)^ .898 8? UNIVERSITY OF • LINOIS LIBRARY JRBANA-CHAMPAIGN ACES AGRICULTURE LIBRARY m n?j- 1988 Insect Pest Management Guide JVESTOCK and LIVESTOCK BUILDINGS CONTENTS Beef Cattle and Nonlactating Dairy Cattle 2 Lactating Dairy Cattle 8 Hogs 11 Sheep 12 Goats 13 Poultry 13 Horses ^ 14 Fly Control in Livestock Buildings and Feedlots 16 Successful pest management is an essential part of effi- cient and profitable livestock production. Although pest- related losses are often inconspicuous, flies, lice, mites, and ticks can cause significant reductions in meat, milk, wool, and egg production. Several livestock pests also transmit important diseases. Effective management of livestock pests should in- clude the use of cultural, mechanical, and biological control tactics as well as the application of chemical insecticides. Insecticides should be viewed as supple- ments to, not replacements for, sanitation and sound cultural practices. Used properly, insecticides efficiently reduce pest populations without injuring livestock or threatening the safety of either the pesticide applicator or the ultimate consumer of animal products. This publication provides recommendations for safe and effective use of livestock insecticides. It is revised annually; always use the current year's issue. Registration changes that occur between revisions will be announced to appropriate media sources and county Extension offices. If you have questions about the use of insecticides for livestock insect management, consult your county Extension adviser. Selection of the insecticides listed on the following pages was based on EPA registrations and on efficacy data reported by entomologists of the University of Illinois College of Agriculture, the Illinois Natural His- tory Survey, and other midwestern universities. If listed insecticides fail to provide pest control, please contact your county Extension adviser or the Entomology Ex- tension office at the University of Illinois. Additional sources of information. In the tables, leaflets outlining the life history, biology, and habits of livestock pests are indicated by the letters "NHE" and the leaflet number. Request these leaflets at your county Extension office or from Entomology Extension, 172 Natural Resources Building, 607 East Peabody Drive, Champaign, Illinois 61820. Additional pest management publications available from the Office of Agricultural Publications (54 Mumford Hall, 1301 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801) include Circular 899, 1988 Insect Pest Management Guide: Field and Forage Crops; Circular 900, 1988 Insect Pest Management Guide: Home, Yard, and Garden; Circular 925, Insect Pests of Cattle; Circular 897, 1988 Insect Pest Management Guide: Com- mercial Vegtetable Crops; and Circular 1 1 36, Alfalfa Weevil Pest Management Program. Using livestock insecticides. The pesticide user is always reponsible for the results of insecticide applica- tions to his livestock and crops, as well as for problems of pesticide drift and contamination. All users should observe the following rules. • Read the label and follow directions and safety pre- cautions. Be sure that the insecticide is specifically labeled for the pest and animal in question and the application method planned. THE LABEL IS THE LAW. • Use face masks or respirators and protective clothing during spraying. Avoid breathing spray mist or dust. • If pesticides are spilled on the skin or clothing, wash thoroughly with soap and water and change clothes. • Do not eat, drink, or smoke when handling pesticides. • Provide adequate ventilation when applying pesticides. • Do not exceed registered rates of application. Im- proper or excessive applications can endanger livestock and result in illegal residues in meat and milk. • Obey the preslaughter interval listed on the label. UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE In cooperation with ILLINOIS NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY CIRCULAR 898 (revised annually) October 1987 Prepared by Richard A. Weinzierl, Extension Entomologist AUG^G • Avoid drift to adjacent cropland, yards, woodlots, lakes, or ponds. Some materials may injure or kill fish, wildlife, and crops. • Do not treat animals that are sick, overheated, or stressed from shipping, dehorning, castration, recent weaning, and other causes. • Avoid contamination of feed, mangers, water, milk, and milking equipment. • Do not spread treated manure on crops that are not listed on the pesticide label. • Accurately record all pesticide usage. Include the pesticide's trade name, formulation, dilution, applica- tion rate, and date of treatment. • Store pesticides in their original, labeled containers, safely locked away from children, pets, and livestock. • Dispose of empty pesticide containers promptly and properly according to specified recommendations. Do not breathe smoke from burning containers. • Contact a physician at once in all cases of suspected poisoning. Symptoms of organophosphate poisoning include blurred vision, abdominal cramps, and tight- ness in the chest. Poison Resource Centers. The Poison Resource Centers listed below have been established to provide information about the treatment of poisoning cases. Anyone with a poisoning emergency can call the toll- free telephone number for help. Personnel at the Re- source Center will provide first-aid information and refer callers to local treatment centers if necessary. Poison Resource Centers supplement, but do not replace, local emergency medical services. Do not delay calling local emergency medical personnel to request immediate assistance or transportation. If possible, have the pesticide container and label present when you call or reach a treatment center or hospital. Chicago and northeast Illinois 1753 West Congress Parkway Chicago, Illinois 60612 Telephone: 800-942-5969 Northern and central Illinois 530 N.E. Glen Oak Peoria, Illinois 61603 Telephone: 800-322-5330 Central and southern Illiyxois 800 East Carpenter Springfield, Illinois 62702 Telephone: 800-252-2022 Preventing livestock poisoning. Every year livestock animals die after consuming pesticide granules, wettable powders, or dusts that have been spilled on trucks, wagons, or soil surfaces. Animals consume the pesticide alone or with feed grains or forage placed on the contaminated surface. Prevent livestock poisoning by properly containing and disposing of spilled pesticides and by storing all pesticides in locked facilities that are inaccessible to domestic and wild animals, as well as to children. NOTE: The information in the following tables is for educational purposes only. Reference to commercial products or trade names does not constitute an endorsement by the University of Illinois and does not imply discrimination against other similar products. Trade names are presented for reasons of clarity only. The reader is urged to exercise the usual caution in making purchases or evaluating product information. Beef Cattle and Nonlactating Dairy Cattle Pest Treatment method Insecticide and formulation Dilution and rate Preslaughter interval, restrictions, comments LICE (NHE 18) '/i6 to Vs inch long. Biting lice are red- dish, flattened, and active. Sucking lice are gray to blue and sluggish. Heavy populations cause poor growth, general unthrifti- ness, and anemia. Symptoms are rough, patchy hair coats and a dirty appearance. Lice are most trouble- some when cattle are crowded in shelters during winter months. Self-treatment devices such as back rubbers, face rubbers, and dust bags effectively control lice when used in conjunction with systemic insecticides applied from August through October for grub control. The systemics kill lice that are present on animals during the fall; the self-treating devices then hold louse propulations below economic levels throughout the winter. Place rubbing devices and dust bags where cattle will use them. For back rubbers and face rubbers, mix insecticides with No. 2 fuel oil, No. 2 diesel fuel, or an oil recommended on the insecticide label. Mineral oil is less irritating than fuel oil. Do not use waste oil or motor oil. Keep dust bags dry. Service self-treating devices at least once per month. Back rubber or Co-Ral 1 1.6% EC 1 gal/ 13 gal 0 days, do not apply with oral drenches, with face rubber (coumaphos) fuel or mineral other internal medications such as phenothi- (oilers) oil. azine, or with natural or synthetic pyrethroids, synergists, or organophosphates. malathion 57% EC 0.5 pt/1.5 gal 0 days. fuel or mineral oil. Dust bag Products listed for use in dust bags can also be applied by hand-dusting. Follow label directions. Co-Ral 1% D (coumaphos) Ectiban or Permectrin 0.25% D (permethrin) Rabon 3% D (stirofos) 10 lb dust/bag. Use 0 days. 1 bag/ 10-20 head. 10 lb dust/bag. Use 0 days. 1 bag/ 10-20 head. 4-8 lb dust/bag. Use 0 days. 1 bag/ 10-20 head. Beef Cattle and Nonlactating Dairy Cattle, continued Pest Treatment method Insecticide and formulation Dilution and rate Preslaughter interval, restrictions, comments LICE, com. Spray Pour-on or spot-on Injection Apply sufficient spray to thoroughly wet each animal. Use up to 1 gallon finished spray per animal. Do not contaminate feed or water. Ciovap 12.5% EC (crotoxyphos plus dichlorvos) Co-Ral 11.6% EC or 25% WP (coumaphos) 2 qt 11.6% EC or 2 lb 25% WP/100 gal water. Delnav 15% EC or 30% EC (dioxathion) Ectiban 5.7% EC (permethrin) (Additional permethrin form Permectrin II are registered application rates.) malathion 57% EC 2 gal/ 100 gal water. 0 days. Make a second application 10-14 days after first. Repeat as necessary but not more often then every 7 days. Do not treat Brahman cattle. 0 days. Do not treat calves less than 3 months old or sick, convalescent, or stressed cattle. Do not spray within 10 days after shipping, weaning, or disease exposure. Do not spray in nonventilated areas. Do not apply in conjunc- tion with other organophosphates, pyreth- roids, synergists, or phenothiazine. 1 qt 15% EC or 0 days. Do not treat more often than every 1 pt 30% EC/25 14 days. Do not use on dairy cattle or in dairy gal water. barns. Restricted-Use. 1 qt/100 gal water. 0 days. Repeat treatment 14-21 days after first application. Do not treat more often than every 14 days. ulations including emulsifiable concentrates of Insectrin, Permaban, and for control of lice on beef cattle. Check product labels for dilution and Rabon 50% WP or 24% EC (stirofos) methoxycholor 25% EC or 50% WP Ravap 28.7% EC (stirofos plus dichlorvos) Taktic 12.5% EC (amitraz) 1 gal/ 100 gal water. 4 lb 50% WP/75 gal water or 1.5 gal 24% EC/ 100 gal water. 2 qt 25% EC or 2 lb 50% WP/25 gal water. 1 gal/75 gal water. 1 qt/100 gal water. Use up to 2 gal spray per fully grown animal. 0 days. Do not apply to lactating dairy cattle or within 14 days of freshening. Do not treat calves less than 1 month old. 0 days. Beef cattle only. 0 days. Repeat treatment 14-21 days after first application. Do not use on dairy cattle or in dairy barns. 0 days. Beef cattle only. Do not treat more often than once every 10 days. 0 days. Restricted-use. Apply spray within 6 hours after mixing. Repeat application in 10- 14 days. Fall applications of systemic pour-ons and spot-ons such as Co-Ral (coumaphos), Warbex (famphur), Tiguvon (fenthion), Neguvon (trichlorfon), and Prolate (phosmet) for grub control also reduce louse populations. These treatments may not provide season-long louse control through the winter. Follow label directions concerning reuse after grub treatment cut-off dates. Products listed below effectively control lice, but do not provide grub control. Dursban 44 (chlorpyrifos) 2 cc/100 lb body weight Lysoff 7.6% EC (fenthion) 1 pt/1 gal water. Use 1 fl oz/100 lb body weight. 14 days. Beef cattle only. Apply as spot treat- ment. Do not exeed 16 cc/animal. Do not treat calves under 3 months old or bulls over 8 months old. Do not treat purebred conti- nental or exotic breed cattle such as Charolais, Chianina, Simmental, and Gelbveih. Do not retreat within 30 days. Do not use on cows within 21 days prior to calving or 14 days after calving. 21 days; 35 days if 2 applications are made. Do not apply within 28 days of freshening of dairy cattle. Pour evenly along back line. Do not treat calves under 3 months old or sick, convalescent, or stressed livestock. Do not use with other cholinesterase-inhibiting insecti- cides or drugs. Ivomec 1% (ivermectin) Ready to use. 1 cc/110 lb body weight. 35 days. Inject subcutaneously. Use aseptic procedures. Do not use on dairy cattle of breeding age. Beef Cattle and Nonlactating Dairy Cattle, continued Pest Treatment method Insecticide and formulation Dilution and rate Preslaughter interval, restrictions, comments CATTLE GRUBS Larvae ("grubs") bore through the skin and migrate within the host to the skin of the back. Grubs ruin hides and reduce weight gain. The hairy, yellow and black adult flies, slightly smaller than honey bees, annoy grazing cat- tle. Timing of grub control treatments is important. Systemic insecticides applied as pour-ons, spot-ons, or sprays travel within the animal's bloodstream and should be applied to control grubs 6 to 8 weeks before they migrate to the animal's back. Late treatments may cause host-parasite reactions with symptoms of bloat, hindquarter paralysis, or death. Systemic insecticides should be used on native beef cattle herds in August or September in southern Illinois, and in September or October in the northern half of the state. Treat only pastured cattle in herds with histories of grub problems. Animals in confinement are not attacked by ox warble flies (heel flies). Heel fly season and grub treatment dates are earlier for cattle grazed in southern states. Cattle feeders should either know the origin of feeder cattle to determine grub treatment dates or should purchase only cattle that have received grub treatments. Do not apply systemic insecticides in conjunction with or immediately after phenothiazine, with pyrethrins or synthetic pyrethroids or their synergists, or with other organophosphate insecticides. Do not treat cattle under stress from castration, dehorning, weaning, shipping, illness, or overexertion. Do not treat calves less than 3 months old. Pour-on Apply pour-ons using a long-handled dipper supplied by the manufacturer. Apply to the back line from the shoulder to the hip. Co-Ral 4% (coumaphos) Neguvon 8% (trichlorfon) Prolate (GX-118) 11.6% E (phosmet) Tiguvon 3% (fenthion) Warbex 13.2% (famphur) Ready to use. Apply 0.5 fl oz/100 lb body weight. Ready to use. Apply 0.5 fl oz/100 lb body weight. Do not exceed 4 fl oz/animal. 1 gal/2 gal water. Apply 1 fl oz/100 lb body weight. Do not exceed 8 fl oz/animal. Ready to use. Apply 0.5 fl oz/100 lb body weight. Ready to use. Apply 0.5 fl oz/100 lb body weight. Do not exceed 4 fl oz/animal. 0 days. Do not apply within 14 days of fresh- ening of dairy cattle. 21 days. Do not apply within 7 days of fresh- ening of dairy cattle. 21 days. Do not apply to dairy animals. 35 days. Do not apply within 28 days of freshening of dairy cattle. 35 days. Do not apply within 21 days of freshening of dairy cattle. Do not use on Brahmans or Brahman crossbreeds. Spot-on To apply spot-ons, use the applicator system provided by the manufacturer. Apply the material to a single location on the back midline. Spotton 20% (fenthion) Ready to use. Apply 4 cc/300 lb body weight. Do not exceed 20 cc/animal. 45 days. Do not treat dairy cattle of breeding age. Spray Use high-pressure sprays (250-350 psi) to apply 3 to 4 quarts of finished spray per animal. Because few farm sprayers generate sufficient pressure for proper application, veterinarians and commercial applicators with appropriate livestock spray equipment should be contacted to apply grub sprays. Use a pencil stream of spray directed at right angles to the sides and back. Treat 10 or fewer animals at one time. Do not contaminate feed or water. Co-Ral 25% WP or 1 1 .6% EC (coumaphos) Prolate (GX-118) 11.6% EC (phosmet) 12-16 lb 25% WP or 8-12 qt 11.6% EC/ 100 gal water. 2 gal/ 100 gal water. 0 days. Do not apply within 14 days of fresh- ening of dairy cattle. 21 days. Beef cattle only. Injection Ivomec 1% (ivermectin) Ready to use. 1 cc/110 lb body weight. 35 days. Inject subcutaneously. Use aseptic procedures. Do not use on dairy cattle of breeding age. MANGE MITES Microscopic mites live on the skin or burrow into it. Le- sions vary with mite species. Infes- tations are greatest when cattle are crowded in shel- ters during winter months. Chorioptic mange is the most prevalent mite-induced disorder of Illinois cattle. Infested cattle may or may not develop lesions; lesions usually occur as localized nodules that exude serum. They are most numerous from the tailhead to the hind heels. Insecticides listed previously for louse control on beef cattle also control chorioptic mange mites. Cattle scabies (psoroptic mange) is a quarantinable disease. Its symptoms are lesions that occur first on the withers, over the back, and at the tailhead. Small wounds cause itching, and rubbing leads to abscesses, especially on the shoulders and rump. Mites move to edges of scabs, causing lesions to enlarge and coalesce. Scabs may cover much of the body. Where cattle scabies is detected, contact the Illinois Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Animal Health, Illinois State Fairgrounds, Springfield, Illinois 62706, 217/782-4944. Beef Cattle and Nonlactating Dairy Cattle, continued Pest Treatment method Insecticide and formulation Dilution and rate Preslaughter interval, restrictions, comments TICKS 8-legged adults of most species are reddish brown and less than Vi inch long. Engorged fe- males may exceed Vi inch in length. Ticks are blood feeders and disease vectors. Ticks rarely pose wooded areas. Spray an economic threat to cattle in Illinois. Problems are most likely where cattle graze in brushy or Apply sufficient spray to thorougly wet each animal; use up to 1 gallon finished spray per animal. Do not contaminate feed or water. Ciovap 12.5% EC (crotoxyphos plus dichlorvos) Co-Ral 25% WP or 11.6% EC (coumaphos) 4 lb 25% WP or 1 gal 11.6% EC/ 100 gal water. 2 gal/ 100 gal 0 days. Repeat application 10-14 days after water. first spray. Do not use more than once every 7 days. 0 days. Do not treat calves less than 3 months old or sick, convalescent, or stressed cattle. Do not spray within 10 days after shipping, weaning, or disease exposure. Do not spray in nonventilated areas. Do not apply in conjunc- tion with phenothiazine, pyrethroids, syner- gists, or systemic organophosphate insecti- cides. 0 days. Do not apply more than once every 14 days. (Additional permethrin formulations including emulsifiable concentrates of Insectrin, Permaban, and Permectrin II are registered for control of ticks on cattle. Check product labels for dilution and application rates.) Ectiban 5.7% EC (permethrin) 1 qt/100 gal water. malathion 57% EC Taktic 12.5% EC (amitraz) 1-2 gal/ 100 gal water. 1 qt/100 gal water. Use up to 2 gal spray per fully grown animal. 0 days. Do not apply to dairy cattle within 14 days of freshening. Do not treat calves less than 1 month old. 0 days. Restricted-use. Apply spray within 6 hours after mixing. Repeat application in 10- 14 days. MOSQUITOES Annoyance may cause cattle to bunch in or near buildings and re- duce their grazing. Mosquito populations are greatest near low, wet areas, ponds, or slow-moving streams. Reduction of mosquito breeding sites is necessary for long-term control. Spray (to animals) Ectiban 5.7% 1 qt/100 gal water. 0 days. Do not apply more often than every 14 days. (Additional permethrin formulations including emulsifiable concentrates of Insectrin, Permaban, and Permectrin II are registered for the control of mosquitoes and horse flies on cattle. Check product labels for dilution and application rates.) Vapona 23.4% EC (dichlorvos) pyrethrin (0.1%) plus synergist 1 qt/6 gal water. Mist 1-2 fl oz/ animal/day. Mist 1-2 fl oz/ animal. 1 day. Do not contaminate feed or water. Do not wet skin. Do not apply in conjunction with trichlorfon. 0 days. Do not contaminate feed or water. Do not wet skin. Repeat as necessary. HORSE FLIES, DEER FLIES (NHE 60) Large flies that feed on the back, shoulders, neck, and head. Blood feeding annoys cat- tle and reduces grazing and weight gain. Wounds at- tract other flies. Adequate and practical control methods for horse flies and deer flies on pastured beef cattle are not available. Insecticide applications provide some relief but do not provide long-term control. Place cattle in barns or sheds to protect them from horse flies and deer flies. Spray Ectiban 5.7% 1 qt/100 gal water. 0 days. Do not apply more often than every 14 days. (Additional permethrin formulations including emulsifiable concentrates of Insectrin, Permaban, and Permectrin II are registered for the control of mosquitoes and horse flies on cattle. Check product labels for dilution and application rates.) pyrethrin (0.5- 1.0%) plus synergist 0.5% oil is ready to use; apply 2 fl oz/animal 3 times per week. Mix 1 gal 1% EC/ 10 gal water; apply 1 to 2 pt/ animal every 3 days. 0 days. Apply to head, back, sides, belly, and legs. Do not contaminate feed or water. Beef Cattle and Nonlactating Dairy Cattle, continued Pest Treatment method Insecticide and formulation Dilution and rate Preslaughter interval, restrictions, comments PASTURE FLIES (HORN FLIES, FACE FLIES, STABLE FLIES) Horn flies (NHE 59) are smaller than house flies but are similarly colored and marked. They have piercing mouthparts and are blood feeders. Horn flies congre- gate about the back, shoulders, and horns; on hot days they are mostly on the shady side of the animal or on the belly. Horn flies seldom follow ani- mals into barns or sheds. Face flies (NHE 106) resemble house flies but are slightly larger and darker. Only fe- males frequently visit cattle. They feed on secretions about the eyes, nose, and mouth. Annoyance to cat- tle reduces feed- ing. Face flies also transmit pinkeye. Face flies do not attack cattle in barns or sheds. Stable flies (NHE 61) resemble house flies but have a piercing pro- boscis that pro- trudes from the front of the head. Stable flies are blood feeders that often attack the lower portion of the front legs. Sta- ble flies attack both pastured and feedlot cattle. Moving cattle into barns or sheds will reduce attacks by horn flies and face flies. Back rubber or Mix insecticides with No. 2 fuel oil, No. 2 diesel fuel, or a label-recommended mineral oil. Mineral oils are less irritating than fuel oils. Do not use waste oil or motor oil. Service the rubbing device at least one per week. Self-treating devices are effective only if they are used regularly. Place rubbing devices in the entryways to water or mineral feeders to ensure usage. Effective horn fly control can be achieved with forced-use oilers, but only partial control of face flies is provided by these devices. Oilers do not control stable flies. face rubber (oilers) Dust bag Feed additive Ciovap 12.5% EC (crotoxyphos plus dichlorvos) Co-Ral 11.6% EC (coumaphos) Delnav 15% EC or 30% EC (dioxathion) Ectiban 5.7% EC (permethrin) Permectrin II 10% EC (permethrin) Ravap 28.7% EC (stirofos plus dichlorvos) 1 qt/4 gal fuel or mineral oil. 1 gal/ 13 gal fuel or mineral oil. 2 qt 15% EC or 1 qt 30% EC/5 gal fuel or mineral oil. 1 qt/10 gal diesel oil. 1 qt/20 gal fuel or mineral oil. 1 qt/7 gal fuel or mineral oil. 0 days. 0 days. 0 days. Beef cattle only. 0 days. Do not charge self-treating devices with permethrin if the treatment is intended to aid in delaying horn fly resistance to py- rethroids or to control resistant horn flies that are not controlled by pyrethroid ear tags. 0 days. Do not charge self-treating devices with permethrin of the treatment is intended to aid in delaying horn fly resistance to py- rethroids or to control resistant horn flies tnat are not controlled by pyrethroid ear tags. 0 days. Beef cattle only. Dust bags are effective only if they are used mineral feeders to ensure use. Keep dust bags Forced-use dust bags that contact the animals reductions in face flies; dust bags do not effect Co-Ral 1% D 10 lb/bag. (coumaphos) Ectiban or Permectrin 10 lb/bag. 0.25% D (permethrin) malathion 4% methoxychlor Rabon 3% D (stirofos) )lus >% D 1 10-lb bag/ 10-15 animals. 4-8 lb/bag. regularly. Place them in the entryways to water or dry and well charged; service at least once per week, face provide effective horn fly control and significant ively control stable flies. 0 days. 0 days. Do not charge self-treating devices with permethrin if the treatment is intended to aid in delaying horn fly resistance to py- rethroids or to control resistant horn flies that are not controlled by pyrethroid ear tags. 0 days. Beef cattle only. 0 days. Feed additives prevent the development of face fly and horn fly larvae in cattle manure. Stable flies do not develop in fresh manure and are not controlled by feed additives. Face flies migrate considerable distances, so larval control in manure of a single herd will not significantly reduce fly populations if other herds in the area do not also receive feed additives. Animals must consume the recommended dosage for the feed additive to be effective. Altosid 0.02% 0.25-0.5 lb/100 (methoprene) lb body weight/ animal/month. 0 days. Feed mineral mix or block from May to September. phenothiazine 17.8% Rabon 97.3% or 7.76% Oral Larvacide (stirofos) Mix 1:3 with salt. Use 1 lb mixture/ 10 head/day. 70 mg a.i./lOO lb body weight/day. 0 days. Feed no other salt. Use from May to September. 0 days. Use from May through September. Mix with complete feeds, concentrates, or protein supplements. Ear tag or Ear tags and tapes impregnated with pyrethroid insecticides such as fenvalerate, flucythrinate, or ear tape permethrin effectively control horn flies (in the absence of resistance) and provide some control of face flies. They do not control stable flies. One tag or tape per cow will effectively control non- resistant horn fly populations for up to 20 weeks. Mid-season control failures indicate horn fly resistance. Using 2 tags per cow and 2 tags per calf will improve face fly control; maximizing tagging rate will not overcome horn fly resistance. Attach tags in late May or early June after fly populations have begun to increase. Remove tags in September or October. Tags containing the organophosphate Rabon (stirofos) provide fly control for approximately 6 weeks after application. Beef Cattle and Nonlactating Dairy Cattle, continued Pest Treatment method Insecticide and formulation Dilution and rate Preslaughter interval, restrictions, comments PASTURE FLIES, cont. Ear tag or Horn fly populations in several locations throughout Illinois have developed resistance to pyrethroids ear tape, cont. in ear tags. To slow the development of resistance or manage pyrethroid-resistant horn flies: 1. Delay applying pyrethroid tags until early-season horn fly infestations have reached 100-200 flies per animal. 2. Use sprays, dust bags, or oilers containing an organophosphate (crotoxyphos, dichlorvos, cou- maphos, dioxathion, or stirofos) or a chlorinated hydrocarbon (methoxychlor) on a regular basis, even in herds treated with pyrethroid tags. Use these treatments as least once before tagging and again after tags have been removed in September and October. Organophosphate ear tags (Rabon tags) provide another alternative to pyrethroids, but combination tags containing a pyrethroid plus chlorpyrifos (Dursban) have not been shown to delay resistance development or control pyrethroid-resistant horn flies. Do not use pyrethroid tags every year or on every herd; alternate with other treatment methods. 3. Do not use sprays or dusts of pyrethroids to control flies not controlled by pyrethroid tags. 4. Remove tags as soon as possible where resistance is evident (more than 100 horn flies per animal). Continuous exposure to pyrethroid tags prevents a decline in the level of resistance in the horn fly population. Spray fenvalerate 8% tag (Ectrin, Insecta- Shield, Ear Tag Plus, Starbar, Vet Shack) flucythrinate 7.5% tag (Guardian) permethrin 10% tag (Atroban, Apollo, Insecta- Gard, Gard Star, Fearing Du-flex, Gen-Sal, Permectrin) permethrin 0.9 g tape (Ectiban) stirofos 13.7% tag (Rabon) 1-2 tags per head. 1-2 tags per head. 1-2 tags per head. 1 tape per animal. 1-2 tags per head. 0 days. Apply when fly activity begins in spring; remove in fall or before slaughter. 0 days. Apply when fly activity begins in spring; remove in fall or before slaughter. 0 days. Apply when fly activity begins in spring; remove in fall or before slaughter. 0 days. Apply when fly activity begins in spring; remove in fall or before slaughter. 0 days. Apply when fly activity begins in spring; remove in fall or before slaughter. Sprays directed to animals should not contaminate feed or water. Do not use sprays containing fenvalerate or permethrin to control resistant horn flies that are not controlled by pyrethroid ear tags. Ciovap 12.5% EC (crotoxyphos plus dichlorvos) Co-Ral 11.6% EC or 25% WP (coumaphos) Delnav 15% EC or 30% EC (dioxathion) Ectiban 5.7% EC (permethrin) (Additional permethri Permectrin II are reg and application rate Ectrin 10% WDL (fenvalerate) 1 pint/1.5 gal water. Use 1-2 fl oz mist/animal/day. OR: 2 gal/50 gal water. Use 1-2 qt/animal. 2 qt 11.6% EC or 2 lb 25% WP/ 100 gal water. Completely wet skin to runoff. 1 qt 15% EC or 1 pt 30% EC/25 gal water. 1 qt/100 gal water. Thoroughly wet animals. 0 days. 0 days. Repeat as needed, but not more often than once every 7 days. 0 days. Do not apply to dairy cattle within 14 days of freshening. 0 days. Do not use more often than every 14 days. Do not use on dairy cattle or in dairy barns. Restricted-Use. 0 days. Repeat as needed, but not more often than once every 14 days. n formulations including emulsifiable concentrates of Insectrin, Permaban, and istered for control of pasture flies on cattle. Check product labels for dilution methoxychlor 25% EC or 50% WP Rabon 50% WP (stirofos) Ravap 28.7% EC (stirofos plus dichlorvos) 8 oz/2'/2 gal water. Mist 2-3 fl oz/animal every 4-7 days. Or mix 8 oz/12 gal water. Use 1 qt/ animal every 7 days. 2 qt 25% EC or 2 lb 50% WP/25 gal water. 4 lb/75 gal water. Use xh to 1 gal/animal. 1 gal/75 gal water. Use V2 to 1 gal/animal. 0 days. State-labeled use; applicator must have label in possession. 0 days. Do not use on dairy cattle or in dairy barns. 0 days. Beef cattle only. 0 days. Beef cattle only. Repeat as needed, but not more often than once every 10 days. Lactating Dairy Cattle Insecticides listed in this section are registered for use on lactating dairy cattle. Most insecticides listed for use on beef cattle can be applied to nonlactating dairy cattle if the specified interval between application and freshening is observed. Follow all label directions. Pest Treatment method Insecticide and formulation Dilution and rate Preslaughter interval, restrictions, comments LICE Dust bag (NHE 18) '/i6 to Va inch long. Biting lice are red- dish, flattened, and active. Sucking lice are gray to blue and sluggish. Heavy populations Spray cause reduced milk production and anemia. Symptoms are rough, patchy hair coats and a dirty appearance. Most troublesome in winter. Place dust bags at milkroom exits. Keep bags charged and dry, and service at least once per month. (Co-Ral 1% dust and Ectiban and Permectrin 0.25% dusts can be used for direct hand-dusting; follow label directions.) Co-Ral 1% D (coumaphos) Ectiban or Permectrin 0.25% D (permethrin) 10 lb dust/bag. 10 lb dust/bag. Self-treating. 0 days. 0 days. Apply sufficient spray to thoroughly wet each animal; use up to 1 gallon finished spray per animal. Do not contaminate feed, water, milk, or milking equipment. Ciovap 12.5% EC (crotoxyphos plus dichlorvos) Co-Ral 11.6% EC or 25% WP (coumaphos) Ectiban 5.7% EC (permethrin) 1 qt/12 gal water. 1 qt 11.6% EC or 1 lb 25% WP/100 gal water. 1 qt/100 gal water. 0 days. Make a second application 10-14 days after first. Repeat as needed, but not more than once every 7 days. 0 days. Do not treat calves less than 3 months old. 0 days. Repeat application 14-21 days after first treatment. (Additional permethrin formulations including emulsifiable concentrates of Insectrin, Permaban, and Permectrin II are registered for the control of lice on dairy cattle. Check product labels for dilution and application rates.) Taktic 12.5% EC (amitraz) 1 qt/100 gal water. Use up to 2 gal per fully grown animal. 0 days. Restricted-use. Apply spray within 6 hours after mixing. Repeat application in 10- 14 days. CATTLE GRUBS No pesticides are currently registered for control of cattle grubs on lactating dairy cattle. MANGE MITES Microscopic mites live on or within skin. Lesions vary with mite species. Infestations are greatest when cat- tle are crowded in shelters during winter. Mange caused by chorioptic mites (barn itch mites) is the most common mite-induced disorder of Illinois dairy cattle. Infested cattle may or may not develop lesions; lesions usually appear as localized nodules that exude serum. Lesions are most prevalent from the tailhead to the hind heels. Insecticides listed for louse control on dairy cattle also control chorioptic mange. Cattle scabies (psoroptic mange) is a quarantinable disease. Its symptoms are lesions that occur first at the withers, over the back, and at the tailhead. The wounds itch, and rubbing leads to absesses, especially on the shoulders and rump. Mites move to edges of scabs, causing lesions to enlarge and coalesce. Scabs may cover much of the body. Where cattle scabies is detected, contact the Illinois Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Animal Health, Illinois State Fairgrounds, Springfield, Illinois 62706, 217/782-4944. TICKS 8-legged adults of most species are reddish brown and less than '/ inch long. Engorged fe- males may exceed xh inch in length. Ticks are blood feeders and disease vectors. Ticks are rarely economically important on Illinois dairy cattle. Problems are most likely where cattle graze in brushy or wooded areas. Spray Ciovap 12.5% EC (crotoxyphos plus dichlorvos) Ectiban 5.7% EC (permethrin) 1 qt/12 gal water. Use up to 1 gal/animal. 1 qt/25 gal water. Use 1-2 qt/animal. 0 days. Make a second application 10-14 days after first. Do not apply more often than once every 7 days. 0 days. Do not apply more often than once every 14 days. (Additional permethrin formulations including emulsifiable concentrates of Insectrin, Permaban, and Permectrin II are registered for the control of ticks on dairy cattle. Check product labels for dilution and application rates. Taktic 12.5% EC (amitraz) 1 qt/100 gal water. Use up to 2 gal per fully grown animal. 0 days. Restricted-use. Apply spray within 6 hours after mixing. Repeat application in 10- 14 days. MOSQUITOES Blood feeding. An- noyance may cause cattle to remain in buildings and re- duce their grazing. Spray (to animals) Mosquito populations are greatest near low, wet areas, ponds, and slow-moving streams. Reduction of mosquito breeding sites is necessary for long-term control. Ectiban 5.7% EC 1 qt/25 gal 0 days. Do not apply more often than every (permethrin) water, use 1-2 14 days. qt per animal. (Additional permethrin formulations including emulsifiable concentrates of Insectrin, Permaban, and Permectrin II are registered for the control of mosquitoes on dairy cattle. Check product labels for dilution and application rates.) Vapona 23.4% EC 1 qt/6 gal 1 day. Do not wet skin. Do not contaminate (dichlorvos) water. Mist 1-2 feed, water, milk, or milking equipment. fl oz/animal/day. 8 Lactating Dairy Cattle, continued Pest Treatment method Insecticide and formulation Dilution and rate Preslaughter interval, restrictions, comments MOSQUITOES, cont. Spray (to animals), cont. pyrethrin (0.03- 0.10%) plus synergist (0.5- 1.0%) Ready to use. Mist 1-2 fl oz/ animal. 0 days. Do not wet skin. Do not contaminate feed, water, milk, or milking equipment. Re- peat as necessary. PASTURE FLIES (HORN FLIES, FACE FLIES, STABLE FLIES) Horn flies (NHE 59) are smaller than house flies but are similarly colored and marked. They have piercing mouthparts and are blood feeders. Horn flies congre- gate about the back, shoulders, and horns; on hot days they are mostly on the shady side of the animal or on the belly. Horn flies seldom follow ani- mals into barns or sheds. Face flies (NHE 106) resemble house flies but are slightly larger and darker. Only fe- males frequently visit cattle. They feed on secretions about the eyes, nose, and mouth. Annoyance to cat- tle reduces feed- ing. Face flies also transmit pinkeye. Face flies do not attack cattle in barns or sheds. Stable flies (NHE 61) resemble house flies but have a piercing pro- boscis that pro- trudes from the front of the head. Stable flies are blood feeders that often attack the lower portion of the front legs. Sta- ble flies attack both pastured and feedlot cattle. Reduce attacks by horn flies, face flies, deer flies, and horse flies by moving cattle into barns or sheds. Back rubber or Mix insecticides with No. 2 fuel oil, No. 2 diesel fuel, or a label-recommended mineral oil. Mineral oils are less irritating than fuel oils. Do not use waste oil or motor oil. Service the oiler at least once per week. For self-treating devices to be effective, cattle must use them frequently. Place oilers in the entryways to water or mineral feeders or in the milking room exit. Well-used back rubbers or face rubbers will control horn flies and provide some face fly control. The will not control stable flies. face rubber (oilers) Dust bag Spray Ciovap 12.5% EC (crotoxyphos plus dichlorvos) Co-Ral 1 1 .6% EC (courrlaphos) Ectiban 5.7% EC (permethrin) Permectrin II 10% EC (permethrin) 1 gal/ 16 gal fuel or mineral «il. 1 gal/ 13 gal fuel or mineral 1 qt/10 gal oil. 1 qt/20 gal fuel or mineral oil. 0 days. 0 days. 0 days. Do not charge self-treating devices with permethrin if the treatment is intended to aid in delaying horn fly resistance to py- rethroids or to control resistant horn flies that are not controlled by pyrethroid ear tags. 0 days. Do not charge self-treating devices with permethrin if the treatment is intended to aid in delaying horn fly resistance to py- rethroids or to control resistant horn flies that are not controlled by pyrethroid ear tags. For self-treating devices to be effective, cattle must use them regularly. Place dust bags in the entryways to water or mineral feeders or in the milking room exit. Keep dust bags dry; service at least once per week. Dust bags will control horn flies and provide some reduction in face fly problems. They will not control stable flies. (NOTE: Insecticide dusts listed below can also be used for direct hand-dusting; follow label directions.) Co-Ral 1% D (coumaphos) Ectiban or Permectrin 0.25% D (permethrin) Rabon 3% D (stirofos) 10 lb/dust bag. 0 days. Do not treat calves less than 3 months old. 10 lb/dust bag. 0 days. Do not charge self-treating devices with permethrin if the treatment is intended to aid in delaying horn fly resistance to py- rethroids or to control resistant horn flies that are not controlled by pyrethroid ear tags. 4-8 lb/dust bag. 0 days. It is important that the following sprays do not contaminate feed, water, milk, or milking equipment. Do not use sprays containing fenvalerate or permethrin to control resistant horn flies that are not controlled by pyrethroid ear tags. Ciovap 12.5% EC (crotoxyphos plus dichlorvos) Ectiban 5.7% EC (permethrin) 1 qt/3 gal water. Mist 1-2 fl oz/ animal/day. 1 qt/25 gal water. Use 1-2 qt/animal. 0 days. 0 days. Retreat as needed, but not more often than every 14 days. (Additional permethrin formulations including emulsifiable concentrates of Insectrin, Permaban, and Permectrin II are registered for pasture fly control on dairy cattle. Check product labels for dilution and application rates.) Ectrin 10% WDL (fenvalerate) 8 oz/2'/2 gal water; mist 2-3 oz/animal every 4-7 days. OR: 8 oz/12 gal water; use 1 qt/animal every 7 days. 0 days. State-labeled use; applicator must have label in possession. Lactating Dairy Cattle, continued Pest Treatment method Insecticide and formulation Dilution and rate Preslaughter interval, restrictions, comments PASTURE FLIES, cont. Spray, cont. Feed additive Vapona 23.4% EC or 1% EC oil base (dichlorvos) pyrethrin (0.1%) plus synergist 1 qt 23.4%/6 gal water; use 1-2 fl oz/animal/ day. OR: 1 % EC (oil base), ready to use; mist 1-2 fl oz/animal/ day. Ready to use. Apply 1-2 fl oz/animal. 0 days. Do not wet skin. 0 days. Repeat as needed. Animals must consume the recommended dosage for the feed additive to be effective. A feed additive reduces fly development only in treated manure; it does not control existing adult flies. Increase control by practicing good sanitation; remove nearby manure, silage, feed, and other fly-breeding materials. Rabon 97.3% or 7.76% Oral Larvicide (stirofos) 70 mg a.i./lOO lb body weight/day. 0 days. Feed in complete feeds, concentrates, or protein and mineral supplements from May to September. Ear tag or Ear tags and tapes impregnated with pyrethroid insecticides such as fenvalerate, flucythrinate, or ear tape permethrin effectively control horn flies (in the absence of resistance) and provide some control of face flies. They do not control stable flies. One tag or tape per cow will effectively control non- resistant horn fly populations for up to 20 weeks. Mid-season control failures indicate horn fly resistance. Using 2 tags per cow and 2 tags per calf will improve face fly control; maximizing tagging rate will not overcome horn fly resistance. Attach tags in late May or early June after fly populations have begun to increase. Remove tags in September or October. Tags containing the organophosphate Rabon (stirofos) provide fly control for approximately 6 weeks after application. Horn fly populations in several locations throughout Illinois have developed resistance to pyrethroids in ear tags. To slow the development of resistance or manage pyrethroid-resistant horn flies: 1. Delay applying pyrethroid tags until early-season horn fly infestations have reached 100-200 flies per animal. 2. Use sprays, dust bags, or oilers containing an organophosphate (crotoxyphos, dichlorvos, cou- maphos, dioxathion, or stirofos) or a chlorinated hydrocarbon (methoxychlor) on a regular basis, even in herds treated with pyrethroid tags. Use these treatments at least once before tragging and again after tags have been removed in September or October. Organophosphate ear tags (Rabon tags) provide another alternative to pyrethroids, but combination tags containing a pyrethroid plus chlorpyrifos (Dursban) have not been shown to delay resistance development or control pyrethroid-resistant horn flies. Do not use pyrethroid tags every year or on every herd; alternate with other treatment methods. 3. Do not use sprays or dusts of pyrethroids to control flies not controlled by pyrethroid tags. 4. Remove tags as soon as possible where resistance is evident (more than 100 horn flies per animal). Continuous exposure to pyrethroid tags prevents a decline in the level of resistance in the horn fly population. fenvalerate 8% ear tag (Ectrin, Insecta-Shield, Ear Tag Plus, Starbar, Vet Shack) flucythrinate 7.5% tag (Guardian) permethrin 10% ear tag (Atroban, Apollo, Insecta-Gard, Gard Star, Fearing, Permectrin, Wellcome Tag) permethrin 0.9 g ear tape (Ectiban) stirofos 13.7% tag (Rabon) 1-2 tags per head. 1-2 tags per head. 1-2 tags per head. 0 days. Apply tags when flies first appear in the spring. Remove in fall or before slaughter. 1 tape per animal. 1-2 tags per head. 0 days. Apply when fly activity begins in spring; remove in fall or before slaughter. 0 days. Apply tags when flies first appear in spring. Remove in fall or before slaughter. 0 days. Apply tape when flies first emerge in spring. Remove in fall or before slaughter. 0 days. Apply when fly activity begins in spring. Remove in fall or before slaughter. 10 Hogs Pest Treatment method Insecticide and formulation Dilution and rate Preslaughter interval, restrictions, comments MANGE MITES (AND LICE) Microscopic mites feed on or within skin and cause mange. Sarcoptic mange usually starts at the head and then spreads back; in- fested skin be- comes dry, scurfy, or leathery. Rub- bing may lead to raw or scabby areas. Demodectic mange, is charac- terized by hard, round swellings on or below the skin surface. Sarcoptic mange can be controlled effectively with the insecticides listed below. Although these insecticides will aid in controlling demodectic mange, there is no satisfactory chemical control for the hog follicle mites that cause demodectic mange. Prevent sarcoptic mange outbreaks by treating pigs as soon as possible after weaning; treat sows 30-45 days before farrowing; treat boars before the breeding season. Follow label precautions against the use of organophosphate sprays, dusts, or pour-ons simultaneously with medications used for internal parasite control. Do not contaminate feed or water. Isolate hogs with demodectic mange. Kill and destroy severely infested animals; market for slaughter the animals that are less severely attacked. Clean and disinfect pens, sheds, etc., before moving in uninfested animals. Spray Ectiban 5.7% EC (permethrin) 1 qt/25 gal water. Spray animals thoroughly. 5 days. Repeat application after 14 days. (Additional permethrin formulations including emulsifiable concentrates of Insectrin, Permaban, and Permectrin II are registered for control of hog lice and mange. Check product labels for dilution and application rates.) Ectrin 10% WDL (fenvalerate) lindane 12.4% EC or 20% EC malathion 57% EC Taktic 12.5% EC (amitraz) 1 qt/50 gal water. Spray each animal thoroughly. 3 pt 12.4% EC or 1 qt 20% EC/ 100 gal water. Spray animals thoroughly. 1 qt/15 gal water. Treat animals, bedding, and walls thoroughly. 1 qt/50 gal water. Spray animals, bedding, and walls thoroughly. 1 day. Repeat application in 14 days if nec- essary. 30 days. Treat twice at a 7-day interval. Do not treat pigs less than 3 months old. Do not treat sows within 2 weeks before farrowing or 3 weeks after farrowing. Restricted-Use. 0 days. Do not treat pigs less than 1 month old. Repeat treatment after 10 days. 1 day. Restricted-use. Apply spray within 6 hours after mixing. Repeat application in 7- 10 days. Dust malathion 4-5% D Thoroughly cover animals over 1 month old. Also treat pens and bedding. Use V*-Vi tbsp/pig for pigs less than 1 month old. 0 days. Repeat as needed. Gives only partial control of mange mites. LICE Up to V6 inch long. Hog lice suck blood and cause ir- ritation and itch- ing of skin. Ani- mals may rub infested areas and cause bleeding. In- fested animals ap- pear generally un- thrifty. Insecticides listed for controlling mange mites on hogs will also control label precautions against the use of organophosphate sprays, dusts, or for internal parasite control. Spray Co-Ral 25% WP (coumaphos) methoxychlor 50% WP 2 lb/ 100 gal water. Spray each animal thoroughly. 8 lb/ 100 gal water. Spray each animal thoroughly. lice. Do not contaminate feed or water. Follow pour-ons simultaneously with medications used 0 days. Do not treat animals less than 90 days old. Apply a second spray 10-14 days after first. 0 days. Make second application 14 days after first if needed. Dust Co-Ral 1% D (coumaphos) Ectiban or Permectrin 0.25% D (permethrin) Rabon 3% D (stirofos) 1 oz/animal. 1 oz/animal. 3-4 oz/animal; 1 lb/ 150 sq ft of bedding for severe infestations. 0 days. Dust especially around shoulders and back. Repeat as needed, but not more than once every 10 days. 5 days. Make second application 14 days after first. 0 days. Do not retreat for 14 days. Pour-on Ectrin 10% WDL (fenvalerate) Tiguvon 3% Pour-On (fenthion) 1 qt/25 gal water. Pour 4 fl oz/animal on head and back midline. 0.5 fl oz/100 lb body weight. 1 day. Add wetting agent according to label directions. Repeat application in 14 days if necessary. 1 4 days. May be used on gestating and lactating sows. Do not retreat within 35 days. 11 Sheep Pest Treatment method Insecticide and formulation Dilution and rate Preslaughter interval, restrictions, comments KEDS, LICE (NHE 53) Sheep keds (also called sheep ticks) are flattened, wingless, reddish brown flies about the size of house flies. Lice reach V\6 to l/s inch in length. Bit- ing lice are flat- tened and yellow- ish to reddish in color. Sucking lice are oval and bluish gray. Spray Dust Pour-on Apply enough spray to thoroughly cover each animal. Do not contaminate feed or water. Ciovap 12.5% EC (crotoxyphos plus dichlorvos) Co-Ral 25% WP (coumaphos) diazinon 50% WP Ectiban 5.7% EC (permethrin) Ectrin 10% WDL (fenvalerate) malathion 57% EC Marlate 50% WP (methoxychlor) 2 gal/ 100 gal water. Use up to 1 gal/animal. Lice: 2 lb/ 100 gal water. Keds: 4 lb/ 100 gal water. 0.5 lb/ 100 gal water. Use 1 gal/animal. 1 qt/25 gal water. Use 1-2 qt/animal. 1 qt/100 gal water. Wet each animal with up to 1 qt of spray. 1 gal/ 100 gal water. 8 lb/ 100 gal water. Spray each animal thoroughly. 0 days. Make second application 10-14 days later. Do not retreat within 7 days. 15 days. Do not treat lambs less than 3 months old. Mix at same rate for dipping-vat appli- cation. 14 days. Use high pressure and volume. Do not treat lambs less than 2 weeks old. 0 days. Repeat application in 14 days. Do not treat more often than every 14 days. 2 days. Repeat application in 30 days if nec- essary. Do not apply more than twice in the spring and twice in the fall. 0 days. Do not treat lambs less than 1 month old. 0 days. Mix at same rate for dipping-vat ap- plication. Co-Ral 0.5% D diazinon 2% D malathion 4-5% D Marlate 50% WP (methoxychlor) Follow label directions. 1/2 oz/animal. 1-2 oz/animal. 1 tbsp/animal. 15 days. Treat once after shearing. Do not treat lambs less than 3 months old. 14 days. Do not treat lambs less than 2 weeks old. 0 days. Repeat application in 2-3 weeks if needed. Do not treat lambs less than 1 month old. 0 days. Treat only once. Ectrin 10% WDL (fenvalerate) 2 qt/25 gal water. Pour 4 fl oz/animal down midline of back. 2 days. Add wetting agent according to label directions. Repeat application in 30 days if necessary. Do not apply more than twice in the spring and twice in the fall. WOOL MAGGOTS Cream-colored maggots are larvae of blow flies. Mag- gots live in wet, matted wool near the rear of the an- imal and in matted wool surrounding wounds. Spray Reduce wool maggot attacks by tagging sheep (shearing under the tail and between the hind legs), docking, and castrating before May. Practice good sanitation. Shear around and direct sprays to the infested areas. Co-Ral 25% WP (coumaphos) diazinon 50% WP 4 lb/ 100 gal water. Use 1 gal/ animal. 0.5 lb/100 gal water. Use 1 gal/ animal. 15 days. Do not treat lambs less than 3 months old. 14 days. Do not treat lambs less than 2 weeks old. SCAB MITES (SCABIES, WET MANGE) Sheep scab is a quarantinable disease. Infested animals shed wool; skin becomes roughened and crusted. Where infestations are suspected, contact the Illinois Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Animal Health, Illinois State Fairgrounds, Springfield, Illinois 62706, 217/782-4944. HORN FLIES (NHE 59) Spray Co-Ral 25% WP (coumaphos) Marlate 50% WP (methoxychlor) 2 lb/ 100 gal water. 2 lb/ 100 gal water. 15 days. Do not treat lambs less than 3 months old. 0 days. Repeat treatment every 3 weeks as needed. FACE FLIES (NHE 106) Spray pyrethrin (0.05- 0.10%) plus synergist (0.5-1.0%) 1-2 fl oz/animal. 0 days. Apply daily to head, neck, and front legs as a fine mist. Do not wet hair or skin. 12 Goats Pest Treatment method Insecticide and formulation Dilution and rate Preslaughter interval, restrictions, comments LICE (NHE 53) Spray Pour-on Ciovap 12.5% EC (crotoxyphos plus dichlorvos) Ectrin 10% WDL (fenvalerate) 2 gal/ 100 gal water. Use 2-4 qt/animal. 1 qt/100 gal water. Wet each animal with up to 1 qt. of spray. 0 days. Make second application 14 days after first. Do not apply more often than every 7 days. Do not contaminate feed, water, milk, or milking equipment. 2 days. Do not apply to lactating goats. Repeat application in 30 days if necessary. Do not apply more than twice in the spring and twice in the fall. Ectrin 10% WDL (fenvalerate) 1 qt/25 gal water. Pour 4 fl oz/animal down midline of back. 2 days. Do not apply to lactating goats. Add wetting agent according to lable directions. Repeat application in 30 days if necessary. Do not apply more than twice in the spring and twice in the fall. FACE FLIES (NHE 106), HORN FLIES (NHE 59), STABLE FLIES (NHE 61) Spray Ciovap 12.5% EC (crotoxyphos plus dichlorvos) 1 qt/3 gal. water. Use 1 pt/animal/ week. 0 days. Do not apply more often than every 7 days. Do not contaminate feed, water, milk, or milking equipment. HORSE FLIES, DEER FLIES (NHE 60) Spray pyrethrin (0.05- o!lO%) plus synergist (0.5-1.0%) 1-2 fl oz/animal. 0 days. Apply to head, neck, and front legs as a fine mist. Do not wet hair or skin. Poultry Pest Treatment method Insecticide and formulation Dilution and rate Preslaughter interval, restrictions, comments LICE, NORTH- ERN FOWL MITES (BIRD TREATMENT) (NHE 54) Chicken lice are flat-bodied, straw- colored, '/i6-inch- long lice with chewing mouth- parts. They feed on feathers and skin flakes, irritat- ing birds. Severe infestations reduce egg production. Northern fowl mites are dark red to black blood feeders that build up in the vent area. Mature mites are roughly %5 inch long. Feathers around the vent appear grayish or black from accu- mulation of mites, mite eggs, and ex- crement. Severe infestations reduce egg production and can cause death. Northern fowl mites are most troublesome in winter. Spray Dust Co-Ral 25% WP (coumaphos) Ectiban 5.7% EC (permethrin) malathion 57% EC Permectrin II 10% EC (permethrin) Rabon 50% WP (stirofos) Ravap 28.7% EC Poultry Spray and Larvicide (stirofos + dichlorvos) Sevin 50% WP or 80% SP (carbaryl) Lice: 6 oz/5 gal. water. Mites: 3 oz/5 gal water. Use 1 gal/ 1 00- 125 birds, or 0.5 fl oz/bird. 1 qt/25 gal water. Use 1 gal/ 100 birds. 1 fl oz/gal water. Use 1 gal/ 1 00- 125 birds. 1 qt/50 gal water. Use 1 gal/ 100 birds. 6.5% oz/5 gal water. Use 1 gal/ 100 birds or 1 fl oz/bird using at least 100-125 psi. 1 pt/6 gal water. Use 1 gal/ 100 birds or 1 fl oz/bird using at least 100-125 psi. 6 oz 50% WP or 4 oz 80% SP/5 gal water. Use 1 gal/ 100 birds. 0 days. Do not treat more than once per week. Do not treat within 10 days of vaccination or stress. 0 days. Treat vent area thoroughly. 0 days. Repeat treatment in 4-8 weeks or when necessary. 0 days. Treat vent area thoroughly. 0 days. Do not treat more than once every 14 days. 0 days. Do not treat more than once every 14 days. 7 days. Repeat treatment in 4 weeks if nec- essary. Ectiban or Permectrin 0.25% D (permethrin) malathion 4-5% D Rabon 3% D (stirofos) Sevin 5% D (carbaryl) Use 1 lb/ 100 birds. Use 1 lb/ 100 birds. Use 1 lb/300 birds. Use 1 lb/ 100 birds. 0 days. Apply with shaker or hand duster. Treat vent area thoroughly. 0 days. Apply with shaker or hand duster. 0 days. Apply with hand or power duster. Do not treat more than once very 14 days. 7 days. Apply with shaker or hand duster. Do not treat more than once every 4 weeks. Strip Permectrin 10% strip (permethrin) 1 or 2 strips per cage of up to 9 hens. 0 days. For northern fowl mite control. 13 Poultry, continued Pest Treatment method Insecticide and formulation Dilution and rate Preslaughter interval, restrictions, comments LICE, CHICKEN Spray MITES, NORTH- ERN FOWL MITES (POUL- TRY HOUSE AND LITTER TREATMENT) (NHE 54) Chicken mites (or roost mites) are bright to dark red and %5 inch long. They hide in cracks and crevices during the day and feed on birds at night. They are most prevalent in spring, summer, and fall, not in winter. Dust Co-Ral 25% WP (coumaphos) malathion 57% EC Rabon 50% WP (stirofos) Ravap 28.7% EC Poultry Spray and Larvicide (stirofos + dichlorvos) Sevin 50% WP or 80% SP (carbaryl) 6 oz/5 gal water. Use 1 gal/ 1,000 sq ft. 2 fl oz/gal water. Use 1 gal/ 1,000 sq ft. 0.5 lb/6 gal water. Use 1-2 gal/1,000 sq ft. 1 pt/6 gal water. Use 1-2 gal/ 1,000 sq ft. 2 lb 50% WP or 1.5 lb 80% SP/5 gal water. Use 1-2 gal/ 1,000 sq ft. 0 days. Apply thoroughly to litter, walls, ceil- ings, floors, roosts, nests, and adjacent areas. Force spray into all cracks and crevices. 0 days. Apply liberally to litter, walls, ceilings, floors, roosts, nests, and adjacent areas. Force spray into cracks and crevices. 0 days. Apply thoroughly to litter, walls, roosts, cracks, crevices, and interiors. 0 days. Apply thoroughly to litter, walls, roosts, cracks, and crevices. 7 days. Apply spray to walls, bedding, litter, and roosts. Force spray into cracks and crev- ices. Repeat as needed. Avoid contamination of nests, eggs, feed, and water. malathion 4-5% Rabon 3% D or 50% WP (stirofos) Sevin 5% D (carbaryl) 1 lb/50-60 sq ft. 1 lb 3% D or 2.5 oz 50% WP/100 sq ft. 1 lb/40 sq ft. 0 days. Apply liberally to litter, walls, ceilings, roosts, nests, and adjacent areas. 0 days. Treat litter evenly and thoroughly. 7 days. Apply to litter, roosts, and adjacent areas. Do not apply to eggs or nests. Do not treat more than once every 4 weeks. DARKLING BEE- TLES (LESSER MEALWORMS) Cream-colored lar- vae infest decaying organic matter or moldy feeds. They are ingested and survive long enough to bite and damage the ali- mentary canal. Spray Dust Rabon 50% WP (stirofos) Sevin 80% SP or 40% or 43.4% suspensions (carbaryl) 2 lb/25 gal water. Use 1-2 gal/ 1,000 sq ft. 62.5 lb 80% SP or 50 qt 40% or 43.4% suspensions/ 100 gal water. Use 2 gal/ 1,000 sq ft. 0 days. Apply evenly and thoroughly to litter, walls, center posts, and foundation walls. 7 days. Apply evenly and thoroughly to litter or floor surface. Do not appy directly to poul- try, nests, or eggs. Repeat as needed. Sevin 5% D (carbaryl) 1 lb/40 sq ft. 7 days. Do not apply to eggs or nest litter. Do not treat more than once every 4 weeks. BED BUGS Spray Flat, reddish brown, blood-suck- ing insects that feed at night. Rarely seen on Dust birds during day- light. Sevin 50% WP, 80% SP, or 40% or 43.4% suspensions (carbaryl) Sevin 5% D (carbaryl) 8 lb 50% WP, 5 lb 80% SP, or 4 qt 40% or 43.4% suspensions/ 100 gal water. Use 1-2 gal/ 1,000 sq ft. 7 days. Apply thoroughly to walls, litter, and roost surfaces. Force spray into cracks and crevices. Do not apply directly to poultry, nests, or eggs. Repeat as needed. 1 lb/40 sq ft. 7 days. Apply even to litter. Do not treat more than once every 4 weeks. Do not apply to eggs or nest. Horses Pest Treatment method Insecticide and formulation Dilution and rate Preslaughter interval, restrictions, comments MANGE MITES Burrowing in skin causes pain and itching. Most prev- alent in winter. Spray Ectiban 5.7% EC 1 qt/25 gal water. 0 days. Repeat application in 14 days. Do not (permethrin) Use 1-2 qt/animal. treat more often than every 14 days. (Additional permethrin formulations including emulsifiable concentrates of Insectrin, Permaban, and Permectrin II are registered for the control of mites on horses. Check product labels for dilution and application rates.) 14 Horses, continued Pest Treatment method Insecticide and formulation Dilution and rate Preslaughter interval, restrictions, comments LICE '/i6 to !/e inch in length. Biting lice are yellow to red. Sucking lice are brownish to blue- gray. Head and neck, withers, and tailhead develop a scurfy appearance. Rubbing may cre- ate raw areas. Spray Co-Ral 25% WP or 11.6% EC (coumaphos) Ectiban 5.7% EC (permethrin) 0.5 lb 25% WP or 1 pt 11.6% EC/25 gal water. Treat animal thoroughly. 1 qt/25 gal water. Use 1-2 qt/animal. 0 days. 0 days. Repeat application in 14 days. Do not treat more often than every 14 days. (Additional permethrin formulations including emulsifiable concentrates of Insectrin, Permaban, and Permectrin II are registered for the control of lice on horses. Check product labels for dilution and application rates.) malathion 57% EC or 25% WP 6.5-10 fl oz 57% EC or 0.75 lb 25% WP/ 5 gal water. Treat animal thoroughly. 0 days. TICKS Seldom a problem unless horses graze in brushy or wooded areas. Spray Co-Ral 25% WP or 11.6% EC (coumaphos) Ectiban 5.7% EC (permethrin) 1 lb 25% WP or 1 qt 11.6% EC/25 gal water. Treat animal thoroughly. 1 qt/25 gal water. Use 1-2 qt/animal. 0 days. Repeat as necessary. 0 days. Do not treat more often than every 14 days. (Additional permethrin formulations including emulsifiable concentrates of Insectrin, Permaban, and Permectrin II are registered for the control of ticks on horses. Check product labels for dilution and application rates.) malathion 57% EC or 25% WP 6.5-10 fl oz 57% EC or 0.75 lb 25% WP/ 5 gal water. Treat animal thoroughly. 0 days. HORSE BOTS Flies are nearly as large as honey bees. They deposit eggs on the fore- legs, throat, or muzzle, area; fly ac- tivity severely an- noys horses. Eggs are ingested; lar- vae (bots) develop within the horse's alimentary canal. Feed additive Anthon 90% Powder (trichlorfon) Horse Wormer (dichlorvos) 5 g/250 lb body weight mixed with feed. Treat from mid-October to mid-December. 19.5 g/300 lb body weight mixed with feed. Give to indi- vidual horse in half its normal grain ration. Nonfood use. Repeat after 3 to 4 months. Withdraw all feed 12-18 hours prior to and 3 hours after treatment. Do not treat colts under 4 months of age, mares in the last month of gestation, or horses to be used for food. Nonfood use. Treat 30 days after killing frost. Withhold water 4-6 hours before and 3 hours after consumption of the medicine. Do not treat sick animals or animals that have received tranquilizing drugs or other worm medicines within 1 week of application. Oral paste Eqvalan 1.87% (ivermectin) Ready to use. Follow directions on prefilled syringe. Nonfood use. Injection Preventive spray Consult with a veterinarian for treatment with carbon disulfide, dichlorvos (Equigard), or piperazine + carbon disulfide (Parvex Plus). malathion 57% EC During fall months, sponge legs, under jaw, and chest of ani- mal with a warm 0.5% malathion solu- tion. 0 days. Eggs will be stimulated to hatch and the larvae will be prevented from borrowing into the animal. Retreat when more eggs ac- cumulate. Do not use bare hands; use specially prepared gloves or rubber gloves. SCREWWORMS, BLOW FLIES Maggots, develop in wounds. Spray Co-Ral 25% WP (coumaphos) Co-Ral 3% Spray Foam (coumaphos) 1.3 oz/gal water. 0 days. Treat wound lightly but thoroughly. Ready to use. 0 days. Spray thoroughly so that foam completely covers wound. Dust Co-Ral 5% D (coumaphos) Ready to use. Treat wound lightly but thoroughly. 0 days. 15 Horses, continued Treatment Insecticide and Dilution Preslaughter interval, Pest method formulation and rate restrictions, comments HORN FLIES, Spray Co-Ral 25% WP 0.5 lb 25% WP 0 days. FACE FLIES, or 11.6% EC or 1 pt 11.6% EC/25 STABLE FLIES, (coumaphos) gal water. Treat HORSE FLIES, DEER FLIES, BLACK FLIES, MOSQUITOES malathion 57% EC or 25% WP animal thoroughly. 6.5-10 fl oz 57% EC or 0.75-1.25 lb 25% WP/5 gal water. Treat animal thoroughly. 0 days. Ectiban 5.7% EC 1 qt/25 gal water. 0 days. Do not treat more often than every (permethrin) Use 1-2 qt/animal. 14 days. Dust Wipe-on (Additional permethrin formulations including emulsifiable concentrates of Insectrin, Permaban, and Permectrin II are registered for the control of biting flies on horses. Check product labels for dilution and application rates.) Ectrin 10% WDL (fenvalerate) pyrethrin plus synergist Rabon 1% Spray-n-Wipe (stirofos) 4 fl oz/3 gal water. Mist 8 fl oz spray per animal. Direct at face, head, shoulders, and legs. Ready to use. Apply 1-2 fl oz to flanks, belly, and back. Do not treat animals intended for slaughter. 0 days. Apply as a mist spray. Do not wet the hide. Repeat as needed. 0 days. Co-Ral 1% D (coumaphos) malathion 4% D 2 oz/animal. 4 tbsp/animal. 0 days. Apply to the head, neck, shoulders, back, and tailhead. Repeat as needed. 0 days. Apply evenly along back line. Repeat at 10-14 day intervals. Rabon 2% Gel Wipe-on (stirofos) 1-2 fl oz/animal. 0 days. Apply as directed every 2-3 days if needed. FLY CONTROL IN LIVESTOCK BUILDINGS AND FEEDLOTS Filth fly species that commonly inhabit livestock dwell- ings, feedlots, and nearby buildings include the house fly, stable fly, little house fly, and several blow fly species. These flies develop in a variety of moist, organic wastes including manure, spilled feed, decaying vegetation, and garbage. Common breeding sites are around feed bunks, at the edges of feeding floors, under fences, along stacks of hay or straw, and in accumulations of manure. Although stable flies are biting flies that take blood meals from cattle, horses, and hogs, most other flies associated with confined livestock are nuisance pests, not blood-feeders. Neither stable flies nor nonbiting nuisance flies spend much time on their animal hosts, so successful fly control around confined livestock does not center on animal treatments. The use of dust bags, oilers, or ear tags provides little or no control of flies in or around buildings. Sprays directed to the legs and belly of cattle, horses, and hogs (apply as recommended in preceding sections for horn fly control on individual livestock species) may provide short-term relief from stable fly attack, but such applications are not likely to significantly reduce the overall fly problem. Thorough sanitation practices are almost always nec- essary for successful fly control. Weekly removal of manure, decaying hay and straw, and spilled feeds dis- rupts fly breeding sites frequently enough to prevent the development of fly larvae. Removing wastes beneath feeders and along fences is especially important. If manure is temporarily piled before spreading, cover it with black plastic to prevent fly development. If manure is not removed weekly, leaving an 8-inch-thick manure residue at each cleanup may help to maintain populations of insect predators and parasites that limit fly popula- tions. Poultry producers who do not remove manure weekly can maintain predator and parasite populations by removing manure from beneath only one row of cages at each cleanup. Insecticide applications may be necessary in addition to good sanitation. Unless otherwise indicated, premise treatments listed below can be used in beef, dairy (other than milking rooms), swine, sheep, goat, poultry, and horse facilities. Separate recommendations for fly con- trol in milking rooms are provided. 16 Pest Treatment method Insecticide and formulation Dilution and rate Preslaughter interval, restrictions, comments HOUSE FLIES, STABLE FLIES, BLOW FLIES, ETC. Space spray from mist blower or fogger Surface residual spray To minimize control failures caused by insecticide resistance, do not apply a single insecticide repeatedly throughout an entire season. Alternate applications of pyrethroids (permethrin products) and organophosphates (naled, dichlorvos). Space sprays (aerosols) provide rapid control of adult flies present at the time of application. Close doors and windows to reduce air movement during treatment. Daily to twice-weekly applications may be necessary where space sprays are the only treatments used. Animals may be present during application, but space sprays should not be applied directly to livestock. Do not apply space sprays in areas where animals have been treated directly with an insecticide during the previous 24 hours. Do not contaminate feed or water or use in milking rooms. Dibrom 36% EC or 1% Ready-to-use Spray (naled) Ectiban 5.7% EC (permethrin) Permectrin II 10% EC (permethrin) pyrethrins plus synergist Vapona 23.4% EC (dichlorvos) Vapona Feedlot 43.2% EC (dichlorvos) 1 qt 36% EC/40 gal water. Apply throughout building. Use 1 fl ozof 1% Ready-to-use Spray/ 3,000 cu ft. Misting: Use 4 fl pz/ 1,000 cu ft. Overhead system: 1 qt/12.5 gal fuel or mineral oil; use 4 fl oz/ 1,000 cu ft. Misting: Use 4 fl oz/ 1,000 sq ft. Overhead system: 1 qt/12.5gal fuel or mineral oil; use 4 fl oz/ 1,000 cu ft. Follow label directions. Misting: 1 pt/6 gal water; use 1 qt/8,000 cu ft. Fogging: 1 pt/3.5 gal diesel oil; use 1 pt/8,000 cu ft. 1 gal/ 100 gal water. Use 5 gal/acre. 0 days. 0 days. 0 days. 0 days. 0 days. 0 days. For cattle feedlots only. To minimize control failures caused by insecticide resistance, do not apply a single insecticide repeatedly throughout an entire season. Alternate applications of pyrethroids (permethrin, fenvalerate) and organophosphates (fenthion, crotoxyphos, dichlorvos, dimethoate, stirofos). Surface sprays applied to walls, ceilings, partitions, posts, etc. kill flies at their resting sites and provide residual activity for 1-7 weeks. Products (or the listed concentrations of these products) recommended for use as residual sprays should not be applied directly to animals. Thoroughly spray surfaces to the point of run-off. Do not contaminate feed or water, and do not use residual sprays in milking rooms. Baytex 45% EC (fenthion) Ciovap 12.5% EC (crotoxyphos plus dichlorvos) Cygon 23.4% EC (dimethoate) 3 qt/25 gal water, use 1 gal/500 sq ft. 2 gal/25 gal water. Use 1 gal/500 sq ft. 1 gal/25 gal water. Use 1-2 gal/ 1,000 sq ft. 6 oz 25% WP/11 gal water or 1 qt 5.7% EC/ 12.5 gal water. Use 1 gal/750 sq ft. 0 days. Residue persists 3-5 weeks. 0 days. Do not use in poultry houses. Residue persists 1 week. 0 days. Remove all animals before spraying. Keep them out for at least 4 hours. Do not use in dairy barns or poultry houses. Residue persists 2-4 weeks. 0 days. Residue persists 3-7 weeks. Ectiban 25% WP or 5.7% EC (permethrin) (Atroban, Insectrin, Overtime, Permaban, and Permectrin II are other permethrin products registered for use as surface residual sprays.) (Pounce is another permethrin product that can be used as a residual spray. It is classified for restricted-use; do not apply Pounce directly to poultry or livestock.) 17 Fly Control, continued Pest Treatment method Insecticide and formulation Dilution and rate Preslaughter interval, restrictions, comments HOUSE FLIES, STABLE FLIES, BLOW FLIES, ETC., cont. Surface residual spray, cont. Bait Resin strip Manure spray Ectrin 10% WDL (fenvalerate) Rabon 50% WP (stirofos) 1 qt/10 gal water. Use 1 gal/750 sq ft. 4-8 lb/25 gal water. Use 1-2 gal/ 1,000 sq ft. 0 days for swine buildings. Use only in swine buildings and in horse barns where horses are not to be slaughtered. Residue persists 3-7 weeks. 0 days. Residue persists 2-4 weeks. Baits may enhance house fly control; they do not attract stable flies. Bait applications of insecticides used in surface residual sprays can be prepared by adding sugar or corn syrup to the spray tank mixture. Follow directions on individual product labels. Dry baits can be sprinkled in areas where flies congregate. Do not place dry baits in areas where birds or animals will contact the bait. Do not contaminate feed or water. Dipterex 1% Dry Bait (trichlorfon) Golden Malrin 1% Dry Bait (methomyl) Vapona 0.5% Dry Bait (dichlorvos) 4 oz/ 1,000 sq ft. 0 days. 4 oz/ 1,000 sq ft. 0 days. 4 oz/ 1,000 sq ft. 0 days. Farm Strip 20% resin strip (dichlorvos) Suspend 1 strip/ 1,000 cu ft. 0 days. Close doors and windows so that vapor concentrations reach recommended levels. Do not hang near light bulbs or within reach of animals. Manure sprays control fly larvae that are developing in treated feces. Migration of adult flies from nearby areas can occur if any breeding sites remain untreated. Manure sprays are recommended only where manure cannot be removed on a weekly basis. Apply sprays at rates that wet the manure surface; soaking is not necessary. Repeat applications as necessary, but not more often than every 7 days. Do not apply where mammals or birds will come in contact with the manure. Do not apply treated manure to crops not listed on the insecticide label. Cygon 23.4% EC (dimethoate) Larvadex 5% SC (cyromazine) Rabon 50% WP or 24% EC (stirofos) Ravap 28.7% EC (stirofos plus dichlorvos) Vapona 23.4% EC (dichlorvos) 0.5 pt/5 qt water. 0 days. Apply as a coarse spray. 1 qt/25 gal water. 0 days. Use 1 gal/ 100 sq ft manure, pit, or lagoon surface 4 lb 50% WP or 1 0 days, gal 24% EC/25 gal water. Use 1 gal/ 100 sq ft manure. 1 gal/25 gal water. 0 days. Use 1 gal/ 100 sq ft manure. 1 gal/25 gal water. 0 days. Use 1-2 qt/100 sq ft manure. Feed additive Feed additives used to prevent the development of fly larvae in feces provide minimal control of flies in livestock buildings. Feed additives do not reach house fly and stable fly larvae that develop in sites other than fresh manure. Good sanitation more effectively prohibits larval development. Animals must consistently consume recommended dosages for feed additives to be effective against fly larvae in manure. Larvadex 0.3% Premix (cyromazine) Moorman's 0.02% IGR (methoprene) Rabon 7.76% or 97.3% Oral Larvacide (stirofos) 1 lb/ton of feed. Mix thoroughly. 0.25-0.5 lb/100 lb body weight/animal/ month. 70 mga.i./lOO lb body weight/day. Poultry only. Feed to laying hens only; not for broilers or poultry producing eggs for hatch- ing purposes. Continuous use of cyromazine has led to fly resistance in research trials. 0 days. Feed mineral mix or block from May through September. Beef cattle and dairy cat- tle only. 0 days. Use from May through September. Mix with complete feeds, concentrates, or protein supplements. For beef cattle, dairy cattle, or hogs only. 18 Fly Control, continued Pest Treatment method Insecticide and formulation Dilution and rate Preslaughter interval, restrictions, comments HOUSE FLIES, STABLE FLIES, BLOW FLIES, ETC., cont. Biological Several companies sell parasitic wasps for use in controlling flies around livestock buildings and agents feedlots. These predaceous wasps attack only flies; they do not sting (or bite) other insects, animals, or humans. Adult wasps (less than 1/10-inch long) deposit eggs on or inside fly larvae or pupae. Developing wasps kill the immature flies. Suppliers usually recommend wasp releases (several thousand wasps per release) before and during the fly season. For biological control programs to effectively manage flies around livestock facilities, frequent and thorough sanitation practices (including manure removal, water management, and weed control) must be practiced. Some suppliers also recommend certain insecticide applications to supplement the control provided by biological agents. In many instances it is difficult to assess the separate impacts of parasitic wasps, sanitation practices, and insecticide applications. Although wasp releases have been shown to be effective for fly control in certain poultry housing, research data do not support other uses of currently available biological controls for flies. If biological control agents are to significantly contribute to fly control programs, integration with sanitation and chemical control practices is essential. CONTROL OF Although effective fly control is essential in dairy barns and milkrooms, small amounts of pesticides can be detected in FLIES IN milk, and their presence is often illegal. To control flies and avoid residue problems, the following steps are recommended: 1 . Use good sanitation and recommended insecticides in dairy barns to reduce the number of flies entering the milkroom. 2. Use sticky fly strips where appropriate. 3. Use tight screens (14-16 mesh) on milkroom doors and windows. Copper, aluminum, bronze, plastic, or rust-resisting screens are best. 4. Dichlorvos resin strips will give excellent control if windows and doors are kept closed when one strip per 1,000 cubic feet of space is used. Replace strips when they become ineffective. 5. Use a mist or aerosol spray of 0.06-0.1% pyrethrin plus piperonyl butoxide oil-based fly sprays in the milkroom when resin strips do not give adequate fly control. To prevent milk contamination, cover all milking utensils, cans, bulk tanks, and containers before spraying. RATTAILED The rattailed maggot is the larval stage of a syrphid fly. The 114-inch long maggot has a cylindrical body about 3/-inch MAGGOTS long and a tail-like breathing tube that extends !/2-inch from the posterior of the body. The adult fly is a bee-like hover fly that is not a pest on or around livestock or humans. Rattailed maggots live in highly polluted water such as that in livestock lagoons and manure pits. When larvae are ready to pupate, they migrate from lagoons and pits to adjacent, drier areas. They become pests when they enter feed, egg cartons, and milking rooms. To limit rattailed maggot development, eliminate floating solids within pits and keep pit sidewalls clean. Agitate the pit contents or pump the pit weekly. Although insecticides are of limited value in managing rattailed maggots, application of Ravap or Larvadex to the pit surface provides some control. Use 1 pint Ravap 28.7% EC per 3'/2 gallons fuel oil and apply 1 gallon of the spray mixture per 100 square feet of pit surface. (Do not agitate the pit contents after application.) Repeat applications as needed, but not more often than every 7 days. Use 1 quart Larvadex 5% SC per 25 gallons water and appy !/2 to 1 gallon of finished spray per 100 square feet of pit surface. Limit rattailed maggot migration by constructing a soil barrier between the pit and the milking room. Migrating larvae will burrow into the loose soil to pupate instead of continuing their migration into milking rooms, etc. 19 Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. WILLIAM R. OSCHWALD, Director, Cooperative Extension Service, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The Illinois Copperative Extension Service provides equal opportunities in programs and employment. 4M — 10-87 — 68298 — ESL : UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA 3 0112 073957463