Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from AT I *vi a University of Illinois Urbaha-Champaign http://www.archive.org/details/insectpestmanage71980univ CIRCULATING COPY AGRICULTURE LIBRARY 1980 Insect Pest Management Guide COMMERCIAL VEGETABLE CROPS And GREENHOUSE VEGETABLES Restricted-use insecticides are identified with an asterisk (*). You must be certified as a pesticide applicator to use restricted-use pesticides. See your county Extension adviser in agriculture for information. Commercial vegetable gardeners find it impossible to produce vegetables profitably unless they control insects at maximum efficiency and minimum cost. The housewife of today will not accept unsightly wormy vegetables; not only are wormy fruits and vegetables unappetizing but the waste from trimming increases food costs. Thus the com- mercial vegetable gardener must produce a quality product that is acceptable and safe to the consumer. Careful use of the right insecticides will enable him to do this. Insect pest-management programs, which include the wise selection of cultural, mechanical, biological, and chemical methods, are suggested for the major insect pests of vegetable crops. Insecticides, though, are still the most efficient means of managing most insects. This suggested insecticide guide has been prepared for use by Illinois commercial vegetable farmers; it is not for home gardeners, who should use only those insecticides that are extremely safe to handle, apply, and store. Fur- thermore, the commercial vegetable gardener must use a wider variety of insecticides than the home gardener in order to obtain maximum insect control at the least cost. In using insecticides, read the label and carefully follow the instructions. Do not exceed maximum rates suggested; observe carefully the interval between application and har- vest, and apply only to crops for which use has been ap- proved. Make a record of the product used, the trade name, the percentage content of the insecticide, the dilution, the rate of application per acre, and the dates of application. Some of the insecticides suggested here can be poison- ous to the applicator. In using them, the commercial grower is expected to use precautions to protect himself, his work- ers, and his family from undue or needless exposure. In using this guide, always refer to the table on the next page, which lists the limitations and restrictions on use. These limitations apply to the vegetables as human food. If you use any portion of a vegetable for livestock food (tops, stalks, etc.), refer to the label for instructions as to the interval required between application and feeding. The chemical names used in these tables may be un- familiar to you. These names are the common coined chemical names and as such are not capitalized. Trade names are capitalized. In the table of limitations the com- mon names are listed first. If the trade name is more com- monly used, it is listed in parentheses following the common name. Throughout the tables of suggestions, how- ever, the common name is used if there is one. In case you have a question, refer to the table of limitations. These suggestions are subject to change without notifi- cation during the growing season. Requested label clearances for a few uses of insecti- cides, carriers, and solvents are uncertain for 1980, since many requests have not been officially cleared. Anticipating needed changes in labeling, we began modifying these sug- gested uses a few years ago. Check with your county Extension adviser if you are in doubt about the insecticide you plan to use. We will make announcements of label changes through newsletters and the news media to keep you up to date. Insecticides are being classified for general use or re- stricted use by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. A person wishing to use an insecticide classified for re- stricted use must be certified as a private or commercial pesticide applicator by the Illinois Department of Agri- culture. Contact your county Extension adviser in agricul- ture for details on this program. A few insecticides have been classified at this time. More will be classified later. Suggestions for the effective use of insecticides from a practical standpoint are based on available data. Soil tex- tures, pH of the soil, rainfall, slope of the field, wind velocity at planting, method and accuracy of application, and other unpredictable factors affect efficiency. This publication was prepared by entomologists of the University of Illinois College of Agriculture and the Illi- nois Natural History Survey. UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE In cooperation with ILLINOIS NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY CIRCULAR 897 (revised annually) November, 1979 LIMITATIONS FOR FIELD VEGETABLES IN DAYS BETWEEN APPLICATION AND HARVEST AND OTHER RESTRICTIONS ON USE OF INSECTICIDES IN ILLINOIS (Blank spaces indicate that the material is not suggested for the specific use in Illinois) Insecticide Broc- Brussels Cab- Cauli- Horse- Rad- Tur- Egg- Pep- Toma- Beans Peas coli sprouts bage flower radish ish nip Onions plant pers toes acephate (Orthene) *azinphosmethyl (Guthion) Bacillus thuringiensis3 carbaryl (Sevin) carbofuran (Furadan) Dasanit *demeton (Systox) diazinon dicofol (Kelthane) dimethoate (Cygon) Dyfonate ethion malathion *methomyl (Lannate) mevinphos (Phosdrin)2 Monitor naled (Dibrom) oxydemetonmethyl (Meta-Systox R) *parathion2 phorate (Thimet)2 rotenone trichlorfon (Dylox) 7E OE 7 C OE ,5A 15 0 3 21 0 3 15 0 3 7 C 3 3 1 21 1 7 3 3 21 1 21 3 C 7 1 1 35 1 10 21 7 C 7 3 3 28 1 21 10 3 3, 14A 15 10 14 3 3 4 10 28E C,D 10 C 3 7F 15 1 0 21B 3 10 0B 15 1 21 10 1 21 Insecticide Pota- toes Col- lards Kale Let- Spin- Swiss Sweet Cucum- tuce ach chard corn bers1 Mel- Pump- Squash1 ons1 kins1 Winter Summer Bacillus thuringiensis* . . carbaryl (Sevin) carbofuran (Furdan) . . diazinon dicofol (Kelthane) dimethoate (Cygon) . . . Dyfonate malathion *methomyl (Lannate) . . . *mevinphos (Phosdrin)2 . Mocap Monitor naled (Dibrom) *parathion* phorate (Thimet)2 rotenone trichlorfon (Dylox) 15 0 0 3 2 2 10 3F 15 * Use restricted to certified applicators only. 1 Apply insecticides late in the day after the blossoms have closed to reduce bee kill. * For use only by professional applicators or commercial gardeners. * The trade names are Bactur, Dipel, and Thuricide. A. If tops or stover are to be used for feed. B. Not more than twice per season. C. Soil applications at planting time only. D. Do not use on green onion crop. E. Do not use tops for feed or food. F. Not more than 3 times per season. G. Not after edible portions or heads begin to form. H. Not more than 8 times per season. Workers must wear protective clothing if they enter treated fields before the time intervals shown at the right. They must also wear protective clothing for all other insecticides applied if the spray has not dried or the dust has not settled. REENTRY INTERVALS FOR WORKER PROTECTION Insecticide Hours azinphosmethyl (Guthion) 24 demeton (Systox) 48 ethion 24 parathion 48 r,o9 • ^ r\^A CABBAGE AND RELATED COLE CROPS Insect Time of attack Insecticide Pounds of active ingredient per acre Placement Timing of application Cabbage maggots1 All season (NHE-44) diazinon Dvfonate Broadcast Disk in just before planting. Use only for cabbage, cauliflower, and broccoli. diazinon granules Furrow At time of planting; on turnips a drench- ing spray of 1 lb. diazinon should be applied 30 days following treatment. *azinphosmethyl diazinon 3oz.W.P.or2oz. E.C. per 50 gal. transplant water 4 oz. per 50 gal. transplant water 6 fluid oz. transplant water per plant. Aphids (NHE-47) All season Thrips (NHE-48) *azinphosmethyl dimethoate malathion *mevinphos *parathion X 0.3 1 X 0.4 Foliage When aphids appear, but before leaves begin to curl. Diamond-back moth larvae; imported cabbage worms; cabbage loopers (NHE-45) All season Bacillus See rates Foliage When small worms first appear, and thuringiensis on label about every 5 to 7 days thereafter. Thor- *methomyl 0.45-0.9 ough spray coverage of foliage is im- Monitor 1 portant. Cutworms At planting trichlorfon 1 Soil At planting, at base of plant or as needed when damage first occurs. Flea beetles and leafhoppers All season carbaryl 1H Foliage As needed. E.C. = emulsion concentrate; W.P. = wettable powder. * Use restricted to certified applicators only. * Maggots are resistant to diazinon in some areas of Illinois. COLLARDS, KALE, LETTUCE, SPINACH, SWISS CHARD Insect Time Pounds of active of attack Insecticide ingredient per acre Placement Timing of application Aphids (NHE-47) All season diazinon H dimethoate 0.3 *mevinphos X naled 1 *parathion 0.4 Foliage As needed. Cutworms On seedling plants trichlorfon Base of plant When first damage appears, and soil Leafhoppers All season carbaryl dimethoate malathion 1H 0.3 1 Foliage When first leafhoppers appear, and as needed. Caterpillars All season Bacillus See rates (NHE-45) thuringiensis on label methomyl1 0.45 naled 1 Foliage When small worms first appear and every 5 to 7 days thereafter. Leaf miners All season diazinon dimethoate *parathion X 0.3 0.4 Foliage When first miners are observed. Flea beetles All season carbaryl rotenone 1 X Foliage As needed. * Use restricted to certified applicators only. a Use limited to lettuce and spinach only. 3 Insect Time of attack Insecticide BEANS Pounds of active ingredient per acre Placement Timing of application Seed maggots (NHE-27) All season diazinon 50% W.P.1 3/5 oz./bu. Seed Lorsban25%W.P.1 2 oz./bu. Seed Treat seed no longer than 3 months before planting. phorate granules \XA Soilband Place on either or both sides of row at planting but not in contact with seed. Bean leaf beetles (NHE-67) Early and late season carbaryl malathion Foliage When feeding first appears and weekly for 2 or 3 applications as needed. Leafhoppers All season carbaryl 1 (NHE-22) and dimethoate 0.3 plant bugs malathion 1 (NHE-68) *methomyl 0.45 Foliage Before plants become yellow and stunted. Repeat applications at weekly intervals as necessary. phorate granules m Soilband As for seed maggot. Mexican bean beetles Midseason and late season carbaryl malathion l Foliage When occasional leaves show lacework feeding. phorate granules m Soilband As for seed maggot. Aphids (NHE-47) All season dimethoate malathion 0.3 1 Foliage Usually applied when a few aphids can be found on each plant, but before leaves begin to curl and deform. phorate granules IH Soilband As for seed maggot. Blister beetles (NHE-72) Midseason and late season carbaryl iy2 Foliage As needed. Corn earworms (NHE-33) Corn borers Late season carbaryl *methomyl *parathion 1H 0.45 y2 Foliage As needed, but usually after August 20. Worms may be present before bloom. Mites Midseason and dicofol 0.4 late season dimethoate 0.3 malathion 1 Foliage As needed, but especially during drouthy periods particularly if carbaryl has been used on crops. phorate granules 1H Soilband As for seed maggot. * Use restricted to certified applicators only. * No restrictions when used as r CUCUMBERS AND OTHER ecommended. VINE CROPS1 Insect Time of attack Insecticide2 Pounds of active ingredient per acre Placement Timing of application1 Striped and spotted cucumber beetles (NHE-46) Seedling to mature plants carbaryl *parathion 1 V2 Foliage When beetles first appear; as often as necessary thereafter. Aphids (NHE-47) All season diazinon dimethoate2 malathion *parathion XA 0.3 1 Foliage When aphids become noticeable. Squash bugs (NHE-51) All season *parathion trichlorfon3 l Foliage Do not apply until first eggs are found hatching (about June 15 to July 15). Leafhoppers July-August malathion dimethoate2 l 0.3 Foliage As needed. Squash vine borers June- September carbaryl 1 Base of stem for 3 ft. Weekly applications when vines begin to run — usually 5 applications. Pickle worms August- September carbaryl 1 Foliage Weekly applications, beginning in late August. Mites July- September dicofol malathion *parathion y% i Foliage As needed. Cutworms (NHE-77) April-June carbaryl 2 Base of plants As needed. * Use restricted to certified applicators only. 1 Spray vine crops with insecticide only late in the day after blossoms have closed to reduce bee kill. ' Do not use dimethoate on cucumbers. 8 Pumpkin is the only vine crop for which trichlorfon can be used for squash bug control. TOMATOES AND EGGPLANT Insect Time of attack Insecticide Pounds of active ingredient per acre Placement Timing of application Cutworms (NHE-77) Early and midseason carbaryl trichlorfon 2 1 Base of plants or foliage As needed. Flea beetles May- June carbaryl rotenone 2 0.2-0.4 Foliage Apply every week as long as needed. Aphids (NHE-47) May-July diazinon X dimethoate1 0.3 malathion 1 *parathion 0.4 Foliage As needed, but before leaves curl. Cabbage loopers July- September Bacillus Ihuringiensis *methomyl See rates on label 0.45-0.9 Foliage When loopers are present. Corn earworms Corn borers July- September; occasionally in June carbaryl *methomyl1 2 Foliage Add to weekly applications of fungicide 0.45-0.9 sprays beginning at first fruit set. If spraying is infrequent, use 6 lb. of toxa- phene. Hornworms July- September carbaryl trichlorfon Foliage When first small worms appear. Mites Fruit flies and picnic beetles July- carbophenothion 1 September dicofol K malathion 1 *parathion 0.4 Foliage As needed. Russet mites July- September *parathion sulfur dust2 sulfur spray1 0.4 10 10 Foliage As needed. Blister beetles (NHE-72) June- September carbaryl *parathion Foliage As needed. August- October diazinon spray diazinon granules H Foliage When flies or beetles first appear. pyrethrin dust2 Foliage Apply to hamper immediately after it is filled. * Use restricted to certified applicators only. * Use cleared only on tomatoes. J No limitations on use. PEPPERS Insect Time of attack Insecticide Pounds of active ingredient per acre Placement Timing of application Aphids (NHE-47) May-July dimethoate demeton *methomyl oxydemetonmethyl acephate 0.3 3/s 0.45 M Foliage Only when aphids are present. Add to borer spray when it is being used. Corn borers Late season carbaryl acephate 2 1 Foliage and fruit When fruit is present on plant. Apply every 5 days when borers are present. carbofuran 2-3 Soilband to transplant Make 2 applications; first, 3 weeks after transplant, second, 5 week* later. * Use restricted to certified applicators only. ASPARAGUS Time Insect of attack Insecticide Pounds of active ingredient per acre Placement Timing of application Asparagus beetles Early and mid- carbaryl1 (NHE-49) season on spears malathion1 and ferns rotenone1 IK 1 0.2-0.4 Spears and ferns Spears As needed, not more often than every 3 days. As needed. 1 One-day restriction between last application and harvest. SWEET CORN Insect Time Pounds of active of attack Insecticide ingredient per acre Placement Timing of application Soil insects April-August diazinon 1 (NHE-26, 27, 43) Dyfonate 1 Mocap 1 phorate 1 Row Apply on soil surface behind planter shoe and ahead of press wheel. Rootworm con- trol may be needed if the corn was not sprayed the previous year. Cutworms (NHE-38) April-June carbaryl1 carbaryl bait 2-3 1 Base of plants When first damage appears. Flea beetles (NHE-36) April-July carbaryl1 1H Foliage As necessary. Japanese beetles (NHE-32) Jury- September carbaryl1 l Ear zone As necessary. First-generation corn borers June carbaryl1 2 Foliage Make first application when tassel ratio is 30 to 40. Repeat in 4 to 5 days. Second-generation June- corn borers and September carbaryl1 *methomyl 2 0.45 corn earworms2 (NHE-33) Ear zone Fresh market corn: At first silk and every 2 to 3 days for 5 to 8 applications. Can- ning corn: Observe light traps for earworm and borer adults, or keep a record of the heat units. When 1,500 or more heat units have accumulated, begin a spray pro- gram. As an alternative, begin at 30 to 50% silk and every 3 days thereafter until the corn is within 8 to 12 days of harvest. Sap beetles July- carbaryl1 2 (NHE-10) September diazinon 1 Picnic beetles malathion 1 *parathion V2 Foliage When adults first appear in field; usually between pollen-shedding and silk-drying. Corn leaf aphids (NHE-29) July- September malathion *parathion 1 V2 Foliage As needed to produce attractive ears for fresh market. Fall armyworms July- September *methomyl *parathion 0.45 Foliage Apply to ear zone when whorl feeding is H evident. * Use restricted to certified applicators only. 1 During pollen shed, apply carbaryl as late in the day as possible (preferably after 4 p.m.) to reduce bee kill. 2 Adding 0.5 to 0.75 pound of parathion or 0.25 to 0.45 pound of methomyl to carbaryl improves earworm control. ONIONS Insect Time of attack Insecticide Pounds of active ingredient per acre Placement Timing of application Onion maggots (NHE-50) All season diazinon W.P. ethion W.P. Y2-\ for 40-50 lb. of seed 1 for 40-50 lb. of seed Seed Seed treatment for set onions only. Use lighter dosage of diazinon on sandy, highly mineral soils. Dasanit granules 1 diazinon granules xA-\ Dyfonate 1 ethion granules xA-2 Use 1 lb. active ingredient per acre for Furrow rows 12" apart; % lb. for rows 18" apart; H lb. for rows 24" apart. Up to twice these amounts are needed for ethion on muck soils. Do not use Dasanit or Dyfon- ate on green onions. diazinon Broadcast Preplanting; disk into upper 1 to 2 inches of soil. Supplement with foliage spray below. diazinon malathion V3 1 Foliage Supplemental to soil treatment. Make first application when first adult flies are seen; make another 1 week later. From then on only as necessary. Foliage When injury first appears and every 10 davs as necessarv. Thrips (NHE-48) Midseason and late season diazinon malathion *azinphosmethyl (Guthion) 1 V2 days as necessary * Use restricted to certified applicators only. POTATOES Time Pound; j of active Insect of attack Insecticide ingredient per acre Placement Timing of application Flea beetles May-July carbaryl 1 Foliage When damage first appears on the leaves. Repeat as needed. carbofuran granules 3 In furrow Planting time. carbofuran spray 1 Foliage Planting time. *methomyl 0.45 Foliage Planting time. Monitor 1 Foliage Planting time. Colorado potato May- July carbaryl 1 Foliage As needed. beetles carbofuran granules 3 In furrow Planting time. carbofuran spray 1 Foliage Planting time. Monitor 1 Foliage Planting time. Potato leafhoppers May-July carbaryl 1 Foliage Weekly applications when the leafhoppers (NHE-22) first appear. carbofuran granules 3 In furrow Planting time. carbofuran spray 1 Foliage Planting time. dimethoate 0.3 *methomyl 0.45 Monitor 1 Foliage Planting time. phorate granules 2-3 Soilband Place on either or both sides of row at planting, but not in contact with seed. Use the lower rate on sandy soils, the heavier rate on heavy soils. Do not use on muck soils. Aphids (NHE-47) All season dimethoate 0.3 Monitor 1 *methomyl 0.45 *parathion V4 Foliage As needed. phorate granules 2-3 Soilband Same as for leafhoppers. Cutworms May-July carbaryl 2 Foliage As needed. Blister beetles All season (NHE-72) carbaryl IH Foliage As needed. Wireworms (NHE-43) All season White grubs (NHE-23) phorate granules 2-3 Soil Preplanting, disk in; or use as soilband at planting. Grasshoppers July- (NHE-74) September carbaryl dimethoate 0.3 Foliage As needed, control in fence rows, road- sides, ditch banks, etc., before migration. * Use restricted to certified applicators only. PEAS Insect Time of attack Insecticide Pounds of active ingredient per acre Placement Timing of application Caterpillars, including loopers June *methomyl H-l Foliage Before harvest if worms are present. Aphids May-June dimethoate X Foliage As needed. * Use restricted to certified applicators only. Limitations for Greenhouse Tomatoes Insecticide Tomatoes endosulfan (Thiodan) 15 hours malathion 15 hours metaldehyde As bait applied only to soil naled (Dibrom) 1 day *parathionl 10 days * Use restricted to certified applicators only. * Do not use aerosols that contain parathion or the propellant methyl chloride in greenhouses connected to living quarters. GREENHOUSE TOMATOES Insect Insecticide1 Dosage and formulation Application Aphids malathion aerosol 1 lb. 10% aerosol per 50,000 cu. ft. In a closed greenhouse above plants. Whiteflies naled vapor 5 oz. of 4% E.C. per 50,000 cu. ft. Apply on steampipes. *parathion aerosol 1 lb. 10% aerosol per 50,000 cu. ft. In a closed greenhouse above plants. Mealybugs Spider mites Russet mites Thrips Use malathion or parathion aerosol as suggested for aphid and whitefly. Armyworms malathion aerosol 1 lb. 10% aerosol per 50,000 cu. ft. In a closed greenhouse above plants. Cabbage loopers Cutworms Tomato fruitworms *parathion aerosol 1 lb. 10% aerosol per 50,000 cu. ft. In a closed greenhouse above plants. Slugs metaldehyde Commercially prepared bait or spray To mulch on soil surface. Do not con- taminate edible parts. * Use restricted to certified applicators only. 1 See page 7 for limitations between application and harvest. FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Obtain the following circulars on insect control from the Office of Agricultural Publications, 123 Mumford Hall, Urbana, Illinois 61801. Circular 899, 1980 Insect Pest Management Guide — Field and Forage Crops Circular 900, 1980 Insect Pest Management Guide — Home, Yard, and Garden Circular 1076, Turfgrass Pest Control Leaflets describing the life history, biology, and habits of some of the insects mentioned can be obtained from the offices of county Extension advisers or by writing to Ento- mology Extension, 172 Natural Resources Building, Ur- bana, Illinois 61801. These are indicated by an NHE number in the tables. FOR YOUR Always handle insecticides with respect. The persons most likely to suffer ill effects from insecticides are the applicator and his family. Accidents and careless, needless overexposure can be avoided. Here are a few easy rules that if followed will prevent most insecticide accidents: 1. Wear rubber gloves when handling insecticide con- centrates. 2. Do not smoke while handling or using insecticides. 3. Keep your face turned to one side when opening in- secticide containers. 4. Leave unused insecticides in their original containers with the labels on them. 5. Store insecticides out of reach of children, irrespon- sible persons, or animals; store preferably in a locked cabinet. 6. Triple-rinse and bury or burn all empty insecticide containers or take to an approved sanitary landfill. 7. Do not put the water-supply hose directly into the spray tank. PROTECTION 8. Do not blow out clogged nozzles or spray lines with your mouth. 9. Wash with soap and water exposed parts of body and clothes contaminated with insecticide. 10. Do not leave puddles of spray on impervious surfaces. 11. Do not apply to fish-bearing or other water supplies. 12. Do not apply insecticides, except in an emergency, to areas with abundant wildlife or to blossoming crops visited by bees. Avoid drift onto blossoming crops or onto bee hives. 13. Do not apply insecticides near dug wells or cisterns. 14. Do not spray when weather conditions favor drift. 15. Observe all precautions listed on the label. 16. To avoid bee kill, apply insecticides after bee activ- ity has been completed for the day; use the least toxic materials. Warn beekeepers that you are applying in- secticides. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension Work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. JOHN B. CLAAR, Director, Cooperative Extension Service, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The Illinois Cooperative Extension Service provides equal op- portunities in programs and employment. 6M — 11-79—45723 — RES UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA Q630.7IL6C ,, C005 CIRCULAR URBANA, ILL. 897 REV. 1980 3 0112 019540902