^ xzr ,0± m< ^ TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL IOWA YEAR BOOK OF AGRICULTURE ISSUED BY THE IOWA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 1921 ^^r Published by THE STATE OF IOWA Des Moines LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL OFFICE OF IOWA STATE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Des Moines, Iowa, July 1, 1922. To His Excellency, N. E. Kendall, Governor of Iowa: Sir: I have the honor to transmit herewith the Twenty-sec- ond Annual Iowa Year Book of Agriculture for the year 1921. ARTHUR R. COREY, Secretary State Board of Agriculture. I. INTRODUCTORY The true value of this Iowa Year Book of Agriculture can hardly be grasped except in the light of the twenty-one volumes which have pre- ceded it. Taken as a single unit this book gives a clear and concise cross section of all the activities and achievements of the farmers in what is now the greatest agricultural state in the Union. Taken as a group, the twenty- two volumes tell a wondrous story of the rise of a great people — the development of these trackless rolling prairies into the most fertile lands upon the face of the globe. The mere contrast of figures from these seemingly dull pages points new vision to the still greater future and more abundant prosperity which lie ahead for Iowa, "Land of Plenty." - xi 7, STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE 1922 EX-OFFICIO MEMBERS N. E. Kendall, Governor of State Des Moinea R. A. Pearson, President Iowa State College Ames R. G. Clark, State Dairy Commissioner Des Moines Peter Malcolm, State Veterinarian Des Moines OFFICERS C. E. Cameron, President Alta J, P. Mullen, Vice President Fonda A. R. Corey, Secretary Des Moines F. E. Sheldon, Treasurer Mt. Ayr DISTRICT OFFICERS First District — H. O. Weaver Wapello Second District — E. T. Davis Iowa City Third District — Earl Ferris Hampton Fo2irth District — E. J. Curtin Decorah Fifth District — Cyrus A. Tow Norway Sixth District — T. C. Legoe What Cheer Seventh District — C. F. Curtiss Ames Eighth District — J. C. Beckner Clarinda Ninth District — C. E. Hoffman Atlantic Tenth District — Sears McHenry .Denison Eleventh District — H. L. Pike Whiting The President, Vice President, Secretary and Treasurer are elected for one year. Terms of the Directors for odd numbered districts expire second Wednes- day in December, 1923. Terms of Directors for even numbered districts expire second Wednesday in December, 1922. STANDING COMMITTEES Executive C. E. Cameron J. P. Mullen A. R. Corey Auditing H. L. Pike E. T. Davis Sears McHenet Resolutions E. J. CuRTiN H. 0. Weaver T. C. Legoe Poivers and Duties of Board C. E. Cameron J, P. Mullen A. R. Corey Sears McHenry C. F. Curtiss Adulteration of Foods, Seeds and Other Products R. A. Pearson C. A. Tow R. G. Clark Noxious Weeds. Fungus Diseases in Grains, Grasses, Etc. Earl Ferris E. T. Davis Dairying and Dairy Products R. G. Clark C. F. Curtiss Sears McHenry Animal Husba^idry C. P. Curtiss E. T. Davis Peter Malcolm Legislative C. E. Cameron J. P. Mullen A. K. Corey H. O. Weaver E. J. Curtin Revision of Premium List C. E. Camekox J. P. Mullen A. R. Corey T. C. Legoe C. F. Curtiss H. L. Pike INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS Alfalfa crop of 1921 (map).... 698 Barley crop of 1921 (map) 690 Cattle- Angus, first aged herd 259 Angus, first prize calf 257 Angus, grand champion bull 256 Hereford, champion bull senior calf 254 Hereford, first aged bull 252 Polled Shorthorn, grand champion bull 247 Shorthorn, first graded herd ......249 Shorthorn, grand champion bull 245 Corn crop of 1921 (map) 686 Creamery butter banner won by Iowa 447 Hay (tame) crop of 1921 (map) 695 Hay (wild) crop of 1921 (map) 696 Horses — Belgian, grand champion stallion 226 Percheron, grand champion stallion 223 Shire, reserve and grand champion stallion 230 Shire, senior champion .stallion 229 Oats crop of 1921 (map) 687 Potato crop of 1921 (map) 697 Rye crop of 1921 (map) 694 Spring wheat crop of 1921 (map) 689 Swine — Chester White, grand champion boar 285 Chester White, junior and senior champion boar 286 Duroc Jersey, first senior yearling boar 283 Duroc Jersey, grand champion boar 282 Hampshire, grand champion boar 289 Weather — Precipitation for 1921 in Iowa (map) 639 Prevailing winds in Iowa (map) 639 Rainfall for July, 1921, in Iowa (map) : 655 Tornado paths for 1921 in Iowa (map) 640 Winter Wheat crop of 1921 (map) - 688 TABLE OF CONTENTS Letter of Transmittal ixtroductory State Board of Agriculture Standing Committees Index to Illustrations Table of Contents Iowa's Source of Wealth PART I. Proceedings of State Board of Agriculture and of Executive and Special committee meetings from January 4, 1921, to December 16, 1921, PART II. Proceedings of State Agricultural Convention, December 14, 1921. PART III. Proceedings of Twelfth Annual Meeting of the Iowa Fair Managers' Association, December 13, 1921. PART IV. Iowa State Fair and Exposition, 1921. Official Live Stock Awards and other departments, and press reports of the fair. PART V. Report of the Iowa Farm Bureau Federation and of the annual con- vention. PART VI. State Dairy Commissioner's report for the year 1921. PART VII. Excerpts from the Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Corn Belt Meat Producers' Association held in Des Moines. PART VIII. Annual Report of the Iowa Weather and Crop Service Bureau for 1921. PART IX. Farm Statistics for the year ending December 31, 1921. Collected by township assessors and reported to the Department of Agriculture by the County Auditors; compiled by the Iowa Weather and Crop Service Bureau. PART X. Statistical Tables of Iowa's principal farm crops. Also statistical tables of farm crops and live stock by states, the United States and the World. IOWA'S SOURCE OF WEALTH DECEMBER 31, 1921. Compiled for the Iowa Year Book of Agriculture from Estimates Furnished by the Iowa Weather and Crop Service, showing Acreage, Average Yield and Total Yield of Farm Product*. Crop C?om Oats Spring wheat Winter wheat Barley Rye Flaxseed Timothy seed _. Clover seed-- Potatoes Hay, tame, excluding alfalfa... Hay, wild Alfalfa Pasture and grazing, estimated. Ensilage, estimated Sweet corn, commercial crop Pop corn, estimated- Buckwheat, estimated Fruit crop, estimated- _ Garden truck, estimated - Miscellaneous, estimated. Acres 10,330,000 5,960,000 114,000 465.000 166.000 39.544 10.840 243,000 125.000 96,500 2.961,000 475.000 187,000 10,035.000 207.000 15.000 13,000 5,000 Average yield 43.0 bu. 26.0 bu. 10.3 bu. 19.2 bu. 23.5 bu. Gross value Ave. per Total yield price acre Total value 16.1 8.7 4.47 bu. 1.6 bu. 43.0 bu. 1.39 tons 1.16 tons 2.97 tons 444,190,000 155.077,000 1,174,000 8,928,000 3,901,000 636,657 94,300 1,086,000 200,000 4,149,500 4,104,000 551,000 555,000 $133,257,000 35.667,710 1,021,380 8.035,200 1,638^420 464, 7t^ 144,279 2,508,660 1,944,000 5,809,300 37,264,320 4,115,970 7,170,600 55,794,600 •4,140,000 325,500 858,520 68,500 4,000,000 3,000,000 2,380,710 Total value not including live stock products for the year, 1921 $305,459,429 Dairy products (estimated) $151,022,000 Poultry and eggs (estimated) ._ _ 51,540.000 Wool, 4,500,000 lbs. at 17 cents. - 765,000 8.00 tons 3.1 tons 26.0 bu. 15.0 bu. 1,656,000 46,500 338,000 75,000 $0.^0 0.23 0.87 0.90 0.42 0.73 1.53 2.31 9.72 1.40 9.08 7.47 12.92 5.56 2.50 7.00 2.54 0.73 $12.90 5.98 8.96 17.28 9.87 11.75 13.31 10.33 15.55 60.20 12.62 8.67 38.37 "20'00 21.70 66.04 11.70 Total value of farm products „ -._ _ $508,786,429 NUMBER, AVERAGE VALUE AND TOTAL VALUE OP LIVE STOCK DECEMBER 31, 1921. Figures taken from estimates made by United States Department of Agricultvure. Number Average value Total value Horses 1,278,000 $73.00 $ 93,294,000 Mules — — 79,000 78.00 6,162,000 Milk cows 1,093.000 53.00 57,929,000 Other cattle __. 3,134,000 29.60 92,776,000 Swine _ 7,546,000 11.00 83,006,000 Sheep 854,000 5.40 4,612,000 Total value of live stock — $337,779,000 Total value of farm products and live stock $846,565,429 ♦I'or irrain only; does not include approximately 40,000 acres used for pasture. PART I Synopsis of Proceedings of the Iowa State Board of Agricul- ture and Executive and Special Committee Meetings for the Year 1921. SPECIAL COMMITTEE MEETING Sioux City, la., January 4, 1921. The committee, consisting ol' Cameron, Mullen, Curtin and Corey, met at Sioux City with representatives from Minnesota and South Dakota State Fairs and the Sioux City Interstate Fair for the purpose of form- ing the Iowa-Minnesota and S'outh Dakota Racing Circuit, and to arrange the speed programs. The committee also met with the Northwest Iowa County Fair Racing Circuit Tuesday evening. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING. January 6, 1921. Members present, Cameron and Corey. The purpose of the meeting was to meet with a committee consisting •)f Major E. E. Lambert, Colonel Guy S. Brewer and Lieut. Colonel Cor- nell, representing the Adjutant General's office, to discuss the possibility of using a part of the horse barns on the state fair grounds for quarter- ing one or two companies of cavalry; also quarters for officers and men. The committee was taken to the fair grounds and shown the horse barns and quarters that might be available for the men, should a satis- factory arrangement be made with the board for the use of same. The executive committee also attended the Iowa Polled Hereford Breed- ers' sale in the new sale pavilion, this being the first sale held in the new sale pavilion. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING. January 12-13, 1921. Committee met with Cameron, Mullen and Corey present. The committee visited the fair grounds and checked up the work on the sale ring. ""'■'<" committee directed the superintendent of grounds to have the city ^iped to the dining room in the new cattle barn, and to install hot wa.ei boiler and range. The committee authorized payment of bills. 2 TWENTY-SECOND-ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART I MEETING OF THE STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. February 1, 1921. The meeting was called to order at 10:30 a. m. by President Cameron. The following members responded to roll call: C. E. Cameron, J. P. Mullen, A. R, Corey, W. W. Morrow, H. O. Weaver, E. T. Davis, E. M. Reeves, E. J. Curtin, C. A. Tow, C. F. Curtiss, F. E. Sheldon, Sears Mc- Henry and H. L. Pike. Mr. B. W. Garrett, Clerk of the Supreme Court, administered oath of office to Mr. T. C. Legoe as director of the State Board of Agriculture from the sixth district. The secretary read the minutes of the board and committee meetings, commencing with the minutes of the State Agricultural Convention held on December 8th and concluding with the executive committee meeting on January 12-13. On motion, the minutes were approved as read. Dr. Peter Malcolm, State Veterinarian, appeared before the board and explained the effect of rule 18, adopted by the Animal Health Commis- sion. Rule 18 reads as follows: Iowa State Fair and Exposition — Cattle Department. All cattle presented for exhibition at the Iowa State Fair, or at any fairs held within the State of Iowa shall be either from a tuberculosis- free accredited herd or they shall have passed a satisfactory tuberculin test and found to be free from tuberculosis not more than ninety day.s prior to the opening date of exhibition at such fairs. Mr. Mullen moved that this rule be published in the regular premium list, preceding the cattle department. Second by Mr. Tow. Motion car- ried. The matter of appropriations to be asked of the Thirty-ninth General Assembly w^as discussed by the board. The secretary presented an item- ized statement, showing that the cost of the ^ew cattle barn to date and the necessary amount to pay the balance on the cattle barn and to install window regulators and ladies' toilets, amounted to $212,532, or $62,532 in excess of the state appropriation. Also a statement showing that the forty acres of additional land purchased during the year 1919 for the addi- tion to the state fair grounds cost $58,513 or $4,513 in excess of the state appropriation. Also a statement showing the amount of the city assess- ment for grading, paving, opening East University Avenue and oiling Dean Avenue, for the years 1919 and 1920. This statement showed the total assessment to be $23,774. Of this amount, $8,701 had been paid from state appropriation by the Thirty-eighth General Assembly, leaving a balance due of $15,073. These matters were discussed at length and it was the opinion of the board that the Thirty-ninth General Assembly should be asked to reimburse the department for the state fair funds invested in the cattle barn and also the additional land. They were also of the opinion that the General Assembly should be asked to appropriate a sufficient amount to take care of the city assessment for paving, etc.. assessed against the state fair grounds. The item of $2,960 assessed PROCEEDINGS STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE 3 against the state fair grounds for opening East University Avenue was discussed. Inasmuch as this improvement does not abut upon the state fair grounds, the board questioned whether the state had the right or had established the policy of paying such assessments. The board was of r.he opinion that if East University Avenue was opened from East Ninth Street to the state fair. grounds that the state fair grounds would be one of the big benefactors in the improvement and should pay a rea- sonable assessment for same. Mr. McHenry moved that the executive committee confer with the attorney general and ascertain what attitude the state has taken regard- ing assessments of this nature, where the improvement did not abut or greatly benefit the state property assessed, and that the committee be governed by the recommendation of the attorney general's department. Motion seconded by Mr. Reeves, and carried. The secretary presented the following communication from the Col- lector of Internal Revenue, regarding the taxability of admissions to agricultural fairs, etc.: "Upon further consideration of the subject of the taxability under sec- tion 800 of the Revenue Act of 1918, of admissions to agricultural fairs, particularly admissions to 'customary fair features,' as defined in article 46 of Regulations 43, revised. Part 1, and St. Mini. 2250, it is held: "(1) That the term 'customary fair features' shall embrace any feature that is a customary adjunct to or part of an agricultural fair, irrespective of whether or not the feature in itself is primarily directed to the ad- vancement of agriculture. "(2) That amounts paid for admission to any such feature of an agri- cultural fair are entitled to exemption under the provisions of section 800 (b) of the Act, provided such feature is conducted by the agricultural fair association itself with the entire receipts, after deducting reasonable expenses, inuring to the exclusive benefit of the fair association; and provided further, that such receipts are not distributed to the stock- holders or members of the fair association. "Collectors of Internal Revenue will be governed by the foregoing in determining the taxability of admissions to all attractions or features offered in connection with agricultural fairs. St. Mini. 2250 and all other rulings or instructions in conflict with the position of the department, as above outlined, are hereby revoked. "Please acknowledge the date of the receipt of this letter by return mail. "PAUL MYERS, "Acting Commissioner." Under this ruling, the secretary was instructed to file an application for abatement of tax assessed on admissions to night show in front of the grand stand, amounting to $4,403.99. The secretary also brought to the attention of the board the matter of tax on ice cream sold by the dairy department in the agricultural build- ing during the 1920 Iowa State Fair, which amounted to $594.32. Also the ruling of the Internal Revenue Department on this matter under date 4 TWENTY-SECOND-ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART I of January 28th. The Revenue Department held that this tax should be collected from the customer and, therefore, was not being demanded of the state. Therefore, the tax should be paid. Mr. Davis moved that the tax on ice cream sales, amounting to $594.32, be paid. Seconded by Mr. Sheldon. Motion carried. The board adjourned to attend the National Polled Hereford Breeders' sale in the new sale pavilion at the state fair grounds. Prior to this date, the board had extended a personal invitation to each member of the legislature to attend this national sale, so that they might become fully informed as to the facilities provided in the new cattle barn and sale pavilion. TUESDAY AFTERNOON, 4 P. M. The board convened at the office of the Department of Agriculture with all members present, except Escher. Mr. Mullen moved that the president and secretary be directed to draw an order on the Auditor of State for $2,400, state aid for the support of the Department of Agriculture; also for $1,000 for insurance and repairs, as provided by section 1657-T. Seconded by Mr. Pike. Motion carried. The board discussed at some length the recommendations of Governor Kendall relative to reorganizing a number of the state departments, con- templating the increasing of the duties of the State Board of Agricul- ture. The board came to no conclusions regarding these recommenda- tions, but decided to ask Mr. E. H. Cunningham, secretary of the Iowa Farm Bureau Federation, and Mr. Charles D. Reed, director of the Iowa Weather and Crop Service Bureau, to meet with the board at 10 o'clock, Wednesday, February 2d. The board adjourned to meet at 9 o'clock, Wednesday, February 2d. MEETING OF THE STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. February 2, 1921. The board was called to order at 9:30 a.»m., with President Cameron presiding. The following members answered to roll call: C. E. Cam- eron, J. P. Mullen, A. R. Corey, W. W. Morrow, H. O. Weaver, E. T. Davis, E. M. Reeves, E. J. Curtin, C. A. Tow, C. F. Curtiss, F. E. Sheldon, Sears McHenry and H. L. Pike. In accordance with the previous arrangements, Mr. E. H. Cunningham, secretary, and Mr. Whitted, publicity manager, of the Iowa Farm Bureau Federation, appeared before the board. Mr. Cunningham stated that he did not know what attitude the present legislature would take regarding the recommendations of Governor Ken- dall, calling for the reorganization of certain state departments and en- larging the duties of the State Board of Agriculture. He stated, however, that, insofar as the Farm Bureau was concerned, they were especially interested that the necessary means be provided for collecting, tabulat- ing and disseminating promptly the farm crop and live stock statistics. He stated that the statistics now collected by the State Department of PROCEEDINGS STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE 5 Agriculture through the township assessors were the only authentic and reliable statistics available, but on account of no appropriation being made to take care of the proper auditing of the county auditor's reports and tabulating these statistics in the department, they were published so late that they were almost worthless. He stated that the Farm Bureau would favor legislation providing for an additional appropriation to pro- vide the necessary help, either in the Department of Agriculture or in the Weather and Crop Service Bureau, which is a division of the Depart- ment of Agriculture, to handle these statistics promptly and efficiently. They would also like to have the Weather and Crop Service Bureau given the necessary help so that they might extend their estimates to all classes of live stock, instead of confining their estimates to farm crops, as they do at the present time. Mr. Reed also appeared before the board and stated that at the present time they were handicapped on account of the limited amount of help provided for taking care of the work in the Weather and Crop Service Bureau. He outlined a plan whereby the Weather and Crop Service Bureau might handle the statistics collected through the township as- sessors; also a plan for making an estimate on the number and value of live stock on farms at least twice a year. He emphasized the fact that the law should be so amended as to provide a penalty in case any one failed to answer the inquiries asked by the township assessors. And provision should also be made to have the township assessor's books accompany the county auditor's reports, so that the latter reports might be audited and verified. He made the following recommendations which he thought were necessary to take care of the additional work: Make the representative of the United States Bureau of Crop Esti- mates assistant director, and pay him, in addition to the salary paid by the government, the sum of $1,080 per year. Increase the director's salary from $1,800 to $2,520. Provide for one chief clerk at $1,800 per year; one stenographer and clerk at $1,200; one clerk at $1,200; addi- tional clerical hire, $800; traveling expenses, $1,400; making a total of $10,000 annually. These matters were discussed at length by the Board, Mr. Cunningham, Mr. Whitted and Mr. Reed and they came to the conclusion that before any action was taken in this matter, they should get in touch with the chairmen of the committees on departmental affairs in both the house and senate. They arranged for a conference at the Savery Hotel at 7:30 with Senator Anderson and Representative Gilmore, chairman of the committees on departmental affairs in the senate and house; also Mr. Cunningham, Secretary of the Iowa Farm Bureau Federation. The board designated the executive committee, Mr. Weaver and Dean Curtiss to represent the board at this conference. Wednesday, 1:30 P. M. Mr. F. B. Paddock, J. D. Seaman, R. S. Herrick and B. A. Brown, representing the Beekeepers Association, appeared before the board and presented the following recommendations for the honey and bee depart- ment. They suggested that the classifications should be thoroughly re- 6 TWENTY-SECOND-ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART I vised and that the premiums be increased approximately fifty per cent. They stated that the present value of the bees in the state of Iowa was approximately $2,250,000 and the equipment necessary to producing the annual crop is estimated at $750,000, making a total of $3,000,000 in- vested in the industry, and that the Iowa Beekeepers produce over $1,000,000 worth of honey annually. They also pointed out that the other state fairs in adjoining states offered a much more liberal classification for honey and bees. They also asked that a superintendent be placed in charge of this department and that definite shipping instructions be printed in the premium list. REVISION OF PREMIUM LIST The next order of business was the revision of the premium list and the president called upon the superintendent of the horse department for his recommendations. HORSE DEPARTMEXT Mr. Curtiss, superintendent of the horse department, submitted a com- plete revision of the classification for the horse department, which called for the following increases: Percheron, $210; Belgian, $245; draft mares and geldings, $155; saddle horses, $510; Welsh ponies, $50; Shetland ponies, $50; Hackney ponies, $50; ponies in harness, $50; ponies under saddle, $25; mules, $10. Making .a total increase of $1,355. The $500 increase in the saddle horse division is to be offered for a junior stake with an entry fee 2 per cent of the stake. CATTLE DEPAKTMEXT Mr. H. L. Pike, Whiting, Iowa, stated that inasmuch as the Shorthorn and Hereford Associations were offering the special money this year on a basis of $3 state fair money for each $2 association money, it would be necessary to make increases in these divisions. Mr. Pike recommended the following increases: Shorthorn Division, $2,500; Hereford Division, $1,750. In the Angus Division, drop amateur class and leave the open class at $3,600, same as in 1920. This would call for an increase of $100 on account of the Angus Breeders' Association cutting their appropriation from $1,200 to $600. Mr. Pike also recommended that all amateur classes be discontinued and that the following new classes for Iowa cattle be offered: Iowa Herefords, $800; Iowa Holsteins, $800; Iowa Guernseys, $800; Iowa Jerseys, $800. Mr. Pike also recommended that $250 be added to the class for Milking Shorthorns in order to meet the offer of the American Shorthorn Breed- ers' Association to contribute $500 to this class. He also recommended that the class for two-year-old steers be discontinued. The total increase recommended in the cattle department amounts to $5,800. PROCEEDINGS STATE BOARD OF ACxRICULTURE 7 SWIXE DEPARTMENT Mr. Tow, superintendent of the swine department, called the board's attention to the resolution adopted by the Swine Record Associations. This resolution provides that for all special money, including futurities, over and above the regular classification, the Record Associations will contribute dollar for dollar in these special classes. Mr. Tow moved that the state fair offer, over and above the regular classification for futurities and other specials, not to exceed $250 for any one breed, this to be offered on a basis of $1 fair money to $2 association money. Motion seconded and carried. DAIRY BUILDIXG Mr. Barney, superintendent of the dairy department, appeared before the board regarding the matter of a new dairy building on the state fair grounds. He stated that the dairy industry now represented more than $150,000,000 and that Iowa was one of the very few states that had no building on the state fair grounds. He further stated that the dairy in- terests of the state had endorsed the proposition for a new building. He further stated, however, that it was very evident that but few appropria- ions for new buildings would be made at this session of the legislature and rather than take a small appropriation, which would not provide an adequate building, that it might be well to let the matter go over until the next session of the legislature, but felt that the matter of a new dairy building should be the next improvement asked for. Mr. Curtin moved that owing to the high cost of building materials and the condition of the state's finances at this time that the matter of appro- priations for a new dairy building be deferred. Motion seconded by Mr. Sheldon and carried. SHEEP DEPARTMENT No recommendations were made for a change in the classification for the sheep department, with the exception that the Iowa Fleece Wool Growers' Association made a request that a classification calling for $396 be offered for the wool exhibit. Of this amount, the Association will con- tribute $150. This would call for an increase of $146 on the part of the state fair management. Mr. Helser requested that two county booths in the agricultural building be set aside for the wool exhibit. POULTRY DEPARTMENT The revision of the Junior poultry department calls for an increase of $175. This increase is due to the fact that commission firms offered approximately $250 in specials in this department in 1920 and it was not deemed advisable to solicit this special money for the 1921 fair. AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT The recommendations of the committee appointed by the county agents to make certain recommendations regarding county agricultural exhibits were read. Mr. Weaver stated that there was considerable expense in collecting the necessary material and putting up a good county exhibit and that he felt the county agents could not do their counties justice 8 TWENTY-SECOND-ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART I unless there was quite a liberal increase in tlie amount of premium money offered. Therefore, he recommended that the amount to be added for each county exhibit scoring in excess of 500 points be increased from $200 to $300. The recommendations of the Iowa Beekeepers' Association were again called to the attention of the board. Mr. Weaver recommended that $125 be added to the bee classification and he also indicated to the board that he would arrange with some member of the Beekeepers' Association to serve as assistant superintendent in charge of the honey and bee depart- ment. IIOKTICULTUKAL DEPARTMENT Mr. Reeves, superintendent of the horticultural department, stated that he desired to make very few changes in the horticultural department. He recommended that a grand sweepstake prize of $5 for the best plate of apples in this show be added and that a slight increase be made in the classification for nuts. TEXTILE AND CHINA DEPART:MENT Mr. Legoe, superintendent of the textile and china department, recom- mended that a third premium on household fabrics, quilts, etc., and a third premium on economy classification be added. Also that a third prize be added to the professional class and the amateur class for hand-painted china. He also recommended that in the class for bead and stencil work but two premiums be offered. Mr. Legoe also requested that the superintendent of the grounds go over the exposition building before the next state fair and make the necessary repairs so that the doors may be securely locked. HORSESHOE PITCHING CONTEST Mr. Davis moved that $300 be appropriated for the horseshoe pitching contest for 1921 and that the winner in this contest at the 1920 fair be barred from competing. Seconded by Mr. McHenry. Motion carried. Mr. Mullen moved that inasmuch as this completed the revision of the premium list and that all of the recommendations of the superintendents had been gone over carefully and agreed upon, that the recommendations as made by the different superintendents in regard to revising the pre- mium list be approved. Seconded by Mr. Pike and carried. ADMISSION FEES The admission fees at the outside gates, grand stand and horse show were discussed by the board and, while no action was taken, it was the concensus of opinion of the board that the admissions should remain the same as at the 1920 fair. exhibitors' tickets The board discussed at length the feasibility of providing exhibitors with a ticket which would permit them to enter the grounds more than once each day. Mr. Curtiss moved that the coupon exhibitors' tickets be issued again PROCEEDINGS STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE 9 this year, bearing the notation thereon that if the holder wished to enter the grounds more than once each day, his photo pasted on the inside front cover of the ticket would admit him at the outside gate upon his signing a readmission statistical check after the coupon for that day had been taken up. APPROPRIATIONS The matter of appropriations to be asked of the Thirty-ninth General Assembly was discussed at length. Mr. Davis moved that the Thirty-ninth General Assembly be asked to reimburse the Department of Agriculture for funds used in completing the cattle barn, amounting to $62,532; for purchasing additional land in excess of state appropriation, $4,513; to pay city assessment for paving, etc., $15,073. Seconded by Mr. McHenry, and carried. The claim of F. E. McCarthy for a refund of concession paid for space in the exposition building was brought to the attention of the board by Mr. Legoe. Mr. Legoe moved that the sum of $25, or one-half of the concession, be refunded to Mr. McCarthy, with the understanding that this was in full settlement of his claim. Seconded by Mr. Davis. Motion carried, MEETING OF THE STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE February 3, 1921 The board was called to order at 9:30 A. M. with President Cameron presiding. The following members responded to roll call: C. E. Cam- eron, J. P. Mullen, A. R. Corey, W. W. Morrow, H. O. Weaver, E. T. Davis, Elriier M. Reeves, E. J. Curtin, Cyrus A. Tow, T. C. Legoe, F. E. Sheldon, and Sears McHenry. The secretary presented the following statement showing the cost of advertising the 1920 fair and the budget recommended for advertising the 1921 fair. 1920 1921 Advertising Cost Budget Country newspapers $ 5,614.19 $ 6,000.00 Plate for country newspapers 1,784.67 1,700.00 Des Moines daily papers 5,405.72 6,000.00 Daily papers outside Des Moines 904.95 1,000.00 Agriculture and live stock papers 1,736.07 1,700.00 Horse papers 501.09 500.00 Miscellaneous papers 172.50 175.00 Director of Advertising salary, 5 months 833.34 833.34 Assistant during fair ' 100.00 100.00 Clerk and stenographer, salary 5 months 625.00 625.00 Printing Greater Iowa 688.65 688.00 Hangers and window cards 767.57 1,000.00 Billboard paper 154.00 160.00 Billboard service 1,168.90 1,200.00 Distributing advertising matter 166.50 165.00 Auto road map advertising 150.00 50,000 advertising heralds 613.50 600.00 Daily programs 90.65 80.00 10 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART I Photographs 261.75 175.00 Cuts, electros 196.34 200.00 Art work, drawings 157.00 165.00 $22,092.59 $23,066.00 Mr. Legoe moved that the advertising budget calling for $23,066 for advertising the 1921 fair, as outlined by the Secretary, be approved. Motion seconded by Mr. Weaver, and carried. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING February 4, 1921 Members present: Cameron, Mullen and Corey. In accordance with the instructions of the board, the committee pre- pared the bill providing for an appropriation to reimburse the depart- ment for funds invested in cattle barn, additional land and also funds to take care of the paving assessment against the state fair grounds. The committee met with Representative Knickerbocker and Senator Wichman and they agreed to introduce the bill in both House and Senate. The committee had a conference with Mr. Henry Deets, who according to previous arrangements, was employed to succeed Mr. James H. Deemer as superintendent of the Iowa state fair grounds March 1, 1921. His compensation was fixed at $150 a month. He was also granted the fol- lowing privileges, which were to be construed as a part of his salary: The use of the custodian's house on the state fair grounds, the privilege of keeping not to exceed two cows, one hundred chickens, and use of down wood for fuel. Also the garden plat near the custodian's house. SPECIAL COMMITTEE MEETING Auditorium Hotel, Chicago, February 13-17. In accordance with previous arrangements, special committee consist- ing of Cameron, Mullen, Corey and Director Curtin, met at the Auditorium Hotel, Chicago, February 13th to 17th inclusive. The committee attended the following meetings: International Motor Contest Association, the organization controlling dirt track automobile racing at the various state fairs, Monday, February 14th; meeting of the Great Western Circuit, lowa- Minnesota-South Dakota Racing Circuit, American Trotting Association, on Tuesday, February 15th; the attraction meeting of the International Association of Fairs on Wednesday and Thursday. February 16th and 17th. The committee formed the lowa-Minnesota-South Dakota Racing Cir- cuit, consisting of the following members: Mississippi Valley Fair & Exposition, Iowa State Fair, Minnesota State Fair, South Dakota State Fair, Interstate Fair, Sioux City. It was agreed that each member would formulate their own program and submit a copy to Secretary Mcllvaine. It was also agreed that the Circuit Ad. should be carried in The Horse Review and in The Western Horseman. PROCEEDINGS STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE 11 The committee closed the following contracts: F. M. Barnes, Inc., twelve hippodrome acts for eight days, $8,500. Ruth Law's Flying Circus, to put on the following flights each day: First flight, Ruth Law doing wing walking and other stunts, including looping the loop on the top wing of airplane. The second flight to consist of a man changing from an automobile to an airplane from a race track, and doing acrobatic stunts on the plane in flight. The third flight to consist of a night flight, looping the loop and other fancy flying with fireworks attached to airplane, eight days, $7,000. Thearle-Duffield Fireworks Co., night show in front of the grandstand for seven performances of the spectacle known as "Montezuma," $10,000. Thaviu and his Band, consisting of thirty-seven people, including A. F. Thaviu, director, four singers and thirty-two musicians, seven days, $4,500. International Auto Racing Association for guaranteeing the appearance of eight racing cars and eight professional drivers to participate in auto races on Friday, August 26th, and Friday, September 2nd, $3,000. " J. Alex Sloan, to guarantee the appearance of six cars and six pro- fessional drivers to participate in the automobile races on Friday, August 26th, and Friday, September 2nd, and for the exhibition of auto polo twice daily August 26th to September 2nd, inclusive, $5,000. The committee also closed a sharing contract for the Clarence A. Wortham Shows, to consist of not less than twenty shows and six riding devices, the fair to receive thirty per cent of the gross receipts taken in at all shows and rides. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING February 18-19, 1921 Members present: Cameron, Mullen and Corey. The committee conferred with the sub-committees to whom were re- ferred the bill providing for an appropriation to reimburse the depart- ment for funds invested in cattle barn, additional land, etc. Also the committee to whom was referred House File No. 488, by Long, and Senate File No. 428, by Cessna. The request of Charles C. Deering, chairman of the committee on ar- rangements for the National Shrine Convention, for the use of the grand- stand and race track on Thursday, June 16th, and for the use of the camp grounds for camping purposes, and machinery hall for storage of automobiles during the Shrine convention June 14th to 16th, inclusive, was granted by the committee with the understanding that the State Board of Agriculture would be reimbursed for any expense they incurred on account of placing chairs in the grandstand and cleaning up the grounds. The committee also authorized the secretary to purchase five barrels of linseed oil at 78c per gallon, one drum leptune at 55c per gallon, one barrel of sunproof outside white at $3 per gallon. 12 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART I EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING March 8-9-10-11, 1921 The committee met with Cameron, Mullen and Corey present. The proposition of Ed. M. Williams, Des Moines, Iowa, to furnish 100 two and two and one-half inch elm trees planted on the fair grounds and guaranteed at $2 each, was submitted to the committee by Mr. Foglesong, the landscape architect. The committee authorized Mr. Foglesong to order a sufficient number of trees to plant one row on the parking from Grand Avenue gate to Uni- versity Avenue, and on the parking of University Avenue from E. 30th to 33rd Street. Also one row inside the fence from the Grand Avenue entrance to University Avenue. Also one row on the north side of the street running from the street car entrance to Rock Island Avenue. The proposition of Walter Raub to put on balloon ascensions during the fair was brought to the attention of the committee. The committee authorized the secretary to make a contract for these ascensions covering seven days of the fair for the sum of $400. The following bids were received for printing the 1920 premium list: 12,000 copies 15,000 copies Campbell Printing Co $2,671.00 $3,157.00 Homestead Printing Co 2,475.00 2,895.00 The Dalton Press 3,584.00 4,424.00 Register and Tribune 3,294.00 3,867.00 The Doty Publishing Co 2,595.00 3,038.25 The committee authorized the secretary to award the contract to the Homestead Printing Co. on their bid of $2,475 for 12,000 copies. The committee appointed the following superintendents: Poultry Department — V. G. Warner, Bloomfield. Rabbit Department — Frank L. Eastwood, Des Moines. Boys' and Girls' Club Department — F. P. Reed, Ames. Boys' and Girls' Judging Contest — P. S. Shearer, Ames. Art Exhibit — Prof. C. A. Gumming, Des Moines. Public Health Department — Dr. G. H. Sumner, Des Moines. Baby Health Department — Mrs. Edna M. Wallner, Atlantic. Domestic Science — Miss Neale S. Knowles, Ames. The secretary was also instructed to communicate with the president of the State Federation of Women's Clubs as to their choice for chair- man of the program committee that will have charge of the program carried on in the auditorium of the women and children's building. The committee's attention was called to the propositions submitted by the Duroc Jersey, Poland China, Chester White and Hampshire Record Associations regarding the futurities and special prizes. The secretary was directed to write these associations that the board had already made an appropriation of $250 as their contribution to these futurities, and the committee was not in position to make any change in this appropriation. The committee's attention was also called to the fact that the Belgian PROCEEDINGS STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE 13 Association had cut their appropriation from $200 to $100 for the Belgian futurity. Inasmuch as the board has been appropriating $2 for each $1 added to these futurities by the record associations, the secretary was directed to cut the appropriation in the Belgian futurity from $400 to $200. Professor Earle, superintendent of the junior poultry department, asked that the fair provide a banner in the junior poultry department for the county making the largest showing of poultry. This suggestion was approved by the committee and the secretary was directed to arrange for the banner. On the recommendation of Mr. Pike, superintendent of the cattle de- partment, the secretary was authorized to increase the class for Brown Swiss cattle from $855 to $1,000. Also offer $200 in an Iowa class for Red Polled cattle, providing the Iowa Red Polled Cattle Club will con- tribute $100 to this class. Also $150 for a county Guernsey herd, pro- viding the Iowa Guernsey Breeders' Association will secure contributions to this class amounting to $150. The secretary was authorized to secure wholesale prices on a low down grader to be used on the track, streets and for levelling new ground. The secretary was also authorized to sign a note as secretary of the Iowa department of Agriculture for $3,000, funds to be deposited to W. W. Morrow, treasurer account, to take care of the running expenses of the department until funds are available from the state appropriation now pending in the legislature. The committee conferred with Major Lambert and also C. F. Curtias, superintendent of the horse department, relative to the use of the horse barns on the state fair grounds by two companies of cavalry. The com- mittee came to the conclusion that the accommodations to be offered the cavalry would not be safisfactory. Therefore, they did not deem it ad- visable to make a proposition to Major Lambert for the use of the barns. The committee also conferred with Henry Deets, superintendent of grounds, regarding the pay of men to be employed at the grounds. Also the work that should be done early this spring. The committee was of the opinion that the superintendent should be able to hire men and teams for $6 and $6.50 a day; common carpenters, $4.50 per day; roof painters, $4 per day; common labor, $3.50 per day; truck driver, $4 per day. Mr. Deets was instructed to grade and seed the parkings on E. 30th from Grand Avenue to University Avenue; also along University Avenue. Also open new driveway off of University Avenue at 33rd Street to residence. Also grade and seed the new ground around the residence. He was also instructed to open the ditch around the inside of the race track and to grade and seed the center field that has been cut up by the show ring. The committee also approved the following speed program which had been agreed upon by the committee during the circuit meeting at Sioux City and also at the Auditorium Hotel in Chicago: 14 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART I DAILY SPEED PROGRAM Friday, August 26 FULL PROGRAM OF AUTOMOBILE RACES Saturday, August 27 Iowa State Fair Futurity No. 6, trotting division (estimated) $1,000 Iowa State Fair Futurity, No. 6, pacing division (estimated) 400 One mile run, added money 250 Six furlong run, added money 200 Five furlong run, added money 150 Four and one-half furlong run, added money 150 Monday, August 29 2:13 pace, "The Hawkeye," added money $1,500 2:13 trot, added money 1,000 2.: 09 pace, added money 1,000 One mile run, added money 250 Five furlong run, added money 150 Tuesday, August 30 2:14 trot, "The Western," added money $1,500 2 : 25 trot, added money 1,000 2:16 pace, added money 1,000 Free-for-all pace, added money 1,000 Six furlong run, added money 200 Four and one-half furlong run, added money 150 Wednesday, August 31 2:16 trot, added money $1,000 2 : 10 trot, added money 1,000 2:20 pace, added money 1,000 Western Breeders' Futurity, trotting division (estimated) 800 One mile run, added money 250 Five furlong run, added money 150 Thursday, September 1 2:20 trot, added money $1,000 2:11 pace, added money 1,000 Western Breeders' Futurity, pacing division (estimated) 400 Six furlong run, added money 200 Five furlong run, added money 150 Four and one-half furlong run, added money 150 The committee appeared before the agricultural and the appropriations committee in the House and also the appropriations committee in the Senate for the purpose of giving the committees information regarding the bills pending before the legislature affecting the Department of Agri- culture and the state fair. The committee also considered the numerous propositions on file for bands to play at the state fair this year. No action was taken. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING March 15-16-17, 1921 The committee met with Cameron, Mullen and Corey present. The secretary brought to the attention of the committee, the corre- spondence with the National Duroc-Jersey Record Association, the Chester 1 PROCEEDINGS STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE 15 White Swine Record Association and the Poland China Promotion Club, exhibitors and breeders regarding the futurities at the 1921 fair. Tlie secretary was instructed to write the inquiring exhibitors and breeders that the board was not cutting the appropriations in any of the swine divisions but would offer the same amount as last year. He was also instructed to write the record associations, stating that the appropriation of $250 for these futurities was the final proposition to be made by the Iowa State Board of Agriculture. The secretary was authorized to rent the two acres of ground outside of the fence and south of the old game farm to Mr. Nichols for the sum of $20, to be paid in advance. Rule 64 of the premium list regarding newspaper subscription solicitors working on the state fair grounds was brought to the attention of the committee. The committee decided to amend this resolution requiring each solicitor to put up a $50 cash deposit at the time he is assigned space, the same to be forfeited if he leaves his booth or violates any of the provisions of rule 64. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING March 24-25, 1921 Members present: Cameron, Mullen and Corey; also Directors Weaver, McHenry and Legoe. The secretary was directed to communicate with Mr. Curtin for the purpose of determining upon the amount of the bid to be submitted for the Western Breeders' Futurity to be raced this year. The secretary informed the committee that there were certain changes and repairs to be made at the custodian's residence on the fair grounds. This to include basement under the kitchen, new floor in kitchen, paper- ing all rooms on the first floor and constructing a new back porch. He also suggested that the summer kitchen be removed and used for toilet in camp grounds or for some other purpose. The committee authorized these changes and repairs and authorized the superintendent, Mr. Deets, to proceed with the work. Prof. C. A. Gumming, superintendent of the art department, was author- ized to make a trip to St. Louis during the art show for the purpose of selecting the pictures to constitute the loan exhibit for the Iowa State Fair. His railroad fare and traveling expenses to be paid by the fair management. The committee approved payment of bills. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING April 5-6-7-8, 1921 The committee met with Cameron, Mullen and Corey present. The officers of the Des Moines Driving Club conferred with the com- mittee regarding the use of the grandstand and race track on June 16 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART I 13-14-15. They informed the committee that the club had elected the following officers: F. G. Warden, president; George A. Wilson, vice pres- ident; L. Rood, secretary; John F. Griffin, treasurer. They informed the committee that they had thirty-five signers to the guaranty list for $100 each. The following proposition was made for the use of the grandstand and track for the three days' race meeting; $100 a day, and the fair manage- ment to take care of all expenses of putting the chairs in the grandstand, working track, etc.; or The Driving Club to pay the actual expenses the fair management is to on account of putting on the race meeting, and 10 per cent of the net receipts. The committee also had a conference with the Shrine executive com- mittee regarding putting on a train wreck at the fair grounds on Wednes- day, June 15. The committee was informed that the Des Moines Driving Club had arranged for the use of the track on June 13-14-15 and if their committee could make arrangements with the Driving Club for putting on the train wreck after the races on Wednesday, it would be agreeable to the fair management. It was further understood, however, that grounds, buildings and all property was to be left in as good condition as before the train wreck was put on; that the Shrine committee would be expected to pay any expense the fair management might incur in making these repairs and arrangements to take care of the crowd. The secretary was authorized to purchase fifty large fiy traps at 75c each. The secretary was also authorized to purchase sixty rods of the 58-inch and forty rods of the 28-inch American field fence from the fish and game department. The committee approved payment of bills. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING April 22-23, 1921 Members present: Cameron, Mullen and Corey. The secretary informed the committee that the boy scout executives of the state of Towa had named the following committee to take charge of the boy scout camp during the Iowa State Fair: Chairman, John L. Anguish, Fort Dodge; J. C. Cunningham, Ames, and Frederick G. Davie, Des Moines. The committee proposed to establish a boy scout camp during the state fair and to have not less than thirty troops of eight boys each, accom- panied by a leader or scout executive. The committee also suggested that they would be glad to take entire charge of the ushering in the grand- stand and live stock pavilion, using the scout executives at the foot of the stairways to take the tickets and direct the boys. They also indicated that they would be glad to put on a short boy scout demonstration in the stock pavilion each evening preceding the horse show. In return for this service, they would expect free admission for PROCEEDINGS STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE 17 the scout executives, leaders and boy scouts and would also accept any contribution to their mess fund that the board might decide upon. The executive committee decided to submit a proposition to the boy scout committee, providing for free admission for the leaders and boy scouts, and also for a contribution to the mess fund amounting to $30 for each team of eight boy scouts and leader, with the understanding that they were to perform the services outlined above. The following rule was adopted for the state horseshoe pitching con- test: Frank Jackson of Kellerton, Iowa, 1920 state champion, will con- test for the 1921 championship with a member of the winning team in the tournament, best three out of five games of 21 points each, for a purse of $50 and a medal to the champion. The present state champion is excluded from participating in the 1921 state tournament. The following propositions for bands during the period of the state fair were brought to the attention of the committee: Fort Dodge Military Band, twenty-five pieces, August 26 to September 2, inclusive, $2,120. Fischer's Burlington Band, twenty-five pieces, August 26 to September 2, inclusive, $2,200. ■ Morgan's Rainbow Division Band, thirty pieces, August 26 to September 2. inclusive, $2,500. Argonne Post Band, thirty-one pieces and four singers, August 26 to September 1, $1,822. Henry and His Band, thirty-four pieces, August 26 to September 1, $1,914. Josephine Harper, twelve-piece girls' orchestra, August 26 to Septem- ber 2, inclusive, $275. Winterset Boy Scout Band, sixteen pieces, August 26 to September 2, inclusive, $350. The secretary w^as directed to close contract for the Fort Dodge Mili- tary Band for an engagement August 26 to September 2, inclusive, for the sum of $2,120. Also Josephine Harper's Twelve Piece Girls' Orchestra for the full period of the fair, for $275. The secretary was also directed to secure a proposition for Morgan's Rainbow Division Band for two days, August 26 and 27; also a proposition from the Argonne Post Band, August 28 to September 2, inclusive. Mr. Charles Pye, secretary of the Iowa State Teachers' Association and Mr. Welch, director of the school exhibits department at the Iowa State Fair, submitted a proposition to the executive committee for bringing out a more comprehensive consolidated school exhibit. They informed the committee that the National Educational Association Convention, which will convene in Des Moines July 4-8, is planning on a very extensive con- solidated school exhibit. They proposed that if the state fair management w'ould pay the freight on such exhibits as would be suitable for the state fair, that they would arrange to have a committee pick out these exhibits and see that they were delivered to the state fair grounds immediately after the Teachers' Convention. They would also arrange for a committee to install these exhibits at the fair. 18 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART I Inasmuch as the rules of the school exhibits department provide that the state fair management will pay the freight on all school exhibits, the committee accepted this proposition. The president and secretary signed vouchers for the state appropriation made available by House File No. 451 for city assessment for paving, $11,779.94; for repairs and improvements to buildings on state fair grounds, $12,500; balance due on purchase price for additional land, $4,513. The committee approved payment of bills. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING May 4-5, 1921 Members present : Cameron, Mullen and Corey. The committee authorized Mr, Foglesong, landscape architect, to pur- chase not to exceed $250 worth of shrubbery for planting around base of permanent buildings and perennials to be used in a hedge on either side of the walk leading to the women and children's building. The secretary was authorized to purchase a new Underwood typewriter at a cost of $102.50 less 10 per cent. The arrangements with the Driving Club and the Executive Committee of the Shrine for putting on a train wreck at the fair grounds was dis- cussed by the committee. It was decided that inasmuch as neither the Driving Club nor the Shrine were assuming any responsibility on account of the train wreck, or to place the grounds in the same condition they were before the show was put on, Mr. Connolly and Mr. Snyder, who are promoting the train wreck, be required to deposit $1000 in cash to the credit of the department pay roll account as a guarantee, and to be used in placing the grounds and buildings in the same condition they were in before the show was put on, with the understanding that after all bills for replacing the grounds, etc., in condition were paid, the balance is to be returned. On account of Senate File No. 567 making an appropriation of $7,500 annually to be drawn and expended upon the order of the Director of the Weather and Crop Service Bureau, approved by the Secretary of the Department of Agriculture, and the Joint Resolution passed by the Thirty-ninth General Assembly failing to fix the salaries and make distri- bution of these funds, the Executive Committee recommended to the Committee on Retrenchment and Reform that the salary of the director and help be fixed as follows: Minimum Maximum Director, salary (in addition to $1,080 per annum paid to him by the United States Government) $1,800 $1,800 Statistician 1,400 1,800 Clerk and stenographer 1,200 1,200 Clerk 960 1,200 Clerk hire, miscellaneous (might all be used in two or three months, mostly in checking assessor's books) 800 800 Miscellaneous expenses (balance of appropriation not itemized above) PROCEEDINGS STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE 19 The committee also adopted the following rule which shall be optional with exhibitors in the minor departments where they make entries for less than $10 in premiums, whether they purchase an exhibitor's ticket or not. The following propositions were brought to the attention of the com- mittee for band engagements at the fair: Argonne Post Band, thirty-one pieces including director, seven days, August 27 to September 2 inclusive, $1,630. Morgan's Rainbow Division Band, thirty pieces, August 26-27, $1,000; three days, August 26-27-28, $1,400. T. Fred Henry, two eight-piece orchestras, one seven days and one six days, $916. The committee also held a conference with Mr. E. T. Davis, superin- tendent of the public safety department, and discussed the plans for this year's fair. It was decided that Mr. Davis should hire twenty-five mounted men to be used as fence riders and for taking care of traffic on the prin- cipal streets. Also sixty-five foot men for other police duty. The mounted men to be paid $5 per day with feed for their horses; the foot men $4 a day. Sleeping quarters, for all men, equipped with cots and mats to be furnished by the department. The committee visited the fair grounds and instructed Superintendent Deets to make the following repairs and improvements: Paint roof and metal cornice on horse barn. Also roof of stock pavilion, administration building and brick dining halls. Paint frame building used for blacksmith shop. Also vaudeville stages. Have the gravel roof on the swine barn, brick horse barn and porches of administration building repaired. Put a new shingle roof on the girls' dormitory, and patch the shingle roof on the boys' dormitory and the boys and girls' club building. Also patch shingle roof on speed barns. Change grade in entrance at E. 30th street and University avenue, so that water will not stand in entrance. Put in new wing fence at University avenue entrance, and paint metal gates. Have three-foot cement sidewalk laid from University avenue to new residence. Repair fence south of street car entrance. Rebuild light line on Grand avenue. Also place all wires crossing race track and center field under ground in conduit. Repair woven wire fence around outside of race track. Also steel fenc- ing in front of grand stand and bleachers and at each end of paddock. Build an addition on south side of postoffice about 12 by 14 feet for storing mail, etc. The committee also decided to put up a permanent fence around back part of fair grounds. Also construct a fence running north and south just east of Seick Tent &, Awning Warehouse, and poultry building, and to use the camp grounds and back part of the grounds for pasture. The superin- tendent was instructed to pasture stock at the following rates: Horses, $3.50 per month; cows, $3 per month; cattle under one year old, $2.50 per month. The committee approved payment of bills. 20 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART I EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING June 4=5-6, 1921 Members present: Cameron and Corey. The purpose of the meeting was to meet the executive committee in charge of the first reunion of the 88th Division. The committees met at 10 a. m. Sunday, June 5, in the lounge room of the Chamber of Commerce. The plans for holding the reunion at the state fair grounds w^ere fully dis- cussed by the members of the two committees. The following proposi- tion was made by the executive committee of the state fair: The state fair will set aside the camp ground site occupied by the 168th Regiment in 1917, consisting of about fifteen acres of ground for the reunion camp site, carry water into the camp grounds and extend the water line down the main street through the camp. Also extend the light- ing system into the camp site, provide three additional toilets, provide a ticket with a coupon for each day including Sunday, August 28, the ticket not to be transferable, and good for re-admission at the outside gates upon signing statistical check after coupon has been used. Tickets to be sold by the registration committee at $1 each. All tickets are to be turned over to the registration committee and receipt taken for the same. At the close of the fair, all unsold tickets are to be returned and all tickets used to be paid for by the registration committee. The state fair is also to provide one thousand one-half sheet posters. The assembly tent at the head of Grand avenue is to be available for meetings on Friday, Saturday and Sunday; the stock pavilion to be available on Friday night, August 26. The Argonne Post Band to be subject to the orders of the reunion com- mittee on Friday, Saturday and Sunday, August 26 to 28 inclusive. One box containing ten seats in the grandstand is to be assigned to the visit- ing army officers for afternoon and evening Friday and Saturday. The state fair is also to provide garbage cans and haul away all garbage. The executive committee, in charge of the reunion, agreed to lay out the camp ground site, assist in locating water lines, light poles, etc.; also to arrange for tentage, cots, and blankets free of charge for all men in the camp; to be responsible for an accounting and sale of all tickets turned over to the registration committee; to participate in a review on Legion Day, Saturday, August 27. The secretary was authorized to order two 12-foot gates for draw gates at race track; also two 12-foot park gates and one garden gate to be placed at new entrance near 33rd and E. University avenue. The secretary also presented the proceedings of the Middle West Fair Circuit meeting held at Kansas City on May 21. The secretary was authorized to join this circuit, and remit the dues, amounting to $100, same to be used in advertising the circuit in farm and live stock papers and also for employing a traffic manager to assist the live stock exhibitors making the circuit. The committee authorized C. F. Curtiss, superintendent of the horse department, to attend the South Shore Country Club show on June 9 and 10 for the purpose of soliciting entries for the Iowa State Fair Horse Show. PROCEEDINGS STATE BOARD OF ACxRICTTLTURE 21 The committee arranged for a meeting of the executive committee and also Directors Sheldon and Curtin for Monday, June 13. The committee approved payment of bills. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING June 13-16, 1921 Members present: Cameron, Mullen and Corey; also Directors Sheldon and Curtin. The secretary brought to the attention of the executive committee the contract submitted by the Des Moines Electric Company. The contract provides for a sliding scale based upon the cost of coal. Also that the state fair should take over all of the wire, pins, insulators, etc., owned by the Des Moines Electric Company for supplying power and light to exhibitors and concessionaires on the state fair grounds. An inventory of this property on May 5, 1921, placed a value on same of $950.78. Under the new contract the management of the state fair is to provide three large transformers at the transformer station of sufficient capacity and voltage to step the current down from 13,200 to 2,300 volts. Also the necessary transformers for stepping down the current from the primary lines over the grounds from 2,300 to 110/220. The committee approved the contract as submitted by the Des Moines Electric Company and authorized the secretary to purchase their wire and other equipment at the grounds at the price indicated in the inventory of May 5. The secretary was also authorized to submit the following bid on trans- formers located at Camp Dodge: Prim. Sec. No. Make Type Size Volt Volt Bid 3 Pittsburg 5367 350 KVA 13,200 2,300 $1,500 15 Gen. Elec -.H&A 5 KVA 2,200 110/220 150 1 Gen. Elec H 71/2 KVA 2,200 110/220 15 8 Gen. Elec H «& A 10 KVA 2,200 110/220 160 5 Gen. Elec H 15 KVA 2,200 110/220 150 2 Pittsburg HE 10 KVA 2,200 110/220 40 5 Pittsburg HE 20 KVA 2,200 110/220 200 4 Pittsburg HE 15 KVA 2,200 110/220 120 6 Maloney HE 15 KVA 2,200 110/220 180 1 Maloney HE 37i^KVA 2,200 110/220 75 11 Maloney HE 10 KVA 2,200 110/220 220 3 Maloney HE 20 KVA 2,200 110/220 120 1 Gen. Elec H 2 KVA 2,200 110/220 5 $2,935 The committee directed the superintendent of grounds to move the summer kitchen back of farm house to a point near the entrance of the county agents and farm bureaXi camp, the same to be used as headquarters for the farm bureau and county agent camp. The committee also directed the superintendent of grounds to move the small building formerly used as a blacksmith shop to a location at the north end of the 88th Division camp grounds and convert same into a 22 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART I men's toilet. Also to move the old ice house to a point agreed upon at the east side of the 88th Division camp and convert same into a ladies' and gents' toilet. Also build a men's toilet at the south end of the 88th Di- vision camp grounds about 16 by 24 feet. The superintendent of grounds was also instructed to extend a li/4-inch water line and the necessary light lines into the 88th Division camp grounds. The committee and Mr. Sheldon, superintendent of the admissions de- partment, discussed at length the advisability of constructing a seven-foot wire fence setting off the camp grounds from the main portion of the fair grounds and putting in admission gates for the purpose of collecting ad- missioin from campers and doing away with the morning round-up in the main camp grounds. The plan contemplated automobile gates and turn stiles on Grand avenue, on the road running south of the poultry building and on the road leading into the exhibitors' camp grounds south of the boys' dormitory. Campers' tickets are to be accepted for admission at these gates. Pass out checks, good only at camp ground entrance, to be issued to all parties, leaving the main portion of the grounds, who wish to return the same day. Upon motion duly made and seconded, the secretary and superintendent of grounds were directed to build a fence and install the turn stiles, gates, etc., as outlined above. Those voting yes were Mullen, Corey and Sheldon. Voting no, Cameron. The secretary and superintendent of grounds were directed to employ a foreman and electricians through the Des Moines Electric Company for rebuilding the Grand avenue light lines and also for laying the under- ground cable to the center field of the race track. Also to make such other repairs to the light lines as may be necessary, and to hang the new transformers. The secretary was authorized to order 250 twelve-foot five-inch top cedar posts; 180 rods of specification "K" Ell wood fence; 160 rods of 26-inch specification ''K" Ellwood fence, for building the camp ground fence. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING . June 28-29-30, 1921 The committee met with Cameron, Mullen and Corey present. The committee authorized the purchase of the lumber in eight band stands used by the Executive Committee of the Shrine during the Shrine Convention, for the sum of $200. The committee authorized the purchase of the two pilasters used at the entrance of the Arabian Way on Fifth street and Grand avenue for the sum of $50, the same to be used in building an entrance to the Mid- way on the state fair grounds. The committee visited Camp Dodge and purchased the following equip- ment from the Northwestern Lumber & Wrecking Company: PROCEEDINGS STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE 23 Water pipe to be used in extending water lines into camp grounds to be used for the reunion of the 88th Division. 1200 feet of 1 14 -inch galvanized pipe @ $ .10 per foot $120 600 feet of 1 -inch galvanized pipe @ MV2 per foot 51 900 feet of %-inch galvanized pipe @ .05 per foot 45 $ 216.00 For toilet rooms in cattle barn and boys' dormitory, 20 porcelain toilets complete with all fixtures and seats in good repair 275.00 For ladies' toilet room in cattle barn and girls' dormitory, 3 enam- eled lavatories complete 30.00 Four shower bath outfits complete for bath room in cattle barn, swine pavilion, boys' dormitory and sheep barn at $10 each. . . . 40.00 Seventy screens 3x8-6 for screening in porch of girls' dormitory, at 25 cents each 17.50 Two hot water heaters for shower bath room in swine pavilion and cattle barn: Two 500 gallon hot water boilers 130.00 Two Arco hot water heaters , 100.00 All seats in Liberty theatre built of ll^xl2 clear spruce, approxi- mately 200 sections 20 feet in length, to be used in seating coun- try theatre under grand stand and soldiers' tent and sale ring. . 175.00 Four steam tables to be used in brick dining halls 16.50 Total $1,000.00 The secretary was authorized to purchase twelve 14-inch X-ray pro- jectors at $70.50 each and have same installed in cages under front of grand stand for lighting the two vaudeville stages and race track. The secretary was authorized to order 450 feet of underground cable for carrying electric current into center field of race track. The secretary was directed to make arrangements with Mr. C. C. Leffer, Sigourney, Iowa, to serve as superintendent of the camp ground. The secretary was authorized to arrange with Seth Way, Des Moines, Iowa, to serve as superintendent of the auto parking ground. He to be allowed three men including himself for Friday, Saturday and Sunday; five men, including himself, from Monday until Friday. The secretary was authorized to purchase or have made three low-down one-horse wagons for delivering feed to the horse, cattle and swine barns. The superintendent of grounds was directed to employ a carpenter to reset the two rows of windows in the cattle barn so that they maye be opened in order to provide better ventilation. The superintendent of grounds was directed to employ the necessary plumbers for installing the toilets in the toilet room in the cattle barn and also in the toilet room in the boys' dormitory. Also to install the shower bath outfits in the cattle, swine and sheep barns and in the boys' dormi- tory. The secretary was authorized to order the following flags for the build- ings at the state fair grounds: No. Size 46 4 by 6 150 5 by 8 38 6 by U 3 8 by 14 1 12 by 24 24 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART I The superintendent of grounds was directed to use the old roof stored in the lumber yard in building an addition on the east side of the feed barn. The secretary submitted a proposition made by The Wingate Com- pany for decorating the stock pavilion, agricultural building, machinery hall, show room under grand stand, horse barn, cattle barn, sheep barn, swine barn, exposition building, poultry building, boys and girls' club building and the administration building for the sum of $1,500. The proposition was accepted by the committee and the secretary was author- ized to draw up and sign the contract. The secretary brought to the attention of the committee the proposi- tion made by J. B. Davidson, chairman of the state fair committee, for putting on the country theatre, using one-fourth of the space in the grand stand show room for this purpose. Also building permanent booths for the College Exhibit, the cost not to exceed $500, this to be done with the understanding that the Public Speaking Department of the Iowa State College at Ames would spend not less than $2,000 in putting on the propo- sition, two shows to be given daily. Admission to be free. The committee called upon Colonel Brown, Commander at Fort Des Moines, and discussed the possibility of putting on a review of the cavalry now located at the Fort on Legion Day, Saturday, August 27. Also the possibility of putting on some riding features In the stock pavilion each night during the horse show. Colonel Brown indicated to the committee that he stood ready to cooperate with the fair management in every way possible in putting on a review and also providing features for the horse show. The committee called upon Mr. Edmonds, Manager of the Ford Motor Company, and made him a proposition for the use of Power Hall. The rental to be the same as last year — $1,000. This proposition was made with the understanding that they might exhibit their Fordson Tractors, Ford automobiles and the line of agricultural implements handled by the Ford Motor Car Company. The committee approved payment of bills. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING July 20-22, 1921 Members present: Cameron, Mullen and Corey. The superintendent of grounds was instructed to put in a partition in the ladies' toilet north of the Boys and Girls' Club Building, the west end to be used for ladies and the east end to be used for men. Also move the men's toilet north of the farm barn to the south side of the camp grounds, to be used by the 88th Division. Place a cement floor in the three booths on the east side of the stock pavilion; one to be used as a general stand, one to be used by Dr. Thompson, U. S. Veterinarian; the other one for a dressing room for the band. Take out the stalls in No. 6 horse barn and fix same up to be used as sleeping quarters by the Admissions Department. PROCEEDINGS STATE BOARD OP AGRICULTURE 25 Put ill tables and cooping in the building occupied by the coal exhibit and geological exhibit, same to be used for housing the rabbit show. The committee authorized the secretary to purchase the window regu- lators in the laundry at Camp Dodge for the sum of $100 and to have same installed in the brick cattle barn and the pony and carriage section of the horse barn. Also to purchase electrical equipment, including drops, sock- ets, etc. The secretary w^as authorized to purchase one Close-To-Nature house for the sum of $150 to be paid in three annual installments. The secretary was authorized to order one 10,000 gallon car of oil at 4.92 per gallon and to have same placed on the streets at the fair grounds by the Des Moines Street Department. The committee employed Harry Strandholm as chef for the club dining hall for the sum of $180. The secretary was authorized to purchase a second-hand delivery truck at not to exceed $150. The committee employed Fred Hethershaw to serve as assistant super- intendent of the agriculture department, and also to rebuild and decorate the band stand in the center of the building and to take care of all other grain decorations for the sum of $250. The secretary was directed to sign the contract as submitted by the Des Moines Electric Company for furnishing current at the state fair grounds. Also to arrange with the Des Moines Electric Company or the Quartermaster at Camp Dodge for the loan of transformers to be used on grounds. The committee approved payment of bills. ^ EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING August 4, 1921 Members present: Cameron, Mullen and Corey. The secretary was authorized to order 200 poultry coops for cooping the rabbit show. The secretary was authorized to purchase the Chicago, Great Western building near the Old Mill for the sum of $25. The committee visited the fair grounds and directed the superintendent to make a number of repairs and do such other work as necessary in making preparations for the fair. The committee also discussed at length the plans for the daily program. The committee met with the city council with regard to the street car situation, and also with a committee from the Retail Merchants' Bureau. The committee received very little assurance from either organization that street cars would be in operation during the state fair. The committee approved payment of bills. 26 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART I MEETING STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE Tuesday, August 23, 1921 An informal meeting of the State Board of Agriculture was held in the club dining room Tuesday noon. August 23. The Board discussed the possibility of securing street car service during the period of the state fair. On motion duly made, seconded and carried the executive committee and Director H. O. Weaver were authorized to communicate with Gov- ernor Kendall, F. C. Chambers, receiver for the street car company, and other officials with a view of establishing temporary street car service during the period of the state fair. SPECIAL COMMITTEE MEETING A special committee consisting of the executive committee and Director Weaver communicated with the Governor regarding temporary street car service during the period of the state fair. The Governor intimated his desire to cooperate with the fair management in this undertaking. He communicated with U. S. District Judge Martin J. Wade at the Congress Hotel, in Chicago, indicating his wish and the wish of the fair manage- ment, and arranged for a special committee to meet with him on Wed- nesday, August 24. The committee also ascertained that Mr. F. C. Chambers, receiver for the Des Moines City Railway was in conference with Mr. Harris in Chicago. The committee designated Mr. Cameron and Mr. Weaver as a special committee to go to Chicago and lay the proposition before Mr. Harris and Mr. Chambers and the committee representing the bondholders. MEETING STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE Thursday, August 25, 1921 Board Room, Administration Bldg., 10 A. M. The following members were present: Cameron, Mullen, Corey, Weaver, Davis, Reeves, Curtin, Tow, Legoe, Curtiss, Sheldon, McHenry, Morrow and Pike. The special committee appointed by the Board to negotiate for tempo- rary street car service in brief made the following report: The commit- tee, as requested, proceeded to Chicago and held a conference with Mr. Harris, Mr. Chambers and the chairman of the committee representing the bondholders. The committee placed before these representatives of the street car company the importance of temporary service during the period of the state fair. Mr. F. C. Chambers, receiver for the street car company, communicated with U. S. District Judge Martin J. Wade, and arranged for a hearing on the matter at the Federal Building in Des Moines at two o'clock p. m. Thursday, August 25. The representatives of the street car company indicated to the committee that in their opinion the court would not PROCEEDINGS STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE 27 issue an order for temporary service without some guarantee that the street cars would be operated without loss to the receivers. Moved, seconded and carried that the executive committee and Director Weaver be authorized and instructed to enter into negotiations, with power to act, with Judge Wade and the receiver of the Des Moines Street Railway Company on the basis of giving a guarantee against loss in oper- ating street cars in Des Moines from August 26 to September 2 inclusive, provided said order, when issued by the Federal Judge, shall be in such form as to eliminate all expense except the absolutely necessary minimum expense of operation for said period. SPECIAL COMMITTEE MEETING Thursday, August 25 At two p. m. the special committee met in Judge Wade's court room with Mr. Gamble, attorney for the receivers of the Des Moines City Rail- way, and Mr. E. D. Perry, whom the committee had retained to represent the State Board of Agriculture in the case. At four p. m. the court issued the following order: IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF THE UNITED STATES FOR THE SOUTH- ERN DISTRICT OF IOWA, CENTRAL DIVISION North American Railway Construction Company vs. Consolidated No. 4099 Des Moines City Railway Company, et al. Equity Harris Trust & Savings Bank, Trustee MEMORANDUM AND vs. ORDER Des Moines City Railway Company, et al. A strong- appeal has been made by the officers of tlie state and the di- rectors of the Department of Agriculture for the State of Iowa, that an order be made providing for street car service during tlie state fair. The bondholders have been consulted and in view of the importance of service during the fair, not only to the people of Des Moines, but to the people of the state, it is my judgment that the cars should be operated. Of course, if there should be a deficit in such operation it must be paid by some one. I have no power to require the bondholders to pay any deficit and therefore I only have power to authorize service on condition that if there should be a deficit in actual operating expenses it shall be paid by the Agricultural Association or some others. It is my hope that with the demand for service during the days of the fair enough of money can be collected for fares to pay actual expenses. I am advised that those inter- ested are willing to guarantee any loss in operation. Of course, though, it is impossible to establish more than the minimum service that was in operation at the time of suspension and to avoid any possible misunderstanding the order is made positive that such service shall immediately suspend upon the close of the fair to remain suspended under the order heretofore made pendfng foreclosure. ORDER. And now on this 25th day of August, 1921, in the above entitled cause IT IS ORDERED AND ADJUDGED that the receivers shall as soon as practicable restore the service of the street cars as near as practicable to that which was suspended under order of this court on the 2nd day of August, 1921, such restored service to continue only until the close of the state fair and not later than Friday. September 2nd, 1921. 28 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART I This order is conditioned upon a guarantee to be approved by the Re- ceivers, by some individual or organization to pay to the receivers any defi- cit in actual cost of putting- the cars in operation and operating- the same as herein required. CSigned) Martin J. "Wade, Judge. The committee designated Mr. H. O. Weaver and Mr. E. D. Perry to represent the State Board of Agriculture to cooperate with Mr. Gamble, attoorney for the Des Moines City Railway, in drawing up the agreement referred to in the order of the court, with instructions to try and have same completed to present to the Board meeting at seven o'clock. MEETING STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE Thursday, August 25 Board Room, Administration Bldg., 7:30 p. m. Members present: Cameron, Mullen, Corey, Morrow, Weaver, Davis, Reeves, Curtin, Tow, Legoe, Curtiss, McHenry, Sheldon and Pike. The president requested that the secretary read carefully the order issued by Judge Martin J. Wade providing for temporary street car service during the period of the state fair. The secretary read the order as above. The secretary also read the following contract drawn jointly by Mr. Weaver and Mr. Perry, representing the State Board of Agriculture, and Mr. Gamble, representing the Des Moines City Railway. WHEREAS the Iowa State Agriculture Society has requested the re- ceivers of the property of the Des Moines City Railway Company to oper- ate street car service in the city of Des Moines to and until the close of the Iowa State Fair, on to-wit: September 2, 1921; and T\'HEREAS the Honorable Martin J. "^'ade. Judge, on August 25, 1921, made and entered in Consolidated No. 4099 — Equity, pending in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Iowa, Central Division, an order as follows: — And now on this 2-5th day of August, 1921, in the above entitled cause IT IS ORDERED AND ADJUDGED that the receivers shall as soon as practicable restore the service of the street cars as near as practicable to that which was suspended under order of this court on the 2nd day of Au- gust, 1921, such restored service to continue only until the close of the state fair and not later than Friday, September 2, 1921. This order is conditioned upon a guarantee to be approved by the receiv- ers, by some individual or organization to pay to the receivers any deficit in actual cost of putting the cars in operation and operating the same as herein required. ^VHEREAS the undersigned Iowa State Agriculture Society of the State of Iowa and the undersigned individual members thereof in consideration of the rendition of service as in said order provided are willing to indemnify and hold the said receivers harmless and guarantee them against any loss or deficit in the actual cost of putting the cars in operation and operating the same as in said order provided. NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of premises and rendition of the service by the said receivers of the said Des Moines City Railway Company and the advancement by them of the sums necessary to discharge the ex- pense of such service the undersigned do hereby agree to pay to F. C. Chambers and H. A. Miller, Receivers, promptly upon the rendering of PROCEEDINGS STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE 29 statement to them of the amount of any loss or deficit sustained by them in the actual cost of putting" the cars in operation and operating the same, as in said order provided. Sated at Des Moines. Iowa, this 25th day of August, 1921. STATE BOARD OF AGRICUT^TURE OF THE STATE OF IOWA By C. E. Cameron, A. R. Corey, Its President and Secretary. C. E. Cameron E. J. Curtin J. P. Mullen Cyrus A. Tow A. R. Corey T. C. Legoe AV. W. Morrow C. F. Curtiss H. O. Weaver F. E. Sheldon E. T. Davis Sears McHenry E. M. Reeves H. L. Pike The order and contract were discussed at length by the Board. The possibility of securing liability insurance covering the employes and also public liability was thoroughly discussed and representatives of different insurance companies were called in to the conference. The Board also called into conference Mr. O. H. Bernd, Secretary of the Des Moines City Railway, and the Auditor. Mr. Bernd presented to the Board figures showing that the actual operating expense of the Des Moines City Railway for the last two weeks in July, not taking into consideration taxes and interest on bonds, averaged about $3,600 per day, and that the receipts for the same period averaged about $4,000 per day. Mr. Bernd also stated to the Board that the Des Moines City Railway Company did not carry em- ployes' compensation insurance and also stated that he thought it would be impossible to secure public liability insurance for a street railway company. Mr. McHenry moved that the report of the committee be accepted and that the committee be continued for the purpose of delivering the signed contract to the Des Moines City Railway Company, and for the further ne- gotiations with a view of securing both employes' and public liability in- surance. The officers and members of the State Board of Agriculture signed the agreement as officers of the board and also as individuals. SPECIAL COMMITTEE MEETING Friday, August 26, 1921 The committee delivered the signed agreement to Mr. Gamble, repre- senting the Des Moines' City Railway, and also requested that they take out liability insurance covering all employes of the company. The com- mittee also communicated with a number of insurance companies and made satisfactory arrangements for insurance covering the employes of the company but found it impossible to secure public liability insurance. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING August 20 to September 2, Inclusive The committee held no regular meetings during the period of the fair but handled all matters brought to their attention. The committee also 30 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART I approved payment of contracts and bills which were paid by the secre- tary during the period of the fair. The committee also issued an order to the superintendent of the camp grounds that all platforms that were not occupied by Monday night, the second week of the fair, were ordered released and vacated, and the super- intendent was instructed to permit other campers to occupy same. The committee also authorized an appropriation of $50 for a feature to be put on by the Des Moines Daily Capital, the Daily Capital to contribute an equal amount and give the feature front page publicity Friday, Satur- day, Monday and Tuesday of the fair. The plan provided that the Daily Capital was to have a party on the grounds each day, to be known as the "Money Man." If he was approached by any state fair visitor on the fair grounds and the visitor stated, "You are The Daily Capital Money Man," the visitor to be in possession of a copy of the Daily Capital, the visitor was to be awarded $25 in cash. This award to be made on the four days above mentioned. MEETING STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE Board Room, Administration Building, September 2, 1921 The meeting was called to order with President Cameron presiding. The following members responded to roll call: Cameron, Mullen, Corey, Morrow, Weaver. Davis, Reeves, Curtin, ToV, Curtiss, Legoe, Sheldon, McHenry and Pike. The superintendents of the various departments presented the following payrolls for the approval of the board: Awards department $ 92.00 Rabbit department 85.00 Textile and china department 420.00 Cattle department l,37S.fiR Swine department 848.00 Sheep department 654.00 Property men 447.00 Conce.ssion department 2,825.50 Treasury department 3,007.00 Baby health department 1.272.55 Ticket Auditing- 479.00 Speed department 1,107.00 Horse department 1,753.00 Art department 284.98 Horticultural department 199.11 Poultry department 490.00 Public safety 3,918.00 Machinery department 1,222.42 Agricultural department 91G.31 Admission department 6,134.00 Day nursery 222.00 Dairy department 1,723.69 Campers headquarters 387.00 Boys and girls' judging- contest 102.00 Program committee 1,038.59 Educational department 312.40 Cow Testing Association 171.05 Floricultural department 122.00 Electrical department 175.00 PROCEEDINGS STATE BOARD OP AGRICULTURE 31 Forage department 912.00 Auto parking 280.00 Horseshoe pitching- contest 28.00 Junior department 1,269.65 Live stock sanitation 216.00 $35,092.91 Mr. Mullen moved that the payrolls as presented by the officers and superintendents be approved and that the secretary be instructed to ifesue expense warrants covering the amount of each payroll and deposit same with the Central State Bank to the credit of each superintendent's payroll account, and that the superintendents be authorized to issue pay- roll checks against said accounts. Motion seconded and carried. The following resolution relative to the resignation of Mr. C. H. Turk as assistant superintendent of the machinery department was presented by Mr. Mullen, who moved its adoption. Motion seconded by Mr. Reeves and carried. "Whereas, After twenty-five years of faithful and most efficient service in contributing to the upbuilding of the Iowa State Fair and Exposition, Mr. Charles Turk, assistant superintendent of machinery, has found it necessary to tender his resignation, and "Whereas, This board feels that in the departure of Mr. Turk the Iowa State Fair and Exposition is losing one of the most valued members of its staff and one who has had a large part in the development of the in- stitution, "Be It Resolved, That we, the board of directors of the Iowa State Fair and Exposition, accept with sincere regret the resignation of Mr. Turk and express to him at this time the appreciation which the institution owes him for the many years of efficient service which he has devoted to it with such unfailing energy. (Signed) C. E. CAMERON, President. J. P. MULLEN, Vice President. A. R. COREY, Secretary. "Adopted this 2d day of Sept., 1921, at Des Moines, la." Mr. Corey presented the following petition, bearing the names of stock exhibitors and their families, requesting that hot and cold shower bath and sanitary toilets be installed in the exhibitors' camp east of the swine pavilion; also a cement foundation for the well east of the swine barn. "We, The undersigned wives and families of the stock exhibitors, do respectfully petition our State Fair Association to put in a hot and cold shower bath and sanitary closet in the exhibitors' camp east of the swine pavilion; also a cement foundation for the well east of the swine barn. Respectfully signed, MRS. F. S. TAYLOR, What Che«r, Iowa, (and 107 others)." Mr. Tow recommended that the present toilet and shower bath rooms in the swine judging pavilion be partitioned off, providing showers and bath rooms for both men and women. 32 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART I Mr. McHenry moved that the improvements as requested in the petition and the recommendations made by Mr. Tow be carried out, and that the secretary acknowledge receipt of the petition and report that the board has taken favorable action upon same. Seconded by Mr. Reeves and carried. Mr. Curtiss moved that the State Board of Agriculture express to Colonel Brown and to the Fourteenth Cavalry Troop their cordial appre- ciation of the excellent drills and fine entertainment furnished at the night horse show under the direction of Captain Gerhardt. Alotion sec- onded by Mr. Mullen and carried. It was moved and seconded that the expense of $25.65 for the secretary's meals at the club dining hall be allowed. Motion carried. Mr. Weaver moved that the matter of settlement with the street car company be left in the hands of the executive committee with power to act. Seconded by Mr. Davis and carried. On motion the board adjourned to meet at the call of the president. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING October 7, 1921 Committee met with Cameron, Mullen and Corey present. The committee approved the contract made by the secretary with the Midwestern Racing Association, Roy Welch, manager, for the use of the race track on Saturday, October 8, for the purpose of putting on motor- cycle races. The compensation to be 10 per cent of the gross receipts. The committee met with Major Park A, Findley and Captain Gill, representing the National Guard Cavalry stationed just north of the fair grounds. Major Findley stated that the cavalry would like the privilege of using the stock pavilion as a riding hall during the winter months. The executive committee made a proposition that if they would pay for the light used and one-half the expense of replacing the tan bark in the ring each year, they might have the use of the pavilion without any addi- tional charge. The committee visited the fair grounds and instructed Mr. Deets, su- perintendent of grounds, to enclose the alleyway back of the sale ring as per instructions. This to include raising the brick wall about four feet and placing a floor above the alleyway. The committee also instructed the superintendent of grounds to plow the inside half of the race track and cover same with a good heavy coat of well rotted manure, leaving the outside of the track in good shape for winter training. The committee also discussed the plans for the annual meeting, and it was suggested that arrangements be made for the executive committee to meet the program committee of the Iowa County Fair Managers' Association for the purpose of arranging the joint program. The committee met with Mr. Waymack, managing editor of the Register and Tribune, and Mrs. Schultz, society editor, and other representatives PROCEEDINGS STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE 33 of the Register and Tribune, for the purpose of discussing a plan to select the most beautiful girl in the state of Iowa who is to be queen of the 1922 fair. i ' After a lengthy discussion a tentative plan was agreed upon whereby the Register and Tribune would promote the contest and select the most beautiful girl in each county in the state. From the county winners was to be selected one girl to represent each congressional district. The eleven girls representing the congressional districts to be brought to the Iowa State Fair, and the queen of the fair to be selected from this group of eleven girls. The committee agreed that the fair management would pay the ex- penses of the eleven girls to the fair providing the expenses did not ex- ceed five hundred dollars; the Register and Tribune to pay all other ex- penses and to promote the contest through their daily papers. The committee also discussed the proposition submitted by A. H. Headlough, secretary of the National Horseshoe Pitchers' Association of the United States. The committee agreed that they would recommend that the board appropriate one thousand dollars to be offered for the National Horseshoe Pitching Tournament in 1922 to be conducted at the Iowa State Fair. The secretary was instructed to write Mr. Headlough to forward the contract and also the budget covering the other expenses that the state fair management would be expected to take care of in put- ting on the tournament. MEETING OF AUDITING COMMITTEE October 20, 1921 Members present, Sheldon and Reeves. The committee passed upon all bills that were paid by the secretary, with the approval of the executive committee, since December 8, 1920. The committe also approved payment of all the unpaid bills on file. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING October 21, 1921 Committee met with Cameron, Mullen and Corey present. The executive committee met with the program committee from the County Fair Managers' Association at the Savery Hotel, for the purpose of planning the program for the County Fair Managers' and the State Agricultural Convention to be held in Des Moines on December 13 and 14. The secretary presented to the committee a brief statement showing an estimate of the financial condition of the treasury when all bills were paid. The committee instructed the secretary to withdraw $20,000 from the savings account and place same to the credit of W. W. Morrow, treasurer, account and to take out a certificate of deposit for the $20,000, dating same from October 2. 3 34 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART I MEETING OF THE STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE December 15, 1921 The board convened at 9:30 a. m. with President Cameron presiding. The following members responded to roll call: C. E. Cameron, J. P. Mullen, A. R. Corey, W. W. Morrow, H. O. Weaver. E. J. Curtin, C. A. Tow, C. F. Curtiss, T. C. Legoe, F. E. Sheldon, Sears McHenry and H. L. Pike. The secretary read the minutes of board, executive and special com- mittee meetings, commencing with the board meeting on February 1 at the State Agricultural rooms, and concluding with the auditing commit- tee meeting October 20. On motion of Mr. McHenry, seconded by Mr. Weaver, the minutes were approved as read. The secretary presented a bill of The Homestead Company, amounting to $1,060, for printing the 1920 official catalog; also a bill of $3,857, being final payment due on the contract for completing the cattle barn. Mr. McHenry moved that the Homestead bill in the amount of $1,060 be approved; seconded hy Mr. Pike, and carried. Mr. Pike moved that the final payment of $3,857 on the contract for completing the cattle barn be allowed and a warrant drawn for this amount. Seconded by Mr. Weaver. Motion carried. On motion of Mr. Curtiss, seconded by Mr. Legoe. the board adjourned sine die. The board immediately re-convened and Mr. B. W. Garrett, clerk of the supreme court, administered the oath of office to the newly elected officers and members of the State Board of Agriculture: Cameron, Mul- len, Weaver, Ferris, Tow, Curtiss, Hoffman and Pike. The following members answered the roll call: Cameron, Mullen, Corey. Morrow, Weaver, Ferris, Curtin, Tow, Legoe, Curtiss, Sheldon, Hoffman, McHenry and Pike. The next order of business was the election of a secretary and treas- urer. Mr. W^eaver moved that Mr. A. R. Corey be re-elected secretary and his salary fixed at $4,000 per year as provided by law, and that he be allowed the use of the house on the fair grounds, pasture for a cow, gasoline and up-keep of his automobile to be taken care of out of state fair funds. Also that he be required to give a $10,000 surety bond, the premium to be paid out of the funds of the department. The motion was seconded by Mr. Mullen and carried unanimously. Mr. Mullen then moved that W. W. Morrow be elected treasurer for the ensuing year at a salary of $250 per year and traveling expenses as provided by law, and that he be required to give a personal bond of $100,000. The motion, seconded by Mr. Legoe, carried unanimously. The selection of a superintendent of grounds was the next order of business. Mr. Curtiss moved that the executive committee be authorized to em- ploy a superintendent of grounds on the following terms: Salary, $1,800 PROCEEDINGS STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE 35 a year, use of house, privilege of downing wood, and of keeping three cows and not to exceed one hundred chickens, the State Fair Board to furnish the necessary gasoline and oil for his automobile. Motion sec- onded by Mr. Weaver and carried. Mr. Curtiss moved that the executive committee recommend the super- intendents of the various departments for the 1922 fair. Seconded by Mr. Legoe, and carried. On motion of Mr. Weaver, the dates for the 1922 fair were fixed from August 23 to September 1. Motion seconded by Mr. Tow, and carried. The matter of admission at the outside gates was then discussed at length. Mr. Mullen moved that inasmuch as there is a tendency to go back to pre-war prices and conditions in all lines of business, that the price of admission at the outside gates to the Iowa State Fair be reduced from 75c to 50c. Motion seconded by Sheldon. Upon roll call, the vote was as follo*ws: Ayes, Cameron, Mullen, Corey, Morrow, Weaver, Ferris, Tow, Legoe, Curtiss, Sheldon. Hoffman, McHenry, Pike. No, Curtin. Mr. Curtiss then moved that a season ticket containing ten coupons, not good if detached from the book, be sold at $3.75 up until the opening day of the fair and at $4 after the opening date. Mr. Legoe seconded the motion. Motion lost. It was then moved by Mr. Sheldon, seconded by Mr. Pike, that the board recess until 1:00 p. m. Motion carried. Thursday, December 15, 1:00 p. m. The executive committee recommended that the officers and directors act as superintendents of the department set opposite their name in the following list: Public Safety— Carl Hoffman. Admission— F. E. Sheldon. , Concessions and privileges — Sears McHenry. Live stock sanitation — Peter Malcolm. Horses, ponies, mules — C. F. Curtiss. Speed— E. J. Curtin. Cattle— H. L. Pike. Swine — C. A. Tow. Sheep— E. T. Davis. Implements and machinery — J. P. Mullen. Agriculture, cullinery and apiary — H. O. W^eaver. Dairy — State Dairy Commissioner. Horticulture — Earl Ferris. Exposition building — T. C. Legoe. Mr. Curtin moved that the recommendations for the superintendents of the different departments as made by the executive committee be approved by the board. Seconded by Sheldon. Motion carried. Miss Holden of the extension department of Ames, who has been ac- tively connected with the work of that department put on in the Women and Children's building at the state fair, appeared before the board and 36 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART I outlined a plan for a home demonstration contest to be put on by the different counties of the state, the nature of this contest to be somewhat similar to the county farm exhibits. Miss Holden asked that an appro- priation of $1,050 be made for this purpose. Mr. Curtin moved that Miss Holden's recommendation, asking for an appropriation of $1,050, be not granted, owing to the present financial conditions and the tendency on the part of the board to cut down all ex- penses and appropriations the coming year. Motion seconded by Mullen, and carried. Mr. W. A. Cordingly and Mrs. Schultz appeared in behalf of the Regis- ter and Tribune and discussed at some length the contest planned for choosing the "Queen of the Iowa State Fair." This contest is to be carried out on a more elaborate scale than at first planned and the Regis- ter and Tribune has agreed to offer a prize of $1,000 to the one chosen "Queen of the Iowa State Fair." Mr. Weaver moved that the executive committee be authorized to ap- propriate not more than $1,000 for the entertainment, while at the state fair, of the eleven girls, one to be chosen from each of the congressional districts in the state. The next order of business was the matter of cutting down the ex- penses of the 1922 fair to conform to the anticipated receipts. The secretary presented the following statement and suggestions for consideration of the Board: Members of the State Board of Agriculture: Gentlemen: Your attention has been called to the printed report and financial statement covering the year ending November 30. 1921. The statement shows a balance on hand November 30th of $24,060.02. The outstanding claims against the department Oecember 1st, were as follows: Balance due on cattle barn $3, 857. .3.^ Printing- 1920 official catalog- 1.060.00 Grounds pay roll last two weeks in November 173.00 lyandscape architect, September, October and November.. 125.00 Expense art exhibit 95.00 Balance due on electrical supplies 96.00 Gasoline bill 68.60 Brick for sale ring 60.00 Miscellaneous r.mall claims 261.17 Total T. $5,796.12 ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE DECEMBER 1 Record associations, special premiums $ 627.50 Advertising in premium list 445.00 Cattle sale accounts 271.55 Over-payment of premiums 100.00 Forage bills 60.30 Addressograph sold 63.02 Pasture rent 883.75 Stall rent speed barns 260.00 Storage autos and trucks 232.00 Total $2,943.12 Collections since December 1 577.97 Total $3,521.09 Accounts payable in excess of accounts receivable $2,275.03 PROCEEDINGS STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE 37 Allowing a twenty-five per cent discount on the accounts receivable for bad accounts, and after paying the outstanding bills, there should be a balance for 1922 operations of about $21,000. Your attention is also called to a five-year comparative statement cov- ering receipts and disbursements of the fair, type-written copies of which have been furnished each member of the board; also to the tabulated statement showing the amount of premiums offered and paid during the past ten years. By studying these comparative statements, it will be noticed that the expense of the fair commencing with the year 1917 in- creased by leaps and bounds up until the year 1920. Fortunately the receipts of the fair, during this period of four years, more than kept pace with the expense. This is evidenced by a profit of over $111,000 on the 1920 fair. At the- same time, it cost more to produce the fair in 1920 than in any previous year. Your especial attention is called to the comparative statement in the printed report of receipts and disbursements for the year 1921. It will be noticed that the recipts in practically every department of the fair showed a marked decrease over the previous year. The big reduction, of course, shows up in the admission fees at the outside gate and the day and night grandstand. By studying the comparative statement of the expense of the fair for 1921, it will be noticed that there was very little reduction in any de- partment and no marked increase which cannot readily be explained. By eliminating the one item of $10,682, the decrease in the cost of the forage, the expense of operating the 1921 state fair, other than premiums, was approximately the same as in 1920. On top of this, the premiums paid in 1921 show an increase of $7,807.49 over 1920. By studying the receipts of the fair over a longer period, it is appar- ent that if we will eliminate the two abnormal years of 1919 and- 1920, that the receipts have shown a gradual increase each year. In analyzing the expense of the fair for the same period, it will be noticed that the expense increased from $189,533.38 in 1917 to $299,287.29 in 1920. In 1921 instead of the expense being reduced in comparison with the receipts, it remained about the same as in 1920, after eliminating the difference in the cost of forage. I think it is clear to every member of this board that the expense of the 1922 fair must be adjusted to fit the anticipated receipts. I do not believe that the board should anticipate making a profit on the fair the coming year; neither should we figure on as close a margin as we did during the year 1920. I am assuming that the board will reduce the ad- mission fee at the outside gates from 75c to 50c and leave the admission fee at the grandstand the same as last year. Estimating the attendance at 300,000, or about the same as it was in 1921, this would reduce the receipts from ticket sales about $28,000. I think we should also anti- cipate a decrease in the receipts in practically every department, espe- cially the concession and machinery departments. In conferring with a number of the fair managers in Chicago during the meeting of the International Association of Fairs, there seemed to be 38 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART I a general disposition among the fair men to simply forget about the past three years and to go back to about the year 1918 for a basis of estimat- ing the receipts and for making up the budget for the fairs in 1922. The total receipts of the Iowa State Fair in 1918 were $251,196.62 and the total expense, $202,089.76. The attendance in 1918 was 324,377, which is larger than we should anticipate for 1922. On the other hand, the re- ceipts from several departments should show a sufficient increase over 1918 to offset this difference in receipts and ticket sales. As I have already stated, I do not believe that the board should antic- ipate making any profit on the 1922 fair. Therefore, if the board can arrange their budget of expense for the 1922 fair so that the total cost will be in the neighborhood of $250,000, I believe they would be safe in anticipating that the receipts would take care of the expense. To bring this about, however, it will be necessary for every department superin- tendent to co-operate and share in the reduction. To reduce the expense of the fair in 1922 about $47,000 will require a lot of careful work on the part of some one and I am satified that it can be worked out to the best advantage by adopting the budget system for all pay rolls, premium offerings and other expense of the fair, the budget to be worked out by a committee selected by the board at this meeting. The committee should make up the budget in detail for each department and report to a meet- ing of the board to be called the fore part of February. Mr. Curtiss moved that the executive committee be instructed to limit the expenditures for attractions for the 1922 fair to $30,000. Motion seconded by Mr. McHenry, and carried. The subject of pay rolls for all departments for the 1922 fair came up for a lengthy discussion, and it was the concensus of opinion that there must be a general cut in all departments. The following approximate amount to be expended in each department was agreed upon: COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF EXPENSE OF 1918-1919-1920 AND 1921 STATE FAIRS WITH ESTIMATE OF BUDGETS FOR 1922 1918 Fair Committee meeting- ...$ 1,413.61 Postage 1,543.84 Printing- 5,602.21 Adverti.sing- 16,439.61 Attractions 23,963.93 Auto races 6,300.00 Light and power 1,406.10 Water 605.68 Forage 10,627.73 Salaries, secy.'s office.. 7,531.44 Board meetings 759.20 Decorating- buildings. . 863.65 Police department 8,895.17 Admission department. 3,365.15 Treasurer's department 1,965.75 Concessions dept 2,227.50 Speed department 841.75 Horse department 1,587.20 Cattle department 1,152.98 Swine department 672.20 Sheep department 441.00 Poultry department... 336.50 Machinery department . 841.60 Agricultural dept 689.90 Horticultural dept 220.71 Floricultural dept 168.00 Exposition dept 478.96 1919 1920 1921 Estimated Fair Fair Fair 1922 3,087.65 $ 3,133.56 $ 4,088.77 $ 3,000 1,616.40 1,438.48 1,722.55 1,600 7.411.64 8,53Q.84 10,500.46 • 9,000 17,536.40 22,092.59 23,317.33 20.000 30,267.00 37,506.11 38,348.85 30,000 4,800.00 5,926.25 6,600.00 6,000 1.350.70 1,618.32 2,994.97 2,750 645.75 750.60 694.90 700 15,689.08 20,859.75 10,170.71 9.000 8,568.75 10,576.85 10,793.58 10,750 378.00 373.91 1.299.73 1,000 1,322.68 2,179.00 1,686.50 1,500 8,726.01 5,942.75 4,148.00 4,000 5,409.00 7,298.20 6,321.20 5,500 2,481.82 3,064.28 3,967.82 3,000 2,762.00 3,752.00 3,124.50 2,500 1,084.00 1,219.00 1,316.40 1,000 1,896.71 1,943.00 1,994.55 1,500 1,651.21 1,958.70 1,575.72 1,250 1,046.10 1,260.40 1,019.60 800 501.00 09 7.9 8 G54.00 500 699.85 438.00 490.00 400 1,384.16 1,660.57 1,560.64 1,100 823.00 976.10 1,218.51 1,000 354.55 528.04 407.11 500 153.75 213.70 182.00 793.36 752.11 665.88 ■()66 PROCEEDINGS STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE 39 Educational dept 174 70 334:10 300 Boys and ^irLs' depL.. (122. lo 7Sl.S(i :»6t3.f.>S l,357.(i2 1,000 Ticket auditing- 440.90 395.00 439.00 479 00 350 Art department 223.54 419.00 384.95 284*98 250 Awards department . . . 138.39 211.25 136.00 92 00 100 Property men 226.50 309.85 338.00 447.00 350 Janitors 1,134.00 1,131.70 894.90 786.51 750 W. & C. building- 1,447.94 1,591.94 2.190.12 2,537.00 2 200 Boys' camp 1,958.60 1,938.46 400.00 1,348.00 1 000 Dairy department 1,577.43 2,382.19 2,887.83 1,723 69 1500 riants and flowers.... 587.62 1,505.74 1,735.35 889.07 'SOO Bremium ribbons 1,426.63 1,988.99 2,825.06 2,525.77 2 250 Tents, bedding-, etc 2.207.60 2,391.07 1,986.75 1,135.35 1,000 Cups and medals 683.09 728.23 1,078.83 788.43 850 Signs 452.25 689.83 825.15 746.20 750 Ground supplies 1.132.82 1.160.31 1.285.27 269.58 800 All other expenses 14,538.80 23,476.20 21,434.46 17,087.59 14,000 Total expense $129,739.63 $163,542.19 .1183,667.14 $173,696.43 $147,150 Total premiums 72,350.13 85,538.31 112,620.15 120,427.64 100,000 Total expense of fair . $202,089.76 $249,080.50 .1:299,287.29 $294,124.07 $247,150 Mr. Curtin moved that the premiums in the horse, cattle, swine, sheep departments be cut twenty per cent. Motion seconded by Sheldon, and carried. Mr. Legoe moved that the amount of premiums offered in the educa- tional department be reduced from $1,000 to $800. Seconded by Mr. Tow, and carried. Mr. Weaver moved that the premiums on county exhibits be reduced from $300 to $250, and on the individual farm exhibits from $150 to $125. Motion seconded by Mr. McHenry, and carried. Mr. Weaver called attention to the fact that the Wool Growers' Asso- ciation had made an excellent exhibit this year, but was somewhat handi- capped on account of lack of sufficient space and suggested that a larger space be allowed them another year. Mr. McHenry moved that the exhibit in Floriculture Hall be discon- tinued and that the sum of $500 be appropriated to the horticultural de- partment for a display of gladioli and other seasonable flowers, and that they be displayed and used in decorating the Agricultural building. Mo- tion seconded by Mr. Ferris, and carried. Mr. Curtiss suggested that at the time of the February board meeting the board invite the editors of the local daily newspapers, a committee from the Retail Merchants Bureau, and from the Chamber of Commerce and Gi'eater Des Moines Committee, to a luncheon with a view of gaining greater interest on the part of these organizations in the state fair. Mr. Curtin moved that the action of the executive committee in accept- ing the proposition of the National Horseshoe Pitching Association to bring the national tournament to the Iowa State Fair in 1922 be approved, the state fair board to contribute $1,000 and prepare the courts. Motion seconded by Mr. McHenry, and carried. Mr. Curtin moved that $350 be appropriated for the state horseshoe pitching contest under the same conditions as last year. Seconded by Mr. Mullen, and carried. Mr. Weaver moved that the matter of procuring transformers for the state fair grounds be referred to the executive committee with authority to purchase the necessary transformers. Seconded by Mr. McHenry. Motion carried. 40 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART I Mr. Curtiss moved that all unfinished business be delegated to the executive committee with power to act. Seconded by Mr. Sheldon. Mo- tion carried. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING December 16, 1921 Members present: Cameron, Mullen and Corey. The executive committee instructed the secretary to withdraw $5,000 from the time deposit and place same to the credit of the W. W. Morrow, treasurer, checking account. The committee approved payment of bills which were paid by the sec- retary since the first of December. The secretary was instructed to keep in touch with Lieut. E. E. Jackson of Camp Dodge, with a view of purchasing a number of small transformers to be used at the state fair grounds; also to communicate with General Lasher and the executive council with regard to purchasing the three 350 k.w. transformers located on state grounds at Camp Dodge to be used in the transformer station at the fair grounds. Arrangements were made during the annual meeting for the meeting of the Northwest Iowa Fair Circuit and the lowa-Nebraska-South Dakota Racing Circuit at Sioux City on January 3. The committee authorized the executive committee and Mr. E. J. Curtin, superintendent of the speed department, to attend this meeting. PART II Proceedings of Slate Agricultural Convention Des Moines, Iowa, Dec. 14, 1921 The convention was called to order at ten o'clock a. m., Wednes- day, December 14, 1921, by President C. E. Cameron, in the House Chamber at the State House, Des Moines, Iowa. Vice President J. P. IMuUen : The first number on the program will be the address of President C. E. Cameron. President C. E. Cameron: Gentlemen of the Convention and Members of the Board of Agriculture: We have met again in annual convention to transact the necessary busi- ness of the Society, to greet old friends and to form new acquaintances. As you know, the success of the Department of Agriculture depends somewhat upon the prosperity of the State. During the past season, Iowa has passed through a period of financial depression that has never been equaled, when her granaries are bursting with the products of the soil. We have, it is true, seen close times in Iowa in years gone by, but these have been due usually to a part failure of crops. During the last couple of years we have been stepping too fast and could not bring ourselves to a realiza- tion of the fact that the high prices and good times would not continue. I think now we have reached the bottom and, no doubt, have received a lesson that will be with us for years to come, and that is, — that we must not anticipate too much upon future prospects. I remember a few years ago we were running along so smoothly that we anticipated the receipts of the fair and made permanent improvements on the fair grounds to the amount of forty thousand dollars, and that year was the only one since my connection with the fair that the fair did not pay out. This was in 1915, the year of the heavy rain and wind that blew so many tents down. It looked, after that storm, as if we would not be able to continue the fair, but we did, and when the fair was over and the balance sheet made up, we found that we were five thousand dollars behind on the fair, and forty thousand in the anticipated receipts that we figured on, making a total of forty-five thousand dollars that we were in debt. We could not go to the State to reimburse us, as the State has never appropriated one cent to carry on the fairs. Our credit, however, was good so we went to one of the banks and were told that if we would give our individual note, with all the members signing it, they would let us have the money. This we did, and the next year our profits were enough to take 42 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II up the note. We learned a lesson on anticipated receipts, and as soon as we could we put by a surplus to carry us over, and it was well that we did. At the commencement of the last fair, 1921, we had a forty thousand sur- plus to draw upon, which was very fortunate for us as the fair this year a little more than broke even. There were some improvements on the cattle barn and other buildings that we felt we had to make, so we drew on the surplus to the amount of about twenty thousand dollars, which still leaves us a little over half. It was wise we took this precaution for I do not know of any bank that would advance us the twenty-five thousand dollars at this time. We felt, in preparing for the 1921 fair, that we could not afford to reduce our premiums, especially in the stock and agricultural departments, but rather that they should be increased so as to encourage the exhibitors all we could. This we did, and you, who visited the fair this year, saw the greatest exhibits on our fair grounds that we have ever had. Experts who visited our fair pronounced it the greatest exhibit that was ever shown on any fair or exposition ground, so we felt well repaid for the extra money we added to these departments. While our attendance, in comparison with that of last year, fell off about twenty-three per cent, it was the third largest in the history of the Society. This falling off in attendance was due to several reasons. First, in my opinion, was the low price of farm products, and the tightness of the money market. No doubt, as I have heard a great many people say, the shutting down of the street car service before the fair kept a great number away, and we were not able to make satisfactory arrangements to have the cars run in time to have these people change their minds about coming, so that was the reason they did not attend this year. I may be treading on dangerous ground in making the following state- ment, but it is in my system and I must get it out, and that is relative to the conditions the Iowa farmer is in and I presume the same is true of the farmer in all the other agricultural states. The farmer is the most op- timistic business man. He never shuts down his factory, never calls a strike, and when the government called on him to buy bonds he more than went the limit, and after the Armistice was signed and he was told the condition the world was in and that he would have to produce more than ever before in order to take care of the people in the foreign countries and keep them from starving, he dug in and produced, in the last two years, the largest crops that we have ever raised. With what results? Prices have gone down to one-half the cost of production, the bonds that he bought from the government, and in a great many instances had to give his note for, dropped almost twenty per cent at the same time that the prices of farm products had gone down, and the farmer was in a quandary as to what to do — whether to sell his bonds or his crop. He, at last, decided to sell his bonds, and after the great bulk of them had been disposed of to the capitalist, they commenced to go up and today are worth almost par, and the farmer keeps on producing the necessaries of life at about one-half the cost of production. Would you not call him an optimist in the true sense of the word? PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 43 J presuiiie you are anxious to know of the future. The government is trying to help the farmer along with the heavy burden he is carrying by establishing the War Finance Corporation. This only extends the credits he has already made. What the farmer wants more than anything else is a fair compensation for the work he is doing, and that means a fair price for the crops he is producing. During the war we loaned to foreign countries about ten billion dollars to help them carry on the war and they were to take it all out in munitions and other commodities to carry on the war. Now these countries owe us this money and there has been quite a discussion as to whether they will ever be able to pay this back. They never will unless they are able to work, and they cannot work unless they are fed, but they have no money to buy our foodstuffs, with which our granaries are filled to overflowing. As an illustration, if you have loaned a man a sum of money and you feel that you have loaned him all that he is entitled to, but he comes to you and says that he will have to have a little more to carry him through, you look at it in a business way and, in order to save what you have already invested, you comply with his request. That is just the way I feel about our foreign loans. Let the government advance them another billion, if necessary, to be taken out in farm products. Then they will go back to work and try to help themselves and by so doing will, at the same time, drive away the long faces from the producers of our country, and thus all the people will be benefited, for it has always been said that the prosperity of our country depends largely upon agriculture, and when the farmer is doing well all other lines of business feel the effect. Iowa is all right. It might be said that her land values increased a little too strong during the boom time, but I do not anticipate any great reduc- tion in the price of farm lands, for Iowa has the reputation of never having a crop failure. She always raises more than she consumes and has some to sell, and she will come out of the financial difficulty as did the old salamander out of the fire. The secretary, Mr. Corey, has gotten out a complete report of the 1921 fair, and I am sure we are all pleased with the showing that has been made under the existing conditions. This year this convention is made up of ninety-two county and district fairs with a few members from the county institutes, and I want to give you managers of these institutions a word of encouragement for the coming year. You know there is always a silver lining to every cloud. Go home with the determination to make the 1922 fairs the best in their history, with the least possible expense. President Cameron: The next thing in order is the appointment of committees. I will appoint as a Committee on Credentials, F. E. Sheldon, Mt, Ayr; Roy Rowland, Mahaska; Mose Stanbery, Web- ster. Committee on Resolutions, W. G. Smith, Lyon ; S. D. Quarton, Kossuth; R. S. Johnston, Louisa county. Wq will next have the report of our secretary, Air. A. R. Corey. 44 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II Secretary A. R. Corey: Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of the Convention: For the past two or three years it has been customary for the secretary to have his report printed and distributed at the convention. The same policy has been followed this year, so there is not a great deal for me to say. My report was distributed to the County Fair Managers Convention yesterday. There are just one or two things I would like to say. It was only a few years ago that our Board hoped and anticipated an attendance at the Iowa State Fair of 300,000. That figure was reached in 1918 and in 1919 we went over 400,000. The point I want to bring out is this, the attendance at the Iowa State Fair this year was almost 300,000, which w^as a wonderful attendance considering the population of the city in which the fair is held. In regard to the finances of the fair, as I stated yesterday, after the close of the low-a State Fair and we checked up with the treasurer w^e found out we just a little more than broke even. Some of us thought we had not made a very good showing, but at our convention in Chicago last week we talked with fair managers from all parts of the United States and we rather congratulated ourselves to think we came out with a small balance on the right side of the ledger. One state fair at the national meeting last week reported a loss of $142,000 in operating expenses, and any number of them lost or showed a reduction in receipts over 1920 and some as much as fifty per cent. In my report here I have tried to cover all the different departments of the fair. The itemized financial statement covers all of the receipts and expenditures. There are additional tables covering ticket sales. I have tried to reflect the true financial condition of the fair. There is also published in the back part of this report a copy of the treasurer's report and also a certificate from the bank showing the balance on hand the first of the month. REPORT OF SECRETARY. A. R. COREY. For Iowa Department of Agriculture and the Iowa State Fair and Exposition. For the convenience of the delegates in attendance at the County Fair Managers Convention and the State Agricultural Convention, I am submitting herewith a printed report covering the activities of the State Board of Agriculture for the past year. A complete report covering the work of the Department of Agri- culture will be made in the Iowa Year Book of Agriculture; also a supplement to the Year Book containing the report of the stallion registration division. PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 45 The Thirty-ninth General Assembly increased the appropriation for the support of the Iowa Weather and Crop Service Bureau from $3700 tO' $7500 annually and provided that the farm and crop sta- tistics collected by the township assessors shall be compiled by that Bureau for publication in the Year Book of Agriculture. This change in the law places supervision and compilation of these sta- tistics in the hands of experienced statisticians, and with the addi- tional appropriation makes it possible tO' handle the statistical de- partment in a satisfactory manner. The Department has published bi-monthly the publication known as "Greater Iowa." This publication has a circulation of approxi- mately 18,000, and its purpose has been to^ further the interest of agriculture and live stock in the state of Iowa and give publicity to the Iowa State Fair. The supplement to the Year Book containing a report of the stal- lion registration division ; also a directory of all stallion owners, will be published early in the year 1922. During the period from January 1 to November 1, 1921, the Department has enrolled and issued cer- tificates as set forth in the following tabulation : No. Issued Fees Total Fees Pure Bred Stallions: Original Certificates 306 1,952 466 58 306 50 86 490 132 53 234 55 1 278 $ 1.00 l.OO .50 1.00 1.00 .«, 1.00 1.00 .50 1.00 1.00 .50 .50 1.00 $ 306.00 Renewal Certificates 1,952. CO Transfer Certificates - -- 233.00 Grade Stallions: Original Certificates -— --- 58.00 Renewal Certificates -- 306.00 Transfer Certificates .' - 25.00 Pure Bred Jacks: 86.00 490.00 Transfer Certificates -- - 66.00 Grade Jacks: Original Certificates 53.00 Renewal Certificates 234.00 Transfer Certificates -- - 27.50 Duplicate Certificates issued .50 278.00 Total - - - $ 4.115.00 Deposited with treasurer .J... $ 4,115.00 46 'I'WENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR ROOK— PART II COUNTY AND DISTRICT FAIRS During the season of 1921 ninety-two county and district fairs were held in the state of Iowa and made reports to the Department of Agriculture covering their activities and for the purpose of secur- ing state aid. The state aid paid the fairs this year amounted to $157,690.90. This was an increase of $44,677.66 over the amount paid in 1920. Considering the financial conditions during the past season, the county and district fairs made a very good showing. The efifect of the depression, however, is apparent, both in the attendance figures and the financial results. The total attendance of the ninety-two fairs was 1,476,042 compared with 1,806,033 in 1920. The total paid admissions were 1.209,283 in 1921 and 1,456,755 in 1920. The admissions to the day and night grandstand shows showed a corre- sponding decrease. The total receipts of the ninety-two fairs were $1,275,802.04 com- pared with $1,417,604.46 for the 1920 fair. The receipts from sub- scriptions, stock sold, etc., were $247,559.48 and the balances on hand, at the beginning of the season, $130,191.35, making the total receipts $1,653,552.87. The total expense of these fairs was $1,223,072.66. Indebtedness of previous fairs paid during the current fair, $106,042.12; for im- provements and maintenance, $286,033.04, making the grand total disbursements, $1,615,148.22. Sixty-six fairs show a balance on hand of $88,755.98 as compared with a balance of $162,332.03. Fifty-four fairs showed a profit of $108,234.87 and thirty-eight showed a loss of $55,505.49, leaving a net pro^fit of $52,729.38. These figures take into consideration only the receipts and operating expenses of the fairs. The expense of maintaining the building and grounds and all improvements, and interest on indebtedness must, of necessity, come out of these profits or from funds derived from stock sold, subscriptions or other sources, amounting to $247,559.48. Twenty-one fairs showed over-drafts in the sum of $50,351.33 against over-drafts of $21,285.85 for 1920 fairs. The present inter- est-bearing indebtedness amounts to $1,076,848.45 compared with $901,367.79 at the close of the year 1920. PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 47 Tables 1 and 2 set out the receipts and disbursements of the fairs in detail. Table 3 shows the number of exhibitors at these fairs, the number of head of live stock exhibited in the various departments and the amount of cash premiums paid in each divi- sion. Table 4 shows the attendance, number of paid admissions at the outside gates; also the admission fees charged at the outside gates and grandstand, and the number of admissions to the day and night grandstand performances. The subject of rain insurance has been considered by a great many fairs for the past few years, but up until 1920 not many of the Iowa fairs took advantage of this protection against loss from a rainy week. This year the fairs were asked to make a report on this subject and we find eighteen fairs carried insurance in various forms. The total amount carried was $221,500, the pre- miums paid $18,359.80 and the losses collected by the twelve fairs having rain was $56,811.17. It is needless to say that the rain in- surance business in the state of Iowa was not very profitable from the insurance companies' standpoint. The following tabulation gives a list of fairs carrying insurance, the form of insurance, amount carried, cost of insurance and the losses collected by these fairs : Location of Fair Form of Insurance Carried Amount of Insurance 1 Cost of Amount Carried Insurance Collected Algona Clarinda Deeorah DeWitt Davenport Eldora P^lkader Fairfield Fort Dodge.— Hamburg Independence lExpense of Fair Mason City iTotal receipts ., Manchester Total receipts ,. Osage Expense of Fair Gate receipts $ Gate receipts Expense of Fair Total receipts Total receipts Total receipts Expense of Fair Gate and grandstand Expense of Fair Expense of Fair Perry- Shenandoah... Vinton Webster City. Gate receipts Gate receipts Gate receipts . Total receipts Total $ 11,000.00 ?■■ 880.00 $ 1,450.95 10,000.00 ; 672.00 536.77 .^,000.00 ' 300.00 1.. 8,000.00 40,000.00 940.00 . 5,48S.0O 9. 000.00 8,000.00 35?.00 i_. 7,o:!0.oo 3.50. (;0 !.- 12,000.00 691.00 3,255.04 35,000.00 2,100.00 ll,9i6.(0 fJ.OOO.Ol 540.00 2,5-18.28 .12,0:;0.()0 504.00 6,124.00 12,(00.00 720.00 2,811.00 17,000.(0 1,020.00 5,732.38 6, coo. 00 4,500.0:J 10,000.00 4S0 00 30(t.00 .- 1,344.00 2, 129. EC 12,000.00 1,320.00 9,055.75 (3,000.00 352. SO 2,181.50 .'i:221, 500. 00 i$ 18,359.80 $ 56,811.17 48 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II TABLE NO. 1— RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS OF County, City or Town Receipts Ticket Sales "S -o s fl«G • •-.2 « K S " bo bo U SE §& •SSo T3 V T3 •M *J .2.5 ft es S -o C ,-s g> ^i-o ^ $ 619.38 $ 8,378.55 $ 2,934.45 $ 589.49 % 1.349.00 $ 3,656.76 $ 8,529.70 $ 151.15— 1 367.00 3,654.15 2,263.75 75.00 1,095.00 857.65 4,291.40 637.25— 2 185.00 6,341.40 1,566.75 1,182.26 2,125.00 1,820.18 6,694.19 352.79— 3 99.00 7,933.65 1,678.85 2,963.50 2,400.00 2,312.91 9,355.26 1,421.61— 4 9,666.26 16.344.01 2,624.50 620.00 5,108.91 3,264.94 11,618.35 4,725.66+ 5 987.30 14,331.71 3,607.50 2,745.05 5,432.37 2,283.85 14,068.77 262.94+ 6 14,580.45 50,655.38 14,867.75 6,478.00 17,363.86 38,709.61 11.945.77+ 7 911.50 6,051.50 705.50 ""I'.ml'M 2,230.00 968.99 5,999.49 52.01+ 8 732.62 17,825.40 4,418.90 3,184.50 4,901.65 4,150.35 16,655.40 1.170.00+ 9 121.90 3,264.20 1,397.00 223.60 720.75 1,232.57 3,573.92 309.72— 10 7,236.46 15,288.53 4,943.73 454.61 3,490.00 3,464.30 12,352.64 2.935.89+ 11 549.00 5,903.15 2,898.25 2,525.00 826.00 6,249.25 346.10— 12 991.20 13,320.56 3,043.55 3,065.00 3,091.44 2,786.89 11,986.88 1,333.68+ 13 248.15 8,232.00 2,176.80 519.49 2,450.00 2,802.76 7,979.05 252.95+ 14 263.00 8,380.20 2,989.00 906.00 3,075.00 2,246.75 9,216.75 836.55- 15 239.50 9,327.75 3,210.75 2,186.85 3,203.76 1,923.45 10,524.81 1.197.06— 16 166.75 9,438.75 1.954.65 3,052.00 2,480.00 1,835.65 9,322.30 116.45+ 17 1,529.55 15,796.55 4,258.55 3,548.07 5,265.50 4,258.41 17,360.53 1,563.98- 18 2,106.52 11,859.52 3.202.35 2,250.00 1,490.00 3,275.70 10,218.05 1,641.47+ 19 4,269.68 33,331.99 5.973.20 4. 240.00 11,624.04 8,610.20 30,447.44 2,884.55+ 20 527.40 9,625.99 1.440.50 951.00 3,336.86 1,999.90 7,728.26 1,897.73+ 21 935.45 25,059.64 5.721.20 5.260.85 4,730.54 7,090.03 22,802.62 2,257.02+ 22 573.25 9,441.76 1,997.80 1,612.00 3,928.05 1,858.34 9,396.19 45.57 + 23 474.50 5,389.65 2.075.55 1,490.00 1,052.96 4,618.51 771.14 + 24 402.75 6,014.24 1,974.91 """1^232^75 1,800.00 1,416.02 6,423.68 409.44— 25 1,203.71 14,530.91 2,836.28 4,000.00 3,413.95 6,284.38 16,534.61 2,003.70— 26 1,761.55 8,392.06 2,564.60 700.00 1,090.00 1,973.08 6,327.68 2,064.38+ 27 1,604.56 6,906.60 2,632.90 190.00 2,369.65 2,447.31 7,639.86 733.26— 28 2,289.25 20,581.25 2,933.00 5,082.50 4,106.35 3,568.31 15,690.16 4,891.09+ 29 206.25 17,111.13 ■ 2,640.50 5,021.34 2,263.10 7,325.29 17,250.23 139.10— 30 7,785.29 21,943.08 4,008.65 839.88 5,592.95 4,792.71 15,234.19 6,708.89+ 31 4,742.87 32,459.32 6,254.60 4,645.50 10,-551.64 8,513.85 29,965.59 2,493.73+ 32 1,195.50 2,363.75 1,457.50 120.00 248.00 227.60 2,0.53.10 310.65 + 3o 1,739.80 8,927.58 3,547.15 2,436.30 4,510.01 10,493.^6 1,565.88- 34 545.75 18,882.61 3,247.00 """'i^goo'oo 4,699.00 4,144.32 13,990.32 4,892.29+ 35 3.104.48 8,723.18 2,382.00 3,090.00 3,787.23 9,259.23 ,^36. 05- 36 743.42 7,624.15 2,707.80 994'00 3,116.93 2,754.21 9,572.94 1,948.79- 37 818.20 7,114.07 2.838.95 1,100.00 1,449.50 2,548.03 7,936.48 822.41- 3S 626.41 8,270.83 2 366.08 1,221.75 1,080.75 2,015.46 6,684.04 1,586.79+ 39 711.05 9,059.55 3.035.60 2,W5.00 2,120.54 7,201.14 1,858.41 + 40 239.50 9,693.30 2,585.00 3,000.00 2,595.00 2,890.06 11,070.06 1,376.76— 41 583.60 10,950.87 3,237.55 2,441.85 1,842.00 2,284.14 9,805.54 1,145.33+ 42 336.75 8,506.37 1,913.80 1,177.14 2,263.85 2,514.88 7,899.67 606.70+ 43 4,089.69 . 26,493.49 5,187.75 5,040.00 4,033.50 7,018.48 21,299.73 5,193.76+ 44 1,981.65 10,689.45 1,571.50 4,581.50 2,4.35.25 1,500.25 10,038.50 600.95 + 45 85.00 5.369.67 1,920.00 2,0.59.00' 2,082.00 6,061.00 691.33— 46 1,766.65 2,753.90 1,267.50 160.00 1,281.03 2,708.53 45.37+ 47 1,237.48 11,739.78 1,782.83 '"XeeoToo 2,131.00 2,977.61 9,551.44 2,188.34+ 48 1,775.50 15,102.54 3,159.75 3,515.00 4,418.00 3,187.64 14,280.39 822.15+ 49 4,789.34 17.554.94 3,579.50 3,510.00 2,230.00 5,689.99 15,009.49 2,545.45+ 50 1,958.92 14,389.59 4,124.18 2,288.90 4,395.06 4,187.42 14,995.56 605.97— 51 572.38 10,774.19 2,570.50 1,970.00 3,054.46 1,654.27 9,249.23 1,524.96+ 52 490.94 3,261.53 1,699.85 908.00 475.00 1,048.02 4,130.87 c^69.34— 53 2,239.85 16,245.24 3,464.45 3,003.75 3,697.20 4,132.24 14,297.64 1,947.60+ 54 466.30 5,343.47 1,565.25 714.00 1,270.40 1,044.41 4,594.06 749.41+ 55 899.48 8,112.35 2,546.65 2,108.40 2,299.54 2,103.62 9,058.21 945.86— 56 2,574.87 11,123.04 3,432.16 830.00 3,885.00 3,033.26 11,180.42 57.38- 57 2,160.06 11,935.87 2,958.00 2,375.00 2,728.00 2,863.37 10,924.37 1,011.50+ 58 1,686.90 13,179.70 3,745.50 3,087.50 3,151.79 3,124.17 13,108.96 70.74+ 59 149.30 3,082.14 1,613.05 1,100.00 350.76 3,063.81 18.33+ 60 400.35 14,669.40 2,795.75 '""i^iiroo 3,405.00 5,779.14 16,396.89 1,727.49— 61 2,669.57 37,802.36 7,567.30 6,715.00 6,993.45 9,749.29 31,025.04 6,777.32+ 62 2,587.56 18,985.37 3,537.80 6,176.80 3,740.00 4,687.98 18,142.58 842.79+ 63 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II TABLE NO. 1— RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS OF Receip S Ticket Sales "S K .ssi c> County, City or Town R c 5^ .75 2,123.50 905.00 1,992.43 545.00 5,856.58' 5,021.551 1,736.25' 5,320.03 8,754.751 7,3(59.90| 8,742.27 8,. 329. 50 3,057.2.^) 3,912.65 Totals 1921 (92 Fairs) Totals 192'^ (95 Fairs) Totals 1919 (93 Fairs) Totals 1918 (§9 Fairs Totals 1917 (93 Fairs) Totals 191f (99 Fairs) Totals 1915 (93 Fairs) 4,(X)8.40 35.771.12 6,037.00 3,811.25 3,203.00 4,993.W) 7.491.46 901.00 4,791.03 9.430.30 11,495.93 3,483.70 9,041.74 28,497.20 1,972.40 6,090.25 1,200.00! 672.00' 529.20, 1,448.00 2,437.75 1,2J;9.75, 2,543.35; 1,093.35! 187.25 824.30 345.00 370.00 163.75 400.00 1,149.50 440.001 '"335^50 290.00: 592.50 1,325.10 820.05 287.00 1,424.45 1,873.00 1,603.85 1,. 535. 55 1,322.. 32 884. 0(>; 5.51.25 270.50 100. o;j 480.40 196.50 608.00! 165.00 223.00 334. 00| 5.55,. 322. 18 699,434.82 .567,273.53 435,182.48 $ 382,555.23 .$ 308,720.82 5*3. 00 26,163.47 1,449.05 346.55 61.75 903.30 1,818.15 I 2,651.45 2, 742.. 55 10,310.05 1,573.00 7.34.45 13,359.25 88.40 1,264.50 537.50 2,995.32' 734.50 350.50' 670.00: 520.00] 82.00: "962^.^01 625. OOi 345.00 630.00 ,830.00 805.00 1,791.00 12,107.24 1,346.41 946.60 403.45 1.044.00 1,616.68 93.35 1,274.21 1,233.00 4,037.35 635.00 2, .307. 30 8,889.20 267.50 1,250.00 177.00 548.93 200.00; 806.00 475.00 ""253"0O 349.00 772.. 30 75.00 1,230.50 1,486.00, '220^00; $ 187,215.42 $37,976,471$ 1.30, 755. 54i$?0, 290. 2,000.00 1,182.40 1,547.07 1,090.15 1,242.92 1,289.82 2,000.€0 2,(100.(K) 2,o;k).oo 2,000.t'!0 1,472.70 1,992.01 926.70 1,743.11 2,(00.(0 1,998.21 1,208.62 2,000.00 1,942.14 869.(58 1,534.50 2,000.(10 2,000.00 2,000.00 1,533.72 1,607.85 2,000.00 828.52 1,574.85 $ 157,690.90 $ 2.35,512.76 $38,610.63$ 157 , 483 . 50 $.37 186.51$ 113,013.24 143,263.06,$28,599.29,$ 111,695. 16, $24, 865. 20 $ 90,508.50 $ 74,666.01 $42,755,301$ 64,419.02 $ 51,048. $ 87,948.12 $45,179.93$ 80,282.03 ;$ 54,817.24 $ 77,470.19 $47,204.11$ 71,984.26 $ 56,650. 00, $37, 242. 95!$ 58,592.11 $ 56,870.67 $ 48,085.98 PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 51 COUNTY AND DISTRICT FAIRS IN IOWA IN 1921.— Continued. Receipts 3 a O cS g.- 83 o, tH rs C3^ •— t.1 o o S ^ Disbursements oo 1,173.23 15,644.91 5,291.45 1,994.50 4,268.00 8,331.04 19,884.99 4,240.08- 64 738.00 2,465.40 1,804.00 . 921. OJ 2,725.04 259.64— 65 564. »> 10,S38.61 2,078.45 .3,471.54 3,875.50 1,281.80 10,707.29 131.32+ 66 667.92 8,912.17 1,414.50 2,151.00 2,059.00 2,097.52 7,722.02 1,190.15+ 67 244.75 4,303.87 1,632.75 1,078.75 815.60 912.01 4,439.11 135.24— 68 636.34 10,999.04 1,699.75 4,279.50 3,360.00 4,385.34 13,724.59 2,725.55— 69 1,960.22 18,371.72 6,266.75 5,216.90 2,648.05 6,280.83 20,412.53 2,040.81— 70 631.72 13,953.22 3,630.00 4,525.00 3,320.47 5,151.39 16,626.86 2,673.64— 71 4,053.55 19,039.72 3,444.65 2,075.00 6,975.00 5,412.64 17,907.29 1,132.43+ 72 560.75 13,641.42 4,873.35 2,573.50 5,115.00 3,506.20 16,068.05 2,426.63— 73 1,088.84 7,203.04 1,961.00 1,685.00 1,938.10 1,468.39 7,052.49 150.55+ 74 1,433.55 9,640.26 •2,820.02 2,652.50 2,625.50 250.00 2,562.79 10,660.81 1,020.55— 75 583.49 1,510.19 1,181.00'_ 251.87 1,682.87 172.68- 7o 169.03 9,009.04 2,405.19 3,012.01 2,827.05 1,767.04 10,011.29 1,002.25— 77 18,645.95 98,232.03 11,022.50 14,701.32 24,466.74 47,935.78 98,126.34 105.69+ 78 561.. 5(1 12,326.67 2,830.35 2,734.50 2,550.00 1,593.14 9.707.99 2,618.68+ 79 431.75 7,901.27 1 583.75 2,078.00 2,000.00 3, 240. 52 1 8,902.27 1,001.00— 80 1,344.76 7,487.96 3,090.80-. 2,882.00 3, 693.401 9,666.20 2,178.24— 81 943.81 10,496.25 ■2,136.90 2,870.25 1.675.00 2,560.27 9,842.42 653.83+ 82 914.20 13,483.17 1,099.55 3,328.22 5,060.06 2,145.19 11,633.02 1,850.15+ 88 443.00 3,053.85 2,057.50, 581.75 125.00 988.57 3.752.82 698.97- 84 2,126.04 13,191.73 4,449.05 1,012.00 1,893.81 3,658.4Tl 11,013.30 2,178.43+ 85 252.00 17,392.65 4 494.45 6,911.50 3,965.04 3,223.4] 18,594.40 1,201.75— 86 12,524.06 41,067.39 5,746.46 3,775.59 10,068.20 12,692.00 32,282.25 8,785.14+ 87 1,183.13 9,984.05 2,056.20 1,926.75 3,415.00 1,525.00 8,922.95 1,061.10+ b8 14,321.34 64,585.68 2 179 75 '> 400 25 3 586 38 3 153 5*^ 11,319.97 77,065.07 3,001.37+ 12,479.39— 89 90 8, 524. 03 15,121.20 7,450.00 14,145.00 40,348.87 2.51.60 3,408.42 1,040.75 .. 1,124.50 790.71 2,955.96 452.46+ 91 293.61 11,498.21 2,134.75 2,935.67 3,132.89 1,561.09 9,764.40 1,733.81+ 92 $ 108,234.87+ * 176,550.90 $ 1,275,802.04$ 299,380.79.$ 216,742.83 $ 317,923.38 $ 389,025.66 $ 1,223,072.66 55,505.49- 1 .? 219,922.31 + $ 143,224.76 $ 1,417.004.46 if 243,702.97,$ 218,592.11 $ 328,703.97 a 424,032.41 $ 1,215,161.47 17,479.32— . $ 199,680.55+ $ 88,885.40 $ 1,055,089.14$ 174,633.07$ 176,905.35 $ 252,546.57 $ 269,183.01 $ 873,268.00 17,859.41— $ 65,493.09+ ? 73,532.88 .$ 689,469.02 $ 129,806.75$ 146,034.34 $ 161.763.18 •1 214,838.45 $ 651,942.72 27,966.79— $ 122,791.34 + $ 59,797.89 .$ 763,207.69 S 137,226.48 $ 148,359.47 .$ 159,441.51 $ 206,611.35 $ 651,638.81 11,222.46— t 93,132.24 + $ 67,2.59.95 $ 703,344.41? 144,703.25$ 149,285.42 $ 151,242.71 $ 181,638.68 $ 626,870.14 16,657.97- $ 62,230.80+ $ 55,643.78 $ 564,935.64-1 117,439.10$ 127.951.22 $ 115,227.34 $ 160,982.24 $ 521,599.90 18,895.06- 52 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II TABLE NO. 2— FINANCIAL STATEMENT OF COUNTY County, City or Town Receipts 3^ 5 oxi Adair, Greenfield Adams, Corning Allamakee, Waukon Audubon, Audubon Benton, Vinton Black Hawk, Cedar Falls Black Hawk, Waterloo.. Boone, Ogden Bremer, Waverly Buchanan, Aurora Buchanan, Independence. Buchanan, Jesup --- Buena Vista, Alta Butler, Allison Calhoun, Manson Calhoun, Rockwell City- Carroll, Carroll Cass, Atlantic Cedar, Tipton Cerro Gordo, Mason City Chickasaw, Nashua Clay, Spencer Clayton, Elkader Clayton, National Clayton, Straberry Point Clinton, DeWitt .. Crawford, Arion Dallas, Perry Davis, Bloomfield Decatur, Leon Delaware, Manchester Des Moines, Burlington- Dickinson, Milford Dubuque, Dyersville Fayett, West Union Fremont, Hamburg Greene, Jefferson Grundy, Grundy Center.. Guthrie, Guthrie Center. Hamilton, Webster City- Hancock, Britt Hardin, Eldora Harrison, Missouri Valley Henry, Mt. Pleasant.. - Henry, Winfield Humboldt, Humboldt Ida, Ida Grove Jackson, Maquoketa Jasper, Newton Jefferson, Fairfield Jones, Monticello Jones, Anamosa Keokuk, What Cheer Kossuth, Aleona Lee, Donnellson Lee, West Point Linn, Central City- Linn, Marlon Louisa, Columbus Jct.-. Lucas, Derby Lyon, Rock Rapids Mahaska, Oskaloosa Marion, Knoxville 886.42'$ '9i'i'.23'' 1,191.15 1,463.65 14.953.66 756.44 348.46 1.987.45 1.033.55 450.28 164.28 1.458.55 323.73 7,308.79 622.47 4.726.86, 119.21 1,613.42 1.896.27 935.46 "99yi5 228.54 2,534.83 1,389.25 5.092.42 2,592.75 77.11 2.285.58 1.348.17 184.44 12.75 387.05 875. 29 J 3, 052.701 366.901 410.86 410.99 91.61 7.865.30 570.01 8,378.55.. 3,654.15 .. 6,341.40.. 7,933.65.$ 16,344.01 14,331.71 50,655.38 6,051.50-. 17,825.40 3,264.20 15,288.53.. 5,903.15' 13,320.56 .. 8,232.00 8,380.20 9,327.75 9,438.75 15,796.55 11,859.521 33,331.99 9,625.99.. 25,059.64-. 9.441.76 5,389.65.. 6,014.24 14,530.91 8,392.06 6, 906.601. - 20,581.25 17,111.13 21,943.08 32,459.32 2,363.75 .. 8.927.58 18,882.61 8,723.18 7,624.15 7, 114.07 1 8,270.83 9,059.55 9,693.30!.- 10,950.871 8,506.37 26,493.49 10,689.45 5,369.67 2,753.90 11,739.78 15,102.54 17,554.94 14,389.59 10,774.19 3,261.53 16,245.24 5,343.47 8,112.35 11,123.04 11,935.87 13,179.70 3,082.14 14.669.40' 37,802.361 18,985.37' 3, 845. Hi 2,160.001 6,269.15 221.11 "4^408"75 800.00 '"540'00 ""570'OU 1,610.75 3,518.83 5,823.07 5,650.00 450.00 7,600.00 2,001.90 ""'891^37' 5,300.00 498.09 'ijooTool 6,491.861 4,319.42 3,000. 00| "ijooToo 1,570.14 2,000.00 312.50 2,376.00; 2,700.00 2,181.50 '2J600'oo! 799.94 2,400.00i 3.374.95; 600.00 1,118.53 1,976.80 2,000.00 6,200.00 1,250.00, I 371.25 200.00 1,164.36 4,675.00 ""687?48 620.00 "io'ii7yoo 9,264.97$ 3,654.15 7, 258. 63 i 11,778.76 19,695.16i 22,064.51 f!5,830.15 6,051.50 22,234.15 4,820.64 15,636.99 8,430.60 14,354.11 9,282.28 10,155.23 14,305.13 15,261.82 21,770.28, 19,618.31 40,931.99 10,248.46 29,786.50 11,562.87 7,003.07 6,905.6l! 21,727.18; 8,890.15' 6,906.60l 25,616.71 23,602.99 26,361.65 35,459.32 2,363.75 13,256.12 22,987.58 12,112.43 13,029.07 12,082.82 10,970.83 11,318.16 9,693.30 15,836.45 9,313.10 28,992.42 14,065.40 5,3fi9.67 3,353.90 14,206.48 17,079.34 19,739.38 20,602.34 12,411.24 4,136.82 19,669.19 5.543.47 9,643.61 16,208.90 12,346.86 13,867.18 3,793.751 22,534.70! 48,489.37 18, 985.. ^7 8,529.70 4,291.40 6.694.19 9,355.26 11,618.35 14,068.77 38,709.61 5,999.49 16,655.40 3,573.92 12,352.64 6,249.25 11,986.88 7,979.05 9,216.75 10,524.81 9,322.30 17,360.53 10,218.05 30,447.44 7,728.26 22,802.62 9,396.19 4,618.51 6,423.68 16,534.61 6,327.68 7,639.86 15,690.16 17,250.23 15,234.19 29,965.59 2,053.10 10,493.46 13,990.32 9,259.23 9,572.94 7,936.48 6,684.04 7,201.14 11,070.06 9,805.54 7,899.67 21,299.73 10,088.50 6,061.00 2,708. 5S 9,551.44 14,280.39 15,009.49 14,995. .'^C 9,249.23 4,130.87 14,297.64 4,594.06 9,058.21 11,180.42 10,924.37 13,108.96 3,063.81 16,396.89 31,025.04 VS. 142. 58 PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 53 AND DISTRICT FAIRS RECEIVING STATE AID IN 1921. Disbursements l>S O OQ n o, c« 9 « a Balance or Overdraft Assets and Liabilities aj 93 294.13 200.00 4,953.00, 3,725.481 492.35' 1,720.00 1,009.40 1,985.38 1,500.00 100.37 607.29 1,000.00 1,925.00 797.20 ?,731.94 2,313.30 300.00 234^75 759.12 402.40 3,677.93 235.00 2,000.00 4,300.00 986.00 2,133.73 136.78 741.58 44.27 4,795.00 349.00$ 1,963.60 736.76' 2,584.161 5,266.43! 6,053.391 497.50 1,689.971 376.491 678, 00| 2,100.00! 1,568.79 858.45 1,245.64 443.931 2,749.941 2,475.50 9,100.00: 8,504. 72^ 2,100.53 5,467.03 1,573.84 900.24 481.93 5,100.25 637.47 8,903.83 7,231.46 8,508.52 1,761.79 8,474.91 3,666.15i 1,237.781 2,327.14 2,881.33| 1,918.221 309.00 3,284.2li 434.06 3,718.15 3.734.64 3,407.06 1.974.31 2,615.75: 554.70: 2,394.94 603.84 4,434.95 724.541 585.40 2,600.48 586.88 2,495.47 339.83 3,375.17 7,892.01 8,878.70 4,291.40 8,657.79 10,386.15 17,093.49 19,535.20 49,716.00 6,496.99 22,070.85 3.950.41 13,030.64 8,349.25 14,048.02 8,837.50 12,182.39 11,978.14 14,057.62 21,336.03 19,318.05 39,052.53 9,837.79 28,269.65 11,577.32 6,518.75 6,905.61 21,634.86 8,890.15 7,639.86 24,593.99 28,818.08 24,539.91 35,459.32 2,053.10 12,806.76 22,465.23 12,925.38 11,110.72 10,263.62 9,800.12 9,119.36 11,379.06 13,848.87 8,736.13 28,695.81 14,058.14 6,061.00 2,708.53 12,958.50 16,254.70 19,625.24 19,850.26 12,630.17 4,734.71 20,866.32 5,318.60 9,643.61 13,917.68 12,252.83 15,648.70 3,403.64 19,772.00 43,712.05 18,142.58 386.27 % 637.25 I 1,399.16! 1,022, 'i"82i" 733.26 '5'2i5r09 310. 449, 522, 1,918, 1,819, 1,170, 2.198, 1,987. 576, 812.95 1.685.76 645 1,247 824, 114 752 37, 224.87 2,291, 94 2,762 4,777 «42 218.93 597.89 1,197.13 1,781.52 12,000.00$ 17,500.00'.. 11,000.00! 10,000.001 25.000.00 100,000.00 135,000.00 20,000.00 20.000.00 2,70O.00l 25,000.00 215,000.00!.. 35,000.00! 10,000.00 25,284.28' 35,000.00 18,500.00 50,000.00 35,000.00 43,507.68 25,000.00.. 110,000.00 20,000.00 12,500.00 10,000.00 20,000.00 3,000.00 90,000.00 35,000.00 80,000.00 52,500.00 100,000.00 1,000.00: 1,297.06 4,450.00 11,400.00 43,550.00 51,000.00 8,500.00 4,200.00 800.00' 5,0O0.0Oj "6^00^00 2,500.00 8,400.00! 6,600.00' 10,800.00 5,650.00' 10,000.00 14,956.00 30,000.00 50,000.00 19,000.00 25,000.00 15,000.00 27.500.00 27,500.00 25,000.00 13,000.00 48,000.00 60.000.00 20,000.00 40,000.00 7,500.00: 3,700.00' 2,000.00 8,400.00 5,300.00 498.09 15,000.00 4,100.00 36,166.40 "30 10,000.00 31 45,000.00 32 ; 33 34 35 36 37 15,000.00 25,000.00 60,000.00 35,000.00 30,000.00 30,000.00 17,000.00 52,000.00 5,200.00 11,000.00 15,000.00 22,500.00 35,000.00 3,000.00 60,000.00 160,000.00 64.692.86 6,000.00 5,000.00 2,376.00 38 4,500.00 39 40 2,500.00 41 4,750.00 42 799.94 43 4,000.00 44 8,624.95 45 6,425.00 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 4.118.53 27.000.00 6,200.00 12,000.00 3,700.00! 53 54 400.00 55 7,820.00, 56 4,700.00 57 8,722.14 58 3,500.00 59 2,920.00 60 61 41.082.06 62 27.100.00 63 54 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II TABLE NO. •a Receipts a (_ 03 t_ £1 is to 83 County, City or Town s o p. O ^ ^ CJ 2, a s a "S •i§^ 03 CS CJ ^ c/. *^ O ;< » K ;;; 64 Marshall, Mar'llt'n (Fair) 65 Marshall, Mai'llt'n(Oon.) 66 Mills, Malvern I 67 Mitchell, Osage 68 Monona, Ona^va i 60 Monroe, Albia 70 Muscatine, West Liberty. 11 O'Brien, Sheldon 72 Page, Clavinda 73 Pago. Shenandoah 74 Pocahontas, Fonda 75 Pottawattamie, Avora--. 76 Poweshiek, Brooklyn 77 , Sac, Sac City 78 I Scott, Davenpoit 79 I Shelby, Harlan ^0 I Sioux, Orange City 81 Story, Ames 82 ' Tama, Toledo 83 Taylor, Bedford 84 Van Buren, Milton 85 . Warren, Indianola 86 ! Wayne, Corydon 87 Webster, Fort Dodge Winnebago. Forest City Winneshiek, Decorah 90 Woodbury, Sioux City— 91 ' Worth, Northwood — 92 i Wright, Clarion 4,221.09 801.58 1,812.82 333.61 1,231.01 851.79 1,612.43 141.83 164.47 2,330.68 1,650.37 98^42 765.13 2«. 1.37.00 648. 87| 3.30.53 165.80 1,736.39 5,173.51 1,?82.€8^ Totals 1921 (92 Fairs) 63.43 649.30 ,219.46 15,644.91 5,000.00 2,465.40! 1,200.00 10,838.61 1,080.66 8,912.17 3,500.00, 4,303.87 20.00! 10,999.04 4,292.01 18.371.72 3,750.00 13,953.22 1,684.78 19,039.72! &,7e)O.00l 13,641.42' 12,873.80! 7,203.041... ...I 9,640.26 6,712.05! 1,510.19 74.41 9,009.04 4,050.00 98,232.03 41,867.95 12,-326.67 7,901.27i 500.00' 7,487.96 10,496.25 I 13,483.17, 208.48, 3,053.85 13.191.73 330.73 17,392.65 574.661 41,067.39 9,984.05 ' 14,321.34 2,675.00 64,585.68 28,000.00 3,408.42 11,498.21 24,866.00 19,884.99 4,466.98 2,725.04 13,732.09 10,707.29 12,745.78 7,722.02 5,554.88 4,439.11 16,142.84 13,724.59 23,734.15 20,412.5S 15,779.83 16,626.86 22,904.19 17,907.29 28,8«.90 16,068.05 8,853.41 7,052.49 16,352.31 10,660.81 1,683.02 1.682.87 13,824.17 10,011.29 68,236.98 98,126.34 12,975.54 9,707.99 8,731.80 8,9n2.27 7,653.76 9,666.20 12,232.64 9,842.42 18,865.16 11,633.02 3,053.85 3,752.82 13,522.46 11,013.30 19,849.39 18,594.40 41,067.39 32,282.25 9,984.05 8,922.95 17,059.77 11,319.97 93,234.98 77,065.07 5,627.88 2,9.55.96 11,498.21 9,764.40 $ 130,191.35 $1,275,802.04 $ 247,559.48$ 1,653,552.87$ 1,223,072.66 Totals 1920 (95 Fairs) 1^ 148,S6S.66|$1, 417, 604. 46$ 662,013. 45|$ 2,229,024.33$ 1,215,161.47 j . ^ j Totals 1919 (93 Pairs) if; 65,144.96 $1,055,089.14 $ 230,507.56 $ 1,350,741.66 $ 873,268.00 Totals 1918 (89 Fairs) $ 73,010.80$ ).02$ 112,233.60$ 874,713.42$ 651,942.72 Total 1917 (93 Fairs) ^ 51,620.20|$ 763,207.69 $ 182,706.77 $ 942,717.42$ 651,638.81 I I Totals 1916 (99 Fairs). :i 48,355.73$ 703,344.41 $ 194,738.86 $ 889,568.33$ 626,870.14 Totals 1915 (93 Fairs) $ 36.480.71$ 564,935.64 $ 188,684.12 $ 742,014.00$ 521,599.90 PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 2 — Continued. 55 Disbursements Balance or Overdraft Assets and Liabilities i 0!) c ^ » oS S.| a '"' ss S "So s (-1 w > o o c ~ 111 ifi » s « p Ci-— 03 =3 11 g 5 ^ m o > P4 55 2,741.03 i 150. (X), 1,324.89 1,224.54 1,000.00, 3,735.10 937.22 741.70 1,416.42 1,703.29 1,081.83 1,634.46 2,080.99 7,304.27 4,260.43 .- 1,514.36 4,281.50 884.29 "I"mil iy682"78 68,831.60 445.92 492.12 31.50 410.57 312.15 1,000.00 555.53 4,497.62 """"7fi6'44 i^isils 2,888.15 823.64 8,785.14 293.17 1,875.00 3,858.28 28,000.00 11,403.10, 1,395.74 678.98 1,059.-38 22,626.02 2,875.04 13,256.72 12,457.12 5,376.33 15,882.71 22,115.82 19,343.15 19,9SS.28 27,6.32.75 8,566.85 15,826.60 1,682.87 11,694.07 166,957.94 10,646.03 9.344.34 9,978.35 11,397.95 16,130.64 3,752.82 12,934.32 22,306.19 41,067.39 9,216.12 17,0.53.25 116,468.17 4,3.51.70 11,502.76 $ 106,042.12 $ 286,033.04$ 1,615,148.22 $ 85,518.32$ 780,968.36 $ 2,087,978.15 $ 78,517.22$ 1 236,534.13 $ 1,188,319.35 $ 36,761.22$ 121,950.89$ 810,654.83 $ 85,592.90$ 96,464.95$ 833,696.66 $ 71,687.90$ 138,269.99$ 836,828.03 2,239.98 1,591.94 475.37 288.66 178.55 260.13 1,618.33 3,. 563. 32 2.915.91 — 1,213.15... 286.56 ... 525.71 ... .15... 2,130.10... 1,279.04... 2,329.51 ... ^34.69 ,734.52 588.14 612.. 54 2, 324.. 59 698.97 2.4.56. 767.93 6.52 ; 23,233.19 1,276.18 60,000.00 150.00 25,000.00 21,000.011 18,000.00 6,000.00 24,000.00 50,000.00 10,500.(10 18,000.00 15,000.00 2G,Ono.OO 7,000.00 25,000.00 409,219.76 15,000.00 20,000.00 10,000.00 25,000.00 10,000.00 7,500.00 3f>,000.00 48,000.00' 300,000.00 15,00O.fH) 25,000.00 250,000.00 8, .500. 00 5,000.001 64 ' 65 17,000.00 66 1,500.00 67 4,000.00 68 2,800.00 69 70 11,684.78 71 3,700.00 72 5,574.75 73 74 6,100.10 75 4,000 11,. 3.50 280,012. 6,500, 3,&00, 8.0OO, 6,800, 7,490, 7,980, r20,o> «l ssg u .i y- .^ 3-0 03 ^ s r- en oj ~ a ^ g 6 s 6 G II 3 a .5 ■-S ft III « Ph y. flH <3 O CH C» o a Horses Cattle Swine Marsliall, Marshalltown (Fair)-- Marslial],MarsliaIltown(Congresi Mills, Malvern Mitchell, Osage Monona, Onawa Monroe, Albia Muscatine, West Liberty... O'Brien. Sheldon Page, Clarinda Page, Shenandoah Pocahontas, Fonda Pottawattamie, Avoca Poweshiek, Brooklyn Sac, Sac City Scott, Darenport Shelby, Harlan Sioux, Orange City Story, Ames Tama, Toledo Taylor, Bedford Van Buren, Milton Warren, Indianola Wayne, Corydon Webster, Fort Dodge Winnebago, Forest City Winneshiek, Decorah Woodbury, Sioux City Worth, Northwood Wright, Clarion Totals 1921 (92 Fairs)... Totals 1920 (95 Fairs). .- Totals 1919 (93 Fairs). .. Totals 1918 (89 Fairs). Totals 1917 (9:^ Fairs). Totals 1916 (m Fairs). Totals 1915 (93 Fairs). 1,8-10 £01 ' 290 126 112 148 320 213 276 287 164 203 300 207 755 200 193 341 310 130 386 290 1 405 122 223 506 278 184 31,444 26,232 140 30'. 40 i 54 1 471 94 158 49 36' 112, 59, 415.00 17 t 1,433.00 90 1 32 8 105 64 73 87 100 110 22 100 89 50 15 135 115 100 50 76 79 75 90 m 22 34 20 82 59 180 151 132 53 148 95 73 33 40 20 rsi 547.011 159.00 56.0:> 482.50 715. CO 548.00 776.03 ,202.00 34.00 124.00 194.50 89.00 ,604.00 349.50 263.00 668.00 113.50 89.00 481.70 782.50 547.00 ,222.00 125.00 250.00 ,408.00 75.50 138.00 80 95 3l! 411 185 149 781 1051 28 1 751 601 114 262! 75 116 255 195 29 47 132 183 235 1 71 1 75j "45 >,G22| 5,281 7,553: 5,000 $37,956.20,11,110 $33,492.39 9,822 5,881 4,342.130,412.15 1.108 4,863i 3,911 24.218 453.00 570.00 321.00 266.10 ,122.75 ,721.00 652.00 ,477.00 257.00 646.50 204. 50 j 092.00, ,854. 00| 646.001 327.50 510.00 ,096.00 140.00 359.35 694.00 ,091.00 ,834.00 237.25 601.00 ,378.50 167.50 579.00 110 120 116 129 97 680 375 i 199 254 420 638 300 266 1,858 500 256 267 289 71 160 350 423 640 271 172 "iio 1,349.00 920.00 3S1.00 • 253.50 570.00 346.25 1,221.00 823. OC 921.00 1,364.00 1,228.00 1,115.00 326.00 518.00 3,654.50 1,323.00 498.50 522.00 340.00 560.00 297.50 864.00 1,020.00 1,032.96 531.25 619.50 5,543.(0 296.00 762.75 $90,532.93 $73,522.20 7,049 $49,285.67 32,593 i^75, 957. 91 31,565 $58,216.24 19,815 $34,687.20 $24,2S0.74j 5,579 $31,889.76 12,lll,$20,580.3l I I 4,4591 5,552 $28,948. 43| 5,689 $33,992.13 23, 955 j 4,454 20, 687 1 4,144 5,836 $32,877.66 6,036 $26,913.53 7,080 $37,440.65 10,695:$17,213.64 11,151 $17,435.45 5,270 $27,628.92 9,377$14,034.45 PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 59 3 — Continued, Poultry and Pet Stock Premiums Paid ■- P bo A C 2h -^1 397.00 1,044 287.001 139.00 18.00 34.00 272.25 682.00 24.00 300.00 61.00 51.00 88.00 19.00 845.00 72.00 23.00 349.00 234.50 35.00 148.00 460.00 504.00 179.00 113.50 84.00 751.00 38.25 1.54.. 50 230 194 252 47 385 274 344 251 72; 537 230 152 505 200 210 519 190 51 80 900 507 402 231 344 175 220 89.00 119.75 104.00 40.00 100. on 151.75 173.50 38.50 33.50 120.00 76.25 99.00 251.00 78.50 36.75 142.60 81.50 48.70 42.70 444.75 204.50 185.75 110.50 152.25 318.50 123.00 193.25 4,282 $13. .308.60 29,703 $12,488.59 .S,681 ^11,516.00 19,739$ 8,435.50 220.00 736.00 66.25 50.75 121.50 60.25 193.75 93.25 124.25 81.50 51.00 170.00 58.75 67.95 573.00 25.00 49.75 143.50 1.52.15 24.85 36.75 155.25 369.70 241.00 131.25 70.75 826.00 97.50 24.50 144.00 18.25' 16.75 9.75 31.00' 110.25 25.00 76.70 48.75 54.75 53.25 29.50 20.20 350.75 46.00 11.20 114.001 110. OOi. 174.50 39. G5 1.51.00 73.50 165.75 99.50 108.25 63.00 105.25 1.58.32 344.00; 33.55 20.00 53.75 67.25 93.25 33.25 49.50 57.00 24.75 $14,983.36 $ 4,811.88 $13,879.52 $ 5,043.20 ;i.217 $ 8, .535. 70 2,895.$ 7,0.59.3 3,007$ 7,120.03 17,351 $ 7,143. 15,767 $ 6, .566. 67 16,184 $ 6,822.27 2,897 $ 7,291.3f.{ 15.762 $ 6,678.76 $ 9,958.92;$ 4,213.64 $12,088.55 $11,685.07 I $11,993.45 - !,78S $ 6,140. 7^ 14,317 $ 5,397.08;$ 9,934.51 160.84 32.00 22.00 37.50 65.70 188.80 67.00 88.80 137.. 55 259.75 115.15 94.75 71.50 87.25 194.45 106.85 249.50, 58.75: 245.50 65.00 196.20 425.50 178.50 113.86 1.53.50 181.05 247.00 114.75 111.55 62.50 416.15 47.00 219.20 312.25 199.75 284.25, 54.00 107.50 602.951 79.50 85.75i 568.45 20.00 38.00' 16.00 45.25 35.00 16.00 65.50 3.75 f>92.75 18.00 54.. 50 25.00 91.75 25.00 103.10 9.00 19.00 268.10 1.58.15 392.25 38.60 148.50 627.50 73.7.-. 68.00 .329.75 . .301.0^1: 195.00 692.50 365.05 1.50.. 50 293.25 15.00 85.00 50.00 '•219 ^00 115.00 76.50 .00 230.00 10.50 75.00 240.00 20.00 8,888.95 $16,650.11 $18,691.44 $ 8,125.92 $12, 994. 07;$14, 171. 76$ 4,389.79 $ 6,168.88 $12,295.95 $ 9,462.68 $ 2,536.27 $ 6,680.73$ 8,639.97 — 11,570.72 $ 6,927.21 .$11,251.14 ._. $ 6,611.62 $11, 176. 08 $ 13,122.53 $ 6,307.62 $ 8,710.29 $ 12,711.43 $ 4,679.30 60 •IWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II TABLE NO. 4— TOTAL PAID ADMISSIONS AND ADMISSION FEES CHARGED AT COUNTY AND DISTRICT FAIRS IN IOWA FOR 1921. County, City or Town 03 a a 1 m a o S a Outside Gate Admissions Grandstand a < > o Admission Fee 4J 03 it 1 Adair, Greenfield 7,755 4,500 12,500 6,571 8,335 25,844 78,430 4,928 21,000 3,000 10,000 9,295 25,092 7,995 7,746 8,000 12,000 30,000 14,000 40,056 14,660 45,000 9,685 5,400 9,700 16,000 15,000 4 591 6,654!$.50 3,0001 .35 8,876| .50 6,5ni .50 6,334i .50 14, 679 j .50 59,110 .50 4,9281 .50 18,312 .50 2,77S .50 9,620i .50 7,7951 .50 21,892 .50 7 705' ^ $.25 .25 .25 .50 .25 .25 .50 .50 "25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 "50 .25 "25 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 ,.25 .20 .25 .25 .25 "25 .25 .25 .25 '!'25 .25 .25 .25 "25 .25 .25 "25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .20 .25 "25 "25 $.15 .15 .25 .15 .25 .25 .35 .25 .25 3,310 925 340 - 9 Adams, Oorningf . $.10 .30 .35 .50 $^75 3 4 5 6 7 8 P Allamakee, Waukon Audubon, Audubon Benton, Vinton Black Hawk, Cedar Falls. Black Hawk, Waterloo Boone, Ogden 1,769 1,923 881 8,502 14,820 870 6,158 329 580 692 1,663 12,422 569 2,452 10 Buchanan, Aurora Buchanan, Independence Buchana, Jesup Buena Vista, Alta Butler, Allison 11 .25 1,655 709 ^?, 13 .25 .25 .25 .35 .25 .40 .25 .50 .15 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 4,673 1,162 3,987 2,063 2,973 14 214 15 Calhoun, Manson Calhoun, Rockwell City Carroll, Carroll Cass, Atlantic— Cedar, Tipton Cerro Gordo, Mason City... Chickasaw, Nashua Clay, Spencer Clayton, Elkader Clayton, National Clayton, Strawberry Point-- Ciinton, DeWitt Crawford. Arion .. 7,617 6,958 10,498 19,666 10,109 28,056 11,660 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 50 le 17 .25 .... — - 784 18 6,310j 19 3,288! 1.384 20 ^1 "35 .35 — - 10,765 4,840 9,200 3,262 774 2,424 4,388 1,101 2,162 9,976 6,590 3,217 5,145 2,736 22 ?3 39,508 .50 8,305 .50 4,976 .50 5,253 .50 12,8301 .50 10,000 .50 4 591 . .f;o 1.00 .-. 5,500 950 94 25 26 27 "'50 .... 1.474 28 Dallas. Perrv 230 29 30 Davis, Bloomfield Decatur, Leon Delaware, Manchester Des Moines, Burlington Dickinson, Milford Dubuque, DytersviQlle Fayett, West Union 36.0001 26,000 .50 19,7501 19,093 -50 .35 .50 .50 — - 6,890 2,696 31 20 000 13 S50 .50 .50 2,732 32 33 37,505 5,500 8,957 33.617 .50 -.- 11,841 10,676 34 S QK'7 .50 .35 .25 50 I S."! 34, (XK) 33,'666 4,320 3,889 7,977 4,444 6,000 5,000 10,000 7,627 10,000 8,389 12,000 11.750 "35 .25 .25 .35 .25 .25 .25 .25 ^25 .25 .25 .25 .25 4,026 1,367 2,279 795 2,293 3fi .50;.... .50! .25 .501 .25 .50: .50 .50 .25 ..50 .^5 37 38 3P Green, Jefferson Grundy, Grundy Center Guthrie, Guthrie Center Hamilton, Webster City— . Hancock, Britt Hardin, Eldora Harrison, Missouri Valley.. Henry, Mt. Pleasant Henry, Winfield Humboldt, Humboldt Ida, Ida Grove Jackson, Maquoketa Jasper, Newton Jefferson, Fairfield Jones, Montlcello Jones, Anamosa Keokuk, What Cheer Kossuth, Algona Lee, Donnellson Lee, West Point Linn, Central City T,inTi Mnrlnn .... 2,920 612 40 41 .25 .25 .10 .50 .9f; 1,935 2,171 4,160 4,507 2,280 2,944 1,457 1,055; 670 4'>. 11,800 12,800 32,000 10,963 4,393 7,000 12,292 15,000 14,000 11,280' --50 ..50 ' 43 44 45 10,000 23,600 9,852 2.883 .50 .35 .50 .25 .50 .25 .50; .25 .25 — - — - 46 47 .25 .15 .35 ..„ — - 48 12,292 12,639 1.9.740 .5( .50 .5f .50 ..';i ..50 .25—- .25 .25 .25 .35 .25 3,9821. 49 5,4191 2,665 fiO 3,473| 4,048 51 5? 21,000 12,273 .5i, .50 13,000[ 8.R06 ..50' ..50 .25 "25 .25 .25 "25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .35 .25 — - -— 5,836 1,764 4,708 2,248 602i - 53 1,838 19.483 5,802 6,144 10,000 8.586 9,896 3,584 18,200 45,650 23,500 1.738 .50 19,483 .50 5,703 .50 6,144 .50 7.000 .50 7,877 .50 .25 .25 .25 .25 .50 54 3,153i 1.953 55 56 57 58 .25 .25 .25 .25 "9^ "50 — - 884 3,432 5,221 5,984 "'6^516 1^771 1,889 59 ' Louisa, Columbus Juncfior 60 Lucas, Derby 61 Lvnn. RnrV Ranirls 9,396 .50! .25 3,296 .35- 15,967 .50 .25 35,625 .50 .25 19,500 .50 .25 2,035 62 63 Mahaska, Oskaloosa .25 .50 12,034 8,084 Marion, Knoxville.- .2b .25 .35' .50 5,915 4,310 PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 61 TABLE NO. 4— TOTAL PAID ADMISSIONS AND ADMISSION FEES CHARGED AT COUNTY AND DISTRICT FAIRS IN IOWA FOR 1921.— Continued. County, Oity or Town S a ea -a a -M 83 « a o 1 e3 2 '3 o. I Outside Gate Admissions Grandstand < > a 2 2 O Admission Fee 5.1 +a CO a a MO fi4 Marshall, Marshallt'n (Fair). Marshall, Marshallt'n (Con.). Mills, Malvern Mitchell, Osage Monona, Onavva 36,193 4,550 10,000 10,773 3,292 11,089 24,222 24,160 15,500 10,372 6,250 10,215 1 21,233, .50 .25 .25 .25 ■ ! i 2,960 5,534 fiR m 8,900i .75 10,5391 .50 3,292 .50 10,945 -^^ .35! .25 .... .25 .... .25 .25 .25 .50 .25 .251 .25 .25, .25 .35 .35 .251 .2.^ .25 .25 .25 .25 .50 9^^ 4,800 1,913 2,149 3,870 67 775 68 m 1,922 70 71 Muscatine, West Liberty.... O'Brien, Sheldon 21,592 21,630 12,043 9,872 5,607 8,206 .50 .50 .75 .75 .75 .50 .25. 3,459 2,850 3,563 4,493 749 3,298 2,343 2,349 7? Page, Clarinda 25 ^(\ 1,354 73 Page, Shenandoah .. 15 1 9.^ 1,785 74 Pocahontas, Fonda Pottawattamie, Avoca Poweshiek, Brooklyn .25 .25 1 75 .50 .25 1 76 77 Sac, Sac City 7,924 79,376 15,000 8,587 7,528 10,522 15,396 2,000 8,500 18,946 33,889 14,000 23,528 71,186 5,500 11,520 7,437 77,917 12,000 .65 .9K .25 .25 .35 .20 .25 .25 .25 .45 .25 .15 .25 .25 .25 ... 2,332 20,932 1,300 1.100 78 7f) Scott, Davenport Shelby, Harlan .5o! .25 :68.::.i.::: 15,957 80 Sioux, Orange City . _ 8,5871 .50, .50 5,786i .50! .25 11,141 .50 -25 .25^ 1 535 81 Story, Ames Tama, Toledo.. Taylor, Bedford Van Buren, Milton Warren, Indianola. 1 — [— -| 247 8^ L. L... 2,928 5,195 83 84 12,957 .50 l,802i .50 8,000 .50 14,946 .40 29,915 .50 9,416 .50 19,502 .75 .25 .50 .25 .25 1 2,060 85 9r, .25 .25 .25 .25 95 .50....J.... 2,224 6,866 17,289 3,055 2,253 2,000 86 Wayne, Oorydon Webster, Fort Dodge Winnebago, Forest City Winneshiek, Decorah... Woodbury, Sioux City Worth, Northwood Wright, Clarion .25 .25 ...:, .25 .25: .25 __ 95 5,901 87 88 8P .50 .751.00 .15 -._.!. — 5,248 3,301 705 flO 58,822 .50.._.| .25 4,000! .50: .25 .... 11,520 .50 .25! .25 .50 .25 .25 1 91 92 500 3,500 '"i^soo ! Totals 1921 (92 Fairs) 1,47L!,042 1,209,283 1 ■ 1 331,200 156.067 Totals 1920 (95 Fairs) 1,806,033 1,456,755 \ ! 443,147 209,745 Totals 1919 (93 Pairs) 1,580, &43 1,506,079 362,587 160,135 1 Totals 1918 (89 Fairs) 1,150,461 910,349 i 1 ! 266,661 75,795 — Totals 1917 (93 Fairs) 1,345,259 1,094,988 1 270,991 91,768 Totals 1916 (99 Fairs).... 1,272,479 991,057 279,714 66,600 Totals 1915 (93 Pairs). 1,115,605 838,047 02 'I'WENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II Admission Fees Paid XD ro w M r as CO c a C c C a C3 C c c c s *ear showed a marked increase over that of 1920. In 1920, 1217 war veterans took advantage of the free admission privileges, while 4211 were admitted on Legion Day this year. The Civil War veterans and their wives were not as largely represented dur- ing the fair as in 1920. A total of 1692 took advantage of this year's free admission as against 2566 last year. More women, representing a wnder field of interests, attended the programs and demonstrations in the women's department of the 1921 Iowa State Fair than ever before in the history of the exposition. On the second day of the fair officials in charge of the women's building had to call for extra help to handle the crowds. Up to the 68 'I*WENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II close of the fair practically every program, meeting and demon- stration was crowded to capacity. The program in the women's department this year was more elaborate than ever before. Practically every women's interest and activity in the state was represented. As in former years, the baby health contest, with competitions both for city, town and rural babies, held the center of interest throughout the fair. Of equal popularity were the pageants and plays. The "Legend of the Rose", presented under the direction of Miss Essie Hathaway and carrying a cast of 50 costumed chil- dren, was one of the most pleasing features of the program. The Little Theater plays, supervised by L. Worthington Smith of Drake University, were also among the interesting items on the daily program, A state conference on the subject of the Little Theater brought out a profitable discussion for those in attendance and lent an added impetus to the work along these lines which is being conducted by the various cities at the present time. One of the most helpful features of the department was the Milk Fairy Pageant, put on by the State College in cooperation with the Dairy Council and similar interests. The style shows were elaborate in the extreme this year. Twenty-five different dresses, cloaks and other articles of apparel were shown each day on living models. A runway through the audience assisted in the study of the various types shown. Home economics lectures and demonstrations put on through the Extension Department of the State College were of wide in- terest and drew packed rooms each day. Canning, cooking and sewing demonstrations were equally popular. The playground for children, under the Des Moines Playground Association, was an added convenience which appealed to mothers. Special supervisors were in charge of the play and all sorts of ap- paratus for the youngsters' enjoyment was provided. The amusement program of the 1921 fair was easily the most elaborate and the most carefully planned of any ever arranged on the Iowa exposition grounds. Everything from Ruth Law's Fly- ing Circus to the big night fireworks spectacle in front of the grand stand was selected from the finest outdoor entertainment ofifer- ings to be found in the country. Auto racing, horse racing, hippo- drome, balloon ascensions, auto polo and similar features thrilled the crowds in front of the grand stand. Adding to the carnival spirit were eight bands, orchestras ^n(J drum corps, providing con- PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 69 tinuous music in various parts of the grounds from nine o'clock in the morning until the close of the night shows. There is presented herewith extracts from write-ups of the fair from a number of the leading agricultural and live stock papers. These reports were written by representatives who spent the full week at the fair and had an excellent opportunity to study and judge the fair from every angle. The criticisms, which in prac- tically every instance are of a constructive nature, as well as the praise of the fair, have been included in the extracts. These ar- ticles give, an unbiased report of the fair, and no report of the fair that might be prepared would be complete without them. FROM THE IOWA HOMESTEAD, DES MOINES, IOWA The Iowa State Fair and Exposition, held at Des Moines last week, was a marked success from an educational point of view. It was one of the best, if not the best, exposition of Iowa's agricultural resources ever staged. It was not the largest show in every respect that has been seen at Des Moines, yet in most of the departments the exhibits were larger and better than usual. From the standpoint of quality, the big show undoubtedly surpassed the best fair ever held in Iowa. Unfortunately, the attendance fell considerably below the records set in recent years. This is to be regretted because the real value to the .state of a good fair is necessarily measured in terms of the number of persons who see it. The falling off in attendance could not be laid to the weather, because weather conditions were ideal throughout the en- tire 10-day period of the show with the exception of Thursday night, when quite a heavy rain fell. This undoubtedly reduced the attendance on Friday, the last day of the fair. The Iowa State Fair, however, is not the only one that has recorded a decrease In attendance this year. At most fairs held so far this season the same thing has occurred. The trouble lies with financial conditions. Crop prices are low, besides farm- ers are busier than usual this year for the reason that they are trying to get along with less hired help in order to keep down expenses. With these conditions prevailing many undoubtedly figured that they could not afford to attend the state fair this year or at any rate they came to the conclusion that state fair expenses could be curtailed. While exact figures are not available at this time, a very close estimate of paid admissions place the number at 294,000 this year as compared with 384,000 last year and 406,000 two years ago. At first thought this might seem like a big falling off in attendance, yet we must not over- look the fact that the two previous years were record-breakers as com- pared with 1917 and 1918. When all receipts are in and all debts are paid, according to Secretary A. R. Corey, the books will undoubtedly be in balance. In other words, in spite of the comparatively small at- tendance this year, the fair association will practically come out even. If there should be any deficit, it will be a very small one. Total receipts up to and including Friday night amounted to $281,558. This was $104,- 70 TAVENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II 000 less than had been taken up to the corresponding time last year and $20,000 less than receipts up to Friday night in 1919. Everybody really expected a smaller attendance than the records made during the two previous years. Considering everything, the attendance of nearly 300,000 was really most satisfactory. In 1916 the attendance amounted to 291,000 and in 1915, to 245,000, so compared with those years no one has any reason for complaint. The fact of the matter is, that one can't escape the conclusion that interest in the state fair on the part of the farmer and his family is growing. Tent City up on the hill looked like a most prosperous place this year. Close to 500 farm bureau members had tents in the farm bureau section and it is conservative to say that fully 3,000 men, women and children were housed on this part of the grounds, which was nearly twice as many as camped there last year. There were, of course, many addi- tional campers, but these 3,000 were farm bureau members. The big show itself was very superior. It was thought-provoking. As one studied the many breeds of live stock, each represented by the choicest individuals of its kind, the products of the breeders' skill and energy, one couldn't help realizing, in a measure at least, the important relation of agriculture to the welfare of the state as a whole. What would Iowa be, agriculturally speaking, if we didn't have our pure-bred herds of live stock and our improved grains? That the breeders of cattle, horses, hogs, sheep and poultry are making progress from year to year and that greater general interest is taken in the livestock ex- hibits at the fair was never more evident. While the live stock was being judged, the judging pavilions were filled with interested spectators. This was particularly true of the hog pavilion where interest was intense and where the judge's every decision was critically examined and commented upon. The fair management deserves credit for the manner in which the whole show was handled. The advance work for the fair had been well done and the show had been well ad"t^ertised. Every preparation had been made tor the comfort alike of the exhibitor and the visitor and satisfaction was expressed by all with the treatment accorded them. There were no overcharges on the grounds this year. Prices were reasonable, but Tlsitors did not spend as much money as usual. Concessionaires, there- fore, in many cases lost money. They did not sell as much as they had expected to, but little complaint was heard on that score. There probably isn't a farmer anywhere who has not read or heard about the value of pure-bred bulls for grading up scrub cattle, but to those who have had no practical experience along this line nothing is more convincing of the value of improved blood than to see the progeny from scrub cows and pure-bred bulls and to note their records either as beef or milk producers. Such an exhibit was seen in the cattle barn on the fair grounds last week. It showed the value of improved beef blood as well as of dairy blood for building up productive herds. Crusty, a cow out of a grade Jersey and sired by a registered Red Polled bull, had a record of 6,582 pounds milk and 313 pounds butter fat, according to a cow-testing association. No record was available of Crusty's dam, but if there had been it would probably have been con- PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 71 siderably smaller. A daughter of Crusty — Posie — sired by a scrub bull produced only 4,047 pounds milk and 185 pounds butter fat. Here was an example of the damage a scrub bull can do to a herd. Posie produced 2,435 pounds less milk and 128 pounds less butter fat a year than her dam. Think what it would have meant had 20 cows like Crusty been bred to such a bull! Yet thousands of farmers are doing such things every year. Another exhibit was a cow sired by a pure-bred Holstein bull and out of a scrub dam. Her yearly record was 5,469 pounds milk and 247 pounds butter fat. A daughter from this mating sired by a pure-bred Holstein bull produced 9,840 pounds milk and 420 pounds butter fat. Here was a second cross heifer that produced 4,371 pounds more milk and 173 pounds more butter fat per year than the first cross, showing remark- ably rapid improvement. Nettie 2d, another first cross cow, produced 6,903 pounds milk and 241 pounds butter fat per year. Nettie's daughter sired by a pure-bred Holstein bull produced 7,610 pounds milk and 299 pounds butter fat in a year, showing an improvement of 707 pounds milk and 58 pounds butter fat. Still another exhibit was the cow Nigger, a grade Holstein, that yielded 4,438 pounds milk and 190 pounds butter fat. A daughter of hers sired by a pure-bred Holstein bull produced 9,008 pounds milk and 308 pounds butter fat in a year, showing an increase of 4,570 pounds milk and 118 pounds butter fat. The average produc- tion of these three first cross cows was 5,603 pounds milk and 226 pounds butter fat a year, while the second cross cows averaged 8,819 pounds milk and 342 pounds butter fat — showing an increase of 57 per cent in the yield of milk and 51 per cent in the yield of fat. Had every Iowa farmer been able to see this demonstration of the value of good dairy sires in herd improvement we believe that scrub and grade sires would soon go out of use. An equally interesting demonstration of the value of good blood was eeen in the boys' and girls' baby beef class this year where there were three calves sired by Lord Gainford, a six-year-old Shorthorn bull owned by Lewis & Williams, Marshalltown, la. One of these calves. Count Gainford, was out of a pure-bred Shorthorn cow and won first In the Shorthorn baby beef class. Another of these calves. Laddie, was out of Old Timer, an old red cow of unknown breeding. Laddie stood fifth in the same class of baby beeves. Considering the fact that business has been dull this year for those engaged in the manufacture and sale of farm implements and machinery, the machinery display at the fair was exceedingly fine. Tractors, trucks, automobiles, gas engines, farm lighting plants, implements of tillage and other farm machinery were to be seen in large quantities on the grounds; in fact, the machinery display was most excellent, and those who made it are to be congratulated for their confidence in the future. This year no machinery men came to the fair with the expectation of many sales, but rather to show their goods to the public. Implement and machinery dealers were conspicuous by their absence from the fair, but exhibitors were well pleased with the interest shown by farmers. Tractor men saw no lack of interest in their machines, although they sold but few iron horses. All were convinced, however, that the future 72 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II of the tractor business is bright because manufacturers are constantly improving their machines and making them more serviceable and more practical for farm work. There was an excellent display of trucks on the grounds. They are rapidly becoming invaluable to the farmer, as may be judged from the number in use on the farms of this state and surrounding territory. The county exhibits in the agricultural building this year were the best ever. Taken as a whole, they were more attractive than usual in arrangement and general make-up. There were also more exhibits than usual — a total of 19, rpresenting one-fifth of the counties of the whole state. Then, too, we believe they had greater educational value than in former years. Much constructive thought had been put into them. There seems to be an awakening of interest in these county exhibits with a tendency to have them tell a real story of the activities within the counties they represent. This feature might well be emphasized, as the possibilities along that line are almost endless. There should be more leeway for variations in the products shown. For example, one county, in which practically no wheat is grown, had to exhibit wheat in order to bring up the score. This should not be necessary. There should be an opportunity to substitute products for each other in such a way as to represent the agriculture of any county to the best possible advantage. Pottawattamie county had the slogan "We grow our own soil build- ers," which was interesting. It caused inquiries to be made. The ques- tion at once arose in the minds of visitors as to what soil builders Potta- wattamie county farmers grew. The answer was that they grew all the common clovers and alfalfa, but that they were growing thousands of acres of biennial white sweet clover, especially for fertilizing purposes. This clover is seeded with small grain as a nurse crop in the spring. The individual farm displays numbered 14 and all were very taste- fully arranged. Last year there were 13 exhibits in this department. There were no marked improvements over last year in products shown, but here again there is too little leeway permitted in displaying the special line of work conducted by individual farms and still be in line for prize money. More liberal rules might also be worked out in this class so as to allow individuality in different systems of farm manage- ment to be presented. Though the Iowa apple crop was a failure this year, a real good dis- play of apples and other fruit was seen In the agricultural building. In fact, Supt. E. M. Reeves, Waverly, declared that the exhibits in his division were fully up to the standard set in former years. One exhibit — a model farm orchard — was very helpful to those who are contemplat- ing setting out fruit on the farm and aiming to take care of it. An acre of ground devoted to orchard purposes can easily be made the most profitable acre on the farm. Here is a list of varieties of apples recommended by the Iowa State Horticultural Society as shown at the fair: Two trees of Yellow Transparent, four of Northwestern Greening, six of Salome, two of Talman's Sweet, four of Wealthy, four of Malinda, two of Brilliant, three of Duchess, three of Fameuse, and one Whitney Crab. Of pears, two of Lincoln and two of Clap's Favorite were sug- PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 73 gested as most suitable. For southern Iowa the same varieties of apples were recommended, except that Jonathan and Grimes Golden should be substituted for Malinda and Northwestern Greening. In. the way of cherries it was suggested that there should be three trees of the Richmond and three of the Montmorency variety included in the farm orchard. Also some Concord, Woden, Moore's Early and Ni- agara grapes and some strawberries and a row or so of currants and gooseberries. A large number of nuts were on display, to which Superintendent Reeves pointed with considerable enthusiasm, saying: "Farmers in Iowa are so much interested in corn and hogs that they never even give a thought to nuts, which can be raised at a big profit in this state if given proper attention. I hope that men who can forego an income from part of their land for a few years will set aside a few acres for produc- ing some of the many good nuts that can be profitably grown in the state. They would be amply repaid for their efforts in a few years when the trees would come into bearing." The state dairy and food commission had the largest display of high- class butter ever seen at the state fair. No fewer than 111 of Iowa's 425 creameries had butter on exhibition, and all was of very high quality. Nothing scored less than 87 points out of a possible 100, while the high- est score was 98. Such a showing has never been made before. No less than 83 diplomas were issued, and since the butter had to score 92 points or better to 'be entitled to this award it can readily be seen that we have a lot of very efficient butter makers in the state. Iowa's dairy industry brings an annual income of about $150,000,000. That at least was the estimate of State Dairy Commissioner Barney for the year ending July 1, 1920. Owing to lower prices since then the figure for the year ending July 1, 1921, will be somewhat smaller. How- ever, dairy products have suffered less from deflation than any other farm product. New York butter prices at the present time are only about five cents a pound below those that prevailed a year ago. Other dairy products have also held up comparatively well. A cow and a dairymaid, made of butter and kept in a refrigerator — a real work of art — were admired by thousands of visitors. The cow, especially, was well done. There was scarcely a moment during fair week when this exhibit was not constantly observed by a score or more persons at the same time. It took over 500 pounds of butter to make this exhibit. The cheese display was very small and unimportant, but Iowa produces only about 790,000 pounds of cheese a year, while she pro- duces 96 million pounds of creamery butter and about 40 million pounds of farm dairy butter. The state dairy council in cooperation with the state dairy commission exhibited a model cow done in plaster of Paris. The council also called attention to the high food value of milk. In this booth, figures were also shown that the man who sold dairy products last year received much better prices, relatively, than the man who sold grain. The only lesson one could draw from these figures was that dairying is still the safest enterprise on the farm. The Iowa Fleece Wool Growers' Association, which has rendered a great service to its members in marketing their wool during the last 74 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART 11 three years, was represented with a splendid exhibit of over 80 fleeces in the sheep building and another exhibit of blankets and automobile robes In the agricultural building. This year the association sold 11,250 double blankets to its members in exchange for wool at current market rates. Next year, several other lines, like auto robes, etc., will be added. The Iowa State College had a number of educational exhibits under the grandstand that called attention to some of the investigational work that is being done at that institution. One exhibit was of a 160-acre Story county farm as it actually is. On this farm, the following crops were grown this year: 45 acres corn, 31 acres corn, 4 acres corn, 4.4 acres corn, 5 acres clover, 4.5 acres rye, 3.8 acres hay, 8.4 acres pasture, 5 acres hay and 46 acres oats. Note that corn was grown in four fields, pasture in two and hay in two. In other words, the cropping system was without any plan. The fields were laid out in the exhibit exactly as they now are on the farm and crops were growing in them to represent the actual crops on the farm. Adjoining this exhibit was a suggested improved plan, under which the farm was divided into five four-acre fields, four 28-acre fields and one 24-acre field. For the small fields the following rotation was suggested: Rye, clover, com and rape, and corn and soy beans. For the large fields a five-year rotation of corn, corn, oats, clover and pasture was suggested. This improved plan made it possible to carry on a definite rotation of crops, save fencing, reduce labor costs and keep up the fer* tility of the land in better shape. The lesson taught was that it pays to devote some time to the management of the farm. The deparment of chemistry of the college showed an experiment in withdrawing the so-called vitamines from the food of a rabbit. Two rabbits had been fed normal rations till they were full grown, at which time both were in perfect health. For six weeks the vitamines were withheld from rabbit No. 1, while rabbit No. 2 remained on a normal ration. As a result No. 1 became emaciated in about six weeks and lost his eyesight. No. 2 remained in good health. No. 1 was then given feed to eat which contains certain of the vitamines and it at once began to improve, but the blindness has not been overcome, and never will. The lesson was that the vitamines — which are all found in whole milk — are essential to animal health, and that milk is an exceedingly valuable food, because of its vitamine content as well as its other nu- trients. A soil map of Polk county was exhibited, which showed every type of soil found on every farm in the county as determined by a soil survey made of the county by the soils section of the college. Complete soil surveys have now been made of 40 counties in the state and seven more will be completed this year. Fertilizer tests are being conducted on the different soil types and records made thereof. When this work has been completed it will be possible for the college to give definite in- formation in regard to the fertilizer needs of the soils on any farm In the state, and thus be of great assistance to farmers in the management of their soils from a fertility point of view. PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 75 Soy beans are rapidly becoming an important crop in Iowa for the silo, but seed, for hay and for hogging and sheeping down purposes. Attention was called by the farm crops department of the college to the varieties best suited for these purposes. For hogging down and for seed the Ito San and Manchu varieties were recommended — the former for the northern part of the state and the latter for the southern portion. BEEF CATTLE. The beef cattle show was very fine from a quality standpoint. From a numerical point of view, however, it was not so good as it was a year ago but compared favorably with the 1919 show. Though few sales were made on the grounds, breeders appeared to be in good spirits. Most of them were of the opinion that better prices will soon begin to appear as there seems to be a strong demand for good beef-breeding stock throughout the state. The main trouble is that just now it Is difficult for prospective buyers to command the money necessary to stock up with the kind of blood many desire to add to their herds. There appears to be a strong tendency toward securing better stock not only among the farmers, but also among the breeders themselves. This, no doubt, is directly traceable to lower prices for breeding stock; hence, from the standpoint of building up better herds, present relative low values will ultimately prove of value to the beef cattle industry. DAIRY CATTLE. The dairy cattle show this year fell short of previous years in the number shown. Jerseys led in numbers, with Holsteins second. Only one Ayrshire was entered. Of the 25 head of Guernseys exhibited, 18 were shown by Dairyland Farms of Storm Lake. Holstein breeders from within the state did not hold their own in number of entries. Only about one-half of the total exhibits were from Iowa herds. Iowa Jersey breeders got into the competition much stronger and succeeded in annexing a majority of the premiums. The Jersey show was easily the highest quality exhibit among the dairy breeds and the most closely contested. Practically all of the classes were well filled. The Brown Swiss and Milking Shorthorn shows were largely confined to a few ex- hibitors, there being only two entrants in the Brown Swiss and three of the Milking Shorthorn division. SWINE. Iowa being the greatest hog producing state in the world has the greatest hog show in the world. The showing at the state fair not only is great in point of numbers, but in quality and in enthusiasm of breeders. This year was no exception, although there were not nearly so many animals on the grounds as a year ago. It costs more in freight to get hogs about the country this year and many breeders who ordi- narily make the fair remained at home. 76 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II Not all the hogs on exhibition were led into the show ring to be judged, however. Ordinarily the state fair is a good place to make sales and much stuff is brought there for that purpose. Buying was much less lively than usual, although hog breeders feel they are shar- ing better than many other classes of farmers. This year the sellers were more on the lookout for buyers than prospects were for the stuff to buy. The boys' and girls' pig club stuff constituted no small part of the total hogs shown. These pigs for the most part had been well fitted and there were more than 400 of them. They not only were exhibited in the club show, but were led into the ring in the open classes and many of them found places well to the top. Iowa has one of the best horse shows to be seen at any state fair. This is because its entries come almost exclusively from Iowa and Illinois, which are the two foremost horse-breeding states of the Union. A few years ago much more foreign-bred stock was to be seen than could be found this year. Horse breeders of this country have demon- strated that they can breed as good or better stock than they can im- port and they proved the fact at this year's fair. Among all breeds the quality was outstanding and all the more credit is due the exhibitors because they raised most of it rather than having imported it from European breeders. There always will be a place on the grain belt farm for the draft horse. Without doubt the coming of the tractor has cut into the horse busniess in general, but mechanical power never will make horse breeding an unprofitable enterprise. Horse breeders who have investigated the situation pretty thoroughly are of the opinion that the present number of breeding mares and stallions is too small for the country's needs and that consequently there will be good money in the horse business during the next few years. The lighter showing made at the fair this year undoubtedly is due to the higher transporta- tion charges and general business depression than because of tractor competition. POULTBY AT STATE FAIR. The poultry classes this year were among the largest in history, the entry list totaling 2,110 birds and the list of exhibitors numbering more than 1,800 people. Of this number, there were something like 900 ex- hibitors in the junior classes, or boys' and girls' poultry clubs. The feature of the show was the quality of stock shown by the boys and girls. It was of such high caliber and so uniform throughout that, from a fancier's standpoint, it is safe to say that the youngsters had the best show of the two staged in conjunction in the poultry building. The improvement in quality shown this year as compared with last is so great that it speaks volumes for the club work. It is making real poul- try breeders of the boys and girls engaged in the work. PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 77 FARM BUREAU AT THE FAIR. Monday, August 29th, Farm Bureau Day at the Iowa State Fair, was a red letter day to thousands of Iowa farmers who came to Des Moines to listen to farm bureau gospel and to talk over the times with their fellow-farmers of the state. In some respects, it was a great success, while in others it was disappointing. All admitted that great progress had been made from the day three or four years ago when only five or six tents were to be found in the farm bureau camp on the hill, to the present when the section was crowded, but there was some disappoint- ment evident because of the small attendance this year. But that was characterized as but a reflection of the present condition of the farmer. The program was ample and occupied the entire day, begnining shortly after 9 o'clock in the morning at the big assembly tent below the poultry building. It was largely inspirational in character, backed up in degree by an undercurrent of determination to stand fast and hold together during this period of crisis for the farm bureau movement. C. W. Hunt, president of the Iowa State Farm Bureau Federation, was the opening speaker. He recounted the deplorable condition of agri- culture today in a few terse comments. Agriculture he characterized as the basic industry of all in our economic life. "If it fails," he said, "all will fail." And the crowd agreed with that cryptic remark. "It will fail," the speaker warned, "unless we get better remuneration for the products we raise than we get today. We have reached the peak of land values now; the time is gone when we can afford to sell our products for less than the cost of production. The price level of prod- ucts must be raised, if we are to pay our debts; it must go above the pre-war level — I am not prepared to say how much — but it is away below that level today." He then turned his attention to the farm bureau movement and the chance of the movement solving the economic tangle now confronting the farmer. "The time has come in this critical period for the farm bureau when we have got to fight, and when we win, as we will, the other interests who are now opposing us will find that we are not hurt- ing them. The danger of the present — the real danger — is from poison 'on the inside. And let me tell you now that if we fail — if this farm bureau movement goes down — we will make a race of peasants!" Mr. Hunt outlined what he considered to be the chief accomplish- ments of the Iowa federation to date — its own justification for its existence, as being: (1) The accumulation of statistics on the cost of production on Iowa farms, and he mentioned several instances where these statistics had been used effectively by the farm bureau; (2) the fact that the federation had stopped the move by Federal Reserve Bank oflicials to force liquidation of farm debts a year ago. "If that program had gone through," he said, "75 per cent of the Iowa farmers would be bankrupt today and 90 per cent of the banks would have closed their doors"; (3) legislative accomplishments, in the way of 18 bills passed out of 23 introduced in Iowa legislature. Mrs. Richardson, of Pella, la., followed Mr. Hunt as representative of Iowa farm bureau women. Mrs. Richardson made probably the most effective speech of the day. She held the crowd in a blistering heat 78 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II for more than an hour. Her talk was crammed full of good sense and happy witticisms. So good was the impression she made that Presi- dent Howard, of the American federation, invited her to speak at the annual convention at Atlanta, Ga., in November. "Some of you may wonder," she said, in opening, '"why I, an ordinary farm women, should be on the program to talk to you today. I only want to say that I am one of those women who always have something to say!" She clinched this with an Irvin Cobb story which originated at Oskaloosa, in her home county last winter. The famous humorist had just concluded a lecture there when a lady rushed up to him and said: "Pardon me, Mr. Cobb, but is it true that you men prefer the talkative woman to — ah — the other kind?" Cobb rubbed his chin re- flectively a moment and drawled: "Ah — which other kind?" Mrs. Richardson sketched the part woman has always played in the farm movement from the day the prairie schooner set out into the Great West in the uncertain search for a home and a hearth; from the time little graves were made by the side of the trail in the unknown land, and on grimly towards the setting sun until the goal had been reached; then came the establishment of the farm in the wilderness, the building of homes and their development — with the woman stand- ing by the side of the man and playing her full part, doing her full share. "And she has continued to play her full part down to this very hour," Mrs. Richardson added, pointing out the part farm women had in winning the war. John W. Coverdale, secretary of the American Farm Bureau Feder- ation, opened the afternoon session. He dealt largely with the problems confronting the farm bureau as a whole, setting out the fact that all depended upon the measure in which the township organization was kept alive and functioning. He thought four things were necessary to restore the farmer's buy- ing power, and stated that they were the chief concern at the present time of the American federation: (1) Marketing, (2) finance, (3) in- formation, and (4) legislation. "The farm bureau should not go into the mercantile business," he said, "for the purpose of putting anyone out of business. The farmer must commercialize his products so that they can be sold." J. R. Howard, president of the American Farm Bureau Federation, was also present and made the main address of the day. Mr. Howard also touched upon the economic condition of American agriculture and the mission of the farm bureau. "Mistakes have been made by the farm bureau," he said, "'I am frank to admit, but they have been mistakes of the head rather than of the heart." He condemned the deflation program inaugurated a year ago as hav- ing been shortsighted and ruinous. "The European banker outwitted the American banker in not deflating their currency," he said. "As a result, the European peoples are paying off their debts in the very same money that they contracted them in, while we are paying our debts in a deflated dollar." The transportation question he characterized as one of the "'big' questions confronting the farmer. "When we have a surpitis we must PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 79 immediately go into the transportation business," he said. The railroad situation he considered offered slight chance of relief to the farmer in the immediate future. He flayed the guaranty proviso in the Cum- mins-Esch bill and called it "the rankest piece of class legislation I ever had anything to do with." Immediate relief is not in sight, according to Mr. Howard. "We are not going to get immediate relief. The cards are stacked against us, I am sorry to say." The Great Lakes waterway project he considers the solution for the transportation diflaculties of the corn belt farmer. The project of bringing ocean-going vessels to Chicago and other Great Lakes ports and the draining of the Mississippi river can be accomplished for one- fifth the amount of money appropriated for war purposes the past year, he stated. And it will save 10 cents per bushel on freight costs on wheat alone. Congressman Dowell, author of the federal road bill which recently became a law, and Congressman Dickinson, chairman of the house ag- ricultural bloc, both Iowa congressmen, were called upon for a few remarks. They flattered the farmers of Iowa on the power of the farm bureau in the legislative halls. Secretary E. H, Cunningham, of the Iowa federation, concluded the program. UNDER THE ROOF OF THE WOMEN S BUILDING AT THE STATE FAIR. Beginning at 9 o'clock every morning and lasting until 5 o'clock In the afternoon with a short noon recess the women visitors at the state fair were given the greatest program ever presented under the roof of the women's and children's building. If the auditorium had been twice as large as it is, there is no doubt it would have been packed at every demonstration. Iowa women know that their part of the fair is as fine as any department on the grounds, and they go to learn and to be entertained. A visitor from Minnesota was heard to remark that such crowds of eager listeners could not be gotten together for the women's program at their state fair. Of all that is good, Iowa affords the best, and the women of Iowa who come to the fair come to take home with them everything they can for the betterment of their homes and com- munities. You recall that a few years ago much of the women's program was concerned with cooking and preparation of foods, and those of us who saw and listened also demanded to taste. We demanded the proof of the pudding. This year's program had very little to do with cooking, but instead of lectures which the listeners could only remember in part, the ideas were presented by actual demonstration. What we see is often longer remembered than what we hear. Miss Margaret Baker, of the extension department of Iowa State Col- lege, had a group of rural school children who were camping on the ground. Each morning at 9 she conducted a class in nutrition before the audience, just as she would do in a school. The children were weighed and measured, and given the proper instruction to meet their 80 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II condition. If one is not actually sick, it does not follow that he is physically fit. "Health should be preached," says Miss Baker, "as a sacred right and a patriotic duty." Among ohter things Miss Baker stresses starting the day with a good breakfast, fresh air, sunshine, play and exercise, some rest during every day, no overwork, plenty of sleep, certain foods and good fitting and suitable clothes. All these things she taught her class of children in just as entertaining a way as any class in school should be. The class in nutrition was properly followed by the Milk Fairy pag- eant. This drives home the necessity of milk in the diet as no amount of lectures could do, and gives the children the opportunity of taking part in a delightful pageant. Johnny, who is an undersized, irritable child, tells the doctor how he hates milk and simply will not drink it. After Johnny is asleep, the milk fairy appears, and with her a troop of lovely fairies representing the various elements of milk. The fairies are dressed in filmy frocks of all the rainbow colors. They dance for Johnny and sing him songs, telling of the virtue of each element they represent. In the corner of the stage Is a huge milk bottle draped with our country's colors. The result is that Johnny awakes to tell his mother of his wonderful dream and his resolve to do the doctor's bidding and drink lots of milk. The presentation of this pageant at the fair is a story in Itself. The state fair board paid Miss Samuels for training the children who were gathered from the playgrounds of Des Moines. Miss McKee helped to select and teach the dances of the fairies. The state dairy council bought the material for the costumes. Mothers from Highland Park and other women who were interested made the costumes. The dairy companies of Des Moines sent cars to the playgrounds for the children and returned them after the pageant. The extension department of Iowa State College provided Miss Imlay and Miss Storm, who directed the staging and presentation. It is a splendid story of what coopera- tion will accomplish. A playlet, the High School Clothes Line, carried the audience to the question of suitable and becoming clothes for the girls of what is called the "flapper age." Five girls meet at the home of one of them quite by accident one day. They fall to discussing clothes, criticizing their own and those of their school mates. As a certain article of cloth- ing is mentioned a model appears on the stage showing it. In this way both the suitable and unsuitable garments from shoes up to hats are actually seen. Also, the modes of hair dress. The girls do not need to say much about them for in this case seeing is most certainly believing. Here, too, no description would be complete without the story of the origin of the play. The farm bureau women of Woodbury county had taken the subject of clothing for their year's project. At the end of the year they planned to put on some "stunt" which would show what they had been doing. So they wrote what was the beginning of this playlet, "The High School Clothes Line." Since then it has been added to and changed till now It is a play which any community large or small can PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 81 give with profit to all. The play was in charge of Miss Dodson and Miss Anders, of Iowa State College. At 1 o'clock each afternoon Mr. Clifford Bloom, of Drake University, led the audience in community singing. Only a few years ago this delightful means of getting together was unknown, and any attempt to get people to sing in large audiences would have fallen flat. Now it is a rare gathering which does not start off with a good sing. Mr. Bloom says every lowan should know all the words of America, The Star Spangled Banner, and Iowa. After the sing Miss Leiby, of the extension department, gave one of the most helpful features of the women's program, choosing a Becoming Hat. Women representing the various types of figure, face and hair dress, served as models. Many praised it as the most instructive part of the program, for in general women know less about hats and how to wear them than any articles of clothing. Then followed a demonstration of good posture, and its effect on health. Such simple things as the way we breathe, walk and stand were made decidedly important. It is not vanity to desire a good figure and a graceful carriage — it all counts in the big thing, health. Hollow chests, stooped shoulders, protruding abdomens, are all results of over- using some sets of muscles and failing to use others. So even the house- wife who has work a-plenty to do, should watch herself to see that she keeps all her muscles in good condition. Stopping two or three times a day to take several deep slow breaths will keep the chest muscles from disuse. The latter part of the day was given over to conferences and features which were more purely entertaining, plays and pageants, with a change in this part of the program each day. Then, of course, there were ex- hibits which were open all the day and one could drop in at any time. The child welfare exhibit, under the direction of the parent-teachers association. The art exhibit, which contained paintings and drawings by our own Iowa artists, as well as a fine exhibit of art from St. Louis. The library commission had a room where one could get information on libraries and the state traveling library in particular. Many farm women realized for the first time that no community in our state is too remote to get the benefit of Iowa's State Traveling Library for their schools or clubs. Mrs. Voldenberg was on hand to show women many kinds and styles of sensible shoes. At certain hours a free examination of feet was possible with expert advice as to causes and relief of trouble. There was the pleasant nursery and playgrounds where moth- ers could "park" their babies and little folks while they wandered about the exhibits unhampered. Incidentally the kiddies were much happier and more comfortable. Then, last but not least, in either Importance or entertainment, was the baby-judging room. And it was a rural baby this year who carried off the sweepstakes ribbon for boys. 82 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II CHEERING UP THE DARK ROOM. We have no desire to call up unpleasant subjects, but housecleaning is on the bill of fare for most of us before many more moons. Fortu- nately, fall housecleaning is no such woman-killing process as in the spring when stoves must be gotten down and the soot and smoke of winter tussled with. Fall housecleaning is more likely to be rearranging the rooms for winter comfort and brightening them for winter cheer. Have you a dark, cheerless room in your house that you do not enjoy sitting in long in wintertime? Or a room which seems in some indefinite way to need brightening? What can be done to make it attractive? If you can afford a little carpenter work, the first thing to think of is the windows. Can the single window be cut into a double one or a wider size so as to let in twice the light? Or if the wall space is needed for necessary furniture, two small windows over a mantel or bookcase will perhaps let light into an otherwise hopeless corner. If there is an outside door of solid wood, will having the upper part of glass mean more sunshine at times of the day? But if carpenter work is out of the question, plan to make the most of what window space you have. The draperies in the naturally dark room should never completely cover the window. The curtains should be very sheer and drawn back with straps to the sides of the window or else just side draperies of brilliant colors may be used, in either case leaving the center of the window free for light. The tendency is more and more to leave part of the windows uncovered in all rooms. We are not half so afraid of someone seeing in as we are of not getting enough of nature's sterilizer, sunlight. Just so simple a thing as a screen may keep out lots of light on a dull winter day, so off with the screens as soon as possible after frost. Turning from the windows to the walls, a wall finish or paper of yellow is the thing for a dull room. In fact, it is a mistake to use yellow in a room where the sunlight comes for any length of time, for yellow is too near the color of sunshine and is hard on the eyes. Repainting the woodwork to a cream color will work wonders in the dark room. Or abandoning a heavy, dark carpet for painted or varnished floors may turn the trick. It is quite likely that the dark room should not have the floor covered with a large rug, but with two or three small rugs of rather bright colors. But supposing the room must be brightened without any of these changes, what can be done? Well, we must look to the little things. Take down every dark or heavily framed picture and substitute colored pictures, even if they are not such good ones. Gilt frames help in such a room. Try putting a mirror in this room if it is a living or din- ing room. It is peculiar what a brightening effect a mirror will have In a room like this the very little details count for much; a white scarf on the table, bright candles, two or three colored cushions, or a bowl of the most gorgeous blossoms available. Plants will not thrive long in a sunless room, but on occasions of company, a geranium resting on the window sill seems to radiate cheerfulness. PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 8S Then if we look to the outside that no trees nor shrubbery obstruct the light, we can have every room a room that sings. FRESHENING UP HAT TRIMMINGS. Second to knowing what you want to do and how to do it in retrim- ming a hat, is having the old materials clean and fresh. If a milliner does the cleaning she will charge a good round price, but almost any of the ordinary trimmings can be freshened up at home. For feathers, make a good suds of naptha soap and lukewarm soft water. Let the feathers lie in this about 15 minutes, occasionally drawing them gently through the hand if the soiled places do not come out of themselves. Rinse thoroughly in lukewarm water, putting a very little bluing in the last water. If you can take the time it will pay to dry the feathers by shaking near a stove where the air is warm but not hot. Otherwise, hang them by the stem and shake occasionally. Only partially curled feathers are used much, and this desired state can be secured by using the blunt end of a knife, taking only a few fronds at a time and drawing them between the edge of the knife and the thumb. A slight curl often may be secured also by holding the dry feather close to some burning salt sprinkled over a stove. If the feathers were white or some pale color, they may be dyed at home. Secure a tube of oil paint the desired color and dissolve in gasoline, testing to get the right shade. The same method may be used to restore color in faded feathers. This is also a very good way of dyeing ribbon, since the gasoline and oil paint will not make the ribbon stiff as water dyes do. Silk ribbons for hat trimmings should be cleaned in gasoline if pos- sible. If soap and water are used, the ribbon will be left either stiff or without any life at all, depending on how much real silk and how much filler is in the fiber of the ribbon. As a matter of fact, our rib- bons these days are very little silk. Do not use a hot iron in pressing. If the ribbon is narrow it can be dried by wrapping around a bottle and then usually it needs no pressing. Velvets may be greatly freshened by cleaning with gasoline or some good commercial cleaner, using a soft cloth which is free from lint tc do the rubbing. Do not rub hard enough to flatten the nap. When dry and free from the odor of the cleaner, steam well and where the places are badly worn brush softly. Never attempt to press velvet, but stand a moderately hot iron on end and draw the velvet over it, the wrong side touching the iron. Flowers are the hardest trimming material to freshen. There is no successful way to restore cotton ones. Silk and velvet ones may be brightened up a bit by using the oil paint and gasoline treatment men- tioned above. This must be done by using a soft paint brush. But always remember that a limp or faded flower can spoil one's whole attempt to make over a hat. 84 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II FROM WALLACES' FARMER, DES MOINES, IOWA. Corn may be selling at 38 cents, and oats may bring only 23 cents a bushel, but hogs and cattle are still keeping agricultural Iowa in the lead of farming states. This was the outstanding impression given by the Iowa State Fair of 1921. Iowa breeders brought in carloads of the sort of stuff that turns feed into profits. Iowa farmers came in thousands to look the stock over and to take back home with them a determination to grade up their herds to a higher level. The exhibits of live stock in some cases were smaller than in previous years, but this was due largely to the absence of breeders from outside the state, whom the high freight rates dis- couraged. Iowa breeders, however, were there in full force, and with a show of quality high enough to welcome comparison with any pre- vious state fair. After the hard year farmers have just passed through, there was some doubt as to the support which the fair would receive. The fair board spent a good deal of effort in encouraging the farmers to attend. The joke was on the fair board. The farmers came in numbers as great as usual. The drop in attendance was due in great part to the absence of the casual one-day visitors from Des Moines and the neighboring towns.. Some of the farmers who attended this year may not come back next season, however, unless the board recognizes that the war is over and trims prices to pre-war standards. Comment among farmers on the 75 cents admission and the 75 cents and $1 admission to the amphitheater was general and decidedly unfavorable. The absence of city visitors cut down receipts a great deal, but it added to the comfort of the fair. The crowds were not so great; it was easier to see the exhibits, and there were only a few of the patent leather shod observers whose principal comment on the swine show is on the odor. The lady who last year identified a black cow to her friend in the immortal phrase, "They call this one a Shorthorn because it hasn't any," stayed away this fair week. The men and women who walked through the live stock barns this year were mostly people who already knew a good deal about stock and who were anxious to learn more. They found testimony to the value of good breeding in every stall. The lesson was driven home just a bit more forcibly, however, in the pure-bred sire exhibit. There was Lord Gainford, a pure-bred Shorthorn bull. Alongside was Old Timer, a very ordinary looking old red cow. And beyond them were two calves of that combined breeding. Lord Gainford had his mark on them. Roan Bob, one of the pair, won a handful of ribbons last year. The dairy pure-bred sire exhibit was even more impressive. Two cows, both very ordinary grades, each with a butter-fat record of around 300 pounds, were standing side by side. To the right of the first cow was her daughter, by a scrub bull, with a butter-fat production of 185 pounds. To the left of the second cow was her daughter, by a pure- bred dairy bull. Her record was 420 pounds. PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 85 There were a good many who took their pencils out and did a little figuring right there. The answer they worked out gave a clearer idea than many had had before of the actual cash value that a good sire adds to a herd. Perhaps the most hopeful feature of the whole fair was the amount of quality stock exhibited by the Iowa boys and girls. One of the dra- matic moments in the fair came on the evening of Tuesday, at the Horse Show, when 145 boys and girls led as many baby beeves into the arena. To the farmers In the audience, this was a sight that bettered beyond all measure the fireworks display that was going on over in front of the grandstand. That exhibition of haby beeves proved that Iowa was raising another generation of live stock men and women who would keep the state at the head of the procession for many years to come. Although the live stock was the big feature of the fair, it was only one part of a very well balanced exhibition. The agricultural exhibits were unusually good. Twenty-two counties competed in the county exhibits, as against seventeen last year. The competition was more severe, and the exhibits of a higher order than in any previous year. Polk county repeated its victory of last year by scoring higher than any other county. In the state at large, Polk was first, with Guthrie, Potta- wattamie, Carroll, Cass, Decatur, Poweshiek, Mills and Story following in that order. Iowa State College had an unusually fine exhibit. Demonstrations and exhibits of a practical nature made this section under the amphi- theater one of the prize places for those visitors who came to get the most educational value possible out of the fair. The community theater, whose workings were shown by Ames students, was also a big draw- ing card. Up in the agricultural building, there was one corner of the hall that always drew a crowd. This was the wool exhibit. A tin can full of shoddy was shown beside a bolt of cloth from virgin wool. The sign above asked, '"Which do you wear?" Methods of tying up a fleece, the different grades of wool, and the different stages in the process of manufacture were shown. Blankets of the sort that sheepmen are having made out of their surplus wool were also on exhibition and proved to the crowd by their excellence the importance of getting real wool into manufactured fabrics. Mr. and Mrs. Volt, of Tama county, assisted by Miss Mary Plootman, of Van Buren county, gave a demonstration of the old fashioned method of manufacture of wool cloth through every stage of carding, spinning and weaving. Manufacturers of farm machinery and equipment of all sorts were on the grounds in full force. The many farmers, who realize that inefllcient labor is the most expensive thing on the farm, took in this feature of the fair very thoroughly. "Hired men are the biggest source of trouble and expense on the farm," said one farmer to a friend, as he looked over one exhibit. "I can produce cheaper if I fix things so that the boys and I can run the place without hired help. Buying a machine that will let each of us 86 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II do 25 or 50 per cent more work will be a lot better for profits and for the farm generally than if we spent the money hiring extra men." In general, this Iowa State Fair can fairly be said to have rendered a more real service to the state than any fair in recent years. It showed visitors and business men that the Iowa farmer has not been daunted by hard conditions, but that he is coming back with all the old drive and force to make his live stock show him the way out of the depression. It gave the Iowa farmer himself a new realization of his own strength. For thousands of farm families it made an inspirational vacation, a beneficial change from the routine of farm work. It is safe to say that many farmers who attended the fair have gone back home with new hopes, new determination and new ideas that will be transmuted into a revival of agricultural prosperity. THE BEEF CATTLE SHOW. Breeders of cattle turned out in force and brought their best produc- tions to the 1921 Iowa State Fair. Despite the radical readjustment which has taken place in the pure-bred business during the past twelve months, the numbers of beef cattle exceeded the big show of 1920. Shorthorns on the ground numbered 273, compared with 203 last year. A total of 216 Herefords appeared, as against 202 in 1920. The Angus show increased from 104 to 115. Altogether, the beef cattle interests of Iowa may well be proud of the manner in which their breeders sup- ported the show this year. The show was featured by a goodly number of new breeders. A general tendency toward showing fewer highly- fitted cattle was noted. The extreme heat of the summer and of the past two or three weeks of the show season had left its marks upon the cattle, and many of them lacked the bloom that they would have shown under more favorable conditions. A very gratifying show of Red Polls was out, and also a large exhibit of Polled Shorthorns. THE DAIRY CATTLE SHOW. From the standpoint of numbers the dairy cattle show was disap- pointing, the count of animals in this division showing the most marked reduction of any of the live stock departments. Some of the strong herds customarily seen at the Iowa fair were absent from this year's show. A situation which lent encouragement, however, was the pres- ence in the competition of new breeders and new herds. For the most part the cattle shown reflected great credit upon their showmen and despite its limited numbers the show proved a source of gratification to the dairy interests of the state. HORSES. The draft horse show at the Iowa fair was excellent in regard to the individuality of the animals shown, but hardly as large as some of the PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION ST previous shows. The best classes, so far as size and uniformity were concerned, were the futurity classes and two-year-old filly classes. In- quiries at a good many of the breeders' stables showed that people are beginning to take a larger interest in horses. Several exhibitors stated that they had more inquiries at the fair this year than at the past two seasons combined. It seems that a reasonably good trade can be ex- pected as conditions improve. The show of draft teams was strong, with J. C. Ritchie winning on a team in a field of seven. The light horse show was very attractive, and larger than last year. The night shows were very attractive also, and good competition was furnished in all classes. THE HOG SHOW. Absolute faith in the hog business could not have been better attested to than by the huge exhibit of pure-bred animals of every breed, which were collected under the mammoth swine pavilion on the Iowa State Fair grounds last week. It was to be expected that numbers would slump some from the banner year of 1920. However, the same high standards of quality for which the Iowa show is noted prevailed among the swine exhibits last week. Interest in the show was keen, particu- larly in the younger classes, which resulted in bringing out large exhibits of well-fitted pigs. THE SHEEP SHOW. The show of sheep was a decided credit to the state of Iowa. Numbers held up very well in comparison with last year, and the individuals shown were creditable representatives of their breeds. A new standard for wool shows was set at the fleece wool show promoted by the Iowa Fleece Wool Growers' Association. Much interest was manifested in it. A woman gave the keynote of Farm Bureau Day at the Iowa State Fair. Mrs. H. R. Richardson, of Pella, stated: "We are now in the middle of the journey. An organization is always enthusiastic when it starts and in the end it usually has a lot of pep — but when we are in the middle of the journey, or road, as at the present time, things are sometimes slow, dry and monotonous. "We must make a stand at the present time and let the people know whether we are for the 'Farm Bureau or against it. The woman's part is just as important as the man's. The man who deprives his wife of the privilege of standing by his side in this hour of depression is de- priving her of the work which she should be doing. The Farm Bureau must champion the women standing side by side with the men." President C. W. Hunt, in his opening remarks, urged a return to a higher price level when he said: "Agriculture will fail unless we get better remuneration than we are getting today. We can not pay our national debts at the present price level. Finances must be arranged so that the farmer's price will increase so that we can meet other fellows' prices on a higher level. We are not going to be satisfied to continue to sell our products at less than cost of production." 88 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II Mr, Hunt emphasized the fact that the biggest danger of the Farm Bureau at the present time is not outside opposition, but the danger from inside of the organization. He named four principal accomplish- ments of the Farm Bureau: First, the securing of figures and statistics on the cost of production; second, the saving of the state from bankruptcy by showing to the financial authorities that it was impossible and Im- practical to force liquidation during the past year; third, the legislative work in which the Farm Bureau secured the passage of eighteen bills out of a total of twenty-three which they prepared; fourth, the recent work on the equalization of taxes. The tax hearing was the first time that the farmers have been represented in any organized way, and the result was an increase in the taxes of public utilities, while farm values were left at the 1919 figure. Farm Bureau songs, a large number of which were the result of the recent Wallaces' Farmer contest, helped to keep the crowd in an enthusiastic mood. Professor Tolbert MacRae, of Ames, who was one of the judges in the song contest, led in the community singing. The song called "The Optimist," which is sung to the tune of "Turkey in the Straw," was undoubtedly the favorite with the audience. There are now 1,122,000 families in the American Farm Bureau Fed- eration, representing forty-seven out of the forty-eight states, according to the figures that were presented by J. W. Coverdale, secretary, in his brief talk before the meeting. He emphasized four points as the prin- cipal work of the American Farm Bureau Federation. Marketing was the point most emphasized, in which the American Federation has been responsible for the appointment of special committees along grain, live stock, dairy, fruit and cotton lines, for the working out of commodity marketing organizations. Along finance lines, the Federation has also been doing considerable study. Through their research bureau, they have been endeavoring to furnish intelligent information, and, lastly, their legislative work at Washington has been responsible for the representation of farmers' interests. "The thing that has been hurting all of us is that we did not have a world peace one and one-half years ago," is the remark of J. R. Howard, president of the American Farm Bureau Federation, at the close of his talk. He further stated that he feels that President Harding has the biggest opportunity in the coming peace conference of any president since Abraham Lincoln. In speaking of legislation, Mr. Howard gave special credit to the agricultural bloc in both the senate and the house of representatives. The recent legislation which the Farm Bureau has been especially be- hind, has been the packer bill, the grain exchange bill, and the farm finance bill. The transportation question was also discussed by Mr. Howard. He answered the criticisms that have been made relative to railroad legis- lation by stating that his instructions at the time the Cummins-Esch bill was passed were to work for the best bill that was possible, that would do away with government ownership. He stated that he op- posed at that time a guaranteed return, and that at the present, in addi- tion to opposing that feature of the bill, he also opposes the compul- PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 89 sory arbitration clause. The reason lie gave for opposing compulsory arbitration was that there is no connection between the board that de- cides the revenues the railroads are to receive and the expenditures to be made for labor. October 12 has again been set as the date for the annual member- ship drive. District meetings will be held in each of the eleven con- gressional districts, at which a worker from each township is requested to be present, as well as the Farm Bureau officials and others, so that everyone who goes out in the drive will T3e able to thoroughly explain the work. At the board meeting which was held, Mr. A. L. Middleton, of the U. S. Grain Growers, Inc., explained the status of their organiza- tion at the present time, and from his statement, it seems likely that the work of the organization in Iowa will start within the next month or six weeks. He stated that the Grain Growers has practically received the O. K. of the secretary of state, but as yet the finance corporation of the Grain Growers is not in shape to meet the approval of Iowa regu- lations. It is likely that the Grain Growers will hold a school of in- struction some time during the month. WOMEN AT THE IOWA STATE FAIR After spending several days at the Iowa State Fair, we came home with the conviction that in order to get anything out of the fair, one must have some real interest in the problems that are being analyzed. The very day we spent six hours in the women and children's building and went home marveling at what is being done in the way of grouping together the in- terests pertaining to child welfare and the home, we heard a woman who had spent half an hour there cautioning a friend: "Don't go to the women and children's building; all you hear there is the crying of children, and all you see is a hot mob of women and children straining their ears to hear what is being said on the stage." For those who did not get to the fair, we will briefly outline the points that interested us: Beginning at the top floor, in the home economics department, it was a very interesting bit of hallway. From the posters on the stairway with their informative verses to the table where milk soups were being served daily — squash, spinach, carrot and other milk soups that are different. Then the rats — usually not special subjects of interest, but these two stuffed rats were there to demonstrate the value of milk in the ration. One rat had received milk in his ration, the other had not, and the milk- fed rat was three times the size of the other. There were photographs also of rats, with the explanation: "These two rats were the same age and size and were started on a test, the diet of each being the same except for protein. Protein was supplied to No. 1 from wheat flour only, resulting in a slow growth. To No. 2 protein was supplied two parts from wheat flour and one part from milk. The rat made a normal growth. In both cases the percentage of protein and the nutritive value of the two rations were the same. Milk protein made the difference. 90 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II Another exhibit showed pictures of the same rat taken twelve days apart. The first picture showed the rat as it looked after it had been fed for thirty days on a diet suitable in every respect except that it was free from water soluble vitamines — a substance found in milk and succulent fruits and vegetables. The rat became so weak it could hardly stand, and would have died in a few hours. Its weight declined from 3.2 to 1.7 ounces. The second picture showed the same rat twelve days later after vitamines had been fed, with health and vigor restored and a weight of 2.9 ounces. To further drive in the value of milk, a poster with the attractive pic- ture bore the following verse: "I know a small girl, and what do you think! Coffee and tea were her usual drink; But when in the plan she used milk in her diet, Her health was improved and her nerves were more quiet." All through the week the home economics program went on with educa- tional addresses, demonstrations and bulletins upstairs. Downstairs babies were being scored, and hat demonstrations and style shows were drawing crowds. The "Milk Fairy Pageant" in the morning; the "High School Clothes Line" and the pageant, "The Legend of the Wild Rose," in the afternoon. (By the way, the directions for the Milk Fairy Pageant and the High School Clothes Line may be had from the Extension Depart- ment, at Ames, on request.) The Health Clown, in the Red Cross room, made quite a hit with the children. Dressed in white dotted with carrots, beets, radishes, etc., and with a whitewashed face artistically caricatured with red, the clown stood on the platform with scales and measures, a trained nurse, and a secre- tary who handed out red crosses with directions for health on the reverse side. The children were weighed and measured by the nurse, a card sent to the secretary, who made out their crosses and handed them to the clown to pin on them. Bobby was sent to the nurse with the word that he was six pounds underweight. Sorrowfully, she gave him a card and Introduced him to the clown: "Roco, this is Bobby. Bobby is six pounds underweight." Roco's face fell. "No!" he cried; "not six pounds under- weight, Bobby!" Bobby appeared to sense the misfortune and hung his head. Then Roco pulled him over to his knee: "Let me tell you, Bobby; you must drink milk! Don't like milk! Well, you try sprinkling a little cinnamon over it and you'll like it. You want to get muscle, Bobby. Feel my muscle," etc. The psychology of the health clown was that children do not care whether they are healthy or not, but they want to be big and strong, and his low-spoken talks to each individual child seemed most effective. The Little Theater drew a big crowd each day. The play, "The Neigh- bors," took especially well. The wool growers' exhibit in agricultural hall was a revelation to many. The only difficulty seemed to be that no one could buy the exhibits. We wanted to tuck a lovely brown checked single blanket under our own arm and go off with it for a couch cover, taking with it enough of the warm wool socks to hang for every child and grandchild at Christmas time. It was rather surprising to see how many women and some men seemed to know something of carding and spinning. PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 91 Men may think that women's interests lie in cooking, hut there was a smaller crowd of women about the pantry stores than about the educa- tional exhibits. It was the work of the boys and girls that drew the at- tention of women to the canning and baking, rather than the efforts of other women. In the boys' and girls' club building, the garment, cake making and poultry demonstrations drew good crowds. To us, this state fair held more of educational value than most, and the farm women who went with the purpose of learning all that could be learned in a short time, got much more out of It than they expected. FARMER AND BREEDER, SIOUX CITY, IOWA. The state fair is one of the most notable institutions in Iowa. It lasts but ten days, but in that short space of time it features the state as no other institution does. It represents in the aggregation of products and processes, the essential "agriculturalness" of this great commonwealth that lies in the center of the corn belt. This rural quality is not seen merely in Iowa's grain, fruits and vegetables, and in its splendid showing of high-class farm animals, but is manifested also in its industries, its public institutions, its educational system, its fine arts, its amusements, its people and its reputation for solidity of substance and sanity of judg- ment. As Iowa stands for the best in American life — with agriculture as the root and sustaining source of the wealth and progress of the nation — so does the Iowa State Fair stand at the head of all such expositions — registering as it does, the present status and yearly progress of its farm- ing people and the towns and cities dependent on the soil. The fair itself is at least 67 years old, having been held for a number of years in various cities in the eastern part of the state, but finally settling on its present site in the fall of 1886. There it has grown and prospered year after year. There have been ups and downs of attendance and financial balances, but in the main the tendency has been onward and up- ward. The fair has come to stay for all the time that agriculture itself shall endure, and there is little doubt that it will continue to expand and increase its usefulness and its glory. The fair this year was no less interesting and attractive than in former years, but the attendance was not up to the record-breaking years of 1919 and 1920. Those were years of spending and of going to and fro, and it was natural for great numbers of people to flock to the centers of amuse- ment and recreation as never before. This year is one of retrenchment — not only industrially but in the observation of those small economies on which are based thrift and saving. Many did not go to the state fair this year because they felt that they could not afford it. The general business depression naturally had its effect in lessening the crowds. Des Moines' transportation troubles kept many away. But in spite of all these nega- tive influences, the management were happily disappointed in the paid at- tendance, which was greater for the ten days' duration of the fair than in other years except those later ones when the war and its after-effects so largely increased the number of visitors. The total attendance was about five-sixths of the record of 1920, which is a very good showing consider- ing all the circumstances. 92 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II On Farm Bureau Day over 50,000 were present. President Howard and Secretary Coverdale, of the American Federation, and President Hunt and Secretary Cunningham, of the Iowa State Federation, addressed the large crowds that filled the Farm Bureau tent throughout the entire day. The weather this year was somewhat below the average in quality but made up in quantity — the first days of the fair being unusually hot and humid, and rain adding some discomfort on "Big Thursday." The exhibits at least smashed all records made during the last sixty- seven years. The wonderful array of pure-bred live stock filled the bams and sheds to overflowing, and in quality as well as numbers was unsur- passed by any previous exhibition. The machinery exhibit also was up to standard— manufacturers and distributors doing themselves proud In the face of lessened demand. There were no transportation difiQculties, in spite of the fears of those who wondered how the thousands of visitors added to the thousands of citizens could get anywhere with no street cars running. The street cars ran during the fair and with the shuttle trains on the Rock Island, busses and private conveyances took good care of the crowds to and from the city. Despite the feeling in some quarters that the pure-bred business had been badly bumped, breeders from all over the Middle West were at Des Moines with the best horses, cattle, hogs, sheep and poultry that have ever been seen at any fair. The cataloged entry list showed a total of 9,178 entries in the above divisions. The horse division was all that ardent horse lovers could desire, over 1,000 entries revealing a quality not frequently seen at one gathering. The cattle building was filled with the best exhibition of beef and dairy animals ever exhibited at the state fair, every division being well repre- sented except the Ayrshire, of which breed there was but one animal entered. The swine exhibit was fully as good if not better than those of previous years, over 2,848 pure-bred animals from all sections calling attention again to the predominance of the prolific and quick-growing hog as the one best bet of farmers and stockmen in Iowa and surrounding states. The hot weather of the early days of the fair caused a good deal of suf- fering and some losses among the large hogs. Sheep were well represented, the number of animals Increasing each year, which shows the tendency of farmers to raise more wool and mut- ton in small flocks throughout the corn belt. The quality of the sheep exhibit was about the usual average for past years. There were more fowls of all kinds and classes registered in the poultry department than ever before — thus recording an increasing intereS't among country folk and townspeople in the popular and productive hen and her more or less distant relatives. There was something of value and interest for every visitor to the fair in the extent and variety of the poultry and pet stock on exhibition this year. One of the outstanding features of the 1921 fair was the boys' and girls' pig club exhibit which far exceeded any previous effort — more than 200 exhibitors contesting for honors with 460 animals. This feature of educa- tional work among the young people of the farm can scarcely be over- PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 93 estimated. There was not only enthusiasm shown by the young exhib- itors, but the quality of many of the entries was sufficient to entitle them to a place in the open classes. Generally speaking, great improvement over previous years was shown in the number and finish of the animals prepared for this contest. In the Poland China classes, Oliver Burnstedt, Des Moines, carried off first prize. Lester Hanson, Atlantic, won first prize on the Durocs. Arline Brown, Webster City, won first on Chester Whites. Ralph Hibbs, Le Grand, won first on Hampshires. Ralph Berry, Atlantic, won first prize on Spotted Polands. John Porter, Jr., Bouton, won first on Berkshires. In the fat hog classes Virgil Brock, Adel, carried off the first prize. The boys' and girls' calf club was another exceptional feature of the live stock show, the baby beef and heifer classes being large and well fitted. There were 125 animals entered in the baby beef classes from the Shorthorn, Hereford and Angus breeds. The champion baby beef steer was shown by Vernon Shepard, Muscatine ,and the reserve champion was shown by Archie Brown, Nichols. A goodly number of excellent pure-'bred dairy calves was shown by enthusiastic boys and girls in competition, the three popular breeds in this section being represented. A parade of 1,500 boys and girls, all of whom had something of special interest to show or to do, was a conspicuous feature of the day on Wed- nesday the 81st. This splendid parade attracted attention and cheers from the grown folks all along the route, and revealed the activities of the juvenile organizations in agriculture, industry and home work. One of the most popular features of the fair is the camping privilege which is taken advantage of by thousands — many of whom take "first choice" several days before the fair is officially open. The grounds de- voted to this purpose now embraces 120 acres of beautiful wooded slopes which are always dotted with tents by country people attending the fair for an outing as well as for the educational and amusement features. Of the entertainment features at the state fair, about all one can say is that they seem to be the best available. There is variety enough to please all tastes, and while some of the midway shows are looked at ask- ance by certain classes of good citizens, they manage to attract many others who are not so particular. Taken altogether, the fair this year was a success from all standpoints except that of comparative attendance. The great collection of exhibits registering Iowa's progress in agriculture, industry and education, was fully up to standard, for all of which the fair management deserves credit in the face of obstacles and discouragements. There will be no loss this year for the state to make up, Treasurer Morrow, of Afton, stating defi- nitely as follows: "You can tell the public that despite a falling off in attendance this year, for reasons with which everyone is familiar, the fair will show a satisfactory balance on the right side of the ledger." As to the relative character of the fair itself, no better report can be recorded than the opinion of Mr. E. P. Puffer, General Traffic Manager of the Burlington Road, who stated: "I have seen many state fairs this year and in past years all over the country, but Iowa has this year the greatest fair exhibit I have ever seen. I don't believe such a collection of 94 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II live stock has ever been assembled before. It compares favorably upon its merits with the International." BREEDERS' GAZETTE, CHICAGO, ILL. "Maintained for the welfare of the people of Iowa" might well be the motto emblazened over every major feature at the Iowa State Fair, held in Des Moines last week. It was a good year to see the fair. There was plenty of room as well as plenty of time to ask questions; the attendance (275,000) up to Friday was 82,000 short of last year, but the large number of automobiles present indicated that much of the falling off was due to a decrease of urban attendance, making the fair even more of a farmers' gathering than in former years. While it is apparent that the average stockman is feeling the effects of the depression, following the "boom," it is also apparent that he is learning to enjoy his life and environment. At the state farm 'bureau headquarters the information was given out that more picnics had been held this year in Iowa than in any previous year. The beef cattle show was excellent; the dairy cattle display was fair; the swine show brought out some outstanding individuals; the sheep de- partment reported not so representative a display as formerly, but a large number of small breeders were listed as exhibitors. The draft horse show was regarded as the best exhibits made in some time by American breeders. The light harness and saddle horse exhibits were better than formerly, and at the night shows the crowds were large and enthusiastic. One department which has expanded rapidly and for which much space has been provided in the buildings is that of the boys' and girls' club work. Five hundred and seven boys and girls, 460 pigs, 190 calves and "baby" beeves, 30 sheep, 950 head of poultry and $3,635 in prize money, together with some free trips to Sioux City and the International Live Stock Exposition in Chicago, all scrambled together, made a happy mix- ture which kept the pot boiling, and gave the fair an aspect of activity that it would have lacked otherwise. The Iowa State College was well represented by departmental exhibits. The "Little Country Theatre," under the auspices of the public speaking department, entertained at three shows daily. The 20 county exhibits and 13 individual farm ex- hibits held attention in the Agricultural Building, both variety of product and artistic arrangement being apparent in all. Polk county won the blue, while the E. M. Wilson Farm at Guthrie Center won first honors in that division. One heavy rain the latter part of the week, followed by threatening weather, appreciably cut down the attendance. The Swine Show The hog show included 2,848 hog entries, distributed as follows: Po- land Chinas, 570, Duroc Jerseys 553, Chester Whites 509, Hampshires 510, Spotted Poland Chinas 163, Tamworths 62, Berkshires 48, Large York- shires 28, and pig club pigs 460. Compared with recent years, the Poland Chinas presented the strongest show, the Chester Whites being a close PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 95 second. The pig club was incomparably the best ever seen at the Iowa fair. The absence of the Poland China and Duroc Jersey futurity shows was noticeable, these having been previously held at Davenport, Iowa. Breeders reported an active inquiry, and sales were numerous. Prices varied widely. Salesmanship was a greater factor than in recent years. One Duroc Jersey breeder sold seven spring boars for $700, the lowest going at $65. A Poland China breeder sold twelve at $100 to $250. Chester White and Hampshire breeders had a considerable inquiry and made a number of satisfactory sales, as did also the exhibitors of the bacon breeds. The Sheep Show The sheep show was approximately equal in numbers to that of last year, but the exhibits were not quite so good in "fit." Shropshires, Hamp- shires and Cotswolds were strongest in numbers. Many of the entries were Iowa-bred. An encouraging feature was the large number of entries made by smaller breeders, who are just beginning. The Sheep-Shearing Contest This was one of the greatest attractions of the sheep show. For three hours sheepmen vied with one another in their skill with the power ma- chine clippers and shears. Twenty-three sheep were shorn, and blocked and trimmed in the fitting contest. Ordinary field lambs were used. Each shepherd drew for his sheep. One hour was allowed for the bloc"king and trimming contest. The boys made a remarkable change in the appear- ance of the lambs. The judges, in placing the awards, took into consid- eration the kind of sheep to begin with, the way that the shepherd han- dled his sheep, and the appearance of the sheep when the shearer had finished with it. CHICAGO DAILY DROVERS JOURNAL, CHICAGO, ILL. Iowa's state fair live stock judging pavilion has been outgrown, and the first permanent building on the grounds that are the pride of the leading agricultural state of the Union must be enlarged to keep pace with the cattle barn that is this week housing three and a half acres of cattle. Today these champions and grand champions of previous state fairs are being marshaled for the grand march across the street to the live stock pavilion where the judging events in the beef breed sections are in prog- ress. The draft horse men had the live stock arena to themselves this forenoon, and in a way to convince the onlooker that the horse is still playing a prominent part in the agricultural economics of the country. It was one of the best draft horse shows ever presented at the Iowa State Fair, and this Is Its 67th anniversary. Cattle Show "Best and Largest" The great cattle barn, sheltering here this week the premiers of the beef breeds, and dairy cattle that attract a great deal of attention from people of a state that is nearly as prominent in dairy progress as in the achievements that it can claim for itself in the beef cattle production. 9G TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II "This is the best and largest beef cattle show we have ever assembled at the Iowa State Fair," Dean C. F. Curtis, of Ames, said Sunday as he surveyed the array of purebreds in the great cattle barn. One naturally expects to see a great swine show at Des Moines, and one is never disappointed in this expectation. Record Trip From Springfield B. H. Heide, general manager of the International and president of the Illinois State Fair board, was an early arrival Sunday, coming on from Springfield, 111., where he gave the exhibitors invaluable aid in the hegira from Springfield and the Illinois State Fair to Des Moines and the Iowa State Fair. All records for transporting the live stock moved from Springfield to Des Moines were shattered this season, all of the 42 cars being on the grounds at Des Moines at 10 o'clock Sunday, after having been whirled across the prairies of Illinois and Iowa on an actual running time of 47 miles an hour after the Rock Island Railway took the special train over at Peoria, 111., Saturday afternoon. General Manager Jones, of the Rock Island, gave his personal attention to the movement of the live stock train after it was turned over to his line at Peoria, It was unloaded at Des Moines in less than two hours after arrival by special switching crews. In this way all the old-time delays between Illinois and Des Moines were obviated and a happy group of exhibitors completed the second lap of the Midwest fair circuit, virtually all of them having gone to Springfield from Sedalia, Mo., and the Missouri State Fair. The success of the cir- cuit routing assures a record-breaking live stock show at Lincoln, Neb., next we^k and at Topeka, Kan., the week following and at other succeed- ing state fairs on the Midwest circuit, formed last May in a meeting at Kansas City, Mo. When the Iowa State Fair reached the group and herd classes in the beef breed sections of the cattle show here ensued such an exhibition of live stock as has never been seen at this, the largest state fair in the corn belt, and noted for its live stock displays. Ranged on the outside of the arena of the live stock pavilion were 12 aged herds, or 60 head, of Shorthorn cattle, the aristocracy of the breed. On the inside of the big oval were arrayed 10 aged herds of the Here- fords, 50 head, the best of the Hereford show, and therefore premier whitefaces. A Wonderful Spectacle In other portions of the big arena, now far too small for the demands made on it, and at one time the largest live stock show pavilion in the world, were being shown the Aberdeen Angus, Red Polled, Holstelns, Brown Swiss and other classes, all large. It was a veritable kaleidoscope of color, with not an inch of room to spare, so thickly was the ring popu- lated with the breeds represented. The spectators' space in the center of the arena had been drawn in in anticipation of the big cattle classes, and there was an island of human- ity in the center of the arena, surrounded by a sea of cattle, while on the shore' or the arena seats, people were packed for the final events in the beef breed showings and for the dairy cattle shows that were opening. PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 97 Stage Setting Appropriate It was a great spectacle, especially worthy of being staged in a great agricultural section, young in years of settlement, but far progressed in animal and crop husbandry. Working as officials of the cattle show were Ames men, young and old, some judging, others superintendents of sections, others clerks, but all Ames men, and all Ames men in the spirit of being devoted to the best there is in animal husbandry. The finale in the Shorthorn show was a great event. Groups and herds were large and excellent, a fanfare to a great symphony of color and fit- ting. As much could be said of the Hereford show, an event seen but seldom, and probably not at any other place except in the American Royal or the International. The Angus show, when it came to the female and championship classes, developed into a regular Angus show. Truth is that when the bull classes were put to a close analysis there was much lacking to make the 1921 Angus show at Des Moines and the Iowa State Fair one to be compared with former years. FARM BOYS' AND GIRLS' LEADER, DES MOINES, IOWA. Over 600 Iowa club boys and girls occupied prominent seats at the 1921 Iowa State Fair. They showed the grown folks on the farms as well as the city visitors that they could produce blue ribbon stock, pick out the blue ribbon winners, select the best corn, prove 'by demonstrations how to cook, bake and sew, decorate the home and handle other phases of farm and home life. Club boys 10 to 18 years of age and some of their sisters, showed 460 breeding and fat hogs, 185 fat steers and heifers, 950 prize chickens, 28 purebred heifers, 27 purebred dairy calves and a fine bunch of purebred sheep, 28 boys' teams gave five demonstrations in animal husbandry and agriculture. Housing the Boys and Girls Four hundred thirty-seven boys were housed in the boys' dormitory with F. P. Reed, superintendent, assisted by Mr. Graham and Mr. Pipher, Y. M. C. A. athletic men. The dormitory is equipped to take care of a big bunch of boys. It has shower baths, toilet rooms, is well ventilated and comfortable. The state fair management furnished cots and mat- tresses and the boys bring their own bedding. Nearly 200 girls occupied the girls' dormitory as mentioned elsewhere. A state organization was affected and the following live club members of Iowa were elected as officers: President, Wm. Cihak, Creston; vice- president, Elmer Post, Moulton; secretary, Ivan Beck, Corning; and Har- old Pace, Muscatine, treasurer. County committees will be named by club leaders and members in each county to work with the farm bureau in organizing standard clubs in every township and county. A committee on county and state fairs will constitute one of these committees. All of these county committees will be recommended by the folks at home and then approved by the state officers. The boys were very enthusiastic about this new organization which will give them official standing at home and through the state and enable them to help build up club work in all of its departments. 98 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II Team and Individual Judging Contests Around one hundred and sixty-three boys and a few girls made up thirty-two judging teams and individuals consisting of county winners in judging work. They had been coached in judging livestock and corn and gathered at the state fair for the final test. The livestock judging teams passed on two classes of draft horses, two classes of market hogs and one class of dairy cattle and one of fat steers. The Baby Beef Show One of the big attractions at the dairy cattle barn was the baby beef show. "A finer bunch of Hereford fat cattle has never been seen at a fair or show ring," declared Mr. H. H. Killdee, in charge of the animal husbandry department at Ames College and one of the judges. Mr. Kill- dee also stated that baby beef club boys have proven that baby beef is the most economical and profitable beef on the market today. Baby beeves when finished weigh around 900 to 1,000 pounds and will run 19 to 20 months of age. Similar comments were heard from prominent judges and breeders. There were over 70 calves in the Angus class, 47 "white face" and about 30 Shorthorns. One Angus prize steer won the grand championship again this year. Purebred Heifer Division There was healthy competition in this class of club stock. Jefferson county and several others brought up some fine exhibits of Herefords, Shorthorns and Angus. Results In the Boys' Demonstration Team Work There were twenty-eight boys in Animal Husbandry and Agriculture demonstration teams, competing for honors at the state fair this year. Poultry teams lead with fourteen; five in the pig club, four in the beef; three corn, and two in spraying. The poultry team from Appanoose county won out in the poultry dem- onstration work and also won the championship over all the boys' demon- stration teams and won the much coveted trip to the Sioux City Inter- state Fair. Jefferson county dairy team won second. Club Poultry Makes a Big Show Last year Iowa poultry club members with the help of Mr. C. P. Earle, state poultry club agent, put on a very ambitious poultry show of 650 fine purebred chickens. At that time the work was organized in about twenty counties and the boys and girls show attracted a lot of attention for fair visitors and poultry breeders. This year the boys' and girls' poultry show was housed in the main poul- try building as the "junior department exhibit." Mr. Earle was sent out this year by the Iowa State College to organize the work in more counties. Many county agents called for Mr. Earle and this year a show consisting of 950 birds was put on. Mr. Earle reports seventy-eight poultry clubs organized in thirty-three counties and the demand for the work in other counties is growing. Fourteen demonstration teams explained every phase of poultry husbandry in the boys' and girls' building. PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 90 Boys and Girls Show Fine Purebred Pigs The pig club tent or rather its contents of prize porkers attracted gen- eral interest among swine growers and breeders at the Iowa State Fair and it was full of young breeders. A large tent was erected next to the sale ring building to accommodate some 416 choice club pigs. Owing to the heavy rain during the week, the ground became very muddy and pigs had to be washed whenever shown, Iowa boys and girls are putting on a fine pig club show at the Iowa State Fair. The Iowa pig club feature probably outclassed any other state pig club show in number and possibly in quality. Mr. J. E. Downing, secretary of the Berkshire Association, made the statement that Iowa pig club boys and girls had put over the biggest show ever seen at any state fair thus far. 100 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II FINANCES On December 1, 1920, the Department had on deposit with the Treasurer $73,354.64. There was an outstanding indebtedness amounting to approximately $33,000. This indebtedness was for balance due on contracts for the brick cattle barn and sale pavilion. This left a net balance, after paying contracts, of $40,000 for 1921 operations. The receipts from sources other than fair were $48,690.66. The principal items were state appropriations for the following purposes : Paving assessment against state fair grounds, $11,779.94; for addi- tional land, $4,513; repairs and improvements to buildings, $12,500; support fund for the Department of Agriculture, $2,400; and insur- ance premiums on buildings, $1,000. Other items of receipts were: Fees, Stallion Registration Division, $4,225.50; borrowed money, $3,000; rentals from sale pavilion, $1,181; interest on daily balance and time deposit, $2,119.48; salvage from brick barn No. 2, $1,535. The minor items are fully set out in the financial statement made a part of this report. Iowa State Fair The total receipts of the 1921 Iowa State Fair were $297,695.25. This was a decrease of $113,281.53 from 1920; $23,949.30 from 1919, and an increase of $46,498.63 over 1918. The latter year was the best year the fair had financially until the unusually prosperous years of 1919 and 1920. The receipts from ticket sales amounted to $184,708.50. This was a decrease of 32% from 1920 and 12% less than 1919, but exceeded the receipts from ticket sales in 1918 by 10%. The receipts from all other sources of the fair, including concession space rental, stall and pen rent, etc., were $112,986.75. This was a decrease of 20% frona 1920, and an increase of 3% over the receipts from the same sources during 1919. The attendance of the fair and the receipts compare favorably with any year, with the exception of 1919 and 1920, which years we are now obliged to look upon as abnormal and unusually prosperous and they should not be used in comparison with 1921 or as a basis for making up budgets or plans for future fairs. The itemized statement, made a part of this report, sets out in detail the receipts from all departments of the fair. PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 101 The total cost of the 1921 fair was $294,124.27, leaving a profit on the operation of the fair of $3,570.98. There was paid in cash pre- miums, $120,427.64. This was an increase of $7,807.49 over the amount paid in 1920. The other operating expenses, including cost of attractions, advertising, payrolls in all the various departments, in fact all the expense in putting on the fair with the exception of pre- miums, amounted to $173,696.63. This was a reduction of $12,- 970.91 in similar expenses of the 1920 fair. In other words, the management was able to reduce the total expense of the fair $5,163.02, and at the same time increase the premiums $7,807.49 over the amount paid at the 1920 fair. The items listed under expense other than fair, improvements or maintenance, cover the expenditure of the Department of Agricul- ture and items not chargeable under the above headings. The prin- cipal items are as follows : Expense of Stallion Registration Divi- sion, $3,752.77; PubHcity Department, $2,097.79; expense of 1920 fair paid during 1921, $2,077.19; paving assessment against state fair grounds, $11,779.94; bills payable, $3,000; and numerous small items fully set out in the itemized statement. The total expenditure under this heading was $26,609.51. Maintenance of Grounds and Buildings The item of maintenance of grounds and buildings has become of considerable importance and a heavy drain upon the receipts of the fair. The value of the buildings alone amounts to over $900,000. Figuring a depreciation or maintenance charge of 3%, would amount to $27,000 annually, and this does not take into consideration main- tenance of the light system, sewer system, water system, fences, streets and walks, all of which are charged to real estate. The Board expended during the past year, under this heading, $20,037.01 and the average expenditure for maintenance during the past three years has been a little over $21,000 per year. The Thirty- ninth General Assembly appropriated $12,500 for the two-year pe- riod for this purpose. The appropriation for this purpose should be increased to about $25,000 annuallv to take care of some large items that should have attention at an early date. These items in- clude a new roof on the swine barn and the grandstand, porch roof on the adminstration building, and re-coating the roof on machinery hall. 102 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II Improvements The Board did not attempt to make any extensive improvements outside of completing the cattle barn and sale pavilion. There was expended on this building during the past year, $31,109.05 and there is still due about $3,700 on contracts. This brings the total cost of the building up to $210,802, and to this should be added the value of the two brick barns incorporated in and made a part of the completed structure. The value of these two barns, based on cost less the annual depreciation, is $9,608, making the total cost of the barn, as it now stands $220,410. The other items of improvements are fully set out in the statement and include additions or permanent improve- ments to existing buildings. The total amount spent for additions and permanent improvements during the past year was $54,909.74. Summary The balance on hand December 1, 1920, was $73,354.64; the re- ceipts from sources other than fair, $48,690.66; receipts of fair, $297,695.25, making the grand total receipts from all sources, $419,- 740.55. The disbursements were as follows : Expense other than for fair, $26,609.51; maintenance grounds and buildings, $20,037.01; addi- tions and permanent improvements, $54,909.74; and expense of the 1921 fair, $294,124.27, thus showing a total expenditure of $395,- 680.53. This leaves a balance in the treasury November 30, 1921, of $24,060.02. ITEMIZED STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS OF THE IOWA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND THE IOWA STATE FAIR AND EXPOSITION FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING NOVEMBER 30. 1921. Cash balance December 1, 1920 % 73,354.64 Receipts from sources other than fair: Fees stallion registration division $ 4,225.50 State appropriation — support Department of Agri- culture 2,400.00 State appropriation, insurance on building's 1.000.00 State appropriation, paving assessment 11.779.94 State appropriation, balance on additional land... 4.513.00 State appropriation, improvements and repairs.... 12,500.00 Stall rent speed barns 448.25 Pasture rent 84.50 Sale of two old sheds 55 10 Sale of brick from cattle barn No. 2 1,094.00 Sale of shingles from cattle barn No. 2 441.00 Permit to move house through grounds 25.00 Three wheel scrapers sold 120.00 Use of grounds, football games 10.00 Use of grounds, motorcycle races 13.40 Use of grounds. .June race meeting 300.00 Proceeds from unredeemed tickets September 13, 1920 30.95 Sale of sugar sand 527.50 PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 103 Warrants returned 92.01 Bills payable 3,000.00 Rental g-round south of fence 20.00 Sale of two furnaces 100 00 Auto parking- privileges, Shrine Conclave 250.00 Sale of old typewriter 25.00 Reimbursement account expense Shrine Conclave. . 146.00 Reimbursement account expense Midv^'ay Entrance 219.80 Rental poultrv cooping 55.00 Kindling sold 20.00 Rental sale pavilion 1,181.00 Drayage cattle sale 165.00 Storage autos and trucks 64.00 Reimbursement account expense National Swine Show 491.94 House rent 133.00 Manure sold 25.00 Insurance on cattle barn 13.33 Insurance on live stoclc pavilion 89.55 Refund over-payment premiums 1920 fair 779.59 Refund over-payment accounts 107.41 Interest on account 2,119.48 Total receipts other than fair $ 48,690.66 Receipts from state fair: Stall rent horse department $ 2,001.68 Entry fees draft horse futurity 450.00 Entry fees saddle horse stakes 860.00 Stall rent cattle department 2,885.00 Pen rent swine department 3,897.50 T*en rent sheep department 459.00 Coop rent poultry department 690.25 Concessions, poultry department 267.00 Pen rent, rabbit department 33.00 Machinery Department: Floor space Machinery Hall $ 9,714.45 Floor space Power Hall 1,000.00 Shaver Building 250.00 Outside ground space 1,437.75 $ 12,402.20 Agricultural Building, concessions and space 2,080.00 Dairy Department, ice cream sales 1,953.60 Exposition Building, concessions and space 3,325.00 Concessions and privileges: General concessions $31,492.50 Wortham Shows (percent) 8,325.41 Grandstand concession (percent)... 2,078.78 Score card privilege (percent) 707.32 Giant Coaster (percent) 1,202.07 Old Mill (percent) 888.70 Model City (percent) 107.55 Official catalog 207.67 Delivery permits and tickets 823.00 $ 45,868.00 Light and power: Current sold $ 1,553.23 Labor installing 165.40 Lamps sold 45.95 $ 1,764.58 Speed Department: Entry fees $ 3,957.50 Nomination fees State Fair Futurity 392.20 Nomination fees Western Breeders' Futurity 1,390.00$ 5,739.70 Forage sold 10,942.07 Association special premiums 15,062.44 Advertising in premium list and catalog- 1.605.60 Day Nursery 93.47 Refund over-payment premiums 1921 fair 50.00 Vending machines 8.95 Refund over-deposit on Boys and Girls' Payroll... 65.00 Drayage during fair ." 22.00 Refund over-payment on advertising 37.50 Receipts, telephone 423.21 Total receipts of fair other than ticket sales .. $112,986.75 104 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II Ticket Sales: Outside gates $118,900.75 Dav grandstand 32,019.50 Night grandstand 30,031.75 Night stock pavilion 3,096.50 Total ticket sales $184,708.50 Total receipts of fair -> $297,695.25 Grand total receipts $419,740.55 DISBURSEMENTS. Disbursements otlier than fair or improvements: Stallion Registration Division: Salary, chief clerk $ 2,183.34 Salary, clerk and stenographer 1,519.50 Printing and supplies 41.43 Register Association books 8.50 Publicity Department: Salary, director $ 1,166.69 Salary, clerk and stenographer 207.00 Printing Greater Iowa 647.00 Postage Greater Iowa 27.85 Photos 19.00 Drayage Greater Iowa 7.00 Supplies, wrapping paper, paste, etc. 23.25 $ 3,752.77 $ 2,097.79 Expense of 1920 fair paid during 1921: Premiums 1920 fair $ 182.60 Medals 100.00 Light system (labor during fair).. 849.67 Meals for employes 41.50 Laundry, Day Nursery 33.30 Tent rentals 42.00 Advertising, country newspapers... 53.30 To balance, payroll Swine Depart- ment 40.00 Refund concessions 55.00 Tax on ice cream 594.32 Demurrage on car of oil 38.00 Refund stall and pen rent 47.50 $ 2,077.19 State Agricultural Convention 1,018.30 Expense of labor, cattle sales 699.21 Expense of labor, hog sales 91.75 Hauling poultry coops 20.50 Paving assessment 11,779.94 Expense June race meeting 399.08 Expense Shrine Conclave 146.00 Auto park fence. Shrine Conclave 51.75 Refund auto parking concession. Shrine Conclave. 198.25 Two typewriters 176.90 Office supplies 14.95 Advertising, country newspapers 1917-18-19 32.20 Miscellaneous labor 7.75 P^reight 15.04 Insurance premiums on buildings 674.52 Subscriptions for newspapers 32.15 Premiums 1919 fair 9.00 Middle-West Fair Circuit expense 100.00 American Association of Fairs, dues 50.00 Commercial organizations, dues 62.00 Binding 1920 award books 24.50 Premium ribbons 1920 fair 7.20 Bills payable 3,000.00 Interest on note '. 29.77 City Directory 10.00 Premium, Secretary's bond 25.00 American Saddle Horse Record Book 6.00 Total expense other than fair S 26.609.51 PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 105 Maintenance grounds and buildings: Landscape work $ 621.06 Hauling manure ^^I-^^ Repairing tools ^^"-^1 Hauling cinders 15.75 ("luting wood and brush 236.50 Truck and auto repairs '''i^-\l Fencing plants and flowers 70.75 Blacksmith shop, repairs S3. 50 Superintendent of Grounds, salary 1.950.00 Assistants, foreman and night watch 1.954.35 Gas and oil for trucks and autos 1,325.82 Mule team, feed, etc 195.23 Water except August and September H^'ln Water system, repairs laAn Administration cottage, moving 20.00 Cleaning buildings 263.62 Cleaning grounds 254.28 Ground drayage 484.73 Coal for Superintendent's ofRce 84.60 Grandstand repairs 100.86 Cattle barn repairs 109.78 Glass, putty, etc ^^^'^ Lawn seats, repairs 54.87 Brick horse barn, repairs 1,519.00 Drainage system, repairs 35.00 Speed barn, repairs 84.60 Lumber sheds, repairs 249.56 Substation, repairs 10.50 Streets and roads, dragging 149.50 Trees and shrubs, pruning 329.64 Race track work 9 63.00 Temporary hog pens, wrecking 43.75 Swine barn, repairs 95.75 Sheep barn, repairs 105.34 Sweeping compound 23.50 Repairing fences 73.05 Poultry building, repairs 50.60 Boys' dormitory, repairs 76.60 Mowing grass and weeds 652.68 Light system, repairs 2,296.51 Screen and window repairs 15.00 College building, repairs 17.25 Toilets, repairs 253.66 Live stock pavilion, repairs 347.82 General repairs 504.20 North Avenue entrance, repairs 1.67 Bleachers, repairs 41.94 Administration Building, repairs 107.03 Stenciling cots, chairs, garbage cans 62.00 Brick dining halls, repairs 177.47 Vaudeville stages, repairs 36.50 Horse barn No. 7, repairs 20.00 Turnstiles, repairs 54.83 Forage barn, repairs 4.00 Concession ground stakes 4.00 Sale ring cattle barn, repairs 98.31 Valley Junction dining hall, repairs 269.82 Board of Control Building, repairs 36.52 Flag poles, painting 10.50 Road oil 197.24 Freight on road oil 308.15 Walks and curbing, repairs 148.72 Camp ground bridge, repairs 28.78 Machinery Hall, repairs 187.75 Game farm cottage, repairs 9.50 Repairs to sulkeys, new wheels 52.00 Farm house, repairs 27.50 Dodd & Struthers Building, repairs 38 05 Women's and Children's Building, repairs 39.53 Agricultural Building, repairs 249.94 Padlocks and keys 30.55 Cottages, repairs 21.25 Old P. O. dining hall, repairs 17.14 Floral Hall, repairs 36.50 Total maintenance grounds and buildings.... $ 20,037.01 106 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II Additions and permanent improvements: Light system $ ^'^^V^n Streets, grading: and gravel oo^-i Walks and curbing -94.(1 Tools and Implements: Push carts $ ^^^'II Track harrows 14S.60 Road plow 28.00 Miscellaneous small tools 192.47 $ 482.84 Fair ground equipment: Furnaces and hot water heater.... $ 120.00 Garbage cans 75.60 Flv traps 37.50 Electric fans 212.00 Letter rack and rubber stamps.... 8.50 Flags 394.52 Satchels and shoulder straps 27.25 Ticket and cash boxes 7.50 Equipment, club dining hall 46.05 Close to Nature house 50.00 Mirrors 12.00 Police and gate keepers' badges... 112.30 Mason jars 20.00 Uniforms, night show 7.15 Ticket punches 50.00 Miscellaneous hardware 326.26 $ 1.506.63 Trees, shrubs and permanent planting 1,191.01 Electric lamps 1,833.13 Brick cattle barn: Payment on general contract $26,638.50 Plumbing contract 1,322.01 Heating plant, sale ring 721.97 Electric wiring 249.77 "Window adjusters 560.27 Sewer system 310.12 Filling sale ring 112.25 Architect fees 728.86 Cement floor, toilet room 46.50 Sale ring seats 176.51 Lumber 114.50 Hardware 5.25 Labor 88.83 Cement 14.91 Window shades 18.80 $ 31,109.05 Residence, balance on contracts 789.29 Farm house, basement and additions 830.71 Grading and seeding 249.50 Pasture fence, east of camp grounds 186 96 Spring house ^'^■''^ Poultry building, cooping 432.97 Girls' dormitory, new roof 241.40 Horse barn, new roof over entrance 179.98 Post office addition 220.08 Toilets, camp grounds 843.87 Farm Bureau Headquarters 69.08 Camp ground fence 1,998.10 Sewer system extension 199.42 Forage barn addition 110.56 Water system, camp grounds ^^^-^^ Midway entrance 122.73 Amphitheatre ^^^H' Boys' dormitory, toilet 92o.00 Swine pavilion, batli room 289 00 Administration Building 73.16 State College booths 570.12 Sheep barn, bath room 42. OC Lawn seats 187.61 Brick dining halls 19.50 Live stock pavilion 229.00 Camp ground ticket booth 12.78 Rabbit Building 59.45 Bovs and Girls' Club Building 60.82 Exposition Building 12.04 Lumber to yard 184.66 PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 107 Purchase Great Western Building Turnstiles Ticket booths Ticket boxes Telephone station Machinery Hall Blacksmith shop Street barriers Women and Children's Building, furnishing-s Auto parking sign Total additions and improvements 25.00 473.50 18.00 14.40 4.25 3.65 33.73 15.00 51.00 9.75 $ 54,909.74 EXPENSE OF FAIR. Expense of fair other than premiums: Executive committee meetings $ 1,616.65 Special committee meetings 2,472.12 Express, telegraph and telephone 1,004.72 Postage 1,722.55 Printing: Duplicate letters $ 52.67 Stationery, Board members 246.05 Post cards 10.00 Four entry books 63.00 Educational premium list 106.00 Expense warrant slips 7.50 List of hardy plants 27.50 Voucher covers 27.00 Premium list contracts 6.50 Sale pavilion circulars 18.00 Stationery and envelopes 644.24 Machinery ledgers 35.00 Application blanks, Machinery De- partment 16.40 Large receipt books 77.25 Newspaper advertising blanks.... 4.25 Baby Health classification 13.50 Horshoe Pitching Contest leaflets 11.50 Machinery rules, circulars 21.95 Mimeograph paper 76.50 Machinery contract books 25.00 Order blanks 19.00 Premium lists 2,311.00 Butter score cards 8.75 Circulars, Machinery Department. 4.80 Orders, clerk of races 12.00 Advertising contracts 17.50 Superintendents' books 34.00 Folders on camping 41.50 Feed barn order books 40.00 Freight and release blanks 9.25 Statements of premiums 63.50 Variety cards 54.25 Invitations and envelopes 43.00 Speed program 84.50 Baby Health folders 16.00 Graphic and plastic arts 9.85 Address labels 12.25 Stall assignment cards 12.25 Requisition blanks 15.50 Entry tags 145.20 Entry blanks 179.10 Official program and catalogs 2,496.00 Ticket report blanks 70.25 Placards 85.75 Premium warrant receipts 4.60 Ticket slips 7.75 Electric wiring and current orders 27.50 Ring and stall cards 305.50 Time slips 35.00 Payroll sheets 27.00 Journal receipt book 72.00 Miscellaneous 35.50 Coop cards 32.00 Baby Health catalogs 146.00 . Judging programs 22.50 Horse show program 85.00 Judge.s' blanks ' 120.00 Race programs 204.00 Special programs 64.50 17.75 10.25 45.90 56.25 1,582.80 142.50 73.90 35.00 19.75 52.50 108 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IT Circulai- letters Entry cards Premium tag-s Sunday School programs Tickets for all gates and shows.. Boys and Girls' premium list Baby Health score cards Butter display cards , Premium warrants Ticket takers' and ushers' badges, $ 10,500.46 Advertising: Country newspapers $ 4,759.59 Plate for country papers 1,221.00 Des Moines daily papers 6,563.78 Daily papers outside of Des Moines 912.96 Agricultural and live stock papers 1.945.30 Horse papers, speed program 340.05 Miscellaneous papers 136.02 Director of Advertising, salary 5 months 833.34 Clerk and stenographer, salary 4 months 400.00 Printing- Greater Iowa 2,042.00 Postage Greater Iowa 100.00 Drayage Greater Iowa 21.00 Hangers and window cards 1,050.50 Billboard paper 160.00 Billboard service 1,017.18 Heralds and hand bills 831.15 Distributing heralds and bills.... 121.00 Cuts and electros 487.44 Art work, drawings, etc.. 104.25 Prizes, essay contest on night show. 30.00 Photographs 88.75 Mailing- tubes 95.66 Press clippings 56.36 $ 23.317.33 Music and attractions: Night show, "Montezuma" $ 10,000.00 Ruth Law's Flying- Circus 7,000.00 Thaviu's Band 4,500.00 Argonne Post Band 1,862.85 Fort Dodge Military Band 2,120.00 Morg-an's Rainbow Division Band. 1,000.00 Harper's Orchestra 275.00 Iowa State Fair Orchestra 458.00 T. Fred Henry's Orchestra 458.00 Io\va Division National Drum Corps 425.00 Des Moines Choral Society, chorus 250.00 Twelve hippodrome acts 8,100.00 Auto polo 1,500.00 Raub's balloon ascensions 400.00 $ 38,348.85 Supplies and stationery 269.58 Light and power, current 1,434.23 Light and power, labor 1,560.74 Water, August and September 694.90 AVater sj'stem, labor 750.96 Refunds, stall rent, tickets, etc 331.93 Forage purchased for feed barn 10,170.71 Salary, Secretary and office help 10,793.58 Board meetings 1,299.73 Assistants and foreman 525.11 Race track work 468.97 Scavenger work, toilets and garbage 647.06 Cleaning grounds 2,451.20 Cleaning barns and pens 1,505.18 Cleaning buildings 1,224.55 Decorating buildings 1,686.50 Plants and flowers 889.07 Ground supplies: Brooms $ 77.00 Toilet paper and towels 420.75 Cheese cloth • 81.34 Paper for tables 37.80 Soap 20.35 Pails 117 Mops 5.2P PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 109 Floor brushes and clusters 10.05 Toilet paper hangers 23.30 Arm bands 35.60 Sweeping- compound 30.00 Stockyard canes (police) 46.88 Miscellaneous supplies 14.91 $ 804.35 Cups and medals, engraving- 788.43 Premium ribbons and badges 2,525.77 Signs and placards 746.20 Payroll Horseshoe Pitching Contest 28.00 Payroll Rabbit Department 125.00 Payroll Boys and Girls' Club Department 1,357.62 Payroll Cattle Department 1,575.72 Payroll Admissions Department. * 6,321.20 Payroll Swine Department 1,019.60 Payroll Sheep Department 654.00 Payroll Speed Department 1,316.40 Payroll Machinery Department 1,560.64 Payroll Horticultural Department 407.11 Payroll Judging Contest 102.00 Payroll Public Safety 4,148.00 Payroll Concession Department 3,124.50 Payroll Horse Department 1,994.55 Payroll Awards Department 92.00 Payroll Treasury Department 3,967.82 Payroll Auto Parking 280.00 Payroll Propertv Men and Light Operators 447.00 Payroll Baby Health Department 1,262.55 Payroll and expense. Program Committee 1,038.59 Payroll Ticket Auditing 479.00 Payroll Art Department 284.98 Payroll Poultry Department 490.00 Payroll Agricultural Department 1,218.51 Payroll Day Nursery 222.00 Payroll Camp Headquarters 387.00 Payroll Educational Department 334.36 Payroll Dairy Department 459.43 Dairy and Ice Cream Department: Ice cream $ 875.28 Payroll ice cream stand 288.00 Sanitary dishes and supplies 100.98 % 1,264.26 Payroll Floricultural Department 182.00 Payroll Textile and China Department 665.88 Payroll Cow Testing Association exhibit 225.32 Payroll Live Stock Sanitation 52.00 Groceries, Home Economics Department 9.18 Milk, Home Economics Department 4.68 Judging wool exhibit 33.03 Expense Sunday School program 61.00 Laundry, Day Nursery 68.86 Boy Scout Camp (Ushers) 1,348.00 Model Garden 116.75 Payroll Drayage Department 248.72 Freight on school exhibits 83.28 Temporary hog pens 161.01 American Trotting Association, dues 105.00 Sawdust for judging ring 30.00 Auto races, prizes and bonus 6,600.00 Calcium chloride for track 308.00 Miscellaneous labor during fair 927.34 Miscellaneous carpenter work during fair 302.05 Putting up flags and canvas 243.40 Trees and shrubs, trimming 115.00 Turnstile repairs and mechanics 340.35 Janitor, Administration Building 335.41 Janitor, Women a.nd Children's Building 451.10 Damages, medical service, etc 93.30 Dining halls, engine and fireman 103.50 Dining halls, fireman 65.00 Dining halls, coal 175.95 Toilet attendants 297.50 Truck foreman and mechanic 126.00 Midway entrance decorations 53.11 Meals for guests and State Day banquet 688.70 Payroll Club Dining Hall 714.50 Gasoline and oil during fair 471.59 International Association of Fairs, dues 50.00 Piano rental and tuning 58.00 110 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II Leg-al service 30.00 Rental land storage hog crates 15.00 Typewriters, rental 6.50 Commission soliciting' advertising for catalog.... 82.00 Rental tents, bedding, chairs, etc 1,135.35 Total expense of fair other than premiums.. $173,696.63 Cash premiums paid: Horses $ 24,480.00 Cattle 34.412.75 Swine 6,994.00 Sheep 4,587.00 Goats 248.00 Poultrv 1.351.75 Rabbits ■ 145.25 Agriculture 11,016.00 Culinary 811.00 Honey and Bees 531.00 Dairy 722.00 Horticulture 2,305.00 Floriculture 1,733.80 Textile, China, etc 1,344.50 Graphic and Plastic Arts 604.00 Educational 815.00 Junior Department 6,045.00 Boys' Team Judging Contest 225.00 State Spelling Contest 200.00 Horseshoe Pitching Contest 350.00 Speed 21,506.59 Total premiums paid $120,427.64 Total expense of fair 294,124.27 Grand total disbursements $395,680.53 SUMMARY OF RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS AND RECONCILIA- TION OF ACCOUNT WITH THE TREASURER. RECEIPTS. Cash balance December 1, 1920 $ 73,354.64 Receipts from sources other than fair 48,690.66 Receipts of fair other than ticket sales $112,986.75 Receipts from ticket sales 184,708.50 Total receipts of fair 297,695.25 Grand total receipts $419,740.55 DISBURSEMENTS. Disbursements other than fair $ 26,609.51 Maintenance of grounds and buildings 20,037.01 Additions and permanent improvements 54,909.74 Expense of fair other than premiums $173,696.63 Cash premiums paid 120,427.64 Total cost of fair 294,124.27 Grand total disbursements $395,680.53 Balance on hand November 30, 1921 $ 24,060.02 Warrants outstanding 1,218.98 Cash balance in treasury. November 30, 1921 $ 25.279.00 PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL COXVEXTIOX 111 COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF TICKET SALES AT OUTSIDE GATES, DAY AND NIGHT GRANDSTAND AND STOCK PAVILION NIGHT SHOWS FOR THE 1920 AND 1921 IOWA STATE FAIR. General Admission 1921 Fair 1920 Fair Price No. Sold Total Value Price No. Sold Total Value Outside Gates: General Admi-sion Round-Up _ ^ .75 .75 .25 3.00 .50 5.<:0 1.00 3.00 106,870 528 21,422 11,117 20,381 2,427 13,422 118 1,767 2,018 «; 80,1.52.50 396.00 5,355.50 5,558.50 5,095.25 7,281.00 6, 711. on 590.00 l,/67.00 6,054.00 $ .75 .75 .25 .50 .25 3.00 .50 5. GO "Too" 170,247 8,997 20,762 14,926 28,967 2,877 18,561 168 '""2^148" " 34 $127,685.25 6,747.75 After 6 P. M. Sunday, August 28th Half Fare 5,190.00 7,436.00 7,241.75 Campers . .__ 8,631.00 Automoliile _ .. -- .- 9,280.50 Taxicab 88th Division . _ 840.00 Exhibitors Solicitors 6,444.00 136.00 if;n8,960.75 $ 2,941.00 12,186.75 9,465.50 376.75 243.. 50 6,806.00 $179,661.75 Day Grandstand: Box Seats Reserved Lower Half Reserved Unper Half Children, Paddock Quarter stretch $ 1.00 .75 '.Ko ..50 2,941 16,249 18,931 1,507 4S7 13,612 $1.00 .75 .50 .25 .50 .50 3,018 16,367 22,462 835 '"35',7i9" ' $ 3,018.00 12,275.25 11,231.00 208.75 Cash, Turnstihs Paddock.. 17,859.50 Total day grandstand. 53,727 $32,019.50 78.401 $ 44,592.50 Night Grandstanil: Box Seats Reserved Lower Half Reserved Upper Half Children, Paddock Cash, Turnstiles Paddock. Over on Cash Tnrnstiles-.. 1.00 .75 .50 2,560 14,194 15,. 583 1,731 17,204 $ 2,560.00 10,645.50 7,791.50 432.75 8,602.00 .00 .75 .50 .25 .50 14,134 19,218 1.097 36.309 Total Night Grandstand. ; Night Stock Pavilion: Reserved Seats Standing Room 50,272 7,049 ,0.31 75 $ 3,524.50 $ .50 172.00 .25 73,356 8,448 1,907 Total Night Stock Pavil'n Total Ticket Sales 7,737 2,598.00 10,600.50 9,609..'0 274.25 18,154.50 16.00 41,252.25 4, 224. CO 476.75 $ 3, 696. .50 ... 10,355 $ 4,700.75 $184, 708. .jO $ 270,207.25 SUMMARY. 1921 1920 Increase Decrease Outside Gates Day Grandstand . Night Grandstand Stock Pavilion ... Night Show $118,960.75 32,019.-50 30,031.75 $179,661.75 44,592.50 41,252.25 3,696.50 4.700.75 $184,708.50 $270,207.25 .. $ 60,701.00 12,-573.00 11,220.50 1,004.25 112 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS 1921 AND 1920 FAIRS. 1921 ]920 Increase Decrease Stall T'ent, horse department Draft horse futurity, entry fees Saddle horse stake, entry fees Stall rent, cattle department Pen rent, swine department Pen rent, she^p department Coop rent, poultry department Concessions, poultry department Pen rent, rabbit department Machinery department, space rent—. Agricultural building, space rent Dairy department, ice cream sales.— Exposition building, space rent Concessions and privileges Light and power sold Speed department, entry fees i Forage sold i Association special premiums ! Advertising, premium list and catalog Telephone collections Day nursery Miscellaneous receipts 2,001.68 450.00 860.00 2,885.00 3,897.50 459.00 690.25 267.00 33.00 12,402.20 2,080.00 1,953.60 3,325.00 45,868.00 1,764.58 5,739.70 10,942.07 15,062.44 1,605.60 423.21 93.47 183.45 Total receipts other than ticket sales $112,986.75 Ticket Sales: Outside gates Day grandstand Night grandstand __. Night stock pavilion. Total receipts of fair. Total decrease $118,960.75 32,019.50 30,031.75' 3,696.50 2,608.00 605.00 860.00 3,014.00 5.101.00 408.00 236.50 345.00 54.50 15,327.70 2,835.00 4,178.79 3,935.00 55,372.17 686.46 4,643.67 21,750.03 16,172.75 1,151.25 313.98 106.98 1,063.75 $140,769.53 $ 606.32 155.00 III"I"II" 129^00 1,203.50 $ 51.00 453.75 78.00 21.50 2,925.50 755.00 2,225.19 610.00 9,504.17 1,078.12 1,096.03 10.807.96 1,110.31 454.35 109.23 13.51 880.30 $ 3,242.48 i $ 31,025.26 $297,695.25 113,281.53 $179,661.75 ! $ 60,701.00 44,592.50 i 12,573.00 41,252.25 11,220.50 4,700.75 — 1,004.25 $410,976.78 $ 3,242.48 $ 116,524.01 113,281.53 $410,976.78 $410,976.78 $116,524.01 ! $ 116,524.01 COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF PREMIUMS PAID 1921 AND 1920 FAIRS. 1921 1920 Increase Decrease Fair Fair Horse $ 24,4«0.00 34,412.75 6,994.00 4,587.00 248.00 1,351.75 145.25 11,016.00 811.00 531.00 722.00 2,305.00 1,733.80 1,344.50 604.00 815.00 6,045.00 $ 24 653 00- $ 173.00 Cattle 29 891 50 $ 4,521.25 -. -- Swine Sheep 8,697.00 ' 1,703.00 4.084. 00 503.00 96.00 152.00 Poultry Rabbits 770.00 581.75 153.75 8.10 Agricultural Culinary 9 881 00 1,135 00 ._ — 795.50 15.50 436.00 95.00 722.00 , Horticultural 2,768.75 1 463.75 rioricultural 1 905.80 — 172.40 1,296.50 j 48.00 .. Graphic and plastic arts 538.00 ' 66.00 ' Educational 551.00 264.00 .Tnninr dpnartment 4 507 67 1,537.33 375.00 ; 1 375.00 Boys' team judging contest 225.00 200.00 350.00 21,506.59 350.00 -. 125.00 StntA cnpllinp' cnntest 100.00 100.00 — TTnTHPshnp nitphinp' rnnt/Xst 300 00 ' 50 00 _ 19,747.68 1,758.91 Total $120,427.64 $112,620.15 : $ 10,827.74 $ 3,020.25 7.807.49 _ 7.807.49 $120,427.64 $120,427.64 $ 10.827.74 $ 10.827.74 PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 113 COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF EXPENSE OTHER MIUMS FOR THE 1921 AND 1920 FAIRS. THAN PRE- 1921 1920 Increase Decrease Executive committee meetings $ 1,616.65 2,472.12 1,004.. 52 1,722.55 10,500.46 23,317.33 38,348.85 269.58 6,600.00 1,434.23 1,560.74 694.90 331.93 10,170.71 10,793.58 1,299.73 &47.06 5,180.93 1,686.50 6,321.20 3,124.50 4,148.00 3,967.82 479.00 1,316.40 1,994.55 1,575.72 1,019.60 654.00 490.00 1,560.64 1,723.69 1,218.51 407.11 182.00 665.88 ^.96 1,. 3.57. 62 1,262.55 1,052.45 222.00 .52.00 1,348.00 447.00 92.00 334.36 335.41 451.10 125.00 889.07 102.00 788.43 746.20 750.96 2,525.77 1,135.35 248.72 344.45 4,254.84 4,045.18 $ 1,248.44 1,885.12 .''i22.74 1,438.48 8,5.30.84 22,092.59 37,506.11 1,285.27 5,926.25 1,374.32 244.00 750.60 364.50 20,852.75 10,576.85 373.91 1,569.05 4,735.05 2,179.00 7,298.20 3,752.00 5,942.75 3,064.28 439.00 1,219.00 1,943.00 1,958.70 1,260.40 697.98 438.00 1,660.57 2,887.83 976.10 .528.04 213.70 7.52.11 384.95 966.68 1,103.58 896.04 190.50 313.87 400.00 .338.00 136.00 174.70 474.80 420.10 155.00 1,735.35 100.00 1,078.83 825.15 464.78 2,825.06 1,986.75 1,441.38 375.36 3,793.40 7,599.33 $ 3(58.21 .587.00 481.78 284.07 1,969.62 1,224.74 842.74 Express, telegrapli and telephone Print infr Advertising Music and attractions Supplies, stationery, etc Auto races, prizes and bonuses Light and power (current) Light and power (labor) $ l,015.(i9 673.75 59.91 1,. 316. 74 Water, August and September Refund, stall rent, etc Forage purchased for feed barn Salary secretary and assistants Board meetings 55.70 32.57 10.682.04 216.73 925.82 92i'99 Cleaning grounds and buildings 445.88 _ 492.50 Payroll, admissions department Payroll, concessions departjnent Payroll, public safety department... Payroll, treasurer's department Payroll, ticket auditing department.. Payroll, speed department Payroll horse department 977.00 627.50 1,794.75 903.54 40.00 97.40 51.55 Pnvrnll pattlf dpnartTUpnt" 382.98 240.80 Payroll sheep department 43.98 Payroll, poultry department Payroll, machinery department Payroll and expense dairy department Payroll, agricultural department Payroll, horticultural derartment Payroll, floricultural department Payroll, textile and china department 52.00 99.93 1,164.14 242.41 120.93 396'94' 158.97 156.41 31.. 50 31.70 86.23 99.97 Payroll iunior department Payroll, baby health department Program committee, W. &. C. bldg. Payroll, day nursery Payroll, live stock sanitary dept 261.87 948.00 109.00 Payroll, property men 44.00 Payroll, educational department Payroll, janitor, administration bldg Payroll, janitor, W. & C. bldg 159.66 139.39 31.00 30.00 846.28 Expense boys' judging contest Onna morlfilc nnH pncmvins' 2.0O ------ Signs for night show, buildings, etc. Water system, temporary extension- Premium ribbons and badges Tents, cots, bedding, etc Payroll, drayage department Fireman and coal for dining halls Miscellaneous labor during fair All other items of expense 78.95 286.18 299.29 851.40 l,192.Wi 30.91 461.44 3^554^15 Total expense other than premiums $173,696.43 12,970.71 $186,667.14 $ 13,518.99 12,970.71 $ 26,489.70 $186,667.14 $186,667.14 $ 26,489.70 $ 26,489.70 114 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II SPEED DEPARTMENT, IOWA STATE FAIR AND EXPOSITION 1921. In accordance with the rules and advertised conditions under which the races were conducted all entrance fees were added to the purse. HARNESS RACES. Class Amount Offered Entry Fees Received Amount Paid Out Net Cost Number starters *2:14 trot. *2:13 pace, 2:25 trot .. 'The Western" "The Hawkeye" $ 1.500.00 1,500.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.0« 1,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 $ 840.00 1,072.50 255.00 250.00 235.00 170.00 95.00 215.00 205.00 205.00 95.00 - $ 2,310.00 2,572.50 1,255.00 1,250.00 1,235.00 1,170.00 1,095.00 1,215.00 1,205.00 1,205.00 1,095.00 $ 1,500.00 1,500.00 1,000.00 l.OCO.OO 1,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 6 12 15 2:20 trot 12 2:16 trot 13 2:13 trot -- - 9 2:10 trot ... 5 2:20 pace 2:16 pace __ 9 10 2:11 pace _. . 11 2:09 pace _ 5 tFree-for-all pace Total .. $13,000.00 $ 3,637.50 $15,637.50 $12,000.00 107 *Early closing- events. tDeclared off on aeeotint of insufficient number of entries. FUTURITIES. Iowa State Fair Futurity (Trotting- division) . . No. 6 $ 700.00 300.00 $ 282.55 121.24 956.66 433.34 $ 982.85 421. -24 956.66 433.34 3.50.00 $ 1 700.00 300.00 1225.00 trzs.oo i 9 Iowa State Fair Futurity No. 6 3 W B. Futurity No. 8 (Trotting division) 2 W B. Futurity No. 8 (Pacing division) _ . 4 W B. Futurity bonus """ ■" _- $ 1,000.00 $ 1,793.79 $ 3,144.09 S 1,350.00 11 tBonus paid for Western Breeders' Futurity. ' RUNNING RACES. 1 mile run $ 250.00 200.00 1.50.00 150.00 250.00 1.50.00 200.00 150.00 250.00 150.00 200.00 1.50.00 150.00 $ 20.00 20.00 25.00 20.00 25.00 20.00 20.00 30.00 25.00 ?0.00 65. to 30.00 35.00 $ 270.00 220.00 175.00 170.00 275.00 170.0(3 220.00 180.00 275.00 170.00 235.00 180.00 185.00 $ 250.00 200.00 150.00 1.50. OO 250.00 150.00 200.00 150.00 250.00 150.00 •200.00 150.00 150.00 4 4 5 furlong run -. _ 5 4V2 furlong run , — 4 1 mile run 5 furlong run __ .._ 5 4 6 furlong run 4 ^Vz furlong run .. ._ 6 1 mile run 5 4 6 furlong run -. 7 5 furlong run 6 7 Total $ 2,4CO.O0 $ 325.00 $ 2 ,725.00 « 2,400.00 65 Total harness races $14,000.00 $ 5,431.29 $18,781.59 $12,350.00 118 Grand total all races $16,400.00 $ 5,756.29 $21 ,506.59 $15,750.00 183 PROCEEDINGS STATE ACxRICULTURAL CONVENTION 115 The following is the attendance of the 1921 fair, by days, compared with 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919 and 1920 fairs: Wednesday . Thursday _. ^Friday tSaturday _. Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday _. Friday 6,765 11,613 44.088 32.434 24.186 41.898 46.215 38,622 30,065 18.137 Total 294,023 1920 7.919 13,609 50,249 38,233 27,622 61,927 67.170 56,928 33,521 26,658 1919 5,567 10,428 40.004 37,507 28,497 61,431 78,612 71,653 46,613 27,835 1918 1917 1916 2141 6, 346 10, 713! 38, 573! 29, 938 28, 089 43, 434 65, 876 072 122j 38, 435 9 079 30 771 29 719 24 649 46 292 59 735 49 351 24 169 13 1915 1914 ,871 ,004 ,671 ,853' ,236' ,983 ,936 ,033 ,270i 31, ,115' 16, ! 1913 1912 4,537 3,849!, 9,886 8.60Si 27,6131 33.020! 27,999 26,861 22,200! 25,211 41,229 58.045 1911 39,612 46,496 31.523 21,978 66,465 40.972 17.J31 i 3,090 7,503 27.957 18,902 17 40,602 37 60,379 64 58,643 60 38,831! 34 16,1161 18 ,074 ,063 .957 .612 ,309 ,699 ,580 .117 .173 408.147*324,377 349,298 291, 972:245. 0661273.073 280,462,272.023 i70.0S2 ! ! I ! 1 . I I ♦Children's day since 1913. tChildren's day, 1911-1912. ADMISSIONS TO GRAND STAND, AFTERNOON AND EVENINGS', 1921, COMPARED WITH 1917, 1918, 1919 and 1920. 1 1921 Fair 1 1920 Fair 1 1 1919 Fair ' 1918 Fair 1917 Pair Day admis- sions j Night Day admis- admis- sions sions Night admis- sions Day admis- sions 1 j Night Day Night admis- admis- admis- sions i sions sions i Day admis- sions Night admis- sions F.-iday Saturday 14.238 9,394 15,6.59 6,441 7,430 7,361 9,474 1-2.266 14..S33 12.777 8,575 12,531 6.773 1 1 12,436' 8,090' 6,664 12,431 7,265 7,065 9,644 5.907 8.509 7.279 Monday 19,119! 15,398 17.110 15.871 24,719 11,107 15,101 9,721 24,395! 12,938! 17,897! 13.528 21,037 12,442! 16,173 20,502 13,616! 23,810 17,212 8,713 ! 12.103 12,304 15,038 9, 785 9.485! 14,191 20,182 Wednesday 7,019 6.121 7.098 9.413 11,856 13,050: 14.797 18,659 Thursday Friday 5,525i 6,994! 6,911 2.012| 13.696 * 10,523 15,024 9.779 j • ; ! ' Total 60,176 55,525' 84,090 77.542 91,017 108.6341 87.775 80.089 80.319! 79.446 *Sho\v called off on account of rain. ADMISSIONS TO LIVE STOCK AND HORSE SHOW. IN STOCK PA- VILION, 1920, COMPARED WITH 1912, 1913, 1914. 1915, 1916, 1917, 191.8, 1919 and 1920. 1921 1920 1919 1918 1 1917 1916 1915 1914 1913 1912 1,369 2,161 2,514 1.661 1.115 8,820 1,765 2,417 2,755 2,646 1,.552 11.135 1,543 2,357 3,016 2,663 1,662 899 1,225 2,035 2,003 758! 2,105 2,183 2,133 1,091 942 1,581 2,107 1,501 667 484 1,029 1,580 1,242 493 1 806' 957 2,113 1,264 605 1,042 Monday 1,826 1,233 2,472 2.265 1.566 2,070 'J'hurs<1ay 438 1,262 Total 11,241 6.162 8.270 6.798 4,228 5,745 7.344 6.830 116 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II The following table gives the number of exhibitors and the number of entries made in each department of the 1920 and 1921 fairs: Department HoTses Cattle Boys and girls' calves Swine Boys and girls' pigs Sheep Boys and girls' lambs Goats Poultry Boys and girls' poultry- Rabbits Agriculture Pantry _ Dairy Horticulture Floriculture Textile, china, etc. Graphic and plastic arts— Boys and girls' club Educational Implements and machinery Totals 1921 Fair 1920 Fair No. No. No. No. Exhibitort Entries Exhibitor! Entries 105 1,521 119 1,728 118 1,779 159 1.905 167 192 119 162 279 3,211 370 4,138 204 465 157 287 33 898 33 833 22 35 3 6 3 44 9 35 159 1,903 101 1,025 203 855 150 633 12 130 31 245 332 2.116 338 2,100 338 1,992 356 2,353 124 131 70 81 104 1,334 90 1,747 43 479 22 591 237 1,873 230 1.860 30 113 23 84 587 751 573 1.473 109 765 25 355 285 360 3,4^>4 20.587 3,331 21,641 The following tabulation gives the number of exhibitors and the number of horses, ponies and mules entered and the actual num'ber shown at the 1920 and 1921 fairs: Breed 1921 Fair 1920 Fair No. Ex- hibitors No. , Horses Entered No. Horses Shown No. Ex- hibitors No. Horses Entered No. Horses Shown Percheron 21 14 8 12 16 40 10 7 124 72 87 91 29 173 84 64 ' lOZ 30 85 86 23 133 84 34 29 19 13 14 24 2S 10 9 161 97 113 116 30 130 116 70 144 Clydesdale. Shire Belgian 92 95 94 Draft 28 124 Ponies 106 Mules and j acks s Total tl05 724 577 tll9 833 751 t Number individual exhibitors. PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 117 The following tabulation gives the number of cattle exhibitors and the number of cattle entered by breeds and the actual number of cattle shown at the 1920 and 1921 fairs: Breed Shorthorns Herefords Aberdeen Angus Polled .Shorthorns _. Milking- Shorthorns Red Polled Galloway Holstein . Jersey .; Guernsey Ayrshires Brown Swiss Pure bred heifers . Baby beeves Totals 1 1921 Fair 1920 Fair No. No. No. No. No. Ex- Cattle Cattle No. Ex- Cattle Cattle ! hibitors Entered Shown hibitors Entered Shown 40 331 273 40 284 219 25 236 216 23 237 209 16 146 115 16 119 110 8 73 53 9 68 56 3 41 40 5 74 64 3 48 43 1 12 12 2 29 27 6 85 83 44 182 162 7 110 101 7 49 40 4 25 22 7 88 82 1 1 1 3 38 37 2 40 38 2 44 44 32 54 47 135 185 145 122 171 140 285 1,413 1,210 278 1,357 1.169 The following tabulation gives the number of swine exhibitors and the actual number of swine shown by breeds at the 1919, 1920 and 1921 fairs: 1921 Fair 1920 Fair 1919 Fair Breed No. Ex- hibitors No. Swine Shown I No. No. No. Ex- Swine No. Ex- Swine hibitors Shown hibitors [ Shown Poland China Spotted Poland China 103 20 89 53 9 55 570 107 553 509 48 510 99 16 121 66 4 45 768 172 1,150 787 90 642 76 10 79 44 5 21 1 4 4 70 863 148 900 Chester White -- 633 Berkshire 76 Hampshire Mule Foot -- 390 21 Yorkshire — 204 28 62 460 3 6 167 47 70 310 41 Tamworth _. 47 Boys and girls' pig club 78 Totals 543 2.847 527 4,036 214 3.197 118 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II The following table sets forth the amount of cash premiums 1921 1920 1919 1918 1917 1916 1915 $ 24,480.00 34,412.75 6,994.00 4,587.00 248.00 1.3.51.75 145.25 11,016.00 1.342.00 722.00 2.305.0(1 1.7.33.80 1,344.. 50 604.00 815.00 $ 24.653.00 $15,6.35.00 29,^91.50 21,399.20 8,697.00 8,.316.(X) 4.084.00 4,121.00 95.00 219. (XI 770.00 1,260.00 1.53.75 86.00 9,881.00 6,076.00 1,2.31.50 1,280.00 722.00 657.00 2,76^.75 2,373.50 l,9r;5.gO 1,733.90 1,296.50 1,060.00 5.38.(0 628.00 .551.00 1,401.00 375.00 650.00 19,747.67 18,144.71 .$13,5.55.00 16,172.55 6,881.50 3,402.00 77.00 856.50 41.50 5,102.50 1,190.50 642.00 1,993.50 1,533.70 1,035.00 648.00 1,563.00 $13,385.00 15,618.25 6,433.00 4,039.00 $14,412.00 15,176.00 4.570.00 3,757.00 $17,364.00 Cattle 14,120.00 4,188.00 Sheep — 3,375.00 Goats Poultry 1,200.00 1,408.00 1.047.00 Pet «toek Agriculture Culinary 6,360.50 1,149.50 657.00 2,086.25 1,553.80 1,225.00 648.00 1,442.00 6,803.00 1,198.50 652.00 1,905.00 1.447.40 1,114.50 662.00 1,288.00 421.84 12,145.17 6,672.00 1,214.50 Dairy 652.00 Horticulture Floriculture.- 1,759.75 1,575.00 Textile, etc. Art 1,150.00 554.00 Educational 1,133.00 Scholarships 475.00 Speed premiums T)og show 21,506.59 17,555.88 16,544.77 14,319.50 *Baby health ._ Spelling- contest Team judging Junior department.. WnrspQhn*! rrintpst 200.00 225.00 6,045.00 3.50. 0(J 100.00 3.50.00! 4,507.68 . 300.00j. 100.00 400.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Total Premiums. ? 120,427.6' $ 112,620.15!$85,538.3l'$72,35O.13 $72,442.07 $67,060.41 $69,598.75 Cups and medals given in place of cash prizes since 1912. STATISTICAL STATEMENT COVERING RECEIPTS AND 1896 AND 1901 TO Showing Receipts and Disbursements of Iowa State Fair and Other Improvements, Maintenance Grounds and Buildings, Etc., Receipts Di«bur.«ements Cash From Balance From State From Beginning State Appro- Other of Tear Fair priation Sources Total Receipts Grand For Total Year Premiums Other Paid Fair Expenses 1896-. 19)1- 1902-. 1903-. 1904.. 1905-. 1906-. 1907- 1908-. 1909-. 1910-. 1911.. 1912.. 1913.. 1914.. 1915.. 1916.. 1917.. 1918.. 1919.. 1920.. 1921.. 116.79$ 36,6 616.55 244.93 372.25 903.11 657.231 976.34 294.87 227.90 328.73^ ,985.25 ,283.44 ,036.99 615.63 ,505.82 96S.73 100.63 ,998.17 ,822.20 486.38 ,140.44 ,354.64 22.10 i 712.91 ,084.71 ,838.56 ,100.36 ,786.25 ,929.85 ,356.75 ,764.66 ,307.40 ,2.50.77 ,.549.67 .701.21 ,832.10 ,644.66 ,604.40 ,381.96 ,122.56 ,196.62 ,574.55 ,976.78 ,695.25 ; 7,000.00$ 1,000.00 38,000.00 1,000.00 4^,000.00 1,000.00 76,000.00 1,000.00 101,000.00 1,000.00 78,000.00 8,000.00 30,786.81 51,268.19 36,666.73 9,133.27 24,832.25 10,900.00 58,741.18 161,226.57 32,192.94 6,710. 2,753. 3,037. 3,140. 2,622. 2,840. 3,717. 5,452, 3,262. 5,257. 14,658. 5,275. 14,579. 17,211. 32,799. 51,9^9, 3,366, 17.341. 10,313. 14,075. 14,976. 16,475, 22$ 50,332.32$ 50 82 54 06| 104 79 63 03 116 42 243, 30 171, 72! 262, 82' 208, 86 236, 93 272, 80 264, 59 247, 111 299, 91 272, 95 394, 59 .587, 83 346, 466.73 121.77 979.35 722.39 627.17 647.01 90S. 09 027.61 564.82 918.07 825.39 2^1.03 8.30.77 712.78 220. 93 165.32 295.92 410.53 391.68 179.94 643 374.02 419, 449.11$ 16 083.28 19 366. 70i 351.60 685.50 284.49 623.35 103.96 355.51 893.55 903.32 108.83 318.02 446.40 218.60 189.66 265.95 294.09 232.73 878.06 320.38 728.66 404.29$ 15 203.83 13 736.31 813.13 730.89 703.94 504.79 744.56 262.76 717.50 264.35 139.15 069.90 024.85 598.75 060.41 442.07 350.13 538.31 620.15 427.64 ,351.06 ,925.87 ,073.34 ,989.56 ,485.42 ,408.62 ,315.60 ,647.20 ,848.65 ,963.12 ,513.68 ,603.16 ,829.74 ,670.12 ,411.33 ,561.38 ,137.45 ,091.31 ,739.63 ,542.19 ,667.14 696.43 PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 119 paid In all departments of the fair for a period of twelve years: 1914 1913 1912 1911 1910 1909 Horses Cattle •118,537.50 $15,612.50 .$14,940.00 $14,184.00 $10,381.00 5 12.673.25 12,623.00 11,738.00 12,061.00 11,778.00 4,499.00 4,404.00 4,042.00 3,640.00 4,135.00 2.779.00 2,317.00 2,306.00 2,388.00 2,146.00 7,273.00 10.153.00 3.035.00 Sheep 2.057. OO Goftts - .. _ .. 1,036.50 1,172.50 1,112.50 1,042.00 1,036.00 9S8.50 Pet stock A prloiiltnrp .. 5,398.00 1,251.00 6.52.00 1,680.00 1,535.60 1,183.00 561.00 931.00 425. OOi 13.2S3.00 4.173.00 1.215.00 602.00 1.614.00 1,439.40 1.658.50 4,059.00 1,092.50 627.00 1,139.25 1,3^2.40 1,662.50 3,-524.00 856.50 627.00 1,115.75 1,278.60 1.744.50 3,074.00 798.00; 602.00; 892.00 945.001 1,753.001 2.976.50 793.00 Dairy 596.81 TTnrtipnltiirp 907.25 Floriculture Textile etc 884.20 1.812.50 \rt Educational . - 665.00 650.no 12,620.00, 430. OO 650.00 12,360.00 318.00 280.00 493.00 8n0.00 12,310.00 422.00 1,00€.00 10.755.00 261.00 1,000.00 Speed premiums.— 9.190.00 i Snpllinp' f»nntp<5t 1 i ' Total Premiums .$66,424.85 $61,069.90 $58,139.15 $56,114.35 $49,717.50 $41,927.78 Cups and medals given in place of cash prizes since 1912. DISBURSEMENTS OF THE IOWA STATE FAIR FOR YEARS 1921, INCLUSIVE. Sources and Expenditures, Together With Amount Expended and Net Profit of Fair for Each of the Years Enumerated. for DisbursementB Cash Profits of Fair Malnte- Dipburse- on Improve- j nance of ments Hand Total Total ments and Grounds Other Total Receipts Expenses : Net Perman't and Than for Year of Fair of Fair Profits Repairs Buildings for Fair 1898... 1 $ 7,471.95 $ 14,019.88$ 58,247.28 $ 152.84 $ .36,622.10 $ 3^807.35$ 4,814.75 1901... 13,378.73 2,313.44 48.821.87 34,244.93 50,712.91 3:^129.70 17,583.21 1902... 63.4.57.12 2,608.69 107,875.46 30,372.25 63,084.71 41,809.65 21,275.06 1903... 17,855.77 -. 1,704.83 65,363.29 2S, 963.11 59,838.56 45,802.69 14,035.87 19^4... 59.641.11 3,195.43 116,013.64 29,6.57.23 66,100.36 5o,177.10 12,823.26 19-^5... 11.963.09 .— 3,345.27 78,447.87 39,976.34 84,786.25 63, 139.. 51 21.646.74 1906 30,035.33 3,385.87 105,440.74 .'0,394.87 110,929.85 72,459.39 38,470.4^ 19^7... 16,4.59.05 „ 5,043.03 200,654.07 35,327.90 104,356.75 79.151.99 25,204. :e 1900... 53,663.69 4,975.50 153,2.31.98 25,328.73 138,764.66 94,593.21 44,171.45 19'"t9--. 1.50,208.58.- 4,379.91 263.814.37 4,985.2.5 137,307.40 109,225.88 2^,081.52 1910... 24,360.98 14,740.26 169.. 332. 42 7,283.44 157,259.77 130,231.18 27,028.59 1911. - 109,755.04 4,429.29 252,071.84 18,036.93 179,549.67 137,867.51 41,682.16 1912... 71.056.56$ 6,575.51 4,101.43 225,702.39 615.63 185,701.21 143,9n8.8f 41,732.32 1913... .51,110.85 7,313.67 13,776.04 218.940.58 isjm.si 188,8.32.10 1 4C, 740.0- 42,092.08 1914... 100,649.13: 7,564.86 11.599.70 290.249.89 968.73 188,644.66 172,113.91 16,530.74 1915... 46,138.60 6,770.91 41,019.39 265,089.03 100.63 165,604.40 171,160.13 *5,556.73 1916... 10,547.28 3,432.77 60.089.87 243.267.78 3,998.17 201,381.96 169,197.86 32,184.10 1917... 3S.773.77 8,284.47 ."•1,880.27 268. 471. 80 34,822.20 257,122.56 189,535.38 67,589.18 1918... 30,771.08 12,217.77 11,667.74 256,746.35 .50,486.38 251,196.62 202.089.76 49,106.86 1019--. lf(6,216.08 21,617.51 12. 823. 53 388,737.62 56,140.44 321,574.55 249,080.50 72,494.05 I9'r> 229,415.93 21,470.40 19,792.12 569.965.74 7.-^,. 3.54. 64 410,976.78 299,287.29 111,689.49 1921- - 5i,x>'.}9.7i 20,0.37.01 26.009.51 395,680. 53 24,0'i0.02 297,605.25 294,124.27 C, 570. 98 •Losi 120 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II STATEMENT OF INSURANCE IN FORCE ON FAIR GROUNDS, BUILDINGS AND DATE OF EXPIRATION. Goneral form on frame buildiogs $ 6<),000.00 Brick horse barn H, 500. 00 Brick horse barn Transformer station and contents j 2,000.00 Women and Children's Building 15,000.00 Agricultural building I 10, 0^*0. 00 Administration building and contents j 20,000.00 Stock pavilion 15,000.00 Machinery hall ! Swine pavilion j — Grand stand Farm house ; 1,500.00 Farm bam 500.00 Brick dining halls I 4,000.00 Street car station Sheep bam ! Cattle barn ' 50,000.00 Residence _. ! 5,000.00 Speed bam No. 1 700.00 Three lumber sheds 1,200.00 Board of Control building 1,100.00 i j Expira- Tornado Premiums tion Total insurance $200,500.00 ;$254,500.00 $ 6,541.71 $ (K) 14 9 1 15 10 15 15 15 13 10 1 2 2 13 50 5 1 1 .000.00 ,500.00 .000.00 ,000.00 ,000.00 ,000.00 ,000.00 ,000.00 ,000.00 ,000.00 ,000.00 ,500.00 500.00 ,000.00 ,000.00 ,000.00 ,000.00 ,000.00 700.00 ,200.00 ,100.00 1922 1924 1022 1922 1923 1923 1923 1923 1923 1922 1922 1922 1922 1924 1922 1922 1923 1923 1922 1922 1922 REPORT OF TREASURER, W. W. MORROW, AFTON, IOWA. Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Convention: In accordance with the wishes of the State Board of Agriculture, I here- with present a report of receipts and disbursements for the fiscal year end- ing November 30, 121: Balance on deposit December 1, 1920 $ 74,963.23 Received from ticket sales and cash turnstiles as follows: 106,870 general admissions at 75c $ 80,152.50 528 round up at 75c 396.00 21,422 general admissions after 6 p. m. at 25c.... 5,355.50 11,117 Sunday, August 28, at 50c 5,558.50 20,381 children's half fare at 25c 5,095.25 2,427 campers' tickets at $3.00 7,281.00 13,422 automobile tickets at 50c 6,711.00 118 taxicab tickets at $5.00 590.00 1,767 88th division tickets at $1.00 1,767.00 2,018 exhibitors' tickets at $3.00.... 6,054.00 2,941 day grandstand (box) at $1.00 2,941.00 16,249 day grandstand reserved lower half at 75c. . 12,186.75 18,931 day grandstand (reserved upper half) at 50c 9,465.50 11,507 day grandstand (children, paddock) at 25c 376.75 487 quarterstretch tickets at 50c 243.50 13,612 day grandstand paddock at 50c 6,806.00 • 2,560 night grandstand (box) at $1.00 2,560.00 14,194 night grandstand (reserved lower half) at 75c 10,645.50 15,583 night grandstand (reserved upper half) at 50c 7,791.50 1,731 night grandstand (children paddock) at 25c 432.75 17,204 night grandstand (paddock) at 50c 8,602.00 7,049 night stock pavilion (reserved) at 50c. . . . 3,524.50 688 night stock pavilion (standing room) at 25c 172.00 Total ticket sales $184,708.50 PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 121 Received from Secretary and Superintendents as follows: Secretary's Department: Fees Stallion Reg-istration Division % 4,225.50 State appropriations 32,192.94 Miscellaneous receipts other than fair 6,986.30 Superintendent of Grounds 3,166.44 Interest on account 2,119.48 Superintendent Horse Department 2,001.68 Superintendent Cattle Department 2,885.00 Superintendent Swine Department 3,897.50 Superintendent Sheep Department 459.00 Superintendent Poultry Department 990.25 Superintendent Machinery Department 12,402.20 Superintendent Ag-ricultural Department 2,055.00 Superintendent Dairy Department 1,953.60 Superintendent Exposition Building" 3,325.00 Superintendent Concessions and Privileges... 45,868.00 Secretary, sale of light and power 1,764.58 Superintendent Speed Department 5,739.70 Superintendent Forage Department 10,942.07 Association Special Premiums 15,062.44 Secretary, advertising in premium list 1,605.60 Secretary, miscellaneous receipts of fair 2,035.13 Total receipts of fair other than ticket sales $161,677.41 Grand total receipts $421,349.14 DISBURSEMENTS. Expense warrants paid $275,399.81 Premium warrants paid 120,670.33 Total disbursements $396,070.14 Balance on hand November 30, 1921 25,279.00 To balance $421,349.14 Respectfully submitted this 1st day of December, 1921, W. W. MORROW, Treasurer. December 1, 1921. To the Directors of the State Board of Agriculture: Gentlemen: This is to certify that there was on deposit at the Central State Bank on November 30, 1921, a time deposit of $20,000.00 and a bal- ance to the credit of W. W. Morrow, Treasurer of the Iowa Department of Agriculture, the sum of $5,279.00, making a total credit of $25,279.00 Yours very truly, J. W. HAWK, Assistant Cashier. President Cameron : It has always been customary for the treas- urer to make a report and the secretary has already stated this report is submitted in printed form along with the secretary's report. As you all understand, no doubt, the expert accountant of the State checks over the department the same as he checks over every de- partment in the state house, so it is not necessary to take any action as far as the report of the secretary and treasurer is concerned, be- cause these reports are made to the Executive Council and they approve them or disapprove them as the case may be. Next is the report of Final Crop Estimate for 1921, by Chas. D. Reed, director Iowa Weather and Crop Service Bureau. 122 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II WEATHER AND CROP REVIEW.* Chas. D. Reed: The mildest of 31 winters preceded the crop season of 1921. Winter grains and grasses, clover and fruits suffered very little winter killing. Spring opened very early. A little spring wheat seeding was done in the southern counties in February and considerable seeding of oats, spring wheat and clover was done in March. Sudden and severe freezes, March 28, April 9-10 and 16-17, froze out the oats the worst in over 30 years. At least 50 per cent of the acreage had to be reseeded and some of this was seeded the third time. Many thin stands of oats were allowed to grow because of the clover seed sown therewith, that would otherwise have been plowed up for corn. It appears that germinating oats that had not yet showed above ground were damaged more than those that were two inches high. The latter, though frozen down, mostly recovered. Tree fruits advanced too rapidly and were practically a total loss from the spring freezes, except in the northern counties where they were not so far advanced and temperatures were not so low. The warm and sunny May was favorable for young pigs, lambs and chicks. The litters of pigs were large and strong. Plowing Tor corn was favored by the warm, dry spring. By May 1 most farmers had their ground ready for the planter and were waiting for a safe date. Some planting had been done in the extreme south and the corn was up and looking well. By May 15, 58 per cent of the corn had been planted and by June 1, 97 per cent. Abnormal heat in June with ample soil moisture caused corn to make phenomenal growth. In many fields it was knee high by the middle of June and too tall to cultivate by June 21. Potatoes made a great growth of tops but the set of tubers was disappointing. The weather was too warm for setting out commercial cabbage plants. The heat was too great for proper filling of spring grains. Oats suffered greatly and spring wheat was nearly a failure. Many horses died from overheating. Winter wheat harvest was nearly completed by July 4. Though rain interfered somewhat in the west central and southwest counties, harvest weather was generally favorable, except that it was too hot for horses and men. Corn began to tassel early and by July 16, 75 per cent was silked. Drouth became serious in the north central counties and southeast to the boundaries of the State during July. In several counties the July rainfall was less than 20 per cent of normal, while the heat was Intense. Potatoes were injured beyond recovery. Thrashing was well under way during the last ten days of July. Winter wheat turned out better than expected and only about one bushel below the ten-year average. Spring wheat and oats were disappointing. Copious rains, August 1-2, broke the drouth. Corn made a remarkable recovery; potatoes that had not died recovered somewhat. Thrashing was *A11 reference to the effect of weather on crops in this publication is the result of co-operation between the United States Weather Bureau and the Iowa Weather and Crop Service. PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 123 considerably delayed by rains, especially in the southwest district, but by September 1, 94 per cent of the thrashing had been completed, which is 17 per cent more than normal and the greatest of record. Shocked grain was considerably damaged by wind and rain storms. Much of it sprouted. These wind and rain storms tangled and prostrated much of the corn in the south and east portions of the State. This made fodder cutting and silo filling difficult and in some cases im- possible. More wind and heavy rain in September added to the difficulty of husking later. During the third week in September the warm, humid, cloudy weather caused much down corn to sprout, mold and rot. The warm season matured the corn early. Excellent samples of mature corn were gathered as early as August 23. There were no frosts of importance till the first week in October. Only about two per cent of the corn was immature at that time. Generous and timely rains in August and September made soil condi- tions generally excellent for fall plowing and preparation for winter wheat seeding and a considerable increase in acreage has been reported. October and November were mostly favorable for com husking and other fall work. Corn dried out well. Reports from elevators having moisture testers showed that corn averaged to contain 16 per cent of moisture during the last week in October and the same in the last week in November. By November 1, 50 per cent of the corn was husked and by December 1, 90 per cent. Nearly 8 per cent of the crop was "hogged down." Winter wheat is entering the winter in excellent condition. On Decem- ber 1, 92 per cent of the acreage seeded had made good growth and become well established; 7 per cent had germinated but made little showing; and only one per cent had not germinated. As a whole the crop season was favorable for corn and hot weather crops and unfavorable for spring grain, potatoes and other cool weather crops. Prices have been discouraging, resembling those of twenty or more years ago. The gross return per acre of corn, based on December 1 price is only $12.90, while oats is less than half that. Three large corn crops in succession have greatly overdone corn production, especially in view of the decreased live stock production. On two other occasions, 1898-1900 and 1904-1906, three big yields per acre of corn have occurred in succession and in each case a low yield followed. It may follow this time and might be a blessing in disguise. The total value of Iowa crops in 1921, based on December 1 prices, is $305,459,429, which is more than a quarter billion less than in 1920 and less than one-third of 1919. FINAL CROP REPORT OF THE STATE, 1921. The following estimates of acreage, yield and value of the crops of the State, derived from the reports of hundreds of correspondents well dis- tributed in each county, are the result of the joint effort of the U. S. Bureau of Markets and Crop Estimates, of which Mr. Frank S. Pinney is Agricul- tural Statistician, and the Iowa Weather and Crop Service, The table showing the total value of crops does not include or take into account live stock products. 124 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II Corn. — ^The estimated acreage was 10,330,000; average yield, 43.0 bushels per acre; total yield, 444,190,000 bushels; average price, $0.30 per bushel; total value, $133,257,000. Only 2 per cent of the crop was reported to be soft or immature and 90 per cent had been husked on December 1. About 8 per cent was hogged down. The quality is fairly good, though there was unusual damage from down corn which molded, sprouted and rotted. That which came to the elevators during the last week in November had a moisture content of 16 per cent. The gross value per acre was $12.90 which is the lowest since 1904. Oats. — The estimated area harvested was 5,960,000 acres; average yield, 26.0 bushels; total yield, 155,077,000 bushels; average price, $0.23; total value, $35,667,710. Spring Wheat. — Area harvested, 114,000 acres; average yield, 10.3 bushels per acre; total yield, 1,174,000 bushels; price per bushel, $0.87; total value, $1,021,380. Winter Wheat. — Area harvested, 465,000 acres; average yield per acre, 19.2 bushels; total yield, 8,928,000 bushels; average price, $0.90 per bushel; total value, $8,035,200. Barley. — Area harvested, 166,000 acres; average yield per acre, 23.5 bushels; total yield, 3,901,000 bushels; average price, $0.42 per bushel; total value, $1,638,420. Rye. — Area harvested, 39,544 acres; average yield, 16.1 bushels; total yield, 636,657 bushels; price per bushel, $0.73; total value $464,760. Flax Seed. — Area harvested, 10,840 acres; average yield, 8.7 bushels; total yield, 94,300 bushels; total value at $1.53 per bushel, $144,279. Timothy Seed. — Area harvested, 243,000 acres; average yield, 4.47 bushels; total yield, 1,086,000 bushels, total value at $2.31 per bushel, $2,- 508,660. Clover Seed. — Area harvested, 125,000 acres; average yield, 1.6 bushels; total value at $9.72 per bushel, $1,944,000. Potatoes. — Area harvested, 96,500 acres; average yield, 43 bushels; total yield, 4,149,500 bushels; average price, $1.40; total value, $5,809,300. Hay, Tame, not including alfalfa. — Average yield, 1.39 tons per acre; total yield, 4,104,000 tons; average price, $9.08 per ton; total value, $37,264,320. Hay, Wild. — Average yield, 1.16 tons; total yield, 551,000 tons; average price, $7.47; total value, $4,115,970. Alfalfa. — Area harvested, 187,000 acres; average yield, 2.97 tons; total yield, 555,000 tons; average price, $12.92 per ton; total value, $7,170,600. PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 125 Q O 2« -5 i S u-s S S 5 n CO CO 1^5* '«&ri«cJ£2!SS$af?' ocot^o<>Jcoco.-i ft O -o ri4 3 C3 C > a m & o O) O :^:=S s s W a CO . u x ft 126 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II President Cameron : Gentlemen, you see that banner hanging in front of you. I would like to have Mr. Barney come down here and tell us about it and how it comes to be here. Dairy and Food Commissioner W. B. Barney: Mr. Chairman and Gen- tlemen: I have been asked to tell why we have that banner, and I am reminded of a little story I heard told about a couple of Irishmen who were jailed for theft. One had stolen a watch and the other had stolen a cow, and in the morning when they were called for breakfast the Irishman that had stolen the cow asked the other fellow what time it was. He said, "Why it's sure time to milk." I want to say it is really a good time to milk, for the reason that there is no way that we can market our products to better advantage than through the dairy cows. So far as that banner is concerned it has been won by the Minnesota people for about eight consecutive years, I think, and one of the reasons they have been able to win it is on account of the large number of cream- eries they have in Minnesota as compared with ours. They have something like seven hundred creameries in Minnesota as compared with about 420 In Iowa. We have about twelve more than we had a year ago. The banner is offered for the ten best tubs of butter shown at the National Butter- makers Association. They have been able to win it, as I say, because they had very many more entries than Iowa. But we have been advancing more rapidly in Iowa in the way of improving our products in the last five or six years than they have. We caught up with them this year and won the banner for the best average ten tubs of butter displayed. You will notice as the banner states there were twenty-one states in the contest and Iowa won the banner. We hope to continue to win it. It is an honor that has come to the state, I think a great honor. In fact, I feel that noth- ing ever happened in the dairy industry since I have had anything to do with it that has meant more to Iowa than the winning of this banner. I hope we shall continue to win it. President Cameron : We have with us today a gentleman who has always been interested in our work. I remember my first ac- quaintance I had with the gentleman ; he was a delegate from the state of New York to a meeting of the International Association of Fairs at Chicago, and I know he has continued that interest while he has been in Iowa. I now take great pleasure in introducing to you, President R. A. Pearson, of the Iowa State College of Agriculture. President Pearson, of the Iowa State College of Agriculture: How would you feel if you were called upon to defend your mother or your mother-in- law? Sometimes I have felt just about as I would under these circum- stances. Sometimes I have felt I must stand up and defend agriculture. It is a strange feeling. Sometimes I have felt I must stand up and defend agricultural education, the thing which has done so much to put agriculture of this country in the position where it is today. I wonder where we would be today if the laboratories investigating agricultural problems had been closed ten years ago. I wonder where we would be today if the instruction PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 127 which has been given in agriculture in the past ten years had not been given. Some of the most wonderful work in research has been in the field of agriculture. Talk about detective work, Burns and the other great detectives. Their work is no more clever than the investigations of these research men into the problems relating to agriculture. Do you remember about the time they were called upon to find and convict the criminal causing the spread of wheat rust in this country, which was costing the farmers millions and tens of millions of dollars every year? And how they went at it! They got the habits of that criminal and they studied it in season and out, and they followed him in his dark and devious ways, and finally demonstrated a new fact in the field of science, something that had been known but a short time. The wheat rust forms little spores and these little spores cannot grow on wheat. When the spores are separated and carried off through the air and settle on the grass they die, but if they settle on a barberry bush there they grow. They furnish more spores and then again some of them get back to the wheat. So the easy way to get rid of the wheat rust is to get rid of the barberry. Scientists discovered the criminal, learned his habits, told us how to kill him and get rid of him. Today in Illinois in quite a large area there is a new disease called "take all." It came in from Austria a few years ago. When it strikes a wheat field it does take all. Its spread is surely alarming. The detectives have not yet learned the secrets and history of that criminal, and until they do the persons engaged in raising wheat in that vicinity are tremendously concerned and anxious, and every year will lose con- siderable sums of money. I could give many illustrations of that kind, but I am not going to do it. The thought I want to leave with you is that agricultural investigation and agricultural education are foundation stones in connection with the agricultural progress of our nation, and agriculture is the foundation stone upon which the prosperity of our nation rests. At the present time we are suffering world distress. Some of us who have the good fortune to live in Iowa do not appreciate how keen the distress is in some other places where people are actually starving. In- dustry has been cut down; many mills are stilled, and other trades are lagging. Many warehouses which ordinarily should have twenty-five to a hundred thousand dollars' worth of finished product waiting for the market are crammed full, and they have two or three or five hundred thousand dollars' worth of material waiting for market. The manufacturer has bor- rowed from the bank to the limit of credit, and purchasers come not. They have closed their doors and their employes are looking for work and get- ting temporary jobs as best they can. And need I say anything about the condition of agriculture? You surely know it — you know it well. In the great field of labor there is distress. Normally there are about a million and a half persons out of employment in this country at this time of the year. At the present time there are from three million to five million out of employment. They are wondering how they are going to pay rent. They are wondering how they are going to feed the little ones this winter. The situation is serious. There are a good many remedies. Different remedies would work if they only were applied. I am going to refer to one because I cannot help think- 128 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II ing it is most important. It is the development of measures which will give more hope and more confidence to the great farming classes of our country. When the farmers of this country are again offered something definite, worth while and profitable to do, so they may continue operations and not continue to run further in debt, then the farmers in this country will become more active, will begin to buy, and then factories will open, the little towns will show new life, the big cities will hum with activity and prosperity will have returned. What is the reason for the distress? There is one word of course that comes into our minds and explains it all. It is war. That is the explana- tion for the trouble, and let's see a little more definitely if we can how that applies to the present situation. I might mention three things which are of the utmost importance from the farmer's standpoint, suggesting, if I may, remedies which it seems have got to be worked out in some way or other before we get out of the darkness that surrounds us. In the first place we have at the present time in this country an excess of production of agricultural products — especially corn. Now that is a much more serious matter than the excess of production of most other kinds of products. If suddenly there should appear in the state of Iowa ten per cent more shoes than are needed it would not cause any very great distress. You and I have got a lot of old shoes, wearing them a little bit longer than we like to wear them because we don't think we are ready to buy a new pair of shoes. But if ten per cent more shoes came tomorrow, what would happen? Dealers in shoes would reduce the price a little and induce this man here and that man over there to buy and several of us would get a new pair of shoes. In a little while the ten per cent of shoes would be absorbed. What happens when we have a ten per cent increase of the corn crop or food crop? We can absorb a little additional but we can't absorb very much. When we go to the hotel and pay a dollar for a good dinner we can't absorb another one, we wouldn't do it even if we could get it for five cents, we don't want it. Food is different from other kinds of supplies. This country has an excess of food supplies — we have an over-production. Do you realize that this nation in its tremendous war efforts, for which praise could not be given in too strong terms, this nation increased its acreage of cereal crops since the period before the war and up to the present time by about twenty-two million acres. Think of it! The corn crop of 1921 was increased nearly three million acres in the United States, and the result has been that instead of producing a little less than five billion bushels of cereals, which was the average before the war, last year, 1920, we produced more than six billion bushels of cereals. And this year we will produce close to five and a half billion bushels of cereals. No one to blame. We were going to win the war — we did win it, and we speeded up our production, and we have kept up the speed. Along with renewed efforts came unusually good climatic conditions. In certain parts of the country they had large production of food products, where normally the production is small. So we have excess production. The one thing that stands out strongest is the excess in production of corn, an average of about three hundred million bushels this year and last year PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 129 above normal. Then on top of our unusual production we brought over from the war great food stocks that had been produced under abnormal conditions and had been purchased under abnormal conditions, and these stocks had to be disposed of. Not only were there the immense supplies the government had, but many stocks private concerns and private individuals had accumulated, and these had to float out upon the market. Along with all this, w^e did not have the demand from the other side of the ocean which we should have when conditions over there are as they are now. We have sent a good deal abroad. We have exported more than a good many realize. Some think our exports have fallen off. The average exports of five leading cereals in the period before the war was only about eight and one-half billion pounds a year; whereas in the year ending June 30, 1921, it was twenty-eight billion pounds — an increase of 234 per cent in our exports of cereals. In our exports of dairy products we increased over 1,000 per cent. Our exports of meat products not so much, 27 per cent. Our exports have been going out in larger quantity but not enough to take care of the starving millions in Europe. We are told by men who should know that this winter there will be not less than three hundred million people, three times the population of the United States of America on something like thirty per cent of normal rations. What a crime against civilization, what a reflection on the intelligence of man that we should have this abundance and over there they are starving for it! These conditions and this excessive production have made unusually low prices on the farm. The farmer's average price last June, as com- pared with before the war, on all farm products, was represented by 106, or it was six per cent more than normal before the war. That was what the farmer was receiving on everything. On some articles he was below and on some articles a little above, but the average was only six per cent. And the average of all wholesale prices on all products including farm products last June was 151 — fifty-one per cent above the normal. It is very inter- esting to see how these wholesale prices have been soaring since the war. Do you know that the highest point in the average of all wholesale prices of all commodities in the United States was reached in' May, 1920, only a little over a year ago, when the average was 276 per cent of the average before the war, 1914. The average reached the top in May last year, and in June last year it was 275 per cent, and it has been slipping down, down, down until last June, as I said, it was 151 per cent. What is the situation of the farmer then? He must go into the market to make his purchases with average prices fifty per cent above normal and he is getting himself an average of only six per cent above normal; and in some districts like the state of Iowa he has been punished far worse than that. On top of that the farmer has been paying large costs. It was my privi- lege to serve in President Harding's unemployment congress in Washing- ton a few months ago, and a great many interesting figures were sub- mitted to us. Here are some submitted by the railroads and I give them to you just as they were given to us. Draw your own conclusions. In 1916 the railroads of the country were paying a little less than one and a half billions for labor; in 1920 the amount had been raised to the rate of nearly four billion dollars for labor. There had been an increase of 9 130 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II only twenty-three per cent in the number of laborers on the railroads, and the increased pay was 166 per cent — more than double. It is a little less now. I am not making any criticism of railroad labor, I am not criticising unions, I think unions have a good purpose to serve. I am giving you the facts as given to me. Who pays the increase of towards two billion dol- lars that is going to railroad labor? The farmers are contributing about half of the business of the railroads of the United States in their ship- ments and in the supplies which they receive. I might give you further figures to show other high costs paid by farmers. They feel these in- creases the more because of their reduced income. Then there are wide margins between the prices the farmer is receiving and the price the consumer pays for his products. Here are some figures from government bureaus. Let me read a few. In August, 1921, about three months ago, the farmers were receiving sixteen per cent more for their hogs than they received the corresponding date in 1913, before the war. The consumers were paying ninety-seven per cent more for their hams at wholesale. The farmers last August were receiving nine per cent less for their cattle than they received in 1913. The consumers were pay- ing fifty-seven per cent more for their sirloin steak and sixty per cent more for their round steak. These are just facts, I am not presenting any argument to you. We need facts if we are going to decide great ques- tions. Farmers received twenty-four per cent less than before the war for their hides, and the prices of boots and shoes were 125 per cent more to the purchaser than they were before the war. The freight on shoes had gone up 110 per cent and the wages in the shoe factories had doubled. One or two more. Farmers received eight per cent less for their wool, and woolens were selling for fifty-five per cent more; and freight had gone up 110 per cent, more than double, and wages had about doubled. Building labor stands about ninety per cent to ninety-seven per cent more. What was the farmer's labor? You know the farmer doesn't contract in advance for his labor. He puts in labor and sells the product for whatever the market is offering and gets wages from the grain and live stock which he sells. Bituminous coal was selling for an advance of eighty-six per cent, and anthracite coal at ninety-eight per cent more than before the war. Wages of the coal men were seventy-three per cent more. That was only last August. Now a few words about the remedy. I wish the good Lord would give it to some of us to see the remedy. I am not able to tell you what the remedy is. The remedy has to be worked out, just like any other prob- lem. You must put two and two together, discuss it with your wives and sons and neighbors and business associates and the remedy will finally appear. In a word, I think that the most effective remedy — we can go into the legislature, we can have commissions, we can have investigations, but I think the most effective way is to educate the public as to farm costs, as to the hours of labor on the farm, the pay that the farmers are receiving, the fact that not only the farmer works but the entire family works in producing the crops and that they proceed on faith through it all. Many a farmer has put in his whole life time and at the end of his life has nothing to show in the way of accumulation except the increase in the PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 131 value of his land. Sometimes that is a good sum. I belive there is a great opportunity in the state fairs and county fairs to do something in this emergency along the educational line. I think if they did not do any more than just put up one chart on the outside wall of some building and show a few of these facts that they would help start somebody think- ing in the right direction. Any one could suggest some interesting sub- jects for such exhibits. That is one thought I wanted to bring to you. We want light on this problem, we want an understanding of the facts, and you can depend on the American people to work out a solution of the problem when they understand the facts. When they don't understand the facts they are just like anybody else, they are likely to rush to a con- clusion and do the wrong thing. We want to stimulate exports. The government deserves a lot of credit and Secretary Wallace deserves a lot of credit. He has some of the best experts he can find in Europe at this time, doing all they can to hold onto these markets, and even to supply them in larger quantities. We want to stimulate meat consumption at home. As industry picks up and wages are paid to a larger number of employes, as the four million people get jobs there is going to be increased consumption. Every time you in- crease the consumption of meat one pound you take away twelve pounds of corn. That is the best way to dispose of the surplus corn crop. I think sooner or later we have got to work out a system of storage for surplus crops. There should be facilities to take care of the surplus that comes in occasional years. Put it in warehouses and put it under a lock so that the world will know that it is taken off of the market because it was not needed and is to be carried over to the next year. That is a way part of the increased corn crop can be taken care of. I don't want this argument to be misunderstood. I am not advocating a corner on the market or anything of that kind. The soil of this country has been called upon to furnish too much of its fertility in this strenuous period of the war. The great argument for the decrease of the corn crop is that the soil needs rest and needs clover and alfalfa and sweet clover. If we could put two hundred million bushels of corn into storage, and we could do it if we had the organization — it would not be anything for us to do a little job like that — what would it mean? It would mean then we would have a normal supply of corn on the market, there would be a normal price for corn and the farmers would at once take hope and begin to buy machinery and begin to buy materials to build, and supplies, and start the industrial machinery again all over the United States; and that two hundred million bushels of corn in storage would stand there like a great electric sign, "Thou must not overplant another year and thus get yourselves into further trouble." And they would not overplant. I think that is one remedy which we have to develop. We are told we ought to raise prices. I would like to have somebody tell us how to raise prices. Prices are governed according to the law of supply and demand. We cannot raise prices unless we make the supply better related to the demand. At the present moment we have this excessive crop of corn. Again I want to say that we should educate the public in reference to the pay the farmer receives in relation to the pay received in other in- 132 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II dustries, and that the farmer is being crowded between two mill stones of small income and large outgo and it is getting to the point where he has not any more to go out. So they are just kind of shifting along now, the farmers as a whole throughout this country. We don't want to attack any- body. I have no personal campaign against the retailer getting 98 per cent, I don't know how many farmers would do the same thing if they could do it. But we ought to educate the public who are buying to the fact that there is a certain fair relation between what the farmer receives and what they should pay. The county and town fairs can help do that. I can tell you where to get the data if you want it. When you put upon the bulletins and when you make public the fact that the relation between the wholesale price of a certain product and the retail price should be, let us say, as forty is to fifty, and that is normal, and then you show what the wholesale price is now and show what the retail price is, then if the public finds it is as forty to eighty, or as forty to a hundred, they begin to talk; they will be getting educated. If the dealers are prospering they can't stand talk along that line very long. You will find prices beginning to tumble quite generally. When prices go down labor will be more will- ing to accept reductions, which means so much to the cost of everything. I want to close with one more suggestion. If there is anything we need right now it is cool heads and it is good leadership. We want to have men in our towns and in our counties who are thoughtful, who are not excitable, who will get the facts, who will be kind and who will deal with their neighbor as they would like to be dealt with, who will present the situation to their neighbors correctly so they may talk it to the other neighbors and all may know. And when all know the facts as to this present situation, then the best remedy I know of — there are others — will be effective. And I repeat that our fairs have a wonderful part in this emergency. I thank you. President Cameron: We will have to vary our program this morning as Secretary Corey received a wire from Mrs. Spaulding, who was to be on the program this morning, stating that she was sick and unable to be here. But we have with us today Hon. John Hammill, lieutenant governor, whom I take great pleasure in intro- ducing to you gentlemen. HON. JOHN HAMMILL Mr. Chairman, ladies and gentlemen: I am sure I am pleased at this opportunity of talking briefly to you this morning. The secretary has suggested that I take up the question of the relationship that should exist between the county and district fairs and the state fair, and their co- operation, and the effect of that relationship upon the growth and develop- ment of the state. The legislature at the last session took the view that the county, dis- trict and state fair were essential organizations in the state. They be- lieved that the state fair depended upon the growth of the county and the district fair. In order that they might succeed the legislature aided In PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 133 a general way by appropriations, thus enabling your district and county fairs to grow. I am a believer in the educational value of the county, district and state fair. I believe that the county and district fair have their place, scattered over the state and that there should be a proper relationship between these organizations and the state fair. They are builders, if you please, of a greater and a better state fair. Now to do this, to build a better state fair, we must have successful county and district fairs. The county and district fair bears the same relationship to the state fair as do our high schools to the colleges. They are feeders or developers of our state fair. We are all proud of this great state fair of low^a. In fact we are proud of Iowa. As they have been discussing the condition of Iowa and of the nation, I want to say to you people that we have never passed that hat in Iowa and we are not going to do it this year or in any future year. I want you people to keep this thing in mind; that we have the richest soil in the world; that we have more wealth per capita than any other state in the union. Not only is that fact true but the egg crop of Iowa is worth more than the orange crop of the entire United States. We are first in the value of horses; we are second in the number of cattle, only being exceeded by Texas, having a territory much larger than Iowa. Now we have many distressing things, it is true, here in Iowa, but we can and we should meet this situation. There is, as Dr. Pearson stated, an over-production. He suggested that we should curtail production. I am sure we all agree with the President of our great agricultural college that this should be done. He also suggested one other remedy, that is the accumulation or taking off the market of certain corn, and there is just one thought in that connection I want to leave with you. That is this, I won- der whether that would result in very great relief for the reason that that visible supply would be ever present and affect your market condition. It seems to me, ladies and gentlemen, that we must first reduce production and then must try to find a market for this corn which will use it up. It seems to me that what we need today is not so much more financing as it is a marketing of our present over-production and present crop. Now the question naturally arises, in a sense, how can this be done? I know it is a difficult problem, it is one that is going to be hard to solve. We cannot loan money to the eastern countries and expect them to repay to us this money in buying of our food products, but we should, however, I believe, extend to all eastern countries a credit by which they may buy some of our farm products, thus extending credit for the purpose of ex- pediting the purchase of our products rather than loaning money for any general purchases at this time. Now people speak sometimes of the depressed condition of the country. True, it is not the best at the present time, but I want you people to keep in mind that the wealth of this country is 240 billion; that we owe, it is true, twenty-five billion, but we are owed by other countries nine billion dollars. This country is a long ways from being bankrupt at this time. What we need, as Dr. Pearson has said, is men with courage, men with backbone, who are going to go out and meet this situation and meet it squarely and honestly. The question is, how can these things be done? 134 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II To my notion, one of the greatest handicaps today is our freight charges and I want to say in this connection, and I am sure you men and women who are business men and women, will agree with this, that we cannot reduce freight rates, we cannot have adequate control and direction of our railroads as long as we have two organizations, one fixing the price of labor and the other fixing the freight rates, and going in opposite directions. There is need of placing together the responsibility as to this proposition and having one board having charge of this proposition rather than having one board having charge of one and the other having charge of the other. But we are not going to secure results along these lines unless something is done to bring this change about. It is necessary today that we encourage, as Mr. Barney says, the dairy industry in Iowa. I want to congratulate the butter makers of Iowa upon securing this splendid banner for Iowa. I am sure we are all proud of the progress we have made in the dairy industry in Iowa. But if any- thing is needed today it is more cows, it is better cows and better care of our cows. As a matter of fact, we have in this state 1,400,000 cows, and the average production of a cow in Iowa is 140 pounds. Not only is that fact true but in Denmark it is 275, in Holland it is 300, in Wisconsin and New York 225 to 275. The facts are we are guessing at results too much. If we are going to farm this high priced land in Iowa we must not guess at results, we must know. There are too many cows on the Iowa farm today that are being kept there at a loss. Our agricultural college at Ames is doing a great work along these lines and I have always been imbued with the idea that as far as our expenditures were concerned, they were out of step in many respects with the teaching of the day and that care in the selection of our cows might result in better conditions. The Pennsylvania railroad keeps a record of every rail on its roadbed. They do not guess at results, they know. Now in this farm operation we must quit guessing at results, we must know. It is no longer a question of excuses, we are going to be called upon to deliver results. The question is how we are going to meet this situation. It can only be met by a better market, by a better farm system and I believe that insofar as the situation in Iowa is concerned our real remedy has got to be worked out by us individually. Our condition today is economic, not political. We have had too much credit in this state and in this nation in the past and the order of the day is liquidation and all that can be done in a sense in the general financial way is to pass us over this present situation as best we can expect to do and liquidate as we go on. That illustrates a situation that arose up in Eagle Grove a short time ago. One of the farmers there at Eagle Grove the other day went to the bank to borrow some money. He said he wanted to pay his taxes, he had a farm out there, and the ques- tion arose of giving security, and he said to the banker, "I am willing to give you security on my hogs, my cattle and crops, if you desire it, but I have got to have this money to pay my taxes. He didn't know whether he was going to get the banker to loan this money. He says, "What se- curity do you want?" And the banker says, "I don't care anything about a mortgage on any of this property you have given me but I do want you to bring in the hind wheels of your automobile and leave them with me." PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 135 That has been part of the situation here in this state. It is true not only in the state but in the nation. We have been living too extravagantly. We have had limousine ideas, and, ladies and gentlemen, we have got to pay for them. That is our situation today. What is going to be the remedy? We must earn the right to exist by imitating our forefathers and living conservatively. They have set a wonderful example for us along these lines. We must be willing to return to these old fundamental principles that work is still ennobling and that success is self dependent and not dependent on others. We must, as I say, return to these fundamental prin- ciples. We also want to keep this fact in mind that we must start out in the world with the idea we are going to give exact justice, then we are going to be in a position to demand exact justice. Don't overlook the fact the American people know what exact justice is. Sooner or later they are going to demand it. Also keep this fact in mind, we are all going to go up or all going to go down together. No longer can we live and let live but we can live and help live. We have been living in the past in a con- dition in which thirty million people were engaged in w^ar. What could we expect as a result of that condition. As Marshall Foch said the other day, it is more difficult to win peace than it is to win war. That is the condition we are confronted with today, and I believe that we should give each well behaved man or woman an equal responsibility, an equal oppor- tunity and then require that they shall share an equal return in propor- tion to the obligations that have been placed upon them. We also want to keep this fact in mind, that we should not lose faith in humanity. Losing faith in humanity is losing faith in our government and in the future of our country. Also keep this fact in mind, that God has given the power to the people to reason; He is not going to solve this problem, but He has given to our nation understanding to meet the su- preme duty of the hour. I thank you. President Cameron : That will complete our program this morn- ing, and we will now stand adjourned until 1 :30 this afternoon. WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 14, 1921, 1:30 P. M. President Cameron : Gentlemen, yoti will please come to order. Is the Committee on Credentials ready to report ? Mr. F. E. Sheldon, Chairman : The report of the Committee is in the hands of Secretary Corey. Secretary Corey : I will read the list of delegates that have turned in credentials as reported by the Credentials Committee. REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON CREDENTIALS We, your Committee on Credentials, report the following list of dele- gates entitled to vote at the State Agricultural Convention, December 14. 1921. COUNTY AND DISTRICT FAIRS. Adair F. A. Gatch, Greenfield Adams C. T. Mercer, Corning Allamakee T.J. McDermott, Waukon 136 TWTJNTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II Audubon R. D. Hawks, Audubon Benton Logan B. Urice, Vinton Black Hawk J. L. Bailey, Cedar Falls Black Hawk — Waterloo E. S. Estel, Waterloo Boone Harry Hephery, Ogden Bremer Joe P. Grawe, Waverly Buchanan E. Richardson, Aurora Buchanan — Independence E. A. Giles, Independence Buchanan — Jesup J. A. Miller, Jesup Buena Vista Roy H. Wilkinson, Alta Butler J. C. Carter, Allison Calhoun — Manson J. C. Hoag, Manson Calhoun — Rockwell City Andrew Stewart, Rockwell City Carroll C. H. Parsons, Carroll Cass Carl E. Hoffman, Atlantic Cedar C. F. Simmermaker, Tipton Cerro Gordo Chas. H. Barber, Mason City Chickasaw C. L. Putney, Nashua Clay L. W. Emery, Spencer Clayton — Elkader C. A. Benson, Elkader Clayton — Strawberry Point G. W. Barr, Strawberry Point Clayton — National A. J. Kregel, Garnavillo Clinton G. H. Christensen, DeWitt Crawford C. P. Harvey, Denison Dallas H. C. Modlin, Perry Davis Frank C. Young, Bloomfield Decatur CM. Akes, Leon Delaware ' . E. W. WiUiams, Manchester Des Moines Frank C. Norton, Burlington Dickinson J. E. Merrill, Spirit Lake Dubuque N. G. Malin, Dyersville Fayette H. M. Stafford, West Union Fremont J. S. Athen, Hamburg Greene E.G. Freeman, Jefferson Grundy A. G. Briggs, Grundy Center Guthrie H. A. Covault, Guthrie Center Hamilton A. E. Bryan, Webster City Hancock O. L. Senneff , Britt Hardin W. H. Rowen, Union Harrison J. E. Jones, Missouri Valley Henry F. B. Montgomery, Mt. Pleasant Henry — Winfield Russell Canby, Winfield Humboldt C. Skow, Humboldt Ida Frank R. Kerrigan, Ida Grove Jackson E. A. Phillips, Maquoketa Jasper E.J. Failor, Newton Jefferson Chas. H. Ross, Fairfield Jones — Anamosa W. E. Daly, Anamosa Jones— Monticello H. M. Carlsen, Monticello Keokuk A. L. Humes, Kossuth S. D. Quarton, Algona Lee E. C. Lynn, Donnellson Lee— West Point Theodore Vonderhaar, West Point Linn — Central City C. E. Butters, Central City Linn — Marion E. E. Parsons, Marion Louisa R. S. Johnston, Columbus City Lucas H. E. Thorne, Derby Lyon W. G. Smith, Rock Rapids Mahaska Roy E. Rowland, Oskaloosa Marion C. M. Gilson, Knoxviile Marshall F. C. Davis, Albion Marshall E. A. Fricke, Marshalltown PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 137 Mills G. H. White, Malvern Mitchell John McNulty, Osage Monona N. W. McBeath, Whiting Monroe F. A. Wilkinson, Albia Muscatine W. H. Shipman, West Liberty O'Brien H. E. Benson, Sheldon Page— Clarinda J. C. Beckner, Clarinda Page— Shenandoah H. H. Hatcher, Shenandoah Pocahontas Edward J. Mullen, Fonda Pottawattamie W. W. Wiese, Avoca Poweshiek r. O. Heatwole, Brooklyn Sac W. F. Weary, Sac City Scott M. E. Bacon, Davenport Shelby W. E. Cooper, Harlan Sioux Dr. H. T. VandeWaa, Orange City Story Robt. J. Shanahan, Ames Tama B. R. Emerson, Toledo Taylor B. J. Flick, Bedford Van Buren R. C. Hoskins, Milton Warren j. Fred Henry, Indianola Wayne John Krouse, Corydon Webster H. S. Stanbery, Fort Dodge Winnebago R. E. Hanson, Forest City Winneshiek H. J. Green, Decorah Woodbury Don V. Moore, Sioux City Worth N. T. Christianson, Northwood Wright W. C. Ramsay, Belmond FARMERS' INSTITUTES Black Hawk G. F. Johnson, Hudson Franklin W. H. Thompson, Geneva Johnson L. R. Morford, Iowa City Page E. G. Strong, Clarinda Polk James H. Deemer, Des Moines Story Elmer Reed, Ames Warren T. Bonar McKee, Carlisle COUNTIES IN WHICH NO FAIRS ARE HELD Cherokee W. P. Dawson, Aurelia Franklin T. W. Purcell, Hampton Madison T.J. Hudson, Winterset Polk J. A. Packman, Des Moines Union Ira A. Griff, Af ton Wapello Milo Reno, Agency ASSOCIATIONS ENTITLED TO REPRESENTATION State Horticultural Society H. L. Merkel, Des Moines Iowa State Dairy Association J. P. Eves, Waterloo STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE Ex-Officio Members Governor N. E. Kendall Pres. State College of Agriculture & Mechanic Arts. .R. A. Pearson, Ames State Veterinarian Dr. Peter Malcolm State Food and Dairy Commissioner W. B. Barney Officers President C. E. Cameron, Alta Vice President J. P. Mullen, Fonda Secretary A. R. Corey, Des Moines Treasurer W. W. Morrow, Afton 138 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II District Members First District H. O. Weaver, Wapello Second District E. T, Davis, Iowa City Third District E. M. Reeves, Waverly Fourth District E.J. Curtin, Decorah Fifth District C. A. Tow, Norway Sixth District T. C. Legoe, AVliat Cheer Seventh District C. F. Curtiss, Ames Eighth District F. E. Sheldon, Mt. Ayr Ninth District Tenth District Sears McHenry, Denison Eleventh District H. L. Pike, Whiting F. E. SHELDON, H. S. STANBERY, ROY E. ROWLAND, Committee on Credentials. President Cameron : You have heard the report of the Commit- tee on Credentials. What will you do with it? It was moved and seconded that the report be adopted and the Committee be continued, to add the names of delegates that may come in. The motion was put and carried. President Cameron : \A> will now listen to the report of the Com- mittee on Resolutions. Mr. W. G. Smith, Chairman : The report of the Committee on Resohitions is very brief and is as follows : We desire to congratulate the management, the officers and the di- rectors of the Iowa State Fair on their success, and we hereby extend to the said officers and directors of the Iowa State Fair our sincere appre- ciation and thanks for the loyal and efficient services rendered the people of the great State of Iowa, and tender to them our hearty co-operation in the holding of future fairs. In view of the fact of the sentiment expressed that the coming year will continue to be a crucial test for all fairs, owing to the reduced values of agricultural products, we pledge to the State Fair Board our unqualified support and co-operation, that the 1922 fair may keep pace with the fairs of the past. We especially desire to commend the efficient and worthy service of the Executive Management of the fair board, and more particularly our Sec- retary A. R. Corey, and his very efficient assistants, for their painstaking and earnest efforts in the up-building of the state fair, and for the cour- teous consideration shown to the various county and district organizations throughout the state. That inasmuch as the attendance and importance of the annual meeting of the Fair Managers Association has grown in the past few years, and for the reason that many valuable addresses are delivered at the meetings heM in connection with the State Agricultural convention, we recommend PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 139 that proceedings of these meetings be printed at the close of the conven- tion and be distributed to the members. W. G. SMITH, S. J. JOHNSTON, S. D. QUARTON, Committee. The resolutions were adopted as read. President Cameron : Gentlemen, I don't think you need any intro- duction to the next speaker. Iowa is proud of him. We have the honor of presenting to you the head of the great Farm Bureau of the United States, ]\Ir. John R. Howard. President Howard of the American Farm Bureau: Mr. Chairman and gentlemien, I certainly am very glad to be back home again today and to renew your acquaintances. I have been more or less rambling in a pretty big field for the last two or three years. It has been an uncharted field. It has been indeed a time of very great trouble and perplexity and hence it has been harder to chart a course and hold true to it than would have been true under normal conditions. If I were to tell you what I think has been the great function of the American Farm Bureau, and I am speaking from the national viewpoint today in the main rather than the state viewpoint, I would say that it has been to burn the importance of agriculture into the consciousness of all classes of this nation, and I assure you that is a job which is sorely needed to be done because there are great numbers of our population and great classes of American industry who do not stop to realize that the farm is the basis of all our national prosperity. We have been telling these people that their cities and rairoads and financial institutions have all come from the soil of America, they are from the farms or the mines or the forests and that which did not come directly from the farms came indirectly from the farms. And all these cities and industrial institutions have been built out of the margins between the farmers' or producers' costs and the consumers' prices. We have been telling to them the story that American agriculture is entering a new era, that the great vast ex- panse of western lands which were available when most of us were boys are now all under cultivation; that area expansion of agriculture is no longer possible to any great extent, that our food supplies must come from the lands now in tilling and that these things all demand the careful thought not only of the farmer but the business man as well. It was a little more than a year ago that I met a representative of east- ern industry on a train. He had been on some mission to South America. He had served an apprenticeship for a number of years as secretary for a millionaire eastern United States senator. I was telling him of some of Iowa farm problems and that it was necessary to have a better agriculture than we had previously had, that it was necessary in order to keep the best feeling on the farms of America that the farmer have better prices for his products than had before prevailed; that it was necessary for the welfare of unborn generations that the fertility of this soil of ours be maintained and not depleted. I remember well how he turned to me and 140 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II said, "There is no agricultural problem in America." He said, "America was not destined to be a great agricultural nation, it is destined to be the greatest manufacturing and commercial nation the world has ever known and not until your soil of the Mississippi valley and the soil of the great South American empire is reduced to the same degree of depleted fertility as the soil of the New England states will there ever be an agricultural problem in America." Now that is an extreme statement, of course. Very few people go to that length but it does voice to some degree the senti- ment which a great mass of the population feel towards the farmer. They consider that our function is to produce, produce largely and more largely regardless of profit. I am not sure but what there are some reasons why they should feel that way. As a nation we have had a policy for a number of years of getting our new lands settled. A great deal of our government revenue has come from the sale of these lands and the government through its homesteading policy has promoted agricultural production and the competition of the new lands has virtually put many of the older agricul- tural sections out of the running so far as profit is concerned. But of course that is past. The railroads have had much to do with the development of our agricul- ture. With large government subsidies they have gone into new territories to develop tonnage, for transportation always must precede the tonnage. So I say that it is necessary that the nation as a whole realize that we must act, that they must and we all must give a careful consideration to the problems which affect us all. Just at this time we are overburdened with surpluses of some of our crops, particularly corn. You people know as well as I that we would be better off if we had less corn and more money and if we had less corn we would have more money. The fact is we have 670 million bushels more corn in America today than has been used in an average year of the past ten years and 670 million bushels is one-fourth the normal com crop of the United States. If you take the year of the greatest consumption of corn, which was last year, we still have 370 million bushels more than dis- appeared from the farms of America last year. And by disappearance I mean that it was fed to live stock or that it was marketed. So we do have a serious problem. Now I want to give you another little picture of the attitude of some people toward this corn crop of ours. Russia is starving. Millions and millions of people must perish unless relief soon comes. Our relief asso- ciations have sent good and reliable men over there to canvass the situa- tion. They came back with the recommendation that corn should be sent to those starving Russians; that every community in Russia has its mill and can take care of this corn and they addressed the President to ask that Congress make an appropriation to buy 20 million bushels of these 670 million bushels of surplus to send to Russia. The President recom- mended in his message the purchase of 10 million bushels. A bill was introduced into Congress. I am just back from Washington and I want to tell you that there is every possible effort being made by the New England bloc in the House of Representatives to defeat that appropriation. I don't think they are going to defeat it, but they don't want the govern- PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 141 ment to handle this corn. They don't object to the appropriation but these people want to handle the funds. They want this corn to go through regu- lar marketing agencies and reap a profit from it. At least that is the only explanation of their attitude. Now just a word about relief agencies and about the possibility of ex- panding the corn market. A year ago the American Relief Association through Mr. Hoover had planned to put on a campaign and solicit corn from the farms of Iowa and other states for the relief of central Europe. The plan was to sell this corn on the markets of this country and to take the proceeds and invest it in food supplies and other goods. The American Farm Bureau Federation took this matter up with Mr. Hoover and after some negotiations he changed his plans. We convinced him that corn is a good food, that even it won't hurt children to eat corn products. We con- vinced him that the products of our corn mills would be desirable and that the American farmer did not want to give corn, and it was unfair to ask him to give corn to further depress the markets of this country. What we wanted was to get the corn out of the country. He finally consented to that and through our organizations collected about 700,000 bushels of corn. This corn was processed in the mills of this country by American labor, the by-products sold and the proceeds put into other corn. A record was kept of every bushel of that corn from the time it left the station until it was loaded on the ship. We had a selfish motive in that as well as a humanitarian motive, and the selfish motive was the advertisement of corn as a food product. I wonder if we have gotten any results? I want to assure you that we have, although it is not yet six months since the last of these ship- ments reached Europe. I cannot tell you how much the results are but I can tell you that as a direct result of that gift corn one single nation which received less than one-third of the shipment of corn has placed a single order for 8,900 tons of American corn products and they tell us that many, many other orders are coming because that corn proved a most satisfac- tory food in their time of need. As an interesting sidelight we required that as many of the different products manufactured from corn as possible be included, so a considerable quantity of corn oil was sent over. They said, "We can't use that corn oil, we don't know what to do with it." But when they got it over there they found they had a large number of Jewish people who were suffering who could not use our animal fats because of their ecclesiastical requirements. They distributed that corn oil to these people. It met their every ecclesiastical requirement and was absolutely satisfactory and as a result a number of orders for corn oil for use amongst these people in Europe have been received in this country. So with regard to Russian relief it is another opportunity not only to relieve humanity but to open up new markets for our great American cereal. I really think this corn situation deserves a most careful study at this time. Not only do we have this large surplus but in the past two years, or from January 1, 1919, to January 1, 1921, there was a decrease of 1,299,000 horses in this country . That decrease was largely in the towns and cities. A working horse will eat three tons of corn and three tons of 142 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II hay every year. If you will figure a little you will see why we have a part of this surplus. They have been replaced, of course, by gasoline. I am satisfied in my own mind as much as I ever was satisfied of anything that the horse is coming back, is going to stay on the farms of America, we can't get along without it. It is our cheapest power, our most reliable power and the horse is coming back to some extent on the streets of the cities of this country, and you men who are interested in the horse busi- ness let me tell you, don't lose your faith in the horse. While our horses have been decreased our cattle also have decreased to the extent of more than two million head. Nearly four million head of sheep have disap- peared and we have almost eight million less hogs than we had two years ago. It is too bad for the sake of the Iowa farmer, it is too bad for the sake of the maintenance of the soil fertility of this great state that meat con- sumption in United States has materially decreased. I think it should be increased. I think it will be increased. It is one of our problems as Iowa farmers to encourage the increase of meat consumption. A number of things have entered into its decrease, but perhaps more than any other one factor has been the high price of meat in the retail markets of the country. If you would ask me to analyze and name to you the three things which are most hurting American agriculture today I would name the credit situation, transportation and the high price of retail goods in the country. A situation which will make for five cent hides and ten dollar shoes will wreck the country, and seven or eight cent cattle or six or seven cent cattle and forty cent beef steak cannot continue. But that is exactly what we are up against. It affects consumption most materially. It enters into the railroad problem. The problem of the railroads in order to enable them to reduce freight rates is one of reduction in labor costs and the laboring man must live, he must buy clothing, he must buy shoes, he must buy bread and he must buy meat and he gets it on the retail market of the country. Now I am aware that many of our country merchants are just as hard pressed as we farmers are. I am not speaking of them. I am speaking of the conditions which prevail in the cities of this country where the bulk of our labor lives and the wage schedules of which dominate the country. And I tell you candidly that the laboring man who must work in the city and work on the section or in a shop or on a train cannot maintain a decent stand- ard of living at very much less wage than he is now getting. He possibly can take some reduction. But if this spread between the producer and consumer were narrowed, then he could because wages should not prop- erly be measured by dollars and cents so much as they should be meas- ured in commodities which the day's wage will enable the laborer to buy. Now about railroad rates and wages. That laborer who lives in the city draws just the same per diem if he is a track man or right of way man, and that is where a great deal of railroad labor is used. He draws the same per diem as the Greek or Italian or Mexican who lives in a box car along the railroad track, who would not live in a decent house if he had it and who sends every dollar of his wages out of this country just as fast as he earns it. If I were to make any suggestions requiring changes in our PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 143 transportation law it would be to say to you that the whole wage system needs revision; that the railroad should he given a right to go on the labor markets of this country and buy its labor as any other industry buys it. This it cannot do because of the restrictions of the Railroad Labor Board, The public has been deprived of a hearing before the Railroad Labor Board. Not only has the American Farm Bureau Federation asked to appear on behalf of the farmers of this country but the national industrial traffic league has asked that same permission and the National Manufacturers Association has asked the permission. All have been denied the privilege of speaking for the public of this country with regard to this important item which affects our transportation. I don't believe the spirit of this country or the thought of the people would ever permit us to go back to a system that did not provide some board to stand between the railroad em- ployee and the railroad in defense of the general public. And I do say to you that one governmental body in Washington which regulates every cent of the income of the railroads and another governmental body or com- mission in Chicago which regulates sixty per cent of the expenditure of that income cannot function in the interests of the whole people. I have this in mind myself, it is my own individual thought, that the transporta- tion act should be so amended that the labor board should be done away with as it now exists; its functions should be transferred to the Interstate Commerce Commission which already exists. That Interstate Commerce Commission as a whole or in part or by additions to Its membership should serve as a body to consider the evidence in case of an imminent strike between the employer and employee and only then as it affects train serv- ice, for that is about the only thing that concerns us as the general public; that is a strike of right of way men would not result in general starving on the part of the people of America. That this board in these cases should make a thorough investigation, should give the public their informa- tion and that it should be a high crime for any strike to be declared until that information is in the hands of the public. I think that would go a long way towards a satisfactory settlement of this important transportation item, since really this transportation question is so big that nobody, I think, comprehends it. I am only giving you a general conclusion. When some radical or half-informed fellow gets to talking the railroad question the probability is that he has not investigated the things which he is talking about. When anyone discounts the infor- mation obtained by the Interstate Commerce Commission he is going against the only reliable source of information in this country. If their information be accurate it is my impression that we are headed very soon directly into government ownership of the railroads or we are headed to- wards a policy which will remove some of the restrictions of the com- missions now regulating railroads. You know that no Board of Railroad Directors can control more than five per cent of the income of the rail- roads at this time. They are that nearly governmentally controlled. They must either be given more personal initiative to work out their own conditions, and that of course under a proper curb of government au- thority, or they must come into the hands of the government. I really be- 144 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II lieve one of these two things will happen soon. Personally I have had enough of government ownership and government operation of the rail- road. I don't know whether you know it or not but the government has already paid out to the railroads an expense account of 1,800,000,000 dollars as a result of the experiment and they are not through yet. They owe the railroads at least another quarter of a billion of dollars before the gov- ernmental obligation is settled. Just a word or two more now with regard to the present condition which confronts us. It is not an Iowa condition or a United States condition. It is a world condition. I took luncheon the other day with the agricul- tural attaches of three foreign countries and they told me that in their countries pretty much the same problems are being met which affect us here. It was inevitable that there be some reaction from the very strong currents of action which took place during the war. I have no doubt that a great deal of the trouble is directly attributable to deflation. I read recently the opinion of some eminent man when the Federal Reserve Bank's Act was enacted which said there was tremendous danger in the act because it was an inflation act and inflation must always be followed by deflation, and we certainly got the deflation. We got it too fast and too hard. There is no doubt that it was shot first at agriculture, you can't put your finger on the passage but I feel it was a deliberate intent to strike -agriculture first, that is my own conviction, and it certainly suc- ceeded. Now with regard to our prices, other industries are rapidly fol- lowing the farmer on his downward course and they are coming down just as far as we went down before they are through with it unless our prices rapidly react. I think you will agree with me that it would be better if the farmers' prices could come up to the level of other prices rather than their prices be brought down to our level. The figures of the Bureau of Labor for the month of October which are the most reliable statistics which the government has, states that the all- commodity price level or index, — and by all commodity, they keep lists of daily fluctuations of such things as steel and clothing and shoes and household furnishings and all these things, a long list of them as well as farm prices — these commodities stood at 150 points counting 100 points the average of 1913 which was the last full year before the war. Agricul- tural commodities stood at 119 points and that was not our farm price of agricultural commodities, that was the wholesale price or terminal price. Now if you subtract out of all commodities farm products and reduce out of the farm products, reduce the price to the farm price for these products you will find that our exchange is only sixty-five per cent as much as it was before the war. That is, a bushel of our corn or our wheat or a hun- dred pounds of our pork will only buy two-thirds as much of the necessary things of life as a bushel of wheat or a bushel of corn or a hundred pounds of pork would buy in 1913. Now that is the exchange rate, let's call it the domestic exchange rate, if you please. It is the exchange rate in this country between the agricultural commodities and other commodities. They talk a good deal about foreign exchange and the effect of foreign exchange upon prices and conditions. If you reduce our domestic ex- change as represented by the farmers' buying power to terms of English PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 145 money, which has been called the world's standard, it would reduce that English pound to $3.16 which is six points lower than the international exchange between this country and England ever reached and more than 100 points lower than it is today. There are some things which I might mention, namely that this all commodity price has continued practically level for the last six months which would indicate that we are reaching something like a stable basis which when all of our adjustments are made will be about fifty per cent higher than the prices of 1913. We don't know that but that is the indi- cation. A great deal of discussion has taken place regarding future prices, re- garding Iowa land values, for instance, and whether Iowa land is too high or not. I mention this for your thought and with that let me say that in the past ten years the amount of money in this country has increased ninety-six per cent and it is supposed that the amount of money reflects prices. The amount of bank credit in the same ten years increased 144 per cent and many people say that bank credit has displaced the quanti- tative theory of money. So that either on the basis of bank credit or per capita circulation of money, prices will be very materially higher when adjustments are made. It is interesting to note that in connection with land values the total valuation of the farms in the United States from 1910 to 1920 increased exactly the same percentage as our total monetary circulation increased. So that I have not lost faith in the value of my Iowa farm and I am not going to lose faith in it. I consider it the best property, the best investment in America today. I have every confidence that sooner or later, I hope sooner, although it may be later than we want, these adjustments are going to be settled. I have reason to be confident because I know that this human family of ours has got to eat and I know the feeding of a hundred million people is a big contract and I know this state of ours is the greatest garden spot in America and in the world and I know that finally American agriculture is going to come into its own not as an agriculture controlled by peasantry but an agriculture in the hands of an enlightened and intelligent and educated citizenship. President Cameron : Here is a gentleman who needs no introduc- tion, our governor. Governor N. E. Kendall: Mr. President: I very much regret that I have been so occupied the past two days with duties that I could not postpone that it has not been possible for me to attend any of the meetings until now. I am not an interloper here; I am an ex-officio member of the Board of Agriculture in Iowa, and I deem it one of the pleasant incidents con- nected with the office that I occupy. I for a long time took very great pride indeed in the State Fair of Iowa, and as I see its exposition each recurring year I am inspired with even greater satisfaction in what is being done; and each of the county exhibitions that are held everywhere. They are real educational enterprises to instruct as well as amuse and edify the people. I wish I might have heard the address to which you have just listened here. It is not possible for me now to confront a gathering of men inter- 10 146 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II ested in agriculture without reflecting somewhat upon the conditions which prevail in that business. And agriculture is a business, a manufac- turing business, if you please, and entitled to the same consideration that ought to attach to any other business or industrial enterprise. We have a great state here, an area I suppose that is unequalled anywhere in the world for productiveness. Our soil is generous in the returns it makes to our labor and we have always an abundance of those things which are necessary to the comfort and happiness of the people. We have fallen upon perilous times in agriculture. We were to blame for part of it ourselves. While the war was in progress everybody, far- mers and all, became intoxicated with the insanity of extravagance. We lost all our bearings, all our notions of economy and prudence and frugality. If a farmer living in the country had a Ford car which answered every function of his family and his neighbor bought a Cadillac, and the wife of the first farmer said, "I don't intend to ride around in this old rattle- trap when that neighbor of mine enjoys that handsome limousine." Well, the farmer went down to the bank — hogs were $20 a hundred, corn $1.85 a bushel, — ^and he made an exchange of his serviceable Ford for a Cad- illac and the banker kindly loaned him the difference with which to make the transaction. Prices were as I said at that time, and after a while the note matured, as all obligations have an unhappy faculty of doing, gen- erally at the most inopportune time, so when the time came for this good man and his good wife to pay, corn had dropped to forty-five cents and pork to $7.50 a hundred. The case I have stated is typical of what trans- spired all over Iowa. It is not confined to farmers but to every element of our society and the consequence is we have discovered ourselves fallen upon times when men who heretofore have been regarded as entirely solvent now find extreme difllculty in commanding money to defray their ordinary and regular expenses. What is to be done? That is the question that is engaging the attention of every man who is now interested in our situation, because there can be no permanent or acceptable prosperity in Iowa until the men who pro- duce food commodities can market them on a profitable margin. Our agri- culture is the basis and bottom of all our industrial activity of every description. What can be done? We have lately had another agency added to the financial machinery which has been installed to relieve the situation. The War Finance Board — to start with I want to say that I believe the bankers of Iowa have exhausted every resource possible to relieve the situation as it has existed in our state. In my opinion they have performed as patriotic a service in this emergency as they did during the great world's war. But the truth is that all our reservoirs of credit were exhausted and the banks of our state were not able to take care of the vast mass of indebtedness which was maturing day after day. The government has placed at the disposal of the farmers of the country a billion dollars, and if that money could go direct from the government to the farmer there would be very great relief, but I am persuaded to believe with the restrictions which have been imposed will render im- possible the relief of a great many farmers of this state who otherwise might accept of it. I wish we had had the judgment in Iowa to embark PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 147 upon the program adopted in the state of South Dakota. You know what their rural credits plan there is. They amended their constitution pro- viding that the state should borrow money on bonds at five per cent inter- est and reloan that direct to the farmers on long time paper at six per cent, and now they have loaned in that state nearly sixty millions of dollars directly made by the state to the farmer himself without any in- tervening agency that has the effect of absorbing in some measure the relief that ought to go direct to the farmer. When Governor McMasters was here a couple of months ago at the conference that was held of execu- tives of this section of the country he told me that out of eight thousand loans which are now in effect in South Dakota at the end of the fiscal year June 30, 1921, only two borrowers had defaulted in principal and interest. We have got in this state to come, in my opinion, to the adoption of some such resource as that for direct immediate relief to the men who make our prosperity possible. I think that is one thing we can do in the future. The immediate necessity for us is the radical reduction of freight rates in this whole Mississippi valley. We have fallen into the obsession, which is a fallacious one to apply, no matter how prosperous agriculture is, no matter how stagnant business is, no matter how perilous manufac- turing is, no matter how universal unemployment is, the railroads are to be guaranteed a fixed return upon their capital. We must get away from that idea because it is an economic fallacy. The railroad companies are entitled to a fair return but that fair return is to be measured by the conditions that prevail in all other lines of industry throughout the coun- try. If our farmers were prosperous during the war look at the prices they received. While the prices of farm products during the war measured by money were high, but measured by the things that the farmer had to buy with what he produced they were not relatively high. What would be said if they said now every farmer in the Mississippi valley shall be in- sured a certain return upon his property investment; the very proposition itself would fall to the ground of its own absurdity. But I insist that the same valuation which attaches to the farm should be applied to the rail- road and it should receive a fair return considering the conditions of business which exist in the country at large. Don't get the idea that the railroads cannot afford to make a reduction in freight rates. I undertake to say that no man can examine returns that have been filed by them for the month ending October and not be entirely convinced that they can stand a reduction of twenty-five per cent, every trunk line that operates in Iowa and still earn a return equal to that provided for the standard railroad under the transportation act. I hope this convention here, I do not mean by formal resolution, but I hope you may go away from here determined to let the men at Washington know your feelings on this important subject. These men are down there thirteen hundred miles away from Iowa. The environments are different there, the surroundings are altogether different. There is a different atmosphere in Washington to that which prevails in Iowa. You go down there and remain a month and you will be glad to escape the miasma of that atmosphere and breathe again the pure ozone of the Iowa prairies. Keep in close touch with the men you have elected congressmen, that you have elected to official posl- 148 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II tions in the state and you will have the best government. The best gov- ernment is that government where every eye in the state is fastened squarely upon every one of its public servants. I wonder how many of you men have written to your congressman lately in regard to your view on any subject. One. We ought to have more interest in public affairs than is manifested in this assembly here this afternoon. You are repre- sentative men of the great agricultural interests of the state of Iowa and you ought to keep in constant communication with the men whose legislation either makes profitable or disastrous the result of your enter- prise. They will welcome it. Any public servant who wants to do his duty, and I think they all do, will be glad to hear from the men to whom he is responsible for his public conduct. Write to them. Let us bring some pressure to bear and see if we can get a reduction of freight rates in the Mississippi valley. I wrote to Senator Kenyon, who is a very active man in the interest of the Iowa farmer. I wrote to him and told him we would have to have new freight rates or go into bankruptcy. He wrote back and said the Interstate Commerce Commission would not give us new freight rates. Then I said to him in that event we ought to have a new Interstate Commerce Commission. We have come to that place right now in this country. We want a commission there that will be responsive to public opinion and the demand of the people in the Mississippi valley. President Cameron : I think that completes our program for this afternoon. The next order of business will be the election of officers and members of the State Board of Agriculture. Vice President Mullen : We v^ill now proceed to the election of the president of the State Board of Agriculture for the coming year. What is your pleasure. L. W. Emery of Clay county : Mr. Vice President, Northwestern Iowa once again wishes to present the name that needs no introduc- tion, Mr. C. E. Cameron of Alta, Iowa. C. P. Harvey of Crawford county seconded the nomination. R. J. Shanahan of Story county then moved that the nominations be closed, the rules suspended, and that the secretary be instructed to cast the entire ballot of the Society for Mr. Cameron for president. Motion was seconded and carried and the secretary announced that he so cast the entire vote of the convention for Mr. Cameron. The vice president declared Mr. Cameron duly elected as president to succeed himself for the ensuing year. President Cameron : Gentlemen, you do not know how much I appreciate this honor and especially at this time. I want to say to you men, in behalf of the Department of Agriculture, if there is any- thing that the State Board of Agriculture can do for you people to make your fairs a success do not hesitate to call upon us. I thank you, gentlemen. PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 149 The next will be the election of vice president. H. S. Stanberry of Webster county : I desire to place in nomina- tion our mutual friend, Mr. John P. Mullen. The motion was duly seconded by R. H. Wilkinson of Buena Vista county. There being no other nominations, R. J. Shanahan of Story county moved that the rules be suspended and that the secre- tary be instructed to cast the unanimous ballot of the convention for Mr. Mullen for vice president. The motion was seconded and the secretary thereupon cast the vote of the entire convention for Mr. Mullen and the president declared Mr. Mullen duly elected vice president of the State Board of Agriculture for the ensuing year. J. P. Mullen : Gentlemen, for this renewed confidence of yours in my w^ork I sincerely thank you, and I hope to repay you by equal, if not greater efforts in the future for the success of the Iowa State Fair. I thank you again. President Cameron : As you no doubt all know there is an election of directors, in odd numbered district one year and in even num- bered the next. This year it is the odd numbers, commencing with the First District. R. S. Johnston of Louisa county : I would like to place in nomina- tion Mr. H. O. Weaver of Wapello as director from the First Dis- trict to succeed himself. President Cameron : Are there any further nominations ? There being no further nominations, Mr. Johnston moved that the rules be suspended and that the secretary be instructed to cast the entire vote of the convention for Mr. Weaver. The motion was seconded and carried and the secretary announced that he had so cast the vote of the convention for Mr. Weaver, and the president declared Mr. Weaver elected to succeed himself as director from the First District. President Cameron : We will now receive nominations for di- rector to represent the Third District. E. S. Estel of Black Hawk county : I desire to place in nomina- tion for the Third District a 'farmer and fair secretary and a pure- bred breeder of dairy cattle and hogs. The man I have in mind has the full confidence of the dairymen of the state. The dairy industry, I believe, as was told you this morning, represents a very large part of the agricultural interests. It represents in value $152,000,000. The man whom I have in mind, I believe, will be the first direct rep- 150 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II resentative of the dairy industry on our State Agricultural Board. He is a man who has exhibited cattle widely at state fairs, has suc- ceeded, and has absorbed from his experience valuable information that would help him as a member of the Board. As I said he is a farmer, I place in nomination Mr. W. J. Campbell of Jesup. E. T. Davis of Johnson county : I place in nomination Mr. E. M. Reeves of Bremer County to succeed himself. W. P. Dawson of Cherokee : I have in mind a man for this place who will represent not only agriculture, but the great division of agriculture known as horticulture. On the list of members of this Board you have almost every industry well represented either by spe- cial men or by men who are generally interested in these things, and we find that most of the other industries of the state are pretty well developed while horticulture has been overlooked largely and has really not been making any progress. I have in mind a man who is president of the State Nurseryman's Association, member of the affiliated societies of the State Horticultural Society, a man who has made a success of his own business, understanding not only horti- culture but agriculture, a constructive farmer and nurseryman, Mr. Earl Ferris. C. H. Barber of Cerro Gordo county: In behalf of North Cen- tral Iowa I would like to second the nomination of Mr. Ferris. He is a neighbor of mine, just the county below, and a man I know to be entirely fitted for this position. President Cameron : Are there any further nominations. If not, the nominations are closed. I will appoint as tellers Mr. Barber, Mr. Lynn, Mr. McBeath and Mr. Bacon. The secretary wnll call the roll. The result of the ballot was announced as follows: Reeves, 9; Campbell, 26; Ferris, 75. Mr. Reeves moved that the election be made unanimous. This motion was seconded and carried. Mr. Cameron then declared Mr. Earl Ferris elected director from the Third District. President Cameron : Nominations for director from the Fifth District are now in order. Logan B. Urice of Benton county: I wish to place in nomina- tion the best man in the state, from the best town in the state, in the best county in the state, Mr. Cyrus A. Tow, to succeed himself. Mr. Simmermaker of Cedar county seconded the nomination, and moved that the nominations be closed, the rules suspended and the PROCEEDINGS STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION 151 secretary instructed to cast the vote of the convention for Mr. Tow. The motion prevailed and the secretary announced that he so cast the entire vote of the convention for Mr. Tow, The president therefore declared Mr. Tow elected as director from the Fifth Dis- trict to succeed himself. President Cameron: The next will be the election of director from the Seventh District. R. J. Shanahan of Story county : I take pleasure in presenting the name of C. F. Curtiss of Ames, to succeed himself. President Cameron: Are there any other nominations. If not, the usual motion v/ill be in order. It was moved and seconded that the nominations close and that the secretary cast the vote of the con- vention for Mr. Curtiss. The motion prevailed and the secretary so cast the vote of the convention for Mr. Curtiss, and President Cam- eron declared Air. Curtiss elected director from the Seventh Dis- trict to succeed himself. Preisdent Cameron : The next will be the election of director from the Ninth District. C. H. Tribby of Henry County: I want to place in nomination a man who has been a successful farmer and fine stock breeder, Mr. George White of Malvern, Iowa. Nomination seconded by L. G. Stone of Page county. R. D. Hawks of Audubon county: Audubon county places in nomination Carl E. Hofifman of Cass county. M. E. Bacon of Scott county: I would like to second the nomi- nation of a man who has been secretary of one of the good, big, county fairs of the state of Iowa, a man who has been a successful business man. I want to second the nomination of Carl E. Hoffman. President Cameron: If there are no further nominations, the nominations will be closed. The same tellers will act as before. The secretary will call the roll. The result of the ballot was announced as follows : Hoffman, 70 ; White, 34. I\Ir. White moved that the rules be suspended and that the secretary be instructed to cast the entire vote of the con- vention for Mr. Hoffman, and he also extended Mr. Hoffman his congratulations. President Cameron : Mr. White moves that the election be declared unanimous. Those in favor of the motion signify by say- ing aye. Contrary no. 152 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART II The motion prevailed, and Mr. Cameron declared Mr. Hoffman unanimously elected director from the Ninth District. President Cameron: The next is the election of director from the Eleventh District. N. W. McBeath of Monona county : I would like to place in nom- ination for member of the Board from the Eleventh District, Mr. H. L. Pike of Monona county. The motion was seconded by Mr. Mullen, and Mr. McBeath then moved that the rules be suspended, the nominations closed, and the secretary instructed to cast the vote of the convention for Mr. Pike. Motion was seconded and prevailed, and the secretary announced that he had so cast the vote of the entire convention for Mr. Pike. President Cameron declared Mr. Pike elected director from the Eleventh District for the ensuing two years. President Cameron : Is there any unfinished business ? T. W. Purcell of Franklin county: If there is no other business I move we adjourn. Motion was seconded and carried. PART III Fourteenth Annual Convention of the Iowa Fair Managers' Association. The meeting was called to order at ten o'clock by President Carl E. Hoffman. The roll was called and the secretary in- structed to read the names of committee members. Secretary Bacon : The first committee is the Credentials Com- mittee: W. S. Weary, C. H. Tribby and H. S. Stanbery. Resolutions Committee: Chas. Barber, E. A. Giles and R. D. Hawks. President Hoffman : The next on the program is the secre- tary's report. The secretary read a brief report of the 1920 annual meeting which will be found in full in the 1920 Year Book of Agriculture. He also reported as follows on legislative work : "At this time I want to make a short report of the efforts of the Legis- lative Committee composed of Carl Hoffman, President; Ed. Estel, Vice President; Frank Gatch, Treasurer, and Pat Bacon, Secretary. We were assisted by Mose Stanbery and by the Executive Committee of the Iowa State Board of Agriculture, Charles Cameron, President, J. P. Mullen, Vice President, and A. R. Corey, Secretary, in their efforts in getting the State Aid increase from $1,500 to $2,000, an increase of $500. A more detailed report will be made later by E. S. Estel, Vice President. As the bill was first drafted a five thousand dollar limitation was first asked for, but it was impossible to get the bill through with that limitation. Your Committee then thought they could get the bill passed with a three thou- sand dollar limitation. "I want to state that Hoffman, Estel, Gatch and Stanbery deserve praise for getting this increase in State Aid. I have heard that it has been reported that by the State Board of Agriculture asking for an appropria- tion for the State Fair that they hurt the chances of the County and Dis- trict Fairs in getting the bill for increased State Aid passed. I want to state here that such is not the case and the Executive Officers of the State Board of Agriculture helped us get our bill passed and in no way did they hurt us. We need better harmony and co-operation between the members of the State Board of Agriculture and the fair secretaries of the County and District Fairs throughout Iowa. The State of Iowa has more County 154 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III and District Fairs than any other state in the United States. The Iowa State Fair is one of the leading and greatest State Fairs in the United States. At the meetings of the International and American Association of Fairs and Expositions Mr. Charles Cameron, President of the Iowa State Fair, is considered a big man in fair business. His friendship Is fostered and his advice and opinion is asked for by all fairmen. "Brother Secretaries, in summing the whole matter up, just stop to think that the following gentlemen were formerly Iowa county fair sec- retaries: Charles Cameron, President; J. P. Mullin, Vice President, and E. J. Curtin, Superintendent of Speed of the Iowa State Fair. I will say that is some representation from the County and District Fairs of Iowa on the State Board of Agriculture. "I would also recommend that this Association have a resolution drafted and have the same sent to the Chicago daily papers, and the Des Moines Register and Leader, and ask them to publish the race summaries of the Iowa Fairs. And after we have secured this co-operation from the papers please, Mr. Fair Secretary, co-operate with the papers and send them your race summaries. "In closing I would like to recommend that this Association again adopt a plan for the holding of a spring meeting. Arrange to hold said meeting at a central point, say here at Des Moines, and all try and attend this spring meeting." It was moved by Mr. White and carried that the report be adopted, received and filed. President Hoffman : Next on the program is the report of the Legislative Committee by Mr. E. S. Estel, of Waterloo. Mr. Estel: Mr. President, Fellow Secretaries and Guests: In making a report of the Committee it is quite necessary and essen- tial, I believe, to review a little history of how it came about that the Legislative Committee was appointed and assigned to these tasks. Mr. E. W. Williams of Manchester at the last meeting gave some very good reasons why the fairs of Iowa deserved and should have state aid. The idea grew with the district managers and the officers of your organ- ization and, just before the holidays, if my memory is correct, a meeting was called in this room for the purpose of considering a definite plan of campaign and to endeavor to increase the state aid for the fairs. At that meeting it was decided, after a great deal of discussion, that the fairs of Iowa should ask for state aid to the extent of eighty per cent of the first thousand given for premiums to agriculture and live stock at the various fairs, seventy per cent of the second thousand, sixty per cent of the third thousand and forty per cent of the remainder, with a maximum of five thousand to any one fair. I might say that that was a very beauti- ful dream, and those who were here returned and dreamed. We came later on to face a condition which Iowa has seldom had, a condition which made it almost impossible for the legislature to divide up the funds they PROCEEDINGS IOWA FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 155 had and to treat everyone as they asked to be treated. The Legislative Committee which consisted of Mr. Bacon, Mr. Hoffman, Mr. Gatch and myself had the very able assistance of Mr. Stanbery, who, we might say, is an old war horse in politics, and he helped us a great deal in securing the aid which we finally received. I also want to say, as Mr. Bacon did, that we had the most hearty co-operation of Mr. C. E. Cameron, President of the Iowa State Fair; Mr. Mullen, Vice President, and we had some very good advice from Mr. Corey. I believe, gentlemen, that if we had not conferred with these men who understand how to go after the legis- lature that our efforts would not have been rewarded as well as they were. It was finally decided to give it to Mr. Santee who did such excellent work for the fairs in previous years to secure state aid. Mr. Santee was very willing to accept the bill and I want to say that he did some hard earnest work on the bill. He was assisted by a number of men in the House that I want to especially mention. One of these, and among the first, is F. C. Sampson of Audubon. I also want to mention the good work of H. B. Moorhead of Scott County, of J. W. Hanna of Benton County, of J. H. McGhee of Cerro Gordo, of L. B. Forsling of Woodbury, F. C. Lake of Woodbury, and Clyde H. Doolittle of Delaware County. We went before a good many of the committees of the House. After having what we might say a difficult time in the various com- mittees of the House the bill was finally brought out on the floor and it was passed by the House after two months, providing, as Mr. Bacon said, an appropriation of a maximum of $2,000 per fair. Then came the task of putting it through the Senate. In choosing the man to handle the bill in the Senate we again were at our wits end to know just who to use. We finally decided that Ray P. Scott of Marshall county could handle the bill for us. Mr. H. C. White, B. M. Stoddard of Woodbury, E. M. Smith of Madison, Geo. S. Banta of Delaware, D. W. Kimberly of Scott, Henry C. Adams of Algona, and Mr. Holdoegel of Webster also gave valuable assistance in getting the bill through the Senate. We had the same task in the Senate that we had in the House and the bill was finally passed just a week or so before the adjournment of the legislature last spring. The bill has resulted in the ninety-two fairs of Iowa receiving an appro- priation of $157,690,90, compared to an appropriation of $113,013.24 last year, or an increase of $44,677.66. Now as to whether that is worth while or not and as to whether the fairs needed that money or not I just want to call your attention to the report of Mr. Corey in which he states that twenty-one fairs had overdrafts this year of $50,351.33. A great many fairs, the smaller ones, would have had an indebtedness on their hands had they not had the increased state aid which was given them. I notice from Mr. Corey's report also that the fairs are paying interest, and at six per cent I figure out they are paying $64,610 a year or $20,000 more than our increased amount of state aid. Some of you may ask, what else did the legislative committee do? Were there any bills that were of possible interest to the fairs that were not passed? The legislative committee considered it their duty and they con- sidered they had enough to do if they did it right, to put through the 156 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III increased state aid. They considered that more important than anything else. There was another bill introduced in the legislature, in the House, that provided for a different method of selecting members of the Board of Agriculture, State Board of Agriculture, than that by which they are selected at the present time. The committee did not take action on that bill because they were not directed to by this body. The bill did not pass. We thought that that bill was up to the individual members of the organ- ization. There was another bill known as the Aldrich bill which was introduced and that is all. It stopped. It is unnecessary to go into details in regard to that bill. In closing the remarks I have to make I want to say this, that I noticed a tendency among some of the members of the legislature to favor an appropriation which would go just far enough to give their fair all the aid that could be obtained. When we asked these gentlemen why they took that action, in some cases the reply came, "our fair would only get this amount, it does not interest us to any further extent and we will vote against it." I do believe, gentlemen, in all fairness to the larger fairs in this state that they should have had more assistance from the state than they have gotten. A district fair is nothing more than a broadening of the county fair and as such it is doing the same service, and if we have exhibits of live stock at our county fairs, and we have a district fair that they bring the best of these exhibits to, the county fair and the dis- trict fair encourage them in their resolution to go to the state fair, and we want to develop the whole thing for the good of Iowa. In conclusion I recommend to this body that their Resolutions Com- mittee draw up a resolution thanking these various men whom I have mentioned as members of the legislature and if you see fit send a copy of that resolution to every one of the men who gave such valuable assistance in increasing state aid this year. I thank you. President Hoffman : Gentlemen, you have heard the report of the Legislative Committee. Are there any questions? If not we will pass on to the queston box. The Secretary will explain this to you. Secretary Bacon : This is an educational meeting, and if you have any questions that are worrying you it would be a good thing for all of us if every representative or anybody interested in a fair to deposit a question in that box so we can use this as part of our time at the banquet this evening — something which we all have a chance to answer and have a chance to find out and bring it to the attention of these members. The meeting then adjourned until 1 :3>0 P. M. PROCEEDINGS IOWA FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 157 TUESDAY, DECEMBER 13, 1921, 1:30 P. M. President Hoffman : We will come to order. The first thing this afternoon will be an address, "Present Day Harness Racing," by W. H. Smollinger, Secretary American Trotting Association. PRESENT DAY HARNESS RACING By Mr. Smollinger. I am glad to be with you. Harness racing has since the fair started been a fixed factor and is so closely allied with the fairs that I hardly see how one could get along without the other. In the early days when fairs were few and far between and when the implement manufacturers were endeavoring to get their goods before the people they hit upon the lucky plan of buying a few harness horses and staging a race at the fairs. They would go from the Wisconsin State Fair to the Iowa State' Fair and down into Illinois with these horses. Later on they became so enamored with the sport that some of them became very prominent breeders. So that harness racing has been a part of the county fair and without the fairs harness racing would be sadly curtailed. As to the popularity of harness racing, there is nothing I can say that so eloquently emphasizes its popularity as the scene which you witness each day and late afternoon where the crowd turns and leaves all other exhibits and fills your grandstand. That is only second to the splendid feeling of the treasurer when the report is received of receipts from the grandstand and his bank roll changes from an anemic to a plethoric con- dition. So that harness racing is the foremost attraction of the county fair and has had as much to do with the building up of the agricultural and live stock interests of the country as any one thing. It is today and always has been used as the lure to bring the farmer inside of the gates to show him by ocular demonstration what it means to use pedigreed seeds and pedigreed live stock. When you talk about organized racing the American Trotting Associa- tion is the thing that first occurs in your mind; that is among the fairs and race tracks west of Pennsylvania. The American Trotting Associa- tion is your association and I wish to say I wish you would all take a little more interest in it. It is your organization and I do not know that any of you fully realize what you do and have done to keep harness racing going. The American Trotting Association is a voluntary associa- tion for the protection of its own members and for the keeping of records and to give aid and information to the people engaged in harness racing; There are filve such organizations, four other than the American. I am glad to say that the American is the largest and the strongest of all these organizations. Fully one-third of its membership is located in the states of Illinois, Iowa, and Wisconsin. Illinois leads with membership and Iowa and Wisconsin are about a tie. The work of the ofl^ce of the Ameri- can Trotting Association, about from seventy to eight per cent of the work of the office is the correspondence with the horsemen. The balance of it is with the associations. I want to impress on you that the wise 158 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III policies of your Board of Directors whom you select, have been largely and altogether responsible for the signal success of the American Trotting Association. When it was first organized there were three hundred meet- ing in all this country and Canada that were members of an organized institution. The next year after its organization the year book reported nearly twelve hundred organizations, race tracks and fairs that were members of organized racing. A great deal has been said about the scarcity of horses and what should be done to help the breeder and we see that constantly in the papers and often they find fault with these organizations and with the members thereof for not doing more and systematical breeding. If anybody has done anything to stimulate breeding and help the breeder it has been the county fair and particularly in the last few years as has become prevalent in Iowa, Illinois and Wisconsin, the material reduction of entry fees and the added money plan of racing, which is becoming more popular every day and securing a larger earning capacity for the harness horse. So far as the profits of the breeding are concerned we had a very good demon- stration of that during this recent deflation of prices. I think you will all agree with me that all classes of pedigreed stock were largely reduced in price. That has not been true of the harness horse. I saw yesterday a filly sell that I knew very well was sold two years ago for $200 when she was perfectly sound. She sold yesterday with blemishes on her for $550 and she has not got a standard record even now. There is nothing that can be so profitable at the present time to the farmers and the small breeders as to breed harness horses. It is true that among the harness horses there is a large percentage that are not capable of doing what we would like to see them do on the tracks. It is also trtie that the horses that are not capable of performing satisfactorily have an income earning capacity as general utility horses on the farm. There is no horse bred anywhere in this country or any other that can so successfully under present farm conditions serve the farmer as the harness horse. If it were possible — and I guess there are some gasoline cultivators, and we will put them in a class with the heavy horses, — the difference between the num- ber of hills of corn that the gasoline cultivator or large footed heavy horse will break down at the end of the row when turning him around would feed every farm horse in America. Gentlemen, I thank you. President Hoffman: The discussion will be led by Mr. E. J, Curtain. Mr. Curtain: Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen: There was not much of anything to discuss in that, he stated facts. We all agree, I guess ; most everybody at least does. We, here in Iowa, belong to the American Trotting Associa- tion, all our associations do, and we should. Two or three years ago under the conditions that existed the fairs were not paying enough for their racing to enable them to get horses to race. That caused the formation of an organization among the horse PROCEEDINGS IOWA FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 159 owners called the Harness Horse Association, and that associa- tion is now quite strong; in fact, there was a meeting in Chicago yesterday of that association at which four or five hundred men attended. That association is working hand in glove with the American Trotting Association and trying to improve racing conditions. In the first place every track should be a member of the parent association, and that association of course is the American. There are several other things that the Harness Horse Association is trying to do. They are trying to get every owner of that association to race honestly, to not drop heats and not try to avoid records and all that. And they are succeeding admirably. I believe in Iowa you will all agree with me there was more honest racing and less suppression of time than any year since trotting has been organized. Now we w^ant to try to make 1922 a little better than that. The thing we gentlemen of the fairs have to see to is that we put better judges in the judge^' stand. I don't believe we try hard enough to pick out men that know something about racing. The average judge in the average stand at the county fair is not a competent judge. But he is possibly a brother secretary from the next county seat fair or possibly a man that twenty years ago owned a race horse and is not familiar with the rules ; he is not familiar with present day conditions. He is an honest man, a good man, but it is a good deal like the average fair secretary being elected president, if the town is large enough, of the lawyers' club of his town, he would not make a very good president to decide disputes among law- yers. The same thing figures out at the race track. A lawyer may be a very good lawyer, but he don't know anything about judging a horse race. Try to get men in the stand that know what they are doing; not that they w^ant to do right, but get men in there that do right because they know how to do right. Then you are stopping troubles and would have fewer cases com- ing up before the board in the way of suppression of time. The average horse owner is being educated now to not ask for it. I will admit a good many of them still want it, but if you have the right kind of judges in the stand they will not allow it, your racing will be clean and snappy, and we all know that without racing the county fair is not a success. People want education. The average attendant of the county fair is supposed to be there for education. But if you don't at the same time you give your education give a little racing and attractions and that kind of 160 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III stuff you do not get very much education in the man. He gets education but he is attracted by the attractions, and I consider, and I guess we most all of us do, that one foremost attraction is the races at the county fair. That is all I can say in the discus- sion of Mr. Smollinger's article because he stated facts. Mr. Young: Just one question about judges, who would you suggest to put in there, what class of men? Mr. Curtain : I would select men that own horses that are not racing if I could not get anybody else. My idea would be that you should send and get somebody that does know, that makes a business of judging rases. That would be the ideal. At Des Moines at the state fair we handle it in that way. We have only one judge. We have a man, however, that is an ex- pert, we pay him for it, and the result is we have very little trou- ble. Where you have judges that do not understand it they may make a ruling entirely wrong which they think is all right. My thought is to have one single judge and pay him for his work. I believe only one poor judge is better than three poor judges because he is standing out there in the lime light and he cannot divide the responsibility with two other fellows. President Hofifman : The discussion will be continued by Mr. George White of Malvern. Mr. White : It is a little bit embarrassing for me to get up following the two men who have just spoken on this subject. I think these gentlemen have covered the ground very thor- oughly. Mr. Smollinger spoke about the price of harness horses staying up and the other pure bred stuff decreasing. I guess we can all very plainly see why that is. Everybody else has been breeding pure-bred hogs and cattle, of draft horses there is not much breeding, and a horse that was not good for a race horse wasn't worth much for anything. Consequently fairs haven't had good horses. Horses got very scarce, that is the reason prices keep up ; nobody breeding them to speak of. The early fairs at the races might have a good supply of horses, but after the mid- dle of August you have got to go begging to get horses enough to put on the program. We are all fair managers, all like to see sport, and my suggestion .vould be in each community where you have got a fair get a few of your members to go out and pick up a g^ood brood mare and get somebody to get a stallion somewhere PROCEEDINGS IOWA FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 161 ill the locality and they might possibly have a race horse once in a while, but bye and bye as it is nobody will have any horses. President Holtman : Next on the program is "Novelty and Xew Features for Fairs," by Louis Latta of Indianola. Mr. Latta: The subject of my few words this afternoon is in regard to the home talent circus that we put on at the Indianola county fair. This circus was organized by myself under the rules and regulations of the fair board with a hope of putting on something that would entertain and draw a crowd of people to our fair and also make up for the money we had lost the previous year. We had been rained out, we had no money to do anything with. Several years ago I put on a small town circus of home talent at the little town of Glidden, Iowa. We had nothing but two or three clowns, a couple of horses, an animal or two, home talent, and the outcome was we had such a large crowd we could not take care of them, and our circus only amounted to about twenty minutes, we were just part of another program, but it was a big hit. So this last year I put the proposition up to our board, and they thought if we could put it on inside of so much money we could go ahead and organize it. Of course we were all after results — we wanted to make money. We advertised in the home papers we wanted talent, which we got. We got abundance of talent, we got too much. We picked the best that came to us. We put on an entertainment lasting two evenings which took in about $1,900. The last night it rained or I think we would have taken in more than a thousand dollars more. The circus itself was two rings with a stage in between the same as you see in our big circuses, as I said before of home talent and organized the same way. We first had a manager; we had our property boss, our boss hostler, our costume and wardrobe boss, ring manager, stage manager, electrician, every part of the circus was organized under one department. Each one was subject to me. We had a parade that consisted of seven animal wagons each drawn by four or more horses, in which were the boys and girls and different ones in these costumes representing different animals. Our girl bareback riders were girls 14, 15 and 16 years old. One girl particularly had never been to a circus in her life. She started in rehearsals about the first of June, and I can leave it to people who witnessed the show that on the 17tli of August, that night this girl actually turned back somersaults upon one of our own horses backs. Just such things as that talent can be worked up. The idea of this circus, or it does not need to be a circus, to my mind, is to create something new to draw your crowds. All of you gentlemen won't haVe in your home territory the amount of talent we happen to have at Indianola. We have a large school there, Simpson College, in which they have been teaching music for a great many years and nearly all the town people had children going to this school for musical training. We picked a chorus of forty girls, each and every one of them good looking, all could sing and all could dance. We gave this musical review. It was one of the big particular features of the circus. The reason we ran the musical review was this, I believe that at the night show county fairs, if you will get clear away from your afternoon performance and put on n 162 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III something, it does not need to be home talent, but if you put on something, home talent amusement show, minstrel show or play, musical comedy or vaudeville acts in which the whole community is interested. When you get 100 to 150 people in a circus you are playing to an audience right there of a thousand people, they all have parents and all have relatives that want to see these different ones in the show, so naturally you are getting quite a start on business. One other point I was asked to bring up here this afternoon, that was in regard to the afternoon performance. So many people get tired before the afternoon performance is over. That is one reason why the night per- formance of the county fair don't make money. They get tired in the afternoon at the races and afternoon performance, too many free acts, lasts until six or half past in the evening and by that time they want to get away, want to go home. My suggestion is to everybody in the after- noon put on all the races you want to and give them a number of free acts but make them snappy. Give them a lot of pep and when they go home when they are through at four or half past or five o'clock they are not tired; they have time to walk around and see some of the other shows and take an interest in the fair ground itself and visit with their neighbors and loaf around, have their supper or their box lunch. By that time they are ready to stay for the evening show and they want to take it in. One of the big features we have at Warren county and have had for several years has been an opening day parade, it is called, or merchants' parade. This parade consists of floats, all kinds of automobiles, wagons, different things fixed up representing each merchant. It has been a big drawing card to the fair on the first day. This parade generally takes place about one o'clock and we have the band and the music goes with it, parade out to the fair ground from town. That is another added feature we have always had. I wish to say one of the sad mistakes we made this year which we felt in our pocketbook afterwards was the fact we gave too many compli- mentary tickets. Too many children could not come, could not be in the show unless they were chaperoned; could not be with us because the father was afraid to have them out there at the fair ground at night unless he was there, he had to have a ticket so he could come to take his boy or girl home. Another year we are going to say that is a very good idea and we would like to sell you a ticket for him. Gentlemen, I haven't very much else to offer to you, except this, if any of you should desire to put on a home talent burlesque circus in your community I would be most glad to offer you aid insofar as any informa- tion that I can and be glad to help you in any way. This is just some features, we like to pass them one to the other. This circus cost us about $1,500 to put on. I thank you. President Hoffman: The disctission will be led by J. Fred Henry, Secretary of the A\^arren Cotinty Fair, Indianola. PROCEEDINGS IOWA FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 163 ]\Ir. Henry: Mr. President and Gentlemen: I don't know very much about any fairs except our own fair, the AVarren County Fair. I have been secretary of it three years ; I was out three years, now I am in again. AVe have nearly always man- aged to have a little balance ; this year have a little loss, lost some but we are going to try to make it as quick as we can with these dififerent things we are putting on. This year we had no harness races, not because we don't like harness races l3Ut because it was hard to get horses, as this gentleman said. In the place of that we had races of nearly every other kind, foot races and horse races and different kinds of races and in the afternoon had a pageant of early Warren county. It was a little thing but brought lots of people to our fair. Four hundred children from all over the county in this pageant of school age, and it brought lots of people to our fair. We had another race that created quite a good deal of excitement. That was of a horse and Ford touring car. The only way I can convince you is to try it, a standing start ; a good horse will beat the car in a standing start. It was hard to make me believe that, but they did it, on a half mile track. Mr. Latta told you about his circus. It w^as a scream from start to finish. He told what we took in with it; we would have taken in another thousand dollars but for the rain. He didn't say anything about the real animals we had. We had a real hecW and real mule, and about twenty to twenty-five clowns. You know we are pretty close to Des Moines, Ave have pretty stiff competition. I think they go to that fair, the boys down there never miss any state fairs, at least I don't. And for afternoon attractions, as Mr. Latta said, it must be different from the eve- ning attractions to get crowds. Fireworks, we have tried that a time or two but fireworks are too expensive for us. W& never can get fire works to pay. This year we had no free attraction except aeroplane. I thank you. President Hoffman : The next is an address, "Boys' and Girls' Club Work," by Frank P. Reed, Assistant State Club Leader, Ames. Mr. Reed : I think in this discussion or talk it might be better to include more than just the pig club exhibits, and for that reason the discussion will have to do with the carrying out of 164 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III the pig club work not only in the county fairs, but I shall deal more in general terms, more in terms of general club subjects. Significant changes are rapidly being made in keeping abreast with changing industrial and agricultural conditions. No greater change has been made than that this convention should program that a part of its time in this busy day's meeting should be given over to the Boys' and Girls' Club Work. Last year you listened to that excellent address of Mr. Clark of Mar- shalltown on Baby Beef Clubs, in which he said that the greatest educa- tional exhibit at the county fair was the beef exhibit. Mr. Taff of Ames two years ago addressed you upon this subject and gave to you the three real purposes of club work which I think are worth repeating at this time. 1st. The doing of something worth while, by way of illustration: A boy in the corn, calf or sheep club will study the best methods of doing the work according to the most approved practices and keep a record of the work done and results achieved, 2nd. He will demonstrate to the community the thing he is doing. 3rd. The socialization part of the work. A club is organized into a working group with officers from the mem- bership in charge. A yearly program is outlined with timely topics rela- tive to the work discussed. Each meeting is divided into 1st. Business session. 2nd. Demonstration features. 3rd. Recreation. The second phase of this work is the one in which the fairs and exposi- tions may render a special service, in giving opportunity for the boys and girls to exhibit their products which are a result of the club work. This gives a chance to compare their finished product with the products of the best agriculturists of the county. The appropriations for the junior club work at the Iowa State Fair has grown from less than one thousand dollars distributed in 1917 under three lines of work to a premium list in 1921 of over eight thousand three hun- dred dollars distributed under seventeen lines of work with a superin- tendent in charge of each of the various lines of work. In 1917 six club teams staged cold pack canning demonstrations in fruits and vegetables. In 1921 seventy-seven different county champion teams demonstrated ten different lines of work. These demonstrations ranged from the making of attractive collars and cuffs to the selection of the type of a calf that will make a good beef animal. Two state champion demonstration teams were selected to represent Iowa at the Interstate Fair at Sioux City. Two thousand one hundred and ninety-six entries were made at the Iowa State Fair in addition to the Home Economics work where the ex- hibits were entered by counties. Nine hundred and fifty-two boys and girls exhibited. Four hundred and ninety-three received prize awards. PROCEEDINGS IOWA FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 165 Another interesting feature of the work is the judging contest where thirty-one different county champion teams competed in judging live stocl<; and corn in 1921. At i:he Mississippi Valley Fair at Davenport every boy and girl who had been in the calf or pig club and exhibited his calf or pig was housed and fed at the expense of the fair association. At the close of the contest 16,845 pounds of beef were sold at auction at an average price of $12.65 per cwt. These calves were bought by different meat markets from nine different towns in Scott county. The Interstate Fair at Sioux City is featuring both club exhibits and demonstrations. They program a club contest in both exhibits and demon- strations, paying the expense of two demonstration teams from each of the twelve mid-western states. These teams are the guests of the Inter- state Fair during the week. One hundred and seventy-eight purebred swine were exhibited at the Rockwell City Fair by the boys and girls in the pig club work. A judging contest was held where the prize awarded was a pure-bred gilt. Over fifty gilts were distributed, one of the conditions of the award being that the club member is to raise a litter of purebred pigs and to exhibit them at the fair in 1922. The Adams County Fair offered special premiums to teams staging poultry demonstrations. Many county and district fairs pay the expenses of the champion team to the State Fair or to the Annual Short Course at Ames. One of the greatest educational features of any fair for the improve- ment of live stock and farm practices is in giving opportunity to the boys and girls to display the finished products from their club work, where under guidance they have used their own initiative and followed the most approved practices in how "To Make the Best Better." I was at the deliberations of a club meeting down in Adams county this last summer where there were nine boys out of eleven in the club meeting in the afternoon, each one having ridden a pony in to that meeting. The president was presiding and I suddenly got an inspiration to talk about something that was not on the program. Just a farm boy, who never at- tended high school, was presiding, and when I had finished about the first sentence I turned and I saw he wanted to say something, and he said, "Now, Mr. Reed, if you will just wait, after this business session is over we shall be glad to hear what you have to say." I don't believe the chair- man here could courteously call a man to order any more than that boy sixteen years old had who had never been anywhere else but country school. In talking with his mother afterwards she said at one meeting when there were two or three matters to present a man had about killed the business session by talking too much and she said "he and I had a conversation over what he ought to do, and he had outlined the procedure which he took to call me to order, and believe me I was good thereafter. The social side it seems to me is one side we want to emphasize from the standpoint of the club. 166 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III You as members of the Fair Managers of the state are specially inter- ested in the second feature, the demonstration feature. One of the things to emphasize is that the boy demonstrate not only in his own community but in the county fair the work he has done. If live stock work exhibit live stock, if corn, corn. If girl's work, if garments, exhibit garments, canning, food, whatever it may be. Get them to compete for prizes. I have been convinced the last two or three years it is not necessarily the amount of the prizes given to get them to compete. As an illustration of that three years ago at Sioux City, I think three, possibly four, a boy had won $25.00, won first in the baby beef exhibit. He had won $15 in the open class, making $40, and sold the calf at auction. I think the calf brought twenty-three and a half cents a pound, that is when they were getting good prices. The next morning after that sale as he went down to the stock yards and turned over that calf to the packing firm that purchased it, he came back carrying the halter up to the exchange building where he had received his money for the purchase of the calf, and made this significant remark; going along with his head down, I presume he had been thinking of the time when he got home. He said, "You know I would rather have a ribbon that I won that first prize than the whole $40 I got." In other words the fair hadn't provided a ribbon for that boy to take home with him. The significant thing was one of our club leaders at that time believed in big prizes. Then this boy said, "Do you know, when I get home I will have picked up two hundred and some dollars for that calf, and I will have that premium money, but that won't stand out and tell the boys in our community that I actually won first place down there at the fair." In other words a ten dollar bill just looks like any oth^r ten dollar bill, but a show ribbon stood for the thing he had in mind as show- ing these boys he really had achieved something. Mr. E. N. Hopkins: I want to announce to the Secretaries here, that ninety-two of these Iowa champions, boys and girls, went to Chicago and made up a delegaton of 550 champions from twenty-six states and did some fine demonstration work in Chicago. It was a wonderful trip and many of your associations paid the expenses of these winners from some of the counties. I merely want to suggest that you give the boys' and girls' club work at the various fairs a chance and they will help you out, as many of you know. President Hoffman: This discussion will 1)e led by Mr. Andrew Ste\vart, President of the Rockwell City Fair. Andrew Stewart: Our Secretary, Mr. Bacon, has asked me to explain the plan of conducting what he has kindly termed a successful pig club. In the spring of 1920 the fair board decided it would like to put on a pure-bred gilt club similar to the Blackhawk County plan, provided it could raise the money to buy the gilts. The Rockwell City Fair was organized in 1905 with little funds, and has been like the Irishman with his twins on his knees when asked wliat he was doing, replied, "Shure, I'm holding me own." PROCEEDINGS IOWA FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 167 We happened to have a pure-bred hog breeder and also a banker on our fair board. The one said he would donate a gilt, the other the cash to buy one. From that start after talking the matter over with the county agent we decided to call on the pure-bred hog breeders of the county and ask their co-operation. The county agent and one of our directors visited thirty-three hog breeders of the county and thirty-two of them gave gilts, only one refusing. One young breeder said, "I think it's about time you were getting to me. I want in on this." We did not ask the breeders to give their gilts. We sold them adver- tising. The breeder's name and address, also the fact that he had do- nated a gilt appeared in the County Farm Bureau paper with a circula- tion of 1,500 copies, also in ten county newspapers who were glad to re- ceive anything of this nature as news. Fifteen hunxired premium lists were issued in which the same statement appeared. At the. fair, a card was placd above each pen giving the breeder's name and address. The fair management decided to place two gilts in each of the sixteen townships. The 32 gilts were delivered at the fair August 2d, 1920. We held a judging contest by townships. The boy or girl having the highest standing in their township got first choice, the next highest second choice. There were 42 boys and 4 girls entered in the contest. Three of the girls won pigs. The boy or girl signed a contract to care for and breed the gilt to a good boar of the same breeding and return two pigs to the fair association the next year. The sow and balance of the litter then became the property of the boy or girl. This year 26 sows and their litters were brought back, six of the sows failing to breed satisfactorily. We had 59 boys and girls in the judging contest this year. We put out our 52 gilts in the same manner as last year. The Rockwell City Fair now owns 58 purebred gilts and next year will have at least one hundred. The Fair Board considered our pig club the best feature we have had the past two years. Our county agent has taken full charge of the club, and his assistant, Mr. Jones, who has had charge of all club work in our county for the last two years, told me that the fair's pig club amounted to more than all the rest of the clubs in the county. We have been accused by one authority of taking advantage of the boys and girls. He stated that for the investment of one pig the boy or girl must give us two. We contend that the boy or girl invests nothing but their feed and care. For example, one boy, Lester Michaels, received a gilt at our fair in 1920. In 1921 he brought her back with a litter of eight. He received $22.00 in premiums, and after leaving two pigs with the Fair Association, he sold the six remaining pigs for $176.50. Later he sold the sow with a litter of eight September pigs for $75.00. This makes a total of $273.50 for his investment of feed and care during fourteen months. Another boy won $49.00 in premiums; $36.50 in the open classes. One boy had bad luck. His sow proved barren, and he sold her for $35.00. We settled with him for one gilt which cost him $20.00. This gave the boy $15.00 for his feed. This lad entered the contest again this year and won a gilt. 168 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III The main object of the Fair Association in organizing tliis club was to create a greater interest in pure-bred live stock among the boys and girls as well as among the older breeders and farmers. The interest that the patrons of the fair showed in our exhibit and judging contest proved that we had accomplished our purpose. We have been told that you cannot get something for nothing, but this plan seems to come as near it as anything we have heard of. The breeder received advertising, the boy received a sow and litter, and the fair re- ceived two pigs. President Hoffman: Next on the program is a paper, "Ladies' and Girls' Department Work at County and District Fairs," by Miss Rttth English, County Home Demonstration Agent, Spencer, Iowa. Miss Ruth English: I imagine you men are interested vitally now in the question of pushing your fair for the next year so it is going to be the best, perhaps the most successful fair you have ever had, and I want to try to convince you in a few minutes this afternoon that you must not forget the girls and women. The women are functioning in most every line of work, so they are interested in the fairs, too. I want to say some- thing about girls' club work. The first thing it is necessary to have a good leader, because you men are all busy I imagine, just the same as the women tell me they are, you want to shove the responsibility on to some- body else. The best leaders are the ones that can get suitable leaders into organization work, do these things in detail and take the responsibility from you. So you want to try to find somebody who is very capable and very sensible who can get along with people well, shoulder the responsi- bility of the girls' leader, so really you don't have to make a demonstra- tion. The tendency is to shift this responsibility on to one person in each township if you can get things worked out that way. Of course that is a little ideal, but you can have two or three in your county to take the responsibility from you, and begin early enough so they can have things well rounded up by the time your fair is held. You must have an object and all work to the object of the girls' work; we must have interest taken in these things, an interest of the parents. If we can interest these parents in the Girls' Club work it is going to draw a different type of people to your fair. I found out that this year a good many people came for the women's part of the fair that would not otherwise, and you are going to have the same thing. If we can get this club work of the girls started then their parents are going to follow them right in to see how their youngsters are doing, how they compare with the neighbors' children. Then it gives a wonderful opportunity for an inspection of their work that they have carried on through the year. I think any county that has a fair should honor that fair and should really feel as if it was their fair and that it was held for their benefit. The rural people will feel as though they had a chance to enter into competi- tion with the town people as the town people have, therefore you can interest more of the rural people. PROCEEDINGS IOWA FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 169 We have got a lot of people in this county in the rural district if you can make them feel they can leave their .work not only one afternoon but every afternoon the fair is held, then your gate receipts are going to look lots better than if everyone has stayed home with washing, baking, iron- ing, scrubbing and all other things women have to do. The possibilities of the girls' club work as proposed should mean a demonstration. You could arrange with the leaders to get the best demonstration teams in j^our county to demonstrate at the fair. If these little girls ten to eighteen could show some of these grey headed women how to do things correctly they would be more eager to push the work. Perhaps if they showed people how to do things, they demonstrated things we will have more people eager to come for that purpose. Then the exhibits in that, we want to try to maintain and establish higher standards because you know yourself at your own fairs you have seen lots of things you didn't think very much of; they don't really come up to standard. So we must estab- lish these standards and the exhibits could be much more attractive. Then the schools, I think that is an excellent idea, if you can get the county school authorities to co-operate with you, let the youngsters give a school day, and you have them and their parents with them that day, and have them get in on the program, have their plays and songs and entertainment they can put on would appeal to all these people, and the parents of these children on the program Avould want to come in to see what their children were doing. Where no organization is present in your county to have one of these leaders you might say or an organization to take the responsibility perhaps you could use the city leader of boys' and girls' clubs or some extension department. Your county pays their salary the same as some of the others do, and somebody could be with you at the time of your fair to help with the work and it would be very worth while. In the women's work in the county fair, the aim should be to establish and maintain higher standards in all of the work and then we must en- courage the spirit of competition. Some of you men know right now what I am thinking, but you think you know women and you think they can't be pleased, if they don't get the prize they are through with the fair; you know a lot of women are that way. We have to educate them up different in your county newspaper columns and annual premium list to have the correct spirit of competition. If they don't get the prize one year don't have them turn away from the fair next year, but have them come back stronger than ever next year, perhaps they may find out why t.hey failed in the first case. The matter of the premium list is an important one. Several things must be considered in the matter of premium lists. You know after all — I was glad to hear Mr. Reed bring out that thought— it is not really so much the money that these people get as the ribbons. I went out in the country in one of the rural homes in my county and I noticed the wall, there was almost a string of blue ribbons clear around it, and I went clear around the room with this girl and she told me what she got this one on and what that one and all the others. She cared lots more for those than the real money prize. If you can get by with giving just a 170 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III little prize money and be sure that they get a blue, red or yellow ribbon, whatever you happen to select in the color line, they will be very well satisfied. This premium list must be made out carefully. The list that I looked at should be revised. Sometimes you know we pretend to please you men. You men are not capable of fixing up this premium list. You think you may be, but you are not. Not any more than I would be to judge stock and poultry. I don't know very much about that. You don't know very much about a premium list for women's work. We want to have that definitely classified. You insist on having your premium list definitely classified and you are going to save a lot of trouble at the end because you are going to know whether or not this one article is suitable for this class or not suitable for it. It is going to help the judges a lot when they come to judging. I can speak from experience on that point. Classify them carefully and you should have your classes definitely defined and there will be no falling down. The reason you fall down is this, you have somebody entering an article she thinks capable of taking a prize, she enters it and you haven't any class made for it to put it in this class or put it in the other class, and then when the judge comes to judging it is almost impossible to do justice to the exhibit because you have articles checked in that don't belong there. Then you must have a capable lady to enter these things. She must know what is not fit to be entered but at the same time not cause any trouble, and yet your standards will be raised — you can't make them mad because they won't come back but we have to sort of just pat them the right way. The "other than named" that is a class, — I remember I judged once, I had everything in it from a collar and cuff set to a dress and from a baby's cap to a bed quilt. If you can see any points of similarity to judge on you can do better than I do, I could not; it is just by guess and by gosh and mostly by gosh. Another thing, you want to be careful that you stand pat in all your decisions. If you go to work and work out these things stay by it. If you don't it is all going to be work lost when you come right down to the end of the fair if they are going to do things other than you had planned. Having made out this list carefully defined make it stand until the fair is over and there won't be any trouble. About judging, lots of people think in the ladies' work you should have two judges work together. That is a matter of personal opinion, however. One competent person can do it very nicely. I think in your premium lists if you describe the articles, the different names in describing these different things, it is going to help the fair. They know the material then and they are going to bring it in, just the same as they do with the cattle and horses. Women work right along with the men on the same basis and all for the same purpose of raising the standards in their work. Then the educational work is a very important thing. You are never too old to learn. That is the spirit women have, I don't know whether men have the same spirit or not, and if we can just do some educational work along with the fair maybe somebody else's husband who wants to go to the horse races and the wife would not think of going, she will go and spend her time with the exhibits and perhaps the educational work and different attractions will do so well they will come back the second day. PROCEEDINGS IOWA FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 171 perhaps the race wasn't finished the first day, and if you had a demon- stration of food advance work the second day friend wife will come along too. In that respect you could use the state extension department, you could furnish a tent for them and the department would furnish the rest of the food demonstration or any line of work that perhaps the committee from your county would select for that time. The usual course we give at the fair we have two thousand people in the four days, remaining through the entire demonstration, and that really means that the type of people you want to be interested in your fair because they are going to br.ck you in your fair work. There is nothing that takes the place of the women's work in a fair because to make a fair function as it should it has to entertain and amuse and educate the entire family; the boys' and girls' work and women's work along with the men's work makes a fine combination, and don't forget the women and girls either. There is nothing in a locality or county that takes the place of the fair work and you should start right now to think about the women's part and ask them to do these things for your fair. I am sure you don't need to worry about this next year's fair if you do these things. The farmers' wives will commence to save egg money right now so they can pay the family's admission into your fair. President Hofifman : AVe are greatl}^ indebted to Miss English for talking to us on this subject. Has anyone any questions? President Hoffman : "Rain Insurance for County and Dis- trict Fairs," by Mr. O. J. Davis, of the Home Insurance Com- pany of New York. Mr. Davis: I count it a great honor as well as a great pleasure to have this opportunity of speaking before this body of men on the subject of Rain Insurance, and thank you very much for the invitation. In so far as Rain Insurance is concerned, judging from our company's experience this year, we would advise all companies desiring to accum- ulate great wealth to refrain from writing this class, as while we have taken in $16,525.00 in premiums paid, our losses were $37,075.00, or about 230 per cent. However this year's rainfall was rather abnormal as com- pared with the average rainfall in this state. The object of rain insurance is to indemnify against loss of expenses or profits, or both expenses and profits occasioned by rainfall, of any event whose success is wholly or in part dependent upon fair weather. That is, the items which we insure are the expenses or profits, or both expenses and profits of such indoor or outdoor events as baseball, tennis, golf, foot- ball, track meets, boxing matches, horse races, motorcycle and automobile races, fairs, carnivals, concerts, dances, outdoor theatricals, pageants, fetes, garden parties, auction sales of real estate and cattle, amusement parks, concessions and parades. This list will give a fair idea of the scope of the coverage of rain insurance. The usual method is to insure against loss caused by one-tenth or two- tenths inches of rain during certain stipulated hours, 24, 12, 6 or 4 hours, according to the exigencies of that particular event. 172 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III Ordinarily rainfall of less than one-tenth inch is not considered as capable of causing much loss or preventing any event or the attendance thereof. Where a very small amount of rainfall will do damage we are still able to furnish indemnity under a special form. Where an event will be postponed or abandoned by reason of rainfall it is possible to secure an abandonment form which nominates only that the event be abandoned on account of rainfall, or a certain amount of rainfall. Rain is measured by the United States Weather Bureau, in inches or decimal fractions of an inch, and is usually recorded by the hour. The smallest measure is one-one hundredth of an inch, less than that amount is recorded as a "trace." Government records are final as to the time and the amount of rain. If the event takes place at some distance from a government weather bureau special arrangements may be made with a co-operative weather bureau observer to gauge the rainfall. Should this be impracticable a non-partisan observer may be engaged, and where none of these can be arranged for we have made a practice of taking the affi- davit of two or three absolutely disinterested, responsible parties as to the hour and amount of rainfall. Rainfall coverage is an exact contract in which the conditions of liabil- ity are well defined. Should it rain the required amount at the time and place named the liability is clear. Should the rainfall be less than the required amount, or at other hours than those specified in the policy no liability attaches to the company. Rain insurance is a comparatively new business and is flexible, and wherever there is a practical demand, we can devise a practical means to meet it. These forms may be written specific for one event, or specific for a series of days, or all the days in a schedule may be written blanket. Rain insurance is a special and limited time contract, and the premium must be paid at least seven days in advance of the event, and the contract is not subject to cancellation. The reason for this is obvious. While the neighbors of the Weather Man comment on the fact that when the weather prediction is fair, that gentleman is known to go forth for his daily duties with his umbrella under his arm and wearing his goloshes, yet it is an established fact that the Weather Bureau is right eighty-five times out of one hundred. Knowing that the weather can be predicted with that accuracy from twenty-four to forty-eight hours in advance, jus- tice is apparent in the following position: It is neither fair for the com- pany to take premium when it knows that it will not rain on the following day; neither is it fair for the assured to obtain insurance when he knows that it will rain on the next day. The term Rainfall as used in our policies shall be understood to include snow, sleet or hail and such precipitation shall be measured as rainfall in accordance with the method pursued by the United States Weather Bureau. For instance, according to the United States Weather Bureau, it takes one inch of snow to each one-tenth inch of rainfall. Rates are based on the average number of days of rainfall for each month in each county. As an explanation of the rates applying in different PROCEEDINGS IOWA FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 173 localities, it will be interesting to note the difference in the number of average days of rainfall in the counties of Benton and Scott since the weather bureaus were established. Benton County Scott County December 5 9 January 6 10 February 7 9 March 8 10 April 9 10 May 11 12 June 8 12 July 7 8 August 7 9 September 7 9 October 6 8 November 6 8 Our experience with this kind of insurance, though rather discouraging this year, has made us a host of friends, and we are optimistic as expressed by the poet who wrote, "Hope springs eternal in the human breast; man never is, but always to be blest." So we are going to try it out next year and see if we can be better guessers. President Hoffman : We have another paper on the same sub- ject by Mr. W. J. Hatcher, of the Hartford Insurance Company, of Hartford, Conn. Mr. Hatcher: In England for many years back, we are informed, certain Lloyds have sold this form of protection which latterly showed some ten- dency to depart from legitimate insurable interest and become of a more speculative nature — a mere bet against rain without tangible interest. It was not until 1919 however that the Hartford Fire Insurance Company saw that the demand for protection against the element rain had reached such proportions that something must be done to adequately provide for it. After months of investigation it began selling its policies in 1920 and is now protecting more business and events against rain in this country than any other company. Our policies, as are those of all other companies writing rain insurance, are based on rainfall experience at the place where each event is insured — and predicated on data compiled for many years by various agencies of the United States Weather Bureau. In other words, in attempting to under- write the rainfall hazard we are dealing with averages similarly to all other branches of insurance in which for each class a certain probability or loss expectancy is known. In rain insurance, however, there Is liable to be greater variation of risk from year to year than in any other known line — at least that is true in a majority of places. On this account in order to operate without serious loss it is essential that we secure a wide distribution of liability. We were not able to realize this distribution this year, but the ever in- creasing demand for rain insurance indicates we will not only soon reach 174 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III it but will in fact, unless many other companies enter this business, be obliged to consider curtailment of liability. As a matter of fact we did shut down on acceptances this year on such days as July 4th and Labor Day. Time and experience have brought out for development a wide range of insurable interests — interests susceptible to loss by rainfall and we have been trying to solve the needs of those interests to not only provide suita- ble protection but to properly conserve our own interests at the same time. Besides county and district fairs we have figured on and insured expo- sitions, in and out of door entertainments, baseball, football, lawn tennis and field meets; races and contests of all kinds in fact; refreshment and amusement propositions of all kinds, both within and out-of-doors. Even a ladies ice cream lawn fete and a wedding! We have insured events hav- ing a direct and tangible income and those from which the income was in- direct— wherever, in fact, an insurable interest against rain could be shown. We are figuring on building operations, highway and otherwise; also on truck merchandise deliveries affected by road conditions. There seems to be as much room for the development of insurable in- terest against rain as against fire and windstorm within the limits of dis- ablement or curtailment of business, not property damage — but, please mark this, our operations are confined to legitimate insurable interest. A question was asked regarding what as to rainfall outside of the city in which the CYent is held, how wide a territory is covered ? Mr. Hatcher : We have gone out for a distance for additional rate charges, providing against cumulative rain readings. Take it here in Des Moines we might take on a policy providing one or two other gauges, but charge you more rate on account of assuming rainfall at these different stations. Mr. Stanbery : I don't know w^hether you men have all got this report of Mr. Corey, but it occurs to me in this report it is summarized better than I could possibly give it to you, or any other individual. President Hofifman : Are there any more remarks on this sub- ject? If not we will go on with the program. Budget system for County and District Fairs, by Mr. J. P. jMullen, Vice Presi- dent, Iowa State Fair. Mr. Mullen: In giving my views on this important topic I am not un- aware that the advocates of the Budget System or other similar measures that tend to lessen extravagance and lavish expenditures when out of harmony with the paying power of the producer and consumer, will always come in for attention and criticism from various interests as being too conservative. But there are times when both progressive and conservative can lay valid claims to wisdom. But considering present conditions I am PROCEEDINGS IOWA FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 175 not unfriendly to reasonable conservatism in monetary' expenditures when not absolutely necessary. As a basis for this opinion I will linger a while in the examination of the merits of the Budget System as a general propo- sition and its effects on the finances of the country through governmental legislation. The method of raising revenues to meet government expenses has on many ocassions furnished us with national party issues. So the expenditures of this revenue through either the budget or departmental systems, whether in governments, private corporation or community enter- prises have been discussed pro and con for many generations. But because of the serious problems that now confront us the discussion is becoming more and more intense. The adoption of the Budget System now when the questions of raising sufficient revenue from tariffs and taxation is grow- ing more acute if not embarrassing would not, in the judgment of any sane person, prove a panacea for all our ills and should not be put forth or considered as the sole and only remedy for the relief of our people during the present liquidation after a period of doubtful prosperity and opulent extravagance. Rather would I view the system in its operation as a fundamental economic principle of government meritorious and effi- cient in times of prosperity as well as in times of adversity. Viewing the question from this standpoint I recall the names of many eminent financiers and statesmen advocates of the Budget System. W. E. Gladstone, the "grand old man of England," as chancellor of the exchequer, turned to the Budget System whenever a financial crisis threatened the British Treasury, John Sherman while Secretary of Treasury in this country became an ardent champion also of this system. Ex-Governor Lowden of Illinois rendered conspicuous service during his four years administration saving his people many millions of dollars by the use of the Budget System. I might remark in passing that his great success along this line attracted the attention of the nation to such an extent that he almost reached the coveted goal of the presidency. Ex-Congressman Good of our own state as chairman of the appropria- tions committee in the National Congress by the use of this system as far as the law would permit and against the opposition of powerful interests, saved the Treasury of the United States' over a half a billion dollars. In the old and prevailing system of compiling appropriation bills the chair- man of such committee weighing his responsibility found his greatest and most perplexing difficulty or duty in limiting or at least minimizing de- partmental raids on the Treasury. Still with all these advantages and economic saving in its application to government disbursements it must not be inferred that it is easy of adoption. It's a well known fact that there is now and always has been violent opposition to its use. So many Interests are opposed to it. Besides departmental heads and commissions who are looking for increased appropriation for the exploitation of their own particular sphere of authority are strongly opposed to the Budget System. I might mention that this opposition is very noticeable, even dominant, in the committee room where every effort is put forth to crys- talize into law through the passage of the general appropriation bill enor- mous sums of money for the benefit of special interests. I have here only hurriedly sketched a rough outline ol" this system and what can be accom- 176 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III plished by its use in keeping the expenditures relatively in line with the amount of revenue easy of access. To my mind there is no doubt that the principles involved are sound and will ere long become the permanent law of our state and nation. Keeping in mind these beneficient results I have seriously considered if some good cannot be accomplished in the application of this system to the business end of county and district fairs or is it possible there can be any serious opposition or objections to its use through jealousy in the different depart- ments of fair management. To premise my advocacy of this system as a workable one and as a safety valve which I think you men ought to consider I want to state a historical fact in regard to revenue and expenditures. In young and grow- ing countries showing any degree of prosperity the revenues rapidly in- crease relatively far beyond the expenses. In such instances the burden of taxation is not pressing and consequently there is little, if any, evidence of agitation about excessive governmental expenses. But on the other hand in older and more developed countries the decrease in revenue in relation to expenditures becomes more and more apparent to the point where in many instances the expense far exceeds the normal revenue. Where these conditions exist every expedient of government is invoked to replenish the treasury with the least possible annoyance to the people. But any long continuance of this burden breeds dissatisfaction among the people and in many cases financial disaster and revolution follow. Now applying these recognized facts to fair management in general we find a striking analogy in the comparison. From the published financial reports of the fair secre- taries we find at a glance that some of them are growing and should with- out any question be reasonably ambitious of greater achievement because they have not yet exhausted the assets of their territory, while many others may possibly have garnered the almost full purchasing power of their communities. Now this classification may not be exactly correct in all cases but I think the records will show it is substantially true. Of the ninety-two fairs in the state I would place in the former class some fifteen to twenty, leaving in the latter seventy to seventy-five that have approxi- mately reached their expected development as shown by the record. Now, of course, I am going to be very careful and not name to which class your different fairs belong. After you get home take the record of all the fairs and figure it out for yourselves. It will be more illuminating to you and much safer and possibly less embarrassing for. me. Practically, then, eighty per cent of our fairs show an almost equal yearly average in total receipts during a period of five years, weather con- ditions considered. It's on this large percentage of fairs where the receipts are less speculative that the budget can be utilized and the expenditures based on the average known receipts of each individual institution. There is no hope, there can be no hope, held out to the business man or institution where the expenses continually exceed the earnings. Particular emphasis should be stressed on this point for it is so easy and natural for fair man- agers to cross this line of safety. The management, of course, should leave nothing undone in the effort to excel and surpass, if possible, previous records in exhibits, attendance and receipts. That ambition is justified PROCEEDINGS IOWA FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 177 and necessary and how pleasing it is to all concerned when the results compensate the management for their efforts. But granting all that I cannot forego the conviction to sound a note of warning against unneces- sary extravagance, especially at a time when we are face to face with a new condition. While we may not like this new condition nevertheless it is here and we must meet it. To meet it successfully we must apply principles so far as successful management is concerned and they will be found to be the same principles that successful business everywhere has found necessary in the conduct of its affairs. That is the purpose of the budget. It is said of the "Canny Scot" that he is not "stingy," but "careful" and in that light I ask that you construe my thought. I think its an axiom in business that goods well bought are half sold, and if fair managers forget this axiom and purchase recklessly and more than their people can buy or are at least willing to pay for it's not only a bad bargain but usually proves a costly one. For if you cannot sell your show to the people at a profit the venture is a losing one and an unsightly deficit springs up to stare you in the face for the balance of the year. It's seldom any manager buys all he wants, but that should not be his motto. Better that he buys that only which he can reasonably expect to pay for. Some fairs because of larger territory and bigger towns to draw from are enabled and expected to put on a big expensive show, while it would be rank suicide for others who are not so favorably situated to attempt so pretentious an affair. Rivalry between fairs of these two classes will end in inevitable disaster for one of them. The years 1919 and 1920 were fruitful of record attend- ance and receipts and while we would all v/ish for their continuance it is very doubtful if a recurrence of such prosperity will again gladden our hearts for some time. We are a rural people and fair patronage in Iowa is mostly from the farm and I think every one is aware that during this period of liquidation the farmer is the greatest sufferer. Bearing this in mind the wise man- ager will arrange the size and expense of his show so that it will be salable to his community, and by the strict application of the Budget System to the expenditures in relation to the receipts as based on the average total yearly revenue for a period of years prior to 1919, will enable the fairs to tide over and greatly lessen the effects of lean years if they should be in store for us, so that you will be in a position to take full advantage and function with greater glory in the fat years that surely await you. President Hoffman : Gentlemen, we are honored with the pres- ence of Hon. Henry C. Wallace, Secretary of the United States Department of Agriculture. Mr. AVallace intended to speak to us tomorrow but has been called back to Washington, and will talk to us this afternoon. 13 178 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III Mr. Wallace: Gentlemen, I am glad of an opportunity to meet with the loAva S^'^te Board of Agriculture and the representatives of the County Fair Association. I was interested in what the preceding speaker said of the relation of your county fairs to the agriculture of the state. He said very truly that the prosperity of your fairs depended upon the prosperity of the farm. I presume that what you would like to hear from me is the conditions as we see them down there. I have not any prepared speech. I have made a few notes to talk to you on some of the different things that have come up down there in the way of giving an account of my stewardship to you people to whom I really owe my allegiance. I don't want to talk to you on the general depression of agriculture; you realize it here. I suppose at times you have felt it more severely out here than anywhere else. I want to say this to you that this depression is general through practically all the United States. It is true that some large sections have suffered per- haps more than others. The farmers of the east for example have not felt it so severely as in this great corn belt surplus producing section. There are two reasons for that. Their agriculture is more diversified in a way and they have not felt the full burden of the freight rate advance as you have out here; in other words they are nearer the market. Another reason for it, their land is not nearly as valuable, not worth nearly as much per acre. And there is still another reason: a good many of them, at least the territory to the south, are accustomed to take things very comfortably and have not been accustomed to push as hard to get ahead as we have in this western country. Throughout the south, the cotton producing section; throughout the range country of the west; throughout the small grain country of the southwest and northwest, this depression has been felt just as much as in Iowa. In the northwest conditions are even worse. One of the first duties, practically the first duty laid upon me was to loan two million dollars to the grain farmers of the northwest, particularly Montana and North Dakota. Congress made the appropriation on March 3rd and on March 5th when I took office the first duty I had was to say how we would handle that loan. They simply turned it over to us to be paid out to the farmers of these sections to be used for buying seed grain and under such rules and regulations as we might prescribe. We loaned that to more than 13,000 individual farmers and got it all out in time for spring seeding. Now we are in the process of collecting it and I want to say to you in some parts of the northwest conditions are very, very serious. Many of these people are in actual want for food and for clothing and for the ordinary necessities of life. I am saying this to you not to try to paint a dark picture, but to try to make you see that the Iowa farmer is in about the same boat as farmers of other sections of the country. Naturally you want to know what we are trying to do about it, what we are doing about it there, and I think there is a feeling over the country that not all is being done that can be done or that should be done. The first thing Congress undertook to do in the way of relief Avas the enactment of the emergency tariff. Ordinarily when we have a great sur- plus a tariff is not supposed to do so much good; the surplus itself ought PROCEEDINGS IOWA FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 179 to constitute a sufficient measure of protection against the importation of the same sort of tilings. We had a most unusual situation; while prices here were ruinously low last spring yet we had a constant flow of stuff into this country. Wool, for example, furnishes a very good illustration. Wool was selling at a ruinously low price; we had a great surplus piled up, notwithstanding that we were getting over sixty million pounds of wool a month coming into the United States. The reason for it was simply this, that this was the only country that had a market at all and these people were sending it here because they could not sell it anywhere eL-^e. So the imposition of the tariff duty did help some and it has helped I think along other lines. The second measure was enabling joint stock land banks to get into business by allowing them to spring their interest rate on the bonds they sold without making the same advance in interest rate to the borrower and the decision of the Supreme Court which allowed them to get back into business, and this law which made their bonds more market- able, because at that time bonds were not as marketable as they are now, resulted in making large sums available as loans on real estate and helped to that extent. Another measure was the provision for the increase of the capitalization of the farm loan bank, authorizing the treasurer to spend as much as twenty-five million dollars so as to bring that capitalization up to the legal limit, and the farm loan banks as joint stock banks have been functioning. Within the last three months farm loan banks marketed sixty million dollars of bonds at par. Captain Smith of that board tells me he anticipates no trouble marketing at least twelve million dollars worth of bonds in a month, which means spending that much in loans on farm mortgages. Then the act which amended the war corporation law cMid which empowered that corporation to immensely extend its loans has been very helpful. Up to last month some sixty-five million dollars, if I re- member rightly, of money had been loaned for export purposes, and under the new powers given by the law enacted by Congress probably seventy- five million dollars — I am not undertaking to quote the exact figures, — have already been loaned for relief within the state. Now I understand that there is a feeling that that money has not gotten down to the indi- vidual farmer as rapidly as had been hoped for. There is a feeling also that the corporation might properly loan to the individual farmer. I don't think that feeling is entertained by anyone who understands the difficulties of such proceeding. It is simply out of the question for the corporation to undertake to deal with the individual farmer here and there. It is impos- sible to set up a machine short of years that could function in that way. The money has been helpful in this way, that it has been gotten out to relieve the stress of the banks in the agricultural districts, and the process of getting it out is being simplified just as rapidly as possible. We have got a tremendous organization back there now and putting in large num- bers of additional men, and the machine is being brought into action more rapidly than those of us who were in close observation of the work .lad even hoped, and as time goes on, especially if the bankers themselves avail themselves of the opportunities offered by that act the results cannot help but be very helpful in relieving this whole situation of agricultural credit stress. Those were the laws which Congress enacted looking towards relief 180 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III of the credit situation. I think they have been more helpful than people generally realize. In addition to these laws they enacted a law which for the first time brought the packers, and the stock yards and the live stock commission merchants under Federal supervision. That law is now in force, but part of it is being held up temporarily by an appeal to the courts for the pur- pose of testing the constitutionality of the law. The appeal has been made by the commission merchants. There were reports when the law was enacted that the teeth had been taken out of it, that the amendments adopted by the Senate had almost emasculated the law. There is nothing to that kind of talk at all. It is a very strong law. It gives all the super- vision and all the power that anyone who is sensible of his responsibility under it cares to exercise to begin with. It gives power to go in and examine that whole business, meat packing and live stock marketing, all along the line and if it stands the attack now being made upon it, witliin a year or two we will be able to speak from accurate knowledge of the conditions affecting live stock marketing and meat packing. It gives the supervising agency authority to go so far as to fix charges in the stock yards and fix commission rates, authority which has never been given over any large business except in times of war. As I say the commission merchants have attacked the constitutionality of the law on the ground that they are not interstate agencies and that therefore Congress has no right to impose restrictions which that law im- poses. The case comes up as a test case from the Chicago yard. Every time we have one of these periods of agricultural depression there are always large numbers of people who attribute low prices very largely to the operations of the boards of trade. All of us practically here can look back to the depression previous to this and remember this same sort of agitation. There has never been enough exact knowledge about the opera- tion of these future exchanges to justify such legislation as has often been proposed and certainly no knowledge which would justify putting them out of business forthwith as some people think should be done. The act which Congress passed gives us the same sort of authority over the ex- changes and very much the same authority that the packing and stock yards act gives over the packers. It gives us authority to go in and examine everything that is going on on these boards of trade; to study the effect of future trading on prices; to go into the books of every individual concern. We have authority to require them to make such reports as we think are necessary to enable us to get at what is going on there, and if that law stands up within a year or two we ought to be able to express an intelligent opinion based on solid facts as to the effect of future trading on these open exchanges. That law also has been attacked by a small group of traders on the Chicago board of trade who are attacking the con- stitutionality of the law, and on much the same grounds as the attack on the packer law. The Supreme Court yesterday issued a decree which sus- pends in part all activities in enforcing that law and then has set the case for hearing on its merits on January 3rd. I am speaking of these things to try to make it plain that the people in Congress have been trying sincerely to do whatever seemed to be practical PROCEEDINGS IOWA FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 181 to do to help this whole agricuUural situation. I think there is no well considered measure that seemed to be practical which has been proposed there which has not met favorable support and which will not become law. There are two matters pending which I assume will be acted upon favorably. One of them is to clear away the obstructions to the formation of farmers' co-operative marketing organizations. As you know, now and then in this state and the other state the officers of such organizations have been arrested by over-zealous local attorneys on the ground they were' a combination in restraint of trade, and this law is designed to take away any excuse for that sort of thing. It has passed the House and is on the Senate calendar and I assume will be acted on at an early date. The other bill is a proposal to put agricultural representation on the Federal Reserve Board, and that grows out of the feeling on the part of a large number of people that the policy of deflation which was inaugurated by the Board a little more than a year ago has had a disastrous effect upon agriculture and has been in considerable part responsible for the severe drop in agri- cultural prices without corresponding drop in other prices. What will happen as to that law I do not know. Naturally the bankers feel that the Federal Reserve Board should be composed of bankers, it is to administer the credit machinery of the country and only men of wide banking experi- ence should be on it. On the other side of the question they point to the fact on the Bank of England Board there is not a banker, it is composed of representatives of the various businesses and industries, and that the administration of the credit machinery in that country is with due regard to all industries and businesses. Clearly if the federal reserve board is to be a board simply to administer credit, without undertaking to administer that credit in a way to influence business, then it is a bankers business. If on the other hand it is to be the sort of an institution which undertakes to encourage or depress business according to its judgment, then I think the argument is good that representatives not only of agriculture but manufacturing and labor and other business interests should have a seat on the Board. That matter is going to come up for discussion this winter and it will be a very interesting discussion. So much for what Congress has done. And I want to say again that if Congress has not done more it is not for lack of desire to do more to solve this whole situation. The difficulty has been to determine what is the practical thing to do, wiiat will work, what will do more good than harm. That is the difficulty of the whole affair. It is not an easy matter to bring about all at once a condition of prosperity following such a period as we have been through. Here we had thirty million men in the field with guns in their hands set to work to kill one another; taken from the walks of business. We had practically all the civil population of the world working and planning for that war w^ork and to support these men in the field; a complete disorganization of all our ways of doing things up to that time, and you cannot expect in going through a period such as this that there is not going to be some disturbance in getting these men back and started again in the walks of business. We must take to ourselves a good deal of the blame for not anticipating such a thing as has come upon us; and we are to blame here in Iowa as we 182 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III are elsewhere. Haven't you men in this room heard men talk two years ago that you would never see low prices of grain and live stock In Iowa again, that we were on a permanent war level of prices and you would never see cheap food again? You heard men talk also, not only farmers but bankers and business men, that Iowa land would never stop until it went to a thousand dollars an acre. I heard that. I talked in twenty different counties in Iowa in the spring and early summer of 1920. I tried to talk and say what all scholars and economists said, prices were on a war level and we would go through the same period we had gone through after every war, and they used to say to me: "Wallace, you are all right, but you have got this thing sized up entirely wrong. This land won't go back again, it is never going to stop until it gets to a thousand dollars an acre." I think all of you have heard the same kind of talk. I see no use in bemoaning a fact, but I say we ought to have seen something of this severe period of restoration which has come upon us, we are in part to blame just as everybody else is; not any more to blame than other people for not anticipating some of it. Now I want to tell you what the Department of Agriculture tried to do. The Department of Agriculture for forty years has been seeking increased production. We have searched the world for new plants and animals. We have studied in every field of scientific research for ways of cheapening production, increasing production, to produce better. The Department had not given the same attention to what I call the business side of farm- ing; had not studied the economic side, and it seemed to me that side of the department work needed strengthening. Very shortly after I went there I began to strengthen that by combining various economic units in the department, getting them together where they knew one another's work, one man knew what the other man was working on, was given in- spiration working together. I sent men over the seas to look into the for- eign market. Our trouble we all said came from two causes: first, we had stimulated production as a result of war demand in the hope and in the expectation no matter if peace did come there was the starving world over- seas to take all we produced at a good price, and then we felt when peace did come and these people did undertake to come back to normal times, they did like every sensible man did in his own business, they found they were about broke and they said "we won't buy anything that we don't have to buy, we will wear our old clothes. We will not eat more than we need and we will go to work and pay off these debts." So our foreign demand decreased while our production had increased and our costs of produc- tion were the highest ever known. Then the trouble came to this country and our industries began to slow down, men were thrown out of work, our consumption at home de- creased, so you had a situation where forty per cent of our people depend- ing on agriculture were selling their products at far less than cost of pro- duction and are still going down to pre-war prices, while things they had to have maintained a war level. I sent men overseas to seek cotton exports, meat exports, grain exports and other products to see where we could sell our stuff. People had been saying all we needed to do was to give these people credit and they would buy our stuff. We. found that Avas not true. PROCEEDINGS IOWA FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 1S3 There was no way by which we could extend credit and get business and increase materially the stuff we sold overseas. Those people were doing exactly what we were doing here. The markets were full and they were not buying as they had done in days past, buying and storing there, they were buying a hand to mouth market, they didn't want to take any they didn't need in the next two or three weeks. That is exactly the same thing each one of us did. I think our investigations overseas have been helpful; they will be especially helpful to us in the future. We have not been able to greatly stimulate our sales over there although I may say this that until the last two months our exports of agricultural products have been very, very much above exports in years just preceding the war. And until these people get back on a pre-war basis and especially until they get their financial system stabilized and quit printing money turned out on the printing presses, until they stop doing that we must expect a slow trade from over there. Then at home as I say I have reorganized the economic work of the de- partment with a view to not only study this present emergency but look- ing into the future and trying to anticipate such periods as this or less severe periods, and guard against them. I feel very, very deeply that if our department of agriculture and our agricultural colleges and our farmers' organizations had given even a half as much study to the eco- nomics of agriculture and the things which influence prices and the opera- tion of the law of supply and demand and kept in touch all the time with foreign production and foreign consumption and various factors influenc- ing the demand for our products — if they had given even half as much thought to that as they gave to increased production, we could have anticipated in large part this trouble that has come upon us. I think that our whole method of agricultural education and work of the experi- ment stations and work of the federal department of agriculture itself and the work of your state boards of agriculture have got to be reorganized and reconstructed with a view to getting an understanding of these great fundamental forces that influence agricultural prosperity. We find ourselves just in about the same situation the people of Paris were in when the shells of that great gun began to fall; they didn't know where they came from, didn't know what was hitting them, and it took them a little time to find out and locate it and see where the trouble was. We have been in about that same condition in this period of agricultural de- pression; we haven't been able to size up our trouble, see what it was hitting us. We have gone through three of them in my life time and we have come out of every one of them without realizing or knowing what was behind them, and studying the business side of agriculture. I hope we will not come out of this without fully appreciating the im- portance of marketing our crops intelligently, of adjusting production to the needs of consumption and the study of all the factors which influence production and price, and if we have learned that lesson from this then the experience will not have been wholly lost. Now looking toward the future, we are going to come through this emergency, we are going to be hurt some, but the world is going to settle down and pre-war condi- 184 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III tions will largely be restored, and when we get through this as I see it we are facing an entirely new period in American agriculture. Heretofore the young man who got a tight hold of a piece of land and had enough money to buy a very modest farming equipment and had a good wife and who had in him a capacity for work, was almost certain to get ahead. He had to economize; he didn't make money one year with another on his farm operations, but that piece of land was steadily increasing in value and he could see that. He could afford to economize, he could afford to live almost penuriously because he could see he was getting ahead through the advance in that piece of land. Now we have taken up practically all of our easily tillable land. We have millions of acres which can be brought under cultivation when conditions justify, and especially when prices justify, but all of the easily tillable land has been taken up and we have come to a period now when we have skimmed the cream off of the advance in land. We have come to the point where we cannot expect these rapid advances. We have come to the point where the farmer cannot afford to lose money in his farm operations with the idea he is going to get it back through increase in value of land, because the value of land will not increase rapidly enough to enable him to do that. So as I see it we are coming now into an entirely new period in agricul- ture where farming has got to be put on a solid business basis just as any other business and where one year with the other the farmer can be able to make a fair profit in addition to interest on his investment, and it is going to take the combined wisdom and judgment of the best informed men in this whole country to maintain our agriculture under those conditions. We have loaned foreign nations ten or eleven billions of dollars. I say we have loaned it in dollars. As a matter of fact we have loaned that much value in commodities. There is not enough money over there to pay even the annual interest charge on the money we have loaned them which means that if they pay back these debts they have got to pay them back in the same form in which we loaned them, in commodities of one sort or another. That means our manufacturing industries are going into a period of the most severe competition, and all the more severe because of the disparity of the money values of the United States and practically all foreign countries. This is a good country to sell in, not a good country to buy in. That means our manufacturers are against the most severe com- petition they have ever experienced. To meet that competition they have got to reduce production costs in every way possible. That means they are going to demand the cheapest possible food. They are going to insist on their grains and live stock products to be just as cheap as they can pos- sibly be furnished, and they are not going to be particular as to where they come from. Then you take the third factor; down to the south of us is a great agri- cultural empire, Argentine and Brazil and Uruguay constitute a tremen- dous agricultural empire. In Brazil they can grow anything we grow in Iowa and in addition grow a lot of tropical products we can't grow. Ship- ping rates to these South American countries going to our consumption centers along the eastern coast and for 250 to 300 miles this side are lower than the shipping rates from Iowa to those same points. Now you take PROCEEDINGS IOWA FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 185 these three or four circumstances which I have indicated, and I say that they challenge the very best thought of our ablest men both on the farms and in the cities, because when all is said and done our national prosperity is dependent upon our farm prosperity; forty per cent of our people depend on what grows on the farm. That forty per cent, because of this present condition, their purchasing power is reduced and the effect is felt upon the remaining sixty per cent. We have come to the time when we have got to check up carefully on our marketing as well as on our production of agricultural products. Speaking of Iowa in terms of Iowa, seems to me the challenge comes up squarely to the State Board of Agriculture, to the State Agricultural College and to all other agencies interested in Iowa agriculture, including bankers, merchants and every citizen of Iowa, — because we all know Iowa is an agricultural state, the basis of our pros- perity is in the Iowa farm, and it presents a problem which must have the most careful attention of all citizens of Iowa. This tendency for the farmer and business man to regard their interests as antagonistic has got to be overcome if Iowa meets this problem ahead of it in the next twenty years. We have here thirty-five million acres of the most valuable land in all the world. Nowhere in the world is there thirty-five million acres lying in one body that equals in value of fertility the thirty-five million acres in Iowa. We have in Iowa the most intelligent farm citizens that can be found in any similar body of land in the world. Nowhere can there be found the same number of farmers having the ca- pacity for large production and intelligent production. The problem is to organize this whole thing, reorganize the process with a view to the future. It is a problem I think the State Board of Agriculture, and you gentlemen interested in the county agricultural fairs must take to yourselves seri- ously. There is not any question about our coming out of this period. As I say, some of us are going to get hurt. The problem is not this emer- gency now, because I think most men who are familiar with all conditions which are likely to affect us now are agreed that we have reached the bottom. We may have some temporary depressions in the price of corn and some other crops, but we have a right to assume we have turned the row and are headed now towards better times. The problem is not alone this present emergency, it is a problem of the future agricultural policy of Iowa. It brings with it the challenge to every man who loves his state and loves his fellow citizens here. I would like to see the Iowa fair men and Iowa State Board of Agriculture take the lead in this. I would like to see them in a reorganization and directing of the various agencies which are standing for better agriculture. I would like to see you set up a state marketing organization which would enable us to market our crops more intelligently than we have. The day I left Washington the manager of the Co-operative Fruit Grow- ers of California was in my office. I said "Well, how have you done this year?" They handle mostly oranges. Oranges are a luxury. These Co- operative Growers of California marketed their oranges and made a profit on their production and on their marketing. It simply came about by attacking that marketing problem as a business organization, and does its marketing intelligently. They grade their fruit, they don't market poor 186 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III stuff, they throw it out. They have a co-operative lumber mill up in one of the California forests where they make their own boxes. They have inspectors all along the way. They operate their own refrigerator cars. They study the demands of the consumer in every large city. They do not flood the market of one city with oranges. They start a car east and they direct that car wherever they find the market for oranges is likely to be good by the time they get there. If something happens before they get to that destination, the market goes off, they stop it and send it some place else. In other words they apply business principles. In all frankness we have not done that, and have not made intelligent organization in Iowa. We have got to do that if we maintain Iowa agriculture as we must main- tain it. We have got to get the Iowa farm on a basis where it yields a fair return in the money invested in land; where it yields in addition to that a fair return on the working capital; where it yields in addition a fair labor return to the man who farms, to enable him to live decently, maintain his schools and churches, maintain his lodges and bring up his children and give them educational advantages and social advantages, to take care of his wife and give her home conveniences she has a right to demand and at the same time maintain the fertility of Iowa land for the generations to come after us. President Hoffman : I am sure we all appreciate Mr. Wallace's talk. We have all been good listeners. We will now go on with the prog-ram. Mr. Corey will talk to us on the Budget System. Mr. Corey: Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of the Iowa Fair Managers Convention: I assumed, when I was placed on the program with Mr. Mullen to discuss the subject of budgets, that he would cover the matter thoroughly, and I now feel that I was justified in my prediction. This subject of budgets is one of considerable interest and of great im- portance to all fair managers at this time. In analyzing the financial reports of the Iowa county and district fairs, for the past year, I find they have encountered the same difficulties as the state fairs, Iowa State Fair included. The Iowa fairs, as well as the fairs of the whole country, have been riding on a wave of prosperity up until the year 1921. During the year 1921 the fairs truly reflected the financial conditions of this country. The apparent slump in attendance and receipts from an average or normal was not as great as we might at first think it was. If you will eliminate the two abnormal years of 1919 and 1920, for the sake of comparisons, you will find the fairs had a fairly prosperous year in 1921. The trouble with a great many fair managers the past year was that we did not anticipate that the attendance and receipts were going to return to normal quite as soon as they did, and for this reason not many fair managers trimmed their expense budgets to fit th,e income. I was very much interested in the report of the statistical committee of the International Association of Fairs and Expositions made to our con- vention in Chicago on November 30. This report showed that the attend- ance and receipts of practically every state or interstate fair in the United States showed a falling off. One fair showed a reduction in receipts of 49 PROCEEDINGS IOWA FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 187 per cent and several between 30 and 40 per cent. I wish to add here that your own state fair, according to this report, stood second only to the Minnesota State Fair in receipts, attendance and cost of operation, and paid out in cash premiums $7,563 more than any state fair in the United States. Referring to the reports of our ninety-two county and district fairs, we find that the expense of conducting these fairs in 1921 was $1,223,072.66. This sum does not include $30,772.44, the cost of maintenance of grounds and buildings, which in the end should be either added to the operating expense or deducted from the profits. The expense of operation shows an increase of about $8000 over 1920 and there were three less fairs held. The total receipts of the fairs, including an increase of $44,677 in state aid, were $1,275,802. This was a decrease of $141,802 as compared with the receipts in 1920. The net balance on hand at the close of the year, of all the fairs, showed a decrease of $102,643, and the interest-bearing indebt- edness was increased $175,481. These figures are not quoted as a criticism of the fair managers, but I do want to bring out the point that fairs in general have been spending too much in putting on their fairs and should reduce their expense in con- formity with the reduction in attendance and receipts, which is almost cer- tain to continue for the next few years. This is where the budget system can be used to work out your problems. Bj' eliminating the prosperous years of 1919 and 1920. and taking 1918 and 1921 as a basis for anticipated receipts, you can estimate somewhere near what your income should be the coming year. The budgets should be made up to come within the anticipated income. Budgets should be made up for attractions, advertising, speed program, premiums, pay rolls for all depart- ments; in fact, every department of the fair should be on a budget basis if you hope to hold down the expense. These budgets can be worked out by the secretary or a committee with the co-operation of the superintendent of the department and, when once adopted, should be religiously adhered to. Uniform Accounting There is one other matter that I was supposed to touch upon that, in a way, will be of help in working out the budget system in future years. That is the suggesting of a uniform accounting system for the fairs. I realize that a great many of the county fair secretaries are business men and do not have the time or the necessary help to keep an elaborate system of books. I assume that what most of you are looking for is a simple sys- tem that will enable you to keep an accurate account of your receipts and disbursements properly classified with a minimum amount of work. The system I would suggest is what is known as a special column journal and ledger combined; one for a record of the receipts and one for disburse- ments. As suggested by your program committee, I have worked out and had printed a sample showing one opening of each of these journals. The orig- inal entry in the journal of receipts is made direct from the receipts written either by the secretary or treasurer. The entries in the journal of expenditures are made from the voucher or check stub. This system is 188 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III used by a great many state fairs and has been found satisfactory. It ic also used by a great many county fairs in some of the eastern states. I do not believe this is the time or the place to go into detail as to the method of keeping these books. Sample openings of each have been pro- vided for distribution at this meeting. I would be glad to have the secretaries secure a copy and make any suggestions or criticisms for im- proving the system. I should also like to make the suggestion that if the system appeals to you, that the secretaries club together and place an order for a number of books at the same time, and in this way secure a big reduction over the cost of a single book. I think you understand that the cost of ruling and printing one book would make it a rather expensive proposition, but by clubbing together I am of the opinion that a satisfactory price can be secured. President Hoffman: The next on the program is "Relations of the Farm Bureau with the County and District Fairs," by Mr. E. H. Cunningham, Secretary Iowa Farm Bureau Federation. Mr. Cunningham: Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of the Convention: You have assigned to me a subject which is in regard to the relationship of the Farm Bureaus to the District Fairs. The interests you represent and the interests that are represented through the farm bureau are iden- tical, and there should be a relationship there without any question so that it would redound to the benefit and bring good results both to your in- terests and the interests we represent through the Farm Bureau Federa- tion. I listened to Mr. Wallace quite attentively, a very interesting talk, and yet there are some things I anticipated he might touch upon that would put a little hope into us here. He has put the proposition up to us to meet the situation that confronts the farmer here and our interests in this state, but we are looking to the leadership to suggest a way out. I have been to Washington four or five times looking for something. They are all in the dark down there, they don't know any more about that situation, it is my opinion they know no more about the cure down there than you men do down here. There is only one thing to it in my mind we have reached the bottom probably, consequently feel better to think we have got no further to fall, have got to the end and probably going up. W^e have read a great deal about it, getting back to normalcy. I will tell you in my own humble way Ave won't get back no matter what men say on the subject, notwithstanding the articles you read by different economists, whenever you see these farmers out here selling products off the farm for what it costs to raise them and a little bit more as profit, then we will be getting back and not until that time, gentlemen. That is the proposition that confronts this country. I know you men are interested in it the same as I am. Mr. Wallace told us that we can't expect much from Europe. Gentlemen, we have got a wonderful surplus of corn here in this country and we have got to get rid of it. They tell us not to burn it; they are economists. What is the next proposition? Through the co-operation of the farmers of this state they put 1,300,000 acres of this land into corn the last four years because the government asked them to produce more, a twenty-seven and a half per PROCEEDINGS IOWA FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 189 cent increase in 1917. You are all familiar with how that was done, be- cause they had a larger yield and better farming, they broke up pastures and hay land and answered the call of the government and they fed the people of this world while the boys went to war. That condition still exists and that land is still in corn. As a business proposition, I would not want to suggest any condition that would cut down production, I would not suggest this as a method of curtailing the food supply of the world, but as a business proposition that it is only proper for these men to turn that 1,300,000 acres back into grass and let that lie idle when you know and I know the farmer will reap a larger return today from that pasture for the good old cow and will realize more from dairy products than he can possibly from his corn at present prices. They say it would be a waste to burn corn. If I lived out a great ways from town, — I would not say for a state to advocate burning food stuff, but I would leave it with the individual what to do with that surplus. They say that is not sound economy. I don't know a blamed thing about economics. If economics control this business let's burn our economics and get down to sound principles on this proposition, something practical. On the question of relationship, you can answer that better than I can. Out there in the country Farm Bureaus are organized individually in each county. If you ask me what they should do I would say there should be close co-operation. The Farm Bureaus are there to help in any way possible the farmer in his problems and with his problems and the fair is there to show him how he can advance his own interest, it is an edu- cational institution, you call it that, you want it to be that. It is true you have to have a balanced program, you have to entertain people as well as educate them. People condemn you for doing that thing. I don't entirely, I like a little fun. I used to like to go and see the horses go. Late years I have not seen so much of it. But you have to have these entertainments. I think you could well pattern after the state fair pro- gram that the Farm Bureau has put on in these county exhibits they put out here. These exhibits out there are popular, very popular, we find them so; they are educational; they show you what the products of the state are. Why not take the counties and take each township in each county and get them to compete a little bit on this proposition and put up a nice exhibit there at the fair. Why not have a demonstration plot out there and demonstrate the kinds of soil fertilizers and especially this question of limeing Iowa soil so you can better grow the legumes. Two years ago this coming spring I sowed twenty acres to alfalfa. I never saw that seed, it never did come up, absolutely saw nothing of it. Someone said the soil is sour, give it lime. A year ago this spring my boy limed that, fertilized that twenty acres, and now I have got the best twenty acres of alfalfa in Iowa. That is edu- cational. I think you could get up an educational plot. In your relationship with the county Farm Bureau why not get together and co-operate in the way of making greater use of this club work? The very stability of this state depends upon whether you can keep these boys and girls interested in this game that is so disastrous and distressing at this time. That I think is a very good line of work for you men to 190 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III follow. Encourage it, put up your prizes. I can't tell you how to do It. You men are experienced along that line. I have had men come to me a hundred times and tell me how to run the state fair; I have been told by a thousand different ones how they could make a success. When I get out there and see the multiplicity of attractions and departments, I make up my mind these men who are actually responsible for this, getting that thing going, having it fixed and getting it out and all over in ten days is absolutely a science far far beyond me. That is the fair man's business. I don't want to tell him how to do it. The fair business is your business, you have the same thing in each county. A man has to be a genius to make a success of a fair. I am satisfied nothing could come between the county agricultural fair and the Farm Bureau, that your interests are in common. You should co-operate, and I am sure if I can help you I will be glad to do it. I would like to answer to some extent things brought up by Mr. Wallace, — not answer them but second them. One is marketing. He suggested that these farmers must take hold and we must take hold of this question of marketing. No question about it. Every one of us that own a piece of land have known that every school house built, every road built and every kind of improvement in the community or on that farm added to the value of the farm continually, but we gave but very little consideration to this question of marketing. We were speculators in land until it reached a point where we can't expect any particular advance or any great advance in these lands, then the old speculative income value of these lands ceased. How many of you want these lands at their present income when you get down and figure this investment or what the value is. That is the propo- sition that faces the farmer like a stone wall, and we are not going to move again in this state until the farmer gets his expenses on a par with his income, when he is able to show a profit on his investment. Some- how he keeps things going but he must get back to the basis now where he is going to give consideration to his earnings from that farm, to the income that farm produces. And these booms we had two years ago, I think the experience most men had with that boom two years ago it has brought them to their senses at this time, and it is a question now whether anybody is going to get away with any velvet on that proposition, and here is that mortgage that has got to be lifted; how is he going to get it out of 25 cent corn and 20 cent oats. The question is solve this proposition so this product will bring what it costs to raise it; if we don't how long do you expect the thing to continue. In Iowa men are optimists. I am an optimist, so are you. After the war it took eleven to thirteen years to get back, after the civil war, from the high point of prices and cost of production to the lowest, and here after fifty or sixty years of civilization and progress and development and enlightenment we had a war and with all that intelli- gence and with all that wealth and the stability of thought, large enough for the settling of the difficulties of the world, we come back home and we fell off of the roof, went back from the very peak of production of prices and cost of production to the very depths in six months. It merely shows that we have been altogether too much going on as individualists, all grasp- PROCEEDINGS IOWA FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 191 ing and grasping for our own and reaching out for more. You have got to get a broader vision on this proposition if Iowa agriculture is to come back where it belongs. Iowa is not going down. You can take these things back right to the farmer, he is discouraged. he has a right to better things. He will come to your fair and see some of these things you have there for him, there won't be any side show attrac- tions at your fair, we have cut them out. We are trying to work out that market problem. We are going at it sane and safe. The Iowa Farm Bureau is not trying to destroy any industry or any interest in this state. If things go right for the farmer he is trying to build a better plan. The farmer must take hold of this. He is justified in going to any length until he finds a better market for that crop if he can, build a better plan, a stabler plan, one not by speculation as to valuation, but giving a better market for the crop he has; he is not only justified to do it, he is in duty bound to do it. Now forty per cent of the wheat crop is on the market by the first day of October; out of the farmers' hands; he needs the money. Money won't cure the situation, not now; money will help him, it will carry him over, but he has got this stuff all sold and shipped to market. Whenever the farmer is reasonably prosperous that prosperity will reflect itself everywhere. President Hoffman : The paper "Concessions for County and District Fairs," by Mr. F. B. Selby, Secretary of the Wayne County Fair will be read by our secretary. Assuming that all county and district fairs are conducted for the purpose of instructing and entertaining the people with the incidental purpose of making a profit with which to extend and improve our fair grounds; it follows that funds must be provided to pay for these means of instruction and entertainment. Our races, free acts and other features of instruction and entertainment cost money, pay nothing directly to the fair yet are featured and advertised at considerable expense and undoubtedly are the features which bring the money to the gate. Our concessions, properly handled, contribute to a considerable extent to the comfort of our patrons and bring in quite a revenue. A good bunch of concessions on our grounds accommodate the people by providing the various refreshments which seem to be a necessity to every pleasure-seeking gathering of Americans; the games, rides and shows furnish amusement to many who do not seem to be attracted by anything else, while the holiday spirit is awakened in all by the sight of the impos- ing Ferris Wheel, the gaily decorated doll racks, the banners in front of the side shows, the smell of the frying hamburger and fresh roasted pea- nuts and popcorn, the blare of the merry-go-round organ, the cries of the vendors of whips, balloons and canes and the bally-ho of the side show barkers. All these are sweet to the seasoned fair goer and put him at once in a proper frame of mind to enjoy what he has paid us for. 192 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III Now that we are in accord regarding the advantages of concessions, the discussion must be regarding the unpleasant features and how to avoid them. The opening statement which I shall make I have no doubt will cause discussion and I fear I will not find a champion for my position; it is this: The unpleasant features of concessions at fairs are largely the fault of the fair management or concession superintendent. If an objectionable show or game comes to your fair, it is your fault, if the stands are not kept in an orderly and sanitary condition, it is your fault; if you have constant trouble with your concessions about conditions, it is your fault; in fact I do not know of any of the unpleasant things which occur with our concessioners which might not have been avoided by the observance of a few precautions at the time of making contract. Concessioners are, as a rule, fair minded and reasonable men; out to make money in, what seems to us, a very hard way; but they understand business methods, know their rights and yours and when they are im- pressed with the fact that you're doing business in a business way and are giving them a fair deal and will insist on the same from them, you will not have any trouble with them. A great part of the trouble arises from misunderstanding. Do not have any. Put every agreement in writing and be absolutely sure that the concession superintendent and concessioner understand the contract. Do not leave anything to be settled at time fair opens or at time of payment. Close the deal when contract is signed. We have concessioners who have been with us at every fair we have held and have been of great help to us in many ways; yet each of these signs a contract in which every agreement is plainly written. Let the contract state just how much space is allotted, its location (which should be marked on plat showing relation to entrance and other points of interest on the grounds), what charge for lights, water, policing, etc., what you agree to do and furnish, the amount to be paid and the exact time of payment and I repeat, be sure that the concessioner understands exactly what he is to get and the amount to be paid and the time of payment. Then do with him in every respect exactly as you have agreed and you are then in position to insist that he shall do the same. He has nothing to argue about. It is well to make a trip down the line about the time the boys are set- ting'up, note how the set is made, see that they are on the proper spot and properly lined up. You will find that this is appreciated and in many cases will save trouble later. When the time for making collections comes, be as punctual as a clock. See that your collector is on the job at the very time the payment is due. Do not permit him to argue in regard to any grievance the concessioner may present to him. His business is to get the money. He has no author- ity to settle disputes. Let him report to you. When the report is made to you, go at once and settle the matter then and there. You have either furnished what you agreed or you have not. PROCEEDINGS IOWA FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 193 If you have not, make it right; if you have, get the money or cancel con- tract. Always settle for amount specified in contract. By this is meant: do not "make right" something you have failed to furnish by reduction in price; but furnish what you have agreed and collect full price. Any other kind of a settlement will make trouble with other men on the lot. Here is where your written, signed and perfectly plain contract wins out. We have found that at a four-day fair it works well to make the pay- ments: One-third cash with contract, one-third on second day of the fair and balance on third day of the fair. This gives the boys first and second day to make second payment, the third day which is usually the big day for third payment and the fourth day for them to take in their get-away money and you to settle with the lame ducks, if you have any. While amount we collect from concessions is not so large as many of you have, we usually have all collected at close of third day; this season we had every dollar. It has been suggested that some plan should be devised by which all money for concessions would be paid in advance. There is no room for difference of opinion along this line. Such a plan would be ideal and make the life of the concession superintendent a bed of roses; and while I hope that the discussion may result in devising some such, plan, for my part I am of the opinion that it is impossible. It would require more capital than most of our concessioners have to contract for season of say ten weeks and pay in advance. If they had that much money, they would not need to be on the road. It is true that we may sometimes hold a spot for a man who has made first payment and fails to come, sometimes a man blows after the second day; but these are chances we must take and under normal conditions there are usually applications for space on second day of fair sufficient to take up these defaults. It might be worth while to make contracts with those who contract in advance at the usual terms and require payment in full from those who drop in after fair opens thus stimulating advance contracts. The Wayne County Fair and possibly others would appreciate having the representatives who have tried them give their experience in regard to carnivals at county fairs. Do they interfere with sale of other concessions? Do they please your patrons? Do they pay? Do you have any trouble in keeping them from putting on immoral shows and games of chance? Our directors do not approve of them yet we know that some good clean fairs have them. We want information. Another thing which, in my opinion, would add to the entertainment and increase revenue at our fairs is good clean pay shows. We have not been able so far in our career to connect with anything of this kind worth while. We have too many refreshment stands and games and not enough shows. Folks can't eat all the time, they soon get enough kewpie dolls, some do not care for the rides and most any kind of a show except a snake show would be welcome. i;5 194 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III It is to the credit of Iowa Fairs that the class of entertainment furnished and amusement offered is clean and we should always keep that in view in contracting our concessions. Our patrons pay for them just as they pay for our free acts and races and are entitled to just as high class goods. No one thing will do a county fair more harm than a lot of disreputable con- cessions on the ground. Our reputation is behind any concession we allow on our grounds. We advertise our free acts and races and our pa- trons may know what we have before coming to the fair but they do not know, save from the reputation of the fair, what will be shown on the midway. We call ourselves educational institutions and should not offer to those who come to us for instruction anything which is degrading in its character. We invite children and young people in particular to attend our fair and what we offer them should be entertaining but must not be in any way immoral or suggestive of immorality. We must keep our concessions so that we may say to our patrons: send your children and young men and young women to our fair; there you will find much to instruct them, much to entertain, but nothing in the way of entertainment or amusement that will not be in every way proper and right. There you have the job of the concession superintendent. He must get the money. His directors insist on that. He must get a variety of enter- tainment for our patrons. He cannot sell enough refreshment rights to pay out. His directors will not stand for a carnival company. His fair is not large enough for the big shows. He loses state aid if he permits games of chance. The county attorney of his county says that any game, even of skill, giving cash prizes is a game of chance. He must keep in the good graces of the concessioners. He must get the money. Does he earn his salary? You tell the pop-eyed world he does. President Hoffman : The next is the election of officers. Nomina- tions for President are in order. Mr. Stanbery: I wish to place Mr. E. S. Estell in nomination for president. Now if there are no further nominations I move that the rules be suspended and the secretary instructed to cast the unanimous vote for Mr. Estell as president for the ensuing year. The motion was seconded and prevailed, the secretary cast the unanimous vote for Mr. Estell and he was declared elected as presi- dent for the ensuing year. President Hoffman : The next will be nominations for vice presi- dent. Mr. L. W. Emery, of Spencer, was nominated and there being no other nomination a motion was made, seconded and carried that the secretary cast the unanimous vote for I\Ir. Emery. The secretary PROCEEDINGS IOWA FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 195 having cast the unanimous vote, ]Mr. Emery was declared elected vice president for the ensuing year. President Hoffman : Nominations for treasurer are in order. Mr. Roy E. Rowland of Oskaloosa was nominated and there being no further nominations a motion was made, seconded and carried that the rules be suspended and the secretary be directed to cast the unanimous vote for Mr. Rowland. Such vote being cast by the secre- tary Mr. Rowland was declared elected treasurer for the ensuing year. President Hoffman : The next is the office of secretary. Mr. J. P. Mullin : I would like to place in nomination ^Ir. Roy Wilkinson, of Alta. No further nominations being made it was moved, seconded and carried that the rules be suspended and the secretary be instructed to cast the unanimous vote for Mr. Wilkinson. The secretary having cast the vote, Mr. ^^^ilkinson was declared elected secretary for the ensuing year. President Hoft'man : Our afternoon program is completed and if there is nothing further at this time we will adjourn until 6 o'clock this evening. BANQUET SESSION, TUESDAY, DEC. 13. 1921, 7:30 P. ^I. President Estell : Gentlemen : They have asked me to act as toast- master here this evening. I am pleased to introduce to you the Honorable Mayor H. H. Barton, of Des Moines, as the first speaker this evening. Mayor Barton: Mr. Toastmaster and Members and Friends of the Iowa Fair Managers Association: In the last year Des Moines has had the privilege of entertaining many gatherings, we have had many conventions, but I assure you that none of them were more welcome to our city than you are tonight. Coming as you are from the various parts of the state and being representatives of the agricultural interests of our great state, and looking you over as I do I am sure that those interests will be well taken care of by you men. It is a great pleasure to welcome you to our city and I assure you that during your stay here I hope it will be a pleasant one to you and that your deliberations will be profitable. I welcome you and greet you to our city. President Estell : Honorable Mayor, I can assure you that I express the sentiment of every member of the Iowa Fair Managers Association when I say we deeply appreciate the hearty welcome 196 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III Des Moines gives us through your words here this evening. I be- lieve, gentleman, that this is the fourteenth annual gathering of the Iowa Fair Managers in Des Moines. The men who came here on this fourteenth event came with an anticipation greater than any they had ever had before because they knew of the greater welcome and hospitality that greeted them here. I again thank you Honorable Mayor in behalf of our organization. This afternoon we were favored with a very excellent address by Hon. H, C. Wallace, secretary of the United States Department of Agriculture, and you will remember in that talk he mentioned the necessity of the farm and the city working together. We have on our program this evening a gentleman who represents an organiza- tion here in this city that is doing that kind of work. They have not been doing it long but I understand that they are getting along very nicely. I am pleased to introduce to you Joseph F. Leopold of Des Aloines, general secretary Iowa State Chamber of Commerce. Mr. Leopold: Mr. Toastmaster and Gentlemen: A fair is perhaps the oldest gathering of human beings we have outside the family. It has been said in the olden days when our ancestors crawled down from the trees that the first thing we formed in the fashioning of things was the family and by tracing back through all the history that lies extant upon the Vv^ritten pages before us we find the earliest gatherings of mankind that they might do business on the swap and buy and sell were done in central fairs that were later termed as fairs themselves, where people met in a great aisled place, and placed their wares before all who might come that they might look and buy and learn what their neighbor had done and then perhaps buy of something that had been made or produced, and that old time institution has been brought down, down through the ages of some five or six thousand or more years to the present time, and like other lines of endeavor and co-operative movements has grown and grown, until we see it in every county, in every district, in every community in "the United States that possesses a group of citizens who have any vision or who are thinking of the welfare of the people who live in that territory. It is not primarily to benefit the men who are in these enterprises, but all who live in Iowa, that we are most interested. We have been working for some years, those of us who live in towns, wondering how we might build the cities, and we have made a very grievous error, particularly those of us who have termed ourselves city builders, because we have built some cities, built great market places and great communities largely at the expense of the rural area, and without going into any long detailed discussion we are admitting there is no denial, we have only to look at the shifting population figures to realize there is something doing along that line, and if a stop is not put to it that a grave economic question will face us in the next twenty-five to fifty years. There was a time in the history of this nation when approximately eighty- PROCEEDINGS IOWA FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. , 197 five per cent of its people were tillers of the soil or direct producers of things to meet the needs of men, and that figure has steadily decreased with each census period in the history of this nation. Forty or fifty years ago we found in round numbers two-thirds of our people living on the soil, and when the 1920 figures were announced that figure of forty or fifty years ago had been almost reversed and we found out in round numbers approximately two-thirds of our people lived in the city and the other one-third still upon the soil. In other words ten per cent of the people of this nation live in its three largest cities. New York, Chicago and Philadelphia. Twenty-five per cent of us live in cities of more than 100,000 population and the balance of that two-thirds or sixty per cent is scattered around in the cities, towns, villages and hamlets of less than 100,000 in size. So we are wondering what it all means and there has been a very potent and big reason for this shifting of population, for the exodus from the farm toward the town. The reason has been primarily that it has not been profitable as compared with other lines of industry and for a like measure of effort. Then too has been the fact that it has not been so profitable and it has been isolated and it requires people to stay far out and removed from other families, from their friends and from social con- tact, so they move to town that they may enjoy social contact, that they may have better educational facilities for their children, that they may have better opportunities to do things that they want to do and enjoy life as we do in America that comes to us when we come up to the cities and in the communities here and elsewhere. But the fair has done perhaps more than any other one thing to stabilize, insofar as the industry has been stabilized, the business of agriculture. It has done more to give them at least one annual frolic when they might not only meet together and see and learn, but when they might get that great and important item of social contact and rub the element of suspicion out of our characters, and that is all an important thing. And it is important because those of us who live in cities likewise enjoy going to fairs, and it is doing a whole lot to break down that unseen hidden barrier that has been allowed to grow up, done much to eliminate that and break down the suspicion those of us who live in town have towards the farmer and break down the suspicion the farmer has for the city when he comes into town to purchase the commodities he needs. We have only to analyze the fig- ures, only to look at the agricultural reports, we have only to look at the condition at the present time in the agricultural world in order to realize that the agriculturalist, the dirt farmer has not had a pathway of prim- roses at all. We are told for every dollar in circulation that seventy per cent, seventy cents is fundamentally farm money, and so we say it is high time that business men in the cities as well as business men on the farm pay a little more attention to the seventy per cent of our national business. Our biggest industry is agriculture, worth more than any other industry in our nation, and you men are doing that, if you are working with the agencies and in your own institutions to see that he gets a fair deal, an open field and opportunity to market his produce and to give him a return for his labor and his investment. And then we have worked some about how we 198 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III can do it best. We have been changing and we have been shifting, we have been moving things, and it has been a gradual evolution that has come to us with a broader view point and by reason of the fact we can see a little farther than we did some years ago. But years ago when a man said that the world was round he was burned at the stake. When one man invented a telescope and bored into the heavens he was driven from his friends among strangers. And out of that has grown a faith in mankind that has knitted us closer together, and out of that period of doubt has come a period of action when we have learned to respect each other and work a little harder, and the time will come Avhen we shall have learned that other lesson of working in harmony, that real lesson of co-operation. It has been said that a man who owes money can, if he lies awake at night, hear the interest grow, but if he is free of obligations and of debt and if he happens to wake up in the middle of the night he can hear the grain and the grass grow. We have been worried about that situation here, we have been thinking about it. I imagine there are not a half dozen or dozen perhaps fairs in this state that through all of their work throughout the year, their race seasons and others that show a profit; perhaps I am wrong on that guess, but so many have told me that I felt I was not in error in that statement. But you are no different than anyone else. Every- one has taken his bumps. Everyone felt sad. But the ray of sunshine is coming back, and I think you men might be interested in just one little item. It was mentioned by the toastmaster that the institution I represent has been engaged insofar as it is possible in trying to do something to help the basic industry of this nation. We cannot do much it is true. It is an economic problem. Someone a few months ago said there is an opening for a market in our sister republic to the south here. They got together a few business men, put up some money and shipped down there several carloads of fancy live- stock, as good as they could find in this state, and we put it on exhibition at their National Commercial Agricultural Exposition held in the nature of a centennial birthday in celebration of the one hundredth anniversary, of the Republic, and they looked and they saw and they wondered that Iowa, then almost unknown to them could produce the things that they needed so badly. They not only looked but they began to buy and in the past two, or three months a little coterie of business men have been able to sell at a price fair to the farmers of this state upwards of $200,000 worth of live stock in Old Mexico. Their agent of agriculture and chief of their bureau of animal husbandry have been with us seeing stock and fine ani- mals for their sixteen agricultural schools. And if sometime in the near future we can build ourselves up an institution financially strong enough we believe we can sell at least fifty per cent of what these Mexicans need and they have told us there is a market there for a million dollars worth of stuff a month if we will get busy on it. And that means co-operation and you men have unconsciously played a part in that because the stuff they bought, generally speaking, was taken from your own catalogues so far as its listing was concerned, for you furnished the people who wanted to go out and buy it with the names of the exhibitors whom we thought were the proper people to approach for buying purposes. PROCEEDIXaS IOWA FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 199 So we are learning a little bit of the lesson of co-operation, and I want to tell you a little incident that I have cribbed from ancient history, from ancient writings, and perhaps a little from the book of Daniel which illus- trates co-operation from my point of view and which I think has something to do with the way we are meeting here and in ninety-nine counties and districts men can meet in gatherings of this kind. It is through man's willingness to work together, and I know you have grown to the stature you have achieved only because you have not only been willing to work together, but that you have actually found an answer to the word "co- operation." We are told in the dim days of long ago, some 2300 years before the Christian era was founded the old time city of Ninevah with its successor the great city of Babylon, and with the coming of those days was Nebuchadnezzar with immense slave power in his hand. When he looked upon the ruined city he decided he would build an even greater one such as had never been known hitherto. He drove his large numbers of slaves under the whip, and we are also told that he erected the beauti- ful hanging gardens in fifteen days, and he drove them and drove them, and then says the book of Daniel when the job was finally completed it is said to the Lord of Hosts it was displeasing because the city had been built by such power and he turned Nebuchadnezzar out and the city fell. In succeeding generations again rose up another great monarch known as Belshazzar. He looked upon the ruined city of his fathers and decided it must be rebuilt. He was a great man, broad of shoulder, mighty of sinew, and he was strong-minded as well. He was so strong-minded and self-sufficient that for the rebuilding of Babylon he was the sole architect and designer, with its walls 125 feet in height and broadened out to twenty and twenty-five feet in width, and all the other wonderful features of that great city. Then again the angel reached his hands across the water and it was weighed in the balance and found wanting and another city fell because the Lord of Hosts did not like a one-man town, and that commu- nity fell never to rise again. And the last of these three communities that I have in mind is that of Jerusalem, that ancient city of the early periods, a survivor of the past and that city is supposed to have been built and that community is supposed to have been constructed by each one exerting his full measure of skill, all working and contributing to the building up of the lost cause of his people. And that city was built up through broth- erly love, by each one carrying his fair share of the community burden, and built in such fashion it has endured down to the present time. And so I say that you men are working along these lines in building. You are doing much for the education of the youth of this country. It doesn't do us much good to talk to the average audience of men and women who have achieved gray hairs, bald heads and some years, but when we look into an audience of young faces there is hope, there is light, and something comes into their eyes that makes us think we have not alto- gether lived and struggled and worked in vain. And when you men have a good fair, and the young manhood and young womanhood of your dis- trict come in and see the things that can be achieved through labor and brains they are given an impetus to drive forward, to go on. You give them opportunities to think and that thinking impels them to want a little more in their heads. 200 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III I want to submit a few more figures, and I wish you men might retain a few of them. Because you are doing your share, because you are working in an educational program I know you will be interested in the succeeding. generation, the boyhood and girlhood, the citizens of tomorrow, on whose shoulders we shall so soon cast the heavy mantle of citizenship, the heavy burden of responsibility, and we owe it to them that these boys and girls must have a chance that comes from better learning, better training, and they can only get it when we give the people the money to build these schools, and that means that they must make a special endeavor in the rural districts. And men, in this nation each year approximately 4,100,- 000 boys and girls at the average age of six enter our elementary schools. If all were placed in one great school room what a wonderful sight it would be, but how wonderful too if they would stay until they finished. But by the time we get that vast army through the fifth grade approxi- mately two million of them have dropped by the wayside and bust go through life with nothing more than a fifth grade education, except such as they can glean from the university of experience and the school of hard bumps, and 2,100,000 in round numbers, only are left, and by the time they get through the elementary school along up to the seventh and eighth grade we have left about 972,000 only and a little in excess of a half million enter high school and 196,000 of them go through. A mere frac- tion of one per cent get college or university training. And I give you these figures that I might further say to you that the federal government tells us that on the general average the young man or young woman with a high school training, that if he or she shall go into any business what- soever that on the general average their earning power is between $900 and $1,000 more per year than he or she who must travel along without that opportunity of advanced education. And so we are thinking about all that. You men are not only building fairs but you are building farm factories, you are not only building fairs but you are building homes; you are not only building fairs but you are building men and women, you are building citizenship, you are building school houses, for you are showing people what can be done by reason of dint of hard work and mental effort. You are building school houses, and you are building wonderful ones in Iowa; consolidated schools. I often- times think when I think of school houses and I think of these figures I have given you, I see in my mind some of the rural school houses I have seen in other states. You men are upbuilders and optimists in the community in which you live; you show us the best at least once a year; you give us an occasion to smile; you bring to the eyes not only a great gathering of the fruits of the year's labor and show us that the harvest has not been in vain, for you teach us that to sow is to pray, and that working and building and con- structing are things worth while and that we shall only reap in proportion to the effort that we have expended. So I say to you that as secretaries and as managers of the institution which bring a profit in an indirect way to the communities you represent, 1 am hoping you can do bigger things in Iowa than you have ever done. I wish I might have the opportunity to be useful to each of you individually. PROCEEDINGS IOWA FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 201 I hope that the institution I work for may at some time in the future be useful to you in your own bailiwick and on your own home playing grounds. But, men, the job is pretty clean cut. It don't mean anything except a little more perspiration, a little more dirtied up shirts and worn out shoes, and later on we shall be favored with the things that are worth while and the things that have been achieved in the past did not come easy at all. But now a broader vision and a little bit clearer insight have come to us, we have tidied up some and we are not going to get lost again from normal lines, and you folks carry the control in your hands to preach a little word of optimism and give a little word of cheer, if you are located in the city, and perhaps a word of optimism will help bring the things worth while to come again. There are good things here; let's work, let's think, let's brag a little, let's have some enthusiasm, let's drive, let's see if we can't instill into ourselves a personality with driving force that will take us through another year and give us that quality of leadership that will make other folks listen and will make other folks want to do some- thing and to profit by the examples we set up in our own communities. Mr. M. E. Bacon : At this time on our program we have the in- troduction to you of our officers — not an introduction because you are all acquainted with them, but we thought it a proper thing to introduce the officers elected of the Association for the year 1922. You have had introduced to you our new president, Mr. Estell, who has acted as toastmaster. I will not introduce Mr. Estell at this time. I will first introduce to you Vice President-elect Mr. L. W. Emery, the secretary of the Clay county fair, of Spencer, Iowa. Treasurer-elect I\Ir. Roy E. Rowland, secretary of the Southern Iowa Fair and Exposition, Oskaloosa, Iowa. Secretary-elect Mr. Roy E. Wilkinson, secretary Buena Vista county fair, Alta, Iowa. President Estell : We will next have the report of the Resolutions Committee by the chairman, Mr. Chas. Barber. REPORT OF RESOLUTIONS COMMITTEE We, the Iowa Fair Managers in convention assembled, desire to express our sincere appreciation for the co-operation and support given our legis- lative committee in the granting of increased state aid by the Thirty-ninth General Assembly, and that a copy of this resolution be conveyed to each senator and representative of Iowa. The granting of this increased aid is a recognition of the confidence our legislators have in county and district fairs as a factor in our commu- nities in the up-building of the agriculture and live stock industry of our state. Whereas: The Horseman has conducted a fair department in the inter- ests of State, District and County Fairs for the last ten years; and 202 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III Whereas: The continuance of this department depends entirely upon the degree of co-operation extended it by state, district and county fairs in the future; therefore, Be It Resolved. That the Iowa Fair Managers Association endorse the work done by this department and urge all fairs to co-operate with it in making it of still greater value to the fairs and expositions of America. There appears to be a lack of publicity in connection with the fairs of Iowa and especially the harness races, and that the results of races are not generally published in the Iowa papers, or recognized by the Press Association; therefore. Be It Resolved, That it be the sense of this meeting that a publicity bureau be established in connection with this organization, whose duty it will be to see that all news in connection with fairs, especially the fur- nishing of race summaries, be furnished the leading Iowa dailies and the Press Association, and that such committee be chosen in the same manner as the district managers. Resolved, That the Iowa Fair Managers Association go on record as opposed to the expenditure of the funds obtained from county and district fairs as membership dues for elaborate entertainment at annual meetings. It is the belief of the members that the purpose of the organization is to further the interests of the agriculture and live stock interests of our state. (Signed) CHAS. H. BARBER, E. A. GILES, R. D. HAWKS. Mr. Barber: I move the adoption of the resokitions as read. The motion was seconded and being ptit prevailed and the resolu- tions as read were declared adopted. President Estell : We will now have the report of the Credentials Committee by Chairman W. S. Weary. REPORT OF CREDENTIALS COMMITTEE To the Members of the Iowa Fair Managers Association: AVe, the Credential Committee do hereby beg to report that we find there are 73 members that answered to roll call, with 84 entitled to vote. We do further find that the following fairs have received state aid and haven't paid their dues in this Association for 1921: Corning, Vinton, Britt, Donaldson, Sheldon and Avoca. We do also find that the following new fairs that have received state aid and have not solicited membership in this Association: Milford, Dubuque, county fair at Dyersville and Fremont county fair at Hamburg, Iowa. Respectfully submitted, W. S. WEARY, C. H. TREBBY, H. S. STANBERY. PROCEEDINGS IOWA FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 203 Mr. Weary : I move the adoption of the report. The motion was seconded and being put prevailed, and the report was declared adopted. President Estell : We will now listen to the reading of the report of the Auditing Committee, Mr. L. W. Emery, chairman. AUDITING COMMITTEE'S REPORT To Officers and Delegates of the Iowa Fair Managers Association: Your Auditing Committee has gone over the treasurer's boolvs of this Association and beg to submit the following report: Receipts from dues, donations, etc., from Sept. 1919 to Dec. 12, 1921 $2,971.39 Disbursements shown by check stubs 2,763.88 Balance in Adair County Bank $ 207.51 This balance O. K.'d by phone by Mr. W. A. Goodman, cashier. Respectfully submitted, L. W. EMERY, J. C. BECKNER, Committee. i\Ir. Emery : I move the adoption of the report. The motion was seconded and being put prevailed and the report was declared adopted. President Estell : We will next have the report of the treasurer, Mr. F. A. Gatch. Mr. Gatch: The treasurer's receipts have been $2,971.39 and disburse- ments $2,763.88, leaving a balance of $207.51, added to what has been turned over by Mr. Bacon at ten o'clock this morning makes a balance of $1,021.72. That was just up to about ten o'clock this morning, leaving a balance now of $1,021.72, with the big end of this year's dues to be collected. It was moved, seconded and carried that the report of the treas- urer be adopted. Mr. M. E. Bacon: Mr. President and members of the Iowa Fair Managers Association : During the meeting today I made a report and I made a recommendation calling this Association's attention to joining, or taking out membership in the American Association of Fairs and Expositions. That membership would cost you fifty dollars. The state associations of Illinois, Wisconsin and Nebraska are members of that association and I understand the association of fairs of Michigan are going to apply for membership, and as the chairman of the membership committee is here, he is president of your state board of agriculture, he can tell you in a few words the benefits that this association would derive by taking a membership 204 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III in the American Association of Fairs. Mr. Cameron, will you ex- plain that to them please. Mr. C. E. Cameron: Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen: Being connected with the International Association of Fairs and Expositions for a number of years, being chairman of the membership committee, we have been very strict in regard to the membership of that association from the simple fact that their rates had to be so much and that they had to hold two suc- cessful fairs. There have been several delegations from the different states of the different county fair associations to become members of it. The matter came up for discussion after the committee had discussed it very thoroughly they decided to admit them, for this reason — the associations of Illinois, Wisconsin, Indiana and Ohio are members now. Nebraska Is going to make an application and spoke to me in regard to Iowa. I will tell you gentlemen the benefits that can be derived from becoming mem- bers of that association. Y^ou know the international association of fairs and expositions has a membership of all state fairs and expositions in the United States and most of Canada. Every year it gets together a bunch of men who are experts on fair matters. Now each one of these delegates is entitled to a vote in it and to have one man at this meeting. Now that way all the delegates coming to this meeting can listen to the reports of the different fairs and things of that kind, can go home and make a report at your annual meeting just what has taken place, what are the best results of these fairs. The way we look upon this matter is this, it is you gentlemen representing the Iowa Fair Managers Association that makes our fairs a success, it is through you we get the exhibits of these great state fairs all over the United States, and the membership of the International Association took that matter under consideration and thought as long as they were the people who made the state fairs through their exhibits, through influence with the state fairs in their states, that we should admit them as members in the association. I think it is a good thing. If you would send a delegate to our annual meeting of this international associa- tion of fairs and expositions, that delegate could come back and report on what has been doing all over and the state fairs are just the same but upon a larger scale than the county fairs and could come back to you with some ideas and things that I think would be abenefit to you. I think it a good thing. Mr. Barber : I move that the Iowa Fair ^Managers Association make application for membership in the International Association of Fairs and Expositions. Mr. Bacon : I would like to ofifer an amendment to that motion that the board of directors be directed to send a delegate. The motion as amended was seconded, and on being put was carried. President Estell : There is another matter Mr. Bacon has to bring up at this time. PROCEEDINGS IOWA FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 205 Mr. Bacon: Another matter I mentioned in my report tliis morning, yon remember, up until the past year we have always been holding a spring meeting in Iowa. Some of these meetings have not been attended as they should have been. It has been suggested by other people to me to put it in the report I made today and bring this matter to your attention. President Estell : Let's have some discussion on this. It seems to me that this stiggestion is a mighty good one, one that should be carried out. A ]\Iember : The proposition presented by Mr. Bacon is one that every secretary of a fair in Iowa should give heed to. It is getting in our fair organizations so we must pay more attention to these attractions. Some of these exhibit people that are here perhaps will want to take me out and shoot me, but I am going to talk real plain. Some of the attractions being put over at these fairs in Iowa ought to be canned. The fair managers of Iowa should get together with the board of directors and stai'vdardize some of the attractions ; in other words should get together and make a blue book of attractions and promoters of attractions that are responsible. This fair man- agers association should draw up a form of contract and do away with a whole lot of this substitution that is put over by irresponsible agencies. They are peddled around and every one of you have got on your desk right now, you have had a thousand announcements. They are growing up like weeds. Our fair last year paid good money to what we considered a reputable agency ; when we got the line-up we got a bunch of junk. It was rotten. Let's pay fair prices for attractions. Let's analyse these attractions, let's see whether they will fit our communities, and let's btiy attractions from attraction companies that are reputable and are in a legitimate business, and let's get some of the others weeded out. I would like to add that the state fair board of Iowa can give to the county fairs and district fairs of Iowa a whole lot of help by lending their experience in securing attractions to this organization. And we should ask their co-opera- tion and what is not good enough for the state fair should not be good enough for the county or district fair. President Estell : Are there any other remarks ? Mr. Barber: I vote against the spring meeting for this reason. There are three or four or five different groups of fairs that have their meetings in the spring, and you would have about twenty-five or thirty this year. Ofif in the northwest part we have a meeting in Sioux City every year. Fifteen or twenty meet there at headquarters. We have one in northern Iowa and so on over the state, and a great 206 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III many of the fair members on my board don't feel it is worth the ex- pense of sending me 150 or 200 miles to attend a meeting of this kind when we are obliged to attend the district meeting representing our own race circuit. That is sometime during the spring. I don't care to attend three or four meetings in a year. We have the general meeting in our own location w^here ten or fifteen get together. I am sure if you have a meeting in the spring twenty-five or thirty may come, but I don't think you will get any meeting at all like you have here. President Estell : Does anyone wish to make a motion? Are there any who wish to talk further on this subject? Do you wish to take any action in regard to the remarks made by the gentleman as to weeding out some of the attractions companies that are trying to do business in the state at the present time or do you believe that the fair secretaries should handle that matter themselvs. A ^Member : We are here for experience and giving our experi- ence, and I possibly am treading on dangerous ground, but how many of you secretaries that buy fireworks take your program and check them up and see whether you get all you pay for or not? We did twice and made money both times. President Estell : This is quite interesting. Has any one another story to tell ? A Member : I had a little experience along the same line as the gentleman who just spoke here. A year ago last fall at the time of the fair I had some attractions booked and the morning of the first day of the fair the booking agent came to the fair and he says : *'Mr. Scow, it is impossible for me to furnish some of the attractions we have booked." I said: 'Tf you can furnish me some just as good, all well and good." He told me what he was going to furnish me. I said you can't give that kind of stuff with that amount of money. He says : "You will have to take this or we will pull the whole thing ofi^ of the grounds." That is the experience I have had with one booking agency. The same thing happened last fall, just about a week before the fair I got notice from the booking agency that there \vas two acts it would be impossible for them to furnish and they would have to substitute something else. You will find in their contracts that these booking agencies have a clause in there that they can substitute at any time prior to the time of your fair with any act that they are PROCEEDINGS IOWA FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 207 a mind to give you, and I think that these contracts we sign up for these free acts ought to be looked over a Httle more carefully and not all be one-sided. President Estell : Just as a suggestion, gentlemen, I was wonder- ing what was your notion about this association appointing a com- mittee possibly to confer with the state fair board in regard to the various attraction companies. I just simply offer that as a suggestion for further discussion. A Member: ]\Ir. Chairman, as just has been said, this is a sugges- tion, that a resolution or anything along that line would be of no benefit to any fair secretary. I think the proper thing when a fair secretary goes to buy free acts he has to use his own judgment, and have a contract to that eft'ect that the attraction is one hundred per cent satisfactory to the fair board, and most of the good booking agencies will do that. There are a few agencies that do not give this kind of contracts but you go to any good booking agency and ask for a contract for one hundred per cent delivery I don't think there will be any question about it. \A'e know there are the independent acts we buy some of us once in a while put up a bond to the eft'ect of their appearance and also to their quality. But I think that is up to the fair secretaries and not to the state fair management. A ^lember: It seems to me that the attraction man is the goat at this meeting. We bought attractions for years and often had them substitute different attractions for the one we bought, perhaps a man would die in the troupe or something like that would happen, but as yet we never had any substitution but what was better than what we originally bought. :\Ir. ]\I. E. Bacon : As I have been engaged in the attraction busi- ness off and on for about nine years and I am secretary of a fair in Iowa and have been secretary of the Iowa fairs for the past four years and I want to say this to you gentlemen, that you should not condemn all the booking offices for what one or two irresponsible booking men might do. There are four or five high-class booking offices doing business that do business on a legitimate square basis, and when they substitute in a case of substitution with you, some- times as Mr. Stewart tells you they can't avoid it. They are on the square and when they sell an attraction they do their utmost to de- liver it to you, and I will dare say any of you, I don't care what agency you deal with of the responsible ones, when they substitute they try to get you something better than what you had already con- 208 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III tracted for. There are some irresponsible people in the business and there are people that will lie to you, but that is up to your own fair committees buying your attractions. You can no doubt draw up a resolution or anything of this association and send it broadcast to the different secretaries, but it is eventually with you whether they live up to them or not. You can't enforce it, no law that says that somebody can't do business in this state. If some of you fair secre- taries have been lied to, have been misled, you can tell your brother secretaries, but don't condemn all people that do business in a square, legitimate way. A Member : I should have added while I was up, something along the line of Mr. Bacon. We have been doing business, we have bought attractions and we never have been substituted on but once and they had good reason, that was during the war when transporta- tion fixed things so they could not get there. If you do business with a responsible agency, and there are responsible agencies, you ain't going to have any trouble about the delivery of the goods. I might also add along with my other talk we didn't have any trouble in settlement with the fireworks company. We just showed them that they didn't send according to the program and settled that way, but if we hadn't checked them out we would have been out some- thing. President Estell : Any further discussion, gentlemen ? Does any- body wish to bring up any other tmfinished business at this time? If not l^lr. Bacon will take charge of the question box which is quite well filled and it looks quite interesting. Mr. Bacon: Gentlemen, when we arranged this program and eliminated the entertainment features we have been having for the past two or three years it was suggested by the joint committee of the State Board of Agriculture and your entertainment committee to try to get something to be educational and beneficial to all you members. We have established what is known as a question box. Some of you men have deposited your questions here. When these questions are read don't be timid about answering them. We want your answer, that is what we. want. Let's get together; anything you don't know and anybody does know let's benefit by his advice. The first ques- tion, "How many of the fairs are there paying their treasurer a sal- ary, either bankers or otherwise? Mr. J. C. Beckner." Mr. J. C. Beckner, of Clarinda : I would like to explain that ques- tion. This year it came to the annual election and the Board of Di- PROCEEDINGS IOWA FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 209 rectors went to a bank and asked if they would like to have the treasurership. They said yes, for a hundred dollars. We didn't feel like paying it, so I wanted to ask this question to see who is paying any money to the treasurer, whether a banker or outside of a bank, that is what we would like to know. Mr. Moore : The Inter-State Fair at Sioux City does not pay the treasurer any salary. President Estell : What do you ask the treasurer to do, do you ask him to write checks ? Mr. Moore : No sir, I do the making of the checks. All we ask is for him to get the money that week, and work. He is a member of our board. A Member : Cass county has for many years had one of the bank- ers as treasurer. He has been charging on a percentage basis that cost our association something around about $125 a year. Two years ago it was shifted to an outsider and pay a salary of $50 for handling the business. A Member : With us, we are fortunate enough to have a Baptist preacher as treasurer. All the salary he charges each year is each one of the ministers of the county to come out to see a few good races and some of the sports. A Member: Marshall county has had the same treasurer sixteen years. He does not issue any checks, simply takes charge of the ticket sales at the fair. We haven't paid him any salary as yet and don't expect to. A Member : Hardin county divides the treasurership among three banks, each one takes their turn, and we do not pay anything, only the helpers at the ticket office. The treasurer looks after ticket sales and he has helpers to help in the ticket office. A Member : The fair at Osage does not divide the account among the banks, but the banks usually have to because it is always in the red. But they don't pay any salary to their treasurer. A Member: Carroll county has never paid any salary and has had the same treasurer for the last ten or fifteen years. He takes charge of the ticket sales, looks after that and checks it up, makes his annual report, has no pay for any part of it and loans us money at six per cent. A Member: In addition to our treasurer in Marshall county working sixteen years without pay, being a banker he loaned us $5,000 to get out of the hole after our last fair. 14 210 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III A Member: Decatur county fair don't pay any salary to the treasurer. He takes charge of the sale of tickets, taking care of the money and charges no salary. President Estell : For the satisfaction of 2^Ir. Beckner I want to ask all those who pay your treasurer a salary to please raise your hands. There are nine here. Mr. Bacon: The next question is, ''\\'hat is your fair asking for concessions for the year 1922? Carl Lutz, secretary Inter-State Fair at Alarion, Iowa." Mr. Beckner : I will say in the past Clarinda fair has always charged two dollars for the best stuff, and whatever they could get for the balance, per front foot. A Member : Harrison county charges two dollars a front foot. A Member : North Iowa Fair, Mason City, charges all the traffic will bear, from $4.00 down to 2.50. Wt find out they buy the $4.00 spots lots quicker than the cheap spots. That does not cover elec- tricity, just the ground. $4.00 a front foot. As soon as we can we get the $4.00. We get cash oh all contracts signed the Saturday before the fair, cash in full ; the others one-fourth down. A Member: Mr. President, from observation of fairs I have gone to there are a good many fairs set up three times as many concessions as they ought to have and charge more money for such concessions for the concessions to make money. We fill the ground up with concessions and they go away busted and they give your fair a black eye every time. We sell so much space and stop and we charge them a good big price for it. There is so much space we sell and then stop ; the other fellows must go on. Mr. Bacon : At Davenport we charge $5.00 per front foot for our space. We get one-half down with the contract and one-half on Wednesday. This year we are going to adopt the plan of trying to get one-half down prior to the fair, and when setting up getting pay- ment in full. Mr. Gatch was my concession man last year, had a good sale of space, had a lot of local people thought they wanted to go into the concession business, a lot of people out of work thought that was a way to make money. We had to stop selling, could not find any more space to sell. We are going to try to cut out some of our local people because they hurt your fair when they go into the concession business, they don't know the business, they come out losing money and the rest of the year they knock the fair because they didn't get rich. PROCEEDINGS IOWA FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 211 A Member : The concession business is like anything; else, if you know how to do it you will make money. If you don't know how to do it you lose and you lose just as sure as God made little apples. A Member: I would like to ask Mr. Pickett how long before the fair opens do you begin to sell concessions? Mr. Pickett : Any time, start now. I have sold some now for next year. Mr. Bacon: \\'e will have the next question. The next question is quite long so you will have to give your strict attention : ''We had a contract with 'Wolf's Greater Shows,' William J. William, man- ager, to bring their concessions to our fair. They paid down $50 and were to have exclusive rights on the rides and shows. On ^Ion- day the week of our fair we received a telegram from Mr. Wolf saying on account of railroad connections cannot make your fair, the same old excuse. What can we do with such people? iMr. C. P. Zimmermaker, secretary Cedar County Fair, Tipton, Iowa." There is one for you. A Member: I am from A\'est Liberty and I\Ir. Zimmermaker is a neighbor of mine. He made a mistake to sell the exclusive right for too little money. He ought to have got $500 instead of $50. A Member: In Buchanan county the same man you speak of did the same trick with me this year. He called Mr. Zimmermaker on Monday; he called me on Tuesday, he gave me a little over a week but he went back on me just the same. President Estell : Did anybody else have any grief of this kind? We haven't had any remedy yet. A Member: I would suggest requiring a larger deposit on the making of the contract. President Estell : That seems to be the best remedy we have over these men, to get all you can down, and get nearly all of it down. Mr. Bacon: The next question, "Would it not be possible for the fair association to co-operate in purchasing entertainment in order that the vaudeville entertainment might be changed from day to day. A. C. Bryan, secretary O'Brien county agricultural expo- sition." President Estell : He includes there that we had two fairs on the same week they might interchange attractions, change every day and have a regular Chautauqua circuit. 212 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III Air. Bacon: I will try to answer that for you. Attraction people cannot travel over the country like Chautauqua people, they could not go from fair to fair from day to day or every night with all their trappings and paraphernalia. All of you who have had attractions know they come in a day or two in advance of the fair, and they have rigging and apparatus it takes them some time to get set up, it would be impossible to try to have attractions, something different traveling from fair to fair each day. A Member : I am asking that question and I ask it because we have purely an agricultural fair, have no races, and our free enter- tainment is practically all our attendance. They see the stock at the fair one day they have seen it for the whole week. I was in Chicago recently and talked with the manager of the Western Vaudeville agency and talked with others. They say it would be possible to put on a middle of the week engagement, two in a week, but not change every day. I asked that to start a discussion. We are open for some fair that we could make connection close enough with. A Member : Mr. Chairman, I don't see where the changing every day would benefit the fair. I think we all ought to know we are buy- ing acts that are drawing crowds and doing us some good. They are only free attractions and if they are not drawing attendance what are they good for? 1 had an attraction this year, I don't want to mention the name, but it w'as a real attraction ; I know of people coming back the next day and the next day to see that attraction just as much as they came to see anything else. I think we ought to buy attractions that are going to draw the crowds. I believe we can do it if we use our head a little bit. I don't see why changing every day would do a bit of good. I know people came for miles to see this one attraction I had this year. I know it brought good crowds just the same as the races. I think possibly it brought more crowds than the races. President Estell : It seems to me that the solution of that problem is to get good acts, advertise them and draw the crowds in there. We will have the next question. Mr. Bacon : The next question, ''There is $100 held back by the state if a fair does not have the secretary at the agricultural conven- tion, said fair loses the $100. Would it be possible to have this money divided among the fairs that do attend ?" Mr. Corey: I may say that this law I believe has been in eff'ect PROCEEDINGS IOWA FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 213 three years and so far there has never been anything to divide up, they have always attended and got the hundred. President Estell : From what Mr. Corey says I don't beHeve we need spend any further time on this question. Even though it was divided up if one happened to stay at home we would only have a hundred dollars, getting a dollar apiece out of it. Mr. Bacon: The next question, ''Will the time come again when entrance money for horse races will be retained by the secretary? W. E. Rathbon, Elcjora." Mr. George White : Gentlemen, I hope it never does. President Estell: Mr. Curtain, you have just come in, we have a question box, and there has been a question deposited here, "Will the time come again when entrance money for horse races will be retained by the secretary?" Mr. Curtain : All I can say is that I hope it wont. Is that a good answer? I hope it wont, if you do I am afraid you will not have any horses at the fair ; that has been the history of the fairs that tried it out. A few of them tried to and it didn't work very satisfactorily. Mr. Bacon : The next question, 'Ts it advisable to issue pass out or return passes? If so, what is the best method of handling this to avoid imposition on the fair association? W. M. Clark, secretary Marshall county fair, Marshalltown. President Estell : You mean to outside gates ? Mr. Clark: Yes sir. I understand several fairs of the state, or some fairs, that give pass-out checks, no discrimination, anyone gets a check returns any time. I would like to know whether they find that a benefit and how they guard against imposition on these pass- out checks. President Estell : Anyone here guilty of giving pass-out checks at the outside gates and wants to admit it ? A Memt^r: We give pass-out checks at the outside gate. Have pass-out checks for the afternoon, also different checks for the even- ing, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday. These pass-out checks in the afternoon are not good after three o'clock and the evening checks are not good the next day. We have different colored pass-out checks for the different days and different colored pass-out checks for the night. The gate keepers are instructed not to admit anybody with checks in the evening that are pass-out checks in the afternoon. President Estell : May I ask do you have any circumstances in 214 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III your case, for instance, do you have automobiles parked outside and necessary for people to out and get lunch and bring it in? A Member : We park inside the grounds until the ground is filled up, then have to park outside. We probably give 150 pass-out checks in the afternoon and very seldom any pass-out checks in the evening. They have never yet got us into trouble. A INIember : We give pass-out checks at our fair, Hardin county, good up until four o'clock. After four o'clock these pass-out checks are not good. We increased the price of our fair to 35 cents, used to be 25 cents years ago, increased the price to 35 cents and met a good deal of objection to it, cut off the attendance quite a little for a year or two, then raised it to 50 cents and then they did kick. We issued pass-out checks so they could go up town any time they wanted to during the day, but not good after four o'clock. We don't issue any pass-out checks in the evening at all, never shall. We never had any trouble but once. A couple of boys came in and got pass-out checks and went up town and sold them for ten cents apiece. We got rid of that trouble and haven't discovered any serious trouble since that. Most everybody goes out during the day once and comes back. A Member ; Just assume I come up to your fair and pay my way in. I want to go out in the course of the afternoon and they give me a pass-out check. How can they hinder or know whether I come in myself on that pass-out check or turn it over to somebody else and they come in and the association loses half a dollar. I abso- lutely know that that is worked at our fair at times. What I am getting at is if we are to issue any pass-out checks at all it seems to me impossible to get along without them in some cases being imposed upon by the people turning around and giving the pass-out check to somebody else. Mr. Bacon : I will try to answer that question in the method that was used at Clay county when I was secretary there. We had a stamp made with the name of the fair with a moveable date on. When anybody went out, — we didn't want to issue pass-outs — when anybody went out we took this stamp and stamped them on the wrist, and they had to show that to get back in. Mr. C. E. Cameron : In my own connection with the Buena Vista county fair at Alta we have always given out a pass-out check. It is done because we want to accommodate, and we are probably differently situated than others, we have a park just across the road from the fair ground, and of course people bring their dinner with PROCEEDINGS IOWA FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 215 them and go over and eat there and then come back to the fair. I tell you if you accommodate these people that want to go out, I don't believe there is one pass-out check in a hundred that is abused, and for ninety people you accommodate they are all friends of your fair, and if anything happens they want to go out or have to go out and then have to pay you an extra fifty cents these people are not helping you and are not friendly as they should be. The way we do at Alta we have a different colored pass-out check every day ; for instance, we start out Tuesday with a white one, Wednesday with a red one and follow with a blue one and so on the check cannot be abused. A man that will stand outside waiting for a pass-out check to get in is not going to go to the fair at all and somebody has paid fifty cents to go into the fair and that abuse would be very little. And I think that every good fair for the convenience of the people, and especially the common people and things of that kind, ought to go the limit to accommodate them in every way when the abuse will be very small in coming back on these pass-out checks. As a rule nobody is going to go home from the fair when the program is not over and as a rule he gets the biggest part of your program, your attractions and every- thing in the afternoon and at five o'clock the show being over we issue no more pass-out checks after that. Just think for a moment how small the per cent would be of somebody trying to get in. If a man will stand out there an hour trying to get in he will go around some place and crawd under the fence anyway. I think the pass-out check is a benefit for every county fair because it is people from the country and the community where you are doing business you want to accommodate if you possibly can and make it as convenient for them to go in and out; they may want to go to the train to meet some friend or something of that kind, or an engagement, I think we can't go too far for the convenience of the people who attend our fairs. I am talking about the ordinary country fair, the more con- venient you make it for people to attend the fair the better they are going to be satisfied. A Member: We have just had fair down there two years. We find our greatest trouble down there is the farmers come in with automobiles and have to go home to do chores, and wdien they go home to do their chores it is all over, they don't come back the second time. I think the only thing to do as Mr. Cameron says, we can't make a mistake in giving a pass-out to go out and do the chores and come back to the fair. I think we will issue them next year, so the farmer who wants to go out to do the chores will come back. 216 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III Mr. Cameron : 1 want to say further in regard to the pass, while the admission is fifty cents it might do, but after five o'clock the admission is twenty-five cents, then it would be no use, that admits them to the grand stand. People on the ground you can't drive them out at night. Of course we usually have a canvas we can stretch clean around the ground to shut out all these people roaming on the ground. These people could go up in the grand stand at ar.y time for twenty-five cents. They pay the same as people outside after five o'clock. A Member: We followed Mr. Cameron's suggestion, the only difiference we charge fifty cents at the outside gate at night. After five o'clock they get a coupon entitling them to go to the grand stand. We used to give pass-out checks but they abused the privilege so we cut it out, don't issue pass-out checks. A Member : Where pass-out checks are used wouldn't it be better to have the party the check is issued to sign his name and then when he presents that check at the gate again have him sign his name so that would be proof it was the same party using the pass-out check that went out? President Estell : It is getting late, and while this is a very in- teresting subject, we have some more questions. We will proceed to the next question. Mr. Bacon: "What is the most practical method of collecting fares for the evening entertainment where the same crowd stay on the ground from afternoon until evening?" A Member : We have not yet held any night shows but contem- plate that matter, and some of our directors asked me to ask that question and have it discussed, get it answered by those who have had experience, possibly others might be in the same position we are. A ^Member : You can't clear the grounds, but if you contemplate having your night show in front of the grand stand and charge for admission, then you have solved your problem. You can clean out your grand stand and charge admission to the grand stand. Mr. Bacon : "How many secretaries refund advance payments made by concessioners where they do not appear? W. S. Smith, secretary Lyon county fair, Rock Rapids." The answer is, none. Mr. Smith : The reason I asked that question, it came up this fall with a man who said he had backed out of probably twenty-five or thirty Iowa fairs, didn't go at all. I got several letters from him PROCEEDINGS IOWA FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 217 vStating he got his money back from all Iowa fairs except one. I was wondering whether he was a Har or who. Mr. Bacon : Next question : ''Have any of the fairs put on a the- atrical play in front of the grand stand at night as a free attraction instead of fireworks, and if so was it satisfactory from all points." A Member : I handed the question in, and the reason I handed it in, the free entertainment in the day time some of them stated was the same at night. I was talking with a gentleman who said up here at Strawberry Point they put on a theatrical play and he said it was a success, they were going back there this year for a return engage- ment. So I hunted up the representative here today from Straw- berry Point, and he said that they put this company on clear across the track on a platform and he said he stood up in the grand stand to see if he could hear them, and he could hear just as plain as if they had been in an auditorium. He said they would be back next year. He said the crowd just cheered. He said it was a money- maker to them. He said they drew a crowd. A Member : There was a company came over a few years ago and put up a tent in town and killed our night show, and we begged and pleaded with the city council and finally got them to come across and now he comes to our fair and he shows at night, splits 50-50 with us. We have a big platform across the track from the grand stand and he has a stage and scenery and everything there the same as in a theater and put chairs on the racetrack just as thick as they can be, fill that whole thing full every night of the show in good weather. A Member : Down in Mills county we put on a musical show this fall instead of fireworks. Everybody was pleased with it. Had a stand across the track and we put a lot of extra seats down in front of the grand stand. Just put this show on instead of firew^orks and it brought them out. A Member : In Winnebago county our report of the grand stand admissions is nearly the same in the evening as it is in the day time. We put on a theatrical show three nights, three different plays. We attribute to that the cause of the crowds coming, all well pleased and they wanted that same thing over again. Mr. Bacon: The next question: "Have any of the fair boards in arranging free attractions confined themselves to independent com- panies ?" 218 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III President Estell : That is quite a big (juestion, gentlemen. Inde- pendent acts I presume is what is meant. I believe this largely refers back to the discussion we had previously and if it is satisfactory with the gentleman who asked the question we will take it for granted that his question has been answered. The next question. Mr. Bacon : "What does this body think of asking the legislature to levy a one-half mill tax to be used to help the county fairs of the state ?" Mr. Barber : I wonder if I could explain a law that Cerro Gordo county and Marshall county were instrumental in having passed last winter. In Marshall county and Cerro Gordo county acting under a law on the statute books which permits boards of supervisors to levy a half mill tax for the building of buildings or payment of debts on old buildings, our board of supervisors have levied a tax for this year and it has gone on record for three more years, and we have anticipated that levy and spent about six thousand dollars of it this year, building a fine barn and borrowing some more money and to make it sure the members of the board of supervisors are on the fair board and also on the notes. A Member : This question has been worked on for four years. We have had it in our board of supervisors, I don't know how many men have gone and presented that, farmers, merchants, bankers and all have got the same answer. What I would like to have is this, that instead of "may" the law shall be "shall". There is a law on the books of the state of Iowa where the Farm Bureau money if they can show so many signers, how many it is I don't know. There is a law to that effect in the state of Iowa and why may we not have something along that same line. If you know how hard we have worked with our supervisors, how bad \\t needed this. A Member: We are getting $2,000 from the state. I am afraid if the legislature would insist on every county levying a tax to pay us, they would take back that $2,000. I am in favor of not killing the goose that lays the golden egg. A Member : Which would raise most ? A Member: I will take the $2,000. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. A Member : I think there is a lot in the board of supervisors being directors in the county fair. We got a thousand dollars last spring from the board of supervisors but I had to circulate a petition and get two-thirds of the taxpayers in Humboldt county and present that PROCEEDINGS IOWA FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 219 to the board of supervisors to get our thousand dollars. This was for a period of five years. That was the first money we ever received from the county. Mr. Emery : This county tax I think is a mighty good thing in more v^ays than in receiving the money. I think it is something that makes every taxpayer a partner in your fair. ^Nlost of the fairs I suppose are stock selling propositions the same as Clay county ; we have probably three hundred men interested in our fair as stock- holders, they are partners in the fair. Now we have got every tax- payer in Clay county as a partner in the Clay county fair. I was successful in putting this thing over and I think it is a mighty good thing in two ways, in the w-ay of getting money out of the county and the way of getting every taxpayer interested. I think if you fellows go after the board of supervisors right you will get it. The day that this law passed our representative wired me and I went before the board of supervisors, they happened to be in session, and they turned me down cold. After that however the board met one day later on. We organized a gang and we went up there. We went before our board and got it through just fifteen minutes from the time we got in the court house. Get a good spokesman and I believe if you boys w^ork it correctly you will get it. It is not only the money but it is getting these fellows interested, getting every tax- payer in your county a partner to the fair. President Estell : I believe it w'ould be rather interesting for us to know tonight how^ many of you men are receiving county aid at the present time. Let's see your hands. Let me see the hands of those fairs that are not receiving county aid. There are eighteen receiving county aid and fifteen that are not. Mr. Clark: Hardin county fair receives aid from the county indi- rectly. For instance, we haA^e got two, three or four carloads of crushed rock shipped up there from Afarshalltown, be on the side- track right alongside of the grounds and ordered the cars spotted there. Go to the supervisors and say there are three or four carloads of crushed rock down there and they will send county teams down there and by some mistake will haul that into our fair grounds. I think the first year the fair started sixteen years ago w^e got $500. That is the only direct money we ever got from the board of super- visors. A Member : Li Linn county we have two fairs, each of them receives $500 each year. 220 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III Mr. White: I think I have been secretary seven years down there and we have got $500 two different times. That has been about four or five years ago. Mr. Bacon : The next question, "I beheve that the county fairs ought to go into a mutual insurance so that the proposition of the state aid to the county fairs should be deducted and all these fairs that are unfortunate to have wind or more rainy days draw their association insurance to be paid according to the gate receipts show- ing up on the average years. I think a law ought to be passed in the legislature according to that. J. M. Olson, president Humboldt Agricultural Society." A Member : I think that should be referred to the resolutions committee. A Member : In regard to that, I think it advisable to wait until the insurance companies get this thing figured out. They say it is a loss. We better let them carry it until they get it figured out. Mr. Bacon : The next question, "How many fairs are receiving county aid." That question has been answered. , *'Why should death defying stunts be employed by fairs ? Does it increase gate receipts enough to justify expenditures?" Mr. Stanbery: We can all answer that question. We are all in- terested in trying to get money in through the gates. It has been my experience nothing gets them quite so fast as something that is death defying. If they thought somebody was going to get killed in an automobile there on a certain day we would not have enough room on our grounds to hold them. That is the God's fact and it is just as unpleasant for me as it is any other fair manager in the state of Iowa to put on an attraction that is hazardous and a dangerous proposition. I shiver all the time while the things happen on the fair ground that I am representing, but as long as they bring the people and increase our gate receipts that is the thing we have got to have. A Member : The reason I asked that question the American pub- lic is demanding more thrills. I see the managers of the amusement parks had a convention and they say they have got to get new devices, something more thrilling, more hazardous. All the world is wanting something more thrilling. My idea is why is it necessary to require a man to do something he is liable to get killed to give something spectacular and pay him a great big price to do that, will it increase the gate receipts ? For instance, a man that goes up on an airplane PROCEEDINGS IOWA FAIR MANAGERS ASSN. 221 and turns somersaults on the wings, people see that. They don't go to the state fair to see that, they would go to the state fair anywav. We had an automobile race and almost killed some spectators. We had a motorcycle race and almost killed some men running through the fence. We cut this out and have just as big crowds and I say what is the use of hiring a man to kill himself before the people. President Estell : This completes our program and we will now adjourn. PART IV Awards of the 1921 Iowa State Fair and Exposition. HORSE DEPARTMENT SuPEUiXTBXDEXT C. F. CuiiTiss, Ames. Iowa. PERCHEROXS Exhibitors — L. C. Altemeier. Xowton ; Amos Bros. & Sons. Mason City ; Frank Bedell. Spring-ville : M. C. Bitterman & Sons. Xora Springs : A. L. Cham]ilin. Amos: W. J. Dawson. Washta ; Dunhams. Wayne. Illinois: ^V. D. Grove & Son, South English ; Wm. A. Halo. Anamosa ; E. P. Hamilton & Sons. Garden Grove ; Ernest T^. Humbert. Corning; Iowa State Collogo. Ames; A. & J. C. Johnson. Lynnville ; Frank Koenan & Son. Shenandoah ; Lee Bros., ilitchellville : X. M. Leonard. Waukee ; .1. C. Rodman. Altoona ; Rookw^ood Farm. Ames: .T. O. Sing- master & Son. Keota ; J. E. Smith & Sons. Laurel ; K. A. Wilson. Xorwalk. .lUDGE A. L. RoBixsON, Pekin, Illinois. .Stallion Five Years Old and Over (.?.oO. $40, $30. $20. $10) — First. .1. O. Singmaster & Son on Marg 128218; second, Ames Bros. & Sons on Irida Boy 131693; third. E. P. Hamilton & Sons on Pompey 121691; fourth. Dun- hams on Master 137069; fifth. Frank Keenan & Son on Primo 132990. Stallion Fonr Year.s Old and I'nder Five ($.50, $40, $30) — First. J. O. Si-n.ar- master & Son on Maple Grove Trojan 138951; second. .1. O. Singmaster on Maple Grove Thomas 132542; third, "W. J. Dawson on Joli 156586. Stallion Three Tear.s Old and Under Fonr ($50, $40, $;]0. $20. $10. $10) — First. Dunhams on LeSuer 150878; second. J. O. Singmaster & Son on Maple- grove Coco 153092: third, Ernest L. Humbert on Robt. Olbert 151508: fourth. Ernest L. Humbert on Seigle 151820; fifth, Ernest L. Humbert on Governor Olbert 151508; sixth. Ernest L. Humbert on Guy-Olbert 151509. Stallion Two Tears Old and Under Three ($50, $40, $30. $20. $10, $10) — First, J. O. Singmaster & Son on Fairholme Lagota Jalap 157209: second. J. O. Singmaster & Son on Maplegrove King 158915; third, Dunhams on Optat 157092; fourth, Ernest L. Humbert on Minet II 157600; fifth, Ernest L. Humbert on Croford 157607; sixth, Ernest L. Humliert on Remus 162569. Stallion One Year Old and Under Two ($50. $40, $30. $20. $10, $10) — First, Rookwood Farm on Jardine 165358; second. L. C. Altemeier on Maltais Wayne 166954; third. J. O. Singmaster & Son on Maplegrove Chadwick 165649; fourth, J. O. Singmaster & Son on Iowa Lagos 166841: fifth. AV. J. Dawson on Deomore; sixth, M. C. Bitterman «S: Sons on Rivoli 164861. XATIONAL PERCHEROX BREEDERS' FUTURITY. Stallions ($65, $55, $50, $45, $40, $35, $30, $25)— First. Rookwood Farm nn Jardine 165358; second, L. C. Altemeier on Maltais Wayne; third. Frank Keenan & Son on Jalo; fourth, J. O. Singmaster & Son on Maplegrove Chadwick 165649; fifth, J. O. Singmaster & Son on Iowa Lagos; sixth. "W. J. Dawson & Son on Demore; seventh, M. C. Bitterman & Sons on Rivoli: eighth, Ernest L. Humbert on Rockway. Stallion Foal ($40, $30) — First, W. D. Grove & Son on Smith Creek Lagos Jr. 1CG5S7: second, M. C. Bitterman & Sons on Isaie Aurore. Mare Five Years Old and Over ($40, $30, $25, $15, $10, $10) — First, J. O. Singmaster & Son on Xacelle 99068: second. Dunhams on Moniton 106664; AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 223 LE SEUR Grand Champion Percheron Stallion. Dunhams, Wayne, 111. third, W. D. Grove & Son on Keota Hyacinthe 62257; fourth, M. C. Bitter- man &' Sons on Queen Maltais 138544; fifth, Ames Brothers & Sons on Rowe's Lassie 100934; sixth, Dunhams on Margie 127652. Mare Four Years Old anrt Under Five ($50, $40, $30, $20, $10) — First, J. O. Singmaster & Son on Hazel 146129; second, Dunhams on Lottie 142575; third, Ames Brothers & Sons on Diamond 2d 148839; fourth, M. C. Bitter- man & Sons on Falcon 136475; fifth, Ames Brothers & Sons on Liberty 143265. Mare Three Years Old and I nder Four ($50, $40, $30, $20, $10, $10) — First, J. O. Singmaster & Son on Jallop Beauty 150130; second, Dunhams on Bora 147968; third, L. C. Altermeir on Maltais May 152485; fourth, Ern- est L. Humbert on Pearl 150675; fifth, L. C. Altemeir on Diamond II 165359; sixth, M. C. Bitterman & Sons on Lady Jalap 152897. Mare two Years Old and Under Three ($50, $40, $30, $20, $10, $10) — First, J. C. Redman on Heritage 161214; second, J. O. Singmaster & Son on Maple- grove Hazel 158611; third, K. A. Wilson on Shadyland Queen 164286; fourth, Iowa State College on Maplegrove Florence 158612; fifth, J. O. Singmaster & Son on Maplegrove Topsy 158917; sixth, W. J. Dawson on Jamina 157570. Mare One Year Old and Under Two ($50, $40, $30, $20, $10, $10) — First, J. O. Singmaster & Son on Maplegrove Carrie 165650; second. Dunhams on Dunhams' Calistenette 164061; third, J. E. Smith & Sons on College Gem 159319; fourth, E. P. Hamilton & Sons on Maxine 166708; fifth, W. J. Dawson on Geneva 164320; sixth, N. M. Leonard on Mary Lee 165638. NATIONAL PERCHERON BREEDERS' FUTURITY. Filly ($60, $55, $50, $45, $35, $30, $25, $15) — First, J. O. Singmaster & Son on Maplegrove Carrie 165650; second, Dunhams on Dunhams' Calisten- ette; third, E. P. Hamilton & Sons on Maxine; fourth, W. J. Dawson & Son on Geneva; fifth, Frank Keenari & Son on Flashy Marseillaise; sixth, Lee 224 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Bros, on Lagnola; seventh, M. C. Bitterman & Sons on Blanchoisa; eighth, E. P. Hamilton & Sons on Gereldine, Mare Foal ($50, $40, $30, $20) — First, Ames Bros. & Sons on Rosella Ann; second, W. J. Dawson on Queen; third, Lee Brothers on La Maxine; fourth, M. C. Bitterman & Sons on Isaie May. »Iare and Foal (50 per cent each) ($50, $40, $30, $20, $10, $10) — First, W. D. Grove & Son on Keota Hyacinthe and Foal 62257; second, Ames Bros. & Sons on Rowe's Marie and Foal 91156; third, Lee Bros, on Castille and Foal 150262; fourth, M. C. Bitterman & Sons on Falcon and Foal 136475; fifth, ^V. J. Dawson on Ruby and Foal; sixth, M. C. Bitterman & Sons on Frances and Foal 82317. Junior Champion Stallion ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, J. O. Sing- master & Son on Fairholme Lagota Jalop 157209; reserve, Rookwood Farm on Jardine 165358. Senior Champion Stallion ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, Dunhams on LeSuer 150878; reserve, J. O. Singmaster & Son on Marg 128218. Grand Champion Stallion ($50, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, Dunhams on LeSuer 150878; reserve, J. O. Singmaster & Son on Fairholme Lagota Jalop 157209. Junior Champion 3Iare ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, J. O. Sing- master iS: Son on Maplegrove Carrie 165650; reserve, J. C. Redman on Heritage 161214. Senior Champion 3Iare ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, J. O. Sing- master & Son on Jalap Beauty 150130; reserve, J. O. Singmaster & Son on Maplegrove Hazel 158611. Grand Champion Mare ($50, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, J. O. Sing- master & Son on Jalap Beauty 150130; reserve, J. O. Singmaster & Son on Maplegrove Carrie 165650. Champion Stallion Owned in Iowa ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, J. O. Singmaster & Son on Fairholme Lagota Jalop 157209; reserve, Rook- wood Farm on Jardine 165358. Champion Mare Owned in Iowa ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, J. O. Singmaster & Son on Jalop Beauty 150130; reserve, J. O. Singmaster & Son on Maplegrove Carrie 165650. Get of Sire, Three Animals, FIther Sex ($40, $30, $20, $15, $10, $10) — First, J. O. Singmaster & Son; second, Ernest L. Humbert; third, L. C. Altemeier; fourth, E. P. Hamilton & Sons; fifth, Ames Bros. & Sons; sixth, ^\'. J. Dawson. Produce of Mare, Two Animals, Either Sex ($40, $30, $20, $15, $10, $10) — First, J. O. Singmaster «S: Son; second, Dunhams; third, L. C. Altemeier; fourth, E. P. Hamilton & Sons; fifth, Ames Bros. & Sons; sixth, M. C. Bit- terman & Sons. Stallion and Three Mares Under Three, Bred by Exhibitor ($40, $30, $20, $15) — First, J. O. Singmaster & Son; second, E. P. Hamilton & Sons; third, W, J. Dawson; fourth, M. C. Bitterman & Sons. Stallion and Three Mares Any Age ($40, $30, $20, $15, $10) — First, J. O. Singmaster & Son; second, Dunhams; third, E. P. Hamilton & Sons; fourth, Ames Bros. & Sons; fifth, W. J. Dawson. Five Stallions (Ribbon) — First, J. O. Singmaster & Son; second, Ernest L. Humbert. Premier Breeder's Prize (to the breeder of animals winning the largest amount in prizes in the Percheron classes) (Special Premier Breeder's Champion Ribbon or Banner) — J. O. Singmaster & Son. Individual Breeder's Prize (to the breeder of all first prize American bred animals in regular single classes) (Special Breeder's Ribbon) — Ed Seaman on Marg 128218; J. O. Singmaster & Son on Maplegrove Trojan 138951; Dunhams on LeSuer 150878; J. O. Singmaster & Son on Fairholme Lagota Jalop 157209; Rookwood Farm on Jardine 165358; W. D. Grove & Son on Smith Creek Lagos Jr. 166587; Martin Nelson on Hael 146129; John Taylor AWARDS IOWA STATE PAIR 225 on Jalop Beauty 150130; J. C. Redman on Heritage 161214; J. O. Singmaster & Son on Maplegrove Carrie 165650; Ames Bros. & Sons on Rosella Ann; J. O. Sing-master & Son on Keota Hyacinthe and Foal 62257. Exhibitor's Prize (to the exhibitor of animals winning the largest amount in prizes in the Percheron classes) (Special Premier Exhibitor's Champion Ribbon or Banner) — J. O. Singmaster & Son. SPECIAL PRIZES. Offered by the Percheron Society of America. Grand Cliainpion Stallion and Mare, Bred by Exhibitor (Trophy) — Dun- hams on LeSiier 150S7S; J. O. Singmaster & Son on J.-ilop Beauty 150130. BELGIANS. Exhibitors — E. L. Beard &. Son, Decorah ; J. August Carlson. Ogden ; W. T. Davenport, Bradgate ; W. B. Donelson, Ogden ; C. G. Good & Son, Ogden ; J. G. Hanmer, Ames ; Chas. Irvine, Ankeny ; low^a State College, Ames ; John Moon, Correctionville ; G. Muench, Ogden ; Simon Peterson, Ogden ; J. C. Ritchie. Strat- ford. Judge W. J. Kennedy^ Sioux City, Iowa. Stallion Five Years Old and Over ($50, $40) — First, E. L. Beard & Son on Kaiser 10140; second, W. B. Donelson on Jupiter 2980. Stallion Four Years Old and Under Five ($50, $40) — First, W. B. Donel- son on Pioneer Masterpiece; second, Chas. Irfine on Attraction du Fosteau 10815. Stallion Three Years Old and Under Four ($50, $40, $30, $20) — First, J. C. Ritchie on Irvinedale De Bree Eyck 11292; second, W. B. Donelson on Jupiter N. 11746; third, Chas. Irvine on Al de Bree 11696; fourth, J. August Carlson on Casino Jr. 11933. Stallion Two Years Old and Under Three ($50, $40, $30, $20, $10) — First, W. B. Donelson on Farceur Hero 12023; second, Chas. Irvine on Allen 12205; third, Chas. Irvine on King 12295; fourth, John Moon on Farceur Boy 12064; fifth, E. L. Beard & Son on Frisco 11913. NATIONAL BELGIAN BREEDERS' FUTURITY. Stallions ($50, $40, $35, $25, $20, $15, $15, $12) — First, C. G. Good & Son on Major Farceur; second, J. C. Ritchie on Louie de Macter; third, Simon Peterson on Farceur's King; fourth W. B. Donelson on Juan; fifth, John M. Moon on Long Tom; sixth C. G. Good & Son on Senator Farceur; sev- enth, J. August Carlson on Belmont Farceur; eighfh, Charles Irvine on Irvinedale Bob 12492. Stallion Foal ($50, $40, $30, $20, $10) — First, C. G. Good & Son; second, Iowa State College on Belmont; third, G. E. Muench on Farceur De Lamon; fourth, J. C. Ritchie; fifth, C. G. Good & Son on Oakdale Farceur. Mare Five Years Old and Over ($50, $40, $30, $20, $10) — First, C. G. Good & Son on Paramount Lulu 6014; second, Chas. Irvine on Irvinedale Rica 5294; third, E. L. Beard & Son on Lucy 5719; fourth, W. B. Donelson on Carmon Queen 6112; fifth, C. G. Good & Son on Oakdale Girl 6272. Mare Four Years Old and Under Five ($50, $40, $30, $20) — First, J. C. Ritchie on Bonnie 6553; second, John Moon on Dina Chestnut 6924; third, E. L. Beard & Son on Queenie 6306; fourth, E. L. Beard & Son on Lulu 6722. Mare Three Years Old and Under Four ($50, $40, $30, $20) — First, J. C. Ritchie on Janette De Maeter 7053; second, Simon Peterson on Echo Dale Charlotte; third, Iowa State College on Blaviette 7750; fourth, John Moon on Marvel's Queen 7778. Mare Two Years Old and Under Three ($50, $40, $30, $20, $10) — First, Chas. Irvine on Irvinedale Suzett 8342; second, C. G. Good & Son on Far- cuerette 8186; third, C. G. Good & Son on Farcetta SIS'^; fourth, W. B. Donelson on Nora F. 8146; fifth, E. L. Beard & Son on Rocelia 7964. 15 226 TWEXTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV NATIONAL BELGIAN BREEDERS' FUTURITY. Filly ($50, $40, $35, $25, $20, $15, $15, $10, $8) — First, W. B. Donelson on Farceola; second, TY. B. Donelson on Farce Juno; third, J. August Carlson on Belmont Minnie; fourth, W. B. Donelson on Farceila; fifth, Chas. Irvine on Springvale Katherine; sixth, J. C. Ritchie on Hazel De Mactes; sev- enth, E. L. Beard & Son on Sandra; eighth, John M. Moon on Carmen 2d; ninth, E. L. Beard & Son on Rose Marie. Mare Foal ($50, $40, $30, $20, $10) — First, C. G. Good & Son on Faretta; second, Chas. Irvine on Irvinedale Lizette; third, J. August Carlson on Belmont Lorette; fourth, Chas. Irvine on Springvale Beauty; fifth, C. G. Good & Son on Farletta. 3Iare and Foal (50 per cent each) ($50, $40, $30, $20, $10) — First, Chas. Irvine on Lista and Foal; second, C. G. Good & Son on Chere and Foal 2429; third. J. C. Ritchie on Lucile and Foal 6534; fourth, Chas. Irvine on Cora and foal; fifth, Iowa State College on College Dream and Foal 6762. Junior Champion Stallion ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, C. G. Good & Son on Major Farceur; reserve, W. B. Donelson on Farceur Hero 12023. Senior Champion Stallion ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, J. C. Ritchie on Irvinedale De Bree Eyck 11292; reserve, E. L. Beard & Son on Kaiser 10140. MAJOR FARCEUR Grand Champion Belgian Stallion. C. F. Good «S: Son, Ogden, Iowa. Grand Champion Stallion ($50, Reserve Ribbon)— Champion, C. G. Good & Son on Major Farceur; reserve, J. C. Ritchie on Irvinedale De Bree Eyclv 11292. Junior Champion Mare ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, Clias. Irvine on Irvinedale Suzette S342; reserve, W. B. Donelson on Farcula. Senior Champion 3Iare ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, J. C. Ritchie on Janette De ]Maeter 7053; reserve, C. G. Good & Son on Paramount Lulu 6014. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 227 Grand Chaiiipiun >Iare ($50, Reserve Ribbon)— Champion, J. C. Ritchie on Janette De Maeter 7053; reserve, C. G. Good & Son on Paramount Lulu 6014. Champion Stallion Owned in Iowa ($25. Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, C. G. Good & Son on Major Farceur; reserve, J. C. Ritchie on Irvinedale De Bree Eyck 11292. Champion Mure Owned in Iowa ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, J. C. Ritchie on Janette De :Maeter 7053; re.serve, C. G. Good & Son on Paramount Lulu 6014. Get of Sire (three animals, either sex; $40, $30, $20, $15, $10) — First, C. G. Good & Son: second, Chas. Irvine; third, J. C. Ritchie; fourth, C. G. Good & Son; fifth. W. B. Donelson. Proiluce of >Iare (two animals, either sex; $40. $30, $20, $15, $10) — First, C. G. Good & Son; second, J. C. Ritchie; third. C. G. Good & Son; fourth, W. B. Donelson; fifth, W. B. Donelson. Grand Display (stallion and three mares under three bred by exhibitor; $40, $30. $20. $15) — First. C. G. Good & Son; second, AV. B. Donelson; third, E. L. Beard & Son; fourth, J. C. Ritchie. Stallion and Three 3Iare.s. Any Ase ($40. $30. $20. $15, $10)— First, C. G. Good & Son; second, J. C. Ritchie; third. Chas. Irvine; fourth, C. G. Good & Son; fifth, E. L. Beard & Son. Five Stallions (Ribbon) — W. B. Donelson. BREEDERS' PRIZES. Premier Breeder's Prize (to the breeder of animals winning- tlie large.st amount in prizes in the Belgian classes; Special Premier Breeder's Cham- pion Ribbon or Banner) — C. G. Good & Son. Exhibitor's Prize (to the exhibitor of animals winning- the largest amount in prizes in the Belgian classes; Special Premier Exhibitor's Champion Rib- bon or Banner) — C. G. Good & Son. SPECIAL PRIZES. Offered by the American Association of Importers and Breeders of Belgian Draft Horses. Stallion Five Years Old and Over ($10, $5) — First, E. L. Beard & Son on Kaiser 10140; second. "\V. B. Donelson on Jupiter 29S0. Stallion Four Years Old and Under Five ($10, $5)— First, W. B. Donelson on Pioneer Masterpiece 1570; second, Chas. Irvine on Attraction Du Fos- teau 10815. Stallion Three Years Old and Under Four ($10, $5. Reserve Ribbon) — First, J. C. Ritchie on Irvinedale de Bree Eyck 11292; second, W. B. Donelson on Jupiter M. 11746; third, Chas. Irvine on Al de Bree 11696; fourth, J. August Carlson on Casino Jr. 11933. Stallion Two Years Old and Under Three ($10, $5, R., R. R.) — First, W. B. Donelson on Farceur Hero 12023; second, Chas. Irvine on Allen 12205; third. Chas. Irvine on King 12295; fourth, John Moon on Farceur Boy 12064; fiftb. E. L. Beard & Son on Frisco 11913. Mare Five Years Old and Over ($10, $5, R. R. R.) — First, C. G. Good & Sun on Paramount Lulu 6014; second, Chas. Irvine on Irvinedale Rica 5294; third, E. L. Beard & Son on Lucy 5719; fourth, W. B. Donelson on Carmine Queen 6112; fifth, C. G. Good & Son on Oakdale Girl 6272. Mare Four Years Old and Under Five ($10, $5, R. R.) — First, J. C. Ritchie on Bonnie 6553; second, John Moon on Dina Chestnut 6924; third. E. L. Beard & Son on Queenie 6306; fourth, E. L. Beard & Son on Lulu 6722. Mare Three Years Old and Under Four ($10, $5, R. R.) — First, J. C. Ritchie on Janette De Maeter 7053; second. Simon Peterson on Echo Dale Charlotte; third, Iowa State College on Blaviette 7750; fourth, John :Moon on Marvel's Qneen 7778. 228 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Mare Two Years Old and Under Three ($10, $5, R. R. R.) — First, Chas. Irvine on Irvinedale Suzette 8342; second, C. G. Good & Son on Farceurette 8186; third, C. G. Good & Son on Farcetta 8185; fourth, W. B. Donelson on Nora F. 8146; fifth, E. L. Beard & Son on Rocelia 7964. Junior Champion Stallion (Ribbon, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, C. G. Good & Son on Major Farceur; reserve, "W. B. Donelson on Farceur Hero 12023. Senior Champion Stallion (Ribbon, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, J. C. Ritchie on Irvinedale De Bree Ecyk 11292; reserve, E. L. Beard & Son on Kaiser 10140. Grand Champion Stallion (Gold Medal, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, C. G. Good & Son on Major Farceur; reserve, J. C. Ritchie on Irvinedale De Bree Ecyk 11292. Junior Champion Mare (Ribbon, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, Chas. Irvine on Irvinedale Suzette 8342; reserve, W. B. Donelson on Farcula. Senior Champion Mare (Ribbon. Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, J. C. Ritchie on Janette De Maeter 7053; reserve, C. G. Good & Son on Paramount Lulu 6014. Grand Champion Mare (Gold Medal, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, J. C. Ritchie on Janette De Maeter 7053; reserve, C. G. Good & Son on Paramount Lulu 6014. FiA-e Stalions, Property of One Exhibitor (Ribbon) — AV. B. Donelson. ENGLISH SHIRES. Exhibitors — E. P. Hamilton & Sons, Garden Grove ; J. L. Howard. Ankeny ; F. A. Huddlestun, Webster City ; J. C. Moore, Rushville, Illinois ; Tom Skola. Slater ; Smith Bros,, R. R. 5, Des Moines ; Trumans Pioneer Stud Farm, Bush- nell, Illinois ; C. S. Waltz, Creston. Judge A. P. Coon^ Lincoln. Nebraska. Stallion Five Years Old and Over ($50, $40. $30) — First, Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm on Edward Kersey 17277; second, E. P. Hamilton & Sons on Daniel Vulcan 16704; third, J. L. Howard on General Editor 13405. Stallion Four Years Old and Under Five ($50, $40) — First, Truman's Pio- neer Stud Farm on Milestone Quadrant 19013; second, Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm on William Dan Patch 17636. Stallion Three Years Old and Under Four ($50) — First, Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm on Hawthorne Advocate 18030. Stallion Two Years Old and Under Three ($50, $40, $30, $20, $10) — First, Tom Skola on Slater Echo 18524; second, Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm on Hobbs Lotts Bohemian 19016: third. F. A. Huddlestun on British Flag II 18663; fourth, Tom Skola on Tatton King 18772; fifth, J. C. Moore on Jack Dempsey 1S534. NATIONAL SHIRE BREEDERS' FUTURITY. Stallion ($50, $40, $35, $25, $20. $15, $15, $10, $10) — First, Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm on Royal Blusterer; second, C. L. Waltz on Harlaston 19167; third, F. A. Huddleston on Tatton Dray King; fourth, F. A. Huddleston on Edgewood Hengist; fifth, Smith Brothers on Revolution; sixth, J. C. Moore on Bobby Burns; seventh, C. L. Waltz on Minstrel 19166; eighth, F. A. Hud- dleston on Tatton Cononel. Stallion Foal ($40, $30, $20, $15) — First, C. L. Waltz on Dunsby; second, J. L. Howard; third. Smith Brothers on Standard Goods; fourth, J. C. Moore on Moore's Major. Mare Five Years Old and Over ($40, $30, $20, $15, $10)— First, Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm on Elder Mary II 17340; second, F. A. Huddleston on Zelda May 13258; third, J. L. Howard on Favorite Duchess 14273; fourth, J. C. Moore on Diamond Surprise 1739S; fifth, J. L. Howard on Elmland Eoquet 16526. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 229 EDWARD KERSEY Senior Champion Shire Stallion. Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm, Bushnell, 3Iare Four Years Old and Under Five ($40, $30) — First, Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm on Locking-e Bonny 17577; second, F. A. Huddlestun on Moulton Mae 1775. Mare Three Years Old and Under Four ($40, $30, $20, $15) — First, Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm on Williams Flower IX 18927; second, Tom Skola on Grove II 18595; third, J. C. Moore on Moore's Elveden 18040; fourth, Smith Brothers on Mercedes 18493. Mare Two Years Old and Under Three ($40, $30, $20, $15, $10)— First, Tru- man's Pioneer Stud Farm on Bushnell Starlight 18560; second, Smith Broth- ers on Heather Bloom 18921; third, Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm on Wil- liams Flower X 18930; fourth, F. A. Huddelstun on Edgewood Sunset 18659; fifth, F. A. Huddlestun on Edgewood Lucile 18662. National Shire Breeders' Futurity ($50, $40, $35, $25, $20, $15)— First, Tru- man's Pioneer Stud Farm on Westbrook Diamond; second. J. L. Howard on Severns Easter Eve; third, C. L. Waltz on Leona Creston 19228; fourth, J. C. Moore on Lucile B.; fifth, J. L. Howard on Royal Belle II; sixth, Smith Brothers on Gay Princess. Mare Foal ($40, $30, $20, $15, $10) — First, Smith Brothers on Miss Sun- ."^hine; second, J. C. Moore on Moore's Flash; third, E. P. Hamilton & Sons; fourth. F. A. Huddlestun 6n Mary Belle B.; fifth, J. C. Moore on Moore's Model. Mare and Foal (50 per cent each; $40, $30, $20, $15, $10)— First, F. A. Hud- dlestun on Marthel 17186; second, C. L. AValtz on Beulah Daisy and foal 17235; third, J. C. Moore on Diamond Surprise and foal 17398; fourth, J. L. Howard on Heale Easter Eve and foal 9003; fifth, J. C. :Moore on Cappel's Narcissus and foal 16S02. Junior Chanipion Stallion ($25, Reserve Ribbon)— Champion, Tom Skohi on Slater Echo; reserve, Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm on Royal Blusterer. 230 TWENTY-SECOxND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Senior Chaiupiou Stullion ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm on Edward Kersey; reserve, Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm on Milestone Quadrant. Grand Champion Stallion ($50, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm on Edw^ard Kersey; reserve, Tom Skola on Slater Echo. If - ' « ^^^HH^^HnK '^', ^^ ' '\ i ■ • ' m 1 SLATER ECHO Reserve and Grand Champion Shire Stallion. Tom Skola, Slater, Iowa. Junior Champion Mare ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, Truman's Pio- neer Stud Farm on Bushnell Starlight; reserve, Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm on Westbrook Diamond. Senior Champion Mare ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, Truman's Pio- neer Stud Farm on Lockinge Bonny; reserve, Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm on Elder Mary II. Grand Champion Mare ($50, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, Truman's Pio- neer Stud Farm on Locking'e Bonny; reserve, Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm. Champion Stallion Owned in Iowa ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, Tom Skola on Slater Echo; reserve, E. P. Hamilton & Sons on Daniel Vulcan. Champion Mare Owned In Iowa ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, F. A. Huddlestun on Moulton May; reserve, F. A. Huddlestun on Zelda May. Get of Sire (three animals, either sex; $40, $3(L $20, $15, $10) — First Tru- man's Pioneer Stud Farm; second, F. A. Huddlestun; third, Smith Brothers; fourth, C. L. Waltz; fifth, J. C. Moore. Produce of Mare (tvi^o animals, either sex; $40, $30, $20, $15, $10) — First, Smith Brothers; second, F. A. Huddlestun; third, Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm; fourth. Smith Brothers; fifth, J. L. Howard. Stallion and Three 3Iares Under Three Bred by Exhibitor ($40, $30, $20) — First, Smith Brothers; second. F. A. Huddlestun; third. J. C. :\Toore. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 231 stallion and Three Mares, Any Age (|40, $30, $20, $15)— First, Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm; second, F. A. Huddlestun; third. Smith Brothers; fourth, J. C. Moore. Fiie Stallions (Ribbon) — Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm. Premier Breeder's Prize (breeder of animals winning largest amount in prizes in the Shire classes; Special Breeder's Champion Ribbon) — F. A. Hud- rllestun. Kxhibitor's Prize (exhibitor of animals winning the largest amount in prizes in the Shire classes; Special Premier Exhibitor's Champion Ribbon) — Truman"s Pioneer Stud Farm. SPECIAL. PRIZES. Offered by tlie American Shire Horse Association. Chanipion Shire Stallion, Any Age (Silver Trophy) — Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm on Edward Kersey 17277. Champion Shire 3Iare, Any Age (Silver Trophy) — Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm on Lockinge Bonny 17577. Best American Bred Shire Stallion, Any Age (Silver Trophy) — Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm on Edward Kersey 17277. Best American Bred Shire 3Iare, Any Age (Silver Trophy) — Truman's Pio- neer Stud Farm on Lockinge Bonny 17577. SPECIAL PRIZES. Offered by the Shire Horse Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Grade Mares or Geldings Sired by Registered Shire Horses (10 Guineas) — First, G. F. Huston on Flora. Best Shire Stallion (Silver Medal) — Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm on P:d- ward Kersey 17277. Best Shire Mare (Silver :\Iedal) — Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm on Lock- inge Bonny 17577. CLYDESDALES Exhibitors — F L. Anderson. Ross ; G. Andrews & Son, Cambridge. Nebraska ; Evan M. Collister, Galva. Illinois ; Iowa State College, Ames ; W. M. Jackson. New Sharon ; James Kennedy, Utica. Illinois ; G. W. Merna. "Wyoming. Illinois ; J. G. Sage & Sons, Oilman ; Wm. F. Scott & Bros., Paullina ; J. E. Smith & Sons. Laurel ; A. G. Soderberg, Osco, Illinois ; South Bros., Orion. Illinois ; B. C. String- ham, Dexter ; L. C. Tice. New Sharon. Judge Andrew McFarlane, Palo, Iowa. Stallion Five Years Old and Over ($50, $40, $30) — First, G. AV. Merna on Proud Archer 20041; second, James Kennedy on Winsome Prince 21301; third, J. G. Sage & Sons on Afton Chief 17231. Stallion Three Years Old and Under Four ($50, $40) — First, Iowa State College on Peer's Stamp 21254; second, Wm. F. Scott & Bros, on Cedric Knight 21227. Stallion Two Years Old and Under Three ($50, $40. $30. $20) — First, J. G. Sage & Sons on Charming Archer 21247; second, F'. L. Anderson on Bril- liant Craig 21460; third James Kennedy on Langwater Buchlyvie 21288; fourth, James Kennedy on W^ayside Marcellus 21356. NATIONAL BREEDERS' FUTURITY. Stallions ($50, $40, $35, $25, $20, $15) — First, G. W. Merna on Archer; second, James Kennedy on Winsome Boy; third, B. C. Stringham, on Prince Allison; fourth, W^m. F. Scott & Bros, on Silver Dale; fifth. G. Andrews & Son on Wee Topaz; sixth, G. Andrews & Son on Young Topaz. 232 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV stallion Foal ($40, $30) — First, G. Andrews & Son on Tommy Topaz; second, B. C. Stringham on Stewart Junior. Mare Five Years Old aud Over ($40, $30, $20) — First, F. L. Anderson on Dorothy Vernon 13610; second, G. Andrews & Son on Sliy Ann 19863; third, W. M. Jacls;son on Princess Favorite 17901. Mare Four Years Old and Under Five (S40) — First. F. L.. Anderson on Cedric Baroness 20649. Mare Three Year.s Old and Under Four ($40, $30, $20) — First, Wm. F. Scott & Bros, on Lady Arg-osy 20SS1; second, G. W. Merna on Marie 21095; third, J. G. Sag-e & Sons on Mabry Chief" 20S66. Mare Two Year* Old and Under Three ($40, $30. $20, $15. $10)— First. G. W. Merna on Lady Archer 21334; second, J. G. Sage & Sons on Cambridge Rose 2144 2; third, James Kennedy on Clementine: fourth. G. W. Merna on Archerona 21333; fifth. J. G. Sag-e & Sons on Bonnie Elli.'^ 21 2 in. NATIONAL BREEDERS FUTURITY. Filly ($50, $40, $35, $25 $20, $15, $12, $10, $10, $8) — First, G. W. Merna on Hayfield Diamond; second, G. W. Merna on Archer's Maid; third, Wm. M. Jackson on Theda Peer; fourth, G. Andrews & Son on Mag-gie Topaz; fifth, F. L. Anderson on Dorothy's Jean; sixth, James Kennedy on Maid of East View; seventh, Wm. F. Scott & Bros., on Silver Leaf 21685; eig-hth, Wm. F. Scott & Bros., on Unity 21684; ninth, J. G. Sag-e & Sons on Queen II; tenth, G. Andrews & Son on Waiting- Maid 21868. Mare Foal ($40, $30) — First, F. L. Anderson; second, W. M. Jackson on Freda Peer. Mare and foal (50 per cent each) ($40, $30, $20) — First, F. L. Anderson on Dorothy Yernon and foal 13610; second, "\Y. M. Jackson on Princes.s Favorite and foal; third, G. Andrews & Son on Shy Ann and foal. Junior Champion Stallion ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, J. G. Sage & Sons on Charming- Archer; second. Reserve, G, W. Merna on Archer. Senior Champion Stallion ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, Iowa State College on Peer's Stamp; Reserve, G. W. Merna on Proud Archer. Grand Champion Stallion ($50, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, G. W. Merna on Proud Archer; Reserve, J. G. Sage & Sons on Charming Archer. Junior Champion Mare ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, G. W. Merna on Hayfield Diamond; Reserve, G. W. Merna on Lady Archer. Senior Champion Mare ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, F, L. Anderson on Cedric Baroness; Reserve, Wm. F. Scott & Bros, on Lady Argosy. Grand Champion Mare ($50, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, P. L. Anderson on Cedric Baroness; Reserve, G. W. Merna on Hayfield Diamond. Champion Stallion Owned in lovra $25) — Champion, J. G. Sage & Sons on Charming Archer. Champion 3Iare Owned in Iowa ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, F. L. Anderson on Cedric Baroness; Reserve, W. F. Scott & Bros, on Lady Argosy. Get of Sire, Three Animals, Either Sex ($40, $30, $20, $15, $10) — First, F. L. Anderson; second, G. W. Merna; third, James Kennedy; fourth, L. C. Tice; fifth, F. L. Anderson. Produce of Mare, Two Animals, Fither Sex ($40, $30, $20, $15, $10) — First, F. L. Anderson; second, G. W. Merna; third, W. M. Jackson; fourth, James Kennedy, fifth, F. L. Anderson. Grand Display, Stallion and Three Mares Under Three, Bred by Exhibitor ($40, $30)— First, G. W. Merna; second, G. Andrews & Son. Stallion and Three Mare.s, Any Age ($40, $30, $20, $15 $10) — First, G. W. Merna; second, F. L. Anderson; third, J. G. Sage & Sons; fourth, Wm. P. Scott and Bros.; fifth, G. Andrews & Son. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 233 Premier Breeders Prize (breeder winning the largest amount in prizes in Clydesdale classes; Special Premier Breeder's Champion Ribbon) — G. W. ]N4erna. Exhibitor's Prize (exhibitor of animals winning the larg-est amount in prizes in the Clydesdale classes); Special Premier Exhibitor's Champion Kibbon) — G. W. Merna. DRAFT GELDINGS AND MARES. Exhibitors — L C. Altemeier, Newton ; F. L. Anderson, Ross ; F. A. Huddle- tun, Webster City ; Geo. F. Huston, Waukee ; Chas. Irvine, Ankeny ; J. T. McKee & Sons, Carlisle ; G. W. Merna, Wyoming, Illinois ; John Moon, Correctionville ; M. C. Peters Mill Co., Omaha, Nebraska ; Wilson & Co., Chicago, Illinois. Judge J. G. Hanmer, Ames, Iowa. Geldins or Mare Four Years Old or Over ($50, $40, $30, $20, $15) — First. J. F. McKee & Sons on Harvey; second, J. C. Ritchie on Queen; third, J. F. McKee & Sons on Horace; fourth, J. F. McKee & Sons on Charlie; fifth,. J F. McKee & Sons on Jim. Geldins or Mare Three Years Old and Under Four ($50, $40, $30) — First, G. F. Huston on Flora; second, J. L. Howard on Beauty; third, J. C. Ritchie on Blue Belle. Gelding or Mare Two Years Old and Vnder Three ($50) — First, J. C. Ritchie on Bessie. Gelding or Mare One Year Old and Under Two ($50, $40, $30) — First, G. F. Huston on Beauty; second, G. F. Huston on Black Topsy; third, J. C. Ritchie on Belle. Horse or Filly Foal ($50) — First, J. C. Ritchie on Gladys. Farmer's Team ($125 Harness, $40, $30, $20, $15) — First, J. C. Ritchie; sec- ond, F. A. Huddlestun; third, Chas. Irvine; fourth, Ames Brothers & Sons; fifth, L. C. Altemeier. Four-Horse Team ($50, $40) — First, J. C. Ritchie; second, J. F. McKee & Sons. Gelding or Mare Three Years Old or Over ($50, $40, $30, $20, $15) — First, Wilson & Co. on Major; second, Wilson & Co. on College Prince; third, Wil- son & Co. on Bruce; fourth, Wilson & Co. on Merna; fifth, Wilson & Co. on Samuda. Draft Team in Harness ($50, $40, $30) — First, Wilson & Co.; second, Wil- son & Co.; third, J. F. McKee & Sons. Champion Gelding or Mare ($50, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, Wilson & Co. on Major; reserve, Wilson & Co. on College Prince. Four-Horse Team ($150) — Wilson & Co. SIx-Hor.se Team ($150) — Wilson & Co. SPECIAL PRIZE. Offered by the M. C. Peters Mill Company, Omaha, Nebraska. Exhibitor Having the Best Conditioned Herd of Horses Exhibited at the Iowa State Fair (Silver Loving Cup) — C. G. Good & Son. STABLE MANAGER'S PRIZE. To 31anagcrs and Suiierintendents of the Stables Winning the Cireatest \umber of Ribbons (either blue, red, white or pink, in Draft Horse division; $50, $25, $15, $10) — First, J. O. Singmaster & Son; second, J. C. Ritchie; third, C. G. Good & Son; fourth, Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm. 234 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV STABLE DECORATIONS. For Best Stable Decoration (neatest and most attractive Draft Horse ex- hibit; $40, $25, $20, $15) — First, J. O. Singmaster & Son; second, F. A. Hud- dlestun; third, Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm; fourth, Dunliams. HORSE SHOW DIVISION. ROADSTERS. Exhibitors — Thos. Bass, Mexico. Missouri ; A. L. Champlin. Ames ; H. C. Downing, Des Moines ; R. F. Glanz, Wellman ; GrifRn & Robinson. Riverside ; Delia Lemon. Winnipeg. Canada ; J. J. Manbeck, Des Moines ; C. E. Monahan, Des Moines ; R. G. Munday, Columbia, Missouri ; A. Nickalls, Ames ; M. C. Peters Mill Co., Omaha. Nebraska ; Quisenberry & Swaithes, Hamilton, Missouri. Judge Henry Cullens, Devon, Pennsylvania. Judge E. B. Clancy, Guelph. Ontario. Stallion, Mare or Gelding: ($50, $40, $30, $20) — First, Delia Lemon on Tin Lizzie; second, Quisenberry & Swaithes on Prince Albert; third, Quisenberry & Swaithes on May Aubrey; fourth, J. J. Manbeck on Jane Wright. Pair Stallions, Mares or Geldings ($50, $40) — First, Quisenberry & Swaithes on May Aubrey and Cleo Roberts; second, Delia Lemon on Tin Lizzie and Lorette. Standard Bred Stallion, with Recoril of 2:30 or Better, Shown in Harness ($50) — ^First, Quisenberry & Swithes on Prince Albert. RUNABOUTS. Exhibitors — Thos. Bass, Mexico, Missouri ; A. L. Champlin. Ames ; Chesney Farms. Lake Villa, Illinois ; R. F. Glanz, Wellman ; GrifRn & Robinson. River- side ; Delia Lemon, Winnipeg, Canada ; C. E. Monahan. Des Moines ; R. G. Mun- day, Columbia. Missouri ; A. Nickalls, Ames ; M. C. Peters Mill Co., Omaha. Nebraska ; I. M. Winslow, Winnipeg, Man., Canada. Judge Henry Cullexs. Devon. Pennsylvania. Judge E. B. Clancy, Guelph. Ontario. Stallion, Mare or Gelding: ($50, $40, $30, $20) — First. Chesney Farms on Bogohama; second, Irving M. Winslow on Perfect Dream; third, Delia Lemon on Tin Lizzie; fourth, Thomas Bass on Dave. Pair Stallions, Mares or Geldings ($50, $40, $30) — First, Irving M. Win- slow on Shawhill Boy and. Perfect Dream; second, A. L. Champlin on Ardin- sary Lattery and Tony; third, Delia Lemon on Tin Lizzie and Lorette. LADIES' TURNOUT. Exhibitors — Thos. Bass. Mexico. Missouri ; A. L. Champlin. Ames ; Chesnev Farms. Lake Villa, Illinois ; Earl M. Dixon, New Boston, Illinois ; Delia Lemon, Winnipeg, Canada ; C. E. Monahan, Des Moines ; R. G. Munday. Columbia. Mis- souri ; A. Nickalls, Ames ; M. C. Peters Mill Co.. Omaha. Nebraska ; I. M. Wins- low, Winnipeg, Man., Canada. Judge Henry Cullens, Devon. Pennsylvania. Judge E. B. Clancy, Guelph, Ontario. Single Mare or Gelding ($50, $40, $30, $20) — First, Chesney Farms on Royal Connaught; second, Irving M. Winslow on Shawhill Boy; third, Delia Lemon on Merry Maid; fourth, A. Nickalls on High Ball. Pair Mares or geldingrs, or Mare and Gelding ($50, $40, $30, $20) — First. Chesney Farms on Princess Patricia and Model; second, Irving M. Winslow AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 235 on Sbawhill J>u>- .-nid Perfect Dream; third, Delia Lemon on Pride and Mary Maid; fourth, A. Nickalls on High Ball and May Maiden. HIGH STEPPERS AND PARK HORSES. Exhibitors — Thos. Bass, Mexico, Missouri ; A. L. Champlin, Ames ; Chesney Farms, Lake Villa, Illinois ; Earl M. Dixon, New Boston, Illinois ; Delia Lemon, Winnipeg, Canada ; A. Nickalls, Ames ; I. M. Winslow, Winnipeg, Man., Canada. Judge Henry Cullens, Devon, Pennsylvania. Judge. . ., E. B. Clancy, Guelph, Ontario. Stallion, mare or g-elding- Under 15-2 ($50, .$40, $30 — First, Irving M. Winslow on Perfect Dream; second, Irving- 'M. Win.sloAV on Shawhill Boy; third, Delia Lemon on Pride. Stallion, Mare or Gelding- 13-S and Over ($50, $40, $30, $20) — First, Ches- ney Farms on Royal Victoria; second, Chesney Farms on Royal Alexandria; third, Irving 'M. AVinslow on Deanston Helen; fourth, A. Nickalls on High Ball. Pair Stalliou.s, mare or' geldings Under 15-2 ($50, $40 $30, $20) — First, Irving M. Winslow on Shawhill Boy and Perfect Dream; second, Chesney Farms on Model Queen; third, Delia Lemon on Pride and Mate; fourth, A. 1j. Champlin on Tony and Lady Greenhill. Pair Stallions, Glares or Geldings, 15-2 or Over ($50, $40, $30) — First, Irv- ing M. Winslow on Mountain Queen and Deanston Helen; second, A. Nick- alls on High Ball and May Maiden; third, Delia Lemon on Le Roy and Mary Maid. Stallion, Mare or Gelding, Any Height, Horse Alone to be Considered ,$50, $40, $30 $20) — First, Chesney Farms on Royal Connaught; second, Chesney Farms on Royal Victoria; third, Irving M. Winslow on Mountain Queen; fourth, A. Nickalls on High Ball. GIG HORSES. Exhibitors — A. L. Champlin, Ames ; Chesney Farms, Lake Villa, Illinois ; Delia Lemon, Winnipeg, Canada ; A. Nickalls, Ames ; I. M. Winslow, Winnipeg. Man., Canada. Judge Henry Cullens, Devon. Pennsylvania. Judge E. B. Clancy^ Guelph, Ontario. Horses Under 15-2 ($50, $40, $30, $20) — First, Irving M. Winslow on Per- fect Dream; second, Irving M. W^inslow on Sir Charles; third Delia Lemon on Radiant. Horses 15-2 or Over ($50, $40, $30 $20) — First, Chesney Farms on Princess Patricia; second, Irving M. W^inslow on Deanston Helen; third, A. L. Champlin on Rock Pride; fourth, Delia Demon on Merry Maid. TANDEMS. Exhibitors — A. L. Champlin, Ames ; Chesney Farms, Lake Villa, Illinois ; Earl M. Dixon, New Boston, Illinois ; Delia Lemon, Winnipeg, Canada ; A. Nick- alls, Ames ; I. M. Winslow, Winnipeg. Man., Canada. Judge Henry Cullens, Devon, Pennsylvania. Judge E. B. Clancy, Guelph, Ontario. Tandem Team, AVheeler Over 15-2 ($50, $40, $30, $20) — First, Chesney Farms on Royal Alexandria and Royal Victoria; second, Irving M. Wins- low on Deanston Helen and Shawhill Boy; third, Delia Lemon on Pride and Merry Maid; fourth, A. Nickalls on High Ball and Rock Pride. 236 TWEXTY-SECOXD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Tandem Teaiu, AV^heeler Luder 15-S ($50, $40, $30)— First Irving M. Wias- low on Shawhill Boy and Perfect Dream; second, Delia Lemon on Merry and Radiant; third, A. L. Champlin on Pactolus Prince and Tony. Tndem Team, Any Size Horses Alone to be Considered ($50, $40, $30, $20) —First, Chesney Farms on Royal Alexandria and Royal Victoria; second, Delia Lemon on Pride and Merry Maid; third, Irving M. Winslow on Shaw- hill Boy and Perfect Dream; fourth A. L. Champlin on Pactolus Prince and Top Notch. UNICORNS. Exhibitors — A. L. Champlin, Ames ; Chesney Farms, Lake Villa. Illinois ; Delia Lemon. Winnipeg. Canada ; A. Xickalls, Ames ; I. :M. Winslow, Winnipeg. Man., Canada. Judge Henry Cullexs^ Devon, Pennsylvania. Judge E. B. CLu^ncy^ Guelph, Ontario. Unicorn Team, 15-1 and Over ($50, $40, $30, $20) — First, Chesney Farms; second, Irving M. Winslow; third, Delia Lemon; fourth, A. L. Champlin. FOUR-IN-HAND. Exhibitors — A, L. Champlin, Ames ; Chesney Farms, Lake Villa, Illinois ; Delia Lemon, Winnipeg, Canada ; A. Nickalls, Ames ; I. M. Winslow, Winnipeg, Man., Canada. Judge Henry Cullens, Devon, Pennsylvania. Judge E. B. Claxcy, Guelph, Ontario. Road Four ($50, $40, $30) — First, Irving M. Winslow; second, Chesney Farms; third, A. L. Champlin. Park Four ($50, $40, $30) — First, Irving M. Winslow; second, Chesney Farms; third, A. L. Champlin. CHAMPIONSHIP HARNESS HORSES. Champion Harness Stallion ($100) — Delia Lemon on Le Roi. Champion Harness Mare or Gelding; ($100, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, Chesney Farms on Royal Connaught; reserve, Chesney Farms on Royal Vic- toria. STABLE MANAGERS' PRIZE. Managers or Superintendents of the Stables "Winning the Greatest dum- ber of Ribbons (either blue, red, white or pink, in Harness or Saddle Horse divisions; $50, $25, $15, $10) — First, Chesney Farms; second, Delia Lemon; third, Irving M. Winslow; fourth, Loula Long Combs. STABLE DECORATIONS. Best Stable Decorations (neatest and most attractive Harness or Saddle Horse exhibit; $40, $25, $20) — First, Chesney Farms; second. M. C. Peters Mill Co.; third, A. L. Champlin. SADDLE HORSES. Exhibitors — Thos. Bass, Mexico. Missouri ; Geo. S. Bole, Tulsa, Oklahoma ; Geo. Brandeis, Omaha, Nebraska ; Chesney Farms. Lake Villa, Illinois ; Loula Long Combs, Grandview, Missouri ; R. L, Davis, Kansas City, Missouri ; H. C. Downing, Des Moines ; D. Troop, 14th Cavalry, U. S. Army, care Capt. L. L. Meyer. Fort Dps Moines ; R. F. Glanz, Wellman ; Griffin & Robinson. Riverside ; AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 237 C. T. Hall, Cai'thage. Missouri ; John Hogan, Des Moines ; H Troop, 14th Cavalry, U. S. Army. Fort Des Moines ; T. W. LeQuatte, Des Moinos ; Delia Lemon, Win- nipeg-, Canada ; R. G. Munday. Columbia, Missouri ; M. C. Peters Mill Co.. Omaha, Nebraska ; R. L, Porter, Oskaloosa ; Quisenberry & Swaithe, Hamilton, Missouri ; Mrs. Adam Stirling, Des Moines ; W. C. Strock, Des Moines ; Albert T. Snow. Chicago, Illinois ; Woodcock «S: Wheeler, Chicago, Illinois ; John T. Wallace, Des Moines ; I. M. Winslow. Winnipeg, Canada. Judge Henry Cullens, Devon, Pennsylvania. Judge E. B. Clancy, Guelph, Ontario. FIVE-GAITED. Stallion Four Years Old and Over ($50, $40, $30, $20) — First, Loula Long Combs on Easter Cloud 4128; second, Loula Long Combs on Major Hiland 8674; third, Geo. S. Bole on Highland Choice; fourth, Thos. Bass on Astral Jones. Stallion Three Years Old and Under Four ($50, $40) — First, C. T. Hall on Kallwood Bob O Link; second, Thos. Bass on Bourbon Coller 8632. Stallion Two Years Old and Under Three ($40, $30) — First, W. C. Strock on Major Whirlwind; second, R. G. Munday on Royal Mack. 3Iare Four Y'ears Old and Over ($50, $40, $30, $20) — First, Loula Long Combs on Tiger Rose 12972; second, C. T. Hall on Sadie Satin 11260; third, Geo. S. Bole on Emma Evans; fourth, Loula Long Combs on Etta B. Dare. Mare Three Years Old and Under Four ($50, $40, $30, $20) — First, C. T. Hall on Pettibocker; second, Thos, Bass on Pheebe Dare 14167; third, C. T. Hall on Sattelite; fourth, H. C. Downing on Fatima. Gelding: Four Years Old and OA-er ($50, $40, $30, $20) — First, Loula Long Combs on Sherman Dare; second, Loula Long Combs on Judge Thurmond; third, Thos. Bass on Over the Top; fourth, M. C. Peters Mill Co. on Astral Dare. Gelding Three Years Old and Under Four ($50) — First, R. L. Porter on Diamond. Pair Five-Gaited Sad€lle Horses, 3Iaros or Geldings (Property of Exhib- itor) Ridden by Gentleman and Lady ($50) — First, Griffin & Robinson on Twilight Belle and Starlight June, Champion Stallion, Mare or Gelding- ($100) — Loula Long Combs on Easter Cloud. $1,000 SADDLE HORSE STAKE, FIVE-GAITED. Stallion, Mare or Gelding, Any Age ($250, $200, $150, $125, $100, $75, $60, $40) — First, Loula Long Combs on Easter Cloud; second, Loula Long Combs on Tiger Rose; third, C. T. Hall on Sadie Satin; fourth, Geo. S. Bole on Emma Evans; fifth, Geo. Brandies on Over the Top; sixth, H. C. Downing on Cigar- ette; seventh. Griffin & Robinson on Lonnie McDonald 7114; eighth, R. G. Munday on Rex Dillon. $500 JUNIOR STAKE. Stallion, Mare or Gelding Four Years Old and Under ($150, $100, $70, $50, $40, $35, $30, $25) — First, Loula Long Combs on Sherman Dare; second Loula Long Combs on Judge Thurmond; third, C. T. Hall on Pettibocker; fourth, Thos. Bass on Money; fifth, Quisenberry & Swaithes on Rex Shaw mut; sixth, R. L. Porter on Radiant Flyer; seventh, Chesney Farms on Ethel Clayton; eighth. Griffin & Robinson on Starlight June 13717. THREE-GAITED. Mare or Gelding, Any Age, 14-2 to 15 ($50, $40, $30, $20) — First, Loula Long Combs on Nellie Primrose; second. Griffin & Robinson on Grace Godlove; 238 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV third, Qvii.senberry & Swaithes on Elite; fourth, Qui.senberry & Swaithes on Dudette. Mare or Geldingr, Any Age, 15 to ir,-:: ($50, $40, ^'^0, $20) — First, Loula Long- Combs on Hazel May; second, M. C. Peters Mill Co. on Twilight Blue; third, Chesney Farms on Eva King; fourth, C. T. Hall on Madelon of Hall- wood 13670. Mare or Gelrting, Any Age, 15-2 anrt Over, and Lp to Carrying- 175 Pounds ($50, $40, $30, $20) — First, Chesney Farms on Mildred Star; second, Loula Long Combs on More Gold; third, R. G. Munday on Bonnie Blease; fourth, Chesney Farms on Gasconade. La€ly'.s Saddle Hor.se, Lady Rider ($50, $40, $30, $20) — First, M. C. Peters :\lill Co. on Twilight Blue; second, Loula Long Combs on Last Chance; third. Gritlin & Plobinson on Grace t^odlove; fourth, Quisenberry & Swaithes on Bon Ton. Pair Tliree-Gaited .Saddle Hor.ses, 3Iare.s <»r Geidings (the Property of One Exhibitor), Ridden by Gentleman and Lady ($50, $40. $30, $20)— First, Delia Lemon on Lorette and mate; second, Quisenberrj' & Swaithes on Bon Ton and mate; third. Griffin & Robinson on Starlight June and mate; fourth, Irving M. Winslow on Lassie and Maurine Watkins. Champion 3Iare or Gelding ($100) — Chesney Farms on Mildred Star. $1,000 Saddle Hor.se Stake, Three-Gaited ($250, $200, $150, $125, $100, $75, $G0, $40)— First, Loula Long Combs on Hazel May; second, M. C. Peters Mill Co. on Twilight Blue; third, Loula Long Combs on More Gold; fourth, Ches- ney Farms on Mildred Star; fifth, Delia Lemon on Lorette; sixth. Griffin & Robinson on Alice Clark 13715; seventh, C. T. Hall on Madelon of Hallwood; eighth, Thos. Bass on Nickel ITate. COMBINED HARNESS AND SADDLE HORSES. Stallion, 3Iare or Gelding, Any Age, Five-Gaited ($50, $40, $30, $20) — First, C. T. Hall on Sadie Satin; second, Loula Long Combs on Major Hiland; third, Thos. Bass on Jazz Peavine; fourth, H. C. Downing on Cigarette. Stallion, Mare or Gelding, Any Age, Three-Gaited ($50, $40, $30, $20) — First, Loula Long Combs on More Gold; second, Delia Lemon on Lorette; third, Chesney Farms on Eva King; fourth, R. G. Munday on Bonnie Blease. HIGH SCHOOL HORSES. Stallion, 3Iare or Gelding, Any Age ($50, $40, $30, $20) — First, Thos. Bas.s on Belle Beach; second, R. F. Glanz on Marvel McDonald; third. Griffin I'v; Robinson on Margaret Clark; fourth, :Mrs. Hazel Logan on Rambler. LOCAL, OWNED IN IOWA. Stallion, 3Iare or Gelding, Five-Gaited, Three Year.s or Over ($35, $25, $20. $10) — First, H. C. Downing on Cigarette; second. Griffin & Robinson on Lonnie McDonald 7114; third, W. C. Strock on "Windare; fourth, R. L. I'orter on Radiant Flyer. Stallion, 3Iare or Gelding, Three-Gaited, Three Year.s or Over ($35, $25, $20. $10) — First, Griffin «& Robinson on Twilight Belle 13716; second, W. C. Strock on AVindare; third, Griffin & Robinson on Starlight June 13717; fourth, T. W. Le Quatte on iMadison Girl. AMATEUR CLASS, RIDDEN BY OWNER. Stallion, Mare or Gelding ($35, $25, $20, $10) — First, H. C. Downing on Cigarette; second. Griffin & Robinson on Starlight June; third, T. W. Le Quatte on Madison Girl; fourth, R. F. Glanz on Marvel McDonald. AW'ARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 239 HUNTERS AND HIGH JUMPING. Exhibitors — A Troop, 14th Cavalry, U. S. Army. Ft. Des Moines; Saddler Jick Baker, C Troop, 14th Cavah-y, Ft. Des Moines ; Thos. Bass. Mexico, Mis- souri; Chesney Farms. Lake Villa. Illinois; D Troop. 14th Cavalry, U. S. Army, care Capt. L. L. Meyer. Ft. Des Moines ; H Troop. 14th Cavalry. U. S. Army, Ft. Des Moines ; I Troop, 14 th Cavalry, U. S. Army, care Capt. J. T. Merrizie, Camp Dodge ; Delia Lemon, Winnipeg, Canada ; C. L. Miller, Chaplain 14th Cavalry, U. S. Army, Ft. Des Moines ; R. L. Porter, Oskaloosa ; R. C. Wheeler, Chicago. Illinois; R. C. Woodruff, Captain 14th Cavalry. U. S. Army, Ft. Des Moines; Joseph Tuditsky, Captain 14th Cavalry, U. S. Army, Ft. Des Moines. HUNTERS. Li^Iit AVeiji^lit lliinttT.s 1. 1> to Carryiiis: l."»0 Poiiiids to Iloiinds (best per- formance over four successive jumps; $50, $40, $30, $20) — First, D Troop, 14th Cavalry, U. S. Army, on Patsy; second, Chesney Farms on Surefire; third, Delia Lemon on Loraine; fourth, I troop, 14th Cavalr3^ U. S. Army, on 1-14-37. Middle AVeight Hunters, Up to Carryiiis; 175 Pounds to Hounds (best per- formance over four successive jumps; $50, $40, $30. $20) — First, Chesney Farms on Underfire; second, R. C. Wheeler on Miss Middleburg-; third, Delia Lemon on Loraine; fourth, D Troop, 14th Cavalry, U. S. Army, on Daisy. Heavy Weight Hunters, I'p to Carrying: 200 Pounds, to Hounds, Best Per- formanee Over Four Successive .Jumps ($50, $40, $30) — First, Delia Lemon on Bon Ton; second, R. C. Wheeler on Val; third, "A" Troop, 14th Cavalry U. S. Army on Spud. Lady Hunter Ridden by Lady ($.'0. $40)— First, R. C. Wheeler on Val; sec- ond, R. C. Wheeler on Miss Middleburg-. Champion Hunter ($50, Reserve Ribbon)— Champion, Chesney Farms on Surefire; reserve, Delia Lemon on Bon Ton. Hunter Pairs, Light "Weight Hunters, up to carrying 150 pounds to hounds ($50. $40, $30, $20) — First, "D" Troop, 14th Cav., U. S. Army, on Davv^n and Skinnay; second, Chesney Farms on Surefire and Sunnybrook: third, "A" Troop, 14th Cav., U. S. Army, on Jim and Georg-e; fourth, "I" Troop, 14th Cav., U. S. Army. Middle Weight Hunters, up to carrying 175 pounds to hounds ($50. $40. $30, $20) — First, Delia Lemon on Bon Ton and Loraine; second, R. C Wheeler on Sunny Brook and Surefire; third. R. C. Wheeler on Miss Middle- burg and mate; fourth, "D" Troop, 14th Cav.. U. S. Army, on Daisy and Democrat. Heavy "Weight Hunters up to carrying 200 pounds to hounds ($50. $40.. $30) — First, Delia Lemon on Bon Ton and Loraine; second. R. C. Wheeler on Surefire and Sunny Brook; third, R. C. Wheeler on Miss Middleburg- and Val. High Jump ($50. $40, $30, $20) — First, R. C ^Vheeler on Sunny Brook: second, "D" Troop, 14th Cav.. U. S. Army, on Skinnay: third. "D" Troop. 14th Cav., on Dawn; Fourth. "I'" Troop. 14th Cav.. on T-14-3T. [MILITARY HORSES. Exhibitors — A Troop. 14th Cavalry. U. S. Ai-my. Ft. Des Moines; Thos. Bass. Mexico, Missouri ; A. L. Champlin. Ames ; C. T. Hall, Carthage Missouri ; H Troop. 14th Cavalry. U. S. Army, Ft. Des Moines ; R. G. Munday. Columbia. Missouri ; Capt. R. C. Woodruff. 14th Cavalry. Ft. Des Moines ; .Joseph Yuditsky, Captain 14th Cavalry, Ft. Des Moines. JUDOK Hk.nrv CrLLK.xs. Devon. Pennsylvania. JroGE E. B. Clancy, Guelph. Ontario. Gelding Suitable for Officer's Mount ($40. $30, $20, $10) — First, "I" Troop. 14th Cav., on 1-14-20; second, Jos. Yuditsky on Two Bets; third, "I" Troop, 14th Cav., on 1-14-8; fourth, "D" Troop, 14th Cav., on Skinnay. 240 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Stallion Suitable to Sire Cavalry Remounts to be Shown to Halter ($40, $30, $20, $10) — First, Griffin & Robinson on Lonnie McDonald; second, Thos. Bass on Astral Jones; third, A. L. Champlin on Pactolus Prince; fourth, G. R. Corbitt on Lunderstone James. HACKNEY. Exhibitors — A. L. Champlin, Ames ; Chesney Farms, Lake Villa, Illinois ; G. F. Corbitt, State Center ; Delia Lemon, Winnipeg, Canada. Judge Henry Cullexs, Devon, Pennsylvania. Judge E. B. Claxcy^ Guelph, Ontario. Stallion Four Years Old or Over ($40, $25, $15) — First, Delia Lemon on Le Roi 2054; second, Irving M. Winslow on Brigham Radiant; third, G. T. Corbitt on Lunderstone James 1642. Stallion or Mare Foal ($20) — First, A. L. Champlin, Filly Foal. Y^eld Mare Four Years Old or Over ($40, $25, $15, $10) — First Chesney Farms on Royal Victoria; second, Chesney Farms on Royal Connaught; third, Chesney Farms on Royal Alexander; fourth, Chesney Farms on Prin- cess Patrica. Mare Over Three Years and Under Four ($30) — First, A. L. Champlin on Miss Dainty 8347. Filly Over Two and Under Three ($20) — First, A. L. Champlin on Naomi 3418. Brood Mare with Foal at Side ($25) — First, A. L. Champlin on Fair Eliza and foal 3182. Champion Stallion ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, Delia Lemon on Le Roi 2054; Reserve Irving M. Winslow^ on Bringham Radiant. Champion Mare ($25, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, Chesney Farms on Royal Victoria; Reserve, Chesney Farms on Royal Connaught. Five Animals Owned by Exhibitor ($40, $25, $15) — First, Chesney Farms; second, Delia Lemon; third, A. L. Champlin. WELSH PONIES. Exhibitors — Earl M. Dixon, New Boston, Illinois ; Mrs. Adam Stirling. Des Moines ; D. G. Welty, Nevada ; F. R. Wilson, Colo. Judge , J. G. Hanmer, Ames, Iowa. StalUon Four Years Old or Over ($25, $15) — First, Earl M. Dixon on Model; second. Earl M. Dixon on True Blue. Stallion Two Years Old and Under Three ($25)— First, D. G. Welty on The Irishman. Stallion or Mare Foal ($25, $15, $10) — First, D. G. Welty; second, Mrs. Adam Sterling; third, F. R. Wilson. Mare Four Y'ears Old or Over ($25, $15, $10, $5) — First, Earl M. Dixon on Dainty; second, Mrs. Adam Sterling on Fickle 208; third, D. G. Welty on Diana; fourth, Mrs. Adam Sterling on Lynette on Montrose 984. Mare Three Years Old and Under Four ($25, $15) — First, D. G. Welty on Dynamite; second, F. R. Wilson on Lady Colet. Mare Two Years Old and Under Three ($25) — First, D. G. Welty on Fire Fly. Mare and Foal ($25, $15 $10) — First, D. G. Welty on Diana and foal; second, Mrs. Adam Sterling on Lynette of Montrose and foal; third, F. R. Wilson on Bamtenic Princess. Champion Stallion ($50, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, Earl M. Dixon on Model; Reserve, Earl M. Dixon on True Blue. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 241 Champion Mare ($50, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, Earl M. Dixon on Dainty; Reserve, D. G. Welty on Dynamite. Stallion and Tliree Mares ($25) — First, D. G. Welty. SHETLAND PONIES. Exhibitors — Frank Brideson, Bayard ; Geo. Brideson, Panora ; Earl M. Dixon, New Boston, Illinois ; R. G. Munday, Columbia, Missouri ; D. S. Reed, Pleasant- ville; Mrs. Adam Sterling, Des Moines; D. G. Welty, Nevada; F. R. Wilson, Colo ; Seth Way & Son, Des Moines. Judge J. G. Hanmer, Ames, Iowa. Stallion Four Years and Over ($25, $15, $10, $5) — First, D. G. Welty on Silver Crescent 1S892; second, Mrs. Adam Sterling- on Belle Meade Faultless 14459; third, R. G. Munday on Black Prince; fourth, D. G. Welty on Locust J, 16600. Stallion Three Years Old and Under Four ($25, $15, $10) — First, Earl M. Dixon on King of the West; second, D. G. Welty on Fire Flame; third, Mrs. Adam Sterling on Boston's Bounce 18255. Stallion Two Years Old and Under Three ($25, $15, $10) — First, Mrs. Adam Sterling on Aristocrat; second, F. R, Wilson on King of Ames; third, Geo. Brideson on Billy Boy. Stallion or Mare Foal ($25, $15, $10 $5) — First, D. G. Welty; second, D. G. Welty; third, Frank Brideson; fourth, F. R. Wilson. Mare Four Years Old or Over ($25, $15, $10, $5)— First. Earl M. Dixon on Suzanna; second, D. G. Welty on Princess Welcome; third, D. G. Welty on Romping Flash; fourth, Mrs. Adam Sterling on Ola Lango 15915. Mare Three Years Old and Under Four ($25, $15, $10, $5) — First, D. G. Welty on Larigos Lovelight; second. Earl M. Dixon on Zella; third, Mrs. Adam Sterling on Blossom's Bonnie; fourth, Earl M. Dixon on Ruthie. Mare Two Years Old and Under Three ($25, $15, $10) — First, D. G. Welty on Larigo's Best; second, Earl M. Dixon on Vera K.; third, Mrs. Adam Sterling on Daisy. Mare and Foal ($25, $15, $10, $5) — First, D. G. Welty on Romping Flash and foal; second, D. G. Welty on Princilla and foal; third, George Brideson on Fannie and foal; fourth, F. R. Wilson on Flora and foal. Three Colts, Get of One Sire ($25, $15, $10, $5) — First, Earl M. Dixon; second, D. G. Welty; third, Mrs. Adam Sterling; fourth, George Brideson. Champion Stallion ($50, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion," D. G. Welty on Silver Crescent; Reserve, Mrs. Adam Sterling on Aristocrat. Champion Mare ($50, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, Earl M. Dixon on Suzanna D.; Reserve, D. G. Welty on Larigos Best. Grand Display, Stallion and Three 3Iares ($25, $15, $10) — First, D. G. Welty; second, Mrs. Adam Sterling; third, Earl M. Dixon. HACKNEY PONIES. Exhibitors — Mrs. Adam Sterling, Des Moines. Judge J. E. Hanmer, Ames Iowa. Stallion Four Years Old or Over ($25) — First, Mrs. Adam Sterling on Lam- mermoor King. Mare Three Years Old and Under Four ($25) — First, Mrs. Adam Sterling on Queen of Edinbrae. Champion Stallion ($50) — Mrs. Adam Stirling on Lammermoor King. Champion Mare ($50) — Mrs. Adam Sterling on Queen of Edinbrae. 16 242 TWEiXTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV PONIES IN HARNESS. Exhibitors — Geo. Brideson, Panora ; Earl M. Dixon, New Boston. Illinois; Clias. Irvine, Ankeny ; R. G. Munday, Columbia, Missoiiri ; D. S. Reed. Pleasant- ville; Mrs. Adam Sterling-, Des Moines; D. G. Welty, Nevada; F. R. Yi^ilson, Colo. Judge J. G. Hanmer^ Ames, Iowa. Pony Under lOMs Hands ($25, $15, $10) — First, D. G. Welty on Locust J.; second, D. S. Reed on Beauty Spot; third. Earl M. Dixon on King- of the West. Pair Ponie.s Under IOMj Hands ($25, .$15. $10, $5) — First, Earl M. Dixon on King of the West and King De Luke; second, Mrs. Sterling on Captain Jinks and Larigos Firefly; third, D. G. Welty on Priscilla and Locust Jack; fourth, Mrs. Adam Sterling on Blackbird and Faultless. Pony 101/^ to 11% Hands ($25, $15, $10, $5) — First, Earl M. Dixon on Suz- anna D.; second, Mrs. Adam Sterling on Tuck; third, Mrs. Adam Sterling on Nip; fourth, D. G. Welty on Princess Welcome. Pair Ponies lOVz to 11^4 Hands ($25, $15, $10, $5) — First, D. G. Welty on Silver Crescent and Romping Flash; second, Mrs. Adam Sterling on Nip and Tuck; third, Earl M. Dixon on Zella and Ruthie; fourth, Mrs. Adam Ster- ling on Edinbrae Queen and Boston's Bounce. Pony 111/2 to layo Hands ($25, $15, $10) — First, Earl M. Dixon on Model; second, Earl M. Dixon on Dixon's Pattern; third, Mrs. Adam Sterling on Lynette of Montrose. Pair Ponies liy^ to 121/2 Hands ($25. $15, $10) — First, Earl M. Dixon on Mable and Pattern; second. D. G. Welty on Diana and Dynamite; third, D. S. Reed. Pony 121/. to 13Vj Hands ($25, $15, $10. $5) — First, Earl M. Dixon on True Blue; second, :\Irs. Adam Sterling on Fickle; third. Earl M. Dixon on Dainty D.; fourth, Mrs. Adam Sterling on Duchess. Pair Ponies l^Vz to 13i/. Hands ($25, $15) — First, Earl M. Dixon on True Blue and Dainty; second. Mrs. Adam Sterling on Fickle and mate. Pony ISYz to 14i/4 Hands ($25, $15) — First, Earl M. Dixon on Forrest King; second, Mrs. Adam Sterling on Lammermoor King. Pair Ponies l^Vz to 14i/^ Hands ($25) — First, Mrs. Adam Sterling on Lam- mermoor King and Fickle. Tandem Team Under 12i^ Hands ($25, $15, $10. $5) — First, Earl M. Dixon on Model and Pattern; second, Mrs. Adam Sterling on Nip and Tuck; third. Earl M. Dixon on Suzanna and Ruthie; fourth, D. G. Welty on Silver Cres- cent and Princess Welcome. Tandem Team Over 121/. Hands ($25, $15) — First, Earl M. Dixon on True Blue and Dainty; second. Mrs. Adam Sterling on King and Fickle. Fonr-in-Hand Under Hy^ Hands ($25, $15, $10) — First, D. G. Welty; sec- ond, Mrs. Adam Sterling; third, Earl M. Dixon. Four-in-Hand Over 12i^ Hands ($25) — First. Earl M. Dixon. Champion Harness Pony ($50, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, Earl 'SI. Dixon on Model; reserve, Earl M. Dixon on True Blue. Champion Pair Harness Ponies ($50, Reserve Pcibbon) — ChamiMon Earl M. Dixon on True Blue and Dainty ; reserve, Earl M. Dixon on Model and Dixon's Pattern. PONIES UNDER SADDLE. Exhibitors — Thos. Bass, Mexico, Missouri ; Frank Brideson. Bayard ; Geo. Brideson. Panora ; Chesney Farms. Lake Villa. Illinois ; R. L. Davis, Kansas City, Missouri ; Chas. Irvine. Ankeny ; R. G. Munday, Columbia. Missouri ; D. S. Reed, Pleasantville; Mrs. Adam Sterling, Des Moines; D. G. Welty, Nevada; F. R. Wilson. Colo. Judge .• . J. G. Haxmer, Ames, Iowa. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 243 Saddle Pony Under l^i/a Hands ($25, $15, $10, $5) — First, D. S. Reed on JJeauty Spot; second, Mrs. Adam Sterling- on Blackbird; third, D. G. WClty; fourth, Geo. Brideson oa Sparkle Suncock. Saddle Pony lOi/z to llVo Hands ($25, $15, $iU, $5) — First, K. G. Munday on Black Prince; second, D. G. Welty on Lady Starlight; third, D. G. Welty on Flora; fourth, Mrs. Adam Sterling on Nip. Saddle Pony lli/:. to" 121/2 Hand.s ($25, $15, $10, $5) — First, Seth Way &. Son on Tommy Trot; second, Mrs. Adam Sterling on Lynette of Montrose; third, F. R. Wilson; fourth, Geo. Brideson. Saddle Pony l^i/a to 13% Hand.s ($25, $15\— First. Mrs. Adam Sterling on Duchess; second, Mrs. Adam Sterling on Fickle. Saddle Pony I'dV^ to 14ya Hands ($25, $15) — First, Chesney Farms on Per- sonality; second, Mrs. Adam Sterling on Freckles. Champion Saddle Pony ($50, Reserve Ribbon) — Champion, Chesney Farms on Personality; reserve, Seth Way & Son on Tommy Trot. STABLE MANAGERS I'RJZES. Managers or Superintendents of the Stsible Winnin-g: the Greatest Xuniber of Ribbons (either blue red, white or pink, in Pony classes; $50, $25, $15, $10) — First, Mrs. Adam Sterling; second, D. G. Welty; third, Earl M. Dixon; fourth, F. R. Wilson. Itest Stable Heeorations (neatest and most attractive Pony exhibit; $30, $25, $20)— First, Earl M. Dixon; second, D. G. Welty; third, Mr.s. Adam Ster- ling. MULES. Exhibitors — ^Wyatt Carr & Son, Collins ; Thos. G. Hughes, Knoxville ; F. L. Hutson & Son, State Center ; J. W. Lisle, Jamaica ; Carroll McKibben, Earlham ; R. R. Topping, Dawson ; Capt. R. C. Woodruff, Ft. Des Moines. Judge Turner R. Haden^ Columbia, Missouri. aiule Four Years Old or Over ($25, $20, $10, $5) — First, F. L. Hutson & Son; second, Wyatt Carr & Son; third, Wyatt Carr & Son; fourth, AVyatt Carr & Son. Mule Over Three and Under Four ($25, $20. $10, $5) — First, F. L. Hutson «S: Son; second, Carroll McKibben on Maud; third, Wyatt Carr & Son; fourth, Thos. G. Hughes on Brownie. Mule Over Two and Under Three ($25, $20, $10, $5) — First, F. L. Plutson & Son; second, Thos. G. Hughes on Mickey; third, F. L. Hutson & Son; fourth, Carroll McKibben on Spot. Mule Over One and Under Two ($25, $20, $10) — First, F. L. Hutson & Son; second, F. L. Hutson & Son on MoUie; third, Wyatt Carr & Son. 3Iule Colt Under One Year ($25) — First, Carroll McKibben. -Mule Over 15 Hands ($25, $20, $10, $5) — First, F. L. Hutson & Son, second, F. L. Hutson & Son; third, Carroll McKibben on Maud; fourth, Wyatt Carr & Son. Mule Under l."> Hands ($25, $20) — First, F. L. Hutson & Son; second, Wyatt Carr & Son. Pair Mules Over 2,400 Pounds, to Be Shown in Harness ($25, $20, $10, $5) — First, F. L. Hutson & Son; second, Wyatt Carr & Son; third, J. W. Lisle; fourth, W^yatt Carr & Son. Tandem Team ($25, $20) — First, F. L. Hutson & Son; second, Wyatt Carr & Son. Four-Mule Team ($25, $15, $10, $5) — First, Wyatt Carr & Son; second, F. L. Hutson & Son; third. Capt. R. C. Woodruff: fourth. Capt. R. C. Woodruff. Five 3Iules, Any Age ($25, $15, $10) — First, F. L. Hutson .."t Son; second, Wyatt Carr & Son; third, Wyatt Carr & Son. 244 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Cliauipion Mule, Any Age (.$aU, Reserve Ribbon) — Chainpion, F. L. Hutson & Son; reserve, F. L. Hutson & Son. Champion Pair of Mules, Any Age ($50, Resei've Ribbon) — Champions, F. L. Hutson & Son; reserve, Wyatt Carr & Son. Cattle Department. SrPERixTEXDEXT H. L. PiKE, Whiting. Iowa. SHORTPIORNS. ExHiBiTORS-^W. F. Barber, Skidmore, Missouri ; W. T. Barr, Ames ; Bliss Bros., Diagonal ; Brandt Bros., Garnivillo ; P. O. Brown, Lamoni ; Buchanan & Eng- land, Bridgeport, Illinois ; G. H. Burge, Mount Vernon ; Thos. J. Dawe & Son. Troy, Kansas ; Dubes & Ohlson, Aurelia ; J. W. Dugan & Sons, Kingsley ; Edellyn Farms, Wilson, Illinois ; Ewing Brothers, Morrisville, Missouri ; A. R. Fennern, Avoca ; Lisle Fox, Dallas Center ; Glenwlld Plantation. Grenada, Mississippi ; W. E. Graham & Son, Prairie City ; Elsie Greve, Gladbrook ; S. C. Hagedorn & Son, Royal ; Hague & Girton, Fairfield ; E. W. Harmon, Marshalltown ; Wm. Herkelman, Elwood ; Owen Kane, Winner, Nebraska ; J, Kardel & Son, Walcott ; Krizer Bros., Eddyville ; H. C, Lookabaugh, Wautonga, Oklahoma ; Loveland Farms, Mount Pleasant ; J. W. McDermott, Kahoka, Missouri ; Theo. Martin, Green Island ; Miller Bros.. Britt ; Joseph Miller & Sons, Granger, Missouri ; L. C. Olloff, Ireton ; W. W. Parkhill, Sigourney ; Wilbur Plager, Grundy Center ; W. E. Pritchard, Avoca ; W. F. Rapp, St. Edwards, Nebraska ; May Belle Reese, Prescott ; Reynolds Bros., Lodi, Wisconsin ; Rookwood Farm, Ames ; Ben G. Studer, Wesley ; W. B. Tague & Son, Kirkman ; Geo. F. Thede & Son, Durant ; E. B. Thomas, Audubon ; Uppermill Farm, Wapello. Judge Wm. Drtden, Bfookline, Ont., Canada. Bull Three Years Old or Over ($90, $75, $60, $50, $40, $35, $30, $25) — First, Uppermill Farm on Coolshinney Broadhooks 953338; second, Geo. F. Thede & Son on Count Gainford 596478; third, W. E. Graham & Son on Maxwalton Pure Gold II 699946; fourth, Ewing Brothers on Royal Sultan 716223; fifth, W. F. Rapp on Scotch Beau 861639; sixth, Thos. J. Dawe & Son on Rose- wood Pride 787525; seventh, Ben G. Studer on Sultan Robin 431826; eighth, P. O. Brown on Cumberland Goods 749675. Bull Two Years Old and Under Three ($90, $75, $60, $50, $40, $35, $30, $25, $20, $20) — First, J. W. McDermott on Marshal Joffre 807343; second. Miller Brothers on Village Javelin 823719; third, Glenwild Plantation on Maxwal- ton Rodney 850358; fourth, Rockwood Farm on Point Venus 7S8197; fifth, Edellyn Farms on Gainford Nonesuch 950317; sixth, W. W. Parkhill on Coronet's Villager; seventh, Joseph Miller & Son on Sultan King 881276; eighth, Edellyn Farms on White Hall King 792762; ninth, Loveland Farms on Villagers Last 814602; tenth, J. W. Dugan & Son on Royal Masterpiece 920614. Bull, Senior Yearing ($90, $75, $60, $50, $40, $35, $30, $25) — First, Owen Kane on Edgecote Avon 960995; second, Edellyn Farms on Count King's Wood 873734; third, W. E. Graham & Son on Royal Champion 866975; fourth, A. R. Fennern on Cumiberland's Star 941468; fifth, J. Kardel & Son on Park- dale Bondsman 956105; sixth, W. E. Graham «& Son on Golden Dale 922529; seventh, W. F. Rapp on Silver Viscount 808024; eighth, Joseph Miller & Son on Cumbelan Matadore 926116. Bull, Junior Yearling ($90, $75, $60, $50, $40, $35, $30, $30, $25, $25, $25, $20, $20, $20, $20) — First, Bliss Brothers on Royal Sultan 980891; second, Dubes & Ohlson on Villager's Goods 924734; third, Edellyn Farms on Modest King 950631; fourth, Uppermill Farm on Villager's Wanderer 978595; fifth, Owen Kane on Edgecote Sultan 1001352; sixth, W. E. Graham & Son on AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 245 MARSHAL JOFFRE Grand Champion Shorthorn Bull, J. W. McDermott, Kahoka, Mo. Royal Lancaster 922551; seventh, W. F. Barber on Villager's Knight 957190; eighth, L. C. Oloff on Gainford Royalist 957642; ninth, W. F. Rapp on Vil- lage Emblem 958851; tenth, W. B. Tague & Son on Snowflake Dale 1013642; eleventh, Theo. Martin on Marquis of Laundale 1019411; twelfth, Ben G. Studer on Roan Sultan 947917; thirteenth, Ewing Brothers on Rosebud's Sultan 972696; fourteenth, W. B. Tague & Son on Prince Dale 193641; fif- teenth, W. T. Barr on Hiland Brampton 969444. Bull, Senior Calf ($90, $75, $60, $50, $40, $35, $30, $30, $25, $25 $25, $20, $20, $20, $20) — First, Hague & Girton on Revelanta Crown; second, W. E. Pritch- ard on Dale Sensation 1006053; third, Uppermill Farm on Coronet's Victor; fourth, W. E. Graham & Son on Village Champion 1003573; fifth, Rockwood Farm on Golden Knight; sixth, Owen Kane on Edgecote Royal 1001351; seventh. Miller Brothers on Village Javelin II; eighth, TV. F. Barber on Village Matadore; ninth, Loveland Farms on Silver Gift; tenth, Wm. Her- kelmann on Royal Standard; eleventh, Ewing Brothers on Secret Sultan 980209; twelfth, Krizer Brothers on Village Avondale 1003892; thirteenth, Ewing Brothers on Good Sultan 980206; fourteenth, Theo. Martin on Laun- dale Cupbearer; fifteenth, Joseph Miller & Son on Oakdale Guard. Bull, Junior Calf ($90. $75, $60, $50, $40, $35, $30, $30, $25, $25, $25, $20, $20, $20, $20) — First, Owen Kane on Edgecote Champion 1001350; second, Edellyn Farms on Lavender King 1004572; third, W. F. Rapp on Favorite Beau 1002808; fourth, W, E. Pritchard on Dale Crest 1006050; fifth, A, R. Fennern on Double Dale; sixth, L. C. Oloff on Avon's Last 1021934; seventh, Joseph Miller & Son on Oakdale Royal; eighth, Uppermill Farm on Villager's Mine; ninth, Thos. J. Dawe & Son on Mayflower's Pride; tenth, W. F. Barber on Village Radium; eleventh, Loveland Farms on Village Hero; twelfth, A. R. Fennern on Jealous Dale; thirteenth. 'W. E. Graham & Son on Young Max- walton, 1003575; fourteenth, Krinzer Bros, on Cainford Knight, 1009890; fifteenth, Miller Brothers on Villager's Memory. Cow -with Own Calf l>y Side ($100. $80. $75, $60, $50, $40, $30, $25, $25, $20) — First, Krizer Brothers on Bonnie Girl 721016; second, Joseph Miller & Son on Cumberland Bess V. 667925; third, "\V. F. Rapp on City View Rose III 246 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV 244241; fourth, Edellyn F;irnis on .Merry Mildred JiTo'JTl; lifth, Ben G. Stud^r on Lady Victoria VII 2o3SyO; sixth, W. B. Tague & Son on Juno Belle Hi 866284; seventh, Brandt Brothers on Sunny Leaf 213064; eighth, W. E. Gra- ham & Son on Glendaie Gwynne 5^5113; ninth, Geo. F. Thede & Son on Koan Victoria 169086; tenth, Bliss Brothers on Winifred iX 5686by. Cow Three Years Old or Over ($yO, $75, $60, $50, $40, $35, $30, $25,, $25) — First, J. W. McDermott on Crimson Lass 50712y; second, Joseph Miller & Sons on Cumberland Bess II 576194; third, Loveland Farms on Mina Rams- den 250425; fourth, Thos. J. Dawe & Son on Lail Rose 532110; fifth, Upper- mill Farm on Plainview Flora 530221; sixth, W. F. Rapp on Lady Pride 472947; seventh, Geo. F. Thede «fc So^^jon Victoria II 596467; eighth, W. W. Parkhill on Baby Sweetheart II 459^|^; ninth, Theo. Martin on Richland Roan Gipsy 211782. %' Heifer Two Years Old and tiuler Three ($90, $75, $60, $50. $40, $35, $30, $25, $25, $20) — First, Loveland Farms on Silver Mist 11 765344; second, J. W. McDermott on Gift Hope 9731SS; third, Glenwild Plantation on Lady Haye.« Dorothy; fourth, Joseph Miller & Sons on Miss Cumberland II 796142; fifth, Joseph Miller & Sons on Cumberland Lass 7959S7; sixth, Uppermill Farm on Villager's Lady VIII 814613; seventh, J. Kardel & Son on Parkdale Clipper IV 859796; eighth, Brandt Brothers on Lucile IV 854761; ninth, W. F. Bar- ber on Perfection Rose 758894; tenth, Thos. J. Dawe & Son on Mayflower Belle 794990. Heifer, Senior Yearling ($90, $75, $60, $50, $40, $35, $30, $25, $25, $20) — First, Loveland Farms on Village Nonpareil 923240'; second, W. E. Pritch- ard on Fairview Pink II 924855; third, Owen Kane on Marigold Lily 961007; fourth, Uppermill Farms on Villager's Sue III 925493; fifth, Loveland Farms on Lancaster Maid 944500; sixth, Wm. Herkleman on Rose Violet HI 922085; seventh, J. W. McDermott on Rosemary Joffre 94666S; eighth, Edellyn Farms on Edellyn Queen 873736; ninth, Thos. J. Dawe & Son on Marigold XV 873368; tenth, Brandt Brothers on Merry Maiden HI 964628. Heifer, Junior Yearling ($90. $75, $60, $50, $40, $35, $30, $30, $25, $25, $25, $20, $20, $20, 20) — First, Edellyn Farms on Edellyn Eliza 950634; second. Loveland Farms on Cumberland Bessie 872664; third, W. E. Graham & Sons on Royal Goldie 866912; fourth. E. B. Thomas on Deverg-oi.l Vanity 986375; fifth, Ben G. Studer on Red Wing IV 947919; sixth, Ben G. Studer on Vil- lag-er's Broadhooks H 947920; seventh, Krizer Brothers on Mildred Laven- der 900397; eighth, Uppermill Farm on Village Maid X; ninth, W. F. Rapp on Lady Parmpton 958859; tenth. W. E. Pritchard on Lancaster Lady VI 928247; eleventh, Loveland Farms on Clara Maid V 944499; twelfth, Dubes & Ohlson on Lady Stamford IX 1000264; thirteenth, Geo. F. Thede & Son on Victoria IV 926571; fourteenth, Ewing- Brothers on Village Lilly 936923; fifteenth, "W. W. Parkhill on Princess A's Gift 884319. Heifer, Senior Calf ($90, $75, $60, $50, $40, $35, $30, $30, $25, $25, $25, $20. $20, $20, $20) — First, Owen Kane on Golden Mary 1001353; second, W. E. Pritchard on Dale Broadhooks II 1006056; third, Ewing Brothers on Sin- cerity VIII 980218; fourth, E. B. Thomas on Gainford Countess V; fifth, E. B. Thomas on Gainford Pansy; sixth, Owen Kane on Nonpariel Lady IV 1001356; seventh, Uppermill Farm on Villager's Lavender VII; eighth, W. F. Rapp on Pleasant Anna 1002S15; ninth, Ewing Brothers on Scottish Queen 980217; tenth, Uppermill Farm on Villager's Sue IV; eleventh, A. R. Fen- nern on Jealous Maid II 1025253; twelfth, Uppermill Farm on Villager's But- terfly II; thirteenth, Loveland Farm on Butterfly's Gift; fourteenth, W. B. Tague & Son on Dale's Lady; fifteenth, Ben G. Studer on Fair Blossom VI. Heifer, Junior Calf ($90, $75, $60, $50, $40, $35, $30, $30, $25, $25, $25, $20, $20, $20, $20) — First, Dubes & Ohlson on Lady Violette IX 1000266; second. Miller Brothers on Village Rosebud; third. Miller Brothers on Villager's Sue HI; fourth, Dubes & Ohlson on Shadowlawn Maid 1000270; fifth. Ewing Brothers on Ewingacres Ethel HI 9S0212; sixth, E. B. Thomas on Gainford Lucy; seventh, Wm. Herkelman on Sweet Charity IV; eighth, Joseph Miller & Sons on Oakdale Lavender; ninth. Krizer Brothers on Gainford Lavender HI 1003804; tenth, Ewing Brothers on Orange Sultanna 1021680; eleventh, A. R. Fennern on Bramble Bird V 1025249; twelfth, Ben G. Studer on Alex- AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 247 andrina Maid II; thirteenth, AV. B. Tague & Son on Lady Pi-osperity ; four- teenth, Owen Kane on Rosemary 135 1001357; fifteenth, Edellyn Farms on Edellyn Eliza II 1004577. Champion Mull l^vo Years Old or Over ($90)— J. W. McDermott on Mar- shal Joffre 807343. Champion Bull Under Two Years Old (.$90) — Owen Kane on Edgecote Champion 1001350. Grand Champion Bull, Any As:e (•1^9 0) — J. W. IMcDermott on Marshal Joffre S07343. Champion Cow 'I'wo Years Old or Over (?90) — J. AV. McDermott on Crim- son Lass 507129. Champion Heifer Under Two Years Old (.■?9 0) — Owen Kane on Golden Mary 1001353. *i.- «1 T MW^^ BELLES LAVENDER Graiul Champion Polled Shorthorn Bull. S. W. Stewart & Son, Kennard. i\eb. Grand Chajupion Cow or Heifer. Any A^e ($90) — Owen Kane on Golden Mary 1001353. Graded Herd (.$125, .$100, $80, $75, $70, .$60, $50, $40, $30)— -First. J. W. Mc- Dermott; second, Loveland Farms; third, Uppermill Farm; fourth, Edellyn Farms; fifth, Joseph Miller & Sons; sixth, Geo. F. Thede «& Sons; seventh. AV. F. Rapp; eighth, AV. E. Graham & Sons; ninth, Thos. J. Dawe & Sons. Breeder's Young- Herd ($125, $100, $80, $75, $70, $60, $50, $40, $30) — First, Owen Kane; second, Uppermill Farm; third, Loveland Farms; fourth, E. B. Thomas; fifth, Ben G. Studer; sixth, Edellyn Farms; seventh. AVm. Herkel- man; eighth, Joseph Miller & Sons; ninth, Ewing Brothers. Breeders' Calf Herd ($100, $85, $75, $60, $50, $40, $35, $30, $30)— First, Owen Kane; second. Miller Brothers; third, Uppermill Farm; fourth, E. B. Thomas; fifth, Dubes & Ohlson; sixth, Ewing Brothers; seventh, Ben G. Studer. eighth. Edellyn Farms; ninth, Joseph Miller & Sons. 248 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Get of Sire ($125, $100, $80, $75, $70, $60, $50, $40, $30) — First, Owen Kane; second, J. W. McDermott; third, Uppermill Farm; fourth, W. E. Pritchard; fifth, E. B. Thomas; sixth, Edellyn Farms; seventh, Joseph INIiller & Sons; eighth, Dubes & Ohlson; ninth, Ewing Brothers. Produce of Cow ($100, $85, $75, $60, $50, $40, $35, $30, $30)— First, J. W. McDermott; second. Miller Brothers; third, Uppermill Farm; fourth, Edel- lyn Farms; fifth, Owen Kane; sixth, Joseph Miller & Sons; seventh, Dubes & Ohlson; eighth, Thede & Sons; ninth, W. F. Barber. IOWA SHORTHORN SPECIALS. Bull Three Years Old or Over ($25, $20, $15, $12, $10 — First, Uppermill Farm on Coolshinney Broadhooks; second, Geo. F, Thede & Son on Count Gainford; third, W. E. Graham & Son on Maxwalton Pure Gold II; fourth, Ben G. Studer on Sultan Robin; fifth, O. P. Brown on Cumberland Gools. Bull Two Years and Under Three ($25, $20, $15, $12, $10, $10, $10, $8) — First, Miller Brothers; second, Rookwood Farm; third, W. W. Parkhill; fourth, Loveland Farms; fifth, J. W. Dugan & Sons; sixth, S. C. Hadedorn & Son; seventh, Brandt Brothers; eighth, Theo. Martin. Bull, Senior Yearling ($25, $20, $15, $12) — First, \V. E. Graham & Son; second, A. R. Fennern; third, J. Kardel & Son; fourth, W. E. Graham «S: Son. Bull, Junior Yearling ($25, $20, $15, $12, $10, $10, $10, $8)— First, Bliss Brothers; second, Dubes & Ohlson; third, Uppermill Farm; fourth, W. E. Graham «& Son; fifth, L. C. Oloff; sixth, W. B. Tague & Son; seventh, Theo. Martin; eighth, Ben G. Studer. Bull. Senior Caif ($25, $20, $15, $12. $10, $10, $10, $8) — First, Hague & Gir- ton; second, W. E. Pritchard; third, Uppermill Farm; fourth, W. E. Graham & Son; fifth, Rookwood Farm; sixth. Miller Brothers; seventh, Loveland Farms; eighth, Wm. Herkleman. Bull, Junior Calf ($25, $20, $15, $12, $10, $10, $10, $8)— First, W. E. Pritch- ard; second, A. R. Fennern; third. Miller Brothers; fourth, Uppermill Farm; fifth, Loveland Farms; sixth, A. R. Fennern; seventh, W. E. Graham & Son. eighth, Krizer Brothers. Cow Three Years or Over ($25, $20, $15, $12, $10) — First, Loveland Farms; second, Uppermill Farms; third, Geo. F. Thede & Sons; fourth, W. "\V. Park- hill; fifth, Theo. Martin. Heifer Two Years, Under Three ($25, $20, $15, $12, $10, $10, $10, $8) — Fir.^t, Loveland Farms; second, Uppermill Farm; third, J. Kardel & Son; fourth, Brandt Brothers; fifth, Ben G. Studer; sixth, L. C. Oloff; seventh, O. P. Brown; eighth, W. B. Tague. Heifer, Senior Yearling ($25, $20, $15 $12, $10, $10, $10, $8)— First, Love- land Farms; second, W. E. Pritchard; third, Uppermill Farm; fourth, Love- land Farms; fifth, Wm. Herkleman; sixth, Brandt Brothers; seventh, W. W. Parkhill; eighth, Wm. Herkleman. Heifer, Junior Yearling ($25, $20. $15, $12, $10. $10, -UO, $8) — First, Love- land Farms; second, W. E. Graham & Sons; third, E. B. Thomas; fourth, Ben G. Studer; fifth, Ben G. Studer; sixth, Krizer Brothers; seventh. Upper- mill Farm; eighth, "W. E. Pritchard. Heifer, Senior Calf ($25, $20, $15, $12, $10, $10, $10, $8) — First W. E. Pritchard; second, E. B. Thomas; third, E. B. Thomas; fourth, Uppermill Farm; fifth, Uppermill Farm; sixth, A. R. Fennern; seventh, Uppermill Farm; eighth, Loveland Farm. Heifer, Junior Calf ($25, $20, $15, $12, $10, $10, $10. $8)— First, Dubes & Ohlson; second, Miller Brothers: third. Miller Brothers; fourth. Dubes & Ohlson; fifth, E. B. Thomas; sixth, Wm. Herkleman; seventh, Krizer Broth- ers; eighth, ,V. R. Fennern. Herdsmen's Prices (offered by the American Shorthorn Breeders' Associa- tion; $15, $10, $5) — First, L. Harvey, with Miller Brothers; second, Wm. Fen- nern, with E. B. Thomas; third, Harry Ackerman, with Edellyn Farms. ^ 250 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV MILKING SHORTHORNS. Exhibitors — R. R. Clampitt, New Providence ; Frank Holland, Milton ; M. E. Stoner, Albert Lea, Minnesota. Judge W. J. Kexxedy^ Sioux City, Iowa, Bull Three Years Old or OA-er ($25, $20) — First, M. E. Stoner on Mag-gie'-S Chief 4S4017; second, R. R. Clampitt on White Prince G48027. Bull One Year Old and Under Two ($20, $15, $10, $10) — First, M. E. Stoner on Peerless Blackwood 9605oS; second, Frank Holland on Panama Royal Star; third, Frank Holland on Queenston "Warren; fourth, R. R. Clampitt on March Prince II 9S1270. Bull Under One Year ($20, $15, $10, $10) — First, Frank Holland on Gran- ville King-; second, Frank Holland on Robin Adair; third, R. R. Clampitt on Meadow Prince; fourth, M. E. Stoner on Meadow Blackwood. Cow Five Years Old or Over, in 3Iilk ($40, $30, $25)— First, R. R. Clam- pitt on Florence 199573; second, Frank Holland on Lady B. IX 588230; third, M. E. Stoner on Hannerette 215S9G. Cow Three Years Old and Under Five, in 3Iillv ($40, $30, $25, $15) — First. Frank Holland on Dairymaid 24th 713841; second, R. R. Clampitt on Young Dutchess VI 622252; third, M. E. Stoner on Lady Black\vood 753475; fourth, M. E. Stoner on Myra Blackwood II 731689. Cow Two Years Old and Under Three ($20, $15, $10) — First, M. E. Stoner on Gipsy Lee 722569; second, Frank Holland on Heiress II 918599; third, R. R. Clampitt on Edgewood Dora 881526. Heifer, Senior Yearling ($20, $15, $10, $10) — First, M. E. Stoner on Queen Blackwood II 9 60540; second, R. R. Clampitt on Fairy Dale 900130; third, Frank Holland on Rosemaid 960828; fourth, Frank Holland on Airdare Heir- ess 966970. Heifer, Junior Yearling: ($20, $15, $10, $10) — First, Frank Holland on Eng- lish Heiress; second, Frank Holland on Clay Queen; third, R. R. Clampitt on Edgewood Dell; fourth, M. E. Stoner on Blackwood Girl VIII 989382. Heifer, Senior Calf ($20, $15, $10, $10) — First, M. E. Stoner on Lady Black- wood II; second, R. R. Clampitt on Edgewood Fern; third, R. R. Clampitt on Prince Lulu; fourth, Frank Holland on Kirklevington Heiress. Heifer, Junior Calf ($20, $15, $10) — First, Frank Holland on Rosemaid II; second, R. R. Clampitt on Princess Frieda; third, R. R. Clampitt on Edge- wood Duchess. Champion Bull Two Years Old or Over ($20) — M. E. Stoner on Maggie's Chief 484017. Champion Bull Under Two Years Old ($20) — Frank Holland on Granville King. Grand Champion Bull, Any Age ($20) — M. E. Stoner on Maggie's Chief 4S4017. Champion Cow Two Years Old or Over ($20) — Frank Holland on Dairy- maid 24t.h 713841. Champion Heifer Under Two Years Old ($20) — Frank Holland on English Heiress. Grand Champion Cow or Heifer, Any Age ($20) — Frank Hollond on Dairy- maid 24th 713841. Graded Herd ($35, $25, $20) — First, Frank Holland; second, M. E. Stoner; third, R. R. Clampitt. Young Herd ($30, $20, $15) — First, M. E. Stoner; second, Frank Holland: third, R. R. Clampitt. Calf Herd ($2o, $20, $15) — First, Frank Holland; second, R. R. Clampitt; third, M. E. Stoner. Get of Sire ($30, $20, $15, $10) — First, M. E. Stoner; second. Frank Hol- land; third. Frank Holland; fourth, R. R. Clampitt. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 251 Produce of Cow ($25, $20, $15, $10)— First, M. E. Stoner; second, Frank Holland; third, M. E. Stoner; fourth, R. R. Clampitt. HEREFORDS. Exhibitors — Donald Allen, Fairfield ; M. W. Beatty. Valley Junction ; W. N. W. Blayney, Denver, Colorado ; Forest Caviness, Fairfield ; Milton Caviness, Fairfield ; E. M. Cassady & Sons. Whiting- ; Henry Coflin, Pleasant Plains ; Milton Coflan, Fairfield ; Raymond Coffin. Fairfield ; J. L. Couch, Swan ; Floyd Davis. Toledo ; Jesse Engle & Son. Sheridan, Missouri ; Glenwild Plantation. Grenada. Mississippi ; Goernandt Bros.. Aurora, Kansas ; Wallace & E. G. Good, Grand- view, Missouri ; O. Harris & Sons. Harris, Missouri ; Heath & Pierson, Villisca ; Hugh Hudg-ell. Fairfield ; Robert Hudgell, Fairfield ; Ray O. Hughes, Iowa City ; Everett Korns, Hartwick ; C. M. Largent, Merkel, Texas ; Aaron Lenhart, Fair- field ; Harold Leonard, Waukee ; Letts & Turkington. Letts ; C. C. McClain. Ba- tavia ; Cecil McClain. Fairfield ; Clare McLain, Fairfield ; Dale McLain. Fairfield ; Merritt McDonald, Waukee ; Vance McCracken, Fairfield ; LeRoy McWhorter & Son, Burt ; Clifford Messer, Fairfield ; Ernest Messer, Fairfield ; Niemann Farms, Avoca ; Wm. J. Niemeyer, West Point ; Leland O'Herron. Carroll ; Roland Over- meyer, Glidden ; Raymond Picken, Fairfield ; Mary Queenstra, Knoxville ; Renner Stock Farm, Hartford City, Indiana ; Paul Rynor, Fairfield ; George Silvers, Fair- field; Marie Simmons, Fairfield; L. J. Smith. Kansas City, Missouri; Genvieve .Southard, Dysart ; Earl Swanson, Fairfield ; Hermit Swanson, Fairfield ; J. E. Thompson, Martinsville. Illinois ; Cyrus A. Tow, Norway ; Turner Lumber & Investment Co.. 1020 N. Y. Life Bldg., Kansas City, Missouri ; Roy Van Winkle, Webster City ; Bernie Waters, Wiota. Judge Geo. Antsey, Massena, Iowa. Mull Three Years Old or Over ($90. $75, $60, $50, $40, $30, $25, $25, $20, $20) — First, W. N. W. Blayney on Blayney's Domino 991345; second, O. Har- ris & Sons on Repeater 166th 743001; third, J, E. Thompson on Beau Fair- fax 719972; fourth, Renner Stock Farm on Bullion Garfield 632729; fifth, L. J. Smith on Verna's Disturber II 54S270; sixth, O. Harris & Sons on Gay liad 69th 742997; seventh. Turner Lumber & Investment Co. on Beau Dorus 704555; eighth, Wm. J. Niemeyer on Earl Fairfax 686801; ninth, Goernandt Brothers on Worthmore 734860; tenth, Ray O. Hughes on Perfection Arbor 727273. Bull Two Years and Under Three ($90, $75, $60, $50. $40, $30, $25, $25) — First, Glenwild Plantation on Donald Woodford 862935; second, E. M. Cas- sady & Sons on Good Stanway II 862598; third, Turner Lumber & Invest- ment Co. on Laurel Paragon 873591; fourth, C. M. Largent on Prince Fair- fax II 787089; fifth. Heath & Pierson on Dandy Brae XVI 806421; sixth, Goer- nandt Brothers on Polled Harmon VII 778394; seventh, LeRoy McWhorter & Son on Ardmore Jr. 782965. Bull, Senior Yearling ($90, $75, $60, $50, $40, $30) — First, Jesse Engle &. Son on Beau Blanchard 96th 886652; second, O. Harris & Sons on Repeater 244 862321; third, Turner Lumber & Investment Co. on Laurel Masterpiece 1003403; fourth, W. N. T^'. Blayney on Don ^'yoming 871920; fifth, Bernie Waters on Bright Rex Jr. 940629; sixth, Roy Van Winkle on Hawkeye Mys- tic 890604. Bull, Junior Yearling' ($90, $75, $60, $50, $40. $30, $25, $25. $20, $20, $20. $15, $15, $15) — First, W^allace & E. G. Good on Good Donald 37th 89SS72; second. O. Harris & Sons on Royal Repeater 999999; third, Jesse Engle & Son on Echo Lad 269th 898837; fourth, Turner Lumber & Investment Co. on Laurel President 909615; fifth. O. Harris & Sons on Repeater 256th 890891; sixth, W. N. W. Blayney on Carl Wyoming 922154; seventh, Glenwild Plantation on Simpson's Rupert 883572; eighth. C. M. Largent on Gay Lad 7th 898397; ninth, J. E. Thompson on Royal Fairfax II 904987; tenth, Renner Stock Farm on Foundation 25th 1000291; eleventh, Wm. J. Niemeyer on Beau Re- peater 937459; twelfth. Goernandt Brothers on Superior Harmon 954050; thirteenth, Cyrus A. Tow on Disturbance 952652; fourteenth, Roy Van Win- kle on Charnpion II 963156. 252 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Bull, Senior Calf ($90, $75, $60, $50, $40, $30, $25, $25, $20, $20, $20, $15, $15, $15) — First, C, M. Larg-ent on Lovie's Lad 987389; second, Turner Lum- ber & Investment Co. on Laurel Perfection 5th 989392; third, J. E. Thomp- son on Royal Fairfax 8th 988704; fourth. Turner Lumber & Investment Co. on Laurel Perfection 2d 989396; fifth, Glenwild Plantation on Donald Rupert 973852; sixth, "W". N. W. Blayney on Wyoming 17th 961897; seventh, Jesse Engle & Son on Beau Blanchard 114th 983539; eighth, E. M. Cassady & Sons on Gay Stanway 973555; ninth, Letts & Turkington on Lee Incom 970565; tenth, O. Harris & Sons on Gay Lad 112th 985344; eleventh, Cyrus A. Tovi^ on Beau Standard III 979678; twelfth, Heath & Pierson on Dandy Brae 22d 984906; thirteenth, Cyrus A. Tow on Beau Standard I 979676; fourteenth, Roy Van Winkle on Don Disturber 946779, Bull, Junior Calf ($90, $75, $60, $50, $40, $30, $25, $25, $20, $20, $20, $15, $15) — First, O. Harris & Son on Repeater 283 985393; second, C. M. Lar- n ."i IC fl ^^^^^^^^^^k w w^w.- " ^ ^wmw9^^^ BLAYNEY'S DOMINO First Aged Hereford Bull. W. N. W. Blayney, Denver, CgL gent on Gay Lad 13th 1009736; third, W. N. W. Blayney on Wyoming Jr. 991362; fourth, Roy Van Winkle on Champion 5th 997262; fifth. Turner Lum- ber & Investment Co. on Beau Laurel 23d 1008607; sixth, Glenwild Planta- tion on Dandy Domino; seventh, J. E. Thompson on Royal Fairfax 9th 1006270; eighth, L. J. Smith on Victor Stanway 999502; ninth, Letts & Turk- ington on Domino Income 998466; tenth, Jesse Engle & Son on Beau Blan- chard 121st 995378; eleventh, Letts & Turkington on Master Income 101847; twelfth, M. W. Beatty on Sidney Simoon 1014062; thirteenth, L. J. Smith on Marshall Stanway 999497. Cow Three Years Old or Over ($90, $75, $60, $50, $40, $30, $25, $25, $20, $20) — First, E. M. Cassady & Sons on Lilly Stanway 699128; second, C. M. Largent on France Lassie 685274; third, O. Harris & Son on Echo Lass 51st r,S433R; fourth, Renner Stock Farm on Pearle (11873) 67C756; fifth. Wallace & E. G. Good on Lady Donald 4th 635044; sixth, O. Harris & Son on Miss AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 253 Gay Lad 42d 561597; seventh, Glenwild Plantation on May's Belle 564376; eighth, Leroy McWhorter & Son on Bonnie Blessing 2d 671998; ninth, Jesse Engle & Son on Ruth Blanchard 2d 475023; tenth, Roy "Van Winkle on Miss Beau Donald 712725. Heifer Two Years Old and Under Three ($90, $75, $60, $50, $40, $30, $25, $25. $20, $20) — First, O. Harris & Son on Miss Repeater 162d 763756; second, C. M. Largent on Patricia 789636; third, Wallace & E. G. Good on Dora Fair- fax 790765; fourth, E. M. Cassady & Son on Maude Stanway 768275; fifth. Turner Lumber & Investment Co, on Laurel Vera 790728; sixth, L. J. Smith on Lady Vernus 777525; seventh, Glenwild Plantation on Princess Blan- chard 781124; eighth, J. E. Thompson on Miss Gay Lad 2d 785124; ninth, Glenwild Plantation on Bessie Blanchard 781118; tenth, Renner Stock Farm on Lobelia Bullion (22290) 868070. Heifer, Senior Yearling ($90, $75, $60, $50, $40, tOO, $25, $25, $20, $20) — First, O. Harris & Son on Blanche Woodford 863181; second, C. M. Largent on Shadeland Jewel 5th 882938; third, J. E. Thompson on Lady Fairfax 904986; fourth, L. J. Smith on Miss Stanway 3d 882299; fifth, Jesse Engle & Son on Princess 5th 886655; sixth, Cyrus A. Tow on Disturber's Lass 4th S88858; seventh, Glenwild Plantation on Nell Blanchard 883569; eighth, Tur- ner Lumber & Investment Co. on Laurel Carnation 873588; ninth, Roy Van Winkle on Verra Belle 901367; tenth, E. M. Cassady & Sons on Niobe Stan- way 2d 853257. Heifer, Junior Yearling ($90, $75, $60, $50, $40, $30, $25, $25, $20, $20, $20, $15, $15, $15, $15) — First, O. Harris & Sons on Miss Repeater 210 '890885; sec- ond, L. J. Smith on Miss Disturber 8th 972474; third, Wallace & E. G. Good on Lady Donald 33d 902564; fourth, E. M. Cassady & Sons on Queen Stan- way 885395; fifth, Heath & Pierson on Dandy Lass 14th 909452; sixth. Heath & Pierson on Dandy Lass 15th 947119; seventh, Renner Stock Farm on Miss Mattie B. (27293) 956661; eighth, Glenwild Plantation on Selma Mischief 894590; ninth, Jesse Engle & Son on Belle Blanchard 96th 928841; tenth. L. J. Smith on Miss Disturber 3d 909057; eleventh, Wallace & E. G. Good on Doro- thy Best 898S71; twelfth, Letts & Turkington on Amelia Income 893399; thirteenth, Roland Overmeyer on Nellie Mischief 930376; fourteenth. Turner Lumber & Investment Co. on Laurel Delia 2d 909612; fifteenth, Turner Lum- ber & Investment Co. on Belle Laurel 7th 909606. Heifer, Senior Calf ($90, $75, $60, $50, $40, $30, $25, $25, $20, $20, $20, $15, $15, $15, $15) — First, O. Harris & Sons on Miss Repeater 234th 985350; second Jesse Engle & Son on Belle Blanchard 111th 983538; third, W. N. W. Blayney on Hellen "Wyoming 961893; fourth, Jesse Engle & Son on Belle Blanchard 107th 983534; fifth, C. M. Largent on Shadeland Jewel 6th 987400; sixth, Letts & Turkington on Francis Incom 960063; seventh, O. Harris & Sons on Miss Repeater 241st 985356; eighth, Glenwild Plantation on Dorranna Rupert; ninth, T^^allace & E. G. Good on Lady Donald 36th 990015; tenth, Cyrus A. Tow on Miss Standard 1st 979686; eleventh, L. J. Smith on Miss Disturber 20th 972486; twelfth, E. M. Cassady & Son on Maude Stanway 2d 973562; thirteenth, Wallace & E. G. Good on Dorothy Best 2d 991302; four- teenth, Letts & Turkington on Ambert Incom 960055; fifteenth. Turner Lum- ber & Investment Co. on Laurel Dorette 9S938S. Heifer, Junior Calf ($90, $75, $60, $50, $40, $30. $25, $25, $20, $20, $20, $15, $15, $15, $15) — First. O. Harris & Sons on Miss Repeater 264th 985379; sec- ond, Jesse Engle & Son on Belle Blanchard 112th 995379; third, Cyrus A Tow on Miss Standard 2d 979687; fourth, W. N. TV. Blayney on Dajsy Domino 994047; fifth, O. Harris & Sons on Miss Repeater 265th 985390; sixth. Turner Lumber «S: Investment Co. on Laurel Dorette 6th 1007820; seventh, C. M. Lar- gent on France Lassie 3d 1009735; eighth, Wm. J. Niemeyer on Incompar- able Rose 1004697; ninth, Glenwild Plantation on Cora Blanchard; tenth, Turner Lumber & Investment Co. on Laurel Dorette 5th 1007819; eleventh, Letts & Turkington on Amelia Incom 2d 998461; twelfth. Heath & Pierson on Dandy Lass ISth 1014227; thirteenth, W. N. W. Blayney on Elsie Wyo- ming 991350; fourteenth, L. J. Smith on Miss Stanway 16th 999500: fifteenth. Turner Lumber & Investment Co. on Laurel Coquette 1007S1S. 254 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Chauipion Bull T^vo Yejirs Old or Over ($90) — Glenwild Plantation on Donald Woodford, 862935. Champion Bull Under Two Years ($90) — Wallace & E. G. Good on Good Donald 37th 898872. Grand Champion Bull, Any Age ($90) — Glenwild Plantation on Donald Woodford, 862935. Champion Cow Two Years Old or Over ($90)— C. M. Cassady & Sons on Lilly Stanway 699128. Champion Heifer Under Two Years Old ($90) — O. Harris & Sons on Miss Repeater 234th 9S5350. Grand Champion Cow or Heifer. Any Age ($90) — E. M. Cassady & Sons on Lilly Stanway 699128. LOVIE'S LAD Hereford Champion Bull Senior Calf. C. M. Largent, Merkel, Texas. Gravn by One Club (iZO, $2 5, $20, $15, $10) — First, Carroll County Calf Club; second, Jefferson County Calf Club; third, Jefferson County Calf Club; fourth, Jefferson County Calf Club; fifth, Jefferson County Calf Club. ABERDEEN ANGUS SECTION. .Senior Heifer f.*15) — First, Orville Neville on Top.«y N. 4th. Y'earling Heifer ($25, $20, $15, $12, $10, $S. $7, $6, $5) — First, Nelson Korns on Lucy; second, Lester Metz on Blackcap Kiely 2d; third, Calvin Korns on Millie;' fourth, John H. Blake on Blackbird Lassie of Dallas 320649; fifth, Lester Metz on Beauty of Twin Elms; sixth. John H. Blake on Lady Nevas 320650; seventh, Virgil Sherwood on Buckeye Valley Pridette 9th 336841; eighth, John H. Blake on Rosebud Beth B. 325S55;. ninth, John H. Blake on Blackbird Jewel B. 325856. Champion Heifer ($25 Gold Watch, offered by the American Aberdeen Angus Breeders' Association) — Nelson Korns on Lucy. IOWA BOYS AND GIRLS' PURE BRED DAIRY CALF CLUB. Exhibitors — Mont Batchelder, Marion ; Rush Bright, Jesup ; Dwight Campbell. Jesup ; Lyman Campbell. Jesup ; Virginia Copenhaver. Jesup ; Floyd Emmonds. Marion ; Arvid Guthrie. Maynard ; Carl W. Headlee. Springville ; Gale Hutchens. Central City ; Maxine Joyce. Independence ; John Kimble. Springville ; Salome Minetor. Altoona ; Wallace Mills, Central City ; Grace Mills. Central City ; E. T. Meredith. Jr.. Des Moines ; Roy N^elson. Independence ; Glen Nelson. Independence ; Robert Nelson, Independence ; Willard Rackwood. Alburnette ; Francis Rietaulf. Fairfield ; Jane Rietaulf, Fairfield ; Sara Rietaulf. Fairfield ; Robert Stewart. May- nard ; Everett Sherman. .Tesup ; Irving Stewart. Maynard ; Elmore Turner. Fayette. Judge Earl Weaver, Ames. Iowa. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 277 HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN SECTION. Heifer Calf Vnder One Year of Age ($15, $12, $10, $10, $8, $5, $5) — First, Elmore Turner; second. Fay Le Claire; third, Wallace Mills on Miller Aaggie Cleveland; fourth, Robert Stewart; fifth, Irving- Stewart; sixth, Arvid Guth- rie on Junior Rose Pontiac Aag-gie. Heifer Calf, One Year Old and Under Two ($15) — First, Everett Sherman on Jewel Bessie Ormsby Fytje. Champion Heifer ($10) — Elmore Turner. Gronp of Four Calves Shown by One County or Club ($20, $15) — First, Fayette County Calf Club; second, Linn County Heifer Club. GUERNSEY SECTION. Heifer Calf Under One Year ($15, $12) — First, Salome Minetor; second. Glen Nelson on Buttercup's Butter Girl 119295. Heifer Calf One Year Old and Under Two ($15, $12, $10) — First, Roy Nel- son on Rebecca's Favorite of S. B. Farm 102215; second, Robert Nelson on Snowdrop of Quakerknoll 101135; third, Maxine Joyce on Eiles Olive 94844. Champion Heifer ($10) — Salome Minetor. Group of Four Calves Shown by One County or Club ($20.) — First, Buch- anan County Calf Club. JERSEY SECTION. Heifer Calf Under One Year ($15, $12) — First, Rush Bright; second, Sara Rietaulf. Heifer Calf One Year Old and Under Two ($15, $12, $10) — First, Jane Rie- taulf, Jefferson County, on Merimaid Golden Rosette 483717; second, Gladys Miksch, Jefferson County, on Kinloch's Golden Beauty 508011; third, Francis Rietaulf, Jefferson County, on Noble Virginia 507811. Cow Two Years Old and Under Four ($15, $12, $10, $10) — First, Lora Fox; second, Dwight Campbell on Sweet Marie Rhea 448599; third, Lynn Slater on Mayfair's Sunbeam 411473; fourth, Lyman Campbell on Gamboges' Emi- nent Bird 434918. Champion Heifer ($10) — Lora Fox. Group of Four Calves Shown by One County or Club ($20, $15) — First, Buchanan County Calf Club; second, Jefferson County Calf Club. SWINE DEPARTMENT. SuPEraxTENDEXT Cyrus a. Tow^ Norway, Iowa. POLAND CHINAS. Exhibitors — H. F. Adams, Castleton, Illinois ; Anderson & Nichols, West Lib- erty ; Anderson Bros., West Liberty ; Lowell Armstrong, McCallsburg ; J. L. Armstrong, Zearing ; A. J. Banks, Montour ; Dan R. Bates, Guthrie Center ; Paul B. Barger, Audubon ; Chas. E. Baker, Bondurant ; Albert E. Beatty, Valley Junc- tion ; Bell Bros. & Wood, Wiota ; R. A. Bell, Atlantic ; Jas. Bieber, R. F. D. 2, Muscatine ; Jno. Blauer, Tingley ; J. M. Boatright, Mitchellville ; Geo. Bumstedt. R. F. D. 1, Des Moines; I. J. Conrad, Melbourne; Jos. Caputa, Marshalltown ; Wm. Cottrill, R. F. D. 6, Des Moines; G. C. Cox, Oskaloosa ; Lola Cramford. Stockport ; C. W. Croes, Coon Rapids ; Oscar Dahlgren, Eldon ; Everett Dann. Waukee ; Howard Dann, Waukee ; W. W. Davisson & Son. Wellman ; Mary Dan- nen, Melbourne ; Clifford Danielson, Fairfield ; C. C. Decker, Valley Junction ; Ronald E. Diggins. Melbourne ; H. B. Duncan, Bagley ; M. A. Dowling. Valley Junction ; Dowling & Hassler, Valley Junction ; Chas. Ellerman. Dallas Center ; 278 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Homer Ellerman. Dallas Center ; W. H. Elsworth & Son. Goklfield ; S. L,. Farlow. Ankeny ; Ed Fitzpatrick, Iowa City ; J. M. Ford, Milo ; Franks & Meneough. Grimes ; C. D. Freel, Runnells ; J. G. Freese. Dows ; R. F. French, Independence ; Earl Fry, Iowa City ; Frederick Gates, Grimes ; Glover & Moore, Grand View^ Missouri ; Edward A. Greiner, Colo ; W. B. Halstead. Van Wert ; Herbert Han- nah, Batavia; Allen Hoy, Adel ; E. Tracey Jaycox, Kamrar ; Nels C. Jensen & Son, Exira ; John Jeppson, Goldfield ; A. & J. C. Johnson, Lynnville ; Kesslers & Smykill, Solon ; Garret P. Klein, Altoona ; Joe Kramer, Elkader ; L. W. Lensch. Atkins ; Wm. Lentz, Ankeny ; D. C. Lonergan & Son. Florence Station, Omaha, Nebraska ; Geo. T. Leonard. Perry ; Loveland Farms, Mt. Pleasant ; W. McClana- han. Mitchellville ; Mabel Mark, Adel ; O. R. Mark, Adel ; G. F. Marshall & Son, Monroe ; H. M. Menough. Grimes ; Hazel Messamer, Adel ; Hubert Meyer. Stacy- ville ; Jas. A. Miller. Norwalk ; M. V. Miller, Law-ler ; J. Cyrus Morgan, Indianola ; P. M, Nickols, West Liberty ; Wm. Oakland, Blairsburg ; C. W. Overton, Knox- ville ; G. W. Owens. Lawler ; Paul Palm, Fairfield ; D. H. Paul. Haverhill ; C. M. Pederson, Dunlap ; Harry C. Parker. Lisbon ; L. .1. Peters, Altoona ; Propst & Nichols, West Liberty ; Fred G. Reis, Indianola ; Richard & Leonard, Corning ; Amasa Roberts, Bentonsport ; Ernest Salt. Fairfield ; W. J. Samuelson, R. F. D. 7. Des Moines ; Theodore Sells, Adel ; Severe & Sams, Dows ; Fred Sievers, Audu- bon ; Fred Severs, Audubon ; Fred Sexauer. Ankeny ; Mark I. Shaw. Monroe ; Robert G. Sheetz, Keota ; Dan Stainatelos, Valley Junction ; Ralph Stevenson. Mitchellville ; A. C. Thomas, Milo ; Lester I. Thompson, Ankeny ; Tow Bros., Norway ; J. B. Tye & Sons, Pleasanton ; Wengert Bros., State Center ; Alvin Win- dom & Son, Nodaway ; Glenn Windom, Nodaway. Judge H. H. Ktldee, Ames. Aged Boar ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, Fred Seivers on Iowa- Tim 425957; second, Bell Brothers on Cicott 378035; third, D. C. Lonergan &. Sons on Designer 93699; fourth, Harry C. Parker on The Greater Clansman 374307; fifth, R. F. French on The Marvel 409465; sixth, R. F. French on The Marvel 409465; seventh, Alvin ^Vindom 8c Son on Clan Chieftain 106059. Senior Yearling Boar ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, J. B. Tye & Sons on Tye's Liberator 114535; second, Mark I. Shaw- on The Argonaut 447447; third, J. B. Tye & Sons on Advertiser Boy 422033; fourth, W. H. Ellsworth on Orangepiece 411681; fifth, R. A. Bell on The Hit 393201; sixth, H. M. Menough on Rainbow Jr. 444599; seventh. Severe «fe Sams on Giant Yank 433723. Junior Yearling Boar ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, Dowling & Hass- ler on Archdale 119678; second, J. J. Bieber on A Model Giant 436471; third. H. F. Adams on The Patriarch 419993; fourth, Gerritt P. Kline on The Head- light 406699; fifth, William Cottrill on The lowan 407935; sixth, R. F. French on The Achiever 4367^5; seventh, A. & J. C. Johnson on The Stars 426749. .Senior Boar Pig ($12, $10, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, C. W. Grees on Decide Again 121533; second. Severe & Sams on Yankee Pride 448919; third, Glover & Moore on Grand Liberator II 121471; fourth, Franks & Meneough on Big Rainbow 445731; fifth, Anderson Brothers on A's Mastodon Jr. 439025; sixth, C. W. Crees on Decide Again II 121534; seventh, D. C. Lonergan & Sons on Designer Jr. 121372. Junior Boar Pig ($12, $10, $8, $6. $4, $3, $2) — First, I. J. Conrad on Invad- er's Equal 44SS49; second. Glover & Moore on Liberator the Great; third, M. A. Downing; fourth, D. H. Paul on Advertise Boy 449553; fifth. Bell Broth- ers on Orion; sixth, E. M. Pederson; seventh, I. J. Conrad on Invader Again. Aged Sow ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, Glover & Moore on Liberat- or's Best 843240; second, Severe & Sams on Joe's Long Girl 2d 880112; third. H. M. Menough on Warren's Big Queen 748598; fourth, D. C. Lonergan & Sons on Iowa Giantess 283092; fifth, Harry C. Parker on Miss Joe 761226; sixth, H. B. Duncan on Prospect Queen 1025206; seventh, Harry C. Parker on Parmenter's Josephine 1st 1066462. Senior Yearling Sow ($15, $12, $8. $G. $4, $3, $2) — First, Harry C. Parker on Nis Model 979302; second. Severe & Sams on Wonder Giantess 6th 1078346; AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 279 third, H. M. Menough on Lucy Rainbow 1083400; fourth, G. W. Owens on Rainbow Lady 999460; fifth, G. W. Owens on Rainbow Lady 1st 999462; sixth, Franks & Meneough on Miss Perfect Rainbow 1083402; seventh, Severe & Sams on Wonder Giantess 5th 1078344. Junior Yearling: Sow ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, J. L. Armstrong; second, Glover & Moore on Liberator's Prize 291695; third, Severe & Sams on Royal Queen 975136; fourth, Harry C. Parker on Pickett's Belle 1097458; fifth, Anderson Brothers on Giant Lucy 1067074; sixth, H. M. Menough on Vitley Maid 2d 969238; seventh, A. & J. C. Johnson on Poweshiek 979998. Senior Sow Pig ($12, $10, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, Glover & Moore on Revelation's Best 1094238; second, I. J. Conrad on Hawkeye Miss II 1094952; third, Glover & Moore on Revelation's Girl 1094240; fourth, M. A. Bowling on Queen's Maid 1093482; fifth, I. J. Conrad on Hawkeye :\riss 1094950; sixth, I. J. Conrad on Hawkeye Miss III 1094954; seventh, G. C. Cox on Giant Lady 1st 1092710. Junior Sow Pig ($12. $10, SS, $G. $4, $3, $2) — First, Glover & Moore on Peter's Grand Lady; second, I. J. Conrad on Yankee Girl 1094962; third, Glover & Moore on Liberator Lil II 297351; fourth, M. A. Dowling on Lach- nite Maid 1093492; fifth, I. J. Conrad on Invader Maid 109495S; sixth, Paul Palm on Lady Claude 1090S54; seventh, H. M. ]\Ionough on Sue Rainbow 1094068. Senior Champion Boar ($10)— Fred Seivers on Iowa Tim 425957. Junior Champion Boar ($10) — I. J. Conrad on Invader's Equal 448849. Grand Champion Boar, Any Age ($15) — Fred Seivers on Iowa Tim 425957. Senior Champion Sow ($10) — Glover &. Moore on Liberator's Best 843240. Junior Champion Sow ($10) — Glover & Moore on Revelation's Best 1094238. Grand Champion Sow, Any Age ($15) — Glover & Moore on Liberator's Best 843240. Aged Herd, Owned by Exhibitor ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2)^ — First, Harry C. Parker; second, Severe & Sams; third, D. C. Lonergan «S: Sons; fourth, H. M. Menough; fifth, Severe & Sams; sixth, H. F. Adams; seventh. H. B. Duncan. Aged Herd, Owned and Bred by Exhibitor ($15, $12, $8) — First, Severe & Sams; second, G. W. Owens; third, Joe Kramer. Young Herd, Owned by Exhibitor ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, Glover & Moore; second, I. J. Conrad; third, M. A. Dowling; fourth, C. W. Crees: fifth, J. M. Ford; sixth, G. C. Cox; seventh, Garrit P. Kline. Young Herd, Owned and Bred by Exhibitor ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, Glover & Moore; second, I. J. Conrad; third, ]\I. A. Dowling; fourth, C. W. Crees; fifth, G. C. Cox; sixth, Garret P. Kline; seventh, H. B. Dtxncan. Get of Sire ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, Glover & Moore; second, I. J. Conrad; third, I. J. Conrad; fourth, M. A. Dowling; filth, C. W. Crees; sixth. Severe & Sams; seventh, H. M. Menough. Produce of Dam ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, I. J. Conrad; second. I. J. Conrad; third, M. A. Dowling; fourth, Amasa Roberts: fifth. C. M. I'eder- son; sixth. Belle Brothers; seventh, J. L. Armstrong. SPOTTED POLAND CHINAS. Exhibitors — Wm. Buchanan. Adel ; Jack Burkett. Minburn ; Donald Clayton. Waukee ; Danlcy Bros., Prairie City , C. B. Evitt. Menlo ; J. C. Freel, Runnclls ; Arlo Grumpost, Fairfield ; T. J. Hendrickson. Brooklyn ; R. Laughlin & Co.. Cros- ton ; Victor Lindgren. Arthur ; George Morgan, La Porte City ; Edward Petersen. Denison ; Shaver &. Fry. Kalona ; Elmer E. Stimmel, Oxford ; Leonard Staker. Woodward ; Eggo W. Stoehr. Grundy Center ; Taylor & Taylor. What Cheer ; Thomas Tomlinson, Bondurant; Wm. Van Baale & Son, I'ella: Jno. Vander- vender Jr., Adel. Judge H. H. Kildee, Ames. 280 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Aged Boar ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4)— First, Shaver & Fry on Buster Bill 31689; second, Taylor & Taylor on Giant Improver 16533; third, R. Laughlin & Co. on Dew Drop John 10709; fourth, Victor Lundgren on Lundgren Bert 20697; fifth, T. J. Hendrickson on Fairholme's Booster 26759. Senior Yearling Boar ($15, $12, $8) — First, Taylor & Taylor on Wonderful Prince II 30731; second, Taylor & Taylor on Taylor's Spotted Eagle 29631; third, C. B. Evitt on Arch Back Masterpiece 30727. Junior Yearling Boar ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, Wm. Van Baale & Son on Pickett's Spotted Giant 37389; second. Earl Frey on English Path- finder 33857; third, M. E. Mathew on Darkey's Spots; fourth, Geo. Moran on Eng-lish Arch Back King 31549; fifth, Taylor & Taylor on English Designer 34881; sixth, C. B. Evitt on English Phinx; seventh, J. M. Boatwright on Big Kirk 37283. Senior Boar Pig ($12, $10, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, Taylor & Taylor on Giant Corrector 49237; second, Taylor & Taylor on Giant Corrector II 49239; third, Earl Frey on English Duke 2d; fourth, Shaver & Fry on Spotted Buckeye; fifth, Elmer E. Stimmel on Arch Back Sensation; sixth, Ed Pitz- patrick on Big- Chief; seventh, Oscar Dohlgren on Laddie Boy 48645. Junior Boar Pig ($12, $10, $8, $6, $4, $3. $2) — First, Shaver & Fry on The Harvester; second, Taylor & Taylor on Victor's Masterpiece; third, Taylor & Taylor on Arch Back Buckeye I; fourth, Ed Fitzpatrick on Arb. Spotted Lady; fifth, Oscar Dohlgren on Spotted Dude 48651; sixth, Oscar Dohlgren on Spotted Max 48655; seventh. Earl Frey on English Model. Aged Sow ($15, $12) — First, Taylor & Taylor on Victoria J 17776; second, Earl Frey on Queen Ann 49294. Senior Yearling Sow ($15, $12, $8, $6) — First, Taylor & Taylor on Giant Buster Best 113292; second, Taylor & Taylor on Princess Queen III 84396; third, J. M. Boatwright; fourth. Earl Frey on Duke's Giantess 77488. Junior Yearling Sow ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3) — First, Taylor & Taylor on Lady Big Bone 94952; second, Tom Tomlinson on Spotted Queen 85656; third, Wm. Van Baale & Son on Show Lady 131116; fourth, Elmer E. Stimmel on Doratha 8902; fifth, R. Laughlin & Son on May Blossom 131356; sixth, Dan- ley Brothers on Lady Chiefess 118396. Senior Sow Pig ($12, $10, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, Earl Frey on Miss Eng- lish; second, Taylor & Taylor on English Correctness 145186; third. Shaver & Fry on Shaver's Best 139114; fourth, Taylor & Taylor on Corrector's Giantess; fifth, R. Laughlin & Co. on Dolly Dimple; sixth, R. Laughlin & Co, on Dew Drop Doll; seventh, I. Stimmel. Junior Sow Pig ($12, $10, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, Eggo W. Stoehr on Beauty Spot 142232; second, Oscar Dohlgren on Queen Bess 140430; third, Taylor & Taylor on Arch Back Princess V; fourth. Earl Frey on English Queen; fifth, Taylor & Taylor on Arch Back Giantess; sixth. Shaver & Fry on Spotted Maid I; seventh, Oscar Dohlgren on Queen Ann 140428. Senior Champion Boar ($10) — Wm. Van Baale & Son on Pickett's Spotted Giant 37389. Junior Cliampion Bosir ($10) — Taylor & Taylor on Giant Corrector 49237. Grand Champion Boar, Any Age ($15) — Wm. Van Baale & Son on Pickett's Spotted Giant 37389. Senior Champion Sow ($10) — Taylor & Taylor on Victoria J. 17776. Junior Champion Sow ($10)- -Eggo W. Stoehr on Beauty Spot 142232. Grand Champion Sow, Any Age ($15) — Taylor & Taylor on Victoria J. 17776. Aged Herd, Owned by Exhibitor ($15) — First, Taylor &. Taylor. Aged Herd, Owned and Bred by Exhibitor ($15) — First, Taylor & Taylor. Young Herd, Owned by Exhibitor ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, Tay- lor & Taylor; second, Shaver & Fry; third, Earl Frey; fourth, Taylor & Taylor; fifth, Oscar Dohlgren; sixth, Eggo W. Stoehr; seventh, Ed Fitz- patrick. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 281 Young: Herd, Owned and Bred by Kxhibitor ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, Taylor & Taylor; second, Shaver & Fry; third, Earl Frey; fourth, Oscar Dohlg-ren; fifth, C. B. Evitt; sixth, Eggo W. Stoehr; seventh, E. Fitzpatrick. Get of Sire ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, Taylor & Taylor; second, Earl Frey; third, Taylor & Taylor; fourth. Shaver & Frey; fifth, Oscar Dohl- gren; sixth, Eggo W. Stoehr; seventh, Ed. Fitzpatrick. Produce of Dam ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, Taylor & Taylor; sec- ond, Earl Frey; third, Taylor & Taylor; fourth, Shaver & Fry; fifth Oscar Dohlgren; sixth, Eggo W. Stoehr; seventh, Ed Fitzpatrick. SPECIAL PRIZES. Offered by the National Spotted Poland China Record Association and loAva State Fair. Aged Herd ($30) — First, Taylor •& Taylor. Young Herd ($30, $20, $15, $15, $10, $10) — First, Taylor & Taylor; second, Shaver & Frey; third, Earl Frey; fourth, Taylor & Taylor; fifth, Oscar Dohl- gren; sixth, Eggo W. Stoehr. DUROC JERSEYS. Exhibitors — Ralph Allgood, Lacey ; A. P. Alsin, Boone ; C. E. Alsin. Boone ; Forest L. Atkin, Muscatine ; Winn Baier, Greenfield ; Fred Bonnesen. Kimballton ; James M. Brockway & Co., Letts ; C. A. Brewer, Jancsville ; Harold Bryan. Arion ; James Buchanan. Adel ; I. F. Clark, Terril ; Dorothy Chandler, Fairfield ; Lucille Coffin, Stockport ; Ruth Coffin, Stockport ; M. C. Cramer & Son. Monroe ; Merrill Crase, Redfield ; Chas. S. Crawford. Indianola ; Donahoe »& Hanson, Holbrook ; John Fennema, Monroe ; A. C. Flaugh & Son. Newton ; Virgil Fox, Dallas Center ; L. W. Gibbons, Carlisle ; Jacob B. Gripp, Afton ; Hanks and Bishop, New London ; Jas. L. Harper & Son, Ames ; Palmer Hawk, Fairfield ; Emmett C. Hanshaw, R. F. D. No. 2, Douds ; E. J. Hawker, West Liberty ; Glenn C. Healey, Moscow ; John Hinrichs, R. F. D. No. 2, Milo ; Bert C. Holmes, R. F. D. No 4, Muscatine ; W. A. Hooper, Runnells ; Jas. J. Horr, Mechanicsville ; litis & Olson. R. F. D. No. 1, Des Moines ; C. B. Jarnagen & Son, Monroe ; H. C. Jarnagin, Monroe ; H. Jen- sen, Afton ; F. A. Johnson & Son, Stratford ; Kern-Bader & Abst, Stanton, Scrib- ner and Columbus, Nebraska; Kern-Bader & Studer Bros., Stanton and Scribner, Nebraska ; Kern-Bader & Stiner, Stanton and Scribner, Nebraska, and Lakefield. Minnesota ; Kern & Bader, Stanton and Scribner, Nebraska ; Arthur Knopp. Charter Oak; Fred Knop, Charter Oak; Everett Lanman, Route 1. Eldon ; F. T. Lengemann, Coon Rapids ; J. F. Lentz & Son, Winterset ; H. W. Lineweaver & Son, South English ; Wm. J. Lockhart, R. F. D., Des Moines ; McKee Bros., Creston ; Lloyd R. Monroe, West Liberty ; Ralph A. Moffet & Son, Oskaloosa ; E. E. Munson, Route 2, Ute ; George Nelson, Stanhope ; Shubel Owen. Guthrie Center ; Harvey N. Park, Mechanicsville ; C. R. Ferryman, Percy ; E. L. Perry, St. Anthony ; Lee A. Perry, Indianola ; Ben H. Person. Adelphi ; H. M. Raub, Muscatine ; Robinson & Jones, Redfield ; John Roskamp, Grundy Center ; Ray Roush, Douds ; Lennie Royer, Adel ; G. O. Satre, Stanhope ; H. E. Satre, Stan- hope ; Harry Seibert, Grimes ; Milo J. Shalla, Wellman ; W. B. Shaw, Monroe ; H. A. Smith, Deep River ; M. Spencer, Audubon ; Harold Swallow. Valley Junc- EWL tion ; Dwight Thompson, Valley Junction; Mike Trier. Box 117, Keota ; Geo. Trin- dle. Van Meter ; L. G. Ulch, Solon ; Roy Vaughn, Selma ; J. A. Vipond & Sons. Algona ; C. F. Waldo, DeWitt, Nebraska ; J. D. Waltemeyer & Son, Melbourne ; V. C. Walton Jr., Wilton Junction ; Bernard Weed, Charter Oak ; Austin Wheat- ley, Fairfield ; Grant White, Route 4, Afton ; R. J. Worthington. Cumberland : Wm. Wright, Greenfield ; Oscar Zellmer, Atlantic ; C. A. Zellmer, Atlantic. Judge Chas. Marker, Auburn. Illinois. Aged Boar ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2)— First, Kern & Bader on Uneeda Orinn Sensation 337373; second, C. A. Brewer on Valley Colonel Pathfinder 342023; third, J. A. Miller; fourth, J. D. Waltemeyer & Son on Mahaska Won- 282 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV der 242845; fifth, H. W. Lineweaver & Sun on Gypsy Pathfinder 40 H. M. Raub on Great Orion's Colonel 306133. 471; sixth, Senior Yearling Boar ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, Kern & Bader on A High Sensation 357457; second, Kern & Bader on The Hit 387901; third, J. D. Waltemeyer & Son on Sky Pilot 362S35; fourth, J. L. Harper & Son on Colonel Orion's Sensation 361715; fifth, James M. Brockway on Pathwinner 3S5621; sixth, R. A. Moffet & Son on Bill's Pathfinder 385809; seventh, James M. Brockway on Pathway 385 625. UNEEDA ORION SENSATION Grand Champion Duroc Boar. R. A. Coupe & Son, Falls City, Neb. Junior Yearling Boar ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, Kern & Bader on Double Sensation 3d 359067; second, Vipond & Sons on Sensation King 359231; third, Donahoe & Hanson on Red Raven 404217; fourth, G. O. Satre on Giraffe Gigantic 404047; fifth. Glen C. Healey on Great Uneeda Sensation 359081; sixth, H. E. Satre on Great Orion's Cherry Wonder 371589; seventh. Robinson & Jones on Iowa Sensation 369277. Senior Boar Pig ($12, $10, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, G. O. Satre on Unique Sensation 406745; second, Kern & Bader on Ideal Sensation 407335; third, McKee Brothers on The Rival 406033; fourth, J. M. Brockway on Pay Mas- ter; fifth, V. C. Walton on The Pilot; sixth, R. F. Smylie on Pure Pathfinder; seventh, J. L. Harper & Son on Bondmaster 405037. Junior Boar Pig ($12, $10, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, J. D. Waltemeyer & Son on Giant's Choice 405907; second, Kern & Bader on Sensation Leader Jr. 406513; third, Vipond Brothers on Sensation King II 406727; fourth, Kern & Bader on Sensation 407337; fifth, J. D. Waltemeyer & Son on Giant's Choice 1st 405909; sixth, Shubel Owen on High Colonel 408435; seventh, James M. Brockway on Pathwonder Victory I 405481. Aged Sow ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, Kern & Bader on P. C. Scis- sor's Nellie 368840; second J. D. Waltemeyer & Son on Wonder Maid 8th 938354; third, F. F. Lengeman on Rosy 938322; fourth, R. A. Moffet & Son on Orion High Lady 951276; fifth, James M. Brockway on Model Cherry Queen 796730; sixth, J. D. Waltemeyer on Wonder Maid 9th 938356; seventh, Roljinson & Jones on Orion Premier Lady 2d 3S6584A. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 283 Senior Yearlinfe- Sow ($15, $12, $8, $G. $4. $3, $2) — First, Kern & Bader on Sensation Choice 961516; second, J. D. Waltemeyer & Son on Miss Wonder 937390; third, J. D. AValtemeyer & Son on Miss AVonder 4th 1071848; fourth. F. F, Leng-eman on Pathiinder's Lady 30th 431118; fifth, C. A. Zellmar on Long Bess 95132S; sixth, James M. Brockway on Delia Pathfinder's Sensa- tion £51482; seventh, Robinson & Jones on Pathfinder's Lady 31st 431120A. Junior Yearling- Sow ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, Kern & Bader on BIG WONDER I AxM First Senior Yearling Duroc Jersey Boar. H. E. Satre, Stanhope, Iowa. Sensation Baby 957608; second, Milo J. Shalla on I'athfinder Queen I 935940; third, J. D. Waltemeyer & Son on Lady ^Vonder 3d 998324; fourth, E. L. Perry on Miss Wonder Giant I 939314; fifth, George Nelson on Satre's "Won- der 967160; sixth, James M. Brockway on Pathfinder Victory Gonoess III 954994; seventh, R. F. Smylie on Midway Pride. Senior Sow Pig- ($12, $10, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, Kern & Bader on Sen- sation Lady 1st 1076374; second. F. Bonnesen on Star Lady II 1074332; third, Kern & Bader on Sensation Lady 2d 1076374; fourth, A. C. Flaug:h & Son on Big- Bone Queen 1069942; fifth, J. D. Waltemeyer & Son on Wonder Lady 1071850; sixth, J. D. Waltemeyer on AVonder Lady 1st 1071S52; seventh, James M. Brockway on Pathfinder ^lodel II 1071tJ66. Junior Sow Pig- ($12, $10, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2)— First, Kern & Bader on Lady Leader 1st 1073572; second, Kern & Bader on Leader Fashion Lady 1st 1074006; third, Mike Trayer on Wonder's Maid I; fourth. Glen C. Healey on Uneeda Sensation Beauty A. 1070850; fifth, Mike Trayer on Wonder's Maid II; sixth, James M. Brockway on Pathwonder's Maid I 1070856; seventh. B. C. Holmes on Lady Pathfinder Uneeda Sensation 1073928. Senior Cliampion Hoar ($10) — Kern -Bader & Studer on Uneeda Orion Sensation 337373. Junior Champion Boar ($10) — G. O. Sutre on Unique Sensation 406745. Grantl Cliami>ion B«»ar, Any Ag-c ($15) — Kern-Bader & Studer on Uneeda Orion Sensation 337373. 284 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Senior Champion Sow ($10) — Kern & Bader on P. C. Scissors' Nellie 368840. Junior Champion Sow ($10) — Kern & Bader on Sensation Lady 1st 1073572. Grand Champion Sow, Any Age ($15) — Kern & Bader on P. C. Scissors' Nellie 368840. Aged Herd, Owned by Exhibitor ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, Kern & Bader; second, J. D. Waltemeyer & Son; third, J. D. Waltemeyer & Son; fourth, F. F. Lengeman; fifth, James M. Brockway; sixth, C. A. Zellniar; seventh, Robinson & Jones. Aged Herd, Owned and Bred by Exhibitor ($15) — First, J. D. Waltemeyer & Son. Young Herd, Owned by Exhibitor ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, Kern & Bader; second, J. D. "Waltemeyer & Son; third, F. Bonnesen; fourth, James M. Brockway; fifth, Mike Trier; sixth, C. F. Waldo; seventh, H. Jensen. Young Herd, Owned and Bred by Exhibitor ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3) — First, Kern & Bader; second, J. D. Waltemeyer; third, F. Bonnesen; fourth, James M. Brockway; fifth, C. F. Waldo; sixth, F. F. Lengeman. Get of Sire ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, Kern & Bader; second, J. D. Waltemeyer; third, James M. Brockway; fourth, J. D. Waltemeyer; fifth, F. Bonnesen; sixth, Mike Trier; seventh, C. F. Waldo. Produce of Dam ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4) — First, J. D. Waltemeyer & Son; sec- ond, F. Bonnesen; third, Mike Trier; fourth, C. F. Waldo; fifth, H. Jensen. CHESTER WHITES. Exhibitors — A. F. Anderson, Selma ; Buren R. Anderson, Storm Lake ; J. L. Barber, Harlan ; W. T. Barr, Ames ; W. M. Boyer, Farmington ; John Brauchle, Fort Dodge ; Robert Bowman & Son, DeWitt ; Chas. F. Brady, Milton ; O. J. Bron- hard, Cole ; C. F. Brown, Webster City ; Fred L. Cooper, Ames ; W. R. Crawford, Libertyville ; E. F. Evans, Webster City ; J. E. Foster, West Liberty ; G. R. Gil- bert, Prairie City ; R. G. Goodman, Leon ; Frank A. Gould, Rockwell City ; Harry Hall & Sons, Corning ; J. M. Hambakcr, Mt. Sterling ; Hawkeye Farms, Mt. Pleasant ; Jas. K. Helmick & Son, Columbus Junction ; M. P. Herbert, Atlantic ; Fred S. Himebauch, Estherville ; M. C. James, New Virginia ; R. J. Jones, R. F. D. No. 4, Iowa City ; E. H. Kahl & Son, Lakota ; J. H. Lachmiller, Webster City ; Geo A. Lasley & Son, Selma ; J. A. Loughbridge, Delta ; L. L. Lyle, Webster City ; Louis L. McClure, Leon ; W. A. McMahon, R. F. D. No. 3, West Liberty ; C. W. Madison, Guthrie Center ; J. H. & Duke Mahannah, North English ; Will Michael, Selma ; Royal G. Miller, Grimes ; Mosse and Mosse, Leavenworth, Kan- sas ; E. L. Nagle & Son, Deep River ; Jno. Perry, Selma ; Ralph James, New Vir- ginia ; R. H. Rockafellow, West Liberty ; Scottlea Farms, Nelson, Missouri ; P. H. Sheridan, Vail ; Albert H. Stuart, Newhall ; J. L. Stittsworth, Knoxville ; John J". Tracy, Greenfield ; Bruce R. Vale, Bonaparte ; J. P. Walters & Sons, West Lib- erty ; Wm. Whittod, Monroe ; R. E. Williams, Iowa City ; Leonard Willey, Menlo. Judge Chas. Marker, Auburn, Illinois. Aged Boar ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2)— First, E. H. Kahl & Son on Lengthy Prince 65625; second, Chas. F. Brady on Prince Rajah A. 69G61; third, Fred Himebaugh on Warrior 79437; fourth, Buren R. Anderson on Bonnie Crest 74241; fifth, M. P. Herbert on Aviator 75733; sixth, Louis L. McClure on Harvey's Big Wildwood 50161; seventh, John J. Tracy on Harvey E. Stamp 55933. Senior Yearling Boar ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3) — First, J. H. & Duke Ma- hannah on O. K. Greater lowan 88807; second, L. L. Lyle on Giant's Model 99361; third, Hawkeye Farms on High Big Bone 88331; fourth, Fred L. Cooper on Long Prospect 97595; fifth, James K. Helmick & Son on Anah II 104695; sixth, Bruce R. Vale on Big A, D. Junior Yearling Boar ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, W. A. McMahon on Monster's Giant 94235; second, Louis L. McClure on Hawkeye Lad 99489; third, John Brockway on Hawkeye Buster Giant 100539; fourth, G. R. Gil- AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 285 bert on Big- Improver 96137; fifth, W. T. Barr on Alfalfa Wonder 4th 89935; sixth, J. E. Foster on Lengthy Monster 9S323; seventh, Buren R. Anderson on Alfalfa Surprise Again 104067. Senior Boar Pig ($12, $10, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, E. H. Kahl & Son on Prince Defender 104279; second, J. L. Barber on International Chief 105621; third, P. H. Sheridan on High Lad 105831; fourth, J. L. Barber on Interna- tional Lad 105619; fifth, W. T. Barr on Sensation's Model 105651; sixth, J. H. & Duke Mahannah on O. K. No. 666 105539; seventh, J. H. & Duke Mahannah on O. K. No. 666 II. Junior Boar Pig ($12, $10, $S, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, J. H. & Duke Mahan- nah on Big low^an 105541; second, W. T. Barr on Sensation's Prince 105649; third, Buren R. Anderson on Bonnie's Favorite 105787; fourth, Chas. F. Brown on Giant Eclipser 106009; fifth, Chas. F. Brovi^n on Giant I Am 106007; sixth, G. R. Gilbert on Improver's Giant 105603; seventh, O. J. Browhard on Giant Man 1st 105343. LENGTHY PRINCE Grand Champion Chester White Boar. H. H. Kahl & Son, Lakota, Iowa. Aged Sow ($15, $12, $S, $6, $4, $3, $2)— First, Hawkeye Farms on Bueh- ler's Kind 5th 158192; second, Chas. F. Brown on Alfalfa Lady 177888; third, Chas. F. Brown on Lady Lue 157954; fourth. Bruce R. Vale on Mona X 34838; fifth, Leonard Willey on Princess Industry 105844; sixth, J. L. Barber on Dunlap Betty 177048; seventh, John Branckle on Soldier's Creek Surprise 133162. Senior Yearling Sow ($15, $12, $8, $(5, $4, $.'!. $2) — First, W. T. Barr on Mi.ss Sensation 9th 246804; second, Hawkeye Farms on Grace Again 218504; third, J. L. Barber on Royal Beauty's Model 209834; fourth, J. P. Walters & Son on Ruth Law III 206228; fifth, C. F. Brown on Alfalfa Supreme; sixth, Hawkeye Farms on Valley's Queen 208268; seventh, J. E. Foster on Miss Leader 208040. Junior Yearling Sow ($15, $12, $8, $6. $4, $3, $2) — F^irst, E. H. Kahl & Son on Princess Queen II 208110; second, E. H. Kahl & Son on Big Bess II 206974; third, W. T. Barr on Hiland Lady 7th 246802; fourth, Leonard Willey on White Maid 206720; fifth, W. T. Barr on I. S. C. 8020 217292; sixth, Leonard Willey on Topsy Girl 247002; seventh, Hawkeye Farms on Hawkeye's Best Yet 246848. Senior Sow Pig ($12, $10, $8, $6. $4, $3. $2)— First. Buren R. Anderson on Ida of Bonnie Crest 247022; second, Chas. F. Brown on Juanita 2474(JU; third. 286 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV W. T. Barr on Lady Marie 3d 246S0S: fourth, J. H. & Duke Mahannah on O. K.'s W. P. Ill 2465S2; fifth, J. H. & Duke Mahannah on Big Sal; sixth, W. T. Barr on Lady Marie 2d 246806; seventh, Hawkeye Farms on Hawkeye Lady II 244830. Junior Sow Pig ($12, $10, $8, $G, $4, $3, $2)— First, J. H. & Duke Mahan- nah on G. lowana 246585; second, J. H. & Duke Mahannah on G. lowana II 246584; third. B. M. Boyer on Lady Advance 244762; fourth, W. T. Barr on .Miss Lenora A. 246792; fifth, W. T. Barr on Miss Lenora B. 246794; sixth. Buren R. Anderson on Snow Ball 6th 247030; seventh. O. J. Brouhard on Lady O'War 246328. Senior Clianipion Boar ($10) — E. H. Kahl & Son on Lengthy I'rince 65625. Junior C^Iianipion Boar ($10) — E. H. Kahl & Son on Prince Defender 104279. (^rand Clianipion Boar, Any Age ($15) — E. H. Kahl & Son on Lengthy Prince 65625, PRINCE DEFENDER Junior and Senior Champion Chester White Boar. H. H. Kahl & Son, Lakota, Iowa. .Senior Cliamiiion Sow (^$lu) — E. H. Kahl & Son on Princess Queen II 208110. Junior Champion Sow ($10)— J. H. & Duke Mahannah on G. lowana 2465S5. Grand Cliamiiion Sow, Any Age ($15) — E]. H. Kahl & Son on Princess Queen II 208110. Aged Herd, Owned by £:xliil>itor ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, E. H. Kahl & Son; second, W. A. McMahon; third Hawkeye Farms; fourth, Louis L. McClure; fifth, Chas. F. Brown; sixth, W. T. Barr; seventh, Buren R. Anderson. Aged Herd, Owned and Bred by Exhibitor ($15, $12, $8, $6) — First. Leon- ard Willey; second, J. L. Barber; third, Bruce R. Vale; fourth, Bruce R. Vale. Young Herd, Owned by Exhibitor ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, J. H. & Duke Mahannah; second, "W. T. Barr; third Buren R. Anderson; fourth, O. J'. Brouhurd; fifth, Albert H. Stuart: sixth, B. M. Boyer; seventh. Bruce K. Vale. Young Herd, Owned and Bred by Exiiibitor ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, J. H. & Duke Mahannah; second, W. T. Barr; third, Buren R. Ander- AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 287 son; fourth. O. J. Brouharrt; fifth. B. :\[. Boyer; .^ixth. Briife R. Vale; seventh. G. R. Gilbert. Get of Sire ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, E. H. Kahl & Son; second, J. H. & Duke Mahannah; third, W. T. Barr; fourth Leonard Willey; fifth, Buren R. Anderson; sixth, O. J. Brouhard; seventh. J. L. Barber. Produce of Dam ($15, $12, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, J. H. & Duke Mahan- nah; second. W. T. Barr; third. Buren R. Anderson; fourth, O. J. Brouhard; fifth, J. L. Barber; sixth, Bruce R. Vale; seventh, B. M. Boj'er. CHESTER WHITE FUTURITY. Fall Boar ($2."). $15, $10) — First. J. L. Barber on International Chief 105261; second, J. H. & Duke Mahannah on O. K r.r.Cth 105530; third, J. H. «fc Duke Mahannah on Superintend. Fall Sow ($25, $15. $10) — First. Buren R. Ander.son on Ida of Bonnie Crest 247022; second, C. F. Brown on Juanita 2474G0; third, J. 11. & Duke Mahan- nah on O. K.'s W. P. 3d 246582. Spring Boar ($35, $30, $20, $15, $10, $8, $7, $5) — First, J. H. & Duke Ma- hannah on Big- lowan 105541; second, W. T. Barr on Sensation's Equal 105645; third, Buren R. Anderson on Bonnie's Favorite 105787; fourth, C. F. Brown on Giant Eclipser 106009; fifth, C. F. Brown on Giant I Am 106007; sixth, G. R. Gilbert on Improver's Giant 105603 ; seventh, O. J. Brouliard on Giant Man 105341; eighth, M. P. Herbert on Sunrise 105673. Spring Sow ($35, $30, $20, $15, $10, $8, $7, $5) — First, J. H. & Duke Mahan- nah on G. lowan 246586; second, J. H. & Duke Mahannah on G. lowan II 246582; third, B. M. Boyer on Lady Advance 244762; fourth, W. T. Barr on Miss Lenora A. 246792; fifth, W. T. Barr on Miss Lenora B. 246794; sixth, Buren R. Anderson on Snow Ball VI 247030; seventh, O. J. Brouhard on Lady O'War 246328; eighth. O. J. Brouhard on Lady O'War I 246322. Spring Pigs, Litter of Four ($35, $30, $20, $16, $12, $10, $9, $8) — First, J. H. & Duke Mahannah; second, W. T. Barr; third, Buren R. Anderson; fourth, O. J. Brouhard; fifth. E. H. Kahl & Son: sixth. B. M. Boyer & Son; seventh. C. F. Brown ; eight, J. R. Hornbaker. BERKSHIRES. Exhibitors — Buren R. Anderson, Storm Lake ; Clarence Dickcrson, Dallas Cen- ter ; Dale Fox, Dallas Center ; X. H. Gentry & Son, Sedalia. Missouri ; Jenkins Bros., Orleans, Indiana ; Francis Ober. Redfield ; Jno. Porter. Jr.. Bouton ; Rook- wood Farm. Ames ; Harold Smutz. Stockport. Judge Wilson Rowe^ Davenport. Iowa. Aged Boar ($15) — First, Jenkins Brothers on Aldora Superior 3d 274547. Senior Yearling Boar ($15, $12) — First, Rookwood on Ames Rival 209th 285883; second, Jenkins Brothers on Double Superior 2d 288672. Junior Yearling Boar ($15, $12, $8, $6) — First, Rookwood Farm on Lau- rel Epoch 291100; second, Jenkins Brothers on Successor's Superior 3d 302676; third, Jenkins Brothers on Repeater 303000; fourth, Rookwood Farm on Laurel Leader 29812S. Senior Boar Pig ($12, $10) — First, Jenkins Brothers on Repeater Model 304000; second, Jenkins Brothers on Repeater 3d 302609. Junior Boar Pig ($12, $10, $8, $6, $4) — First, Rookwood Farm on Ames Laurel 3d; second, Rookwood Farm on Ames Rival 221; third, Jenkins Brothers on Superior Prince 3d; fourth. Jenkins Brothers on Repeater 6th 302649; fifth, John Porter Jr. Aged Sow ($15, $12, $8, $6) — First, Rookwood Farm on Royal Lady 65 237767; second; Rookwood Farm on lowana Belle 102 274079; third, Jen- kins Brothers on Superior's Lenore 4th 278613; fourth. .Tenkins Brothers on Superb Dutchess 12th 253932. 288 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Senior Yearling Sow ($15, $12, $8, $6)— Firct, Rookwood Farm on lowana Lenore 76; second, Rookwood Farm on lowana Baroness 25th 293208; third, Jenkins Brothers on Successful Dutchess 20th 288674; fourth, Jenkins Brothers on Successful Dutchess 21st 288673. Junior Yearling Sow ($15, $12, $8, $6) — First, Rookwood Farm on Rook- wood Lady 178; second, Rookwood Farm on Rookwood Belle 33; third, Jen- kins Brothers on Superior's Dutchess 52d 301182; fourth, Jenkins Brothers on Successful Dutchess 25th 296175. Senior Sow Pig ($12, $10) — First, Jenlcins Brothers on Successful Dutch- ess 34th 302612; second, Jenkins Brothers on Successful Dutchess 2Hth 300943. Junior Sow Pig ($12, $10, $8, $6, $4, $3, $2) — First, Jenkins Brothers on Successful Dutchess 30th 301480; second, Jenkins Brothers on Successful Dutchess 31st 301481; third, Rookwood Farm on Rookwood Polly II; fourth. Rookwood F'arm on Rookwood Polly; fifth, Clarence Dickinson on Rook- wood Baroness 20th 302058; sixth. Dale Fox; seventh, Frances Ober on Rookwood Baroness 21st 302059. Senior Champion Boar ($10) — Rookwood Farm on Laurel Epoch 291100. Junior Champion Boar ($10) — Jenkins Brothers on Repeater Model 304000. Grand Champion Boar, Any Age ($15) — Rookwood Farm on Laurel Epoch 291100. Senior Champion Sow ($10) — Rookwood Farm on Royal Lady 65th. Junior Champion Sow ($10) — Jenkins Brothers on Successful Dutchess 34th 302612. Grand Champion Sow, Any Age ($15) — Rookwood Farm on Royal Lady 65th. Aged Herd, Owned by Exhibitor ($15, $12, $8) — First, Rookwood Farm; second, Jenkins Brothers; third, Jenkins Brothers. Aged Herd, Owned and Bred by Exhibitor ($15, $12, $8) — First Rook- wood Farm; second, Jenkins Brothers; third, Jenkins Brothers. Young Herd, Owned by Exhibitor ($15, $12, $8) — First, Jenkins Brothers; second, Jenkins Brothers; third, Rookwood Farm. Young Herd, Owned and Bred by Exhibitor ($15, $12, $8) — First, Jenkins Brothers; second, Jenkins Brothers; third, Rookwood Farm. Get of Sire ($15, $12, $8) — First, Jenkins Brothers; second, Jenkins Broth- ers; third, Rookwood Farm. Produce of Dam ($15, $12, $8) — First, Jenkins Brothers; second, Jenkins Brothers; third, Rookwood Farm. HAMPSHIRES. Exhibitors — J. W. Brewer & Son, Douds ; W. H. Carmichael, Brooklyn ; P. P. Ceder, Genoa, Nebraska ; Cole & Joy, Thurman ; M. A. DeKalb, Leon ; Edw. Dooley, Selma ; Donald Dunham, Dunlap ; Geo. Erb and Son, Pleasantville ; Ernest T. Eness. Gilbert ; Edith Gingrich, Fairfield ; Ernest Gingrich, Fairfield ; Hampaullina Farm. Paullina ; Karl Hansen, Dallas Center ; W. R. Hanna & Sons, Harvey ; N. B. Haskins, Cantril ; E. R. Hem, Selma ; Hendrickson & Lang Bros., Brooklyn ; W. A. Herzog, Baxter ; Charles Hibbs, Legrand ; Ralph Hibbs, Legrand ; L. T. Hibbs, Legrand ; Leslie Hoskin, Cantril ; Frank E. Huston & Son, Waukee ; H. R. Hutchinson, Kelley ; E. E. Johnson, Genoa, Nebraska; Forrest Johnson, Fairfield ; Lucile Johnson. Atlantic ; Leon E. Joy, Ames ; Chas. Kelley & Sons, Edenwold Farm, Iowa City ; Lensen Bros., Wyoming ; McConnell Bros.. Waukee ; Roy Manders, Waukee ; Leonard Meacham, Adelphi ; C. M. Merkley, Sac City ; Floyd Merical, Waukee ; Carl Messa, Fairfield ; M. C. Morrison. Adelphi ; Ray C, Peet, Martelle ; Harold E. Robinson, Rhodes ; Andrew Sharp. Dow City ; Art Shaw, R. F. D. No. 2, Oskaloosa ; Merle Sanford. Fairfield ; L. Summey & Sons, Pleasantville ; F. W. Timmerman, West Liberty ; Elmer Tow. Martelle ; Turner Bros.. DeWitt ; United States Gypsum Co., Ft. Dodge ; Jennings AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 289 Wagner, Grimes ; Boyd G. Weidlein, Webster City ; Albert Weiss, Denison ; Wal- ter Weiss, Denison ; Milton Werner, Fairfield ; Hazel Whitaker, Fairfield ; Wick- field Farms, Cantril ; Addie Wollam, Cantril. Judge R. L. Pemberton, Legrand, Iowa. Aged Boar (,$1S, $1;', $lu, $y, $S. $7, $6. $5)— First, Cole & Joy on Cole's Giant 74547; second, Wickfield Farms on Lookout O. Henry 846S3; third, F. W. Timmerman on Wickware Tommy 5S193; fourth, Hampaullina Farms on Sensation Jr. 74111; fifth, E. E. Johnson on Young Governor 90671; sixth, ]\ P. Cedar on Nebraska King 80305; seventh, Wickfield Farms on Chin's 'Tiant 80183; eighth, C. :M. ZVIerkley on Derby's Equal 54S3ri. COLE'S GIANT Grand Champion Hampshire Boar. Cole & Joy, Thurman, Iowa. Senior Yearling Boar ($18, $15, $10, $9, $8, $7, $6, $5) — First, M. C. Mor- rison on Hawkeye Marvel 89683; second, W^ickfield Farms on Longfellow's Perfection 93105; third, Hendrickson & Lang Brothers on Lookout Henry 9(J475; fourth, Hendrickson & Lang Brothers on Pershing Over 89653; fifth, E. E. Johnson on Genoa King 103405; sixth. Turner Brothers on Cookey 90181; seventh, P. P. Cedar on Hawkeye Lad III 82967; eighth, Art Shaw on Shaw's Giant 90751. Junior Yearling Boar ($18, $15. $10, $9, $8, $7, $6, $5) — First, Wickfield Farms on Balboa 98053; second, C. M. Merkley on The Pilot 96515; third, N. B. Haskins & Sons on Lookout Woodrow; fourth, Hendrickson & Lang Brothers on Today's Model 98787; fifth, Wickfield Farms on Wickw^are Pipper; sixth, E. E. Johnsdn on Nebraska Wonder 247144; seventh, F. W. Timmerman on Wickware Tommy Favorite 90769; eighth, M. C. Morrison on Prince Charmer's Equal 89695. Senior Boar Pig ($18, $15, $10, $9, $8, $7, $6, $5) — First, Elmer Tow on The Country Gentleman 103303; second, Lensen Brothers on Peerless King 101759; third. Kelley & Sons on Tommy Boy 103319; fourth, Wickfield Farms on Lookout Taxi; fifth, M. C. Morrison on Demonstrator 102933; sixth, Leon E. Joy on Velvet Joe 103651; seventh, C. M. Merkley on Cavi- lier Lad 103285; eighth, Lensen Brothers on Count Peerless 103563. Junior Boar Pig ($18, $15, $10, $9, $8, $7, $6, $5) — First, Kelley & Sons on Monarch's Defender 103327; second, Boyd G. Weidlein on Sunny Height Star 102869; third, C. M. Merkley on Derby's Model 103277; fourth, M. C. 19 290 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Morrison on Hawkeye Marvel Again 102945; fifth, Elmer Tow on Parole's Charmer 103305; sixth, F. W. Timmerman on Model's King 103841; seventh, "Wickfield Farms; eighth, Albert "Weiss. Aged Sow $18, $15, $10, $9, $8, $7, $6, $5) — First, E. E. Johnson on Silver Queen I Am 209068; second, E. E. Johnson on Silver Queen I Am II 209066; third, P. P. Cedar on Hawkeye Lady III 157378; fourth, F. W. Timmerman on Alice Pershing 159098; fifth, P. P. Cedar on Lady Sunshine 213844; sixth, Wickfield Farms on Miss Garnet 142094; seventh, M. C. Morrison on May- flower Lass 208610; eighth, W. A. Herzog on Long Bess 10th 189960. Senior Yearling Sow $18, $15, $10, $9, $8, $7, $6, $5)— First, Wickfield Farms on Rosemary Wickware 214240; second, "Wickfield Farms on Roxy Nell Lookout 212222; third, F. W. Timmerman on Lady Aurora 208632; fourth, McConnell Brothers on Walnut Girl 179384; fifth, Boyd G. Weid- lein on Favorite's Perfection 208570; sixth, Cole & Joy on Snow Girl 208144; seventh, W. H. Carmichael on Topsy 8th 222282; eighth, M. C. Morrison on Hawkeye Princess 208616. Junior Yearling- Sow ($18, $15, $10, $9, $8, $7, $6, $5) — First, Elmer Tow on Wild Fire 216854; second, F. W. Timmerman on Miss Rexetta 219848; third, Boyd G. Weidlein on Flora Tipton Starlight 245708; fourth. Cole & Joy on First Pride 249435; fifth. W. H. Carmichael on Marion 1st 224188; sixth, Wickfield Farms on Lookout Belle 242868; seventh, Wickfield Farms on Lookout Betsy 242866; eighth, Kelley & Sons on Baby Cherokee 220838. Senior Sow Pig ($18, $15, $10, $9, $8, $7, $6, $5) — First, Elmer Tow on Ruby Parole 251614; second, M. C. Morrison on Fair Lady 250480; third, C. M. Merkley on Iowa Queen 251580; fourth, C. M. Merkley on Iowa Prin- cess 251578; fifth, Kelley & Sons on Lieutenant Caroline 251650; sixth, W. H. Carmichael on Topsy 14th 249844; seventh, Kelley & Sons on Topsy 13th 249842; eighth, F. ^V. Timmerman on W. L. Lad's Doll 253102. Junior Sow Pig ($18, $15, $10, $9, $8, $7, $6, $5)— First, F. W. Timmer- man; second, H. E. Robinson on Mandy's Fashion; third, F. W. Timmer- man; fourth, Kelley & Sons on Monarch's Queen 251656; fifth, L. T. Hibbs; sixth, M. C. Morrison on Hawkeye Dutchess 250490; seventh, Elmer Tow on Josie Lady 251626; eighth, Harold G. Hargis on Mabel Tiptonia 254804. Senior Champion Boar ($10) — Cole & Joy on Cole's Giant 74547. Junior Champion Boar ($10) — Elmer Tow on The Country Gentleman 103303. Grand Champion Boar, Any Age ($10) — Cole & Joy on Cole's Giant 74547. Senior Champion Sow ($10) — Elmer Tow on Wild Fire 216854. Junior Champion Sow ($10) — Elmer Tow on Ruby Parole 251614. Grand Champion Sow, Any Age ($10) — Elmer Tow on WMld Fire 216854. Aged Herd, Owned by Exhibitor ($20, $15, $12, $10, $8, $7, $6, $5) — First, "Wickfield Farms; second, F. W. Timmerman; third. Cole & Joy; fourth, E. E. Johnson; fifth, M. C. Morrison; sixth, P. P. Cedar; seventh, Elmer Tow; eighth, C. M. Merkley. Aged Herd, Owned and Bred by Exhibitor ($20, $15, $12, $10, $8, $7, $6, $5) — First, Wickfield Farms; second, E. E. Johnson; third, Elmer Tow; fourth. Turner Brothers; fifth, Boyd G. Weidlfein; sixth, Wickfield Farms; seventh. Cole & Joy; eighth, W. H. Carmichael. Young Herd, Owned by Exhibitor ($20, $15, $12. $10, $8, $7, $6, $5) — First, Elmer Tow; second, Kelley & Sons; third, F. W. Timmerman; Fourth, C. M. Merkley; fifth Kelley & Sons; sixth, Wickfield Farms; seventh, M. C. Mor- rison; eighth, F. W. Timmerman. Young Herd, Owned and Bred by Exhibitor ($20, $15, $12, $10, $8, $8, $8, $6) — First, Elmer Tow; second, Kelley & Sons; third, F. W. Timmerman; fourth, C. M. Merkley; fifth, Kelley & Sons; sixth, Wickfield Farms; seventh, M. C. Morrison; eighth, F. W. Timmerman. Get of Sire ($20, $15, $12, $10, $8, $8, $8, $6) — First. Elmer Tow; second, M. C. Morrison; third, Cole & Joy; fourth, Wickfield Farms; fifth, E. E. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 291 Johnson; sixth, Kelley & Sons; seventh, F. W. Timmerman; eighth, Boyd G. Weidlein. Produce of Dam ($20, $15, $12, $10, $8, $8, $8, $6) — First, Elmer Tow; second. Cole & Joy; third, M. C. Morrison; fourth, Kelley & Sons; fifth, E. E. Johnson; sixth, Wickfield Farms; seventh, Boyd G. Weidlein, eighth, W. H. Carmichael. SPECIAL PRIZES. Offered bj' the American Hampshire Swine' Record Association and the Iowa Hampshire Breeders' Association. Four Pig-s, Any Sex, Under Six Month.s, Bred and Exhibited by a Resi- dent of Iowa ($50, $50 Trophy, $25 Trophy) — First, Boyd G. Weidlein; sec- ond, L. T. Hibbs; third, C. M. Merkley. Offered by the Iowa Hampshire Breeders' Association. Best Boar Pig, I'nder Six Months, Shown by Resident of Iowa ($5 0 Ster- ling Silver Trophy) — Charles Kelley & Sons. Best Sow Pig, Under Six Months, Shown by Resident of I«>wa ($50 Ster- ling Silver Trophy) — F. W. Timmerman. HAMPSHIRE ADVOCATE SPECIAL. Best Pair of Pigs (Boar and Sow), Under Six Months, Shown by Resident of Iowa ($200)— M. C. Morrison. LARGE YORKSHIRES. Exhibitors — Merle & Bennie Davidson, Menlo : B. F. Davidson. Menlo ; Mrs. A. E. Engebretson, Adel ; Otis Morris, Guthrie Center. Judge Wilson Rowe^ Davenport, Iowa. Aged Boar ($10, $8) — First, B. F. Davidson on Deer Creek Royal 16th 27934; second, B. F. Davidson on Oak Lodge Famous 271st 69463. Junior Yearling Boar ($8, $G, $4) — First, B. F. Davidson on Deer Creek High Class; second, B. F. Davidson on Deer Creek Royal 18th 28929; third, Mrs. A. E. Engebretson on Lake Park Hoge 29139. Senior Boar Pig ($8, $6, $4) — First, B. F. Davidson on Deer Creek Royal 22d 29496; second, Merle & Bennie Davidson on Deer Creek M. &. B. 29501; third, Mrs. A. E. Engebretson on Lake Park Famous 7th 29294. Junior Boar Pig ($8, $6) — First, B. F. Davidson on Deer Creek Sardis 7th 29512; second, B. F. Davidson on Deer Creek Sardis 6th 29511. Aged Sow ($10, $8) — First, B. F. Davidson on Deer Creek Elma 4th 24198; second, B. F. Davidson on Deer Creek Lady R. II 27939. Senior Yearling Sow ($10) — First, B. F. Davidson on Deer Creek Delia 31st 28885. Junior Yearling Sow ($8) — First, B. F. Davidson on Hill Top Mildred 29150. Senior Sow Pig ($8, $6, $4, $2, H. C, C.) — First, B. P. Davidson on Deer Creek Ruby 15th 29507; second, B. F. Davidson on Deer Creek Delia 37th 29519; third, Merle & Bennie Davidson on Deer Creek Rena B. 29502; fourth, Merle & Bennie Davidson; fifth, Mrs. A. E. Engebretson. Junior Sow Pig ($8, $6, $4, $2) — First, Mrs. A. E. Engebretson; second, Mrs. A. E. Engebretson; third, B. F. Davidson on Deer Creek Lally R. 10th 29515; fourth, B. F. Davidson on Deer Creek Lally R. 9th 29514. Senior Champion Boar ($10) — B. F. Davidson on Deer Creek Royal IGth 27934. Junior Champion Boar ($10) — B. F. Davidson on Deer Creek Roval 22d 29496. Grand Champion Boar, Any Age ($15) — B. F. Davidson on Deer Creek Royal 16th 27934. 292 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Junior Champion Sow ($10)— Deer Creek Delia 31st 28885. Grand Champion Sow, Any Age ($15) — Deer Creek Delia 31st 2SS85. Aged Herd, Owned by Exhibitor ($10) — First, B. F, Davidson. Aged Herd, Owned and Bred by Exhibitor ($10) — First, B. F. Davidson. Young Herd, Owned by Exhibitor ($10, $8, $6, $4) — First, B. F. David- son; second, Merle & Bennie Davidson; third, Mrs. A. E. Eng-ebretson; fourth, B. F. Davidson. Young Herd, Owned and Bred by Exhibitor ($10, $8, $0) — First, B. F. Davidson; second, Merle & Bennie Davidson; third, B. F. Davidson. Get of Sire ($10, $8, $6) — First, B. F. Davidson; second, B. F. Davidson; third. Merle & Bennie Davidson. Produce of Dam ($10, $8) — First, B. F. Davidson; second, Merle & Ben- nie Davidson. TAMWORTHS. Exhibitors — B. F. Harris Farms, Seymour, Illinois ; .T. W. Justice and Son, Iowa City ; D. M. Overholt, Iowa City ; Propst Bros., Iowa City ; Dr. E. O. Thomas & Bros., Iowa City ; H. B. Wallace, Des Moines. Judge. . Wilson Rowe^ Davenport, Iowa. Aged Boar ($10, $8, $6, $4, H. C.) — First, D. M. Overholt on Iowa Long Boy 23363; second, Propst Brothers on Dutch Prince VII 23758; third, B. F. Harris Farms on Dennis 24173; fourth. Dr. E. O. Thomas & Brothers on denary Osker 23756; fifth, B. F. Harris Farms on denary XIV 23039. Senior Yearling Boar ($10) — First, B. F. Harris Farms on K. S. Rival 24584. Junior Yearling Boar ($8, $6, $4, $2) — First, J. W. Justice & Son on Golden Rod Rival 24737; second, Propst Brothers on Ardmore Ben 25343; third, Dr. E. O. Thomas & Brothers on denary Quaker 24546; fourth, D. M. Overholt on Mr. B. 24804. Senior Boar Pig ($8, $6, $4, $2. H. C, C.)— First, B. F. Harris Farms on Home Farm King XII 25210; second, Propst Brothers on Prince A. 25514; third, D. M. Overholt on Mr. Oaks II 25461; fourth, J. W. Justice & Son on Fremont Lad 25529; fifth, B. F. Harris Farms on Home Farm Duke I 25488. Junior Boar Pig ($8, $6, $4, $2, H. C, C.) — First, J. W. Justice & Son; second, J. W. Justice & Son; third, Propst Brothers on Jasper 25520; fourth, Propst Brothers on Lucky Duchess 25519; fifth, B. F. Harris Farms on Home Farm Duke VIII 25505; sixth, B. F. Harris Farms on Home Farm Duke XI 25508. Aged Sow ($10, $8, $6, $4, H. C, C)— First, J. W. Justice & Son on Ard- more Perfection 23837; second, B. F, Harris Farms on Miss Knowle XII 21814; third, Propst Brothers on Greenwood Elba 23057; fourth, B. F. Harris Farms on Ardmore Fidelia 24259; fifth. Dr. E. O. Thomas & Brothers on Dutch Queen VI 24622; sixth, J. W. Justice & Son on Lady Rose of Green- wood 24483. Senior Yearling Sow ($10, $8, $6, $4) — First. B. F. Harris Farms on Bear Creek Pansy 24461; second, B. F. Harris Farms on Lady Rose of Green- wood 24641; third, J. W. Justice & Son on Purple Model II; fourth, Propst Brothers on Ardmore 2d 25332. Junior Yearling Sow ($8, $6, $4. $2, H. C) — First. B. F. Harris Farms on Glenary Choice 24899; second, B. F. Harris Farms on Maggie H. 24901; third, Dr. E. O. Thomas & Brothers on Glenary Leta 24542; fourth, Dr. E. O. Thomas & Brothers on Glenary Alto 24533; fifth, Propst Brothers on Edith of Ardmore 24990. Senior Sow Pig ($8, $6, $4, $2. H. C, C.)— First, J. W. Justice & Son on Fremont Lady I 25530; second, J. W. Justice & Son on Fremont Lady 25531; third, B. F. Harris Farms on Home Farm Queen XI 25215; fourth, Propst AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 293 Brothers on Belle of Ardmore 25515; fifth, Propst Brothers on Lassie 25516; sixth, D. M. Overholt on Seven Oaks Lady I 25470. Junior Sow Pig ($8, $6, $4, $2, H. C, C.) — First, J. AV. Justice & Son; sec- ond, J. W. Justice & Son; third. Propst Brothers on Eternal 25517; fourth, Propst Brothers on Ardmore Rose 25518; fifth, D. M. Overholt on Miss Mary I 25450; sixth, D. M. Overholt on Miss Mary II 25451. Senior Chamiiion Boar ($10) — J. W. Justice & Son. Junior Champion Boar ($10) — B. F. Harris Farms. Grand Champion Boar, Any Age ($15) — J. "\A'. Justice & Son. Senior Champion Sow ($10) — J. "SV. Justice & Son. Junior Champion Sow ($10) — J. W. Justice & Son. Grand Champion Sow, Any Age ($15) — J. W. Justice & Son. Aged Herd, Owned by Exhibitor ($10, $8, $6. $4, H. C.) — First, J. W. Jus- tice & Son: second, B. F. Harris Farms; third, B. F. Harris Farms; fourth, Dr. E. O. Thomas & Brothers; fifth, Propst Brothers. Aged Herd, Owned and Bred by E^xhibitor ($10) — First, Dr. E. O. Thomas & Brothers. Young Herd, Owned by Exhibitor ($10, $8, $6, $4, H. C, C.) — First, J. W. Justice & Son; second, J. W. Justice & Son; third, Propst Brothers; fourth, B. F. Harris Farms; fifth, D. M. Overholt; sixth, D. M. Overholt. Toung Herd, Owned and Bred by Exhibitor ($10, $8, $6, $4, H. C.)— First, J. W. Justice & Son; second, Propst Brothers; third, B. F. Harris Farms; fourth, D. M. Overholt; fifth, D. M. Overholt. Get of Sire ($10, $8, $6, $4, H. C, C.) — First, J. W. Justice & Son; second, J. W. Justice & Son; third. Dr. E. O. Thomas & Brothers; fourth, Propst Brothers; fifth, B. F. Harris Farms; sixth, B. F. Harris Farms. Produce of Dam ($10, $8, $6, $4, H. C, C.) — First, J. W. Justice & Son; secoijd, J. W. Justice & Son; third, Propst Brothers; fourth, B. F. Harris Farms; fifth, B. F. Harris Farms; sixth, D. M. Overholt. BOYS AND GIRLS' PIG CLUB, Exhibitors — Henry Andcrt, West Bend ; Charles Baldwin, Gladbrook ; Paul B. Barger, Audubon ; James Nelson Barrie, Ames ; John Robert Barrie, Ames ; Ralph Beane, Legrand ; Theodore Beatty. Valley Junction ; Delbert Bei'ry, Atlan- tic ; Ralph Berry, Atlantic ; Mydrian Boyer, Farmington ; Ralph Brehmor, Atlan- tic ; Clyde Brittain. Earlham ; Virgil Brock, Adel ; Arline Brown, Webster City ; Clarence Brown, Grundy Center ; Glenn Brown, Grundy Center ; Harold Bryan, Arion ; James Buchanan, Adel"; Wm. Buchanan, Adel ; Jack Burkett, Minburn ; George Burnstedt, R. 1, Des Moines ; Oliver Burnstedt, R. 1, Des Moines ; Joseph Caputa, Marshalltown ; Emil Carstens. Buck Grove ; Wilbert Carsteus. Buck Grove ; Dorothy Chandler. Fairfield ; Robert Chronn ; Thomas Clark. Elkhart ; Donald Clayton, Waukee ; Lucille Coffin, Stockport ; Ruth Coffin. Stockport ; Darrell Colley, Knoxville ; Ralph Comfort, Hubbard ; Lola Crawford, Stockport ; Merrill Crase, Redfield ; Clifford Danielson. Fairfield ; Everett Dann, Waukee ; Howard Dann, Waukee ; Mary P. Dannen, Melbourne ; Clarence Dick- erson, Dallas Center ; Ronald Diggins, Melbourne ; Laurence Dittmer, Burt ; Donald Dunham, Dunlap ; Chas. Ellerman, Dallas Center ; Homer Ellerman, Dallas Center ; Dale Fox, Dallas Center ; Virgil Fox, Dallas Center ; Robert Geil. Des Moines ; Earnest Gingrich, Fairfield ; Edith Gingrich. Fairfield ; Graham Bros., Brooklyn; Eva Graham, Osceola; George A. Graham, Burt; John Graham, Osceola ; Arlo Grumpost, East Pleasant Plain ; Pearl Hagan, Norwalk ; Arnold Haggee, Bondurant ; Irvin Haggee, Bondurant ; Mae Hagen, Norwalk; Allen Hainline, Polk City ; Harold Hainline, Polk City ; Wm. Hanks. New London ; Herbert Hannah, Batavia ; Karl Hansen, Dallas Center ; Zona D. Hanshaw, Douds ; Clarence Hanson, Atlantic ; Lester Hanson, Atlantic ; Mildred Hanson. Atlantic ; Lewis Harding, Rockwell City ; Marlyn Hasbrouch, Grundy Center ; Harold Hargis, Cincinnati ; Palmer Hawk, Fairfield ; Frank Hawker, West Lib- erty ; Fred Hawker, West Liberty ; Ada Herbert, Atlantic ; Joe Herbert, Atlan- 294 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV tic ; Wm. Herbert, Atlantic ; Charles Hibbs. Legrand ; Ralph Hibbs, Legrand ; Carroll Hollingshead, Knoxville ; Herbert Hbnette, Stanton ; Hershall Honnald. Monroe ; Leslie Hoskin, Cantril ; Earnest Hostetter, Grundy Center ; Haley Howell, Cumberland ; Allen Hoy. Adel ; F. Burton Huston, Waukee ; Elmer James, Selma ; Morte James, New Virginia ; Ralph James. New Virginia ; E. Tracy Jay- cox, Kamrar ; Ethel Johnson, Atlantic ; Lucille Johnson, Atlantic ; Edwin Jus- tice, Ankeny ; Harold Justice, Ankeny ; Fred Katzer, Conrad ; Donald Kean, Grimes ; Allen Keating, Clive ; Charles Keating, Clive ; John Keating, Clive ; Edward Kinsey, Grimes ; John T. Kinsey, Grimes ; Watson & Merrill Kimm, Guthrie Center ; Jessie Klein, Altoona ; John Knop, Atlantic ; Lydia Knop. At- lantic ; Arthur Knopp, Charter Oak ; Harold Launspouch, Norwalk ; Geo. T. Leonard, Perry ; Albert Lengeman, Coon Rapids ; Benjamin McClanahan, Mitchell- ville ; Francis McClure, Cincinnati ; Mabel Mark. Adel ; Irdis Martin ; Charles Meacham, Rising Sun ; Floyd Merical, Waukee ; Hazel Messamer, Adel ; Carl Messer, Fairfield ; Perry Miller, Malcom ; Adrian Minetor, Altoona ; Irene Moller, Atlantic ; Ora Moller, Atlantic ; Ralph Moore. Algona ; Loren Mullins, Adel ; Zeta Neal, Atlantic ; Dwain Neifert, Attica ; G. A. Neifert. Attica ; Clarence Nelson, Iowa Falls ; Harold Nelson, Douds ; Walter Nelson, Iowa Falls ; Beaulah Newton, Knoxville ; John R. Nichol, Gilman ; Leland Norris. Tracy ; Francis Ober, Redfield ; Corwin W. Overton, Knoxville ; Paul Palm, Fairfield ; Eugene Parsons, Rockwell City ; Fay Perry, Gilman ; Edward Peterson, Denison ; Carroll Plager, Grundy Center ; Russell Plager, Grundy Center ; Wilbur Plager, Grundy Center ; John Porter, Jr., Bouton ; Robert Powell, Denison ; Richard Pritchard, Bondurant; Corwin Redman, Altoona; Clarence Renaud, Bondurant ; Clifford Richardson, Vail ; Wayne Rhodes. New Providence ; R. Richardson. Grimes ; Harold Roalson, Swea City ; Harold Robinson, Rhodes ; Lennie Royer, Adel ; Clarence Runft, Reinbeck ; Ernest Salts. Fairfield ; Willie Sarver. Tracy ; Theodore Sells. Adel ; Herbert Schmitt ; Walter Schuyhart, Grundy Cen- ter ; Andrew Sharp, Dow City ; Robert Sharp. Dow City ; Fleda Edith Ship- ley, Indianola ; Helen M. Shipley, Indianola ; E. Leland Shipley, Indianola ; Owen Shubel, Guthrie Center ; Gwenn Simmons. Guthrie Center ; Olmer Simmons, Guthrie Center ; Paul Smith, Atlantic ; Harold Smutz, Stockport ; Leonard Staker. Woodward ; Merle Stanford, Fairfield ; Willie E. Stoehr, Grundy Center ; Paul L. Stratt, Red Oak ; Earl Stuart, Route 1, Des Moines ; Harold Stuart, Route 1, Des Moines ; Herman L. Summey, Pleasantville ; Mark A. Summey, Pleasantville ; Harold Swallow, Valey Junction ; Henry Teter, Guthrie Center ; Dwight Thomp- son, Valley Junction ; Mabel Thompson, Atlantic ; Mildred Thompson, Atlantic ; Opal Thompson, Atlantic ; Zella Thompson, Atantic ; Tom Tomlinson. Bondurant ; V. Tomlinson, Bondurant ; Claire Trenean, Rockwell City ; George Trindle, Van Meter ; Jennie E. Turner, DeWitt ; Willie Turner, DeWitt ; Herman Turnstra, Otley ; John Vandevender, Jr., Adel ; Jennings Wagner, Grimes ; Cecil Walte- meyer, Melbourne ; Walter Weiss, Denison ; Milton Werner, Fairfield ; Austin Wheatley, Fairfield ; Hazel Whitaker. Fairfield ; Glenn Windom. Nodaway ; Addle Wollam, Cantril ; Dale Wollenzien. Rockwell City ; Harold Zellmar, Atlantic ; Oscar Zellmar, Atlantic ; Mildred Zellmar, Atlantic. C R. C. AsHBT, Des Moines, Iowa. Judges ' ' I Arthur L. Andersox^ Ames, Iowa. HAMPSHIRE SECTION. Boar.s ($25, $20, $18, $15, $12, $10, $9, $8, $7, $6, $5, $4, $4, $4, $3) — First, Ralph Hibbs; second, Mark A. Summey on Donna's Pride 102251; third, F. Burton Huston on Pine Krest King; fourth, Karl Hansen on Bill; fifth, Graham Brothers on Pershing Victory; sixth, Ralph Beaue; seventh, Don- ald Dunham on Donald 1st 102797; eighth, Beulah Newton; ninth, Hershall Honnold; tenth, Ralph Hibbs; eleventh, Herman L. Summey on Sadie's Choice 102257; twelfth, Hershall Honnold; thirteenth, Charles Hibbs on Sandy 103331; fourteenth, Ralph Beaue; fifteenth, Herman Turnstra, Sows ($25, $20, $18, $15, $12, $10, $9, $8, $7, $6, $5, $4. $4, $4, $3) — First, Harold Hargis on Lipton's Mary; second, Harold Robinson; third, F. Bur- ton Huston on Pine Krest Roma; fourth, AValter AVeise; fifth, Leslie Hos- AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 295 kins on De Kalb's Queen 251S3G; .sixth, I^eonard Meacliam; seventh, Clar- ence Renard; eighth, Milton Werner on Lady Lookout 2d 247746; ninth, Ardin Cockrel; tenth, Charles Meacham; eleventh, Karl Hanson on Betty; twelfth, Harold Nelson on Lady May 249S38; thirteenth, Gerald Forbes; fourteenth, Lucile Johnson; fifteenth, Beulah Newton. Litter ($25, $20, $18, $12, $10, $10, 5) — First, F. Burton Huston; second, Ralph Hibbs; third, Herman L. Summey; fourth, Walter Weise; fifth, Don- ald Dunham; sixth, Ralph Beaue; seventh, Hershall Honnold. CHESTER WHITE SECTION. Boars ($20, $17, $14, $12, $10, $9, $8, $7, $6, $5, $3, $3)— First, Arline Brown on Giant Eclipser 106009; second, Arline Brown on Giant I Am; third, My- drian Boyer on Perfect Type 104689; fourth, Margarite McMahon; fifth, Mydrian Boyer on Perfect Type 2d 104687; sixth, William Herbert; seventh, Clarence Runft; eighth, Clarence Runft; ninth. Robert Powell; tenth, Ralph James on Fair Rose 2409G2; eleventh, Loyd Walters; twelfth, Mortie James on Lengthy Lady. Sows ($20, $17, $14, $12, $10, $9, $8, $7, $6, $5, $3, $3)— First, Mydrian Boyer on Type Perfection 244770; second, Arline Brown on Lady Lue 2d 247466; third, William Herbert; fourth, Mildred Thompson; fifth, Clarence Runft; sixth, Robert Powell; seventh, Herbert Schmidt; eighth, Ralph James on White Elephant 10573; ninth, Ethel Johnson; tenth, Mortie James on Valley View Monster; eleventh, Edward Kinsey; twelfth, John Kinsey. Litter ($20, $17, $12, $10, $8, $5) — First, Mydrian Boyer; second, Arline Brown; third, Clarence Runft; fourth, William Herbert; fifth, Robert Pow- ell; sixth, Ralph James. DUROC JERSEY SECTION. Boars ($20, $18, $15, $12, $10, $9, $8, $7, $6, $5, $4, $3, $3, $3, $2) — First, Lester Hanson; second, Cecil Waltemeyer; third, Shubel Owen; fourth, Cecil Waltemeyer; fifth, Lydia Knop; sixth, Ora Moller; seventh, Austin Wheatley; eighth, Clarence Hanson; ninth, Oscar Zellmar; tenth, William Hanks; eleventh, Richard Cubbage; twelfth, Opal Thompson; thirteenth, Frank Hawker on Frank's King Taxpayer 406549; fourteenth, Wayne Rhodes; fifteenth, Harold Bryan. Sows ($20, $18, $15, $12, $10, $9, $8, $7, $6, $5, $4, $3, $3, $3, $2)— First, Clyde Brittain; second, Harold Swallow on Pathfinder Lassie; third, Lucile Coffin on Diamond's Pride 2d 1069492; fourth. Arthur Knopp; fifth, Austin Wheatley on Red Rose Orion 1071022; sixth, Harley Howell; seventh, Cecil Waltemeyer; eighth, Dorothy Chandler on Miss Pathfinder's Pride 9th 1072880; ninth, Harold Bryan; tenth, Herman Rube; eleventh, Lennie Royer; twelfth, Harold Swallow on Proud Bess 3d; thirteenth, Ralph Moore; four- teenth. Opal Thompson; fifteenth, Wilbert Herron. Litter ($20, $18, $12, $10, $10, $5) — First, Cecil Waltemeyer; second, Shu- bel Owen; third, Opal Thompson; fourth, Arthur Knopp; fifth, William Hanks; sixth, Albert Lengeman. POLAND CHINA SECTION. Boars ($15, $12, $10, $8, $7, $6, $6, $5, $5) — First, Oliver Burnstedt; sec- ond, Clifford Danielson; third, George Burnstedt; fourth, Adrian Minetor; fifth, Joseph Caputa; sixth, Leland Norris; seventh, Lola Crawford; eighth, Wilbert Carstens; ninth, Joseph Caputa. Sows ($15. $12, $10, $8, $7, $6, $6, $5, $5) — First. Oliver Burnstedt; second, Adrian Minetor; third, Ernest Salts on Reuelant's Maida 1090856; fourth, Ronald Diggens; fifth, George Burnstedt; sixth, Jesse Klein on lowana; seventh, G. A. Neibert; eighth, Clifford Danielson; ninth, Zeta Neal. Litter ($15, $12, $10, $8, $7) — First, Oliver Burnstedt; second, Ronald Diggins; third, Adrian IVlinetor; fourth, Lola Crawford; fifth, Herbert Honette. 296 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV SPOTTED POLAND CHINA SECTION. Boars ($15, $12, $10, $8, $7, $6, $6, $5, $5) — First, Ralph Berry; second, Tom Tomlinson; third. Gene Schooler; fourth, Willie E. Stoehr; fifth, Arlo Grunpost; sixth, Tom Tomlinson; seventh, Edward Peterson; eighth, John Vandevender; ninth, Jack Burkett. Sows ($15, $12, $10, $8, $7, $G, $6, $5, $5) — First, V. Tomlinson; second. Albert Pritchard; third, Idris Martin; fourth, Eug-ene Schooler; fifth, Mae Hagen; sixth, Jack Burkett; seventh, Mae Hagen ; eighth, Arnold Hagen; ninth, Ralph Berry. Litter ($15, $12, $10, $8, $7) — First, Eugene Schooler; second, Willie E. Stoehr; third, John Vandevender; fourth, Jack Burkett; fifth, Edward Peterson. BERKSHIRE SECTION. Boars ($20) — First, John Porter Jr. Sows ($20, $18, $15, $12, $10, $8, $7) — First, Francis Ober on Rookwood Baroness 21st 302059; second, Clarence Dickerson on Rookwood Baroness 20th 302058; third. Dale Fox on Rookwood Elnore 2d 302057; fourth, Cor- win Redman; fifth, James Nelson Barrie; sixth, John Robert Barrie; sev- enth, John Porter. SPECIAL. Offered by the Downing Electrical Company of Des Moines. Be.st Gilt or Boar (Scholarship to short course at Ames) — Francis Ober. COUNTY EXHIBIT SECTION. County Exhibit, to be Made Up of All Pigs Shown from One County. Award in this division, 50 per cent on tnimals and 50 per cent on winnings and individuality ($50, $40, $30, $25, $20, $18, $15, $12, $10, $10) — First, Dal- las County; second, Cass County; third, Polk County; fourth, Marshall County; fifth, Crawford County; sixth, Jefferson County; seventh, Marion County; eighth, Grundy County; ninth, Warren County; tenth, Muscatine County. FAT HOG SECTION. Pure Breds, Grade or Cross Breds, All Fed for Market Purposes. Three pigs farrowed on or after February 15, 1921, ($20, $18, $15, $12, $10, $10, $10, $5, $5, $5, $5, $5) — First, Virgil Brock; second, Herbert Schmidt; third, Ora Moller; fourth, Loren Mullins; fifth, Loren Mullins; sixth, Carroll Pla- ger; seventh, Mildred Zellmor; eighth, Mildred Zellmor; ninth, Loren Mul- lins; tenth, Glenn Brown; eleventh, Mildred Zellmor; twelfth. Fred Katzer. SHEEP DEPARTMENT. SupERiNTENDEXT Chas. Escher, Jr., Botna, Iowa. Exhibitors — A. J. Blakely & Son, Grinnell ; Clarence Bock, Davis City ; D. W. Bruns, Sigourney ; W. A. Buck, Humeston ; C. C. Croxen. West Liberty ; Delbert B. Craven, Knoxville ; Geo. Damrow, Roca, Nebraska ; Joe W. Edgar, New London ; Ellis Bros., Molino, Missouri ; Ernest T. Eness, Gilbert ; Elmer Frye & Sons, Corydon ; John Graham, Osceola ; John Graham & Son, Eldora ; Edmund Hanson, Dean ; Wade R, Hauser, Union ; Harris Farms. Seymour, Illinois ; Heatherhall Farms, Kellerton ; M. M. Heptonstall, Perry ; Iowa State College, Ames ; O. H. Kale. Winterset ; Daniel Leonard & Son. Corning ; Maple Grove Farm, Ames ; Jefferson H. Mathis. Ankeny ; J. D. Moore & Son, Mt. Pleas- ant ; F. A. Osen & Sons, Anita ; R. Schmid. Queen City, Missouri ; Sherwood Bros., Shelbyville, Missouri; E. G. Uhl. Station A. Ames; F. P. & O. R. Warner, Bloomfield ; Williams Bros.. Redfield ; R. C. Yohe. Ellerton. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 297 MERINO, CLASS "B." Judge Geo. E. Helser, LaFayette, Ohio. Best Ram, All 3Iutton Breeds (Iowa Sweepstakes) — Daniel Leonard & Son on 498813. Best E'w-e, All Mutton Breeds (Iowa Sweepstalies) — J. D. Moore & Son on 549198. Ram THvo Years Old or Over ($10, $8) — First, A. J. Blakely & Son; sec- ond, Joe "W. Edgar on Edgar's 110. Ram One Year Old and Under Two ($10, $8, $5) — First, A. J. Blakely & Son; second, A. J. Blakely & Son; third, Joe W, Edgar on Edgar's 126. Ram Under One Year ($10, $8, $5, $3) — First, Joe W. Edgar on Edgar's 127; second, A. J. Blakely & Son; third, A. J. Blakely & Son; fourth, Joe W. Edgar on Edgar's 131. Ewe Two Years Old or Over ($10, $8, $5) — First, A. J. Blakely & Son; second, A. J. Blakely & Son; third, Joe W. Edgar on Edgar's 101. Ewe One Year Old and Under Two ($10, $8, $5) — First, A. J. Blakely & Son; second, A. J. Blakely & Son; third, Joe W. Edgar on 123. Ewe Under One Year ($10, $8, $5, $3) — First, A. J. Blakely & Son; second. Joe W. Edgar on 120; third, Joe W. Edgar on 134; fourth, A. J. Blakely & Son. Champion Ram, Any Age ($10) — A. J. Blakely & Son on 153. Champion Ewe, Any Age ($10) — A. J. Blakely & Son on 2634. Flock ($12, $8) — First, A. J. Blakely &. Son; second, Joe W. Edgar. Get of Sire ($12, $8) — First, A. J. Blakely & Son; second, Joe W. Edgar. IOWA SPECIALS. Ram Two Years Old or Over ($8) — First, Joe W. Edgar on Edgar's 110. Ram One Year Old and Under Tw^o ($8, $6, $4) — First, A. J. Blakely & Son; second, Joe W. Edgar on 126; third, A. J. Blakely & Son. Ram Under One Year ($8, $6, $4) — First, A. J. Blakely & Son; second. A. J. Blakely & Son; third, Joe ^V. Edgar on 131. Ewe Two Years Old or Over ($S, $6) — First, A. J. Blakely & Son; second, Joe W. Edgar on 101. Ewe One Year Old and Under Two ($8, $6) — First, A. J. Blakely & Son; second, Joe W. Edgar on 123. Ewe Under One Year ($8, $6, $4) — First, Joe W. Edgar on 129; second, Joe W. Edgar on 134; third, A. J. Blakely &. Son. Champion Ram, Any Age ($5) — A. J. Blakely «& Son. Champion Ewe, Any Age ($5) — A. J. Blakely & Son. Flock ($10, $8) — First, A. J. Blakely & Son; second, Joe W. Edgar. Get of Sire ($10) — First, Joe W. Edgar. MERINO, CLASS "C." Judge Geo. E. Helsbr^ LaFayette, Ohio. Ram Two Years Old or Over ($10, $8, $5, $3) — First, A. J. Blakely & Son; second, F. F. & O. R. Warner; third, A. J. Blakely & Son; fourth, F. F. & O. R. Warner. Ram One Year Old and Under Two ($10, $8, $5. $3) — First, F. F. & O. R. Warner; second, A. J. Blakely & Son; third, A. J. Blakely & Son; fourth, F. F. & O. R. Warner. Ram Under One Year ($10, $8, $5, $3) — First, F. F. & O. R. Warner; sec- ond, A. J. Blakely & Sun; third, F. F. & O. R. Warner; fourth, A. J. Blakely & Son. 298 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Ewe Two Years Old or Over ($10, $8, $5. $3) — First, F. F. & O. R. Warner; second, A. J. Blakely & Son; third, F. F. & O. R. AVarner; fourth, A. J. Blakely & Son. Ewe One Year Old and Under Two ($10, $8, $5, $3) — F'irst, A. J. Blakely & Son; second, F. F. & O. R. Warner; third, A. J. Blakely & Son; fourth, F. F. & O. R. Warner. Ewe Under One Year ($10, $8, $5, 3) — First, F. F. & O. R. Warner; sec- ond, A. J. Blakely & Son; third, F. F. & O. R. Warner; fourth, A. J. Blakely & Son. Champion Ram, Any Ag-e ($10) — A. J. Blakely & Son. Champion Ewe, Any Age ($10) — F. F. & O. R. Warner. Flock ($12, $8, $6) — First, F. F. & O. R. Warner; second, A. J. Blakely & Son; third, Joe "W. Edgar. Get of Sire ($12, $8, $6) — First, F. F. & O. R. Warner; second, A. J. Blakely & Son; third, Joe W. Edgar. IOWA SPECIALS. Ram Two Year.s Old or Over ($8, $6, $4) — First, F. F. & O. R. Warner; second, A. J. Blakely & Son; third, F. F. & O. R. Warner. Ram One Year Old and Under Two ($8, $6) — First, A. J. Blakely & Son; second, F. F. & O. R. AVarner. Ram Under One Year ($8, $G, $4) — First, A. J. Blakely & Son; second, F. F. & O. R. Warner; third, A. J. Blakely & Son. Ewe Two Years Old and Over ($8, $6, $4) — First, A. J. Blakely & Son; second, F. F. & O. R. Warner; third, A. J. Blakely & Son. Ewe One Year Old and Under Two ($8, $6, $4) — First. F. F. & O. R. War- ner; second, A. J. Blakely & Son; third, F. F. & O. R. Warner. Ewe Under One Year ($S, $6, $4) — First, A. J. Blakely & Son; second, F. F. & O. R. Warner; third, A. J. Blakely & Son. Champion Ram, Any Age ($5) — F. F. & O. R. AVarner. Champion Ewe, Any Age ($5) — F. F. & O. R. Warner. Flock ($10, $8, $6) — First. A. J. Blakely & Son; second, F. F. & O. R. Warner; third, Joe W. Edgar. Get of Sire ($10, $8)— First, A. J. Blakely & Son; second, Joe W. Edgar. RAMBOUILLET. Judge Geo. E. Helser, LaFayette, Ohio. Ram Two Years Old or Over ($10) — First, C. C. Croxen. Ram One Year Old and Under Two ($10, $8) — First, C. C. Croxen; second, C. C. Croxen. Ram Under One Year ($10, $$, $5) — First, C. C. Croxen; second, C. C. Croxen; third, Iowa State College on I. S. C. 1003. Ewe Two Years Old or Over ($10, $8, $5) — First, Iowa State College on I. S. C. 687; second, Iowa State College on I. S. C. 053; third, C. C. Croxen. Ewe One Year Old and Under Two ($10, $8, $5, $3) — First. Iowa State College on I. S. C. 819; second, Iowa State College on I. S. C. 823; third, C. C. Croxen. Ewe Under One Year ($10, $8, $5, $3) — First, C. C. Croxen; second, C. C. Croxen; third, Iowa State College on I. S. C; fourth, Iowa- State College on I. S. C. Champion Ram, Any Age ($10) — C. C. Croxen. Champion Ewe, Any Age ($10) — Iowa State College. Flock ($12, $8)— First, C. C. Croxen; second, Iowa State College. Get of Sire ($12, $8)— First, C. C. Croxen; second, Iowa State College. AWARDS IOV\^A STATE FAIR 299 COTSWOLI). Judge H. Noel, Gibson^ Dundee, Illinois. Ram T>vo Years Old or Over ($8. $6, $5, $4, $3) — First, Elmer Frye & Sons; second, Geo. Allen & Sons; third, Geo. Allen & Sons; fourth, Joe W. Edg-ar; fifth, Elmer Frye & Sons. Ram One Year Old and Under Two ($8, $6, $5, $4, $3) — First, Joe W. Ed- gar on Edg-ar's 292 101G40; second, Geo. Allen & Sons on 5496; third, Geo. Allen & Sons on 54S2; fourth, Joe W. Edgar on Edgar's 298 101646; fifth, C. C. Croxen. Ram Under One Year (.$8, $6, $5, $4, $3) — First, Geo. Allen & Sons; sec- ond, Joe W. Edgar on Edgar's 301; third, Maple Grove Farm; fourth, Heatherhall Farms; fifth, Elmer Frye & Sons. Ewe T^vo Years Old or Over ($8, $6, $5, $4, $3) — First, Heatherhall Farms on 131 94961; second, Joe W. Edgar on 250 82935; third, Elmer Frye & Sons on 16 91323; fourth, Geo. Allen & Sons on 5339; fifth. Maple Grove Farm on 91323. Ewe One Year Old and Under Two ($8, $6, $5, $4, $3) — First, Geo. Allen & Sons on 5677; second, Geo. Allen & Sons on 5679; third, Joe W. Edgar on Edgar's 295 101643; fourth, C. C. Croxen on 321; fifth, Joe W. Edgar on Edgar's 297 101645. Ewe Under One Year ($8, $6, $5, $4, $3) — First, Geo. Allen & Sons on 5693; second, Geo. Allen & Sons on 5680; third, Heatherhall Farms on 65; fourth, Joe W. Edgar on Edgar's 304; fifth, Joe W. Edgar on Edgar's 306. Champion Ram, Any Age ($10) — Elmer Frye & Sons. Champion Ewe, Any Age ($10) — Heatherhall Farms. Flock ($10, $8, $5, $3) — First, Geo. Allen & Sons; second, Joe W. Edgar; third, Elmer Frye & Sons; fourth. Maple Grove Farm. Get of Sire ($10, $8, $5, $3) — First, Geo. Allen & Sons; second, Joe W. Edgar; third, Elmer Frye & Sons; fourth. Maple Grove Farm. IOWA SPECIALS. Ram Two Years Old or Over ($7, $5, $4, $2) — First, Joe W. Edgar on Edgar's 271; second, Elmer Frye & Sons on 4; third, Maple Grove Farm on 310 86718; fourth, Joe TV'. Edgar on Edgar's 226. Ram One Year Old and Untler Two ($7, $5, $4) — First, Joe W. Edgar on Edgar's 293; second, Joe W. Edgar on Edgar's 298; third, Elmer Frye & Sons on 61 101653. Ram Under One Year ($7, $5, $4, $2) — First, Joe W. Edgar on Edgar's 301; second. Maple Grove Farm on 457; third, Elmer Frye & Sons on 64; fourth, Elmer Frye & Sons on 66. Ewe Two Years Old or Over ($7, $5, $4, $2) — First, Joe W. Edgar on Edgar's 250; second, Elmer Frye & Sons on 16; third, Joe W. Edgar on Edgar's 266; fourth. Maple Grove Farm on 339 91323. Ewe One Year Old and Under Two ($7, $5, $4, $2) — First, Joe TV'. Edgar on Edgar's 295; second, Joe W. Edgar on Edgar's 297; third, Elmer Frye & Sons on 43 101650; fourth, Elmer Frye & Sons on 56 102347. Ewe Under One Year ($7, $5, $4, $2) — First, Joe W. Edgar on Edgar's 304; second, Joe W. Edgar on Edgar's 306; third, Elmer Frye & Sons'; fourth, Elmer Frye & Sons. Champion Ram, Any Age ($5) — Joe W. Edgar. Champion Ewe, Any Age ($5) — Joe W. Edgar. Flock ($8, $6, $5) — First, Joe W. Edgar; second, Elmer Frye & Sons: third. Maple Grove Farm. Get of Sire ($8, $6, $5)— First, Joe W. Edgar; second, Elmer Frye & Sons; third, Maple Grove Farm. 300 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV SPECIAL PRIZES. Offered by the American Cotswold Registry Association. Four Lambs, Either Sex, Get of Sire, Bred nnd Owned by Exhibitor In Iowa ($10, $5) — First, Joe W. Edgar; second, Elmer Frye & Sons. LINCOLN AND LEICESTER. Judge H. Noel Gibson, Dundee, Illinois. Ram Two Years Old or Over ($10, $8, $G) — First, Heatherhall Farms; sec- ond, Geo. Allen & Sons; third, Geo. Allen & Sons. Ram One Year Old and Under Two ($10, $8, $6) — First, Geo. Allen & Sons; second, Heatherhall Farms; third, Geo. Allen & Sons. Ram Under One Year ($10, $8, $6) — First, Geo. Allen & Sons; second. Heatherhall Farms; third, Geo. Allen & Sons. Ewe Two Years Old or Over ($10, $8, $6) — First, Heatherhall Farms on 21457; second, Heatherhall Farms; third, Geo. Allen & Sons. Ewe One Year Old and Under Two ($10, $8, $6) — First, Wade R. Hauser on Parkinson's 1458 39718; second, Heatherhall Farms; third, Geo. Allen &. Sons. Ewe Under One Year ($10, $8, $6)^First, Heatherhall Farms; second, Geo. Allen & Sons; third, Geo. Allen & Sons. Champion Ram, Any Age ($10) — Heatherhall Farm.s. Champion Ewe, Any Age ($10) — Wade R. Hauser. Flock ($10, $8) — First, Heatherhall Farms; second, Geo. Allen & Sons. Get of Sire ($10) — First, Geo. Allen & Sons. HAMPSHIRE DOWNS. Judge W. A. McKerrow, St. Paul, Minnesota. Ram Two Years Old or Over ($12, $10, $8, $6, $4) — First, Sherwood Broth- ers on 23927; second, Harris Farms on 782 35695; third, Heatherhall Farms; fourth, E. G. Uhl on R.'s 3-19 31706; fifth, Harris Farms on R.'s 18-19 31707. Ram One Year Old and Under Two ($12, $10, $8, $6, $4) — First, Iowa State College on I. S. C. 36252; second, Sherwood Brothers on 35254; third, Sher- wood Brothers on 35252; fourth, Iowa State College on I. S. C. 38474; fifth, Harris Farms on Harris 38 35338. Ram Under One Year ($12, $10, $8, $6, $4) — First, Iowa State College on I. S. C. 880; second, Heatherhall Farms; third, John Graham & Son on 52348; fourth, Heatherhall Farms; fifth, Iowa State College on I. S. C. 914. Ewe Two Year.s Old or Over ($12, $10, $8, $6, $4) — First, Sherwood Broth- ers on 69772; second, Sherwood Brothers on 69774; third, Heatherhall Farms on 20864; fourth, Harris Farms on Blastook 211 76729; fifth, Iowa State College on I. S. C. 59233. Ewe One Year Old and Under Two ($12, $10, $8, $6, $4) — First, Sherwood Brothers on 76161; second, Sherwood Brothers on 76162; third, Iowa State College on I. S. C. 77442; fourth, Iowa State College on I. S. C. 77443; fifth, Heatherhall Farms on 75953. Ewe Under One Year ($12, $10, $S, $6, $4) — First, Iowa State College on I. S. C. 913; second, Iowa State College on I. S. C. 918; third, Harris Farms on Harris 41 8304S; fourth, John Graham & Son; fifth, Sherwood Brothers on 83170. Champion Ram, Any Age ($10) — Sherwood Brothers. Champion Ewe, Any Age ($10) — Iowa State College. Flock ($12, $l6, $8, $6) — First, Sherwood Brothers; second, Iowa State College; third, Harris Farms; fourth, Heatherhall Farms. Get of Sire ($12, $10, $8, $6) — First, Iowa State College; second, Heather- hall Farms; third, Harris Farms; fourth, Sherwood Brothers. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 301 IOWA SPECIALS. Ram T^vo Years Old or Over ($7, $5. $4. $2) — First, P. A. Osen & Sons on 17; second, John Graham & Son on 1310 25523; third. P. A. Osen & Sons on 13; fourth, John Graham & Son on 1234. Ram One Year OUl and Under Two ($7, $'.. $4)^First. P. A. Osen &. Sons on 36 38944; second, John Graham & Son on 1556 35264; third. P. A. Osen & Sons on 44 3S856. Ram Under One Year ($7, $5, $4, $2) — First, John Graham & Son; second, Jefferson H. Mathis on 53 38958; third, P. A. Osen & Sons on 55; fourth. Jefferson H. Mathis on 54 38957. Ewe Two Years Old or Over ($7, $5, $4, $2) — First, John Graham & Son on 1162; second, John Graham & Son on 1304; third, P. A. Osen & Sons on 11 76125; fourth, Jefferson H. Mathis on 28. Ewe One Year Old and Under Two ($7, $5, $4, $2) — First, John Graham & Son on 1557 76173; second, P. A. Osen & Sons; on 22 77278; third, John Gra- ham & Son on 1573; fourth, P. A. Osen & Sons on 21 83117. Ewe Under One Year ($7, $5, $4, $2) — First, John Graham & Son on 1706; second, E. T. Eness on S3397; third. E. T. Eness on 83396; fourth, P. A. Osen & Sons on 76. Champion Ram, Any Age ($5) — John Graham & Son. Champion Ewe, Any Age ($5) — John Graham & Son. Flock ($8, $6) — First, John Graham & Son; second, P. A. Osen & Sons. Get of Sire ($8, $6, $5) — First. John Graham & Son; second, E. T. Eness; third, P. A. Osen & Sons. SPECIAL PRIZES. Offered by the American Hampshire Sheep Association. Flock of Two Yearling Ewes, Two Ewe Uambs and Ram, Any Age ($15, $12) — First, John Graham & Son; second, P. A. Osen & Sons. SHROPSHIRES. Judge H, Noel Gibson^ Dundee, Illinois. Ram T>vo Years Old or Over ($12, $10, $8, $6, $4) — First, C. G. Brock on 271 528039; second, Heatherhall Farms on 527304; third, Daniel Leonard & Sons on 505 498813; fourth, R. C. Yohe on Yohe 275 527497; fifth, Delbert B. Craven on 70 509380. Ram One Year Old and Under Two ($12, $10, $8, $6, $4) — First, Heather- hall Farms 124 32240; second, Iowa State College on I. S. C. 533117; third. R. C. Yohe on Yohe 301 527494; fourth, R. Schmid on 214 549237; fifth, R. C. Yohe on Yohe 300 527493. Ram Under One Year ($12, $10, $8, $6, $4) — First, Delbert B. Craven on 79 548914; second, Daniel Leonard & Son on 948 550127; third, R. Schmid on 88 548966; fourth, R. C. Yohe on Yohe 350 550264; fifth, Delbert B. Craven on 76 548913. Ewe Two Years Old or Over ($12, $10, $8, $6, $4) — First, Heatherhall Farms on 76 23787; second, R. Schmid on 448 467141; third, D. Y^^. Bruns on 709 526663; fourth, D. W. Bruns on 3609 473851; fifth, C. G. Brock on 226 528048. Ewe One Year Old and Under Two ($12, $10, $8, $6, $4) — First, Iowa State College on I. S. C. 850 545889; second, J. D. Moore & Son on 80 549198; third, Towa State College on I. S. C. 809 532107; fourth, D. W. Bruns on 3410 529425; fifth, R. Schmid on 43 548796. Ewe Under One Y'ear ($12, $10, $8, $0, $4) — First, R. Schmid on 82 548969; second, W. A. Buck on 4761 549735; third, R. Schmid on 100 548968; fourth, R. C. Yohe on Yohe 353 550260; fifth, Delbert B. Craven on 80 548910. Champion Ram, Any Age ($10) — Heatherhall Farms on 124 32240. 302 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Champion Ewe, Any Age ($]0) — R. Schmid on S2 r,4.S[|f;:i. Flock ($12, no, $S, $6) — First, R. Schmid; second, W. A. Buck; third, R. C. Yohe; fourth, Delbert B. Craven. Get of Sire ($12, $10, $8, $6) — First, R. Schmid; second, Delbert B. Cra- ven; third, R. C. Yohe; fourth, D. W. Bruns. IOWA SHROPSHIRE SPECIALS. Ram Two Year.s Old or Over ($12, $10, $8, $6) — First, Daniel Leonard & Son on 505 49SS13; second. R. C. Yohe on Yohe 275 527497; third, R. C. Yohe on Yohe 226 459158; fourth, Maple Grove Farm on 335 482477. Ram One Year Old and Under Two ($12. $10, $8, $6, $4) — First, R. C. Yohe on Yohe 301 527494; second, R. C. Yohe on Yohe 300; third, Daniel Leonard & Son on 1055 5492S4: fourth. Maple Grove Farm on 419 52955S; fifth, J. D. Moore & Son on 50 549190. Ram Under One Year ($12, $10, $S, $6, $4) — First, Daniel Leonard & Son on 948; second, R. C. Yohe on Yohe 350; third, Delbert B. Craven on 76 548913; fourth, D. W. Bruns on 46 549451; fifth, R. C. Yohe on Yohe 351. Ewe T^vo Years Old or Over ($12, $10, $8, $6, $4) — First, W. A. Buck on 54 522524; second, J. D. Moore & Son on 31 507573; third, Delbert B. Craven on 11 4530S9; fourth, D. W. Bruns on 13 520965; fifth. R. C. Yohe on Yohe 261 499895. Ewe One Year Old and I'nder Two ($12. $10, $8. $6. $4) — First. J. D. Moore & Son; second, Daniel Leonard & Son on 1056; third, J. D. Moore & Son on 61 549186; fourth, D. W. Bruns on 22 549452; fifth, R. C. Yohe on Yohe 313 550255. Ewe Under One Year ($12, $10, $8, $6. $4)— First. R. C. Yohe on Yohe 353 550260; second, Delbert B. Craven on 80 548910; third, Delbert B. Craven on 77 548909; fourth, R. C. Yohe on Yohe 354 550285; fifth, D. W. Bruns on 37. Champion Ram, Any Age ($10) — Daniel Leonard & Son on 505 498813. Champion Ewe, Any Ag-e ($10) — J. D. Moore & Son on 80 549198. Flock ($12, $10, $8, $6) — First. R. C. Yohe; second, Delbert B. Craven; third. J. D. Moore & Son; fourth, D. ^Y. Bruns. Get of Sire ($12. $10, $8) — First, Delbert B. Craven: second, R. C. Yohe; third. D. W. Bruns. SPECIAL PREMIUMS. Offered l)y the American Shropshire Registry Association. Ram Two Years Old or Over ($10, $8, $5, $4, $3) — First, Daniel Leonard & Son on 505 498813; second, R. C. Yohe on 275 527497; third. R. C. Yohe on 226 459158; fourth. Maple Grove Farm on 335 482477; fifth. J. D. Moore & Son on 774 498080. Ram One Year Old and Under Two ($10, $8, $5, $4. $3) — First, R. C. Yohe on Yohe 301 527494; second, R. C. Yohe on Yohe 300 527493; third, Daniel Leonard & Son on 1055 549294; fourth. :Maple Grove Farm on 419 529558; fifth, J. D. Moore & Son on 50 549190. Ram Uamb ($10, $8, $5, $4, $3) — First. Delbert B. Craven on 79 548914; second. Daniel Lonard & Son on 948 550127; third. R. C. Y'ohe on 350 550264; fourth, Delbert B. Craven on 76 548913; fifth. D. W. Bruns on 46 549451. Ewe One Year Old and Under Two ($10. $8, $5, $4. $3) — First, J. D. Moore & Son on 80 549198; second, Daniel Leonard & Son on 1050; third, J. D. Moore & Son on 61 549186; fourth, D. W. Bruns on 22 549452; fifth. R. C. Yohe on Yohe 313 550255. Ewe Lamb ($10, $8, $5, $4, $3) — First, R. C. Yohe on Yohe 353 550260; second, Delbert B. Craven on 80 548910; third, Delbert B. Craven on 77 548909: fourth, R. C. Y^ohe on Yohe 354 550285; fifth, D. ^Y. Bruns on 37.. Champion Ram, Any Arc ($8.50) — Daniel Leonard & Son on 505 498813. \ AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 303 Chamiiiuu Kwe, Any Age ($S.50) — J. D. Moore & Son on 80 549198. Pen, Four Lambs ($10, $8, $5, $4) — First, Delbert B. Craven; second, R. C. Yohe; third, J. D. Moore & Son; fourth, D. W. Bruns. Pen, Tfcree YearlinMT Ewes ($10, $8, $5, $4) — First, J. D. Moore & Son; second, D, "VV. Bruns; third, Delbert B. Craven; fourth, R. C. Yohe. Pen, Three Yearling: Rams ($10, $8, $5, $4) — First, R. C. Yohe; second, \V. A. Buck; third, D. W. Bruns; fourth, J. D. Moore & Son. Best Show of His Own Breefling to the Exhibitor Xever Having Exhib- ited at the Iowa State Fair ($12) — Delbert B. Craven. OXFORD DOWNS. Judge W. A. McKerrow^ St. Paul, Minnesota. Ram Two Years Old or Over ($12, $10, $8, $6, $4) — First, John Graham & Son on 1404 92026; second, John Graham & Son on 1144 80030; third. Wade R. Hauser on Armstrong 291 93570; fourth, George Damrow on 367 98416; fifth, George Damrow on 358 98417. Ram One Year Old and Under l^vo ($12, $10, $8, $6, $4) — First, C. C. Croxen on 98406; second, John Graham & Son on 1555; third, Iowa State College on 791 99195; fourth, Iowa State College on 807 99186; fifth, Heatherhall Farms on 2 101786. Ram Under One Year ($12, $10, $8, $6, $4) — First, E. G. Uhl on McAlpin 26; second, Geo. Damrow; third, E. G. Uhl on McAlpin 29; fourth, Iowa State College on 1053; fifth, Geo. Damrow on 61. Ewe Two Years Old or Over ($12, $10, $8, $6, $4)— First, Wade R. Hauser on Belmores Lady of 8 93676; second, Iowa State College on 674 92182; third, C. C. Croxen on 116; fourth. Wade R. Hauser on Stones 1368 90247; fifth, E. G. Uhl on P. A. & Son 86 91067. Ewe One Year Old and Under Two ($12, $10, $8, $6, $4)— First, Iowa State College on 790 99184; second, Iowa State College on 765 99182; third, George Damrow on 30 98128; fourth, George Damrow on 483 98421; fifth, John Graham & Son on 1581. Ewe Under One Year ($12, $10, $S, $6, $4) — First, Iowa State College on 928; second, E. G. Uhl on R. K. S. 3; third, John Graham & Son on 1704; fourth, George Damrow on 522; fifth, AVade R. Hauser on R. K. S. 3. Champion Ram, Any Age ($10) — John Graham & Son on 742. Champion Ewe, Any Age ($10) — Iowa State College on 790. Flock ($12, $10, $8, $6) — First, Iowa State College; second, John Graham & Son; third, George Damrow; fourth. Wade R. Hauser. Get of Sire ($12, $10, $8, $6) — First, E. G. Uhl; second, Iowa State Col- lege; third, George Damrow; fourth, John Graham & Son. IOWA OXFORD SPECIALS. Ram Two Years Old or Over ($10, $8, $6, $4) — First, John Graham & Son on 1144 80030; second, C. C. Croxen on 156; third, Wade 11. Hauser on 2 92246; fourth, F. A. Osen & Sons on 170 92290. Ram One Year Old and Under Two ($10, $8, $6, $4)— Fir.st. Wade R. Hau- ser on 27 97713; second. Wade R. Hauser on 29 97714; third, John Graham & Son; fourth, F. A. Osen & Sons on 272. Ram Under One Year ($10, $8. $6, $4) — First, John Graham on 1633; sec- ond, C. C. Croxen; third, John Graham & Son; fourth, John Graham & Son. Ewe Two Years Old or Over ($10, $8, $6, $4) — First, C. C. Croxen on 116; second, John Graham & Son on 1447 93563; third, F. A. Osen & Sons on 91 75647; fourth, F. A. Osen & Sons on 194 92315. Ewe One Year Old and Under Two ($10, $8, $6. $4) — First, John Graham & Son; second, John Graham & Son on 1584 97942; third. Wade R. Hauser on 45 97717; fourth, C. C. Croxen on 182. 304 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Ewe Under One Year (nO, $8, $6, $4) — First, John Graham & Son on 1704; second, F. A. Osen & Sons on 336; third, C. C. Croxen on 188; fourth, John Graham on 1635. Champion Ram, Any Age ($10) — John Graham & Son on 1144. Champion Ewe, Any Age ($10) — John Graham & Son on 1704. F^lock ($10, $8, $6, $4) — First, John Graham & Son; second, C. C. Croxen; third, F. A. Osen & Sons; fourth, Wade R. Hauser. Get of Sire ($10, $8, $6, $4) — First, John Graham & Son; second, C. C. Croxen; third, John Graham; fourth, F. A. Osen & Sons. SPECIAL PRIZES. Offered by the American Oxford Down Record Association. Be.st Yearling Ram ($10, $6, 4)— First, Wade R. Hauser on 27 97713; sec- ond. Wade R. Hauser on 29 97714; third, John Graham & Son on 1555 101989. Best Yearling Ewe ($10, $6, $4) — First, John Graham & Son on 1581 97939; second, John Graham & Son on 1584 97942; third. Wade R. Hauser on 45 97717. Best Pen, Four Lambs, Either Six ($10, $6, $4) — First, John Graham Sc Son; second, C. C. Croxen; third, John Graham. SOUTHDOWNS. Judge H, Noel Gibson^ Dundee, Illinois. Ram Two Years Old or Over ($12, $8, $6, $5) — First, Heatherhall Farms; second, Iowa State College on 728 38479; third, Iowa State College on 734 38480; fourth, C. C, Croxen on 38944. Ram One Year Old and Under Two ($12, $8, $6) — First, Heatherhall Farms on 70; second, Iowa State College on 820 40422; third, C. C. Croxen on 714. Ram Under One Year ($12, $8, $6, $5, $3) — First, Iowa State College on 916; second, Iowa State College on 923; third, E. G. Uhl on 924; fourth, E. G. Uhl on 919. Ewe Two Years Old or Over ($12, $8, $6, $5, $3)^First, Heatherhall Farms on 437 38251; second, C. C. Croxen on 3160; third, Heatherhall Farms on S 37485; fourth, Iowa State College on 35402; fifth, Iowa State Col- lege on 518 35632. Ewe One Year Old and Under Two ($12, $8, $6, $5, $3) — First, Iowa State College on 794 40416; second, E. G. Uhl on 783 40415; third, Heatherhall Farms on 72 40897; fourth, Heatherhall Farms on 40922; fifth, Iowa State College on 835 40418. Ewe Under One Year ($12, $10, $8, $6, $5, $3) — First, Iowa State College; second, Iowa State College; third, E. G. Uhl; fourth, Heatherhall Farms; fifth, E. G. Uhl. Champion Ran*. Any Age ($10) — Heatherhall Farms. Champion. Ewe, Any Age ($10) — Iowa State College. Floek ($12, $8, $6, $5) — First, Iowa State College; second, Heatherhall Farms; third, E. G. Uhl; fourth, C. C. Croxen. Get of Sire ($12, $8, $6) — First, Iowa State College; second, E. G. Uhl; third, C. C. Croxen. DORSETS. Judge H, Noel Gibson^ Dundee, Illinois. Ram Two Years Old or Over ($10, $7, $4) — First, Heatherhall Farms on 10 24963; second, Edmund Hanson on 100 25164; third, Edmund Hanson on 23 24506. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 305 Ram One Year Old and Under Two ($10, $7) — First, Sherwood Brothers; second, C. C. Croxen. Ram Under One Year ($10, $7, $4) — First, Heatherhall Farms; second. C. C. Croxen on 1S6; third, Edmund Hanson. Ewe Two Year.s Old or Over ($10, $7, $4) — First, Sherwood Brothers; sec- ond, Heatherhall Farms on 842 24964; third, Edmund Hanson on 15. Ewe One Year Old and Under Two ($10, $7) — First, Sherwood Brothers; second, C. C. Croxen on 39. Ewe Under One Year ($10, $7, $4) — First, Edmund Hanson; second, C. C. Croxen; third, Edmund Hanson. Champion Ram, Any Age ($10) — Heatherhall Farms. Champion Ewe, Any Age ($10) — Sherwood Brothers. Flock ($10, $8) — First, C. C. Croxen; second, Edmund Hanson. Get of Sire ($10, $8) — First, Edmund Hanson; second, C. C. Croxen. CHEVIOTS. Judge H, Noel Gibson^ Dundee, Illinois. Ram T^vo Years Old or Over ($10, $7, $4) — First, Maple Grove Farm on 301 994.5; second, Maple Grove Farm on 330 llolS; third, C. C. Croxen on 199. Ram One Year Old and Under Two ($10, $7, $4)— First, Maple Grove Farm on 425 12456; second, Maple Grove Farm on 424 12454; third, C. C. Croxen on 256. Ram Under One Year ($10, $7, $4) — First, Maple Grove Farm; second. Maple Grove Farm; third, C. C. Croxen. Ewe Two Years Old or Over ($10, $7, $4) — First. C. C. Croxen; second. Maple Grove Farm on 303 9944; third. Maple Grove Farm on 272 11516. Ewe One Year Old and Under Two ($10, $7, $4) — First, C. C. Croxen on 30; second. Maple Grove Farm on 434; third, Maple Grove Farm on 436. Ewe Under One Year ($10, $7, $4) — First, Maple Grove Farm; second. Maple Grove Farm; third, C. C. Croxen. Champion Ram, Any Age ($10) — Maple Grove Farm. Champion Ewe, Any Age ($10) — C. C. Croxen. Flock ($10, $8) — First, Maple Grove Farm; second, C. C. Croxen. Get of Sire ($10, $8) — First, Maple Grove Farm; second, C. C. Croxen. WOOL EXHIBIT. Fure Bred Exhibit. Judge C. J. Fawcett^ Chicago, Illinois. Merino Ram Fleece ($3, $2) — First, A. J. Blakely & Son; second, Joe W. Edg-ar. Merino Ewe Fleece ($3, $2, $1) — First. A. J. Blakely & Son; second, F. F. & O. R. "Warner; third, A. J. Blakely & Son. Rambouillet Ram Fleece ($3) — First, Iowa State College. Rambonillet Ewe Fleece ($3, $2) — First, Iowa State Colleg-e; second, Iowa State Colleg-e. Shropshire Ram Fleece ($3, $2, $1) — First, Daniel Leonard & Son; second. D. "SV. Bruns; third, Iowa State College. Shropshire Ewe Fleece ($3, $2, $1) — First, Iowa State College; second, D. AV. Bruns; third, Daniel Leonard & Son. Southdown Ram Fleece ($3, $2) — First, Iowa State College; second, Iowa State College. Southdown Ewe Fleece ($3, $2, $1) — First, E. G. Uhl ; second, Iowa State College; third, Iowa State College. 2U 306 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Hampshire Ram Fleece ($3, $2, $1) — First, Iowa State College; second, Iowa State College; third, E. T. Eness. Hampshire Ewe Fleece ($3, $2, $1) — First, E. G. Uhl; second, Iowa State College; third, Iowa State College. Oxford Ram Fleece ($3, $2) — First, Iowa State College; second, Iowa State College. Oxford Ewe Fleece ($3, $2) — First, Iowa State College; second, Iowa State College. Cheviot Ram Fleece ($3, $2) — First, Maple Grove Farm; second, Maple Grove Farm. Cheviot Ewe Fleece (.$3) — First, Maple Grove Farm. Dorset Ram Fleece ($3, $2, $1) — First Edmund Hanson; second, Edmund Hanson; third, Edmund Hanson. Dorset Ewe Fleece ($3, $2, $1) — First, Edmund Hanson; second, Edmund Hanson; third, Edmund Hanson. Cotswold Ram Fleece ($3, $2, $1,) — First, Maple Grove Farm; second, Joe W. Edgar; third. Maple Grove Farm. Cotswold Ewe Fleece ($3, $2, $1) — First Joe W. Edgar; second, Maple Grove Farm; third, Joe W. Edgar. MARKET CLASS EXHIBIT. Fine Staple ($10, $8, $6, $4, $2) — First, F. F. & O. R. Warner; second, A. J. Blakely & Son; third, F. F. & O. R. Warner; fourth, A. J. Blakely & Son; fifth, Iowa State College. One-Half Blood Staple ($10) — First, Joe W. Edgar. Three-Eigrhths Blood Staple ($10, $8, $6, $4, $2) — First, Iowa State Col- lege; second, D. "VV. Bruns; third Daniel Leonard & Son; fourth, E. G. Uhl; fifth, D. W. Bruns. One-Fourth Blood Staple ($10, $8, $6, $4, $2) — First, Maple Grove Farm; second. Will Eible; third, T. D. Rittgers; fourth, Iowa State College; fifth, T. D. Rittgers. Braid ($10, $8, $6, $4, $2) — First, Maple Grove Farm; second, Joe W. Ed- gar; third, Joe W. Edgar; fourth. Maple Grove Farm. COUNTY EXHIBIT. Judge C. J. Fawcett, Chicago, Illinois. Fine Wool, Six Fleeces ($20, $15) — First, Davis County; second, Powe- shiek County. Medium Wool, Six Fleeces ($20, $15, $10) — First, Story County; second, Poweshiek County; third, Adams County. SHEARING EVENTS. ^ R. ScHMiDj Queen City, Missouri. [ W. O. Smith^ Seymour, Illinois. Shearing with Power Machine by Professionals ($10. $7, $3. $2) — First, J. A. Peasley; second, E. G. Uhl; third, Ellis Rail; fourth, C. H. Brown. Shearing with Hand Shears by Professionals ($10, $7, $3, $2) — First, Ellis Rail; second, Henry Grattan; third, E. G. Uhl; fourth, C. H. Brown. Shearing with Power Machine by Amateurs ($10, $7, $3, $2) — First. John Graham; second, S. H. Mathews; third, H. H. Reed; fourth, O. R. Warner. Shearing with Hand Shears by Amateurs ($10, $7, $3, $2) — First, A. J. Blakely; second, Elmer Frye; third, John Graham; fourth, F. A. Osen. Shearing with Power Machine by a Boy Xot Over iri Vears Old ($f)) — F'irst, Leland Dewell, Moulton, low^. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 307 Blocking? and Triiiimiiis Sheep for Show ItiiiR ($lM. ?N, $tp. ?4, $2) — First, E. G. Uhl; second, W. R. Hauser; third, C. H. Brown; fourth, Angus Moore; fifth, Delbert B. Craven. GOATS. Exhibitors — N. Bartholomew, 214 Good Block. Des Moines; O. H. Kale. Win- terset ; O. R. Sheets, R. F. D. 3, Des Moines. Judge O. H. Gillispie, IVIadison, Nebraska. TOGGENBERGS. Buck Under Six Month.s (?i5) — First, N. Bartholomew on Glenn Dell Im- prover, Doe Two Years Old or Over ($5, $3, $2) — First, O. R. Sheets on Van's Fawn 4316; second, N. Bartholomew on Dolly Marie 669; third, N. Bartholo- mew on Glen Dell Fenette 5145. Doe One Year Old anandotte Pullet, 4 entries (|3, $2, $1. $1) — First, Henry In- gertson on 6; second, Henry Ingertson on 3; third, Henry Ingertson on 4; fourth, Henry Ingertson on 5. Silver Penciled W^yandotte Cock, 2 entries ($3, $2) — First, James S. Wa- son on 1; second, James S. Wason on 83. Silver Penciled AVyandotte Hen, 5 entries ($3, $2, $1) — First, James S. Wason on 35; second, James S. Wason on 17; third, Edmond Hanson on 64. Silver Penciled Wyandotte, Pen Fowls, 2 entries (^5, $3) — First, James S. Wason; second, James S. Wason. Columbian AVyandotte Hen, 2 entries ($1, $1) — Third, Mrs. M. Menish on 97; fourth, Mrs. M. Menish on 96. Black Java Cock, 1 entry ($1) — First, Mrs. M. Menish on 119. Black Java Hen, 2 entries ($1) — First, Mrs. M. Menish on 118. Black Java Pullet, 2 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Mrs. M. Menish on 123; second, Mrs. M. Menish on 124. Mottled Java Cock, 1 entry (($1) — First, Mrs. M. Menish on 126. Mottled Java Hen, 2 entries ($1) — First, Mrs. M. Menish on 129. Single Comb Rhode Island Red Cock, 15 entries ($3, $2. $1, $1) — First, Liston L. Hall on 7; second, R. G. Stoakes on 5; third, D. Locker on 68; fourth, F. L. Reinhard. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 313 Single Comb Rhode Island Red Cockerel, 22 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, E. H. Rucker on 11; second, Karl Lasson on 55; third, D. Locker on 19; fourth, Chas. H. Orman on 848. Sinsle Comb Rhode Island Red Hen, 22 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1 — First, E. H. Rucker on 10; second, G. P. T\"isecup on 10; third, Dana Wagner on 78; fourth, R. G. Stoaker on 2. Single Comb Rhode Island Red Pullet, 32 entries ($3, $2 $1, $1)— First, Dana Wag-ner on 165; second, E. H. Rucker on 9; third, D. Locker on 59; fourth, W. H. Barnes on 46. Single Comb Rhode Island Red, Pen Fowls, 5 entries ($5, $3, $1) — First, R. G. Stoaker; second, R. G. Stoalver; third, Dana Wagner. Single Comb Rhode Island Red, Pen Chicks, 9" entries (?5, $3, %1) — First, Clias. H. Orman; second, W. H. Barnes; third, D. Locker. Rose Comb Ithode Island Red Cock, 7 entries ($3. ^2, $1. $1) — First, Har- old Schobilion on 37; second, M. L. Jones on 24; third, J. F. Fletcher on 1; fourth, L. D. Carpenter on 47. Rose Comb Rhode Island Red Cockerel, 14 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, L. C. Carpenter on 380; second, J. F. Fletcher on 5; third, L. D. Carpenter on 377; fourth, L. D. Carpenter on 381. Rose Comb Rhode Island Red Hen, 7 entries ($3, $2. $1, $1) — First. J. F. Fletcher on 2: second, L. D. Carpenter on 398; third, D. Locker on 69; fourth, L. D. Carpenter on 3 79. Rose Comb Rhode Island Red Pullet, 16 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, J. F. Fletcher on 6; second, Mrs. J. I'. Olson on 4; third, L. D. Carpenter on 392; fourth, L. D. Carpenter on 391. Rose Comb Rhode Island Red, Pen Fowls, 2 entries ($5, $3) — First, L. D. Carpenter; second, M. L. Jones. Rose Comb Rhode Island Red, Pen Chicks, 4 entries ($5, $3, $1) — First, L. D. Carpenter; second, L. D. Carpenter; third, F. G. Paul. Buckeye Cock, 3 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Mrs. M. Menish on 144; second, Mrs. M. Menish on 143. Buckeye Hen, 2 entries (50 cents) — Second, Mrs. M. Menish on 147. ASIATICS. Asiatic Sweepstakes Cockerel (Silver Loving Cup) — Wier Hart on Black Langshan. Asiatic Sweepstakes Pullet (Silver Loving Cup) — Chris Bissey on Buff Cochin. Fgg Laying Body Capacity Test — F'irst, James W. Clark on 14; second, James W. Clark on 15; third, Robert E. Bissey on 223; fourth, Chris Bissey on 192; fifth, Chris Bissey on 158. Light Brahma Cock, 2 entries ($3) — First Chas. Parden on 15. Light Brahma Cockerel, 8 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, Weir Hart on 10; second. Weir Hart on 12; third. Weir Hart on 2; fourth, Chas. Parden on 21. Light Brahma Hen, 8 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, Chas. Parden on 37; second. Weir Hart on 6; third. Weir Hart on 3; fourth, Idella Neiswanger on 12. Light Brahma Pullet, 7 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, Weir Hart on 4; second. Weir Hart on 1; third, Weir Hart on 5; fourth, Chas. Parden on 25. Light Brahma, Pen of Fowls, 1 entry ($5) — First, Weir Hart. Light Brahma, Pen of Chicks, 1 entry ($5) — F'irst, Weir Hart. Dark Brahma Cock, 3 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents) — First, Chris Bissey on 166; second Chris Bissey on 165; third, Chris Bissey on 167. Dark Brahma Cockerel, 3 entries ($1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — Second, Chris Bissey on 174; third, Chris Bissey on 176; fourth, Chris Bissey on 175. Dark Brahma Hen, 3 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents) — First, Chris Bissey; sec- ond, Chris Bissey; third, Chris Bissey on 168. 314 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Dark Brahma Pullet, 3 entries ($2, T.'i cents, 50 cents) — First, Chris Bis- sey on 171; third, Chris Bissey on 173; fourth, Chris Bissey on 172. Buff Cochin Cock, 4 entries ($3, $2, $1) — First, H. M. & R. M. Jones on 112; second, Chris Bissey on 179; third, Chris Bissey on 17S. Buff Cochin Cockerel, 3 entries ($3, $2, $1) — First, Chris Bissey on 185; second, Chris Bissey on 183; third, Chris Bissey on 184. Buff Cochin Hen, 2 entries ($3, ?2) — First, H. M. & R. M. Jones on 174; second, Chris Bissey on 180. Buff Cochin Pullet, 2 entries ($3, .|2) — First, Chris Bissey on 188; sec- ond, Chris Bissey on 186. Buff Cochin Pen Chicks, 1 entry ($5) — First. S. H. Masimore. Partridge Cochin Cock, 3 entries ($3, $2, $1) — First, Chris Bissey on 189; second, Chris Bissey on 190; third, Chris Bissey on 191. Partridge Cochin Cockerel, 3 entries ($3, $2, $1) — First, Chris Bissey on 200; second, Chris Bissey on 199; third, Chris Bissey on 198. Partridge Cochin Hen, 2 entries ($3, $2) — First, Chris Bissey on 192; second, Chris Bissey on 193. Partridge Cochin Pullet, 3 entries ($3, $2, $1) — First, Chris Bissey on 195; second, Chris Bissey on 196; third, Chris Bissey on 197. White Cochin Cock, 1 entry ($1) — Second, Chris Bissey on 201. White Cochin Cockerel, 1 entry ($2) — First, Chris Bissey on 206. White Cochin Hen, 2 entries ($2, $1) — First, Chris Bissey on 202; second, Chris Bissey on 203. AVhite Cochin Pullet, 1 entry ($2) — First, Chris Bissey on 204. Black Langshan Cock, 4 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, W. Patterson on 6; second, Robt. E. Bissey on 212; third. James W. Clark on 79; fourth, Robt. E. Bissey on 213. Black Langshan Cockerel, 5 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, Weir Hart on 6; second, Robt. E. Bissey on 218; third. Weir Hart on 7; fourth, Robt. E. Bissey on 219. Black Langshan Hen, 4 entries ($3, $2, $1. $1) — First, James "SV. Clark on 15; second, James W. Clark on 14; third. Weir Hart on 3; fourth, Robt. E. Bissey on 214. Black Langshan Pullet, 5 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, Weir Hart on 11; second. Weir Hart on 10; third. Weir Hart on 12; fourth, Robt. E. Bissey on 216. Black Langshan Pen Chicks, 2 entries ($3, $2) — First, Weir Hart; sec- ond, TY. Patterson. W^hite Langshan Cock, 3 entries ($1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — Second, Robt. E. Bissey on 220; third, Robt. E. Bissey on 221; fourth, Robt. E. Bissey on 222. WTiite Langshan Cockerel, 3 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents) — First, Robt. E. Bissey on 232; second, Robt. E. Bissey on 230; third, Robt. E. Bissey on 231. W^hite Langshan Hen, 3 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents) — First, Robt. E. Bissey on 224; second, Robt. E. Bissey on 223; third, Robt. E. Bissey on 225. White Langshan Pullet, 3 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents) — First, Robt. E. Bis- sey on 228; second, Robt. E. Bissey on 226; third, Robt. E. Bissey on 227. MEDITERRANEAN CLASS. Sweepstakes Cockerel (Silver Loving Cup) — H. E. AVilliamson on Single Comb White Leghorn. Sweepstakes Pullet (Silver Loving Cup) — Carl W. Kidd on Single Comb Black Leghorn. Egg Laying Body Capacity Test — First, John Pilmer on Single Comb Brown Leghorn 5; second, H. A. Taylor on Single Comb White Leghorn 76; third, Leona Leonard on Single Comb Black Minorca 16; fourth, Robt, E. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 315 Bissey on Rose Comb Brown Leghorn 89; fifth, O. E. Ingle on Single Comb Buff Leg-horn 22. Singrle Comb Brown Legphorn Cock, 8 entries ($3, $2. $1, $1) — First, Carl W. Kidd on 36; second, Mrs. Monroe Marts on 25; third, Mrs. Monroe Marts on 24; fourth, W. O. Coon on 65. Single Comb Brown Leghorn Cockerel, 17 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1)— First, Leon Fabritz; second, F. L. Ryan on 26; third, Carl "W, Kidd on 27; fourth. Leslie Panter on 7. Sinsrle Comb Brown lieg-horn Hen, 10 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, Carl W. Kidd on 38; second, F. L. Ryan on 33; third, F. L. Ryan on 89; fourth, John Pilmer on 8. Singrle Comb Brown Legrhorn Pullet, 14 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, Carl W. Kidd on 39; second, Carl W. Kidd on 40; third, Leslie Panter on 9; fourth, F. L. Ryan on 37. Sinj^le Comb Brown Leghorn Pen Fowls, 3 entries ($5, $3, $1) — First, Mrs. Monroe Marts; second, W. O. Coon; third, W. O. Coon. Single Comb Brown Leghorn Pen Chicks, 7 entries ($5, .$3, $1) — First. Leslie Panter; second, Leo Fabritz; third, Mrs. Monroe Marts. Rose Comb Brown Leghorn Cock, 4 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, C. D. Joslin on 25; second, Robt. E. Bissey on 83; third, Robt. E. Bis- sey on 82; fourth, Robt. E. Bissey on 81. Rose Comb Brown Leghorn Cockerel, 3 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents) — First, C. D. Joslin on 4; second, Robt. E. Bissey on 86; third, Robt. E. Bissey on 84. Rose Comb Brown Leghorn Hen, 6 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, C. D. Joslin on 16; second, Gerald R. Duncan on 26; third, Robt. E. Bissey on 87; fourth, Robt. E. Bissey on 89. Rose Comb Brown Leghorn Pullet, 11 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, C. D. Joslin on 97; second, C. D. Joslin on 99; third, Robt. E. Bissey on 91; fourth, Robt. E. Bissey on 92. Single Comb White Leghorn Cock, 10 entries (.$3, $2, $1, $1)— P'irst, H. Williamson on 4; second, H. C. Williamson on 10; third, H. C. Williamson on 5; fourth, H. C. Williamson on 1. Single Comb White Leghorn Cockerel, 24 entries ($3, .f2, .$1. $1) — First, H. Williamson on 12; second, H. Williamson on 22; third, H. AVilliamson on 15; fourth, H. E. Williamson on 24. Single Comb AVhite Leghorn Hen, 21 entries ($3. $2. ^\. $ 1 ) — First. 11. Williamson on 16; second, H. E. AVilliamson on 14; third, H. Williamson on 166; fourth, H. Williamson on 183. Single Comb White Leghorn Pullet, 21 entries ($3, $2, $1, .$1)— First, H. Williamson on 34; second, H. E. Williamson on 15; third, H. Williamson on 21; fourth, H. E. Williamson on 18. Single Comb White Leghorn Pen Fowls, 5 entries ($5, $3, 1) — First, H. Williamson; second, H. M. "Williamson; third, E. J. Rood. Single Comb W^hite Leghorn Pen Chicks, 7 entries ($5, $3, $1) — First, Marshall Ashworth; second, J. M. Williamson; third, Mrs. C. D. Hunt. Rose Comb AVhite Leghorn Cock, 2 entries ($2, $1) — First, Robt. E. Bis- sey on 233; second, Edmond Hanson on 334. Rose Comb White Leghorn Hen, 5 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, Edmond Hanson on 75; second, Robt. E. Bissey on 237; third, Robt. E. Bissey on 236; fourth, Edmond Hanson on 161, Rose Comb AVhite Leghorn Pen Fowls, 1 entry ($5) — First, Edmond Han- son. Single Comb Buff Leghorn Cock, 2 entries ($3, $2) — First, O. E. Ingle on 1; second, O. E. Ingle on 2. Single Comb Buff Leghorn Cockerel, 15 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1)— First, L. ^V. Little on 7(i; second, O. E. Ingle on 3; third, O. E. Ingie on 5; fourth, O. E. Ingle on 6. 316 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Singrle Comb Buff Leghorn Hen, 9 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, John C. Hoi on 131; second, Mrs. Jos. H, Miller on 2; third, John C. Hoi on 147; fourth, O. E. Ing-le on 10. Single Comb Buff Leghorn Pullet, 15 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, j^s. H. Miller on 3; second, O. E, Ingle on 11; third, O. E. Ingle on 12; fourth O. E. Ingle on 13. Single Comb Buff Leghorn Pen Chicks, 5 entries ($5, $3, $1) — First, O. E. Ingle; second, O. E. Ingle. Single Comb Leghorn Pen Chicles, 5 entries ($5, $3, $1) — First, O. E. Ingle;, second, L. W. Little; third, O. E. Ingle. Single Comb Black Leghorn Cock, 4 entries ($2, $1) — First, Robt. E. Bis- sey on 250; second, Gerald R. Duncan on 7. Single Comb Black Leghorn Cockerel, 9 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, Gerald R. Duncan on 40; second, Robt. E. Bissey on 257; third, Gerald R. Duncan on 41; fourth, Gerald R. Duncan on 43. Single Comb Black Leghorn Hen, 4 entries ($2, $1) — First, Robt. E. Bis- sey on 255; second, Robt. E. Bissey on 253. Single Comb Black Leghorn Pullet, 10 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, Gerald R. Duncan on 37; second, Gerald R. Duncan on 53; third, Gerald R. Duncan on 42; fourth, Gerald R. Duncan on 52. Single Comb Black Minorca Cock, 4 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — ■ First, Kelley's Poultry Farm on 16; second, Bessie Ellis on 295; third, Bessie Ellis on 294; fourth, Leora Leonard on 17. Single Comb Black Minorca Cockerel, 4 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, Kelley's Poultry Farm on 1; second, Leora Leonard on 23; third, H. M. & R. M. Jones on 133; fourth, Bessie Ellis on 298. Single Comb Black Minorca Hen, 5 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, Kelley's Poultry Farm on 2; second, Leora Leonard on 15; third, Leora Leonard on 16; fourth, Bessie Ellis on 297. Single Comb Black Minorca Pullet, 4 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, Kelley's Poultry Farm on 3; second, Leora Leonard on 18; third, H. M. & R. M. Jones on 171; fourth, Bessie Ellis on 299. Single Comb Black Minorca Pen Chicks, 2 entries ($5, ?3) — First, Kelleys Poultry Farm; second, Leora Leonard. Rose Comb Black Minorca Hen, 1 entry ($2) — First, Bessie Ellis on 292. White-Faced Black Spanish Cock, 5 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Bessie Ellis on 316; second, Bessie Ellis on 317. WhitewFaced Black Spanish Cockerel, 3 entries (?1) — First, Bessie Ellis on 322. W^hite-Faced Black Spanish Hen, 3 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Bessie Ellis on 319; second, Bessie Ellis on 321. Blue Andalusian Cock, 3 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Bessie Ellis on 304; second, Bessie Ellis on 306. Blue Andalusian Hen, 4 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Bessie Ellis on 309; second, Bessie Ellis on 307. Blue Andalusian Pullet, 2 entries ($1) — First, Bessie Ellis on 314. Mottled Ancona Cock, 7 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, H. M. Vinsel on 36; second, Harry Knudson on 1; third, Charles Chaffer on 29; fourth, W. J. Coffin & Son on B-19-76. Mottled Ancona Cockerel, 18 entries ($2, .$1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, J. W. Coffin & Sons on 67; second, J. W. Coffin & Sons on SO; third, Walter Little on 9; fourth, M. S. Lore on 50. Mottled Ancona Hen, 9 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, Harry Knudson on 2; second, Mrs. Monroe Marts on 12; third, M. S. Lone on 13; fourth, J. H. Ashton on 5. Mottled Ancona Pullet, 18 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, W. J. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 317 Coffin Sz. Sons on 18; second, J. H. Ashton on 1; third, J. H. Ashton on 2; fourth, "\V. J. Coffin & Sons on 26. Mottled Ancona Pen Fo^vls, 1 entry ($5) — First, Mrs. Monroe Marts. Mottled Ancona Pen Chicks, 9 entries ($5, $3, $1) — First, ^Y. J. Coffin & Sons; second, J. H. Ashton; third, Mrs. Monroe Marts. Silver Canipines Cock, 4 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents) — First, ^Mrs. Monroe Marts on 2; second, Mrs. Monroe Marts on 1; third, C. & C. T. Van Lint on 14. Silver Campines Cockerel, 7 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, Hilhurst Farm on 16; second, Hilhurst Farm on 55; third, C. &. C. T. Van Lint on 10; fourth, Mrs. Monroe Marts on 3. Silver Campines Hen, 6 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents. 50 cents) — First, Mrs. Monroe Marts on 5; second, Mrs. Monroe Marts on 6; third, C. & C. T. Van Lint on 2; fourth, Bessie Ellis on 36. Silver Campines Pullet, 7 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, Hil- hurst Farm on 30; second, Hilhurst Farm on 24; third. C. & C. T. Van Lint on 8; fourth, Mrs. Monroe Marts on 7. ENGLISH CLASS. Svreepstakes, Best Cockerel — Mrs. M. R. Hess on Orpington Cockerel 93548. Siveepstakes, Best Pullet — J. H. Hartshorn on White Orpington Pullet 8. Egg Laying Body Capacity Test — First, Sunnylife Poultry Farm on 3375; second, Sunnylife Poultry Farm on 3378; third. Sunnylife Poultry Farm on 3365; fourth, Joseph Ellis on 30; fifth, R. C. Roup on 77. White Dorking Hen, 3 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Edward Hanson on 267; second, Bessie Ellis on 352. Silver Gray Dorking Cock, 2 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Bessie Ellis on 360; second, M. C. Rog-ers on 361. Silver Gray Dorking Hen, 2 entries (|1, 50 cents) — First, Bessie Ellis on 363; second, Edward Hanson on 256. Colored Dorking Hen, 1 entry ($1) — First, Edward Hanson on 350. Red Cap Cock, 1 entry ($1) — First, Bessie Ellis on 371. Red Cap Hen, 2 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Bessie Ellis on .".72; second. Bessie Ellis on 373. Red Cap Pullet, 1 entry ($1)— First, Jos. Ellis. Red Sussex Cock, 1 entry ($2) — First, Jos. Ellis on 26. Red Sussex Cockerel, 1 entry ($2) — First, Jos. Ellis on 32. Red Sussex Hen, 2 entries ($2, $1) — First, Jos. Ellis on 30; second, Jos. Ellis on 29. Red Sussex Pullet, 1 entry ($2) — First, Jos. Ellis on 35. Speckled Sussex Cock, 1 entry ($2) — First, Jos. Ellis on 38. Speckled Sussex Hen, 3 entries ($2) — First, Jos. Ellis on 41. Single Comb Buff Orpington Cock, 16 entries ($3, $2. $1. $1) — First. Sun- nylife Poultry Farm on 1142; second, R. C. Roup on 6; third, Wm. Herink on 62; fourth, Sunnylife Poultry Farm on 1195. Single Comb Buff Orpington Cockerel, 9 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First. Mrs. M. R. Hess on 93548; second, Sunnylife Poultry Farm on 3384; third, Wm. Herink on 51; fourth. Sunnylife Poultry Farm on 3373. Single Comb Buff Ontington Hen, 12 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, Sun- nylife Poultry Farm on 3382; second, O. M. Brown on 23; third, Sunnylife Poultry Farm on 3383; fourth, O. M. Brown on 22. Single Comb Buff Orpington Pullet, 10 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, R. C Roup on 79; second, Wm. Herink on 3; third, R. C. Roup on 78; fourth, R. C. Bair & Son on 114. 318 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Sini^le Comb Buff Orpin^on Pen Fowls, 5 entries ($5, $3, $1) — First, Sunnylife Poultry Farm; second, Sunnylife Poultry Farm; third, J. C. Freel. Single Comb Buff Orpington Pen Chicks, 5 entries ($5, $3, $1) — First, R. C. Roup; second. R. C. Roup; third, Wm. Herink. Sinsrle Comb Black Orpinj^ton Cock, 3 entries (|3, $2) — First, O. M. Brown on 35; second, Jos. Ellis on 3S1. Slngrle Comb Black Orpinj^ton Cockerel, 1 entry ($3) — First. O. M. Brown on 2. Single Comb Black Orpington Hen, 3 entries ($3, $2, $1) — First, O. M. Brown on 5; second, O. M. Brown on 6; .third, Jos. Ellis on 388. Single Comb Black Orpington Pullet, 1 entry ($3) — First, O. M. Brown on 1. Single Comb White Orpington Cock, 1 entry ($3) — First, J. H. Harts- horn on 17. Single Comb White Orpington Cockerel, 8 entries ($3, $2, .$1 $1) — First, Mrs. F. Happe on 44; second, Marian C. Decker on G; third, Marian C. Decker on 5; fourth, J. H. Hartshorn on 14. Single Comb White Orpington Hen, 7 entries ($3, $2, .$1) — First, J. H. Hartshorn on 10; second, J. H. Hartshorn on 7; third, C. W. AValker & Son on 28; fourth, Marion C. Decker on 7. Single Comb White Orpington Pullet (|3. $2, $1, $1) — First, J. H. Harts- horn on 8; second, J. H. Hartshorn on 13; third, W. F. McCowin on 6; fourth, Marion C. Decker on 12. Single Comb Blue Orpington Cock, 2 entries ($3, $2) — First, Jos. Ellis; second, Jos. Ellis. Single Comb Blue Orpington Cockerel, 3 entries ($3, $2) — First, Jos. Ellis on 395; second, Jos. Ellis on 394. Single Comb Blue Orpington Hen, 3 entries ($3, $2, $1) — First, Jos. Ellis on 391; second, Jos. Ellis on 392; third, Jos. Ellis on 393. Single Comb Blue Orpington Pullet, 1 entry ($3) — First, Jos. Ellis on 397. Dark Cornish Cock, 3 entries ($2, .f!l, "5 cents) — First, Jos. Ellis on 12; second, Jos. Ellis on 13; third, Jos. Ellis on 14. Dark Cornish Cockerel, 4 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, AValter G. Morgan on 7407; second, Roy L. Finder on 18; third, Jos. Ellis on 18; fourth, Jos. Ellis on 19. Dark Cornish Hen, 3 entries ($2, $1) — First, Jos. Ellis on 17; second, Jos. Ellis on 16. Dark Cornish Pullet, 6 entries (-$2, $1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, Walter G. Morg-an on 7428; second, Roy L. Finder on 17; third, Roy L. Finder on 16; Jos. Ellis on 22. W^hite Cornish Hen, 2 entries (50 cents) — Second, Jos. Ellis on 4. ^\^lite Cornish Pullet, 2 entries (50 cents) — Second, M. C. Rogers on 1. POLISH CLASS. White Crested Black Polish Cock, 4 entries (?1, 50 cents) — First, Jos. Ellis on 50; second, Jos. Ellis on 51. White Crested Black Polish Hen, 2 entries ($1) — First, Jos. Ellis on 54. Bearded Golden Polish Cock, 2 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Jos. Ellis on 67; second, Jos. Ellis on 66. Bearded Golden Polish Hen, 2 entries ($1) — First, Jos. Ellis on 68. Bearded White Polish Pullet, 2 entries ($1) — First, Fred Pierce Jr. on SO. Butt" Laced Polish Cock ($1) — First, Fred Pierce Jr. on 60. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 319 Iluff Laced Polish Hen, 2 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First. Fred Tierce Jr. on 61; second, Fred Pierce Jr. on 62. Non-Bearded Golden Polish Hen, 1 entry ($1) — First, Fred Pierce Jr. on 90. IVon-Bearded Silver Polish Cock, 4 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Fred Pierce Jr. on 96; second, Fred Pierce Jr. on 97. Non-Bearded Silver Polisli Cockerel, 2 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Fred Pierce Jr. on 100; second, Fred Pierce Jr. on 1. Non-Bearded Silver Polish Hen, 2 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Fred Pierce Jr. on 98; second, Fred Pierce Jr. on 99. Non-Bearded Silver Polish Pullet, 2 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First. Fred Pierce Jr. on 3; second, Fred Pierce Jr. on 4. Non-Bearded AVhite Polish Cockerel, 2 entries ($1, 50 cents)— First. Fred Pierce Jr. on 12; second, Fred Pierce Jr. on 13. Non-Bearded White Polish Hen, 2 entries ($1) — First, Fred Pierce Jr. on 9. DUTCH CLASS. Silver Spangled Hamburg: Cockerel, 1 entry (.$1) — First, H. A. Taylor on 78. Silver Spangled Hamburg Pullet, 1 entry (.$1) — First, H. A. Taylor on 82. Golden Penciled Hamburg Hen, 3 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Edward Hanson on 199; second, Fred Pierce Jr. on 32. Silver Penciled Hamburg Cock, 2 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, M. C. Rogers on 34; second, M. C. Rogers on 36. AVliite Hamburg Cock, 1 entry ($1) — First, M. C. Rogers on 36. Black Hamburg' Cock, 4 entries (|1, 50 cents) — First, Fred Pierce on 37; second, Fred Pierce Jr. on 38. Black Hamburg Hen, 3 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Fred Pierce Jr. on 39; second, Fred Pierce Jr. on 40. FRENCH CLASS. 3Iottled Houdan Cock, 2 entries ($1, 50 cents)— First, M. C. Rogers on 46; second, Fred Pierce Jr. on 45. Mottled Houdan Cockerel, 2 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Fred Pierce Jr. on 49; second, Fred Pierce Jr. on 46. Mottled Houdan Hen, 1 entry ($1) — First, Fred Pierce Jr. on 47. Mottled Houdan Pullet, 2 entries ($1) — First. Fred Pierce Jr. on 44. Black La Fleche Cock, 1 entry ($1) — First, Edward Hanson on 57. Black La Fleche Hen, 4 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Fred Pierce Jr. on 58; second, Edward Hanson on 48. GAME AND GAME BANTAMS. Black Breasted Red Game Cockerel, 2 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Fred Pierce Jr. on 29; second, Fred Pierce Jr. on 28. Black Breasted Red Game Hen, 1 entry ($1) — First, Fred Pierce Jr. on 27. Black Breasted Red Game Pullet, 2 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Fred Pierce Jr. on 30; second, Fred Pierce Jr. on 36. Black Breasted Game Bantam Cock, 1 entry ($1) — First, Jim Genan on 41. Black Breasted Red Game Bantam Cockerel, 2 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Jim Genan on 42; second, Jim Genan on 43. Black Breasted Red Game Bantam Hen, 1 entry ($1) — First, Jim Genan on 34. 320 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Silver Duckling^ Game Bautam Pullet, 1 entry ($1) — First. C. & C. T. Van Lint on 60. Birchen Game Bantam Pullet, 1 entry ($1) — First, C. & C. T. Van Lint on 5S. Black Sumatra Pullet, 1 entry ($1) — First, Jim (Jenan on '.',1 . Black Breasted Re«l ]>[alay Cockerel, U entries ($1. f.O cents) — First. Jim Genan on 33; second, Jim Genan on 34. Golden Seabrigrht Cock, 2 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Jim Genan on 30; second, Jim Genan on 31. Golden SeabriR-ht Cockerel, 2 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Jim Genan on 3S; second, Jim Genan on 39. Golden Seal>ri«:ht Pullet, 2 entries ($1. 50 cents) — First. Jim Genan on 35; second, Jim Genan on 36. Silver Seabright Cock, 1 entry (.$1) — First, Jim Genan on 41. Silver Seabri^ht Cockerel, 2 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Jim Genan on 50; second, Jim Genan on 51. Silver Seabright Pullet, 2 entries ($1) — First, Jim Genan on 47. White Rose Comb Cock, 2 entries ($1) — First, Jim Genan on 53. White Rose Comb Hen, 2 entries ($1) — First, Jim Genan on 56. Black Rose Comb Cock, 5 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, F. W. Mason on 7; second, F. "W. Mason on 5. Black Rose Comb Cockerel, 3 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, F. W. Mason on 45; second, F. W. Mason on 4 4. Black Rose Comb Hen, 6 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, F. W. Mason on 42; second, F. "SV. Mason on 37. Black Rose Comb Pullet, 1 entry ($1) — First, Gerald R Duncan on 33. Light Brahma Cock, 2 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Jim Genan on 68; second, Jim Genan on 67. Light Brahma Hen, 2 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Jim Genan on 72; second, Jim Genan on 71. Dark Brahma Hen, 2 entries (50 cents) — Second, Jim Genan on 76. Buff Cochin Cock, 4 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Jim Genan on 79; sec- ond, Jim Genan on 78. Buff Cochin Cockerel, 4 entries (50 cents) — Second, C. & C. T. Van Lint on 53. Butt Cochin Hen, 2 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Jim Genan on 82; sec- ond, Jim Genan on 81. Buft" Cochin Pullet, 5 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Harry Ward on 3; second, Harry "Ward on 2; third, Jim Genan on 87. Partridge Cochin Cock, 2 entries ($1) — First, Jim Genan on 91. Partridge Cochin Hen, 2 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Jim Genan on 92; second. Jim Genan on 93. White Cochin Cock, 2 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Jim Genan on 96; sec- ond, Jim Genan on 97. White Cochin Cockerel, 3 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, C. & C. T. Van Lint on 66; second, Mrs. Anna Belle Ellis on 2. White Cochin Hen, 2 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Mrs. Anna Belle Ellis on 99; second, Mrs. Anna Belle Ellis on 100. White Cochin Pullet, 3 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, C. &. C. T. Van Lint on 74; second, Mrs. Anna Belle Ellis on 5. Black Cochin Cock, 2 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Mrs. Anna Belle Ellis on 9; second, Mrs. Anna Belle Ellis on 8. Black Cochin Hen, 2 entries ($1) — First, Mrs. Anna Belle Ellis on 12. Black Tailed .Tapanese Cock, 1 entry ($1) — First, Mrs. Anna Belle Ellis on 60. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 321 Black Tailed Japanese Cockerel, 1 entry ($1) — First, Mrs. Anna Belle Ellis on 61. Black Tailed Japanese Hen, 1 entry ($1) — First, Mrs. Anna Belle Ellis on 62. Black Tailed Japanese Pullet, 1 entry ($1)— First, Mrs. Anna Belle Ellis on 63. White Japane.se Cock, 1 entry ($1) — First. Mrs. Anna Belle Ellis on 20. A\Tiite Japanese Hen, 1 entry ($1) — First, Mrs. Anna Belle Ellis on 21. Bearded AVhite Polish Cockerel, 2 entries ($1) — First, Mrs. Anna Belle Ellis on 7. Bearded \%'hite Polish Hen, 2 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Mrs. Anna Belle Ellis on 4; second, Mrs. Anna Belle Ellis on 5. Bearded White Polish Pnllet, 2 eiitries (.$1, 50 cents) — First, Mrs. Anna Belle Ellis on 10. Xon-Bearded Polish Cock, 2 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Mrs. Anna Belle Ellis on 13; second, Mrs. Anna Belle Ellis on 14. Non-Bearded Polish Cockerel, 2 entries ($1) — First, Mrs. Anna Belle Ellis on 19. MISCELLANEOUS. W^hite Silkie Cock, 2 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Mrs. Anna Belle Ellis on 30; second, Mrs. Anna Belle Ellis on 31. White Silkie Cockerel, 4 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Jersey Ridge Poul- try Farm on BO-2619; second, Jersey Ridge Poultry Farm on BO-2363. White Silkie Hen, 2 entries ($1) — First, Mrs. Anna Belle Ellis on 32. W'hite Silkie Pullet, 4 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Jersey Ridge Poultry Farm on BO-2318; second, Jersey Ridge Farm on BO-2356. CAPONS. American Capons, 3 entries ($3, $2) — First, Ed F. Evans on 60; second, Ed F. Evans on 61. IDn^lish Capons, 3 entries ($3) — First, Ed F. Evans on 65. PIGEONS. Exhibitors — O. R. Franz, care C. & N. W., Sioux City ; Randolph R. McGregor, 413 E. Prairie St., Brookfield, Mo. ; Edd Rosendall, R. R. 4. Grand Rapids, Mich. ; W. C. Rowland, Alta ; Sunny Side Squab Farm, Scranton. Judge E. C. Branch^ Lees Summit, Missouri. Exhibitor Winning- 3Iost Points (Silver Loving Cup) — Vi. C. Rowland, Alta, Iowa. S^viss Mondaine Cock, 13 entries ($1. 50 cents) — First, W. C. Rowland on 26748; second, W. C. Rowland on 19124. Swiss Mondaine Hen, 13 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First. W. C. Rowland on 19110; second, W. C. Rowland on 19121. Swiss Mondaine Pair, 15 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, W. C. Rowland on 9387; second, W. C. Rowland on 5302. TURKEYS. White Holland Cock, 2 entries ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Mary Wagner on 100; second, Mrs. Mildred Thompson on 90. White Holland Cockerel, 1 entry ($2) — First, Mrs. :Millard Thompson on 37. W^hite Holland Hen, 2 entries ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Millard Thompson on 86; second, Mrs. Mary Wagner on 99. 21 322 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV AVhite Hollaiifl Pullet, 1 entry (,i;2)— First, Mrs. Millard Thompson 26. DUCKS. W^hite Pekin Old Drake, 6 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, Ger- ald R. Duncan on 10; second, Frona B. Stephenson on 14; third, John Bruce on 7; fourth, Capital City Poultry Yards on 43. White Pekin Young Drake, 3 entries ($2, .$1) — First, Mrs. Anna Belle Ellis on 95; second, John Bruce on 9. W^hite Pekin Old Duck, 9 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, Ger- ald R. Duncan on 6; second. Capital City Poultry Yards on 47; third, Frona B. Stephenson on 29; fourth, John Bruce on 8. AVhite Pekin Young Duck, 3 entries ($2, $1) — First, John Bruce on 10; second, Floyd R. Ellis on 98. AVhite Aylesbury Old Drake, 2 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Floyd R. Ellis on 1; second, Floyd R. Ellis on 2. White Aylesbury Y'oung- Drake, 3 entries ($1) — First, Floyd Ellis on 7. AVhite Aylesbury Old Duck, 2 entries ($1) — First, Floyd R. Ellis on 4. Colored Rouen Old Drake, 5 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, Gerald R. Duncan on 106; second, C. & C. T. Van Lint un 22; third, Gerald R. Duncan on 40; fourth, Floyd R. Ellis on 14. Colored Rouen Young Drake, 5 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents) — First, C. & C. T. Van Lint on 1; second, Gerald R. Duncan on 120; third, Floyd R. Ellis on 19. Colored Rouen Old Duck, 5 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, C. & C. T. Van Lint on 6; second. Gerald R. Duncan on 107; third, Gerald R. Dun- can on 112; fourth, Floyd R. Ellis on 17. Colored Rouen Young Duck, 5 entries ($2, $1) — First, Gerald R. Duncan on 121; second, C. & C. T. Van Lint on 21. Black Cayuga Old Drake, 2 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First. Floyd R. Ellis on 26; second, Floyd R. Ellis on 25. Black Cayuga Young Drake, 4 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Floyd R. Ellis on 32; second, Gerald R. Duncan on 101. Black Cayuga Old Duck, 2 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, ]\Irs. Anna Belle Ellis on 28; second, Mrs. Anna Belle Ellis on 29. Black Cayuga Young Duck, 4 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Mrs. Anna Belle Ellis on 34; second, Gerald R. Duncan on 109. Gray Call Old Drake, 2 entries ($1) — First, Floyd R. Ellis on 38. Gray Call Young Drake, 2 entries ($1) — First, Floyd R. Ellis on 42. Gray Call Old Duck, 3 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Floyd R. Ellis on 40; second, Edmond Hanson on 301. Gray Call Young Duck, 2 entries ($1) — First, Floyd R. Ellis on 44. White Call Old Duck, 2 entries ($1)^ — First, Edmond Hanson on 325. Black East India Old Drake, 4 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Gerald R. Duncan 22; second, Gerald R. Duncan on 29. Black East India Young Drake, 2 entries ($1) — First, Edward Hanson on 55. Black East India Old Duck, 4 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Gerald R. Duncan on 31; second, Edmond Hanson on 323. Black East India Young Duck, 4 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Edmond Hanson on 98; second, Gerald R. Duncan on 89. W^hite Crested Old Drake, 2 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Floyd R Ellis on 47; second, Floyd R. Ellis on 48. White Crested Young Drake, 2 entries ($1) — First, Floyd R. Ellis on 53. White Crested Old Duck, 3 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Floyd R. Ellis on ."II ; second, Floyd R. Ellis on 49. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 323 White Crested Young Duek, 2 entries ($1) — First, Floyd R. Ellis on 56. Colored 3Iiiscovy Old Drake, 3 entries ($2, $1, 7 5 cents) — First, Gerald R. Duncan on 11; second, Floyd R. Ellis on 50; third, Floyd R. Ellis on 51. Colored Muscovy Old Duck, 5 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, Gerald R. Duncan on 45; second, Gerald R. Duncan on 43; third, Gerald R. Duncan on 44; fourth, Helen Ross on 52. White 3Iuscovy Old Drake, 2 entries ($2, $1) — First, F. L. Reinhard on 96; second, Helen Ross on 97. White Mu.scovy Young Drake, 2 entries (.$2) — First, Helen Ross on 46. W^hite 3Iu.scovy Old Duck, 2 entries ($2, $1) — First, Helen Ross; second, Helen Ross on 47. Buff Orpington Old Drake, 3 entries ($2, $1) — First, Helen Ross on 63; second, Helen Ross on 64. Buff Orpington Young Drake, 5 entries ($2) — First, Helen Ross on 69. Buff Orpington Old Duck, 5 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, Gerald R. Dvincan on 125; second, Gerald R. Duncan on 110; hird, Helen Ross on 66; fourth, Gerald R. Duncan on 38. Buff Orpington Young Duck, 5 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents) — First, Helen Ross on 72; second, Gerald R. Duncan on 117; third, Gerald R. Duncan on 116. Fawn and White Indian Runner Old Drake, 4 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents) — First, F. L. Reinhard on 107; second, Gerald R. Duncan on 103; third, Helen Ross on 75. Fawn and White Indian Runner Young Drake, 2 entries ($2, $1)^ — First, F. L. Reinhard on 108; second, Helen Ross on 80. Fawn and White Indian Runner Old Duck, 4 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents) — First, F. L. Reinhard on 109; second, Helen Ross on 78; third, Helen Ross on 79. Fawn and White Indian Runner Young Duck, 1 entry ($2) — First, Helen Ross on 82. White Indian Runner Old Drake, 5 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents) — First, F. L. Reinhard on 110; second, F. AV. Johnson on 17; third, Gerald R. Duncan on 34. White Indian Runner Old Duck, 6 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, F. L. Reinhard on 111; second, Gerald R. Duncan on SO; third, Gerald R. Duncan on 35; fourth, Edmond Hanson on 343. W^hite Indian Runner Young Duck, 3 entries ($2) — First, F. L. Reinhard on 112. Blue Swedish Old Drake ($1) — First, Gerald R. Duncan on 98. Blue Swedish Young Drake (ifl, 50 cents) — First, Helen Ross on 59; sec- ond, Helen Ross on 60. Blue Swedish Old Duck, 4 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Gerald R. Duncan on 81; second, Gerald R. Duncan on 111. Blue Swedish Young Duck, 4 entries ($1, 50 cents) — First, Gerald R. Dun- can on 122; second, Gerald R. Duncan on 124. GEESb]. Gray Toulouse Old Gander, 5 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, John Bruce on 1; second, John Bruce on 3; third, Mrs. L. S. Huff on 9; fourth, Helen Ross on 52. Gray Toulouse Young Gander, 4 entries ($3, $2, $1) — First, John Bruce on 5; second, Mrs. L. S. Huff on 10; third, Helen Ross on 54. Gray Toulouse Old Goose, 5 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, John Bruce on 4; second, Helen Ross on 55; third, Mrs. L. S. Huff on 11; fourth, Helen Ross on 56. 324 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Gray Toulouse Young Goose, 4 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, John Bruce on 6; second, Helen Ross on 57; third, Mrs. L. S. Huff on 12; fourth, Helen Ross on 58. White Embden Old Gander, 8 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1) — First, Mrs. Mary Wagner on 9S; second, O. C. Bierma on 90; third, Johnson Brothers on 86; fourth, Johnson Brothers on 85. White Emhden Young Gander, 3 entries ($3, $2) — First, C. & C. T. "Van Lint on 3; second. Helen Ross on 62. White Embden Old Goose, 7 entries ($3, .$2, $1, $1) — First, O. C. Bierma on 32; second, Johnson Brothers on 88; third, Johnson Brothers on 87; fourth, F. D. Shivers on 9. White Embflen Young Goose, 3 entries ($3, $2) — First, C. & C. T. Van Lint on 6; second, Helen Ross on 66. Gray African Old Gander, 6 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, E. J. Heberling" on 1; second, Edmond Hanson on 93; third, Edmond Hanson on 96; fourth, M. C. Rogers on 2. Gray African Young Gander, 4 entries ($2) — First, Edmond Hanson on 31. Gray African Old Goose, 6 entries ($2, $1, 75 cents) — Fir.st, E. J. Eber- ling on 2; second, Edmond Hanson on 44; third, Harry Grimes on 1. Gray African Y'oung Goose, 5 entries ($2, $1) — First, Harry Grimes on 55; second, Edmond Hanson on 424. WTiite Chinese Old Gander, 5 entries ($3, $2, $1, $1)— First. M. C. Rogers on 25; second, Gerald R. Duncan on 105; third, M. C. Rogers on 26; fourth, Edmond Hanson on 29. W^hite Chinese Young Gander, 7 entries ($3. $2, $1, $1) — First, M. C. Rog- ers on 32; second, Gerald R. Duncan on 87; third. Gerald R. Duncan on 104; fourth, M. C. Rogers on 31. White Chinese Old Goose, 6 entries ($3, $2. $1. $1) — First. M. C. Rogers on 28; second, Edmond Hanson on 45; third. Gerald R. Duncan on 23; fourth, Edmond Hanson on 41. \%Tiite Chinese Young Goose. 6 entries ($3. .$2. $1. $1) — First, M. C. Rog- ers on 34; second. Edmond Hanson on 30; third. (Jerald R. Duncan on 96; fourth, Edmond Hanson on SO. Gray Wild or Canadian Old Gander, 2 entries ($2) — First, M. C. Rogers on 37. Gray Wild or Canadian Old Goose, 2 entries (?2) — First. M. C. Rogers on 40. BOYS AND GIRLS' POULTRY DEPARTMENT. Judge Geo. W. Hackett, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Exhibitors — Neil Arnold, Adel ; John Anschutz. 108 High. Keokuk; Donald Acheson, Ames ; Marion Allen, Sioux City ; Edward Anderson. Sioux City ; Mil- vern Anderson, Roland ; Binford Arney. Marshalltown ; Lester Anderson, Sioux City; Penrose Boyd, 807 Franklin St., Keokuk; Homer Barr, Manning; Alice M. Beck, Ottumwa ; Derril Bradstreet, Sioux City ; Kenneth Butler, Sioux City ; Walter Blake, Sioux City ; Frederick Burbank, Sioux City ; Helen Blanchard, Coon Rapids ; Louis Brown, Corning ; Thomas Barron. Carroll ; Lura Beath. Corning ; Everett Blinn, Glidden ; Lawrence Beck, Corning ; Corla Boyd. Bassett ; Ivan Beck, Corning ; Hue Cleary, Glidden ; Carl Claussen. Glidden ; Chester Chris- tian, McCallsburg ; Gerald Cook, Sioux City ; Leon Clock, Geneva ; Wilson Col- lins, 22d and Grand, Keokuk; Maynard Christian, Roland; Lawrence Conradt, 1427 Fulton St., Keokuk; James Cashen. Lamont ; Henry Craig. 1123 Bank St.. Keokuk ; Maxine Curler. Waukee ; Gerald Curler, Waukee ; Kermit Donnelly, Ottumwa ; Clarence Dorr, Baxter ; Earl Dopp. Lamont ; Richard Davis. Ottumwa ; Lawrence Downs. Glidden ; Lottie Domer. Lamont ; Wilbur Dingwell. Adel ; Wil- ford M. Duncan, Marshalltown ; Merrill Doggett, Ames ; Martha Derner, Breda ; AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 325 Lyle Etner, Glidden ; Elder Edmund, 621 Norris St., Ottumwa ; Berdella Egeland, Roland; Robert Easterly, Manning-; Harold Eichelberger, 400 S. First St., Keo- kuk ; Otto Falck, Lament ; Lucile Ford, Sioux City ; Pauline Fitsimones, Ot- tumwa ; Harold Fleischer. Sioux City ; Merrill Finchem, Waukee ; Lucile Gulber- son, Winterset ; Catherine Grimm, Coon R.apids ; Donald Green, Sioux City; Mark Garrett; Ag-ne-s Goodman, Carroll; Hester Geer, Colo; Irene Geer, Colo ; Clifford Grove, Sioux City ; Leonard Henderson, Waukee ; Leroy Hagaman, Glidden ; Wayne Hoyt, Sioux City ; Ethel Hessner, Lamont ; Alvin Hansen, Breda ; Raymond Hilton, Randolph ; Willard Habinck, Sioux City ; Myr- tle Hereim, Roland ; Mildred Hougen, McCallsburg ; Madeline Hetherington, Mon- roe ; Inez Hutcherson, Hilton Road. Keokuk ; Gladys Hickman, Geneva ; Ennis Hoskinson, Corning ; Otis Hereim, Roland ; Florence Hansen, McCallsburg ; Agnes Hendrickson. Nodaway ; Evelyn Hawley, Lamont ; Beulah Haskins, Sioux City ; Leslie Harden, Corning ; Ardis Hereim, Roland ; John Hereim. Roland ; Myrtle Hoskinson, Corning ; Iris Imbadeu, Earlham ; Ella Johnson, Waukee ; Reuben Jacobson, Roland ; Bernard Johnson, Glidden ; Dortha Johns. Glidden ; Amos Jacobson, Roland ; Hila Jorstad, Roland ; Lloyd Jones, Geneva ; Merlin James. Corning ; Theodore Krentz. Sioux City ; Raymond Kieler, Jefferson ; Edwin Kemp. 731 W. 2d St., Ottumwa; Emery Krink, McCallsburg; Julia Ludwig, Breda; Glenn Loeschen, Glidden ; Viola Laport, Glidden ; Vernon Lindblade, Sioux City ; Arnold Loeschen, Glidden ; William Lawson, Sioux City ; Margaret Lohr, Sioux City ; V. L. Maple. Orilla ; Edward Macke, Templeton ; Lola McCorkle, Winter- set ; David Murphy, Vet. Bldg., Sta. A., Ames ; Archie McCoy, Colo ; Alpha Mc- Cart, Geneva; Lela Mardis, 918 Carroll St., Keokuk; Winifred Martin, Monroe; Alice Munson, Roland ; Aaron Melick, Ottumwa ; Marjorie Grace Miller, Collins ; Alice Morris, Sioux City ; Herman Mueller, Coon Rapids ; Celia Masterson, Sioux City ; Elizabeth M. Nelson, 1702 Fulton St.. Keokuk ; Anna Orr. Colo ; Bernard Olson, Sioux City; Arthur Olerick, Breda; Ralph O'Bleness, 1416 D. M. St., Keo- kuk ; Leone O'Leary, Sioux City ; Mary Orr, Colo ; Credalia Olson. McCallsburg ; Angla Ocken, Maple River; Veda Podhaski, Monticello ; Martha Peppers, 1201 Chester Ave., Ottumwa ; Dean Pendarvis, Keosauqua ; Lawrence Polking. Breda ; Irwin Pruss, Glidden ; Kenneth Potter, Bassett ; Maurice Pederson, Sioux City ; Willard Payne, Adel ; Lyle Roup, Ames ; John Radebaugh, Winterset ; Wendell Russell, New Hampton ; Ernest Rod, Roland ; Lewis Reittinmaris, Carroll ; Theo- dore C. Rupley, 222 Concert St., Keokuk; Bert Ritland. McCallsburg; Charley Reiman, Jefferson ; Edward Rupley, 222 Concert St., Keokuk ; Karl Roegner. Geneva ; Gerald Rohr. Monticello ; Lucette Roberts, Sioux City ; Harry Reinhold, Sioux City ; Urzilla Reinhold, Sioux City ; Clara Anna Reid, Sioux City ; Helen Reid. Sioux City ; Lyle Strom, Sioux City ; Clarence Secden, Glidden ; Carl Smith, Earlham; Alvin Schmidt, Ottumwa; George Swihart, Baxter; Alfred Straw- man, Anamosa; Herman Swanson, Ottumwa; Helen Sapp; Paul Scheyli, Mil- ton ; Frank Smith, Sioux City ; Lilburn Staman, Sioux City ; Marcia Spencer. Randolph; Merton Spencer, Randolph; Harold Shaw, 532 W. Maple St, Ottumwa; Harold Sobaugh, Nevada ; Evelyn Schroeder, Arcadia ; Maynie Shaw, Anamosa ; Keith Taylor, Mitchellville ; Cecil Tanner, Palo ; Orel Thomas, Coon Rapids ; Thorn & Fern, Glidden ; Irving Trevelute, Randolph ; Helen Tisdale, Colo ; Fred Tlsdale, Colo ; Golden Thompson, Roland ; Elvin Trusty, Ionia ; Harrison Taylor. Monroe ; Beulah Usher, Cedar Rapids ; Edward Unruh, Sioux City ; Floyd Van Pelt, Corning; Wilbur Vandervender, Adel; Greta Wilson. Monroe; George Wagner, Ottumwa ; Blanche Walker, Corning ; Wilbur Wharton, Baxter ; Alice Wilson, Colo ; Ross Wiegand, Ottumwa ; Ruth White, Randolph ; Edwin Wearth, Ames ; Ruth Wheeler, Coon Rapids ; Helmuth Walye. Carroll ; Mazette Wilson. Macksburg ; Stephen Wheelock, Springville ; Ethel Weldon, Randolph ; Caroline Wentzel, Glidden ; Leo Winneke, Carroll ; Lambert Winneke, Carroll ; Florence Weaver, Ralston ; Britt Willits Jr., Corning ; Dale Whiting, Estherville ; Ruth Williams, Maple Hill ; Walter Zierath, New Hampton ; Ina Zierath, New Hamp- ton. AMERICAN CLASS. Sweepstakes, Best Cockerel, American Section (:1!5) — Inez Hutcherson on Sweepstakes, Best Pullet, American Section ($5) — Mazette Wilson. 326 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Barred Plymouth Rock Cockerel, 23 entries ($2, $1, 50 cents, 25 cents) — First, Frank Hedges on 81; second, Keith Taylor on 19; third, Harold Lo- bough on 521; fourth, Leo Winnike on 102. Barred Plymouth Rock Pullet, 22 entries ($2, $1, 50 cents, 25 cents, 25 cents) — First, Charley Reiman on 17; second, Lambert Winnike on 11; third, Charley Reiman on 19; fourth, Harold Cusper on 98; fifth, Lambert Winnike on 143. Barred Plymouth Rock Pen, 17 entries ($4, $2, $1, $1, $1) — First, Leo Winnike; second, Keith Taylor; third, Leo Winnike; fourth, Lambert Win- nike; fifth, Lambert Winnike. White Plymouth Rock Cockerel, 15 entries ($2, $1, 50 cents, 25 cents, 25 cents) — First, Paul Scheyle on 18; second, Ruth Williams on 1; third, Louis Brown on 41; fourth, Helen Tisdale on 139; fifth, Erma Schwitzer. White Plymouth Rock Pullet, 16 entries ($2, $1, 50 cents, 25 cents, 25 cents) — First, Louis Brown on 40; second, Paul Scheyli; third, Willard Holemik on 32; fourth, Paul Scheyli; fifth, Fred Tisdale on 552. White Plymouth Rock Pen, 16 entries ($4, $2, $1, $1, $1) — First, Paul Scheyli; second, Lawrence Beck; third, Fred* Tisdale; fourth, Louis Brown; fifth, Milvern Anderson. Any Other Variety Rocks, Cockerel, 14 entries ($2, $1, 50 cents. 25 cents, 25 cents) — F'irst, Otto Falik on 47; second, Kermit Donnelly on 190; third. Celia Masterson on 6; fourth, Geo. Wagner on 118; fifth, Berdelia Egeland on 12. Any Other Variety Rocks, Pullet, 11 entries ($2, $1. 50 cents, 25 cents, 25 cents) — First, Celia Masterson on 7; second, Otto Falik on 44; third, Harold Lobaugh on 557; fourth. Elder Edmond on 161; fifth, Beulah Haskin on 2. Any Other Variety of Rocks, Pen, 10 entries ($4, $2, $1, $1, $1) — First. Otto Falilv; second, Beulah Haskin; third, Kermit Donnelly; fourth, Irwin Pruss; fifth, Harold Lobaugh. White Wyandotte Cockerel, 18 entries ($2, $1, 50 cents, 25 cents, 25 cents) — First, Armal Michaels; second, Clara Ann Reid on 1; third, Winifred B. Martin on 12; fourth, Derril Bradstreet on 26; fifth, Carl Smith. W^hite AVyandotte Pullet, IS entries ($2, $1, 50 cents, 25 cents, 25 cents) — First, Armal Michaels; second, Derril Bradstreet on 27; third, Carl Smith; fourth, Lela Mardis on 42; fifth, Winifred B. Martin on 11. White Wyandotte Pen, 20 entries ($4, $2, .$1. $1, $1) — First, Inez Hutcher- son; second, Winifred Martin; third, Corla Boyd; fourth, Carl Smith; fifth, Kenneth Butler. Buff Wyandotte Cockerel, 4 entries ($1) — Second, Lyle Strom on 46. Buff AVyandotte Pullet, 5 entries ($2, $1) — First, Clara Anna Reid on 16; second, Lyle Strom on 47. Buffi Wyandotte Pen, 6 entries ($4, $2) — First, Clara Anna Reid; second, Lyle Strom. Silver Laced Wyandotte Cockerel, 2 entries ($2) — First, Glen Amenell. Silver JLaced Wyandotte Pullet, 3 entries ($2, $1) — First, Harold Diehl: second, Glen Amenell. Silver Laced Wyandotte Pen, 3 entries ($4, $2) — First, Carl Clausen; sec- ond. Hue Cleary. Golden Laced Wyandotte Cockerel, 2 entries ($2, $1) — First, Walter Zie- rath on 1; second, Clifford Grove on 28. Golden Laced Wyandotte Pullet, i! entries ($2, $1) — First, Clifford Grove on 22; second, Walter Zierath on 2. Golden Laced Wyandotte Pen, 2 entries ($4, $2) — First, Clifford Grove; second, Walter Zierath. Any Other Variety AVyandotte Cockerel, 4 entries ($2) — Fir.st. Cecil Tan- ner on 41. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 327 Any Other Variety AVyaiidotte I'ullet, 3 entries ($2, $1) — First, Cecil Tan- ner on 42; second, Golden Thompson on 5. Any Other Variety Vl'yandotte Pen, 3 entries ($4) — First, Cecil Tanner. Sin«rle Comb Rhode Island Red Cockerel, 23 entries ($2, $1, 50 cents, 25 cents, 25 cents) — First, Mazette Wilson; second, Edward Unruh on 1; third. David Murphy on 68; fourth, "Wendell Russell on 69; fifth, Lola McCorkle. Single Comb Rhode Island Red Pullet, 25 entries ($2, $1, 50 cents, 25 cents, 25 cents) — First, :\Iazette Wilson; second, Lola McCorkle; third, Ed- ward Unruh on 3; fourth, Wendell Russell on 58; fifth, David Murphy on 174. Single Comb Rhode Island Red Pen, 25 entries ($4, $2, $1, $1, $1) — First, Mazette Wilson; second, Wendell Russell; third, David Murphy; fourth, John Radebaugh; fifth, Iris Imbaden. Rose Comb Rhode Island Red Cockerel, 3 entries ($2, $1) — First, Harry Reinhold on 54; second, Kenneth Bloom. Rose Comb Rhode Island Red Pullet, 3 entries ($2, $1) — First, Harry Reinhold on 55; second, Kenneth Bloom. Rose Comb Rhode Island Red Pen, 5 entries ($4, $2) — First, Ivan Beck; second, Julia Ludwig. MEDITERRANEAN SECTION. S'weepstakes, Best Cockerel ($5) — Clarence Dorr on 6. Sweepstakes, Best Pullet, ($5) — Thomas Barron on 88. Brown Leghorn, Any Variety, Cockerel, 4 entries ($2, $1, 50 cents, 25 cents) — First, Pauline Fitsimmones on 135; second, Alice M. Beck on 156; third, Pauline Fitsimmones on 147; fourth, Bernard Olson on 41. Brown Leghorn, Any Variety, Pullet, 3 entries ($2, $1, 50 cents) — First, Pauline Fitsimmones on 155; second, Alice M. Beck on 186; third, Bernard Olson on 42. Brown Leghorn, Any A'ariety, Pen, 10 entries ($4, $2, $1, $1, $1) — First, First, Pauline Fitsimmones; second, Alice M. Beck; third, Helmuth Walye; fourth, Lawrence Polking-; fifth, Merrill Doggett. White Leghorn, Any Variety, Cockerel, 17 entries (?2, $1, 50 cents, 25 cents, 25 cents) — First, Clarence Dorr on 6; second, Ruth W^hite; third, Verdon Hall; fourth, Paul Delmer; fifth, Wilbur Vandevender on 21. White Leghorn, Any Variety, Pullet, 13 entries ($2, $1, 50 cents, 25 cents. 25 cents) — First, Rutli White; second, Clarence Dorr on 7; third, Wilbur Vandevender on 22; fourth, W^ilson Collins on 19; fifth, W^illiam Larson on 82. White Leghorn, Any Variety, Pen 19 entries (?4, $2, $1, $1, $1)— First, Raymond Hilton; second, Angla Ocken; third, Ruth White; fourth, Clarence Dorr; fifth, Geo. Swihart. Bu« Leghorn, Any Variety, Cockerel, 3 entries ($2, $1) — First, Harold Fleischer on 81; second, Veda Podhaski on 185. Buff Leghorn, Any Variety, Pullet, 3 entries ($2, $1)— First, Veda Pod- haski on 597; second, Harold Fleischen on 82. Buff Leghorn, Any Variety, Pen, 3 entries ($4, $2) — First, Harold Flei- scher; second, Veda Podhaski. Black 3Iinorca, Any Variety, Cockerel, 3 entries ($2, $1, 50 cents) — First, Donald Green on 36; second, Edwin Wearth on 592; third, Marjorie Grace Miller on 2. Black Minorca, Any Variety, Pullet, 5 entries ($2, $1, 50 cents, 25 cents) — • First, Helen Reid on 9; second, Donald Green on 37; third, Edwin Wearth on 595; fourth, Marjorie Grace Miller on 1. Black Minorca, Any Variety, Pen, 5 entries ($4, $2, $1, $1, $1)— First, Glenn Loeschen; second, Everett Blinn; third. Edwin Wearth; fourth, Helen Reid; fifth, Marjorie Grace Miller. 328 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Illue AiidaliiNian Cockerel. 3 entries ($2. $1, 50 cents) — First, Martha Pep- pers on 117; second, Martha Peppers on 195; third, Martha Peppers. Blue Andalusian Pullet ($2, $1, 50 cents) — First, Lucette RolDerts on 1; second, Lucette Roberts on 2; third, Martha Peppers on 15S. Blue Andaluslan Pen, 2 entries ($4, $2) — First, Martha Peppers; second, Martha Peppers. Cajmpines, Any Variety, Cockerel, 4 entries ($2, $1, 50 cents) — First, Ina Zierath on 11; second, Pauline Fitsimmones on 92; third, Pauline Fitsim- mones. Canipines, Any "Variety, Pullet, 4 entries ($2, $1) — First, Ina Zierath on 12; second, Edwin Kemp on 171. Canipines, Any Variety, Pen, 4 entries ($4, $2) — First, Ina Zierath; sec- ond, Le Roy Hag-aman. Anconas, Any Variety, Cockerel, 5 entries ($2, $1, 50 cents, 25 cents) — First, Donald Acheson on 2; second, Donald Acheson on 1; third, Neil Ar- nold on 29; fourth, Gerald Rohr on 512. Aneonas, Any Variety, Pullet, 6 entries ($2, $1, 50 cents, 25 cents) — First, Neil Arnold on 30; second, Donald Acheson on 3; third. Donald Acheson on 4; fourth, Gerald Rohr on 548. Anconas, Any Variety, Pen, 10 entries ($4, $2, $1, $1) — First, Thos. Bar- ron; second, Donald Acheson; third, Alvin Schmidt; fourth, Neil Arnold. ENGLISH SECTION. Sweepstakes, Best Cockerel, Engrlisli Section ($5) — Lyle Roup on 92. Sweepstakes, Best Pullet, £nglisli Section ($5) — C. ^V. Walker. BuflE Orpington Cockerel, 13 entries ($2, $1, 50 cents, 25 cents, 25 cents) — First, Harold Shaw on 120; second, Bert Ritland on 28; third, Harold Lo- baugh on 30; fourth, Lenora Bohler; fifth, Alice Morris on 66. Buff Orpington Pullet, 13 entries ($2, $1, 50 cents, 25 cents, 25 cents) — First, Harold Shaw on 128; second, Alice Morris on 67; third, Harold Lo- baugh on 529; fourth, Bert Ritland on 167; fifth, Lenora Bohler. Buff Orpington Pen, 10 entries ($4, $2, $1, $1) — First, Alice Morris; sec- ond, Harold Shaw; third, Harold Lobaugh; fourth, Herman Mueller. White Orpington Cockerel, 7 entries ($2, $1, 50 cents, 25 cents, 25 cents) — First, Lyle Roup on 92; second, Archie McCoy on 192; third, Lilburn Sta- man on 81; fourth, Lyle Roup on 93; fifth, Richard Davis on 193. White Orpington Pullet, 7 entries ($2, $1, 50 cents, 25 cents, 25 cents) — First, Vernon Lindblade on 6; second, Vernon Lindblade on 5; third, Lil- burn Staman on 91; fourth, Richard Davis on 101; fifth, Archie McCoy on 532. White Orpington Pen ($4, $2, $1, $1, .$1) — First, C. "VV. Walker; second, Evelyn Schroeder; third, Lilburn Staman; fourth, Hoiner Barr; fifth, Lyle Roup. Cornish, Any Variety, Cockerel, 3 entries ($2, $1) — First, Frank Smith on 61; second, Kermit Donnelly on 184. Cornish, Any Variety, Pullet, 2 entries ($2, $1) — First, Frank Smith on 62; second, Kermit Donnelly on 141. Cornish, Any Variety, Pen ($4, $2) — First, Frank Smith; second, Kermit Donnelly. Black Langshan Cockerel, 2 entries ($2, $1) — First, Marion Allen on 66; second, Maxine Curler on 13. Black Lang.shan Pullet, 2 entries ($2, $1) — First, Marion Allen on 67; second, Maxine Curler on 14. Black Langshan Pen, 3 entries (|4, $2, $1) — First, Helen Sapp; second, Marion Allen; third, Gerald Curler. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 329 GRAND SWEEPSTAKES. Best Cockerel, All Breeds (Special Sweepstakes Ribbon) — Clarence Dorr on 135. Best Pullet, All Breeds (Special Sweepstakes Ribbon) — Mazette Wilson. Best Old Pen, Single Comb Rhode Island Reds ($4, $2, $1, $1, $1) — First, Wendall Russel; second, Aaron Melick; third, John Radebaugh; fourth, Lu- cile Guiberson; fifth, Iris Imbaden. AVhite AVyandottes, Pen Old Bird.s, 2 entries ($4, $2) — First, Carl Smith; second, Clara Anna Reid. Silver Laced AVyandottes, Pen Old Birds, 2 entries ($4) — First, Margaret Lohr. Golden Laced AVyandottes, Pen Old Birds, 1 entry ($4) — First, Clifford Grove. Black Minorcas, Pen Old Birds, 2 entries ($4, $2) — First, Helen Reid; sec- ond, Edwin Wearth. Rabbit Department Judge C. R. Pinneo, Omaha, Nebraska. Exhibitors — J. M. Allen, 1557 27th St., Des Moines ; Backstrom & Lundgreen, 413 S. E. Fifth St., Des Moines; A. L. Burr, Des Moines; W. C. Brown, 1532 20th St., Des Moines; Mrs. Wm. W. Cronkwright, 1512 Center St., Des Moines; C. J. Cummins, 1435 E. Grand, Des Moines; W. A. Hendricks, Ottumwa ; G. I. Jones, 1417 21st St.. Des Moines; H. C. Kempton, 1222 Pleasant St., Des Moines; Carl P. Marxer, 1721 Oakland Ave., Des Moines; F. W. Mason. 824 E. Bell Ave., Des Moines ; J. R. Manning, Waukee. AMERICAN BLUES. Senior Buck ($2.50, .?2, $1, 75 cents) — First, G. I. Jones on A-1; second, G. I. Jones on 2; third, G. I. Jones on 4; fourth, G. I. Jones on 3. Senior Doe ($2.50, $2, $1) — First, G. I. Jones on A-2; second, G. I. Jones on 59117; third, G. I. Jones on 59116. Junior Buck ($2.50, $2, $1) — First, G. I. Jones on B-4; second, G. I. Jones on B-3; third, G. I. Jones on B-2. Junior Doe ($2.50, $2, $1, 75 cents) — First, G. I. Jones on D-2; second, G. I. Jones on D-5; third, G. I. Jones on D-1; fourth, G. I. Jones on D-3. AMERICAN CHECKERED GIANT. Senior Buck (75 cents) — Fourth, Backstrom & Lundgreen on 1-B. Senior Doe ($2.50) — First, Backstrom & Lundgreen on 2-B. Junior Buck ($2.50, $2)First. Backstrom & Lundgreen on 3-B; second, Backstrom & Lundgreen on 4-B. Junior Doe ($2.50, $2) — First, Backstrom & Lundgren on 5-B; second, Backstrom & Lundgreen on 6-B. ANGORAS. Junior Doe ($2.50, $2) — First, J. R. Manning; second, J. R. Manning. BELGIAN HARES. Senior Buck ($2.50, $2, $1, 75 cents. 50 cents) — First, W. C. Brown on 2-C; second, W^. C. Brown on PM-5; third, W. C. Brown on A-14H; fourth, W. C. Brown on E-2; fifth, ^^ C. Brown on PM-4B. Senior Doe ($2.50, $2, $1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First. W. C. Brown on H-1; 330 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV second, H. J. Illsley on 274; third, Backstrom & Lundgreen on I-L; fourth, Backstrom & Lundgreen on 3-L; fifth, W. C. Brown on C-10. Junior Buck ($2.50, $2, $1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, W. C. Brown on G-4; second, W. C. Brown on G-5; third, ^V. C. Brown on A-7; fourth, W. C. Brown on A-6; fifth, W. C. Brown on A-4. Junior Doe ($2.50, $2, $1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, W. C. Brown on G-2; second, ^V. C. Brown on H-3; third, W. C. Brown on G-1; fourth, W. C. Brown on A-3; fifth, W. C. Brown on G-3. DARK STEEL GRAY FLEMISH GIANT. Senior Buck ($2.50, $2, $1, 75 cents) — First, J. M. Allen; second, Mrs. Wm. W. Cronkwright on WC-30; third, J. M. Allen; fourth, J. M. Allen. Senior Doe ($2.50, $2, $1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, Mrs. Wm. W. Cronk- wright on L-4; second, Mrs. Wm. W. Cronkwright on 59135; third, J. M. Allen; fourth, Mrs. Wm. W. Cronkwright on L-3; fifth, Mrs. Wm. W. Cronk- wright on WEI. Junior Buck (75 cents) — Fourth, J. R. Manning. Junior Doe ($2.50) — First, J. M. Allen. GRAY FLEMISH GIANT. Senior Buck (50 cents) — Fifth, J. R. Manning. Senior Doe ($2.50, $2, $1, 75 cents) — First, G. I. Jones on 1; second, J. P. Manning; third, Mrs. Wm. W. Cronkwright on Mc-21; fourth, J. P. Man- ning. Junior Buck ($2.50, $2) — First, J. R. Manning; second, J. R. Manning. Junior Doe ($2.50, $2. $1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, J. M. Allen; second, J. R. Manning; third, J. R. Manning; fourth, J. R. Manning; fifth, J. R. Manning. WHITE FLEMISH GIANT. Junior Doe ($2.50) — First, F. W. Mason on A-1. HIMALAYANS. Senior Buck ($2.50, $2, $1, 75 cents) — First, Backstrom & Lundgreen on 6-L; second, Backstrom & Lundgreen on S-L; third, Backstrom & Lund- green on 7-L; fourth, Backstrom & Lundgreen on 5-L. Junior Buck ($2.50, $2, $1) — First, Backstrom & Lundgreen on 11-L; sec- ond, Backstrom & Lundgreen on 9-L; third, Backstrom & Lundgreen on 10-L. Junior Doe ($2.50) — First, Backstrom & Lundgreen on 12-L. NEW ZEALAND RED. Senior Buck ($2.50, $2, $1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, A. L. Burr; second, F. W. Mason on W-1; third, J. M. Allen; fourth, Carl P. Marxer; fifth, W. A. Hendricks on H. Senior Doe ($2.50, $2, $1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First. A. L. Burr; second, J. M. Allen; third, F. W. Mason on W-4; fourth, J. M. Allen; fifth, A. L. Burr on 6. Junior Buck ($2.50, $2, $1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, J. M. Allen; second, J. M. Allen; third, J. M. Allen; fourth, Carl P. Marxer; fifth, Carl P. Marxer. Junior Doe ($2.50, $2, $1, 75 cents, 50 cents) — First, J. M. Allen; second, F. W. Mason on W-5; third, A. L. Burr; fourth. A. L. Burr; fifth, J. M. Allen. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 331 Agricultural Deparlmeul Superintendent H. O. Weaver, Wapello, Iowa. Judge P. C. Taff, Ames, Iowa. FIELD CORN. NORTHERN DISTRICT. Ten Ear.s Yellow ($15, $10, $8, $6, $4, $2) — First, A. L. Look, Lu Verne; second, C. H. Arthur, Spirit Lake; third, Wm. M. Green, Gruver; fourth, Andrew Laird, Nashua; fifth, Isaac Johnson, West Union; sixth, Fritz Tin- derholdt, Ossian. Ten Ears White ($15, $10, $8, $6, $4, $2) — First, Alfred Schenck, Algona; second, E. R. Mowdsley, Irvington; third, R. B. Brown, Inwood; fourth, R. W^. Butterfield, Irvington; fifth, Hanson Brothers, Inwood; sixth, C. H. Arthur, Spirit Lake. Single Ear Yellow ($10, $8, $5, $3, $2) — First, E. R. Mowdsley, Irvington; second, A. L. Look, Lu Verne; third, C. H. Arthur, Spirit Lake; fourth, An- drew Laird, Nashua; fifth, Isaac Johnson, West Union. Single Ear White ($10, $8, $5, $3, $2) — First, Alfred Schenck, Algona; second, E. R. Mowdsley, Irvington; third, Hanson Brothers, Inwood; fourth, R. W. Butterfield, Irvington; fifth, R. B. Brown, Inwood. NORTH CENTRAL DISTRICT. Ten Ear.s Yellow ($15, $12, $10, $8, $6, $4, $3, $1) — First, E. B. Glenney, Union; second, P. M. Peterson, Cherokee; third, Fred G. Pinn, Humboldt; fourth, W. J. Irving, Blairsburg; fifth, H. C. Brown, Salix; sixth, E. L. Peterson, Harcourt; seventh, J. Albert Anderson, Harcourt; eighth, V. E. Gustafson, Harcourt. Ten Ears White ($15, $12, $10, $8, $6, $4, $3, $1)— First, W. J. Irving, Blairsburg; second, J. W, Earl, Ft. Dodge; third, E. L. Peterson, Harcourt; fourth, Fred G. Pinn, Humboldt; fifth, Herbert Herke, Fonda; sixth, E. B. Glenney, Union; seventh, P. M. Peterson, Cherokee; eighth, Ed F. Evans, Webster City. Single Ear Yellow ($12, $10, $8, $5, $3, $2) — First, Fred G. Pinn, Hum- boldt; second, W. J. Irving, Blairsburg; third, H. C. Brown, Salix; fourth, J. Albert Anderson, Harcourt; fifth, J. W. Earl, Ft. Dodge; sixth, V. E. Gustafson, Harcourt. Single Ear White ($12, $10, $8, $-5, $3, $2) — First, W. J. Irving, Blairs- burg; second, Ed F. Evans, Webster City; third, E. B. Glenney, Union; fourth, J. W. Earl, Ft. Dodge; fifth, E. L. Peterson, Harcourt; sixth, Fred G. Pinn, Humboldt. SOUTH CENTRAL DISTRICT. Ten Ears Yellow ($25, $20, $18, $15, $12, $10, $8, $6, $3, $2)— First, I. E. Proudflt, Altoona; second, C. W Packer, Altoona; third, H. C. Jarnagan, Monroe; fourth, C. E. Hiatt, Mitchellville; fifth, C. G. Seiberling, Mitchell- ville; sixth, Marion Coppock, Ankeny; seventh, E. L. Pearson, Mitchell- ville; eighth, Frank B. Goecke, State Center; ninth, Roy E. Proudfit, Adel- phi; tenth, Harry N. Webster, Adelphi. Ten Ears White ($20, $18, $15, $10, $8, $6, $4, $2, $2, $1)— First, John Jus- tice, Ankeny; second, W. O. Knopp, Guthrie Center; third, Loren L. Ben- tall, Adel; fourth. Earl Knopp, Guthrie Center; fifth, Wm Danner, Dallas Center; sixth, Paul Kern, Minburn; seventh. Matt Baker, Mitchellville; eighth, S. D. Whiner, R, R. 5, Des Moines. Single Ear Yellow ($18, $15, $12, $10, $8, $5, $3, $2, $2, $1)— First, C. E. Hiatt, Mitchellville; second, Paul Tucker, Mitchellville; third, C. G. Sei- berling, Mitchellville; fourth, Frank Edgarton, Altoona; fifth, I. E. Proud- fit, Altoona; sixth, E. L. Pearson, Mitchellville; seventh, Marion Coppoclv, 332 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Anlxfiij-; eighth, Edwin Ballon, Panora ; ninth, Earl Zeller. Jefferson; tenth, O. Osborn, Maxwell. Singrle Ear White ($12, $10, $8, $6, $5, $3, $2, $1) — First, John Justice, Ankeny; second, W. F. Otcheck, Altoona; third. Earl Knopp, Guthrie Cen- ter; fourth, Norman Heathershaw, R. R. 7, Des Moines; fifth, Frank Jus- tice, Berwick; sixth, Wm. Danner, Dallas Center; seventh, Matt Baker, Mitchellville; eighth, Loren L,. Bentall, Adel. SOUTHERN DISTRICT. Ten Ears Yellow ($25, $20, $18, $15, $12, $10, $8, $6, $3, $2) — First, J. A. Mason, Carlisle; second, Walter Reynolds, Delta; third, Krizer Brothers, Eddyville; fourth, Ray Redfern, Yarmouth; fifth, N. H. Krizer, Rose Hill; sixth, John Middlecock, Rose Hill; seventh, Victor Pierrot, Weaver; eighth, Bruce Hanna, Lacey; ninth, E. F Hanna, Oskaloosa; tenth. Mack Utter- back, Sigourney. Ten Ears \%^hite ($20, $18. $15, $10, $8, $G. $4, $2, $2, $1)— First, Mack Utterback, Sigourney; second, Harry Hilton, Malvern; third, Frank Hilton, Malvern; fourth, Walter Russell, Indianola; fifth, A. B. Ringgenberg, Sla- ter; sixth, Lenus Dagglund, Essex; seventh, Mintle Brothers, Glenwood; eighth, W. W. Ettleman, Percival; ninth, N. H. Krizer, Rose Hill; tenth, Ellsworth Bailey, Ottumwa. Singrle Ear Yellow ($18, $15, $12, $10, $8, $5, $3, $2, $2, $1) — First, J. A. Mason, Carlisle; second, Mrs. Edna E. Malone, Atlantic; third, Ray Red- fern, Yarmouth; fourth, N. H. Kriser, Rose Hill; fifth, Walter Reynolds, Delta; sixth, Bruce Hanna, Lacey; seventh, E. T. Hanna, Oskaloosa; eighth. Mack Utterback, Sigourney; ninth, Roy Farley, Carlisle; tenth, Ellsworth Bailey, Ottumwa. Single Ear White ($12, $10, $8, $6, $3, $2, $2, $1) — First, Ellsworth Bai- ley, Ottumwa; second, Harry Hilton, Malvern; third. Floe Clark, Carlisle; fourth, Lenus Dagglund, Essex; fifth, Frank Hilton, Malvern; sixth, W. W. Ettleman, Percival; seventh, T\^alter Russel, Indianola; eighth, C. D. Rime, Floris. NORTHERN AND NORTH CENTRAL DISTRICTS. Ten Ears Other than Yellow or White ($5, $4, $3, $2, $1) — First, W. J. Irving, Blairsburg; second, E. L. Peterson, Harcourt; third, E B. Glenney, Union; fourth, Isreal M. Holder, Laurens; fifth, Norman Hethershaw, R. R. 7, Des Moines. Singrle Ear Other than Yellow or White ($4, $3, $2, $1, $1) — First, E. L. Peterson, Harcourt; second, W. J. Irving, Blairsburg; third, P. M. Peter- son, Cherokee; fourth, E B. Glenney, Union; fifth, Isreal M. Holder, Lau- rens. SOUTH CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN DISTRICTS. Ten Ears Other than Yellow or White ($5 $4, $3, $2, $1) — First, Earl Zeller, Jefferson; second, W. F. Otcheck, Altoona; third, P. M. Parsons, Car- lisle; fourth, Mrs. Edna E. Malone, Atlantic; fifth, Guy Coon, Hartford. Single Ear Other than Yellow or \^'hite ($4, $3, $2, $1, $1) — First, Earl Zeller, Jefferson; second, John Justice. Ankeny; third, W. F. Otcheck, Al- toona; fourth, John Frush, Pleasantville; fifth, Roy Farley, Carlisle. SWEEPSTAKES. Ten Ears Yellow ($15) — I. E. Proudfit, Altoona. Ten Ears AVhite ($15) — John Justice, Ankeny. Ten Ears Other than Yellow or White ($10) — Earl Zeller, Jefferson. Sing:le Ear Yellow ($10) — C. E. Hiatt, Mitchellville. Sing-le Ear White ($10) — John Justice, Ankeny. Single Ear Other than Yellow or AVhite ($5) — E L. Peterson, Harcourt. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 333 GRAND SWEEI'STAKES. Ten E^ars, Any Variety (Ribbon) — I. E. Proudfit, Altoona. Single Ear, Any Variety (Ribbon) — C. E. Hiatt, Mitchellville. SWEET CORN AND POP CORN. Ten Ears Small Early Sweet Corn ($10, $8, $G, $4, $2) — First, J. M. Wil- liamson, Des Moines; second, J L. Todd, Des Moines; third, Wm. M. Green, Gruver; fourth, J. E. Cornwell, Ankeny; fifth, Marion Coppock, Ankeny. Ten Ears Late Sweet Corn ($10, $8, $6, $4, $2) — First, W. F. Otcheck, Al- toona; second, C. L. Thornton, Ankeny; third, Marion Coppock, Ankeny; fourth, Vern Otcheclv, Altoona; fifth, Mrs. Edna E..Malone, Atlantic. Ten Ears Evergreen Roasting Ears for Table Use, in Husks ($3, $2, $1) — First, J. E Cornwell, Ankeny; second, H. P. Cornwell, Ankeny; third, C. C. McGrew, Des Moines. Ten Ears Country Gentleman Roasting Ears for Table Use, in Husks ($3, $2, $1) — First, Sestier Brothers, Des Moines; second, Paul Peters, Ankeny; third, C. C. McGrew, Des Moines. Ten Ears White Rice Pop Corn ($10, $8, $6, $4, $2) — First, J. L. Todd. Des Moines; second, Ray Redfern, Yarmouth; third, Vern Otcheck, Altoona; fourth, W. F. Otcheck, Altoona; fifth, James H. Comer, Des Moines. Ten Ears Any Other Variety Pop Corn ($10, $8, $6, $4, $2) — First, Wm Switzer, Boone; second, Leora Leonard, Mingo; third, W. F. Otcheck. Al- toona; fourth, J. T. Warriner, Troy; fifth, Frank McKee, Altoona. GRAINS AND SEEDS. Winter Wheat ($6, $5, $4, $3, $2, $1) — First, Carl Holden, Williamsburg-; second, Victor Pierrot, Wever; third, W. F. Lyon, Pleasantville; fourth, Mrs. J. W. Freel, Pleasantville; fifth, Matt Baker, Mitchellville; sixth, John Justice, Ankeny Spring Wheat ($6, $5, $4, $3, $2, $1) — First, John Frush, Pleasantville; second, Mrs. J. W. Freel, Pleasantville; third, Carl Holden, Williamsburg; fourth, E. M. Wilson, Panora; fifth, "V\^. F. Lyon, Pleasantville; sixth, John Justice, Ankeny. Small Early Oats ($6, $5, $4, $3, $2, $1) — First, Ray Redfern, Yarmouth; second, Alfred Barrett, Mitchellville; third, Leland Taylor, Mitchellville; fourth, A. E. Johnson, Laurens; fifth, J. T Wasson, Panora; sixth, Noal Tucker, Mitchellville. Swedish Type Oats ($6, $4, $3) — First, Vern Otcheck, Purdy; third, W. F. Otcheck, Altoona; fourth, Matt Baker, Mitchellville. Silver Mine Type Oats ($6, $5, $4, $3, $2, $1) — First, Paul Peters, Ankeny; second, W. F. Otcheck, Altoona; third, W. T. Wilson, Panora; fourth, F. V: Law, Ankeny; fifth, J. A. Mason, Carlisle; sixth. Matt Baker, Mitchellville. Uarge Colored Oats ($4, $3, $2, $1) — First, W^ F. Otcheck, Altoona; sec- ond, J. T. Wasson, Panora; third, D. W. Bruns, Sigourney; fourth, Carl Holden, Williamsburg-. Rye ($4, $3, $2, $1) — First, E. M. Wilson, Panora; second, J. A. Mason, Carlisle; third, W. F, Lyon, Pleasantville; fourth, Adam Stamm, R. R. 6, Des Moines. Barley ($5, $4, $3, $2, $1) — First, E. M. Wilson, Panora; second, W. F. Otcheck, Altoona; third, Matt Baker, Mitchellville; fourth, Walter Russell, Indianola; fifth, Mrs. J W. Freel, Pleasantville. Speltz ($4, $3, $2) — First, J. E. Cornwell, Ankeny; second, E. M. Wilson, Panora; third. Matt Baker, Mitchellville. Timothy Seed ($5, $4, $3, $2, $1) — First, Ray Redfern. Yarmouth; second, W. F. Otcheck, Altoona; third, John W. Baker, Creston; fourth. Mrs. Edna E. Malone, Atlantic; fifth, Carl Holden, AVilliamsburg. 334 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Red Clover Seed ($5, $4, $3, $2, .$1) — First, Frank Justice; second, Matt Baker; third, E. L. L'earson; fourth, Ermile Hunt; lifth, G R. Gilbert. Millet Seed ($4, $3, $2) — First, W. F. Otcheck, Altoona; second, J. T. Was- son, Panora; third, John W. Baker, Creston. Flaxseed ($4, $3) — First, J. A. Mason, Carlisle; second, C. H. Arthur, Spirit Lake. GRASS AND FORAGE. Timothy Sheaf, Hay ($5, $4, $3, $2, $1) — First, Adam Stamm, R R. 6, Des Moines; second, Edwin Justice, Ankeny; third, F. M. Wilson, Panora; fourth, J. E. Cornwell, Ankeny; fifth, W. F. Otcheck, Altoona. Red Top Sheaf, Hay ($5, $4, $3, $2, $1) — First, Raymond Hethershaw, Des Moines; second, W. F. Otcheck, Altoona; third, J. E. Cornwell, Ankeny; fourth, John Brush, Pleasantville; fifth, Mrs. J. W. Freel, Pleasantville Medium Red Clover Sheaf Hay ($5, $4, $3, $2, $1) — First, Raymond Heth- ershaw, Des Moines; second, Ray Redfern, Yarmouth; third, Carl Holden, Williamsburg; fourth, F. L. Reinhard, Ottumwa; fifth, J. E. Cornwell, An- keny. Mammoth Red Clover Sheaf, Hay ($5, $4, $3, $2, $1) — First, Raymond Hethershaw, Des Moines; second, Mrs. Edna E. Malone, Atlantic; third, F. L. Reinhard, Ottumwa; fourth, S. A. Shetterly. Hartford; fifth, Deora Leonard, Mingo. Alsike Clover Sheaf, Hay ($5, $4, $3, $2, $1) — First, Carl Holden, Wil- liamsburg; second, Raymond Hethershaw, R. R. 6, Des Moines; third, J. E. Cornwell, Ankeny; fourth, Mrs. Edna E. Malone; Atlantic; fifth, F. L. Rein- hard, Ottumwa. Alfalfa Clover Sheaf, Hay ($5, $4, $3, $2, $1) — First, Raymond Hether- shaw, Des Moines; second, J. E. Cornwell, Ankeny; third, Adam Stamm, Des Moines; fourth, J. A. Mason, Carlisle; fifth, Ermile Hunt, Carlisle. 3Iillet Sheaf, Hay ($5, $4, $3, $2, $1) — First, E M. Wilson, Panora; sec- ond, Ray Redfern, Yarmouth; third, W. F. Otcheck, Altoona; fourth, J. T. Wasson, Panora; fifth, Vern Otcheck, Purdy. Blue Grass Sheaf, Hay ($5, $4, $3, $2, $1) — First, J. T. Wasson, Panora; second, Raymond Hethershaw, Des Moines; third, W. F. Otcheck, Altoona; fourth, Reinhard & Wilson, Ottumwa; fifth, Adam Stamm, Des Moines. Sudan Grass Sheaf, Hay ($4, $3, $2, $1) — First, H. P. Cornwell, Ankeny; second, J. E. Cornwell, Ankeny; third, E M. Wilson, Panora; fourth, Mrs. J. W. Freel, Pleasantville. SHEAF GRAIN. W^heat in Straw, Spring ($5, $4, $3, $2, $1) — First, Raymond Hethershaw, Des Moines; second, Carl Holden, Williamsburg; third, Ermile Hunt, Car- lisle; fourth, J. A. Mason, Carlisle; fifth, W. F. Otcheck, Altoona. \^^heat in Straw, AVinter ($5, $4, $3, $2, $1)— First, J. A. Mason, Carlisle; second, Ermile Hunt, Carlisle; third. Floe Clark, Carlisle; fourth, Cecil & Claude Malone, Atlantic; fifth, E. M Wilson, Panora. Barley in Straw ($5, $4, $3, $2, $1) — First, W. F. Otcheck, Altoona; sec- ond, W. F. Lyon, Pleasantville; third, J. A. Mason, Carlisle; fourth, Mrs. Edna E. Malone, Atlantic; fifth, J. T. Wasson, Panora. Oats in Straw, Early ($5, $4, $3, $2, $1)— First, E. M. Wilson, Panora; second, J T. Wasson, Panora; third, F. L. Reinhard. Ottumwa; fourth, W. F. Otcheck, Altoona; fifth, Reinhard & Wilson, Ottumwa. Oats in Straw, Late ($5, $4, $3, $2, $1)— First, W. F. Otcheck; Altoona; second, Adam Stamm, Des Moines; third, Vern Otcheck, Purdy; fourth, Ermile Hunt, Carlisle; fifth, Carl Holden, Williamsburg. Rye in Straw ($5, $4, $3, $2, $1) — First, W. F. Otcheck, Altoona; second, E. M. Wilson, Panora; third, Edwin Justice, Ankeny; fourth, Cecil «fe Claude Malone, Atlantic; fifth, F. L. Reinhard, Ottumwa. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 335 Flax for Seed. May Be One Year Old ($5. $4. $3 $2)— First, W. F. Otcheck, Altoona; second, Raymond Hethershaw, Des Moines; third, Vern Otcheck, rurdy; fourth, J. T Wasson, Panora. Ripe 3Iillet for Seed ($5, $4, $3, $2, $1) — First. E. M. AVilson. Panora; sec- ond, J. T. Wasson, Panora; third. F. L. Reinhard, Ottumwa; fourth, Mrs. J. vV. Freel, Pleasantville; fifth, W. F. Lyon, Pleasantville. Speltz ($5, $4, $3, .$2, $1) — First, E. M. Wilson. Panora; second, W. F. Otcheck, Altoona; third, J. T. Wasson, Panora; fourth, Cecil & Claude :Ma- lone, Atlantic; fifth, F. L. Reinhard, Ottumwa. Timothy Sheaf, for Seed ($5, $4, $3, $2, $1) — First, F. L. Reinhard, Ot- tumwa; second. Reinhard & "Wilson, Ottumwa; third, Mrs. Edna E. Malone, Atlantic; fourth, Mrs. J. W. Freel, Pleasantville; fifth, J. E. Cornwell, An- keny. Blue Gra.s.s Sheaf, Seed ($5, $4, $3, $2, $1)— First, F. L. Reinhard, Ottum- wa; second. Reinhard & unison. Ottumwa: third, Victor Pierrot, Wever; fourth, J. E. Cornwell, Ankeny; fifth, W. F. Otcheck, Altoona. Sudan Gras.s Sheaf. Seed ($4, $3, $2, $1) — First. H. P. Cornwell, Ankeny; second, F. L. Reinhard, Ottumwa; third, J. E. Cornwell, Ankeny; fourth, J. T. Wasson, Panora. POTATOES. (Early Varieti.es.) Early Ohio ($10, $6, S5, $4, $3, $2, $1) — First, W. E. Utterback. Sigourney; second, Mrs. E. J. J. Heise, Arling-ton; third, James Hethershaw, Des Moines; fourth. John Frush, Pleasantville; fifth, Beaver Ridge Gardens, Grimes; sixth, Geo. W. Betts, Des Moines; seventh, F. E. Law, Ankeny. Bli.ss Triumph ($10. $6, $5, $4, $3, $2, $1,)— First, W. E. Utterback, Sigour- ney; second, ^V. F. Otcheck, Altoona; third, Chas. M. Pink, Des Moines; fourth, Mrs. J. ^y. Freel, Pleasantville; fifth, Vern Otcheck, Purdy; sixth, James Hethershaw, Des Moines; seventh, Elmer Reed, Ames. Beauty of Hebron ($10, $6, $5, $4) — First, John Frush, Pleasantville; sec- ond, Chas. M. Pink. Des Moines; third, James Hethershaw, Des Moines; fourth, Sestier Brothers. Des Moines. Sweepstake.s, Early Varieties ($5) — W. E. Utterback, Sigourney. (Midseason.) Iri.sh Cobbler ($10, $6, $5, $4, $3, $2, $1)— First, Mack Utterback, Sigour- ney; second. W. E. Utterback, Sigourney; third, S. F. Lafon, Carlisle; fourth, James Hethershaw, Des Moines; fifth. Chas. M. Pink, Des Moines; sixth, Neva A. Bridie, Mingo; seventh. Henry De Wild, Mitchellville. Maggie Murphy ($10. $6, $5, $4. $3, $2) — First, Chas. M. Pink, Des Moines; second, W. E. Utterback, Sigourney; third, James Hethershaw, Des Moines; fourth, Sestier Brothers, Des Moines; fifth, Elmer Reed, Ames; sixth, John Frush, Pleasantville. Blue Victor ($10, $6, $5, $4)— First, W. E. Utterback, Sigourney; second, Chas. M. Pink, Des Moines; third, Sestier Brothers, Des Moines; fourth, J. F. "Wasson. Panora. Sweeptakes, Midseason Varieties (.?5)— W. E. Utterback, Sigourney. (Late) Bonanza ($1U, $G, $5, $4)— P^irst. James Hethershaw, Des Moines; second, Chas. M. Pink, Des Moines; third, W. E. Utterback. Sigour^iey; fourth, Sestier Brothers, Des Moines. Rural Xew Yorker ($10. $6, $5, $4, $3. $2. $1)— First, W. E. Utterback. Sig- ourney; second, Gale Reed, Ames; third, John Frush, Pleasantville; fourth. Chas. M. Pink, Des Moines; fifth, Jas. Hethershaw, Des Moines; sixth, Elmer Reed, Ames; seventh, Sestier Bros., Des :Moines. Seneea Beauty ($10, $G. $5, $4, $3, $2, $1)— First, Mrs. .L W. Freel, Pleas- aiitville; second, Chas. 'M. Pink, Des Moines; third, John Frush, Pleasant- 336 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV ville; fourth. Mack Utterback, Sig-ourney; fifth, Sestier Bros., Des Moines; sixth, Elmer Reed, Ames; seventh, J. L. Todd, Des Moines. Sweepstakes, Late Varieties ($5) — W. E. Utterback, Sigourney. Miscellaneous, Collection to Consist of at Least Ten Varieties ($50, $30, $25, $20, $15, $10) — First, Chas. M. Pink, Des Moines; second, W. E. Utter- back, Sigourney; third, John Frush, Pleasantville; fourth, James Hether- shaw, Des Moines; fifth, J. U. Walker, Swan; sixth, Elmer Reed, Ames. Sweepstakes in Miscellaneous Varieties ($5) — Chas. M. Pink, Des Moines. Grand Sweep.stakes, Competition Limited to Sweepstakes Winners in Four Divisions ($10) — Chas. M. Pink, Des Moines. SWEET POTATOES. Red Jersey ($5, $3, $2) — First, J. M. Henderson, Des Moines; second, Jas. Hethershaw, Des Moines; third, Sestier Bros., Des Moines. Yellow Jersey ($5, $3, $2) — First, J. M. Henderson, Des Moines; second, Sestier Bros., Des Moines; third, Jas. Hethershaw, Des Moines. White Sweet Potatoes ($5, $3, $2) — First, Chas. M. Pink, Des Moines; sec- ond, Sestier Bros., Des Moines; third, Jas. Hethershaw, Des Moines. Any Meritorious Variety Not Listed Above, Limited to Three Varieties — (Nancy Hall) (3, $2, $1) — First, J. M. Henderson, Des Moines; second, Ses- tier Bros., Des Moines; third, Chas. M. Pink, Des Moines. (Red Bermuda) ($3, $2, $1) — First, Sestier Bros., Des Moines; second, Chas. M. Pink, Des Moines; third, Elmer Reed, Ames. (Porto Rico) ($3) — First, Chas. M. Pink. FIELD OR STOCK VEGETABLES. Beets, White Half Sugrar, Three Specimens ($3, $2, $1) — First, Jas. Heth- ershaw, Des Moines; second, Chas. M. Pink, Des Moines; third, Sestier Bros., Des Moines. Beets, Mang-el-Wurzels, Three Specimens ($3, $2, $1) — First, Jas. Hether- shaw, Des Moines; second, Elmer Reed, Ames; third, J. R. Griffieon, Mitch- ellville. Beets, Golden Tankard, Three Specimens ($3, $2, $1) — First, Jas. Heth- ershaw, Des Moines; second, Chas. M. Pink, Des Moines; third, J. R. Grif- fieon, Mitchellville. White Carrots for Stock, Six Specimens ($3, $2, $1) — First, Elmer Reed, Ames; second. Gale Reed, Ames; third, Jas. Hethershaw, Des Moines. Pumpkins, Ripe Field, Two Specimens ($3, $2, $1) — First, I. E. Proudfit, Altooona; second, Jas. Hethershaw, Des Moines; third, Mrs. G. P. Klein, ATtoona. Rutabagas, for Stock, Any Variety, Six Specimens ($3, $2, $1) — First, Sestier Bros., Des Moines; second, Elmer Reed, Ames; third. Gale Reed, Ames. Squash, for Stock, Two Specimens ($3, $2, $1) — First, Sestier Bros.. Des Moines; second, R. T. Packer, Adelphi; third, C. W. Packer, Altoona. Turnips, for Stock, Six Specimens ($3, $2, $1) — First, C. W. Phelps, Des Mcines; second, Sestier Bros., Des Moines; third, Chas. M. Pink, Des Moines. Larg:est Specimen of Field or Stock Vegetables, Not Deformed ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. T. J. Flora, Des Moines; second, I. E. Proudfit, Altoona; third. Sestier Bros., Des Moines. Largest Squash ($3, $2, $1) — First, Sestier Bros., Des Moines; second, J. R. Griffieon, Mitchellville; third, C. W. Packer, Altoona. Largest ^SVhite Carrot ($3, $2, $1) — First, Elmer Reed, Ames; second. Gale Reed, Ames; third, Wm. Switzer, Boone. Largest Beet, Mangel-Wurzel ($3, $2, $1) — First, Elmer Reed, Ames; sec- ond, Gale Reed, Ames; third, Jas. Hethershaw, Des Moines. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 337 Largest Turnip ($3, $2, $1) — First J. A. Mason, Carlisle; second, C. W. Phelps, Des Moines; third, Cyrus Harvey, Altoona. Larg-est Rutabag-a ($3, $2, $1) — First, Sestier Bros., Des Moines; second, Chas. M. Pink, Des Moines; third, Jas. Hethershaw, Des Moines. VEGETABLE ROOT CROPS. Red Globe Onions, One Dozen ($3, $2, $1) — First, Beaver Ridge Gardens. Grimes; second, C. T\'. Phelps, Des Moines; third, John Frush, Pleasant- ville. "White Globe Onions, One Dozen ($3, $2, $1) — First, Jas. Hethershaw, Des Moines; second, Sestier Bros., Des Moines; third, John Frush, Pleasant- ville. Yellow Globe Onions, One Doalen ($3, $2, $1) — First, John Frush, Pleas- antville; second, Sestier Bros., Des Moines; third, C. W. Phelps, Des Moines. Twelve Largest Onions, Any Variety ($3, $2, $1) — First, John Frush. Pieasantville; second, Jas. Hethershaw, Des Moines; third, J. L. Todd, Des Moines. Best One Dozen Onions Not Named Above ($3, $2, $1) — First, Chas. M. Pink, Des Moines; second, Henry DeRoss, Des Moines; third, Cyrus Harvey, Altoona. Turnips, One-half Dozen ($3, $2, $1) — First, Sestier Bros., Des Moines; second, Jas. Hethershaw, Des Moines; third, John Frush, Pieasantville. Rutabagas, Turnips, One-half Dozen, Yellow Flesh ($3,$2.$1) — First, Ses- tier Bros., Des Moines; second, J. R. Griffieon, Mitchellville; third, Elmer Reed, Ames. Parsnips, One-half Dozen ($3, $2, $1) — First, Jas. H. Comer, Des Moines; second, C. W. Phelps, Des Moines; third, J. L. Todd, Des Moines. Carrots, for Table Use, One-half Dozen ($3, $2, $1) — First, J. L. Todd, Des Moines; second, Sestier Bros., Des Moines; third, Jas. H. Comer, Des Moines. Commercial Sugar Beets ($3, $2, $1) — Sestier Bros., Des Moines; second, Chas. M. Pink, Des Moines; third, Jas. Hethershaw, Des Moines. Beets for Table Use, One-fourth Dozen ($3, $2, $1) — First, Gale Reed, Ames; second, Chas. M. Pink, Des Moines; third, W. F. Otcheck, Altoona. Vegetable! Oysters, One-half Dozen ($3, $2, $1) — First, Sestier Bros., Des Moines; second, Cyrus Harvey, Altoona; third, J. D. Todd, Des Moines. TABLE VEGETABLES. One Quart Shelled Ground Cherries ($3, $2, $1) — First, J. W. Pearson. Mitchellville; second, Cyrus Harvey, Altoona; third, J. R. Griffieon, Mitchell- ville. Beans, Pole Lima, Shelled, One Quart ($3, $2, $1) — First, Cyrus Harvey, Altoona; second, J. R. Griffieon, Mitchellville; third, Elmer Reed, Ames. Beans, Henderson's Bush Lima, Shelled. One Quart ($3, $2, $1) — First, J. L. Todd, Des Moines; second, Jas. H. Comer, Des Moines; third, John Frush, Pieasantville. Beans, White Navy, Shelled, One Quart ($3, $2, $1) — First, J. R. Griffieon, Mitchellville; second, A. D. Adamson, Ankeny; third, J. M. Henderson, Des Mcines. Cabbage, Early Jersey Wakefield, Three Heads ($3, $2, $1) — First, Jas. Hethershaw, Des Moines; second, Jas. H. Comer, Des Moines; third, J. L. Todd, Des Moines. Cabbage, Late Flat, Three Heads ($3, $2, $1)— First, J. W. Pearson, Mitch- ellville; second, Wm. Wolf, Grimes; third, Elmer Reed, Ames. Cabbage, Red, Thre« Heads ($3, $2, $1) — First, Sestier Bros., Des Moines; second, Jas. Hethershaw, Des Moines; third, Chas. M. Pink, Des Moines. 338 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Cabbage, Savoy, Three Heads ($3, $2. $1) — First, Henry DeRoss; second, Jas. Hethershaw; third, Chas. M. Pink. Cabbage, Three Heaviest Heads ($3, $2, $1 ) — First, Cyrus Harvey; second, Jas. Hethershaw; third, Sestier Bros. Cabbage, Round, Any Variety, Three Heads ($3, .$2, $l)^First, Sestier Bros.; second, Jas. Hethershaw; third, Cyrus Harvey. Cauliflower, Three Heiads ($3, $2, $1) — First, Sestier Bros.; second, Jas. Hethershaw; third, J. L. Todd. Cucumbers, Ripe, Three Specimens ($3, $2, $1) — First, Wm. Wolf; second, Jas. Hethershaw; third, Jane Adamson. Cucumbers, for Slicing, Six Specimens ($3, $2, $1) — First, J. L. Todd; sec- ond, C. W. Phelps; third, Jas. Hethershaw. Celery, Red, Roots Attached, Six Stalks ($3, $2) — First, Sestier Bros.; second, Jas. Hethersliaw. Celery, White, Roots Attached, Six Stalks (?3, $2, $1) — First, Sestier Bios.; second, Beaver Ridge Gardens; third, Jas. Hethershaw. Egg Plants, Three Specimens ($3, $2, $1) — First, C. W. Phelps; second. Jas. Hethershaw; third, Harry Wyatt. Kohl Rabi, Three Heads ($3, $2, .$1) — First, F. L. Overly, Indianola; sec- ond, Cyrus Harvey; third, Jas. Hethershaw. Muskmelons, Green Fleshed, Three Specimens ($3, $2, $1) — First, Harry YN^yatt; second, Mrs. E. J. J. Heise, Arlington; third, Sestier Bros. Muskmelons, Salmon Fleshed, Three Specimens ($3, $2, $1) — First, Harry Wyatt; second, J. P. GrifReon; third, Jas. Hethershaw. Peppers, Green Mango, Twelve Specimens ($3, $2, $1) — First, Sestier Bros.; second, Elmer Reed; third, C. W. Phelps. Peppers, Red Mango, Twelve Specimens ($3, $2, $1) — First, Sestier Bros.; second, Elmer Reed; third, Jas. Hethershaw. Peppers, Red, Twelve Specimens ($3, $2, $1)— First, C. W. Phelps; second, Mrs. C. Clementine, Des Moines; third, J. L. Todd. Peppers, Red Cayenne, Twelve Specimens ($3, $2, $1)— First, Cyrus P[arvey; second, C. "\Y. Phelps; third, Jas. Hethershaw. Pumpkin, Ripe Sweet, Two Specimens ($3, $2, $1) — First, Sestier Bros.; second, Mrs. T. J. Flora; third, W. T. Otcheck. Rhubarb, for Table Vse, Six Stalks ($3, $2, $1) — First, Sestier Bros.; sec- ond, Jas. H. Comer; third, Jas. Hethershaw. Squash, Banana, Two Specimens ($3, $2, $1) — First, J. R. Griffieon; second, John Frush; third, Cyrus Harvey. Squash, Boston Marrow, Two Specimens ($3, |2, $1) — First, Sestier Bros.; second, Jas. Hethershaw; third, J. "VY. Pearson. Squash, Crook Neck, Two Specimens ($3, $2, $1) — First, Jas. Hethershaw: second, C. W. Phelps; third, Mrs. C. Clementine. Squash, Deliciou.s, Two Specimens ($3, $2, $1)— First, Sestier Bros.; sec- ond, Cyrus Harvey; third, Jas. Hethershaw. Squash, Essex Hybrid, Two Specimens ($3, $2) — First. Sestier Bros.; sec- ond, Jas. Hethershaw. Squash, Hubbard, Two Specimens ($3, $2, $!>• — First, Jas. Hethershaw; second, J. W. Pearson; third, Sestier Bros. Squash, Mablehead, Two Specimens ($3, $2, $1) — First, Jas. Hethershaw; second, J. W. Pearson; third, Cyrus Harvey. Table Queen or Danish, Two Specimens ($3, $2, $1) — First, Sestier Bros.: second, Cyrus Harvey; third, Jas. Hethershaw. Squash, Sibley, Two Specimens ($3, .$2) — First, Sestier Bros.; second, Jas. Hethershaw. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 339 Tomatoes, IUmI, Twelve Si»ecimeiis ($3. .$2, $1)— First, W. F. Volz, Cedar Rapids; second, Harry Wyatt; third, Sestier l^ros. Tomatoes, Purple, Twelve Specimens ($3, ?2, $1) — First, J. L. Todd; sec- ond, Harry Wyatt; third, Cyrus Harvey. Tomatoes, Yellow, Twelve Specimens ($3, $2, $1) — First, Chas. M. Pink; second, Cyrus Harvey; third, J. L. Todd. Tomatoes, Liargest Any Variety, T^velve Specimens ($3, |2, $1) — First, Sestier Bros.; second, Chas. M. Pink; third, J. L. Todd. W^atermelons, Two Specimens ($3, $2, $1) — First, Jas. Hethershaw; sec- ond, Orville Foster, Des Moines; third, Sestier Bros. DISPLAYS. Display of Onionj« to Consist of Not L-ess Than Five Varieties of Five Specimens Each ($10, $6, $4. $2) — First, Jas. Hethershaw, Des Moines; sec- ond, John Frush, Pleasantville; third, Sestier Bros., Des Moines; fourth, W. F. Otcheck, Altoona. Display of Tomatoes* to Consist of Five A'arieties of Five Specimens Each ($10, $6, $4, $2) — First, Jas. Hethershaw; second, Chas. M. Pink; third, Sestier Bros.; fourth, Cyrus Harvey. Display of Peppers to Con.sist of JVot Less Than Five Varieties of Five Specimens Each ($10, $G, $4, $2) — First, Sestier Bros.; second, Jas. Heth- ershaw; third, Chas. M. Pink; fourth, Cyrus Harvey. Vegetable Sweepstakes ($30, $25, $20, $15, $10) — First, Sesti-er Bros.; sec- ond, Jas. Hethershaw; third, Chas. M. Pink; fourth, W. E. Utterback; fifth. Elmer Reed. Individual Farm Exhibit Judge Don E. Fish, Ames, Iowa. Individual F^arm Exhibit From North Central District, Pro Rata on Points Above 3Iinimum ($163.73, $136.27) — First, P. M. Peterson, Cherokee; second. :Mrs. E. J. J. Heise, Arlington. Individual Farm Exhibit From South Central Di.striet, Pro Rata on Points Above Minimum ($179.06, $159.07, $139.50, $122.37) — First, E. M. Wilson. Panora; second, J. T. Wasson, Panora; third, John S. Clarke, Boone; fourth, Frank Trucks, Coon Rapids. Individual Farm Exhibit From Southern District, Pro Rata on Points Above 3Iinimuni ($179.83, $173.44, $158.95, $153.40, $84.38)— First, J. A. Ma- son, Carlisle; second, J. W. Freel, Pleasantville; third, Mrs Edna E. Malone; Atlantic; fourth, AV. F. Lyon, Pleasantville; fifth, L. S. Huff, Norwalk. luflividual Farm Exhibits From Polk County, Pro Rata on Points Above 31inimum ($129.06, $120.94) — First, John Justice, Ankeny; second, Chas. O. Garrett, Des Moines. Sweepstakes for the Hijarhest Scoring Individual Farm Exhibits ($50, $30, $20, $10) — First, E. M. Wilson, Panora; second, J. A. Mason, Carlisle; third, .lohn Justice, Ankeny; fourth, J. T. Wasson, 7'anora. 340 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV County Exhibits ( Don E. Fish, Ames, Iowa. Judges I J. W. Merrill, Muscatine, Iowa. County Exhibit From Northern. District, Pro Rata on Points Above Mini- mum ($304.54, $295.46) — First, Winnebago county; .second, Clay county. County Exhibit Erom North Central District, Pro Rata on Points Above Minimum ($300) — First, Webster county. County Exhibit From South Central District, Pro Rata on points Above Minimum ($351.24, $335.59, $319.95, $2S7.88, $280.05, $276.14, $275.36, $273.79) ■ — First, Polk county; second, Guthrie county; third, Carroll county; fourth, Poweshiek county; fifth. Story county; .sixth, Boone county; seventh. Green county; eighth, Audubon county. County Exhibit FVom Southern District, Pro Rata on Points Above Mini- mum ($340.77, $332.60, $312.98, $292.56, $290.92, $289.29, $287.65, $280.30, $272.93) — First, Pottawattamie county; second, Cass county; third, Louisa county; fourth. Mills county; fifth, Marion county; sixth, Clarke county; seventh, Decatur county; eighth, Warren county; ninth, Lee county. Sweepstakes for the Highest Scoring: County Exhibit ($50, $30, $20, $10) • — First, Polk county; second. Guthrie county; third. Pottawattamie county; fourth, Cass county. In order to encourage care in arrangement and decorating exhibits five special premiums are offered for the most attractive, best decorated and best arranged exhibits ($30, $25, $20, $15, $10)— First, Polk county; second, Guthrie county; third, Story county; fourth, Carroll county; fifth, Cass county. Culinary Department Superintendent H. O. Weaver, Wapello, Iowa. ( Jessie McCorkindale, Odeboldt, Iowa. ■^^^^^^ I Hattie Shroyer, Mount Ayr, Iowa. Loaf Yeast Bread ($10, $7, $5, $3, $2) — First, Mrs. C. G. Seiberling, Mitch- ellville; second, Maude Erskin, Runnells; third, Sadie Law, Ankeny; fourth, Mrs. Guy F. States, Altoona; fifth, Mrs. Flora Baker, Mingo. Loaf Salt Rising- Bread ($5, $4, $3, $2, $1)— First, Mrs. E. M. Cross. Des Moines; second, Mrs. F. Happe. Danbury; third, Mrs. J. A. Peters, Ankeny: fourth, Mrs. A. A. Johnson, Gladbrook; fifth, Mrs. H. Johnson, Gladbrook. Loaf Graham Bread ($5, $4, $3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. F. H. Sinclair, Des Moines; second, Mrs. J. W. Grinstead, Mitchellville; third, Mrs. J. A. Peters, Ankeny; fourth, Mrs. E. M. Sinclair, Des Moines; fifth, Mrs. E. M. Cross, Des Moines. Loaf Nut Bread ($5, $4, $3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. J. A. Peters, Ankeny; sec- ond, Mrs. Chas. B. Arnold, Des Moines; third, Mrs. A. A. Johnson' Glad- brook; fourth, Mrs. F. H. Sinclair, Des Moines; fifth, Odessa P. Llewellyn, Waukee. Loaf Entire Wheat Bread ($5, $4, $3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. F. H. Sinclair, Des Moines; second, Mrs. E. M. Sinclair, Des Moines; third, Mrs. Geo. Grin- stead, Mitchellville; fourth, Mrs. J. A. Peters, Ankeny; fifth, Mrs. M.. Kast- berg, Des Moines. Pan of Rolls ($5, $4, $3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. Chas. B. Arnold, Des Moines; second, Mrs. C. G. Seiberling, Mitchellville; third, I. J. Bishop, Mitchellville; fourth, Mrs. C. F. Spring, Des Moines; fifth, Mrs. E. M. Sinclair, Des Moines. Loaf Rye Bread ($5, $4. $3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. E. M. Sinclair, Des Moines; AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 341 second, Mrs. F. H. Sinclair, Des Moines; third, Mrs. H. Johnson, Gladbrook; fourth, Mrs. M. Kastberg-, Des Moines; fifth, Mrs. J. A. Peters, Ankeny. Loaf Corn Bread ($5, $4, $3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. J. A. Peters, Ankeny; sec- ond, Mrs. A. A. Johnson, Gladbrook; third. Mrs. E. L. Pearson, Mitchell- ville; fourth, Mrs. Clarence Alexander, Runnells; fifth, Anna Ault, Mitchell- ville. CAKES. Loaf Cake, Fruit ($3, $2. $1) — First, M. A. Rood, Des Moines; second, Mrs. E. L. Thompson, Des Moines; third, Mrs. Jas. W. Grinstead, Mitchellville. Pound ($3, $2, $1) — First, Anna B. Frost, Des Moines; second, Mrs. C. E. ISIessmer, Des Moines; third, Mrs. Jesse Alexander, Indianola. Sponge ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. Jesse Alexander; second, Mrs. E. M. Cross, Des Moines; third, Mrs. L. O. Gaston. Des Moines. Watermelon ($3, $2) — First, Mrs. Jesse Alexander; second, Mrs. A. A. Johnson, Gladbrook. Coffee ($3, $2, $1) — First, Anna B. Frost, Des Moines; second, Mrs. T. J. I'lora, Des Moines; third, Mrs. C. E. Messmer, Des Moines. Marble ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. Jesse Alexander; second, Anna B. Frost; third, Mrs. A. A. Johnson. Angel Food ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. E. D. Pearson, Mitchellville; second, Mrs. Frank E. Hutson, Waukee; third, Mrs. L. F. Smith, Des Moines. Sunshine ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. Jesse Alexander; second, Mrs. E. M. Cross; third, Mrs. A. A. Johnson. Fairy Loaf ($3, $1) — First, Mrs. Jesse Alexander; third, Mrs. R. W. Spen- cer, Des Moines. Bride's Cake ($3) — First, Mrs. Jesse Alexander. Xut Loaf, ^\^lite ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. Jesse Alexander; second, Mrs. Fred Meecham, Adelphi; third, Mrs. F. H. Moorman, Des Moines. Devil's Food ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. Jesse Alexander; second, Mrs. Fred ]\Ieecham; third, Andrea M. Smith, Des Moines. White Citron ($3, $2) — First, Mrs. Jesse Alexander; second, Mrs. A. A. Johnson. Cocoanut Loaf (.$3. $2, $1) — First, Mrs. Jesse Alexander; second, Mrs. F. H. Moorman; third, ]\Irs. A. A. Johnson. Currant Loaf ($3, $1) — First, Mrs. Jesse Alexander; second, Mrs. A. A. Johnson. Election Loaf ($3, $2) — First, Anna B. Frost, Des Moines; second, Mrs. A. A. Johnson. White Fruit ($3, $2. $1) — First, Mrs. Jesse Alexander; second, Anna B. Frost; third, Mrs. T. J. Flora. Gold Cake ($3, $2, $1) — First, Bud Decker Smith, Des Moines; second. Mrs. C. E. Messmer; third, Mrs. Frank E. Huston. Jam Cake ($3, $2, $1) — First, Leota Smith, Campbell; second, Mrs. Jesse Alexander; third, Anna B. Frost. Layer Cake, Almond ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. Frank E. Hutson; second. :Mrs. Jesse Alexander; third, Feme Botsford, Des Moines. Banana (.$3, $2) — First, Mrs. Jesse Alexander; second, E. Heydon, Mitch- ellville. Caramel, or Burnt Sugar Cake ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. Jesse Alexander; second, Leota Smith; third, Mrs. Frank E. Hutson. White, Caramel Frosting ($3, $2, $1) — First, May West, Des Moines; sec- ond, Mrs. Jesse Alexander; third, Leota Smith. Chocolate Layer Cake, White Frosting ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. Frank E. Huston; second, Mrs. Jesse Alexander; third. Andrea ^l. Smith. 342 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV AVhitc Layer Cake, Chocolate Frosting ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. J. B. Put- man, Des Moines; second, Mm. Jesse Alexander; third, Leota Smith. Cocoanut ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. Frank E. Hutson; second, Mrs. E. L. Pearson; third, Mrs. Jesse Alexander, Fig, W^lite Layer ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. Jesse Alexander; second, E. Heydon; third, Mrs. Fred E. Mote, Des Moines. Figr, Dark: Layer ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. Jesse Alexander; second, Mrs. C. G. Seiberling; third, Mrs. F. H. Moorman. Jelly Layer ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. A. A. Johnson; second, Mrs. Jesse Alexander; third, Anna B. Frost. Jelly Roll ($3, $2, $1) — First, Emma R. Roberts, Des Moines; second, Mrs. Jesse Alexander; third, Mrs. Cyrus Harvey, Altoona. Lemon Jelly ($3, $2, $1) — First, ]Mrs. Jesse Alexander; second, Anna B. Frost; third, Mrs. Anna Gannon. 3Iai)le ($3, $2, $1) — First, Anna B. Frost; second, Mrs. Frank E. Huston; third, Mrs. Jesse Alexander. Marshmallow ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. Jesse Alexander; second, Mrs. A. A. Johnson; third, Mrs. Frank E. Huston. Kngll.sh W^alniit ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. Anna Gannon; second, Mrs. Jesse Alexander; third, Mrs. Frank E. Huston. ZVut, Spice ($3, $2) — First, Anna B. Frost; second, Mrs. Jesse Alexander. Orange ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. Jesse Alexander; second, Mrs. A. A. John- son; third, Mrs. Jas. "W. Grinstead. Pineapple ($3, $2) — First, Mrs. Frank E. Huston; second. Mrs. Jesse Alex- ander. Ribbon ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. Jesse Alexander; second, Mrs. E. L. Pear- son; third, Mrs. Frank E. Huston. White Layer, AVhite Frosting ($3, $2, $1) — First, E. Heydon; second, Mrs. Frank E. Huston; third, Vena Patterson, Carlisle. COOKIES, ETC. One Dozen Sugar Cookies ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Chas. B. Arnold, Des Moines; second, Mrs. J. A. Peters, Ankeny. One Dozen Cocoanut Cookies ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. J. A. Peters; second, Mary Wineg-ar, Mitchellville. One Dozen Fruit Cookies ($2, $1) — First, Anna Ault; second, Mrs. Frank Scott, Bondurant. One Dozen Nut Cookies (?2, $1) — First, Mrs. E. M. Sinclair; second, Mrs. E. C. Cooper, Prairie City. One Dozen Chocolate Cookies (?2, $1) — First, Feme Botsford, Des Moines; second, Mrs. F. H. Sinclair. One Dozen Ginger Cookies ($2, $1) — First, L. M. Morgan, Bondurant; sec- ond, Mrs. Minnie Oberman, Burlington, One Dozen Macaroons ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Frank Scott; second, Mrs. A. W. Phillips, Elkhart. One Dozen Raised Doughnuts ($2, $1) — First. Mrs. A. A. Johnson; second. May West, Des Moines. One Dozen Baking Powder Doughnuts ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. A. A. John- son; second, Mrs. J. A. Peters. Loaf Hard Ginger Bread ($2, $1) — First, :\rrs. J. A. Peters; second, Mrs. Frank E. Huston. Loaf Soft Ginger Bread ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. L. O. Gaston; second, Mrs. E. L. Pearson, Mitchellville. One Dozen La«ly Fingers ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. A. A. Johnson; second, Mrs. E. M. Sinclair. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 343 One DoKOn Alnionil Wafers ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. F. H. Sinclair; second, Mrs. E. L. Thompson, Des Moines. Basket Fancy Cakes or Cookies ($3, $2) — First, Mrs. June Collins, Bon- durant; second, Mrs. Frank E. Hutson. HOMEMADE CANDY. Plate French Cream ($2, $1, 50c) — First, Mrs. John C. Ash, Des Moines; second, Mrs. F. W. McMullen, Des Moines; third, Mrs. AV. W. Preston. Carlisle. Plate Chocolate Fudge ($2, $1, 50c) — First, Mrs. John C. Ash; second, Mrs. Asa Lee, Mitchellville; third, Mrs. Chas. AValter, Altoona. Plate Chocolate Creams ($2, $1, 50c) — First, Carl F. Winterrowd, Adel- phi; second, Mary Winegar, Mitchellville; third, Mrs. Clarence Alexander, Runnells. Plate Divinity Creams ($2, .$1, 50c) — First, Claude A. Patterson, city; second, Miss LaA'ergne Kinney, Des Moines; third, Mrs. Wilfrid Gran- quist, Des Moines. Plate Taffy ($2, ^1, 50c) — First, Mrs. Asa Lee; second, Mrs. E. M. Sin- clair. Plate Butterscotch ($2, .$1, 50c) — First, Mrs. Wilfrid Granquist; second, Agnes Ellis, Adelphi; third, Mrs. C. C. McGrew, Des Moines. CONSERVES. Currant ($2) — First, Mrs. E. L. Thompson, Des Moines. Cherry ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Ella Plummer, Des Moines; second, Mrs. H. C. Ealis, Des Moines. Gooseberry ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Ella Plummer; second, Mrs. E. L. Thomp- son. Strawberry ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. H. C. Ealis; second, Mrs. Chas. B. Ar- nold, Des Moines. Peach ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. H. C. Ealis; second, Mrs. Chas. B. Arnold. Rhubarb ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Ella Plummer; second, Mrs. H. C. Ealis. Orangre 3Iarmalade ($2, .|1) — First, Mrs. C. C. McGrew; second, Mrs. R. L. Thompson. SUN PRESERVED FRUIT. Strawberry Siinshine ($2, .$1) — First, Mrs. J. M. Henderson, Des Moines; second, Mrs. E. L. Thompson. Red Raspberry (,$2, $1) — First, Mrs. Ella Plummer; second, Mrs. E. L. Thompson. Cherry Sunshine (i$'2, spi) — First, Mrs. Ella Plummer; second, R. L. Thompson. Peach Sunshine (5|?::, .t?!) — Fir.st, Mrs. Clarence Alexander; second. :Mrs. Ella Plummer. PRESERVES. Apple (.i;2, Ifl) — First. Mrs. J. A. Green, Beech; second. I\Irs. J. .M. Craw- ford, Bondurant. Apricot ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. S. D. Long, Boone; second, Mrs. H. C. Ealis, Des Moines. Cherry ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Ella Plummer, Des Moines; second, Mrs. H. C. Ealis. Crabapple (.$2)— First, Mrs. H. C. Ealis. Currant ($2, $1) — First. Mrs. Ella I'lummer; second. Mrs. S. D. Long. Citron (.$2, $1) — First, Mrs. E. L. Thompson; second, R. L. Thompson. Cranberry ($2, $1) — First, R. L. Thompson; second, Mrs. E. L. Thompson. 344 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Blackberry ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. H. C. Ealis; second, John H. Clark, Boone. Gooseberry ($2)— First, Mrs. H. C. Ealis. Black Raspberry ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. M. B. Reynolds, Mitchellville; sec- ond, Mrs. Ella Pluminer. Strawberry ($2, $1) — F'irst, Mrs. J. M. Henderson; second, Mrs. Seward Long-, Burlington. Peach ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. H. C. Ealis; second, Mrs. Geo. Grinstead, Mitchellville. Pear (Sp2, $1) — First, Mrs. S. D. Long-, Boone; second, John H. Clark, Boone. Pliiin ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. C. C. McGrew, Des Moines; second, Mrs. Minnie Oberman, Burlington. Q,uince ($2, $1) — First, R. L. Thompson; second, Mrs. W. L. Thompson. Tomato ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. E. Sinclair; second, Mrs. Geo. Grinstead. Watermelon ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. AV. B. Bricker; second, Mrs. J. B. Put- man. Pineapple ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. M. Kastberg; second, Mrs. S. D. Long. Bed Raspberry ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Ella Plummer; second, Mrs. Clara Kaup, Des Moines. JELLIES. Apple ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. C. C. McGrew, Des Moines; second, Mrs. M. Kastberg, Des Moines. Black Raspberry ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. M. Kastberg; second, Mrs. C. C. McGrew. Blackberry ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. M. Kastberg; second, Mrs. J. M. Craw- ford, Bondurant. Crabapple ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. C. C. McGrew; second, Mrs. Wm. Wicker- sham, Ankeny. Cherry ($2) — First, Mrs. M. K. Martin, Des Moines. Currant, White ($2) — First, Mrs. C. C. McGrew. Currant, Red ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. S. D. Long; second, John H. Clark, Boone. Cranberry ($2, |1) — First, Mrs. M. K. Martin; second, Mrs. M. Kastberg. Gooseberry ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. M. K. Martin; second, Mrs. M. Kastberg. Haw, Red (.|2, $1) — First, Mrs. M. Kastberg-; second, Mrs. M. K. Martin. Grape, Dark ($2, $1) — First, ]Mrs. Lake Bowers, Des Moines; second, Odessa P. Llewellyn, Waukee. Grape, White ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. C. C. McGrew; second, Mrs. Clara Kaup, Des Moines. Grape, WMld ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. C. C. McGrew; second, Mrs. M. K. Martin. Pineapple ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. M. K. Martin; second, Mrs. M. Kastberg-. Peach ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. M. K. Martin; second, Mrs. M. Kastberg. Pear ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. M. K. Martin; second, Agnes Ellis. Plum ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Ella Shannon, Waukee; second, Mrs. W. D. Hal- lowell, Ankeny. Quince ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. M. K. Martin; second, Mrs. M. Kastberg. Rhubarb ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. M. Kastberg; second, Mrs. M. K. Martin. Red Raspberry ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. M. Kastberg; second, Mrs M. K. Mar- tin. Strawberry ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. S. D. Long; second, Mrs. M. Kastberg". AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 345 BUTTERS. Apple ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. M. Kastberg; second, Mrs. J. A. Peters. Black Raspberry (.$2, $1) — First, Mrs. Geo. Grinstead; second, John H. Clark. Cherry (|2, $1) — First, Mrs. Geo. Grinstead; second, John H, Clark. Crabapple ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. F. H. Sinclair; second, Mrs. J. A. Peters. Currant ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. M. K. Martin; second, Mrs. S. D. Long. Gooseberry (|2, $1) — First, Mrs. M. Kastberg; second, Mrs. M. K. Martin. Grape, Tame ($2, $1) — First, John H. Clark; second, Mrs. E. M. Sinclair. Grape, AVild ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. M. Kastberg; second, Mrs. Lake Bowers. Peach ($2, |1) — First, Mrs. M. B. Reynolds, Mitchellville; second, Mrs. S. D. Long. Plum ($2,?1) — First, Mrs. Wilfrid Granquist, Des Moines; second, Mrs. Chas. B. Arnold, Des Moines. Pineapple ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. M. Kastberg; second, Mrs. M. K. Martin. Quince ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. E. L. Thompson; second, Mrs. M. Kastberg. Red Raspberry ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. M. K. Martin; second, Mrs. M. Kast- berg. Rhubarb ($2, $1) — First. Mrs. Geo. Grinstead; second, Mrs. M. Kastberg. .Strawberry ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Geo. Grinstead; second, Mrs. Seward Long. JAMS. Apple ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. M. K. Martin; second, Mrs. M. Kastberg. Black Raspberry ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. John C. Ash, Des Moines; second, Mrs. M. B. Reynolds, Mitchellville. Cranberry ($2) — First, Mrs. Minnie Oberman, Burlington. Blackberry ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Geo. Grinstead; second, Mrs. Cassie Swal- low, Valley Junction. Crabapple ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. J. A. Peters; second, Mrs. Geo. Grinstead. Currant ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. S. D. Long; second, John H. Clark. Gooseberry ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Ella Plummer; second, Mrs. Geo. Grin- stead. Pineapple ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Geo. Grinstead; second, Ida B. McCamp- bell, Des Moines. Peach ($2, $1) — First. Mrs. Geo. Grinstead; second, Mrs. M. Kastberg. Pear ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. H. C. Ealis; second, Mrs. M. Kastberg. Plum ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. H, C. Ealis; second, Mrs. Geo. Grinstead. Strawberry ($2, $1) — First, :\rrs. M. B. Reynolds; second, Mrs. M. K. Mar- auince ($2, $1) — First, R. L. Thompson; second, Mrs. E. L. Thompson. Tomato ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. E. M. Sinclair; second, Perne Botsford, Des Moines. Tomato Figs ($2) — First, Mrs. S. D. Long. SOUR PICKLES, CATSUP AND VINEGAR. Beet ($2, $1) — First, Grace Snyder, Adel; second, Mrs. M. B. Reynolds. Bean ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. C. C. McGrew; second, Mrs. S. D. Long. Cucumber ($2, $1) — First, Lydia Viers, Des Moines; second, ]\Irs. Geo. Grinstead. Mango ($2) — First, Mrs. E. L. Thompson. Onion ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. M. Kastberg; second, Mrs. C. C. McGrew. Tomato ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Seward Long; second, Mrs. C. C. McGrew. 346 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Mixed ($2, ?1) — First, :Mrs. Geo. Grinstead; second, Mrs. Ella Plummer. Chow Chow ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. J. \V. Hildreth; second, Mrs. Geo. Grin- Stead. Piccalilli ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Seward Long; second, Mrs. C. C. McGrew. Chilli Sauce ($2, $1) — First, Mrs, Frank E. Huston; second. Feme Bots- ford. Tomato Catsup ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. E. M. Sinclair; second, Mrs. Geo. Grinstead. Cucumber Catsup ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Geo. Grinstead; second, Mrs. L. J. Braum. Homemade Cider Vine&ar ($2, $1) — First. Mrs. Ella Plummer; second, Mrs. J. R. Griffieon. CANNED FRUITS, SPICED GOODS AND SWEET PICKLES. Apple ($1.50, ^1) — First, Mrs. C. C. McGrew; second, Mrs. Seward Long-. Apricot ($1.50, $1) — First, Mrs. C. C. McGrew; second, Mrs. S. D. Long-. Blackberries ($1.50. $1) — First, Mrs. Frank E. Huston; second Mrs. C. C. McGrew. Cherries ($1.50, $1)— First, Mrs. C. C. McGrew; second, Mrs. Fred Meachim. Currants, White ($1.50, $1) — First, Mrs. C. C. McGrew; second, Mrs. Cyrus Harvey. Currants, Red ($1.50, $1) — F'irst, Mrs. C. C. McGrew; second, Mrs. Seward Long. Dewberries ($1.50, $1) — First, Mrs. Oberman ; second, Mrs. Chas. B. Arnold. Goooeberrles ($1.50, $1) — First, Mrs. Ella Plummer; second, Mrs. G. A. Newkirk. Grapes, white ($1.50, $1) — First. Mrs. Seward Long; second, Mrs. C. C. McGrew. Grapes, Blue ($1.50, $1)— First, Mrs. C. S. Sulser; second, Mrs. H. C. Ealis. » Ground Cherries ($1.50, $1) — First, Mrs. C. C. McGrew; second, John H. Clark. Peaches ($1.50, $1) — First, Mrs. Fred G. Mate; second, Mrs. C. C. McGrew. Pears ($1.50, $1) — First, Mrs. C. C. McGrew; second, Mrs. Lake Bowers. Plum ($1.50, $1) — First, Mina Singmaster, Des Moines; second. Mrs. C. C. McGrew. Ha.spberries, Red ($1.50, $1) — First, Mrs. C. C. McGrew; second, Mrs. Seward Long. Raspberries, Black ($1.50, $1) — First, Mrs. C. C. McGrew; second, Mrs. Chas. B. Arnold. Rhubarb ($1.50, $1) — First, Mrs. Minnie Oberman; second, Mrs. C. C. McGrew. Strawberries ($1.50, $1) — First, Mrs. C. C. McGrew; second, Mrs. Seward Long. SPICED GOODS. Apple ($1.50, $1) — First, Mrs. M. Kastberg; second, Mary E. Mumm, Des Moines. Cherries ($1.50, $1) — First, Mrs. John C. Ash; second, Mrs. Minnie Ober- man. Currants ($1.50, $1) — First, John H. Clark; second, Mrs. S. D. Long. Gooseberries ($1.50, $1) — First, Mrs. Minnie Oberman; second, Mrs. Ella Plummer. Peach ($1.50, $1) — First, Mrs. E. M. Sinclair; second. Mrs. M. Kastberg. l*ear ($1.50, $1) — First, Mrs. E. M. Sinclair; second, Mrs. F. H. Sinclair. Plum ($1.50 $1) — First, Mrs. Geo. Grinstead; second, Mrs. C. C. McGrew. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 347 SWEET PICKLES. Apple ($1.50) — First, Mrs. Seward Long. Citron ($1.50, $1) — First, John H. Clark; second, Mrs. S. D. Long. Crabapple ($1.50, $1) — First, Mrs. L. W. Stuart; second, Mrs. Geo. Grin- stead. Cucumber ($1.50, $1) — First, Mrs. D. R. Brewer; second, John H. Clark. Peach ($1.50, $1) — First, Mrs. E. M. Sinclair; second, Mrs. F. H. Sinclair. Pear ($1.50, $1) — First, Geo. Grinstead; second, Mrs. E. M. Sinclair. "Watermelon ($1.50, $1) — F'irst, Mrs. E, L. Thompson; second, Andrea M. Smith. Mixed ($1.50, $1) — First, Mrs. C. C. McGrew, second; Mrs. Geo. Grinstead. CANNED VEGETABLES. Corn ($1.50, $1) — First, Mrs. Rex Richards, Swan; second, Mrs. Wayne Casady, Carlisle. String- Bean.s ($1.50, $1) — First, Mrs, Frank E. Huston; second, John H. Clark. Shelled Benn.s ($1.50, $1) — First, Mrs. C. C. McGrew; second, Mrs. Seward Long. Peas ($1.50, $1) — First, John H. Clark; second, Mrs. Seward Long. Beets ($1.50, $1) — First, Mrs. Seward Long; second, Mrs. Geo. Grinstead. Spinach ($1.50, $1) — First, Mrs. Ella Plummer; second, Mrs. Seward Long. Other Greens ($1.50, $1) — First, John H. Clark; second, Mrs. S. D. Long. Asparag^uM ($1.50, $1) — F'irst, Mrs. S. D. Long; second, Leora Leonard. Tomatoes ($1.50, $1) — First, Mrs. C. C. McGrew; second, Eunice Long- worth, Ames. Young Carrots ($1.50, $1) — First, Mrs. Seward Long; second, Mrs. C. C. McGrew. Mixed Vegetables ($1.50, $1) — First, Mrs. Minnie Oberman; second, Mrs. C. C. McGrew. Pumpkin for Pies ($1.50, $1) — First, Mrs. Ella Plummer; second, Mrs. C. C. McGrew. CANNED MEAT. Chicken ($2. $1) — First, Mrs. N. A. Snook, Ankeny; second, Mrs. Frank E. Huston. Beef ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Seward Long; second, Mrs. L. W. Stuart. Rabbit ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Minnie Oberman; second, Mrs. C. C. McGrew. Sausage ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Jesse Alexander; second, Mrs. J. A. Peters. HONEY, BEES, ETC. Judge F. B. Paddock, Ames, Iowa. Three 24-Section Cases of White Honey, White Clover, Basswood, Sweet Clover ($30, $15, $10, $8, $5) — First, R. H. Longworth, Ames; second, Bert A. Brown, Des Moines; third, Eunice Longworth, Ames; fourth, F. H. Stacey, Iowa Falls; fifth, W. H. Pearson, Bondurant. Three Hundred-pound Kxhibit of Comb Honey, Q,uality, Manner of Prep- aration from Market Standpoint Considered ($30, $15, $10, $8) — First, Eunice Longworth; second, R. H. Longworth; third, F. H. Stacey; fourth, Bert A. Brown. Twenty-four-pound Display of Comb Honey, Showing Standard Market Grades ($15, $8, $5, $3) — P^irst, Bert A. Brown; second, F. IT. Stacey; third, R. H. Longworth; fourth, Eunice; Longworth. 348 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Seventy-two pounds of Lig-ht Extracted Honey, AVhite Clover, Basswood, Sweet Clover, in 1-ponnd Containers ($30, $15, $10, $7, $5)— First, R. H. Long-worth; second, Eunice Longworth; third, F. H. Stacey; fourth, W. H. Pearson; fifth, Bert A. Brown. Three Hundred-pound Exhibit of Extracted Honey, Q,uality and Manner of Market Preparation Considered ($30, $15, $10 $7) — First, Eunice Long- worth; second, F. H. Stacey; third, Bert A. Brown; fourth, R. H. Long-worth. Twenty-four-pound Display of Extracted Honey, Show'ing Standard 3Iar- ket Grades in 1-pound Containers ($15, $8, $5, $3, $2) — First, Bert A. Brown; second, R. H. Longworth; third, Eunice Longworth; fourth, F. H. Stacey; fifth, "W. H. Pearson. Twelve Pounds or More, Granulated Extracted Honey ($10, $5, $3, $2) — First, Eunice Longworth; second, F. H. Stacey; third, Bert A. Brown; fourth, R. H. Longworth. Display of I^abeled Samples of Extracted Honey, Not Less Than One- Half Pound Each ($10, $5, $3, $2) — First, Bert A. Brown; second, R. H. Longworth; third, Eunice Longworth; fourth, F. H. Stacey. Five Gallons Honey Vinegar ($10, $5, $3) — First, R. H. Longworth, second, Eunice Longworth; third, Bert A. Brown. Twenty Pounds Beeswax ($10, $5, $3, $2) — First, Bert A. Brown; second, R. H. Longworth; third, Eunice Longworth; fourth, F. H. Stacey. Display Cooking Honey I sed Instead of Sugar ($10, $5, $3, $2)— First V\^. H. Pearson; second, Eunice Longworth; third, Bert A. Brown; fourth, R. H. Longworth. One 1-Franie Ob.serAation Hive of 3-band Italian Bees and Q,ueen ($10, $5, $3, $2, $1) — First, Bert A. Brown; second, F. H. Stacey; third, W. H Pearson; fourth, R. H. Longworth; fiftli, Eunice Longworth. SWEEPSTAKES. Largest and Most Attractive Exhibit in this Department ($50. $20, $10, $8) — First, Bert A. Brown; second, F. H. Stacey; third, R. H. Longworth; fourth, Eunice Longworth. CREAMERY BUTTER. Superintendent.' W. B. Barney, Des Moines. Iowa. r F. L. Odell, Judges ^ T. A. Clarke, [ B. O. Brownlee. Highest Scoring Exhibit of AVhole Milk Butter ($25) — First, Vern Sires, Church, Iowa. Highest Scoring Exhibit of Gathered Cream Butter ($25) — First, F. H. Harms, Tripoli, Iowa. DAIRY BUTTER. Sweepstakes ($5, $2) — First, J. L. Hamilton, Lucas; second, Kate Adam- son, Ankeny. CHEESE. Best Exhibit of Cheese, Each Exhibit to Consist of Xot Less Than Twenty Pounds ($25, $15. $10, $5) — First, L. J. Breher. Sheboygan Falls, T\^isconsin; second, Bert McKinney, Rewey, Wisconsin; third, W^m. S. Walsh, Platteville, Wisconsin; fourth, Austin L. Moody, Waynesville, N. C. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 349 FRUIT DEPARTMENT Superintendent E. L. Reeves, Waverly, Iowa. APPLES FROM NORTHERN DISTRICT. Judge W. J. Kocken, Ames, Iowa. Collection, Not Less Than 20 Varieties or More Than 50 ($35, $25) — First, C. H. True, Edgewood; second, Isaac Johnson, West Union. FoTjr Varieties, Summer ($5, $4, $3) — First, C. H. True; second, Isaac John.son; third, P. M. Peterson, Cherokee. Six Varieties, Fall ($5, $4, $3) — First, C. H. True; second, Isaac Johnson; third, P. M. Peterson. Six Varieties, Winter ($5, $4, $3) — First, C. H. True; second, P. M. Peter- son; third, Isaac Johnson. APPLES FROM CENTRAL DISTRICT. Collection, Not Less Than 20 Varieties or More Than 50 ($35, $25, $15, $10, $5) — First, E. O. "SVorth, Mondamin; second, M. J. Worth, Mondamin; third, Fred Randau, Ames; fourth, N. F. Ambrosa, Roland; fifth, W. C. Worth, Mondamin. Four Varieties, Summer ($5) — First, N. F. Ambrosa. Six A^arieties, Fall ($5, $4, $3) — First, E. O. Worth; second, M. J. Worth; third, W. C. Worth. Six Varieties, Vl^inter ($5, $4, $3, $2)— First, E. O. AVorth; second, M. J. Worth; third, W. C. Worth; fourth, N. F. Ambrosa. APPLES FROM CAPITAL DISTRICT. Judge S. A. Beach, Ames, Iowa. Collection, Not Less Than 2(» Varieties or 3Iore Than 50 ($35, $20, $10) — First, Cyrus Harvey, Altoona; second, Chas. O. Garrett, Des Moines; fourth, Apple Grove Orchards, Des Moines. Four Varieties, Summer ($5, $4) — First, Cyrus Harvey; second, Chas. O. Garrett. Six Varieties, Fall ($5, $4, $3) — First, Apple Grove Orchards; second, Chas. O. Garrett; third, Cyrus Harvey. Six Varieties, AVinter ($5, $4, $3) — First, Chas. O. Garrett; second, Apple Grove Orchards; third, Cyrus Harvey. APPLES FROM SOUTHERN DISTRICT. Judge H. E. Nichols, Ames, Iowa. Collection, Not Le.ss Than 20 Varieties or More Than 50 ($25, $1.")) — Second, Thos. Enright, Patterson; third, E. Vi. Stacy, Pacific Junction. Four Varieties, Summer ($5) — First, Thos. Enright, Patterson. Six Varieties, Fall ($5) — First, Thos. Enright, Patterson. Six A'arieties, Winter ($5, $4) — First. Geo. A. Schurk, Fort Madison; sec- ond, Thos. Enright. APPLES, HOME ORCHARD COLLECTION. Judge S. A. Beach, Ames. Iowa. Northern District ($S. $5. $4) — First, C. H. True, Edgewood; second. P. M. Peterson, Cherokee; third, Isaac Johnson, AVest Union. 350 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Central District ($8, $5, $4, $3)— First, E. O. Worth; second, M. J. Worth; third, W. C. Worth; fourth, N. F. Ambrosa. Capital District ($8, $5, $4) — First, Apple Grove Orchards; second, Cyrus Harvey; third, Chas. O. Garrett. Southern District (|8, $4) — First, Thos. Enright; second, Geo. A. Schurk. APPLES STORED FROM PREVIOUS YEAR. Best Box of Apples Stored From Last Year's Crop ($5, $3, $2, $1) — First, Chas. O. Garrett; second, Cyrus Harvey; third, Apple Grove Orchards; fourth, Thos. Enrig-ht. Best Plate of Each of Five Varieties Stored as Above with Method of Storing States, Premium on Each Variety ($1.50, $1. 50c) — First, Thos. En- right; second, Apple Grove Orchards; third, Thos. Enright; fourth, Chas. O. Garrett. UNNAMED SEEDLING APPLES. Judge S. A. Beach, Ames. Iowa. Six Specimens to Constitute Plate ($6, $5, $4) — First, Chas. O. Garrett; second, J. W. Bennett; third, Cryus Harvey. Best Exhibit Seedling: Apples ($10)— First, E. W. Stacy. PLATES APPLES FROM NORTHERN DISTRICT. Judge W. J. Kocken, Ames, Iowa. Premium on Each Variety ($1.50, $1, 50c) — Yellow Transparent — First, P. M. Peterson. Duchess — First, C. H. True; second, P. M. Peterson; third, Isaac Johnson. Wealthy — First, C. H. True; second, P. M. Peterson; third, Isaac Johnson. Longfield — First, Isaac Johnson. AVhitney — First, J. W. Bennett; second, P. M. Peterson; third, C. H. True. Charlamoff — First, C. H. True. Fameuse — First, C. H. True; second, Isaac Johnson; third, P. M. Peterson. AVolf River — First, P. M. Peterson. Hibernal — First. Isaac Johnson. Pewaukee — First, Isaac Johnson. Patten Greening — First, C. H. True; second, J. W. Bennett; third, P. M. Peterson. X. W. Greening — First, C. H. True. Malinda— First, C. H. True; second, J. W. Bennett; third, P. M. Peterson. Plum Cider — First, J. W. Bennett; second, C. H. True.. East- man— First, C. H. True. Fall Orange — First, C. H. True. Salome — First, Isaac Johnson. Iowa Blush — First, C. H. True; second, P. M. Peterson. Black Annette — First. C. H. True.. Talman Sweet — First, C. H. True; sec- ond, P. M. Peterson. Gano — First, C. H. True. T\'indsom — First, C. H. True. Golden Russet — First, J. W. Bennett; second P. M. Peterson; third, Isaac Johnson. Delicious — First, C. H. True.. Optional — First, C. H. True; sec- ond, Isaac Johnson; third, P. M. Peterson. Optional — C. H. True; second, P. M. Peterson; third, Isaac Johnson. Optional — First, C. H. True; second, P. M. Peterson; third, Isaac Johnson. Optional — First, C. H. True; second, Isaac Johnson; third, P. M. Peterson. Optional — First, C. H. True; second, J. W. Bennett; third, P. M. Peterson. Optional — First, C. H. True; second, P. M. Peterson; third, Isaac Johnson. Optional — First, C. H. True; second, Isaac Johnson; third, P. M. Peterson. Optional — First, C. H. True; second, Isaac Johnson. Optional — First, C. H. True; second, P. M. Peterson. PLATES APPLES FROM CENTRAL DISTRICT. Judge R. S. Herrick, Des Moines. Iowa. Premiums on Each Variety ($1.50, $1, 50c) — Duche.ss Oldenburg — First, E. O. Worth; second, W. C. Worth; third, N. F. Ambrosa. Wealthy — First, M. J. "Worth; second, E. O. Worth; third, Fred Randau. Longfield — First, E. O. Worth; second, Fred Randau; third, M. J. Worth. Autumn Straw- AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 351 berry — First. Fred Randau; second, M. J. AVorth; third, K. O. Worth. Jona- than— First, M. J. Worth; second, E. O. Worth; third, Fred Randau. King David — First, M. J. Worth; second, E. O. Worth; third, W. C. Worth. Roman Stem — First, W. C. Worth; second, M. J. Worth; third, E. O. Worth. Dyer — First, W. C. Worth; second, E. O. Worth; third, M. J. Worth. Maiden Blush — First, M. J. Worth; second, E. O. Worth; third, W. C. Worth. Wolf River — First, E. O. Worth; second, M. J. Worth. Fameuse — First, N. F. Ambrosa; second, M. J. Worth; third, E. O. Worth. Delicious — First, M. J. Worth; second, W. C. AVorth. Grime.s Golden — First, M. J. Worth; sec- ond, E. O. Worth; third, N. F. Ambrosa. Spitaienburg- — F'irst, E. O. Worth; second, W. C. Worth; third, M. J. Worth. AVag-ner — First, AV. C. Worth; second, M. J. Worth; third, E. O. AVorth. Tolmau Sweet — First, M. J. Worth; second, W. C. Worth; third, E. O. Worth. Rome Beauty — First, W. C. Worth; second, M. J. Worth; third, E. O. Worth. N. W. Greening- First, N. F. Ambrosa. York Imperial — First, E. O. Worth; second, M. J. Worth; third, "W. C. Worth. Salome — First, N. F. Ambrosa; second, E. O. Worth; third, M. J. W^orth. Missouri Pippin — F'irst, W. C. Worth; second, M. J. Worth; third, E. O. Worth. Ben Davis — First, E. O. Worth; second, M. J. Worth; third, W. C. Worth. Gano — First, E. O. Worth; second, M. J. Worth; third, N. F. Ambrosa. Minkler — First, M. J. Worth; second, N. F. Ambrosa; third, E. O. Worth. Winesap — First, M. J. Worth; second, N. F. Ambrosa; third, E. O. Worth. Janet — First, M. J. Worth; second, E. O. Worth; third, N. F. Ambrosa. Arkansas — F'irst, M. J. Worth; second, W. C. Worth; third, E. O. Worth. Optionals — Iowa Blush — First, E. O. Worth; second, M. J. Worth; third, N. F. Ambrosa. Walbridge — First, N. F. Am- brosa; second, M. J. Worth; third, E. O. Worth. Arkansas Black — First, E. O. Worth; second, N. F. Ambrosa; third, ^V. C. Worth. Willow Twig — First, M. J. AVorth; second, E. O. Worth; third, N. F. Ambrosa. AVinter Banana — F'irst, E. O. Worth; second, M. J. Worth; third, W. C. AVorth. Meachem — First, M. J. Worth; second, E. O. Worth; third, W. C. Worth. Ingram — First, E. O. Worth; second, M. J. Worth; third, W. C. Worth. Paradise AVinter Sweet — First, E. O. Worth; second, M. J. Worth; third, W. C. Worth. Scott's Winter — First, M. J. Worth; second, E. O. Worth; third, W. C. Worth. White AV. Pearmain — First, M. J. Worth; second, E. O. A\"orth; third, W. C. Worth. PLATES APPLES FROM CAPITAL DISTRICT Judge R. S. Herrick, Des Moines, Iowa. Premiums on Each Variety ($1.50, $1, 50c) — Yellow Transparent — First Chas. O. Garrett; second, Cyrus Harvey; third, Apple Grove Orchards. Lowell — First, Apple Grove Orchards; second, Chas. O. Garrett; third, Cyrus Harvey. Duches.s — First, Chas. O. Garrett; second, Apple Grove Or- chards; third, Cyrus Harvey. Maiden Blush — F'irst, Chas. O. Garrett; sec- ond, Cyrus Harvey. Wealthy — First, Cyrus Harvey; second, Chas. O. Gar- rett; third, Apple Grove Orchards. Snow — First, Cyrus Harvey; second, Chas. O. Garrett. Wolf River — First, Cyrus Harvey; second, Chas. O. Gar- rett. York — First, Chas. O. Garrett; second, Cyrus Harvey.. Price's Sweet — First, Cyrus Harvey; second, Chas. O. Garrett. Roman Stem — First, Apple Grove Orchards; second, Cyrus Harvey; third, Chas. O. Garrett. Grimes — First, Cyrus Harvey; second, Apple Grove Orchards; third, J. W. Pearson. Jonathan — First, Apple Grove Orchards; second, Cyrus Harvey; third, Chas. O. Garrett. Gano — First, Cyrus Harvey; second, Chas. O. Gar- rett. Ben Davis — First, Apple Grove Orchards; second, Cyrus Harvey; third, Chas. O. Garrett. Mammoth Black Twig — First, Chas. O. Garrett. Winesap — First, Cyrus Harvey; second, Chas. O. Garrett; third, J. W. Pear- son. Minkler — First, Chas. O. Garrett; second, Cyrus Harvey N. W. Green- ing— First, Apple Grove Orchards; second, Chas. O. Garrett; third. Cyrus Harvey. Chenango — First, Apple Grove Orchards; second, Chas. O. Gar- rett; third, Cyrus Harvey. Willow Twig — First, Apple Grove Orchards; second, Cyrus Harvey; third, Chas. O. Garrett. Ijongfield— First, Cyrus 352 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Harvey; second. Chas. O. Garrett. Rome Beauty — First, Chas. O. Garrett; second, Cyrus Harvey. Delicious — First, Chas. O. Garrett; second, Cyrus Harvey. Stayman — First. Chas. O. Garrett; second, Cyrus Harvey. MeMa- hon — First, Cyrus Harvey; second, Chas. O. Garrett. Red June — First, Chas. O. Garrett: second, Cyrus Harvey. Dyer — First, Cyrus Harvey; sec- ond, Chas. O. Garrett; third, J. W. Pearson. Beiioni — First, Cyrus Harvey. .Senator — Fir.st. Apple Grove Orchards. Optional^ — Rails — First, Cyrus Harvey; second, Chas. O. Garrett; third, Apple Grove Orchards. Utter'.s Red — First. Apple Grove Orchards: second. Chas. O. Garrett; third, Cyrus Harvey. Talhnan's .Sweet — F'irst. Cyrus Harvey; second. Chas. O. Garrett; third, J. "VV. Pearson. Missouri Pippin — First, Chas. O. Garrett; second. Cyrus Harvey. AValhrid^e — First. Apple Grove Orchards; second, Cyrus Harvey. Iowa Blush — First, Cyrus Harvey; second, Apple Grove Orchards: third. Chas. O. Garrett. Black Anette — First. Cyrus Harvey; second. Apple Grove Orchards: third. Chas. O. Garrett. Red Kin;? — First. Chas. O. Gar- rett; second, Cyrus Harvey. Allen's Choice — First. Cyrus Harvey; second, Chas. O. Garrett. PLATES APPLES FROM SOUTHERN DISTRICT Ji'DGE H. E. Nichols, Ames, Iowa. Premiums on Each Variety (.$1.50, $1, .'JOc) — Yellow Transparent — First, Thos. EnriRht. Maiden Blush — First, Geo. A. Schurk; second, Thos. En- right; third, A. R. Soder. letter's Red — F'irst, Thos. Enright. Grimes' tiolden — First, Geo. A. Schurk; second. J. W. Radebaug-h; third, H. E. Hazen. Duchess — First. Geo. A. Schurk; second, Thos. Enrig-ht; third, H. E. Hazen. Salome — First, H. E. Hazen; second, J. MV. Radebaugh; third, Thos. Enright. Kins David — First, Geo. A. Schurk; second, Thos. Enright. Snow — First. Thos. Enright; second, E. "W. Stacy; third, A. R. Soder. Wolf River — First, J. W. Radebaugh; second, Thos. Enright. Gano — First, Geo. A. Schurk: second, J. ^V. Radebaugh; third, Thos. Enright. Benoni — First, Geo. A. Schurk. Roman Stem — First. J. W. Radebaugh; second, Geo. A. Schurk; third, H. E. Hazen. Iowa Blush — F'irst, Thos. Enright. York Im- perial— First, Geo. A. Schurk; second. A. R. Soder; third, Thos. Enright. Talman's Sweet — First, J. W. Radebaugh; second, Thos. Enright. Che- nangro — Second, A. R. Soder. Mammoth Black Twig — First, Geo. A. Schurk; second, Thos. Enright. Ben Davis — -First, A. R. Soder; second. Geo. A. Schurke; third, H. E. Hazen. Willow Tw-is — First, Geo. A. Schurk; second. H. E. Hazen; third. Thos. Enright. Minkler — First, Thos. Enright. Wine- .sap — First. Thos. Enright; second, Geo. A. Schurk; third, H. E. Hazen. N. W. Greening — First. Geo. A. Schurk; second. Thos. Enright; third, J. W. Radebaugh, Winterset. Delicious — First, Geo. A. Schurk; second, Thos. Enright. AVealthy — F'irst, Thos. Enright: second, E. W. Stacy. McMahon — First, E. W. Stacy; second. Thos. Enright. Dyer — First, Thos. Enright: second, J. W. Radebaugh. Price's Sweet — First, Thos. Enright. Janet — First, Thos. Enright; second. J. W. Radebaugh; third. A. R. Soder. Op- tional.s — First. Geo. A. Schurk; second. H. E. Hazen; third. Thos. Enright. First — Thos. Enright; second, Geo. A. Schurk; third, H. E. Hazen. First — Geo. A. Schurk; second, Thos. Enright; third, H. E. Hazen. First — Geo. A. Schurk; second, H. E. Hazen; third, Thos. Enright. First — Geo. A. Schurk; second, Thos. Enright; third, E. W. Stacy. F'irst — Geo. A. Schurk; second, H. E. Hazen; third. J. W. Radebaugh. First — Geo. A. Schurk; second, H. E. Hazen; third, E. "VY. Stacy. First — H. E. Hazen; second, Geo. A. Schurk: third, E. W. Stacy. First — Geo. A. Schurk; second, Thos. Enright; third, H. E. Hazen. TY'ENTY-FIYE PLATE DISPLAY. Judge H. E. Nichols. Ames. Iowa. Northern District ($10) — First, C. H. True, Edgewood. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 353 Central District ($10, $8, $5) — First, E. O. Worth; second, M. J. Worth; third, W. C. Worth. Capital District ($10, $8, $5) — First, Apple Grove Orchards; second, Cyrus Harvey; third, Chas. O. Garrett. Southern District ($10. $8) — First. Geo. A. Schurk; second. Thos. En- rig-ht. CRABS. Judge W. J. Kocken, Ames, Iowa. Northern District ($1.50, $1, 50c) — Whitney — First, Isaac Johnson; sec- ond, P. M. Peterson; third, J. W. Bennett. Hyslop — First, P. M. Peterson. Brier Street — First. C. H. True, Edgewood; second, J. W. Bennett; third, P. M. Peterson. Martha — First, C. H. True. Transcedent — First, J. W. Bennett; second, P. M. Peterson. Optional.s — First, C. H. True; second, Isaac Johnson; third, J. ~W. Bennett. First, P. M. Peterson; second, C. H. True; third, Laura Reeves. Central District ($1.50, $1, 50c) — Hyslop — First, M. J. Worth; second, E. O. Worth. Martha — First, M. J. Worth; second, E. O. Worth; third, W. C. Worth. Transcendent — First, M. J. Worth; second, W. C, Worth; third, E. O. Worth. Price's Sweet — First, B. O. Worth; second, M. J. Worth; third, W. C. Worth. Optionals: Grant — First, N. F. Ambrosa; second, Fred Ran- dau. Florence — First, E. O. Worth; second, M. J. Worth. Whitney — First, Fred Randau. Capital District ($1.50, $1, 50c) — Whitney — First, Cyrus Harvey. Snyder— First, Cyrus Harvey; second, Chas. O. Garrett. Hyslop — First, Chas. O. Gar- rett. Briar Sweet — First,Chas. O. Garrett. Transcendent — First, Mrs. Ella Plummer. Optional — First, Cyrus Harvey. Southern District ($1.50, $1, 50c) — Whitney — First, A. R. Soder. Hyslop — First, Thos. Enright. Martha — First, Thos. Enright. Transcendent — First, Thos. Enright. Briar Sweet — First, Thos. Enright. Optionals — First, A. R. Soder; second, Thos. Enright. First, Thos. Enright. NATIVE OR HYBRID CRAB. Northern District ($1.50, $1, 50c) — First, C. H. True; second, P. M. Peter- son; third, Isaac Johnson. Capital Distr'ict ($1.50, $1) — First, Cyrus Harvey; second, Chas. O. Garrett. TEN PLATE DISPLAY. Best Ten Plates Wealthy ($10. $S, $4) — Fir.'^t. Cyrus Harvey; second, Fred Randau; third, Thos. Enright. Best Ten Plate Exhibit Each of Three Other Varieties to be Selected ($10, $8, $4, $3) — Jonathan — First, M. J. Worth; second, E. O. Worth; third, Geo. A. Schurk; fourth, Apple Grove Orchard. Greening — First, Cyrus Harvey. Grinie.s — First, Geo. A. Schurk; second, Apple Grove Orchard. Dyer — First, Cyrus Harvey. Rome Beauty — First, Geo. A. Schurk. Janet — First, Cyrus Harvey. Sweepstakes Plate, Premium on Each Variety ($5, $4, $3, $2, $1) — Duchess — First, C. H. True; second, Apple Grove Orchards; third, Chas. O. Garrett; Fourth, M. J. Worth; fifth, Cyrus Harvey. AVealthy — First, M. J. Worth; second, Cyrus Harvey; third, E. O. Worth; fourth, Apple Grove Orchards; fifth, Chas. O. Garrett. Jonathan — First, M, J. Worth; second, Geo. A. Schurk; third, E. O. Worth; fourth, Apple Grove Orchards; fifth, Cyrus Harvey. Grime.s — First, Geo. A. Schurk; second, M. J. Worth; third, E. O. Worth; fourth, Apple Grove Orchards; fifth, Cyrus Harvey. Deliciou.s — First, Geo. A. Schurk; second, Thos. Enright; third, Chas. O. Garrett; fourth, C. H. True; fifth, E. O. Worth. Stayman — First, Chas. O. Garrett; second, Geo. A. Schurk; third, ; fourth. Cyrus Harvey. Optionals — Gano — 2.3 354 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV First, Geo. A. Schurk; second, C. H. True; third, Apple Grove Orchards; fourth, M. J. Worth; fifth, E. O. Worth. Ben Davis — First, M. J. Worth; second, Geo. A. Schurk; third, E. O. Worth; fourth, Cyrus Harvey; fifth, Apple Grove Orchards. Wagner — First, E. O. Worth; second, M. J. Worth; third, Geo. A. Schurk; fourth, Chas. O. Garrett; fifth, Thos. Enright. Grand Sweepstake.s of All Varietie.s ($5) — M. J. Worth. DISPLAY OF FRUITS [" W. J. KocKEX, Ames. Iowa. Judges J H. E. Nichols, Ames. Iowa. [ R. S. Herrick, Des Moines, Iowa. General Collection (Pro rata $300) — First, $63.35, Chas. O. Garrett; second, $57.70, Cyrus Harvey; third, $51.18, C. H. True; fourth, $45.37, M. J. Worth; fifth, $42.47, E. O. Worth; fifth, $39.93, Thos. Enright. ORNAMENTAL DESIGNS IN FRUIT. For the Best and Most Artistic Basket of Fruit, Premium Money to l»e Pro Rated Among AH Scoring Above 60 Per Cent ($13.94, $12.96, $12.75, $12.60, $12.01, $11.86, $11.27, $11.12, $10.68, $10.53, $10.24, $10.10, $9.94) — First, Miss LaVergne Kinney; second, Chas. O. Garrett; third, Mrs. Ella Plummer; fourth, N. F. Ambrosa; fifth, Ada Harvey; sixth, Mrs. Cyrus Harvey; seventh, Laura Reeves; eighth, Eva Newell; ninth, Cyrus Harvey; tenth, Mrs. Frank Stuart; eleventh, A. V. Johnson; twelfth, Mrs. H. C. Eales. PEARS. Judge S. A. Beach, Ames, Iowa. Plates, Any Worthy Variety. Premium Limited to 15 Varieties ($2. $1) — Keifer — First, W. C. Worth; second, Chas. O. Garrett. Flemish — First, W. C. Worth; second, Chas. O. Garrett. Clapp — First, Laura Reeves. Keifer — Laura Reeves. A\ Beauty — Laura Reeves. Gard — Laura Reeves. L. Baum — Laura Reeves. Largest and Best Collection per Plate, Distinct Varieties ($1.50) — First, Chas. O. Garrett. PEACHES. Judge S. A. Beach, Ames. Iowa. NORTHERN DISTRICT. Plates, AVorthy A'arieties ($1.00) — First. J. W. Bennett. Collection of Peaches, Not Less Than 5 Varieties ($4. $2) — First, Chas. O. Garrett; second, J. L. Todd. SOUTHERN DISTRICT. Plates, W^orthy A'arietie.s, Five Varieties ($1.00, 50c) — First, J. W. Pear- son; second, J. L. Todd. Des Moines. First. Cyrus Harvey; second, S. D. Whinery, Des Moines. First, James H. Comer, Des Moines; second, Chas. O. Garrett. First, Cyrus Harvey; second, James H. Comer. First, Cyrus Harvey; second, J. L. Todd. GRAPES. Judge H. E. Nichols, Ames. Iowa. NORTHERN DISTRICT. Best and Largest Collection of Grapes, Four Bunches to Plate ($10) — First. C. H. True. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 355 Campbell's Early ($1.00) — First, Wm. Switzer, Boone. Pockingrton ($1.00) — First, C. H. True. Concord ($1.00, 50c) — First, Wm. Switzer; second, N. F. Ambrosa. "Worden ($1.00, 50c) — First. C. H. True; second, Wm. Switzer. Delaware ($1.00) — First, C. H. True. Wyoming Red ($1.00) — First, C. H. True. 3Ioore'.s Early ($1.00, 50c) — First, C. H. True; second. T. J. Brown, Pleas- antville. Xjagrara ($1.00, 50c) — First, C. H. True; second. N. F. Ambrosa. A^awan ($1.00) — First. C. H. True. Brighton ($1.00) — First, Q. H. True. Four Biinche.s of Grapes of Varieties Xot Xanieil Above, Preniiunis Liiin- ited to Five Varieties ($1.00) — Daisy — First, C. H. True. Liieile — First, C. H. True. Colorain — First, C. H. True. Jes'iea — First. C. H. True. SOUTHERN DISTRICT. Judge S. A. Beach^ Ames. Iowa, Best and Largest Collection of Grapes, Four Bunches to Plate ($10, $8, $5) — First, Chas. O. Garrett; second, Cyrus Harvey; third, J. L. Todd. Campbell's Early ($1.00, 50c) — First, J. L. Todd; second, Cyrus Harvey. Pockingrton ($1.00, 50c) — First, Cyrus Harvey; second, Chas. O. Garrett. Concord ($1.00, 50c) — First, N. A. Pickering; second, Chas. O. Garrett. AVorden ($1.00, 50c) — First, Chas. O. Garrett; second, Mrs. W. W. Riley. Delaware ($1.00) — First, Chas. O. Garrett. Eaton ($1.00) — First, H. T. Ehlers. AVoodruff Red ($1.00, 50c) — First, Cyrus Harvey; second, H. T. Ehlers. Wyoming Red ($1.00, 50c) — First, Chas. O. Garrett; second, Mrs. W. W. Riley. Duchess ($1.00, 50c) — First, Chas. O. Garrett; second. H. T. Ehlers. Moore's Early ($1.00, 50c) — First, J. L. Todd; second, Chas. O. Garrett. 3Ioore's Diamond (1.00, 50c) — First. Chas. O. Garrett; second, Cyrus Harvey. N'iagara (1.00, 50c) — First, W. A. Pickering-; second. :Mrs. W. W. Riley. Aj^atvan ($1.00, 50c) — First, Chas. O. Garrett; second, J. L. Todd. Brij^hton (1.00, 50c) — First, Chas. O. Garrett; second, Cyrus Harvey. Four Bunches of Grapes of Varieties Xot Xamed Above, Premiums Lim- ited to Five A'ar'ieties (1.00, 50c) — Elvira — First. Chas. O. Garrett; second, J. L. Todd. .Martha — First, R. B. Brown, Inwood; second, J. L. Todd. PLUMS. NORTHERN DISTRICT. Largrest and Best Exhibit of Plums, Xot Less Than ir> Varieties ($10, $8) — First, Isaac Johnson; second, Laura Reeves. Plates De Soto ($1.00, 50c) — First, Isaac Johnson; second, P. M. Peterson. Plates Forest Garden ($1.00, 50c) — First, Isaac Johnson; second, Laura Reeves. Plates Hawkeye ($1.00) — First, Laura Reeves. Plates AVolf ($1.00, 50c) — First, P. M. Peterson; second, Laura Reeves. Plates Wyant ($1.00. 50c) — First, J. AV. Bennett; second, Isaac Johnson. Plates Stoddard ($1.00) — First, Laura Reeves. Plates Miner ($1.00, 50c) — First, J. W. Bennett; second, P. M. Peterson. 356 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Plates Wild Goose ($1.00) — First, Wm. Switzer. Plates Hunt ($1.00, 50c) — First, Isaac Johnson; second, Laura Reeves. Plates Surprise ($1.00) — First, Isaac Johnson. Plates Terry ($1.00) — First, Isaac Johnson. Best Plate Domestic Plums ($1.00) — First, Isaac Johnson. Best Plate Not Named on list Not Exceeding Five Varieties, Each Plate ($1.00, 50c) — First, Isaac Johnson; second, P. M. Peterson. First, on four other varieties, Isaac Johnson. SOUTHERN DISTRICT. Plates Hawkeye ($1.00) — First, Cyrus Harvey. Best Plate Domestic Plums ($1.00) — First, Cyrus Harvey. Best Plate Not Naiued on L,i.st Not Exceeding Five "Varieties, Each Plate ($1.00) — First, Cyrus Harvey. Native Plum Seedlings ($8, $6) — First, J. W. Bennett; second, Laura Reeves. NATIVE FRUITS. Plates Elderberry ($1.00, 50c) — First, J, E. Grant, Carlisle; second, S. D. Whinery, Plates High Bush Cranberry ($1.00, 50c) — First, C. H. True; second, Laura Reeves. Plates Juneberry ($1.00) — First, Cyrus Harvey. Plates Fresh Strawberry, Progressive ($1.00) — First, Cyrus Harvey. Plates of Each Other Native Fruit ($1.00, 50c) — Wild Grapes — First, Chas. O. Garrett; second, J. E. Grant. Haws — First, AVib. F. Clement, Agency; second, S. D. Whinery. Black Haw.s — Wib F. Clement. Mulberries — First. Wib. F. Clement; second, S. D. Whinery. Raspberries — First, Wib. F. Clement; second, Cyrus Harvey. Blackberries — First, S. D. Whinery; sec- ond, Wib. F. Clement. \%Mld Gooseberries — First, Wib. F. Clement. Wild Cherries — First, Wib. F. Clement. AVild Crab, S. D. Whinery. Best Collection of Native Fruit ($5, $4. $3) — First, S. D. Whinery; second, Mrs. Minnie Oberman; third, Wib. F. Clement. EDIBLE NUTS GROWN IN IOWA, NATIVE OR FOREIGN ORIGIN. Judge W. J. Kocken, Ames, Iowa. Plates Black Walnut ($1.00, 50c) — First, Leora Leonard, Mingo; second, Cyrus Harvey. Plates White AValnut or Butternut ($1.00, 50c) — First, C. H. True; second, Harlan Perdew, Ottumwa. Plates Shell Bark Hickory Nut ($1.00, 50c) — First, Chas. O. Garrett; sec- ond, Cyrus Harvey. Plates Hazelnut ($1.00, 50c) — First, Mrs. Minnie Oberman; second, S. D. Whinery. Plates Sweet Chestnut ($1.00, 50c) — First, J. W. Pearson; second, Mrs. Minnie Oberman. Plates Pecan ($1.00) — First, Mrs Minnie Oberman. Plate.** Peanuts ($1.00, 50c) — First. John Frush; second. Wib. F. Clement. Plates Each Other Nut Grown in Iowa ($1.00, 50c) — Hickory — First, Wib. F. Clement; second, Harlan Perdew. Pig Nut — First, Wib. F. Clement. Ground Almonds — First, J. R. Griffieon, Mitchellville; second, J. W. Pear- son, Mitchellville. Best Collection of Nuts ($5, $3) — First, Mrs. Minnie Oberman; second, Wib. F. Clement. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 357 FLORICULTURE. Superintendent L. E. Foglesong, Des Moines, Iowa. Judge John Reardon, Ames, Iowa. PROFESSIONAL LIST, PLANTS IN POTS. Collection of Plants in Bloom, Not Less Than 25 Varieties ($25, $20) — First, Iowa Seed Co., Des Moines; second, Wilson Floral Co., Des Moines. Collection of Foliage or Decorative Plants, Not Less Than 20 "Varieties, Excluding^ Palms and Ferns ($25, $20) — First, Iowa Seed Co.; second, Wil- son Floral Co. Collection of Palms ($25, $20, $15) — First, Iowa Seed Co.; second, Wilson Floral Co.; third. Alpha Floral Co., Des Moines. Collection of Ferns ($25, $20, $15) — First, Wilson Floral Co.; second, Iowa Seed Co.; third, Alpha Floral Co. Collection of Coleus ($9, $6, $3) — First, Iowa Seed Co.; second, Wilson Floral Co.; third, Alpha Floral Co. Collection of Geraniums ($9, $6, $3) — First, Iowa Seed Co.; second, Wilson Floral Co.; third. Alpha Floral Co. Collection of Flowering Begonias ($9) — First, Iowa Seed Co. Collection of Rex Begonias ($9) — First, Iowa Seed Co. Collection of Fancy Leaved Caladium ($9, $6) — First, Iowa Seed Co.; sec- ond, Wilson Floral Co. Collection of Crotons ($9, $6, $3) — First, Iowa Seed Co.; second, Wilson Floral Co.; third. Alpha Floral Co. Collection of Cannas ($9, $6) — First, Iowa Seed Co.; second, Wilson Floral Co. Specimens of Areca Lutescens ($5, $4, $3) — First, Iowa Seed Co.; second Alpha Floral Co.; third, Wilson Floral Co. Specimen Kent'ia Belmoreana ($5, $4, $3) — First, Wilson Floral Co.; sec- ond, Alpha Floral Co.; third, Iowa Seed Co. Specimen Kentia Fosterina ($5, $4, $3) — First Iowa Seed Co.; second, Alpha Floral Co.; third, Wilson Floral Co. Specimen Phoenix Canarien.sis ($5, $4, $3) — First. Iowa Seed Co.; second, Wilson Floral Co.; third. Alpha Floral Co. Specimen Phoen'ix Roebelenii ($5, $4, $3) — First, Wilson Floral Co.; sec- ond, Iowa Seed Co.; third, Alpha Floral Co. Specimen of Any Other Variety of Palm ($5, $4) — First, Iowa Seed Co.; second, Wilson Floral Co. Specimen Cycas Revoluta ($5, $4) — First, Iowa Seed Co.; second, Wilson Floral Co. Specimen Araucaria ($4, $3, $2) — First, Wilson Floral Co.; second, Alpha Floral Co.; third Iowa Seed Co. Specimen Dracaena ($4, $3, $2) — First, Iowa Seed Co.; second, Wilson Floral Co.; third. Alpha Floral Co. Specimen Nephrolepsis Bostoniensis ($4, $3, $2) — First, Alpha Floral Co.; second, Wilson Floral Co.; third, Iowa Seed Co. Specimen Nephrolepsis Whitmanii ($4, $3, $2) — First, Wilson Floral Co.; second, Iowa Seed Co.; third. Alpha Floral Co. Specimen of Any Other Variety of Fern ($4, $3, $2) — First, Wilson Floral Co.; second, Iowa Seed Co.; third, Alpha Floral Co. Specimen Asparagus Sprengeri ($4, $3, $2) — First, Wilson Floral Co.; sec- ond. Alpha Floral Co.; third, Iowa Seed Co. Vase of Plants ($9, $6, $3)— First, Alpha Floral Co.; second, Iowa Seed Co.; third, Wilson Floral Co. 358 TWENTY^SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Basket of Plants $(9, $6, $3) — First, Wilson Floral Co.; second, Iowa Seed Co.; third, Alpha Floral Co. FLORAL DESIGNS AND CUT FLOWERS. Judge James L. Denmead, Marshalltown, Iowa. Display of Cut Flowers ($25. $20, $15, $10) — First, Wilson Floral Co.; sec- ond, Chrisman Florist, Des Moines; third, Iowa Seed Co.; fourth, Beaver Avenue Floral Co., Des Moines. Display of Glailioli ($25, $20, $15) — First, Geo. S. Woodruff, Independence; second, E. R. Beebe. Mitchellville ; third, Wm. Hester, Des Moines. 50 Red Carnations ($5) — First, Lozier the Florist, Des Moines. 50 Pink Carnations ($5) — First, Lozier the Florist. 50 AVhite Carnations ($5, $3) — First, Lozier the Florist; third, Wilson Floral Co. AVreath of Flowers, Frame Xot to Exceed 24 inche-s on Fasel ($25, $20, $15. $10) — First, Wilson P''loral Co.; second. Art Floral Co.; third, Chrisman Florist; fourth. The Flower Shop. Single Spray of Flowers ($15, $10, $5) — First, Lozier the Florist; second. The Flower Shop; third, Chrisman Florist. Display of Asters ($9, $7, $5) — First, E. R. Beebe; second, Wilson Floral Co.; third, Beaver Avenue Floral Co. Floral Desijsrn, Wreath Excluded ($50. $45. $40, $30) — First, Wilson Floral Co.; second, Lozier the Florist; third, Chrisman Florist; fourth, The Flower Shop. 12 Spikes America Gladiolus ($3. $2, $1) — First, E. R. Beebe; second. Wm. Hester; third, Geo. S. Woodruff. 12 Spikes Augusta ($3) — First, Wm. Hester. 12 Spikes Sirs. Francis King ($3. $2, $1) — First, E. R. Beebe; second, Wm. Hester; third. Geo. S. Woodruff. 12 Spikes Yellow Gladiolus ($3, $2, $1) — First, Geo. S. Woodruff; second, E. R. Beebe; third, Wm. Hester. 12 Spikes Any Other Aariety ($3, $2, $1). First, Wm. Hester; second, Geo. S. Woodruff; third, E. R. Beebe. Table Decorations for a Dinner with Cover for Six ($50, $45, $40, $30) — First, Chrisman Florist; second, Flower Shop; third. Art Floral Co.; fourth, Wilson Floral Co. 12 American Beauty Ro.ses ($10. $8, $6) — First. Lozier the Florist; second. The Flower Shop; third, Wilson Floral Co. 25 Mrs. Chas. Ru.s.sell ($8, $6, $4) — First, Wilson Floral Co.; second Art Floral Co.; third, Lozier the Florist. 25 Mr.s. Aaron AVard ($6, $4, $3) — First, Flower Shop; second. Lozier the Florist; third, Wilson Floral Co. 25 Sunburst ($6, $4, $3) — First, Art Floral; second. Lozier the Florist; third, Wilson Floral Co. 25 Red Roses ($6, $4, $3) — First, Art Floral; second. Wilson Floral Co.; third, Lozier the Florist. 25 Pink Roses ($6, $4, $3) — First. Art Floral; second Wilson Floral Co.; third, Lozier the Florist. 25 AVhite Roses ($6, $4, $3) — First, Wilson Floral Co.; second Flower Shop; third, Lozier the Florist. Basket Assorted Flowers ($20. $15, $10) — First, Chrisman Florist; second. Lozier the Florist; third, Wilson Floral Co. Bride's Bouquet ($15, $10, $5) — First, Wilson Floral Co.; second, Lozier the Florist; third. Flower Shop. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 359 Corsas-e Bouquet ($6, if4, $2) — First, Wilson Floral Co.; second, Flower Shop; third, Lozier the Florist. Vase Assorted Flo'^vers ($10, $8, $6) — First, Chrisman Florist; second, Art Floral; third, Wilson Floral Co. AMATEUR LIST, PLANTS IN POTS. Judge John Reardox^ Ames, Iowa. Collection of Plant.s Arranja^ed for Effect, Xot Less Than 20 Varieties ($15, $10) — Third, Ada Barre (Jerhart, Des Moines; fourth, Odessa P.Llewel- lyn, Waukee. Collection of Ferns ($3) — Third. Ada Barre Gerhart. Collection of Agraves, Cactus and Succulents ($5) — First, Mrs. Anna E. Shettle, Des Moines. Collection of Coleus ($5, $3. $1) — First, June Collins, Bondurant; second, Ada Barre Gerhart; third, Mr. W. J. Porter, Ankeny. Collection of Abutilons ($3) — Second, Oddessa P*. Llewellyn. Collection of Cannas ($5) — First, Odessa P. Llewellyn. Specimen FoliaKTe Plant ($3, $2, $1) — First, June Collins; second, Ada Barre Gerhart; third, Mrs. D. R. Brewer. Specimen Lantana ($3, $2) — First, Odessa P. Llewellyn; second, Anna E. Shettle. Specimen Flowering lteu'<>nia ($2, $1) — Second, Anna E. Shettle; third, Oddessa P. Llewellyn. Specimen Geranium ($3, $2) — First, June Collins; second, Mrs. Anna E. Shettle. Specimen Fern ($3) — First, Ada Barre Gerhart. Specimen Abutilon ($2) — Second, Odessa P. Llewellyn. Specimen Asparag-us Sprengeri ($3, $2) — First, Mrs. Frank Harris, Des Moines; second, Ada Barre Gerhart. Vase of Plants ($5, $3, $1) — First, Ada Barre Gerhart; second, Odessa 1'. Llewellyn; third, June Collins. Ba.sket of Plants ($5, $3, $1)— First. Anna E. Shettle; second, June Col- lins; third, Odessa P. Llewellyn. AMATEUR LIST, CUT FLOWERS. Judge James L. Denmead, Marshalltowu. Iowa. Display of Cut Flowers ($25, $20, $15, $10, $5) — First, June Collins; sec- ond, Ada Barre Gerhart; third, Cyrus Harvey; fourth, Odessa P. Llewellyn; fifth, Anna E. Shettle. Display of Zinnias ($3, $2, $1) — First, Cyrus Harvey; second, Mrs. C. L. Gay; third, June Collins. Display of Salpiglossis ($2, ."^1) — Second, June Collins; third. Ada Barre Gerhart. Display of Petunias ($3, $2, $1) — First, Henry De Wild; second, Cyrus Harvey; third, Ada Barre Gerhart. Display of Calliopsis ($3, $2) — First, Ada Barre Gerhart; second, Anna E. Shettle. Display of Ornamental (;;ra.s.ses ($1) — Third, June Collins. Display of Gladioli $(5, $4, $3, $2) — First, Paul Tucker; second, L. D. Stickler; third, Henry De Wild; fourth, Ada Barre Gerhart. Six Spikes Scarlet Gladioli ($1.50, $1, 50c) — First, Ada Barre Gerhart; second, Henry De Wild; third. Paul Tucker. 360 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Six Spikes Pinlv Gladioli ($1.50, $1, oOe) — First, Henry De Wild; second, L. D. Stickland; third, Paul Tucker. Six Spikes W^hite Gladioli ($1.50, $1, 50c)— First. L. D. Stickland; second, Paul Tucker; third, Henry De Wild. Six Spike.s Any Other Color ($1.50, $1, 50c) — First, Paul Tucker; second. L. D. Stickland; third, Henry De Wild. Display of Asters ($5, $4, $.3, $2)— First, Jas. H. Comer; second, Ada Barre Gerhart; third, Paul Tucker; fourth, Henry De Wild. Display of Dianthus ($4, $3. $2) — First, June Collins; second, Odessa P. Llewellyn; third, Ada Barre Gerhart. Display of 3Iarisolds ($4, $3, $2, $1)— First, June Collins; second, Cyrus Harvey; third, Odessa P. Llewellyn; fourth, E. E. Heifner. Display of Dahlias ($4, $3, $2) — First. Odessa P. Llewellyn; second, Cyrus Harvey; third, June Collins. Display of Phlox ($5, $4, $3, $1) — First, June Collins; second, Henry De Wild; third, Ada Barre Gerhart; fourth, Odessa P. Llewellyn. Display of Geraniums ($3, $2, $1) — First, Odessa P. Llewellyn; second, Cy- rus Harvey; third, June Collins. Display of Verbenas ($3, $2, $1)— First, Henry De Wild; second, Mrs. C. L. Gay; third, Ada Barre Gerhart. Display of Snapdragons ($3, $2, $i) — First, Mrs. C. L. Gay; second, Jeanette Hethershaw, Des Moines; third, Ada Barre Gerhart. Display of Nasturtiums ($3, $2, $1) — First, Odessa P. Llewellyn; second, Cyrus Harvey; third, Ada Barre Gerhart. Display of Larkspurs ($2, $1) — Second, Odessa P. Llewellyn; third, Ada Barre Gerhart. Display of Cornflowers ($1) — Third, Mrs. Anna E. Shettle. Display of Balsams ($3, $2, $1) — First, Odessa P. Llewellyn; second, June Collins; third, Cyrus Harvey. Display of Scabiosa ($3, $2, $1) — First, Jeanette Hethershaw; second, Ada Barre Gerhart; third, June Collins. Display of Pansies (3, $2, $1) — First, June Collins; second, Henry De Wild; third, Mrs. Sadie M. Crane. Display of Sweet Peas ($3, $1) — First, Jeanette Hethershaw; third, Cyrus Harvey. Display of Cosmos ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. Anna E. Shettle; second, June Collins; third, Odessa P. Llewellyn. Display of Gaillardias ($3, $2, $1) — First, June Collins; second, Ada Barre Gerhart; third, Mrs. Anna E. Shettle. Basket of Cut Flow^ers ($5, $4, $3, $2) — First, Odessa P. Llewellyn; sec- ond, June Collins; third, Margaret Carpenter; fourth, Jeanette Hethershaw. Bouquet ($4, $3, $2, $1) — First, Odessa P. Llewellyn; second, June Collins; third, Mrs. Anna E. Shettle; fourth, Ada Barre Gerhart. Vase of Cut Flowers ($4, $3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. T. J. Flora; second, June Collins; third, Margaret Carpenter; fourth, Jeanette Hethershaw. TEXTILE AND CHINA DEPARTMENT. Superintendent T, C. Legoe, What Cheer, Iowa. Judge Mrs. G. E. Haney, Manson, Iowa. Ten Yards of Rag Carpet ($3) — First, E. Heydon, Mitchellville. Rug, Any Material ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. Frank Scott, Bondurant; sec ond, Mrs. C. Clementine, Des Moines; third, Mrs. Frank McKee, Altoona. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 361 Velvet Quilt ($3, $2, $1) — First, E. Heydon; second, Mrs. Lenora Stream, Des Moines; third, Bernice Headlee, Des Moines. Silk auilt ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. Fred Webster, Runnells; second, Mrs. Lenora Stream; third, Mrs. John L. Ruf, Des Moines. G'utline Q.uilt ($3, $2) — First, Nellie M. McCurnin, Des Moines; second, Mrs. W. H. Hutton, Ankeny. Cradle Q,uilt ($2, $1, $1) — First, Myrtle E. Henry. Des Moines; second, AV. C. Raney, Des Moines; third, Mrs. H. Gross, Des Moines. Cotton Patchwork ($2, $1, $1) — First, Mrs. Norma Adkins, Des Moines; sec- ond, E. Heydon; third, Mrs. J. H. Van Evera, Des Moines. Lost Cabin Quilt ($2) — First, Louise M. Smith, Des Moines. Worsted Quilt ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Lenora Stream; second, E. Heydon. Specimen of Quiltingr, Hand Made, Not Less Than One Yard ($2) — First, Mrs. Lenora Stream. Silk Comfort ($3, $2, $1) — First, Bud Decker Smith, Des Moines; second, Louise M. Smith; third, E. Heydon. Worsted Comfort ($2, $1) — First, Almena Scheel, Des Moines; second, E. Heydon. Cotton Comfort ($2) — First, Mrs. D. R. Brewer, Des Moines. Cotton Applique ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. Lenora Stream; second, Mrs. J. H. Van Evera; third. Nellie M. McCurnin. Cotton Braided Rug- ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Sadie M. Crane, Des Moines; second, Bernice Headlee, Des Moines. Cotton Pieced Quilt ($2, $1, $1) — First, Myrtle E. Henry; second, Mrs. A'. Murrow; third. Vera Patterson. Woven Cotton Rug ($2, $1) — First. E. Heydon; second, Almena Steel. Work Other Than Named ($3, $2, ?1) — First, Lillian Otte, Valley Junc- tion; second, Mrs. Joe Ellis, Des Moines; third, Mary L. Bevan, Des Moines. SEWING. AVork Dress ($2, $1, $1) — First, Betty Lou Wilson, Des Moines; second, Mrs. John C. Ash, Des Moines; third, Mrs. C. E. Minehart, Des Moines. Work Apron ($2, .$1, $1) — First, Mrs. A. W. Phillips; second, Bud Decker Smith; third, Mrs. F. A. Mathis, Des Moines. Made Over Dress (2, $1, $1) — First, Mrs. John C. Ash; second, June Col- lins; third, Mrs. Frank Scott. Dress Made from Cast-OflE Garments, for Child Under Eight Years Old ($2, $1, $1) — First. Etta Keeling-, Des Moines; second, Clara Keeling-, Des Moines; third, Emma R. Roberts, Des Moines. Best Dress, Made From Cast-Off Garments, For Chilfl Between Eight and Sixteen Years ($2, $1 $1) — First, Mrs. G. W. Dietz, Des Moines; second, Mrs. M. A. Corrough, Bondurant; third, Louise M. Smith. Child's Coat Made From Old Garment ($2, $1, $1) — First, Mrs. W. Gale McMillen, Waukee; second, Emnia R. Roberts; third, Mrs. M. A. Corroug-h, Bondurant. Child's Underwear From Cast-Off Knitted Underwear ($2, $1, $1) — First. Emma R. Roberts; second, Mabel C. Luther, Des Moines; third, Mrs. F. A. Mathis, Des Moines. Clothingr Made From Flour or Sugar Sacks ($2, $1, $1) — First, W. C. Raney; second, C. G. Northrop, Guthrie Center; third, Mrs. Fred Mote, Des Moines, Boy's Suit Made From Cast-Off Garments ($2, $1, $1) — First, Mrs. Frank Scott; second, Mrs. F. L. Armstrong, Des Moines; third, Mrs. F. F. Hopkins, Shenandoah. Child's Clothing Made From Old Stockings ($2, $1) — First. Emma R, Roberts; second, Mabel C. Luther. 362 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV DARNING. Darning On "Wool Garment ($2, $1, $1) — First, Mrs. J. E. Grant, Carlisle; second, Emma R. Roberts, Des Moines; third, Mrs. J. E. Thompson, Bowling Green, Mo. Darning On Silk Garment ($2, $1, $1) — First, Mrs. Earl Sutherland, Knox- ville; second, Mrs. J. E. Thompson; third, Jane Adamson, Ankeny. Darning On Cotton Garment or Household Article ($2, $1) — First, Jane AdaiTison; second, Mrs. J. E. Thompson. Darning On Linen Garment or Household Article ($2, $1) — First, Jane Adamson; second, Mrs. J. E. Thompson. PATCHING. Patching on silk garment (.$2, $1, $1)— First. Jane Adamson; second, Mrs. J. E. Thompson; third, Emma R. Roberts. Patching On W^ool Garment ($2, $1, $1) — First, Emma R. Roberts; second, Jane Adamson; third, Mrs. J. E. Grant. Patching On Cotton Garment or Household Article ($2, $1, $1) — First, Emma R. Roberts; second, Jane Adamson; third, Ella F. Randolph. KNITTED WORK. Specimen Knit Lace, Xot Less Than Two Yards ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Clara Spitzer. Norwalk; second, Myrtle E. Henry, Des Moines. Pair Woolen Mittens ($1, 50c) — F'irst, C. G. Northrop, Guthrie Center; second, Mrs. R. E. Hicks, Altoona. Slumber Robe ($2, $1) — First, W. C. Raney, Des Moines; second. Nellie M. McCurnin, Des Moines. Pair of Slippers, Hand Knit ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. G. W. Dietz; second, Mrs. H. Gross, Des Moines. Pair of Gloves, Hand Knit (.$1, 50c) — First, Mrs. C. Steindler, Iowa City. Pair of AVoolen Stockings, Hand Knit ($1) — First, Mrs. C. Steindler. Pair AVoolen Socks, Hand Knit ($1, 50c) — First, Mrs. M. Arnold, Des Moines; second. Mrs. C. F. Frazer, Des Moines. Ladies' Sweater, Haufl Knit ($3) — First, Andrea M. Smith, Des Moines. Ladies' Knit Shawl ($2, $1) — First, Bertie E. Dunn, Des Moines; second, Mary L. Bevan, Des Moines. Knitted AVork Other Than \amed ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. C. Steindler; second, Bess Bailey, Des Moines; third, Mrs. Geo. Andrews, Des Moines. CROCHET. Medallions (Six) ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. A. J. Mathis; second, Mary L. Bevan. Sweater ($3, $2) — First, Margaret Carpenter; second. R. L. Thompson. Filet Tidy ($2, .$1) — First. Mrs. C. Steindler; second. Mrs. G. W. Dietz. Tray Mounted ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. W. F. Mitchell; second. Mrs. R. L. Thompson. Basket ($1, 50c) — First, Emma R. Roberts; second, Mrs. M. Arnold. Luncheon Set ($5, $3, $2) — First, Mrs. Frank Brehmer; second, Mrs. C. S. Nicholas; third, Audrea M. Smith. Pillow^ Cases ($2, $1) — F^rst, Mrs. K. P. Espe. Jewell; second, Mrs. Earl Sutherland; third, Mrs. W. F. Mitchell. Sheet, Crochet Trimming ($2, $1, $1) — First, Mrs. E. W. Freel; second. Mrs. G. W. Dietz; third, Mrs. Wayne Casady, Carlisle. Towel, Crochet Trimming ($1, 50c) — First. Ina E. Metcalf; second. R. L. Thompson. Turkish Towel, Crochet Trimming (.?1, 50c) — First, Mrs. F. A. Mathis; second, Mrs. A. J. Mathis. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 363 Collar (.$2. $1) — First, Mrs. A. J. Mathis; second, Mrs. Clara Kaup. Collar and Cuflf Set ($2, $1, 50c) — First, Mrs. J. B. McCrea, Greenfield; second, Mrs. J. E. Thompson; third, Mrs. Louis Reeck, Des Moines. Doily ($2, SI) — First, Marl L. Bevan; second, Mrs. Lenora Stream. Centerpiece ($2, $1, 50c) — First, Mrs. Marion Cuppock, Ankeny; second, M. S. Jones; third, Margaret Carpenter. Table Runner ($2, $1, 50c) — First, R. L. Thompson; second, Mrs. Frank McKee: third, Mrs. Jesse Alexander, Indianola. Xight Gown Yoke ($2, ?1) — First. Mrs. E. W. Freel ; second, Mrs. Ora Ed- wards. Knoxville. Cor.set Cover Yoke ($2, .?1) — First. Mrs. Bruce Spahr. Slater; second, Mrs. L. J. Braum, Des Moines. Linen and Crochet Centerpiece (|2, |1, 50c) — First, Mrs. L. J. Braum; second, Bess Bailey; third, Mrs. Elizabeth Brooks, Des Moines. Linen and Crochet Doilies (Six) ($2, SI) — First, Mary L. Bevan; second. Mrs. F'. F. Hopkins. Linen and Crochet Lunch Cloth ($3 $2, $1) — First, Teresa Vorse, Des Moines; second, M. S. Jones, Mitchellville; third, Lucy Talbott. Des Moines. Hugrsrer ($2, |1) — First. Mrs. E. L. Thompson; second, Mrs. H. Gross. Shawl ($2, $1) — First, Myrtle E. Henry; second, Mrs. C. F. Frazer. Cluny Scarf ($3, $2, SD — First, Mrs. C. Steindler; second, Mary L. Bevan; third, A. L. Van Trump, Des Moines. Cluny Centerpiece (S3, $2, SI) — First, Mrs. C. Steindler; second, Mrs. Lyle Peery, Prairie City; third, Mary L. Bevan. Cluny Yoke (3) — First, Mary L. Bevan. Camisole (S2, SI) — First. Mrs. Clyde D. Fouch, Monroe; second, Mrs. Earl Sutherland. Infant's Sacque (SI, 50c) — First, Mrs. E. L. Thompson; second, Mrs. R. K. Dowell, Des Moines. Hood ($1, 50c) — First. Mrs. Frank Scott; second, Mrs. L. J. Braum. Pair of Infant*.s Socks, Crochet (Si, 50c) — First, M. S. Jones; second, Mrs. J. E. Thompson. Pair of Slippers (SI. 50c) — First, Mrs. C. S. Sulser, Ankeny; second, Mrs. F. F. Hopkins. Cott«n Lace, Xot Less Than One Year (.?1. 50c) — First. Nellie M. McCur- nin; second. Mary L. Bevan. Crochet Lace On Curtain, One Pair ($2. $1) — F'irst, Mrs. A. J. Mathis; second, ^Mrs. F. Happe, Danbury. Linen Lace, Not Less Than One Yard (SI. 50c) — First. :\Irs. W. J. Por- ter, Ankeny; second; Mrs. D. R. Brewer, Des Moines. Scarf (S2, $1, 50c) — First, Mrs. Earl Sutherland; second. Mrs. K. P. Espe. Jewell; third, Mabel Abuhl, Ankeny. Bedspread (S5. S3. $2, $1) — First, Mrs. E. Clementine. Des Moines; second, C. G. Northrop, Guthrie Center; third, Mrs. S. N. Cowger, Waukee. Candle Shades (SL 50c) — First, Mrs. L. J. Braum, Des Moines; second, Emma R. Roberts . Specimen Crochet Work Other Than .Named ($5, S3, S2, SI, SI) — First, Mrs. Eric Anderson, Iowa Falls; second, Mrs. C. Steindler; third, Mrs. Ivy Knox, Beech; fourth, Mrs. Amos Warren, Polk City; fifth, Lucy Jefferson, Des Moines. HAND NEEDLEWORK. Envelope Combination Suit (S2, $1) — First, :Mrs. Lenora Stream, Des Moines; second, R. L. Thompson, Des Moines. Pillow Cases (S2, $1) — First, Myrtle E. Henry, Des Moines; second, Nellie M. McCurnin, Des Moines. 364 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Sheets ($2, $1) — First, E. Heydon, Mitchell ville; second, Mrs. Reid Burks, Des Moines. Bedspread ($3, $2) — First, Mrs. M. Arnold, Des Moines; second, Mrs. C S. Nicholas, Des Moines. Ladies' W^aist ($2) — First, Mrs. M. Arnold. Combination Suit ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Ivy Knox, Beech; second, Mrs. Max McVey, Des Moines. Night Dress ($1, 50c) — First, Mrs. Ivy Knox; second, Mrs. E. Li. Thompson. IVight Shirt ($1) — First, Almena Scheel, Des Moines. Child's Dress (Neatest Made) ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. M. Arnold; second, Emma R. Roberts, Des Moines . Underskirt ($1, 50c) — First, Mrs. Earl Sutherland; second, Mrs. John C. Ash. Corset Cover ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Anna E. Shettle; second, Mabel C. Luther. Fancy Apron ($2 $1, 50c) — First, Margaret Wright, Des Moines; second, Nellie M. McCurnin, Des Moines; third, Mrs. C. S. Nicholas, Des Moines. Sofa Pillow ($3, $2) — First, Emma R. Roberts; second, Fern Botsford, Des Moines. Neatest Mended Garment ($1, 50c) — First, Jane Adamson; second, Mrs. J. E. Thompson, Bowling Green, Mo. Neatest Darned Stocking ($1, 50c) — First, Mrs. C. Steindler; second, Mrs. Earl Sutherland. W^ork Other Than Named ($3, $2, $1, 50c) — First, Luch Jerrerson, Des Moines; second, Mrs. J. L. Farrell, Ankeny; third, Mrs. M. Arnold, Des Moines; fourth, A. J. Nading, Dubuque. WORK OF OLD LADIES. Pair of Knit Wool Stockings ($2) — First, E. Heydon, Mitchellville. Pair of Knit Wool Socks ($1, 50c) — First, Mrs. H. Johnson, Gladbrook; second, Mrs. Ed Rehker, Danbury. Pair of Knit Silk 3Iittens ($2, $1) — First, W. C. Raney, Des Moines; sec- ond, Mrs. H. Johnson. Bedspread ($5, $3, $2, $1) — ^""irst, Mrs. Ed Rehker, Danbury; second, Mrs. M. Arnold, Des Moines; third, Mrs. C. T. Frazer, Des Moines; fourth, Louise M. Smith, Des Moines. Neatest Darned Work, Any Article (2) — First, Jane Adamson, Ankeny. Neatest Made Dress ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. John C. Ash, Des Moines; sec- ond, Louise M. Smith, Des Moines. Neatest Made Skirt ($1) — Second, Louise M. Smith, Des Moines. Specimen Drawn WT'ork ($2, $1) — First, W. C. Raney, Des Moines; second, Louise M. Smith, Des Moines. Specimen Outline W^ork ($2, $1) — First, E. Heydon, Mitchellville; second. Mrs. M. A. Corrough, Bondurant. Night Dress ($2, $1) — First, ^V. C. Raney; second, Mrs. M. A. Corrough. Specimen Crochet W'ork (?2, $1) — First, Nancy Davidson, Des Moines; second, Mrs. M. A. Corrough. Comfort ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. M. Arnold; second, Mrs. Amy Silcott, Valley Junction. Silk Quilt ($3, $2, $1) — First, Bertie E. Dunn, Des Moines; second, Mrs. Louise C. Felt, Adel; third, Louise M. Smith, Des Moines. Cotton Q,uilt ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Lizzie Adams, Des Moines; second, Mrs. W. Hull, Des Moines. W^oolen Quilt ($2) — First Mrs. H. Johnson, Gladbrook. Specimen of Hemstitching ($2) — First Mrs. J. H. Van Evera, Des Moines. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 365 Specimen of Kmbroidery Other Than Named ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. Hattie Nickle, Des Moines; second, Mrs. Frank Scott, Bondurant; third, Louise M. Smith, Des Moines. Apron, Neatest Made ($2, $1) — First, Mary E. Mumm, Des Moines; sec- one, Louise M. Smith, Des Moines, Specimen of Lace AVork ($2, $1) — I'irst, Mrs. C. Steindler, Iowa City; second, Louise M. Smith, Des Moines. Silk Embroidery Sofa Pillow ($2, $1) — First, Louise M. Smith; second, Mrs. Frank Scott, Bondurant. Silk Embroidery Lunch Cloth ($2, $1) — First, Louise M. Smith; Des Moines; second, Mrs. Frank Scott, Bondurant. Stocking Bag ($1, 50c) — First, Louise M. Smith; second, Mrs. W. Casady, Des Moines, Shopping: Bag, Hand Made ($1) — First Mrs. M, Arnold, Des Moines. Tatting Handkerchief ($2, $1) — First, M, S, Jones, Mitchellville; second, W. C, Raney, Des Moines. Work Other Than Named ($5, $3, $2, $1, 50c) — First, Mrs. C. Steindler, Iowa City; second, Martha J. Phillips, Unionville; third, Mrs. C. T. FVazer, Des Moines; fourth, Mrs. J. H. Van Evera, Des Moines; fifth, Sarah J. Lit- tleton, Des Moines. LINEN OR COTTON EMBROIDERY. Centerpiece, 23 inches or Larger ($4, $3, $2) — First, Andrea M, Smith, Des Moines; second, Mrs. H. Gross, Des Moines; third, Mrs. M, Arnold, Des Moines. Handkerchief ($2, $1) — First, Bess Bailey, Des Moines; second, Mrs. F. L. Armstrong-, Des Moines, Pair of Pillow Cases ($3, $2, $1, $1)— First, Kna E. Metcalf, Des Moines; second. Myrtle E, Henry, Des Moines; third, Mrs. F L. Armstrong-, Des Moines; fourth. Floe Clark, Carlisle. Six Doilies ($2) — First Mrs, L, J, Braum, Des Moines. Six Napkins ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. W, Casady, Des Moines; second, Mrs. M. Arnold, Des Moines. Dresser Scarf ($2 $1 50c) — First, Mrs. C. Steindler, Iowa City; second, Mrs. L. J, Braum; third. Myrtle E, Henry. Table Cloth ($3, $1) — First, Andrea M. Smith; second, Hannah Portel, Des Moines, Sofa Pillow ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Reid Burks, Des Moines; second, Mrs. W. J. Porter, Des Moines. Buffet Set ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Earl Edwards, Knoxville; second, Evelyn Grand Pre, Des Moines, Night Gown Yoke ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. H. Gross; second, Evelyn Grand Pre. Baby Dress ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. L, J. Braum; second, Mrs. F, F, Hopkins. Baby Cap ($2, $1) — First, Bud Decker Smith, Des Moines; Mrs. W. F. Mitchell, Des Moines. Lunch Cloth and Napkins ($5, $3, $2) — First, Mrs. VJ^. F. Mitchell; second, Mrs. G, W, Dietz; third, Kenneth Hull, Des Moines, Camisole ($2) — First, Mrs. C, Steindler, Iowa City. Pair of Towels ($1, 50c) — First, Louisa Ellis, Carlisle; second, Mrs. Frank Wilcox, Des Moines. Shirt Waist ($2) — First, Mrs, C. Steindler, Iowa City , Pair Rompers ($2) — First, Mabel C. Luther, Des Moines. Dressing Jacket and Cap ($2, $1) — First, Hannah Portel; second, Mabel C, Luther. 366 TWEXTY'SECOXD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Specimen Eyelet Embroitlery ($2, $1, 50e) — First, Andrea M. Smith; sec- ond, Lucy Jefferson, Des Moines; third, Mrs. W. Casady, Des Moines. Specimen Coronation Cord Embroidery ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Elizabeth Brooks, Des Moines; second, Mrs. W. Casady. Bed Set (.$3, $2) — Second, Ruth Ellis, Carlisle; third, E. Heydon, Mitchell- ville. Worli Other Than Named ($3, $2, $1 ) — First, Mrs. H. Gross; second, Mrs. W. F. Mitchell; third. E. Heydon. SILK EMBROIDERY IN COLORS. Lunch Cloth, Conventional ($5, $3, $2) — First. Mrs. Z. A. Campbell, Des Moines; second, Hannah Portel ; third, Louise M. Smith. Piano Cover ($2, $1) — Second. Mrs. Earl Sutherland, Knoxville; third. Mrs. C. Steindler, Iowa City. Centerpiece, Any De.sig^n ($3, $2, $1) — First. Mrs. W. Casady; second, Mrs. L. J. Braum; third, Nelson DeFord. Des Moines. Tray Cloth ($l)^Second, Louise M. Smith. Bag;, Any Kipd ($1, 50c)^ — First, Mrs. C. Steindler; second, Mrs. Reid Burks. Sofa Pillow ($2. $1) — First, Mrs. J. M. Crawford, Bondurant; second, Almena Scheel, Des Moines. Envelope Combination Suit ($2) — First, Mrs. John C. Ash. Camisole ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Lenore Stream; second, Mrs. Frank Scott, Bondurant. Work Other Than Named ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. C. Steindler; second, Mrs. John C. Ash; third, Mrs. L. J. Braum. WHITE SILK EMBROIDERY. Child's Flannel Skirt ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. L. J. Braum; second. Bud Decker Smith. Infant's Shawl ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Frank Scott; second, Hannah Portel. Infant's Cap ($1, 50c) — First, Mrs. Cyrus Harvey, Altoona; second, Mrs. F. L. Armstrong, Des Moines. Work Other Than Nameil (.$3. $2) — First. Mrs. Lenore Stream; second, Bud Decker Smith. ROMAN EMBROIDERY. Lunch Cloth ($3) — First, Ina E. Metcalf. Centerpiece ($1) — First, Hannah Portel. Floor Pillow (50c) — Second, Mrs. J. E. Thompson. Bowling Green, Mo. Sofa Pillow ($1) — Second, Mrs. J. E. Thompson. Work Other Than Named ($2. .?!) — First, Mrs. C. Steindler; second. Han- nah Portel. CROSS STITCH EMBROIDERY. Sofa Pillow ($3, $2, $1) — First, Lucy Jefferson; second. Mrs. Earl Suther- land; third. Nelson deFord. Centerpiece ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. W. Casady; second, Mrs. Earl Suther- land; third, Nelson deFord. Scarf ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. E. L. Thompson; second, Mrs. W. F. Mitchell. Table Cover ($5, $3, $2) — First, Lucy Jefferson; second, Mrs. E. M. Cross, Des Moines. Bag ($2, $1) — First. Mrs. C. Steindler; second, Andrea M. Smith. Pair of Towels ($2, $1) — First, R. D. Thompson; second, Andrea M. Smith. Luncheon Set ($5. $3, $2) — First, Andrea M. Smith; second, Mrs. Lenora Stream; third, Mrs. F. F. Hopkins. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 367 pair Pillow Slips ($2) — First, Mrs. F. F. Hopkins. Bed Spread ($5, $3) — First, Mrs. Murietter J. Hunter, Des Moines; sec- ond, Hannah Portel. Doily Roll ($2) — First, Hannah Portel. Card Table Cover ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. E. L. Thompson; second, Pt. L. Thompson. Hot Roll Case ($2, $1) — First, Andrea M. Smith; second, Bud Decker Smith. Baby Dress ($3) — First, Mrs. F. F. Hopkins. Work Other Than Named ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mary E. Schnell; second, Mrs. C. Steindler; third, Mrs. F. F. Hopkins. HARDANGER EMBROIDERY. L.aiich Cloth ($3, $2, ?1) — First, Mrs. E. N. Meyers, Des Moines; second, Mrs. J. S. Johnson, Story City; third, Mrs. J. H. Van Evera, Des Moines. Dresser Scarf ($2, $1) — First, Bud Decker Smith; second, Mrs. E. N. Meyers. Centerpiece ($3, $2, $1) — First, Alice B. Peelstrom, Madrid; second, Mrs. C. Steindler; third, Mrs. J. E. Thompson, Bowling Green, Mo. Sofa Pillow ($2, $1) — First, Lenore Stream, Des Moines; second, Mrs. E. N. Meyers. MLLE. FLEUR. Scarf ($2) — First, Mrs. W. F. Mitchell, Des Moines. Centerpiece ($2) — First, Mrs. W. F. Mitchell. Work Other Than Named ($2) — Second, Hannah Portel, Des Moines. MEXICAN EMBROIDERY AND DRAWN WORK, HAND MADE. Carver's Cloth ($2, $1) — First, M. S. Jones, Mitchellville; second, Mrs. Earl Sutherland, Knoxville. Six Napkins ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. W. F. Mitchell; second, E. Heydon, Mitchellville. Table Cloth ($3, $2. $1) — First, Mrs. W. Casady; second, Mrs. W. F. Mitchell; third, E. Heydon. Dre-sser Cover ($2) — First, M. S. Jones, Mitchellville. Handkerchief ($2, $1) — First, M. S. Jones; second, Louise M. Smith. Six Doilies ($1, 50c) — First, Louise M. Smith; second, Mrs. J. E. Thompson. Apron ($2, $1) — First, Louise M. Smith; second, Mrs. F. A. Mathis, Des Moines. Pair Towels ($1) — First, Mrs. J. E. Thompson. Centerpiece ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. W. F. Mitchell; second, Mrs. Frank Wilcox, Des Moines; third, M. S. Jones, Mitchellville. Tray Cloth ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. W. F. Mitchell; second. M. S. Jones. Towel Weaving ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. J. H. Van Evera, Des Moines; sec- ond, Mrs. Earl Sutherland, Knoxville. Pillow Cases ($1) — First, Mrs. J. E. Thompson. Work Other Than Named ($3, $1) — First, M. S. Jones; third, Mrs. J. E. Thompson. IRISH CROCHET. Best Trimmed Shirt W^alst ($3, $2) — First, Mabel C. Luther, Des Moines; second, Mrs. E. L. Thompson. Lace By Yard ($1) — Second, Mrs. J. E. Thompson. Dresser Scarf, Trimmed ($2, $1) — First, R. L. Thompson; second. Mrs. Earl Sutherland. 368 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Bag ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Jesse Alexander, Indianola; second, Mabel C. Luther. Collar ($2, $1, 50c) — First, Mrs. E. Li. Thompson; second, R. L. Thomp- son; third, Lucy Jefferson. Collar and CufF.s ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. E. L. Thompson; second, Mrs. J. E. Thompson. Yoke ($2, $1) — First, Bud Decker Smith; second, Mrs. L. J. Braum. Infant's Cap ($2, $1) — P^irst, Edith Cook, Des Moines; second, Mrs. F. F. Hopkins. Jabot (.$2, $1) — First, R. L. Thompson; second, Mabel C. Luther. AVork Other Than Named ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. A. W. Phillips, Elkhart; second, Mabel C. Luther; third, W. C Raney, Des Moines POINT LACE. Handkerchief ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. C. F. F'razer; second, Mrs. C. Steind- ler. Collar and Cuff Set ($1)— First, Mrs. J. E. Thompson. Yoke ($1) — Second, Mrs. J. E. Thompson. Infant's Cap (?1, $1) — Second, Mrs. J. E. Thompson; third, Mrs. C. F. Frazer. Tie End.s (.?2, .$1) — First, Mrs. C. Steindler; second, M. S. Jones. AVork Other Than Named ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. C. Steindler; second, Mrs. Frank E. Neal, Des Moines; third, Ina E. Metcalf, Des Moines. TATTING. Table Cloth Trimmed With Tatting ($5, $3) — First, Mrs. B. W. Phillips, De Soto; second, Edith Cook, Des Moines. lodging and Insertion, One Yard ($2, $1, $1) — First, Mrs. J. H. Van Evera; second, Mrs. W. F. Mitchell; third, Mrs. E. N. Meyer. Handkerchief ($1, 50c, 50c) — First, Loretta Eschelman, Altoona; second, Mrs. E. N. Meyer; third, Mrs. E. TV. Freel, Pleasantville. Tie Ends or Jabot ($1, 50c) — First, M, S. Jones; second, J. E. Thompson. Infant's Cap ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. S. M. Leonard, Waukee; second, Loretta Eschelman, Altoona. Tatting Bag ($2, $1) — First, Nelson DeFord, Des Moine.s; second, Mrs. Clara Spitzer, Norwalk. Towel Trimmed AVith Tatting ($2, $1, 50c) — First, Mrs. F. F. Hopkins; second, Mrs. Earl Sutherland; third, Eliz Reynolds, Mitchellville. Apron, Trimmed ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. E. W. Freel, Pleasantville; second, Mrs. Earl Sutherland. Centerpiece ($3, $2, $1) — First, Eleanor Hall; second, Mrs. Earl Suther- land; third, Mrs. Roy V. Alt. Pillow Cases ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. Roy V. Alt; second, Mrs. Earl Sutherland; third, Lorette Eschelman. Tatting Yoke ($2, $1) — First, Esta M. Hungate; second. Mrs. Cyrus Har- vey. Corset Cover, Trimmed With Tatting ($2, $1)— First, Feme Botsford; second, Mary L. Bevan. Table Runner ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Earl Edwards; second, Eleanor Hall. Piano Scarf ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. B. W. Phillips; second, Mrs. Roy V. Alt; third, Mrs. E. N. Meyer. Sofa Pillow ($2, $1) — First, Eliz Reynolds; second, Esta M. Hungate. Collar ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. S. M. Leonard; second, Mayme Burkhead. Tatted Lace on Curtain, One Pair ($3) — First, Mrs. Earl Sutherland. Work Other Than Named ($3, $2, $1) — First, Esta M. Hungate; second, Mrs. W. E. Freel; third, Mrs. J. B. McCrea. \ AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 369 \ FRENCH KNOT EMBROIDERY. Pair Pillow Slips ($3, $2, $1) — First, Nellie M. McCurnin; second, Evelyn Grand Pre; third, Mrs. Reid Burks. Centerpiece ($3, $2, $1) — First, Bernice Headlee; second, Bud Decker Smith; third, Mrs. W. F. Mitchell. Pair Towel-s ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. F. F. Hopkins; second. Miss Georgia Cassatt. Hot Roll Case ($2, $1) — First, Evelyn Grand Pre; second, Mrs. AV. J. Porter, Baby Dress ($3, $2, $1) — First, Evelyn Grand Pre; second, Mrs. F. F. Hop- kins; third, Bud Decker Smith. Bed Spread ($5, $3, $2, $1, $1) — First, Mrs. W. Casady; second, Mrs. Reid Burks; third, Evelyn Grand Pre; fourth, Mrs. C. T. Frazer; fifth, Mrs. F. F. Hopkins. Iiibrar>' Table Rniiiier ($3, $2, $1) — First, Feme Botsford; second, Evelyn Grand Pre; third, Bud Decker Smith. Dresser Scarf ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Earl Edwards; second, Mrs. W. Casady. Buffet Set ($3, $2, $1) — First, Emma R. Roberts; second, Evelyn Grand Pre; third. Bud Decker Smith. Card Table Cover ($2, $1) — First, Bud Decker Smith; second, Mrs. F. L. Armstrong". Pair Curtains (.$5,- $3, $1) — First, Evelyn Grand Pre; second, Mrs. F. F. Hopkins; third, Hannah Portel. Night Gown ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. F. F. Hopkins; second, Evelyn Grand Pre. Camisole ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. F. L. Armstrong; second, Bud Decker Smith. Combination Suit ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. John C. Ash; second. Bud Decker Smith. BEAD WORK, STENCIL WORK. Bead Chain ($3, $2) — First, Mrs. W. Casady; second, C. G. Northroj), Guthrie Center. Bead Purse ($3, $2) — First, Mrs. C. Steindler; second, Andrea M. Smith. Bead Belt ($3, $2) — First, Mrs. TV. Casady; second, Berta Hurt. Bead Miser Bag ($3, $2) — First. Nelson DeFord, Des Moines; second, Mrs. W. Casady. Raffia Basket ($2, $1) — First, C. B. Williams; second, Evelyn Grand Pre, Des Moines. Pair Stenciled Portiers ($2) — First, Mrs. W. J. Porter. Stenciled Table Cover ($2) — First, Mrs. W. J. Porter. Stenciled Cushion ($2)— First, Mrs. W. J. Porter. Stenciled Scarf ($2, $1) — First, Lillian Gerster; second, Mrs. W. J. Porter. Other Than Xamed ($3, $2, $1) — First, Berta Hurt; second, Ethel David- son; third, Margaret Carpenter. PROFESSIONAL LIST HAND PAINTED CHINA. Judge G. E. Hanet^ Manson, Iowa. Best Collection ($10, $6, $4) — First, Mrs. Willard Lyon, Knoxville; sec- ond, Mrs. Lake Bowers, Des Moines; third. Fern Cammack, Iowa F'alls. Vase Over Twelve Inches ($4, $3) — First, Mrs. Willard Lyon; second, Ada B. Gerhart, Des Moines. Water Pitcher ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. Lake Bowers; second, Ada B. Gerhart; third, Mrs. J. H. Ramsay, Des Moines. 24 370 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Dresser Set (Three Pieces or More) ($4, $3, $2) — First, Mrs. Willard H. Lyon; second, Mrs. Lake Bowers; third, Ada B. Gerhart. Bou-bon Box (Covered) ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. Willard H. Lyon; sec- ond, Fern Cammack; third, Mrs. Lake Bowers. Sugar and Creamer ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. Lake Bowers; second. Fern Cammack; third, Ada B. Gerhart. Serving Tray ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. Lake Bowers; second, Mrs. Willard H. Lyon; third, Ada B. Gerhart. Set of Plates (Eight Inches or More) ($3, $2) — First, Mrs. Willard H. Lyon; second, Ada B. Gerhart. Candlestick ($2, $1, $1) — First, Mrs. Willard Lyon; second, Mrs. Lake Bowers; third, Ada B. Gerhart. Tea Pot ($3, $2, $1) — First. Mrs. Lake Bowers; second, Ada B. Gerhart; third, Mrs. Willard H. Lyon. Open Bon-bon ($2, $1, $1) — First, Mrs. Willard Lyon; second, Mrs. Lake Bowers; third, Ada B. Gerhart. Bread or Cake Plate ($2, $1, $1) — First, Mrs. Willard Lyon; second, Mrs. Lake Bowers; third, Fern Cammack. W'hiiiped Cream Bowl ($2, $1, $1) — First, Fern Cammack; second, Mrs. Lake Bowers; third, Mrs. Willard Lyon. CoflEee or Chocolate Pot ($3, $2) — First, Mrs. Lake Bowers; second. Ada B. Gerhart. Fancy Cup and Saucer ($2, $1, $1) — First, Mrs. Willard Lyon; second, Fern Cammack; third, Ada B. Gerhart. Decorated Tile ($2, $1, $1) — First, Ada B. Gerhart; second, Mrs. J. H. Ramsay; third, Mrs. Lake Bowers. Chop Plate ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. Willard Lyon; second, Mrs. Lake Bow- ers; third, Mrs. J. H. Ramsay. Bread and Butter Plates (Six Inches) ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. Willard Lyon; second, Ada B. Gerhart; third, Mrs. Lake Bowers. Olive or Pickle Dish ($2, $1) — First, Fern Cammack; second, Mrs. Willard Lyon. Marmalade Jar and Plate ($2, $1, $1) — First, Fern Cammack; second, Mrs. Lake Bowers; third, Ada B. Gerhart. IVut Bowls (Six Individual Bowls) ($3) — First, Mrs. Willard Lyon. Radish Tray ($2, $1, $1) — First, Mrs. Willard Lyon; second, Mrs. Lake Bowers; third, Ada B. Gerhart. Syrup Pitcher ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Lake Bowers; second, Ada B. Gerhart. Bread and Milk Set ($3, $2) — First, Mrs. Willard Lyon; second, Mrs. Lake Bowers. Cheese Plate ($2, $1, $1) — First, Mrs. Willard Lyon; second. Fern Cam- mack; third, Ada B. Gerhart. Salad Bowl ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. Lake Bowers; second, Mrs. Willard Lyon; third, Fern Cammack. Fruit Bowl ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. J. H. Ramsay; second, Fern Cam- mack; third, Mrs. Willard Lyon. Standard or Footed Compote ($3, $1.50, $1) — First, Mrs. Willard Lyon; second, Mrs. Lake Bowers; third, Ada B. Gerhart. Relish Set ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Lake Bowers; second, Ada B. Gerhart. Set Fruit Plates ($4, $2) — First. Mrs. Willard Lyon; second, Mrs. Lake Bowers. Card Receiver ($2, $1, $1) — First, Mrs. Willard Lyon; second. Fern Cam- mack; third, Ada B. Gerhart. Vase, Under Tw;elve Inches ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. Lake Bowers; sec- ond, Mrs. J. H. Ramsay; third, Mrs. Willard Lyon. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 371 Meat Set (Platter and Six Plates) ($5, $4) — First, Mrs. Willard Lyon; second, Ada B. Gerhart. Tumbler Coasters ($3, $1.50, $1) — First, Mrs. Lake Bowers; second, Ada B. Gerhart; third, Mrs. Willard Lyon. Milk Piteher ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Lake Bowers; second, Ada Barre Ger- hart. Guest Room Set ($2) — First, Ada Barre Gerhart. Talcum Shaker ($2) — First, Mrs. Willard Lyon. Tea Pot Stand ($2, $1, $1) — First, Mrs. Lake Bowers; second. Mrs. Wil- lard Lyon; third, Ada B. Gerhart. Ice or Butter Tub ($2, $1.50) — First. Mrs. Lake Bowers; second, Ada B. Gerhart. Original Conventional Design P'or Plate, Ten Incjhes ($3, $1.50, $1) — First. Mrs. Willard Lyon; second. Fern Cammack ; third, Mrs. J. H. Ramsay. Other Than Named ($3, $2, $1) — First. Fern Cammack; second, Mrs. Wil- lard Lyon; third, Mrs. J. H. Ramsay. AMAT'EUR LIST HAND-PAI?.ITED CHINA. Fernery ($3, $2) — First, Mrs. Willard Lyon; second, Ada B. Gerhart. Best Collection ($6, $4, $2) — First, Mae Goodbarn, Des Moines; second, R. L. Thompson, Des Moines; third, Mrs. Anna E. Shettle, Des Moines. Chocolate Pot ($4, $3, $2) — First, R. L. Thompson; second, Mrs. W. F. Mitchell, Des Moines; third, Frances Miller, Des Moines. Comb and Brush Tray ($3, $2, $1) — First, Frances Miller; second, Mrs. Anna E. Shettle; third. Mrs. C. A. De Water, Des Moines. Perfume Bottle ($2, $1) — First, R. L. Thompson; second, Mrs. Anna E. Shettle. Spoon Tray ($2, $1, $1) — First, Mae Goodbarn; second, Mrs. Anna E. Shettle; third, Mrs. E. H. Dukehart, Des Moines. Tea Pot ($3, $2) — First, R. L. Thompson; second, Mrs. E. H. Dukehart. Plates (Kig^ht Inches or More) Six ($3, $2) — First, Mae Goodbarn; second, Frances Miller. Tete-a-tete Set (Three Pieces) ($3) — First, Mrs. E. H. Dukehart. Bread and Milk Set ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. Anna E. Shettle; second. Mrs. E. H. Dukehart. Relish Set ($1.50) — First, Mrs. Anna E. Shettle. Suffar and Creamer ($3, $2, $1) — First, R. L. Thompson: second, Mae Goodbarn; third, Frances Miller. Loaf Sugar Holder ($1.50, $1) — First, Mrs. E. H. Dukehart; second, Frances Miller. Vase, Over Ten Inches ($4, $3, $2) — First, R. L. Thompson: second, Mrs. E. H. Dukehart; third, Mrs. Anna E. Shettle. Vase, Under Ten Inches ($3, $1.50, $1) — First, Mae Goodbarn; second. Mrs. E. H. Dukehart; third, Mrs. C. T. Frazer. Decorated Tile ($2, $1, $1) — First, Frances Miller; second, Mae Goodbarn; third, Mrs. C. A. De Water. Set Cups and Saucers ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mrs. E. H. Dukehart; second. Frances Miller; third, Mrs. C. A. De Water. Rose Bowl or Flower Holder ($3, $2, $1) — First, R. L. Thompson; second. Mae Goodbarn; third, Frances Miller. Covered Bon-bon ($4, $3, $1.50) — First, Mae Goodbarn; second, R. L. Thompson; third, Frances Miller. Olive Dish ($2, $1, $1) — First, Mae Goodbarn; second, Mrs. E. H. Duke- hart; third, Mrs. W. F. Mitchell. Desk Set ($3) — F'irst, Mrs. Anna E. Shettle. 372 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Marmalade Jar and Plate ($3, $1.50, $1) — First, Frances Miller; second, Mrs. E. H. Dukehart; third, Mrs. Anna E. Shettle. Candlestick ($2, $1, $1) — First, R. L. Thompson; second, Mrs. C. T. Frazer; third, Mrs. C. A. De Water. A'ut Bowl ($3, $1.50, $1) — First. Mae Goodbarn; second, K. L. Thompson; third, Mrs. C. A. De Water. Mayonnaise Bowl ($3, $1.50, $1) — First, Mae Goodbarn; second, R. L. Thompson; third, Mrs. E. H. Dukehart. Pitcher (Water or Lemonade) ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mae Goodbarn; second, R. L. Thompson; third, Frances Miller. Tobacco Jar ($2) — Second, Mrs. Anna E. Shettle. Syrup Pitcher ($2, $1) — First, Mrs. C. T. Frazer; second, Mrs. Anna E. Shettle. Milk Pitcher ($3, $1.50) — First, R. L. Thompson; second, Mae Goodbarn. Tumbler Coasters ($3, $1.50) — First, Frances Miller; second, Mrs. Anna E. Shettle. Guest Room Set ($3, $1.50) — First, Mae Goodbarn; second, Mrs. Anna E. Shettle. Open Bon-bon ($2, $1, $1) — First, R. L. Thompson; second, Mae Good- barn; third, Mrs. E. H. Dukehart. Chop Plate ($3, $1.50, $1) — First, Mae Goodbarn; second, R. I.. Thomp- son; third, Anna E. Shettle. Cake Plate ($3, $1, $1) — First, R. L. Thompson; second, Mae Goodbarn; third, Mrs. E. H. Dukehart. Fernery ($3, $2, $1) — F'irst, Mrs. Anna E. Shettle; second, Mae Goodbarn; third, Mrs. E. H. Dukehart. Bread and Butter Plates (Six Inches) ($3, $2, $1) — First, Mae Goodbarn; second, Frances Miller; third, Mrs. Anna E. Shettle. Fruit Set (Bowl and Six Plates) ($3, $2) — First, Mrs. Anna E. Shettle; second, Mrs. W. F. Mitchell. Other Than Xamed ($3, $1.50, $1) — First, R. L. Thompson; second, Frances Miller; third, Mrs. C. A. De Water. HAND PAINTED CHINA. Vase, Under Twelve Inches ($2) — F'irst, Ruth Ball, Des Moines. Set Bread and Butter Plates ($3) — First, Ruth Ball. Olive or Pickle Dish ($2) — First, Ruth Ball. Open Bon-bon ($2) — First Ruth Ball. Bread or Cake Plate ($2) — First, Ruth Ball. AVater Pitcher ($3) — First, Ruth Ball. Coffee or Tea Pot ($2) — First, Ruth Ball. Set Fruit Plates ($4) — First, Ruth Ball. Sugar and Creamer ($3) — First, Ruth Ball. Candlestick ($2) — First, Ruth Ball. Cup and Saucer ($2) — First, Ruth Ball. Syrup Pitcher ($2) — First, Ruth Ball Other Than Named ($2) — First, Ruth Ball. GRAPHIC AND PLASTIC ARTS. Superintendent Chas. A. Gumming, Des Moines, Iowa. Oil Painting ($80, $50, $40, $30) — First, Catherine Macartney, Iowa City; second, Louise Orwig-, Des Moines; third, Edna Patzig-, Iowa City; fourth, Margaret Hayes, Iowa City. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 373 Water-color Painting- ($40, $25, $20, $15) — First, Kate K. Van Duzee, Dubuque; second, Mary W. Brigham, Des Moines; third, Claude A. Patter- son, Des Moines; fourth, Mrs. Grace Russell, Des Moines. Black and White or Monochrome Drawing ($30, $20, $15, $10) — First, Louise Orwig; second, Lillian Geister, Primghar; third, Kate K. Van Duzee, Dubuque; fourth, Mary W. Brigham. Posters of a Pictorial or Decorative Design ($30, $20, $15, $10) — First, Louise Orwig; second, F'rances Price, Des Moines; third, Harriet Macy, Iowa Falls; fourth, Claude A. Patterson. Collection of Not Less Than Six or More Decorative Designs Other Than Pictorial ($40, $25, $20, $15) — First, Mary W. Brigham; second, Claude A. Patterson; third, Jane Coventry, Des Moines; fourth, Kathryn D. Aurner, Iowa City, JUNIOR DIVISION. Oil Painting ($10) — First, M. Holmes, Des Moines. Water-color Painting ($10) — First, Lily Field, Des Moines. Black and W^hite or Monochrome Drawing ($10, $8, $6) — First, Lily Field; second, Vernon Byers, Elkhart; third, M. Holmes, Des Moines. Collection of Not Less Than Six Original Decorative Desigrns Other Than Pictorial ($10) — First, Lily Field, Des Moines. BABY HEALTH DEPARTMENT. Superintendent Mrs. C. G. Walner, Atlantic, Iowa. Medical, Director Dr. Lenna L. Means, Des Moines, Iowa. The prize winners in the various classes are as follows: RURAL. Boys, ia-24 Months — First, Basil R. Johnson, Prairie City, 97.8; second, Gail Everett Signs, Ira, 95.5; third. Earl Victor Swift, Oilman, 95; fourth, Harold H. Morris, Waukee, 94.9. Boys, 24-36 Months — First, Robert O. Newman, Madrid, 95.8; second, J. E. Hull, Jr., Oskaloosa, 95.4; third. Dale Keith Johnson, Ankeny, 94.4; fourth, Lloyd Dean Miller, Carlisle, 93.6. Girls, 12-24 Months — First, Grace V. Kenbler, Ankeny, 95.1; second, Del- berta J. Olafson, Stanhope, 95; third, lone Woodward, Des Moines, 94.8; fourth, Lois M. Simmerman, Indianola, 94.5. Girls, 24-3G Months — First, Mary Olive Slocum, Minburn, 96; second, Helen M. Hanna, Harvey, 95.5; third, Jean Margaret Clingan, 95.4; fourth, Wilma J. Herron, Guthrie Center, 94.8. CITIES LESS THAN 10,000. Boys, 12-24 Months — First, Leland H. Bradley, Madrid, 96; second, Joe H. Hamilton, Winterset, 95.4; third. Beryl F. Grecian, Washington, 95; fourth, Charles E. Bunse, Valley Junction, 94.5. Boys, 24-36 Months — First, Kendall W. Shepard, Corydon, 93.3; second, Donald W. McHose, Nevada, 92.2; third, Hale N. Hoover, Centerville, 92; fourth, Leonard T. Wood, Valley Junction, 91.9. Girls, 12-24 3Ionth.s — First, Dorothy B. Kramme, Van Meter, 94.4; second, Dorothy Keil, Ankeny, 94.3; third, Marian A. Bobbins, Winterset, 94.2; fourth, lola Belle Miller, Runnells, 94.1. Girls, 24-36 Months — First, LuAnne Stanley, Adel, 96.7; second, Sarah Helen Erwin, Cambridge, 95.1; third, June Clark, Runnells, 94.8; fourth, Helen Darlene Cox, Valley Junction, 94.5. 374 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV CITIES OVER 10,000. Boys, 12-24 Month.s — First, Earl Wm. Olson, Jr., Des Moines, 97.5; sec- ond, Banton H. Van Horn, Des Moines, 96.6; third, Richard Butler Schenk, Des Moines, 96.5; fourth, John Robert Liggett, Des Moines, 96.4; Wayne A. Sprag-ue. Des Moines, 96.4. Boy, 24-36 Months — First, Chester W. Illingsen, 96.2; second, Chester Van McMullen, Des Moines, 95.8; third, "VVm. R. Lawyer, Des Moines, 95.3; fourth, Floyd Penny, Des Moines, 94.7. Girls, 12-24 Months — First, Betty Marie Nail, Des Moines, 95.6; second, Jena Cavanaugh, Des Moines, 95.5; third, Betty Louise Bream, Des Moines, 95.4; fourth, Mildred E. McGrew, Des Moines, 94.9. Girls, 24-36 3Ionths — First, Virginia Mary Clouse, Des Moines, 96.3; second, Virginia Eleanor Agrell, Des Moines, 95.9; third, Elizabeth J. Davis, Des Moines, 95.8; fourth, Kathryn D. Purdy, Ottumwa, 95.5. Sweepstake Boy, 12-36 Months — Basil R. Johnston, Prairie City, 97.8. Sweepstake Girl, 12-36 Months — LuAnne Stanley, Adel, 96.7. IMPROVEMENT CLASS. Rural. Boys, 24-36 Months. Score Gain First, J. E. Hull. Jr., Oskaloosa 95.4 5.1 Second, Harry F. Alexander, Indianola 93.5 3.8 Third, Leland R. Cahow, Greenfield 92.8 2.3 Fourth, Lloyd Dean Miller, Carlisle 93.2 .3 Girls, 24-36 Months. Score Gain First, Mary Riggenberg, Ankeny 94.4 4.9 Second, Patricia J. Freberg, Des Moines 91.9 4.7 Third, Jean M. Clingan 95.4 2.6 Fourth, Mary McKee, Carlisle 92.7 1.8 Cities Less Than 10,000. Boys, 24-36 Months. Score Gain First, Donald W. McHose, Nevada 92.9 1.1 Girls, 24-36 Months. Score Gain First, LuAnne Stanley, Adel 96.7 10.1 Second, Sarah H. Erwin, Cambridge 95.1 3.3 Third, Ruth L. Iverson, Stanhope 91.3 2.5 Cities Over 10,000. Boys, 24-36 Months. Score Gain First, Geo. Allan Day, Des Moines 91.0 1.4 Second, Wm. R. Lawyer, Des Moines 95.3 1.1 Third, James W. Ellingsen 96.2 1.0 James F. Olds, Des Moines 93.2 1.0 Fourth Jack E. Spangler Des Moines 91.6 .6 Girls, 24-36 Months. Score Gain First, Jean M. Davis, Des Moines 94.9 6.5 Second, Elizabeth Lou Austin, Des Moines 94.6 5.9 Third, Mary E. Boyd, Des Moines 88.5 5.4 Fourth, Pauline E. Gross, Des Moines 94.1 5.0 AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 375 Championships. Boy Sho\Ting Greatest Improvenient Over Last Year. Score Gain J. E. Hull. Jr., Oskaloosa 95.4 5.1 Girl Shoiving Greatest Imiirovement Over Last Year. Score Gain LuAnne' Stanley. Adel 96.7 10.1 STATE SPELLING CONTEST. Conductor A. L. Heminger, Des Moines. Iowa. First, $25 and Gold Medal; second, $15 and Silver Medal; third to eighteenth inclusive, $10 each — First, Marian Meyer, Calmar; second, Blanche F'razier, Wall Lake; third, Leona Wallace, Wick; fourth, Wynette Long-mire. De Soto; fifth, Esther Fenney, Northwood; sixth, Donald Ur- batch, Swaledale; seventh. Lucille McAllister, Palo; eighth, Gertrude Van- der Pol, Sully; ninth. Hazel Goranson, Emmetsburg; tenth, Catherine Bowers, Brooklyn; eleventh, Nina Avise, Bondurant; twelfth, Florence Ireland, Jefferson County; thirteenth, Nellie M. Rath, Ames; fourteenth, Ona Green. University Park; fifteenth, Helen Broderick, Peosta; sixteenth, Florence Chubick, Griswold; seventeenth, Ruth Montgomery, Promise City; eighteenth, Louise Horns, Boone. STATE HORSESHOE PITCHING TOURNAMENT. Superintendent Tom Fogarty, Des Moines, Iowa. Championship team, $100 and Silver Loving Cup; second, $50; third, $40; fourth, $30; fifth, $25; sixth, $20; seventh, $20; eighth $15 — First, Ringgold County. Hanford E. Jackson and Carroll E. Jackson, Kellerton; second, Poweshiek County, Dave McKeag and Francis Hunting; third, Polk County, Fred Ashley and Abner McConkey; fourth, Iowa County, Chas. L. Voekel and R. C. Knipfer; fifth, Dallas County, Grover Mericle and Ben Mericle; sixth, Pocahontas County, Geo. Segar and Wm. Prendergast; seventh, Tama County. Ralph Rider and H. J. Williams; eighth, Warren County, Forest Wright and Arleigh McGuire. Individual Champion ($50 and Medal) — Frank C. Jackson, Kellerton. Iowa. JUNIOR DEPARTMENT. Judge F. G. Churchill, Ames. Iowa. CORN. Ten Ears White Corn (1920 Crop) ($5, $4, $3, $2, $1) — First, E. T. Mere- dith, Jr., Des Moines; second, Emmett Rinker, Beaver; third, Wm. Chikok. Keokuk; fourth. Ernest Pettinger, Creston; fifth, Everett Blum. Glidden. Ten Ears Yellow Corn ($5, $4. $3, $2, $1) — First, Willard Steenwyk. Mitchellville; second. Wayne Taylor, Mitchellville; third, Leland Taylor. Mitchellville; fourth, Howard Stevenson, Mitchellville; fifth, Gerald Lieber- ling, Mitchellville. APPLES. Judge W. J. Kocken, Ames, Iowa. Exhibit must consist of a plate collection of five apples to the plate, at least six varieties. Duplicate plates count one-half. First ($12) — Van Buren County Farm Bureau; second ($8), Roland Spray- ing Club. 376 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV "Wealthy ($1.25, 75c) — First, Wm. Strait, Keosauqua; second, Keith Hol- comb, Douds. Grimes Golden ($1.25, 75c) — First, Wm. Strait; second, Bruce Strait. Jonathan ($1.25, 75c) — First, Wm. Strait; second, Bruce Strait. Northwestern Greening ($1.25) — First, Roland Spraying Club. Winesap ($1.25, 75c) — First, Roland Spraying- Club; second, Bruce Strait. Ben Davis ($1.25, 75c, 50c) — First, ^Vm. Strait; second, Bruce Strait; third, Keith Holcomb. Any Variety IVot Listed ($1.25, 75c) — First, Bruce Strait; second, Wm. Strait, GARDEN EXHIBIT. Judge C. V. Holsinger, Ames, Iowa. Water Color Posters. Club Display of Six Posters Entered In the Name of the Club By the Club Leader ($4) — Second, Lee County, Torrence School, Keokuk. Pictures Cut Out and Pasted For Poster. Club Display of Six Posters Entered In the Name of the Club By the Club Leader ($5, $4, $3, $2) — First, Lee County, Wells School, Keokuk; second, Polk County, Richard Jones, Des Moines; third, Lee County, Washington School, Keokuk; fourth, Lee County, Jefferson School, Keokuk. Water Color Poster By Individual Club Member $2. $1.50, $1.25. $1,17, $1, $1, $1) — First. Edna May Casey, Keokuk; second, Albert Forest, Keo- kuk; third, Floyd Crosby, Keokuk; fourth, Carl Richards, Keokuk; fifth, Manan TVilliamson, Keokuk; sixth, Julia Foulkes, Keokuk; seventh, Charles Holbrook, Keokuk; eighth, Ottumwa Garden Club. Pictures Cut Out and Pasted By Club Members ($2, $1.50, $1.25, $1, $1, $1, $1, $1) — First, Wilma Morrison, Keokuk; second, Edgar Redman, Keokuk; third, Leta Brooks, Keokuk; fourth, Laura Inman, Keokuk; fifth, Ella Hagerly, Keokuk; sixth, Margaret Gregg, Keokuk; seventh, Chas. Thomp- son, Keokuk; eighth, Dorothy Shuler, Keokuk. ClubJDisplay of Vegetables Entered In the Name of the Club Leader ($12, $10, $5, $3, $2, $2)— First, Polk County, Rice School, Des Moines; second, Ottumwa Garden Club; third, Keokuk Garden Club; fourth. East High School; fifth, Willard School, Des Moines; sixth, Frisbie School, Des Moines. Display of Vegetables By Individual. Award Based Upon AVinnings In Posters and Vegetable Display ($7, $5. $3, $2, $1, $1, $1, $1) — First. Leland Anderson, Des Moines; second, Leo Abramson, Des Moines; third, Gwyneth Reed, Des Moines; fourth. Ruby Watson, Keokuk; fifth, Ottumwa Grade Club; sixth, Thomas Taylor, Des Moines; seventh, Richard Jones, Des Moines; eighth, Thelma Reed, Des Moines. Plate of Six Beets ($1.25, $1, 50c) — First, Beulah Bishop, Des Moines; second, Leland Anderson, Des Moines; third, Ottumwa Garden Club. Plate of Dry White Beans ($1.25, $1, 50c)— First, Bomba Taylor, Des Moines; second, Thomas Taylor, Des Moines; third, Lee Royce, Des Moines. Plate of Other Dry Beans ($1.25, $1, 50c) — First, Leland Anderson, Des Moines; second, Leo Abramson, Des Moines; third, Richard Jones, Des Moines. Plate of String Beans ($1.25, $1, 50c) — First, Zanah Moore, Des Moines; second, Margie Cox, Keokuk; third, Elmer Edmunds, Ottumwa. Head of Cabbage ($1.25, $1, 50c)— First, Leo Abramson, Des Moines; sec- ond, Leland Anderson,. Des Moines; third, Thomas Taylor, Des Moines. Cucumbers (Slicing) Three or Five ($1.25, $1 50c) — First, Leland Ander- son, Des Moines; second, Erma Reed, Des Moines; third, Leo Abramson, Des Moines. AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 377 Cucumbers (Ripe) ($1.25, $1, 50c) — First, Leland Anderson, Des Moines; second, Geo. Jordan, Des Moines ;third, Thomas Taylor, Des Moines. Plate of Six Carrots ($1.25, $1, 50c) — First, Leo Abramson, Des Moines; second, Harry Eljenwood, Des Moines; third, Carl Boylan, Des Moines. Pop Corn (Six Ears) ($1.25, $1, 50c) — First, Leo Abramson, Des Moines; second, O. N. Daily, Des Moines; third, Morris Biddle, Des Moines. Sweet Corn (Six Ears) ($1.25, $1, 50c) — First, Morris Biddle, Des Moines; second, Gwyneth Reed, Des Moines; third, Leland Anderson, Des Moines. Egrg Plant ($1.25, $1, 50c) — First, Richard Jones, Des Moines; second, Gwyneth Reed, Des Moines; third, Edith Quick, Keokuk. Plate of Six Onions (A\Tiite) ($1.25, $1, 50c) — First, Thomas Vest, Des Moines; second, Leland Anderson, Des Moines; third, Gwyneth Reed, Des Moines. Plate of Six Onions (Reil) ($1.25, $1, 50c) — First, Leland Anderson, Des Moines; second, Ruby Watson, Keokuk; third, Thelma Reed, Des Moines. Plate of Six Onions (Yellow) ($1.25, $1, 50c) — First, Ottumwa Grade Club; second, Leland Anderson, Des Moines; third, Lydia Bender, Keokuk. Parsnips, Plate of Six ($1.25, $1, 50c) — First, Leland Anderson, Des Moines; second, Donald Bunkman, Des Moines; third, Ottumwa Grade Club. Peppei-s, Red, Four Specimens ($1.25, $1, 50c) — First, Thomas Taylor, Des Moines; second, Richard Jones, Des Moines; third, Bomba Taylor, Des Moines. Peppers, Green, Four Specimens ($1.25, $1, 50c) — First, Robert Heifner, Des Moines; second, Gwyneth Reed, Des Moines; third, Thelma Reed, Des Moines. Pumpkins ($1.25, $1, 50c) — First, Ottumwa Grade Club; second, Don Sloan, Des Moines; third, Gwyneth Reed, Des Moines. Plate of Six Potatoes, Early Ohios ($1.25, $1, 50c) — First, O. N. Dailey, Des Moines; second, Leo Abramson, Des Moines; third, Robert Laijeck, Keokuk. Plate of Any Other Variety ($1.25, $1) — First, Eunice HufEord, Des Moines; second, Thomas Taylor, Des Moines. Plate of Dry Peas ($1.25, $1, 50c) — First, Leland Anderson; second, Leo Abramson; third, Ottumwa Garden Club. Squash, Des Moines Queen (Three) ($1.25, $1, 50c) — First, Thomas Taylor, Des Moines; second, Leland Anderson, Des Moines; third, George Jordan, Des Moines. Squash, Hubbard ($1.25, $1) — First, Thelma Reed, Des Moines; second, Erma Reed, Des Moines. Plate of Six Tomatoes (Red) ($1.25, $1, 50c) — First, Leo Abramson, Des Moines; second, Thelma Reed, Des Moines; third, Leland Anderson, Des Moines. Plate of Six Tomatoes (Pink) ($1.25, $1) — First, Richard Jones, Des Moines; second, Leland Anderson, Des Moines. Plate of Six Tomatoes (Yellow) ($1.25, $1, 50c) — First, Gwyneth Reed, Des Moines; second, Leland Anderson, Des Moines; third, Erma Reed, Des Moines. Plate of Six Turnips ($1.25, $1, 50c) — First, Ottumwa Garden Club; sec- ond, Willie Bloom, Ottumwa; third, George Jordan, Des Moines. FARM RECORDS. Farm Business Records (Entire Year) ($7, $5, $3, $2, $2, $2,) — First, Harlan Heath, Missouri Valley; second, Carl Peterson, Missouri Valley; third, Wilbur Epperson, Missouri Valley; fourth, Dwight Jones, Missouri Valley; fifth, Norman Fonts, Missouri Valley; sixth, Harry Acrea, Missouri Valley. Farm Business Records (Seven Months) ($5, $4, $3, $2, $2, $1, $1) — First, 378 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART IV Richard Brownlee. Shannon City; second. Wm. Flemming, Shannon City; third, Geo. H. Spicer, Benton; fourth, Chester Breckenridgre, Tingley; fifth, Geo. Kester, Tingley; sixth, Helen Buck; seventh, Elmer Thorngren, Box- holm. Best Individual Exhibit of Club AVork By Any Member of Iowa Boys and Girls' Clubs ($5) — First, Mahaska County Club. Best Exhibit From Any Club Group, Consisting^ of Written Account of Work In Booklet Form, Photographs and Samples of Any Work Done ($10) — First, Mahaska County Club. CANNED PRODUCTS. County Club Exhibit of 12 Jars of Canned Fruits ($10, $8. $6, $5, $3, $2, |2, $2, $2, $2) — First, Pottawattamie County Club; second, Mahaska County Club; third, Pottawattamie County Club; fourth, Mahaska County Club; fifth, Buchanan County Canning- Club; sixth, Woodbury County Canning Club; seventh, ^Yankee Wide Awakes; eighth, Polk County Canning Club, Grimes; ninth. Wild Rose Canning Club, Winterset; tenth, Marshall County Home Economics Canning Club, Marshalltown. County Club Exhibit of 12 Jars of Canned Vegetables ($10, $8, $6, $5, $3. $2, $2. $2, $2, $2) — First, Pottawattamie County Club; second, Mahaska County Club; third, Polk County Canning Club, Grimes; fourth, Mahaska County Club; fifth, Woodbury County Canning Club; sixth. Wild Rose Canning Club; seventh, Marshall County Home Economics Canning Club; eighth, Polk County Canning Club, Grimes; ninth, Buchanan County Can- ning Club, Independence; tenth, Polk County Canning Club, Grimes. County Club Exhibit of 12 Jars of Canned Meats ($10, $8, $6, $5, $3, $2, $2, $2) — First, Mahaska County Club; second, Mahaska County Club; third, Marshall County Home Economics Club; fourth, Polk County Canning Club; fifth, Polk County Canning Club, Grimes; sixth, Polk County Canning Club, Grimes; seventh, Pottawattamie County Club; eighth, Benton County Canning Club. County Collection of 6 Jars Canned Goods W^hich W'ould Make a Well Balanced Meal. Have Menu Attached. ($10, $8, $6, $5, $3, $2, $2, $2)— First, Marshall County Home Economics Club; second, Wild Rose Canning Club; third, Polk County Canning Club, Grimes; fourth, Bremer County Canning Club; fifth, Polk County Canning Club, Grimes; sixth, Mahaska County Club; seventh, Polk County Canning Club, Grimes; eighth, Pottawattamie County Club. County Collection of G Jars of Canned Iowa Corn ($10, $8, $6, $5, $3, $2) — First, Mahaska County Club; second, Polk County Canning Club; third, Polk County Canning Club; fourth, Marshall County Home Economics Club; fifth, Polk County Canning Club; sixth, Polk County Canning Club. One Jar of Canned Sausag-e ($3) — First, Polk County Canning Club. One Jar of Canned Soup ($3, $2, $2, $1, $1) — First, Pottawattamie County Canning Club; second, Pottawattamie County Canning Club; third, Potta- wattamie County Canning Club; fourth, Polk County Canning Club; fifth, Polk County Canning Club. One Jar of Canned Strawberries ($3, $2, $2, $1, $1) — First, Pottawattamie County Canning Club; second, Pottawattamie County Canning Club; third, Waukee Wide Awakes; fourth, Polk County Canning Club; fifth, Polk County Canning Club. SEWING AND GARMENT WORK. Cotton School Dress, Suitable For a Tall, Thin Girl ($5, $3, $2, $2, $2, $1, $1) — First, Pottawattamie County Sewing Club; second, Cass County Sew- ing Club; third, Scott County Sewing Club; fourth. Page County Sewing Club; fifth, Scott County Sewing Club; sixth, Scott County Sewing Club; seventh, Pottawattamie County Sewing Club. Cotton School Dress, Suitable For Short, Very Stout Girl ($5, $3. $2, $2, $2, AWARDS IOWA STATE FAIR 379 $1, $1) — First and second, Scott County Sewing- Club; third. Pottawattamie County Sewing Club; fourth, Scott County Sewing- Club; fifth, Jefferson County Sewing Club; sixth, Poweshiek County Sewing Club; seventh, Mahaska County Sewing Club. Cotton School Dress, Suitable For An Auburn Haired, Blue Eyed, Fair Skinned Girl ($5, $3, $2, $2, $2, $1, $1) — First, Mahaska County Club; sec- ond, Scott County Sewing Club; third, Scott County Club; fourth, Powe- shiek County Club; fifth, Scott County Sewing Club; sixth, Mahaska Coun- ty Club; seventh, Poweshiek County Club. Party Dress For Girl Between 10 and 19 Years of Age ($6, $4, $3, $2. $2) — First, Scott County Sewing Club; second, Poweshiek County Club; third, Scott County Club; fourth, Poweshiek County Club; fifth, Scott County Sewing Club. Set of Three Pieces of Underwear, Suitable For Girls of 13 Years of Age or Under (May Be Work of More Than One Club Member) (.$5, $4, $3, $2, $2, ^2) — First, Scott County Sewing Club; second, Pottawattamie County Sew- ing Club; fourth, Scott County Sewing Club; fifth, Pottawattamie County Sewing Club; sixth, Woodbury County Sewing Club. Set of Three Pieces of Underwear, Suitable For Girls 16 Years of Age or Over (May Be Work of More Than One Club Member) ($5, $4, $3, $2, $2, $2, $2) — First, Scott County Club; second, Poweshiek County Club; third, Pottawattamie County Club; fourth, Butler County Sewing Club; fifth, Wright County Sewing Club; sixth, Mahaska County Sewing Club; seventh, Pottawattamie County Sewing Club. Set of Six Middies Showing Variation of One Middy Pattern (May Be Work of More Than One Club Member) ($7, $5, $4, $3, $3) — First, Marshall County Sewing Club; second, Scott County Sewing Club; third, Pottawat- tamie County Sewing Club; fourth, Scott County Sewing Club; fifth, Powe- shiek County Sewing Club. Child's Dress, Made By Using Se-wing Machine Attachments Almost En- tirely ($3, $2, $2, $2, $2, $1, $1) — First, Scott County Sewing Club; second, Mahaska County Sewing Club; third, Scott County Sewing Club; fourth, Mahaska County; fifth, Pottawattamie County Sewing Club; sixth, Jefferson County Sewing Club; seventh, Pottawattamie County Sewing Club. Attractive Aprons, One Made By Hand, One By Machine With Length of Time Stated (Aprons 3Iust Be of Same Size, Material and Pattern) (.$3, $2, $2, $2) — First, Scott County Sewing Club; second, Scott County Sewing Club; third, Scott County Sewing Club; fourth, Woodbury County Sewing Club. Exhibit of Sewing, Consisting of An Outfit For a Girl of Club Age, Con- sisting of Two Pieces of Under^vear, Two Outer Garments and a Descrip- tion of Girl Who Could Wear Same ($5, $3, $2, $2, $2, $2, $2) — First, Scott County Club; second, Pottawattamie County Sewing Club; third, Powe- shiek County Sewing Club; fourth, Marshall County Club; fifth, Powe- shiek County Club; sixth, Poweshiek County Club; seventh, Woodbury County Sewing Club. A Set of Three Silhouettes, Two Showing Artistic Hair Dress, One In- artistic, For Club Girls ($3, $2. $2, $1, $1) — First, Woodbury County Club: second, Pottawattamie County Club; third, Scott County Club; fourth, Mahaska County Club; fifth, Cass County Club. One Poster Showing Proper anLEMS 1. Prepared laws passed by Thirty-ninth General Assembly which (a) Legalized "Collective Bargaining." (b) Provided for incorporating of "non-profit, non-stock" cooper- ative associations. (c) Provided for bonded warehouses in Iowa. 2. Gave $10,000.00 toward financing work of Grain Marketing Com- mittee of Seventeen. 3. Gave $6,500.00 toward Livestock Marketing Committee of Fifteen work. IV. CREDIT AND FINANCING 1. Prepared and secured enactment of a law providing for the forma- tion of a farm credits corporation which will enable farmers to ■ REPORT OF IOWA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION 393 secure the long-time credit which they need, at a reasonable rate of interest. 2. Counselled with the officials of the Federal Reserve banks result- ing in the continuation of credit to farmers even after the policy of calling in all loans had been adopted. V. TAXATION The I. F. B. F. 1. Secured information from various sources at considerable expense which was used before the State Executive Council for the pur- pose of reducing land values to a 1919 taxation basis for the 1921 assessments. Professor Brindley of the Iowa State College makes the statement: "The Farm Bureau Federation had the first rep- resentatives of the land owners to appear before the State Execu- tive Council. Never before have the farmers' interests in this line been supervised before this body." 2. Secured the equalization of valuations of the various classes of livestock over the State. 3. Directed the County Farm Bureaus' Taxation Committees in ap- pearing before the County Assessors and Boards of Supervisors to see that all local assessments were properly equalized. 4. The attorney of the I. F. B. F. represented the farmers' interests of Iowa in the hearings before the Federal Court in the injunction suit brought by the railroads. VI. TRANSPORTATIOX The principal activities in transportation matters have been: 1. Secured passage of the spur track bill, which gives Board of Rail- road Commissions power to require railroads to provide spur tracks and grant sites where evidence is produced that the same is needed. 2. Secretary Cunningham appeared before the Interstate Commerce Commission at Washington in hearing for lower grain rates. Mr. Nourse also appeared. They read into the records the Cost of Production figures. 3. Presented the cases of local shipping associations and elevators before the officials of railroads so that improvement in operating service, repairing and enlarging stock yard equipment, etc., has been brought about. 4. Relieved the car shortage situation at times when local stations were unable to secure relief by conferring especially with the higher officials of the railroads when local agent was unable to get results. 5. Has appeared at all important hearings before the (State) Com- merce Counsel looking toward better service and reduction and readjustment of freight rates. 6. Has helped to secure sites for elevators, warehouses, scales, etc., when local organizations were unable to get results. 394 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART V VII. COST OF PRODUCTION One of the most valuable lines of work conducted by the I. F. B. F. has been to accurately determine the cost of production on farms in Iowa. As to the real value of these figures, Secretary Coverdale of the Ameri- can Federation, has stated that this was one of the best pieces of work done anywhere in the United States since the consuming public knows that the farmer is not a "profiteer," and also farmers realize their own personal situation and can govern themselves accordingly. The I. F. B. F. has used these figures: 1. For general publication in every newspaper or agricultural journal or any publication that w^anted to use them. 2. Before the Executive Council in considering taxation. 3. Before the Interstate Commerce Commission, Washington, D. C, in asking for lower freight rates. Their particular value to farmers is because the average farmer is not in a position to go into the detail required, though he could help very materially in keeping the standard farm business record account book, and also in keeping special enterprise records, like the cost of producing some one particular crop on his own farm. VIII. PROTECTIVE IMEASURES The following protective measures were enacted into laws by the last legislature: 1. Pure seed law known as the "uniform seed law," so that Iowa farm- ers have protection against buying seeds which contain obnoxious and unlawful weed seed. 2. Anti-hog cholera serum regulation law, which provides for the bonding of dealers in serum and requires manufacturers to publish on the containers the cost price of the serum, and thereby prevent- ing the undesirable practice of "rebating." 3. Provide for county vaccinating schools so that farmers can take instructions and examinations in their local counties in order to secure permits to vaccinate their own hogs against hog cholera. 4. Has discouraged the buying of blue sky stock by requiring com- panies to submit answers to an analyzing questionnaire, and helped to get the blue sky law passed in the last session of the legislature. IX. AGRICULTURAI. STATISTICS The I. F. B. F. sponsored the enactment of a law for the purpose of gathering of statistics by the assessors and providing for the assembling and dissemination of them for the entire State a short time after the assessor's work is complete. Thus accurate information as to the amount of grain and livestock on farms is available for all the people and not for any particular class as has often been the condition existing in the past. X. PUBLICITY The publicity activities of the I. F. B. F.: 1. It has published monthly the Messenger and sent the same to every member so that they could be familiar with the activities and de- velopment. REPORT OF IOWA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION 395 2. Has prepared timely newy articles and sent them to local newspa- pers whenever there was "news" deserving general publication. 3. Has provided agricultural journals with information concerning the activities and undertakings of the organization. 4. Carried the work of the Farm Bureau to thousands of people through the many hundreds of public meetings held throughout the State at which times Federation speakers appeared. XI. SOURCE OF I. F. B. F. FUNDS Question: Whose money from Iowa was used in financing the Commit- tee of Seventeen and the Committee of Fifteen work? Answer: Only that contributed by the I. F. B. F. Question: Did this money come from taxation sources? Answer: Absolutely no. The Federation is supported by a fifty cent (50c) membership dues that is paid directly by the County Farm Bureaus out of the individual members dues. The Federation has never received any funds from any source other than individual Farm Bureau members. XII. AFFILIATIONS AND PURPOSES Question: Is the I. F. B. F. affiliated with any other organizations? Answer: No, the I. F. B. F. is not in any way attempting to tie up with other organizations of any character. Its membership is open to all bona fide farmers whose views are governed by only high ideals and look upon agriculture as a permanent business. Further, the organziation has no political or sectarian affiliations, and every member has a voice in its proceedings. Its activities are broad enough to cover every agricultural line of endeavor. It is not limited in its scope of usefulness nor breadth of vision. It can and does go over the whole field of agriculture. It in- vites the hearty cooperation of all agricultural and industrial organiza- tions and stands ready to lend aid and support to any organization that has for its purpose the welfare of agriculture. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR 1922 1. Recommend that U. S. Grain Growers as now being organized be en- couraged and cooperative assistance be given in this work wherever pos- sible in carrying out its plans in this State. 2. Recommend that special emphasis be placed upon the work of devel- oping and making effective the plan of the National Live Stock Producers' Association during the coming year. 3. Recommend that a committee be appointed to study the question of taxation from the standpoint of State levies and expenditures as a guid- ance in determining the need of further legislation. Also recommend that each County Farm Bureau adopt as a part of its program of work a study of county and township taxation in order that intelligent understanding may be had as to receipts and expenditures of all public funds in the county with a view of bringing about such changes as will tend to reduce taxation to a minimum. 4. Recommend that a committee be appointed to outline a plan for a state-wide farm-to-market road system, and that the committee make a thorough investigation of the subject and invite other farm organizations 396 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART V aud leading farmers and taxpayers inlo tlieir council in order UiaL public sentiment may be crystalized upon some practical road plan that will give the State a system of roads at reasonable cost. We recommend that emphasis be placed upon the secondary road system and the following phases of the subject should be emphasized: (a) That the farm-to-market road shall be well drained, well graded, and (when approved by the taxpayers) gravelled. (b) That all secondary county roads shall be constructed and main- tained under the authority of the county boards. (c) That a portion of the automobile license shall be retained by the counties for use on the secondary road system. 5. Recommend that the corn acreage reduction, if adopted, be handled through the County Farm Bureau Committees in each county. The policy to be followed to be outlined by the Executive Committee of the Federa- tion in order that the plan may be uniform throughout the State. 6. Recommend that the convention, so far as possible, outline to the Executive Committee its desire in regard to the extent the State Federa- tion should go in advocating and encouraging National legislation and other national problems of agriculture beyond its present policy of work- ing with and through the American Farm Bureau Federation. ADDRESS OF GOVERNOR N. E. KENDALL Mr. Chairman; Ladies and Gentlemen: I was in Washington for three days in the month of December, and at a dinner attended by all of the congressional delegation, I undertook to detail to them the deplorable plight of agriculture in Iowa. I know I have been criticized somewhat because I haven't maintained a more optimistic view of the situation. I go occasionally to dinners and banquets where some well-dressed men from the east delivers an address after a very full meal when men are more inclined to be optimistic than at other times, and he tells us that we are past the worst, that we are out of the depression and just ahead of us is the promised land. I wish I could believe that, but I know the situation in Iowa and I know that the agricultural interests of this state have got to have relief, and they have got to have it now. I spent two hours trying to impress upon our delegation at Washington the conditions which prevail in Iowa; that men who have been regarded as solvent all through the years that have passed are now in straightened circumstances. My friends, we mine a little in Iowa, we manufacture con- siderably, but our basic industry is agriculture, and the stress through which we are now going doesn't merely involve agriculture, it involves every legitimate business in our state — manufacturing, mining, jobbing, wholesaling — everything is dependent upon the industry in which you are engaged, and I say that there can be no permanent prosperity in the Mis- sissippi valley until those who produce food commodities are enabled to market them at a reasonable margin of profit. So that it is not a question entirely of farm profits. I heard a man say the other night that the farmers enjoyed fabulous prices during the W^orld REPORT OF IOWA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION 397 War and that now tlie}^ must take tlie consequences of the depression. That is a superficial view, it is a fallacy. I grant that during the war, measured in money — mark what I say, if you please! During the war, measured in money, the prices of farm products were high, but measured in things that the farmer had to buy they were not relatively high. Dur- ing that great period of strain, while the manpower on the farms was de- preciated 45 per cent because the patriotic boys in agriculture went to war, while it was depreciated 45 per cent, under the injunction of work and produce, we increased the production more than 29 per cent — a mag- nificent tribute to the fidelity and patriotism of the men and women en- gaged in agriculture in our state. Now we have fallen upon perilous times. Taxes are inordinately high. I got a letter from an old man the other day. It is not a singular letter; it is a typical letter. He said that thirty-five years ago he and his young wife went out to one of the counties of northern Iowa — everything was a wild prairie, no telephones, no rail- roads, no electric light plants, no rural mail delivery, nothing but a vast expanse of unimproved country. They bought a little piece of land there and settled, he and his wife. After a while a baby came. They bought more land, and then another baby came, and then another and another — five in all, and he acquired a modest competence because of his integrity and frugality throughout the thirty-five years. As the children grew up he gave them an education, and one by one they married and left, and finally the old man and lady found themselves possessed of 208 acres of land as they approached the twilight of life. Active operation of the farm was impossible for them s*o they concluded to rent their farm and enjoy the proceeds for the remainder of their days. They rented it for five dollars an acre. The farm lay within a consolidated school district and within the zone affected by one of these great highways that had been improved, and while his rent was five dollars an acre, his taxes were five dollars an acre also, and he asked me what he should do. Well, there wasn't anything for him to do excepting impair the principal that he has been for thirty-five years laborously assembling. That man had made all the contribution to society that any man should be asked to make. He had devoted a lifetime to developing a farm; he had estab- lished a home; he had supported a church; he had reared up a family of splendid citizens for our country, and he comes now after all these years to a time when his property will not yield him revenue sufficient to pro- vide for his simple and frugal wants. That is simply a typical case. Our taxes have grown to be an inordinate burden upon our people, and they must be reduced. We have got to have different principles from those we have heretofore accepted. During the war we became intoxicated with the insanity of extravagance, and that applies to you men and women who sit before me as well, — in the nation, in the state, in the county, in the school district, and in the individual. We have 480,000 automobiles in this state. I estimate that on an aver- age $100 a year is spent on each for useless traveling, joy-riding, visiting that we might better devote to the reading of good books. That means approximately 50 million dollars annually that might be saved with proper 398 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART V prudence, and we liave got to re-establish the old principles of economy which characterized the men who made this great state in our land. When I was in conference down at Washington, some of the congress- men there — not alone from Iowa, but some to whom I had written who I had known when I was in congress myself — I thought displayed a little impatience with me for writing so much. They said "You have given a lot of free advice," and I said "Yes, since I have quit practicing law, my advice is free to everybody." And they continued "You have been talking about the deplorable conditions in Iowa and elsewhere — what would you do if you were here?" and I replied "That is a fair question, and I don't intend to try to shirk it." "What would you do for the relief of agricul- ture if you were in congress and had the responsibility," they inquired, "Well," I said, "That is a fair question and I am going to undertake to answer it. In the first place, I would bring all the pressure in the govern- ment to bear toward a reduction of freight rates in the United States. Everybody concedes that they are extortionate at this time and they are having the effect on the farmer to throttle his market, and the business- man to impede his trade, and on the manufacturer to close down his shop." Why, twenty years ago nobody would have expected that the time would ever come when the great carrier corporations of our country would exact such tribute as they are now receiving. Well, I must pass from freight rates. One of the congressmen down there said "What further?" I said "We have 120-million bushels of sur- plus corn in Iowa — old corn — corn of 1919 and 1920. I agree that we ought to have sold it, but we didn't sell it. Some of us were offered $1.70 a bushel for it and we thought maybe it would go to $2.00 and we held on; others couldn't get freight cars to ship it. Anyhow, there is 120 million bushels of old corn there. The foreign governments owe the United States 1 billion 250 million dollars of accrued interest on loans we made them during the war," and I said, "If I were running this thing I would collect one-half of the interest due us on foreign loans; I would come out to the Mississippi valley and would buy every bushel of corn here at 50 cents a bushel, ship it to Armenia and give it to the starving people of the world." Why not? There isn't a week goes by that somebody doesn't appeal to your generosity out of your private fund to relieve distress some place in the world, and we have got to do it as humanitarian people, so let's do it in the manner suggested and save the starving babes and at the same time create a market for the products of the farm. Let me say this to you, our situation here will not be substantially or permanently relieved merely by the extension of credit. This is not a question exclusively of credits. Wliat we want is not some arrangement made by which we can borrow money from Peter to pay Paul. What we want is a condition cre- ated whereby we can sell what we have produced at a fair profit and liquidate old debts, instead of incurring new debts. That is what we want in Iowa. "Well," one of those congressmen (not from Iowa, however) said, "That's pure paternalism." And I replied, "What is section 15-a of the transportation act except paternalism? We selected one industry in that act, and," I said, "no matter how prostrate agriculture is, no matter how universal unemployment is, this industry must have 6 per cent on an inflated investment —what is that but paternalism?" REPORT OF IOWA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION 399 You ought to take action in these matters, and you ought to let the congress at Washington know how you feel upon these vital subjects that affect your prosperity. Let the government collect the interest. If Great Britain can maintain an elaborate royal family at an expense to the tax- payers of 9 million dollars a year, with castles and estates and all those things that go with royalty, then it ought to be able to pay us the interest on what it borrowed from us. And when that interest is paid we can re- lieve a desperate situation yonder in the Orient and we can make our farmers' situation in the Mississippi valley easier, and when the farmers get to selling their produce at a fair margin of profit, the wheels of in- dustry will begin to revolve as in former times. We have got to have a market, and right away, unless we expect to see disaster more acute than it has been up to this time. Paternalism? Yes, it is paternalism, but in ordinary times rational minds will discountenance it, but these are not ordinary times. We are passing through desperate times, and if we can send 20 million bushels of corn to relieve starving Russia, if we can make these fabulous contributions of public moneys to relieve people five thousand miles away, can we not make something to relieve the men and women in this country to influence the return of prosperity to this country? We talked to the farmers for years "Work and produce," "Work and produce," "Work and produce," — a slogan that took hold of everybody's imagination, but farmers are just like other people, actuated by impulses just like other people, and are they going to work and produce unless that production shall result In a profit? I heard men advise the burning of corn and the restricting of acreage next year. I don't know what your views may be, and I am not going to conceal what mine are. I am a plain man and I speak what I believe. Whether you agree with me, or not, I say this, when three or four hundred millions of people are starving to death — your brothers and mine under the spiritual law — when those people are starving to death, the idea of restricting or destroying a food commodity is repugnant to me. There is some other method by which we can bring relief. Well, I said another thing. We have started now with the War Finance Corporation, and I hope it may result in great benefits. I am a little appre- hensive that the conditions are too oppressive to make that relief uni- versal and general. I said to these men down there "Here is the Federal Reserve Bank law, the basic law. If I were in congress I would introduce a bill to take from that law that clause which prohibits the government from dealing directly with the borrower." Take South Dakota up here, if you please. They have a rural credits law there, operated splendidly, and we must have one in Iowa. We started on one last winter, but there were influences too powerful . Here is another plan that is worthy of consideration, and I hope you may consider all of the things I have said. Suppose that the United States government should announce that it would establish a dozen ware- houses in Iowa and that it would issue warehouse receipts for 50 cents a bushel for every bushel of corn deposited there, those warehouse receipts to be the basis of credit with the government of the United States. There would not have to be a bushel of corn deposited in those warehouses be- 400 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART V cause whenever it became understood that Uncle Sam intended to issue a warehouse receipt for whatever amount of corn was there deposited, in- stantly every bushel of corn in the state would appreciate to that price and we would start again the wheels of industry in our state. But that v/as condemned as socialistic, and, as I said a while ago concerning the other program, it would be discountenanced if conditions were normal, but I have in my mind and heart the thought that the farmers in Iowa have got to have relief and I am willing to stretch any constitution and any law in order to afford them relief at this time. These are some of the things that I think are proper to be considered by this great organization. I congratulate the farmers of the country that they are establishing and maintaining these great organizations. I believe that there has been more accomplished for agriculture in the past three years in our national congress than in any period of years previous in the history of our country, and it has been because the Farm Bureau and the Farmers Union and the Grange and the Society of Equity and the other great organizations of agriculture have been at Washington and been on the job. These are all things that I think you ought to consider and con- fer among yourselves about. Take up the question of taxes and help us find some solution of the situation that now confronts us. Nobody ought to be allowed to escape his fair share of the burdens of our government, but we don't want to pay more than we should, and we don't want any discrimination made in. favor of anybody. Last summer we made and engaged in a systematic and laborous effort to ascertain the value of railroad properties in Iowa. It is true that in a great majority of cases the railroads themselves do not contribute anything toward informing the public as to what their fair value is. Some months ago the railroads themselves filed with the Interstate Commerce Commis- sion a statement of their value for the purpose of rate-making. You know that under the transportation act it provides that rates shall be fixed upon the valuation of the railroads at such figures as would afford them a re- turn of BV2 or 6 per cent, so that it became necessary for the Interstate Commerce Commission to ascertain the value of the railroads of the coun- try. They went down to Washington and filed certified statements as to their value. I remember the Burlington railroad asserted that it was worth 451 million dollars, and the Interstate Commerce Commission fixed the rates upon that valuation, and you, if you are a shipper farmer, and as a farmer you are a shipper, you are paying the present scale of freight rates upon that valuation. When we came to make our assessment last July, the whole company of railroads appeared there and I was amazed to discover that they were almost all ready to go into insolvency. They came down there and represented that while they had made that state- ment to the Interstate Commerce Commission, it was radically too high, and that the real value was something less than one-third of that amount. A very interesting thing occurred. I remember the Illinois Central rail- road company — and I don't speak in disparagement of it, because it is a splendid company — certified to the Interstate Commerce Commission that its property was worth 284 million dollars and the rates were fixed on that basis. In the Ijearing before the executive council, Mr. Talbot, the tax commissioner of that railroad, represented to us that it was worth less REPORT OF IOWA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION 401 than 200 million dollars. I was on an Illinois Central dining car some time after that and there on the back of the menu was an open letter to the public signed by the president of the Illinois Central road who said that the valuation fixed by the Interstate Commerce Commission was vastly less than the real value of the railroad. I am referring to that as simply illustrating the method pursued by one industry in our country to escape the fair proportion of the burdens of government. What do they propose? They propose one value for rate-making purposes and a vastly smaller value for tax-fixing purposes. I believe you do not agree to that method. Anyhow, I am going to say this, as long as I occupy my present position I do not intend to allow that transparent hokus-pokus to be perpetrated upon the people of Iowa. We are all proud of our country; we are all proud of our state; these taxes have got to be raised, and I am sorry that the congress in discharge of what they believed their duty to be removed taxes on excess profits. I believe that the men who derive excess profits should pay taxes upon them. And now what a spectacle they have presented, when they have struck down the tax on luxuries and intend to put a sales tax on all of the necessities of life that the average must pay. I leave you this situation. You keep in communication constantly with the men who make your laws and the men who execute them. I thank you very much indeed! ADDRESS OF J. R. HOW^ARD, PRESIDENT AMERICAN FARM BUREAU FEDERATION It is a great pleasure to be present today at this, your third annual con- vention of the Iowa Farm Bureau Federation. It was just a little more than three years ago that the Iowa Farm Bureau Federation had its origin at Marshalltown. It was less than three years since first steps were taken at Ithaca, New York, toward the organization of the American Farm Bureau Federation, and not two years since the National organization became permanent. It is my purpose today to review briefly three of the lines of work which the American Farm Bureau Federation has been doing in order that you may judge whether or not our stewardship of fifty cents out of your membership fees has been well invested. I— COOPERATIVE MARKETING The cooperative marketing movement is a protest expressed in action against excessive margins and distributive costs. It is no new thing. It has been successfully carried on in European nations for a hundred years or more. Within less than fifty years Denmark has thrown off the yoke of the agricultural economic oppression through cooperative marketing and has so reduced distributive costs and profits that the producer receives 72 cents of the consumer's dollar, and through cooperative marketing has rebuilded her entire national prosperity. For years there have been efforts in this country along cooperative marketing lines. Some of these have been failures, others successful. 402 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART V None of these, however, have ever gotten beyond the local field. They have been fostered under a number of heads or agencies with no coordina- tion or cooperation between them. We have not had a unified cooperative movement in America but the hit and miss cooperation. The American Farm Bureau Federation is not and never will be a mar- keting organization. Its business, or mission is largely promotional and educational. We have always taken and still hold that our mission toward cooperative associations under whatever name or organization they may be functioning is that of helpfulness and not domination. Actuated by this spirit we have established committees whose members comprise rep- resentation from various successful organizations, for the study of grain, live stock, dairy, fruit and wool marketing. The reports of the grain and live stock committees have already been made, to joint meetings of various farm organizations, accepted and national marketing associations are now being perfected. Opposition is being strenuously made from two sources — one from the already firmly entrenched and established distributive agencies with whose profits cooperation will interfere. More money has been raised to defeat this work than the American Farm Bureau Federation has yet spent in all its activities. The second line of objection is internal. It comes in the main not from the farmers, but from the leaders of farmers' move- ments who too often are more interested in their jobs than in the welfare of the farmers themselves. That my own skirts may be clear and that the American Farm Bureau Federation may never be accused of building up a self-perpetuating, or a political machine, I am resolved to return at the earliest moment to the ranks and carry out the aspirations of my life up in Marshall County. In spite of opposition from without and dissension from within, the United States Grain Growers are making continual progress. A leader in Minnesota said to me the other day that the movement was ordained of God for the welfare of mankind, else it could not continue to grow in membership and favor in the face of this opposition. The reports of last Saturday night shows that the United States Grain Growers have under five-year contract 36,500 members, and an annual marketing of nearly 80,000,000 bushels of grain. These contracts in the hands of any old line grain company would be easily worth $2,000,000, but they are not transferable. The work of the Central Cooperative Live Stock Commission Company at St. Paul, fostered by the Minnesota Farm Bureau Federation, as well as the Farmers' Union Coopertive Live Stock Company at Omaha, indi- cates the immense savings of the livestock shipper which are to be had through cooperative selling. The work of the Livestock Committee of Fifteen will be pushed forward at all terminal markets by the National Livestock Producers' Association, the directorate of which has been se- lected by the Executive Committee of the American Farm Bureau Federa- tion. The stirring of dry bones of the terminal exchanges already indi- cates the fight is on. Material saving in producers' selling costs will result. It is my conviction that cooperation offers the way of escape from the threat of socialism. Even some farmers who would quickest resent the 1 REPORT OF IOWA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION 403 ide^ of the government operating their farms are clamoring for govern- ment action in other lines, not realizing this government ownership of our farms is part of the whole plan. Cooperation is the antithesis of socialism. It is self-help as opposed to state activity. Those who make proper use of cooperation become stronger to do for themselves what they would otherwise ask the govern- ment to do for them. Cooperation will do all that socialism can do and will still retain the priceless advantages of individual initiative. Socialists wish to discard profit. The cooperative organization substitutes the patronage or service dividend for the capital dividend. Socialists wish to have wealth more equally divided. The cooperative corporation limits the ownership of its shares thus diffusing the advantages which may come from the enter- prise. Cooperation is an important agency and will become increasingly influential in minimizing profiteering and promoting a high general standard of living. The American Farm Bureau Federation is definitely committed to the furtherance of cooperation through already organized, or yet to be or- ganized societies. II— TRANSPORTATION One of the first departments which the American Farm Bureau Federa- tion organized was that of transportation. This department has attended many hearings and functioned to the benefit of the membership in vari- ous ways. Let me, however, specifically call your attention to four things which we have done, all of which have resulted in economies of freight payments to our membership: 1. Following the passage of the Cummins-Esch Act it was incumbent upon the Interstate Commerce Commission to make a readjustment or revision of rates which would, in the judgment of the Commission, satisfy the provisions of the law regarding guarantee returns. That immediately brought up the matter of railroad valuations. The manufacturers and business interests of the country, who were able to pass their freight pay- ments on with their invoices, were not concerned regarding costs of trans- portation. Those financial interests of the country which are particularly interested in railroad questions and the market for stocks and bonds were glad to see the railroads liberally dealt with. It was only the farmer whose freight bill is subtracted at his own station from the price which he receives for his commodity and who can in no way pass on charges to the next man, who was concerned. At this hearing no farm organiza- tion other than the American Farm Bureau Federation was represented. The railroads asked for a property valuation upon which their rates should be based, amounting to many millions of dollars more than the market price of all their outstanding stocks and bonds. I have in my office the record of this fight by Mr. Thorne, covering more than three thousand pages. The result of it was that the Interstate Commerce Com- mission lowered the carriers' asked-for valuation one billion seven hun- dred million dollars, or practically 10 per cent. Mr. Thome's own estimate is that this resulted in a net saving of $30.00 per annum to every farmer in America. At that our contention was and still is that the allowed val- 404 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART V nations were excessive, and we liave been gatliering information which we hope will result in lower valuations at subsequent hearings. 2. Following the advances of August 25, 1920, the American Farm Bu- reau Federation asked immediately for reductions on some of the commo- dities which were hardest hit and was successful in a few cases and in particular regions. The first important reduction case was the live stock case of last April, at which we appeared in conjunction with certain live stock associations, but no other farm organization, asking immediate re- duction on live stock rates. We were successful in securing a 20 per cent reduction on the longer hauls of live stock. This did not affect the Iowa producer, but was of much value to the range man. 3. In August we entered into an extensive case before the Interstate Commerce Commission at Washington for reductions on hay and grain shipments in connection with the state railroad commissions in states west of the Mississippi river. The case was filed jointly by the Commis- sions of the States and the American Farm Bureau Federation. No other farm organization rendered any financial assistance. None of them gave any testimony or entered any protest whatsoever with the single excep- tion of the Grain Dealers of Nebraska, who presented one witness. This hearing lasted throughout three weeks and has resulted in a reduction of rates amounting, on an average, to 16 per cent. 4. Because of the slowness with which the Interstate Commerce Com- mission reached its decisions and the expense of long drawn-out hearings and because of the uncertainty of any relief regarding rates through legislation, and after conference with members of the Executive Committee recently, I called personally upon a number of railroad executives, urging upon them the seriousness of the farmer's condition, and the part which transportation had had in the whole economic depression, and urged general freight reductions as the quickest and most potent remedy. At adjournment the executives promised they would submit this demand to the Executive Committee of the railroad executives, which they did October 8th. This Committee approved the proposition with an imme- diate 10 per cent reduction on agricultural products and subsequent reduc- tions as I had asked for, but submitted it October 14th to a meeting of all the railroad executives in the country, which meeting did not at that time approve it, but which did approve later reductions as operating expenses decreased. You are now getting, as a result of the work of the American Farm Bureau Federation, 10 per cent or more reduction on all your commodities with a definite recorded pledge for subsequent reductions as operating expenses decrease without the expense or delays of extended hearings. This reduction is effective, under agreement, for six months, and on the basis of the estimate that the farmer pays in excess of two billion five hundred million dollars freight every year, the 10 per cent reduction, alone, is saving for the farmers of America in outgoing freight many millions of dollars. Some people raise a hue and cry against "big business," and a few have warned me to stay away from all conferences with railroad interests, packers, bankers and others of the so-called "big guns." My reply has always been that I am the representative of the biggest interest in Amer- REPORT OF IOWA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION 405 ica— American agriculture— and that it is the duty of those wlio repre- sent^ through their various organizations, the farmers of America, to sit across the table with any and every other interest where questions of large moment are to be discussed. Our future policy is first to continue through the Interstate Commerce Commission and through conferences with railroad men to press for further material rate reductions and to continue to urge Congress to so modify the transportation laws as to do away with definite guarantees and excessive valuations, as well as the restoration of the proper authority of state commissions. The great hope of the future in transportation for the whole Mississippi valley lies in the development of our waterways. The progress being made during the past two years on the lower Mississippi is indicative of the possibilities of both the upper Mississippi and the Missouri. We are watching this with great care. The report of the International Joint Commission on the Great Lakes- St. Lawrence route is before Congress. This report makes it clear that by the opening of this great waterway ocean shipping and ocean rates can easily be brought 1,200 miles nearer to our farms. It is the greatest agri- cultural issue that has been before our nation in decades. You should lose no time in demanding quick and definite action regarding it. ni— LEGISLATION One of the first departments established by the American Farm Bureau Federation was that of legislation. When Congress convened last April the situation confronting both agri- culture and industry had become so tense that a number of Congressmen who knew the actual condition confronting agriculture resolved it was time for something to be done for deflated agriculture in order to save not only the farmer, but the industries of the nation. They recognized the key to the situation lay largely in assisting agriculture to "come back." They sensed also the changed conditions. They realized a new era had come and with it a turn in the tide of basic productions. This resulted in the formation of that much discussed group in Congress, the agricultural bloc, which has to its credit more agricultural legislation in the extraor- dinary session than ever before was passed in a single sitting of Con- gress. Let me mention among them the aids to the Federal Land Banks, the War Finance Relief measure, the Packer Control bill, the Grain Con- trol bill, the Farm-to-Market road law, and the emergency tariff. Let me point out two essential differences between the agricultural bloc and the other blocs. First, the agricultural bloc is the only bloc which has been organized without selfish motive and in the interests of all our citizenry. Second, the agricultural bloc is the only bloc that has ever pro- ceeded with its cards on the table face up and without secret or closed door caucuses. The American Farm Bureau Federation has been faithfully and persist- ently pressing the needs of agriculture before Congress through the agri- cultural bloc, in cooperation with other agricultural societies, and through our own organization. We have had a vital part in the passing of needed 406 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART V legislation as well as in the awakening of a national agricultural con- sciousness. In conclusion may I draw to your attention what seems to me to be a new national alignment of farmers' thought and national farm organiza- tion activity? There is clearly developing what is already called at Washington and by the press a radical agricultural group who advocate a policy of settling all our grievances, social, economic, or otherwise, through governmental mediums and agencies. They believe in a thoroughly established state or national control of the regulation of human relationships. They would settle all such problems as transportation by direct govern- ment ownership and operation of railroads and merchant marine, and bit- terly oppose all farm organizations and leaders who are not of that mind. They are beginning to talk of various artificial schemes of price fixing. Some of them are avowedly in sympathy with the organization of new political parties, such as the Farmer-Labor movement or the plan of the Old Committee of Forty-eight or similar movements. Do not understand that I say that such a movement has yet reached definite organization stages so far as membership following is concerned, but that the thought and tendency of certain leaders toward such an amalgamation is well defined. These forces, in my opinion, will rapidly increase during the next few months in the event of delayed agricultural economic adjustments. When men, by strenuous and well applied labor, cannot make interest and taxes for continued periods, you must expect that many will see red. Opposed to this group are those who are convinced by study or expe- rience that in matters of business the state is less eflicient than the in- dividual; that while men make governments, governments cannot make men. This group question the government's power to create or materially alter laws of fundamental economics any more than it can alter the ebb and flow of the tide. They hold that the purpose of government is to so order conditions in fairness and equality that every individual citizen and class of citizenry can have the largest and fullest opportunity to develop the best that is in him or them. Personally, I approve that constructive radicalism which provokes seri- ous thought. It spells progress. It is evolution seeking the ideal trust of better things. I will go the limit regarding cooperative marketing, co- operative banking and government supervision of all public utilities; in opposition to all unjust and unfair combinations and competition, and the preventing and redressing of human wrong in every spot and place. But I must draw the line on any and every ism that is destructive and not constructive, particularly if destructive of that greatest of all human agencies — personal initiative. I deplore a growing tendency on the part, not only of some farmers, but other men in high places, to stress the functioning of government too much, and of the individual too little. The nation's strength is that of its average citizen. A virile self- REPORT OF IOWA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION 407 relying, self-sustaining manhood and womanhood is of primary im- portance. We are in government a democracy, and a democracy is a government of individuals. Submerge individualism under any form or name and your democracy is gone. The stress of the times is terrific. The issues are momentous. They are being decided now on your own farms and in your own lives. I have the fullest faith in the future, because I have faith in you. SPEECH OF PRESIDENT C. W. HUNT AT THE THIRD ANNUAL CON- VENTION OF THE IOWA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION. JANUARY 10-11, DES MOINES, IOWA No nation can ever reach permanent greatness unless based on the well-being of the men and women who live out on the farm. We have been told that our farmers are more prosperous than farmers of any other nation. Whether this be true or not, it is generally accepted as true. While it is true that our farmers today, or up till the outbreak of the world war, appeared to be better off than their fathers, after all the farm prosperity was more fancied than real. Look up the history of the average farmer who started for himself forty years back and you will find his life w^as one of unremitted toil day in and day out. His accumulations of wealth are small compared with other lines of business, and are the result of persistent saving on the part of every member of the family. He has had no time for a summer outing at the lakes or winter sojourn in California or Florida. In the majority of cases he could not afford more than an eighth grade education for his children, and we find this man nearing the sunset of life broken in health, shoulders stooped, wrinkles of care on his face, and every evidence of the burden of incessant toil in his make-up as he retires to some town to await the final summons when he is at last called upon to shuffle off his mortal coil. After a few short years of retired life this man dies. The world says he has been a thrifty citizen, leaving a large estate to his heirs, who have gone to the city where they can enjoy society, good schools, fine clothes, and summer outings. You say this picture is overdrawn, that farmers can now have automo- biles, good roads, consolidated schools, community centers, fine homes with all the modern conveniences, water, electric lights, cement walks, improved machinery in the house and on the farm. The last quarter of a century our government, both state and national, has given much attention to agricultural matters, but solely along the lines of increased production, and succeeded in many instances in doubling the former acreage yield. This was all very well for a beginning, but efforts in the future should be spent for better business and better living conditions on the farm. The farmer must get a larger return in money, comfort and social ad- vantages from crops grown. The problem of farm life is and should be a national problem, for on the character of country population depends the permanent greatness of any state. 408 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART V We are blessed today with a secretary of agriculture who realizes and sets out in his first report to the president of the United States the real condition of our farming population. From page twelve of his annual report I quote as follows: "The drop in prices for crops in 1920 caused many renters to lose not only their labor for that year, but their savings as well. But for the leniency of their landlords, thousands upon thousands of other renters would have lost everything they had." The secretary sets out clearly the attitude of other interests toward the farmer in the following statement: "The cynical or thoughtless man is disposed to say 'What have I to do with all this? Those unfortunate purchasers and renters exercised bad business judgment. They took their chance and lost. They are simply victims of business misfortune, and it is no affair of mine.' " The solution of the present depressed condition on the farm will be found only when the price level of farm products are boosted up on a level with the price of organized labor, freight rates, interest rates, and other necessary commodities. More than half of the farmers of Iowa are discouraged and disheart- ened today, and the world cannot prosper while full of hopeless, helpless farmers. The farmer knows that past debts, neither government nor private, can be paid with the present deflated dollar. Until the way is made brighter and hope and confidence is restored to the farming pro- fession, we are simply going from bad to worse with present high interest rates, high taxes, high labor wages, and low price level for farm prod- ucts. The farm indebtedness is simply being pyramided. Unless relief comes soon in the way of increased price level, the pyramid will fall of its own weight. To gain a higher price level the farmer through his organization must develop a marketing system of his own. He has become wonderfully efficient as a producer, but the problem of marketing his products has been left entirely in the hands of the speculator and gambler with the result that marketing machinery has been built up to fill the pockets of the speculator, the commission merchant, and the money changer, leaving the farmer with a scant living and nothing in his pockets but holes. If the farmer is to have a marketing system under his control, he must first get a system of finance adapted to his needs and under his control. You say that is dangerous? Let me ask, do not the packers control banks that answer their beck and call? Does not the Standard Oil Company control their own finances? The steel trust, etc. Then, pray, why not the farmer who produces billions of wealth every year, only to see it swallowed up by the grasping control of the money kings of our country? Paste this in your hat, or in your bonnet, where you will constantly be reminded that all of our marketing plans will fail utterly unless supported by an adequate finance. The grain marketing plan, live stock, or dairy marketing now under way will fail unless backed by sufficient finances under control of the farmers. The grain dealers proclaim to the world that the present system of marketing is most efficient and practical. It certainly is a wonderful system that makes it possible to sell millions of bushels of grain in one REPORT OF IOWA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION 409 year on the Chicago Board of Trade when only a small fraction of this amount of real grain is sold at all markets in the whole United States during that period. It is also contended that the five big packers have attained perfection in the meat packing industry. This is probably true, but the economy goes into the packers' pocket. There is a wide spread between the price the feeder receives for the live animal and the price the consumer pays for the beef, pork or mutton which graces his table. The fact remains that the producer has been getting only about 40c of the $1.00 paid by the consumer, and under present conditions he is getting a still lower ratio. There is a leak somewhere. In thinking this situa- tion over, I have come to the conclusion that there are leaks all along the route. The pipe line connections are faulty from beginning to end. Transportation, commissions, yardage, feed, insurance, storage, dockage, shrinkage, grading, inspection, traveling salesmen, middlemen, wholesale and retail merchants, crips and dead, high freight rates and war tax. It is some wonder that we have even a grease spot left. The farmers must gradually acquire a marketing system of their own. It has been said that the farmer does not understand the marketing game, and I think that is true, but the farmer has brains and he can learn marketing and become just as efficient in that line as he has been in the field of production. The marketing plans will necessarily develop slowly, but we must begin somewhere, so we have started to carry out plans fostered by the Farm Bureau Federation. We are going to make mistakes, but we must profit by those blunders and try not to make the same mistake twice. The past year has been discouraging to the farmer, but plans have been started for grain, live stock and dairy marketing, and it will be our job the coming year to go on with this work, and we hope to make satisfactory progress with less mistakes than we have made in the year just closed. As has been stated, there has recently developed determined opposi- tion to the Farm Bureau Federation. We have been attacked by certain agricultural papers with wide circulation and by many jealous organiza- tions. None of these attacks will stand fire when put to the test but, nevertheless, with the unrest among farmers in these trying times of world war reaction, these attacks are having their effect in adding fuel to the fire, and the coming year will be the testing period of our organ- ization. I have little fear of the outcome. The Iowa Farm Bureau Federation is starting on a new year. As it pauses to draw a good full breath and take into account the work ahead, it will resolve to go on pushing the marketing and financial plans already under way. It will plan to correct many mistakes made the past year, but it will have no thought of going backward or abandoning any projects already under way. It expects to go on laboring for reduction in freight rates and trying to assist in working out a fair system for establishing taxation values. It stands for an interstate commerce law that will allow just rate reduc- tions and the return of authority of our Iowa Railway Commission over intrastate traffic. It stands squarely behind the agricultural bloc in con- gress, commending it for the beneficial agricultural legislation already 410 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART V passed, and pledges its support in further constructive legislation for the benefit of agriculture. We need more knowledge and reliable data on agricultural economics and statistics in order that we may more intelligently adjust our produc- tion to the probable demand of the various farm products. We should ask the secretary of agriculture to gather and interpret such economic and statistical data. Secretary Wallace has made recommendations of this sort, and I understand the statistical department of the American Federation will gather data from the Department of Agriculture and from other agencies for their own information, and for the benefit of the State Federations as well, in order that production may be governed accord- ingly. You say it is sacrilegious and an economic waste to limit produc- tion on the farm to match a healthy demand? That calls to my mind the desperate cry of class legislation that went up when the farmers began to declare their right to market the wealth they produced through the united labor of the whole family and the hired man, and the sound of alarm that the agricultural bloc would wreck the grand old parties. I venture the statement that the large majority of legislation now on the statute books was passed by a bloc of some sort. It is only when the word agriculture is placed before the word bloc that the cry of alarm is sounded. , The manufacturing interests study demand and gauge their supply to match. The Standard Oil Company control, demand and supply, and we farmers who ride in "flivvers" pay for gas the price set by the oil magnate. I believe that what is fair for the goose is fair for the gander, and that we should begin studying the economics of agriculture and statistical data with a view of fitting our production to the world demand, and thus bring about a more stable market with a price level high enough to bring to the farmer some degree of independence. There are many other activities that I might mention that the Federa- tion will feel in duty bound to take an active part. I have tried to call your attention only to the most important and larger work. I wish I could promise the farmers a prosperous year for 1922, but the world is too sick to recover so soon. The Federation has held bank- ruptcy in check the past year. Some farmers have already given up and must begin all over again; others will go the same road this year. But agriculture will not fail. It is useless to spend time brooding over what might have been. Out of this wreck, with our combined organized effort, I hope we may build a new agriculture that will make farm life what it should be — the healthiest, brightest and best place on earth to live. Remember that we are building this new agriculture for the benefit of our boys and girls. They will be the men and women of tomorrow. Then let us go on and perfect this program outlined by the Farm Bureau Federation in 1922, bringing about a fair price level so that life on the farm will be less lonely, fuller of opportunity, freer from drudgery, more comfortable, happier, more attractive, so that a compelling desire to live on the farm will be aroused in our boys and girls. REPORT OF IOWA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION 411 ADDRESS OF DR. R. A. PEARSON PRESIDENT IOWA STATE COLLEGE, AMES The subject assigned to me is "Keeping Pace With Progressive Agri- culture." This may be a hint that the farmer's agriculture must keep apace of the times. I suppose no one would object to that hint. But it may mean something far more than that — that this nation is to keep pace with the aid of progressive agriculture, and in that I verily do be- lieve. In this country today, with the great abundance of food such as we have never seen before, with a great supply of raw materials, with more gold than our country ever had before within its borders, there is trouble and distress. Business is slack. I saw a few months ago a railroad being torn up — a well-known railroad, the steel to be sold on the second- hand market; factories all over this nation are closed or running on part time. Normally in the United States at this time of the year we have about one and one-half million people out of employment, but carefully prepared estimates a little while ago showed that the number was at least four million out of employment. The public is beginning to appreciate that prosperity in this country cannot come back as long as agriculture is in its present situation. The farmers of our nation are not buying. How can they when a bushel of corn will purchase on the market less than half of what it would purchase before the war? The purchasing power of a bushel of corn is le^s than 50 per cent of normal; the purchasing power of a hog not very much better. And, worse yet, our taxes have increased and they have to be paid out of a reduced income, and interest and debts have to be paid, leaving a smaller portion of that reduced income for the purchase of necessary supplies. And so the simple fact is that the great farming population of our nation, about 40 per cent, is not able to buy, and the little towns have slowed down in their business until it is almost stag- nant, and the larger cities and transportation companies are feeling the situation accordingly. But conditions, friends, are getting better. We have gone through the worst of it, and we can see a good many rays of light coming up over the horizon. A little more than a year ago the average index numbers of wholesale prices was 276, as compared with 100 before the war. A few weeks ago that had reduced to 151. It is now possible for farmers with the products that they have to sell to buy the normal quantity of some of the things that they have to buy, and in looking over a very interesting official report I found a few of the articles that can be purchased in normal quantity with agricultural products at present prices. I will tell you what they are — you may want to buy some: overalls, dung-forks, brooms, wooden buckets, kitchen chairs, coffee, sugar, and one or two other things. So that at last a few weeks ago we had come to the time when a farmer might put on a new suit of overalls, clean out his stable, sweep the barn floor, go in and sit down on a kitchen chair, and put his feet up on a wooden bucket and drink a cup of coffee sweetened with sugar, and feel natural again. But I suppose, if I may continue the dark side of the picture just a 412 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART V little longer, the thing that has made the farmers most unhappy in con- nection with prices that they have had to pay have been the prices that they have had to pay on those same things which they buy at retail and which previously they had themselves sold at wholesale. Some very interesting data on that subject have been collected by our Bureau of Labor in Washington. A few weeks ago it ran something like this: The farmers then were receiving 16 per cent more for their hogs than they received in 1913, but they were paying 97 per cent more for ham at retail, or 81 per cent more for pork chops; and at that same time the farmers were receiving 9 per cent less for their beef cattle (this was last August), but they were paying 57 per cent to 60 per cent more for their sirloin or round steak. Another comparison: they were getting 24 per cent less for their hides — green salt hides— than they got in 1913, but the wholesale price of shoes was 125 per cent above what it was in 1913. Wages in the packing plants were 86 per cent above, and in the shoe factories and woolen mills 100 per cent above, and the freight rates were 110 per cent above what they were in 1913, and the Bureau of Railroad Economics informs us that the railroad labor was receiving 126 per cent above what it got in 1913. Some very interesting comparisons are being made. Dr. H. C. Taylor, chief of the Bureau of Markets in Washington, is bringing out some figures that it is worth while to study. He has shown that in normal times the wholesale price of ham in Chicago is practically twice the price of live hogs. 'That is to say, if live hogs were bringing 10c, ham at wholesale would bring practically 20c a pound. Retail prices of ham throughout the United States normally are about three and one-half times the price of live hogs on the Chicago market. But what is the situation today, or a few days ago? Figures which I am going to give you relate to last November. Wholesale prices of ham in Chicago, instead of being twice the price of live hogs, were three and one-fifth times the price of the live hogs; and the retail prices of ham throughout the country, instead of averaging three and one-half times the price of live hogs, averaged six and one-half times the price of live hogs. Those figures speak volumes! And they bring me to one of the most important statements that I intend to make this afternoon, namely, that one of the best remedies that can be applied to this situation which I have been describing, i. e., high prices of articles that the farmers have to buy as compared with what they sell — an unduly wide margin between what the farmers receive and con- sumers pay — one of the best remedies in my judgment for that situation is plain, pitiless publicity. Taxes should come down decidedly. In the little city where I live we are paying 236 mills, and under present conditions it is a tremendously heavy burden, and I believe that steps should be taken to reduce taxes wherever that is possible. But I won't say that I think taxes should be reduced after some one person has delivered an eloquent address on the subject, or after the subject has been briefly debated in a debating society. I think that the subject should be left to the clearest thinking people in the community, and they should very carefully consider what they are getting for their taxes, and what they can best afford to get along without, and then cut off these latter taxes. REPORT OF IOWA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION 413 I want to remind you that there are two kinds of taxes which we are all paying — there is the voluntary tax which we levy upon ourselves through our chosen representatives, and there is the involuntary tax which is levied upon us by powers beyond our control. Not very many years ago the farmers encountered that proposition in a most practical way. They said, "Shall we continue to be taxed millions of dollars by the potato bug and wheat rust and the army worm and the codling moth, and so on, or shall we increase our voluntary taxes just a little and develop a corps of entomologists who will save those enormous losses?" And of course they did the latter. So we must keep in mind that there are two kinds of taxes, and sometimes we can save enormously on one side by adding slightly on the other side. I would not have that done, however, unless the benefit is very clearly evident. Now a few words as to the different reasons why the prices of farm products are so low. Of course, every one knows it is because we have such a large supply on hand. Yes. The law of supply and demand is operating. The law was not passed by a legislature or by a congress, but by a higher power than either, and it is inexorable. We have a larger quantity, especially of some products, than we need. Why? For the simple reason that we have planted more acres than we needed to plant; and, again, for the simple reason that during these past two or three years we have been favored by remarkably good growing weather; and, again, we have this surplus because we have been flooding the market with some large accumulated stocks of food supplies that had been held by the government during the war period, and perhaps still larger sup- plies that were secretly concealed by individuals and organizations in many places. I saw something of that going on during the war, and I was reminded of how the squirrels as winter comes on perceive that they must lay up their food supply, and so they find the nuts and hide them away; and that is exactly what was done by more people in the United States than we like to admit, and those hoarded supplies have been com- ing out on the market. The normal number of acres planted to the four or five or six leading cereals in the United States before the war was 211 million. During the war we run it up and up and up until it got to 240 million, nearly. It has been coming down gi^adually, but in the year 1921 the farmers of this nation planted 230 million acres in these cereals, an increase of 19 million over the normal number of acres. They planted three and one-half mil- lion acres more than normal in corn. Why? I suppose partly to make up for the cotton they were reducing so steadfastly in the south, and perhaps, also, to take the place of clover which had been killed out by hard winter or by drouth; but more probably, I think, that larger acreage was planted by force of habit. I want to say this, I believe that the farm land of our nation is being strained— it is a good term— it is being strained beyond reason by that kind of planting, and the thing we need most just now is to get clover and alfalfa and other leguminous crops upon the land that has been strained so hard. Our corn crop last year was about 300 million bushels more than normal— about 10 per cent— and the year before that another 300 million bushel surplus; and to illustrate the effect of the weather, let me remind you that in 1920, although we planted four million 414 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART V acres less in corn than in 1921, we got 100 million bushels more of corn from that smaller acreage, which shows what good growing weather means in reference to the output of our crops. What is the remedy for the surplus? Somebody says "Burn the corn." I have no objection to burning corn. If I had corn and could not get coal or other fuel for my corn, I would burn corn, but I do not think that enough corn has been burned in the state of Iowa to make the smallest fraction of a cent difference in the value of corn, or any noticeable differ- ence in the amount of corn within the state. Somebody else says, "Eat more corn." That would work if there were enough of us and if we each ate enough. Better than to eat corn would be to eat more meat, and the people of this nation will eat more meat when they get the benefit of reduced prices which the farmers of the nation have made possible, but which are so slow in arriving. Somebody else says, "Store the corn." I believe in that thoroughly, and I am glad that our federal authorities, and largely through the in- centive of such men as Mr. Howard and Mr. Cunningham and Mr. Hunt, have seen fit to make available more funds that can be loaned to farmers so that they can store corn. And I want to say that some of the banks in this state have come forward nobly in their efforts to assist in this matter, and some other banks have not come forward so nobly. And I hope these latter will see that it is not only to the advantage of the farmers of their communities, but to their own advantage to get busy and get some of that money and make it available. And already the question is being asked very seriously on all sides, "What are we going to do for just such loans when the federal funds are no longer available?" That is a big question, and I hope that the men who are working on it are going to work it out satisfactorily. Well, somebody else says, "Export that tremendous surplus." I believe in that. Few people realize how much our exports are increased, and very few people know that our able secretary of agriculture, Mr. Wallace, has his scouts over in Europe now studying the markets for the purpose of finding information that will enable us to hold those markets in as large a measure as possible in succeeding years. But did you know that in 1921 we exported 300 million bushels of wheat — five times the normal exports? That is a pretty good record on export, and that is where a lot of that surplus wheat has been going. And we have exported one and one-half times the normal quantity of flour. Altogether in cereals and flour we exported 28 billion pounds in 1921, as compared with eight billion pounds normally. We exported in 1921 three and one-half times as much cereals and flour as we export normally. It is a great record! I do not know where we would have been if we had not gotten rid of that surplus. Dairy products make a particularly fine showing, and I am glad they do, because they represent a high degree of skill in handling the raw product. They are manufactured products, and in 1921 we exported almost 300 million pounds of finished dairy products, or more than eleven times the normal output from this country. Meat exports went up from one and one-half billion pounds to two billion pounds — an increase of nearly one- third. Altogether in 1921 we exported 31 billion pounds of food products, and to bring it right down to something which we will all understand, REPORT OF IOWA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION 415 this represents 1,500 carloads of food products for every day in the year, holidays excepted. Think of the wealth that that represents! It brought back to this nation about two billions of dollars. That gi-eat quantity of exports constituted about one-half of our exports, and every one knows that the strength of the nation lies largely upon its exports, and for that reason, and for the additional reason that we want to have a good outlet for our surplus farm products, it is important that we shall retain the export market as far as we can. Europe wants our food products, but at prices that are just a little better than they have to pay for food products from other sources. We have supplied a great quantity in years past on this basis, and we are supplying a great quantity now. The worst suggestion that I have heard of in connection with caring for our surplus, or preventing a food surplus of the same kind in the future, is that we should reduce the agricultural educational activities of three agencies — the agricultural college, the county agents, and the agricul- tural journals. Such a plea is a plea for ignorance, and I do 'Dt believe it ever has been made by many, if any, real Iowa farmers. We did not have too much knowledge four years ago when we were sweating blood to produce the last pound and the last bushel that we could from our fields and from our animals. Wliy was it that we lost our splendid foreign market on cheese? Forty years ago we were exporting 140 million pounds of cheese a year, regu- larly, but just before the war broke out it had fallen to about three million pounds, and now we have got it back to only ten million, and it was 140 million. Where has the market gone? We like to pat ourselves on the back and say "This is a great nation; our population has increased so much that we are eating all our cheese and we have nothing to export." But why did not the output of cheese increase with the population? For the simple reason that our good neighbors to the north studied cheese making and started their little dairy schools all over the country, and they taught every maker how to make good cheese just a little bit cheaper than we could make it, and they sent their cheese over to the European markets and took those markets away from us. And you know of many other products that could be referred to in the same manner. Why, do you know — you do know — that at different times during the past decade our country has imported for our consumption potatoes, butter, cheese, meats — even corn and eggs, from foreign countries. The country that knows the most about the production of any kind of a product and can produce it at the lowest cost, is the one that has a great advantage over every other country. All foreign countries are watching us intently. They want not only to take the foreign markets away from us, and they are developing their educational campaigns to that end, but they want to com^ in here and take our home markets away froni us. We say we can protect ourselves with tariffs, and we can to a certain extent, but not in a satisfactory manner. We say some other country is using cheaper labor than we have and therefore they have an advantage over us. True. Over in China they have cheap labor, and their system of transportation is something like this: A coolie takes 100 pounds on his back and travels 20 miles between sunrise and sunset. That is a day's work — 100 pounds, 20 miles, or one ton one mile; and I 416 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART V suppose the average man working on our great railroad systems carries not less than 100 tons while that coolie is carrying one ton. We are not afraid of that kind of ignorant competition. We have the inventors and scientists to show how we can meet it and beat it. When we produce a harvester, a threshing machine, a tractor, a baby beef, we are reducing the cost of production and we are getting a stronger grip on the foreign market. AVhen we allow hog cholera to take part of our livestock; when we allow wheat rust to take away 100 million dollars worth of wheat, we are then increasing our cost of production and losing our hold on the foreign market. I knew a farmer who produced hogs this past year at a cost of 44c a pound. That is the actual figure. It was so because of hog cholera. And I know another farmer who got his cost down somewhere in the vicinity of 4c a pound. He had knowledge and was using it. We should aim to retain a strong grasp upon the for- eign market. It will not be easy. We will have to encourage our in- ventors and our scientists so that we can make one man in this country as efficient as two or three or ten against whom we must compete. A few words about the relations between an agricultural college and this present situation. I want to say that the relations are most Intimate. Our duty at the agricultural college is to help find new and better methods of improving quality, cheapening production and marketing, and improv- ing country life, with the idea of conserving our greatest of all natural resources — soil fertility. The work of our agricultural college is con- ducted under three federal laws with several amendments. We began the teaching work about fifty years ago, and I will not dwell upon it. At first it was not popular. Today at Ames there are 1,500 young men studying agriculture, and almost all of them are planning on going onto Iowa farms. Don't make the mistake of thinking that in these days a college education in agriculture is taking young people away from the farms — it is helping to increase their interest in the farm, it is giving them fundamental knowledge with which to meet their problems when they return, and we are not overlooking the fact that they will be citizens as well as farmers. In the experiment station some very interesting work is being done for farmers. Our men are loaded up with problems sent in to them day after day by Iowa farmers. And the third line of work is the extension work, an old system which was given great impetus about eight years ago when the federal law was passed which made possible the installation of a county agent in every county in the state of Iowa. Do you know what those men did last year? They held educational meetings all over the state which were attended by more than a million and a half of persons. Do not say that the farm- ers don't want information. The time was, way back years ago, when some resented instruction, but now they know that they, like manufac- turers, doctors and lawyers, have to get information that is reliable and up to date in order to keep ahead. Just one instance to show the money value of the extension work. During the past year there have been not less than 6,000 demonstrations in poultry culling in this state. If each one of the 27 million hens in Iowa will increase her annual production just one egg by reason of the REPORT OF IOWA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION 417 fact that she was honored by being allowed to operate after the culls have passed out, that, I am told, would increase the income of the farmers of Iowa not less than $500,000, and that sounds good when we remember that the price index on eggs is 156. We cannot say too much in praise of those splendid men — upstanding fellows, truly honest in their work, and rendering a great and valuable service in this state. Iowa State College, Mr. President, desires to cooperate very closely insofar as our fields come in contact with the work that you are doing. Together, the college and Farm Bureau organizations ought to do big things through better methods of production and marketing, and thus increase our profits. And let us remember that all such work helps our agriculture to be progressive agriculture as compared with other coun- tries which would not only take our foreign markets but our home mar- kets, as well. It must be admitted by anyone who investigates that the American and the State Farm Bureaus are making good. They have accomplished great things for agriculture, and great credit is due to their officers for securing legislation such as President Howard has been telling us of. You know that the state of Iowa has given many of her sons to national service. I might refer to "Tama Jim" Wilson, for sixteen years secretary of agriculture. But have you thought that at this time, in this period of anxiety in agriculture, the three outstanding men in national agricultural leadership are from Iowa — Secretary Wallace, President Howard and Senator Kenyon? ADDRESS OF HOWARD G. CLARK I am not going to stop to give you in review the difficulties that have arisen on account of the transportation law as it is now. I am not going to tell you how high this rate is, or that, or how difficult it is to get cars when there are 550,000 idle freight cars on the tracks today; but I want to find out if there isn't some solution of this problem so that we can reach it, and if we can get you to join with the rest of us to bring a wedge to bear in that particular place, let's all drive it together. We started into this matter of transportation more than twenty-five years ago, and there are sitting in this audience men who saw the young men of that time, of which I was one, go through a baptism of fire in this state on the question of transportation and putting men into office who would see to it that transportation was brought about on the basis that it should occupy, and for my part I propose to go on with that fight if everybody else stands still. What is the basis, the true basis of rate-making in this country? That gets right at the nub of it. If you get your basis right, you will get the right rates; if you get it wrong you will get the wrong rates. The rates went up during the war because it was an arbitrary proposition. You have had portrayed before you the situation here that existed during the war, if it needed portraying to you. The Supreme Court of the United States in the Minnesota Rate Case laid down the true basis of rate-making, and right here let me say to you that this country has been propaganded for years and years and years 418 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART V on the proposition that no rate could be made in this country under the constitution of the United States as at present constituted except on the basis now selected under the present transportation act, and my first duty shall be, if you please, to point out to you that that is not true. Justice Hughes of the Supreme Court of the United States (the present secretary of state in the president's cabinet) wrote the opinion in that case, in which the Supreme Court of the United States drew clearly and fairly the basis of rate-making for this country. Was it that they should have a fixed return? or a fair return on the money invested, in any event? Not at all! Now, I am just going to read it out of the opinion of the Supreme Court so that there will be no misunderstanding about it. The Supreme Court of the United States, by Mr. Hughes, said that what the railroads were entitled to is a fair return on the value of the property kept for and used in transportation. Now, just left alone, that would sound rather as if after we determined what a fair return was, that then in any event they were entitled to that fair return — if we call it 5 per cent or 4 per cent, whatever rate is a fair return, they should have it. But Hughes said more than that. Hughes said — and I want to quote the language of the opinion: "What the company is entitled to ask " Note that word "ask." " is that it have a fair return on the value of the property used for the public convenience." He said that what the railroads were entitled to is a fair return on the value of the property kept for and used in transportation. But he said someing else: "On the other hand, what the public is entitled to demand is that the rates be not fixed in excess of the value of the service rendered." What does he say: "On the other hand, what the public" — that's you and me — "is entitled to demand" — do you notice the difference? One is ask, the other is demand, — "is that the rates be not fixed in excess of the value of the service rendered." That is the true basis of rate-making. Fix your rate for the value of service rendered just like you fix mine. I am in the law business, another man is a doctor, and another man is in another business, and you are in the farming business — what are you entitled to? You are entitled to have only fair pay for the work you do. Now, the point I want to bring to you is this, that it is value of the service rendered. The railroad should have, for transporting a car of cattle from your town to Chicago what that service is worth, and no more. Now, somebody says there might be a conflict there; that in one breath Hughes says they should have a fair return on the value of their property, and then he says the public should have charged to them no more than the service rendered is worth. There might be a conflict. Hughes de- cided it — he saw that. Now, what did he decide? Let me read it to you. This is what he said about this proposition: "It is property employed in a public calling, subject to government regulation * * * there is attached to its use the condition that charges to the public shall not be unreasonable." In any event, therefore, the right of the public to have the service for what it is worth is paramount to the owners of the railroad to have a fair REPORT OF IOWA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION 419 return on their property. Have you got it? That is the true basis. "Oh," but somebody says, and I have had it said to me a good many times, "how do you arrive at what a fair compensation is?" "Well," I said, in answer to one question, "it is one thing that is certain, that if it cost a man 80c a bushel to raise a bushel of corn in Iowa, it is not worth 15c a bushel to haul it to Chicago, when you only get 28c for it down there." (Laughter.) It is not worth it! At the present time I believe the rate on that particular commodity has been reduced so that it is 18%c in this particular division on 100 pounds, or a little over lie a bushel to haul it to Chicago. It doesn't take a philosopher to tell you that! There is a basis for that; the Supreme Court decided it, and they set forth the elements to be taken into consideration. I want to make this plain to you, because I want to show you that the basis of rate-making in this country has been changed and that if you will get rid of all this and reinstall the old one, you will immediately get a reduction in rates. Somebody says, "Hovvt are you going to do that? The Interstate Com- merce Commission now is under oath; we are law-abiding citizens and under their oath they- have got to fix a rate that will produce a certain return." And my reply is, "We will take away that method of rate- fixing and install another one, and they will perform their duty, and down goes the rate." It is all moonshine to talk that, and I am going to point it out to you. Here are the specifications: "In order to ascertain the value of this service, you will take into con- sideration the original cost of construction of these railroads." That is one thing you will take. "The amount expended in permanent improvements, the amount of market value of its bonds and stocks, the present as compared with the original cost of construction, the probable earning capacity of the prop- erty under the particular rates prescribed by statute, the sum required to meet operating expenses, and all others are to be given such weight as may be just and right in detennining what is the fair value of the service." That is specific enough for anybody! You cannot measure this like you would add two and two and two together and get the result. You have got to use your best judgment and find these things and all others that belong to it — many other things. You have got to take into consideration the value of the products you are going to haul. A man said to me just yesterday, "I was offered coal at the mines in Illinois for a dollar a ton, but it costs $4.05 for freight to get it to its destination." Don't you see? It wasn't worth that to haul that coal. It may be worth more to haul other things than they are getting, but it wasn't worth that to haul that particular item. It has been put forth with great stress that this law that we have is a permissive proposition — that it permits the commission to fix a com- pensation to produce 5^/^ or 6 per cent. I want to say to you that it is not a permissive law, it is compulsory upon the commission. I want to read it to you, because somebody may say that that is not correct. This is section (c) on page 36 of the original act: "In the exercise of its power to prescribe just and reasonable rates, the Commission shall initiate, modify, establish or adjust such rates so that 420 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART V carriers as a whole * * * earn an aggregate annual net railway oper- ating income equal, as nearly as may be * * *." They shall do it! That is not permissive! They must do it! Don't you see? Now, the commission has done it. What have you got? You have got a law which says that the commis- sion must fix rates that must produce 6 per cent of the value found, or a little over one billion and eighty million dollars every year. That is over and above all charges — over and above all operating expenses; over and above sinking fund for maintenance of ways and structures, and sinking fund for maintenance of equipment and working capital. I want to ask you, my friends in the farming business, wouldn't you be most delighted if you could fix a rate so that you could have your working capital furnished you to make the other fellow turn it over? This is the gospel of the agricultural country, and I tell you its salvation is to get rid of it. I put this up some time ago, and a gentleman said to me, "Mr. Clark, you cannot be right when you say that they took into consideration the getting of working capital through these rates." . I replied, "Yes, I am right about it." "No, you cannot be right," he answered, and I said, "I admit it is unbelievable, but it is so." Now, let me read it to you: "In properly appraising all these elements of value, we are mindful of the fact that the carriers are operating units and going concerns. This fact has been given due consideration in the light of the financial history of the transportation systems of the United States, as developed by the record and as known to us. The needs for working capital and materials and supplies on hand have been considered and allowance therefor has been made.' That is out of ex parte 74 (58 I. C. C. 220-229), in which the ruling was made, and that is the ruling of the commission. Where they need work- ing capital, they are just reaching down into your pocketbook and taking out what they want and putting it into the pocket of the other fellow for working capital. Is that a fair basis for rate-making? I would say that a fair basis for rate-making is the value of the service rendered, and whenever you get away from the value of the service rendered, you go to a false economic basis and it is bound to lead some to ruin, because somebody gets the thing that he doesn't earn. That is the thing that we are working with. How can we remedy it? I'll tell you how to remedy it. It doesn't take a genius to write a law. I think I can write one myself. All you have to say is that the congress of the United States shall repeal all these sections of this law and substitute in place thereof that the Inter- state Commerce Commission, in fixing rates, shall initiate and determine rates, and put them into force, that will measure the value of service rendered. Now, that doesn't take very much time, does it? But let me tell you, my friends, it takes a lot of courage, because I know and you know the power that is brought to bear upon the man who wants to represent the public in these matters, and especially the agi'icultural in- terests— he has got to be made of iron. The bonds of the railroads of this country are 11 billion dollars. Mind you, 11 billion dollars. I am talking by the books. I don't mean to say REPORT OF IOWA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION 421 by that that I am trying to tell you the last dollar — but in round numbers, 11 billion dollars. Ten billion dollars of that draws 4 per cent interest, and the other is refunding debt and draws 7 per cent. Some of it is refunding debt and draws 7 per cent, but it is 11 billion dollars, anyway. Now, you know and I know that those bonds were never sold for par — 100 cents on the dollar — were they? The railroads never got into the treasury of their companies 100 cents on the dollar for those bonds. Some estimates compute that it is 85 cents on the dollar; but I am going to call it 100 cents on the dollar in my argument, for two reasons: First, for the reason that a billion or two doesn't cut much figure in these days, and, second, that these bonds are largely in the hands of men and women and children as trust estates all over the country — people we call innocent purchasers. The government has permitted it, and we will stand for it. The outstanding stocks of the railroads prior to the present exploita- tion 1919 aggregated six billion 314 million dollars. You know and I know that they never sold for par — 100 cents on the dollar. They never sold for 50 cents on the dollar. My friend, John Cownie, down here re- members when the stock of the Rock Island was multiplied four times in one year, and no money has gone into it since. The Lackawanna in 1920 doubled its capital stock from 45 million to 90 million without a dollar of money going into the treasury. The Burlington raised its capital stock from 110 million to 170 million in 1920 without putting a dollar into the treasury. That is what I call exploiting the public. What do you call it? What I want to get rid of, my friends, is another forty years of ex- ploitation of the public by the transportation systems of this country, and isn't that the right thing to do? We had six billion 314 million dollars worth of stocks. Let's call it six billion dollars, in round numbers. If we figure 50 cents on the dollar, we are very liberal, aren't we? No one will contend that they ever got 50 cents on the dollar for that stock. That would leave their stock at three billion dollars, wouldn't it? Now, let's see what that represents. The three billion dollars worth of stock represents the property owned by the railroads, first, that is kept for and used in transportation, and, sec- ond, that is owned by the railroads but not kept for or used in trans- portation. There are two kinds of property. The Interstate Commerce Commission has valued only the property that is kept for and used in transportation. In other words, you on your farm have your horses and your cattle, and all that, and you keep that for use in your farming in- dustry. You have stocks and bonds that are not kept for or used in your business. Don't you see the distinction? All right! Now, the railroads have that property. It is estimated — and the vice president of one of the railroads who challenged the statements .1 made doesn't dispute the estimate — that that property is worth three billion dollars. That three billion dollars has been gathered by these railroads from rates. If you take that three billion dollars from the earnings of the stock, don't you see, their stock is retired, and you have the 11 billion dollars of bonds representing the value of those railroads. I want to be more than fair, and for this argument only I am going to concede that the surplus that has been built up from year to year during all the years that these railroads have been running has been put back 422 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART V into the roads. In other words, you know, if you invest one dollar and that earns some interest, and that is kept in, that is called surplus. Now, that surplus is two billion dollars, more or less, but I am going to call it two billion dollars; your bonds are 11 billion, and your total therefore is 13 billion dollars. That is the total of all of the railroads of the United States, and yet the Interstate Commerce Commission has fixed it at nearly 19 billion dollars, and you, the producers of this country, are pay- ing 6 per cent on this six billion dollars that never went into those roads. That is done under this law. Is it fair? Is it right? Why, my friends, 6 per cent on that six billion dollars is 360 million dollars, and that is 2 per cent on the amount that they are asking for. You see it, don't you? It is perfectly plain. It is being said that these roads are not earning this money. Well, now, I have before me the sworn statement of the railroads as published by the Wall Street Journal and I am taking the railroads' own statement for it. I am taking eleven months only, because that is all that is in — they have not given December yet, but I have figured that December will produce as much as November, so as to get twelve months. They earned 66 million dollars, net, in November, and I have called it 66 million for December. The total net railway operating income after deducting every- thing was 630 million dollars. Some time ago I joined a little organization down in New York City. 1 didn't know just what it was when I joined it, but wanting information I would join pretty nearly anything that comes along. It is called the American Railway Statistics and Economic Department, and they point out this fact — let me show you what they do: There are a large number of these railroads, you know, that are leased by the operating company. That is to say, the operating company leases it from the owning com- pany and they pay a rental for it. Now, when they get 6 per cent on the value of that road, if they do earn it, is it fair to charge up what they pay out for rental? But that is just what they do. And of railroads in the United States so operated, it amounted to 129 million 900 thousand dollars. I'll call it 130 million dollars. It is like renting your farm to me and I pay you $5 an acre for it; then you go to the government and say, "I want 6 per cent on the value of that farm," and the government says, "All right, I'll give you 6 per cent on it," and 6 per cent on $200 an acre is $12 per acre, but you don't give the government credit for the $5 that I pay you. You are getting that $5 twice. That is what they have done to the extent of 120 million dollars, according to this report. You add that to the other amounts, and you have 790 million dollars. Here is another simple little thing. They get 6 per cent on this value of 11 billion dollars represented by their bonds — they get it on all their property. They pay 4 per cent on their bonds and get 6 per cent, and that is 2 per cent more. Now, if you reduce them down to their original value, what the value ought to be, they are getting way in excess of what they should. I am going to show to you what a road or two has done, and then I will quit. Are you interested in the Burlington railroad, or the Rock Island, to know what they are doing? Let me tell you what they are doing, — I have got figures right here. REPORT OF IOWA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION 423 The Rock Island has 180 million dollars of bonds; 55 million dollars of 7 per cent preferred stock. The bonds, as I have said, are largely pro- portionately 4 per cent, but to be fair I have figured on the basis of 5 per cent. The common stock is 75 million, figured at par. The net operating income of the Rock Island in twenty months was 20 million 897 thousand dollars. So this broken down Rock Island, after deducting 10 million 129 thousand dollars, leaves a net income for eleven months of 10 million 768 thousand dollars, or a little better than 14 per cent. Pretty good piece of property! I just want at this point to tell you this story: They say to you, and I have heard it said, that today railroad stocks and bonds have gone down just the same as farm lands — aren't the holders of these securities losing just as much as you are losing? That sounds, at first flush, that the other fellow is getting it just as we are. Remember, the stocks and bonds of the railroads amount at par only to 17 billion, but they are getting 6 per cent — they are getting less than 6 per cent by the returns that are here, they are getting probably a little over 5 per cent now, after taking out working* capital and all these funds I have told you about, or more than their par value. Now, I want to know, if you farmers are getting 6 per cent on more than the value of your ground, if you care very much how they quote it? If you were paying $250 an acre for land and were getting 6 per cent on $300 an acre valuation, you wouldn't care what they quoted it at, would you? That is the situation, and it is the result of the transportation act. But it is more than that. Let me tell you what it does. It is the first time in the history of the United States of America where the legislative body of the country has classified property and made one property have preference over another. They have set aside these (I concede) 13 bil- lion dollars worth of railroad property — they say 19 billion; they have set that off in a class against all the other property in the United States and say that that property shall have an income whether any other prop- erty shall have an income or not, or whether every other piece of prop- erty goes into bankruptcy or not. Do you see what it has done? That is the first time that that has been done. The Sherman anti-trust act was for the purpose of getting rid of it where it was done covertly, but this is the first time that the law has validated such a thing. Here is the cement trust, here is the steel trust — they fix a price where they get a return whether anybody else gets one or not, but they do it, and there may be some grumble that it was in violation of the law. They maintain a price because they have control of the market. Don't you see? That, however, wouldn't be true of the railroads, but the legislature steps in and says, "As to this property, it shall have a return whether anyone else does or not." The assessed valuation of all the property in Iowa is about 19 billion dollars. Now, let us assume, for illustration, that the congress of the United States should pass a law tomorrow pro- viding that all the property in the State of Iowa should have a net return of 6 per cent, and that everybody else must contribute to the things that we produce so that we will get our 6 per cent net. How many people do you think would stand it? Do you think the people of Minnesota or 424 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART V Kansas would stand it? Not for a minute! But that is just what they have done. They have classified this property and given it a preference. In what I am saying, I do not want to be understood as talking against transportation companies. Not by any means. Transportation is an absolute necessity. There is no substitute for it — for steam transporta- tion. We must have it, and I say, in my judgment the best possible con- dition that it can be kept in is the cheapest way to keep it — keep it in the very highest and very greatest state of perfection; keep it so that it will serve the business in the community as it would to be, and we cannot afford to have it in any other way; but this agricultural country cannot stand this drain or preference of one property over another. It is not fair and it is not sound, and we have got to get on a sound basis. SPEECH OF DR. K. W. STOUDER I have written a paper which will briefly sum up my subject, not animal diseases particularly, but swine diseases. I am therefore going to speak more particularly of swine diseases in Iowa. Swine production on a large scale reaches its height here in Iowa. No area in the world of similar size produces so many million head as do the farms of Iowa, so our pork crop is a very large factor in the world's food supply. We have long held this supremacy and maintain it in a large measure because the grains produced here serve so well in making pork and our climate is favorable to the feeding of the animal to maximum weight and finish in record time. This high record of pork production necessitates the crowding together of our animals and the continued use of the land for one crop to such an extent that we often experience disasters in the nature of parasitic and contagious disease invasion. The most important of these is hog cholera. The losses in Iowa from this disease alone annually amount to millions of dollars. The figure is seldom less than $3,000,000 and has been as high as $35,000,000 in one season, yet this disease is preventable. Its preven- tion lies in the education of the hog owner. The diseases and parasites of swine that can be demonstrated today as the cause of loss have long been recognized. Among the parasites seen here in Iowa are the hog louse and the mange mite, which live externally on the hog. They seldom kill, but they do seriously interfere with the welfare of the hogs and make gains cost much more than they should in many hog lots. These parasites are easily killed with dips in summer and oil in winter if a general clean-up of the pens goes hand in hand with the treatment of the individual, so it is strange indeed that hog raisers tolerate them as much as they do. The worms so common in our hog lots live for the most part inside the body of the hog. The lung-worm, a fine white hair-like worm, is seen sometimes in our Iowa hogs, producing low vitality and dying pigs from the damage it does to the lung. Obviously no drug can reach this worm in its mature stage deep down in the lung to destroy it and not seriously damage the lung tissue. The control of this parasite lies in preventing its spread. Do this by remembering that a pig will have no lung worms unless he gets eggs of the parasites into his body. He can only get these REPORT OF IOWA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION 425 eggs by swallowing food or water contaminated with the droppings of infested hogs. Frequent rotation of the hog crop to new and clean lands will do more to check this parasite than all the drugs one can buy. Since the common white worm of the intestine is also spread by the eggs, mature females producing new crops of hogs can be protected from it by the same procedure that controls the lung worm. One county in the corn belt has had as a major demonstration for some time the proper management of swine to prevent worm infestation and they have shown that practical methods of herd handling are easily instituted on any farm that will prevent these parasites from getting a foothold in the herd. Briefly stated, it is handling the hogs in clean places with frequent rota- tion to new pastures and lots. Actual losses among our swine occur principally from contagious or infectious diseases, but a careful consideration of this phase of the sub- ject does not demonstrate the discovery of any disease of swine in recent years that was not recognized by our best authorities of several decades ago. In spite of this, there are those who would have us believe many valuable and wonderful new findings have been made in recent years in the field of hog diseases. Indeed, such emphasis has been put upon certain diseases of swine in some communities as to confound and confuse both veterinarian and hog owner until some have almost despaired of ever undertaking the matter at all. A little careful investigation of affairs will usually convince one thai much of this discussion of mixed infection and new diseases of swine has been a sort of smoke-screen to cloak ignorance of the true con- dition existing or for a means of getting dollars by some unscrupulous individual. Pages have been written regarding it and innumerable discussions pre- sented by its sponsors, but their own conception of the disease seems poorly founded, for the more it is discussed the less they teach and specifi(5s in the nature of vaccines while widely exploited as curative have failed miserably to give results. Realizing that many are misled by the government license label on these goods, the American Veterinary Medical Association more than a year ago recommended that inspection and license be refused to all these vaccines of questionable merit and it is safe to say had this suggestion been adopted many Iowa farmers would still have some hogs to feed instead of a dead herd lost from cholera while some one was busy in- jecting these worthless vaccines into them under the impression they were treating a disease that did not exist. The stockman bears most of this burden and should join with the ethical veterinarians to do all we possibly can to check this business which costs so much and permits cholera to spread all over the state. The facts as we know them now regarding infectious diseases of swine indicate that there are three different conditions to deal with: First, hog cholera, a disease that is truly speaking a septicemia. That is to say, it is due to a virus that multiplies in the body of hogs and saturates all the body fluids, producing lesions to a greater or lesser extent in practically all organs, but no constant set of lesions in any organ. True, it usually produces visible changes of a hemorrhagic character of kid- 426 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART V ney, intestine, bladder, and lymph glands, but there are cases of death from cholera virus with little change in the carcass so far as the naked eye can detect. In this connection the history of the disease is of vast importance and should always be given due weight in arriving at a diagnosis of the nature of the disease to contend with. Remember that when a disease seems epidemic in a community and hogs are actually dying from it, there is nine chances in ten that it is hog cholera, for this infection is responsible for 90 per cent of the hogs we lose from contagious diseases. Proceed on the plan that it is safer to assume that you have cholera to deal with if you have sick hogs and that it is your task to prove that it is not cholera rather than the reverse attitude which so many assume. Surely it is not necessary to again emphasize that we can control hog cholera, but it is pertinent to say that it is indeed regretable after science and ex- perience has discovered and perfected a means of protecting swine against this age-old scourge that is really responsible for most of oiir hog losses the country should be still suffering the heavy losses it endures, yet so cheaply avoided. When cholera is epidemic as it is today and has been for several months over a large area of the corn belt, the hog owner should remember that it is almost best to insure the herd in advance by vaccinating them while healthy, for results are not nearly so good in using anti-hog cholera serum as a curative as it is to make thrifty hogs immune to the infection of cholera. II. Swine Plague This is mentioned more than it used to be, and we no doubt have cases of swine plague to deal with in Iowa at times. This disease has been recognized for years both in Europe and America. It produces its lesions in the lung tissues and in lymphatic glands. The onset is usually sudden and the animal seems quite prostrate, but the death loss is exceedingly low and recovery as rapid and complete as the start was sudden. Actual deaths from swine plague seldom exceed 5 per cent of the herd under good care and management. Several seasons of observation impel me to say that no one as yet has demonstrated either a cure or prevention for this disease. In spite of this fact, how- ever, there has been a wide use of so-called "mixed infection" bacterin, swine plague vaccine, and hemorrhagic septicemia vaccine for swine in our hog yards the past few seasons. This would not be so lamentable were it not for the fact that in scores of cases sick herds have been as- sumed to have swine plague, flu or mixed infection and as a result re- ceived one to three treatments with these worthless bacterins when the filterable virus of hog cholera was at the root of the trouble and anti- hog-cholera serum used early would have saved most of the herd from death. Good money was wasted for worthless medication and hogs were permitted to die that could have been saved by intelligent diagnosis of the existing disease. From September to April simple pneumonia, lung fever, congestion of the lungs, or whatever one wishes to term it, is a frequent cause of trouble among swine. In most cases it is because of overcrowded hog houses, REPORT OF IOWA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION 427 excessively tight houses where air becomes bad and floors damp before morning, or it may be seen under directly reverse conditions such as a floor up off of the ground that is as a result cold and thus causes the hogs to pile up to keep warm. Either this or the drafty floor due to roof cupolas and open doors that keep constant air currents playing over the herd while they try to sleep. See that your swine have plenty of sleeping space well bedded, not close and stuffy and not drafty. In properly ven- tilated buildings few cases of flu or pneumonia occur and a fatality is rare indeed, but cold winds over the floors where hogs are sleeping often results in trouble. III. Necrobacillosis Chronic hog cholera, diptheretic, enteritis, necrotec enteritis and mixed infection of the intestines are names given to a disease that occurs some- where along the digestive tube from mouth to intestinal tract. Its cause is the accumulation of too much filth by the young pig as he grows. If it lodges in wounds of the gums, it multiplies, honeycombs the jawbone and produces enlargements of the face that stockmen often call "bull-nose" or pressing in on the nostril impairs the breathing and is named "sniffles." Many cases occur where the organisms do the greatest damage to the intestinal tube causing inflammation of a greater or lesser extent which may appear as a simple redness or a thickening of the in- testinal wall. More severe cases show sloughing patches of whitish or yellow diptheretic membranes and flakes of yellow pus. Such pigs may eat at times and at other times be off feed. They may show scouring and diarrhea alternated with constipation, but because of the inability of the sore intestine to digest food and absorb it the most pronounced symptom is progressive emaciation, stunted growth, and in many cases death. Some forms of this disease have been mistaken for hog cholera and indeed the two infections may be coincident in the herd. Vaccina- tion of pigs suffering from necrotic enteritis with the simultaneous treat- ment for cholera usually results in death to a large number. This has accounted for some so-called serum breaks. For this disease there is no specific. Vaccines have been widely used both as preventive and curative treatment. In our observation they are worthless and sometimes do a positive damage by increasing the death loss. Prevention of the occurrence of this disease is possible. To accom- plish it, rotate the pigs to new land often. Abolish the mud-hole, espe- cially for the sow with her litter suckling. Provide clean water and clean feed in clean troughs or water-fountains that pigs cannot wash the feet in before eating and drinking. Mild cases may be checked if seen and treated in the early stages by the use of weak solutions of copper sul- phate or acetic acid in water at intervals of a few days, but prevention is much easier and more satisfactory. In conclusion, we have perhaps three infections among swine to con- tend with. Two of them can largely be prevented by making surround- ings and conditions favorable for the development of thrift in the pigs. Feeds that are clean, fed in clean places, rations well-balanced with plenty of proteins, especially for the growing pig and breeding animals. Clean yards to minimize chances of infection and to check parasites 428 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART V from multiplying. Light, airy houses without floor drafts and with deep straw beds that are not cold beneath. Exercise, too, in reason, must not be forgotten for the young and breeding stock especially. The other trouble, hog cholera, is an infection once contracted is very likely to result in death of the individual, but hogs can be made immune to it safely and cheaply. Surely, there is little reason for us to suffer the losses we do in our hog lots. A decade of experience, however, has taught us that disease- control in any instance rests first upon accurate diagnosis of the trouble. This necessitates ability based upon specialized study and experience. II the herd is ailing, therefore, the best advice one can give is to segregate the cause of disease. Quarantine the herd so as to reduce the spread, if it proves to be infectious. Notify the neighbors so that they can protect themselves from loss. Burn the dead. Clean and disinfect the pens and if it proves to be cholera use anti-hog cholera serum on the well and stronger hogs early and generously. RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED 1. We wish to congratulate the officers and members of the Iowa Farm Bureau Federation on the successful accomplishment of most of the pro- gram of work and legislation as outlined in the resolutions adopted at the convention a year ago, and to commend them for their zeal and energy in promoting the interests of the farmers. 2. We commend the work of the legislative committee in the last ses- sion of the legislature as shown by the accomplishments, and for the work done in preparation for the proposed revision of the code, and urge them to prepare the new code revision work before the next session of the legislature. 3. That we endorse the recommendations for 1922 of Secretary Cun- ningham as outlined to this convention. 4. We again endorse the principles of cooperative marketing of farm products and urge our senators and representatives in congress to insist on early enactment of laws clearly defining such right. 5. That we commend the efforts of the U. S. Grain Growers in their purpose to provide a means for more orderly method of marketing of grain, and urge all producers to give the plan open minded consideration. 6. We approve the work of the Live Stock Marketing Committee of Fifteen, and the plan submitted for the marketing of live stock through cooperative agencies at cost, and urge all farmers and cooperative ship- ping associations to assist in making them a success. 7. Agriculture has long felt the want of a finance system peculiar to its needs. Believing that the Iowa Farm Credit Corporation will supply the necessary finance to make cooperative marketing possible, we urge our farmers to support the corporation to the end that the necessary capital may be subscribed at the earliest possible date. 7-A. We wish to pledge the power of our Federation to drive into active operation at the earliest possible moment the cooperative selling and financing agencies we have sponsored and which agriculture so sorely needs. 8. We suggest that a careful investigation be made of the cooperative REPORT OF IOWA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION 429 banking plans of the different states with a view of determining the practicability of such institution in an agricultural state. 9. We favor some plan by which the government of the United States may safely extend a long time credit to the governments of Europe to be used only for the purpose of purchasing farm and factory products and raw materials in this country. 10. We urge farmers to support all mutual insurance companies man- aged by them and for their own benefit. 11. We denounce the principle of guaranteeing a fixed return to rail- roads on a cost-plus basis, and demand of the congress of the United States that Section 15-A of the Esch-Cummins Act be repealed, and further demand the repeal or amendment of any or all parts of said act that in any way could be interpreted as authorizing the granting of fixed return to railroads. 12. We demand of congress the adoption of such amendments to the Interstate Commerce Act as amended by the Esch-Cummins bill as will define and curtail the powers of the Interstate Commerce Commission to the extent of protecting and preserving the powers of the State Railroad Commissions with relation to intrastate rates, services and facilities, and the local affairs of common carriers within the States, and as shall confine complaints before the Interstate Commerce Commission against such rates, regulations and practices, upon the ground of alleged discrimination, to persons and localities injuriously affected thereby. 13. A policy of real retrenchment and strictest economy should be adopted by all taxing bodies. The expenditure of public funds should be confined to absolute necessities. The letting of expensive road building contracts and all unnecessary construction of a public nature should be deferred. 14. We recommend legislation providing that State funds shall be de- posited in each county and drawn upon by the State Treasurer for monthly disbursements on a pro rata basis. Surplus public funds should, so far as practical, be available to all communities. 15. We favor the repeal or amendment of the law which authorizes the issuance of county funding bonds without a vote of the people, so that the law can be applied only in extreme emergency cases. 16. We favor an amendment to our present road law which will permit a portion of the auto license reverting back to the secondary road fund in each county. We favor a farm-to-market road building plan under the authority of the Board of Supervisors. 17. We recommend that all the costs of construction, maintenance and relocation of primary roads be paid out of the primary road funds. 18. We pledge our continued support to the Executive Council in their endeavor to equalize the burdens of taxation. 19. We endorse the activities of the Agricultural Bloc in Congress in procuring the enactment of much needed legislation for the farmers' relief, and pledge them our continued support in their efforts to relieve the distressing situation surrounding agriculture. 20. That we present all the facts on corn reduction and acreage to our membership, and that we entrust each farmer to adjust his acreage in accordance with his own judgment. 430 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART V 21. We favor some plan of publicity whereby the works of the various units, township, county, state and national, can be made more available to the members. 22. We appreciate the helpfulness of our farm women in maintaining the morale of farm bureau membership, and in giving material aid to the activities of our local farm bureau units, and favor a more general move- ment for such cooperative work on a larger workable basis to the end that our active organization may never grow away from its natural setting of the Iowa Farm Home. 23. Realizing the great value of the advice and counsel of women In questions relating to community and home life, we recommend that the Executive Committee select from the farm women of Iowa a woman mem- ber of the committee who shall have all the privileges of ex-officio mem- bers. 24. We commend the American Farm Bureau Federation and our execu- tive officers for their success in procuring the 16 per cent reduction in freight rates on grain and hay. 25. We will do everything in our power to aid and secure to the laboring man just wages and good working conditions when efficient service is rendered. We are deeply concerned in assuring lawful and orderly protection to every citizen, and are unalterably opposed to organized strikes and lock- outs which interfere with the orderly conduct of business. 26. We endorse the adjusted Compensation Act for soldiers of the world war, and urge the people to support it as a public duty, as well as an act of justice. 27. We wish to endorse the resolutions adopted by the American Farm Bureau Federation at the recent annual convention at Atlanta, Georgia, placing particular emphasis on the following sections: Tariff — We request of Congress the enactment of tariff legislation at once which will give to the farmers of America that measure of protection that may be necessary to equalize the difference between the costs of produc- tion of farm products in this country and in competing nations. Tax — ^We heartily endorse the following principles as the foundation of our national tax policy. 1. The measure of ability to pay taxes for the support of the National Government is NET INCOME, and the bulk of the taxes should be levied and collected on that basis. 2. The tax should be progressive; that is, the greater the income the higher the rate. 3. As this is a country of all the people, all the people should have some part in supporting the Government; hence, a certain part of the revenue may justly be raised by means of consumption taxes. We are opposed to the issuing of all tax free securities, and request that Congress submit a constitutional amendment to the several states to cure this defect in our tax system. We disapprove the repeal of the Excess Profit tax. We are opposed to the principle of a General Sales Tax, or any similar plan such as the General Manufacturers' Tax. While recognizing that the first consideration in any tax measure is the raising of revenue, its collat- REPORT OP IOWA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION 431 eral effects must not be lost sight of and in so far as it is practicable the taxes should be so laid as to tend to the distribution of wealth in the hands of the many, and not to its concentration in the hands of the few. Finance — ^^^e ask: (a) Proper credit for farmers on twelve and twenty-four months' paper, instead of the short term credit now available. (b) The proper authorization for commodity financing based upon ware- house receipts. (c) Live Stock financing, based upon a proper pledge. (d) Personal rural credits, secured by proper insurance features, and the creating of machinery that will allow cooperative societies to get money direct. (e) That the Federal Board direct its policies so that Primary produc- tion may be given the consideration which it merits. We ask: The appointment of a committee to carefully prepare and present to Congress as the views of our membership a bill which will so amend exist- ing laws as to secure to every American citizen an adequate and proper system of financing which shall be truly national in its character, safe, sound and administered under the direction of an independent and repre- sentative board of directors, representing every phase of our national life, so that Congress shall not only "coin money and regulate the value there- of," but will carry out the true spirit of the constitution by regulating the expansion and reduction of credit, not with a view of private gain, but in such a way as to protect the interest of all our citizens and secure and promote the public welfare. PuNic Boards and Commissions — ^We urge that appointments on all boards and committees should be so made that the interests of agricul- ture may be protected and conserved. Truth in Fahric — We ask Congress in the interests of public welfare to enact truth-in-fabric legislation. Transportation — (a) We object to the carriers being granted more for the short haul than for the long haul in rail freight rates. (b) We urge the development of the St. Lawrence Deep Waterway and other inland waterway projects which will make possible water transpor- tation to many of our inland sections. (c) We urge Congress to restore full rights to the State Railway Com- missions as they existed prior to the war. Pittshurgh Plus — We condemn the Pittsburgh plus principle, which adds a fictitious freight rate to the price of steel and other commodities, and we urge the correction of this abuse. Organization Cooperation With Us — We invite all other farm organiza- tions to cooperate with us to the fullest extent in our efforts to safeguard farm interests. Arms Reduction — Offering a heartfelt prayer that the peoples of the earth may never again engage in wars or experience the horrors attendant thereto, we pledge to our Govenment and its representativs at the Arms Limitations Conference our utmost support, to the end that armed conflict between nations may be forever abolished from the face of the earth. 432 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART V ELECTION OF OFFICERS Officers were elected for the year 1922 as follows: President— C. W. Hunt of Logan; Vice President— Charles E. Hearst of Cedar Falls; Secretary-Treasurer— E. H. Cunningham of Cresco. Members of board of directors from even numbered districts: Second District — John T. Hansen, Davenport. Fourth District — L. S. Fisher, Edgewood. Sixth District— I. N. Taylor, Oskaloosa. Eighth District — J. H. Lynam, Corning. Tenth District — J. H. Nordhausen, Manson. Directors from odd numbered districts follow: First District— Wm. Kitch, Mt. Pleasant. Third District — A. L. Middleton, Eagle Grove. Fifth District — David Mackie, Vinton. Seventh District — Frank Justice, Berwick. Ninth District— W. W. Latta, Logan. Eleventh District — Oscar Heline, Marcus. PART VI State Food and Dairy Commissioner's Report for Year 1921 W. B. Barney, Cominissioner From our 1920 report we quote the following as to eco- nomic conditions. Economic readjustment has been the chief problem of the past year. Disturbed and abnormal conditions, the heritage of every great war, mean a trying period of reconstruction for every nation involved — a period of economic warfare between conflicting interests during which many suffer and few are benefited. Following every great crisis comes a period of high prices and great business activity during which extrav- agance is the rule of the hour and a false feeling of prosperity, in- duced by the circulation of tremendous amounts of deflated money, gives the wage earner in particular, a feeling of financial security which history does not show to be justified. This in turn is followed by a true period of readjustment, when, because of the inability of the great mass of consumers to pay the prices established by inflation, prices again seek their normal level. We are free to admit at this time that we have not passed through this period without serious difficulties and that this is especially true in its application to the farmer. It is very well for some of our economists to travel over the country telling our people that the w^orst is over, but times in this and other agricultural districts are not going to be very much better so long as the farmer must accept from 20 to 25 cents for oats and from 30 to 35 cents for corn and 2 to 3 cents for green hides, all of which are less than pre-war prices, much less than the cost of production. These prices lessen his purchasing power, so that he is no longer able to pay forty to sixty dollars for a suit of clothes and one to one dollar and a half for a neck-tie and eight to twelve dollars for a pair of shoes, with other articles of wearing ap- parel for himself and family in the same proportion. Conditions will not be materially improved until the farm- er can get at least somewhere near the cost of production, or a little profit. This he cannot do at this writing. Either his prod- 28 434 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI ucts must be materially increased in price or the things he is obliged to purchase must stand somewhere near the same per- centage of reduction he has been obliged to accept on his prod- ucts. Corn sold as high as $1.60 to $1.80. We will admit that possibly this was an unreasonably high price, perhaps just as far from its real value as 25 to 30 cents is at this time. I recent- ly overheard the following conversation between two gentle- men, coming out of a restaurant. One asked the other if he had had a good meal ; the answer was that he should have had, as he had eaten three bushels of corn. There is no reason why the railroads should get more for transporting a bushel of corn to the seaboard than the Iowa farmer gets for raising it. There has been too much alarm about some of our railroads going into bankruptcy and too little consideration given to the farmer who is, or w411 be, in bank- ruptcy. The railroads should do their share of bringing the country back to normal, the same as the farmer has had to do. An industry as well organized as our railroads, generally is quite able to protect itself. It is only through the help of the Iowa Farm Bureau that the farmer has received the protection that he has been able to get. The dairy farmer has suflered less in the readjustment than any other branch of the agricultural industry. Dairy prod- ucts have not depreciated in price in the same proportion that grain, cattle and hogs have. This matter will be treated at greater length in another part of this report. TUBERCULOSIS IN OUR DAIRY HERDS A great advance has been made in cleaning up our milk producing herds within the last two or three years. Possibly, in no other year have as many applications been filed request- ing the tests as in the year just drawing to a close. The fact that the Thirty-Ninth General Assembly put a provision in the law giving preference to dairy herds had a good effect. Be- sides this, the new law gave cities and towns greater authority than they had ever before enjoyed to enact ordinances having for their purpose the regulation of the milk supply. House File No. 361 reads as follows, and is of no little im- portance to those who are interested: Cities and towns, including cities under special charter, in addition REPORT STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 435 to powers already granted, shall have within their corporate limits the power by ordinance (1) To provide for the inspection of milk, skimmed milk, buttermilk and cream, for domestic or potable use. (2) To establish and enforce sanitary requirements for the production, handling and distribution of milk, skimmed milk, buttermilk and cream for domestic or potable use. (3) To compel the tuberculin test by an accredited veterinarian for dairy cattle supplying milk for human con- sumption. (4) To provide for the pasteurization of milk, skimmed milk and cream, except that produced from a cow or herd of cows which have been placed and maintained under state or federal super- vision for the eradication of tuberculosis, provided that, a cow or herd of cows shall be considered under such supervision when there is on hie in the office of the commission of animal health an application for such supervision, and except that produced from a cow or herd of cows which have been tested and found free of tuberculosis by an "accredit- ed" practicing veterinarian. Any ordinance requiring a tuberculin test of a cow or herd of cows, whose milk is or shall be sold within the corporate limits of any city or town, as provided in this act, shall further provide that if such test has not been previously made, it may be applied at any time within six (6) months from the date of the passage of such ordinance, and the pro- visions thereof shall apply only after the expiration of said period. For the purposes of this act an "accredited" practicing veterinarian is one who has successfully passed an examination of the bureau of animal industry of the United States Department of Agriculture and the commission of animal health of this state and is authorized to make tuberculin tests of accredited herds of cattle under the provisions of section six (6) of the uniform methods and rules governing accredited herd work which was approved by the bureau of animal industry of the United States Department of Agriculture, December 6, 1920. Nothing in this act shall be construed as giving to such cities and towns authority to adopt ordinances in conflict with the state law, or to abrogate the authority now or hereafter vested in the state dairy and food commission. During the early part of 1921, this department began re- ceiving numerous requests for copies of an ordinance that would be suited to the needs of the different towns and cities throughout the state. It is perfectly easy to understand that it would be an extremely difificult matter to draw up an ordinance that would be suited to each and every city within the state, the variation in the size of the different' places having much to do with conditions under which milk is produced. I, finally, concluded to counsel with the dift'erent bodies, whose names you will find at the end of a ''Proposed Milk Or- dinance" which follows and is made a part of this report. With the help of the attorney general and after a number of confer- ences, with interested parties, we brought out what we termed 436 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI a proposed ordinance. We assume that it has met with consid- erable favor, as we have reason to beHeve that it has been en- acted in one hundred or more places. Quite a number of places have made only slight changes, but this was expected. PROPOSED MILK ORDINANCE Issued 3Iay 18, 1921, by VV. B. BARNEY, Dairy and Food Commissioner of tlie State of Iowa and approved by Animal Health Commission, State Board of Health, L.eague of Iowa Municipalities, State Dairy Council. Subject to such changes as may be deemed necessary to suit con- ditions in cities and towns where adopted. AN ORDINANCE providing for the inspection of milk, skim-milk, buttermilk and cream; to establish and enforce sanitary requirements for the production, distribution and handling thereof, and to require pasteurization, and for tuberculin tests of herds supplying same, and prescribing penalities for violation. Be it ordained by the Council of the City of Iowa: Section 1. For the purpose of this ordinance, milk is the fresh, clean, lacteal secretion obtained by the complete milking of one or more healthy cows, properly fed and kept; cream is the portion of milk, rich in milk fat, which rises to the surface of milk on standing, or is separated from it by centrifugal force, is fresh and clean, and skim- milk is the portion of milk, poor in fat, from which the cream has been removed. The term "skim-milk" shall also include the fresh, clean, lacteal secretion of one or more healthy cows and containing less than three per cent of milk fat or less than eleven and one-half per cent of milk solids. Sec. 2. It shall be unlawful to distribute or intend to distribute any milk, skim-milk or cream which is adulterated. For the purpose of this ordinance, milk, cream and skim-milk shall be considered adulterated: In case of milk, cream, and skim-milk: First. If any w^ater or any other substance has been added. Second. If it contains any visible dirt or be contained in any con- tainer which is not clean. Third. If it be obtained from any animal having disease, sickness, ulcer, abscess or running sore or which has been obtained from a cow within fifteen days before or five days after calving. Fourth. If it be obtained from a cow stabled in an unhealthful place or fed upon any substance in a state of putrification or of an un- healthful nature. In the case of milk: If it contains less than three per cent (3%) of milk fat or less than eleven and one-half per cent (11^%) of milk solids. REPORT STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 437 In the case of cream: If it contains less than sixteen per cent (16%) of milk fat. Sec. 3. It shall be unlawful to distribute or intend to distribute any misbranded milk, skim-milk or cream. For the purpose of this ordinance, milk, cream and skim-milk shall be considered to be misbranded. If it is labeled or branded so as to deceive or mislead the purchaser or if the package bears any statement, design or device which is false or misleading in any particular. Sec. 4. It shall be unlawful to distribute or intend to distribute any milk, cream or skim-milk without obtaining a milk license from the Dairy and Food Commission of the State of Iowa and recording such license with the clerk. The clerk shall keep a permanent record of all such licenses and all revocations thereof.* Sec. 5. It shall be unlawful to distribute or intend to distribute milk, skim-milk or cream unless the same is produced and distributed in strict compliance with the following rules and regulations: (a) All milk shall be bottled but shall not be bottled on any de- livery wagon or at any other place than in the milk house or milk plant, and shall be delivered in the original bottle. Nothing in this paragraph shall apply to consumers taking two gallons or more at one delivery. (b) No dirty or unwashed bottles shall be received or be in the possession of any distributor of milk. Milk bottles, milk cans or other containers for milk shall not be used for any other purpose than con- taining milk and milk products. Bottles, cans or other containers shall not be left at any dwelling or other building under quarantine so long as quarantine is maintained; but shall be emptied into a receptacle pro- vided by the person desiring milk at such quarantined place. (c) All raw milk, skim-milk or cream shall be the product of a healthy cow or herd of cows as determined by a physical examination, and produced from a cow or herd of cows which have been placed and maintained under State or Federal supervision for the eradication of tuberculosis, provided that, a cow or herd of cows shall be considered under such supervision where there is on file in the office of the Iowa Commission of Animal Health an application for such supervision, or which have been tested and found free of tuberculosis by an "accredit- ed" practicing veterinarian. A cow or herd of cows other than those placed under State or Federal supervision shall be tested for tubercu- losis at least once a year, and where reactors are found, they must be removed and a retest conducted within six months. No cow or cows shall be allowed to associate with or added to a cow or herd of cows which have been found free of tuberculosis, as above provided, except such cow or cows as have been found free of tuberculosis. For the ♦Under section IV of this ordinance no one distributing milk shall be required to take out a license except those distributing from a vehicle or store as provided in section 1444 C. C. 438 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI purpose of this ordinance, an ''accredited" practicing veterinarian is one who has successfully passed an examination of the Bureau of Animal Industry of the United States Department of Agriculture and the Commission of Animal Health of this State and is authorized to make tuberculin tests of accredited herds of cattle under the provision of section six (6) of the Uniform Methods and Rules governing accredited herd v^^ork which v/as approved by the Bureau of Animal Industry of the United States Department of Agriculture, December 6, 1920. Such tuberculin test of a cow or herd of cows, whose milk is to be distribut- ed, may be applied at any time within six (6) months from the date of the passage of this ordinance. (d) No milk or cream shall be distributed or intended for distri- bution except that produced from a cow or herd of cows as provided by paragraph (c), except it shall first have been efficiently pasteurized. Milk shall be deemed to have been efficiently pasteurized when it has been subjected to a temperature of approximately 145 degrees Fahren- heit and not less than 142 degrees, and held at this temperature for at least thirty minutes. Every pasteurizing apparatus shall be equipped with a standard type automatic time and temperature recording device which shall be attached, adjusted and used in a manner prescribed by the dairy inspector. The recording chart shall be dated and filed at the pasteurizing plant, and be available for inspection by the dairy in- spector. No milk produced by a cow or cows which have reacted to the tuberculin test shall be pasteurized and distributed or intended for distribution as fluid milk. (e) Barns in which milk is produced shall be clean, well lighted and ventilated, and shall have floors constructed of cement or other impervious material. Manure shall not be allowed to accumulate within fifty (50) feet of the barn. Cows shall be clean and free from visible dirt at all times. Milking shall be done with clean dry hands into some form of small top pail with smooth seams or with a properly cleaned and sterilized mechanical milker. (f) Milk shall be removed from the barns immediately after milking to a clean place and strained through new cotton or other clean efficient strainer. Milk shall be cooled immediately after milking to a temperature approximating that of well water or less and maintained at that temperature until delivered, except during the process of pasteurization. (g) All milk houses, milk depots, milk plants and milk distrib- uting vehicles shall be kept in a clean and sanitary condition at all times, in accordance with the standards and regulations fixed by the State law. (h) All utensils which come in contact with milk shall be thor- oughly washed and sterilized with live steam or boiling water or by any other effective and harmless method of sterilization approved by the dairy inspector. (i) All persons engaged in the production, handling and distri- REPORT STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 439 bution of milk shall be free from all communicable diseases and from any contact with any communicable disease. Every operator of a dairy farm, milk depot, milk distributing plant or milk delivery wagon shall within twenty-four hours notify the mayor or dairy inspector of the presence of any communicable disease on his farm, among his em- ployees or the families of his employees. (j) Every producer of milk which is distributed or intended for distribution, shall within twenty-four hours notify the mayor or dairy inspector of the presence of any disease among the cows producing any of the milk distributed by him. Sec. 6. It shall be unlawful to return any dirty or unwashed milk bottle, can or container to a distributor of milk, but all such shall be thoroughly rinsed with clean, cold water immediately after being emptied; or use any milk bottle, can or other container for any other purpose than containing milk or milk products. In case of quarantine, consumer shall provide a receptacle into which milk, skim-milk, butter- milk or cream shall be emptied. Sec. 7 The council shall appoint a suitable person as dairy in- spector at a salary to be fixed by the council by resolution. The dairy inspector shall familiarize himself with all State laws, ordinances and rules and regulations of all State officers and of the State and local Board of Health relating to the production and distribution of milk, skim-milk and cream, and shall see that all such laws, ordinances and rules are strictly enforced. He shall take samples of milk, skim-milk and cream distributed or intended for distribution for determining whether such complies wnth all State laws, ordinances, rules and regu- lations of all State officers, and of the State and local Board of Health. He shall inspect all dairies from which milk is distributed and all dis- tributing stations and places where milk is kept for distribution, to- gether with their equipment and employees. A complete record of all conditions found shall be filed with the mayor. The powers and duties of the dairy inspector may be exercised by, combined with or delegated to any other officer or employee by action of the council by resolution. In the discharge of his duties he shall co-operate with the State Dairy and Food Commissioner, the Animal Health Commission, and the State Board of Health. Sec. 8. Any one violating any of the provisions of this ordinance shall, upon conviction, be subject to imprisonment not exceeding thirty days or to a fine not exceeding one hundred dollars. Whenever the fine and costs, imposed for the violation of this ordinance, are not paid, the person convicted may be committed to jail until such fine and costs are paid, not exceeding thirty days. Sec. 9. All ordinances or parts of ordinances in conflict with this ordinance are hereby repealed. Sec. 10. This ordinance shall be in force from and after its pas- sage and publication as provided by law. 440 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI Dated at Des Moines, Iowa, May 18, 1921. Approved by DAIRY AND FOOD COMMISSION STATE BOARD OF HEALTH ANIMAL HEALTH COMMISSION LEAGUE OF IOWA MUNCIPALITIES STATE DAIRY COUNCIL This department has nothing to do with the enforcement of the law having for its purpose the eradication of tubercular cattle. We work in close co-operation with Dr. Peter Malcolm, State Veterinarian, but all correspondence in this matter should be addressed to him. PROPOSED DAIRY BUILDING AT FAIRGROUNDS In my 1920 Report, I called the attention of the Legisla- ture in the following language : ''An appropriation for the erection of a dairy building at the State Fair will be asked from the Legislature this winter. That Iowa's great dairy industry should have only two small booths and a refrigerator dis- play to represent it, at the greatest of all state fairs, is a matter of great surprise to visitors from other states. This apparent indifference to the dairy industry has been a source of considerable dissatisfaction to the various dairy organizations throughout the state. Complaints from ex- hibitors of dairy machinery and supplies are growing more numerous each year, until they have now reached the stage where threats to discontinue exhibiting are being heard. It is my opinion that this building should be second to none in the country. Besides ample space for the exhibiting of. dairy machinery and supplies, it should be large enough to permit of the serving of dairy products and contain a w^orking model of all phases of dairy manufacturing. By this, I mean that a creamery, market milk plant, ice cream factory, and cheese factory should be in actual operation each day of the fair. The opportunity to carry on educational w^ork among the men of Iowa's dairy i^lants by model factories of this kind is very great. Not only would a building of this kind possess great educa- tional value but it w^ould be a source of considerable revenue to the fair board." The above was written early in the summer, by the time the Legislature convened, agricultural products had taken such a drop and conditions were such that it seemed unwise to do anything or urge the erection of such a building, until materials and labor had declined in price in something like the same pro- portion as farm products. REPORT STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 441 I sincerely hope that as early as 1923 the readjustment period will have passed and times will be normal, so that the Fortieth General Assembly may deal generously with this most important matter. DAIRY COMMISSIONERS County From Date of First Nx-\ME Which Chosen Appointment Years served Henry D. Sherman Jones May 1, 1886. . . . 1886—1890 Augustus C. Tupper Mitchell May 1, 1890. . . . 1890—1894 William K. Boardman Story May 1, 1894. . . . 1894—1898 *Levi S Gates Delaware . . . . May 1, 1898. . . .1898— 1898 Byron P. Norton Howard Nov. 8, 1898 .... 1898—1902 Herbert R. Wright Polk May 1, 1902. . . . 1902—1906 *Died October 11th, 1898. Byron P. Norton appointed to fill vacancy. Note: Name of Office changed by Act of Thirty-first General Assembly to Dairy and Food Commissioner. DAIRY AND FOOD COMMISSIONERS Herbert R. Wright Polk July 1, 1906. . . . 1906—1910 William B. Barney Franklin May 1, 1910. ... 1910— DAIRY^ PRODUCTS Estimates of the income, received by the State, from Dairy Products, during the past year place the figures at $130,147,679.36, derived from the following sources: Creamery Butter $47,896,805.29 Ice Cream 6,138,839.30 Market Milk 24,869,492.83 Cheese 81,113.89 Cottage Cheese 260,000.00 Farm Dairy Butter 18,528,750.00 Condensed Milk 372,678.05 Skim-milk & Buttermilk 12,000.000.00 Fertilizer 20,000.000.00 With the exception of creamery butter, you will find that the foregoing figures show a decided decrease in values, as compared with the figures given in my 1920 report. I account for this by the declining of prices on all of our markets during the past year, as well as by a decrease in the amount of some of the products manufactured. 442 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI I, naturally, expected that prices would decline this year. However, I have been more than gratified during the entire year with the condition of our Dairy Markets, especially, when compared with the market values of all other farm products and we are confident that the milch cow has saved thousands of Iowa farmers from financial ruin. Corn, oats and other grains, as well as all forage crops pro- duced on our Iowa farms have been selling below the cost of production. Considering the favorable market value of Dairy Products, I decided that it was an opportune time to impress upon the low^a farmer the necessity of marketing considerable of his cheap grain, through the butterfat route, by feeding it to milch cows and with this in mind and with the help of Wal- laces' Farmer and some suggestions from the Dairy Husbandry Department of the Iowa State College, we issued the following poster. DAIRY FARMERS ATTENTION Market your corn and oats in the form of butterfat. No doubt you have heard considerable protesting against the low prices which producers are receiving for corn and oats. The figures mentioned below give a comparison of the return for corn and oats when fed to milk cows and should be of interest to all having to do with the dairy industry. Milk Cows Give the Following Values to Grains: Oats Value 37 40 42 44.6 47 49.5 52 54.5 This value of corn and oats takes into consideration the added labor of butterfat production and investment in cattle. SUGGESTIONS FOR FEEDING. The Dairy Husbandry Department of the Iowa State College, suggests the following rations to feed milk cows for the promotion of butterfat production and maximum use of Iowa's surplus corn crop: 400 pounds cracked corn or corn and cob meal; 200 pounds Ground Oats; 100 pounds Oil Meal or Cotton Seed Meal. Butterfat P: rice Corn Value 36 54 38 57.6 40 61 42 65 44 68.3 46 72 48 75.4 50 79 REPORT STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 443 One hundred pounds of ground soy beans is superior to oil meal or cotton seed meal and is being grown in some localities of Iowa. A ration not quite as satisfactory as the above may be made up of equal parts by weight of corn and cob meal, or cracked corn and ground oats. With this clover hay and corn ensilage should be fed. Generous feed- ing of milk cows with thoughtful management of the herd will do more to increase production of butterfat than anything and develop a higher cash market for Iowa's corn and oat crop. STATE DAIRY AND FOOD COMMISSION. W. B. BARNEY, Commissioner. We are inclined to believe that the suggestions offered on this poster were more or less popular at this time, as we have issued over 60,000 copies, all of which have been distributed over the state and they were mailed out only upon request. There has been very little change in the consumption of farm butter. However, I still believe, as I have stated in pre- vious reports, that ''While the use of good dairy butter upon the farm, or in towns adjacent to the place of its manufacture is not to be condemned, I feel that in general Iowa dairymen would profit more and more by sending a good grade of cream to the creamery, instead of converting it into butter on the farm. This applies, particularly, to dairy butter, which is traded in at the country store for merchandise, a practice which is still in vogue in many parts of this state. In many instances, these country stores receive such a large amount of dairy butter, of widely differing grades, that the only means which they have of dis- posing of it, is to send it to the renovating plant, where it is manufactured into low-grade butter. It is almost impossible to estimate the loss sustained from this practice but it is safe to say that it is very large." This not only applies to the farmer, or producer, but to the country merchant as well and I am inclined to place the blame for considerable of this loss upon the merchant, for the reason, that very few, if any, merchants are making a differential in the price per pound paid for the different grades of dairy butter. We understand that a great many Iowa merchants are more or less worried over this proposition, at this time, especially in southern Iowa and I would recommend as a solution of this problem, that all Iowa farm dairy butter be paid for strictly ac- cording to grade or quality. Reports from creameries show that over 5,000,000 pounds more of creamery butter was sold within the state than during 444 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI the previous year. We are inclined to believe that this is due to the decline in price, which has enabled a great many people of moderate means to use creamery butter, instead of oleo- margarine, which was the case when butter was beyond their reach in price. From a recent report, issued by the Internal Revenue De- partment, we are informed that there has been a 47^% de- crease in the consumption of oleomargarine, during the first nine months of the past year. We also learn from reports from the Federal Dairy Division that there has been a 19% increase in the production of dairy products, these reports are interest- ing, when compared with the reports from cold storage ware- houses, which show that there is less creamery butter in cold storage than on the same date one year ago. This indicates that the consumer prefers butter to oleomargarine, when there is not too great a difference in the price. This, also, confirms the fact that the American people pre- fer butter to any of its substitutes. In view of the fact that we have had such an enormous in- crease in production, during the past year and with every indi- cation pointing towards still greater production, during the coming year, I would recommend that the dairy interests of the state do all they can to stimulate the consumption of dairy prod- ucts, by appropriating liberal amounts for advertising and educational work, especially such work as is being carried on by organizations, such as the National Dairy Council, etc. A great amount of interest is now being taken by our Iowa Creameries in our State Butter Mark or as it is better known and more commonly called our State Brand. We have had a few more creameries each year who have applied for and quali- fied for the use of this Brand, however, the interest has not been as keen as we would like to have it. Market conditions at the time the Brand was originated were not as discriminate, as far as quality was concerned, as they are today and there was not much of an inducement for creameries to go to the expense and trouble of qualifying for the use of the Brand. However, the plants who have stayed by the Brand are now winning out, as market conditions have changed considerably. I believe there is a ready market, within the state, which would be willing to pay a premium for all the State Brand Butter which will be manufactured in Iowa for some time to REPORT STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 445 come, providing^ the State Brand creameries get together and arrange a plan for putting their product on our home markets. CREAMERY BUTTER The year 1921 shows a remarkable increase in Iowa's but- ter production. Iowa Creameries have manufactured 98,740,419 pounds of butter, which is 12,520,807 pounds more than was manufactured in 1920 and 1,111,631 pounds more than was manufactured in 1917, which was formerly our largest year of production, since I have been Commissioner. Despite the fact that the market price has declined con- siderable during the year, the total value of creamery butter manufactured has increased, due, of course, to the increase in production. This year's output sold for $47,896,805.29. This is $32,351.87 more than the total value last year, making this the Banner Year, as far as values are concerned. That there has been a marked improvement in the quality is not denied by any one, this condition has been brought about by several agencies, mainly, by market conditions, greater in- terest in grading and attention to details by our operators, in- creased interest in dairying on the part of all producers, which naturally, means greater interest in quality and by the increas- ed efforts of this Department and the Dairy Manufacturing Division of the Extension Department of the Iowa State College, along with the help of all our State Dairy Organiza- tions. To back us up with our contention that this is also our Banner Year, in regard to the improvement in quality we wish to refer you to the Banner, which was won on butter exhibited at the National Dairy Show, by our Iowa creameries. (A cut of which appears elsewhere in this report, along with the men who made the butter). A banner of this kind is offered each year by the National Creamery Buttermakers' Association. The state of Minnesota has won every banner, previously offered, I am very much grat- ified to know that Iowa can once more proclaim herself a qual- ity butter producing state. I noticed considerable more interest was being taken in the improvement of quality early in the year, especially was this true in regard to the butter scoring contests, which were held each month and after the exhibit at the Iowa State Fair and the 446 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI Dairy Cattle Congress^ at Waterloo, we found such a marked improvement in the quality that we predicted Iowa had a A^ery good chance to win the Banner at the National Show and later results proved that our prediction was correct. I am satisfied that most of the credit for improvement in quality must be given to our creamery operators. We are each year putting more and more of our creameries in charge of wide-awake, trained and up-to-date men, more of this sort of men are becoming interested in creamery work, for the reason, that our creamery managers, directors, etc., have begun to real- ize that they must pay salaries that will attract first class men to this work. To become a first class operator, it is necessary for a man to serve several years' apprenticeship and receive some Dairy School training. Helpers, or second men, as we sometimes call them, generally receive small salaries. Dairy School train- ing costs considerable money and good wide-awake men will not spend the time or money necessary to make them first class operators, unless they receive a salary commensurate with the training required to fit them for this class of work. REPORT STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 447 ^>- ..S mm:^.M'isM ^^ m 2mmMmL ^ri 21 SIIKTES COIIPETIH6 448 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI CONDENSED MILK The manufacture of condensed milk has gradually de- creased in Iowa since 1919. It seems that this product contin- ues to be a drug on the market, which condition can, probably, be accounted for by the fact that during the war there was an unlimited demand for this product. A very great amount of the output of this country was exported. During this time, (due to the enormous demand for this product), a great many new condenseries were erected, especially in some of the dairy districts of Wisconsin and some of the eastern states. Foreign demands, naturally, fell off with the close of the war, with the result that the markets of this country w^ere flooded with con- densed milk. A great many eastern plants have closed down during the past year or have installed the necessary equipment to convert their product into butter. We are in hopes that this condition will clarify itself dur- ing the coming year and that the industry Avill once more get back to a normal basis. As was reported last year, Iowa has but two condenseries. which are still operating although they have converted some of their product into butter. Their total output decreased in value during the year from $733,521.34 to $372,678.05. CHEESE The manufacture of cheese in Iowa shows a decrease of 458,640 pounds less than last year. Reports received by this department, also, show that there were but ten factories opera- ting, as compared w^ith seventeen one year ago and but one of these ten is in operation, at this time, the others having been closed, temporarily, due to the unsatisfactory condition of our cheese markets and the fact that they Avere unable to pay the producer satisfactory prices for milk. Our ten factories, which only operated part time during the year, manufactured a total of 331,483 pounds, which was valued at $81,113.89. This is far below the amount consumed by the state and we are sorry that conditions are such that Iowa must import a large amount of this product to supply home de- mands. As I have stated before, cheese should occupy a prominent place in our dietary, especially, on account of its high nutritive value and palatability. REPORT STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 449 Iowa manufactures and consumes over 2,000,000 pounds of cottage cheese, annually, and this valuable food is becoming more popular with the housewife each year. ICE CREAM The ice cream industry of the state has survived another strenuous year, price reductions, high manufacturing costs and express rates, war taxes, shortage of ice and poor collec- tions have been the cause of constant uncertainty and worry to the manufacturer and retailer, as well. In spite of stringent financial conditions, which resulted in a great many people being out of employment, the consump- tion of ice cream has increased 144,000 gallons in this state during the past year. Our factories manufactured, approximately, 5,580,763 gal- lons, which sold for a total of $6,138,839.30. Although we have had a slight increase in the amount manufactured the total valuation of this product decreased $657,103.70, due to a decline in the wholesale price. The w^ar tax placed upon the sale of ice cream is, undoubt- edly, partly responsible for the failure of the public to consume a larger amount of ice cream. This is brought about through the tendency, on the part of certain retailers, to advance the price to the next even nickel, when a war tax of one or two cents is placed upon each dish served. That is, a dish of ice cream retailing for fifteen cents incurs a war tax of two cents. Many dealers simply advance the total price to twenty cents and absorb the war tax. Needless to say, this extra three cents are not shared with the manufacturer, and from his standpoint is harmful, since there is no gainsaying the fact that this levy- ing of an additional five cents does keep many people from making a purchase. I am satisfied that the tax on ice cream should be eliminat- ed as the citizens of Iowa, at least, do not class ice cream as a luxury but consider it one of our most valuable food products. The wholesale price was reduced by the manufacturer to some extent this year, however, I believe that most manufac- turers would welcome still greater reductions, providing, they were assured that the retailers would make corresponding re- ductions and the public would get the benefits to be derived from such a move. 29 450 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI MARKET MILK This year has seen a large increase in the production of milk, due in large part to the financial condition and the drop in price of all farm products. The producer has found out that the dairy cow afifords him a steady supply of cash which he has needed so badly. The result has been, in many cases, a production in excess of the de- mand, which has kept prices down to the producer and has been reflected in lower prices to the consumer. These conditions have, also, kept the price of all manufactured dairy products, as cheese, butter and condensed milk, much lower than they have been for several years. It is apparent that these conditions will continue unless there is a greater consumption in dairy products. Educational campaigns have been made in many cities on the value of milk as a food and in every case an increased consumption has been noted. It is unfortunate that in times of low income the house- wife will in most cases reduce the amount of milk for the family, in preference to any other food. She must be taught that she can better conserve the health of her family by reduc- ing the amount of any other article of food. One of the purposes of the National Dairy Council is to promote the consumption of market milk by teaching the pub- lic the value of milk, as a food and its necessity in the diet. Large amounts of literature and illustrated posters have been distributed to accomplish this and the results have been gratify- ing. Marked results have been obtained among school chil- dren, in many cities, by inducing them to drink milk each day at school. An especial effort has been made in these schools to get under-nourished children to drink milk and the records show that this class of children have made a marked improve- ment in their mental as well as physical condition, after taking the milk for several months. I believe that the quality of the market milk in Iowa com- pares very favorably with that of any other state. A law re- quiring dairy cattle to be tested for tuberculosis, passed by the Thirty-Ninth General Assembly and appearing elsewhere in this report, will materially improve the quality of our milk sup- ply. Last fall this department conducted a market milk contest, in which eleven cities entered. The scoring was made in accord- ance with the rules followed by the United States Department REPORT STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 451 of Agriculture, the scoring being made upon the results of chemical analysis, cleanliness and bacteria. By means of these contests we are able to locate any milk unfit for food and the cause for this condition. With this information the inspector can give the neces- sary instructions for making the milk safe and in compliance with the law. In the scoring of milk, the perfect score is as follows : 35 points for bacteria. 25 points for flavor and odor. 10 points for cleanliness. 10 points for fat. 10 points for solids, not fat. 5 points for acidity. 5 points for the container. The scores in the contest are as follows : Ottumwa 61.80 Davenport 64.08 Des Moines 76.20 Burlington 69.35 Marshalltown 63.26 Mason City 62.58 Dubuque 11 .Z() Sioux City 80.57 Fort Dodge 61.64 Cedar Rapids 88.93 Waterloo 68.83 While only a few of the scores are close to a perfect score of 100, it does not indicate a dangerous condition as the low scores were produced by high bacterial counts due to not cool- ing the milk properly, which allows the harmless lactic acid bacteria to develop in large numbers. The inspection of the market milk supply is of prime importance and the law pro- vides that the Commissioner may appoint a milk inspector in cities of 10,000 or more population. But there is not sufficient funds to pay them for full time, thus they are placed upon a per diem basis, they receiving pay for from five to fifteen days each month, according to the population. Much good can be accomplished by the city and state ap- pointing the same man and employ him full time and the com- bined salaries insures the employment of more efficient in- spectors. The state authority gives the added advantage to the city of dairy farm inspection outside the city limits which a 452 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI city inspector would not have. Dairy farm inspection is a very important part of market milk supervision, as it reaches the source of the supply where lax methods and poor equipment are often the cause of impure milk. CREAM GRADING Ever since the advent of the cream separator, the grading of cream has been advocated, in some form or other, and as the whole milk creameries and old fashioned skimming stations gradually began to decrease, it was generally believed by those in touch with the situation that eventually some uniform system would have to be established, governing the handling and purchasing of cream, used in the manufacture of butter. From the standpoint of improving the quality of cream re- ceived by the creamery the use of an efficient system of cream grading is all important. Until recent years the cream grad- ing has received very little attention by our creameries. Little, if any, grading was done and the same price was paid for good and poor cream. This has resulted in a general depreciation of the quality of the cream furnished by the farmer, there was no material inducement to the farmer to make a special effort in the care of the cream on the farm. Unless his personal pride and decency prompted him to produce a clean, sanitary and properly cooled cream, he was all too ready to follow the line of the least resistance and pay no attention to the quality of the cream he furnished. In fact, the failure of the creamery to grade cream put a premium on shiftless and careless handling of cream on the farm and on the receipt of poor cream in the factory. In consequence of this disregard for quality of raw mate- rial, much of the butter annually reaching the market was of un- satisfactory quality, the keeping property of much of this but- ter w^as inferior, causing it to come out oi storage in a deterior- ated condition, large quantities of butter had to be sold under market quotations, inviting keen competition by foreign butter and butter substitutes and rendering the establishment of a reputation for American butter in foreign markets exceedingly slow and difficult. Within the last five to ten years, the pure food wave that has swept the country awakening the public to a keener appre- ciation of the value of wholesome food products of good quality, REPORT STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 453 the realization on the part of the creamerymen of the necessity of supplying the market with better butter in order to dispose of it at a satisfactory margin, and the efforts of the dairy educa- tional forces to introduce practical methods for the systematic grading of cream, have been mighty factors in focusing the at- tention of the creamerymen on improving their cream suppl)- by cream grading and quality-paying. The earliest efforts at cream grading were largely abortive. In isolated cases some concerns had the courage and determin- ation to grade and pay on the basis of grade only. But the great majority of creameries, while acknowledging the fundamental correctness of cream grading, lacked the courage to undertake it. Their intentions foundered on the rock of competition in the cream supply territory. They lacked confidence in each other to stand by mutual agreements to start grading and quality-paying. They were fearful of losing patrons and of working into the hands of their competitors. Gentlemen's agreements, drafted in sectional and national conferences of creamerymen to grade cream, proved futile. Attempts to place legislative measures on the statute books, requiring the grad- ing of cream, proved unconstitutional, and Government inspec- tion of the creameries for the purpose of compelling nation- wide cream grading did not materialize because of the enor- mity of the proposed undertaking. While most of these proposed and apparently ideal plans failed to materialize and were automatically abandoned, one after another, the constant agitation of the subject did not fail to have its good effect. While it became clear to all practical creamerymen that the industry was not ripe as yet for an organ- ized state- or nation-wide plan of cream grading by mutual agreement between creameries, farsighted creamery-men real- ized that this complex and difficult matter was a problem to be solved independently by each individual creamery and that it was to the unquestioned advantage of each individual concern to introduce cream grading in their own plants. Today most of the really progressive creameries, large and small, are grading their cream and many of these creameries pay the farmer on the basis of quality. Those who have taken this important step are already convinced of its permanent ad- vantages and it is only a question of time when all creameries, for their own protection, will adopt a rational system of cream 454 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI grading and paying on the basis of quality. They are bound to come to the inevitable conclusion that, in order to secure satis- factory returns from the market, they must furnish the market with good butter, that they cannot hold the patronage of the cream producer to furnish good cream unless they pay him a difTerential on the basis of quality, and that the paying of top prices for butterfat of poor quality must ultimately spell finan- cial loss and ruin. Keeping in mind the obstacles which have confronted the creamery that has been a pioneer and started a grading system and at the same time considering market conditions during the last two or three years, these conditions having, generally, been annoying to the manufacturer of lower grade butter, I decided that something should be done to stimulate more of an interest in cream grading and that some uniform grading system should be established in Iowa. A meeting was held at this office early last winter, at which representatives of the co-operative and centralized creameries, Dairy Department of the State Agricultural College, State Dairy Council, Creamery Managers' and Secretaries' Associa- tion, State Buttermakers' Association and members of this De- partment were present. At this meeting the various problems relating to the grading of cream were discussed at length. The Department, after getting the judgment of the various members of the dairy industry represented at the meeting, established the following grades of cream and rules and regulations gov- erning its purchase. YEASTY — Cream having a flavor resembling yeast and which has a tendency to foam when cream has been held under too high temper- ature. CHEESY — Cream which smells and tastes like cheese, caused by holding sour cream for too long a period at too high temperature, under conditions not sufficiently clean. WEEDY — Cream which has the flavor of onions, rag-weed, rape, cabbage, etc. BITTER — Bitter cream has a taste closely resembling quinine. It is cream which has been held too long at a low temperature. The above regulations shall be observed in the purchase of all cream by creamerymen and station operators, and by producers of cream. W. B. BARNEY, Dairy and Food Commissioner. Approved July 18, 1921, by Executive Council of Iowa. REPORT STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 455 TACK THIS POSTKR IN A CONSPICUOUS PLACE Clean utensils and cooling tanks will help you to have cream which will grade Extras and Firsts. REGULATIONS FOR CREAM GRADING Under authority granted by Sec. 4999-a-18, the following grades of cream are hereby established. EXTRAS Extras shall consist of sweet cream, clean in flavor and not to con- tain more than .2 of 1% of acidity. FIRSTS Firsts shall consist of cream that is clean, smooth, free of all un- desirable odors, clean to the taste and only slightly sour. SECONDS Seconds shall consist of cream that is too sour to grade as Firsts; may contain undesirable flavors or odors to a slight degree, also that which is too old to pass as Firsts. All sour cream containing less than 25% butterfat shall be graded as Seconds. ILLEGAL CREAM Under the Law, cream is a food and any cream produced from an unhealthy cow or consisting in whole or in part of a filthy, rancid, de- composed or putrid substance shall not be offered for sale. Neither shall such cream be purchased. The following undesirable flavors and odors will not be allowed except in a slight degree in cream grading Seconds, and will be turned back as illegal. STALE OR MUSTY — Stale flavors are caused by holding cream too long or holding cream in stale cans, or using stale water in wash- ing or rinsing cans. Musty cream is the result of holding cream in a cave, cellar, or room having stale or musty surroundings. VERY SOUR — Cream having a very high acidity. It is the re- sult of holding cream too long and at too high a temperature. OILY — Oily flavor is caused by having cream near coal oil, gas- oline or other similar product; also by carelessness in handling separa- tor oil, or using cans in which any of these products have been handled. METALLIC — Metallic flavor is that flavor which is frequently caused by cream coming in contact with rusty or poorly tinned separa- tors, cream cans or other utensils. EXTRAS Extras shall consist of sweet cream, clean in flavor and not to con- tain more than .2 of 1% of acidity. All containers for cream grading Extras shall be properly desig- nated. A space of at least 2 feet shall separate Extras from any other grade of cream. 456 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI This placard shall be tacked in a conspicuous place on the wall, immediately above the containers of cream grading Extras. W. B. BARNEY, Approved April 1, 1921. State Dairy and Food Commissioner. This card in white. FIRSTS This placard shall be tacked in a conspicuous place on the wall immediately above the receiving container of cream grading Firsts. Firsts shall consist of cream that is clean, smooth, free from all un- desirable odors, clean to the taste and only slightly sour. All containers for cream grading Firsts shall be properly designated. A space of at least 2 feet shall separate Firsts from any other grade of cream. W. B. BARNEY, Approved April 1, 1921. State Dairy and Food Commissioner. This card in blue. SECONDS This placard shall be tacked in a conspicuous place on the wall, immediately above the receiving container of cream grading Seconds. Seconds shall consist of cream that is too sour to grade as Firsts, may contain undesirable flavors or odors to a slight degree, also that which is too old to pass as Firsts. All sour cream containing less than 25% butterfat shall be graded as Seconds. All containers for cream grading Seconds shall be properly designated. A space of at least 2 feet shall separate Seconds from any other grade of cream. W. B. BARNEY, Approved April 1, 1921. State Dairy and Food Commissioner. This card in red. These grades are printed in card form in different colors and are posted up in the cream station at different places and the various grades placed near the card which designates the grade to which it belongs. PURE FOOD LEGISLATION AND ITS BENEFITS The passing of the National Food and Drug Act, in 1906, was the most beneficial legislation ever passed by Congress in the interest of the consumers of foods and drugs and honest manufacturers of these products. Practically all of the states noAV have similar laws and their proper and fearless enforcement insures to the people food, which is produced and handled in a sanitary and healthful man- REPORT STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 457 ner, free from adulteration and labeled to show their true composition. The laws of Iowa give the consumer this full protection and manufacturers vie with one another in putting out high class foods, produced under sanitary conditions and from fresh raw materials. By using these fresh raw materials and proper- ly sterilizing the finished products, the use of preservatives has been found unnecessary, contrary to the former belief that it was impossible to keep food products for any length of time without using liberal quantities of chemical preservatives. Eternal vigilance, however, will always be the price the states and nation must pay for clean, wholesome and honestly labeled foods and drugs. As it is necessary to maintain a police foice it is likewise necessary to maintain food and drug officials, to protect the consumers of these products. Much work has been done in building up a system of 'co- operation between the Federal Food Authorities and the states, and much good is being accomplished in running down adulter- ated and misbranded products and prosecuting those responsi- ble for placing them on the market. Under the present system, this department is notified, by the Federal Authorities, when illegal foods and drugs have been shipped into Iowa, our in- spectors are then instructed to collect samples and these are sent to the Government laboratory and if found to be illegal the shipments are siezed under Government orders and the manufacturer is cited to appear, with the result that he is fined and his goods destroyed or returned to him to be relabeled to comply with the law, he giving a bond that this will be done properly. Under this system it makes it difficult for the un- scrupulous manufacturer to operate for any great length of time. While there is considerable difference in the requirement of the food laws of the various states, there is a general belief that they should be as nearly uniform, as possible, so as to avoid the extra expense of having dififerent lots of labels and foods toi the different states. The added expense of such necessity un- der the present condition must be borne by the consumer of these products. Many of the states have modeled their food and drug laws after the Federal Act and no doubt in the not distant future, there will be close conformity between all laws which regulate the manufacture and sale of these products, which will be much to the advantage of all concerned. 458 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI All danger does not lie in food that is knowingly adulter- ated by the manufacturer. Outbreaks of food poisoning are a serious menace to the public and require prompt action by food authorities. In the last few years there have been several outbreaks, in widely separated localities, of botulism due to the presence of the bacillus botulinus in certain classes of foods. It has been found by investigators that this bacillus is widely distributed in nature and is a potential source of danger. This bacillus itself is not poisonous but is a spore former and the poison is formed when it develops, thus the bacillus may be present in foods but unless conditions have been favor- able for its growth, there is no danger in consuming the food. Boiling temperature will destroy the toxin produced by this bacillus but it will not destroy the bacillus itself, so that if the food after being heated to this temperature is kept under prop- er conditions, the toxin will again be produced. It is important that proper factory methods be used in preparing foods as a safeguard against this danger. This bacillus is as liable to be found in home canned foods as those canned in factories. During the outbreak of this poisoning, in ripe olives, this department was furnished a list of shipments which had been sent into Iowa, by the Federal Authorities and we, at once, instructed the inspectors to order from sale all these shipments, which still remained on the grocers' shelves. By this quick action, possibly an outbreak of this poisoning was prevented in Iowa. This demonstrates the value of co-operation between state and Federal Food Author- ities. At times there have been attempts, in Congress, to nullify the powers of the states over its food supplies, which are ship- ped from other states, thus having entered inter-state com- merce. The Calder Bill, now in Congress, exempts foods which have been shipped into a state, from the requirements of the state laws. This would take from the states their constitution- al right to protect the health of their citizens. While a law of this kind is of doubtful constitutionality, it should not be per- mitted to be placed upon the statutes and every eflort should be made to prevent its passage. REPORT STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 459 IMITATION EVAPORATED MILK The Thirty-eighth General Assembly, at the solicitation of this Department, passed a law requiring all evaporated milk, made from skim-milk and cocoanut oil, to be branded "Imita- tion Evaporated Milk." Ov^ing to evils w^hich were practiced in selling this product, it was deemed advisable to require some sort of labeling which would enable the consumer to know the nature of the product he was buying. It was found that some grocers would sell this product for evaporated milk and were content to let the consumer think that he was getting an evaporated whole milk. By branding this product as required by law, in large prominent type, on the main label we believe the consumer is afforded a means of pro- tection and the producer can be protected against this product by placing a tax upon each package sold. CANNED FOODS (E. L. Redfern — State Chemist.) The ever increasing amount of canned foods consumed makes their inspection of prime importance. While the can- ners are supposed to use every precaution to produce a salable product, as a matter of self preservation, faulty packages often get by and are to be found on the market. Cans often go bad after they have left the cannery due to faulty packing or im- proper handling or storing by the grocer, such as in damp cellars. The inspector must judge by the exterior appearance whether samples should be taken and submitted to the labora- tory. If the ends of the can are cupped or concave they should be given a sharp rap on the edge of a table or something solid to see if the lower end comes up even or remains cupped. If the end does not remain concave there is not sufficient vacuum in the can, provided the temperature of the weather is not too high, in which case the can would likely be a "springer" i.e., the ends could be pressed back and forth. From this it will be seen that a can may be normal one week and a springer the next, due to the change of the weather. The above conditions, when found, are no cause for alarm as such goods are perfectly good and salable. 460 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI The question of swelled goods is a more serious problem, and where such goods are found, they should be condemned and if possible, thrown on the dump in the inspector's presence. The slightest bulge in the end of a can is just cause for condem- nation, as this is due to pressure from the inside from gases produced by fermentation or bacterial action, especially is this true in the case of such foods as peas, corn, etc. However, in acid fruits, swelling is often caused by the action of the fruit acids on the tin which liberates hydrogen gas in sufficient amounts to bulge the ends of the can, except where the can is leaky in which case the swelling is due to decomposition. The action of the fruit acids on the tin is also influenced by the temperature, being hastened when the goods are stored in a hot climate or under a metal roof during the hot summer months in this climate and retarded when held in a cool store room or during the winter months. It can be easily seen then how under certain conditions cans may be normal and under others ''springers". Where there is doubt in the inspectors' mind regarding canned goods, an inspection of the contents of the can will solve the matter. The number of vent holes in the top of a can is one which might be misleading. More than one vent hole is no proof that the goods have been reprocessed as some canners still seal the can before cooking and when the cans are removed from the kettles they are punctured to allow the air to escape, resoldered and put into the kettles and cooked the second time. Even a third vent hole is sometimes made when the second hole has failed to give the proper exhaust, due to particles of the con- tents stopping the hole. With the sanitary can whose use is becoming so common it is possible to find a vent hole although this is unusual and occurs when by mistake the brine or liquid has been left out and is placed in the sealed cans by means of a vent hole. Also some salmon and crab canners still prefer to vent the sanitary cans and give them a short cooking in the retorts before sealing. Sometimes upon open- ing a can of beans or peas there is a discoloration on the sides of the can and even on top of the food. This color which is usually black or nearly so is due to a very thin film of metallic sulphide in colloidal form. There is not enough of these materials present, however, to be injurious while they present a suspicious appearance and usually result in com- REPORT STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 461 plaints by the purchaser. An example of this condition came to the laboratory last fall when a lady brought in a glass quart can of corn. She had canned this herself. There was a black col- oration on the surface of the contents and around the neck of the jar. An examination showed that she had used one of the new brass looking covers now sold for Mason jars which has no glass lining. The brass like appearance on the cover proved be due to lacquer and the cover was made of iron. The lacquer had broken away and exposed the iron to the contents with the result that the surface had become black and uninviting in ap- pearance. In corn canning factories this same discoloration has sometimes appeared and is supposed to be due to the corn coming in contact with metals in the cooking kettles or pipes through which the corn is passed. The National Canners' Laboratory, under the direction of Dr. Bigelow, has put much study upon this problem and I understand has practically eliminated this trouble. The Canners' Association in recent years have done much to standardize the quality of their prod- ucts and the sanitary conditions under which they are pro- duced. Their inspection service in the principal canning states gives them close control over their products. Reports during the last two years show that much salmon has been canned which was in various stages of decomposition with the result that the Bureau of Chemistry has condemned large quantities of salmon in various parts of the country. The cause of this practice seems to be that salmon were delivered to the cannery faster than they could be handled with the result that the fish would start to decompose before they were canned. The salm- on canners have instituted an inspection service, and no doubt much of this practice will be eliminated, at least among mem- bers of the salmon canners' association. The good work of the Bureau of Chemistry, in locating in- terstate shipments of canned foods, is a great help to the state authorities thereby eliminating illegal goods from the state markets and allowing the inspectors to devote more of their time to intra-state goods. The state officers' principal work on canned goods is to locate and destroy swollen goods as therein lies much danger. A survey of the Botulinus poisoning last year shows that in nearly every case the consumer or the per- son who cooked the spinach or who served the ripe olives ad- mitted that they detected something was wrong with them. 462 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI Every consumer should be taught never to eat any goods that are swelled or that do not have a natural odor and taste. The standardization of the amount of water and product to be placed in cans of the various foods by the Standards Com- mittee will practically stop loading with water which has been practiced by some canners in the past. IOWA EGG LAW The purpose of the egg law is to promote fair dealing in eggs, and increase the market value of Iowa's egg crop. As with any other produce, the market value of any lot of eggs is governed by its quality. Bad eggs are worthless ; good eggs command the highest market price. In interpreting the egg law for the purpose of issuing rules and regulations, the purpose of the law has been kept clearly in mind, and such rules and regulations formulated as will tend to put our egg crop on a quality basis and thereby secure for the Iowa farmer the best price for this cash crop. Only such re- strictions have been placed on buying as are necessary to pre- vent bad eggs entering market channels and thus lowering the market value of good eggs. These restrictions are not intended in any way to hinder free traffic in eggs by honest buyers, but to prevent the demoralization of the market by unfair buying methods. While reliable information, showing the number of egg:^ produced is not available, Iowa probably ranks first as an egg producing state. The total income received by the state from this source, during the last year, probably amounts to about $51,376,600. The average farm price for eggs during this period was 38.6 cents, which means that 133,100,000 dozen of eggs were marketed. This does not take into account, of course, the large number consumed on the farms of the state. The following tabulations showing the contrast between present egg prices and those of a few years ago, will be of in- terest : REPORT STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 468 AVERAGE PRICE PAID TO IOWA FARMERS FOR EGGS ON THE FIRST DAY OF EACH MONTH OF THE YEARS SHOWN Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1910 28 28 21 18 18 17 16 14 17 20 22 25 1911 26 21 14 13 14 13 12 12 14 17 20 25 1912 27 28 23 17 17 16 15 16 17 19 22 25 1913 23 20 17 15 15 16 15 14 16 19 23 29 1914 27 26 22 16 16 16 16 16 20 21 21 26 1915 28 30 22 16 17 16 15 15 16 20 23 27 1916 28 27 22 17 18 19 19 20 21 26 30 34 1917 35 36 33 25 30 31 27 28 32 34 35 39 1918 42 47 38 30 31 28 28 33 33 39 42 51 1919 56 45 30 34 37 38 33 37 38 47 52 59 1920 55 45 39 37 38 33 37 44 48 53 64 61 1921 49 32 21 18 16 20 There is only one method for distinguishing good eggs from bad ones, or which can be used for the purpose of grading, and that method is candling. Of the numerous devices sold for this purpose, the single hole or two hole candle operated in a darkened room has proven the most satisfactory. Devices designed for handling more than one egg at a time permit mistakes and carelessness to creep in and, as far as this department is concerned, their use is not advised. Rules and Regulations Governing Licensed Egg Dealers. 1. The first licensed buyer of eggs (the huckster, the local retail merchant, or others) shall candle every lot of eggs that he buys (this should be done before settlement is made). 2. The licensee shall discard all eggs known as "addled," "moldy", "black-rots," "white-rots," "blood rings," "adherent yolks," eggs with bloody or green whites, eggs incubated beyond "blood ring" stage and all other eggs commonly classed as inedible. 3. The licensee shall pay only for good, edible eggs. 4. The licensee shall return to the producer, if requested or if possible, the "rejects" for the producer's own examination. 5. The good eggs shall be kept in a cool, dry place until sold or shipped. 6. Eggs should be shipped to cold storage within forty-eight hours. If held longer than forty-eight hours they must be recandled before shipping unless they are kept at a temperature of less than sixty degrees Fahrenheit. If kept at a temperature of from forty to sixty they must be recandled if held more than seven days-. If kept be- low forty degrees no recandling is necessary. 7. Eggs known as "large hatch spots," "heavily shrunken eggs," "settled yolks," and "leaking eggs," are fit for consumption but will not stand transportation. They should be used only by the home com- munity. 8. All "checks" and "cracks" shell eggs should be shipped in cases stenciled that they contain crack or check shell eggs. 464 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI 9. All receivers of eggs should use care and intelligence in hand- ling them, always keeping in mind that it is a waste of eggs, fillers, flats, and valuable transportation space to ship "rejects" or other eggs of doubtful character, 10. "Rejects" shall not be sold for human consumption. 11. Eggs unfit for food must not be held in possession unless they are broken into a container and denatured so they cannot be used for human food. The following denaturants are approved for general use; carbolic acid, creosote and crude oil. Special denaturants for special purposes shall not be used unless approved by this office. 12. Dirty eggs and washed eggs should be used where produced. They must not be accepted at a reduction in price equivalent to their market value. 13. All merchants, dealers and hucksters shall after candling eggs place on the top layer of every case of candled eggs a certificate stating the date of candling, by whom candled, and license number of licensee. This certificate shall be of the following form: (Note — this form should not be smaller than 2^ by 4% inches.) This case of eggs is packed and candled in compliance with the Iowa Egg Law and regulations' provided for therein. Candled by Date Name of candler Iowa Egg License Number HENERY PRODUCE CO., Nester, Iowa Since the question is often asked, "Who must be licensed?" the regulation pertaining to this subject is herewith re-printed: "WHO MUST BE LICENSED?" The law requires the following classes of dealers to take out egg dealers' licenses: 1. All merchants, hucksters and others buying eggs from pro- ducers unless such producers are also licensed egg dealers. 2. All dealers, regardless of the nature of their business, who sell eggs in quantities in excess of one case at a time. The following are not required to take out a license: 1. Merchants who buy all their eggs from licensed dealers and who do not sell in lots greater than one case. REPORT STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 465 2. Farmers and other producers of eggs who do not sell or trade in eggs other than those produced by them or their tenants. 3. Bakeries, restaurants, etc., buying eggs for their consumption only are not classed as engaged in the business of dealing in eggs and are, therefore, not required to secure a license to buy the eggs consum- ed by them. The licenses now in force expire March 1, 1923, at which time a new license must be taken out. A suitable blank for applying for the license will be sent to each dealer having a license expiring on that date, before it expires. RULES AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING ISSUANCE OF LICENSE 1. After May 2Sth, it is necessary that all dealers engaged in the business of buying, selling, dealing in or trading in eggs, except those retailers who buy direct from dealers, having an Iowa license, and who do not sell in lots greater than one case, obtain an egg dealer's license. 2. The license fee is $1.00 for the period ending March 1st, each year. 3. A separate license must be obtained for each place of business where eggs are sold. 4. Each license is numbered and numbers are usually assigned in the same order as applications are received. 5. Farmers and other producers of eggs are not required to se- cure a license for the purpose of selling or trading in eggs produced by them. 6. Buying, selling, dealing in or trading eggs in violation of the egg law, by any person, firm or corporation, is an ofTense and renders the ofifender subject to a fine of not less than $10.00 nor more than $50.00. WEIGHTS & MEASURES In presenting our annual report I feel that the work has much to commend itself to right thinking people. It is a work of tremendous proportions which affects all classes of citizens, as the application and the underlying principles of the weights and measures law afifect more people than do any other laws on the statute books. More stress is laid on the enforce- ment of weights and measures laws since they affect the class of citizens who can least afford to protect themselves. Some of the activities should be enumerated here in order that the public may know of the great scope of the work. All scales, weights and measures in the state are inspected. In the last few years, much has been said and done regarding the in- spection and regulation of gasoline measuring devices. No phase of our work has received more attention and rigid in- 30 466 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI spection. The work of testing the thousands of gasoline pumps and measuring devices requires much time and labor. The most encouraging feature of it being the wholehearted co-oper- ation given by the various manufacturers of these devices and oil companies, with the result that these devices have not only been remodeled and improved upon, but a number of entirely new types have been put on the market, made to meet the weights and measures regulations. The reweighing erf com- modities in the various stores, and of loads of coal, as well as checking up the peddler, who has been the cause of more trouble to weights and measures men than any other type of merchant. This class of trade is made up of individuals of miscellaneous morals and dispositions. Many of them honest and willing to do what is right, but we are sorry to say, a great number with tendencies to increase their profits by trickery if given a chance. So it is that they must be constantly watched at all times. Many of them persist in using incorrect equip- ment, others take chances and give short weight. This shows a few of the illegal weights and measures which have been found in use in the state. They were all condemned and confiscated by the department. REPORT STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 467 We have many complaints against coal dealers delivering short weight and upon a recent investigation of a complaint from one of our large cities in the state, we found some extreme shortages. The guilty parties were prosecuted in the courts, were convicted and fined. Some of the shortages are as follows : 340 pounds short on 2,000 pounds. 425 pounds short on 4,000 pounds. 660 pounds short on 4,000 pounds. One coal man whose scale was condemned, defied the state and continued to weigh on them and tore the tag off. He was arrested and given a fine of $50.00 and costs. The routine office work has been materially increased, par- ticularly in the matter of correspondence. Questions are con- tinually being submitted by individuals as well as by manufac- turers. The Thirty-Ninth General Assembly enacted a law pro- viding a $3.00 license fee on all gasoline pumps and meters; which materially increases the office work. There is also a great deal of correspondence resulting from daily reports of inspec- tors; reports of shortages from various sources; requests for scale inspection; prosecutions; complaints and reports of sim- ilar nature, which demand a large amount of attention from the Chief Inspector of Weights and Measures. Hundreds of scales and measures of various types have been confiscated and con- demned. The increase in the use of the Auto Truck has been the cause of many new scales being installed. The depart- ment's records show that there have been 4,480 platform scales, 4,900 counter, 4,600 creamery scales inspected. These do not include the number of weights and measures submitted by cities, firms and individuals for verification as to their accur- acy. Ten per cent were found to be incorrect. There were also 1,710 gasoline pumps inspected, of which 26^% were found incorrect; 663 measures of which 130 were incorrect. During the year ending November 1, 1921, the department inspected 4,025 ''heavy" scales, that is, scales used by grain elevators, coal mines, retail coal dealers, railroad stock scales, sugar refineries, canning factories, etc. The revenue received by the state for the inspection of these scales amounted to $12,- 710.98. The charge for inspection of scales of a capacity over 500 pounds up to and including 4,000 pounds capacity is $1.00; over 468 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI 4,000 pounds up to and including 21,000 pounds capacity, $3.00 each; scales over 21,000 pounds capacity not including railroad track scales $5.00 each ; railroad track scales $10.00 each ; all hopper or Automatic scales $2.00 each. The revenue received by the state for scale licenses is $6,048.00. Of the number of scales inspected 356 have been condemned for repairs; more than 280 were adjusted or their operators were instructed to make changes that would render them accurate. The revenue received by the state for gasoline pump licenses from July 1, 1921, at which time the law became efifect- ive, up to November 1, 1921, is $13,500.00. All fees collected under this act, as listed above, are im- mediately turned over to the State Treasurer and credited to the general fund of the state. This department is operated by a direct appropriation of the Legislature and cannot use any of the fees collected. Honest weight and measure can only be secured through the vigilance of the purchaser. The housewife should buy only by weight and she should have a pair of scales and make a check of the various purchases from time to time to determine whether she is getting correct weight. Just recently we received a call from a lady who had purchased five one pound packages of nuts and she stated she was one ounce short on each package, as she said she had a scale and weighed them. Upon investigation we found the merchant's scale was off one ounce on one pound. She received her five ounces of nuts for which she had paid fifty cents (50c) per pound. It is also necessary that the purchaser have a knowl- edge of the number of pounds he should receive for a bushel or fractional part thereof. Following is a list of the articles or commodities which must be sold by avoirdupois weight. REPORT STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 469 WEIGHTS OP ONE BUSHEL, ONE PECK, AND ONE QUART OF CERTAIN PRODUCTS AS PROVIDED BY THE LAWS OF IOWA. 1 Bush. Pounds Apples Apples, Dried . . Alfalfa Seed . . . Barley Beans, Green . . . . Beans, Dry Beans, Lima . . . . Beets Bluegrass Seed . . Bran Bromus Inermis Broom Corn Seed Buckwheat Carrots Castor Beans . . . Charcoal Cherries Clover Seed Coal Coke Corn, Corn, Corn, Ear Unhusked Shelled Corn Meal Cucumbers Emmer Flax Seed Grapes, Stems Hemp Seed Hickory Nuts Hulled Hung-arian Seed Kaffir Corn Lime Millet Seed * Oats Onions Onion Top Sets Onion Bottom Sets Orchard Grass Seed Osage Orange Seed Parsnips Peaches Peaches, Dried Peanuts • Pears Peas, Unshelled Peas, Dried Plums Pop Corn, Cob Pop Corn, Shelled Potatoes Quinces Rape Seed Redtop Seed Rutabagas Rye Salt Sand Shorts Sorghum Seed Speltz Sweet Corn Sweet Potatoes Timothy Seed Tomatoes Turnips Walnuts Wheat All root crops not specified above 48 24 60 48 56 60 56 56 14 20 14 50 48 50 50 20 40 60 80 40 70 75 56 48 48 40 56 40 44 50 50 56 80 50 32 52 14 32 45 48 33 22 45 50 60 48 70 56 60 48 50 14 60 56 80 130 20 50 40 50 50 45 50 55 50 60 50 1 Peck I Pounds j Oz. 1 Qt. 12 6 15 12 14 15 14 14 3% 5 3% 12 y2 12 12% 121/2 5 10 15 20 10 171/2 18% 14 12 12 10 14 10 11 121/2 121/2 14 20 121/2 8 13 7 8 31/2 8 11% 12 8 14 51/2 11% 121/2 15 12 171/2 14 15 12 121/2 31/2 15 14 20 321/2 5 12% 10 121/2 12% 11% 121/2 13% 121/2 15 12% 24 12 30 24 28 30 28 28 7 10 7 25 24 25 25 10 20 30 40 20 35 37% 28 24 24 20 28 20 22 25 25 28 40 25 16 26 14 16 7 16 22% 24 16% 11 22% 25 30 24 35 28 30 24 25 7 po 28 40 65 10 25 20 25 25 22% 25 27% 25 30 25 1 dry qt — 67.2 cu. ins. 1 liquid qt.— 57.75 cu. ins. A dry qt. holds 14 per cent more than a liquid qt. Dry commodities must be sold by weight or dry measure. 470 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI IT IS TIME TO MILK (By Hugh G. Van Pelt.) It is of record that once upon a time an Irishman stole a watch and a Dutchman stole a cow. Both were caught and lodged in jail in adjoining cells. Time passed slowly and be- come tiresome under the conditions. To break the monotony and to twit the Irishman, the Dutchman said, "Pat, vat time it is?" and, characteristic of his nationality, Pat replied, *Tt is toime to milk." Ever since I heard Judge Quarton of Guernsey fame tell that story the first time — and I say the first time advisedly — I have wanted to repeat it because it carries a peculiar signifi- cance that is not to be ignored by individuals, communities, states or nations. It is legend that there came a time in the history of Den- mark when as a nation, poverty and seemingly insurmountable indebtedness stared her in the face — when the one great prob- lem was that of restoring national solvency. Then it was that Denmark decided it was time to milk, and from that day to this Denmark has advanced in prosperity until she ranks among the richest countries per capita and as the most noted producer of dairy products. Such is the significance of Pat's reply, "It is toime to milk" as it applies to nations. It is no secret that in the early days of Wisconsin wheat was grown continuously year after year until wheat would no longer grow profitably nor would any other farm crop. Then it was that the question of what to do arose and the reply was "It is time to milk." Recently, in an address to bankers, the head of the Federal Reserve Bank of the Northwest made the statement that in Wisconsin there was not one of the 990 banks delinquent and that they had sent more than $50,000,000 into the Chicago dis- trict during the past year ; this during a year when states that are practicing other forms of agriculture almost to the exclu- sion of dairying are clamoring for credit. Such is the significance of Pat's reply, "It is toime to milk" as it applies to states. In the September 15th issue of the Dairy Farmer appeared an editorial telling of a community in North Dakota that is this year experiencing its sixth consecutive crop failure. REPORT STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 471 One crop failure, especially if it came this year, would suffice to discourage most sections, but not the stout-hearted North Dakota community because : In the early days of crop failures when the inevitable ques- tion of what to do was propounded someone said "It is time to milk," and last year the average gross income from 17 farms in the crop failure district was $2,325.83. Strange as it may seem, these men, under the worst of farming conditions, are enjoying greater prosperity than their fellow farmers in sections of the state that have bumper farm crops. Such is the significance of Pat's reply, "It is toime to milk," as it applies to communities. John W. Newman, former Commissioner of Agriculture of Kentucky, has eight farms operated by tenants. During the war the price of tobacco was high and these tenants specialized to the extreme in growing the weed. Mr. Newman says they profited to the extent that each of them became worth from $4,000 to $5,000 and then a year ago, when the price of tobacco dropped, they lost all and began borrowing money of him to operate the farms. After loaning them a total of $3,000 Mr. Newman called them together and in his own w^ords said, "not another cent will I loan you. I will place on each of your farms 10 cows, eight sows and 100 chickens and if you can't make money ofif the farms, you cangotoel". In other words he told them, "It is time to milk." Continuing, Mr. Newman said, "Since that time each of these tenants is coming to me with money instead of for money." Such is the significance of Pat's reply, "It is toime to milk"; as it applies to individuals. From every section of the United States comes- the cry that farm crops are selling below cost of production and yet the in- dividual, the community, the state or the nation that is milking good cows, breeding up productive herds and caring for them well is prospering. Compared with prices of all other farm commodities and on the basis of cost of production, the prices of dairy products are higher today than they were at any time during the war when everybody admitted they were rich. 472 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI Further arguments are unnecessary to carry the conviction that of all times within the memory of the present generation the hour has arrived v\^hen to every man vv^ho farms there is much significance in Pat's reply, *'It is toime to milk." DEVELOPING YOUR HOME MARKET We have alv^ays been of the opinion that there is nothing too good for low^a and we believe that the majority of the people of this state want the best food products, which money can buy. We are quite sure that the citizens of Iowa are getting very little of our best Iowa Butter, which is a condition we are sorry exists and we are inclined to place the responsibility in this matter entirely with the management of our Iowa creameries, as we are satisfied that there is a ready market within the state for all of our best butter, especially "State Brand" butter, at a premium over what the same product would sell for on the eastern markets. The following article, by A. M. Hein, manager of the Farmers Co-operative Creamery, at Hull, Iowa, proves that our assertions are correct. Mr. Hein has given this subject a great deal of study and has demonstrated that it is possible to develop a home market for quality products, such as is found in our State Brand butter. In developing local markets for your butter two import- ant factors are necessary. First, quality and second, publicity. You may get along very well when you have the quality, but I have found that to make double time, just spend a little money advertising, telling the public what you have, and if it is different or better than any other brand tell them so, and be • sure the goods you advertise will back you up. Then the rest will shape its way. I want to first take up in a brief way five points that I con- sider the most important as to why local marketing is more profitable. First — the Price. You all know money is what makes the things go, and so we are all after the price. Many of us cannot tell definitely what our butter is going to net us when we ship to the big markets, so you have this advantage in home market- ing that you make the price. • If you make it too low that is your lookout, but we will leave that to you. REPORT STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 473 Second — the Freight Transportation is and has been high, amounting approximately to 3c per pound of butter from our station ; this is a nice Httle sum that would pay for advertis- ing and distributing the butter in local markets. Third — Deterioration in Transit. The results from this deterioration when butter is at its best benefits no one. The refrigerator car people or the railroad company will not say that your butter is too good to be piled in a moldy, musty car — no, it is to pile it in and take your medicine with the rest of the guys. If you have a poor quality butter the result will also be a heavy cut in price. Fourth — Shrinkage. There is usually some loss on every tub of butter shipped. Some buttermakers may think because they allow onehalf pound to every tub that there is no shrink- age— the half pound was given in as good weight I suppose. Fifth — Market Conditions. You no doubt are all aware of the fact that market conditions have much to do with the sale of your butter in the big markets. If the goods arrive on a sluggish market and prices are going down, the chances are the goods will not be sold until the bottom is reached. This again results in a heavy loss. In local marketing you will have the goods sold at a high price when you were paying the high price for fat, and when the drop comes you will be paying consider- ably less for fat, so the danger for losing is only slight. Now then, why is it not more profitable to develop local markets for your butter in this state? With a Httle advertising and getting right after it you can get good results. We have found it considerably harder to get started in a big city with our butter than in smaller towns. Most large cities have one or more creameries where the small towns we furnish have no creamery. In giving you our experience how we managed to get our butter started in a city something like 60,000 population where three big central plants are located. It has been whispered to me several times that it is a hard thing to get started in the big cities for several reasons. One of them was the service the city merchant would receive from their home creameries — they would not need to stock up for more than a day's supply, etc. The other main reason was that the majority were boosters for their home product. 474 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI These were the two factors we had to deal with before un- dertaking this proposition of placing our State Brand in Sioux City. There was only one thing to do and that was to create a demand for our butter and this had to be done by advertising. We decided to start a parcel post business and in this way get in touch with the consumers who were looking for a good quality of butter. We ran a large display ad twice a week with the State Butter mark in the daily papers. After a short time we cut the ad to a small one with a small cut of the butter-mark, and made the price for three days on each ad. We worked up quite a business in this way, not only in Sioux City, but from other towns in this state, and other states as well. After a month or so we began to think about getting some one to take over this sale and work it through the best grocer- ies. We managed to get in touch with a good man in the city that had been in the grocery business for some time, but had sold out his business, and he took over exclusive sale on this butter. When this man went to call on the stores it was almost im- possible to get the merchant to listen to his butter story, as they already handled three brands and some of them more. So nothing could be accomplished in this way. We made up our mind to put on another advertising campaign — one that would take effect at once. This we did by hiring some women demon- strators who would make a house to house canvass taking small samples of butter about an inch square and one-fourth inch thick, or a little less, put up in a small waxed paper sack. These were given to the lady of the house with some literature per- taining to ''State Brand Butter." We had four girls for a number of days to do this work. At the same time orders were taken for one or more pounds for a trial order to be delivered by the grocery with whom they did their trading. This work- ed out very well, and in the evening these orders were sorted out and when 10 or more pounds were sold through any of the stores our man would deliver this amount the next day to the grocery store for delivery. In this way we had the merchant where he could not very well refuse, because his customers de- manded this butter from him. Some stores ran up to 30 pounds during the day's campaign. In this way we reached better than one hundred stores and meat markets. However, we have sift- REPORT STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 475 ed them down to something Hke 50, as 25 per cent would not keep our State Brand in stock, because the price was too high and because we would not promise them that we would meet competition in price, etc., and the other 25 percent were slow pay. Right after the week or so of our demonstrations from house to house we ran a 30 foot reel in five of the picture shows. Alternately we did this for thirteen weeks, and we believe that this is one of the cheapest ways of bringing some thing before the public that they will talk about. Our butter was very well advertised all over the city and I wish to say that we enjoyed a very large business during the past season from our adven- tures— we sold as high as 1,000 pounds some days in prints in Sioux City alone then we had considerable other local trade which amounted in all during the best month last summer to over 31,000 prints. During our advertising campaign we emphasized strongly that there was no neutralizer used in the manufacture of this brand. The word neutralizer was used more or less in the daily papers at the time we started our advertising. People read about the neutralizer decision being postponed from time to time and the consuming public began to inquire about this new process that they never heard of before. I remember the first time I went to see our ad in the mov- ies. As it happened a couple was sitting ahead of me — I pre- sume they were a married couple. When our State Brand ap- peared on the screen in that large circle, leaving ample space at the top for these words— THERE IS NO SUBSTITUTE FOR GOOD BUTTER—. Then on the right of the trade-mark came flashing the words— THE STATE PROHIBITS THE USE OF A NEUTRALIZER IN THIS BRAND. Down a little farther it reads— TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THIS PRO- TECTION OFFERED. DEMAND IT OF YOUR GROC- ER. At the bottom the distributer's name appeared with his phone number. Now about this couple which I mentioned amused me somewhat when the word ''neutralizer" flashed on the screen the lady turned to her man inquiring: "What was meant by neutralizer?" He replied : "Some kind of dope to make it look natural". Not a bad guess, was it? I believe the word "neu- tralizer" was new to both of them. It is just a year ago next 476 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI month that we started out with the parcel post business, and in these eleven months we are well satisfied with what we have ac- complished, and had many more ideas worked out to use in con- nection with our campaign had we gotten warmed up with our competitors but as it was we have got along fine thus far. Opportunities for working up a home market for quality butter are good most any where. You may have to figure out your own salvation how it's best to place it on the market so the public can get it. But remember that quality and publicity with plenty of tact behind will do the business. Try it and see for yourself. DAIRY FARMING, THE MOST PERMANENT INDUSTRY As a safe and permanent occupation, none of the common forms of farming compare with dairying. Still, many dairy- men have regarded the future of the industry with doubt. Falling prices during the early months of the present year, lead them to wonder and worry regarding their heavy invest- ments in live stock, land, buildings and machinery. Let them consider the following seven reasons why dairying is the most permanent form of farming. We could give more and will gladly do so, if called upon, however, we rest assured that seven good reasons will more than remove the last vestige of doubt from the minds of most people. First — Milk and milk products are absolutely essential to life, health, and normal growth. This point is becoming better known year by year to our reading and reasoning public ; as a consequence the consumption of milk and milk products is steadily increasing. So is the use of substitutes, you may say, and you would be right. War prices and highly commendable patriotism popularized the use of substitutes. But none of the so-called substitutes, no matter how extensively advertised, dare meet pure milk products in open battle. Why? Because milk products contain vitamines, and vitamines are absolutely essential to normal health and growth. They are not found in appreciable quantity in other animal oils and in vegetable oils, and it is these oils that form the base of all substitutes on the market. Second — During the past five years our population has in- REPORT STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 477 creased seven per cent ; milk consumption has increased ten per cent in the same period. What do these indisputable facts promise for the future? The population of the United States is increasing rapidly and history will show that it has been on the steady increase for the past century. Immigration and the natural increase through births assure further growth. Edu- cation in child welfare and general health insists on milk for the growing child. Therefore we may expect to see milk con- sumption increase far more rapidly and markedly in the next generation than in the decade just ended. What could be a more promising guarantee for the future than an ever increas- ing and expanding market. Third — Dairy products are a source of regular and re- liable profit. The market for dairy products has never been controlled by a few; it never will be. Through co-operative creameries and cheese factories farmers can supply a staple, finished product, ready to be disposed of direct to the ultimate consumer if necessary. This in a sense makes possible the the elimination of the middleman, and has been used by farm- ers where it was found that the "split" in profits was going against them. Once a month, twice a month, or even every week or day in some cases, the dairyman receives payment for the work his cows have done for him — and cows don't work on an eight-hour day basis either. Thus the dairy farmer is en- abled to pay cash for things he buys and is free to "stand from under" when hard times threaten. Fourth — Dairying and diversified farming are one and the same. Diversified farming produces a variety of crops for market; a failure of any one or two does not mean bankruptcy for the farmer. The dairyman does not have "all his eggs in one basket." Contrast this condition with the Corn Belt where wealth is measured in terms of corn, hogs, and steers. This year has seen the "bottom drop out" of the market for the three things he produces — -commodities he has always considered as legal tender. As a consequence there is no money in circula- tion, farmers are not able to meet their obligations, farm sales made a year ago at high prices are falling through, and banks are unable to assist farmers in making loans. In Wisconsin, primarily a dairy state, conditions are much better in spite of decreased prices. Banks are still able to take care of the needs of farmers, and farmers seem to be able to "scare up the cash" 478 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI with which to meet their debts. Why? Because diversified farming with the timely aid of dairy dollars can meet and is successfully meeting the emergency. Fifth — The dairy herd conserves and even increases soil fertility, assuring good yields of farm crops in future years. At the same time the herd provides a sure, prompt, and profit- able outlet for grains and roughage grown on the farm. Land that supports good dairy herds becomes richer year by year whereas land devoted to raising grains and hay for market soon becomes sadly depleted unless carefully managed and un- less commercial fertilizer is purchased. Every ton of corn sold off the farm, worth in normal times about $20.00 takes with it $6.50 worth of plant food ; every ton of wheat worth $35.00 takes $17.00; every ton of butterfat worth about $1,000.- 00 takes only 49 cents worth of plant food ! Meanwhile the herd is returning many times this amount in fertility. It pays to market crops in the milk can. Keep these facts in mind when you haul away your next load of oats or hay. Sixth — Our biggest and most successful dairymen, with years of practical experience to back up their statements, say, "The dairy crop is the only one which has never known a com- plete failure." They base this statement on a few simple facts. In the first place dairying is more quickly adjustable to new conditions and prices than any other kind of farming. We can easily see why. Field crops are marketed once a year, and the price is forced down — temporarily — because of the overload of any single crop on the market. The marketing period is not distributed. To purposely hold for higher prices means to wait for the money tied up in the crop. Not so with the dairyman. He markets his "crop" every day, or every few days at most, and is paid once or twice a month or oftener. His returns no doubt do vary in times such as the present when all lines of in- dustry are being readjusted, but a few months of low prices do not condemn the industry. The reasoning farmer notes a drop of 15 to 25 percent in milk prices, then compares this to the drop of corn from $1.50 per bushel to around 60 cents, and pork from 23 cents to 9 cents. He figures his average earnings for the last two years and is satisfied. He knows that no business is entirely free from ups and downs ; he also knows that none are more highly favored than dairying in this respect. REPORT STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 479 Seventh — The dairy cow is a home builder. Farming, no matter how profitable, never reaches the position of dignity which is its heritage until the farm home becomes so attractive that it is the greatest pride of the entire family, something to be handed down from generation to generation. The growing boy or girl does not look forward with pleasure to the time when they will inherit a mortgage-ridden, impoverished ruin. They do thrill at the thought of a farm both fertile and fair, stocked with the blood left as the breeders' handiwork of father and grandfather. The dairy herd always has stood and always will stand as a symbol of permanence for the good farm, the real farm home, the farm from which the boys are not easily at- tracted to the job in the city nor the girls lured away to the office. WORK OF THE NATIONAL DAIRY COUNCIL The National Dairy Council has been functioning under its present plan for a period of two years with considerable success and in consideration of financial support from the Dairy Industry is adequately prepared through contact with and co-operation from educational and welfare agencies, as well as commercial, to enter into the following agreement: I. To promote a clearer understanding of the service of Dairy Products in the diet of the nation with consequent in- creases in consumption of those products and favorable market conditions by means of A. Education work in the schools, colleges, and univer- sities, access to which has been granted by authorities because this is an "Educational Organization." Its help has been sought by over 30,000 school teachers. B. Educational, health, and welfare clubs and associa- tions, such as Red Cross, Parent-Teachers, etc., have sought and secured publicity material, pamphlets, speakers, etc., from the National Dairy Council, because it is educational, which service will continue without question. C. Conducting milk and Dairy Products campaigns where whole cities and communities join to emphasize the need of Dairy Products in the diet. D. The Public Press, Billboards, Window Space, District, State and National Fairs and Conventions, and Commercial agencies, have been used where such service was warranted. 480 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI During the past year the National Dairy council has sup- plied over four million (4,000,000) pieces of literature to the consuming public, it has circulated three motion picture films, thirty seven picture shov^ slides, four billboard posters, several mechanical devices w^hich graphically demonstrate food values of Dairy Products at fairs and in window displays. The Coun- cil has supervised more than one hundred campaigns in cities and towns fostering increased use of Dairy Products, notable among these being Philadelphia, Cleveland, Minneapolis, St. Paul, Trenton, and Youngstown. It has also maintained booths at the National Educational Association Convention with 8,000 teachers attending and at the American Medical Association Convention with 10,000 doctors present. These functions are increasing almost more rapidly than they can be cared for with the present force of workers — thirty-two in number. The results of this type of work and stimulation of interest cannot be presented concretely. However, these facts are per- tinent. During the seven months, March to September, Phila- delphia milk sales were 6.65% greater than for the same period of 1920 in spite of a decrease in population. Detroit reported an increase of 20% over a preceding similar period as a result of a campaign. One milk distributor in a western city said, "M}^ milk sales are 18% greater than in 1920, which I attribute en- tirely to the education work which has been done." Butter pro- duction has been 100,000,000 pounds larger during the first ten months of 1921 than for the same period of 1920 and smaller storage stocks prevailed at the close of the period in 1921. Most leading butter manufacturers state that the educational work of the Dairy Council has stimulated much of the consumption which has made the butter market favorable. The manufacture of margarines during the first nine months of 1921 decreased almost 50% as compared with 1920. And, all of this increase in consumption of Dairy Products has been maintained in the face of a most serious national business depression with de- creased sales of practically all other foods. II. The National Dairy Council agrees to scrutinize and combat such false advertising and publicity of butter substi- tutes as may come to its attention. It has already secured the withdrawal of large numbers of false billboards, newspaper and circular advertising, by complaint to the vigilance committee REPORT STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 481 of the associated advertisers, Federal Trade Commission, At- torney General of the United States, and State Educational Institutions. III. The National Dairy Council agrees to place its educational material and publicity in such channels as appear most serviceable but believe that to serve the butter industry best it should distribute most throughout the area of New Eng- land and North Atlantic States where more than 50% of the creamery butter is consumed and one-third of the entire popu- lation of the United States are located. IV. The National Dairy Council agrees to maintain re- ceipts from the butter industry in a separate fund, expenditure of which shall be supervised by a committee of butter manu- facturers, selected by the butter interests supporting the Coun- cil, in co-operation with the officers of the National Dairy Coun- cil. It is suggested for the approval of such committee that the fund be budgeted as follows : 40% Billboards and window posters; 30% Pamphlets, etc., for educational work; 20% Dairy Products Campaigns; 10% in general publicity and investigational work. V. In consideration of your financial support the Nation- al Dairy Council will make report of receipts and disburse- ments with explanation at least semi-annually. To do the most successful and far-reaching work a fund of $150,000 seems advisable for butter publicity work as outlined under Division No. IV. To raise this amount it will be neces- sary to receive payments in the amount of 25 cents per thou- sand pounds of butter manufactured, or 30 cents per thousand pounds of fat handled, in creameries making a total of 600,000,- 000 pounds of butter. Do not look upon this as a contribution. or as joining one more organization. The money you pay to sales agencies, advertising agencies, commission firms, trans- portation mediums, etc., is based upon volume. Here you are doing fundamental market development work which cannot be done individually. You are buying a service just as truly as any other one of your marketing agencies. We are submitting this report of the work accomplished by the National Dairy Council for the reason that thousands of dairymen in this state are supporting this work, through their creameries and other marketing organizations and we believe 31 482 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI that it will be of interest to everyone to know just how this work has been handled. WORK OF IOWA STATE DAIRY ASSOCIATION (By J. P. Eves, State Dairy Expert.) The demand made on the Iowa State Dairy Association, during the past year has been greatly increased in spite of the financial depression. This condition, however, is only to be ex- pected since farmers always appreciate the possibilities of dairying during the period of hard times. The past year has shown a very decided trend toward dairying. This holds true in practically every county in Iowa. A comparison of the financial conditions in various counties of Iowa, as well as the comparison between states, has proven conclusively that the dairy sections are weathering the times in a very satisfactory manner as compared with practically every other agricultural section. This fact has been the cause of an almost unsuppliable demand for dairy cows. Bankers who would not ordinarily loan money for any purpose have been very free in the loaning of money to men to buy cows. It is a very noticeable fact in Iowa that this demand is coming from sections where the grade calf clubs, previously organized by the Dairy Association, have been in existence. These clubs brought, in many instances, the original dairy cattle into the communities. The farmers have finally realized the value of special purpose dairy cattle on the Iowa farm. I can cite one community where a grade club was organized in 1919. During the fall of 1921 five car loads of grade dairy cows have been pur- chased and distributed in this same community. It has been the attitude of the Dairy Association, however, that many farmers are not to be encouraged to turn to dairying. With a percentage of the farmers, it is only a temporary idea with the one purpose of merely supplying a satisfactory tem- porary market for their grain and hay and to help carry them over the hard time period. We have contended that it is wise to encourage only those men who are interested in going into dairying as a permanent enterprise. In comparing one year's report with another, we necessar- ily find that there is a constant changing of the line of work followed. The activities of the Dairy Association must of necessity respond to the demand placed on it and the change of REPORT STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 483 financial conditions has, of course, made a greater change than one would expect between one year and another. This map will illustrate clearly the counties in which work was done by Iowa State Dairy Association Representatives during 1922. X Represent the calf clubs organized in 1921. • Represent the calf clubs organized in previous years. DAIRY CALF CLUB WORK The boys' and girls' dairy calf club work, in spite of the fact that most calf clubs have suffered a decrease during the past year, gained in popularity. The Dairy Association is co- operating with and receiving the hearty co-operation of the Club and Dairy Extension Divisions of the Iowa State College in this work. 1921 was the banner year from the standpoint of the num- ber of pure bred clubs organized and the number of members owning calves in these clubs. The comparison of three years' work in which the clubs have been organized shows the fol- lowing: 1919 Four Pure Bred Clubs Organized 90 Miembers. 1920 Six Pure Bred Clubs Organized 81 Members, 1921 Eight Pure Bred Clubs Organized 123 Members. With but very few exceptions, the bankers in all localities are willing to finance the dairy clubs in spite of close money 484 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI because they realize the importance of developing the dairy in- dustry. To my knowledge, only two clubs were held back this year because of lack of finances. 1921 CLUBS Pure Bred Calves. No. of Organized by Calves ^^^^^ Dubuque Co. Holstein Brdrs. Ass'n 24 Holsteins Linn Co. Holstein Brdrs. Ass'n 25 Holsteins Fayette Co. Farm Bureau 5 Holsteins Jefferson Co. Farm Bureau 8 Jerseys Delaware Co. Holstein Brdrs. Ass'n 5 Holsteins Dubuque Co. Guernsey Brdrs. Ass'n 25 Guernseys Blackhawk Co. Holstein Brdrs. Ass'n 13 Holsteins Clayton Co. Farm Bureau 10 Jerseys 4 Guernseys 4 Jerseys Grade Calves Kossuth Farm Bureau 7 Holsteins Fenton 2 Guernseys Titonka 10 Guernseys Emmet Co. Farm Bureau — Ringsted 11 Guernseys 14 Holsteins It has been considered advisable to make some change in the distribution of time spent on club work and, consequently, more time is being spent on the follow-up work of the clubs al- ready organized and less time given to the matter of organiz- ing new clubs. It has proven that the greatest success is not possible unless a very close personal touch is maintained with the club member. This takes time, necessitates a number of visits to the club during the year, but has been the means of establishing the clubs on a good deal firmer and more success- ful basis. The number of clubs organized in which grade calves were distributed has, in accordance with this policy, been lim- ited to those counties in which the Farm Bureau was willing to get behind the club in the same manner in which they would follow up a pure bred club. This has, of course, limited the number of clubs considerably but we believe, in the long run, it will be the more efifective. The grade club has proven to be a mighty effective means of introducing good productive blood around cooperative creameries where they are often sadly in need of a better class of cows. In every instance where a grade club has been organized, it has been a forerunner to the REPORT STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 485 introduction of grade cows and pure bred sires. In a number of localities the demand for a pure bred club has resulted from the previous organization of a grade club. All grade clubs have been organized in the past v^ith the purchase of "baby calves", by which I mean young calves three to five weeks old which are shipped in by express. Great care has been paid in the purchase of these calves. During 1921 all calves were purchased from Waukesha County, Wis- consin, through the Breed Associations. The present demand for cattle has been the means of advocating, in many instances, the organization of clubs with older bred heifers, believing that this would bring a much quicker return. We have found that the bankers have been more willing to finance such a club be- cause of the quicker returns possible. An added feature of the three period for clubs is just de- veloping because the oldest pure bred heifers have just fresh- ened during the past year. The members are being required to keep a record of the milk and butterfat produced during the year and some very creditable records are being secured. In Fayette County, where liberal prizes were offered by a local banker, an interesting competition developed. Two prizes of $50.00 each to be given to the members, making the highest seven day record, provided the incentive. Bob Stewart, aged ten years, won the prize of $50.00 on the heifer making her record as a senior two year old. This club heifer. Miss Diana Butterboy Beets, produced in seven days 21 pounds of butter from 405 pounds of milk. Mike Stewart, his older brother, with his club heifer, Miss Eliza Highland Johanna 3rd, won the $50.00 prize for the heifer freshening, as a junior two year old with a production of 17.2 pounds of butter from 326 pounds of milk. Bob Stewart's heifer has been continued on her test by his father and will complete a record of very close to 600 pounds of butter. The success of a calf club can be pretty well decided by the public opinion of the people connected with it. It has been a source of satisfaction during the past year to see the greatest interest in clubs exist in those counties where the most work had been done previously. We now have a number of coun- ties in which at least four clubs had been organized. Fayette County has organized three consecutive pure bred clubs. Du- buque County first organized a pure bred club in 1920 and came 486 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI back strong in 1921 by the organizing of two more with a total enrollment of 58 members. Kossuth and Buchanan Counties are continuing their clubs that have all been organized on the three year basis. The grade calf club has proven very effect- ive in Kossuth County around the creameries and has been a decided advantage in stimulating the interest in dairying. EXCHANGE BUREAU At all times an effort is made to place the buyer and seller of dairy cattle in touch with each other. Assistance is always offered to those parties who are buying their initial dairy cattle and wish experienced help. The past year has shown the greatest results of these efforts. A large number of cows and heifers have been purchased as well as a number of pure bred sires secured to place at the head of herds that have not previously used registered dairy bulls. It is a conservative estimate that at least $25,000.00 worth of dairy cattle have been purchased during the past year through the medium of the State Dairy Association- At least fifteen pure bred sires have been purchased through the efforts of the Association's representatives. BREEDERS' ASSOCIATIONS A greater amount of time has been given to assisting the state and county dairy breed associations during the past year. It is the belief that through such organizations this office can do more effective work in improving dairy conditions within the state and within the individual county. Fifteen different breeders' association meetings were attended during 1921. Of this number^ nine definite organizations are now in existence. It is planned that such organizations should adopt some defi- nite piece of development work to improve and develop the dairy industry. CLUB EXHIBITS AND JUDGING CONTESTS 1921 witnessed the first exhibit of pure bred dairy club heifers at the Iowa State Fair and Dairy Cattle Congress. The start was not a large one but it bids fair to develop into one of the more interesting and educational exhibits of club work. In addition to these, two larger exhibits of all counties in which REPORT STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 487 pure bred dairy calf club work is being followed had their in- dividual county exhibits. Fayette County can be cited as having one of the most successful county exhibits. The County Fair at West Union and the Farm Bureau are co-operating in the maintenance of a club camp. All club members are required to show their calves at the County Fair and the camp is maintained so as to provide for the members a comfortable, as well as a safe place to sleep. A competent cook and care-taker, to provide meals and look after the members in a general way, is secured. This club is proving one of the big features in popularizing the work in that county. Considerable stress has been placed on the judging dem- onstrations and judging contests conducted among the differ- ent club members. This work has developed a great deal of interest and friendly competition- Judging demonstrations and assistance in training was given to five different county teams previous to the State Fair. In addition, time and assist- ance was given in training the three calf club boys selected to represent Iowa in the Dairy Judging Contest at the National Dairy Show. OTHER PROJECTS There are always calls coming on various projects that could hardly be listed under the major lines adopted by the Association. These requests are varied and rather out of line with the usual work of the Association, but assistance is given whenever possible. We have had the co-operation of the State Dairy Council^ The Extension Department of the Iowa State College and the Dairy and Food Commission at all times. As- sistance has been given these organizations whenever possible. ■ PROJECTS FOR 1922 The plans for 1922 call for the pushing of the work much the same as during the past year. The calf club work will be featured because I predict a great increase in the numbers and in profitable results during the coming year. Many counties are being urged by the bank- ers to take up this line of work. The interest of the farmers themselves and of the boys and girls is also rapidly turning to- ward the dairy calf club work. The pure bred sire work will be one of the features. It is hoped that some form of pure bred sire campaign will be 488 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI mapped out that will be effective in Iowa. It is certainly an opportune time to push this line of work because of the com- paratively reasonable price at which good pure bred dairy sires can be purchased. Assistance to state and county breed associations will be given additional attention. It is the belief of the Dairy As- sociation that these different organizations should be foster- ed and given all possible co-operation and assistance. The Exchange Bureau will be continued and an effort made to make it more effective. These many lines, in addition to the general demand, al- ways coming during the year will give the representative of the Iowa State Dairy Association a full schedule for 1922. The work of the Laboratory is shown in the following table : Cream and Milk 1978 Samples Ice Cream 141 Samples Miscellaneous Foods 65 Samples Paints and Oils 19 Samples Butter 194 Samples For Attorney General and County Attorneys 243 Samples Insecticides 43 Samples Board of Control 10 Samples Seeds 35 Samples Stock Foods 180 Samples Pharmacy Commission 2 Samples Bacteriological 140 Samples TOTAL 3050 Samples The amount of work done in the Laboratory this year is gratifying, being a material increase over last year and rep- resents, the work of two chemists with the exception of about two months of work by a third chemist, employed on half time. REPORT STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 489 LAWS ENFORCED BY DAIRY AND FOOD [COMMISSIONER DAIRY LAW The object of the dairy law is to insure the manufacture of clean, wholesome dairy products of uniform quality and pos- sessing high nutritive value, and to encourage and promote all branches of the dairy industry, thereby securing for Iowa farmers a steady and fair market for one of Iowa's most valu- able agricultural products. FUNCTIONS OF ASSISTANT COMMISSIONERS AND DAIRY INSPECTORS Inspection and educational work relative to sanitary con- ditions of dairy farms, cream buying stations, creameries, con- densed milk factories, cheese factories, ice cream factories. EDUCATIONAL WORK AT CREAMERIES Instructs buttermakers in new methods of handling raw materials and manufacture of butter. Confers with and addresses creamery boards and assists in mould- ing policies of the creameries. Assists in the building of new and remodeling of old creameries, and installation of new equipment. Periodically checks moisture content of the butter being made. Periodically checks salt content of the butter being made. Studies methods of manufacture at the creameries for the purpose of increasing the efficiency of the plant. Checks cost of production and costs of marketing. Advises creamery as to the best sources of equipment and mate- rials. Assists in securing frequent and regular transportation facilities. Assists in securing satisfactory markets in eastern cities for butter. Tests creamery scales, both test scale and platforrn scales, to in- sure accuracy and fair dealing. Schools operators in conducting Babcock test. Holds examinations to determine competency of candidates to hold license to perform Babcock test. Checks and controls production of navy butter. Checks and controls production of Iowa trade-marked butter. Assists in the organization of cow-test associations and calf clubs. Assists in educational work tending to promote greater and more economical production of milk and cream. 490 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI INSPECTION WORK IN THE FIELD Inspects stocks of butter and butter substitutes at warehouses, stores, bakeries and restaurants to see that illegal butter and illegal butter substitutes are not carried on stock or offered for sale. Investigates and conducts cases relative to testing of milk and cream by unlicensed Babcock operators. Investigates complaints relative to unlicensed milk plants and milk depots. Investigates complaints relative to false reading of Babcock test and other unfair practices. Investigates complaints relative to the application of the antidis- crimination law as affecting the purchase of butter fat. FUNCTION OF THE LOCAL MILK INSPECTORS In charge of local milk inspection work under supervision of State Milk Inspector. Inspects dairy farms supplying market milk to his district. Inspects conditions, scores and keeps records as to sanitary con- ditions of dairies, milk plants and milk depots. Periodically tests percentage of fat and solids in milk sold in his territory. Periodically secures and forwards samples to the department lab- oratory for scoring and bacteriological analysis. Investigates complaints as to quality of milk delivered and rela- tive to violations of the laws pertaining to production and sale of milk in his territory. FOOD LAW The object of the food law is to prevent the manufacture and sale of harmful, deleterious and adulterated foods, or foods which are sold under false representation as to their quality or value. FUNCTION OF FOOD INSPECTORS UNDER FOOD LAW Inspect Iowa establishments where foods are manufactured to see that no harmful or fraudulent adulterant enters their composition. Inspects conditions under which foods are stored, transported and sold to see that adulteration is not practiced. Surveys and forwards to laboratory samples of foods which he suspects or concerning which he receives complaint as to quality, adulteration or short weight. Inspects retail establishments to see that no illegal foodstuffs are carried in stock. Inspects quality of eggs, poultry and other farm produce sold to buyers and handled through trade channels to see that these products are not spoiled or in a condition which would lead to their being spoiled before reaching the consumer. REPORT STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 491 SANITARY LAW The object of the sanitary law is to insure cleanHness in the manufacture, distribution and sale of foods. FUNCTIONS OF INSPECTORS UNDER SANITARY LAW Determine sanitary conditions in establishments where foods are manufactured, prepared, stored and sold. Sees that raw materials are in sound condition and that decayed and other unwholesome materials are kept out of food products. Sees that no diseased persons are employed in establishments where foods are manufactured or sold. Sees that foods are properly protected from dust, dirt, foul odors, flies, rodents and other contaminating agencies. Sees that restaurants, hotels and other similar establishments maintain proper toilet and washroon facilities in order that employes can keep clean. SEED LAW The object of this law is to prevent the sale of undesirable varieties of seeds, seeds of low germination, dirty seeds, seeds containing excessive amounts of weed seeds, and seeds which are short in weight. FUNCTION OF INSPECTORS Inspects seed houses to see that seeds are properly cleaned and stored. Traces origin of seeds to see that undesirable and too slow matur- ing varieties are not imported. Sees that packages of seeds are full weight. Investigates complaints relative to fradulent dealing in seeds. Samples stocks of seeds and sends samples to laboratory for an- alysis. WEIGHTS AND MEASURE LAW The object of the Weights and Measure Law is to secure for all the true weight or measure of the commodity sold or pur- chased. FUNCTION OF WEIGHT AND MEASURE INSPECTORS Inspects and tests accuracy of all weights, measures and scales used in the purchase and sale of articles of commerce. Checks weights and measures of articles bought and sold by weight or measure to see that proper weights and measures have been given. Inspects heavy wagon, elevator and mine scales to see that they are properly installed and kept adjusted. 492 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI Investigates complaints relative to false v^eights and measures and other violations of the weights and measure law^. CONCENTRATED COMMERCIAL FEEDING STUFFS LAW The object of this law is to secure fair dealing in the sale of commercial feeds. FUNCTION OF INSPECTORS Examine stocks of foods to see that they are properly labeled as to quality, etc., and to forward samples to laboratory for analysis and comparison of feeding value. Inspects stocks of feeds to see that packages bear tax tags. Other laws enforced by this department are: Paint and Linseed Oil Law. Egg Law. Turpentine Law. Cold Storage Law. Commercial Fertilizer Law. Calcium Carbide Law. Insecticide and Fungicide Law. The duties of inspectors under these laws are similar to their duties under the laws in which duties are set forth in de- tail. REPORT STATE DAIRY COMMISSIONER 493 CREAMERY STATISTICS OF IOWA SHOWING POUNDS OF MILK AND CREAM RECEIVED, POUNDS OF BUTTER MADE AND DISPOSITION OF SAME, SO FAR AS REPORTED. 1 i o 3 1 1 *- ^ Q pq § -a -o COUNTY f-g 3 o "o-a '^U o s 1 ii it 11 3 *3 n i,d c£rt (5rt iSi'M f2^ tS.s fS-3 Adair 2 49,911 752,023 284,483 20,998 86,589 176,894 Adams 1 180,000 64,800 14,800 20,000 30,000 Allamakee 7 5,253,345 1,789,716 62,804 146,854 1,607,000 Appanoose 1 216,327 57,384 19,514 433 19,091 Audubon 5 34,029 2,555,721 363,518 10,865 46,361 294.275 Benton 3 108,000 472,671 217,674 3,150 177,550 92,974 Blackhawk 9 5,205,290 2,825,950 1,797,454 79,435 960,298 718.518 Boone 2 119,680 115,074 6,007 70.532 38,535 Bremer 23 47,383,070 1,696,246 2,631,421 246,175 268,750 2,157,973 Buchanan 7 8,545,108 1,697,247 1,650,924 83,621 649,884 919,869 Buena Vista 3 312,539 613,152 214,581 16,662 73,729 124,190 Butler 11 5,095,690 5,855,300 1,523,457 83.362 189,763 1,157,000 Calhoun .' 4 93,733 324,715 295,436 28,734 110,545 156,325 CarroU 8 381,603 2,613,320 1.125,598 11,636 632,300 481,941 Cass.. ? 874,691 44 220 830,469 585,008 Cedar 6 2,572,043 1,000,913 39.900 376,004 Cerro Gordo 9 2,804,64i 8,085,672 2,547,893 63,770 349,044 2,135,079 Cherokee 1 13,139 3,754 3,754 Chickasaw 9 3,270,473 6,053,954 1,918,802 190,850 37,462 1,701,825 Clay 5 310,000 510,999 177,045 14,525 31,552 136,340 Clayton 15 14,595,290 6,965,161 3,342,728 160,663 255,009 2,951,140 Clinton 5 16,304 1,305,080 2,210,487 69,764 154,388 1,986,345 Crawford 1 213.670 1,858,503 780,896 3,140 13,882 763,874 Dallas 2 77,522 3,000 44,122 30,400 Delaware 13 5,562,119 4,241,265 2,098,831 144,173 150,032 1,599,381 Des Moines 2 87,315 551,771 697 529,684 21,390 Dickinson 3 8,269,693 581,543 23,907 119,830 437,806 Dubuque 15 8,378,896 4,665,455 5,607,850 85,211 899,193 4,512,681 Emmet 3 33,866 977,226 291,415 28,577 35,286 227,552 Fayette ■!• 21,192,912 6,575,569 2,901,471 26,136 242,989 2,457,657 Floyd 144,203 1,997,788 639,237 36,600 196,736 405,901 Franklin. 7 64.289 2,3Q9,089 964,725 59,618 339,814 365,226 Greene 1 158,290 152,251 59,981 59.981 Grundy 3 436.849 593,379 400,686 28,688 2.013 369,985 Guthrie 4 52,228 924,972 352,049 14,411 230.170 104,003 Hamilton 5 676,159 306,507 194.875 22.069 48,009 124,797 Hancock 6 29,384 2,934,478 918.857 44,241 121,640 752,547 Hardin 10 361,254 2,957,797 2,053,116 82,412 351,504 549,674 Henry 1 29,000 29,000 Howard 9 5,429,6i6 1,538,683 38,934 30,341 898,353 Humboldt 4 431,728 1,220,014 422,788 18,841 133,333 231,221 Iowa 3 151,152 222,276 104,826 4,504 92,022 8,342 Jackson 9 249,744 3,686,672 1,370,435 36,921 324,244 969,472 Jasper 1 200,400 73,730 1,323 72,407 Johnson 2 1,050,000 377,049 110,221 267,828 Jones 6 140,174 6,345,433 1,946,284 130.634 175,755 1,&40,328 Keokuk 2 6,000 468,006 185,424 185.424 Kossuth 12 871.485 4,221,706 1,294,611 121,122 159,423 882,792 Lee 2 248,659 1,881,040 255,982 1,574,517 Linn 3,889,934 1,683,136 75,655 390,604 1,233,252 Lucas 189,056 ^ 189,055 Lyon 662,343 534,528 12,632 8,460 208,447 Mahaska 963,652 185,655 233,503 4,466 183,376 17,063 Marion 124.000 40,000 84,000 Marshall 982,689 1,617,925 679.590 28,490 235,332 415,768 MiUs 195,790 165,569 2,500 92,420 70,649 Mitchell 325,182 10,380,844 1,512,269 164,934 70.363 1,580.335 Monroe 108,478 210,000 50,400 50.400 Montgomery 138,678 107,685 260,986 176,314 84,672 Muscatine 33.351 493,557 156,695 8.340 99.606 48.749 O'Brien 2 330,004 143.445 1,779.606 490.392 650,307 162,621 49.404 37.579 204.533 15.003 396,371 Osceola 110.047 494 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VI CREAMERY STATISTICS OF IOWA— Continued. COUNTY 1 ll i ll ll ii S 1 11 1 ■SI pX'Aito'.'.:;:;:: Plymouth Pocahontas Polk Pottawattamie. . . Poweshiek Sac Scott Shelby Sioux Story Tama 1 7 1 2 4 2 2 1 3 2 7 7 4 1 • 3 1 3 2 1 3 8 10 4 9 3 ' 129,253 749,304 20,000 1,117,380 506,698 ■ 974,336 770,524 2,149,325 82,585 13,'27l',243 29,621 2,430,614 2,496,262 52,520 509,436 6,134,690 131,234 884,057 409,001 1,734,505 889,985 4,606,163 5,650,808 2,075,642 2,77'5',8i3 5,347,790 15,360 2,857,809 1,185,190 4,132,535 7,353,243 31,515,088 3,940,880 1,091,588 966,371 819,541 17,351 189,551 4,782,497 1,797,354 276,510 159,700 1,256,986 129,347 1,804,003 692,651 779,174 120,460 1,014,702 29,367 2,412,771 65,023 991,548 475,909 1,385,874 2,303,777 15,159,695 1,200,413 425,103 '77,640 70,6i7 19,966 4,671 4,886 14,212 144,835 93,460 1,900 19,022 9,762 2,000 11,860 165,695 61,317 14,000 91,608 16,078 30,000 277,297 17,351 129,084 2,287,641 323,216 156,714 177,287 1,201,141 24,641 275,805 287,574 74,575 25,863 318,464 " '232,749 61,991 44,000 455,478 99,201 169,668 1,112,587 103,739 164,853 835,175 452,212 '53,456 1,450,917 1,015,599 114,125 14,975 200,000 90,494 1,384,343 311,560 703,149 Taylor Union Van Buren WapeUo Washington Wayne Webster Winnebago Winneshiek Woodbury Worth Wright 75,575 704,071 2,080,020 3,032 945,548 8,571 1,120,576 2,075,663 13,993,935 1,003,052 244,833 Total Estimated on ac- count of Cream- e r i e s changed hands. Reports unobtainable... 414 152,919,481 212,937,945 98,526,996 213,423 3,369,595 19,257,688 * 75,962,956 Total 98,740,419 PART VII Corn Belt Meat Producers' Association Eighteenth Annual Meeting TUESDAY, DECEMBER 13, 1921 Morning Session. The President : Gentlemen, you will please come to order. The invocation will be offered by Rev. W. P. McCormick, of the Elm- wood United Presbyterian Church, of Des Moines, Iowa. Let us all rise while Brother McCormick offers the invocation. Rev. W. P. McCormick: Our Heavenly Father, we desire to bow before Thee this morning, acknowledging Thy sovereignty over us, knowing that in Thee we live and move and have our being, and that we are responsible to Thee and accountable to Thee, and that all we have is from Thee, and, truly, dear Lord, we can return thanks to Thee because Thou hast been good to us. We think of our misfortunes and difficulties and trials, and they seem dark to us, dear Lord, but it is only because we forget, perhaps, the misfortunes and trials and difficulties of others who are so infi- nitely worse off than we, and again we say, dear Lord, Thou hast been good to us. Thou hast opened up Thy hand and supplied our needs, and perhaps our difficulties come from the failure of men to co-operate, to think clearly, to act rightly, and it is with those things in mind that we ask Thy blessing upon us today, that these men gathered here today may act in accordance with Thy will, and some solution may be found for the great problems that confront them, and that they may be more largely blessed of Thee and more largely used for Thy glory. Bless the institutions of this land of which we are a part, and which we love — guarantees of our liberty. We pray we may continue to have that leadership of this land of ours that will emphasize these things and bring us larger inherit- ances of these things in the future. Bless us nationally, inter- nationally, individually, that we may talk with Thee and find larger and larger expresion of Thy purposes in our lives — we ask in Thy name. Amen. The President : As you are all aware, this is a joint meeting with 496 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII the Co-operative Live Stock Shippers. We are certainly glad to welcome them with us, and at this time I am going to ask their presi- dent to stand up and be introduced to you. You men who do not know the president of the Federated Co-operative Shippers, I take pleasure in introducing to you, Martin E. Sar. (Applause.) Gentlemen, I will now read my annual report. ANNUAL ADDRESS OF A. SYKES, PRESIDENT. Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Convention: We wish to welcome you all to this annual gathering and hope that you will feel perfectly at home and endeavor to get the most possible out of the addresses and discussions as they are presented by the different speakers. I feel that it is needless for me to state to this body of men that we, as farmers and stockmen, are passing through the most crucial period of our history. When we assembled here just one year ago in our annual meet- ing, we were suffering very severely from the financial blow that had struck us during the early fall of 1920. But all were hopeful at that time that something would be done speedily that would stop the ruinous down- ward trend of prices on grain and live stock, and that we would soon re- cover. But this was not the case, and in our sad disappointment we have witnessed the prices paid for our wares as agricultural producers cut in two in almost every instance during the past year, and as a result of this condition, five billion dollars have been taken from the purchasing power of the farmers and stockmen of this country, and today our government seems absolutely helpless to devise ways or means to increase the price of the products of the soil or to relieve the terrible burdens which are bearing down upon the producers of this country, and which, if allowed to continue, will in the near future create a rural peasantry in this coun- try similar to that existing in most of the European nations. In my judgment, there is but one logical way to relieve this distressed condition and revive business and start the wheels of commerce again moving, and that is to increase the purchasing power of the farmer by in- creasing the price of what he has to sell and reducing the price of what he must buy. It is a monstrosity and a horrible outrage upon the farmers of .this nation for them to be forced to pay the outrageous prices for cloth- ing, shoes, farm implements, harness and almost every article which they, of necessity, must have in order to continue their operations. At the prices which still prevail all over this country, something is radically wrong with our economic structure when it takes three times as many bushels of grain or twice as many pounds of live stock to purchase the same kind of article or the same kind of implement that it took prior to the war. Manufacturers, jobbers and retailers should blush with shame if they would stop to consider the distressed condition of agriculture and then remember the outrageous prices they are filching from the farmers for the very necessities which they must tiave in the conduct of their business. I believe it noteworthy at this time to call attention to the fact that PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 497 upon most of the staple articles, such as coal, lumber, clothing, footwear, leather goods and many other articles which we must buy, there has been practically no reduction in price during the past year. It is rather diffi- cult to determine just why this is, but everything that the people who handle these wares in their various capacities have such close working agreements and understandings that they are able, without much diffi- culty, to fix their own price and maintain it. There has been one thing very noticeable and conspicuous for its ab- sence during the past year, and that is any attacks by our big city dailies upon any of these profiteers, or in any way attacking the skyrocket prices still being collected for many of the necesities of life. This being true, we are led to inquire why this universal silence on the part of the great newspaper press of this country, as there is absolutely no other way to create public sentiment against these unjust and unreasonable conditions but through the daily press. We are wondering why the welfare of the masses should be so neglected by the spokesmen for the public. The lawmaking body of the nation was in extraordinary session for about seven months. Many and varied were the schemes put forward for our financial relief and yet, in my judgment, nothing has as yet been evolved and put in tangible form that will anyway near meet the situa- tion. From the huge appropriations made by congress it appears that our government has billions of dollars to spend for war, for armaments, for standing armies and for various other seemingly useless and needless projects, but it apparently has no funds which might be intelligently used to promote the welfare of the farmer by increasing the price of his prod- ucts, and in this way help pull him out of the financial quagmire. If the half billion dollars appropriated by the last congress for a naval program had been used to buy our surplus corn and pork products, and furnished these to the starving millions of Europe, the prices of these products would have been substantially increased, the farmers greatly benefited, the starving people saved, and the whole world blessed and helped, and our taxes would not have been increased one penny. Whereas, the money spent in the building of warships and armaments is worse than wasted, as it breeds war and bloodshed, and only tends to the destruction of both life and property, I believe the taxpayers of this nation should rise up as one man and speak out in a stentorian voice against the profiigate waste of our public funds for the purpose of build- ing naval armament, maintaining standing armies or subsidizing a mer- chant marine or shipping fieet. We have had enough of this during the past five years, and we should at once call a halt on this sort of work by congress. In my criticism of the federal government for failing to do what I be- lieve could and should have been done for the immediate relief of the distressed farmer and stockman, I do not wish to appear as being unchar- itable or unmindful of the financial help the government has provided through the War Finance Corporation, and I am glad in this public way to commend our representatives in congress for passing this legislation. Sufficient funds are now available through this corporation to supply the needs of our farmers and stockmen for agricultural purposes, but I want 32 498 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII to emphasize this point, that borrowing more money will not lift us out of this financial quagmire, and until some plant is evolved that will provide a market for our products at a price that will give us cost of production, plus a reasonable profit, we can not hope to see any substantial improve- ment in conditions, and I still maintain that it is the duty of our govern- ment to see to it that such markets are provided for. Digressing just a moment from the printed address, I just wish to say that personally I feel this way, men: It is all right for us to borrow money; it is all rig'ht for this government to provide money that may be made available to us as farmers and stockmen, to a certain extent, but we can never borrow ourselves out of debt. That money has got to be paid some time. You know that just as well as I do, and this thing of expecting that the producers of this country can pay these debts, whether we owe it to the government or whether we owe it to our bankers, under existing physical conditions is a physical impossibility. We never can do it as a people, and there is no use talking about it — we may prolong the agony and we may postpone the final day of reckoning, but we can not, unless there is something done to advance the price of the products of the soil and our live stock — I can not see how in the world we are ever going to meet these obligations in the future. I think this is a commend- able act on the part of our government, furnishing this money, and I wouldn't wish to appear in any other light, so far as that is concerned, but it is not something that is going to relieve us unless along with that comes an increase in the prices of our products, so that we have some hope in the future of meeting these obligations when they shall become due. Change in Federal Reserve Board Many and bitter have been the criticisms of the Federal Reserve Board for bringing about this sudden and vicious defiation in prices, and at the same time advancing the rate of loans. No doubt much of this has been justified, and some has not, but there is no use crying over spilled milk or further abusing the Federal Reserve Board. The thing that we must now see to as farmers and feeders is that the Federal Reserve act is amended by the present congress, so as to place upon that board the Secretary of Agriculture and a sufficient number of members who are practical farmers and thoroughly familiar with agricul- tural conditions to protect our interests and -to see to it that agriculture and the tillers of the soil as well as Wall Street are consulted in the future in the working out of the plans and program of the Federal Reserve Board. It is a lamentable fact that the board as now constituted is made up of men representing great banking and financial interests and that they are neither familiar nor in sympathy with agriculture and its needs, and it seems to us that the chief functions of the Federal Reserve Board have been to make money, and pile up millions in reserve in the east, and thus make money tighter and more difficult to obtain by the western farmer. This then being true, let me urge you to set about at once in a deter- mined manner to have this act properly amended, so as to protect your interests in the future. PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 499 Increased Consumption of Meat There has been under consideration by the various interests handling live stock and meat for some time past, the working out of some sort of plan for putting on an educational campaign through the press and other- wise for the purpose of offsetting and counteracting the insidious propa- ganda that is being spread over this country to discourage the eating of meat. The propaganda that was sent out by the food administration during the war to discourage our people from eating meat has cost our farmers and stockmen millions of dollars every year. Then aside from that, there is appearing daily in our daily papers and home journals, insidious ads telling of the evil effects of meat on the system, and comparing the food value of a pound of meat with its cost to the food value and cost of numer- ous other articles of food. All such tends to discourage the consuming public from eating meat, and it appears that it is now our plain duty in order to protect the live stock industry to organize in some well defined manner and set about in a businesslike way to correct this wrong impres- sion among consumers, and to show them in an intelligent way that meat is one of the cheapest, most wholesome and invigorating foods in the die- tary, and in this way restore it to its original position as food on the tables of the consuming public. A campaign to increase the consumption of meat will not only benefit the stockmen, but will automatically help the man who sells corn, for an increased consumption of meat means an increased demand for live stock, and this, in turn, means an increased demand for corn to fatten that live stock, so that all farmers are benefited in the end. Such a campaign as is contemplated will cost us some money, but I believe that under the plan outlined and prepared by a committee appointed at a conference held in Chicago, December 4, for the purpose of considering this matter, and which I will present to. you, I believe the campaign can be promul- gated and financed without becoming burdensome to any one; therefore, I want to recommend that you give this matter your very careful and seri- ous consideration. Plan It is proposed: "That a National Live Stock and Meat Board, consisting of seventeen members, each having one vote, shall be created to conduct and direct an adequate educational campaign counteracting the widespread and insidi- ous propaganda against the food value of meat and disseminating through all possible avenues correct information about meat in the diet, with a view to increasing meat consumption, in co-operation with the United States Department of Agriculture and other appropriate agencies, and to take such other steps as may seem proper to create a wider market for and an increased consumption of live stock products. "That the National Live Stock and Meat Board shall consist of eleven members representing live stock producers' associations; two members representing the Institute of American Meat Packers; two members rep- resenting the commission men, and two members representing the re- tailers of meat. 500 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII "That the producer members of the board shall be apportioned as fol- lows: No. of Name of Organization Members in Board American National Live Stock Association 2 National Swine Growers' Association 2 National Wool Growers' Association 1 American Farm Bureau Federation : 2 Texas and Southwestern Cattle Raisers' Association 1 National Society of Record Associations 1 Corn Belt Meat Producers' Association. 1 Kansas Live Stock Association 1 "That the producer members of the board representing a given associa- tion shall be appointed annually by that association. "That the National Live Stock and Meat Board at its initial meeting shall create a central working executive committee, which shall be com- posed of fou,r representatives of the producers, one representative of the retailers, one representative of the packers, and one representative of the commission men. And further, that each member of this executive com- mittee shall have one vote, thus giving to the producers four votes; to the packers, one vote; to the commission men, one vote; to the retailers, one vote. Each of these four groups, by its representaitve on the board, shall select annually its representative on the executive committee. "That while the National Live Stock and Meat Board shall be the policy making body, the executive committee shall be empowered to carry out the policies decided on, with authority to rent offices, to engage the serv- ices of a capable managing director with such assistants and facilities as he may need. "That this managing director and his assistants shall be the only per- son connected with the whole movement who s'hall receive remuneration for his services, except that members of the National Live Stock and Meat Board and members of its executive committee shall receive their travel- ing expenses to and from meetings of the board or of the committee. "That the executive committee shall render an account of its work and disbursements annually to the National Live Stock and Meat Board, or oftener if requested by the board, and that the members of the executive committee shall be elected annually after their first election by the board. "That the executive committee as soon as possible after election shall engage the managing director, establish quarters and proceed actively to carry out the purposes for which the National Live Stock and Meat Board is organized. "That the funds for financing this movement be raised by the collection of 5 cents from the shipper on each car of live stock (or at that rate on less than carload lots) and an equal amount from the buyer. PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 501 "That the officials of the National Live Stock and Meat Board be a chair- man, a vice-chairman, a secretary and a treasurer, chosen by the board from its members. "Respectfully submitted, "E. L. BURKE, Chairman. "W. J. CARMICHAEL. "A. SYKES. "A. C. WILLIAMS. "F. EDSON WHITE. "THOMAS E. WILSON." Digressing again from this printed report, I wish to say that this is a matter that has been up for consideration during the past year. A num- ber of conferences have been held on this question. There has been some difference of opinion among the representatives of the live stock interests as to the advisability of this movement. Some had objected to it on ac- count of the fact that they felt we might in some way get tied up too closely with the "packers, and that the packers would dominate this whole thing. Of course, that is one thing that we have tried to guard against in the formation of this national board, as you will recognize right to start with. The producers have eleven men on that board, and on the executive committee they have four men and the packers have one, so that we think that the producers' interests are fully protected under this plan as worked out by this committee. Now, you may think it strange why I am presenting this matter to this convention in this way, but you understand that I didn't bind this organi- zation by signing this report or plan as president of this organization. Not by any means! That is very clearly understood! This plan is to be presented to the various stock organizations in their annual meetings, and, fortunately, we happen to be the first organization holding its annual meeting after this plan was worked out and submitted by this committee on the 4th of December, last, and that is the reason that I am presenting it to you here today, not only as members of the Corn Belt Meat Produc- ers' Association, but as live stock men representing the Cooperative Ship- pers, because it is a problem that we all are vitally interested in. If you don't want these organizations to cooperate in a movement of this kind, that is up to the convention, of course, to say so when the proper time comes, and that is the reason that I have incorporated this whole plan in my address in this way, so that you may have it before you and note what the thought is, just what it contains, what the idea is, and every- thing and all about it. The packers are paying the same price that we are — that is, they pay 5 cents a car. They entered into an agreement to pay 5 cents a car for all of the stuff that they buy. Five cents a car is taken out of our shipments as the producers when we ship it to the mar- kets, and in this way it is proposed that this fund shall be secured to finance this campaign of advertising to increase the consumption of meat. At the time of your last annual meeting, there were a number of impor- tant matters pending, among which was the appointment of a live stock marketing committee by President Howard of the American Farm Bureau, the hearings on a complaint asking for lower freight rates on live stock. 502 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII filed by your association and others, the working out of a more orderly plan for the marketing of your live stock, and various bills pending in congress. These matters were all taken up by your ofiicers as the work progressed and their best efforts put forth to protect your interests. Freight Rates The first hearing on the complaint asking for a reduction in interstate rates on live stock was held at Denver the fore part of June, and lasted for some three days. At this hearing, you were represented by Judge Henderson, commerce counsel of Iowa, and myself. Here, the western range men and producers presented their case, and the hearing was then adjourned to Chicago, where the Com Belt feeders were heard, your organi- tion being represented by your president and secretary, and Judge Hen- derson. At this hearing a mass of undisputed evidence was submitted by differ- ent feeders and by a large number of statements secured from represen- tative feeders over the state, showing the terrible losses sustained by the stockmen and the deplorable conditions of the industry as a whole. The taking of testimony was conducted at the Chicago hearing, and the case was argued before the commission in Washington in July, and all felt that the live stock interests had made a very strong case, and confidently looked forward to a favorable decision which would give to all a material reduction in rates. In this, however, we, in the corn belt sections, were doomed to disap- pointment, as reductions in rates were only granted where the rate to a certain market exceeded 50 cents per hundred. We next tried to secure reductions through a conference with the railroad ofllcials, and in this we were also unsuccessful, and the final move that was made was to secure the reopening of the case. It was reargued on November 8, and at this writing no supplemental decision has been rendered by the commission. I did not feel that I was justified in taking up so much space to go into this case as fully as I should have gone into it in my printed address, so that I will just give you a little more information on this case than is brought out here in this report. This hearing was held before an examiner for the Interstate Commerce Commission. After the examiner had gotten all of his facts together and analyzed the whole situation, he came out in an open statement to the effect that the live stock industry was in a deplorable condition — there was no question about that; that while the earnings of the railroads might not justify a reduction at this time in these rates, he said the condition of the live stock industry absolutely demanded it and justified a reduction in rates, and just as much as said that a substantial reduction in rates should be made. Of course, after this statement went out to the public through the press, why, we felt confident that a substantial reduction In rates would be made by the commission, because we didn't believe that the commission would permit a representative of that body to make such a public statement through the press, as he made, if the commission had not practically O. K.'d that statement before it went to the press; but when the decision came out, we found that it simply said they would rec- ommend to the various railroads that they make a reduction in rates of PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 503 20 per cent where they exceeded 50 cents a hundred, and no reduction in rates where the rates didn't exceed 50 cents per hundred. Now, just what changed the minds of the commission after this first statement was issued by the examiner who heard this case, and who was in full sympathy with it, and still stands by his guns? Then we went to the railroad officials, and as I referred to here, a con- ference was called and this whole matter was laid before them, with the hope that we would yet secure in the corn-belt territory at least some re- duction— if not the full 20 per cent that we contended for, they would at ieast give us some reduction in rates; but they refused to do it. Then we again appealed to the Interstate Commerce Commission for a reopening of the case on the grounds of discrimination against this section of the United States, and the case was argued on that ground on the 8th day of November, I believe, and up to the present there has been no supplemental decision rendered in the case. That is the situation that we are confronted with. We can not account for it. Nobody can account for why it was that there wasn't a reduction in our rates, because when the advances were made they were uniform advances of 35 per cent. The advance was made upon the live stock shippers here in Iowa just the same as it was made on the people west of the Missouri river, but when the reductions came, there was a reduction for the shippers west of the Missouri river — that is, after you get out about 100 miles, but no reduction east of that to the Chicago market. Minimum on Hogs in Iowa In the meantime, the railroads had appealed from an order of the Iowa commission restoring the sixteen thousand pound minimum on cars of hogs shipped to points within the state, and the case was heard by the Iowa Board of Railroad Commissioners in January. In this case, your organization was represented by Judge Henderson and your president, and a number of witnesses representing both the Corn Belt and the Co- operative Shippers, who gave valuable testimony in the case. In due time the commission handed down its decision again establishing the sixteen thousand pound minimum as the standard on hogs within the state. From this decision, the carriers appealed to the Interstate Commerce Commission on the grounds of discrimination against interstate traffic, and this case was heard by an examiner for the commission in Des Moines on October 30, and no decision in the case has yet been announced by that body. Just a little explanation concerning the minimum weights on hogs to points within the state. In 1912, this organization conducted one of the most exhaustive hearings ever held before the Iowa commission, which lasted an entire week, and that question involved only state rates, and wrhen the decision was rendered by the Iowa commission it established a 16,000-pound car as the standard weight on cars of hogs shipped to points within the state. That minimum prevailed up until about the close of the war, when the regional director of railroads decided that these mini- mums should be uniform. Iowa had a 17,000-pound minimum on interstate business, and the railroad administration, by order, advanced the mini- 504 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII mums within the state to 17,000 pounds. After the roads were turned back to the different companies, Iowa restored its old order fixing a 16,000- pound minimum within the state, and the railroads appealed from that order. That is w^hat brought on the first hearing that I refer to, in January, and which resulted in the commission again re-establishing and confirm- ing the old decision of the 16,000-pound minimum, and then the carriers came back after that decision was rendered and appealed from the deci- sion to the Interstate Commerce Commission, on the grounds of discrim- ination against interstate business. Of course, you know under the 1920 transportation act, it seems as though the state commissions have no standing whatever, that they are merely figureheads. Now, of course, this is one of the cases that is going to try that question out, as to whether or not the Interstate Commerce Commission is going to go over the heads of our state commissions and set aside their order and make an order restoring or establishing the 17,000-pound minimum on intrastate business. Packer and Stock Yards Legislation I feel that your organization is to be congratulated on the splendid work it has done in assisting in securing the final enactment during the extra session of congress of the packers and stock yards bill, which places the meat packers, the stock yards, the commission men and traders under the supervision of the Secretary of Agriculture. This, as you well know, has been a long and bitter fight, but this organi- zation has earnestly and steadfastly contended for the enactment of such legislation for years past, and we hope now that all the various interests concerned in the production, selling or slaughtering of meat animals will in the future co-operate and work more harmoniously together for the best interests of the industry as a whole. In this connection, I feel that I would be derelict of my duty if I failed to make special mention of Senator Kenyon, of Iowa, and Kendrick, of Wyoming. These men certainly deserve the deepest appreciation and gratitude from the stock men of the country for the splendid, courageous fight which they waged for years to secure this legislation-, and I would suggest that a suitable resolution making mention of this fact be prepared by the committee on resolutions. Marketing Committee As you are aware, your president was appointed a member of the Farm- ers' Live Stock Marketing Committee of Fifteen; this committee being created to make a study of general live stock marketing conditions and to work out a general plan for the more orderly marketing of live stock. This, as you doubtless realize, was a long and tedious job, as the com- mittee held some eight or nine different sessions and spent weeks and months making the most diligent and careful study of the entire situation. Your representative on the committee was made chairman of the sub- committee on orderly marketing. This committee organized at once and prepared to make a complete survey and digest of the movement of live stock to all of the larger terminal markets. This we found to be a tre- mendous task, but it was carried through to by far the greatest degree of anything of the kind that had ever been undertaken in regard to the move- PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 505 ment of live stock. After this had been done and the movement of live stock had been charted with colored charts so that any one could see just what was happening and how the ups and down in receipts affected the price of our live stock, the sub-committee set about to work out plans that would, if possible, more evenly distribute the supply over the daily and weekly periods^ After these plans were worked out on the various kinds and classes of live stock and put in proper form and presented to the committee of the whole, it was found that it would be most diflScult to harmonize and dove- tail them into the plans of the sub-committee on co-operative marketing. Then, too, we also found when we presented our plans to representatives of the live stock exchange, that we could not secure their endorsement and co-operation in putting them into actual working operation. But this, I think, was largely due to the fact that the Committee of Fifteen was plan- ning for the establishment of co-operative selling agencies at the different terminal markets. After the various obstacles in the way of putting the plan over, as worked out, were encountered and it was found impracticable to attempt it at this time, the sub-committee found it necessary to very materially modify and change its original plans so they would harmonize and work into the general plans for the co-operative marketing of live stock. As time and space will not permit me to go into these as finally adopted, I will refer you to the printed report of the Farmers' Live Stock Marketing Committee of Fifteen which was adopted by the live stock conference at. Chicago on November 11. In this connection, I wish to state that I believe that everything indicates that the time has come when we, as producers, must prepare on a large scale to market our live stock by the co-operative route. The idea that live stock producers can not organize co-operative selling agencies that can successfully compete with the old line commission men is all tommy-rot and should be relegated to the archives of the past ages. The stock men can not only save from forty to fifty per cent in commission charges, but under the general plan adopted at the recent live stock conference, the most logical and surest w^ay to bring about a more orderly flow of our live stock to market is through our own co-operative marketing agencies. This, then, being true, we should urge the early establishment of a good, strong co-operative commission company at the Chicago market, and when this is done, every live stock producer and shipper should get solidly back of the movement and see to it that it is a success from the very beginning. The time is fully ripe for the live stock producers to enter this field and demonstrate the fact that they can market their live stock through their own representatives to a material advantage to themselves. 1920 Transportation Act Everybody except the men who control the railroads is agreed that rates must come down, and yet there are no material reductions, and why? Simply because the 1920 transportation act, known as the Esc'h-Cummins bill, prevents the Interstate Commerce Commission from reducing rates under the present railroad earnings. I doubt whether there has been a more vicious piece of legislation en- 506 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII acted against the agricultural and live stock interests than that portion of this bill which requires the commission to fix a valuation upon the rail- roads of this country, and when that is done, makes it the duty of the com- mission to fix rates and charges high enough so that the carriers will earn five and one-half per cent on the fixed valuation. As is a well-known fact, the total value of eighteen billion five hundred million dollars was fixed by the commission when everything was at the very zenith of inflation, and the railroads are now trying to pay dividends on from three to four billion dollars worth of fictitious value that never existed. And now when we try to secure a reduction in rates we find the rail- roals claiming that they are not earning the amount guaranteed them under the act, and we also find that the commission cannot order the rates reduced because the roads claim they are not earning the five and one-half per cent allowed them under the provisions of the bill^ And so it is the dear public goes on paying these exorbitant rates with little or no hope of relief through congressional action in the way of amending this law and eliminating the pernicious features which make it so distasteful to the shippers of the country. In this connection, I would like to say for the benefit of the convention that if the valuations of these railroads had been fixed where they prop- erly belonged, we wouldn't have such serious objectiqn to the guarantee feature of that law; but, to my mind, there was the first great mistake that was made. If there had been something, some provision in that bill which would have limited the valuations which migOit have been placed upon these railroads, then it would have been an entirely different situation, but the trouble was the commission had no time to prepare this valuation. Why, the Interstate Commerce Commission has been working for years trying to secure a valuation of the railroads of this country, and the facts are that the last information I 'had, they had only succeeded in placing the value on one of our big railroads. Now, this work had to be done inside of six months after the bill was passed. The commission had no time to work out and place a proper valuation on these railroads, and how was it placed? Just simply like we place valuations on real estate. We go out and look over a farm and say that farm is worth so much money. Nor- mally, that was a reasonable valuation, and so was this when prices were at their peak. And so they held a conference and the railroads contended for a twenty billion dollar valuation, and brought every pressure to bear to force the commission to place that valuation on our American railroads. Then here were the producers standing and fighting for a seventeen bil- lion dollar valuation, and under existing conditions it should have been fifteen billions — but at that time nobody expected such a defiation of values as immediately took place, and so the commission finally settled on $18,500,000,000, I think, or approximately that amount, and then fixed the rates as they thought they would earn the 5i^ per cent on that valua- tion. Well, now, we have got just what we have got in agriculture and every place else, as a result. We have got defiation, and these properties today wouldn't sell within five billion dollars of the value that was placed on PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 507 them by the Interstate Commerce Commission at that time if they were thrown on the market, and yet we have got a condition which requires the commission to fix these rates high enough to earn a dividend of S^/^ per cent on the fixed valuation. It is also interesting to note the attitude of the railroad employes in regard to a reduction in wages. Just as soon as a reduction is announced, the organization spokesmen jump out and threaten a strike, so it is that they hold the strike club over the shipping public continually; apparently not caring whether or not the farmer receives anything for the long hours of toil in producing his crops. It has been proven conclusively that the farmer received from ten to twenty-five cents per hour for the time spent in producing and harvesting his crop, while the railroad laborer received from sixty cents to one dollar per hour and time and one-half for over- time in the performance of his task. Railroad and all other classes of labor must be reduced in price, and the sooner the laboring people realize this and accept it the sooner will busi- ness of all kinds become readjusted and revived, and all will be benefited in the end. Likewise, freight rates and many other commodities must be reduced materially, in line with the deflation in prices of farm products and live stock, as it is grossly unfair and unjust to expect that agriculture must stand all the deflation in this reconstruction period, and if the present management of the railroads can not make them pay under greatly re- duced rates, they must be turned over to men like Henry Ford, who will increase their efficiency and cut the rates in two and still make them pay. Now, it seems to me that the duty of the live stock producers of this country, along with the farmers as a whole, is to see that the present ses- sion of congress amends this bill so as to give us some protection. I be- lieve that the commission actually wants it done. They realize the situa- tion. The only reason we didn't secure a 20 per cent reduction in rates on live stock in this case that I have been talking to you about was simply because the commission hadn't the power to do it. That's all there is to it! While that law stands in that form, the commission is practically helpless to reduce rates, unless the railroads voluntarily do it. That is what they did in the 20 per cent reduction on the rates that exceeded 50 per cent. The commission never ordered a reduction of those rates — they recommended a reduction, and the railroads made a reduction in accord- ance with that recommendation, but they were not made pursuant to an order by the commission, as was commonly done prior to the passage of this bill. Taxes Equal in importance to the transportation question is the question of taxes. These have increased by leaps and bounds during the past few years County, municipal, state and federal taxes are now so high that it means almost confiscation of our property in many instances. Taxes on farm lands range from one to three dollars per acre, which represents one-third or more of the rental income, and farmers everywhere are finding it most difficult to scrape up money enough to pay them. Never before in the history of our state has there been any approach to 508 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII the amount of delinquent taxes and the property advertised at tax sales. This is, indeed, a most serious and alarming condition, and a sad com- mentary on our boasted civilization and business efficiency. We cannot permit this condition to continue. Taxes must be reduced. This orgy of the reckless spending of the people's money by public officials must be stopped, and a sane and economic system of conducting the public business be inaugurated. Under force of the most dire necessity, farmers are compelled to economize and deny themselves of many of the comforts of life, in order to be able to meet their taxes, while there is apparently no economy or reduction in public expenses on the part of the men who dispense our public funds. The farmers and stock men should unite their forces and stand solidly together for a material reduction in their taxes, as they can not exist and retain their homes if this condition continues; and I hope that a strong resolution setting forth the farmers' position on this question will be adopted by this convention. I just want to say that after writing and preparing this portion of my address, I made a little investigation concerning the taxes on land within the state which I should have made before. I say in this address that the taxes range from $1 to $3 per acre, and I find that I was $1.50 too low — that they range from $1 to $4.50 per acre right here in the state of Iowa at the present time There are places in the state of Iowa where men are actually paying $4.50 an acre taxes on their land. And how in the world, men, are we going to endure and continue under those conditions? I tell you, this is a serious thing; it is a thing that this convention should give the most serious consideration to, because we as farmers and producers cannot stand this sort of thing, if it is going to continue, and pay these taxes with 30-cent com or 5-cent hogs or 4-cent hogs which we might have we don't know, of course, we hope not, but we have had 4-cent hogs in the past and might again. Mr. Ames: May I ask a question, Mr. Sykes? Can you tell us what part of the state is payirg those high taxes? That is, what section, what township or county? Mr. Sykes : There are some portions of Cherokee county where I found this to be true, and right in my own county there was one township where the township tax was $4.21 an acre. Mr. Ames: Is that a school district? Mr. Sykes : Yes, a consolidated school district. Mr. Ames: It is a local tax? Mr. Sykes : Yes. Mr. Ames: It is self-imposed? Mr. Sykes: Yes. Member: That doesn't include any paving? Mr. Sykes : Oh, no, that doesn't include paving tax at all. That is the tax that is levied by the county and the state. PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 509 Association iVIatters Concerning the work of your association, and membership campaign during the past year, will say that on account of the very stringent money situation and the discouraged and disheartened conditions of the farmers and stock men, it was not deemed advisable to push this feature of the work during the past year and we are unable to report a large increase in our membership. Nevertheless, we are gratified for the way our member- ship has held up and the dues have been paid, and in another year, it will be necessary to put on an intensive membership campaign and build up our ranks. Regarding the statistical work which was being carried on at Chicago by Mr. Harlan, will say that March 1, the Iowa Farm Bureau withdrew its support to that work and your organization continued it up to October 15, when Mr. Harlan was employed by the United States Bureau of Markets and Crop Estimates and the work which he has been doing at the Chicago market will be continued and enlarged upon, under his supervision. This work is without doubt the most valuable to the cattle feeders of anything of the kind undertaken and your organization is to be congratu- lated on the fact that we have been able to interest the United States Bu- reau of Markets and Crop Estimates in this important work, as under that bureau the work can be extended and enlarged upon to a much greater extent than could be done by your organization. And in this connection, I wish to ssiy that doubtless the interest that has been aroused at Wash- ington in this work on behalf of the live stock interests is largely due to the presence there of your former long-time secretary, Hon. Henry C. Wal- lace, who is now Secretary of Agriculture. Many other matters of interest and importance to the membership and to live stock producers have been taken up during the year your officers have been called upon continuously to attend meetings and conferences to discuss vital problems affecting your interests. Never in my experience as president of your association, have I given as much time and diligent study to these various problems as during the past year and yet it seems in a way, that but very little has been accomplished This distressing period which we have been passing through as a result of the World war and the vicious price deflation drives that were made from time to time by the moneyed interests of this country, fell largely upon the agricultural producers because they were not closely enough organized to resist the attacks and hold up the price of their wares as was those who produce manufactured goods, lumber, coal and other staple articles. Could the farmer of this country have resisted price deflation on their products as effectively as have union labor and those who traflBc in most of the other commodities and necessities, the farmer today would be in a vastly differ- ent condition financially and would not be on the verge of bankruptcy as a whole, and on account of this condition it is most difficult to bring about substantial relief to agriculture quickly. But we believe that con- ditions are more hopeful and if we can succeed in bringing about further deflation on many of the articles we must buy, which are entirely out of line with the price of your products, and at the same time could advance to some extent the prices of the products of the farm and ranch so as to 510 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII again bring these things into a proper ratio or parity with each other as in the past, the farmer will work out of this dilemma and will soon be on the way to recovery. Two things I feel are necessary just now in order to win and that is courage and optimism. We must keep up our courage and stay by the old ship and we will finally win out. To all who in any way have contributed to the success of this organiza- tion during the past year, we wish in this public way to thank you and to express our appreciation of your helpfulness. And now, let us all thank God and take courage and take hold of the tasks that lie before us as stalwart men and help balance up this old world again and bring about normal and healthy conditions. I thank you. (Applause.) The President : I would like to call on Mr. Sar at this time for a few remarks as president of the Co-operative Shippers. Martin E. Sar, President Iowa Federated Shippers : 'Mr. Presi- dent and Members : I haven't prepared any address to submit to this convention. Our Secretary, of course, has been doing prac- tically all of the work for the Co-operative Shippers and has a special written report which he will make at our Co-operative Shippers' session. Probably a good many of the men here are large feeders and carload shippers and haven't become affiliated with co-operative shipping associations; but it is a new movement, somewhat, here in Iowa. However, in ^linnesota and other sections of the coun- try, it is a movement which has been going on for twenty years or more and is a dominant factor in the live stock marketing, and in Iowa at the present time it is growing at a tremendous rate, and we hope, as the Committee of Fifteen states in their report, that ultimately the co-operative shipping association will be made so efficient that all live stock will be marketed thru that channel. Certain concessions, of course, will have to be made to carload shippers, because they feel that the rate which it is necessary to make will have to be made low enough so that they can get returns for that. To carry out any large program of marketing, you must have some local organization thru which it should pass, only in a nominal way, so that there may be some record when it leaves the point of origin, which can be collected at the central point, either in the state or at the central markets, or in some manner of that sort. I don't know that I have anything further to say, only we would like to announce our resolutions committee, so that our members and others, if they have resolutions which they wish to present, may PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 511 present them to the committee for consideration before making re- port to the convention. As I understand it, they will probably be presented to both organizations, so that they can act on them in case they do not conflict. As chairman of the resolutions com- mittee, we have appointed: Earl Elijah, Clarence; O. J. Kalsen, Huxley; J. E. Jensen, Buffalo Center. Your resolutions may be handed in to our secretary, Mr. Espe, or to any of these men, and they will be acted upon. Our credentials committee will be ap- pointed later. The President : This completes our program for the morning. If there is nothing further, we will stand adjourned until 1 :30. Afternoon Session. The President : Gentlemen, the time is now past when we should open our convention. W^ithout taking up further time in preliminaries, I am going to announce at this time the resolutions committee of the Corn Belt ]\Ieat Producers' Association, as fol- lows : R. I\I. Gunn, chairman, Buckingham ; Ralph Sherman, Grin- nell; E. G. Nourse, Ames; J. A. White, South Amana ; W. P. Dawson, Aurelia; Joe Thompson, Jefferson; Fred Larrabee, Fort Dodge; Warren Nichols, Minerva; Dave McLaughlin, W^ashington ; H. S. Bumgarden, Rock Rapids. Turning now to our program, the first speaker will be Prof. Cul- bertson, of Ames. NEW FEEDING WRINKLES By C. C. Culbertson. Mr. President, Members of the Corn Belt Meat Producers' Association: This is the second time I have been with you in the past two years, acting as a substitute for Professor Evvard I am glad to be here, but am sorry that I have to substitute for him. However, ill-health has kept him away this time. He had expected to be with you until two weeks ago, when he found he had to make another trip to Iowa City and Chicago to see his doctors. I am sorry to say that there is a probability that he will have to go to the southwest or west for a year for his health. I want to talk to you a little while today on the same subject that was chosen by Professor Evvard, namely, "New Feeding Wrinkles." First, I want to tell you about the work carried on at the Iowa experiment station during the past two years with cattle, sheep and swine. During the past two years our work with cattle has been mostly with molasses — experi- menting with the different amounts of molasses for fattening beef cattle. We have fed both cane and beet molasses in two different years, feeding these two products in different amounts, namely, one, three and five pounds, or two and full-fed per steer. 512 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII What is molasses? Is it a supplement or carbohydrate? Some people have the mistaken idea that it is a supplement to take the place of the lin- seed oil meal or cottonseed meal. However, molasses is similar to corn. Molasses runs about 25 per cent moisture, while corn runs around 15 per cent, otherwise there is a great deal of similarity between the two. Both years we have added this molasses to our standard corn belt ration — a very practical ration which has stood at the top or close to the top in our feeding trials. This so-called standard corn-belt ration consists of shelled corn (hand full-fed), three pounds of linseed oil meal per steer per day, corn silage (hand full-fed), and clover or alfalfa hay at night. Both years the addition of molasses had very little effect on the gains^ The steers have gained about equally in all lots. However, both years the molasses increased in the cost of gains from 25 cents per hundred when five pounds of beet molasses were fed, to $1.53 per hundred when five pounds of cane molasses were fed. The second year's work showed the cost of 100 pounds gain to be 50 cents more where two pounds of molasses were fed, and $2 more when the molasses was full-fed. There is an old saying that molasses stimulates water drinking and consequently increases the gain — but does it? We kept a water record on these steers both years and found that there was very little difference in the amount of water they con- sumed. For every pound of molasses eaten, the excess consumption of water over and above the check lot was as follows: Where one pound of cane molasses was fed, the water consumption was increased 1.7 pounds per day; where three pounds were fed it increased only one pound per day, and where five pounds were fed, the water consumption was only increased two-tenths of a pound per day. That is for cane molasses. The larger the allowance of molasses the less extra water was drunk. In the case of beet molasses, the opposite condition prevailed — that is, the larger the allowance of molasses the more water they drank — 1.39 pounds where five pounds of beet molasses were fed. We noticed, especially last year in the heavy-fed molasses lots, that there was apparently a great deal of fermentation took place. The steers would belch. Whether this has much effect or not, wo do not know, but there probably would be some loss of gases, etc. We were very much interested to know what we could afford to pay for both cane and beet molasses when fed in different amounts. We found where five pounds of beet molasses were fed against, you could afford to pay $28.19 per ton for the molasses and still return the same margin per steer as in the standard group. Where we fed one pound, you could afford to pay $105 per ton. So that where you fed large quantities there was a loss, and where you fed very small amounts it paid to feed it. Cane molasses showed relatively the same values. Last year, when corn was cheaper and molasses went down only $5 a ton, it was worth $35 as compared with $40 the year before, and you could afford to pay only $4.80 where five pounds were fed, as compared with $36.50 where two pounds were fed. Generally speaking, then, we have found that cane and beet molasses are about equal for producing gains on cattle, but in Iowa under normal conditions it doesn't pay to feed either one, except perhaps in very small amounts, unless you can buy it pound PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 513 for pound as cheaply as you do corn. This year when your com is cheap, you cannot afford to pay as much for molasses as you could two years ago, or even a year ago. This year, Professor Evvard went to Kansas City about the middle of October and bought 68 Shorthorn steers that cost $5.25 in Kansas City. We ran these steers on pasture until last Saturday, when we divided them and started them on test After meeting with the directors of your asso- ciation, we decided to run a test this year on roughages for fattening two- year-old steers. Our check lot receives the standard corn-belt ration, namely, shelled corn (hand full-fed), three pounds of cottonseed meal per steer per day, corn silage (hand full-fed), and alfalfa and clover hay, self- fed. The second lot gets corn (full-fed), two pounds of cottonseed meal per steer per day, and alfalfa hay, self-fed; the third lot gets the same as the second, except that clover hay is substituted for alfalfa, and the fourth lot gets the same as the second except that mixed hay (half timothy and half clover) is substituted for alfalfa. Another lot gets the same ration, except that timothy hay is substituted for the alfalfa. This lot also gets oat straw, self-fed. We are putting in another lot that gets all of the silage they will eat and three pounds of cottonseed meal and alfalfa hay, self-fed. Still another lot receives shelled corn (hand full-fed) and corn fodder (self-fed) and three pounds of cottonseed meal. We expect to have a Cattle Feeders' Day at Ames some time in April and will hope to see you all there. In fact, we will expect to see you all there at that time. We are asked a good many times, What is silage worth as a roughage for cattle? From the work done at the Iowa station in the past, it is estimated to be worth about two-fifths as much as clover hay. For feed- ing lambs, silage is worth a little more. Purdue has found, I believe, that it is worth around one-half as much as hay for fattening lambs. Last year we also did some work with molasses for fattening lambs We bought some 300 fifty-pound lambs in Omaha and started to feed them along in December, and fed them for 85 days. Cane and beet molasses were fed at the rate of one-quarter pound to one-half pound, and full-fed. Where we full-fed molasses, they ate about seven-tenths of a pound. The mo- lasses lot was checked against a ration that we have used with consider- able success for the past seven or eight years, namely, shelled corn (hand full-fed twice daily), corn silage (hand full-fed twice daily), and hay at night. Last year we used clover hay during the first part of the test and had to change to alfalfa the last forty days. For lambs, the molasses did increase the gain. In Lot 1, where no molasses was fed, the average daily gain was .29 of a pound, while tlie best molasses lot was 1.30 pounds. This happened to be in the lot that was fed a half-pound of beet molasses. However, the molasses increased the cost of gain enough so that the check lot made more money per lamb than any of the molasses lots. The check lot made 11 cents per lamb, and the other lots all lost money. The check lot sold higher at Chicago than any of the molasses lots except one. The main reason was not that they were particularly finished better, but that there was so much molasses in the fieeces of the lambs. When based on final selling price, the molasses was worth, to return same margin per 514 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII lamb as the check lot, from $25 in the best molasses lots to $8 in the poorest. That was when corn was worth 52 cents per bushel and mo- lasses $35 per ton. We have also done some work in fattening lambs with different grains, using corn, oats, barley, a mixture of corn and oats, and a mixture of corn and barley. The first thirty days in the mixed lots we fed two parts oats or barley and one part corn, and the next thirty days we used half and half, and the last thirty days we fed two parts corn and one part of oats or barley. Shelled corn was the most satisfactory grain fed, judging from the physiological and financial standpoint. The oats-fed lambs made the poorest showing of all groups fed. Apparently, a mixture of corn and barley is not a success, as the group receiving this mixture did not do as well as where barley was fed alone. Figuring corn worth 100 per cent in this test, oats were worth about 77 per cent as much, and barley 91 per cent as much. Where we mixed oats and corn, oats were worth 90 per cent as much. The barley when fed in the mixture was worth only 70 per cent as much as when fed alone. This again brings out the fact that in feed- ing lambs for market, it pays to stick to corn, properly supplemented. Some years it may pay to feed a substitute, but in general it does not_ During the past two years we have been asked to do a great deal of work with soy beans planted in the corn for hogging down purposes and as hay for sheep and ewes. We have wanted to do more work with soy beans than we have been able to do. Unfortunately, we have been short on ground, hence could not do any work with soy beans planted in the corn for hogging down purposes. We have, however, done a little work with soy bean hay for ewes. In this test we carried four lots of ten ewes from breeding time until they brought forth lambs. All ewes were fed shelled corn sufficient in the respective groups so that they would gain approxi- mately the same. Other than this, their rations were as follows: Lot 1 — Corn silage, alfalfa hay and salt. Lot 2 — Corn silage alfalfa hay, soy bean hay and salt. One-third as much soy bean hay as alfalfa was given. Lot 3 — Corn silage, alfalfa hay, soy bean hay and salt. As much soy bean hay as alfalfa was given. Lot 4 — Corn silage, soy bean hay and salt. Results showed that alfalfa and soy bean hay may be fed very well together. In Lot 3, each 100 pounds of soy bean hay equaled 90 pounds of alfalfa and 15 pounds of corn grain. In Lot 4, each 100 pounds of soy bean hay equaled 104 pounds of alfalfa plus 10 pounds of corn grain. These results show up very well for a good soy bean hay, fairly well podded and seeded. In the winter of 1919, we had forty ewes which we fed different amounts of salt. Our check lot received a grain mixture of 50 parts barley, 20 parts corn, 20 parts bran, and 10 parts linseed oil meal, three pounds of corn silage in the morning and one pound of alfalfa hay at night. Lot 1 re- ceived no salt; Lot 2 received one-fourth ounce of flake salt per ewe per day; Lot 3 received one-half ounce a day, and Lot 4 received one ounce per PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 515 ewe per day. The lots receiving a quarter and a half ounce made better gains than the lot that got an ounce of salt. Apparently, an ounce of salt per day was too much. The lambs in the lots receiving the quarter and half ounce of salt per day were stronger and better covered with wool and in better condition than those in the lot where no salt was fed, or where one ounce was fed. Apparently, a quarter of an ounce of salt a day is about right for ewes. The other day I picked up a farm paper and saw this heading: "From the practical standpoint, pure-bred live stock are better than scrubs, and the scrub sire should be eliminated." That theory is very well illustrated by an experiment we have made with a wild boar which we have at the station. Perhaps a number of you have been up there and seen this wild boar. Pigs sired by this wild boar and out of a Poland China sow took from late April to the 17th day of February to gain 150 pounds. This was in dry lot_ They were fed a ration of shelled corn (self-fed) plus a mix- ture (self-fed) made up of 60 per cent protein tankage, 50 parts; ground alfalfa, 25 parts, and corn oil cake meal, 25 parts, plus block salt, self-fed. This year we took this same sow and bred her to a pure-bred Poland China boar, and her pigs reached an average of 150 pounds on November 11, thus making a saving of three months in getting the pigs to an average weight of 150 pounds. The pigs from the pure-bred sire made the same gains on 82 pounds less of corn per 100 pounds of gain, which means that in dollars and cents, at the present prices, you would save about 58 cents per hundred pounds between the two, plus three months' labor and time. Speaking about soy beans, we have also done some work with soy beans for fattening swine in the dry lot. A year ago last fall we started a test where we carried three lots of fall pigs from an average of 50 pounds in weight to an average of 225 pounds. The check lot was fed shelled corn (self-fed) plus digester tankage (self-fed), plus block salt (self-fed). In the second lot, we fed natural soy bean meal (self-fed) in place of the tankage — that is, soy beans that had been hulled and ground; and in an- other lot we fed fat-extracted soy bean meal in place of the tankage. The natural soy bean meal ran about 33 per cent oil, while with the fat ex- tracted it ran about 8 per cent oil. When tankage was worth $100 a ton, as it was last year, the value of the natural soy bean meal to produce the same margin per pig as the check lot, was worth $35 a ton; the fat-ex- tracted meal was worth $48 per ton. As a swine feed, results were better when the oil was extracted. It is cheaper to produce fat with corn than by the use of the oil in soy beans. In the same test we had a lot that received vegetable hog ash, which is a product put out in Omaha, I believe. It is simply manure that is taken and burned in an incinerator and then reground and sold, and, according to the manufacturer, contains potassium, some sulphur, a little iron phos- phates, magnesia and silicon. We fed this the way the company advised feeding it, namely, in a mixture of tankage 50 parts and hog ash 50 parts. They advised us that a number of farmers were feeding this product and getting very good results. This hog ash cost $20 per ton, and when fed to make the same cost of gain as the check lot was worth minus $282 per ton. (Laughter.) In other words, they would have to pay us $282 per ton to feed it. (Laughter.) 516 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII The past summer we have been doing some work with mineral mixtures. On our annual Swine Feeders' Day, November 15, we gave out figures cov- ering the first 100 days of one test and 140 days of a second. Previous to this time, results of experiments purporting to have come from the Iowa station as official were put out. Unfortunately, these figures were mis- leading and inaccurate. Gilts fed on a mineral mixture of lime and salt and lime, salt and bone did farrow pigs a little stronger, and with a little heavier bone. How- ever, the average number of pigs farrowed per sow was not increased by the feeding of a mineral mixture. Don't expect the wonderful results from a mineral mixture that the fel- low had with the first hair restorer. This man bought a bottle of hair restorer. While taking it home, he dropped the bottle on the cement walk and broke it. The next day he met a friend, who asked him how he came out with his hair restorer. He replied: "I didn't get home with it; in fact, I dropped it on the cement walk; but do you know, it is wonderful stuff, for when I came along this morning there was hair growing on the walk." (Laughter.) Last summer we took twelve equally divided lots of five similar gilts, each weighing about 50 pounds at the start, and carried them 140 days to date. The basal ration fed in all lots is 3 per cent shelled corn, which means 3 pounds of corn to every 100 pounds of live weight, plus three- tenths of a pound of meat meal tankage (hand-fed) per gilt per day, plus whole oats, self-fed. Two lots are on bluegrass, two on alfalfa, two on red clover, two on alsike clover, two on annual sweet clover and two on rape. A mineral mixture is allowed to one lot on each of the forages, in addition to the basal ration. This mineral mixture is as follows: Salt, 30 pounds; spent bone blk., 25 pounds; wood ashes, 12 pounds; sulphur, 10 pounds; limestone, 10 pounds; Glauber's salts, 5.7 pounds; epsom salts, 5 pounds; copperas, 2 pounds; potassium iodide, three-tenths of a pound; total, 100 pounds. This mineral mixture, which was fed at the rate of one-third of an ounce per gilt per day, hand-fed with tankage, increased the gain slightly, as well as decreased the feed required for 100 pounds of gain on blue grass, red clover, alsike clover and sweet clover. It decreased the gain and increased the feed required for 100 pounds of gain on alfalfa and rape. These fig- ures are only preliminary, however. It shows that where you are feeding a good ration properly supplemented on alfalfa or rape, the addition of a mineral mixture is not necessary. The tankage fed also contains min- erals; hence, a mineral mixture is not as necessary, perhaps, as where some other protein supplement is used. We also ran a test last summer with fattening pigs on rape pasture where minerals were fed. In this test the basal ration was shelled corn (self-fed), plus a mixture (hand-fed at the rate of three-tenths of a pound per pig per day) made up of corn oil cake meal, 40 parts, linseed oil meal, 40 parts, and meat tankage, 20 parts, by weight. To this ration we added a number of different mineral mixtures, each particular mixture being hand-fed at the rate of one-third of an ounce per pig per day in one lot, and self-fed in another. The mixtures used were ground limestone and PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 517 salt, equal parts; equal parts of limestone, salt and spent bone-black; the fairly complete mineral mixture fed to the gilts; another made up of 34.36 pounds of salt, 28.64 pounds of spent bone-black, 13.75 pounds of wood ashes, 11.46 pounds of sulphur, 11.46 pounds of limestone, .34 of a pound of potassium iodide, total 100 pounds; and another, consisting of 38.81 pounds of salt, 32.34 pounds of spent bone-black, 15.52 pounds of wood ashes, 12.94 pounds of limestone, .39 of a pound of potassium iodide, total, 100 pounds. In this test, twelve lots were fed, ten of which were getting minerals. All of the lots receiving minerals made a slightly greater gain than the average of the two check lots. All of them but one made this gain at less feed required per 100 pounds of gain than the check lots. The lot that made the greatest gain and the cheapest gain was the lot that received limestone and salt in equal parts, hand-fed, at the rate of one-third of an ounce per pig per day. Where we self-fed these different mineral mix- tures, the pigs did not gain quite so much as where it was hand-fed. In the lots receiving mineral mixtures self-fed, the pigs ate about two-thirds as much as where they were hand-fed. We ran still another test in dry lot. In this test we fed lots of ten pigs each on a basal ration of shelled corn (self-fed) plus a supplemental mix- ture (self-fed) made up of 40 parts of blood meal, 30 parts of corn oil cake meal, 20 parts of linseed oil meal and 10 parts of peanut meal. This mix- ture was chosen for one likely to provide all the practical essentials of a ration except mineral substances. Eight of these lots received different mineral mixtures. Lot 1 and Lot 10 were check lots and received no min- erals. For Lot 2 we mixed salt with this supplemental mixture so that with every 100 pounds of supplemental mixture the pigs would have to eat three pounds of salt. To Lot 3 we added a mixture of salt and limestone (equal parts), so that they would still have to eat three pounds of salt to every 100 pounds of supplemental mixture, plus three pounds of lime- stone. To Lot 4 we added a mixture of equal parts of salt and bone meal (finely ground bone meal). The next lot received a mineral mixture of equal parts of salt, limestone and bone meal, so that they would be fed nine pounds of this mixture — three pounds of salt, plus three pounds of limestone and three pounds of bone meal — to every 100 pounds of supple- mental mixture. Lot 6 received ten pounds of the fairly complete mineral mixture, made of up 30 pounds of salt, 25 pounds of raw bone meal, 12 pounds of wood ashes, 10 pounds of sulphur, 10 pounds of limestone, 5.7 pounds of Glauber's salts, 5 pounds of epsom salts, 2 pounds of copperas and three-tenths of a pound of potassium iodide. Lot 7 received the same mineral mixture as Lot 6, except that Glauber's and epsom salts and copperas were left out. Lot 8 received the same as Lot 7, except that sulphur was left out. Lot 9 received all of the minerals in the fairly complete mineral mixture, self-fed free choice style. Six out of the seven groups receiving mineral mixtures made somewhat better gains and showed a little less daily total feed consumption than either of the check lots. 518 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII On the whole, the various mineral mixtures have done some good in increasing gains somewhat and in decreasing the feed requirement. The salt, limestone, raw bone meal mineral mixture group, Lot 5, is in the lead so far. This lot excelled both check groups in gains, appetite and feed requirements. The free-choice group. Lot 9, made a creditable showing. The approxi- mate percentages of materials as consumed by them when they had their choice is as follows: Salt, under 1 per cent; raw bone meal, 20 per cent; wood ashes, 36 per cent; sulphur, 12 per cent; limestone, under 1 per cent; Glauber's salts, 28 per cent; epsom salts, 1 per cent; copperas, under 1 per cent; potassium iodide (as mixed with salt), one-tenth of 1 per cent; approximate total, 100 per cent. The low consumption of salt is probable due to high consumption of Glauber's salts (when pure is a sodium sulphate) and the heavy eating of wood ashes, which carry to a degree the elements of salt. A good many people ask the question, Will hogs stop rooting when they are fed a mineral mixture? We have found that they will, if the rest of the ration is all right. If you are feeding a good supplement like tankage or skim-milk, on a good forage like alfalfa, rape, clover and blue grass while green, the hogs will not root to any great extent. The addition of a mineral mixture we also believe to be an advantage through the pasture. Hogs will make beds around, but they will not root and tear up the sod like where they are fed a poor ration. If there are any questions that you men would like to ask, I will be glad to answer them. The President: We will spend a few minutes in discussing this question, if there is anything anybody wishes to present in con- nection w^ith this subject. Q. They generally root more after a hard rain, don't they? A. Yes ; while the ground is soft. Q. I would like to ask the speaker whether he has the ratio of cost of cottonseed meal as to the price of other feeds? You spoke of cottonseed meal quite frequently, and I w^ould like to know the ratio of cost of cottonseed meal at the present time as com- pared to corn. A. Cottonseed meal now is worth about $38 per ton. Q. Forty-two dollars and fifty certs per ton, is it not? A. We were quoted 41 per cent protein cottonseed meal at $38, and oil meal at $42, a week ago. Q. What do you have figured out as to the cost of corn and other feeds in price compared with the price of cottonseed meal? A. When corn is cheap like it is this year, I doubt if it is best to feed three pounds of cottonseed meal, to two-year-old steers, es- pecially ; but it has been our experience that it does pay to feed some even with cheap corn and cottonseed meal worth $42 per ton. PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 519 Q. That would also be true of linseed? A. Yes. Q. Has the station ever tried any feeding of different amounts of silage in the winter time to the cattle that were on pasture in the summer time, to see what effect there would be on the cattle? A. No; we haven't had the land so that we could do that. We have a new farm now, ar.d we hope to do some summer feeding of cattle in the future. One winter we tried different amounts of corn and silage, one of silage and no corn, and others a half feed- ing of silage. Q. And then did you pasture them? A. No, we didn't; they were finished and we sold them. Q. Did you ever try feeding cattle with a full feed of shelled corn and salt allowed self-fed? A. In some experiments a comparison was made between salt and no salt, several years ago. Q. What was the result? A. There is an advantage in feeding salt. There is an in- crease in gain. Steers ate less than half an ounce of salt a day, yet it increased the gain and decreased the cost of 100 pounds of gain. Q. You spoke of feeding bone-meal. Where do you get it? A. It can be bought from any of the packers, and it costs about $75 a ton. Wt used Armour's finely ground bone-meal in our tests. In some of our tests we have used spent bone-black. That is the part of the bone-meal that has been used in the sugar refineries and is "worn out." You can buy it for around $30 per ton. There is some question as to which is the best — bone-meal or spent bone- black. It may be as good as bone-meal. It can be bought from the Clinton Corn Syrup Refining Company, at Clinton, Iowa. Q. There is a mineral that is claimed to increase the number of pigs farrowed, and I have been told that Ames recommended it. A. There is a mineral mixture put out by a company, the formula of which was taken from the fairly complete mineral mixture that we have used. In two years' work we have found that lime, salt and bone is apparently practically as good as that mixture. Neither one increased the number of pigs farrowed per sow. Lime, salt and bone cost about 3 cents per pound to mix. The fairly complete mix- ture you can buy from one company for 5 cents in 200 or 500- pound lots, I believe. So far we have had good results from lime, salt and bone. In the case of pregnant sows, it might be a little 520 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII better to add potassium iodide at the rate of one-third of an ounce per 100 pounds of mineral mixture. Q. Did you ever feed any of this condensed buttermilk? A. Yes, we have done a Httle work with that. Two years ago we did some work with condensed buttermilk, as well as a number of specially prepared feeds. We fed corn and tankage in one lot on rape ; in another lot corn and tankage and buttermilk on rape. It didn't pay to feed the buttermilk in that case, due to the increased cost. Condensed buttermilk costs more than tankage. For fat- tening hogs it is more expensive than tankage. O. What do you feed your sows farrowing in the winter time so as to retain their milk? A. We have had good luck in feeding oats, corn, tankage and salt — one to two pounds of ground oats per sow per day, plus corn (self -fed), plus tarkage (self -fed), plus a mineral mixture. Q. How would wood ashes and salt and lime do? Would coal cinders be as good as wood ashes? A. I think that is fine. I think it would be an advantage to feed that mixture. Wood ashes are all right, but coal ashes and cinders are not as good. \A^e had one lot last summer where some holes had been filled with coal cinders. The pigs started eating these cinders and immediately went ofif feed. Their coats were rough, they looked unhealthy, and their dung was hard and black. After moving this group of pigs to a new lot where there were no cinders, they immediately commenced to do better. Q. Have you ever tried sand and gravel? A. No. Some of our lots are of sand and gravel, but we have never done any real experimental work with sand or gravel. Q. Did you notice any difference in the droppings ? A. A little bit, yes. O. Have you had any experience in ringing your hogs with the Stewart hog ringer? A. No, sir ; we don't ring any of our fattening hogs. Q. Do you feed them minerals enough to keep them from root- ing up the pastures? A. We never had much trouble with them where we have fed a good ration. Q. Do the hogs get any benefit from rooting the pasture? A. They may get some things out of the dirt — perhaps minerals, etc. PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 521 Q. Should hogs root that have been self -fed on corn, tankage, blue grass, clover and rape? A. I don't think so, no ; I don't think they should. I have often thought I would like to be a hog for a while to see why they do some of the things they do. (Laughter.) Q. Isn't the rooting of a hog better for the pasture than it is for the hog? A. Not if he tears it all up. Q. Isn't that the reason he is doing it? I have a pasture that has not had hogs in it for some time, and they tore that up, and I have another pasture where hogs have been in it for two years, and that pasture has never been torn up in recent years. A. White grubs in the pasture may be one reason why the pigs root. Q. It eliminated the grubs. A. A year ago we fed a lot of pigs on corn, salt and blue grass, and the field looked as though it had been plowed. Q. Is slack coal and salt considered a good feed for hogs? A. We have never run tests with it, but from the way pigs have done for us on cinders, I would rather not use slack coal. Some people tell me they get good results from feeding slack coal, but I would rather not use it if I could get wood ashes or ground lime- stone. Q. What is the value of alfalfa hay for brood sows during win- ter weather in dry lot? A. It is good. If you have good green alfalfa of third cut- ting, sows will get along fairly well on corn and alfalfa hay. They must eat at least a pound a day. It is safer to add a little tankage. Stronger pigs were farrowed for us where alfalfa hay was kept before the sows, even when fed tankage. Q. What will silage do with sows just rising to farrow? A. We haven't had much experience along that line. We fed it to two sows and fed them all they could eat for two weeks just before farrowing, and it didn't hurt them. That's the only expe- rience we have had with it : Some feeders report that they have had bad results. Q. Were the pigs rugged and active? A. Yes. Q. Did you ever have any bad experience in feeding tankage to brood sows? Do you self-feed it? A. Never; we hand-feed it. We find that a half pound a day 522 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII per sow is plenty. If you limit the amount, you save money. Never self-feed tankage when the grain ration is limited. Your pocketbook would soon be empty The President: Now, gentlemen, we will have to close this dis- cussion, interesting and instructive as it is. (Applause.) The next speaker on the program this afternoon is Mr. W. A. McKerrow. Mr. INIcKerrow was formerly a Wisconsin man con- nected with the live stock industry there. His father, prior to him, was also a live stock man. At the present time Mr. ]\IcKer- row is manager of the Central Co-operative Commission Company at St. Paul. He was a member of the Farmers' Live Stock Mar- keting Committee of Fifteen. I have known our friend for a num- ber of years, and have nothing but words of praise to speak of him. I am not going to enlarge on his work, because I don't want to take his speech away from him, or make it, and at this time, without further remarks, I am going to introduce to this audience W. A. McKerrow, of St. Paul. ]\Ir. McKerrow. (Applause.) FUNDAMENTALS OF CO-OPERATIVE SHIPPING AND SELLING By W. A. McKerrow. Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen: I have not prepared an address or a speech, because we have been contending with a worl^men's strike at South St. Paul, and the various other duties that have required my attention dur- ing the past quite a long time. I always like to come into the state of Iowa, and I have been coming into this state ever since I was eight years old. I think the first time I came to your state fair with my father we brought a bunch of sheep, and I have been coming into the state nearly every year since, and have al- ways felt as though this great old state of Iowa stood out conspicuously in the development of agriculture, because her farmers are producers of the best class of live stock in America. Why? Because her farmers are alert to the progressive movements that are for the benefit and for the development of this great industry. You are interested in the breeding of pure-bred live stock, and, as I remember it, I believe you lead in very nearly every class of live stock that we have, with the possible exception of dairy cattle, about which Wisconsin likes to boast. And when I think about the progress you have made in the breeding of high-class live stock, it reminds me of my friend, or rather his observation when he was over in Great Britain. As you know, in Great Britain the kings and the dukes and the lords, and all of the noted personages take pride in their live stock and they are live stock producers, and at the English Royal every year the king or queen, whichever it may be, reviews the live stock, and this friend of mine picked up that little paper, Puck, and in it was a car- toon showing a great champion Shorthorn bull in the ring being inspected by a little dapper duke, standing by and admiring him, saying what a won- derful wealth of flesh, what a great loin, what a great quarter, and what a PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 523 wonderful head, and it showed the Shorthorn bull, looking at this little, insignificant duke and saying, "Yes, my kind sir, if there had been as much attention paid to the selection of your ancestors as there has been to mine, you would be a different looking specimen." (Laughter and ap- plause.) I don't want to take up a lot of time this afternoon telling you what a good lot of fellows you are, because I thoroughly appreciate that there are so many important problems pertaining to agriculture that you have not tackled in the same way in which, perhaps, you will in the future. We have all heard this splendid talk on the importance of feeding properly, the economy of proper feeding, and in my opinion there never has been a time when the farmer should pay more attention to economical feeding, in economical production, even though your feeds are not worth much just now. None of you people today think that you can afford to spend your labor in feeding dairy cows, for instance, and milking them six hundred times a year, that aren't producing more than 150 pounds of butter-fat. Your labor, if you are hiring it today, is moderately high. We find that true in our own farms in Wisconsin where we have to hire six or eight men all the time, that we cannot afford to keep the poor-producing animal. You have heard something about railroad rates. Just recently one of our friends at Huron, S. D., figured out the freight rates on a carload of corn. He found that he could sell that carload of corn at home for $300, and yet when that carload was shipped to New York City the actual cost was $900, or twice as much in freight and other costs as he could get for this corn at Huron. And we could go on and name many samples of the same kind and you people are tackling those problems. Now, then, we are going to come to and are approaching another prob- lem, and I believe that every live stock farmer in the state of Iowa should be vitally interested in this situation, and that is the situation of co- operative marketing of live stock. Now, you will pardon me this after- noon if I talk more or less about the northwest or Minnesota. Your good secretary of this state shippers' association has told me that you have nearly 700 shipping associations. We only have in Minnesota something like 500, but you know there has been a condition that has forced the sit- uation of local co-operative shipping associations on the people of Minne- sota and the northwest. I say a situation forced on them. Now, I want to tell you it is not all forced, but we had in Minnesota an example of co-op- erative marketing that, in my opinion, is hardly approachable by any other co-operative marketing system, and that is the co-operative cream- ery. We have 641 co-operative creameries, which are marketing the ma- jority of the butterfat or the butter in Minnesota. We have compiled fig- ures for the past fifteen years, and we can prove without doubt that our farmers for the past fifteen years have received over 6 cents a pound for their butter-fat more than the farmers in states which are controlled b)4 the old centralizer system. This has laid a foundation for further co- operative development. This shipping association work then started. I think you made your start as soon or sooner in Iowa, but you know, up in the territory where there was a sparse production of live stock, the local buying system was established. The farmer that ships out a half carload 524 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII of stock a year, veal calves, a few hogs, and some canner cows, and so on, is not a man that keeps in touch with the market. I can show you many a community that formerly maintained two, three, and sometimes four local stock buyers who bought from the farmer his cutter cow that might have been a canner at from ten to twenty dollars less than she would have Drought on the market. That condition started the co-operative shipping association. We talk about Litchfield, Minn., as the first shipping asso- ciation locality, I went into the hotel there one day, and the hotel man didn't know who I was. I said: "Well, how is the local shipping associa- tion getting on?" "Oh, I don't know," he replied; "pretty good, I guess; but I don't like it very well." "Well, why not?" I asked, and he said, "You know, I used to be able to slip out here in the country and buy a veal calf or a hog, withoift much trouble, but now when I go out to buy something from these darn farmers he says to me, 'I don't know what the market is, but I know I will get what«it is worth by shipping through the local ship- ping association, so I guess I'll ship.' " That's a pretty good indication of the work being done by that co-operative association. And from that nucleus the local shipping association has grown until today 80 per cent of the live stock marketed through South St. Paul goes through the local shipping associations. It has grown from the little producer to the larger producer, and it has developed, as I say, most satisfactorily, and I am hoping to see the time when every Middle West farm will market its live stock through the co-operative shipping association — not necessarily that you shippers that are shipping carloads of hogs or cattle will get more money for those certain carloads, but because this foundation of co-opera- tive marketing is bound to grow and is going to be a factor still further than merely the few benefits that might be gained through that local in- stitution. There are many detailed problems with reference to the local asso- ciation that I might go into, but I am not going to do it. We have a good state organization; we have a state organization, in my opinion, that has been one of the most tremendous forces for good of any farmers' associa- tion in the state of Minnesota. Now, why? Because they took an interest in the matter of service as a state organization, with the railroads, with the local yard service. Then we went on to the state legislature, and I just want to mention a few things that we accomplished through the state legislature. Today our state Farm Bureau has become a great force in Minnesota. We have got a coalition of the Farm Bureau and the shippers' association, working hand in hand, the state shippers' asso- ciation being the commodity organization for live stock. Now, just a few things. You heard this morning that the packer control bill was passed. Better than nothing — a good bill, a good start, but, in my opinion, it is not enough. During the hearing in Chicago, ten days ago, '• I had the opportunity of saying what I thought of it, and I will repeat that the bill is a good bill, but it doesn't have teeth enough in it to pro- tect the live stock producers of this country. We went before our state legislature in Minnesota with our troubles. Well, this matter of hog troughs doesn't make much difference, perhaps, in the yards. For a time we had hog troughs in our yards for hogs, and then the companies PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 525 tore them out; said they didn't want them. Our shipping association went to the legislature, after having figured — not blindly, but having figures on our shipments showing that when the troughs were taken out we were paying for more corn and that the surplus corn would have amounted to $5,000 a year, while at the same time we got less value out of the hogs to which we fed the larger amount of corn, so we passed a bill providing that hog troughs should be put back in the stock yards, and we got them, and we have them in today, and I think we are going to have them in right along. We had passed thru the same periods that every other market, or practically so, has gone through at which you market your product. We found that whenever the commission merchants wanted to raise their rates, they didn't ask the men that pay the bill, but they simply went ahead and put in the rates. Whenever the stock yards company wanted to raise the price of corn or hay or yardage, they didn't ask the producer to sit in with them and consider that problem, but they raised their prices. Our shippers went before the legislature and said that the time had arrived when we must have a board of arbitration in Minnesota that will settle these problems, determine a fair rate on feed and on commis- sion charges, and we passed the bill, which is under the jurisdiction of the railroad and warehouse commission. Well, then, in the natural course of events, of course, would come the court procedure that you farmers all know from experience is the resort of those who don't want to have these things go through. Two years ago the bill was passed, and we are going through a series of court proceedings. The first thing was when the commission lowered the commission charges, and the first case was brought under the claim that the yards were under the supervision of the federal government, and that case went along and was decided last April. The Lever act went out of effect on March 3, so federal con- trol ended at that time. Then the commission established the rates — and the law provides for reasonable rates. Well, they took it to court on the word "reasonable," and it is still in court. (Laughter.) It is the same way with feed. We are paying $1.25 a bushel for corn up in Minne- sota. You aren't paying any less in Chicago or Sioux City. We have faith in winning both of these cases. We, still further, have other liti- gation pending, but I am not going to go any further into that situation, but this is what happened: Our farmers got tired of going through the series of court proceedings and fighting every step of the way; they believed that too many people were engaged in the commission business on account of the high rates, and as long as the commission merchants were not willing to take a fair rate of commission charges when the producers' live stock had dropped 10, 20, 30, 50, 75, 100 per cent, that they were going to see if they couldn't operate and do their own business more efficiently than supporting the enormous amount of men that were living on the live stock producers, and about that same time the Com- mittee of Fifteen was appointed; but our asscoiation went ahead and orgsnized and organized on practically the same plans as the report of the Committee of Fifteen. Now I want just briefly to tell you of our organization, for the piorpn.?'? of trying to convince the farmers and the Com Belt Meat H-qcsucv.'^' 526 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII Association that they can run their own commission business; that they can absolutely succeed beyond any question of doubt, providing — pro- viding the farmers of the middle west will support their own institution and go into it believing that it can and it will succeed, and I want to say that you will save the farmers of Iowa — not this com- mission, that is not the big thing, but you will save them hundreds and thousands of dollars a year. Somebody will say, "That's a pretty strong statement." It is, but we must have your support, gentlemen. That is what we are getting at South St. Paul — support. I don't think I wish to go into detail about our organization. I pre- sume that every one of you has read the report of the Committee of Fifteen. Its report provides for a terminal marketing agency composed of the live stock producers marketing there that take out a membership, or if they don't take out a membership in the beginning, they patronize the institution, and the first patronage dividends, if such are declared, the memberships will be taken out. But I hope there are no farmers who will wait and say, "We will get on the band wagon when we see she is moving along smoothly." You know that that is the habit with too many of us, that we say, "Well, let's wait and see how she goes." I heard an Illinois man say in South St. Paul the other day, "Do you think it will be safe to ship a carload at a time to the new co-operative associa- tion at Chicago?" Just think of it! Your terminal marketing agency provides for a stocker and feeder department. It is able to sell direct from the producer of stockers and feeders to the man that feeds. Your membership isn't much. We borrowed $1,000 at South St. Paul to start putting on our membership drive, and we put out twelve men. Now our organization doesn't belong only to the Wisconsin Society of Equity, although we have got a lot of men that are members; doesn't belong to the Farmers' Union; doesn't belong to the Farm Bureau, but belongs to every man that is producing live stock in the northwest, and that is one trouble — in too many sections of this country you will find men that say, "Well, if the Farm Bureau won't play with me, I won't play"; "If the Farmers' Union won't play with me, I won't play"; or "If the Society of Equity won't play with me, I won't play." I want to tell you that that is the most serious mistake that can possibly be made, for your oppo- nent is always looking for that kind of meat — it is sweet and savory to him — it is the greatest thing to destroy co-operative institutions of any- thing that you can think of or realize. We don't have a market like Chicago, but we have farmers to the number of 60,000 that belong to our marketing agency through the local shipping associations in all the states that market at South St. Paul. Just a word about the magnitude of business, and then I will go back again. We started on the 8th of August. We handled 71 cars the first week; the first month we handled 442 cars. The old line commission firms said, "Well, gosh, that's pretty good, but they have reached the iKptisrht of their business." The next month we handled 701 cars, and Tii^y anH, "We car not see how it happened, but they are not going any Turfaer," The F'onth of October we handled 1,100 cars, and then they began to guess. Last month we handled 1,293 cars. The first month we PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 527 handled twice as many cars as the highest producing firm on the market; the next month we handled three times as much; the next month nearly four times as much, and in the first four months we handled 236,570 head of live stock, and the firm next to us handled 81,900 head. So much for business! We handled in the first month in dollars, $502,000; the next month, $788,000; the third month, $1,207,000, and the fourth month, $1,399,000, or a little better than a million dollars a month. I am just going into these details to show you that in spite of, perhaps, the greatest opposition that almost anybody or any farmers' organization ever had, the farmers put it over. We had a big organization of sales- men. We had to, to start, and we had more business the first week than anybody else there. They said we were going broke; we couldn't pay expenses. The first week we paid for our labor; the second week we recovered all expenses; the third week we laid money aside, and today we have $26,000 out at interest that we don't need in the business, and besides this, I told you the railroad and warehouse commission estab- lished a lower rate, 25 per cent lower, than the old lines wanted to charge. We stepped in and accepted the railroad and warehouse commission's 25 per cent lower rate. If we had charged that high rate that the others are charging today, we would have laid aside for the farmers of Minne- sota and the other states marketing there approximately $40,000. So much, then, for the business and the financial conditions. Now, then, how about the organization, and what benefits should the farmer derive? You save a little commission, a thousand or twelve hun- dred dollars a. week. That is a little something. In my opinion, the greatest benefit that the farmer can develop out of these terminal mar- kets, and I hope to see it within another year, is most of the large ter- minals organized with co-operative marketing associations of which the biggest feature is the stocker and feeder department. Sure, the old line fellows went around the country; they had their men out in the country, and they told the farmers that these farmers down there were weighing cattle to themselves; they didn't know where these cattle were going to, but they were weighing cattle to themselves. Of course, in some men's minds, not understanding hcrw the thing works, there was confusion, and they said, "Well, by gosh, that's funny!" Wouldn't you rather have a stocker and feeder department established at Chicago to handle your stocker and feeder cattle than to support 200 speculating firms? I would! Wouldn't you? If you were a farmer out in the country and you could develop in Chicago a bunch of salesmen in your stocker and feeder department of reliable, honest men, that were absolutely checked up on, were working for a salary and not for every dollar that they could pull out of your pocket, wouldn't you? I don't know of a harder thing for a man who wants to buy stocker and feeder cattle than to walk down the alleys and have 200 people tackle you and not know what kind of stuff would be pawned off onto you. I don't say all speculators are like that, but all speculators have got to live, and who is supporting them? I want to say that we can handle at South St. Paul all of the stockers and feeders at one twenty-fifth the cost that the farmers are now paying 528 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII in maintaining fifty-five speculating firms. The stoclcer and feeder de- partment, then, is a part of the co-operative commission association, in charge of a high class man, and if today you have a heavy run of stockers and feeders at your market, what happens? The market usually dips a little, doesn't it? What does Mr. Speculator do? He slips in and buys a pretty good lot of stuff. The next two or three days the market may improve. Of course, I don't say that it has the last couple of years up until this summer, but over a long period of time it does. He makes his profit all the way from nothing up to $1.50 a hundred, perhaps. Your stocker and feeder department is working for you farmers, and just as an example, suppose the stocker and feeder man buys some steers, he is going to try and play about even when he is going to sell them. He may be able to pay you farmers 10 cents a hundred more than the mar- ket demands that day. Those cattle are kept or may be sold that day, but probably kept and shaped up and sold to the farmer for as near cost as you can figure. Now, our stocker and feeder department today owes us, perhaps, around $1,000 — just lost a little bit, but it is a very easy thing to try and keep it playing about even, and in that way there is a great economy through a long period of time to have that stocker and feeder department established, and I think you will find it is going to be the big factor in the co-operative marketing plan. I want to say a word about one or two other problems. You know, up Jhere we get not very many hogs compared to Chicago, although I know we have been running second or third. Some days we have as many as 35 or 38 per cent of the hogs in our own alleys. We have sold as many as 7,200 hogs in one day. Somebody says, "I don't see how you can handle them; too many hogs for one salesman to sell." Gentlemen, I am hoping for the day when at South St. Paul the Central Shipping Co- cperative Association will have in their alleys 75 to 85 per cent of the hogs. Nobody under God's sun can tell me that this morning thirty-five hog salesmen at South St. Paul can sell 14,000 hogs to as good an advan- tage as one saleman. Do you suppose that those thirty-five hog sales- men, all tagging after Swift and Armour buyers, and one or two outside buyers, can hold up the market as well as if the Central salesman should stand there and say, "Come to me to buy your hogs"? I say that on all these markets, if the time comes when the farmers can have the hogs in their own hands on the nine large markets, that they will be able to negotiate a whole lot better with your national organization than they are today. Now, just a word or two. Some people say that I am sometimes a little extreme. In my earlier years I was in the live stock business with my father and then worked for the agricultural college at St. Paul, and through those associations I assumed that a fellow would never be mo- lested, and assumed that every man that you would come into competition with would use good, clean business tactics; and I never assumed that the same opposition, the same schoolboy tactics, could be put into effect as I met since August 8 on the South St. Paul market. (Laughter.) So I sup- pose it makes a fellow just express himself rather forcibly sometimes. We started in — or, in fact, we hired a sheep salesman on his own request, but PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 529 he was selling sheep, he and his brother, for sixteen other firms; I said, all right, we will handle them on the same basis. On the Saturday before we started up on Monday, I saw a notice in the local paper that he had never negotiated with me because the other firms said, "If you sell for the Central, you can not sell for us." I had to get another sheep salesman. Two of our alley boys came to me and said, "We can not work for you, because the other fellows say if we go to work for you — and you won't last long — we can never get a job with them again, and we can't go to work for you." On Monday morning, when we were ready to operate, every single scalper, trader, commission man, outside buyers, little Jew cow buyer, and everybody that ever bought a hoof of live stock, outside of the packer buyers, wouldn't look over our alley fences. And if it hadn't been for the support of the farmers, we would have had a real problem. If the farmers had sent us in only five or eight cars of live stock instead of seventy-one for the first week, we would have had a real problem. What do you suppose we would have done with that dozen dairy cows that would have come in? What would we have done with a half dozen or ten steers of one class, with a dozen other classes on our hands? We couldn't make up a carload lot to send to the feeders. We sorted this stuff and dealt with a steer buyer from Iowa; we had four or five from Illinois, two dairy cow buyers from Wisconsin, and they were on the job to buy our stuff. We could sell them a carload at a time, and we moved them off at fair values, and from that day on we have had more country buyers — I think I am safe in saying this — than any ten firms in the South St. Paul market, and most of the days, I believe, as well as all of them put together. Why? Because we can sell the live stock. I mentioned the stocker and feeder department. Now, don't think that all of our cattle go from the commis- sion association into the stocker and feeder department, because every hoof that we can sell direct from the farmer shipper to the farmer buyer is sold that way, but only the live stock where the local shipping associa- tion wants its returns at once and won't wait until we sell that stuff, is passed through the stocker and feeder department, and this word has gone to the country and you buyers in Iowa, and the buyers in Illinois and in Indiana, are continuing to come to us for business. I have a lot more to tell you of the experiences we have gone through, but I am not going to detain you any longer about this problem. The South St. Paul Farmers' Commission Association is here to stay; it is here to grow, and I predict that before long, not a month, probably, or two months, but within a year, 50 per cent of the business at South St. Paul will be going through the Central Commission Association, because our farmers are co-operators; because they have faith in their own organi- zation ability, their own business ability, and I want to see every Corn Belt Meat producer, every true live stock producer in this state, put his shoulder to the wheel in the development of a co-operative marketing asso- ciation at Chicago, and I want to tell you gentlemen that the thing is going to succeed bigger than most of you can conceive of. All we need is good, true co-operative effort. (Applause.) 34 530 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII The President : I take it that some of the men here have some questions that they might want to ask, and we will spend about five minutes, if that is the case. Q. I would like to ask a question, Mr. McKerrow. Supposing an Iowa or Illinois feeder sends an order to you for a certain type or class of feeder cattle. In your feeder department you don't have the goods to fill the order, are you able to, or do you ever attempt to go out into the yards and fill the order from the regular commission companies? A. I guess most of you heard the question. The gentleman asks, are we able to go out and buy cattle from other people? We bought a few head from one firm that belonged to the exchange, and I understand that he was — when we used to go to school, if we did something naughty, we had to stand up by the desk, and this firm was expelled for a week before they could again operate on the market. (Laughter.) The thing that irritates me is that this group of thirty-three firms are attempting to control or say how 60,000 farmers are going to have their business done. If they can get away with a thing of that sort, I say that it has come to a pretty pass. The President : Mr. McKerrow, I would like to ask you — it may be that you are not in a position to answer this question: On the basis of your November receipts, what would be about your pro rata — that is, in percentages of commissions per car? Mr. McKerrow: Our November business — we did business for approximately $8 per car, while the average old line charge is, I think, between $19 and $20 per car. Of course, we did a big volume of business in November, but I do believe there is no question but what we can do business for, easily, $8 a car for the year — I feel that way now. Q. How many cattle salesmen have you got up there, Mr. Mc- Kerrow ? A. We have now five cattle salesmen. We started out with three. We started out with twenty people, and we now have thirty-two in the organization. O. How much money have you in the bank now? A. Twenty-six thousand dollars. We have another thousand dollars to put in this week, and you can count that if you want to. Q. That has all been earned by the company since you started in business? A. Yes. Now you sometimes hear farmers say that these co- PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 531 operative organizations cost so much money. We have collected from our farmers about $15,000, and we have ahead of the boards about $27,000, so that we have just about doubled what they have paid in, and are nothing out today at all. Q. Do you give your men who are bidding on stockers and feeders preference over the scalpers? And I might add to that it is not true in Omaha. I have been in Omaha twice within the last three weeks and I have been unable to buy thru the co-operative society without first having the scalpers cut in with a 2 per cent premium on them, and I want to say that before this body of people. The President : Is that true of the co-operative association there ? A. Yes, sir; I tried to buy them from the co-operatives and I had to pay 15 cents a hundred premium to the scalpers. The President : I am surprised to learn that. Mr. McKerrow : Here is what I understand that the South St. Paul people, and I won't say it is an Exchange action, but they have, 1 understand, had an agreement with each other whereby the commission men said, "You can not operate with the Central," and the other fellows have said, "You can not sell to the country buy- er," and the result now is that everything is passed thru to the scalpers before it goes to the country. But that is a situation, if it be true, if you farmers of Iowa and Illinois and every state oper- ate in your central and co-operative or terminal marketing agency the way you should, you will not let that sort of thing creep in and continue, will you? I would be surprised at the integrity and intelligence of the farmers if they would let that condition arise and continue; so if it may be true in one case, gentlemen, we are not going to let that condition exist on these large markets for any length of time. We can not do it ! Q. Do you have any split shipments with the other firms? A. Yes, many of them. We have got a lot of farmers that are doubting Thomases, you know, but I want to say this, we have no discrimination from the packers, no discrimination from the stock yards company. No firm on the market has a better lot of sales- men than we have, so why should any farmer put in split shipments and doubt the ability of his own organization? But they do it, and they will probably continue to do it. I don't expect ever to get 100 per cent at South St. Paul. Q. Do you take care of feed cost? A. Absolutely. 532 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII Q. You have your full share of the order buyers' business? A. I think I am safe in saying that we probably get more hog orders — I think we get about one-third to one-half of all of the order buying on the market. That came with the class of sales- men that we have, Q. You have some competitive men there — speculators? There is a good deal of your stuff that comes to St. Paul that is forwarded to other markets. Can you sell to those people? A. On other markets? Q. Yes. A. To the fellows that ship out? Q. Yes. A. I want to say this, that we decided when we started that we could just as well ship our stuff to other markets as to some guy that buys and ships them himself. We ship some cattle, now and then, to Chicago, but we can just as well ship those cattle to other markets as other fellows. The little commission firm can not ship stuff itself, it can not shape up a load of any one kind to ship, but we are getting from 150 and up carloads of live, stock a day, and we can fit up a carload of bulls, for instance. \\t can fit up a farmer feeder with 750-pound medium class steers, because we have got the volume. We can fit up a carload of feeder pigs, because we have got the volume. It is just as I said before, we have on many days got from 4,000 to 7,000 head of hogs a day. Q. Your volume of trade is very well distributed over the six days of the week, or how? A. That is a question of orderly marketing. I think that the farmers can regulate the market when they get well organized. We don't yet get a uniform flow. We are now negotiating with the railroads to change the special stock trains thru our association, to get a more uniform flow thruout the week. Q. I would like to ask one more question : Thru operations with the buyers of Swift and Armour, what time of the day do they come around to buy? A. I think if you will come up there tomorrow morning, you will find Swift's calf buyer in our alleys the very first, because we save 600, 700 or 800 calves. I think you will see that their she- stuff buyer is first in our alleys. Their steer buyer usually comes in not later than nine o'clock or earlier than eight o'clock. Q. I have been bidding on that market for about twenty years PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 533 and I have found that among those commission men there is an advantage in getting the early buyer. The President: This is an interesting question, but we will have to close our discussion at this time and proceed w^ith our pro- gram. I think we all appreciate the remarks of Mr. McKerrow in regard to this co-operative marketing business, which is some- thing that we should give careful consideration to. The next number on the program is an address by Prof. E. G. Nourse, of Ames, on "The Economic Outlook." I am sure we are all interested in the economic outlook, and I don't know of any- body that is better qualified to give this to us than Prof. Nourse. (Applause.) So that at this time I take pleasure in introducing Prof. Nourse. THE ECONOMIC OUTLOOK by E. G. Nourse. Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen: It is said that variety is the spice of life— each speech is a little different. Your president started with a manu- script; the next man spoke without manuscript, hut referred occasionally to notes; the next speaker came with a sheaf of papers in his hand and referred to none of them, and I come on with a little picture. (Laughter.) I am not going to say very much about it, because I know you are getting tired now. I don't know that there is much use of drawing a picture of this kind, because that is a picture representing what has been happening to us, and we all know what has happened to us. And yet there are some things which, perhaps, will be brought out in this manner a little more clearly than you may have seen them presented without the use of figures, which are now becoming available. We hear a good many comments on the fact that the farmer's very sad economic outlook at the present time is because of the maladjustment of his industry with other industries. We think and feel — and this chart bears it out — that prior to the war our agricultural industry was pretty well adjusted to other industries, so that while prices may go up a little bit in one year or down in another, that differences of a few per cent were not such as to spill the beans, so far as the farmer was concerned, and that is the position that obtained here in 1910-11-12-13. We have four lines — the upper one representing the price of the ten prin- cipal crops; the lower line here representing the prices of the principal classes of live stock. You see that they move in somewhat the same way, from that start going down and coming up again, and then converging, live stock prices going up and crop prices coming down in 1913, and that is taken as the base year, or 100 per cent. That is the base year, being the year before the war broke out. Thii3 yellow line here represents the general commodity price index number, omitting farm crops and food products. Now, if you take a percentage and ratio of those things to one another, the ratio between the farmers' products and those other products, 534 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII you get this black line running along here with very slight deviation from a general base line of 100. In other words, everything went down a little bit last year, and this black line follows the same trend. Now, here comes the worry and the fireworks: this green line which goes sailing up here and down again, as we all know, and that is the crop price line. This red line going up not so high, coming down sooner and coming down some- what farther, is the live stock. Now here our yellow line does the thing which we have heard about so often, it lagged both coming and going. That is to say, your price of crops moved up here quite rapidly; your price of commodities, as we know, being high at the beginning of the war, declined for a time, and afterward picked up, but for several years, clear over to here, to the end of the war, tended to lag somewhat behind the advance of farm crop prices, but tended to be a little bit ahead of the animal prices. If you take the ratio between those two, you will see that the farmer did, as the statement is often made, get a little bit the jump on the thing at the start — his condition was actually improved to a con- siderable extent in the first year of the war; that is to say, he was a little ahead and the other interests were lagging behind. The next year he was better than he was in 1913, but they were gaining on him, and then the commodity price shoots up very, very rapidly. The forced orders from Europe and that sort of thing were responsible for that. The condition of the farmer declines, not only with respect to what benefit he had been getting those two years, but wipes out all of that improvement in his condition and considerably more, and in the year 1916 he is actually worse off than he was at the opening of the war and the average of the prewar years. We entered the war in 1917, and it was jazzing up somewhat, and we started through the cycle with more steam, farm prices shooting up very rapidly and live stock shooting up at not quite the same rate, and com- modity prices at about the same rate as our live stock. What happens? Again the big jump in farm crop prices, which gave the farmer a little bit of the first advantage, and he comes above the line about 108 per cent as compared with prewar years, and just about catches up what he lost previously, and then commodity prices start going up here while farm crops and live stock prices both slow down, even more than this indi- cates, because the man who drew this chart is no friend of mine, and he has made it look more favorable to the farmer than the facts warrant — so they are about four points higher than they should be, and the advan- tage gained in the preceding two years is just about half wiped out. Then we hit the toboggan in 1918, and that toboggan has let us down so rapidly that we are just about here at the present time. Now, as a mat- ter of fact, those figures for 1921 are not complete for this year; they are figures for only eight months of this year, and whether the figures will be higher or lower we will have to see along in January at the time the figures become available. Now, as to the farmer's situation at the present time — he is feeling the effects of conditions that are just behind him; he is feeling that ad- vance of commodity prices because of the rapid decline of his own crop and live stock prices, and that is true notwithstanding the fact that we PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 535 know in a general way commodity prices have begun to fall. In fact, they have fallen to a considerable extent, but falling from a higher spot, and falling at not as great speed as farm product prices, his relative condition is even in this year still worse than it was last year or any other year of the whole series. Again, the young man who drew this chart slipped up a little bit, for commodity prices have not come down as far as he represents them to have fallen; they have come down to 156 per cent rather than down to 183 per cent, as he has plotted there. Now, I think that the present moment is one when the discussion of the economic outlook is particularly in order — it is an interpretation, and our question is, "If those are the facts, what do they mean?" The state- ment is frequently made that while our prices have been hit — some of them were hit even as far as the second year past — that now these other prices are being hit, and it is being said as the saying frequently runs, we have turned the corner. The present chart hardly shows that we have turned the corner. Possibly somewhere in here during this year we did turn the corner and conditions will tend to pick up — farm prices will improve somewhat, whereas commodity prices will suffer or enjoy still further liquidation. Possibly there will be some turn-up, and next year some expect this line to run horizontal or perhaps on the up-slope. I think there can be no question we have touched bottom and that we have got to the corner — we are at the corner rather than that we are around the corner; or the question may be put this way, "If we are around the corner, what is on the other side?" I must confess that I can not come to you as a prophet of any very great amount of optimism. I would certainly not want to, and wouldn't dare, come to you as a prophet of pessimism. It seems to me, however, that any one who attempts to talk on such a subject at the present time should be very much the spokesman for caution. There could be no more serious mistake than to accept easily the doctrine that we are around the corner, or, having hit the low point, we are going to bounce up with anything like the resiliency that is characterized by the war period, or go up with anything like the speed that we have gone down, and I noticed that tendency recently. Some one sold some land in Iowa for $255 an acre the other day, and the statement said this meant the restoration of land prices, the revival of land values. I don't believe that is a proper interpretation to make from it; or we may be inclined to say that crop prospects next year, along in the spring, as we begin to get monthly crop reports indicating a lower yield, and hence we will imme- diately place upon those conditions an interpretation of restored prices. I think there is nothing that could impair the rehabilitation of our agri- culture and the economic stability of our country as a whole more than to mistake those slight indications of improvement for something which is of greater magnitude than we may reasonably expect. In fact, I think that it could be shown that already that tendency has been too great; that in the first place the doctrine of a permanently higher price level was kept before the people, and that that prevented our facing the issues as they did exist in 1919-20, and still continue to exist in 1921. We are, perhaps, impressed just now with the improvement of conditions abroad. 536 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII with the improvement of foreign exchange for a day or two. Those things may be summed up, as the old saying goes, one swallow doesn't make the summer. The fundamental condition we have to bear in mind is that the great center of civilization upon which our whole economic life depended still is bankrupt, and that the prospect of facing that situa- tion has not been actually met up to the present time. The statement has been made here today, and it has been made at every meeting of farmers, that conditions can not improve until the purchasing power of the farmer is so improved as to enable him to dispose of his stocks at a price greater than at the present time. Argue that thing around, and you come back to the situation of the economic life of Europe at the present time, and the outstanding thought of it is that they have not up to the present time balanced their budgets; they have been living beyond their means since the end of the war period, they have been get- ting worse rather than better, so far as their possibility of buying goods from America at remunerative prices is concerned. Just now, I think one of the outstanding things amongst people discussing this question is to point to the large volume of goods that is going abroad, but going abroad at what sort of prices. In other words, if you cut your price down low enough, you can sell in quantities, and that is exactly the point, that the farmer has had to mark his stuff down to a price so low, and he has accepted those prices simply because he was in a position of dis- tress, that the figure of increased volume of exports has precious little in it that is encouraging, so far as he can see it. In other words, what may we expect this dark line to do? If we can expect it to stop its de- cline, not by an immediate advance of considerable magnitude in farm prices, but let us hope by slight advances, offset by considerable decline in the commodity prices, we may see the farm population holding their own next year, or at least getting a firm footing on this slippery hill that they have been sliding down. Further than that, I think it would be extremely unwise to count upon additional improvement. To make pur- chases .or to incur obligations on the basis of any greater improvement than that is, in my judgment, extremely unwise. I have noticed the remark passed from time to time that agriculture is the only industry which has really liquidated, and that it has entirely liquidated. I think some exception should be taken even to a remark such as that, as much as we have tried to believe it. So far as the matter of corn is concerned, the price is deflated, but the stocks are not liqui- dated. There is still an unprecedented volume held over on the market from previous years, and there are some other things which have not been liquidated. One of them is, and I suppose it is unfortunate and unpleasant to mention it, but one of them is land prices. We know that to a considerable extent our land prices were marked up during the war. Now, have they been liquidated? The question there is, are they going to be able to be turned, in the years following, during which a consider- able share of them have got to be passed from hand to hand, are they going to be turned at approximately the values to which they were marked during that war period? What do we mean by liquidation? Cer- tainly we do not mean that those lands have been resold on a supply-and- PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 537 demand market at prices that they would command in the market at the present time. It would be nothing short of disaster if that were done. But we have this condition still — a considerable number of persons who obligated themselves for the purchase of land at high values; and that did two things, it registered that value and committed them to that scale of investment until they are repriced in a new sale, or until those lands are beginning to pay out on that basis of valuation, and until that is done we can not say that the agricultural industry has been liquidated. I might add to that a question of whether we are psychologically liqui- dated. If we still think that land prices, after a short period of inaction, are going to advance with the same rapidity that they did during the war period, and to the same extent in the period before the war, I would say that psychologically we are not liquidated. If we expect that prices, now that they seem to have hit the bottom, prices not individually but probably on the average, that they are going to show a marked improve- ment, and that our woes are going to be solved from that direction, then I would say that we are not liquidated. I think we have got to face a period of several years of a long, steady, hard pull around that corner; that we are perhaps rounding it as we pass from 1921 to 1922. I think we have had some good counsel with reference to that today — with refer- ence to the manner in which the agricultural industry of this state, which is a long way from being solvent, is going to work out its own salvation, and when I say that I don't mean that it will work itself back from de- struction, but work itself back to a good position of prosperity, at the same time maintaining the standards of living that we have set up for corn belt agriculture. There are in that connection, I think, three points which might be well observed, three general lines of activity by which the agriculture of this state may reasonably expect to work out such a salvation. I don't know what order one should put them in. In the shippers' convention, I sup- pose that the question of marketing and particularly cooperative organi- zation should be put first. Over here at the bankers' convention the other day the question of finance was put first. Along in January, when the Farm Bureau Federation meets, I suppose the federated forms of agricultural organization will be put first. You can put them in any order you like, but those are the three things which, it seems to me, may well be thought of as the fundamentals in this brightening economic out- look for agriculture. We have established during this period an organized movement and an organized feeling among the farmers which, I think, is going to be a per- manent asset to our agriculture in the future — the sane, substantial sort of activities which have characterized the farmers' associations of this state during the war; their unwillingness to embark in wildcat schemes for improvement; their ability to work with other interests, with com- mercial organizations. When I say "commercial organizations," I mean in the main cooperative organizations for the marketing of farm prod- ucts. And with financial organizations. In their legislative program they have led the van for our warehouse bill, and various others; led the van for better conditions which now may be worked out, not that have 538 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII come in a hurry, but which may be worked out in the following years. In addition to that we have gone a long ways in the direction of the movement which Mr. Sykes spoke of this morning, of having the farmer as the agricultural industry represented in places where public or quasi- public measures are being framed which have so large an effect upon the economic life of the country as a whole. We heard at Ames a few days ago a stirring address by Senator Kenyon, in which he told us of the work that had been done in our national legislature at Washington to represent sanely but very determinedly the needs of the industry which is the chief industry of all this country out here. I am very much distressed since that time to see so open a declaration of hostility to that agricultural group. It seems to me that we have in a sense come into our own and that, in coming into our own, we should make no apolo- gies for representing this great industry, but should only see to it that the opinions which are expressed back in this country, the views, the measures we insist upon, shall be sane and so sound that after being pushed through to recognition by agencies of that sort, that the sane and thinking people of this country will endorse them. I am very much encouraged in that connection to think back to those conferences we had a year ago when some people came out from Chicago and told us what we should do and how unsound and how radical we were in saying that we thought our judgment was, perhaps, just as good as theirs, in saying that those were not the things that should be done. Now, in the twelve months since that, how many of the men, strong men, men who stand well in those sections, have come out and admitted that the judg- ment of this western section was sound, and that the proposals that they made were not radical, and even now many of them saying they are will- ing to join with us in making a systematic procedure for the strengthen- ing of our industrial possibilities. Now, the second point that I want to make in that connection is this matter of finance that is before us. We had a conference over here at the Hotel Fort Des Moines the other day, and I see the faces of a good many people who were there and of a number who were not there, and it seems that the purpose of that conference, if it was a purpose similar to the one last year, has not been met in anything like the measure that it was met last year. If I sense the consensus of the people last year who went home from the farmer-banker conferences, it seemed to be that they had an outlook where some definite results might be accom- plished; but the people who went home from the conference the other day were just a little bit more muddled than they were before that con- ference was held. In connection with the economic outlook, which is supposed to be my subject, there are two points that it seems to me should be stressed. The outgrowth of those meetings last year was an ideal that established financial institutions in this state are now sufficiently strong so that they could, by introducing some additional agencies, serve the needs of a state like this, and they wanted to do it, and that a progressive section within that banking fraternity came out to take that sort of a stand. Now what has happened since that? You know perfectly well. Through the joining PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 539 of farmers' organizations, the general movement that I was speaking of a moment ago, with the banking interests, a law was to go on our statute books, an enabling act, providing that we could add to the financial ma- chinery that we have been able to build up in this western country slowly since the '70's, more rapidly since the end of the '90's, since about 1900, that we could coalesce that and bring it to a head in one agency which would serve this agricultural industry in the same way that other indus- tries are being served, A case in point: What was the trouble, so far as the financing was concerned, in the agricultural industry? Commercial banks were gummed up, were flooded and congested with the short-time loans of farmers, trying to cushion the fall as much as possible, trying to carry on their operations, working like the mischief in the meantime and paying off as they could. That was the situation here. What was the situation in industry, particularly the latter period as they have been traveling that hard road downward? A similar situation. Commercial banks have been gummed up to a considerable extent, but these other in- dustries in considerable measure are made up of strong corporations or organizations of one sort and another that are in a position to fund those short-time obligations, particularly since our investment market has some- what improved, and they have funded into longer-time obligation notes and bonds of shorter maturities or even longer maturities. They have said, "This is an extraordinary situation and comes only once in a lifetime or once in many lifetimes, and these obligations come in unusual proportion, so they should be spread out and not try to dispose of them all at the present time." And this was the situation, that the banks which had grown up so splendidly in a short period of time, could not meet — a crisis of this sort. I think that the leaders of the farmers' organizations in this state who have received this service agency, with the assistance of our banking in- stitutions, to fund those obligations for longer maturities and pass them out into a wider market, have performed a signal service to agriculture. I have no hesitancy in saying that from such study as I have given to this question of banking and its allied problems, that I think that measure which was passed by the legislature last winter marks a real milestone in the afiiliation of decentralized finance for the states in this great western country. And now the War Finance Corporation has come along to assist and extend that sort of help, before the state corporation can get into ac- tion, and perhaps in addition to what they could be expected to do at the present time. And I say if the banking interests of this country followed by the local banking interests fail to perform their function in that system, of its two or three parts, then the financial difficulties of our farmers are not going to be met; so whether it is the Iowa Farm Credit Corporation or whether it is the War Finance Corporation, the point that that comes down to is just as we said a year ago last fall, that personal conference between Mr. Individual Farmer and Mr. Individual Banker, if the banker looks upon these arrangements which have been made as a means of saving his bacon and preventing him any further worry, then the problem of the farmer is not solved. If, on the other hand, perhaps having been somewhat over-optimistic during the war period, if Mr. Farmer thinks it is about time for another speculative advance, if he over-estimates the brightness 540 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII of our economic outlook now, he will make these very agencies a harm instead of a service to his constituents. If he finds a man who has loaded up during the war period and has hated to let it go, if he encourages him to hold on and strings him along, kids him about the return of higher prices, and that sort of thing, he is not really serving as a credit agency, because one thing which is placed upon that man who assumes the re- sponsibility of being adviser there, or determining when credit shall be extended and when credit shall not be extended, is the duty that his judg- ment shall be sound and good, not only as to the moral character of that man, not only as to the local conditions in that community, but he is bound to give that service on a professional basis and advise when to let go as well as when to hang on. For instance, take an extreme case of a banker who extended credit for the benefit of the farmer in saving his $3 wheat — he was actually doing harm rather than doing him a service; so that it seems to me that the farmer can at the present time challenge the banking system of this state to render that sort of service in the local com- munity, and when or if it seems that the needs which reasonably should be met within that local community exceed the amount which the bank can borrow through its correspondents through the Federal Reserve Sys- tem, that it should take full advantage, first, of the War Finance Corpora- tion, which is in operation at the present time, and, second, should affiliate with this state agency which aims simply to crown the development of local banking in this state with an agency which will for the first time in any state put on a permanent basis the sort of longer-time credit service which the agricultural industry needs. We know that enough money will be made available through the War Finance Corporation, so that in the main I think we can say if we will only take advantage of it, it supplies the means of improving that second great situation in connection with our economic outlook. Then the third one — I don't know that it is necessary to say so much about the third one, because of what Mr. McKerrow has said here has illustrated in a particular case all that might be said in a more general way. Possibly I might urge caution upon each one of those heads that I have taken up. I cannot speak quite so broadly as some people do about salvation by marketing agencies. You noticed a year ago when we had committees with all of their old numbers attached to them there was a good deal of talk when those committees had made their reports that what had happened at the end of the war would be prevented from ever happen- ing again? I don't think this is a job for any marketing agency to per- form, any more than I think that any sort of credit agency could prevent any friction or difficulty in periods of that sort. The world was ruined by a catastrophe such as we trust, after those agencies which are in opera- tion in the Arms Conference, and what will follow, have come to a head, will never happen again, but if it does I will venture to say that no sort of marketing arrangements, that no sort of co-operative agencies, could pre- vent a considerable amount of the decline, the disastrous decline, which took place at that time. It was something which had reference not to the cost of marketing, but to the whole supply-and-demand situation which ran back to the conditions of production and consumption over the whole PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 541 world. But after saying those things which I think co-operative agencies or any other immediate connected agencies cannot do, I still would come out with as strong a declaration as I could of the things which can be ac- complished through just that sort of activity. I think we may well stress this particular point, because this is a joint conference not merely of pro- ducers of the Corn Belt Meat Producers' Association, but of the men who ship the millions of dollars and even the hundreds of millions of dollars' worth of live stock out of this corn belt territory into these eight or nine markets by which we are surrounded, and you are going to consider in the course of this convention that very problem of how all that can be accomplished for the bettering of conditions through the improving of marketing conditions, which is in process of working itself out. Now, we have gone during the past — it is hard to say just how many years, but most of it has been during the last four or five years — we have gone through several of the first steps of establishing such agencies. We are now — although that also dates back several years — going through the second step. The first was to establish shipping agencies in the country; the second is to establish selling agencies in the central markets. Frank- ly, I think it will be quite a number of years before we do a great deal in accomplishing the third, and, as we are inclined to put it, the larger pur- pose of dovetailing the operations of this to the burdens of the other in such a way that we actually stabilize the markets, but if we are ever going to take any step in the direction of stabilizing the markets, it is only be- cause we have got into good working order these other selling agencies through which the producer makes contact with the consumer at the cen- tral market, and back of that we have established also on the highest level of operating efliciency the agencies by which the scattered producers of carloads and less than carloads assemble them at the country shipping points, choose the different markets to which they wish to ship and handle the detail of shipment, and are there to respond either on their own mo- tion or that of the selling agencies to such instructions or recommenda- tions as may be made with reference to equalizing shipments between markets or between different times, and all of the rest that constitutes that stabilizing process. Now, the work of the co-operative associations in this state has made wonderful progress during this last year. It was a year ago the 11th of December, if I recall it, that they met up at Ames, and they hardly ex- isted— there were only about forty men there, the association was scarcely known. I am not going to try to make any of the speeches that we hope will be made at the meeting of that association tomorrow, but they have made remarkable progress during this year, they have got on their feet, they show every indication of being by the end of another year on a self- supporting basis, and they are working out, and I think there is no im- propriety in saying that we are trying at the agricultural college to assist them in working out some of the most difficult problems that they have. When we think that over 300 associations have been started up in one year — over 700 of them now picking up such managers as they can get, with a small volume at every station, they have had a tremendous prob- lem to get that on an efficient operating basis. We make no apology for 542 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII our desire to serve in that connection. We do not think we are spending the money of all the state to benefit a certain class, when particular people are doing particular things, and you can bet your boots that we are going to give them all of the assistance we can, and nothing makes me feel bet- ter than for the co-operative shippers to say that we have been rendering them some real service in that connection. There is one point I want to make to this gathering growing out of our experience there. I think I can state the nub of our experience in a very brief way. With relatively few exceptions it is our belief that you cannot have a really good, efficient local association unless that association is connected with some larger, more comprehensive, if you please, overhead type of organization. There are so many problems, the whole purpose of the co-operative shipping movement, the entire co-operative movement, is to start a process of improvement in the method of handling that busi- ness; the standardization or improvement of quality, and in time the equalization of shipments. That is what has made the success of all the organizations which have made conspicuous success in the marketing game. The local association, we have found pretty definitely, in most cases moves in the opposite direction, if it is left to its own unguided course, but welding those things into a strong regional organization, it is possible to work out in the handling and assembling of that shipping work a degree of standardization and economy, a limiting of unnecessary jobs, a greater economy in the handling of finance and insurance, a reduction in risks, and all of the general functions which are performed by central associations in their duties, can be worked out and are in process of work- ing out today with this relatively young state association; but if the farmer, as we said a moment ago, is going to accomplish anything, it is by having a strong representation in Washington that speaks for the farmers as a group. It is going to give adequate financial service, and wants not merely that efficient service at the local bank, but that over- head organization which takes the surplus longer-time obligations of the different banks and funds them and lends them outside of the state based on Iowa agricultural security, and we propose to show that nothing can be better secured than that. If you are going in to accomplish the considerable things, not the miracles which may be accomplished through the large-scale marketing under co-operative auspices, the very same thing applies and you have got to operate the live stock industry as one unit in the state of Iowa, or as one unit in the state of Minnesota, as Mr. McKerrow said. I wish I could have the reporter turn back and read again Mr. McKerrow's remarks about how the unified support of any agency is absolutely essential if it is going to render service. And so it seems to me, gentlemen, that is the message, if I could bring you any message today, that I would sum up. I think we have scraped the bottom. The figures show that the readjustment, not as rap- idly as we would like, very slowly in some of our principal products, yet is coming; that the outlook for the future is that the farmer is getting to the point where he can hold his own; that beyond that there is every reason for one who studies carefully to believe that the worst is over and PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 543 that conditions will improve, but absolutely that we must not become over- optimistic or impatient at the rate at which that moves, and if we are going to take our place in the reconstruction move and not get ahead of ourselves and precipitate new difficulties, we have got to do it through this representation of agriculture as an industry, whether through the agrarian bloc at Washington or in the state organizations here, that we have got to have bankers who will pass on the possible services of the War Finance Corporation to us, and in time pass that work on to the permanent agency which is in process of being established in this state, and that we must get back as a unit of these commodity organizations in the state of Iowa. I thank you. (Applause.) The President : Gentlemen of the convention, I have been re- quested to name a special committee here to consider a matter that is just a little outside of our general program, and I have agreed to do so, and at this time I am going to announce that committee, and then we have another number on our program that does not appear on the printed program which we are to listen to. This special committee consists of J. F. Eisele, Malcom ; Fletcher Mc- Cormick, Montezuma ; Otto Schugg, Ida Grove ; Thomas McGivern, Marengo; Emil Federson, Des Moines; J. B. James, Blakesburg; Charles Mitchell, Chariton. This committee is to consult with W. C. O. Marker. Now, further, we have a gentleman with us this afternoon whom we did not receive word of the possibility of his being with us until after the program had gone to the printer, on account of him be- ing connected with the Department of Agriculture at this time, and of course there is a great deal of red tape to be gone thru with in getting those acceptances, and so he doesn't appear on the pro- gram ; but at this time we are going to listen to Mr. C. L. Harlan, who was the statistician for the Corn Belt Meat Producers' Asso- ciation at the Chicago yards and who is now in the employ of the Department of Agriculture in the Bureau of Markets. Mr. Har- lan. (Applause.) DEFECTS IN THE PREVAILING SYSTEM OF MARKET DISTRIBUTION By C. L. Harlan. Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of the Convention: Mr. Sykes and Mr. Wallace, of this Corn Belt Meat Producers' Association, wanted me to come out and say a few words with regard to the problem of better mar- ket distribution of live stock, or as we have generally called it, more orderly marketing of live stock. I think we can agree with what Mr. McKerrow said this morning, that the great benefit from co-operative marketing organizations, so far as live stock is concerned, is not going to be in the saving of commissions that 544 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII may result from such an organization. Of course, at this time, with the reduced prices of live stock, any little saving along the line that can be effected is very welcome, but if such organization is going to accomplish the greatest thing that it can accomplish it will be along the line of bring- ing about a better market distribution of live stock, and I want to consider several phases of this problem of better market distribution. Perhaps the greatest weakness in the present situation in live stock marketing is that marketing takes place in almost complete ignorance of the supplies to be marketed. None of the factors in the industry, pro- ducers, railroads, market agencies or slaughterers have any adequate knowledge of supplies to come either in the immediate or more distant future. The only guide to probable numbers is the amount of the imme- diately past receipts and the receipts during similar periods in other years. Admittedly the securing of such information in an industry of such mag- nitude drawing its supplies from so widely extended and dissimilar sources would be most difficult. But in the lack of such information the whole in- dustry works more or less in the dark and long view plans of handling either the animals or their products cannot be made. The risk element is thus made larger, but, unfortunately for the producer, the other interests either do not share in this risk or are able to shift it back upon him. If production is too large or is poorly distributed and prices decline the effects of this decline are borne almost entirely by the producer for his profits, alone, depend primarily upon price. Another grave fault of present methods of distribution is that no organ- ized attempt is made to accommodate supplies of live stock to consumptive demand for meats. Animals are sent to market, are slaughtered and the products are pushed into consumptive channels, and consumption is forced to follow slaughter, especially with perishable products that make up a large part of the whole. The controlling element in all the associated activities is the loading at country points and the resulting arrival of stock at the market. The railroads, stock yards companies, selling agencies and slaughterers must carry on their operations according to this volume. And as this is a changing one both as to days of the week, weeks of the month and months of the season, each must be equipped to handle a peak of supplies for these different periods which results in a labor and over- head cost unnecessarily high. To the extent that these variations in live stock supplies cannot be smoothed out in distributing the products the prices of these latter must fluctuate to bring about a demand that will absorb the total with a resulting unstable price range. Another defect is that there is no method by which temporarily excess- ive receipts can be checked by concerted efforts of shippers but that this can only be brought about by price reductions. These occasional excess- ive receipts are due, in part, to developing conditions in regions contribut- ing large supplies to seasonable movements which accelerate the normal movement, but in great part to chance in that too many shippers decided to ship on a given day or in a given week. Daily distribution within the week is very faulty and makes efficient handling very difficult. The tendency to make use of Sunday to move stock to market and the prevalence of Saturday as a marketing day re- PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 545 suits in a much too large proportion of the supply coming at the beginning of the week. This is especially true of stock shipped and accompanied by individual producers and to considerable extent with that shipped through shipping associations that have set marketing days. The worst offenders in this respect are cattle shippers. In 1919 for ten leading markets 57.5 per cent of the total weekly receipts of cattle came on Mondays and Tuesdays. To what extent these defects are susceptible of correction or improve is a difficult question. It is possible that they are inherent in the con- ditions under which live stock production necessarily takes place and hence cannot be greatly changed. It may be arguable that the present practice with all its shortcomings has developed as being the best adapted to meet all the confusing conditions involved. But probably the most ardent apologist for things as they are would not go this far. Practically all admit the desirability of securing better knowledge of supplies; also the evil effects of unequal daily distribution and of occasionally dispropor- tionate receipts. It will be generally conceded that less fluctuating prices over short periods would be a benefit. Of the various interests associated with the industry those whose profits are least affected by these condi- tions are the ones most inclined to doubt whether present conditions can be improved. The situation is confused by the too prevalent tendency of different interests to lay the blame on some other. This lack of harmony, and the disinclination to give the whole question disinterested study, have heretofore prevented any whole-hearted attempts at improvements. One thing is certain and that is that if any improvements are made the initiation of any activities leading to them must come from the producers. Equally certain it is that whatever beneficial changes shall be made will only come as a result of trial and experiment and not through any theo- retically evolved plans deemed capable of immediate cure. The central aim of any plan for the orderly marketing of live stock should be to move the seasonable and yearly supplies of the different kinds and classes of animals to market at such times and in such volume that the total net returns to producers as a class should be the highest possible and that this total should be distributed among producers of similar kinds in the most equitable manner. Admittedly this is no small undertaking. It involves a study and understanding of the live stock and meat and by-products industries in all their respects, beginning with thb conditions of animal production and continuing through the marketing, utilization, distribution and ultimate consumption. The commodities to be considered are quite varied in character, are produced under many and dissimilar conditions and at greatly varying costs for each kind and class, are marketed in many diverse ways and have their values determined by a multitude of factors that control the consumptive value of their various products. In view of this situation any attempt to formulate marketing plans to include all sections of the country and calculated to bring the entire move- ment to market within its scope -is an impossibility. The most that can be hoped to include is the movement to the great central markets through which the supplies from the surplus production region go to the centers 35 546 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII of consumption and the movements within this surplus production region itself. And since with live stock as with other agricultural commodities the price at which the surplus can be sold determines the price in large part of the total production, and since price determination is the great element in any marketing undertaking, it follows that any successful solu- tion of the price problem at the surplus markets will solve, in large part at least, the same problem in other regions far removed from these cen- tral markets. The three kinds of live stock, cattle, hogs and sheep, while they now are marketed and no doubt will continue to be marketed through the same marketing machinery, yet the conditions under which they are produced, the products derived from them and the price determining factors are so dissimilar that each must be considered by itself and a separate study made of each. But there are certain general conditions, the greater part of which are found with all three, that can be outlined as giving the ground that must be covered in attempting to draw up plans for the more orderly marketing of all and of each. These general conditions will be considered under the four heads of production, market movement, char- acter of the derived products and consumption. Production. All products before they can be marketed must first be produced, and the conditions under which they are produced and the va- rious factors controlling and influencing their production will play a large role in the manner of their marketing. It is also equally certain that nothing promising can be accomplished in the direction of the orderly marketing of a commodity that is not founded on fairly dependable infor- mation as to the amount of production. Hence production should be studied both as to its character and its amount. The character of live stock production, meaning the industrial, eco- nomic and technical factors that influence and direct and control it, differs as among different kinds and different classes, but all of these find a place in one or more of the following classifications: (a) As an activity in and for itself with other activities subsidiary to it and the enterprise controlled from the accounting point of view in terms of cost per head. As such it may be either a distinct enterprise, get- ting its income from the sale of live stock, or a separate activity in con- junction with other agricultural activities and requiring special skill, equipment and financing. Ranches or farms devoted entirely or mainly to producing one or more kinds of stock, pulp or cake feeding, are ex- amples of the former, and farm feed lot feeding of the latter. (b) As a side line activity in a general farming enterprise. As such it is conducted as part of a mixed farming scheme for the purpose of greater diversity and to utilize by-products of the other activities and to help maintain soil fertility. The production is carried on under a system of joint costs with the other activities and the costs of production and the profit and loss cannot be exactly determined separately. (c) As a by-product of another industry which is controlled by condi- tions within that industry and little influenced by conditions in the live stock industry. As such it contributes to the profits of or to the reduction of costs in that industry. PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 547 (d) As a long or short period activity. In the first case the production of the marketable commodity is a matter of many months or years, and in the second the activity is for a limited period only. (e) As a growing or finishing activity. In the one case it is the produc- tion of the raw material for the others, and in the latter it is the produc- tion of a commodity ready for consumption and with no other market outlet. (f) As an activity in which profit or loss, high or low prices, react quickly to modify volume of production or are only effective over ex- tended periods of time. (g) As an activity the product of which fluctuates in volume consider- ably from month to month and season to season and which may be subject to more or less voluntary control. . If orderly marketing is the movement of the available supply to market in the manner calculated to bring the highest return, then there must be dependable information as to what the available supply is apt to be; which means that there must be such information as to the amount of production. This information should cover at least the following facts: (a) The total numbers, in the country both by states and by regions, the latter based upon conditions of production, kind of animals produced and the market disposition made of them. There is no fixed relation between total numbers and the yearly or seasonable marketings, but such informa- tion does indicate the trend of production in the country as a whole and in important production regions. Especially is such information needed with regard to the great surplus production regions the supply in which largely determines the price situation. (b) The relationship between total numbers and marketings and in- spected slaughter (which is surplus supply slaughter largely) should be de- termined, and it is possible that when the former is secured much more dependably than at present, a fairly close relationship may be found to exist. (c) The relationship between total numbers in different states and regions and the populations of these and the consumptive habits of the populations should be determined as a basis of determining what states and regions should be considered as surplus producers. (d) Wherever the conditions in the industry make it possible to deter- mine fairly accurately the supplies to be marketed during a given period this should be done as a basis for the more orderly movement of those supplies to market. Market movement. Over given periods of time of short duration the only way that producers can affect price is in the distribution — the move- ment to market — of their animals. But the amount of control that can be thus exercised is limited by conditions within and without the industry that are susceptible of only limited change. The movement to market at the present time is the result of — (a) Regular and customary forces influencing and controlling the supply of animals and the demand for meats. Among the most important of these are the necessities of production and habits of consumption. The former may exist either in the industry itself, in the collateral industry of 548 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII whicli it is a part, or in the industry of which it is only a subsidiary. Live stock ordinarily goes to market when it is in the best condition to bring the highest return. But what this condition shall be is determined largely by the conditions of production such as the time of year when feed is more available, when stock is in best condition, date of birth and time for reaching a marketable condition — hence range cattle and sheep and pas- tured stock are in the best condition in the fall and food limitations for the winter make reductions of numbers necessary, so the great movement comes at that time. Pigs and lambs are born in the spring and reach a marketable age the following fall and winter and feed to put them in best condition is most available at those times. Such conditions as these de- termine in large measure when supplies must be marketed. (b) The other factor, habits of consumption, acts to influence both movement to market and production. There are variable seasonable de- mands for meats and meat products and consumptive demand is not at all uniform throughout the year and preparation for market and marketing are influenced by this fact. There are also special periodical demands for certain kinds of meats as at Christmas and Easter time, and special sea- sonable demands from seasonable industries, such as summer hotels and resorts, that influence the market movement. In a general way necessities of production have influenced consumption and consumptive demands have reacted upon production, price being the influencing factor, until at the present time the two have, after a fashion, accommodated themselves to each other and the market movement corresponds roughly in its general outlines to seasonable consumptive requirements. But any scheme of orderly marketing must take both these into consideration. Besides these ordinary conditions of production that influence the mar- ket movement there are also occasional forces within the production side that cause unusual movements. Among these may be enumerated climatic conditions which cause a shortage of feed and water and of winter forage that force stock to market either prematurely or in excessive numbers, the outbreak of disease and flnancial conditions that may cause an un- expected or unusual liquidation of flocks and herds. Having in mind these conditions that control the market movement and hence limit the field of action in the direction of improvement, a plan for orderly marketing must consider what are the possibilities within these limitations. This consideration would concern itself with the possibilities of a better distribution of seasonable supplies, if once dependable advance information can be had as to those supplies; with the possibilities of se- curing a better distribution by changing methods of production in certain regions in order to prevent a piling up of supplies at certain periods; and with the possibilities of better correlating production activities to market demand in cases where such activities lend themselves to voluntary con- trol and direction. The foundation of any attempts at better marketing must be of depend- able statistical material interpreted by competent industrial and economic knowledge and without these no trustworthy edifice can be erected. Sta- tistical knowledge of market movement in sufficient detail to give neces- sary information as to different kinds and grades of live stock must be PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 549 secured. This information should show the monthly and seasonable move- ment from important reduction centers to market and the character and disposition made of these receipts; also detailed information of the move- ment from markets into other production or finishing regions to fairly indicate its effect upon near and remote future supplies. Only in this way can the comparative importance of different states and regions in the fur- nishing of animals for finishing and slaughter be determined. And until the market disposition of animals from different regions can be deter- mined, it is not going to be possible to separate the movement of animals for slaughter from that of animals for return to the country or range, and without such knowledge a more orderly movement of each kind cannot be brought about. Until the character of the animals marketed is known, information of a dependable sort as to the relation between numbers in various regions and probable consumption cannot be secured. In a gen- eral way what is needed is the knowledge of the movement to the impor- tant surplus markets from different states during different months of various kinds and classes of live stock, according to the market disposi- tion made of them, in order that the importance of each state in the fur- nishing of different classes of meat animals may be determined. Character of the derived products. Live stock for slaughter is the raw material from which are manufactured products for consumption and the value of the raw material is limited if not strictly determined by the value of the resultant products. In addition the character of these derived products is a very important factor in determining the relation between supply and price. With perishable or semi-perishable products that must go into consumption rapidly and in volume corresponding to the market movement of the raw material, the current supply — daily or weekly — is apt to be more important in determining price fluctuations than is the case with non-perishable products, and the total supply or seasonable supply is less influential. With non-perishables and products requiring considerable periods of time for preparation which can be held in storage indefinitely, and which are so held from periods of heavy marketings to those of scant supplies, the total seasonable rather than the daily fluctuating supplies are of the most importance. Accordingly, then, as the derived products are made up more or less of perishable or non-perishable commodities, will short period distribution be of greater or less concern. Likewise the amount and the value of by-product raw materials, the consumptive prod- ucts from which are non-perishable by nature, is an important element in determining the relationship between current supplies and price. The greater the proportion of the values of these to that of the live animal the less should be the effect of temporary variations on price, especially if the probable total supplies can be fairly estimated. Likewise the character of the products in the matter of being reliably graded or standardized can affect the manner in which the raw material — the live stock — shall be marketed, and hence must be considered in a plan for orderly marketing. Progress in marketing must be accompanied or preceded by a better grading of the commodities to be marketed, and the more easily the derived products lend themselves to such grading the better can the rav -^laterial also be graded. As a general proposition the 550 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII most satisfactory markets are those where products are sold on consign- ment and after inspection, for in these the producer must carry all the market risk with no means of shifting or insuring against it; they are also the ones in which the tactical position of the sellers is the weakest, for they are forced sellers. Whenever accepted standards of grading are possible and established they make possible both different methods of mar- keting and methods of shifting the risk under prevailing methods. Consumption. In the final analysis the desires of the ultimate consumer of meats and animal by-products and his willingness or ability to satisfy those desires determines the price of animals at the markets. In order, then, that a supply of live stock can be best marketed, dependable infor- mation must be had as to the desires and the willingness and ability to satisfy these of these ultimate consumers. The gathering of this informa- tion should include: (a) A study of the statistics of consumption. This should include the monthly and seasonable consumption of different kinds of fresh and cured meats and meat products; the monthly and seasonable movement of meats and animals for immediate slaughter from the surplus markets and the killing establishments located there to the important centers of consump- tion; the importance of different consumptive regions and centers in tak- ing surplus supplies and the markets from which and the routes by which this surplus goes into these. (b) A study of the movement of non-edible by-products into utilization channels and of the finished products into consumption and of the various industrial and financial conditions that influence both demands. (c) A study of the consumptive competition between different kinds of meats and between edible animal products and other kinds of foods. There can be no orderly marketing of one kind of meat animals without relation to the marketing of other kinds because the desire of meat con- sumers to satisfy their demands at the lowest price — to get the most for their money — ^results in a continuous competition among different kinds of meats and tends to bring about something of an equality of price as be- tween similar qualities; in the same way other foods, and especially those of a substitutable character, compete with meats for consumptive flavor, and especially is this true with a large element of the population when economic and industrial conditions put food purchases on a subsistence basis. (d) A study of the effects of both the exportation and importation of meats and animal products and of animals for slaughter on domestic prices. (e) A study of the effects of weather conditions, of religious and social observances and customs on the demand for meats, and the comparative importance of such factors in various important consumptive markets; also of the relations between industrial and financial conditions and general tendencies of consumption and especially as between conditions in certain industries and consumptive centers and the demands for particular kinds and grades of meats. That covers, in a general way, how the problems that might be deter- mined in trying to get a better distribution of live stock and meat prod- PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 551 ucts, can be brought about. I assume that such a better distribution can be brought about. Now, what are the concrete methods by which this shall be attempted? That is, if we are going to attempt a better distribu- tion of live stock, what are the methods by which the supplies of live stock can be better distributed? Methods of control. There are two general methods by which the move- ment of live stock to market can be controlled — one is automatic control and the other is conscious or directed control. Automatic control is the method that now prevails for the greater part of the live stock supply and it is brought about by leaving each individual shipper free to market his supply at the time when his own judgment, based upon such information or advice as may be available to him, decides to be the best, influenced, of course, by his individual financial and indus- trial situation. It is an almost perfect example of the "laissez faire" prin- ciple of action. The theory of such control is that with the number and diversity of producers of the various species of live stock and with the many prevailing individual farm practices there is always available a sup- ply of all kinds of stock which insures a more or less steady flow to mar- ket; the production reservoirs from which market supplies flow, are so large and the springs of activity that keep them filled are so numerous and so certain that there is no reason to doubt but that a supply will be forth- coming. With such a source of supply about a certain number of produc- ers will decide each day and each week to ship, depending, of course, upon the season. The speed control — the combined brake and accelerator — of this movement is price, assisted by the limitations on the possibility of transport. If the supplies come too heavy the price falls and will con- tinue to fall until receipts are checked or the whole industry adjusts itself to a lower level; if receipts are light the price will advance and will con- tinue to advance until the supply increases or until increased price of products checks demand for consumption. Thus price acts as a sort of float controlling the stream from the production reservoir into the market tank. The limitations on the number of stock cars and the time for their movement to and from market set the maximum limit on the size of the movement at a given time. In the main this automatic control acts remarkably well, as a study of the receipts of individual markets and especially of the receipts of the dozen or more principal markets combined will show. In fact, during the seasons of the year when the receipts are small and when the adjustments between the movements of one season to another have been made it is improbable that any kind of conceivably possible conscious control could improve upon the present method. It is the situation that develops during the seasons of heavy runs, both in the spread of this movement over the season and also in the excessive one and two day and week runs, that shows up the weakness of this method and has brought about a general demand to seek for other methods to either replace it or supplant it. These other methods must take the form of some degree of conscious or directed control. Conscious or directed control may be defined as any method that seeks to impose any systematic or organized limitations to the movement of 552 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII live stock from the regions of production to market or to check or divert its own movement while en route or to limit the offering of it upon arrival, all with the aim of bringing about a more even distribution of the avail- able supplies. All such methods may be classed under three general heads of country control, reservoir method of control and market control. Country control is any method that seeks to restrict loadings of live stock at country shipping points, either as temporary measures to relieve temporary market congestion or as a part of a worked out plan for the seasonable movement of some particular kind or class of live stock or from particular regions of production. Such a method has many strong points to recommend it and also some admitted weaknesses. Among the former are: 1, That it keeps the sur- plus supply in the country where it can be carried the cheapest and where there is ordinarily less pressure to have it moved. 2. It keeps the supply in the hands of the producer who has a more vital interest in the price than any other factor in the industry. 3. It keeps the supply where it can be most easily diverted from one market or channel to another. 4. It keeps the supply where its depressing influence on the market is the last. 5. It is a method in which the semblance of outside autocratic control is smallest. Among its weaknesses are: 1. That it keeps the supply where it is the most difficult to control its movements — to halt or start it. 2. To operate efficiently it requires much more detailed organization and hence probably less chances of success in accomplishments. 3. Unless the whole number of producers can be organized and brought under the control it must be attempted with only a part of the supply, which also reduces the chances of success. There are a number of ways by which, either singly or in combination, such control could be brought about or attempted. All of these assume some organization of producers, or primarily of such, competent to secure and interpret available market information, and having secured the con- fidence of the great body of producers through demonstrated ability. The first of these, and the simplest, is by means of advice and requests to ship- pers to hold back or to forward supplies, but with no authority to enforce its decisions nor adequate means of bringing about concerted action. An- other method, and one that has been strongly urged in some quarters, is that of our distribution control or transportation embargo. A third is by the building up of a unified or federated organization of producers that can control the flow of live stock to leading points. and the movement out of them. And a fourth is by the organization of limited classes of pro- ducers along commodity or regional lines to market their supplies accord- ing to a prearranged program based on the knowledge of the number to be available and the past and probable future actions of the markets. None of these plans have ever been given a practical try out in the live stock industry. Argument for or against them must be based either upon their success or failure in the marketing of other commodities or upon their theoretical applicability to the actual situation in the live stock in- dustry. The reservoir method is the second possible method of control. This PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 553 includes any method by which supplies of live stock after being loaded at country points are assembled at points en route in volume either for diversion or holding. This may take place either at feeding stations ad- jacent to the market or at concentration and diversion points located at strategical points giving access to two or more markets. Each of these kinds of points are at present in operation, but only for the use and con- venience of individual shippers and not as part of an organized method of market movement control. The theory of the reservoir method is that the stream of live stock as it comes in uncontrolled volume from the sources of production should be gathered in these intermediate reservoirs and fed out from them into the market in so near a uniform supply as knowledge of conditions makes possible, both for flow to individual mar- kets and for distribution among markets. The near-by feeding station or reservoir has both advantages and dis- advantages. Among the former are: 1. Stock can be ordered in on short notice and thus reach any desired markets. 2. Shrinkage after reloading is at a minimum. 3. Care en route can be diverted to them readily. The surplus supply is concentrated in a few points and can be more effectively handled. 5. The necessary equipment on a considerable scale is now available. Among the disadvantages are: 1. Unloading for holding pur- poses only delays the market movement. 2. Present charges, at least, are high. 3. Difficulty or impossibility of diverting stock to other mar- kets, 4. The time that any great volume of stock can be held is limited. 5. Such supplies are apt to be counted as a part of the market supply and have the same effect as if at the market. 6. Difficulty of determining what stock shall be thus diverted and what shall have priority of movement out. Concentration and diversion points also have favorable and unfavorable points. For them are: 1. Stock can be distributed to various markets and thus relieve the congestion at particular ones. 2. Hogs can be double- decked and save transportation expense and be shipped around the open market. 3. Such points can be developed as a part of a state-wide dis- tributing plan. 4. Decentralized control operating from these points will be much more effective in controlling local loading activities. 5. Supplies at these points will not act as a weight on the market. 6. Make possible the grading of hogs for shipment to the most favorable markets. Against them are: 1. The necessarily limited capacity of such yards. 2. Their limited utility as points to which to divert stock en route after the prob- able run has been determined. 3. Delay in getting stock to market after it has been ordered shipped. The weakness of the reservoir method by itself is that it could only be useful for emergency purposes to handle temporary over-supplies and 'could not be utilized to equalize supplies over longer periods. It is doubt- ful if it ever could accomplish much in relieving the cattle situation be- cause the expense in food and shrinkage would probably always affect any increase in the price, especially with fat cattle and range cattle. The third method of conscious control is that of bringing about a differ- ent handling of the supply after it reaches the market, either by limiting the numbers that could be offered on a given day's market or by develop- ing some program of concerted action for holding a part of excessive re- 554 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII ceipts off the market, both for the purpose of relieving the market pres- sure due to disproportionate receipts. In either case the attempt would be to make the necessary re-distribution of the supply after it reaches the market rather than at loading points or en route. This would involve the minimum of transportation expense and would eliminate the necessity of added equipment in the scheme of marketing, except at the markets themselves. The first method of limiting the numbers to be offered would necessitate an agreement among all the interests at the markets by which seasonable daily maximum limits to the numbers of different kinds of stock that could be offered for sale out of first hands should be established, together with practical means of securing such limitations. Such a method would more or less automatically limit the numbers offered for sale on a given day's market; it would not require any agreement as to action to be taken in particular situations; the control would be central- ized at the markets; and means would be had for relieving a situation that had developed. On the other hand, it might involve expensive and even impossible (under present conditions) changes in market equipment, and certainly considerable changes in handling at the market. Also it is per- haps debatable whether a supply that has reached the market if held off the market would not still have the same depressing effect. The con- scious control method of securing temporary agreements for carrying ex- cessive receipts over would make possible the taking off the market of temporary over-supplies and would lessen the dependence upon traders and speculators in carrying over this surplus. Such a method, to be work- able at all, would require the approval and loyal support of all the different selling agencies as well as the backing of all the established exchanges; admittedly these would be difficult to secure. Unless accompanied by reduced country loadings it might have the effect of simply piling up the supply instead of equalizing it. Finally, to be equitable, it would require some sort of pooling by which the expense and risk of carrying over would be shared by all the stock benefiting by the action. If it is accepted that the present automatic, price regulated control does not work satisfactorily and that there are promising possibilities of im- proving upon it and that a better method of control will result in returns to the live stock industry much exceeding the added costs of some differ- ent or supplementary method of control, then it appears plain that these changed methods must be along the lines indicated under the name of conscious control. As the name implies, this must be a thought-out, care- fully planned action to bring about a desired end. Not only must the ade- quacy of the means, to bring this end be considered, but also the ultimate value of the end itself must be critically examined. Both ends and methods having been decided upon, organization adequate to put the former into practical and efficient operation are an absolute essential. The size and character of these organizations will depend largely upon the kind and amount of control that is decided upon. Cer- tainly the type of organization will have to differ for different kinds of live stock. Both the kind of control and the type of organization to make possible that control will be considered in the separate discussions of the problems involved in the marketing of the different kinds of live stock. PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 555 I think that anything that will ever be undertaken in the way of better distribution of live stock from country points to the markets will have to involve one of those three methods. Personally, I think that control at the country shipping point is the most promising, although in certain emergencies, perhaps, either limited control at concentration or feeding points operates quite successfully, especially at given times of the year — especially in the lamb-feeding industry might it accomplish some benefits — and it is possible that something might be obtained by a better distribu- tion of the stock after it reaches the market. I think that anything that is done in the way of better market distribution must be done along one of those three lines, but before anything or a great deal in that line of more orderly marketing can be done, it must involve an agreement between al] of the factors from the producers through past the live stock market to bring these about. Relations Among Different Interests In the Industry There is little possibility of any method for the more orderly marketing of live stock attaining great success that do not have the sincere and co- ordinated support of all the interests in the industry; the probable suc- cess will be the degree to which such support is secured. This co-ordina- tion must be from the producer at least through to the retail distributor, including the railroads, yard companies, selling agencies, government agencies, and packers and slaughterers both as such and as wholesale distributors. Each of these factors has a direct interest that the supplies of all kinds of live stock should move to market in as orderly manner as possible for the efficiency with which each can perform its respective function is greater or less as the distribution of the supply is good or bad. There are relationships between these different factors where the points of interest are different and even antagonistic, but as regards the movement of the live stock supply there are no conditions that can justify serious disagree- ments; it is a matter of getting all to work harmoniously within their re- spective spheres to bring about improvements. In studying conditions and devising plans for bringing about more or- derly marketing and putting these plans into operation, the relation of all these interests in the plan must be considered. Where there are apparent antagonisms these should be adjusted so that the full support of all will be secured for such action as may be decided upon. As among the different interests the producers are the most vitally con- cerned. If better market distribution is to be of any value to them, it must be reflected either in higher returns or a more equitable distribution of these. Without this they have no sufficient interest to justify the ex- penditure of energy and money necessary to change the present methods. Their profits alone depend upon the price paid for live stock; the others make their profits without regard to this price and their interest in better distribution is in the possible savings in operating expenses resulting from a more even volume of business. Consequently this situation of the producers is entitled to especial consideration in whatever joint or asso- ciated activities may be undertaken to bring about more orderly market- ing, it being recognized that whatever makes live stock production more 556 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII permanently profitable tends to maintain and increase the amount of pro- duction, and the interest of all the other factors is in keeping this volume steadily increasing, for it is upon the volume and not the value of the pro- duction that their profits are based. In order that all these situations may be intelligently met, the live stock producers must maintain a permanent organization with authority to speak and negotiate for the whole industry. Such an organization must be made up of men capable of commanding the respect and confidence of the representatives of the other interests; it must employ trained and ex- perienced advisors who understand the live stock and its associated indus- tries and who can furnish its representatives with full information bear- ing upon concrete questions that must come up from time to time for con- sideration and decision; and finally it must be in a position to insure that decision reached or agreements made will be carried out in the same good faith by it as it will expect from the others. For unless the live stock producers, through their accredited representatives, are willing to approach all these problems with open minds and without prejudging them, to recognize the mutual and interrelated interests involved, and con- cede good will and honest intentions to the men who represent these related industries, there is little to be hoped for along the line of market improvement. The President : That concludes our afternoon program, and if there is nothing further, we will stand adjourned until the ban- quet, which will be at 6 :30. THE BANQUET. The President : Ladies and gentlemen, we appreciate your presence here this evening on this auspicious occasion. As we sat here and visited and talked, it occurred to us that about eighteen years ago just about this time — I wouldn't say exactly the date — there was a bunch of two or three hundred straggling farmers and stockmen scattered over the state of Iowa, gathered in the city of Des Moines to consider vital questions that were then confronting them, similar to those that are confronting us today as farmers and live stock feeders and producers. Out of that aggregation of farmers and stockmen — and I assure you we were a green bunch at that time, inexperienced, without a leader largely, no one having any experience along the lines of work that seemed necessary to be done, but out of that aggregation of men came what is now known as the Corn Belt Meat Producers' Association. Tonight, we are holding, about, our twelfth banquet, and we are holding at this time our annual meeting, and with us have PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 557 joined to celebrate the Federated Co-operative Shippers of Iowa, and we certainly welcome you to our midst. After this organization had been formed and started to function, the man who had been elected secretary of the Corn Belt Meat Producers' Association became ill, and found that it was necessary for him to leave this rigid climate and go to one more mild to re- cover his health, and he handed in his resignation to the board of directors. The board of directors then began to look around for a secretary for the Corn Belt Meat Producers' Association to fill the vacancy that had been made by the resignation of J. J. Ryan, who was the first secretary of this organization. In their scrim- mage, they ran onto a man who then wasn't as old in years as he is now, who with his father and his brother and some of his rela- tives, was connected up here on Eleventh and Walnut streets, I be- lieve, publishing what was then and is now known as Wallaces' Farmer, and they decided after they looked this man over that he would make a pretty good secretary if he would accept the posi- tion, and so it was offered to him and he accepted the position, and for about sixteen years that gentleman filled that position with this organization as secretary. After a while we had a national election, and, you know, some- times those national elections change the political aspect of things in Washington, and it becomes necessary to make some changes. Now, of course, I happen to belong to the party that had to give way (Laughter), unfortunately, but what I was going to say was this, that the President, in looking around over this great United States, decided that he needed a secretary down there — in fact, sev- eral of them, just as the Corn Belt Meat Producers' Association needed a secretary some sixteen or seventeen years ago, and so he began to look around for secretaries and finally located one out here in Des Moines, in the very spot where the Corn Belt Meat Produc- ers' Association located their secretary when they needed one. (Ap- plause.) Well, of course, we were loath to give up our secretary, because as an organization we felt we needed him, and we have never changed our minds so far as that is concerned, but then, of course, we felt this way about that, that possibly he could serve us in a broader field if he went to Washington. We just had faith enough in our secretary to believe that he wouldn't go back on us if we let him go to Washington, if we gave him a leave of absence and permitted him to go to Washington and help us there; and so we have gathered here tonight, I feel, to pay a tribute to the man 558 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII who acted as secretary of the Corn Belt Meat Producrs' Associa- tion for sixteen years and then was called into the cabinet of the President of the United States to become Secretary of Agriculture, and I with pride tonight take pleasure in introducing to this audience our old secretary, the Hon. Henry C. Wallace, who is now Secretary of Agriculture of the United States. (Applause, audience rising.) ADDRESS OF HON. HENRY C. WALLACE, SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE Mr. Chairman, Friends: Mr. Sykes has told you of the birth of this organization and its age. I have attended every meeting and every ban- quet, and I always enjoy them immensely, but I don't think I ever attended a banquet before under circumstances of — well, of a certain embarrass- ment. You know, I have talked to you at different times at the banquets in an informal way, but when I come with the expectation on your part that I am going to make a speech, I feel just about as I would feel if I got up before my own family and undertook to make a speech. (Laughter and applause.) I simply cannot do it! (Laughter.) All I can do is just talk informally, feeling that there is in this audience a bond which will not expect anything more than that, and, in fact, I suspect you yourselves would take offense if I undertook to orate before you. I am also under a little bit of embarrassment to know just what to say to you. Of course, you ought to know what they are doing down there to help in this period of agricultural depression, and I shall say something about that. Perhaps you may be interested, to begin with, in the sort of life we found down there; and what I am saying now I am not saying for the purpose of being quoted or reported, and if there are any newspaper men here I don't expect them to report any of the personal matters. It is different from the life of the secretary of the Corn Belt Meat Producers' Association. (Laughter.) It is like being torn up by the roots and trans- planted into an entirely new field where the soil is somewhat different and the climatic conditions are not wholly the same. And yet it is a pleasant soil, and I can well understand how, under normal conditions in the coun- try, there would be a lot of enjoyment and some considerable leisurely pleasure in it. That is, the government has built up there a pretty well organized machine in each of the departments. There are a lot of splendid men who have grown up in government service mostly under civil service now. They are well trained. The machine will run right along almost of its own momentum, except in unusual times. I think the expectation in the past has been that cabinet members would not work themselves very hard, that they would comport themselves with dignity, that they would not keep abnormally long hours. The government employes go to work at 9 o'clock and quit at 4 or 4:30, so that the hours are not severe. But these are not usual times. When the present administration went into power, we were just coming out of our war experience, and wholly without regard to what administration might have been in power during the war, there was bound to be a great deal of disorganization. War is a wasteful enterprise, it tends to disrupt orderly ways of doing things, and PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 559 there was bound to be disorganization, a great deal of rebuilding that had to be done, and that threw a great deal of work upon the administration, and especially so in view of the fact that it was a different political power than the one that preceded it. Then, we were in a period of severe agri- cultural depression, and that threw an added burden upon those in the agricultural department who take the business seriously, and I want to say that most of them do. So that it has been strenuous times, both in congress and the administrative departments. And yet there have been many things of interest. Perhaps you would not mind if I told you one or two experiences that are of more than usual interest. For example, one of my most interesting experiences was going down with the fleet to see them experiment with aerial bombs in sinking battleships. We took over from the Germans, as part of our share, certain submarines and cruisers and one battleship of the first class, the understanding being that those would all be sunk. So they were used as targets for the experimentation in aerial bombing. I was invited to go down with a group of about 300 government men, mostly army and navy men, to observe that last experiment on sinking the battle- ship Oesterfriesland, which was one of the German battleships in the battle of Jutland. We went down on a navy transport, reaching Newport News in the evening, and the next morning we wakened seventy miles out at sea, and when I went out on deck and looked about there was a fleet of eighteen battleships and destroyers and smaller craft. Well, to a land- lubber who had never been out at sea before, it was a very interesting sight, and I was anticipating an interesting experience, because when I wakened in the morning in my berth the old ship was going up this way and down that way and I lay abed for about ten minutes debating whether it would be entirely safe for me to get up. The sea was too rough to bring out the airplanes that morning. You understand these vessels were to be sunk by land airplanes. That is, they were to have a considerable share in the experiment, the idea being to determine whether the airplanes from land could successfully defend the coast from attack by battleships, and when you remember we were seventy miles out at sea and that those land airplanes cannot land on the water and float, you can see they were wise in not inviting the boys to come out in a rough sea. With regard to what we are doing to meet this general depression, especially as it relates to agriculture: There is a feeling in a great many parts of the country that congress has not done much. I don't think that feeling is justified, so far as agriculture is concerned, and I am speaking now of congress as a whole, without regard to political parties, at all, be- cause in agricultural matters there are no party lines; both the democrats and republicans are alike interested. When you look back at the legis- lation passed by congress since March 4 it Is a most creditable record so far as agriculture is concerned. First was the emergency tariff. I know that some people doubt whether the emergency tariff has been of much benefit to agriculture. We had a very unusual situation. Ordinarily a country which has a large surplus is not helped by a tariff, because the surplus itself is capable of defending the country from importations of the same sort of stuff, but we had a situation which was almost unprec- 560 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII edented last spring. The case of wool is, peiTiaps, the most easily under- stood and illustrated. We had an immense surplus of wool in this coun- try. Many of you know that from your own experience. We had great stores of it piled up. It was at a ruinously low price, and notwithstanding that, wool was coming into this country at the rate of thirty to forty million pounds a month. The United States was the only country that offered a market at any price for wool; it was the only country that had money to pay at any price, and much of that wool was brought in and bought and simply stored away by the woolen mills against the time when they could use it, and much of the rest of it was brought in and our credit was applied to it, and it was shipped on overseas on a basis of credit pur- chase. When you have conditions of that kind, a tariff of any sort helps just that much. At any rate, congress promptly passed the tariff on the theory that it would help. Then it passed three or four laws tending to make better credit con- ditions. For example, it passed a law that permitted the joint stock land banks to raise the rate of interest one-half per cent to make their bonds more salable. It passed another act which made it possible for the farm land banks to increase their capital to the limit fixed by law, making $200,000,000 capital available for farm land banks, and within the past three months those farm land banks have marketed $60,000,000 worth of bonds at par. Captain Smith, of this state, as a member of this institution, tells me that they have every expectation of being able to market at least $12,000,000 worth of those bonds each month. Well, that has had a most helpful effect in relieving the situation of many farmers who were not able to get loans on their farms at a fair rate of interest. Then the amend- ment to the War Finance Corporation act which makes it possible for the War Finance Corporation to extend its loans both for export and for agri- cultural production purposes at home to as much as $1,000,000,000. Many people thought that that money should be made available to the Individ- uals, and that there is a good deal of complaint that it is not reaching the individual farmer. Well, when you consider the number of individual farmers who would like to avail themselves of that, and the difficulties of setting up an administrative machine sufficiently efficient to administer that fund and deal with the individuals, you will see how utterly impos- sible it would be. Not only because of the difficulty of setting up the me- chanics of such an operation, but also because of the lack of knowledge of that individual's other borrowings. If you are going to reach the indi- vidual farmer, it must be through a local institution which is thoroughly familiar with his condition, with his other borrowings, and with his proper claims for credit. Now, it was to be expected that it would be rather slow work in creating the machinery necessary to deal through the banks, even, and I have been astonished with the rapidity with which that has been created. If you could be in the office there a little while and see the great number of applications that come in, and realize the necessity of care in passing on all of those applications — because when all is said and done the purpose is not to make a present of the money, but to loan It intelli- gently and upon terms which give fair promise of its return. If you could come in there and see all of those operations which must be gone through PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 561 before the loan can be finally acted upon, I believe you would agree with me that it is remarkable that we got into action so quickly. And let me say I'hat Iowa has received more War Finance money than any other state in the Union except two — one being Minnesota, where a large loan was made to a cooperative concern for the purchase of grain and the other to a southern state where there was a similar large loan made for the purchase of cotton. With the exception of those two large loans, Iowa has had more War Finance money than any other state — something over $9,000,000 to date, and one reason for that is this, you have had here in Iowa an excellent sub-committee which has put in long hours passing upon the loans that come up from the banks of the state. Now, the operations of that War Finance Corporation are more helpful than one is disposed to appreciate at first. Making that money available tends to relieve and does relieve the immediate stress on the local banks all over the state — the banks that take advantage of it — and that in turn relieves the situation so far as the farmer borrower is concerned. In addition to these laws dealing with credit, congress passed two laws of an unusual nature — one law bringing the packers, stock yards and com- mission merchants under the supervision of the government, and the other the law bringing the boards of trade or future exchanges under gov- ernment supervision. These laws give more power to the supervising agency than any laws ever have except when passed in time of war. They make it possible for the supervising agency to go into the packing busi- ness, for example, to the books of the packing company, and learn all about what they are doing. They give power to the supervising agency power to practically fix charges by the stock yards and by the live stock commission merchants. The law dealing with future trading gives similar powers over the operators on the boards of trade. There has been talk here and there that those laws do not go far enough. One common ex- pression with regard to the packer control law was that its teeth were pulled before it became a law. I want to say to you, as the party who ia responsible for administering those laws, that there is as much authority there to begin with as I care to have lodged in my hands. We have got the authority to go in and study the whole business, and that is the first thing to do. We hear a lot of talk about the iniquitous practice by the packers or the commission merchants or the board of trade operators, but we are short on definite, reliable information concerning the opera- tions of all of those agencies. We have now an opportunity to go in and inform ourselves thoroughly as to just exactly what is going on, and that is the first thing to be done, and then if we find that~some things are being done which should not be done and which these laws do not reach, I think it will be very easy to get such amendments as we should have to make them fully effective. Both of those laws are being held up in part by ap- peals to the court. They are be'ing attacked on the ground that they are unconstitutional. Whether those attacks will be successful, of course, Is something for the future. The theory of the attacks is that the operations of the commission merchants are not of an interstate character, that they are intrastate, and therefore congress has no power over them. Those 36 562 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII cases are being advocated by the supreme court, so that we should know within a short time whether those laws will stand as constitutional. I mention those things to justify the statement I made that congress during the past nine months has made a very unusual record as far as undertaking to serve agriculture is concerned. None of those laws passed is intended to give the farmer an unfair advantage over other classes of citizens, but all of them were passed with the recognition of the great outstanding fact that prosperity and the very life of the United States de- pends upon the agricultural industi-y, and if our agriculture doesn't pros- per the nation cannot prosper. They were all largely addressed to the Immediate emergency, and if congress has not passed more legislation which some have advocated, it has been because the justification for that legislation could not be made. In times like this you always have a lot of freak legislation suggested. In these periods of stress there are people coming forward with remedies which experience shows are not successful, which are likely to make conditions worse than they are at the present time. There is another thing that congress has done which to me is full of promise so far as agriculture is concerned, and that is they have appointed a committee of ten members, five from the senate and five from the house, and that committee has been sitting for about five months just inquiring into agricultural conditions. They have given everybody who wants the opportunity to appear and talk about agricultural conditions, an opportu- nity to be heard. They have employed a number of competent statisticians and economists, they have drawn upon our department for a great mass of statistical material, they have reached out in every direction that any of the members could think of, or that anyone could suggest to them, for information that would throw light on our agricultural difficulties and would indicate some practical remedies. That commission has not yet made its report — I think its first report will be made by the first of Jan- uary, and I am very hopeful of the suggestions which will grow out of that report — it is a thoroughly constructive piece of business, gone into with- out prejudice simply for the purpose of inquiring into and getting real facts as to our agricultural situation. Now I want to say a word to you about the Department of Agriculture. We employ over 18,000 people in all. The work is divided into foru gen- eral lines: First, what we call the scientific research — all of the experi- mental work, the gathering or search for improved plants and aninials, methods of breeding and everything of that sort. Second, the extension work in which the effort is to take what we have learned from this scien- tific research into the country, to bring it into the farm home, to put it within the reach of every man that wants to profit by it, and that, of course, is not only direct, but In co-operation with the various agricultural colleges and experiment stations and through the county-agent movement. Then, third, we have what we call the service work, of which the crop estimates and marketing work is an example, and then we have the regu- latory work. We administer some thirty or more regulatory laws — meat inspection, the food and drugs act, the mdgratory bird act — in all over thirty of those regulatory laws. And then in addition to that regulatory PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 563 work, it has gotten to be a habit of putting the Secretary of Agriculture on commissions of several sorts. For example, there is a federal power com- mission which has charge of all of the navigable streams of the United States. No man can build a dam for water power purposes without first getting the permission of the federal power commission, and they made the Secretary of Agriculture a member of that commission. The other two members are the Secretary of War and the Secretary of Interior. And then there is the national park conservation commission; there is the commission which deals with the purchase of forests. We have bought in the last ten years over 2,000,000 acres of forest land — bought and admin- istered by the government; and there is this commission and that com- mission that they have gotten the habit of putting the Secretary of Agri- culture on, so that you see if you do justice to your own administrative work within the department, and do even partial justice to the work that is expected of you as a member of these various commissions you haven't got a great deal of time to waste, and you haven't a great deal of time to spend in pleasure. Of course, under conditions which existed last spring, and which still exist in large measure, it was perfectly natural that we should turn every effort of the department to relieving this financial stress, and toward trying to find and enlarge our markets for this great crop surplus, and toward improving our marketing facilities. We sent some cotton experts overseas to see if we could send more of our cotton over there, to see if we could enlarge the foreign outlet for our cotton. We sent our experts over there to enlarge the outlet for our meats, and also others for the outlet of our grains. We have done about everything that we could do for ourselves, or that anyone could suggest to us that sounded at all practical to try to relieve this situation. Some of that work has been helpful, none of it has been as helpful as we had hoped it might be. I think In looking into the future we will get a great deal of benefit from some of the work we have done during the past six months, especially in foreign fields, but it is not going to come quickly. You know, when we first got into this real agricultural depression, it was common to hear people say, the only trouble with us is that the people overseas aren't buying as much as they have been, and the thing for us to do is arrange credits for them so that they can continue to buy. We found that wasn't true. Those people were not slackening in their buying because of lack of credits. They were buying what they needed, but we were in a period of falling prices, and instead of laying up a surplus as they had in years past they were buying from hand to mouth just as we are, because of that period of fall- ing prices, and the further extension of credits to them offer no prospect of enlarging our sales. We found some other conditions which we think can be improved and which will enlarge in time our foreign outlet. Then looking at the conditions here at home, I found this in the depart- ment, and I am not saying this by way of criticism but simply stating the fact as it developed, and it applies not only to the Department of Agri- culture but to our various agricultural colleges and other agencies that have been looking toward the improvement of agriculture: The major emphasis during the past forty years has been to improve methods of 564 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII production, to increase production, to cheapen production costs, to grow better crops and more of them. The emphasis has been put upon pro- duction. Now, I am convinced that if during the past forty years we had put even 25 per cent as much time into studying the economic processes that affect agriculture, the influences that affect production, and espe- cially that affect prices, if we had spent even 25 per cent as much time in studies of that sort, we would have rendered a far greater service to the agriculture of the United States. I do not mean to say by that that we should lessen in any way our efforts along production lines; I don't mean to say that we shouldn't continue to improve our varieties of crops and our breeds of live stock, and to cheapen our costs of production, and to study better cultural methods, and studies of breeding, and all that, but I say, in addition to that we must give more attention to what we call agricultural economics — the business side of farming, and if we had given more attention to that we might have anticipated part of the trou- ble that has come upon us and might have avoided it in part. So that, without lessening in any way the work of the department in productive lines, I have been trying to strengthen its work in economic lines during the time I have been there. » There are a splendid lot of people in that department. There are men there who have devoted their lives to unselfish service for agriculture. There are men there whose services can hardly be estimated in dollars and cents — running into millions and millions and hundreds of millions of dollars. Dr. Pearson here, who is going to speak to you later, can tell you something of that, because he himself was in the department for two years, and I think he will support everything I have said in commenda- tion of those men. Well, I don't want to tire you by talking of the department or of its work. I have found it tremendously interesting, and I think very much worth while. Looking into the future. It seems to me that when we get through this period of stress and depression, and it is my belief that we are through the worst of it and that there will be a gradual improvement from now on, I think we shall find ourselves at the beginning of an en- tirely new era in agriculture in the United States; we will find that we have come to a time when under normal conditions consumption has practically overtaken production, and we will find that we have problems of foreign competition which have not bothered us so much in the past, but which are likely to bother us a good deal in the future. Let me suggest just two or three things which the farmers of Iowa should think about with considerable care. We loaned those foreign countries some eleven or twelve billion dollars. That is, we say dollars; in fact, we loaned it in the form of commodities, in foodstuffs and ammu- nition and implements and machinery of all sorts. There Is not enough money over there to pay even the annual Interest charge on that money, and it has got to be paid back in kind; It has got to be paid back in com- modities of one sort or another. It seems to me now that that means that our manufacturing interests are coming Into a period of probably the ""ost severe competition they have ever met, because conditions over- ieas, wages overseas, are much lower than here, the rate of exchange is PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 565 to their advantage — this is a good country to sell in and a poor country to buy in, so far as those European nations are concerned, and our manu- facturers are going to meet that very fierce competition. Now, to meet that they have got to reduce their production cost to the very lowest pos- sible point, and a very considerable part of their production cost is wages, and wages must be related to the cost of foodstuffs, so that our manufac- turers, in order to meet that competition, are going to demand of us, and very properly, too, that we feed their workmen at the lowest possible cost. More than that, they are going to buy the food for their workmen wherever they can buy it cheapest. Now, to the south of us is develop- ing a wonderful agricultural empire — Argentina. Uruguay, Brazil — rais- ing grain and live stock, and, under present conditions, being able to lay their products down on our eastern coast at a lower cost for shipment than we in the corn belt can lay our products down. Now, you take those three things and connect them up and I think you will see that they present problems which the farmers of the corn belt have got to consider, and when I say farmers of the corn belt I mean all citizens of the corn belt. We have got here the highest price land, every- thing considered, in all the world; we have got also the most intelligent farmers; we produce more per man than any other farmers, taken on an average, but we have got to cheapen our production costs or increase our yield if we are going to meet the competition that is coming in a very short time. I am convinced of one thing that Iowa and states like Iowa have got to go about it systematically to study their agriculture from the business side. I am convinced that if Iowa will do that, even if we can not cheapen our production costs so much, we can cheapen our marketing costs and compete with our neighbors to the suth of us on much evener terms than we thought. The day before I left Washington, Harold Powell, manager of the California Orange Growers, was in my office. Oranges are a luxury, but Powell told me that they sold one hun- dred million dollars worth of oranges at a profit. They have done that first by cooperative organization, by improving varieties, by careful grad- ing their products, by cheapening their costs all along the line. They own their own lumber mills out in the national forest and make their own boxes. They have put the orange business on a sound business basis, and they have studied the thing as the conditions demand, and they study the conditions in every city day by day. They start their cars from the west and keep control of them and deflect them from city to city. In other words, they have applied modern business principles to the marketing of an orchard crop. Now, I am convinced that if all the agencies in Iowa which are work- ing for agricultural improvement will come together and study that mar- keting problem alone — and when I say that I am not speaking of some large effort to all at once overturn our system, but get right down to the business and study the thing from the bottom — the grading of our prod- ucts, the marketing of them in a thoroughly businesslike way — I am satis- fied that we can make an enormous saving in the marketing of Iowa's crops, and I am satisfied further that that sort of study will show us we are growing too much of some crops and too little of other crops, and we 566 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII can bring about an adjustment in production which will result in a very- pronounced material advantage to the farmers of Iowa. In the Department of Agriculture it is my ambition that we shall be able to cooperate with not only the agriculture colleges and experiment stations in each state, as we have been doing for many years, but shall be able to cooperate with the various state marketing organizations and other organizations which are studying the business side of farming so that gradually we can work out a national agricultural policy — first a state policy and then a national agricultural policy that will result in putting our agriculture on a thoroughly sound business basis. We have gotten to the time when, if we hope to maintain the standard of living which we have been demanding for the people of the farm, and maintain the fertility of the soil, we have got to have a definite agricultural policy and all work toward it, and it is my ambition that the national Depart- ment of Agriculture shall be able through cooperation with these vari- ous agencies and the various state organizations to make same real prog- ress toward working out that enduring national policy during the next four years. I cannot tell you how much pleasure it is to me to have the opportunity to meet with Iowa people even for a short time. There is one difficulty about these short trips, in one way they are an aggravation — the first day I usually just loaf around, thinking I will get down to some of the things I ought to do the second day, and then before I realize it evening has come and train time is almost here. I have missed the opportunity to meet with you here. I had expected to spend most of the day here with you, and this contact tonight, although I have done most of the talking so far, makes me feel as though I was among my own family again. I have to leave in a few minutes on the way back to Washing- ton, and I hope that any of you who come to Washington will not fail to report to the Department of Agriculture. You know there is such a mass of administrative work there that one can be entirely immersed in it without realizing conditions unless you people out in the country keep me in touch with actual conditions. I cannot get out often enough to get that knowledge, which I must have, and if because of that mass of administrative work I gradually lose touch with what is going on in the country, it will be your fault and not mine, because it is your job to come to see me. I would like to have you to write me now and then, and that is the only way I can keep up to date on what is going on out in this great western country, and what is in the farm mind here. Of course, I am hoping to get out here more often in the future than I have in the past, but until that time you have got the task of keeping me informed. I thank you very much! (Applause.) The President : At this time I think 1 will entertain you by read- ing you two letters which I have in my possession, which I know will both interest and disappoint you. The first is dated at Chicago, December 6. and reads as follows : Dear Mr. Sykes: The Interstate Commerce Commission has assigned for hearing at Washington the case involving the general reduction in PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 567 freight rates convening December 14. I feel that I should be there at the very first day, or possibly the day previous, for conference with other shippers. I regret this exceedingly, as it will deprive me of one of the cherished events of the year, my meeting with my old friends of the Corn Belt Meat Producers' Association. Cordially yours, CLIFFORD THORNE. (Applause.) I don't think it is necessary for me to take your time in going into an explanation of this matter. You are aware that the Inter- state Commerce Commission has determined, on its own motion, to make a general investigation of freight rates as a whole and to find out whether or not these freight rates can be reduced under existing conditions, and they set the date for the opening of that hearing and investigation for December 14, and this is why Mr. Thorne is absent from this banquet tonight. The second letter is dated at the State House, Des Moines, Iowa, December 13, 1921. This letter I received after we adjourned this evening upstairs. Dear Mr. Sykes: I regret exceedingly that I can not attend the ban- quet tonight, to which you were kind enough to invite me. As you are aware, I am threatened by a serious situation created by the strike of packing house employes at Sioux City, and it may be necessary for me to order the national guard there to protect life, maintain order, and pre- serve property. A committee of officials and citizens of that city has just notified me that it will arrive in Des Moines at 6:30 this evening to discuss the subject fully with me. I know you will agree with me that my first duty is to confer with them. I wish for your meeting the most complete success, and I want you to know how deeply I appreciate the courtesy implied in your invitation. With personal regards, I remain, N. E. KENDALL. This explains why our governor is not with us this evening. In emergencies of this character, men who are in charge of gath- erings of this kind are put to their wits' ends sometimes to meet the situation ; but, fortunately, we have in the state of Iowa several men to whom we can always appeal to fill just such an emergency and such a situation as confronts us this evening. As I came down from the convention room this evening, about 6:00 o'clock, or 6:15 I believe it was, to be exact, I met in the lobby of the hotel, among other men, one man to whom we all like to pay honor and respect, and delight to listen to, a man who has been a leader among us since 568 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII he came west; and in this regard I wish to say that you people are exceedingly fortunate tonight — it just occurred to me as the Secre- tary of Agriculture was talking to us that tonight we have two men as honored guests of this banquet who have been in the Department of Agriculture, one as the Secretary of Agriculture, to whom you have listened, and the other who has been Assistant Secretary of Agriculture during the period of the war. Aside from this, this man is at the head of the greatest agricultural college in the United States. (Applause.) And it is with pleasure that at this time I have the opportunity to introduce to you Dr. R. A. Pearson, presi- dent of our State Agricultural College. Dr. Pearson. (Applause.) ADDRESS OF R. A. PEARSON, President Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa. Mr. Toastmaster, Friends: Everyone here knows very well that I can not fill the place of our good governor — we are very sorry that he can not be here, but I might occupy a few minutes that were allotted to him. We have heard a most wonderful talk this evening by our old chum and still our good, friend, Henry C. Wallace. I don't suppose there is a person in the room but realizes that he is in charge of a tremendous job, and I don't suppose that I could express our good wishes for him any better than to say that we are confident that he will do this tremendous job just as well as he used to tell us that barrel story. (Laughter and applause.) Do you know, friends, that he has more power than any other man in this country, with the exception of a few that you could count on the fingers of your two hands? He has more power than the governors of states, than the rulers of some mighty kingdoms in this world today, and we are glad and proud that our old friend has been given the opportu- nity that is his. Now, being a college man, I am going to suggest that we give him a yell before he gets out of the building. (Three cheers given for Secretary Wallace as he retired from the room.) Well, I might say a good deal about the work he is doing. He didn't tell us some of the personal things about it, but I happen to be acquainted with quite a number of men in the department and I know that our friend Wallace gets down there at about 7 o'clock in the morning on a good many mornings, and the old colored messenger who has been there a number of years tells me that he sometimes stays so late in the eve- ning that this colored messenger doesn't get home in time for his supper. I don't know how it is that it agrees with him so well, except that he had a hardy constitution that comes from living in this climate and living with us so that he can stand those diplomats, salutes, hard work, long hours, etc. I hope he v/ill not have to stand them all the rest of his life, but I hope he continues down there for a number of years, and then re- turns to us to be one of us again. PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 569 I might have said more while the secretary was here concerning his problems. His problems are our problems; he is working on our prob- lems, and I want to congratulate you upon the progress that he is mak- ing. I am hoping that he will be able to accomplish a good many of the things that he had no time to refer to this evening. For example, our exports of agricultural products are large at the present time, contrary to general opinion. We are sending out from one to three times the normal export of wheat, corn, meat and dairy products, and it would be a great thing for this country if he will find a way by which the markets which are just now being developed may be maintained for our advan- tage In years to come. There are some very diverse opinions as to the cause of the depression that rests upon us. Of course, we all know ft goes back to the war, but in some conferences which I have been permitted to attend I have noticed that honest men may have hoiiest differences of opinion. For example, at the present time there are about four million men in this country out of employment. The normal number of persons out of em- ployment in the United States is about one and a half million. In the larger communities and eastern cities the problem is to find employment by which these people can make a living. In the absence of employ- ment they will suffer great hardships and their families will suffer great hardships, and that, in turn, will develop a spirit of unrest, which is con- trary to the best development of this country. Do you know what is happening over in England on account of the unemployment situation? The government has heen following a system of doles, so-called, which is the payment of cash to the unemployed, and this system has developed among some of those people a disposition to continue that method of life, and instead of stimulating an ambition to find work, it has stimu- lated an ambition not to find work, and some of the unemployed are organized and they are seriously advocating the forcible taking posses- sion of libraries and churches and schools in order that they may use those buildings for shelter. In their organization they have a president and they have a secretary, and they issue letters of instructions to their leaders. One of these letters came to my attention in which it was advo- cated that the unemployed should go into hotels and restaurants and private houses and literally help themselves to food supplies. We are very fortunate that we do not have those conditions in this country, and we certainly do not expect to have them; but what about the remedy for the unemployment? I am going to mention two theories for the reliev- ing of unemployment. I am a kind of filler-in on your program and I have not had time to prepare in advance what I should say to you, but I think you may be interested in these two theories. One of the great industrial leaders in this country, a man whose opera- tions extend through a large part of this middle western territory, who has large interests in manufacturing and in railroading, is perfectly honest in his conviction that the best remedy is to start building. And so he says if we can only find a way to start building, it will relieve the situation. We are short more than one million houses in this country; we need business houses; we need various structures, to say nothing of 570 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII the enormous number of buildings on our farms that would have been put up if conditions had been better. We have thousands upon thou- sands of freight cars that are standing idle and out of repair at the pres- ent time, and there are said to be 16,000 locomotives in this country that are not in use because they need repair. His remedy for the present diffi- culty is to finance operations of that kind so as to get the wheels of com- merce started. If building is begun, it will be necessary to open lumber yards, sawmills, brick-works, furniture factories, lime kilns, hardware establishments, steel mills, and then the* coal mines, to keep them all going, and all these would call upon the transportation systems to move the goods, and as the direct result of this there will be more people em- ployed and they will consume more food and the farmers will find larger sale for their products and we will all be prosperous and happy again. That sounds fairly good, doesn't it? There is another way to present the matter, and, in my opinion, there is a better way. In this country 40 per cent of our people are engaged in agriculture. Today their products have small buying power. Let me illustrate: Before the war the buying power of agricultural products might be indicated by a column from the table up this high (indicating), and the things that they would buy, that the farmer buys, would be repre- sented by another column that high (indicating). During the war the price that the farmer received for his products doubled, and that column went way up there (indicating), but the things that he could buy had to remain stationary, he couldn't buy twice as much; he could buy only the same old quantity, because the price of these things he had to buy also had doubled. And what is the situation today? The price he gets for his product is now the level of the prewar period — on many products it is below that level — it was 91 per cent on cattle a short time ago. But the prices of the articles he is buying are still abnormally high, and that column has shrunken until it is so short that it stands only a little way above the table. The farmer can not buy. The result is that the facto- ries that would supply them are closed or running on part time, and some of them have tried hard to keep going. I know of one that under normal conditions carries about $100,000 worth of stock; they have bor- rowed to the limit of their capacity to keep their workmen employed and they have about a half million dollars worth of finished product on hand. The farmers are not able to buy, so the small towns are dead, and they, in turn, affect the larger towns, and all this affects our transportation systems and industries. The railroads of the country have laid off 400,000 men because they have not the goods to haul, and down through the east we have long lines of unemployed as a consequence. The remedy would be to find some way to give new heart and courage to the farmers of the country, through finance, perhaps, but best of all through giving them an opportunity to see a ray of light and hope for agriculture, and we do begin to see just a little of it. An item appeared in the newspapers the other day about corn selling for 50 cents a bushel over in Scott county at a public sale. There is a tendency upward, and if in one way or another this can be applied to the products of the farm generally, we will see greatly improved conditions. Of course, that is a PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 571 big subject and it can be discussed at great length, but it seems there must be some way out for the farmers so that they will brighten up and feel encouraged to buckle up their belts another notch and begin to buy. When 40 per cent of our population begins to buy, it is going to start the factories, and the persons taken on emplyoment there will turn their wages back into food products and other necessities and one end will help the other, and gradually we will get the whole circle going and prosperity restored to this country. There are two proposed solutions of this problem — take your choice. There is a possibility that both of them will be worked out side by side. But before the farmers can see much hope for agriculture, there must be some reduction in farmers' costs, such as railroad rates. We are told that the railroads of the country are today paying for help more than their total income before the war. According to official reports before the war the railroads of this country were paying for labor one and one- half billion dollars a year, which is an average of fifteen dollars for every man, woman and child in the United States. At the close of the war wages had gone up rapidly, but were then' raised still higher, until they reached a point above three and one-half billion dollars a year. The railroads, therefore, were paying more than double what they had paid before the war — they were paying two billion dollars more than they had paid, and that two billion dollars means about twenty dollars for every man, woman and child in the United States every year. The railroads have made thousands of changes in their tariff rates, and, thanks to the efforts of the farmers' organizations, some of those changes have been very much to the advantage of the farmers; but until railroad labor is willing to stand by the farmer and with the farmer, and with the business man generally, and accept their share of this deflation, we will be up against an exceedingly hard proposition. (Applause.) My friends, they are good fellows; they are splendid men — they are just looking out for themselves, as is perfectly natural, and I do not know what influence will be brought to bear to bring them into line. But they are not the only ones. Some business men must do better, and there are others who are holding on just as tenaciously to their war income. The miners haven't come down much yet, and some of the men in the trades. They are all good fellows, but they don't see it right, and I do not know anything that can be brought to bear upon them so effectively as public opinion. Why is it that the armament conference is a success? I think it is very largely due to the splendid leadership of President Hard- ing and Secretary Hughes, but it is chiefly because of the public opinion of this country and other countries which is centered upon it almost to a man (applause), and the air vibrates to that fact, and they respond to it. Why was it we didn't have a railroad strike a few weeks ago? Vari- ous explanations may be given, but the real explanation was that the per- sons concerned on both sides of the question knew absolutely that the American people would not tolerate it, and so there was no strike. And once in a while we have to become aroused to such situations and develop a public opinion and in fairness and kindness press home the fact that we must all work together in this period of rehabilitation, in 572 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII this deflation process which is occurring and which must go much fur- ther before we can be again upon a normal basis, and before agriculture and other industries ^s well can enjoy their real share of a national pros- perity. As President Harding has so well said, it is a travesty that in this country, with its warehouses literally bursting with food, with the mines filled with minerals, with great wealth here, that we should have this great army of unemployed and this year of depression — it is a chal- lenge to the intelligence of the nation. I don't know how best that chal- lenge can be met. By laws? Yes. By regulation? Yes. But best of all by sane public opinion; and I believe that bodies like this are deveop- ing such public opinion, and that their efforts along these lines are bound to help greatly in this important cause. (Applause.) ADDRESS OF HARVEY INGHAM, Editor Des Moines Register. Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen: It would be a very bold man, as Doctor Pearson suggested, who would come before a body of this kind to make an address on short notice or no notice at all, for that matter. We have been here for some time now, and I am going to keep you only a few minutes. I think I was present, if not at the very first banquet of this associa- tion, at least at an early one, and I remember that at that time I qualified as a poultry raiser — my wife had carefully preserved a dozen eggs for setting and, after proper care and attention, the old hen hatched one chicken. (Laughter.) I asked her what she did with the eggs, and she replied that she knew they were perfectly fresh eggs, because she kept them in the refrigerator all the time. (Laughter.) And I can come before you this evening as a cattle feeder, for a num- ber of years ago my brother-in-law and myself had some land in northern Iowa, and we decided to buy cattle in the spring, put them on pasture during the season and sell them in the fall. That year our pasture ran short, our cattle couldn't get enough to eat, and they actually lost weight from the time we bought them, and when fall came we couldn't sell them for love or money. We had several thousand bushels of corn on hand that was worth $1.50 a bushel, and we thought that we could carry them over the winter, put some weight on them with that corn, and sell them at a profit, but when spring came we sold them for less than we had paid for them. (Laughter.) During the three years we continued our efforts as cattle experimenters, we succeeded in losing two corn crops, as well as our pastures, and we decided that there was a Jonah about it some- where, and we withdrew from the business; and ever since that experi- ence I have felt a sympathy for the men who are feeding cattle, because I know what it is to feed cattle on a losing market. Whenever I come up to a proposition that is before the farmers of Iowa and the west, affecting them as a class; whenever I find a class of work- ers that finds itself as a class in straits, I always feel that a proper solu- tion of the difficulty requires that I look into the history of the occppa- tion to find out why it is that disaster hits one class of people harder than it does another, and I think it would be well if the farmers generally PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 573 would read the history of their own calling, because if they would, I think they would discover what sort of inheritance they have. If you should go back to medieval times, you will find that all aristo- cratic societies depended upon three things for their foundation and pres- ervation— cheap manual labor, cheap farm labor, and cheap soldiers. You will find that all aristocratic societies in days gone by have de- pended upon food production at cost, manual labor at cost, and fighting done at cost. The farmer, the manual laborer and the soldier were sup- posed to work for their board and clothing — and not ask too much for board and clothing. (Laughter.) That is the heart of the situation. Now, why was it, gentlemen, that at the end of the World war congress became so solicitous of the welfare of and interested in providing 6 per cent returns to the railroads on the then present replacement values of the railroads of the country, when you could get out in this state of Iowa all the land you wanted to rent at 3 per cent on the fair value of the land? Now, why was it? It wasn't because of any desire to discrimi- nate. No, it wasn't that. It was because of a habit of thought. I at- tended a meeting up at the agricultural college at Ames the other day, when Mr. C. W. Barron, editor of the Wall Street Journal, made an ad- dress, and while he expressed a good many Wall street notions, he said something that is mighty true. He said: "The reason that food produc- tion is cheap in this country is because of the unpaid family labor of the farm." Now, why have we got unpaid family labor on the farm? Why has the farmer got in the habit of rendering that sort of service? And why has he been content to render it? And why do we submit to a senti- ment in Washington, and, I judge, the country over, in favor of taking care of everybody else with 6 per cent or a higher per cent of return, and nothing for the farmer? Now, a great deal has been done to aid the farmer by this congress, as Secretary Wallace has told you. Who did it? It has been done by the democratic representatives of the farmers, and by the republican representatives of the farmers, and they have stood for the farmers' in- terests against every body, and one of the most effective things for the producer that this agricultural bloc did was \^hen they defeated the attempt to shift a large part of the tax burden off of wealth onto pro- duction. (Applause.) The attempt was made, and will again be made, to shift the entire burden of paying for this war onto the shoulders of labor and the farmer. Doctor Pearson has said something about wages of the railroad work- ers and mine workers. The men outside of the four great railroad broth- erhoods were almost without exception underpaid before this war. All of the non-organized laboring men of the country before the war were underpaid. I myself have very great sympathy for the worker, and I believe today that wages would be at the starvation point if it hadn't been for the great labor organizations. That country is most prosper- ous that has a high wage scale and low taxes and low rents. Now, what connection does that have with the farmer? It is the highly paid laborer who buys the products of the farm. And without cooperation between the two you will fail of results. In any event, there will not be any result 574 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII reached that is worth while until the farmer and the laborer work in harmony and not against each other, because to set them against each other has been continually attempted from the beginning of time. We have got to come to the time when farmer and laborer are esteemed higher. If the farmers and the laborers of this country would cooperate in the true spirit, taking advantage of new methods of protection, they would rule this country. And when rates of interest are going to be guaranteed for anybody by congress, those rates of interest should be arranged with some reference to the returns from our farms. Now, I don't believe In every radical movement that is proposed in the name of farmer and laborer; I don't believe in all of the harebrained schemes raised by men in excited times, but I want to say to you that the soldier will come back home and be neglected and left to die, the labor of this country will labor as a peasant class for wages merely enough to sup- port life, and the farmer will produce food on the unpaid labor of his own family, so long as they are willing to accept the position they endured in the middle ages and have held ever since and are at the present time holding in every country in the world, except this. All societies are built on a peasant class at the bottom, and, gentlemen, you know the prospect today in the United States is that we are going to come to the peasant farmer class — the actual tiller of the soil. I want to say to you gentlemen that we have got to take large views of the future of Ameri- can democracy, and we have got to stand together to see that those who do the actual work of the world at least receive a living wage. I am in favor of paying a bonus to the soldier boys. Two years of their time they spent working for their board and clothes, and it has taken them more than two years to become readjusted, and many of them are inca- pacitated. I heard yesterday that there are thousands of the boys who were gassed in the war out of employment and out of food, and it is re- ported that Colonel Whittlesey committed suicide because of worry on his part over the pitiful condition of many of his former soldiers. We said when the boys went away that if we failed to win, life and property would be worth nothing, and the boys won, and life and property were secure. They were told it was their duty, and they were glad to do it. That was always said. It used to be said that soldiers must fight for nothing to maintain the prince; labor must be for nothing; farm produc- tion must be for nothing. I don't want to inject a radical note into this meeting, but, gentlemen, there would have been no such deflation in market prices as took place; there would have been no such smash in prices in this country by withdrawing credit as took place if the farmers had been paying as much attention to the business end as to the polit- ical end as some other classes of this country are. George E. Roberts, the financial writer of the National City Bank of New York, one of the most conservative authorities in this country, states that we shrank farm products $7,000,000,000 in one fell shrink. If we had extended credit to Europe to be expended in farm products, we would have not only held prices and stimulated business, but kept our people employed, and even if we had never gotten back the $7,000,000,000 that was loaned, we would have been better off than we are today. Mr. Barron declared PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 575 that the Federal Reserve Board had sufficient reserves to have extended $2,000,000,000 more of credit than it did before it started to deflate prices in this country. Mr. Barron is authority for the statement that with an 85 per cent reserve in this bank, which is three or four times as great as that carried by other countries, we have more than 100 cents of gold behind every dollar in circulation in this country. We have over one- half of the gold of the entire world stored in the vaults of the treasury. Gentlemen, deflation would never have taken place, there would not have been this pinch put uion the agricultural interests of the country, if the farmers had taken larger interest in public matters — if they had taken as much interest in those things as they took in the routine of the farm, and I want to urge you gentlemen, tonight, of the Corn Belt Meat Pro- ducers' Association to take a larger interest in business affairs, and I want you to take a larger interest in the political economy of this great American republic. I am very glad that Mr. Crerar is leading the move- ment in Canada. At the recent general election all of the western prov- inces of Canada selected farmer delegates to their parliament. And in this country I want to see all of the farmer bloc preserved in congress until all of these things have been secured for the farmer, and it will not be preserved if we fail to give it our whole-hearted support. This is a serious time for the world. This readjustment is not going to take place in a day or a week. Do you know that in the last three years since the war that the nations of the world have inflated or increased the debt of the world by $200,000,000,000? All that has taken place since 1918. The inflated currency, promises to pay, and issues of bonds, have equaled $200,000,000,000, and the debt of the world is over $400,000,000,000, on which the interest payment is $15,000,000,000 a year, and Mr. Barron says there is nothing for them to do but repudiate. It took us thirty-one years after the Civil war to secure any sort of financial readjustment. That is not going to be a ripple compared to what we will see if something isn't done soon with these war burdens. I have been through two money panics, but they have not affected the Mississippi valley; but the read- justment of the world is not going to take place in a hurry, and you want to be prepared for it. I hope that the leaders of the farmer movement in this country will take a larger and larger interest in public affairs, and I hope for the future of American democracy, for the future experiment we are trying to make of freedom in this great country, that the patriotism of the American farmer is going to be put more and more in control of our affairs. No people will lose or be at a disadvantage that is ruled by its farmers. Farmers never started a war, but they have fought every one of them to a finish. The farm population of this country will preserve democracy and right. Nothing would be better for America than that the farm people of this country should have the controlling voice in our public affairs, and that is my word to you tonight. (Applause.) The President : I am sure that we appreciate the words that have come from both Dr. Pearson and Mr. Ingham, and while we regret that the governor could not have been with us to address us tonight, 576 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII I think we are exceedingly fortunate that we have had these gentle- men with us to give us these splendid addresses to fill in in this emergency. Mr. Ingham referred to a matter here that I want to call special attention to. You who listened to the reading of my address this morning will recall that I touched on this same question myself, and I was surprised to sit here tonight and listen to Mr. Ingham voice that warning to the farmers of this country — the danger under these conditions of creating a farmer peasantry in this country such as exists in practically all of the European countries today. It seems to me this is one of the greatest dangers that we are confronting here in this great United States of America if these conditions are not corrected, and it certainly behooves the sober, steady-going farm- ers of this country to see to it that this condition is not allowed to be brought about through the moneyed interests of this country. After making several announcements, the meeting adjourned to meet on Wednesday morning at 9 :00 o'clock. WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 14, 1921. Morning Session. The President : Now, gentlemen, Mr. Gainn does not need any introduction, to you Corn Belt people especially. He has been vice president of this organization for a great many years and I don't think he has ever missed a meeting, unless it was one when he was in the south one winter, to mingle with us. He is one of our repre- sentative farmers and stockmen over at Buckingham, and he is going to talk to us today on the subject of "Cattle Feeding Experi- ences," so that without further delay I will introduce to you Mr. R. A. Gunn. (Applause.) CATTLE FEEDING EXPERIENCES By R. A. Gunn. Mr, President and Members: If you folks think I am going to tell you anything about making money in feeding cattle, I think you will soon dis- cover that in these sandbagging days it is impossible to do so. I believe that the cards have been stacked against us, and not only the cards right upon the table, but they are Bret Harte's "Heathen Chinee," PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 577 In his sleeves, which were long, There were twenty-four packs, Which was coming it strong, Yet I tell you the facts, (Laughter.) Sc, to tell you anything about feeding cattle to make you money is some- thing I couldn't do, but I will read what little I have prepared, and I have only just hit a few high spots. There are a lot of details I could have gone into, but I think that is unnecessary to a bunch of cattle feeders. This seems to be a very inopportune time to try to say anything of profit to the cattle feeder, yet we have found out by mighty dear experi- ence that it is not the most profitable time to prepare for war during war times. While these are not peace times exactly, it might be a good time to take stock of what we are doing. What about the corn that is being piled up on our farms? What about continuing to pile it up another year? What about converting this corn into meat? What aTjout the rotation of crops on our farms? Wouldn't we be considerably ahead in the long run by, instead of going on as many of us are doing today, piling up corn into a visible supply, from fifty- bushels-to-the-acre land, use part of the money we are spending for storage into clover seed, and by so doing lessen the visible supply and instead have an invisible supply of at least twenty bushels to the acre stored up in the fertility of our soil? One crop of clover may not be able to increase our corn yield 40 per cent, but a good crop of clover and plenty of manure will work wonders. But, I think you see the point I wish to make, and that is, while we are unable to make a dollar pay our debts, let alone put anything in the bank, we can with little expense, store up many dollars that we can draw on in the future. These times may drag on for quite a while, but there is a time coming when there will be a reward for every bit of fertility we store up in our soil. With the feeding of beef cattle we may divide the subject into three general classes: The feeding of heavy cattle, the feeding of light or medium cattle, and the feeding of baby beeves. I believe to make the most money each class will require a somewhat different treatment. The man who buys heavy cattle, 1,000 to 1,200 pounds, usually intends to make a fairly quick turn and feeds them accordingly. The price of corn enters into his calculations more than it does into those of the feeder of lighter cattle. He gets them on full feed as soon as he can and puts the corn into them, especially If they come from the short grass country. He will, of course, give them roughness, and maybe cottonseed or oil meal, but they are supposed to have their frame already established, so what they need is fat, and that is in the corn. I do not know that this is the time to talk about the feeding of lighter cattle, 600 to 800 pounds, for I would not be at all surprised if heavy cattle would outsell light cattle during a good part of this year if the statistics on cattle shipped to the country for the last six months are reliable. 37 578 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII However, facts are facts, though figures can lie, and we must take notice of them, so when we find for the twenty years from 1900 to 1920 that the average weight of cattle slaughtered fell from 1,069 to 925 pounds, or a reduction of 144 pounds, and that the dressing weight decreased over 1 per cent; during the same period beef consumption per capita dropped from 107 to 57 pounds, or 50 pounds, with the fact that the consumption of all meats decreased 28 pounds, and in the fact of a decreased produc- tion of all meats during the same period from 248 pounds to 196 pounds, or 52 pounds, it must mean something. Either our people desire a less amount of meat and are manifesting it by buying smaller and cheaper cuts, choosing to get their fats some other way, or that the traffic has been gradually loaded up with so much profit between the producer and the consumer that the consumer tries to get out from under by buying the smaller and leaner cuts. Whether these calculations are correct or not, it seems to me that the corn belt farmers might profit by feeding more light cattle. By using such cattle we can consume more of the roughness during the winter months and more of our pasture during the summer months, thereby keeping our farms in a better state of cultivation. Of course, our aim in feeding these cattle, 600 to 800 pounds, is to keep them going from the time they come on the farm until they leave it. We try to keep the motto before us that unless we can do more for the cattle than the other fellow, we had better leave them alone. They usu- ally buy these cattle in the fall of the year, early September if possible. They can usually be bought cheaper than heavier cattle. They are brought home given a month or so, or as long as the pastures are good, all the pasture they need. They may clean the best out of the corn fields, then they are placed on silage and clover hay, given all the clover hay they will eat and not over twenty pounds of silage for the first two months. Then the silage is gradually increased until at grass time they are getting all the silage they will eat — also about ten pounds of com. We do not let up feeding silage as long as they will clean it up, but after they are on grass and a full feed of corn, then you can let up on silage. In doing this we can get rid of that between hay and grass period when cattle used to stand still for nearly a month. Fly time has never found our cattle unprepared, and when we get hold of a fairly good quality of cattle, we have them in Chicago before August 1, weighing around 1,200 pounds, not a big gain, but these cattle have left the farm considerably better than they found it. Beside helping to feed a few hogs, they have put quite a lot of cheap feed into good beef and helped keep up our rotattion of crops, which is very essential if we ever expect to keep up the price of our land, for which many of us have paid our good money. In the feeding of baby beeves we have still another problem, though much like the heavy cattle in the use of concentrates. They, however, make considerably better use of them. These baby beeves can be made to use quite a lot of silage in their ration for a while. My experience with baby beeves is with those I have raised. We take the cows and calves into the lot and barn, where we have the silage, and feed them practically all PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 579 the silage they will clean up. We do this in order to get the calves eating silage. After about a week or ten days we move these cows into another yard close by so we can let them in to their calves once in a while to ease them. This continues for a couple of weeks, when the calves practically forget their mothers, especially if the calves are given a good feed of silage and oats or oil meal, which is fed twice a day. They have all the clover hay they care to eat. Shelled corn is gradually worked in, but I don't care to get them on a full feed of corn until they are out on grass. From then on it is a matter of constant and watchful attention. They may be mar- keted before, but can be carried on with profit until the International. One of the values of baby beef feeding in our system of farming comes from the mothers using a lot of otherwise unmerchantable feed. Of course, these cows get some silage, but not all they will eat. In the sum- mer they are furnished the best pasture we can afford. The President : I take it there are some of these points you have brought out here that these men would like to develop a little bit more, or some points that you haven't brought out they would like to develop, so we will just throw this open for a few minutes' dis- cussion. Q. I would like to ask Mr. Gunn if he were going to finish up these cattle on a dry lot and not turn them out on grass at all, would he feed them ensilage at the start? A. Well, I think you would finally get better results if you would limit the silage. I might go back a little bit further. My aim in feeding cattle is to feed up my clover hay and keep up our land — we must keep up our land, and we must feed cattle for that purpose, but that may not enter into the elements you have under considera- tion. Q. We have gotten the opinion that silage is not so much of a concentrate — we work as much silage as possible in the fore part of the feed and then finish off on the other concentrates. A. I never fed any cattle in the dry lot in the summer time. I cannot tell you about that. My cattle are always finished up on grass. I never fed any in a dry lot in the summer time. We have a lot of pasture and we try to make use of it. Q. Do you raise all of your own calves that you feed, Mr. Gunn? A. Mostly, yes ; I sometimes pick up some. Q. Just in the neighborhood ? A. Yes, just in the neighborhood; but I have never shipped any calves in from the central markets, and I don't know how to handle them, at all. Q. What kind do you raise — white-face? 580 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII A. I might start an argument here — I have good ones — any good beef type. I found this true, the Hereford or Angus — it is prob- ably more true of the Angus — you may have them ready for market by the first of July, and you can go on with them and keep them going and they will be ready for market at the International, and they will make gains all the time. I don't know whether that is true with other cattle or not, but I rather think it is, but the Short- horn wants to get its growth and then go on and finish it up. Q. I would like to ask Mr. Gunn if he ever had any experience in feeding silage with grass to fat cattle? A. Not with grass ; I shut the silage off. They shut it off them- selves if you get them on full feed of grass, I find they shut it ofif themselves. Q. Don't you think it is more economical to have smaller pas- ture and feed silage in connection with it? A. If we had a small pasture they would feed it down closer. My pastures are large, and they have all that they want to eat. Q. I think the time is coming when silage is so much cheaper than pasture that a man can't afiford to have large pastures, and it gives them a variety of feeds. A. I don't think that silage is a very cheap feed. It costs me mighty near a dollar a ton — at least it did the last couple of years — to put it in the silo, and you figure your corn is sixty bushels to the acre, and you may get eight tons to the acre. I can't consider that a very cheap feed, Q. Do you have blue grass pasture? A. Yes. Q. It is not suitable for farming? A. No, sir. Q. Don't you think a sixty-bushel corn crop will produce a little more than eight tons of silage? A. No, I don't think so. This year it would not. I put in corn this year that I don't believe made over seven tons to the acre, and I know it would have made sixty bushels — not many leaves on it, but it was big ears. Of course, the corn I put in was the second crop — that is, it had been sodded the year before and this was the second crop. I don't believe it would make over that, because I put sixty acres of corn (you can figure it out for yourself) in one silo — one silo is 20x40, the other is 18x36 and the other one is about 19x40. I just figured that I didn't get much over seven tons in there by the time it has settled down. The first one settled down PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 581 until — I have opened two of the silos and I can tell you about what was in them. The first one I mentioned, 20x40, settled down nine feet ; the next settled, well, it would be pretty nearly the same, about nine feet, and the third one, the small one, I haven't opened yet, but I f.gure it has settled about the same as the other, and I put sixty acres of very good corn in them. Q. These heavy cattle that you are talking about, when do you plan to have them in the market? These cattle that are 1,200 pounds now, that come off the pasture good and fat, that are fed lots of corn and alfalfa and lots of straw and everything to go with it, when do you plan to have them go on the market ? A. Your idea is to make — Q. I want your idea. A. I will give you my experience. My experience has been to feed those cattle. My main business is feeding light cattle. I carry them from September on until — whenever I can market them. I may pick up heavy cattle in between, but I don't figure on keeping those heavy cattle very long. I give them a quick feed and send them along, maybe, about the first of the year. Q. They are just now off pasture — second grass pasture? A. You have asked something that I never do. I would be getting out of my sphere when you ask about that. I suppose I would feed them until they got fat or until the market suited me, Q. Do you feed much oil meal at $40 a ton now? A. Do you mean linseed oil meal? Q. Yes. A. I wouldn't give them very much with corn as cheap as it is. I don't think they need it, if you give them a lot of clover hay. Q. Do you give them any molasses on their corn to sweeten it? A. No, sir; I wouldn't. Q. Even at $28 a ton for molasses ? A. No, I don't think it is worth that. I have got some at home there that is in barrels and has been there for a couple of years, and it didn't cost me that, and I am not using it ; I don't think it is worth using. The only way it is worth using is to bore a hole in the barrel and set it over a trough and let the pigs lick it up. Q. What do you figure that your calves cost you at weaning time? The cost of the cow and the interest and the keep of the bull and everything? A. I try to get that down to about $30. I don't believe I can get them below that, and that is the reason I said I didn't feed them 582 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII all of the silage they would eat. I want that old cow to come through on pretty cheap feed, if she has to, to get that calf below $30. Q. How old would he be at weaning time? A. I usually have them come along in May — at any time from April to June, but I try to have them all, all of these calves, castrated before hot weather. I don't feed very many heifer calves ; I cut out the steer calves. I replenish my herd with the heifer calves. Q. What do you do with the heifer calves? A. I keep them for breeding purposes and keep the older ones going to market. Q. Out of 100 breeding cows, how many calves can you depend on raising a year? A. On an average, my experience has been from 90 to 100 — that is, 90 calves to 100 cows. I have even had 100 per cent, but that was unusual ; two cows had twins, and they ran it up. but I know on one bunch I had 100 per cent, but 90 per cent would be a very good average. Q. Have any troubles with contagious abortion ? A. No, I never had anything to do with that. Q. Steers that you wanted to run on grass next summer with- out corn, you would suggest not feeding them too heavily on silage this winter? A. That is my experience — they would not make the gain on the grass. Q. If you didn't have the clover, would you feed them some other kind of roughage? A. That is my experience ; I would feed them roughage. I have bought bulls where they were kept shut up, and it would take you pretty nearly a year to get those bulls to the point where they will feed in the pasture. Q. In raising these calves at $30 at weaning time, what elements have you put in there and what figures of cost? A. The price or rental of pasture land, the silage that they eat. I don't count very much for the roughness they eat, because usually my cows are around straw stacks, and if I have clover I thresh out the clover seed and that makes good feed. They are simply scav- engers for the place, and I charge up pasture, and that is quite an expensive affair, so that I have to cheapen it up on the other. You cannot give them three tons of silage and figure that you get them through at $30. PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 5S3 The President: I think, gentlemen, we will have to close this discussion at this time. The next speaker on our program is Mr. L. A. Andrew, who is president of the Iowa Farm Credit Corpora- tion, and formerly president of the Iowa Bankers' Association. Mr. Andrew has been before former conventions and meetings of this kind on a number of occasions, and I think it is hardly worth while for me to introduce him in the ordinary way, as most of you know of Mr. Andrew, if you haven't met him personally. So at this time I will introduce Mr. Andrew for a talk on "Farm Finances." FARM FINANCES L. A. Andrew. Mr. Chairman and Members of the Corn Belt Meat Producers' Associa- tion: I am very glad to be here today, because the bankers of Iowa have had a direct personal interest in the Corn Belt Meat Producers' Associa- tion for quite a few years. You men throughout the state of Iowa are large users of credit. It is you men who have built up Iowa farms. You are men who have a fundamental idea that Iowa land is not going to last for- ever if it is being mined, and the rest of the people are going to get that idea before many years. I was talking with a farmer from Scotland the other day and he said he couldn't understand Iowa; the greatest thing he found over here was not our farm equipment, our farm buildings, as won- derful as they were, nor farm implements, or anything of that kind, but our farm land. He said before they started a crop over there they had to use so much fertilizer that it took practically half of the proceeds of that crop to pay for the fertilizer, and here, he said, you don't seem to pay any attention to the land, at all, just keeping on putting in crop after crop; but there is an end to that and you men who run farms where feed- ing is done extensively, are the ones who are building up Iowa land. The bankers of the state have their difficulties, too, which in the main is probably best illustrated by this story — it is a banker's story and copy- righted: It seems that a Spencer banker came to Des Moines a few weeks ago and in going by a dark alley he was attacked by a yegg. The banker was quite husky and they fought up and down the street for a time, and finally the yegg hit the banker on the head with a billy and he went down. In going through the banker's pockets the yegg found an Ingersoll watch and 37 cents. Since this happened in Des Moines, the yegg sat down and waited for the banker to come to. When he regained conscious- ness, he sat up and rubbed the dirt and blood out of his eyes, spat out a tooth or two, and then noticing the yegg sitting there he said, "Well, you got all of my money, didn't you?" "Yes," replied the yegg, "I got all your money and your watch, but I just wanted to know why in hell you put up such a fight for 37 cents and an Ingersoll watch?" And the banker said, "It's because I didn't w^ant to reveal my financial condition." (Laughter.) One other copyrighted story that I want to get off my chest is of a scene laid at Red Oak. The president of a private bank was attending a po- litical convention and he was surprised to find, when he looked out over 584 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII the crowd, that the vice-president was also there. When he got to him he said,. "Did you leave the bank, too?" and the vice-president said yes, but that the cashier was there and that was enough to run the bank these times. He walked on a little farther and ran into the cashier, and then there was something doing, and they wanted to know why the dickens he had come away and left that bank all alone, and the cashier replied, "Why, I thought the vice-president was going to be there; I didn't have any idea he would come too; I'm a delegate to this convention, but you men ought to have stayed home." The president was kind of worried for a while, but finally his face brightened up and he said, "Tom, there's nothing to worry about; you locked the safe before you came, didn't you, and we are all three here." (Laughter.) Now, gentlemen, it is well enough to smile a few times these days, be- cause we have many things to bother us in a financial way, particularly, which do not provoke smiles, but we do not get anywhere by being too pessimistic. It is the man who tightens up his belt and goes after things that gets things, not the man who sits around and says that things are going to the dogs, and he is done for and everything else is done for, be- cause it is going to take a lot of close figuring and hard work for Iowa to pull out of the situation she is in. There are many things that are going to combine to help us. There are many things that combined to put us where we are. The bankers and the farmers of this state have a big job ahead of them; they have got to work; they have got to help each other more than they have ever done before, and one thing that they must have is supplemental credit for both the farmers of this state and the bankers, and that is the thing that I have come here to talk to you about this morning. We are interested in this, and people all over the state of Iowa are inter- ested in the matter of supplemental credit for the Iowa farmers and the Iowa banks. Now, perhaps we had better discuss this subject by starting right in the beginning of it. If you are interested in a thing, you would like to know how things happened and what you expect to do, and I am now referring directly to the Iowa Bankers' Association. As I finished my term as president of the Iowa Bankers' Association we had just finished two years of the greatest prosperity that Iowa had ever seen. We had just had poured into Iowa two billion dollars for the two crops — a sum unprec- edented in the state. We had gone through a period of prosperity which some people thought would keep on forever; we were buying everything, and if we didn't have the money we gave our note, and he got what he wanted on his paper; but now it is pay time and we are cleaning it up. The period of deflation was commencing last year. In May of 1920, or June, we were trying to get cars for Iowa, and fifteen organizations had joined together — we all joined together to try to get cars for this state to help move the products from the farm and factory. It is hard for us to realize that in a year and five months we have gone through this fearful period of deflation. It soon became evident we were in for a serious time, and, as far as the bankers were concerned, they found out they would have to work in very close co-operation with the farmers of this state, and they did so, and they were met more than half way. It went along in this PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 585 period of summer and early fall, with this rapid deflation going on, and much unrest arose because farmers were being asked to liquidate their indebtedness on a declining market, which was at that time one-half what it had been in May and April, and so there was a great deal of uneasiness and much unrest, and it seemed in the early part of November to put on a series of banker-farmer conferences to see what was ailing everybody and see what both sides would say about it — the first was at Waterloo, the second at Fort Dodge, the third at Red Oak and the fourth at Ottumwa. They were a wonderful success. The agricultural papers east and west said they were the most successful meetings held in this country, because they gave each side the view of the other, and much good resulted. I want to say in interlude here that the only trouble we had we started out with the idea that we might have a little argument between the bankers and the farmers, and we took all precautions necessary to settle any argument that might arise between farmers and bankers, but the only real argu- ment we had in all the meetings was one between a grain farmer and a stock man down at Red Oak. One of them got up and said there's no use talking about it, that the meat producers, the corn feeders, were respon- sible for the good price of corn, anyway, and that the fellows that just produced the corn depended on them entirely, and then the other fellow came back and said you fellows couldn't furnish the live stock if we didn't furnish the grain, and that started it off, and that was the only real argu- ment we had at any of those meetings. After those meetings were held the officers of the Farm Bureau Federation came to the Iowa Bankers' Association and said that farm finance plans had been presented to the farmers of this state and they felt that something should be done to put forward a plan of farm finance that could be recommended and would be of help, and asked our co-operation in formulating such an institution. We received that in the spirit that it was given. We felt that it was a real need, and so a. committee was appointed and we visited New York, Chi- cago, Washington, Boston, and all of the places where rediscount agencies for industries had made a success and we studied their plans. We found in other cities than those mentioned rediscount corporations which had made a great success of handling credits of various lines of industry. At Washington we found several men whcj had made a lifetime study of farm credits, and we got many valuable pointers from him. At Chicago the presidents of the five leading banks gave us considerable time in talking it over. At Ames we found two or three men who had good ideas to help. We put all of these 'ideas together and out of it came the Iowa Farm Credit Corporation. We gave this plan to the Farm Bureau Federation and it was accepted. They called in their legislative committee and their attorney to prepare the bills necessary to go through the legislature, which they found were necessary. These bills were prepared and our legislative committee was brought in, and they adopted these plans as theirs, and so through the legislature these two big organizations worked side by side helping to put into law the best piece of legislation that any state has had on its statute books in the line of sound farming legislation. These bills were four in number. First was the bill to create a state licensing of ele- vators; second, a bill permitting the formulation of co-operative farmers' 586 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII associations; third was a bill to create a change in our incorpoartion laws making possible the formation of this Iowa Farm Credit Corporation, and, fourth, a bill permitting state banks, savings banks and trust companies to invest a certain per cent of their funds in the stock of this Farm Credit Corporation. These bills were all referred to committees, every safe- guard possible was put around them, and finally in both house and senate they were passed unanimously — there wasn't a vote against them. After the bills were signed by the governor, the Farm Bureau sent word to us to go ahead and form this great corporation. I called in the executive council of the Bankers' Association and went to work on the proposition, and we appointed a committee and the Farm Bureau appointed a commit- tee, and those committees worked together for six weeks going over these various plans, and finally on June 8 of this year the articles of incorpora- tion were filed with the auditor of state. Now, how will this corporation benefit the farmers of Iowa? Under the law we can take only one class of paper, and that is farm paper. We cannot take manufacturers' paper or store paper or anybody else's paper — but only farm paper. And that paper is divided up into four different classes: First — We can take the note of any Iowa farmer which is secured by a warehouse receipt for grain or other farm products. Second — We can take a note secured by a chattel mortgage on live stock, and endorsed by any Iowa bank. That classification takes in a large class of paper. Third — We can take a note secured by a first mortgage on Iowa farm land, and endorsed by an Iowa bank. Fourth — We can take paper secured by any collateral which is accept- able under the Iowa banking law. After we have invested as much capital as seems wise in those classes of farm paper, we have a right to trust-deed these notes and issue deben- ture bonds, and these debenture bonds may be sold in this state, as well as other states, thus creating a large investment fund which will amount to twenty million dollars on each million dollars of capital. The Farm Credit Corporation will be a larger rediscount corporation for the benefit of the farmers of this state and the banks of this state, and it will do several things. Perhaps you men do not know — you ought to know — that the class of farm paper in this state today is not subject to rediscount. It is a serious thing; it affects you directly; it affects the farmer of this state, and it affects the banker of this state. I will give you two examples: Sup- pose you own 320 acres of land free and clear of all liens and incum- brances, and you want to put a corn crop on that farm, or put tiling in that farm to increase its fertility, or send your boy to college, and you go into the bank that is a member of the Federal Reserve System and want to borrow $1,000 and if that bank has to rediscount that note with the Federal Reserve bank in order to make the loan, he cannot make it, because that note is not subject to rediscount. Suppose you have $20,000 first-farm mortgage in your possession. We, here in Iowa, think there is nothing better than a first farm mortgage, and we are right, and the rest of the people will find it out a little later. Supposing a man has a $20,000 PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 587 first farm mortgage well worth the money and he wants to borrow $1,000 and puts up his note as security. If the bank has to rediscount that note in order to make the loan, it cannot take it, because it is not subject to rediscount. One of the main troubles of Iowa has been that some people have thought that we can pay our indebtedness on quick assets. There is another serious thing for Iowa farmers to think about. Iowa farm busi- ness cannot be paid on quick assets. They tried to make us do it, and it pretty nearly broke a lot of good Iowa farmers, and pretty nearly broke a lot of good Iowa banks, and if that deflation had not been stopped I don't know what might have happened. The farming business is so com- plex, so diversified, it requires so much capital, that a man must borrow more money to run that business on than he can pay by the sale of his quick assets, and that is a rule of rediscount at the present time. Another thing that we have got to consider in these times. Iowa farm- ers carry indebtedness entirely through commercial banks. There is no other line of industry requiring a large amount of capital which does that. In the last fourteen months, particularly, you have noticed in the papers a large turning-over of manufacturers' and other lines of industrial paper from the commercial banking field to the investment banking field. That is something that we must give thought. You and I in this room are to- gether, and the man who doesn't give thought to his business in a year or two will drop by the wayside. For instance, you cannot do any good to the Iowa farmer by loaning him money for fifteen, twenty, thirty or sixty days, and the great majority, or the general average, rather, of notes in the Chicago Federal Reserve Bank was for a period of eighteen days. That is, they make a lower rate for notes maturing in fifteen days than for thirty, etc., and the great mass of the paper was for the short term. But the farmer has got to have longer than ninety-day paper; he has got to have six-month paper and one-year paper. In the banking business, our first obligation is to depositors. We must keep our loans in such shape that we can pay as the depositor asks for it, and we cannot do that by putting in a large volume of what we call frozen assets, and that is the cause of our main trouble today — that the bankers of Iowa have in their vaults a large amount of frozen assets. How did it accumulate? We have been taking notes of Iowa farmers with large equities in their farms for six months; we knew that they couldn't pay it in six months, and the farmers knew they couldn't pay it in six months, and that has been going on all over the state and there has been a large volume amounting to hundreds of millions of dollars accumulated in Iowa banks. These frozen assets cannot be realized on, and they have tied up the banks, and deposits have been coming on. What has been the result? The majority of the banks have had to borrow large amounts of money. They couldn't realize on this class of paper. There ought to be a place to put that paper and put it into an investment field where there is no demand to be met. I think if you give this thought, you will see there is something to it. If you give a note to a commercial bank, this bank must collect that note when the demand is made for that money. This corporation will take a large class of paper which should not be in a commercial bank and put it into an investment banking field, and in this way take care of Iowa farm- 588 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII ing business as it has not been taken care of before, and stop this demand for liquidation at times when it is hardest to liquidate — liquidation is al- ways demanded at a time you do not want to liquidate. Have you ever noticed that, you older men and younger men? Why? Because that is the time that the bank is having demand for their stocks, and that is the time that they make demand on you to pay your notes if you possibly can, and that is what creates the trouble. If we can take Iowa farm paper and put it in the investment field we have done a great service for this state. Remember these few points: You cannot liquidate Iowa farm indebted- ness on quick assets; second, you must get out of the commercial banking field in this state with a large volume of the farm paper which belongs in the investment field; and, third, to try to create in this state a market for good, sound investment paper to take care of this everlasting flow of money going out of Iowa for investment. At the present time there are 21 men working in this state, as we are sitting here, selling securities to Iowa people from outside of the state, even as hard up as we are, and you would be surprised if you have any knowledge of it how fertile a field Iowa is considered. One corporation in this state selling securities from outside of the state has eleven branch oflices in Iowa and around fifty-six or fifty-seven men working in the state. Another large corporation from New York has a large branch oflice in this state with eighteen men work- ing all the time. In February of last year there was an issue of one billion dollars of government bonds brought out, and the manager of one of these officers told me that their institution had sold three million dollars' worth of Belgian government bonds in the eastern part of the state in two weeks. We bankers know that every week large quantities of money go out of the state for investment, and the sad part of it is that we haven't had the sense to try to direct that investment into proper channels. It has always been the idea of the banker to keep all of the money in the bank that he could, and if a man came to him and said, "I have two or three thousand dollars on deposit with you and I want to ask your advice about such-and- such an investment," and you give him the time-worn advice, "You may want to use it in three or four months, and if you invest it you won't have it," and many a time we chuckle to ourselves with the thought that we had changed his mind, but in two or three weeks we get a check back for some Texas old stock, a California fruit ranch, or some other equally dis- tant place, and then the saddest thing is that the money he sent out there very seldom finds its way back. We bankers are going to get some sense in this matter as well as the farmers, because it is a mighty dull man that doesn't get some really constructive ideas out of a thing like this, and we are going to do something to help our customers invest their money wisely, and that will make a market for the paper we put out. We haven't in the past had any real good paper to present to our customers, except farm mortgages and county bonds, and they are in such form as not to be suitable as to length of time. We will make loans for ninety days, four, six, nine months or a year; we will sell debentures for the same length of time. We will have a first mortgage department which will take care of farm loans for five and ten-year periods, so that we will be able to take care of an Iowa investor from $100 up, and for any time from three months PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 5S9 to ten years, and it is the first time that a good Iowa investment can be offered to the people for any time that they want it. So that we expect to build up in this state a large investment market for our bonds and at the same time do the state a great service, because that is a serious thing to have so much money going out of Iowa for outside investment. Now, gentlemen, we have a direct service to perform, and we believe that we have the machineiy necessary to do it. We can commence to operate when we have one million dollars of paid-up capital. We have now about six hundred thousand dollars, and we are very anxious to complete that one million dollars for a number of reasons: We have been promised co-operation in this state from the War Finance Corporation, which will be very valuable. Mr. Cunningham, of the Farm Bureau, was in Washing- ton very recently and they said several things to him of which we are very proud, and I want to give you that message. Ed went through Washington on his way to Atlanta to attend the meeting of the American Farm Bureau Federation, and while there wired us to send copy of our articles of incor- poration to him, which we did, and on his way back home he had a con- ference with the ofiicers of the War Finance Corporation, which was held in the great treasury building in Washington. Can I visualize to you for a minute this meeting in the old treasury building in Washington, stand- ing there at the head of Pennsylvania avenue, just a short distance from the White House? In this building is stored the greatest accumulation of gold in the world, and in this same building was done the financing of our operations during the war, as well as our allies. In this old building, and in this particular room where the War Finance Corporation held its meet- ings during the war, this conference met around a big table, the corpora- tion represented by their attorney, Senator Kenyon and Ed Cunningham representing the Iowa farmers. Quite a scene. The meeting was called to order by the chairman, and Eugene Meyer, Jr., was asked by Senator Kenyon if they had looked over the articles of incorporation of the Iowa corporation, and he replied, "Yes, we have, and I want to say that the plans of the Iowa Farm Credit Corporation are the most satisfactory and best that we have yet seen." (Applause.) Then Mr. Angus McLean, an investment banker who has handled hundreds of millions of dollars' worth of bonds, got up and said, "Mr. Chairman, I have looked over the articles of this corporation, particularly with regard to their debenture bonds, and I want to say that there has been no better class of investment placed before us for investment than those offered by the Iowa Farm Credit Cor- poration." And then they promised Mr. Cunningham that they would take from ten to twenty million dollars' worth of bonds just as soon as we are ready to do business. Therefore we are anxious to get this sub- scribed so that we can get started and take advantage of this offer, and this was the first direct offer, they told Mr. Cunningham, that the corpora- tion made, of the many hundreds who come to them every week to make loans. The War Finance Corporation is the only institution which has a large volume of money to loan in the United States, and they said that of all of the hundreds of proposals presented to them this was the only one in which they had made a direct promise. So that is the principal reason we are in a hurry to get this corporation functioning. We are a perma- 590 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII nent organization at the present time; we are incorporated under the laws of Iowa, the stock is all of one kind, it has an equal vote, it has no other liability except the payment of the first subscription, and you don't have any personal liability under the stock, and every plan and every safeguard that could be put around it was put around it for the safeguard- ing of the investor. There are one or two things that we must consider in this crisis that we are passing through, because it is a real crisis, gentlemen, I don't believe any man in this room has seen any worse times, or more serious times, than we have now, or have been during the past six months, and I believe that we have seen the worst of it; but don't anybody believe that we are in for a quick reversal, that we are going to have good times im- mediately, because that would be foolish. We have turned the corner, but we are in for a long, hard pull up the hill, and every man if he is wise wants to recognize that fact and adjust his business to that kind of pro- gram. But he can believe, I think, with all good judgment that we are over the worst of it and it is going to be a good long, hard climb back to normalcy, but things are getting better gradually. Money is a good deal easier in the east than it is here because business is slow and industry shut down, and that affects much money. The main thing that affects Iowa is this one thing. It doesn't make any difference to us what the price of cotton or steel is, so long as we have low prices on Iowa products of the farm, as we have them today. The only thing that is going to bring back prosperity to this state, or that is going to enable farmers to do what is necessary, is to have a return of farm product prices somewhere near the cost of production, and I am one who believes that we never will have any return of normal times in this state, or much betterment, until we have an increase in price, because we depend entirely upon the prosperity of the farmer for our prosperity here in Iowa, and every man in Iowa depends entirely on the prosperity of the farm as to whether he makes money or not. We must look at things in as direct a way as possible, and there is going to be a time for the next few years that will require the best degree of thought and action that any man in this room can give his business. There is going to be a shaking out all over Iowa of some mighty good men, and it is too bad. There are some men who have given a lifetime of labor in Iowa to the accumulation of sufficient capital to buy a farm, who will drop by the wayside. It is a tragic time for them, and it is a tragic time for the state. There are hundreds of young men who have tried to get a foothold in Iowa farming who are going to lose everything they have put in. I feel a good deal worse for the man 60 years old, who has worked a lifetime to accumulate 160 acres clear, and during the boom he bought 240 at inflated prices, and now he has both propositions on his hands, and in many cases both are wiped out. That is a real tragedy. But, after all these things are said and done and the field is clear, we have got to work back, and we will work back, because Iowa people have that reputa- tion. This country can come back mighty fast if they will give us a de- cent price for our products, and it won't take very long to do it. Now, in closing, and before I extend the opportunity to ask questions, I want to bring just two or three things home to you. Look at these things PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 591 selfishly if you wish, because we are all selfish creatures, but some time ago I was in Washington in the interest of some legislation and I said to a congressman, "I wish you would support this bill, because it is a real good bill," and he said, "Andrews, would that be of benefit to me in my district?" I said, "Yes, sir, it would be of direct benefit to you, because the bankers want it and they are pretty good men to have around on elec- tion day." And then he coughed again quite deeply and wanted to know if I thought it would be a benefit to the party in Iowa, and I said yes, it was a pretty good bill for them, and then he coughed three times and in a low voice said, "The bill has merit, and it would be a real good thing for the country, would it not?" (Laughter.) That is the way a good many politicians think about affairs, and we have cataloged them in the same way. Let us look at the situation in Iowa from a selfish standpoint, and then for the State. In order to help ourselves and help Iowa, we have got to do everything possible for better farming financing in this state. That is of direct personal interest to every man in this room, and, further than that, it has a direct personal interest to your state. Why? Because Iowa has had the reputation for many years of being the very most conserva- tive state in this L^nion in a farming way. It was just a few years ago that we had two members in the president's cabinet, two speakers of the house, Allison, the chairman of the leading committee in the senate, and incomparable DoUiver, chairman of the second committee in the senate. Back in that day every man and woman in Iowa was proud of the state for the great standing we had directly in the affairs of the nation. That was a personal triumph for Iowa, but since that time we have kept that posi- tion— not having so many men in prominence in the political life in Wash- ington, perhaps, but Iowa has always been the leading state for everything of conservative strength and having the class of farmers and business men who kept it that way. We have a situation in this state which will breed a radical element. We have elements here at work which we haven't any idea will show as much strength as they will. Before grass gets green again in this country we are going to have infiuences brought to bear on rights of private property which will make us fearful, and it will be the same in this state before we get out of these troublesome times. And so the real strength of Iowa is in its strong, conservative men and women working together for the good of the state, and by working to- gether we will soon have a bright sun arising again and it will be the sun of prosperity, it will be the sun of good times in this state brought along by a co-operation between the various business interests of this state, by a real partnership of the farmers and the bankers. I thank you I (Applause.) The President: Are there any questions you care to ask? Q. What interest will those debenture bonds bear? A. The interest will be entirely governed by the market rate, of couse, and they will vary from month to month. Q. Then this is really a rediscount proposition? A. In the main, ves. 592 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII Q. What will be the probable rate? Make us a guess. A. At the present time, the rate, on the plan we have with the War Finance Corporation, will be 6 and 6^ per cent on loans we take. Q. Is there any commission on that ? A. No ; no commission. Q. You take a rediscount alone? A. We take it with the banks. Q. On a chattel mortgage or real estate or straight farmer's note, what will be the interest on the long-time, farm-secured note? A. At the present time, all over Iowa, it is on a 6^^ and 2 basis, and we follow the market, of course. Q. What do you mean by a farmer's note — just a farmer's note endorsed? A. Yes. Q. And when can it be paid off? A. At any interest time. Please take into consideration the two different classes of business we will have. Q. Does that refer to farm land loans? A. That is only paper. That is a side issue with us. Our main business is with farm paper. Q. Will the rate you quoted, 6^^ and 2, apply to paper? A. That is the general going rate in Iowa on farm loans if you can get any money. Q. What commission would that be? A. On paper? Q, Yes. A. That depends on the different locahties. Do you mean in- vestment paper ? Q. Yes. A. Probably one-half or one-fourth of one per cent. Q. Do you think that these tax-free securities had something to do with the advance in the rate for farm mortgage loans? A. Yes, I do. Q. About how much? A. It is hard to tell, gentlemen. There has been a lot of things at work on this proposition, and the main influence today is the large amount of policy loans which the insurance companies are being asked to make for their policyholders. I understand that three of the large insurance companies are borrowing money to lend on their policies. PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 593 Q. What is your attitude toward these tax-free securities? A. That is a personal matter that doesn't interest the crowd here. Q. I mean your company ? A. We won't take any stand on the proposition. As a personal matter, I think there are too many of them. If you shut off the tax- free feature, you will have to pay more interest for your towns and counties to get money. Q. Maybe we wouldn't spend so much then. A. That would be a good thing, then, if you didn't spend so much. Q. I would like to ask how a man could finance himself in se- curing young stock. Would he have to give a mortgage on his stock? If he should, suppose in the meantime that stock should probably be changed two or three times. Do you have to pay off one mortgage when you sell your stock and then get a new loan or can you extend that over a given period of time ? A. Now, you know that as well as I do, I think. You know that is a feature of the banking business in this state; that is very intricate and has been the cause of great loss, not only to the men who borrow but the banks that lend. For that reason, we have decided, so far as the present management of this company is con- cerned, that loans on live stock of that kind must be made through the bank, because loans of that kind, to be safe and conservative — and that is the kind of company we will be — must have men close to it to keep track of it. I have loaned several hundred thousand dollars on live stock, and, believe me, I could tell you stories until midnight of what we have to go through on that proposition, and some of you men have had actual experience on the other end. In the past two years the banks of this state have taken large loss, and the men who bought the cattle have taken large losses. I regard the cattle-feeding business as a profession. One man you could safely lend to for feeding purposes, while his neighbor, as good a moral risk as the other, would not be such a good proposition. I have loaned money to two men on adjoining farms, and each of them has put in two or three loads of steers on his farm, and one of them has made money while the other one has lost, and they are good grain farmers. The cattle-feeding business is a profession; you can not pick it up over night, and you can not go into it and make money the first year; it is going to be an expensive lesson for somebody to get a man started. That is one of the great troubles 38 594 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII in that line of business, a man has got to be brought up and bred in the business, I beHeve. The President: If there are no further questions, we will con- tinue with our program. Mr. McPherrin : I happen to have a clipping in my hand which I believe everybody is interested in, and if the president wall glance at it he will get its contents and can then have the secretary read it. It appealed to me very strongly as something that we might take action on. The President : Yes, this is very interesting. This seems to be a resolution, as I take it, passed by the Guthrie County Farm Bureau. It seems to me that this is perfectly in line with our ideas so far as that is concerned, I am sure. Nobody would object to it, but, of course, according to our rules it should go through the committee on resolutions, Mr. McPherrin, and I think that should be proper. I will just turn it over to the chairman of that comniit- tee, and I am sure that they will be glad to endorse it, and after the committee makes its report this may be brought up if it is not contained in their report. Mr. McPherrin : It appealed to me so strongly I thought I would like to have some thought given to it. The President : I am in perfect harmony and sympathy with the sentiment expressed in the resolutions ; but, of course, would not want to go back on the ruling and the precedent that has been followed by this organization all these years in regard to bringing resolutions out in this way, and I think it would be a very bad precedent to set at this time. (Short recess taken while Federated Co-operative Shippers re- tired from the hall.) Th President: If you will come to order now, we will pro- ceed with the business part of our meeting. I think at this time we w^ill just as well listen to the report of the treasurer, Mr. Goode- now. PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 595 TREASURER'S REPORT— 1921. Receipts for the year $5,716.00 Disbursements — Bank collection fees $ 30.90 Refund to county associations 9.64 Directors' expenses 155.87 Expenses of delegates to Washington, Chicago and Des Moines - ."-- 269.54 Stamps, printing, stationery, etc 1,163.28 Bond for treasurer 15.00 Annual meeting 314.04 Over-payment of dues 15.00 C. L. Harlan, salary and expenses 2,239.80 President's salary and expenses 2,990.38 Marilla Goodenow, assistant secretary 600.00 Secretary's office - 250.00 American National Live Stock Association 100.00 T. W. Tomlinson 100.00 Total $8,203.45 Balance on hand. 4,489.43 I will now call for the report of the auditing committee which audited the books and accounts of the treasurer. Charles Cessna: In the absence of our chairman, Mr. Dawson, I have been asked to read this report : To the Corn Belt Meat Producers' Association: We, the Auditing Com- mittee of the Corn Belt Meat Producers' Association, have examined the accounts of the secretary and treasurer and found them correct. W. P. DAWSON, Chairman. F. C. CESSNA. D. W. MOTT. Motion made, seconded and unanimously adopted that the re- port be accepted and placed on file. The President: We will now listen to the report of the com- mittee on resolutions. 596 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII RESOLUTIONS OF THE CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSOCIATION December 14, 1921. 1. We favor a continued organized campaign to increase meat consump- tion and to that end pledge our support to the principles of the proposed National Live Stock and Meat Board. 2. Since there is prospect of a great increase in hogs in 1922 we call on the National Live Stotk and Meat Board, the packers, the daily press, and the United States Department of Agriculture to increase the consumption of pork products at home and abroad. 3. We express our approval and pledge our support to the efforts of the producers to handle the shipment and selling of live stock through co- operative agencies and urge that all such organizations secure the great- est strength and benefit by uniting their efforts to the greatest degree possible. 4. To Senators Kenyon and Kendrick and to all others who have helped in the passage of packer and stock yards control legislation, we express our deep appreciation for their valuable efforts. 5. We reafiirm our resolution of last year "demanding of congress the enactment of such legislation as may be necessary to assure to the farm- ers of the nation the full, free and unrestricted right to bargain collective- ly for the marketing and sale of their crops." 6. Whereas the just claims and needs of our great agricultural industry call for intelligent, sympathetic and systematic study and support in con- gress ; Resolved, That the Corn Belt Meat Producers' Association express its endorsement of the so-called "agrarian bloc," commend their past efforts on the farmers' behalf and urge them to continue this helpful effort in the future. 7. We commend the selection of Mr. Henry C. Wallace as Secretary of Agriculture and express our high appreciation of the outstanding service he is rendering the agricultural industry in this high ofiice. 8. We protest most emphatically against any and all proposals to limit the sphere of the United States Department of Agriculture by the removal of the Bureau of Markets and Crop Estimates, the Forest Service, or other divisions of its work to any other department. 9. We endorse the efforts being made to provide the farmer with more adequate credit facilities and urge all local bankers to use the War Finance Corporation as fully as possible during this emergency. As a permanent agency to render similar service in the future, we endorse the Iowa Farm Credit Corporation. 10. We favor amendment to the Federal Reseiwe act providing for rep- resentation on the Federal Reserve Board of agriculture, industry, finance and labor according to their relative importance. 11. We advocate the repeal of the Adamson law and the amendment of the Cummins-Esch law so as to permit the consolidation of the Railway Labor Board with the Interstate Commerce Commission, and protest against the present valuation of the railroads as a basis for rate making. 12. We are in full accord with the movement under way to prevent the PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 597 shifting of the tax burden from the railroads of the state onto the owner of farm land, and commend the work of our governor and the Iowa Farm Bureau Federation toward adjusting this matter. 13. We call upon all taxing and public spending bodies in the state to exert the utmost economy with public funds and to hold down tax levies to the lowest figure possible. 14. We give our active support to the campaign being started by the Iowa Farm Bureau Federation, the Illinois Agricultural Association and other organizations looking to a reduction of 20 per cent in the corn acre- age in 1922 and the substitution of non-competitive crops such as clover, soybeans and other legumes. 15. We endorse President Harding's proposal for the purchase of ten million bushels of corn for the relief of starving countries abroad. 16. We urge upon congress such measures as will enable the United States to join with Canada in providing us with economical water trans- portation through the St. Lawrence-Great Lakes waterway project. 17. We express to Professor John M. Evvard our profound regret at his absence from our meeting, our sympathy in his illness, and our best wishes for his prompt recovery. The President : What will you do with the resolutions, gen- tlemen ? Motion made, seconded and unanimously carried that the reso- lutions be adopted. Motion made, seconded and unanimously carried that copies of these resolutions be sent to all Iowa members of congress. The President : This brings us up, I believe, to the election of officers, gentlemen. What is your pleasure? Motion made, seconded and unanimously adopted that the con- vention proceed to the election of officers. Officers were elected as follows : President — A. Sykes of Ida Grove. Vice president — R. M. Gunn of Buckingham. Secretary — H. A. Wallace of Des Moines. Treasurer — Charles Goodenow of Wall Lake. Directors from even numbered districts — Second district, E. D. Baird of North English ; fourth district, Wm. Larrabee of Cler- mont ; sixth district, Charles Cessna of Grinnell ; eighth district, George W. Swan of Creston; tenth district, Fred J. Bauer of Paton. ADDRESS OF A. SYKES, President of Corn Belt Meat Producers' Association, Before the Agricul- tural Conference at Washington, Called by Secretary Wallace, Jan. 23, 1922. Speaking for the farmers and cattle feeders of the corn belt, I wish to say that today they are in worse condition financially than they have ever 598 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII been in before. For forty years I have been connected with farming, and I have passed through many panics and depressions, but never have I seen the farmer's purchasing power rdeuced to its present level. To this conference I can truthfully state that I have never seen such a helpless condition prevailing among such a large percentage of our farmers in the great corn belt as during the past year. Our present hard condition is not due to any failure to work. Year after year since the war broke out we have produced to the maximum. Our wives, mothers and daughters have worked in the fields as never before. When the war came to an end, and our sons left the army and the navy to again take up farming, thousands of them started out farming for themselves, buying land, live stock and machinery at the peak prices of 1919 and 1920. Thousands of hard-working tenants whose specialty had been the raising of crops and the feeding of live stock, had saved up a few thousand dollars and had come to a time of life when it was customary to make a payment down on a home of their own. These frugal, indus- trious men, accustomed to neither war nor speculation, had no reason to believe that they were embarking on a peculiarly hazardous enterprise when they bought a farm of their own with a small payment down. And now, scattered all over the corn belt, are thousands on thousands of these hard-working young farmers who are facing financial ruin. Some are em- bittered by their unhappy experiences. Even middle-aged and old farmers who had accumulated a competence before the war broke out, have watched their assets melt away like ice on a summer day. In almost every community one may find stories of such men. They are broken financially and spiritually. They are looking anx- iously for renewed hope. Why is it, they ask, that they now have to pay 400 bushels of corn for a wagon which they used to buy for 150 bushels; or 700 bushels for a binder that used to cost 300 bushels? Why must they pay 350 bushels of corn for a gang plow which formerly cost 125 bushels; or 150 bushels for a suit of clothes which formerly cost 50 bushels; or 33 bushels for the shoes that formerly cost 9 bushels? The rank and file of the corn belt farmers are fighting against heavy odds. They may have sold their grain and live stock for less than half the cost of production. They may have sold their own labor and the labor of their wives and children at less than 5 cents an hour. But they are still fighting on, and they are thinking more seriously than ever before. Men who are working ten to fifteen hours a day and facing a situation of this sort day after day want results. From a greatly reduced income they are compelled to pay greatly increased prices for supplies and trans- portation. They become impatient under the necessity of paying rail- road rates 50 per cent above pre-war rates, coal prices 100 per cent above pre-war coal prices, and other prices 50 to 150 per cent above pre-war prices. They read in government reports that persons engaged in other great industries continue to enjoy abnormally high compensation for their services. They want to know if this is necessary, in view of the fact that the cost of food is a chief part of the cost of living, and they do know PROCEEDINGS CORN BELT MEAT PRODUCERS' ASSN. 599 that food products as delivered to the markets by the farmers have fallen in prices to near the pre-war level and some important items are far lower. Farmers in the corn belt want to know why ham is sold at retail through- out the country at about six times the price per pound of live hogs in Chi- cago, when the normal ratio is about one to three and a half. They be- lieve that a reduction of retail prices of ham and some other food prod- ucts, to properly correspond with the reductions of prices received by farmers, would do much to stimulate consumption and reduce the surplus stocks and restore normal conditions. Agriculture is not alone in being depressed. Almost every kind of in- dustry in the corn belt is affected. When farmers can not buy, all others suffer, and this is well illustrated in Iowa at the present time. The feel- ing of the farmers and many others is shown by their attitude toward county taxes. In many counties the farmers and others are asking the supervisors to make radical cuts in salaries, to spend less on schools and roads. They say these are fine, but if the people have less money, they must cut down expenses. Steps should be taken immediately to assist farmers who are under obligations to make payments during the next few months. Unless relief is afforded, many will be ruined. It should not be possible to take the farms and homes from honest, industrious, thrifty farmers who are prac- tically sure to pay their way out if given a little more time. Nor is this desirable from any point of view. We must find a way to help these men. Some banks are doing all they can. Communities having such banks are to be congratulated, and these banks deserve commendation. Federal funds now are finding their way to the rural districts, but for some reason their benefits are not reaching large numbers who need such help. We cannot study the present situation without realizing the need of farmers for longer time loans than have prevailed in the past. The farm- er's turnover is slow as compared with manufacturing and business, and a financial system adapted to the latter does not fit the farmer's situation. Just now farmers would be benefited by the storage of a large quantity of corn. It should be stored on the farms where most of it will be used. In each of the last two years the corn crop has been about 300,000,000 bushels in excess of normal. Due to the stress of war the corn acreage was greatly increased. Several millions of acres of corn land should be planted to clover and alfalfa, and this would be done if some of the pres- ent corn surplus is stored for use next year. The land needs the legumin- ous crops and in the long run will produce more and better food crops if allowed to recuperate in this manner. Thus, in the long run, the public would profit if the farmers could finance reasonable storage operations. Corn belt farmers know that agricultural products make a large part of our exports annually, and that during the past year food products exported have shown a great increase. Our Secretary of Agriculture wisely has undertaken to get information in the foreign markets that will enable us to hold these markets as far as desirable. Such a study means much for American farmers, and Secretary Wallace should be commended for get- ting it under way so promptly, and he should be given every encourage- ment by appropriations or otherwise to extend the work as far as he 600 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII deems necessary. We need to know the requirements of foreign markets and how well these requirements are being met by other exporting coun- tries, and then we need to perfect our process of growing and manufac- turing and marketing, so that we may successfully compete in so far as certain products are concerned — those which we have in surplus for ex- port. This is a challenge to our ability, and our country must not fail to meet it. It is the duty and the privilege of our government to investigate the causes of the suffering among the farmers of the corn belt and through- out the whole country, and to take measures which will cut short the suf- fering as far as possible. The situation is most complex. It emphasizes the importance of more knowledge on the economics of agriculture. It involves abnormal relations between prices of farm products and other prices, the handling of an enormous surplus, the better adjustment of supply and demand, the relation between agricultural and other exports, the development of the most efficient production and marketing methods possible, the care of loans maturing at an early date, provision for longer- term agricultural loans, and above all, a better understanding of agricul- ture, its fundamental character in reference to our national welfare, and its emergency needs at this time. illWieo