upwards of 1500 figures of Shells. Two vols. 4to, price £10 coloured, £6 plain. MR. REEVE'S LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 41. Lovell Reeve, F.L.S. Conchologia Iconica; Or, Figures and Descriptions of the Shells of Molluscous Animals, with Critical Remarks on their Synonyms, Affinities, and Circum- stances of Habitation. By LOVELL REEVE, F.L.S. Published Monthly in Parts, demy 4to, each containing eight plates, price 10s. [Part 148 just published. In Monographs : £ s. d. 1 ACHATINA 1 9 0 ACHATINELLA 0 8 0 AMPHIDESMA 0 9 0 ARCA 1 1 6 ARTEMIS 0 13 0 BUCCINUM 0 18 0 BULIMUS 5 12 0 BULLIA 0 5 6 CARDITA 0 11 6 CARDIUM 1 8 0 CASSIDARIA 0 1 6 CASSIS 0 15 6 CHAMA 0 11 6 CHITON 2 2 0 CHITONELLUS a i 6 CONUS 3 0 0 CORBULA 0 6 6 CRASSATELLA 0 4 0 CYPR^E A 1 14 0 CYPRICARDIA 0 3 0 DELPHINULA 0 6 6 DONAX 0 12 0 DOLIUM 0 10 6 EBURNA 0 1 6 FASCIOLARIA 0 9 0 FICULA 0 1 6 FlSSURELLA 1 0 6 Fusus 1 6 6 GLAUCONOME 0 1 6 H ALIOTIS 1 1 0 HARPA 0 5 6 HELIX 13 5 0 HEMIPECTEN 0 1 6 HINNITES 0 1 6 ISOCARDIA 0 1 6 £ s. d. LUCINA 0 14 0 LUTRARIA 0 7 0 MACTRA 1 6 6 MANGELIA 0 10 6 MESALIA and EGLISI A 0 1 6 MESODESMA 0 5 6 MITRA 2 10 0 MONOCEROS 0 5 6 MUREX , 2 5 6 MYADORA 0 1 6 NASSA 1 17 0 NATICA 1 18 0 NERITA 1 4 6 OLIVA 1 18 0 ONISCIA 0 1 6 PALUDOMUS 0 4 0 PARTULA 0 5 8 PATELLA 2 13 0 PECTEN 2 4 6 PECTUNCULUS 0 11 8 PHORUS 0 4 0 PLEUROTOMA 2 10 8 PTEROCERA 0 8 0 PURPURA 0 17 0 PYRULA 0 11 8 RANELLA 0 10 6 RICINULA 0 8 0 ROSTELLARIA 0 4 6 STROMBUS 1 4 G STRUTHIOLARI A 0 1 6 TURBINELLA 0 17 0 TRITON 1 5 8 TURBO 0 17 0 TURRITELLA 0 14 6 VOLUTA 1 8 0 Genus just ready : — NERITINA. "This great work is intended to embrace a complete description and illustration of the shells of molluscous animals; and so far as we have seen, it is not such as to dis- appoint the large expectations that have been formed respecting it. The figures of the shells are all of full size : in the descriptions a careful analysis is given of the labours of others : and the author has apparently spared no pains to make the work a standard authority on the subject of which it treats." 16 MR. REEVE'S LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 42. Miss Roberts. Popular History of the Mollusca; Comprising a familiar Account of their Classification, Instincts, and Habits, and of the Growth and Distinguishing Characters of their Shells. By MARY EGBERTS. With 18 coloured plates by Wing. Royal 16mo, price 10s. 6d. " The authoress is already favourably known to British naturalists by her ' Concholo- gist's Companion,' and by other works on natural history. We expected to find in it a useful and entertaining volume. We have not been disappointed. . . . The work is illustrated with eighteen plates, beautifully coloured — in most instances affording a view of the structure of the animal." ATHENAEUM. 43. P. H. Gosse. Popular British Ornithology ; Containing a familiar and technical Description of the Birds of the British Isles. By P. H. GOSSE. Second Edition. In twelve chapters, each being the ornithological lesson for the month. With 20 coloured plates. Royal 16mo, price 10s. 6d. " To render the subject of ornithology clear, and its study attractive, has been the great aim of the author of this beautiful little volume. ... It is embellished by up- wards of seventy figures of British birds beautifully coloured." MORNING HERALD. MR. REEVES LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 17 44. Miss Catlow. Drops of Water} Their marvellous and beautiful Inhabitants displayed by the Micro- scope. By AGNES CATLOW. With 4 coloured plates. Square 12mo, price 7s. Qd. "An elegant little book, both in the getting up and its literature. . . . The text is accompanied by coloured plates that exhibit the most remarkable creatures of the watery world." SPECTATOR. " Of the manner in which this work is executed, we can say that, like Miss Catlow's previous productions on natural history, it displays an accurate acquaintance with the subject, and a keen delight in the contemplation of the objects to which it is devoted. As far as the living beings which inhabit ' Drops of Water' are concerned, we know of no better introduction to the use of the microscope than the present volume." ATHEN.EUM. 45. Dr. Landsborough, A.L.8. Popular History of British Zoophytes) By the Rev. D. LANDSBOROUGH, A.L.S., Member of the Wernerian Society of Edinburgh. With 20 coloured plates. Royal 16mo, price 10s. 6d. "This work constitutes one of the popular series of scientific treatises which, from the simplicity of their style, and the artistic excellence and correctness of their numerous illustrations, has acquired a celebrity beyond that of any other series of modern cheap works. With this manual of Zoophytes, and that upon Seaweeds, by the same author, the student can ramble along the sea-shores, and glean knowledge from every heap of tangled weed that lies in his pathway." LIVERPOOL STANDARD. 18 MR. EEEVE'S LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 46. Dr. Thomson, F.L.S. Western Himalaya and Tibet) The Narrative of a Journey through the Mountains of Northern India during the years 1847 and 1848. By THOMAS THOMSON, M.D., As- sistant-Surgeon, Bengal Army. Witb Tinted Lithographs and a Map by Petermann. 8vo, price 15s. " Few more valuable volumes of travels than this by Dr. Thomson have been for a long time past published. Long after the interest which its novelty will create shall have passed away, it will be a standard book of reference, on account of the valuable facts which it contains, and of the spirit of sound observation in which it is written." ATHEN^UM. 47. Dr. Gardner, F.L.S. Travels in the Interior of Brazil, Principally through the Northern Provinces and the Gold and Diamond Districts, during the years 1836-41. By GEORGE GARDNER, M.D., F.L.S. Second Edition. With Plate and Map. 8vo, price 12s. " When camping out on the mountain-top or in the wilderness ; roughing it in his long journey through the interior ; observing the very singular mode of life there pre- sented to his notice ; describing the curious characters that fell under his observation, the arts or substitutes for arts of the people, and the natural productions of the country, these travels are full of attraction. The book, like the country it describes, is full of new matter." SPECTATOR. " This volume is from the pen of an able naturalist, whose heart is in his occupation. . . . Some of the regions he visited have seldom been trodden by Europeans — never by Englishmen ; so that his observations derive value from the novelty of the matter to which they relate." ATHENAEUM. MR. REEVE'S LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 19 48. A. R. Wallace. Travels on the Amazon and Eio Negro, With an Account of the Native Tribes, and Observations on the Cli- mate, Geology, and Natural History of the Amazon Valley. By ALFRED R. WALLACE, Esq. With Remarks on the Vocabularies of Amazonian Languages, by R. G. LATHAM, M.D., F.R.S. With 6 plates and maps. Royal 8vo, 18*. " Mr. "Wallace has given us a most lively and interesting picture of the glories of the magnificent river. Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil, six mighty States, spreading over an area far more extensive than Europe herself, contribute their aid in forming the flood up which he toiled. For twenty-eight days consecutively he breasted the stream of the Amazon. . . . He enters, with all the zest of a naturalist, into the history of the living things which fly, run, or creep over the surface of the country. His sketches of the natives, their appearance, habits, and disposition, are quite original." BRITANNIA. "In the novelty of the scenery and manners ; in the truthful, albeit somewhat literal, picture of what the traveller saw and felt ; in the quiet earnestness by which obstacles were surmounted by Talleyrand's favourite rule of waiting ; and in the patience with which sickness, suffering, and privations were submitted to, ' Travels on the Amazon and Rio Negro' remind us of the simplicity of the old voyagers." SPECTATOR. 49. Dr. Seemann, F.L.S. Circumnavigation of the Globe; Being the Narrative of the Voyage of H.M.S. Herald, under the com mand of Captain Kellett, R.N., C.B., during the years 1845-51. By BERTHOLD SEEMANN, F.L.S., Naturalist of the Expedition. With Tinted Lithographs and a Map by Petermann. 2 vols. 8vo, price 21s. " With extensive knowledge in geography and its cognate sciences, Mr. Seemann pos- sesses ;i close and sober but vivid style, which expresses his ideas not only with clearness, but animation." SPECTATOR. " Mr. Seemann is always a lively and agreeable companion, and has the merit of di- recting the attention of the general reader to applied natural history rather than to questions only interesting to the student of pure science." GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. MR. REEVE'S LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 50. J. Beete Jukes, F.G.S. Popular Physical Geology. By J. BEETE JUKES, F.G.S., President of the Geological Society of Dublin. With 20 Landscape Views of Geological Scenery in Double- Tinted Lithography. Royal 16ino, price 10s. 6d. " Mr. Jukes's ' Popular Physical Geology' is peculiarly remarkable for the skilful treatment of his subject. The established facts and principles of geology are not only presented with freshness, but so clearly enforced and illustrated as to impress the mind of the student, while he is stimulated to observation by the facility with which he is shown that observation can be made." SPECTATOR. " The illustrations to the work are of the most accurate as well as beautiful character, combining the skill of the artist with the knowledge of the geologist." OBSERVER. 51. Dairy Farming, The Rearing and Feeding of Dairy Stock, and the Management of their Produce. By RURICOLA. Crown 8vo, price 5s. 52. C. H. J. Smith. Parks and Pleasure Grounds; Or, Practical Notes on Country Residences, Villas, Public Parks, and Gardens. By CHARLES H. J. SMITH, Landscape Gardener. Crown 8vo, price 6s. "Mr. Smith, who is a landscape gardener and garden architect of great experience, has worked out his design with ability and judgment." GLOBE. "The character of this publication is altogether practical, from the opening hints upon the house and offices, to the closing directions about the arboretum and the pinetum." SPECTATOR. MR. REEVE'S LIST OF PyBLICATIONS. 21 53. Chandos Wren Hoskyns. Talpa; or, the Chronicles of a Clay Farm. An Agricultural Fragment. By CHANDOS WREN HOSKYNS. New and Cheaper Edition, with Frontispiece by George Cruikshank. Fcp. 8vo, price 3s. 6d. " The writer handles this subject in such a masterly manner — his style is so piquant, as well as forcible, so scholarly, yet so racy — his wit and his wisdom are so skilfully blended — he has so cleverly worked out his motto, Ridentem dicere verum, by telling the truth laughingly — that the reader finds himself irresistibly carried along, and he and the book part not company until he has made himself master of the tale that he has to unfold." LEICESTERSHIRE MERCDRY. ' ' This is a rare little volume. We don't know which to admire most, the author's humour or his wisdom. He has set himself the task of illustrating, in an agreeable manner, the evils of custom, prejudice, and feudalism, as they exist among agricultu- rists. It will create much laughter among the merry, and convey many a lesson to the tiller of the soil. There are some very capital illustrations, too, embellishing the volume." ERA. "Cleverly written in a vein of pleasantry, the work perseveringly uproots the preju- dice of the past, and demonstrates that scientific knowledge is an important element in successful tillage." LINCOLN MERCURY. 54. Piscarius. The Artificial Production of Fish. By PISCARIUS. Third Edition. Price Is. " The object of this little book is to make known the means by which fish of all de- scriptions may be multiplied in rivers to an almost incalculable extent. ... This prin- ciple of increase Piscarius has carried out by argument and experiment in his little trea- tise, which, we think, is worthy the attention of the legislator, the country gentleman, and the clergyman ; for it shows how an immense addition may be made to the people's food with scarcely any expense." ERA. MR. REEVE S ,LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 55. Arthur Adams, F.L.S. Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S, Samarang, Under the command of Captain Sir Edward Belcher, C.B., F.R.A.S., during the years 1843-46. Edited by ARTHUR ADAMS, F.L.S. The Vertebrata, with 8 plates, by John Edward Gray, F.R.S. ; the Fishes, with 10 plates, by Sir John Richardson, F.RS. ; the Mollusca, with 24 plates, by Arthur Adams, F.L.S., and Lovell Reeve, F.L.S.; the Crustacea, with 13 plates, by Arthur Adams, F.L.S., and Adam White, F.L.S. Royal 4to, price £3. 10s. coloured. 56. Sir John Richardson. Zoology of the Voyage of RM.S. Herald, Under the command of Captain Kellett, R.N., during the years 1845- 1851. By Sir J. RICHARDSON. Edited by Professor Edward Forbes, F.R.S. Published under the authority of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty. Part I. Fossil Mammals, 15 double plates. Royal 4to, 21s. Part II. Fossil Mammals, 10 plates. Royal 4to, 10s. 6d. Part III. Reptiles and Fish, 10 plates. Royal 4to, 10s. Qd. MR. REEVE'S LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. /X/X/VWV 57. Miss M. E. Catlow. Popular Scripture Zoology; Containing a familiar History of the Animals mentioned in the Bible. By MARIA E. CATLOW. With 1 6 coloured plates. Royal 16mo, price 10s. 6d. "It contains a short and clear account of the animals mentioned in the Bible, classed according to their genera, and illustrated by a number of well-executed and characte- ristic coloured plates. It is a seasonable addition to a very nice set of books." GUARDIAN. " Miss Catlow's abilities as a naturalist, and her tact in popularizing any subject she undertakes, are too well known to need reiteration on this occasion." NOTES AND QUERIES. 58. R.J. The Planetary and Stellar Universe. A Series of Lectures. By ROBERT JAMES MANN. 12 mo, price 5s. "A brief abstract of the discoveries of Newton, clearly explained and elegantly illus- trated." WESTMINSTER AND FOREIGN QUARTERLY REVIEW. 59. H. Edwards, LL.D. Illustrations of the Wisdom and Benevoknce of the Deity y as manifested in Nature. By H. EDWARDS, LL.D. 16mo, price 2s. 6d. " A little excursion in the track of Paley and the broad road of the Bridgewater Trea- tises. Animals, Atmosphere, Organic Matter, Light, and Electricity are the natural elements out of which the author deduces his pious lessons, leading to a First Cause in wonder, admiration, and worship." LITERARY GAZETTE. PREPARING FOR PUBLICATION. Popular British Archceology. By the REV. C. BOUTELL, M.A. Flora Tasmanica : A History of the Plants of Van Diemen's Land ; being the concluding portion of the ' Flora Antarctica.' By Dr. J. D. HOOKER, F.R.S. [Part I. now ready. Insecta Britannica. Vol. IV. Diptera, Vol. III. By FRANCIS WALKER, F.L.S. Popular Garden Botany. Vol. II., Greenhouse Plants. By AGNES CATLOW. Popular History of British Fossils. By Professor WYVILLE THOMSON. Popular History of British Fishes. By the REV. J. LONGMUIR. Popular History of British Lichens. By Dr. LAUDER LINDSEY. Popular History of British Crustacea. By ADAM WHITE, F.L.S. Popular History of the Water Vivarium. By G. B. SOWERBY, F.L.S. 17414 _ THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW BOOKS REQUESTED BY ANOTHER BORROWER ARE SUBJECT TO RECALL AFTER ONE WEEK. RENEWED BOOKS ARE SUBJECT TO IMMEDIATE RECALL LIBRARY, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS D4613 (12/76)