580,5 FB V, 4:2-9 1919-1929 cop, 2 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY FOUNDED BY MARSHALL FIELD, 1893 PUBLICATION 258 BOTANICAL SERIES VOL. IV, No. 6 I. SUPPLEMENT TO THE FLORA OF BARRO COLORADO ISLAND, PANAMA LESLIE A, KENOYER AND PAUL C. STANDLEY II. TWO NEW SPECIES OF CHARA FROM TROPICAL AMERICA M. A. HOWE B. E. DAHLGREN Acting Curator, Department of Botany EDITOR THE LIBRARY OF THE JUL24t943 NATURAL HISTORY CHICAGO July 5, 1929 Dup. U. of C. Oh. PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BT FIELD MUSEUM PRESS . 5 r SUPPLEMENT TO THE FLORA OF BARRO COLORADO ISLAND, PANAMA LESLIE A. KENOYER AND PAUL C. STANDLEY The first list of the plants of Barro Colorado Island in Gatun Lake, Canal Zone, the site of the laboratory of the Institute for Tropical Research, was published by Paul C. Standley in May, 1927, in the Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections.1 In that list 611 species of flowering plants and cryptogams were listed. Because of the large area of the island — about six square miles — and the small amount of time which had been devoted to its exploration, it was evident that its flora was then but imperfectly known. In the summer of 1927, L. A. Kenoyer spent eight weeks on Barro Colorado Island, studying the plant ecology. In connection with his work there was made a large collection of plant specimens, amounting to 680 numbers. The present list is based upon this collection. Most of the flowering plants here recorded have been determined by Mr. Standley, and the ferns by William R. Maxon. On the following pages there are enumerated 187 species new to the Barro Colorado flora. Several of these are plants unknown previously from the region of the Canal Zone, and four seem to belong to unpublished species, which are described here as new. There remain several plants, represented only by sterile material, which it has not been possible to determine definitely. These uncertain specimens doubtless belong to species not recorded from the island, and probably unknown at present from the Canal Zone area. The large number of new ferns reported for the island is especially noteworthy. An annotated list of them already has been published.1 It is not surprising that intensive collecting, extended over several weeks, should have added so large a number of plants to the known flora of Barro Colorado Island. As the island is explored more thoroughly, there is no doubt that the number will be increased substantially. This is particularly true in the case of the fungi and other groups of the lower plants. •Volume 78, No. 8, pp. 1-32. 2Kenoyer, Amer. Fern Journ. 18: 6-14. 1928. 143 144 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. IV CYATHEACEAE. Tree Fern Family Alsophila tenerifrons Christ. Probably the largest tree fern on the island, attaining a height of 8 meters. Growing in several of the ravines. There are large specimens on Pearson Trail 100 yards from the laboratory. Alsophila microdonta Desv. A small tree fern, collected along the shore at far end of the Gross Trail. GLEICHENIACEAE. Gleichenia Family Dicranopteris flexuosa (Schrad.) Underw. A vine, forming tangles along exposed shores. End of Gross Trail and on Orchid Island. POLYPODIACEAE. Polypody Family Acrostichum daneaefolium Langsd. & Fisch. A tall coarse fern, abundant in marshes along the lake shore. Previously noted but not definitely placed as to species. Adiantum obliquum Willd. Occasional in virgin forest. Adiantum petiolatum Desv. Frequent in forest. Adiantum villosum L. Common in virgin forest. Adiantum sp. Hairy, with bipinnate leaves. Occasional. Asplenium laetum Swartz. Fairly common, especially in ravines. Blechnum occidentale L. On an eroding clay bank, Orchid Island at French lock site. Dennstaedtia rubiginosa (Kaulf.) Moore. A large ravine fern. Pearson Trail. Dryopteris gongylodes (Schk.) Kuntze. Marshes along lake shore; frequent. Dryopteris serrata (Cav.) C. Chr. Marshes along lake shore; frequent. Dryopteris sordida Maxon. A large ravine fern; occasional. Dryopteris Sprengelii (Kaulf.) Kuntze. A large ravine fern with a short upright stem. Hemidictyum marginatum (L.) Presl. A tall coarse ravine fern with pinnate leaves. Leptochilus nicotianaefolius (Swartz) C. Chr. A coarse terres- trial plant. FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. BOTANY, VOL. IV, PL. XI. FIG. 1. THE APPROACH TO THE LABORATORY ON BARRO COLORADO ISLAND, FROM GATUN LAKE. FIG. 2. FERNS (NEPHROLEPIS PENDULA) ON ERODED BANK AT THE EDGE OF BARRO COLORADO ISLAND. FLORA OP BARRO COLORADO ISLAND 145 Maxonia apiifolia (Swartz) C. Chr. Terrestrial or epiphytic, the trailing rhizome covered with brown scales. Nephrolepis biserrata (Swartz) Schott. Abundant in marshes. Polybotrya villosula Christ. A trailing epiphyte with large bipinnate leaves; growing especially on tree ferns. Polypodium costaricense Christ. An epiphyte; frequent. Polypodium phyllitidis L. A coarse epiphyte; common. Pteris grandifolia L. A coarse ravine fern with pinnate leaves four meters long. Pteris Kunzeana Agardh. In ravines. Pteris propinqua Agardh. Low areas in forest. Pteris pungens Willd. Virgin forest. HYMENOPHYLLACEAE. Filmy-fern Family Trichomanes diversifrons (Bory) Mett. Shaded ravine bank on Pearson Trail near laboratory. LYCOPODIACEAE. Clubmoss Family Lycopodium dichotomum Jacq. A single specimen fallen from a tree on which it had grown as an epiphyte. ALISMACEAE. Water-plantain Family Sagittaria lancifolia L. An acaulescent plant with lanceolate leaves and racemes of white flowers. Frequent in marshes along shore. POACEAE. Grass Family Andropogon bicornis L. Very common in clearings and in marshes offshore. Andropogon brevifolius Swartz. Near French lock site, Orchid Island. Andropogon glomeratus (Walt.) B. S. P. A tall coarse grass. Laboratory clearing. Chloris virgata Swartz. Laboratory clearing. Ichnanthus tenuis (Presl) Hitchc. & Chase. Range light clearing. Isachne polygonoides (Lam.) Doell. Marsh near Termite House. 146 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. IV Leersia hexandra Swartz. Clearing at Barbour Navigation Signal. Leptochloa virgata (L.) Beauv. Frequent in clearings. Panicum barbinode Trin. An extensive marsh former in the lake. Panicum fasciculatum Swartz. Clearing at highest point of the island. Panicum geminatum Forsk. Marsh near Termite House. Panicum megiston Schult. Marsh near Termite House. Panicum zizanioides H. B. K. Marsh near Termite House. Paspalum decumbens Swartz. A prostrate grass in forest. Paspalum saccharoides (Swartz) Nees. Clearing at Fairchild Navigation Signal. Phragmites communis Trin. REED. A tall coarse marsh grass in lake near laboratory. Setaria paniculifera (Steud.) Fourn. French lock site, Orchid Island. Sporobolus indicus R. Br. Clearing at Barbour Navigation Signal. CYPERACEAE. Sedge Family Cyperus luzulae (L.) Retz. Marshes near laboratory landing. Cyperus rotundus L. Abundant in clearings. Cyperus simplex H. B; K. Clearings and trails; frequent. Eleocharis variegata var. laxiflora (Thwaites) Ridley. Marshes near laboratory landing. Rynchospora corymbosa (L.) Britton. A large marsh plant with 3 -angled stem, south and west shores of the island. Rynchospora micrantha Vahl. French lock site, Orchid Island. Scirpus cubensis Kunth. Marshes near Redwood House. Scleria mitis Berg. Abundant in clearings. Scleria paludosa Kunth. A coarse marsh sedge. PHOENICACEAE. Palm Family Attalea gomphococca Mart. COROZO. COHUNE PALM. The largest palm on the island. Abundant. The large fruits, borne in huge dense pendent panicles, are rich in oil. FLORA OF BARRO COLORADO ISLAND 147 ARACEAE. Arum Family Anthurium acutangulum Engler. An epiphytic climber with thick lance-ovate leaves. Anthurium linearifolium Engler. A frequent epiphyte with oblong-linear leaves. Anthurium rigidulum Schott? An epiphyte on a stump in the lake. Montrichardia arborescens (L.) Schott. An upright shrublike plant, frequent in lake shore marshes near the laboratory. The large spathes are white and showy, resembling those of the cultivated calla. Philodendron panamense Krause. A common trailing epiphyte. Xanthosoma pilosum Koch. A common terrestrial plant with large, finely pubescent, broadly sagittate leaves. BROMELIACEAE. Pineapple Family Aechmea pubescens Baker. A frequent epiphyte. Tillandsia compressa Bert. An epiphyte with compressed flower spikes. Tillandsia fasciculata Swartz. An epiphyte on stump near Ter- mite House. COMMELINACEAE. Dayflower Family Tradescantia cumanensis Kunth. Laboratory clearing. PONTEDERIACEAE. Pickerelweed Family Pontederia cordata L. PICKERELWEED. Marshes near Termite House. AMARYLLIDACEAE. Amaryllis Family Crinum erubescens Soland. A coarse bulbous plant with umbels of showy flowers. Frequent along shores of Gatun Lake. MUSACEAE. Banana Family Heliconia platystachys Baker. A tall plant with recurved in- florescence, the bracts red and yellow. 148 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. IV ORCHIDACEAE. Orchid Family Dichaea sp. An epiphyte on a large living Bombacopsis in Gatiin Lake. Habenaria alata Hook. A terrestrial plant. Clearings and marsh islands. Stelis sp. An epiphyte. Stenorrhynchus sp. Terrestrial. Triphora cubensis (Reichenb.) Ames. A terrestrial and appar- ently saprophytic plant. Found in the laboratory clearing. "This species was originally found in Cuba but is uncommon there, and in places where it has been found seems to appear at irregular intervals. It has also been found in Florida, but only once." (Oakes Ames). PIPERACEAE. Pepper Family Peperomia mameiana C. DC. A succulent epiphyte. Occasional. Piper breve C. DC. A shrub. Barbour Point. Piper peltatum L. A common shrub in clearings. Easily re- cognized by the peltate leaves. Piper peracuminatum C. DC. A shrub. Fairchild Point. MORACEAE. Mulberry Family Cecropia longipes Pittier. GUARUMO. Fruiting spikes in 4's. A common tree. Cecropia mexicana Hemsl. GUARUMO. Fruiting spikes in pairs, elongated. A common tree. Cecropia sp. Leaves about 8-lobed, very white beneath, without brown hairs. Fruiting spikes in 8's, drooping, wavy. Frequent. Ficus colubrinae Standl. An epiphytic shrub or small tree in virgin forest. Ficus involuta (Liebm.) Miq. Pearson Trail near laboratory. A tree with large wedge-shaped leaves, rounded at apex. Pourouma aspera Trecul. A Cecropia-like tree near laboratory. Leaves similar to those of Cecropia, but not peltate. URTICACEAE. Nettle Family Pouzolzia obliqua. Gaud. A low tree with entire leaves; along shore near laboratory. FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY FIG. 1. VIEW IN THE FOREST ON BARRO COLORADO ISLAND. ; " * * / ^k *- i 9 \ v ' f r •< IM LJ** * FIG. 2. BASE OF PLANT OF RENEALMIA AROMATICA, SHOWING THE INFLORESCENCES. FLORA OF BARRO COLORADO ISLAND 149 OLACACEAE. Olax Family Heisteria longipes Standl. An occasional shrub in forest. Leaves entire; fruiting calyx saucer-shaped, dark red. ARISTOLOCHIACEAE. Birthwort Family Aristolochia pilosa H. B. K. A small herbaceous climber. On short cut from Barbour Trail. POLYGONACEAE. Buckwheat Family Polygonum punctatum Ell. SMARTWEED. Stump islands near Redwood House. AMARANTHACEAE. Pigweed Family Amaranthus gracilis Desf. PIGWEED. Laboratory clearing. In- troduced. Gomphrena dispersa Standl. A weedy herb with small heads of white flowers. Laboratory clearing, probably introduced. PHYTOLACCACEAE. Pokeweed Family Microtea debilis Swartz. A small weak weedy herb. Phytolacca rivinoides Kunth and Bouche". POKEWEED. A coarse weed in laboratory garden. Rivina humilis L. A weed in laboratory garden. An erect herb with racemes of small whitish flowers, and small, bright red fruits. ANN ON ACE AE. Custard-apple Family Annona glabra L. POND APPLE. A large shrub or small tree. Lake shore near laboratory. Guatteria dolichopoda Donn. Smith. A tall tree on Armour Trail. Species new to the Canal Zone. Unonopsis Pittieri Safford. A tree near the laboratory. Xylopia frutescens Aubl. A small tree with lanceolate distichous leaves. Near Gross Point. RAFFLESIACEAE. Rafflesia Family Apodanthes fiacourtiae Karst. A parasite on the branches of Xylosma Hemsleyana. Found at several places in the forest near 150 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. IV Barbour Point. This is the first report of the family for Central America. The plants appear as rows of white waxy flowers 5 mm. in diameter, which burst through the bark of the host. HYDRANGEACEAE. Hydrangea Family Hydrangea panamensis Standl. A trailing woody epiphyte, frequent on the large trees. AMYGDALACEAE. Almond Family Licania platypus (Hemsl.) Fritsch. A frequent large tree about the laboratory. MIMOSACEAE. Mimosa Family Acacia melanoceras Beurl. BULLHORN ACACIA. A small speci- men growing near the laboratory. Inga leptoloba Schlecht. Shore near Termite House. Inga punctata Willd. Shore near the laboratory. Inga Roussoviana Pittier. Slothia Island. Inga Ruiziana Don. Shore near the laboratory. Inga spectabilis Willd. Pearson Trail. The species of Inga are all trees with heads or spikes of white blossoms. Pithecolobium rufescens (Benth.) Pittier. A small tree on Slothia Island. Leaves once pinnate, like those of Inga. CAESALPINIACEAE. Senna Family Cassia reticulata Willd. A small tree with showy, bright yellow flowers, near Termite House. Cassia tora L. An herb at French lock site, Orchid Island. FABACEAE. Bean Family Dalbergia ecastophyllum (L.) Taub. A shrub in marshes along the shore. Erythrina glauca Willd. A tree in clearing at Barbour Naviga- tion Signal. Flowers orange-colored. Pterocarpus Hayesii Benth. A large tree on Wheeler Trail. Vigna vexillata (L.) Rich. An herbaceous vine with pale yellow flowers. Marshes near Redwood House. FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. BOTANY, VOL. IV, PL. XIII. FIG. 1. OPHIOMERIS PANAMENSIS, AT LEFT, AND LEIPHAIMOS ALBUS. FIG. 2. APODANTHES FLACOURTIAE, GROWING ON TRUNK OF XYLOSMA HEMSLEYANA. FLORA OF BARRO COLORADO ISLAND 151 RUTACEAE. Rue Family Zanthoxylum microcarpum Griseb. A tall tree with fine stellate pubescence. On Snyder-Molino Trail. Zanthoxylum setulosum P. Wils. A forest tree. BURSERACEAE. Torchwood Family Protium panamense (Rose) Johnston. A tree on Van Tyne Trail. MALPIGHIACEAE. Malpighia Family Bunchosia cornifolia H. B. K. A shrub with yellow flowers. Gross Point. Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) DC. NANCE. A small tree with leaves whitened beneath, and yellow flowers. Fruit edible. Hiraea faginea (Swartz) Niedenzu. A climbing shrub with yellow flowers. Leaves silky-pubescent beneath. Stigmaphyllon ellipticum (H. B. K.) Jiiss. A climbing yellow- flowered shrub with entire leaves and winged fruits. Clearings and stump islands. POLYGALACEAE. Polygala Family Polygala paniculata L. A small herb at French lock site, Orchid Island. EUPHORBIACEAE. Spurge Family Croton glandulosus L. A small weed with dentate leaves, in the laboratory clearing. Euphorbia heterophylla L. A coarse erect weed with milky sap. Laboratory clearing. Sapium aucuparium Jacq. ? A shrub in ravine near the laboratory. . Sapium jamaicense Swartz. A tree on Barbour Trail. Species new to the Canal Zone. The species of Sapium are easy to recognize because of their milky sap, and the presence of two glands near the apex of the petiole. The latex, of some species at least, contains rubber. SAPINDACEAE. Soapberry Family Paullinia pinnata L. A liana with red capsules, frequent along shore. 152 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. IV STAPHYLEACEAE. Bladdernut Family Turpinia paniculata Vent. A tree with panicles of small white flowers, on Wheeler Trail, VITACEAE. Grape Family Cissus rhombifolia Vahl. A common woody climber with red flowers and trifoliolate leaves. MALVACEAE. Mallow Family Hibiscus bifurcatus Cav. A coarse pink-flowered herb or half- shrubby plant. Shore near Barbour Point. Hibiscus sororius L. f. A coarse semi-shrubby plant with white flowers. Abundant on offshore marsh islands. BOMBACACEAE. Cottontree Family Quararibea asterolepis Pittier. A common large tree with smooth green bark and plank buttresses. The dried leaves have the odor of slippery elm. ELAEO CARP ACE AE. Elaeocarpus Family Sloanea microcephala Standl., sp. nov. — Arbor mediocris, ramulis junioribus crassis, subteretibus, dense et minute tomentu- losis; petioli n cm. longi, subteretes, brunneo-tomentulosi; limbus ellipticus, 40 cm. longus, 23 cm. latus, apice et basi rotundatus, margine fere ad basin dense sinuato-crenata, crenationibus late obtusis, subcoriaceus, supra glaber, subtus pallidior, ad nervos minutissime tomentulosus, nervis lateralibus utroque latere 17, elevatis, percurrentibus', leviter arcuatis, nervulis fere rectis, reti- culato-conjunctis ; panicula axillaris, 4 cm. longa, pedunculata, pedunculo compressiusculo, 2.5 cm. longo, ramulis tomentellis, bracteis 4-6 mm. longis, oblongis, obtusis, tomentulosis, floribus numerosis, 4 mm. diam., pedicellis 5-8 mm. longis; calyx rotatus, 2.5 mm. latus, extus griseo-tomentulosus, obscure lobatus, lobis late triangularibus, acutiusculis ; stamina numerosa, antheris cuneiformi- bus, sessilibus, glabris, apice rotundatis. PANAMA: Along shore near Termite House, Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone, Aug. 6, 1927, L. A. Kenoyer 4-68 (Herb. Field Mus. No. 579761, TYPE). DILLENIACEAE. Dillenia Family Doliocarpus olivaceus Sprague & Williams. A woody climber with toothed leaves. Near the laboratory. FLORA OF BARRO COLORADO ISLAND 153 Tetracera oblongata DC. A retrorsely scabrous, woody climber. Snyder-Molino Trail. Tetracera sessiliflora Triana and Planch. A coarse woody vine with elm-like leaves. Shore line. OCHNACEAE. Ochna Family Cespedesia macrophylla Seem. A tall tree with long simple leaves and large showy flowers. Gross Point. The genus is new to the Canal Zone. HYPERICACEAE. St. Johnswort Family Vismia latif olia Choisy. A small tree, the leaves rusty-tomentose beneath. On shore near Redwood House. CLUSIACEAE. Clusia Family Calophyllum calaba Jacq. A large tree on Pearson Trail near the laboratory. The specimens are imperfect, but probably referable to this species, which is new to the region. Clusia minor L. A frequent small tree, often beginning growth as an epiphyte. BIXACEAE. Anatto Family Bixa Orellana L. ANATTO. A small tree or large shrub. Occa- sional. Probably introduced. COCHLOSPERMACEAE. Cochlospermum Family Cochlospermum vitifolium Willd. A small tree with palmately lobed leaves and large yellow flowers resembling roses. Orchid Island. FLACOURTIACEAE. Flacourtia Family Banara guianensis Aubl. A small tree. Lake shore near the laboratory. Xylosma Hemsleyana Standl. A small spiny shrub. Frequent in the neighborhood of Barbour Point. Zuelania Roussoviae Pittier. A small tree with oblong to oval leaves. 154 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. IV PASSIFLORACEAE. Passionflower Family Passiflora biflora Lam. A frequent white-flowered climber. Passiflora hispida DC. An herbaceous vine. Range light clearing. BEGONIACEAE. Begonia Family Begonia cilibracteolata C. DC. Marsh island near Redwood House. Begonia sp. A bushy herb a meter high. In forest near the laboratory. CACTACEAE. Cactus Family Rhipsalis cassutha Gaertn. MISTLETOE CACTUS. A cylindrical jointed epiphyte, without leaves, forming large masses on tall trees. Frequent. LYTHRACEAE. Loosestrife Family Cuphea Wrightii Gray. A small weed at French lock site, Orchid Island. The species is new to the Canal Zone. MYRTACEAE. Myrtle Family Eugenia sericifolia Benth. A shrub with entire lanceolate leaves. Wheeler Trail. Myrcia gatunensis Standl., sp. nov. — Arbor parva, ramulis gracilibus, teretibus, cinereo-strigillosis vel glabratis, internodiis 1-3.5 cm. longis; petioli 1-2 mm. longi, strigillosi; limbus lanceola- to-oblongus, 7.5-10.5 cm. longus, 2-3.5 cm- latus, subabrupte longi- acuminatus, acumine angusto, obtuso, basi obtusus vei rotundatus, crasse chartaceus, dense et minute pellucido-punctatus, supra lucidus, glaber vel ad costam minute puberulus, nervis prominulis, subtus brunnescens, lucidulus, sparse strigillosus, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 19, gracillimis, fere rectis, prope marginem nervum collec- tivum eff ormantibus ; paniculae laterales et terminales, laxe multi- florae, foliis breviores, 3-4 cm. longae, pedunculatae, ramulis gracili- bus, sparse strigillosis, pedicellis fere filiformibus, 1-2.5 mm. longis, sparse strigillosis; hypanthium i mm. longum et latum, dense cinereo-strigillosum, calycis limbo abrupte patente, lobis late ovatis, obtusissimis, glabratis; petala alba, rotundata, 1.5-2 mm. longa, venosa, punctata, extus sparse strigillosa; stamina numerosa, petala excedentia, filamentis glabris; stylus 3 mm. longus, versus basin pilosulus. PANAMA: Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone, near the lake on Barbour Trail, July 14, 1927, L. A. Kenoyer 4-68 (Herb. Field Mus. No. 579760, TYPE). FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. BOTANY, VOL. IV, PL. XIV. TRUNK OF ZANTHOXYLUM SP. , SHOWING THE CURIOUS FLATTENED CORKY PRICKLES. UNlYEES'-TV OF llU*o.J URBAN* FLORA OF BARRO COLORADO ISLAND 155 MELASTOMACEAE. Melastome Family Clidemia neglecta Don. A brown-hairy shrub. Shore line near Gross Point. Leandra dichotoma Cogn. A shrub on Pearson Trail. ONAGRACEAE. Evening-primrose Family Jussiaea natans H. B. K. A floating aquatic with yellow flowers. Near Termite House. UMBELLIFERAE. Parsley Family Eryngium foetidum L. A strong-scented weed along trails and in clearings. SAPOTACEAE. Sapodilla Family Chrysophyllum panamense Pittier. STAR-APPLE. A tall tree in forest GENTIANACEAE. Gentian Family Leiphaimos albus Standl. (Plate XIII.) A small white saprophyte with white flowers in cymes. The species is new to the Canal Zone. APOCYNACEAE. Dogbane Family Allamanda cathartica L. A woody vine with large showy yellow flowers and spiny capsules. Marsh island near Termite House. Aspidosperma megalocarpon Muell. A large tree. Fruits picked up in tall virgin forest. The seeds are surrounded by a broad thin wing. The genus is new to Panama. Prestonia ipomoeifolia A. DC.? An epiphyte on stump near Termite House. ASCLEPIADACEAE. Milkweed Family Funastrum clausum (Jacq.) Schlechter. A slender herbaceous climber with umbels of white flowers. Marsh islands in the lake. CONVOLVULACEAE. Morning-glory Family Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. SWEET-POTATO. Abundant as an escape in the laboratory garden. 156 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. IV BORAGINACEAE. Borage Family Cordia bicolor A. DC. A small tree. Range light clearing. Cordia ferruginea (Lam.) Roem. & Schult. A shrub. Barbour Navigation Signal clearing. Cordia sericicalyx A. DC. A very large tree near Redwood House. VERBENACEAE. Verbena Family Aegiphila cephalophora Standl., sp. nov.— Frutex subscandens, ramulis gracilibus, subteretibus, dense pilis ochraceis adpressis ob- tectis, internodiis 4-6.5 cm. longis; petioli 5-6 mm. longi, crassi, dense pilis adscendentibus pilosi; limbus lanceolato-oblongus, c. 12 cm. longus et 4 cm. latus, Ipngiacuminatus, acumine angusto, longe attenuate, basi obtusus, membranaceus, integer, supra pilis tenuibus adpressis sparse, ad costam magis dense, pilosus, subtus dense ad- presso-pilosus, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 10, gracillimis, angulo lato adscendentibus, arcuatis ; cymae capituliformes, densae, multiflorae, axillares, solitariae, 1-1.5 cm- latae, pedunculis validis, 1-2.5 cm. longis, densissime adpresso-pilosis, floribus sessilibus; bracteae numerosae, anguste lineares, calyce multo longiores, dense longipilosae ; calyx late turbinatus, 2.5 mm. longus, extus dense pilosus, intus glaber, limbo truncato, remote 4~5-denticulato; corolla alba, c. 6 mm. longa, glabra, 3~5-lobata, staminibus longe exsertis. PANAMA: Shannon Trail, Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone, July 23, 1927, L. A. Kenoyer 607 (U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 1,317,604, TYPE). Related to A. Deppeana Steud., in which the inflorescence is much less congested and the leaves tomentose beneath. The material of A. cephalophora at hand is very scant, and it is, therefore, im- possible to supply a complete and wholly satisfactory diagnosis of the species. SOLANACEAE. Potato Family Cyphomandra heterophylla Donn. Smith. A small tree with pinnately lobed leaves, and large fleshy fruits. Near Chapman House. Physalis pubescens L. GROUNDCHERRY. An occasional weed in clearings. • Solanum asperum Rich. A common clearing shrub with narrow scurfy leaves. Solanum Donnell-Smithii Coult. A prickly woody climber; fre- quent. The species is new to the Canal Zone. FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. BOTANY, VOL. IV, PL. XV. FIG. 1. BASE OF TRUNK OF BOMBACOPSIS FENDLERI, THE LARGEST TREE OF BARRO COLORADO ISLAND, SHOWING THE BUTTRESSES. THE PALM IS ACANTHORRHIZA WARSCEWICZII. FIG. 2. BASE OF A TRUNK OF OURATEA WRIGHTII. 158 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. IV Randia formosa (Jacq.) Schum. A small tree near the laboratory. Warscewiczia coccinea (Vahl) Klotzsch. A tree with very showy red bracts. Shore line near Slothia Island. COMPOSITAE. Aster Family Baltimora recta L. A sunflower-like weed. French lock site, Orchid Island. Clibadium surinamense L. A coarse pioneer herb or shrub with small whitish flower heads. Range light clearing. Melampodium divaricatum (Rich.) DC. A small yellow-flowered herb. French lock site, Orchid Island. Verbesina myriocephala Schultz Bip. A tall harsh herb with pinnately lobed leaves and white flower heads. Frequent in clearings. TWO NEW SPECIES OF CHARA FROM TROPICAL AMERICA M. A. HOWE In the collection of plants made on Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone, in 1927 by Prof. Leslie A. Kenoyer is material of a Char a which, apparently, has not been described. Its study has involved the investigation of the nomenclature of a South American plant of the same genus, for which no valid name is available. Both these plants are described below. Chara Kenoyeri M. A. Howe, sp. nov. PLATE XVI Dioicous: plants mostly 15-25 cm. high, olive- or sordid- green, very slightly incrusted, flexible; stems 0.8-1.1 mm. in diameter, irregularly and rather loosely triply corticated, the corticated cells often lying at different levels, occasionally the middle zone of the much elongated internodes uncorticated or imperfectly corticated; spine-cells rather few and scattered, or subverticillate in younger parts, flaccid and flexuous, mostly elongate, 0.6-2.7 mm. long, 100- 150/4 in diameter at base; stipulodes forming a double whorl at each node, those of the upper whorl reaching a length of 0.6-0.75 mm. and commonly slightly exceeding the uncorticated basal inter- node of the leaves, those of the lower whorl of about the same length, both occasionally in part deficient (deciduous?); leaves ic 13 in a whorl, 2.5-3.75 cm- l°ng' containing 8-10 internodes, all triply corticated except the basal and one at apex, which are uncorticated, the basal 0.7-0.9 mm. long, 0.35-0.6 mm. broad; leaflets at sterile nodes nearly equal, 1.5-3.7 mm. long, 120-180 /u broad, flexuous; antheridia 0.4-0.6 mm. in diameter; oogonia and sporocarps un- known. PANAMA: In inlet, Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone, July 26, 1927, L. A. Kenoyer (type in Herb. N.Y. Bot. Gard.). In size, light incrustation, and general habit Chara Kenoyeri is slightly suggestive of lax conditions of C. Hornemannii and C. Nordhoffiae, but it is manifestly a member of the " gymnopus" group, with all the leaf-internodes corticated with the exception of the basal and apical. In the "gymnopus" group, the Barro Colorado plant is remarkable by the great length of its leaflets and by being apparently dioicous. The only dioicous species hitherto ascribed 159 160 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. IV to this group, so far as known to the present writer, is the one to which Braun, in 1847, intended to apply the name Chara Martiana and did apply it as a nomen nudum,1 but, unfortunately, before any sort of a description of it was published, Wallman mistakenly diverted the name, with full diagnosis, to a monoicous species, and to this, according to the "American Code" of nomenclature, the name C. Martiana legally belongs. Nordstedt has considered the Chara Martiana Wallm. non A. Braun to be a synonym of C. sejuncta A. Br., but C. B. Robinson (Bull. N. Y. Bot Gard. 4: 276. 1906) has expressed a doubt as to the alleged synonymy. But whether a synonym or not, the American Code demands the renaming of Braun 's plant, as has been pointed out by Dr. Robinson. A plant evidently very similar to Braun's and probably of the same species has been collected rather recently by Dr. H. H. Rusby in Bolivia. On the supposition that it is the same as the Brazilian plant of Martius, we are proposing below a new name and framing a new description, based in part on the Bolivian specimens and in part on the Braun-Nordstedt diagnosis of Chara Martiana A. Br. We take the precaution of naming the Bolivian plant as the type to carry the new name in case any one should convince himself that the specimens collected by Martius and those collected by Rusby are not conspecific. Chara Rusbyana M. A. Howe, nom. nov. Chara Martiana A. Br. ; Nordstedt, Fragmente einer Mono- graphic der Characeen von A. Braun 186. pi. 4, f. 97, 98. 1883. Not C. Martiana Wallm. Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. 1853: 294. 1853. Dioicous: plant up to 30 cm. high, olive- or gray-green, moder- ately to strongly incrusted, fragile; stems 0.6-0.85 mm. in diameter, triply corticated; spine-cells scattered or subverticillate, acute and rather rigid, 0.075-0.7 mm. long, 30-50 /x in diameter at base; stipulodes forming a double whorl at each node, those of the upper whorl reaching a length of 0.45-1.68 mm., covering the uncorticated basal internode of the leaves or considerably shorter, those of the lower whorl similar; leaves 10-14 *n & whorl, 1.5-3 cm. long, showing 8-13 internodes, all triply corticated except the basal and one (or rarely 2) at apex, which are uncorticated, the basal 0.6-0.9 mm. long, 0.25-0.35 mm. broad, mostly twice as long as broad; leaflets at sterile nodes subequal, 0.16-0.25 mm. long, 50-80 /i broad at base, rather rigid; anterior bracteoles up to 0.45-0.6 mm. long, the lateral and posterior 0.14-0.25 mm. long; antheridian 0.38-0.6 mm. in diameter; sporocarps 0.4-0.68 mm. long, 0.3-0.47 mm. broad, crown cells 35-65 n high. •A. Braun, Uebersicht der Schweizerischen Characeen 23. 1847. FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. BOTANY, VOL. IV, PL. XVI. CHARA KENOYERI. Slightly reduced. UNIVERSITY OF us BAN A NEW SPECIES OF CHARA 161 BOLIVIA: At the mouth of the Ingenio River, alt. 3,000 ft., September 28, 1921, H. H. Rusby 692 (Mulford Biological Explo- ration of the Amazon Basin; type in Herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.). Reported also by Braim-Nordstedt, under the name Chara Martiana A. Br., from several localities in Brazil (Province of Minas Geraes, Province of Matto Grosso, Province of Piauhy, and in the lake of Algadoes), and from Oran, in the Argentine Republic, near the Bolivian border. THE UBRARY OF 1HE JUL241PM UNIVERSITY Of 1UUNO»S