st Z 2 x Nheepys's Uondd ccd 2. i, 1988] BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) INSECTS OF SAMOA AND OTHER SAMOAN TERRESTRIAL - ARTHROPODA PART IV. COLEOPTERA BASE) 1. Po 1-60." CARABIDAE. By H. E. ANDREWEs DYTISCIDAE. By A. Zimmermann _ STAPHYLINIDAE. By M. Cameron HYDROPHILIDAE. By A. d’OrcHYMoNT CLAVICORNIA anp LAMELLICORNIA. By G. J. Arrow _ WITH TWENTY-SEVEN TEXT-FIGURES LONDON : PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM Sor : SOLD AT | {un Barris Mussum (Naturan Hisrory), Cromwmnn Roap, S.W.7 AND BY B. Quarircu, Lrp.; Doxau & Co., Lrp.; Tam Oxrorp University Press; anp WHEDON & Wusuny, Lrp., Lonpon; anso By Oxiver & Boyrp, EpinsuRGH 1927 Issued 19th December, 1927.] ub wee price Three Shillings. = INSECTS OF SAMOA AND OTHER SAMOAN TERRESTRIAL ARTHROPODA Although a monograph, or series of papers, dealing comprehensively with the land arthropod fauna of any group of islands in the South Pacific may be expected to yield valuable results, in connection with distribution, modification due to isolation, and other problems, no such work is at present in existence. In order in some measure to remedy this deficiency, and in view of benefits directly accruing to the National Collections, the Trustees of the British Museum have undertaken the publication of an account of the Insects and other Terrestrial Arthropoda collected in the Samoan Islands, in 1924-1925, by Messrs. P. A. Buxton and G. H. E. Hopkins, during the Expedition of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine to the South Pacific. Advantage has been taken of the opportunity thus afforded, to make the studies as complete as possible by including in them all Samoan material of the groups _ concerned in both the British Museum (Natural History) and (by courtesy of the authorities of that institution) the Bishop Museum, Honolulu. It is not intended that contributors to the text shall be confined to the Museum Staff or to any one nation, but, so far as possible, the assistance of the _ leading authorities on all groups to be dealt with has been obtained. The work will be divided into eight ‘Parts ’’ (see p. 3 of wrapper), which will be subdivided into “ Fascicles.”” Each of the latter, which will appear as ready mm any order, will consist of one or more contributions. On the completion of the work it is intended to issue a general survey, summarising the whole and drawing-from it such conclusions as may be warranted. _ E. E. AUSTEN, Keeper of Entomology. British Museum (Naturat History), CromweE_t Roan, S.W.7. A \ & SS c | m | > A © Ve = iE ORY, \ CS SO O/ O é .) we s OY 4G y ak E N <4 >A £9 UG be INSECTS OF SAMOA Part [V. Fasc. 1 COLEOPTERA CARABIDAE By H. E. ANDREWES (With 9 Text-figures.) Ir is only during quite recent years that any Carabidae have been collected in the Samoan Islands. The earliest expedition seems to have been that of Dr. K. Rechinger, in 1905, an account of which appeared in Denkschr. K. Akad. Wiss. Wren, Math.-Naturw. Kl., Bd. xci, 1915, a short paper on the Carabidae being contributed by Mr. E. Csiki; Rechinger’s collection is now in the Vienna Museum, and Dr. K. Holdhaus has kindly sent it to me for examination. In 1912-13 collections were made by Dr. K. Friedrichs, and the results of his expedition are discussed in Archiv. fur Naturgeschichte, Berlin, Bd. 88, A. 10, 1922. The Carabidae, however, were not dealt with at the time, and I am indebted to Dr. W. Horn for sending me this collection from the Deutsches Entomologisches Museum in Berlin. My friend Dr. Harold Swale spent some time in Samoa during the war, and, of the few examples taken by him, some are in the British Museum and some in my own collection. Of two specimens captured by Dr. F. W. O’Connor in 1921, one proves to belong to a new species ; these specimens are in the British Museum, as is a solitary example taken in 1923 by Dr. J. S. Armstrong. I have also seen three specimens sent by the Bishop Museum in Honolulu. The collections formed in 1924-5 by Messrs. Buxton and Hopkins have added considerably to our knowledge, and of the five new species described below, of which all the types are in the British Museum, four were taken by them. It will be understood that where, in the following Iv. 1 1 2 . INSECTS OF SAMOA, pages, no names are given, the insects in question were collected by them. The figures in the text were drawn by Mr. D. EK. Kimmins. So far as our present knowledge extends, the Carabidae found in the Samoan Islands are few in species and, apparently, also in individuals. The species enumerated below total only fifteen, or, with the two undescribed ones referred to in a note at the end, seventeen. Of these fifteen only six, including the five new ones here described, are endemic in Samoa; a further four are spread widely over South-East Asia, three extend to the Malay region or at least to New Guinea, one occurs also in Queensland only, and one in New Cale- donia only. Four of the species occur in Australia, and four (but not all the same four) in New Caledonia. Only one species is at all widely spread in Polynesia, and that—the only species common to Samoa and the Hawaiian Islands—has been recorded from Honolulu. One species is known from Christmas Island (Malay region). A few Carabidae have been described from material from the Fiji Islands, and one or two from specimens from Tahiti; unfortunately I have not been able to see the types of the latter, but, judging from the descriptions, I do not think any of them have been met with as yet in Samoa. One Australian species is, however, found both in Samoa and Tahiti. Of the species described from Fijian examples, Dr. H. Gebien, of the Hamburg Museum, has been good enough to send me all the types (with one exception) for examination ; all the species, apart from the Hndynomena, prove to be different from those found in Samoa. It may be mentioned here that the genus Colpodes, to which all the five new species belong, contains an enormous number of species, and is represented in all the warmer regions of the globe. Generally speaking, the fauna of Samoa, so far as the Carabidae are con- cerned, is widely different from that of the Hawaian Islands, and appears also to have nothing in common with Fiji; this latter feature, however, may be due to the slight amount of collecting that has hitherto been done in that part of the world. On the other hand, there is an evident connection with Australia and New Caledonia, while several of the wide-ranging species of the Oriental region extend their habitat as far as Samoa. The fifteen species of which I have examined specimens are as under : CARABIDAE. 3 BEMBIDIINI. 1. Tachys quadrillum Schaum. Tachys quadrillum Schaum, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., Vol. iv, p. 201, 1860; Andrewes, Rev. Or. Spec. Gen. Tachys, Ann. Mus. Cw. Gen., Vol. li, p. 872, 1925. pictipenmis Putzeys, Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen., Vol. vii, p. 745, 1875; Bates, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (6), Vol. ix, p. 274, 1889 ; Andrewes, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1921, p. 178, 1921. spilotus Bates, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), Vol. xvii, p. 152, 1886. 29 Savaii: Fagamalo, x1.1925, 1 example. Common throughout South-East Asia, including the Malay Archipelago as far as New Guinea. I have seen no examples from Australia, New Caledonia, or any other locality in Polynesia. CHLAENIINI. 2. Chlaenius flaviguttatus Macleay var. guttatus Eschscholtz. Chlaenius guttatus Eschscholtz, Zool. Atl., Heft 5, p. 26, Tab. xxv, fig. 8, 1833 ; Chaudoir, Won. des Chléniens, Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen., Vol. viii, p. 49, 1876. », bimotatus var. guttatus Heller, Deutsch. Ent. Zeitschr., 1916, p. 276, 1916. Lissauchenius biguttatus Montrouzier, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (3), Vol. vii, p. 237, 1860. Upolu (Rechinger), Mulifanua (Swale), 2.v.1917. Philippine Is., New Guinea, New Caledonia. The type form is found in Australia, but the variety does not seem to occur there. 3. Chlaenius samoensis Csiki. Chlaenius samoensis Csiki, Denkschr. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturw. K1., Vol. xci, p. 163, 1915. Upolu (Rechinger) : Apia, 5.11.-27.vil.—xu1.1924. Known only at present from the island of Upolu. (Text-fig. 1.) HARPALINI. 4. Gnathaphanus impressipennis Cast. Harpalus impressipennis Castelnau, Trans. Roy. Soc. Vict., Vol. vil, p. 136, 1868. Gnathaphanus impressipennis Chaud., Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen., Vol. xii, p. 510, 1878 ; Sloane, Deutsch. Ent. Zeitschr., 1907, p. 468, 1907 ; id. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. xlv, p 320, 1920 ; Andrewes, Ann Soc. Ent. Belg., Vol. lx, p. 107, 1920. Dioryche upolensis Csiki, Denkschr. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturw. K1., Vol. xci, p. 163, 1915. [New syn. ] 4 INSECTS OF SAMOA. Upolu (Rechinger). “Samoa” (Swale), several examples, one of which flew to light in the evening. (Text-fig. 2.) Trxt-FIG. 1.—Chlaenius samoensis Csiki. TEXtT-FIG. 2.—Gnathaphanus impressipennis Cast. My records include the following localities: Kuala Lumpur in the Malay States, Singapore, Java, Sumatra, Sumbawa, New Guinea, Australia and New Caledonia. 5. Stenolophus dingo Cast. Harpalus dingo Castelnau, Trans. Roy. Soc. Vict., Vol. viii, p. 197, 1868. Stenolophus dingo Sloane, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. xlv, p. 321, 1920. 5 robustus Sloane, Deutsch. Ent. Zettschr., 1907, p. 469, 1907. 5 quinquepustulatus Csiki (nec Wied.), Denkschr. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturw. Kt, Vol. xci, p: 164, 1915. Savai: Fagamalo, xi.1925 ; Salelologa (Friedrichs), 11.1913. Upolu (Rechinger) ; Apia (Friedrichs), 1.1913, 1 example at light. Java, Mentawei Is., New Guinea, Australia, Tahiti (Miss L. E. Cheesman). S. smaragdulus Fabricius and its variety S. 5-pustulatus Wiedemann, both so common throughout South-Hast Asia, are normally spotted, but, like other species with a wide range, vary greatly in size, coloration, and even in some minor structural characters. I have in my collection an example of S. dingo Castelnau, determined by Mr. Sloane, as also an example of S. robustus Sloane, determined by the author, subsequently identified by him with Castelnau’s species. The former example agrees very well, the latter less satisfactorily, with the specimens from Samoa CARABIDAE. 5 and Tahiti. S. dingo differs from S. smaragdulus in bemg unspotted, only the suture showing some red colour near the apex, and in having the elytral striae very finely and cleanly excised. The genus stands much in need of revision. ANCHOMENINI. 6. Anchomenus cooki Sloane. Platynus cooki Sloane, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales (2), Vol. ix, p. 450, 1894; id., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. xxvii, p. 632, 1903. “Samoa ” (Friedrichs). Hitherto only known as occurring 1n Queensland. 7. Colpodes buxtoni, sp. n. Length: 17-0 mm. Width: 6-0 mm. Piceous : elytra dark green, palpi, antennae, and femora more or less brown. (Text-fig. 3.) Head moderately convex, slightly constricted behind, smooth, front uneven, the foveae very shallow and incouspicuous, eyes very large and projecting, antennae thick, extending a little beyond base of pro- thorax, joint 3 distinctly longer than 4. Prothorax convex, a little wider than head and also a little wider than long, base bordered, truncate and very oblique at sides, apex bordered and slightly emarginate, front angles much rounded, sides explanate and reflexed, but not bordered, gently rounded and widest a little before middle, not sinuate behind, front lateral pore within marginal channel at widest point, hind one forming a distinct break in the outline just before the rounded hind angles; median line rather fine, : both transverse impressions fairly deep, as are the cy large rounded basal foveae adjoining hind angles, a pos 3 Usinatas * bus! sheht impressed line on each side of disk, parallel toni, sp. B. with side margins ; surface nearly smooth, disk with a few fine transverse striae, side margins uneven. Hlytra moderately convex, nearly twice as wide as prothorax and also nearly twice as long as wide, 6 INSECTS OF SAMOA. shoulders square, sides very nearly parallel, though widest at apical third, shghtly sinuate behind, truncate at apex, the truncature a little emarginate, the sutural angle with a small mucro; striae fairly deep, deeper and rather irregular close to apex, finely and closely punctate, a moderately long scutellary striole, 5 deeper than the others near base; intervals rather flat, 7 and 8 very narrow and carinate near apex, curving round behind the others to apex, mar- ginal channel containing two fine raised parallel lines, the inner one inter- rupted by the series of umbilicate pores, interval 3 tripunctate, first pore at a fourth, adjoining stria 3, second and third at three-fifths and near apex respec- tively, adjoining stria 2, surface smooth, with two slight depressions on disk on each side, one at about middle, the other before apex. The microsculpture consists In extremely fine transverse lines, which form a reticulation of strongly transverse meshes, clearly visible on elytra, faint on head and_ prothorax. Sterna and middle of venter practically smooth, sides of venter very finely rugose, metepisterna elongate. All tibiae and tarsi bisulcate, but protarsi much less evidently so, the metatarsi with a carina between the sulci; joint 4 of tarsi moderately bilobed, in metatarsi the outer a little longer than the inner lobe, 5 not ciliate beneath. The species should be placed quite at the end of Chaudoir’s table. It is very closely allied to C. bennigsenc Sloane, of New Guinea, of which Dr. Horn has kindly sent me the type for comparison, and agrees entirely in the combina- tion of unusual characters mentioned by the author of that species at the end of his description, viz. “ wide bisulcate tarsi, the 8th interstice narrowly carmate on the apical curve, and the 9th interstice narrow and interrupted by its seriate punctures.” It differs in its smaller size, lighter legs and antennae, and green instead of greenish-blue elytra; prothorax with wider marginal channel ; elytra with the striae deeper and more evidently punctate, the apex with a very small instead of a stout mucro. Upolu: Malololelei, 2000 ft., 25.11.1924, 1 example 4; a second example, also J, from the same locality, vi.1925 (Wilder, Bishop Museum). 8. Colpodes pacificus, sp. n. Length: 120mm. Width: 4-1 mm. Piceous: elytra dark green, side margins of prothorax, apical border of elytra, tibiae, and tarsi brown (Text-fig. 4). Head moderately convex, neck slightly constricted, surface smooth, frontal CARABIDAE. if foveae short but clearly impressed, eyes large and prominent, antennae rather slender, joint 3 just longer than 4. Prothorax convex, cordate, a third wider than head and as much wider than long, base with its sides oblique, apex moderately emarginate, front angles rounded, sides narrowly bordered, slightly ex- planate and reflexed, bisetose, rounded in front and faintly simuate before base, hind angles reflexed, sharp though a little obtuse; front transverse impression fairly deep at middle, the other impressions faint, but the basal foveae deep and produced in front as an impressed line, running parallel with sides, surface smooth. Hlytra moderately convex, two-thirds wider than prothorax and not quite twice as long as wide, shoulders cut away somewhat obliquely, not dilated ‘ behind, sides nearly parallel, rather strongly sinuate ft : just before and narrowly truncate at apex, without mucro ; striae clean-cut, but shallow, with only traces of minute crenulation, scutellary striole and 5 close to base a little deeper, 7-8 practically joing 1-2 at apex; intervals flat, 2 a little wider, 1 and 7 close to base a little narrower than the others, 3 with three pores, first at a fifth, adjoming stria 3 (right elytron with an accessory pore between this and base), second and third at about two-fifths and four- fifths, adjoining stria 2, another pore opposite the end of 3 quite close to apex, surface smooth, with a slight depression on each side in front round stria 5, and another just before middle. Microsculpture of elytra very fine, formed by a reticulation of strongly transverse meshes, which are hardly visible on head and prothorax. Underside smooth, metepisterna elongate. Tibiae and tarsi to some extent bisulcate, protarsi very feebly and on basal joints only, meso- tibiae strongly and with a carina between the sulci; joint 4 of tarsi moderately bilobed, in metatarsi the outer a little longer than the inner lobe, 5 not ciliate beneath. About the same size as the common Hastern C. buchanan Hope, but darker throughout, the elytra especially being of a much darker green. Head nearly similar, prothorax a little wider, elytra distinctly wider and with the shoulders more cut away, depressions on surface less evident, no mucro at apex. There is also a marked resemblance to the Fijian C. truncatellus Fairmaire, TExt-Fia. 4.—Colpodes pact ficus, sp. n. 8 INSECTS OF SAMOA. but that species is larger, with the elytra more finely striate, and the sutural interval is provided with a short but distinct mucro. ‘Samoa ” (O’Connor), iii.—viii.1921, 1 example 9. 9. Colpodes hopkinsi, sp. n. Length: 11:0 mm. Width: 4:3 mm. Brown: head, disk of prothorax, and side margins of elytra a little darker, elytra with faint bluish-green reflection. (‘Text-fig. 5.) Head slightly convex, neck a little constricted, surface smooth, uneven in front, the foveae short and rather shallow, eyes large and moderately prominent, antennae short and slender, joint 3 a little longer than 4. Prothorax convex, cordate, a fourth wider than head and as much wider than long, extremities finely bordered, base a little wider than apex, its sides somewhat oblique, apex shehtly emarginate, front angles only a little rounded, sides finely bordered and_ reflexed, almost forming an obtuse angle just before middle, gently sinuate just before base, hind angles a little obtuse, reflexed, but not rounded ; median line and transverse impressions distinct, ee Rote Te. though not deep, basal foveae deep and rounded, sp. n. surface uneven along margins, some faint trans- verse striation on disk. lytra moderately convex, two-thirds wider than prothorax, and three-fourths longer than wide, shoulders oblique, the sides slightly emarginate at middle and again behind, apex narrowly truncate, the sutural angle with a short and not very sharp mucro; striae fine, cleanly cut, impunctate, scutellary striole deeper, 6 depressed for a short distance a little behind shoulder, 5 much deeper at base; intervals nearly flat, 7 narrowing close to base, 3 with three pores, first at a fifth, adjoining stria 3, second and third at a half and four-fifths, adjoining stria 2, surface smooth, with two slight depressions on each side, one just before middle, the other at apical third. Microsculpture of elytra fine, formed by a reticulation of slightly transverse meshes, hardly visible on head and prothorax. Under side smooth, metepisterna elongate. Tibiae bisulcate, mesotibiae outwardly carinate towards apex; meso- and metatarsi feebly ft CARABIDAE. 9 bisuleate ; joint 4 of tarsi moderately bilobed, the outer lobe in metatarsi a little longer than the inner one, 5 not ciliate beneath. The present species does not seem nearly related to any other ; it will come near the end of Chaudoir’s table and be readily distinguished from the other Samoan species by its brown colour, which is unusual in the genus. “Samoan Is.,” 1 example 9. 10. Colpodes piceus, sp. 0. Length: 85 mm. Width: 3-3 mm. Piceous, very shiny: palpi, antennae, and legs more or less ferruginous. (Text-fig. 6.) Head moderately convex, no neck constriction, smooth, frontal foveae small and inconspicuous, clypeal suture very faint, but ending on each side in a minute rounded pore, antennae of medium length, joint 3=4. Prothorax convex, a third wider than head, nearly twice as wide as long, extremities finely bordered, base truncate, with its sides slightly oblique, much wider than apex, front angles strongly rounded, sides finely bordered, explanate, rounded but not reflexed in front, practically straight behind, bisetose, the hind angles obtuse, reflexed, and not much rounded; median line and transverse impressions distinct but shallow, basal foveae small, rounded, and fairly deep, surface practically smooth. EHlytra fairly convex, oval, two- Teaesnee ee iacdes thirds wider than prothorax, and three-quarters longer pieeus, sp. n. than wide, widest at middle, sides evenly rounded, strongly sinuate behind, narrowly truncate at apex, with a sharp mucro at each sutural angle; striae fine and minutely punctate, very faintly im- pressed, more deeply—especially 7—close to apex, 8 fairly deep throughout ; intervals flat, 8 very narrow and carinate behind, curving round behind the other intervals to near apex, 3 with three rather small pores, first at a fourth adjoining stria 3, second and third at a half and three-fourths, adjoining stria 2, surface smooth and without depressions. Microsculpture of elytra consisting of very fine, closely placed, transverse lines, which form irregular, very wide meshes, just visible on the prothorax, but hardly so on the head. Under side 10 INSECTS OF SAMOA. smooth, metepisterna elongate. Tibiae bisulcate, but not carinate ; meso- and metatarsi feebly bisulcate ; joint 4 of all tarsi strongly bilobed, outer lobe much longer than inner one in two hind pairs of legs, 5 not ciliate beneath. Similar in size and colour to C. lafertei Montrouzier, but with a wider and smoother prothorax, the elytra much more finely striate and strongly mucronate. Upolu: Apia, xi1.1924, and 1.1925, 2 examples $9. 11. Colpodes anomalus, sp. n. Leneth: 8:5 mm. Width: 2:75 mm. Black, shiny: palpi, joints 1 and 2 of antennae (rest brown), and legs ferruginous. (Text-fig. 7.) Head convex, with a moderate neck constriction, smooth, frontal foveae short, fairly deep, and a little uneven, eyes rather small and flat, somewhat enclosed behind by the genae, antennae long and slender, joint 4 slightly longer than 3. Prothorax moderately con- vex, quadrate, slightly wider than head and also slightly wider than long, base truncate, its sides slightly oblique, a little wider than apex, which is faintly emarginate, sides narrowly bordered and reflexed, bisetose, gently rounded and barely sinuate before base, the hind angles slightly obtuse, reflexed, but not rounded ; median line and front transverse impression both clearly marked, basal foveae fairly deep, diverging in front and continued forward on each side as a shallow linear impression, parallel with TExt-FIG. 7.—\Colpodes . : anomalus, sp. n. margin, surface smooth, the basal area a little uneven. Elytra flat, over two-thirds wider than prothorax, barely as much longer than wide, sides strongly rounded, faintly sinuate behind, narrowly truncate at apex, the truncature emarginate on each side, outer tooth blunt, a little longer than inner one, which forms a small mucro ; striae fine and very clearly excised, impunctate, outer shallower than inner ones, all a little deeper close to apex; intervals flat, 3 tripunctate, first pore at a fifth, adjoming stria 3, second and third at a half and four-fifths, adjoining stria 2, surface smooth, with a slight depression at each side on basal half. Microsculpture of the elytra consisting of very fine closely placed lines, forming very wide meshes; on the prothorax the lines are finer and fainter; on the head there is a reticulation of isodiametric meshes. CARABIDAE. 11 Underside smooth, some transverse striation on head, metepisterna elongate, last ventral segment (9) with three marginal setae on each side. Meso- and metatibiae slightly bisulcate ; tarsi not sulcate, joint 4 of pro- and mesotarsi bilobed, 5 not ciliate beneath. The depressed form, with the absence of any sulcus on the tarsal joints, render this a very distinct species, but an even more unusual character is the presence of a bifid tooth in the mentum. This is very rare in the Anchomenini, but I have recently commented (Ent. Month. Mag., Vol. lxii, p. 79, 1926) on its occasional occurrence among the Himalayan species of Anchomenus. Upolu: Malololelei, 25.iv.1924, 1 example 9. LEBIINI. 12. Celaenephes parallelus Schmidt-Goebel. Celaenephes parallelus Schmidt-Goebel, Faun. Col. Birm., p. 78, t. 2, £. 5, 1846; Bates, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (6), Vol. ix, p. 286, 1889; id., Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen., Vol. xxxii, p. 420, 1892; _ Bouchard, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., Vol. lxxii, p. 176, 1903 ; Lesne, Miss. Pavie Hist. Nat., p. 80, 1904; Vuillet, Ins., Vol. ii, p. 17, 1912 ; Sloane, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. xlv, p. 322, 1920; Andrewes, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1923, p. 46, 1923. ? Leistus linearis Walker, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3), Vol. ii, p. 203, 1858; Bates, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), Vol. xvii, p. 211, 1886; Andrewes, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1919, p. 188, 1919. Taromorpha alternata Blackburn, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales (2), Vol. ix, p. 85, 1894; Andrewes, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9), Vol. xx, p. 272, 1927. Celaenephes rechingeri Csiki, Denkschr. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturw. Kl., Vol. xci, p. 164, 1915. [New syn.] Upolu and Savau (Rechinger): Apia, ii., v.1924, ix., x1.1925; xi.1912 (Friedrichs) ; 28.x.1923 (Armstrong). I have seen examples of this species from as far north as Chittagong in Bengal, whence its habitat extends through Indo-China, Siam, the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago to Australia and New Caledonia. Bates says it is an Indian species, but (except for the Chittagong examples, which came to hand after this paper was written) I have seen no examples from India, and Walker’s type is the only specimen I have seen from Ceylon. I have examined all the types, and also a large number of specimens, which exhibit a good deal of individual variability. I strongly suspect that C. foersteri Bouchard (Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., Vol. lxxii, p. 176, 1903) is the same species, but I have been unable hitherto to trace the whereabouts of Bouchard’s types. 12 INSECTS OF SAMOA. 13. Mochtherus tetraspilotus Macl. Dromius tetraspilotus Macleay, Ann. Jav., p. 25, 1825; Schaum, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., Vol. iv, p. 187, 1860. Mochtherus tetraspilotus Chaudoir, Mém. sur les Coptodérides, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., Vol. xii, p. 241, 1869 ; Bates, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), Vol. xvii, p. 203, 1886; id., Ann Mus Civ. Gen., Vol. xxxii, p. 412, 1892; Bouchard, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., Vol. lxxii, p. 174, 1903; Heller, Deutsch. Ent. Zeitschr., Jahrg. 1916, p. 273, 1916; Andrewes, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1919, p. 163, 1919 ; id., nt. Month. Maq., Vol. lxui, p. 70, 1926. Thyreopterus tetrasemus Dejean, Spec. Gen., Vol. v, p. 448, 1831. Mochtherus angulatus Schmidt-Goebel, Faun. Col. Birm., p. 76, 1846; Redtenbacher, Revs. Novar., Zool., Vol. ii. Col., p. 7, 1867; Andrewes Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1923, p. 45, 1923 ; id., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1924, p. 461, 1924. Panagaeus retractus Walker, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), Vol. ii, p. 203, 1858; Andrewes, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1919;p. 189; 1919. Cyrtopterus quadrinotatus Motchulsky, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc., Vol. xxxiv, No. I, p. 106, 1861. Upolu: Malololelei, 25.iv.1924; Apia, iv., 1x.1925. One of the commonest species of South- Kast Asia, found throughout India, Ceylon, Burma, the Andaman Is., Malay Peninsula and Archipelago, Christmas I. (Malay region), Indo- China, and Formosa. I have no record of its occurrence in New Guinea or Australia. (Text- fig. 8.) Tee iG B= Mockihonus’ ferra: In India this insect is frequently found spilotus Macleay. under bark, and Dr. Beeson mentions it as having on one occasion in Burma been attracted to newly felled Tectona grandis. i4. Endynomena pradieri Fairm. Plochionus pradierit Fairmaire, Rev. Mag. Zool. (2), Vol. i, p. 34, 1849. Endynomena pradiert Chaudoir, Mon. des Callidides, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., Vol. xv, p. 186, 1872 ; Bates, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (6), Vol. ix, p. 283, 1889. Saronychium inconspicuum Blackburn, Ent. Month. Mag., Vol. xiv, p. 142, 1877; Andrewes, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9), Vol. iti, p. 483, 1919. Endynomena huebnert Fairmaire, Pet. Nouv. Ent., Vol. ii, p. 286, 1878; id., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (6), Vol. i, p. 245, 1881. [New syn.] Thyreopterus paroecus Csiki, Denkschr. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien., Math.-Naturw. Kl., Vol. xci., p. 164, 1915. [New syn.]. CARABIDAE. 13 Upolu (Rechinger): Apia, 2.1. and x.1924; Vailima, 28.x.1924. ““ Samoa ”’ (Swale). Originally described from material from Polynesia, this species appears to be very widely distributed, though I have seldom seen more than one or two specimens from the same locality. My records include India, Ceylon, Indo-China, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Philippine Is., Cocos-Keeling Is., New Caledonia, Ellice Is., Marquesas Is., Tonga Is.. Tahiti, and Honolulu. (Text-fig. 9.) As might be expected, an insect with such a wide distribution exhibits considerable variation both in colour and form. The types of the various authors have been examined by me, and I find that specimens from Polynesia are usually light brown, with sharply rectangular hind angles to the prothorax, and the elytra distinctly striate and finely punctate. Indian qyyamg. ae iend henmena and Malayan examples are generally darker, with pradiert Fairmaire. slightly obtuse hind angles to the prothorax, and the elytra less clearly striate and rather less finely punctate. In several cases I have seen only single examples from the localities cited above, and where there have been more, the characters are not constant, so that for the present it seems best to regard them all as individiuals of one variable species. 15. Parena politissima Chaud. Crossoglossa politissima Chaudoir, Col. Nov., p. 20, 1883. Upolu: Malololelei. Unfortunately I have not been able to see the type of this species, which was obtained in New Caledonia. Except in one character, viz. the form of the prothorax, the two Samoan specimens agree so well with the description that I do not feel much doubt about the identification. It must be remembered too that the author had no opportunity of revising his work, the descriptions of this and of a few other species having been published posthumously. It was only shortly before completing the present paper that I was able to examine the type of Parena bicolor Motchulsky, and to identify Phloeodromius W. Macleay and Crossoglossa Chaudoir with Motchulsky’s genus. 14 a INSECTS’ OF SAMOA. Notre.—There are two further specimens, both from the Bishop Museum, Honolulu, and similarly labelled “Samoa, Savaii, Salailua, 23.v.1924, E. H. Bryan, Junr., Collector.” They present some unusual features and certainly belong to different species of a genus unknown to me; indeed they may belong to different genera, and, without the dissection of several organs, which would certainly damage the specimens, I have not felt able to deal with them. Both examples appear to belong to the Pterostichini, but evidently differ somewhat in their characters from the European and Asiatic members of that tribe. LIST OF TEXT-FIGURES Text-fig. 1. Chlaenius samoensis Csiki. 2. Gnathaphanus vmpressipennis Cast. 3. Colpodes buxtont, sp. n. 4. Colpodes pacificus, sp. 0. » 5. Colpodes hopkinsi, sp. n. 6. Colpodes jiceus, sp. n. 7. Colpodes anomalus, sp. 1. 8. Mochtherus tetraspilotus Macleay. 9 . Endynomena pradiert Fairmaire. DYTISCIDAE Von A. ZIMMERMANN, MUNCHEN (Mit 2 Text-figuren.) Aus Samoa hatte ich bis jetzt drei Schwimmkafer-Ausbeuten zur Bearbeitung vor mir. Die erste enthalt das von Dr. K. Friedrichs, die zweite das von Dr. H. Swale und die dritte das von den Herren P. A. Buxton und G. H. E. Hopkins gesammelte Material. Die beiden ersten Ausbeuten (sie enthalten nur 3 bezw. 2 Arten in wenigen Exemplaren) dokumentieren sich ohne weiters als das zufallige Ergebnis kurzer fliichtiger Sammelarbeit ; das dritte der gegen- wartigen Arbeit als Unterlage dienende Material ist wohl etwas umfangreicher, lasst aber gleichfalls schon durch die beigegebenen Daten erkennen, dass sich die Sammeltatigkeit auch hier nur auf wenige Stunden einzelner Tage beschrankte. Ks diirfte daher zweifellos nétig sein, um sich ein wenigstens einigermassen vollstindiges Bild tiber den Bestand der Schwimmkiferfauna Samoa’s machen zu konnen, die Ergebnisse weiterer Forschungsreisen abzuwarten. Ich zweifle nicht daran, dass sich bei planmassiger griindlicher Untersuchung der vor- handenen Wasserbecken die bescheidene Artenzahl der bis jetzt bekannt gewor- denen Dytisciden nicht unwesentlich vergréssern lisst, wenn auch der vulkanische Charakter der Inselwelt und die anscheinend wenig giinstigen hydrographischen Verhiltnisse derselben auf eine relativ arme Hydrocantharen- fauna schlessen lassen. Nach dem vorhandenen Material erweist sich die Schwimmkaferfauna Samoa’s als eine verarmte Kolonie der australischen Fauna. Nur Rhantus hiopteroides muss als dstliches Klement angesehen werden, das von dem auf den Tahiti-Inseln heimischen Rh. debilis Sharp abzuleiten, vielleicht auch nur als eine Lokalrasse des letzteren zu bewerten ist. Als endemische Art kann Bidessus curvvplicatus bezeichnet werden; sie gehdrt in den allernichsten Verwandtenkomplex des australischen B. amabilis Cl. Alle tibrigen Arten kom- men auch in Australien vor ; Notomicrus tenellus Cl. dehnt seinen Verbreitungs- bezirk bis zu den Sundainseln, Java und Sumatra aus, und die beiden 15 16 INSECTS OF SAMOA. Allerweltsbiirger Rhantus pulverosus Steph. und Cybister tripunctatus Ol. finden sich auf allen vier Erdteilen der westlichen Hemisphire. 1. Notomicrus tenellus Cl. (V, oblongus Wehncke.) Die Tiere stimmen mit den mir aus Java und Sumatra bekannt gewordenen Exemplaren in allen Merkmalen vdllig iiberein. Die zwei Punktserien der Decken sind iusserst fein, nur bei starker Vergrésserung erkennbar, die Hinter- hiiften und die Basis des Abdomens sind gebraunt, und die Farbung der Fliigel- decken ist im allgemeinen dunkler als die des rétlichgelben Halsschilds, hellbriunlichrot, in einer dreieckigen aber wenig hervorgehobenen Skutellar- partie braunlich. Australische Tiere konnte ich bis jetzt nicht erhalten; ich zweifle aber nicht daran, dass Notomicrus laevigatus Sharp mit N. tenellus Cl. identisch ist ; wenigstens lassen sich aus der Beschreibung desselben (Sharp, “On Aquatic Carnivorous Coleoptera or Dytiscidae”: Sci. Trans. R. Dublin Soc., Vol. 2, Ser. IT, p. 260, 1882) keinerlei Unterschiede feststellen, welche die specifische Selbstindigkeit der Form begriinden kénnten. Wahrscheinlich gehért auch N. punctulatus Fauvel (Rev. d@Ent., T. xxu, p. 244, 1903) aus Neucaledonien hierher. Upolu: Mulifanua, 4.x.1925. 2. Bidessus curviplicatus, sp. n. (Text-fig. 1). 34 mm. Linglich oval, nach hinten allmahlich verengt, wenig konvex, elinzend. Unterseite schwarzbraun, Beine rotlich, ziemlich kraftig, Vorder- und Mitteltarsen breit, stark gelappt. Fiihler gleichfalls rétlich, dick, besonders in der Basalhalfte, Glied 5 und 6 beim 3 etwas erweitert, Endglied schmal, doppelt so lang als die tibrigen Glieder. Kopf rétlichbraun, vorn rotlich, inner- halb der Augen mit einer seichten Lingsdepression, die vor der Fiihlerinsertion durch einen flachen kurzen Querwulst abgeriegelt wird, fein und wenig dicht, nur auf dem Scheitel etwas kraftiger punktiert. Clypeus nicht gerandet, gerade abgeschnitten. Halsschild rétlichgelb, breit, in der vorderen Halfte fast breiter als die Decken, an den Seiten gerandet, stark gerundet, nach hinten verengt, DYTISCIDAE. 17 auf der Scheibe spirlich und fein, hinter dem Vorderrand und vor der Basis etwas stairker und viel dichter punktiert. Die Basalstrichel lang, bis itber die Mitte reichend, leicht S-bogenformig geschwungen. Fliigel- decken rotlichbraun, die Seiten rétlich, ohne Nahtstreifen, aber mit zwei Basalstricheln, die kaum linger sind als die Halsschildstricheln, etwas schrig nach innen ziehen und daher nach hinten leicht konvergieren. Die Punktierung ist ziemlich kraftig, dicht, gleichmissig fast iiber die ganze Flache verteilt, nur an den Seiten und in einer Schulterpartie feiner und spiirlicher. Die Art ist mit dem australischen B. amabilis Cl. zweitellos sehr nahe verwandt, von diesem aber durch die OR bedeutendere Grosse und durch die dichte Punktierung, die Tgxr-r1g. 1.—Bides- fast tiber die ganzen Decken gleichmissig verteilt ist, sus curviplicatus, sp. nov. verschieden. Upolu: Mulifanua, 15.x.1925. Type in Brit. Museum, Paratype in meiner Kollektion. 3. Copelatus marginatus Sharp. Zwei Kxemplare aus Tonga: Nukualofa, 22.xi.1925. Fiir Samoa wurde die Art bereits durch das von Dr. K. Friedrichs gesam- melte Material nachgewiesen. (Arch. f. Naturg., 88. Jahrg., Abt. A, 10 Heft. p. 148, 1922.) 4. Rhantus liopteroides, sp. n. (Text-fig. 2). 74-74 mm. Lianglich oval, nach vorn und hinten ziemlich gleichmissig, aber nur wenig verengt, schwach gewolbt, glinzend. Unterseite braunschwarz, Epipleuren, Prosternum, Taster und Beine rotlich, Fihler rétlichgelb, Kopf braun, eine Scheitelpartie und die vordere Hilfte rétlich. Halsschild und Decken rotlichgelb, ersteres mit einem braunen, schlechtbegrenzten Diskalfleck, der sich oft so stark ausdehnt, dass die Grundfirbung nur in einem mehr oder weniger breiten Seitensaum erhalten bleibt, letztere mit zahlreichen, schwach gekriimmten schwarzen Sprenkeln, die sich teilweise zu unregelmiis- sigen Langsreihen anordnen und nur ein schmales Suturalband und einen breiten Seitensaum freilassen. Iv. l 2 18 INSECTS OF SAMOA. Die Skulptur der Oberseite ist doppelt; sie setzt sich aus einer ausser- ordentlich feinen, kaum erkennbaren Mikroretikulierung, und aus grésseren unregelmiassigen Netzmaschen zusammen, welch letz- tere auf Kopf und Halsschild kraftiger eingeschnitten sind als auf den Decken. Halsschild mit einer vorn und himten verkiirzten, schwach eingeschnittenen Mittellinie. Fliigeldecken mit drei Lingsreihen kraftiger Punktgriibchen, die sich vor der Spitze verfeinern und etwas verwirren. Prosternalfortsatz flach, seitich kaum abwirtsgedriickt, Metasternal- fliigel Schmal. Die kleinste Art der Gattung, die dem aus Tahiti beschriebenen Rhanitus debts Sharp ausserst nahe- steht; sie unterscheidet sich von letzterem haupt- siichlich durch die kleinere, schmilere, mehr parallel- Trxt-ria 2.—Rhantus lio- geitige Gestalt, durch den flacheren, an den Seiten pteroides, sp. nov. nicht abwirtsgedriickten Prosternalfortsatz, durch die schmileren Metasternalfliigel und durch die kraftigeren Punktreihen der Decken ; ausserdem sind beim 3 die Vorder- und Mitteltarsen viel schwacher erweitert, die Vorderklauen schlanker, stirker gekriimmt und, im Gegensatz von R. debilis, bei dem die innere Klaue etwas kiirzer ist als die Aussere, von gleicher Linge. Upolu: Malololelei, 4.v.1924; Type und Paratype im Brit. Museum, weitere zwei Paratypen in meiner Kollektion. 5. Rhantus pulverosus Steph. Das Verbreitungsgebiet dieser Art ist sehr ausgedehnt ; es erstreckt sich tiber Nordafrika, Europa, Asien, die Sundainseln und die Philippinen, auf Australien, Neuseeland, Neukaledonien und wahrscheinlich auch auf den grés- seren Teil der melanesischen und polynesischen Inselwelt. Die Tiere aus Samoa sind von unseren europiischen Hxemplaren kaum verschieden, nur die Oberseite scheint etwas weniger gewolbt zu sein, die mainnlichen Vorder- und Mitteltarsen sind sichtlich schwicher erweitert und die beiden Vorderklauen sind fast gleichlang. Tonga: Nukualofa, 19.xi.1925; Samoa: Savaii-Insel, Safune, 15.v.1924 (Bryan). DYTISCIDAE. 19 6. Hydaticus consanguineus Aubé, Die Art wird durch eine mehr oder weniger deutliche, aber stets schlecht begrenzte, gemeinsame Diskalmakel auf den Fliigeldecken charakterisiert, die durch Zusammenfliessen der schwarzen Sprenkeln entsteht. Auf gleiche Weise bilden sich zuweilen auch vor der Spitze ein paar kleine, gewohnlich nur schwach hervortretende Fleckchen. Diese Farbungsmerkmale sind die ein- zigen Differenzen durch welche H. consanguineus von H. leander Rossi (H. fabricit MacLeay) zu unterscheiden ist ; ob sie zur artlichen Trennung der beiden Formen geniigen, erscheint mir allerdings fraglich. Upolu: Malololelei, 9.vi.1924; Laulu, 211.1925; Mulifanua, 1.v.1917 (Swale). Savan: Fagamalo, 9.1.1924; Tuasivi, xi.1925. Tonga : Nukualofa, 19.x1.1925. 6A. Hydaticus goryi Aubé. Von den typischen Tieren aus Australien durch die Farbung verschieden. Das Halsschild ist einfairbig rotlichgelb, in der Mitte kaum gebraunt; die Fliigeldeckenzeichnung ist bis auf die subbasale Querbinde, die sich an den Schultern angelhackenartig umbiegt, undeutlich. Die postmediane Querbinde verliert sich nahezu ganz in dem Sprenkelfeld der fiusseren Deckenhiltte, das sie nach hinten begrenzt; ebenso kommt die Binde vor der Spitze infolge der eingelagerten schwarzen Sprenkeln nur wenig zur Geltung. Neben der Naht lauft eine schmale gelbe Lingslinie, die dem inneren Ende der subbasalen Quer- binde entspringt und nach hinten bis zur Spitzenmakel zieht. Tonga: Nukualofa, 19.31.1925; 2 Exempl. 7. Cybister tripunctatus Ol. Die weitverbreitete, in allen warmen Gebieten der westlichen Hemisphire heimische Art scheint auch in Samoa nicht selten zu sein. Die Tiere sind von mittlerer Grésse und ahneln in Habitus und Farbung der malayischen Form ; die Seiten der Fliigeldecken sind breit gelb gesitumt, bei den 99 fehlt die Sexual- skulptur ganz oder ist durch ganz vereinzelte kurze Strichchen nur schwach angedeutet. Upolu: Laulu, 21.11.1925; Apia, vi.1925 ; Mulifanua (Swale). oa aN Nida a a Peck os ye, ut Pec oat nbed ac Ca a wv WE ted aise Oe rg as ta i, Wag Me i SPA PH YEN TD AE By Matcotm Cameron, M.B., R.N., F.E.S. (With 2 Text-figures.) Our knowledge of the Staphylinidae of the islands of the South Pacific is so imperfect that no general conclusions can be drawn from the specimens col- lected in Samoa. The following species are represented in the collection submitted to me. OXYTELINAE. 1. Priochirus (Syncampsochirus) forticornis Fauv. Ann. Mus. Cw. Gen., Vol. x, p. 185, 1877. Upolu: Malololelei, Vailima, 11.—xii.1924 (Buxton and Hopkins); Savaii, Salailua, v.1924 (Bryan). Ten examples. The head and prothorax are figured in Text-fig. 1, B. 2. Priochirus (Syncamp- sochirus) samoensis Blanch. Voy.: Pole Sud., Ent., p. 54, C. 4, £. 11, 1853. Upolu: Malololelei, 2000 ft. above the sea, iv.—x1.1924 (Buxton and A. B. Bains oc Text-ric. 1.—Head and prothorax; A, of Priochirus fre- Hopkins) ; Savail, Safune, minvillet Le Guillon; B, of P. forticornis Fauv. rain forest, 2000-4000 ft. above the sea, v.1924 (Bryan). Sixteen examples. 3. Priochirus (Plastus) freminville: Le Guillon. Journ. Institut, Vol. 1x, p. 280, 1841. Upolu: Vailima, 24.v.1924 ; Malololelei, 2000 ft. above the sea, i1.—x1.1924 ; 21 99 ee) INSECTS OF SAMOA. Apia, 18.v.1924 (Buxton and Hopkins); Savan: Salailua, 23.v.1924 (Bryan). Kleven examples. The head and prothorax are figured in Text-fig. 1, A. 4. Lispinus impressicollis Motsch. Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc., Vol. xxx, p. 495, 1857. Upolu: Malololelei, 25.1v.1924 ; Apia, 1.1925, in a rotting pumpkin. Widely distributed throughout the Tropics. 5. Lispinus castaneus Fauv. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen., Vol. xii, p. 206, 1878. Upolu: Malololelei, 2000 ft. above the sea, vi.1924; Apia, vi.1924 (Buxton and Hopkins); Tutwla: Fagasa, 1x.1924 (Swezey and Wilder). Several examples. Occurs also in New Guinea, Northern Australia, Seychelles, and Fiji. 6. Trogophloeus siamensis Fauv. J Rev. @Ent., Vol. v, p. 144, 1886. Upolu: Apia, xi1.1924. One example. Also found in Siam, Java, Sumatra, Madagascar. 7. Oxytelus, sp.n. Savail: Salailua, 21.v.1924 (Bryan). One example. 8. Osorius samoensis Bernh. Arch. f. Naturg. Vol. 88, A, 10, p. 149, 1922. Upolu: Malololelei, 2000 ft. above the sea, vi., xi.1924, 1.1925; Vailima, vi.1924 (Buxton and Hopkins) ; Tuaefa, ix.1923 ; Savaii: Safune, lowlands to 1000 ft. ; rain forests to 4000 ft, ii1.1924 (Bryan) ; Tutuila: Amauli, 6.1x.1923 ; Leone Road, 7.ix.1923 ; Pago Pago, 10.ix.1923 ; Afono Trail, 25.ix.1923 (Swezey and Wilder). Several examples. PAEDERINAE. 9. Palaminus samoensis, sp.n. Fore-parts reddish-yellow, abdomen reddish-brown. Antennae and legs pale yellow. Length 3 mm. STAPHYLINIDAE. 23 Colour of P. pennifer Fauv., but smaller and narrower, the antennae shorter, the penultimate joints obviously shorter, though longer than broad ; would appear to be near P. philippinus Bernh., but to differ in colour. Head, with eyes, a little broader than the thorax, coarsely and closely punctured. Thorax slightly broader than long, the sides practically straight and convergent posteriorly, before the middle of the base with a short impunctate elevation with a depression on either side, rather coarsely and closely punctured like the head. Elytra about 1} times longer than the thorax, closely, coarsely rugulosely punctured. Abdomen with the usual imbricate sculpture. Savail, 9.v.1924, and rain forest, 2000-4000 ft. above the sea (Bryan). Two examples; type in the Bishop Museum, Honolulu; paratype in the British Museum. 10. Palaminus, n.sp. Upolu: Malalolelei, vii.1924. One defective example. 11. Medon tutuilanus, sp.n. Sub-depressed, rufo-ferrugineous, moderately shining. Elytra reddish- testaceous, with indeterminate brown fascia of varying breadth. Abdomen brown, the posterior margins of the last two segments broadly testaceous. Antennae and legs reddish-testaceous. Length 3-5 mm. Colour of Ophiomedon incomptus Shp., but the thorax broader, this and the head more finely punctured. Narrower than M. opacellus Fauv. and more depressed, the temples straighter and the posterior angles more briefly rounded, the thorax shorter and broader, the puncturation simple and the colour of the elytra different. Head as broad as long, square, a little broader than the thorax, temples parallel, practically straight, the posterior angles briefly rounded, the base feebly emarginate, closely and moderately coarsely punctured, with a small impunctate space on the vertex. Antennae rather short, the 7th to 10th joints transverse. Thorax distinctly transverse, trapezoidal, before the base with a short, median, impunctate keel and short impression on each side ; puncturation very similar to that of the head. Elytra short, one-third longer than the thorax, closely, rather finely, asperately punctured. Abdomen rather closely and rather finely punctured, finely and moderately closely pubescent. Tutuila, Pago Pago, 24.1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder). Type in the Bishop Museum. 24 INSECTS OF SAMOA. 12. Lithocharis vilis Kr. Arch. f. Naturg:, Vol. 25, p. 139, 1859. Upolu: Malololelei, about 2000 ft., vi.1924. Widely distributed throughout the tropics. STAPHYLININAE. 13. Leptacinus pallidus, sp.n. Head and thorax reddish-testaceous, elytra and abdomen yellow, the former occasionally infuscate about the postero-external angles. Antennae reddish-testaceous. Legs testaceous. Length 4 mm. In build very similar to Leptacinus filum Kr., but more robust. Head oblong, wider than the thorax, the sides parallel, the posterior angles briefly rounded ; median frontal furrows lightly curved inwards, with an umbilicate puncture anteriorly ; lateral grooves deeper and narrower, oblique, extending from an umbilicate puncture near the antero-internal border of the eye, back- wards and inwards, to an umbilicate puncture behind the median groove but not connected with it; temples with two punctures, one close to the eye; the whole of the upper surface with a few small scattered punctures, ground sculpture well marked, longitudinally strigose. Antennae with the 3rd joint a little shorter than the 2nd, 4th about as long as broad, 5th to 10th transverse, the penultimate about twice as broad as long. Thorax much longer than broad, the sides straight, not much narrowed behind, all the angles rounded ; disc with four larger quadrately placed punctures, another near the anterior angles and another laterally ; besides these larger punctures there are a few fine scattered ones ; ground sculpture strigose, more or less longitudinal. Scutellum triangular with two fine setiferous punctures, transversely strigose. Elytra as long as, but a little broader than, the thorax, obsoletely sculptured with scattered larger and smaller punctures, the latter more numerous and without ground sculpture. Abdomen practically impunctate along the middle, at the sides with a few fine setiferous punctures. Intermediate coxae contiguous, posterior tibiae lightly curved. Tutuila: Fagasa, under rotten bark, 9.ix.1923 (Swezey and Wilder). Two examples: type in the Bishop Museum, paratype in the British Museum. STAPHYLINIDAE. 25 14. Holocorynus longiceps, sp.n. Depressed, black, shining, the posterior angles and base of the thorax narrowly reddish-testaceous. Antennae ferrugineous. Mandibles prominent, black. Legs testaceous. Length 8°5 mm. Head oblong, much longer than broad, broader and almost as long as the thorax, the sides exactly parallel, the posterior angles briefly rounded. Eyes very small. Median frontal grooves superficial, parallel, rather long, posteriorly with an umbilicate setiferous puncture ; lateral grooves short, oblique, com- mencing at a large umbilicate puncture near the eye, and ending at the umbili- cate puncture at the end of the median groove; from the base nearly to the apex with a narrow deep sulcus in the middle line ; on either side, for about the anterior two-thirds, with a few elongate umbilicate punctures, the basal region impunctate, the long temples with three or four punctures, the disc with a few small punctures and with a fine, interrupted, longitudinal ground sculpture. Antennae with the 2nd joint shorter than the 3rd, 3rd clavate, 4th shorter, clavate, 5th to 10th slightly transverse. Thorax much longer than broad, widest at the rounded anterior angles, the sides strongly narrowed to the rounded posterior angles, the disc with four quadrately placed punctures and with two others near the anterior angles, before the middle of the base with a short impressed line, the whole surface covered with a vermiform ground sculp- ture more or less transverse on the disc and longitudinal at the sides. Scutellum with two large setiferous punctures and transverse wavy ground sculpture. Hlytra as long as, but a little broader than the thorax, obsoletely impressed behind the shoulder and before the apex, with a few very obsolete larger punctures and an exceedingly fine irregular puncturation, without ground sculpture. Abdomen practically smooth in the middle, the sides of the seg- ments with a few fine setiferous punctures. Posterior tibiae short, lightly curved. The head in this species is much longer than in H. discedens Shp. Upolu: Malololelei, 25.iv.1924. A single example (type): in the British Museum. 15. Thyreocephalus taitiensis Boh. Eugen. Resa, p. 26, 1858 (Xantholinus). Upolu: Apia, ii., v.1924 (Buxton and Hopkins); 15.ix.1923 (Swezey and Wilder) ; Malololelei, 21.vi.1924 (Armstrong) ; Vailima, 26.111.1925 (Buxton and 26 INSECTS OF SAMOA. Hopkins); Tutuila: Pago Pago, 24.1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder). Hight examples. Widely distributed in the South Pacific region. 16. Cafius nauticus Fairm. Rev. et. Magq. de Zool. (2), Vol. i, p. 288, 1849 (Philonthus). Upolu: Vailima, 9.vi.1924. One example. Widely distributed in the South Pacific region and Red Sea littoral. TACHYPORINAE. 17. Coproporus formosae Bernh. Tr. Linn. Soc., Vol. xviii, I, p. 178 (note), 1922. Upolu: Malololelei, 2000 ft. above the sea, vi.1924 (Buxton and Hopkins) ; Tutuila: Amauli, 6.ix.1923 (Swezey and Wilder). Three examples. ALEOCHARINAE. 18. Oligota (Holobus) chrysopyga Kr. Arch. f. Naturg., Vol. 25, p. 45, 1859. Upolu: Apia, vi.1924. Four examples. Widely distributed in East and West Indies, East Africa and elsewhere. 19. Ohigota (sensi stricto) semirufa, sp.n. Moderately shining, the fore parts reddish-testaceous, the abdomen reddish-castaneous, the posterior margins of the segments rufescent, the last two segments testaceous. Antennae with the first six joints testaceous, the rest black, forming a club. Legs testaceous. Length 0-6 mm. —Build of O. parva Kr. but smaller and differently coloured, the antennae shorter and stouter and the puncturation finer. The 7th joint of the antennae is much broader than the 6th, the 8th and 9th increasingly broader, quite three STAPHYLINIDAE. 27 times broader than long, the 10th short and stout, a little longer than broad ; the whole insect very finely and closely punctured, and with a fine yellow pubescence. Upolu: Apia, vu.1924. Three examples. Type in the British Museum. 20. Gyrophaena albidicornis Bernh. Denkschr. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturw. Kl., Vol. [xxxix, p. 689, 1913. As Dr. Bernhauer remarks, the 3 characters are difficult to see, and I have accordingly dissected out the last two abdominal seg- ments, a figure of which is here given. (Text-fig. 2.) 00 It will be seen that the 7th segment is furnished in the middle just before the posterior margin with a pair of small tubercles, the lateral margin of the 8th on pyy-me. OeGirenhaena each side is produced into a short triangular tooth, and albidicornis Bernh. ; the posterior margin of the segment between the teeth USCIS Gu eae . Se of male. is very feebly bisinuate. The two tubercles on the 7th segment are present in the five males examined by me. Upolu: Malololelei, 2000 ft. above the sea, 30.xi.1924. Highteen examples. 21. Coenonica buxtoni, sp.n. Shining ; head and thorax black, elytra yellow, more or less infuscate on the scutellar and postero-external angles; abdomen brown, the posterior margins of the segments rufescent, the 6th segment black. Antennae black, the first three joints testaceous. Legs testaceous. Length 2°75 mm. Colour as in C. puncticollis Kr., smaller, the head and thorax much more finely punctured, the latter much less transverse and less dilated in front. Head lightly impressed on the vertex, the whole surface finely and sparingly punctured. Antennae with the 2nd and 3rd joints of equal length, 4th about as long as broad, 5th to 10th transverse, gradually increasing in breadth, the penultimate about twice as broad as long. Thorax about one-third broader than long, widest just before the middle, the sides rounded, more strongly narrowed behind and slightly sinuate before the obtuse posterior angles ; before the middle of the base transversely impressed, and with a short, obsolete diver- gent impression on each side of the middle line and united with the basal 28 INSECTS OF SAMOA. impression, occasionally with a short impression in the middle line in front, the whole surface finely, but rather more closely, punctured than the head. Elytra broader and a little longer than the thorax, slightly transverse, finely, obsoletely and moderately closely punctured. Abdomen very finely and very sparingly punctured, with a transverse row of larger, obsolete punctures at the bases of the anterior segments. 3 unknown. Upolu: Apia, xi1.1924. Three examples. Type in the British Museum. 22. Homalota variiventris Kr. Arch. f. Naturgesch, Vol. 25, p. 34, 1859. Upolu: Apia, 11.1924, in a rotting pumpkin (Buxton and Hopkins) ; Tutuila : Pago Pago, 24.1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder). Four examples. Also found in Ceylon, Indo-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java and New Guinea. 23. Tachyusa insulana Fairm. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. (2), Vol. i, p. 287, 1849 (Bolitochara). Apia, 11.1924 (Buxton and Hopkins); Tutuila: Pago Pago, 24.1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder). Four examples. Also in Fiji. 24. Aleochara nigra Kr. Arch. f. Naturgesch., Vol. 25, p. 18, 1859. Upolu: Apia, 23.v.1924. One example. Also occurs in Ceylon, Indo-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and elsewhere. LIST OF TEXT-FIGURES Text-fig. 1. Head and prothorax ; A, of Priochirus freminvillet Le Guillon; B, of P. forticornis, Fauv. » 2. Gyrophaena albidicornis Bernh.; 7th and 8th tergites of male. HYDROPHILIDAE By A. D’ORCHYMONT (With 1 Text-figure.) THE material communicated by Mr. P. A. Buxton, Mr. W. M. Giffard, the British and Bishop Museums, consists of eighty-two specimens belonging to two sub-families (Sphaeridiinae and Hydrophilinae), three genera (Dactylosternum, Noteropagus, Enochrus) and six species. One of the latter (D. abdominale) is nearly cosmopolitan, and is found in refuse or spoiled fruits. Another (H. parvulus) is known to occur in Asia Minor, Africa, Madagascar, the Seychelles, Aldabra I., Coetivy I. and India. A third form (D. subquadratum), perhaps also a refuse dweller, is similarly found in Tahiti, Fiji, Buru, Borneo and the Philippines, whilst a fourth is perhaps the same as /. tritus Broun, of New Zealand. The fifth (V. politus), living in rotten bark, has been recorded, too, from Java, Sumatra, Indo-China and India, and is near akin to N. obscurus, known hitherto only as occurring in Timor and Borneo. Finally the sixth and last species (F. bryant) is apparently new to science. So far as the study of this small collection goes, we seem entitled to accept the opinions of Kramer * and K. Friederichs + as to the manner in which the Samoan group has been populated with animals and plants. The authors in question draw attention to the heterogeneous character of the fauna of these islands, which they consider to be due to accidental colonisation. This explana- tion is evidently in accordance with the relatively recent geological age of the group and its emergence above sea-level owing to volcanic action. For this reason the Samoan fauna cannot be very rich. On the other hand, at least four of the species forming the subject of the present contribution were collected in considerable numbers. * Kramer, ‘‘ Die Samoa Inseln,” 2 Vols., 4to, 956 pp., with 5 plates and 4 maps (Stuttgart : 1901-1903) ; “‘ Der Tropenpflanzer”’: Zedtschrift fiir tropische Landwirtschaft, Beiheft 5 (Berlin : 1918). + K. Friederichs, “Die von Dr. K. Friederichs in Samoa und Indo-China gesammelten Kafer”: Archiv. fiir Naturgeschichte, 88 Jahrg. Abt. A., 10 Heft, pp. 147-159, December 1922. 29 30 INSECTS OF SAMOA. The Hydrophilid fauna of Tahiti, Tonga and other parts of Polynesia is practically unknown, and I am aware only of two species of Dactylosternum (D. abdominale and D. subquadratum) living in the first-named of these islands. The same is true of Fiji; only two species have been recorded (Hydrous sabellifer Fairmaire [? = H. gayndahensis Macleay], and Ochthebius eremita Knisch). Personally I have seen only two specimens from those islands ; they represent a small Hnochrus related to, if not identical with, an Australian or New Caledonian species. Comparison of the Samoan fauna with that of these countries is therefore still impossible. Apart from the present material, I have only heard of three Samoan species, of which two were named by Knisch in the paper of Dr. Friederichs already alluded to. I have discussed these two forms in the systematic part of this paper. The material of which an account is given below was obtained chiefly from Upolu and Tutuila; there are also three specimens from Tau, Manua. From the largest island, Savaiu, I have only seen one specimen. SPHAERIDITNAE. 1. Dactylosternum abdominale Fabricius, 1792. Twelve specimens. Samoan Is. (Swale, 1917), kitchen refuse, 27.x1.1925 ; Upolu: Apia, 11.1924; 1.1925; Tutuila: Leone Road (Swezey and Wilder), 7.1x.1923 ; Pago Pago (0-300 ft., W. M. Giffard Coll.). This species is known to occur in all the warmer regions of the globe, but has not been recorded from New Zealand. 2. Dactylosternum subquadratum Fairmaire, 1849. Seventy-three specrmens. Upolu: Apia, 3.vi.1924 ; Malololelei, 24.11.1924 ; iv.1924; 25.1v.1924; vi.1924, 2000 ft. Tutuila: Pago Pago, 18.iv.1924 (Bryan); Amauli, Pago Pago, Fagasa, ix.1923; Tau, Manua, 27.1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder). The type of D. subquadratum was obtained in Tahiti, and the species was recognised by Sharp in his material from the Hawaiian Islands. It has also been recorded from the Fiji Islands, Buru, Borneo and the Philippmes. D. servatum-titanicum Knisch, 1922, described from a single specimen from Apia, HYDROPHILIDAE. ol Upolu, is in my opinion certainly this species. In Sumatra, Java, Engano, the Mentawei Is. and Indo-China, it is (as has already been pointed out by me *) represented by a smaller form, D. seriatwm Knisch (Régimbart 7m litt.), in all probability not specifically distinct from D. subquadratum Fairmaire. 3. Noteropagus politus d’Orchymont, 1919. Hight specimens. Tutuila: Pago Pago, 21.1x.1923, in rotten bark ; Leone Road, 7.1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder). These specimens make an approach to the Indo-Chinese form, NV. punctatus m., but the oblique rows of punctures on the sides of the elytra are composed behind of somewhat larger pits, and the interstitial puncturation of the elytra has no tendency to be arranged in a single row posteriorly, between the normal series of punctures. HYDROPHILINAE. Tribe: HYDROBIINAE. Subtribe : HELOCHARAE. 4. Enochrus (Lumetus) ? tritus Broun. A specimen from Upolu, Tafua Volcano, 1917 (Dr. H. Swale: in coll. Brit. Mus.), perhaps a 9, as the claws are not hooked, seems very near to, if not identical with, H. tritus Broun, of New Zealand. The prefrons before the eyes has only a faint median infuscation behind, but, since Broun recorded a paler, less common variety of LH. tritus, this differentiation may be imputed to individual variation. The larger punctures of the sides of the pronotum are hardly discernible, and the last ventral segment has a deep ciliated notch at the tip. As in FL. tritus, the mesosternal process forms a very thin and large lamina, nearly perpendicular on its anterior side, and with a very minute acumen at its anterior angle. This is a suitable place in which to express the opinion that the New * A. d’Orchymont, ‘“ Notes on Philippine Hydrophilidae ” : Philippine Journ. Sci., Vol. 30, p. 366, July 1926. 32 INSECTS OF SAMOA. Zealand EF. variolorum Broun seems to be only a colour variety of the more abundant £. tritus. Sharp has already pointed out* that the character from which the specific name of the unique type was derived is an accidental one. The characters given by him in a dichotomic table on the same page seem to me to be only colour variations, perhaps even due to sexual differentiation, his Philhydrus tritus being then the 9, and his Ph. variolorum the 3, of the same species. More material from New Zealand, as well as from Samoa, is needed in order to decide these questions. 5. Enochrus (Lumetus) bryani, sp.n. (Text-fig. 1). Type. Samoa, Savaii: Salailua, 22.v.1924 (Bryan), Bishop Museum, 3:2 x 1:9 mm. I have not been able to assign this beetle to any described species, and I do not know of any very near ally. The shape is not very convex, and the pronotum is but little narrowed from the hind to the anterior angles, so that the latter are definitely wider than the eyes. Head dirty yellow, with a roughly triangular infuscation covering base of postfrons, narrowed anteriorly and extending across the blackened antenno- frontal suture to the middle of the prefrons. The latter is emarginate in front behind the labrum, and the preclypeus is visible. Puncturation of head close, not very strong nor deep, with interstices between punctures shining, not alutaceous. Hind portions of head (vertex) under margin of pronotum finely strigose. A group of a few larger punctures can be seen on the inner side of the eyes. Labrum mfuscate, nearly black, finely punctured. Maxillary palpi not very long, the last segment not infuscated at the tip. Pronotum dull yellow, infuscated in the middle, the infuscation reaching the posterior but not the anterior margin. The curve of the sides nearly con- tinuous with the outline of the elytra. Posterior angles sharply, the anterior ones much more widely, rounded. Lateral and posterior margins of the disc finely and wholly bordered ; anterior side widely and not very deeply emar- ginate for the reception of the head. Puncturation of the disc very conspicuous, as dense as on the head and somewhat stronger. Lateral ellipses of larger punctures easily seen among the finer ground punctures. * Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 473, 1884. HYDROPHILIDAE. 33 Elytra taken together elliptic, not quite twice as long as wide behind the prothorax, dusky in colour, dull yellowish at the sides and behind. Punctura- tion like that of pronotum, of same depth and closeness. On the disc the three irregular rows of larger punctures can easily be seen, and along the outer margin there is even an indication of a fourth row. Sutural stria extending beyond the basal fourth of the length of the elytra. Under surface, including femora, dusky, the knees, tibiae and tarsi reddish. Mentum shining, with an anterior rounded impression and some well marked punctures. Prosternum in the middle without anterior tooth. Mesosternum with an elevated, median, slightly thickened and posteriorly not very thin lamina, the anterior side of which is nearly perpendicular, while the lower edge is free from inequalities but provided with a very minute acumen at its anterior angle. Middle of metasternum before posterior coxae with a very small elongate shining space free from pubescence. J[ifth ventral segment with a small but conspicuous ciliated notch at the end. Claws, especially the anterior ones, hooked in the male. Aedeagus (Text-fig. 1) with outer lobes narrowed and curved inwards at the end. TEXtT-FIG. 1.— Enochrus bryant, aedeagus. 6. Enochrus (Methydrus) parvulus Kuwert, 1888 (nec Reiche, 1856). Twelve specimens. Upolu: ‘Tafua Volcano (H. Swale), 1917; Apia (Swezey and Wilder), 13.1x.1923 ; 11.1924 ; v.1924; xi.1924; 1.1925; vil.1925. These specimens agree so closely with others from tle Seychelles and Aldabra Is. (H. Scott det.), especially as regards the shape of the mesosternal lamina, that I do not hesitate to consider them as belonging to EF. parvulus. E. malabarensis Régimbart 1s very similar, but in this species the mesosternal lamina is larger and more perpendicular on its anterior side. The type of EF. parvulus was obtained at Beirut, and the species has since been met with in EKeypt, Tropical Africa, the Transvaal, Madagascar, Seychelles, Aldabra, Coetivy I. and India. Knisch’s record (Friederichs, l.c., p. 151) of EH. esuriens * * Erroneously spelt “ escuriens’’ by Knisch. TVeal 3 34 INSECTS OF SAMOA. Walker, from Apia, probably refers to FE. parvulus; the true E. esurvens ‘Walker has no lamina on the mesosternum, this part of the body being only carinate along the middle. TEXT-FIGURE Text-fig. 1. Enochrus bryant, aedeagus. is Et, ig Oo, BEMARTMGNT aS or at / ~2 MoO LO- 4 CLAVICORNIA AND LAMELLICORNIA By GitBert J. ARROW (With 13 Text-figures.) In reviewing the beetles of many different families (over seventy species), the identification of which has fallen to my share, the fact that calls for remark in the first instance is the predominance of species breeding in rotting wood, such as those belonging to the three families CucustpAr, CoLyDIIDAE and Lucantpak, of which nearly all those previously unknown are members. No less than four species of LuCANIDAE (Stag-beetles), apparently peculiar to the Samoan Islands, are recorded, while the other great Lamellicorn groups, so much more numerous amongst the sect populations of most regions of the earth, are either completely absent or represented only by species of very wide dis- tribution, which may be supposed to have been introduced in comparatively recent times, probably by human agency. ‘The, in several cases, too successful establishment of those immigrants, which have become serious pests, shows that there are no local conditions inimical to their kind to account for the deficiency. The explanation is probably to be found in the fact that while the LucantDAE pass their early stages in rotting wood, the Scarabaeid Lamellicornia nearly all do so underground, so that the ocean, which may have brought the former in drifting logs from other shores, formed an impassable barrier to the latter, until surmounted by human agencies. The four apparently indigenous species of LucaNIDAE have developed no very strongly marked differential features, and, although suggesting a fairly respectable antiquity for the fauna, do not afford ground for regarding it as other than comparatively recent. As to the origins of the beetle-fauna, although some of the numerous widely- distributed constituents, such as Adoretus versutus, Oryctes rhinoceros and Oxycetomia versicolor, appear to have come from Asia, so far as can be judged from this part of the fauna it owes very little to Asiatic elements. A consider- able proportion of the species are completely cosmopolitan, but a fair number 35 36 INSECTS OF SAMOA. are not known to occur outside the Samoan Islands. This may to some extent be due to the very insufficient state of our knowledge of the insects of other Polynesian islands, but it can scarcely be doubted that each group of islands, if not each island, has many beetles peculiar to itself. The affinities with dis- tant regions apparently indicated by the study of the present collections would perhaps be rendered less striking by fuller knowledge of the faunas of the other island groups. For example, five minute insects here recorded, Sacium angusticolle, Psammoecus pallidipennis, Litargus vestitus, Propalticus oculatus and Orphinus terninalis, have been previously reported only from the Hawaiian Islands. Until it is known in what other islands these may also be found, it would no doubt be possible to attach too great importance to this seemingly remarkable distribution. Certain indications of American influence must also be mentioned. The occurrence of a single example of Tenebroides mordax, a species only found previously in Costa Rica, might have been regarded as accidental had it been unaccompanied by any other facts pointing in the same direction; but no suspicion can be attached to the Aphodiid Ataenius orbicularis, numerous specimens of which have been taken by various collectors, and which, originally described as peculiar to Samoa, has since been found to be a Central American species. Again, Hystricones vagans, an insect of minute size but with well-marked generic features, here described and figured for the first time, is attributed to a genus of which the only other known species is found in Central America. Two other species which also make their first appearance here, Colydodes samoensis and C. denudatus, similarly belong to a Tropical American genus.