ia hg TOR hey woke shew ei u AN arti ti¥ » ofa Watered hip ks Sea ae ttt ites it es 5 = SSS gee aes pera S Rata eagee: = eos £2 iow aah bs Soe Seren SS ey ESR RE ne tonics Woe yee ier TERI eee ea See Foe Sy ne ES i i Siiceet gl sagit Ag RD hy nate 3 4 4 iia 4 angen Watlaived nba era ae see Pat 5 eS eo a METS s = Ss cee es Shoal ates < Sf U Histe 1 4 Fed a ight ta. ok ea de ieee y page ay i ea A al ihe We) ay mT ae a oN bs ica nat yi" % an Xi Ree ae I ial ny ey ss inte “ i bite, Vata os ‘pea z Eryreee SANDS APPARATUS for Irrigating the Lachrymal Duct Price - $2.00 WRITE FOR CATALOGUE SHARP & SMITH MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS OF High Grade Surgical and Veterinary Instruments and Hospital Supplies 92 Wabash Ave., Chicago, Ill. Red « Ball = Brand = Stock = Food. Purely Vegetable. Not a Secret Preparation. Formula to Veterinarians. Sold to Veterinary Surgeons in Bulk, they can make it into appropriate powders of I oz. to a dose. The most Uniformly Successful Digestive Regulator Known, Veterinarians throughout the country are using it and testifying to their successful treatment of digestive disorders. Write for Circulars, Formula of Ingredients used in the manufacture, and Sample Package to ATKINS & DURBROW, {60 PEARL STREET * . * _ NEW YORK. a i Sa a a a merits the veterinarian’s thoughtful consideration. in . Gh nN BS iT IS NOT ia fifi \ \N a medicine, nor a IT IS a genuine molasses ration made of abso- lutely nothing but grain and pure Loui- siana cane molasses. Highly nutritive, thoroughly digest. ible, and infinitely more convenient than mixing your own molasses feed. condimental food ; Wea ie neither does it con- (UV FEEDS] tain any drugs or chemicals whatever, nor should it be confused with so called ‘‘patent feed.’’ ATLAS-HORSE ~~ |L "THE MOLASSES RATION” | REGISTEREL Full particulars furnished upon application to The Meadver=Htlas Co. New York Office: 105 and 107 HUDSON STREET. 3 REAL EMERCENCY ACENTS. Immediate action is what the veterinary practitioner expects in a hypodermatic tablet. The tablet which meets this req iinedicne tha tablet which can be relied upon in an emergency—must be promptly and thoroughly soluble. It is not sufficient that it fly to pieces when thrown into water. Many hypo- dermatic tablets do that, their undissolved particles settling to the bottom. Mere disintegration, not solution. Parke, Davis & Co.’s Veterinary Hypodermatic Tablets dissolve—dissolve completely—in a very few seconds. . Drop one into a syringe half filled with lukewarm water, shake vigorously, and note results. Try it! A FEW TABLETS OF SPECIAL MERIT. We direct attention here to a few of our Veterinary Hypodermatic Tab- lets the importance and value of which will be readily recognized : No. 525 Arecoline Hydrobromide, 1-2 gr. No. 540 Physostigmine Salicylate, 1% ers. 532 Colic (Forbes): 541 Physostigmine Compound: hysostigmine salicylate, | gr ysostigmine salicylate, |-4 gr. Pilocarpine hydrochloride, 3% grs. Pilocarpine hydrochloride, 1-2 gr. 533 Colic (Kunowles': Strychnine sulphate, 1-8 gr. - orphine sulphate, 2 gers. 542 Physostigmine and Pilocarpine: Atropine sulphate, 1-4 gr. Physostigmine salicylate, |-2 gr. _ Aconitine crystals, 1-40 gr. Pilocarpine hydrochloride, | gr. 510 Hyoscyamine, Pure, 1-8 gr. 548 Veratrine Hydrochloride, 1-4 gr. For our full line the practitioner is referred to pages 26 and 27 of our Veterinary Price List; or a complete list will be sent on request. Supplied in tubes of 10 tablets each. Always specify “‘Parke, Davis & Co.’’ when ordering. annem om PARKE, DAVIS & COMPANY HOME airiok AND LABORATORIES, DETROIT, MICH. GREAT BRITIAN HAWA! 1 1RELAN D PHILIPPINES BX LEO AUSTRALIA tN ODO! A NEW ZEALAND SOUTH AFRICA ARGENT THE MODERN TREATMENT FOR SPLINTS, SPAVINS, CURBS, SIDE BONES. RING- BONES, QUITTOR, SHOE BOILS, OSS/FICATIONS, IN- FLAMED TENDONS, BURSAL LAMENESS, ETC. i ADVANTAGES CAN BE APPLIED IN A. FEW SECONDS. DOES NOT SO/L THE HANDS AS IT 1S APPLIED WITH THE BRUSH WHICH ACCOMPANIES EACH BOTTLE. _ BOES NOT BLEMISH THE HORSE WOR INTER- FERE IN ANY WAY WITH HIS DAILY WORK. MORE PROMPT THAN BLISTERS IN EVERY CASE. IN ACUTE OR SUB-ACUTE CASES, BETTER THAN FIRING. SOLD ONLY TO VETERINARIANS OR ON THEIR ORDER ruuy provecre BY CARTER-LUFF CHEM.CO. Hunsow.NY. § PRICES TO THE PROFESSION (DELIVERED) SINGLE BOTTLE oi ) R2.00 ><: % DOZEN - = $5.00 % DOZEN - - = = $8.00 ONE DOZEN = $15.00 TWO DOZEN - - $25.00 NO DISCOUNTS IF ORDERED OF DEALERS. Hh A a ee ae Hee Compound Silver Mixture A DIVIDEND OF ONE BOTTLE FREE WITH EACH 1-4 DOZEN, TWO FREE WITH 1-2 DOZEN, FOUR FREE WITH ONE DOZEN, AND EIGHT FREE WITH TWO DOZEN WILL BE GIVEN IF THE ORDER IS SENT DIRECT TO THE MANUFACTURERS CARTER-LUFF CHEM. CO. HUDSON. N.Y, (OVER) AN TI-i Tis HE observing veterinarian, who has used ANTI-ITIS, says it excels all other cataplasm preparations, as it dries out only over inflamed tissues. This shows that ANTI-ITIS was accurately and scientifically compounded to produce a preparation as its name implies, Anti-inflammation. PNEUMONTA. ANTI-ITIS is indicated in the onset but not in the second stage. Apply warm and thick over the seat of the pain. Dressings should be changed as soon as they become dry. BRONCHITIS. ANTI-ITIS shows throughout that it is of great advantage in allaying the pain and relieving the cough. ANTI-ITIS should be applied under the same conditions as in Pneumonia. PLEURISY . ANTI-ITIS should be applied hot, being careful not to burn the patient. ANTI-ITIS shows to the attending veterinarian sedative, anodyne and hydro-absorbent properties. il ed ll al ad ah to On receipt of your card, we will be pleased to forward you a | |b. sample of ANTI-ITIS free, or will send you a 5 lb. sample, you to pay express charges. ANTI-ITIS can be obtained from all reliable druggists. AW fi1-r1Ti1s, Inc., Danvers, Mass. Handling horses made easy by using the Veterinarian’s Favorite Ambulance. *RECH- ieee awe =e ee: Bas MAKERS, (axJ if SN ‘ PhilaspP fe RECH-MARBAKER CO., SPECIALISTS——DESIGNERS. MAKERS OF HIGH GRADE AMBULANCES, Girard Ave. and 8th St., PHILADELPHIA, PA, Send for information and catalogue. 7 A S Se. é r a I Richard Roe SANMETTO DISEASES OF THE GENITO-URINARY ORGANS eccd VE aniiar THE HORSE AND DOG. Doctor, when you have a Horse or Dog suffering from KIDNEY, BLADDER OR URETHRAL TROUBLE —Nephritis, Cystitis, Urethritis— OR FROM ANY IRRITATION or INFLAMMATION of the URINARY TRACT —Frequent, Scant or Bloody Urine— ORDER SANMETTO Sanmetto is largely used in Veterinary Practice for the above troubles and has been found Worthy and Reliable. It is also strongly endorsed and much used in AZOTURIA— many cases reported cured with it. Sanmetto acts as a vitalizing tonic to the Genito» Urinary Organs. It is eliminated from the System almost entirely through the Kidneys and Bladder—hence its soothing, healing and tonic power upon the entire Urinaz, Tract. To avoid substitution, order in original package, thus: R SANMETTO—one bottle—original package. Dose :—For Hore, one half to one ounce three times a day. For Dog, one teaspoonful three times a day. Price One Bottle, $1.00. Case of One Dozen Bottles, $8.00. Sold by all Reliable Druggists, une Pamphlet on application. — OD CHEM. CO., New York. 8 Prof. von BEHRING’S BOVOVACCINE immunizes cattle against tuberculosis. 100,000 head of cattle bovo- vaccinated and records prove complete success. It is worth in- vestigating ; write us for literature on this most important subject. ANTITETANIC SERUM a cure for tetanus, as well as a most reliable preventive. TU BERCU LI N=Behringwerk. made under the personal supervision of Prof. von Behring and standardized under state control by Prof. Ehrlich, of the “ Royal Institute for Experimental Therapy” at Frankfort-on-Main. Supplied in vials of tcc. and 5cc. concentrated, and in vials of rocc. diluted tuberculin, ready for use. VALIDOL, an excellent analeptic and sedative ; indicated in the nervous form of canine distemper, in collapse, and in vomiting spells during gastric catarrhs. GALLOGEN VET. The ideal intestinal astringent, a distinct (C1sHsOs) chemical compound, is an insoluble prepara- tion of the tannic acid group (100 per cent.); of great value in diarrhoea and infectious intestinal catarrh of cattle and horses. DYMAL VET. The most efficient remedy in wounds of every D:(CsH:OH.COO)s Character, purulent inflammation, mallenders, horse pox, etc., a siccative antiseptic dusting powder. SAPODERMIN, a soap containing Albuminate of Mercury; solu- ble, with great penetrating power; neither toxic, corrosive, nor irritant. In all parasitic skin diseases. LAVISOL, a non-toxic, non-irritant, stable, and most powerful antiseptic, germicide, and disinfectant ; readily soluble in water. C. BISCHOFF & CO., 451-453 Washington Street, NEW YORK. 9 CREOGEN-MARTIN. (The Veterinarians’ Antiseptic.) Therapeutic Efficiency Is what every practitioner desires from the chemicals and pharmaceuticals he administers. And to procure this satisfactory condition, only the purest and best drugs should be employed. To BE “PENNY WISE” In the purchase of drugs and chemicals is very poor policy. To save a dollar or two on drugs may cost you the loss of a patient or the esteem and confidence ofavalued patron. The wise practitioner avoids these vexatious conditions by buying only standard phar- maceuticals, made by reliable people who are con- versant with his wants. CREOGEN-MARTIN Costs more to make than most similar preparations sell for, and it will cost you more when you buy it, and it is worth every cent of the price, because you have the satisfaction of knowing that it carries with it a personal guarantee of safety and protection that you cannot find elsewhere. Try it and be convinced at our expense. Sample free. 1 gallon, $1.50, 5 gal- lons, $6.50, 10 gallons, $12.00, freight paid. W. J. MARTIN CHEMICAL CO., PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTS, KANKAKEE, ILLINOIS. 10 TYREE’S Antiseptic Powder “A STABLE NECESSITY” Dr. G. Randal, Vetezinary Surgeon, 510 E. 17th St., New York City, concluding a most interesting report upon the use of Antiseptics in Veterinary Surgery, says: In the treatment of animals as in the treatment of human beings, a good reliable antiseptic is necessary. I had been employing Bi-Chloride and Acid Carbolic, heretofore, but the results were so negative at times that I was compelled to kill some very valuable animals. I must frankly admit that I was most sceptical regarding Tyree’s powder, but at last consented to “try it” and I congratulate you on the very remarkable results obtained by its use. I use it and order it used in so very many conditions that to mention ALL would take up too much time and space, but I will mention a few con- ditions in which I have found the powder of great value. In the treatment of wounds I use the powder (1 0z.to one quart of water) in solution, and have the wound thoroughly washed and syringed, then washed with tepid water after which I make a moist dressing and re-dress every other day (moist dressing is made by using 1 oz. of Tyree’s Antiseptic Powder to 1% qts. of water), dipping either gauze or cotton in it. For flea bites and fleas I have never yet found its equal—all that is necessary is to rub the powder into the hair thoroughly, being careful not to get it into the animal’s eyes ; repeat this daily and its work is certain. For thesore mouths of sheep it is an excellent thing to use, especially when you make the solution one or two teaspoonfuls of the powder to 1 pint of water ; rub this in the mouth with a swab and repeat daily—it cures canker in short order. In shoe boils, burns, granulations, pus sacks, and all kinds of bites of insects it is a valuable and faithful aid to the doctor. Inflammations yield to its soothing influence, and in all conditions of heat in the joints it should be used in a solution of 1 oz. of powder to 1 qt. of cold water and applied as a moist dressing. I sterilize all my instruments in a 25% solution of the powder and I also use it as a disinfectant in all suppurative wounds caused by the bites of other animals. Allin all, I consider Tyree’s Antiseptic Powder to be the most reliable disinfectant and germicide now on the market, and I also think it cannot be classed in any respect with the many so-called germicides, as it is a product distinctly by itself, when it comes to ‘‘Class.” Clinical data, chemical and bacteriological reports with Sample upon request, 25 Cents a box, prepaid. J. S. TYREE, CHEMIST, WASHINGTON, D. C. 13 Painless Surgical Operations Made Possible on All Domestic | Animals Without Ether or Chloroform. The Abbott-Lanphear Hypodermic Method Used. Nothing in medicine has ever created such a sensation or is of as great and far reaching importance as the introduction of H-M-C Anesthetic Tablets. Over six millions have been used and not one just complaint has been received. Anesthetic Analgesic Antispasmodic Hypnotic The proportions of Hyoscine, Morphine and Cactin (“H-M-C-Abbott”) are so perfectly blended that the desirable synergistic properties of each anesthetic drug (together with the wonderful balancing power of cactin) is secured, while all unpleasant features are entirely eliminated. The patient, after one dose, becomes quiet; and after two almost invari- ably sinks into a profound sleep during which, supplemented at times, if necessary, by a very few drops cf ether or chloroform, operations of the greatest magnitude may be performed; and that profound rest so essential after an operation is secured without further use of any drugs. H-M-C is not only useful as a general anesthetic, but is indicated in all painful diseases where quiet is necessary until elimination by the action of other drugs is accomplished. In colics, azoturia, tetanus and laminitis it will be found to act like a charm. it is the best known antidote for strychnine poisoning of the dog, acting like magic. STANDARD FORMULA: H-M-C-ABBOTT, No. 1. Hyoscine Hydrobromide, gr. 1/100; Morphine Hydrobromide, gr. 1/4; Cactin (from Cactus Grandiflorus), gr. 1/67. The above is the formula of our No. 1 standard tablet. Our No. 2 tablet is just one-half this strength. The No. 2, properly used, is sufficient for full anesthesia in a dog weighing about 25 pounds. For use among the larger domestic animals we also make a tablet § times and one 10 times the strength of our Standard Tablet. “STYLE OF PACKACE AND Se age ; Oo. No. 2 No’ Per tube of 25. tablets. .. 60s cassssveseerees - $0.40 $o.30 ify Per bottle of 100 tablets,. .. 20... cout I.50 I.10 H-M-C-Special, 5 times strength of No. 1, Tubes of Io only each $0.60 H-M-C-Special, to times strength of No. 1, Tubes of 10 only each $1.00 Order direct or through your druggist. Money back if not satisfied. “-culars giving full details with case reports and special introductory + on request. Correspondence solicited. Home office only. ry Department. ABBOTT ALKALOIDAL CoO., Ravenswood Station, Chicago. P 324 Pacific BIk., Phelan Blidg., Seattle, Wash. St. Louis, Mo. 12 The Ideal Antiseptic for Veterinary Use. Jhera Absolutely Non-Poisonous and Non-Irritating. The great value of THERAPOGEN as an antiseptic depends not alone on its power to destroy bacteria—which power is as great as any other germicidal agent within the limitations of safe, non-irritating action—but on its very potent stimulating action on cellular growth and functions, as well as its powerto markedly increase local phagocytosis. As a cleansing and healing agent, THERAPOGEN has no equal. 74-5 @@) Kills Insects and Vermin on Animals, DESTROYS TICKS ON CATTLE, and is a most valuable remedy for mange. THYMOGEN An antiseptic healing powder of great efficiency in the treatment of wounds. Allays pain and burning, inhibits and prevents germ growth, and stimulates the processes of tissue repair. | If you are as yet not acquainted with these preparations, send at once for FREE SAMPLES. H. LIEBER & CO., 1 PLATT STREET, : NEW YORK CITY. 13 oa —~— Pence, iain i al Just Published THE PRODUCTION AND HANDLING OF CLEAN MILK By KENELM WINSLOW, M.D.; M.D.V.; B.A.S. (Harv.) Formerly Instructor in Bussey Agricultural Institute and Assistant Professor in the Veterinary School of Harvard University. Author of a text book on Veterinary Materia Medica and Therapeutics; Chairman of the Committee on Milk of the Washington State Medical Association, etc. A complete, plain, practical and authoritative guide to the pro- duction and distribution of clean milk for farmers, health officers, milk inspectors, students of agriculture and dairying, country gentle- men, physicians and others interested in matters pertaining to dairy- ing and hygiene. No movement is attracting more attention at present, nor is any more important as regards the health of the country. Health authorities all over the civilized world are enforcing higher requirements for market milk, This is a new subject, and it behooves all connected with the dairy industry to keep informed of the latest knowledge about the matter. This book gives all practical details about clean milk from the time it leaves the cow until it reaches the consumer. There are illustrations of all the necessary utensils and apparatus, and of barns and milk-houses. The relation of germs to the production of clean milk is clearly described. There is a section on milk inspection, including all necessary laboratory * tests, chemical and bacteriological, with description of the latest technique. The book also contains a general outline of a scheme for the control, supervision and inspection of a city milk supply. Size 63 x 93, xii + 207 pages, many illus., including 1 colored and 15 full-page plates. PRICE $2.50 This Book will be sent post paid for the price by the publishers WILLIAM R. JENKINS CO. 851 and 853 Sixth Avenue, New York. { 14 0966 ee Wie > ne AAO ari ae ape Ail grves 22 * | amma et (1) h j — Bs j ‘0 QAA ¥ a c a" ae Se AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW EDITED BY PROF. A. LIAUTARD, M.D., V.M. Member Central Society of Veterinary Medicine (Paris). Foreign Corresponding Member Academy of Medicine Veterinary Surgeons (England). elles ( Belgique). Prof. ROBERT W. Honorary Fellow Royal College of AND ELLIS, D.Y.S. WITH THE COLLABORATION OF Prof. W. J. CoATEs, M.D., D.V.S., New | York-American Veterinary College. Prof. O. SCHWARZKOPF, vay: USS Army, Fort Sam Houston, Texas. Prof. W. L. WILiiAMs, V.S., New York State Veterinary College Ithaca, N. Y. Prof. S. STEWART, Kansas City Veterinary College, Kansas City, Mo. M. H. McKituip, M.D., V.S., of McKillip Veterinary College, Chicago, Ill. F. C. GRENSIDE, V.S., Pres’t V.M.A., New York City. Prof. M. H. REYNOLDS, University of Minne- sota, St. Anthony Park, Minn. Wma. H. DALRYMPLE, M.R.C.V.S., Veter- inarian Louisiana Ag. Exp. Sta., Baton Rouge, La. D. ARTHUR HUGHES, Ph.D., D.V.M., In- spector Commissary Dept., U.S. Army, Chicago, Ill. Prof. LEONARD PEARSON, Dean Vet. Dept., eee of Penn., etc., Philadelphia, a L. A. MERILLAT, V.S., Chicago Veterinary College, Chicago, Il]. D. E. Satmon, D.V.M., University of Mon- tevideo, Uruguay. Prof. VERANUS A. Moore, New York State Veterinary College, Ithaca, N. Y. RICHARD P. LYMAN (Harvard), Sec’y A. V. M.A., Kansas City Veterinary College, Kansas City, Mo. C.J. MARSHALL,V.M.D., Pres’tPa.S.V.M.A., Philadelphia, Pa. Joun P. O’LEARY, V.M.D., Bureau of Animal Industry, Buffalo, N. Y. And several others. VOLUME XXXV. NEW YORK: PUBLISHED BY AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW, 509 WEST 152d STREET. _ - = Gurtaresn \horuaany Nepre al. Cale Ov t x o-; TU \ AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW. APRIL, 1909. EDITORIAL. EUROPEAN CHRONICLES. Paris, Feb. 15, 1909. Although it is already three months since the worthy Secre- tary of the American Veterinary Medical Association has sent me the circular he has issued relating to the next meeting of the Association at Chicago, I regret to have been unable to notice it in our pages before this. In the body of the circular Dr. Lyman urges not only the necessity for the presence of a great number of our colleagues at Chicago to the convention which will be held during the four days beginning Tuesday, September 14, 1909,* but calls also earnestly for new applica- tions for membership. If there are over 4,000 eligible veteri- - narians practising in the U. S. and Canada it is obviously curious that only goo of them are members of an association which is soon going to be able to celebrate her 50th anniver- sary. It is to be hoped that the recommendation of the secre- tary will find good responses and that the candidates shall sur- pass in number those of the preceding years. The circular con- cludes with the offering of the following resolutions adopted by _ the Association which will be arranged in pamphlet form for - the members. : | First, concerning the reliability and efficiency of the Tuber- culin Test—Resolved, That the experience which has been ac- cumulated in great amount since the discovery of tuberculin * Date changed to September 7, 8, 9 and Io, 1909. 1 i) EDITORIAL, shows conclusively, and now more clearly than ever before, that it affords an accurate and reliable means for diagnosing tubercu- losis in cattle. The percentage of errors from the use of tuber- culin when properly applied 1s so small as to be of no moment when compared with the vast benefits that accrue from its proper use. While the tuberculin test is not infallible, as nothing in medicine or life is infallible, nevertheless, it affords incompar- ably the most perfect means available for the diagnosis of tuber- culosis in the hve animal. ‘Second, referring to the Standard of the Milk Bacteriologi- cal Count—Resolved, That the American Veterinary Medical Association approves the recommendation of the Committee of the Laboratory Section of the American Public Health Associa- tion on Methods and Standards of Bacterial and Microscopic Examination of Milk. ~ Third, the most desirable method of dealing with tuber- culous animals—Resolved, That we approve the following as general standards of procedure in dealing with condemned tu- berculous cattle: (a) There should be partial and perhaps de- creasing indemnity to owners. (b) Indemnity should be linuted to cattle previously owned in a state for a suitable period. (c) Killing should be done under competent official inspection. (d) Passed carcasses should be utilized as fat for human food. (e) Provision should be made for the most economical use of the condemned carcasses. Owners should be always given the option of the Bang Method of dealing with tuberculous cattle. There is an unfortunate condition, however, in that date of the Chicago meeting, 14th of September. It is that it corre- sponds exactly with the date of the 9th Jnternational Veterinary Congress, which is to be held at The Hague between the 13th and 19th of September, and to which so many American veteri- narians are somewhat bound to attend by being members of the National Committee for the United States, organized by my friend Prof. Leonard Pearson. I merely mention this, as the circumstances may have escaped the attention of the interested EDITORIAL. 3 parties. There are in the National Committee names that would represent well for the United States at The Hague, but that -it would be regrettable not to see in Chicago. Among the visitors of the European veterinarians who visited America last year and were at Philadelphia and Washington, Americans have made friends. Would it not be good for the American profes- sion to have a large delegation so as to permit the colleagues of the old world to appreciate and learn to know better and more intimately their brethren of the new? * * x GERM CARRIERS AND TypHoIp FEver.—I had just been looking again over the little circular 118 of the B. A. I. where the work of Doctor E. C. Schroeder, the Superintendent of the Experiment Station of the Department of Agriculture is re- corded. ‘‘ The unsuspected but dangerous tuberculous cows;” where it is said “that we are forced to assume for practical purposes that every tuberculous cow is dangerous from the mo- ment she is known to be affected. We know that if she is not immediately dangerous she will rarely fail to become so, first intermittently, expelling tubercle bacilli occasionally and then - continuously . . . The dangerously tuberculous cow from Spe FET the provisional point of view is an animal that is expelling tu- bercle bacilli from the body, either with her milk, urine, feces, saliva or otherwise, in such numbers and with such frequency that their presence can be certainly detected. The examination made at the Experiment Station shows that the commonest way in which tubercle bacilli pass from the body of a tuberculous cow is with the feces . . .” And then I had glanced to the illustrations which represented seven cows, and read their con- cise history. All were in apparent excellent health. Their con- dition might be called excellent; some had fully developed udders, but they still were affected with tuberculosis for various lengths of time; and in all, tubercle bacilli were found in various quantities in their faeces and were passed by the animals, thus spreading means of possible infection at large. Then the Presse 4 : EDITORIAL. Médicale came to pay me its semi-weekly visit and in it I found almost the very continuation of the article of Doctor Shroeder that I had been reading, almost the same question; subject for comparative pathology question. The article was headed ‘Germ Carriers and Typhoid Fever ”’ (Porteurs de germes et fievre typhoide). The existence of germ carriers and distributors of Eberth bacilli is now accepted, but one point seems yet to remain doubtful, viz: the impor- tance that they have to the point of view of contagion of typhoid fever. According to some German statistics, out of 6,700 typhics examinations made in three years 310 continued to pass Eberth bacilli for more than 10 weeks after their recov- ery. Of these some kept their condition for three months, others remained so permanently. These 310 subjects gave the disease to 276 cases. Conclusions: The bacilli that germ car- riers transport and distribute round them are virulent. Women form the greatest number of the carriers of Eberth bacilli and are extremely dangerous, specially those that are servants and employed as cooks. There are instances where infection has taken place from eating food prepared by persons who cared sick people or by others that had recovered but were carriers of microbes. * x * The history recorded by Doctor Soper at the Biological So- ciety of Washington, says Doctor Debre, where a chronic typhoid germ distributor is related is worth reproducing. Soper went to Oyster Bay to visit a family where six persons were affected with typhoid fever. Searchings for the causes of the contamination were made thoroughly; and in all, milk, cream, water, vegetables, fruits, etc., etc., the results were negative. It was found, however, that the first case had occurred ten days after engaging a new cook. Further inquiry about her revealed the fact that during ten years she had worked in eight families, and that in every one from ten days to several weeks after her EDITORIAL. D5 entrance in the house, typhoid fever appeared; taking princi- pally the other servants working with her and also the people for whom she worked. In ten years she had been the cause of 36 cases of typhoid fever. She carried quantities of bacilli in her feces for years . . . It is not only cooks like her that are dangerous, but any bacilli carriers may that have to prepare _or assist in the preparation of human food. The number of cases due to that cause is considerable, although not correctly known. Of course, there is a great difference with the dangers that may result in the condition of the germ carriers, between those that carry the bacilli of Koch and that of Eberth and there is no relation between them, but yet there can be no doubt that as far as the result, the contagion, is concerned, for both diseases it is the same, the cause is alike. But the sanitary measures that both diseases require differ widely. If the tubercle carrier can be destroyed, for the other dangerous living beings the only possible way to guard against infection would be to abso- lutely prevent carriers and distributors of germs to be employed to prepare human alimentary substances until they are found to be free from bacilli. A measure which I believe is carried out in New York State by the Detention Hospital. * x x THERAPY OF OIL oF TURPENTINE.—lf oil of turpentine has strong irritating properties when applied upon the surface of the skin, on the contrary it is harmless upon mucous membranes and solutions of continuity. And not only does it not irritate these surfaces in a noticeable manner, but even sometimes it seems to _ have a soothing effect. Besides this, when it is applied upon wounds, or ulcerations with soft granulations and serous secre- | tion, it improves them rapidly and brings them to quick cica- trization. It dries up muco-purulent discharges. And its use- fulness is appreciated in producing amicrobian abscesses of - fixation or in the treatment of so-called shoulder lameness. 6 EDITORIAL. All those properties are well known; but for what it is less resorted to, is for the great value of its injection, or of sys- tematic painting, over the inside surface of open suppurating or sero-bloody cavities. In the Recueil de Medecine Veterinaire, an army veteri- narian, Mr. P. Charon, has recently published the results he has obtained, and related a few cases where by the use of oil of tur- pentine, the length of time the animals were laid up was con- siderably shortened and recovery simplified. A mare had a very deep wound of the thigh, between the long vastus and the semi-tendinosus muscles. She had been under treatment for over one month; treated at last with in- jections of turpentine, she recovered in twenty days.—A horse had fistulous withers, spinous processes of vertebrae and part of the cartilage of the scapula have been removed. ‘The dis- charge was profuse; five or six injections brought cicatrization in ten days.—A mare had a sore back, which had become com- plicated from various causes and remained rebellious to all treat- ment for several weeks. In four days a few cubic centimeters of the oil of turpentine were injected and followed by a rapid closing of the wound. But where Mr. Charon has principally had brilliant success is in the treatment of sero-bloody cysts, no matter in what region they were, in which the treatment consisted in free incision and daily coatings of the cavity with a layer of oil of turpentine. The length of time required for arrest of suppuration and the cicatrization has varied between six and eighteen days, when the animal ‘could be returned to work. In only one exception the animal was under treatment for twenty-four days, but with him it was only in the last six- teen days that the turpentine was resorted to. Without mentioning more cases, Mr. Charon puts the ques- tion, How does the oil of turpentine act? and he says: “ The paintings of the inside of the walls of open sero-bloody or puru- ~ lent cavities or the injections within these of spirit of turpen- tine is not accompanied with nervous irritation, there is no itch- EDITORIAL, 7 ing, as it is observed in the sub-cutaneous injections of spirit free from guaiacol. The peculiar action of the oil comes from its physico-chemical properties. It is true that we do not know what changes turpentine undergoes in the blood and in the - tissues, but we know that exposed to the air, the spirits of tur- pentine attracts energetically the oxygen of the atmosphere in ozonizing it. For some, this ozonizing action is continued after absorption in the organism, even on the level of the eliminating surfaces. It can then be understood that this ozonization takes place in direct contact with the tissues where air can reach and where aerobic microbes, oxygen fixators, grow and multiply. Superticially the slight, soothing irritation occasioned by oil of turpentine is sufficient to promote in the wounds or cysts a true cellular activity. When in contact with the spirit, the blood becomes redder and richer in white corpuscles, an abundant leucocytose takes place, and the consequence of this leucocytar increase is a vital, phagocytar, acute anti-microbian activity, with a less production of pus, a more complete utilization of © the whole white corpuscles in the work of repairs. The anti- microbian antiseptic power is explained by the absorption of a certain quantity of water when in the presence of tissues with EAS ES aM PR eek alkaline reaction and by the transformation of the oil of turpen- tine into terpine and terpinol. If this antiseptic power has been taken advantage of in the treatment of pulmonary gangrene, cancer, lock-jaw, anasarca and others, it can be easily under- stood that when in the presence of the ordinary vulgar microbes of suppuration, oil of turpentine can act efficaciously. * * * THERAPEUTY.—May I be allowed a few remarks on Thera- _peuty and refer to a communication from a German paper, ~ Munchen. Medec. Wochenschrift, by Dr. P. Erlich, upon Ar- _ SENIc, AToxyL and TRYPANOSOMES. _ The phenomena of the vital coloration of tissues constitutes certainly one of the most curious facts of biology. It is diffi- 8 EDITORIAL, cult to understand why the methylen of blue, for instance, colors nervous tissue, neutral red cellular granulations, pyrol red the interstitial tissue of testicles. For want of a better explanation, a special affinity of this or that substance by this or that com- plexity of cells is admitted. Therefore, according to the termin- ology of Erlich, the existence is admitted, in relation with vital coloration, of chemical substances neurotropic and _ lipotropic. But does that tropism exist only for chemical substances prop- erly so called? In a recent conference at the German Society of Chemistry, Erlich has again mentioned on this subject the substances resulting from the cellular activity and which are formed in the organism during an artificial or spontaneous im- munization. These substances are strictly bacteriotropic, in this, that they would fix themselves upon bacterias and destroy them, without having the slightest action upon the organism itself. Erlich believes that it is in the researches of analogous sub- stances that the future of therapeuty rests. Can this research be made in a scientific manner, that takes for its guide, facts already established at present? Are they facts authorizing the thought that bactericid substances, de- prived of all toxicity upon organism shall be made? Erlich be- lieves it and during his conference, mentioned to support his opinion, a series of very curious experiments, concerning the action of arsenic and atoxyl upon tryponosomes. We know that arsenic has proved less eificacious, in the treatment of try- panosomes, than atoxyl, which is a meta-arsen anilide. Then, if in a molecule of this substance is introduced acetic acid, a new compound is obtained which has scarcely any toxicity for the organism but whose bacteriotropic action is con- siderably increased. This new substance is the arsenyl-acetic acid. | % * ** Experiments made with this acid have shown besides a very curious fact. Jn vitro, trypanosomes are not affected, even by concentrated solutions of this acid. But on the contrary when EDITORIAL, 9 this acid is injected, even very diluted, to an animal infected with trypanosomes, those are rapidly destroyed in the organism. How can this inefficacy of acetic-arsenic acid in vitro, and its very energetic action in the organism, be explained? Can it be admitted that being decomposed in the organism, this acid gives birth to a bactericid substance? Must it be supposed that this acid acts by stimulating the production of amboceptors from the cells? The answer is given by a handsome experiment of Erlich. Upon trypanosomes, 71 witro, is made to act, in various de- grees of concentration, an oxidated arsenical compound, exces- sively toxic and a reduced bivalent arsenical mixture, having a toxicity much reduced. It will be observed that the oxydated compound does act upon the trypanosomes only in a concentra- tion of I p. 20. By opposition, the reduced product kills instan- taneously trypanosomes at a concentration of I p. 100,000, in 3 minutes if concentrated in proportion of I p. 500,000, in 18 minutes in concentration of I p. 10,000,000. The deduction is that the inefficacy of an arsenical product, im vitro, and its efficacy in the organism depends simply on the transformation in the organism of the oxydated into a reduced product. Likewise, again starting from the same principle. chemistry can find new combinations with remarkable affinity. Thus Erlich having met with trypanosomes, which resisted the action of all the arsenical preparations that he had. Guided by some considerations, he has prepared a new compound of arsenic, the arsen-phenyl-glycine, which has proved very efficacious against refractory trypanosomes. * ** * Coric.—The subject of colic is one which always presents some points of interest, no matter if it is merely the relating of a single case or that of a series of observations, there is always something to gather from it. The Veterinary Record of Jan- uary of this year, has from Mr. Lomas, M. R. C. V. S., an 10 EDITORIAL, article which is a record of the cases of colic which he has had to treat during the space of ten years, and from which good additions to the whole subject of colic can be extracted. The horses were of the various types of vanners used to do a work very severe and where all with few exceptions had to trot more or less. There were 1,244 cases of colic attended to, and they were in the record arranged according to years and months. In a first table, it is stated that successively from Jan- uary to December in those ten years, the number of cases seen have been 100, 100.90, 108, 89, 89, 107, 115, 135, 92, 117 and at a first glance it appears as if the influence of the weather and season had something to do with the causation of the colic; as indeed, the months where the number of cases were the largest, October and December, are those where bad weather prevails. But Mr. Lomas has not arrived at that conclusion, or at least if bad weather has. an influence, it is not a direct one but an indirect, which is namely the increase of work. In these months, indeed, the work is the hardest. And again apart from this, it has been noticed that, such factor, work, is, that it has been quite rare to have a case of colic on Sunday, when almost all the horses are resting and those that work do so lightly. The number of deaths amounted to 77. for which 32 are credited as due to twist of the intestines and 25 to volvulus. Has the hardest work any relation with these two causes of death? Comparing the figures as they are given by month, it is observed that as the work 1s harder, which is always the case in autumn, there is an increase in the number of twists, 5 in September, 7 in October, and there is also a majority of deaths from volvulus in the second half of the year as compared with the first when the work is less severe. -A point of interest with the statement of Mr. Lomas, is that the death rate is very largely controlled by the youth of the horses and the work exacted from them. For instance, in the three first periods of service, 13, 13, and 15 horses have died and the average of deaths fell down afterwards to 3 to 2 and I to ies ARIE 2G EDITORIAL. — 11 none as the animals grew older and better fitted to stand the work. Old horses, over 3’ years in service, have colic but the death rate is very low as compared with those of shorter = service. "gO RNA ag I + ENT ae hele a i a After these interesting statistics Mr. Lomas makes allusion to the frequency of the occurrence of twists taking place in the large colon at the beginning and the termination of that portion of the intestines and in relation with this, mentions that a twist at this place, has a characteristic diagnostic symptom, viz: the blanching of the visible mucous membranes, which is distinctly recognizable two hours before death. For him also, when cases, which present themselves first with intermittent pains, suddenly change with continuous sufferings, it is at that time that the twist occurs. At least it has been so in the cases he has seen. At first an advocate of Eserine, he met with a certain number of cases which proved fatal which he rather attributed to the use of that drug, he stopped using it, but found that he had twist just as well with or without. There is no doubt that these facts make a good addition to the general literature of colic! aA * *K ATHEROMA.—Atheroma is known as an affection which exists in horses, but to what extent is probably not generally — appreciated. On that account the investigations that I find recorded in the Comptes Rendus of the Société de Biology - are interesting. It is actually admitted by many scientists that intestinal in- toxication plays a very important part in the etiology of the athe- - roma. As the intoxication depends certainly on the condition _ of the microbian flora, which varies according to the kind of alimentation, it was evident, said M. M. Weinberg and A. Vieil- lard, that it was interesting to know exactly the proportion of cases of atheroma in herbivorous animals in comparison with those that were found in animals which are submitted to carniv- orous or mixed diet. 2 EDITORIAL. It is already asserted that rabbits can present atheromatous lesions, not as the results of experimentation but naturally. These lesions have been found in 48 cases out of 692 rabbits or in 6.6 per cent. of the cases. What is the frequency in horses? Already Kitt, Cadeac, Hans Lyding, Ball have made in- vestigations in relation to the vascular lesions of horses, but they have not given a very exact idea of the frequency of these lesions. M. M. Weinberg and Vieillard have examined, at one of the abattoirs of Hippophagy in Paris, 1,511 horses, made careful inspection of the heart, the aorta and its principal branches and they have found very remafkable facts, which they gathered into a table showing that atheroma of the aorta was found in 57 cases, and that of the coeliac trunk in 58 cases, say 7.6 per cent. of the cases. The lesions existed at the cross of the aorta and often on a level with its diaphragmatic portion. In the majority of cases the calcareous deposits presented the same aspect as those of the spontaneous atheroma of rabbits. Castration does not seem to have any action or influence in the etiology or development of the lesions. Out of 44 cases where lesions existed, 27 were in stallions and mares, the other 17 in geldings. However; in stallions the calcareous deposits of the aorta were much larger than those found in geldings. The same can be said in relation to the organs with internal secretion. One small adenoma was found in a suprarenal cap- sule and 4 cases in the thyroid gland out of 57 atheromatous horses. The conclusions of the communication are resumed: 1.—Out of 1,511 horses, 7.6 per cent. presented atheromatous lesions. 2.—In the great majority of cases, the calcareous deposits had the same aspect as those of the spontaneous disease of rab- bits. Peg re Ei We EDITORIAL. to 3.—Castration and lesions of organs with internal secretion do not seem to have any influence on the etiology or evolution of atheromatous lesions. * * * BIBLIOGRAPHICAL Notrs.—The publishing house of Taylor & Carpenter, at Ithaca, has sent us a-third edition of the Path- ology and Differential Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases of Ani- mals, by Doctor Veranus A. Moore, the worthy Director of the New York State Veterinary College. It is just two years ago that I had the great pleasure to notice in our pages the - second edition of the same work, and it is very gratifying to see that whatever praise | may have given to the work then, students and practitioners have appreciated, by obliging the author to re- vise and enlarge the new edition. It is not that it forms a much larger book, nor that the revision has made it entirely a new work, no. But in perusing, while one may find again the same arrangement in the revision and contents of the chapters, yet additions are met with in quite sufficient numbers to give the third edition the aspect that whatever new facts in the pathology and differential diagnosis of infectious diseases may have come out in the last two years, Dr. Moore has not failed to take ad- vantage of them and to present them to his future readers, which no doubt will again be plenty and will make for the work another success. *K * *K For the students in our many schools, Doctor H. D. Hanson, the recently appointed Professor of Materia Medica and Thera- peutics in the Faculty of the Veterinary Department of New York University, the New York-American Veterinary College, has just offered the second edition of his Practice of Equine Medicine, which, following the examples of some authors, he publishes himself. Hanson’s Practice of Equine Medicine is a work that by its value ought to have commanded a larger number of editions, 14 EDITORIAL, unless the printed copies issued in the first have been too numer- ous. Arranged as it is by questions and answers it is an in- dispensable work which must fill the essential purpose for which » it is written and well written. Of course, as the author says, it is interesting to the busy practitioner; but I think that for stu- dents it is the work by excellence when at a certain time of his studies he wants to review and prepare himself for proper an- swering to possible questions when the critical moment of the examination has come. The first edition issued some years ago was favorably re- ceived by the profession, the second will prove still more satis- factory, no doubt and we can hope for an early third edition, this time considerably enlarged; as if condensation is good, a little magnifying would give Practice of Equine Medicine a more imposing and valuable aspect. AL. THE CORNERSTONE. It may be interesting to readers of the Review, especially at this time as our thoughts turn to our forthcoming interna- tional veterinary convention at Chicago in September, to know that, figuratively speaking, the cornerstone of the American Veterinary Medical Association was laid in that city in 1890. It was in Chicago in September of that year that the late Dr. Charles B. Michener, then President, said: “ To-day we place the cornerstone; the foundation of our association has been building since June, 1863.’’ The association met again in Chi- cago in 1893, when another big stride was taken in advance. More than a quarter of a century, 1863-1890, to some of the younger members of the profession may seem a long time for the building of a foundation, although it is not strange at all that such a long period of time was consumed for this all- important part of the work which was undertaken and had to be carried on for many years by a few far-seeing, self-sacrificing cng he OE EDITORIAL. 15 men whose ideals are at last being rapidly realized throughout the length and breadth of the American continent. These men well knew that a substantial and enduring foundation could not be built in a hurry without well-laid plans and carefully- drawn specifications. The wisdom of laying the cornerstone at Chicago, and not in one of the large Eastern cities where the association had its inception and where all its meetings, except one, had been held, has been demonstrated in many and unmistakable ways. AI- though named the United States Veterinary Medical Associa- tion, it had the characteristics more of a local than a national organization prior to 1890 and it was not until 1898, at the Omaha convention, that it became an international body. The cornerstone was well laid, at the right place and with the right kind of cement, and by the action of the Omaha con- vention in 1898 the association was enabled to carry out more fully its noble purposes and has become potential in the ad- vancement and upbuilding of the profession on this continent without regard to political limits or geographical boundaries. Those who attend the 1909 meeting will have the satisfaction of _ seeing and learning something of the imposing edifice whose cornerstone was laid at Chicago in 1890, and is being erected by the American veterinary profession upon a foundation which took more than a quarter of a century to build. The profession of the entire continent now enjoys intimate relationship and the broad scope and important character of the work of the Amer- ican Veterinary Medical Association is too well known by the profession throughout the world to need further comment. The association now has a large and highly creditable Ca- nadian membership. The 1903 convention was held at Ottawa, Canada. No better evidence of the fraternal ties that unite the veterinarians of Canada and the United States could be given than the fact that at the last annual convention held at Phila- delphia, in 1908, Dr. John G. Rutherford, Veterinary Director- General and Live Stock Commissioner of the Dominion of Can- 16 EDITORIAL, aca, was elected to the presidency of the American Veterinary Medical Association and consequently we shall have the dis- tinguished honor of having our Canadian colleague preside at our deliberations at the Chicago convention. The REviEw has always advocated the Central West as the very best possible meeting place for the A. V. M. A. Chicago is the ideal spot, not Western at all, but central and equally access- ible from all parts of the continent. The railroad facilities are the best in the world and the accommodations in Chicago for a large convention are unsurpassed anywhere. These advantages Chi- cago has to offer to conventions of all kinds, but aside from her central location, accessibility, railroad and hotel accommoda- | tions she has special and peculiar attractions for the progressive veterinarian. Here are to be seen the great horse and live stock markets, stockyards, abattoirs and packing-houses; the meat- inspection service of the federal Bureau of Animal Industry as conducted in mammoth establishments; unsurpassed facilities for pathological exhibits, unlimited material among the several classes of live stock for clinical study and demonstration, to say nothing of the interest the veterinarian has in veterinary education and administration work for which the Western me- tropolis is noted. The meetings in recent years have all been well attended, each one better than the preceding one and notable additions have been made to the membership at each meeting. While proud of the splendid meetings, yet we look forward to something at Chicago that will eclipse the largest veterinary conventions and congresses that have ever been heid in the annals of veterinary progress in any country of the world. If the 46th annual meet- ing of the A. V. M. A. is not thoroughly representative of the present progressive condition of the American veterinary pro- fession as well as being by hig odds the largest veterinary meet- ing ever assembled in this or any other country we do not inter- pret the signs aright. We also venture the prediction that there will be several hundred applicants knocking at our doors for EDITORIAL. 17 _ admission to-memibership. After all is said and done the 1909 meeting, like all other meetings of scientific bodies, will be _ judged by the scope and character of its deliberations and ac- -complishments rather than by the multitude in attendance. It therefore behooves those who contemplate contributing to the program to make adequate preparations at an early date so that _what is offered may be creditable to ourselves and advantageous to the professicn in general. Another thing in connection with these annual meetings is the supreme importance of the enlightenment and direction of public opinion regarding veterinary problems and administra- tion which may be afforded thereby. Our forthcoming meeting offers an exceptional opportunity for this very sort of thing and we are not sure but that the enlightenment and direction of public opinion in America to-day may not be quite as important to the health and wealth of mankind as the advancement of the science itself, HaANGED ON Moruer’s Bacx.—The oddest story of the kill- ing of a calf in the annals of the profession comes from Farmer William Reid, of Chester county, Pa. While the cow lay in her stall at night, a calf, tied in the same stall, clambered over her. The cow rose, lifted the calf on her back, and when morning came there it was, dead, hanged on its mother’s back. RELEASE OF QUARANTINE FOR SHEEP ScAB.—As a result of the good progress made by the Bureau of Animal Industry in co-operation with state authorities in the eradication of sheep scab, an order has been issued by the Secretary of Agriculture, effective April I, removing the federal quarantine on account of this disease from Montana and from portions of North Da- kota and South Dakota lying south and west of the Missouri river. The states and territories remaining in quarantine for this disease are Washington, Oregon, California, Nevada, Utah, | Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas. The infection in parts of this area is so slight and such good headway is being made toward its eradication that the Bureau hopes to be able to release further territory from quarantine during the pres- Sent year. ORIGINAL ARTICLES. THE ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF TUBERCULOSIS OF FOOD-PRODUCING ANIMALS.* By A. D. MEtvin, D.V.S., CHieF oF THE UNriTED STATES BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY, WASHINGTON, D. C. INTRODUCTORY. It is the purpose of this paper to call attention briefly to the serious injury which tuberculosis causes to the live stock in- dustry from the economic standpoint, and to suggest means of overcoming it, discussing the subject as it affects the United States. Regardless of the question of the communicability of tuberculosis from animals to man and the bearing of animal tuberculosis on the public health, it is a well known fact that this disease causes heavy financial loss to the live stock industry; and while the saving of human life affords the highest motive for combating tuberculosis, the prevention of financial loss is alone a sufficient reason for undertaking the eradication of the disease from our farm animals. The movement in the last few years for a more wholesome food supply has resulted in drawing attention to the part played by tuberculosis as regards both health and economics. It must be realized that the exclusion of tuberculous meat and dairy products from the food supply means a reduction in the quantity of available food, with a corresponding tendency to an increase in the cost of necessaries of life. The economic problem therefore — *Read before the International Congress on Tuberculosis, Washington, D. C., 1908. 18 ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF TUBERCULOSIS, 19 - concerns not only the stock raiser and the producer but the con- sumer, which means practically everybody. No nation is so wealthy that it can afford to sacrifice, year after year, a con- siderable and increasing proportion of its food supply, especially when by proper means the loss can be reduced and in time pre- vented entirely. This is a problem that must be faced eventually, and the earlier this is understood the more easily it can be solved. THE PREVALENCE OF ANIMAL TUBERCULOSIS. While tuberculosis among animals is less prevalent in the United States than in some other countries, it has progressed to an alarming extent even in this country and is undoubtedly on the increase, especially in states where no adequate measures have been taken against it. The animals principally affected are cattle and hogs. The disease readily spreads among cattle that come in close contact with each other, as in dairy herds, and experiments by the Bureau of Animal Industry have shown that it is easily communicated from cattle to hogs by the common practices of giving skim milk to hogs and allowing them to feed on the ex- crement of cattle. The increase of tuberculosis among hogs in _the United States has been very marked in recent years. Sheep and goats are rarely affected, probably because of a natural _ tendency toward immunity or because they are not generally ex- _ posed to infection. The two principal sources of data as to the prevalence of tuberculosis among live stock are: (1) meat inspection statistics, _and (2) records of the tuberculin test. Meat inspection throws Ne light on the disease in cattle, hogs, sheep, and goats, while the MEAT INSPECTION STATISTICS. The federal meat inspection, as extended under the law of June 30, 1906, now covers more than half of all the animals 20 A. D. MELVIN. slaughtered for food in the United States, and the proportion of animals found affected with tuberculosis under this inspection service affords a basis for forming some idea of the extent to which the disease exists among the meat animals of the country. The following table shows the number of animals of each kind slaughtered under government inspection during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1908, and the number and percentage found affected with tuberculosis. Animals slaughtered under federal inspection in the United States, with number and percentage found tuberculous, during fiscal year, 1908. Number Number Percentage Kind. Slaughtered. Tuberculous. Tuberculous. Cathe << ci eh i GEO eTS 68,395 0.961 SVS cee. 1,995,487 524 0.026 Bree oS es 45,113,077 719,309 2.049 EOC Ses achat es 9,702,545 40 0.000 Prete es 45,953 I 0.000 Otel... +. 53,973,337 788,269 I. 460 Even a larger proportion of the animals slaughtered at estab- lishments without federal inspection are tuberculous, as one effect of a rigid inspection is to cause the establishments under inspection to exercise care in buying animals so as to minimize condemnations, while suspicious looking animals are naturally diverted to the small local abattoirs that have no inspection. This was demonstrated by comparing results at establishments soon after they were placed under inspection by the new law with those at establishments where inspection had been in force for a long time, relatively twice as many cattle being condemned for tuberculosis at the former as at the latter places. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF TUBERCULOSIS. at Taking these facts into consideration, it seems likely that more than one per cent. of the beef cattle in the United States are affected with tuberculosis to some degree, while over two per cent. of the hogs slaughtered are affected. THE TUBERCULIN TEST. It is known that dairy cattle are more generally affected than beef cattle, as the tuberculin test has shown that from 5 to 25 per cent. of the cows supplying milk to certain cities were tuber- culous. For instance, tests made in 1907 on a large proportion of the herds supplying milk to the city of Washington showed about 17 per cent. of the cattle reacting. For fifteen years the Bureau of Animal Industry has been preparing tuberculin and supplying it to state and city authorities for official use, besides using it in tests by its own employees. Recently the reports of tests made with this tuberculin during this period have been carefully analyzed and tabulated. Out of 400,000 cattle tested there were 37,000 reactions, or 9.25 per cent. The majority of the cattle tested were dairy cattle, and the _ tests were made under various conditions. By far the larger _ proportion of the tests were made on cattle that had been within a state fora year or more. In some cases tests were made com- pulsorily on all cows supplying milk to a city; in other cases they were made when requested by owners, and in still other when the presence of tuberculosis was suspected in certain herds. It is impossible to determine accurately the weight of all these ' factors; but considering the fact that while dairy cattle largely | predominate their average is reduced by a certain proportion of _ other cattle, and offsetting against this the fact that the testing | of herds under suspicion tends to raise the average somewhat, it | seems reasonable to conclude from these tests that probably ten 22 A. D. MELVIN. per cent. of the dairy cattle in the country are affected with tuberculosis. A remarkable feature of the reports referred to is the man- ner in which the diagnosis by the tuberculin test was confirmed by post mortem examination or reacting - animals that were slaughtered. Out of 24,784 reacting animals slaughtered, lesions of tuberculosis were found in 24,387, a percentage of 98.39. The Bureau has positive knowledge that in at least one state the testing was not done in a careful and reliable manner. If we discard the returns from this state, the proportion of cases in which the tuberculin reaction was confirmed by post mortem is raised to 98.81 per cent. It is possible, too, that in some of the negative cases tuberculosis was really present but the lesions were so slight as to escape detection on post mortem examination by. ordinary methods. Surely these figures, representing the work of scores of individuals in all parts of the United States over a period of fifteen years, bear strong testimony to the mar- velous accuracy of the tuberculin test. Further evidence on this point is afforded by the slaughter, during the past year or two, in or near the city of Washington, of 126 cattle which had re- acted to the test when applied by Bureau veterinarians, with only one failure to find lesions of tuberculosis on post mortem ex- amination, the percentage of accuracy being 99.21. Properly prepared tuberculin applied by competent persons is thus shown to be a wonderfully reliable agent for diagnosing tuberculosis. In cases where the test appears to give unsatis- factory results this is usually due to the use of a poor quality of tuberculin or to ignorance or carelessness in applying it. The following table shows the result of the tests above re- ferred to, arranged according to states: Results of tuberculin tests of cattle by state and federal of- ficers with tuberculin prepared by the Bureau of Animal Industry, 1893 to July 31, 1908, inclusive: ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF TUBERCULOSIS.. 25 = mo 5. $3... 55, x © a ion os ze ei = Se he Kes e v MS oS, ois States. ‘5 S Sb eee = E bp os be o = ow OS eee wD e, 3 x 3 eb a BSS 85% om 3 eS on Sue SoA Z Zi A, a a A, Pett... -< oes 5 20 : RE RM pee a Soe Arizona 49 16 32.65 GEG 16 100.00 California 9,018 1,112 11.56 872 872 100.00 POlorade: ys... 52k 822 50 6.08 14 13 92.86 Connecticut ..... 6,080 852 14.01 750 748 99.73 Delaware ......:. 7 wie ae ne ng eg Dist. of Columbia 8 7 87.50 5 5 100.00 ES re I aus ee ae ee ned RPOCOPSiA .c....--- 49 19 38.78 | at es Aes EE ae eer are A IO Ae ors ee cies ie MURIAOES css oa 7,120 790 II.09 619 507 - 96.45 ee ee 2,935 246 8.38 129 127 98.45 Ms dans he «9 4,020 778 19.35 239 220 92.05 ES eee 120 4 33 4 3 75.00 Kentucky ........ 327 37 II.31 13 12 92.31 aa a 3,264 149 4.56 116 109 93.97 Maryland ........ 58 8 13.79 6 6 100.00 Massachusetts 86,223 11,853 13.75 10,760 10,688 909.34 Michigan ....... 2,155 351 16.29 97 95 97 .O4 Minnesota ....... 1733 3,031 4.99 172 135 78.49 Mississippi ...... 133 9 6.77 eas a eu MaiseOutt 7..,.... 1,680 133 7.Q2 4 4 100.00 emontana ......:. 62 25 40. 33 2 I 50.00 Nebraska .:...... 105 49 46.67 18 18 100.00 New Hampshire.. 164 20 12.18 19 19 100.00 = New Jersey ...... 3.203 828 25.14 584 579 99.15 - New Mexico ..... . 106 T 51 I I 100.00 mew TOTH 2:2 cs 4,034 565 14.00 533 532 99.81 North Carolina .. 1,207 208 17.23 43 28 65.12 ' North Dakota..... 702 130 18.50 13 72 100.00 MEO. . sc. ness aes 2,033 425 T™4.49 69 68 98.55 Cchanoma =... 385 4 1.04 2 2 100.00 RPPON ccc 5 cae 1,466 351 23.94 274 266 97.05 Pennsylvania .... 90 25 27.97 7 y 5 100.00 Rhode Isiand..... 653 125 19.14 104 104 100.00 South Carolina .. 205 4o 10.12 I I 100.00 Tennessee ....... 88 7 7.95 a 1s a (Ea ee 76 oe ae “a “y 23 ee. 120 21 17.50 12 12 100.00 Vermont 2...:... 162,570 10,628 6.54 8,248 8,166 99.00 me varaiia i....... 899 158 17.58 IOI 98 - 907.03 _ Washington ..... 2,779 455 16.37 10 8 80.00 West Virginia... 60 13 21.67 12 12 100.00 ® Wisconsin........ - 32,207 3,477 10.77 O15 802 87.65 Wyoming ........ 2 bees oes ie oi ie ae Oe se: 400,008 37,000 9.25 24,784 24,387 98.39 24 A. D. MELVIN. —————— eC CC In this compilation the following basis has been adopted in — determining what constitutes a reaction, as in the experience of the Bureau of Animal Industry this method has been found to give reliable results: A reaction consists of a rise of 2° F. or more above the highest temperature before injection, provided the maximum temperature after injection reaches 103.8° F. It should also be explained that the number of tests shown in the table represents only those of which the Bureau received reports, and not the entire number of doses of tuberculin pre- pared and distributed by the Bureau during the period. named. | Assuming that Io per cent. represents the prevalence of tu- berculosis among dairy cattle as indicated by tuberculin tests, and I per cent. among cattle slaughtered for beef as shown by the meat-inspection figures, and taking 21,194,000 as the num- ber of milch cows and 50,073,000 as the number of other cattle in the United States on January 1, 1908, as estimated by the Bureau of Statistics of the Depatment of Agriculture, we con- clude that as a general average about 3.5 per cent. of the cattle of this country are affected with tuberculosis. Economic LossEs FROM ANIMAL TUBERCULOSIS. While the financial loss caused by tuberculosis of farm ani- mals can not be calculated with exactness, a study of the subject affords a basis for estimates sufficiently close to show that it is a serious drain on the live-stock industry. Loss ON TUBERCULOUS ANIMALS SLAUGHTERED. The writer recently made an effort to collect reliable data as to the loss caused by tuberculosis in animals slaughtered under government meat inspection. Carefully compiled figures were obtained from a number of large firms engaged in the slaughter- ing and meat-packing business, in one instance the calculations covering an entire year’s business. In arriving at the loss the general method, in brief, was to deduct from the average cost ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF TUBERCULOSIS. 25 of a live animal of a certain class the average amount realized from a tuberculous carcass of that class, the difference repre- senting the loss. Under the inspection system the animals found tuberculous are disposed of in three classes, according to the extent of the disease. Carcasses which show very slight infection may often be safely passed for food after the removal of the lesions, the loss in such cases of course being small. Other carcasses, af- fected to a somewhat greater degree but still not badly diseased, are allowed to be rendered into lard or tallow at a sterilizing temperature after all diseased portions have been cut away and condemned. In these cases the loss is more considerable. A third class comprises carcasses that are considered unfit for food in any form and are totally condemned. ‘The loss on these is still greater, amounting in the case of cattle to about three- fourths of the cost. The salvage consists of the hide, grease, fer- tilizer, etc. The loss on condemned adult cattle was found to vary from $10 to $75 a head, according to grade, price, weight, etc. While the loss per carcass is of course heavier on the higher priced ani- mals, the proportion of condemnations is much greater among the cheaper grades. After weighing these factors and studying _ the figures the writer has concluded that for the purpose of this paper the condemned cattle may be grouped in two general classes, one representing about the average of the better grades, including those known as native and western cattle, in which steers largely predominate, and the other representing the cheaper grades and lighter weights, including “cutters” and “canners,”’ largely cows. At present Chicago market prices the loss on the first class, when condemned, is estimated at $45 a head, and on the second class at $18 a head. These figures are believed to be conservative and below rather than above the actual losses, as are all the estimates made in this article. It is also estimated that two-thirds of the condemnations occur in the cheaper class of cattle and one-third in the higher class. This 26 A. D. MELVIN. proportion gives $27 a head as the general average loss on con- demned cattle. On carcasses rendered into tallow the average loss is estimated at $20. On a percentage basis the combined average loss on cattle carcasses condemned and those rendered into tallow is about 70 per cent. of the cost of the live animals. The loss on beef carcasses passed for food is very slight, being estimated at 50 cents each. The loss on calves condemned is about $7 a head, and the loss on those passed for food after condemning an organ or part is estimated at 25 cents a head. | The average loss on tuberculous hogs is estimated at $8.50 or 55 per cent. of those condemned, $5.75 or 38 per cent. on those rendered into lard, and 50 cents on those passed for food. Applying the foregoing figures to the number of animals found tuberculous in the federal meat inspection during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1908, the annual loss is as follows: Cattle, $710,677; hogs, $1,401,723; sheep and goats, $35; making a total of $2,112,436. The significance of this loss may be better appreciated when it is known that tuberculosis is the cause of two-thirds of the entire loss resulting from condemnations at the time of slaughter in the meat-inspection service. The loss on animals slaughtered without federal inspection can not be so readily computed. Some states and municipalities have more or less efficient inspection systems, but the great ma- jority of the animals slaughtered without government inspection are not subjected to inspection of any kind, and it has already been pointed out that tuberculosis is doubtless more prevalent among them than among those coming under federal inspection. It is safe to say, however, that without inspection the actual loss is very slight. Nevertheless the writer is of the opinion that the loss should be computed as it would occur under efficient inspection. Applying to the number of animals slaughtered without federal inspection the same factors that were used for those coming under inspection, but assuming that the cattle are generally of an inferior quality and worth 25 per cent. less, it is i) ~l ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF TUBERCULOSIS. estimated that the loss because of tuberculosis among animals slaughtered without government inspection would, if proper in- spection were applied, reach $1,720,000 a year, making the aggre- gate estimated loss on all food animals killed in the United States $3,832,436 annually. DEPRECIATION IN VALUE AND OTHER LOSSES. Aside from the loss on animals slaughtered, tuberculosis un- questionably causes a considerable depreciation in the value of those remaining alive. There are no definite data upon which to calculate this depreciation, but it is entirely reasonable to estimate that tuberculous milch cows decrease in value annually at least one-tenth of what the loss would be if they were slaughtered and condemned, while other cattle depreciate annually one-third and hogs one-half of such loss. On this basis, taking the estimate of the Bureau of Statistics of the Department of Agriculture as to ‘the number and value of farm animals in the United States Jan- uary I, 1908, and assuming that 10 per cent. of dairy cattle, I per cent. of other cattle, and 2 per cent. of hogs are tuberculous, the total annual depreciation is no less than $8,049,889. Tuberculosis also has the effect of decreasing the productive- ness of dairy cows by diminishing the yield of milk as well as _ perhaps in some cases by shortening their lives and consequently the period during which they produce milk. Again the amount of the loss is largely a matter of conjecture, but the writer feels that he is within reason in estimating that the average milk yield of a tuberculous cow is ro per cent. less than that of a healthy one, and on this basis the annual loss, valuing milk at wholesale prices, is $1,150,000. Serious damage is caused by tuberculosis from the standpoint of breeding. The disease is found to a greater extent in pure- bred herds than in common stock. In adding fine animals with a view to “ breeding up” his herd an owner may unwittingly also introduce tuberculosis with disastrous results. By causing un- thriftiness and impairment of fecundity, the disease has an ad- verse effect upon the number and value of the offspring. 28 A. D. MELVIN. The influence of tuberculosis toward increasing the cost of meat and dairy products has already been alluded to. There is also a considerable economic loss resulting from the destruction of cattle in the efforts already being made in some states to eliminate the disease. The trade in live animals and in animal food products also suffers losses because of tuberculosis. Doubt- less there are still other sources of loss chargeable to this dis- ease in live stock, such as the expense of maintaining a sanitary service, disinfection of premises, etc. THE AGGREGATE Loss. Taking into consideration the various items mentioned, the tribute which the United States pays each year to this scourge among its farm animals aggregates more than $14,000,000. Such a loss1s too great, merely as a matter of economics, to be allowed to continue and increase from year to year. And when in addi- tion we consider the bearing of animal tuberculosis on human health, it seems imperative that vigorous measures should be taken to eradicate the disease from our herds, especially when such eradication seems entirely possible and practical. THE CONTROL AND ERADICATION oF TUBERCULOSIS. Any efforts to reduce or control tuberculosis of live stock in order to be of lasting virtue must have eradication in view as the final object. We should not temporize with such an insidious malady, but should adopt aggressive measures that will insure success within a reasonable time. : It has been clearly shown by the work of the Bureau of Ani- mal Industry and by other investigations that hogs readily con- tract tuberculosis from cattle and that diseased cattle are the primary source of the infection in hogs. The main problem, therefore, is to eradicate the disease in cattle, and when this is accomplished tuberculosis may easily be eradicated from hogs. The eradication of animal tuberculosis may as well be rec- ognized at the outset as a tremendous undertaking which will re- ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF TUBERCULOSIS. 29 quire not only the best efforts of the authorities in charge, but the sympathy and support of stock owners and the general public. _Large sums of money will be necessary, and in order that ade- quate appropriations may be obtained the necessity and impor- tance of the work must be generally realized and understood. Wuat May BE DONE By INDIVIDUALS. Much may be done by the individual stock owner with proper assistance to exclude and eliminate the disease from his animals. He should be careful to avoid the introduction of tuberculosis into his herd by requiring that any cattle purchased shall have passed the tuberculin test. He can also do much to promote the health of his animals by keeping them in sanitary stables and un- der hygienic conditions. When tuberculosis is suspected he should notify the authorities and have his cattle tested. When the presence of the disease is known the safest course is to have the affected animals slaughtered, but in the case of valuable breed- ing stock, where slaughter would involve great sacrifice, the Bang system of segregation may be used. EDUCATIONAL WoRK. The individual, however, must first be aroused as to the danger of having tuberculosis in his herd and the importance of eradicating it, and he must also be informed as to the nature of the disease and the best methods of combating it. Valuable work in this direction may be done by the general and agricultural press and by official publications, also by lectures at public gath- erings, farmers’ institutes, etc. GOVERNMENT AND STATE MEASURES. If the campaign for the eradication of animal tuberculosis is to be comprehensive, systematic, and generally successful, it must be directed by federal and state officials conjointly, who must be armed with adequate laws and funds and supported by public opinion. Excellent work has been done by the authorities of several states during recent years, but a study of the laws and 30 A. D. MELVIN. regulations of all the states shows that in most of them the im- portance of the subject is not appreciated. Thirteen of the states at present require the tuberculin test on cattle brought in, this requirement usually being limited to cattle intended for dairy or breeding purposes. Fourteen states have provisions for the slaughter of animals found affected with tuberculosis and the payment of indemnity to the owners, while a few others give authority for condemnation and slaughter without making pro- vision for indemnity. The work of the federal government, as carried on by the Bureau of Animal Industry, so far consists in supplying tuber- culin free of charge to state officers, in endeavoring to prevent the interstate shipment of tuberculous animals, and in tracing when practicable the origin of animals found affected with tuber- culosis i in the meat inspection service and notifying state author- ities. As a basis for further work federal and state authorities should first determine to what extent and in what localities tuberculosis exists to the greatest extent among live stock (where this has not already been done), and should first apply the tuber- culin test generally and systematically to cattle in such sections. The safest way of disposing of reacting animals, as pre- viously stated, is to slaughter them. In order to reduce the finan- cial loss to a minimum and at the same time guard against the sale of unwholesome meat, it is well to have such animals slaughtered at abattoirs under federal or other competent veter- inary inspection. In this way a large proportion may be safely passed for food and made to yield their full meat value, while only those whose meat may be dangerous to health will be condemned. In herds where the Si cease is found it is advisable to repeat the tuberculin test at intervals of six months, and after the dis- ease has apparently been wiped out the test should still be applied once a year until it is known that infection does not remain and has not been reintroduced. Inspectors should be a ee ee a ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF TUBERCULOSIS. 31 stationed at important points for the purpose of testing cattle for breeding and dairy purposes, and each state that is endeavoring to eradicate the disease should require that no cattle for breeding or dairy purposes shall be admitted from without the state unless they have passed the tuberculin test. A good method of prevent- ing the spread of tuberculosis among breeding stock would be the establishment by the state of one or more free herds of breeding cattle for the use of stock raisers in the state, or the state could certify to the health of free herds. An effective means of locating and eradicating tuberculosis of live stock would be to establish by state legislation a system of tagging cows sent to market from infected districts for slaughter, so that when they are found tuberculous in the meat inspection they may be traced back to the place of origin, centers of infection located, and steps taken for eradication. The Bu- reau of Animal Industry is already co-operating with the author- ities of some states by reporting on tuberculous animals, and the results so far have been very encouraging. To give the plan general application authorities should be empowered by law to require that shippers shall tag their cows in such a way that _ they may be identified and their origin determined. As the eradicaton of tuberculosis is largely a public health measure, it is only reasonable that the state should compensate at least in part the persons whose cattle are slaughtered. This is not only fair, but it is absolutely essential if the co-operation of the cattle owners is to be secured. It will be seen from the methods above discussed that in carrying on work for the eradication of animal tuberculosis in the United States, hearty co-operation and concurrence of action between the federal and state governments will be essential. Under the constitution the power of the federal government in such matters is limited to those aspects which concern interstate commerce, and if a state fails to do its part the federal govern- ment can not step in and carry on the work. What the federal government can do in such a case, however, is to quarantine bi 4 A. D. MELYIN. the state or a portion of it and thus prevent the movement of animals from such a state, but while this action would protect other states it would not help the situation within the state. BENEFITS OF ERADICATION. The economic advantages of eradicating tuberculosis from farm animals are too apparent to require extended discussion. They will come to the individual stock raiser and dairyman as well as to the public and the nation. Breeders are beginning to — understand that it is unprofitable to go on raising cattle while tuberculosis exists in their herds. The practice is becoming more general for buyers of breeding and dairying cattle to have such animals tested before placing them in their herds, and the breeder who can give assurance that his herd is free from tuber- culosis has a decided advantage in making sales. With the agitation in favor of a more wholesome milk supply there is coming a growing demand for milk from healthy herds at higher prices and as this demand increases the dairyman who cannot show a clean bill of health for his cows will find it more difficult to market his products. To overcome the losses above mentioned is worth consider- able effort and expense. The benefits to follow from the eradica- tion of tuberculosis from farm animals are so great and so ob- vious that the necessary expenditures, even thouyh they may be heavy, may be regarded as a highly profitable investment. THIs is my twenty-second annual subscription to the AMER- ICAN VETERINARY REviEW. I could not think of getting along without that monthly visitor—(Gco. V. Towne, D. V. S., Thompson, Conn. ) Wry Hr Was Map.—Stubb—What’s the trouble with the writer's husband? He looks angry enough to chew’ tacks. Penn—And he is. She dedicated her latest book to him. Stubb— Gracious! I should consider that a compliment. Penn—Not if you knew the title of the book. It is “ Wild Animals I Have Met.” —( Chicago News.) DISEASES OF CATTLE THAT MAY AFFECT THE WHOLESOMENESS OF MILK. By Marx Wuite, V. M. D. (UNIV. or PENN.), DENVER, COLORADO. Read at the Women’s Club, January 19th, 1909. I have been requested by the committee of medical men ap- pointed by the Denver Medical Society, to appear here this éven- ing in the capacity of a veterinarian and talk to you regarding diseases transmitted from the cow affecting the wholesomeness of the milk, and I shall be pleased to give you all the enlighten- ment within my power pertaining to this broad and important question in so short a time as I have at my disposal; if I can only cause you to appreciate the seriousness of wholesome milk just one-half as much as I do, or as the medical and veterinary profession do, I shall have been paid many times for my trouble, and be the means of saving thousands, and I may say millions, of people’s lives by appearing here to-night. I stand here to-night, not only in the capacity of a veteri- narian, but as a citizen of Colorado and the beautiful city of Denver, also one who has the welfare of humanity at heart. Milk is the most used and useful product for food; it has no substitute and there is no prospect that a substitute will be produced. At present milk is nearly as essential to the perpetua- tion of all the mammalian species as a parentage. Milk is the only food that is safe for the infant and the invalid. It is an essential part of the diet of all classes, at all ages, in one form or another. The consumption of milk is so universal that there is, or should be, a universal interest in the purity of the product. Milk is a most excellent medium for the growth and multiplica- tion of germs or bacteria. There are undoubtedly many diseases transmitted from the cow by way of the milk, in the form of both pathogenic germs and toxic poisons. 33 34 MARK WHITE. The world at the present time is shedding tears for the great suffering in the people of Italy, but for every tear that is shed for those suffering people, there are a hundred shed for the sick and dying children of our American country, that are afflicted with tuberculosis presumably contracted from drinking milk from tubercular cows. Since milk is not cooked but is used for food raw, and being such a fine medium for germ multiplication and the carrier of disease, it has become the greatest and mosi important medical and sanitary question of the day. It has been said by good authority that over one hundred thousand children in America are dying each year from tubercu- losis contracted through the milk of tubercular cows; that more people are sick and dying from tuberculosis contracted from ani- mal sources than from contact with man; that when contracted from cows the disease is more fatal, since the germs are stronger and thrive best in human tissue, therefore my dear citizens let us wake up to the seriousness of the hour, and take the necessary precaution against this controllable source of dis- ease, we can, if we only want to. The state of Colorado and the city of Denver have the money, the scientific knowledge and the trained men to take up this important work at once and they are going to do it right when they do. The dairymen are not antagonistic in the production of pure milk and are willing to produce what the public demand, and are willing to pay for. The public buy milk as they would a ton of coal, and in so doing fail to encourage the dairyman in pro- ducing wholesome milk. In taking up the diseases of the cow which affect the whole- someness of the milk, I shall only cover diseases of cattle which are common among our American cattle, for there are many diseases of foreign cattle which do not make their appearance in America. I shall not consider all the diseases of cows at this time, but shall only speak of those which are the most important. First, we will consider “ foot-and-mouth disease.’”’ This dis- ease may be characterized by the eruption of blisters in the DISEASES OF CATTLE, 35 mouth, around the feet, and between the toes, and is highly con- tagious among cattle. Practically all warm blooded animals con- _ tract the disease through the milk from a cow so affticted, includ- ing man. Second—Septicemia and Pyemia (Blood Poisoning). Neither of these diseases are brought about, strictly speaking by any specific organism, hence heither can be looked upon as a specific disease. The most important of these is pyemia, causing a break in the continuity of the protective tissue, as a wound, which affords an entrance into the tissues of the organism. Among the different wounds may be mentioned cuts, bruises, punctures, burns, chemicals or frozen wounds and compound fractures of bones. Injuries received during parturition, stoppage of the milk ‘duct, infection of the umbilicus in the newly born are also fre- quent causes of pyemia. Septicemia, usually follows surgical wounds, local suppura- tion, inflammation of the bowels or lungs; in fact, wherever there is a local lesion of any kind permitting germs to enter the blood. The symptoms of both diseases include primarily a high fever. Third.—Anthrax, may be defined as an infectious disease which is caused by a specific bacteria, known as the anthrax bacilli, and it affects all animals, including man. Fourth.—Rabies or Hydrophobia, is a disease pre- nea affecting the dog race, although all warm-blooded arimals, in- cluding man, are susceptible to the malady; which is hee transmitted through the bite, milk or blood or flesh of a preced- ing case. Fifth.—Black Leg. This disease is produced by a specific bacteria, readily distinguished from that causing Anthrax, and would of course being a toxic and feverish disease cause the cow ~ to eliminate unwholesome milk. Sixth.—Malignant Catarrh is an infectious disease pre-emi- -nently involving the respiratory and digestive tract, although the sinuses of the head, the eye and the urinary and sexual organs are very frequently affected. 3 = a; 386 : MARK WHITE. Seventh.—Texas Fever. This is a specific disease communi- cated by the cattle tick to cattle, which have just recently come off of a cow or bullock that lives in the infected Southern Fever district or else a cow or bullock which is not acclimated or im- muned, that has recently been brought from the Northern coun- try, down South to the infected premises. In other words the germ of the disease is carried from one cow to another by the tick, which inoculates the second animal by the bite, having at the time the Southern cattle fever germs in its mouth. As in the case of Southern malarial fever, which was until a few years ago thought to be due to impure water—but now we know that it is impossible to develop malarial fever without having first been bitten by a mosquito that has just recently bit a person with the disease, and that the disease does not come from the water, at all. : Eighth.—Tetanus or Lock Jaw. This disease is due to the Tetanus bacillus, which enters the animal by way of wound. The germs as, in diphtheria, do not circulate throughout the body, but the toxin secreted by the germs, does circulate throughout the system, and is eliminated in the milk, as a deadly poison. Ninth.—Contagious and Normal Abortion. The cow’s milk should not be used for a reasonable time, on account of toxic eliminations and high fever. Tenth,—Cow Pox, is a disease which involves the skin of the udder of cows, causing blisters and pustules to form thereon. Eleventh.—Poisons and Poisoning, which are eliminated in the milk and are poisonous to man. Arsenic, Lead, Copper, Zinc, Phosphorus, Mercury, Acids, Alkalies, Coal Oil, Carbolic Acid, Saltpetre, Common Salt, etc. Vegetable Poisons.—Used- as medicines. Opium, Strych- nine, Diuretics, Food, Fungi, Loco Weed, Turpentine. | Animal Poisons.—As snake, bites, wasp, Bees and stings of insects and the Forage and Spanish Fly. | Vegetable Poisons.—As Laurel, Ergot and other poisonous plants or damaged, fermenting or spoilt foods also poisonous DISEASES OF CATTLE, 37 plants found at pasture, are frequently eliminated by way of the cow’s milk, and would of.course render the milk dangerous for food. Mirtxk ABNORMALITIES. The cause of the various abnormalities are in general as fol- lows: ) 1.—Food which is abnormal either in quality or quantity. The fact that such conditions occur most frequently in cattle is accounted for by their somewhat unnatural mode of feeding. 2.—Gastro-intestinal catarrh, cachetics and other bodily dis- eases. 3.—Diseases of the udder. 4.—Infectious (bacterial), Thermic heat, Chemical, and electrical influences acting from without the body of the cow, and are therefore of interest in this connection in provoking diseases in man and other animals. Watery Milk.—Is distinguished by an absence of fat and casein, and an excess of water. It is bluer in color and of rela- tively higher specific gravity. It is caused by poor, watery food, as, for instance, an excessive or exclusive diet of mashes, turnips or tops, etc. In some cases by some bowel disorder. Curdling Milk.—Is one of the common faults of cows’ milk. The cause is varied. On one hand they arise from digestive dis- _ orders, sour food-stuff, such as sour mash; from disease of the udder, especially inflammation, from high fever and swelling in advance pregnancy ; nymphomaniacal conditions; overheating of the body by excessive exercise. Non-Buttering of Milk (Fermenting, F a Milk) .—The cause of non-buttering, “dumb,” “ frothy ” “ fermenting ” milk are to be sought in the digestive me 4 in general dis- turbance or in bad and in-nutritious food, such as turnip-tops;. also in udder affections such as occur at the end of pregnancy; in the affects of great heat or cold; in the presence of other faults in the milk (curdling, rancid, putrid) ; and, lastly, in the _ presence of certain micro-organisms. . If the milk of a cow thus affected be mixed with that of a healthy animal, the latter milk 38 MARK WHITE. is always infected. Milk which will not butter, or which fer- ments, is the cause of much trouble in dairies and cheese fac- tories. Slimy and Stringy Milk.—In this condition the milk can be drawn out into long tough threads. It is the result of bac- terial infection, but there is still some doubt as to the actual causal organism. This abnormality occurs most frequently in summer, and in dirty dairies. Bad digestion, or feeding with rotten fodder ee with bacteria, may both be blamed. 9) Soapy Milk.—By “ Soapy”’ milk is understood such as has a soapy taste, which never coagulates, no matter how long it stands, but precipitates as slimy sediment and gives a very frothy cream, which is extremely hard to churn into butter. The cause of this milk abnormality is bacterial. Blue Milk.—Is observed mostly in spring and the height of summer, particularly during moist, warm weather and in dark dairies. In the latter it may occur year in and year out, even for ten years. On the other hand, this condition generally disappears in the colder seasons, or after the air has been cleared by heavy rain. At first only one cow gives blue milk, but soon all the cows in a dairy are infected. Very often sick cows show a predisposition to the production of blue milk. Red Milk.—Like blue milk, this also is caused by the pres- ence of bacteria. Several kinds of bacteria possess the power of turning milk red. Bloody Milk.—Blood in milk can be traced to several causes. Not infrequently blood may be noticed in the milk immediately after calving, and last for about fourteen days. In other cases it may be traced to inflammation of the udder, injuries inflicted on the udder by a blow, rough milking or sucking, congestion of the udder during calving, or it may be due to the application of blistering applicants to the udder. A cow when suffering from any disease or constitutional disturbance producing a fever cannot give wholesome milk. DISEASES OF CATTLE, 39 Actinomycosis.—Also known as “ big-head,’ lumpy-jaw, wooden tongue, etc., is a chronic disease due to infection char- acterized by the formation of peculiar tumors in various organs of the body, more especially the head, and due to the specific action of a certain fungus (Actinomyces). This fungus is an organism which occurs in the tissues in the form of rosettes, and it has therefore been termed the “ ray fungus.” The disease is not directly transmitted from one animal to another, but it seems apparent that the fungus is conveyed into the tissues by various foodstuffs through slight wounds of the mucous membrane of the mouth, decayed teeth, or during the shedding of the milk teeth. The tumors and abscesses may be local in the cow’s head or may be generalized or scattered throughout the whole body, as in tuberculosis. We should not look upon “lumpy jaw’”’ as a disease of the jaw alone, for it frequently involves the entire body, including the udder. TUBERCULOSIS (Consumption). This is a disease of cattle, and in fact all warm-blooded ani- mals are affected. It will not go into this broad and important disease (which is to-day taking up more space in scientific lit- erature than any other two diseases of both animal and man at the same time causing more worry and use of gray matter than any other disease known) but I do want to give you a short sketch of the disease in order for you to get the stampede with the rest of us, and appreciate the seriousness and importance of knowing that the milk that you give your children is from cows that the proper authorities have examined and pronounced. : it : free from the least taint of the disease. The cow ranks as the _ most susceptible animal to this disease. The percentage among cows so affected. would probably run 10 per cent. in the United : Bites, which is increasing alarmingly; something will have .to be done by both state and national governments to check the 40 MARK WHITE. spread. I am of the opinion that it will not be many years until. this great question will be handled at Washington and that there will not be any cows allowed to give milk for the Ameri- can people that have the disease in their bodies. It will cost a great many dollars to free our American cattle of this disease, but it certainly would be the wisest and best investment that this Government could possibly make to-day. If the American people could be assured to-day that every cow furnishing milk to its people were free of tuberculosis, just so sure would the consumption of milk increase 50 per cent. by such an assurance of protection. The American people are being educated what wholesome. milk is and they are going to demand wholesome milk at any price and they must have it. The times have changed so that the dairy business is no longer looked upon as a haphazard business, but it must be conducted upon the most scientific, sani- tary methods. The dairyman must know the laws of infection and sanitation, his cows must be free from the least taint of disease, his barn must be well ventilated and sanitary in every respect, with not a cow with tuberculosis. This question must be settled by having an expert test his cows at least once a year with tuberculin, for tuberculosis ; throwing out of the herd all the cows that show the disease. A cow affected with tuberculosis may or may not cough, she may or may not be poor in flesh. A cow with tuberculosis does not necessarily, fall off in her milk; she may be old or young; Jersey or Holstein; bred in Colorado or Tennessee. We find as much tuberculosis in one breed as another. Some accuse the Jersey cow of bringing the disease to this country and that they have more of the disease than either breeds of cattle, but this is not true. On the island of Jersey where the Jersey cattle come from there is not any tuberculosis among the cattle there and to prevent the disease from getting among the cattle there, they have in force a strict quarantine to prohibit any importa- tion of cattle to the island, this cannot be said of any other coun- try in the world. DISEASES OF CATTLE, 41 As an illustration of the fact that cattle may be very fat and at the same time have generalized tuberculosis. Wall cite you to the prize-winning steer that won at our stock show in Denver three years ago, he was of the Pollangus breed. This bullock when he was slaughtered and afterwards sold to the people of Denver for twenty-five cents per pound, showed to have had generalized tuberculosis. Same was true with a bul- lock that won first prize at the Chicago Stock Show a few years ago. We know that a cow can give milk laden with the tubercular bacilli when she would not show any visible symptoms of the disease, and could give enough milk carrying the infection, to kill ten thousand children, before she herself would show any visible symptoms of the disease. Since the milk is all mixed at the dairy, one cow in a herd with tuberculosis would infect the whole output of the dairy. For this reason it becomes very important to know that not a single cow in a herd has the disease. It has been repeatedly shown that the milk from a cow suffering from the disease of tuberculosis, would produce the disease in each and every breed and species of animals and birds when fed to them. For this reason does it seem reason- able that your baby could drink milk laden with tubercle bacilli, without contracting the disease therefrom? No he cannot. Science has reached the point whereby that when a child dies with tuberculosis, that a culture can be taken from that child’s body. By the study of this culture it could be ascertained whether or not that child was infected with the cattle germ or the human germ. Many investigators have found as many as 50 per cent. of children that had died of tuberculosis, to be in- fected with the cattle tubercle bacilli. | | The state of Colorado could well afford to make the neces- _ sary expense to free our cows of disease. We would have twice _ as many cows furnishing milk, twice as much money invested in _ the dairy business, twice as many people drinking twice as much 42 MARK WHITE. milk, making the dairy industry of the state worth twice as much money as it is at the present time. Something must be done to keep up the confidence of the ~ people in the wholesomeness of milk, or else the consumption of milk will gradually decrease instead of increasing, as it should. Since Colorado has a national reputation for a natural health resort, and that we are entertaining so many sick people in our state, it becomes a very serious and important matter that we encourage these sick people to drink plenty of milk, and at the. same time furnish them a wholesome product, and not add fuel to the already raging fire in their systems, by giving them milk that is teeming with a stronger tubercular germ than they now have in their bodies. It is therefore an economic as well as a public health question. | PRrECAUTION.—Invalid husband—Did the doctor say I was to take all that medicine. Wife—Yes, dear. Invalid, husband—Why, there’s enough there to kill a don- key. Wife (anxiously)—Then you'd better not take all of it, John.—( Tit-Bits. ) GRooMING.—Anciently man thought more highly of his horse than of his womankind. But woman, as it chanced, was crafty. “Why does he esteem his horse beyond his wife?” she asked herself and resolutely faced the task of finding out. Her first answer was: “ The horse will carry a heavier load.”’ Her next: “ The horse doesn’t talk back at him.”’ But neither of these, somehow, impressed her as being cor- rect. ‘“ Most likely,” she declared at length, “it’s in the grooming. Well, I'll just be well groomed myself and see.”’ It was a lucky guess, and from that time forward woman’s position rose relatively until in our day the horse has scarcely a look-in even at the horse show.—( Puck.) WHY HORSES ARE OFTENER LAME IN FRONT THAN BEHIND. By F. C. Grensipe, V.S., PRESIDENT OF THE VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION oF New York City. Horsemen of experience, and particularly veterinarians, have ample opportunity of observing the relative frequency of lame- ness in the fore and hind extremities. It does not take very ex- tended experience to enable one to determine that lameness in the fore legs is a much more common occurrence than in the hind. This is the case in horses used for any kind of work, but we are of the opinion that it is so, to possibly a greater degree in riding horses, than those used for any other purpose; and this being a fact it is interesting, and instructive as well as of some practical value to determine the reason why. Veterinarians know that strain and concussion are two im- portant factors in producing lesions, that result in lameness, and it is therefore of value to study why the fore legs show the effects of these causes to a much greater extent, than the hind ones. In ‘the absence of regularly kept data, it would probably not be very far off the mark to state that one meets with ten cases of lameness in the fore to one in the hind legs, so that there must be some very palpable reason for this disparity in the relative frequency ‘of the seat of lameness. The most important factor in contributing to both strain and concussion is weight. If one asks a number of horsemen what the approximate relative proportion of weight borne by the fore and hind extremities in a horse is, it will be found that few have thought of it, and still fewer can give it. — | : Although subject to variation, within limited range, it is no matter what the weight of the horse is, there is a pretty definite ‘relative proportion in the weight sustained by the fore and hind legs. , | 43 44 F. C. GRENSIDE, “If a horse’s fore feet are put on the platform of a scale and weighed, then moved off and his hind ones put on, it will be found that his fore part weighs, approximately, one-quarter more than his hind. If he is then mounted by a man weighing one hundred and fifty pounds and weighed in the way already ex-. plained, the weight of the fore part will be increased one hun- dred pounds, while that of the hind only fifty. This shows plainly the much greater strain and concussion to which the fore legs are subjected, particularly in carrying weight on the back. Nature has made provision for this to some extent, but not to a sufficient degree to prevent the effects of this greater weight showing itself, in injuries and diseases of the fore extremities more frequently than in the hind. Propulsive effort, which is the chief function of the hind legs, is not such a fertile cause of lameness as sustaining weight. It follows then that in estimating a horse’s ability to carry weight,. and stand ‘‘ wear and tear” in performing saddle work, that it is to the fore legs that we have to look chiefly in forming a correct conclusion. In endeavoring to come to a determination of a horse’s wearing ability in his fore legs we have to study three. points, viz.: the conformation of these members, the quantity of tissue in them, and the quality of the tissue of which they are made up. The cultivated eye of the expert horseman, on taking a side and front view of a horse’s fore legs, can determine at once whether they are properly balanced, or poised. A horse’s fore legs may be said to be well poised when they are so formed that the ill effects of tension and concussion are reduced to a minimum. They should be constructed so that strain is not lessened at the expense of increased concussion and vice versa, but they should be formed so that all weight-bearing parts sustain their due proportion of weight, and all parts subjected to tension, their proper share of strain; then they may be said to be well poised. WHY HORSES ARE OFTENER LAME IN FRONT THAN BEHIND. 45 Desirable balance is an attribute of much value in contributing to the wearing ability of a horse’s fore legs, and should be well considered in estimating his weight-carrying power. Deficiency in “timber,” and defective quality of tissue are in a measure compensated for by proper poise of leg. The more open or obtuse the angles formed by the bones that make up the foundation of the leg, the greater is the tendency to concussion, or inelasticity of step. We have three joints in the fore leg that form angles, viz.: the shoulder joint formed by the blade bone, and bone of the arm; the elbow joint, formed by the bone of the arm and those of the fore arm, and the fetlock joint, formed by the cannon bone and bones of the pastern. The less open or obtuse these angles are, the greater the tendency to elasticity of tread, or lessened concussion, but the greater the inclination to increased tension or strain. What is to be desired, then, is the mean between these two extremes, then we have desirable balance or poise in the fore legs and mechanical advantage as far as that obtains, in lessening concussion and strain. Although recognizing, as we must, the distinct importance of balance in the fore legs, we must not forget that there is a property possessed by some horses that compensates for in a _measure imperfect poise of those members. 3 Lightness of step, or elasticity of movement is inherent in "some horses to a degree that nullifies, in a measure, defects of formation that would otherwise be a source of weakness. ; We observe this elasticity of movement in human beings, as well as in horses. People that are by no means gracefully or _ well built, step very lightly both in walking and dancing, which : ability is undoubtedly referable to some property of the nervous. _ system. In addition to the formations already referred to, as influ- encing the balance of the legs, we have others of much impor- tance in affecting poise. The knee joint is very frequently the ee Ly 5 i) i af i 46 F. C. GRENSIDE. seat of malformations that influence very materially the poise of the leg. Buck knees, calf knees, knock knees, and bow legs or knees bent outwards, have much effect upon the balance of the leg. The pastern, too, is also the seat of deviations from true formation in turned in and turned out pasterns. The axiom that “ size is strength, other things being equal,” is well exemplified in the fore legs of the horse. We can begin at the feet, and find that few keen observers amongst horsemen of much experience will say that dispropor- tionately small feet wear well, no matter how well they are shaped. It is not difficult to realize that weight, particularly in motion, when concentrated upon small bases of support, is more apt to act injuriously upon them than if those pedestals are larger. Slender pastern bones are notoriously predisposed to ringbones. The frequent reference to the circumference of a horse’s leg below the knee is an indication of the importance that is attached to the quantity of tissue in the leg. This is sometimes expressed in the misleading statement that such and such a horse has plenty of bone. The circumference of the leg below the knee is as much influenced by the development of the tendons and ligaments as by the amount of bone, so that the expression that a horse has plenty of ‘‘ timber” in his legs is a more correct and rational one than that he has plenty of bone. Quality of tissue is also of much importance in influencing a horse’s ability to stand work and remain sound. Density or good quality of bone lessens the tendency to in- flammatory action in bone, and consequently to splints, ringbones, osselets and sore shins. Horses lacking in quality have what are called soft legs, and show the effects of “wear and tear” on slight provocation. Windgalls, puffy sheaths of tendons, thickened fetlocks, cracked heels and stocked legs are some of the conditions to which horses lacking in quality of tissue are predisposed. WHY HORSES ARE OFTENER LAME IN FRONT THAN BEHIND. 47 After dilating upon the three chief factors which contribute to ahorse’s ability to carry weight on the fore legs, viz.: poise of the leg, quantity and quality of the tissue of which they are made up, it may not be out of place to again emphasize the im- portance of careful scrutiny of these members in estimating a horse’s weight-carrying power. The fore extremities being of prime importance should be studied first. This, however, is not always done. How frequently we hear people comment favor- ably upon a horse’s weight-carrying ability that has a bulky top. A bulky body, if not well underpinned, detracts from weight- carrying power, the reason for which is obvious. The back, too, is often referred to as being of more importance than the fore legs in contributing to weight-carrying ability. Certainly the form of the back, its length and muscularity, have to be reckoned with in looking for weight-carrying power, but we much less frequently find horses showing evidence of weakness in the back than in the fore legs. The compensating property of elasticity of movement has been referred to as lessening the injurious effects of weight on the fore legs. Relief is also afforded in other ways. High car- riage of head, with nose in, and arched neck, relieves the fore _ extremities, particularly if the hind legs are brought well under the body in action, thus bringing the centre of gravity farther ; _ back and causing the hind legs to more fully assist the fore ones _ in sustaining the weight. Usk oF BENZOATE OF SODA IN PRESERVING MEaAtT.—In view _ of the recent decision of the Board of Food and Drug Inspection _ of the United States Department of Agriculture relative to the. ' use of benzoate of soda in food products, the meat-inspection regulations of the Bureau of Animal Industry have been amend- ed so as to permit the addition of this preservative to meats and { “meat food products provided they bear approved labels plainly _ showing the presence and amount of benzoate of soda. BLOOD SERUM THERAPY. By Dr. CAMERON, FEDERAL MEAT INSPECTOR. Read before the Annual Meeting of the Veterinary Association of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., Feby. 16, 1909. In writing this paper I have tried to give you some of the | details of more recent investigations on blood serum therapy. — Its interest lies in the fact that probably all antitoxic treatments and immunization are at least in some degree dependent on knowledge and development of these substances or antibodies — in the blood. The simplest idea of these processes guarding © against disease is phagocytosis. In this the phagocytes or adult | white blood corpuscles are overcoming and removing micro-or- ganisms. Phagocytic power, however, depends little on the leucocytes — themselves and much on the actions of alexins or opsonins in~ the blood serum. For if leucocytes be taken from a tuberculous patient and also from a healthy patient, there is no difference | in the number of tubercle bacilli they will ingest if placed in the same blood serum. These opsonins so act on pathogenic organisms that the leucocytes are enabled to engulf them and so may get the better | of the disease. Positive chemotaxis in which the phagocytes are apparently attracted and negative chemotaxis where they are re-_ pelled by the bacteria may show how strong the opsonic power | of the blood is. As an example: When an attenuated virus of anthrax is” inoculated into an animal, it is found that the leucocytes sur-— round the “ poison” in great numbers, Whereas if a virulent culture of anthrax is injected, the inflammation is cedematous in character and only a few leucocytes are present. In the latter” case the opsonins are not sufficiently powerful to prepare the bacteria for the phagocytes so they are not attracted. This is’ 48 BLOOD SERUM THERAPY. 49 _acase of negative chemotaxis. The presence of these substances - in the blood serum, although they have not been isolated, may be _ made quite evident. The simplest demonstration of this is the mixing of blood serum of one animal with the blood of an animal of different species. This causes the breaking up of erythrocytes or red blood corpuscles and allows the hemoglobin to escape. In this case the red cells of the one are foreign to the serum of the other. If injected into the veins of another animal, in quantity, the serum of different species may cause hemoglobinuria and death. 14 c.c. of serum from a horse has been known to kill a dog. Now let the serum be heated to say 60-C. before injection and it is found that the power in the serum is destroyed and no evil results from the injection. For each disease an animal may have an inherent or acquired power of antagonism. The measure of this power of opsonins is known as the opsonic index. Each disease has a different opsonin, thus although an animal has a high opsonic index for one disease, it might have a very low opsonic index for another, and the latter would be the disease it would be more susceptible to. White blood corpuscles can be kept alive outside of the ani- mal body, and, when in test tubes, tubercle bacilli may be added. Then if a smear is made and stained the tubercle bacilli may be _ seen inside the leucocytes having been ingested by them. z The strength of the opsonins in an individual may be demon- strated and so give the opsonic index for a disease. To simplify - the description suppose I wish to obtain the opsonic index of my blood to tuberculosis. I take a sample of the serum of my own blood and the blood serum of another person known to be healthy and leucocytes from anyone. Into test tubes containing _ my own and the healthy sera are placed the leucocytes and pure - cultures of tubercle bacilli. After leaving for some time the _ result is obtained by counting the bacilli which have been en- ¢ gulfed by the leucocytes. If a given number of leucocytes in my _ own blood have ingested say 150 tubercle bacilli and the leuco- 50 DR. CAMERON. cytes in the healthy serum have taken up 300, then my opsonic index is as 150 to 300, that is to say one-half. The opsonic index for some diseases can be raised by dif- — ferent means, thus giving immunity and in some cases a rational treatment, if the disease has been contracted. These means are in use in several instances now. Active immunization is given by the injection of an atten- uated, or weakened, virus. In this case antitoxins are developed in the serum to overcome toxins produced by the virus. The agents used for active immunization are known as vaccines and are non-fatal doses of virulent organisms. Other agents used are killed bacteria of disease and bacterial constituents. The curative properties of mallein and tuberculin, if any, belong to these agents. The use of attenuated viruses has given the best results. In passive immunization the antitoxin is injected into the blood, the antitoxin having been developed in the serum of another animal, by the use of vaccines. There are examples of where both active and passive treat- ments are used together, the vaccine and antitoxin being injected at, or about, the same time in different parts of the animal’s body. Vaccines are very useful in localized infections where auto- inoculation or spread of the disease in the body is withheld. Many cases of sepsis and persistent sinuses can be treated in this way and cases which have been under treatment for years have answered rapidly to vaccination. Autogenous vaccines which are made by the escape of bac- teria from localized infection, that is by auto-inoculation, stimu- late the machinery of immunization and so often prevents the spread of infection from a primary focus. Many antitoxic treatments are prevented from working well by the presence of secondary infections. Tuberculosis often has a secondary infection, Staphylococci or Streptococci. This may — account for the lack of success, in some cases, of the treatment of tuberculosis by antitoxins.. This applies to all contagious dis- eases. . * BLOOD SERUM THERAPY. 51 ) Saline solutions are used in treating diseases, but their action _ is more of a mechanical nature. A quantity of blood may be withdrawn from an animal, this prevents congestion, and re- moves some of the deleterious matter which may be present. The saline solution is injected, it dilutes the blood and so changes the medium and might thus stop the growth of micro-organisms or weaken toxins present. The disadvantages of many of these methods of overcoming disease is the amount of work entailed. But so many men are at work on these matters now, that the technique will be sim- plified, and, I believe, their common use is only a matter of time. ScENE—Two country women at the London Zoo on a bank holiday looking at a bird of prey. Mary—Lor’, Jimima! What a dear little heagle. Jimima—lIt hain’t a heagle, it’s a howl. Keeper (who was standing near and overheard the conversa- tion )—-I beg yer pardon, ladies, but it ain’t a heagle or a howl; it’s an ’awk.—(Bit and Spur.) BuTCHER OBEYED OrpDERS.—The following tale was recently told to his class by Professor Comstock, of Cornell, in speaking of the trials of scientists. It appears that a professor of zoology in a sister university wished to procure some trichinous pork for experiment, and went to his butcher and asked him if he ever got any measly pork. 7 “ Sometimes,” the butcher cautiously answered, “but I ak _ ways throw it away.”’ _ ~ Well,” said the professor, “the next time you have any _I wish you'd send up some.” _ The butcher, though somewhat taken aback, said that he would. Three weeks passed, when the professor, growing im- _ patient, visited the store. | _ “ Haven’t you found any measly pork yet?” : ‘ "Why, yes,” said the butcher ; “‘ I sent up two pounds a week Sete) ae 44 Sg, Raw Sure ke Se anni tT go. “Where did you send it?” “Why, to your house, of course,” said the butcher. _ The professor then remembered that the preceding week he and his family had enjoyed a boiled pork dinner.—(Rural Life.) Bee RESEARCH ON PROF. VON BEHRING’S BOVOVACCINE. By Dr. WILFRED LELLMANN, PROFESSOR aT N. Y. UNIVERSITY. In September, 1907, | wrote an article on research of Pro- fessor von Behring’s Bovovaccine,* stating the results of my experiments with a number of calves. My experiments have been continued with a number of animals in order to get an idea about the duration of the immunity acquired. In this regard my experimental work was continued with four animals ; two of which (heifers) were vaccinated in the spring of 1905; the other two (bulls) were vaccinated in March, 1906. The heifers were tested with tuberculin in 1906, 1907 and 1908, and each time were found without the slightest reaction. They both are in excellent condition and still alive. They had been for quite some time in contact with tubercular animals. The two bulls, which had been in direct contact with a highly tuber- cular cow, by being confined for 3-4 months (October, Novem- ber, December of 1906, and beginning of January, 1907), were > first tested with tuberculin in June, 1907. No reaction. In the fall of 1907 they were fed from highly virulent cul- tures and tested with tuberculin in the spring of 1908. No re-— action. In connection with these two vaccinated bulls, two control — animals were fed from the same cultures, each getting 50 cg. of | the cultures, the vaccinated bulls as well as the control animals — (bull and heifer). The control animals had been tested with tuberculin prior to infection. In the spring of 1908, these two 7 controls were again tested with tuberculin together with the vaccinated animals. Both of the controls showed reaction. The control animals were destroyed in the fall of 1908, showing — tuberculosis of the mesenterial glands and also of the hepatic | glands. Small tubercles in the liver were found with the control bull. * Published in the September, 1907, number of the AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW. 52 RESEARCH ON PROF. VON BEHRING’S BOVOVACCINE. 53 In September, 1908, the two vaccinated bulls were fed again _ with two highly virulent cultures of bovine tubercle bacilli. At - the same time, two control animals, each about a year old, were fed from the same cultures. The vaccinated animals received twice as much as the control animals, the latter getting 50 cg. each. The control animals, which had been tested prior to in- fection, were destroyed in January, 1909, and so were the two vaccinated bulls. The latter proved to be absolutely free from any tubercular lesions, all the organs were thoroughly exam- ined and not a trace of tuberculosis could be found, while the control animals showed marked tubercular lesions of the mesen- terial glands. It cannot be denied that the two bovovaccinated bulls have shown a well developed immunity, the duration of which amounted to three years. The exposure to infection had been chosen as closely to natural conditions as possible. As stated above, these animals had been confined to an old barn with no sanitary conditions, together with an open case of tuberculosis in a cow. Furthermore, they had been fed three times with virulent cultures. The two cows, which were vaccinated in 1905 and which _are still alive, have been tested repeatedly with tuberculin and never showed any reaction, notwithstanding the fact that for some time in 1906 and 1907 they had been in contact with tuber- é “cular animals. : My experiments have made me a firm believer in the value of bovovaccination. I feel further inclined to believe that the “immunity acquired will last from 3-4 years, if not longer. I weeecer it quite probable that by using bovovaccine systematically in a herd, that means vaccinating all the young stock during the » | age of three weeks up to three months, and isolating them “strictly until 3-4 months after the second vaccination, tuber- ¢ ulosis could be stamped out within a period of ten years, or to “say the least, that the percentage of tuberculosis could be cut ! ‘down to a very low margin. Of course, there has been no want 54 WILLFRED LELLMANN. of professional men who have criticised bovovaccination. It is only too natural that this will happen with any new method, as one must always bear in mind that a new method will be sub- ject to the most ardent criticism and quite often prejudice, to say nothing about personal feeling and inaccuracy. On the other hand, bovovaccination has been indorsed by — quite a number of prominent professional men, whose experiences were either based on experiments or practical use of bovovaccine. I have always made it my object to follow most strictly, whether experimentally or practically, the rules laid down by Prof. von Behring. From personal experience I know that quite a few professional men have disregarded these rules. We must take the greatest care, first in picking out perfectly healthy animals, secondly in performing the vaccination most conscientiously, and thirdly in keeping the vaccinated animals strictly isolated from tubercular animals until 3-4 months after the second vaccination under the best sanitary conditions available. Dr. J. G. Rutherford in an article, ‘‘ Control of Bovine Tuber- culosis,” speaks about bovovaccine, that he has nothing to say, © but that the results of inoculation have been singularly confusing | to him, inconclusive and discouraging, and further states that | under the most favorable conditions the acquired immunity ap-— peared to be of short duration, and any advantage which may be | gained is, to Dr. Rutherford’s thinking, more than offset by the danger of spreading the disedse. Furthermore, he adds that ac- cording to Theobald Smith, Weber and Tirze, working under the directions of the German Imperial Health Office, reported that the udder of a cow vaccinated with human culture shed human tubercle bacilli into the milk for the period of 15 months. I fail to see the conclusions drawn by Dr. Rutherford from_ these reports, as to the danger of bovovaccination in spreading the disease. I feel pretty sure that anyone who has done vaccin- ating carefully for nearly five years, experimentally and prac- tically, will agree with me that there is no danger in spreading the disease by using bovovaccine in perfectly healthy animals. RESEARCH ON PROF. VON BEHRING’S BOVOVACCINE. 5d Therefore I consider the conclusions of Dr. Rutherford too far fetched and I cannot free myself of the impression, that Dr. _ Rutherford is too much prejudiced against bovovaccination. I - do not mean to say that bovovaccination could not be improved upon from a practical view. I am sure it can and will in the near future become modified in such a way that it will still in- crease immunity. In fact, a simplified method of bovovaccination has been worked on for quite some time by von Behring to the effect, whether a single dose of 5 I. E. at the first inoculation could be withstood by young animals. The results were highly satisfactory and the method is being practised to quite an extent. Of course, it must be understood that the animals to be vaccin- ated must be absolutely healthy and kept under the best sanitary conditions available for 3-4 months after vaccination. However, the elementary idea of the problem of gradually stamping out bovine tuberculosis is solved. Epirors AMERICAN VETERINARY ReEviEw.—I beg to con- gratulate you and your co-workers in the quality and scope of the AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW and trust this year may _ surpass all others, previous.—(R. A. Phillips, Oklahoma City, Okla.) Tue Vacuum CLEANER FoR Cows.—American ingenuity ~ has exploited the French idea of the vacuum cleaner. A traveler : a few years ago saw something of the kind used to clean the ' streets of Paris, It did away "wath the offensiveness of dust, and he said to himself, Why cannot this be applied to American houses? The idea was carried out, and since then rivals of the original invention have appeared on the market, one of them be- ing reduced in size so that it can be pumped with a handle or run like a small electric fan. A man in California invented a’ new nozzle attachment which he used for currying his horse. It was tried with cattle and found to remove lice and all other _ impurities, and now an order has come for vacuum cleaners for \ the herd of a Jarge ranch, and another from one of the largest - dairies i in the West.—(New York Press.) Mi a i TREATMENT OF MANGE IN THE VARIOUS ANIMALS. By Dr, JaMEs C. BUTCHER, VETERINARIAN IN BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. Presented to the 26th Annual Meeting of the Ohio State Veterinary Medical Association. It is with a great deal of pleasure, I assure you, that I take up thé consideration of this important subject and more espe- cially since reading recent issues of our scientific journals—for some have demonstrated a valuable clinic of spasms in all de- grees, and Oh! how the poor things must have suffered! Without exception, all seemed to have about as much of a scientific idea of the subject as did the ladies who hired the horse of a liveryman and went out for a drive. A shower overtook them on the homeward journey and they were met by a man who thought it queer that one of the ladies should. be holding the umbrella over the horse instead of themselves and he made inquiry as to the reason. The reply was, “ Well, we were told by the liveryman that the horse was perfectly gentle—but that if it got the rein under its tail it would run away.” But now to my subject: In the first place I desire to say that I am not or will not attempt to give a scientific study of all the various headings of the subject—as: an extensive list of the mites, etc., but rather will attempt to make one phase of the subject more pleasant, in that I will try and make treatment — more effective. There is no question but that Mange is looked on as a sort of bugbear in practice, and if | can make treatment of it more effective and at the same time less discouraging my object will have been attained. I consider the life history of the mange mite an important subject and a thorough knowledge of it must be kept in mind for — treatment to be effective. A mere mention of the fact that the disease may be diagnosed in from ten to fifteen days from the 56 i a a TREATMENT OF MANGE IN THE VARIOUS ANIMAIS, 57 time of infection and that the mites reach the stage of reproduc- tion in from.twelve to fifteen days will aid us in understanding at once the various suggestions that will follow. We must also _ keep constantly in mind the exceedingly contagious nature of mange—so that we ourselves will not be guilty of acting as the intermediate agent or carrier of the mites. Other things—many in number may be mentioned—we find the disease in emaciated animals, or those with impaired func- tion, and consequently having little exudates or oily substance in the epidermis. Were it not for the uncared for animals on the ranges in the great west—that is those cattle living solely on the ranges—without other food and which readily become in- fected—after exposure, it would be an easy matter to free the great plains of the pest. We must also remember that in no place in all our routine of practice will thorough disinfection give as gratifying results as in the treatment of mange. In fact unless we intend to ac- company treatment with thorough care and hygienic surround- ings we may as well not begin. Another point equally important is: that treatment of all exposed animals is very necessary. To illustrate: you are fa- miliar with the fact that to exterminate glanders in horses it is 4 necessary to kill all animals showing infection. Some of those horses, if left alone, would work along with but slight inconveni- ence for a number of years, yet in that time they would infect _ and destroy a large number of other horses. So in the treatment - of mange; one animal that is in good condition and having good care and feed will harbor mites for weeks or even months with- _ out showing symptoms of the disease, yet will re-infect an ani- ~ mal that is in a weakened condition from a previous attack. When we come to the subject of treatment we must remem- ber that a large quantity of the remedial agent will be needed so that we must resolve the chemicals used into their most use- | 4 ful state. 58 JAMES C. BUTCHER. I cannot better illustrate this than to give you the formula commonly used by the Department of Agriculture, and the method used in preparing same. | Bh Piowers sulphur oe es 25 lbs. Unsiacked lime Soa, ee OF aa 12 lbs. Water, 06.5 ft) oh rats Siete ek dant 100 gallons. To prepare: Slack lime; thoroughly mix sulphur with lime, adding sufficient water to form a thin paste; have container, with water in sufficient quantity; to the water add lime and sulphur. Boil for two hours, or until all particles are dissolved, stirring at times to prevent burning. Allow solution to cool, and all sedi- ment to collect in bottom of container, then draw off all of solu- tion except sediment, measure same to get proportions and add water q.s. ft. original amount. By this method we have both the lime and sulphur in solution and a much more effective germicide than either alone, as well as having a solution that is much more economical and far better to apply than the original substances. We can easily have the solution twenty times the strength needed and give directions for its preparation when prescribing. To treat animal: have solution at temperature of 105 degrees and keep it at that point. Have animal in comfortable place to prevent chilling. (If an outbreak occurs among large animals, build a vat sufficiently large to swim animal.) Thoroughly sat- urate all infected as well as all exposed animals. Separate animals infected from those exposed, after dipping, and give those infected a second dipping between the toth and 15th day, from the date of Ist dipping. This, in brief, is the method of procedure and will be found most effective, with most forms of mange. In conclusion, and aside from my subject, let me add—that ~ I hope that the spirit of the recent holiday season will linger — round you during your deliberations in Ohio’s fair capitol city. | I hope to meet with you again ere many of your annual meet- — ings come and go and you may be assured of my best wishes for a great meeting and for a successful year for all and God’s bless- ing on you in yours—the noblest profession in the world. a REPORTS OF CASES. “Careful observation makes a skillful practitioner, but his skill dies with him. By recording his observations, he adds to the knowledge of his profession, and assists by his facts in building up _ the solid edtfice of pathological science.” REMARKABLE RECOVERY FOLLOWING OPERA- TION OF TENOTOMY.* By Dr. W. E. Martin. Last July I received a postcard requesting me to visit a farm 14 miles west of the city. It stated that a lame horse needed my services. Upon arrival at the farm my client took me to where several plows were working; I had no difficulty in dis- tinguishing my patient from a distance. She-was working with the other horses in a plow, and exceedingly lame in the near foreleg. When we had approached near enough to observe the exact condition of the animal, I found her to be a bay mare weighing 1,300 lbs., aged 11 years, of the ordinary farm type. Upon examination I found the following pathological condi- ‘tions. Both flexor tendons very much contracted, so much so that upon digital manipulation they felt as hard as bone, there. “was complete fibrous anchylosis of the upper pastern and all the ‘phalanges. The pastern was at an angle of about 45 degrees, inclined in a backward direction, the roof resting on the toe (complete volar flexion). During progression the mare landed 4 the point of the toe, then rolled over on to the anterior part of the fetlock, wearing away the skin, the part had been fortified _ by the formation of a horny pad. I censured the owner for com- mitting such a flagrant act of cruelty. He thought there was no ‘particular harm done by working her, as she could get about the pasture field without apparently suffering any pain. I con- _ sidered the case altogether too bad and complicated for success- . ful treatment, so advised her destruction. The owner thought it a great waste of valuable horseflesh to destroy her without at least trying to do something to alleviate the trouble and pressed me to operate, anything I might suggest so long as it i *Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Veterinary Association of Manitoba, Winnipeg - Feb. 16, 1909. 59 60 REPORTS OF CASES. was an operation. I outlined to him what appeared to me the only operation worth considering. He accepted and agreed to run all risk incurred. The mare was sent into my hospital, and prepared for operation. I decided to first sever the perforans tendon and note the result. After shaving off the hair and rendering the part aseptic, a tenotomy knife was inserted and the tendon severed in the usual manner, the result was nil. I then reinserted the knife and severed the perforatus, but the cut ends of the tendons did not separate. Forcible extension Was next resorted to, which caused the adhesions between the tendons and their sheaths to give way. We now had a gap of about two inches between the cut ends of the tendons, but the mare still walked on the anterior wall surface of the hoof and fetlock. No amount of extension and exercise would increase the space between the cut ends of tendons. This was continued for three days without improvement. I now decided to en- deavor to break down the adhesions which had immobilized the fetlock and phalanges. The mare was placed on the operating table, chloroform anesthesia produced, two wooden splints were firmly strapped to the leg, extending from the elbow and fore- arm down to the distal extremity of the metacarpal bone, and — the limb securely fastened to the table. A rope was tied around — the hoof, brought back on the median plane of the sole and through, and then tied to a loop in the end of a piece of iron which had been welded on to the shoe. This piece of iron, about eight inches in length, made a powerful lever. When all was ready I stationed myself in a suitable position, where | was enabled to manipulate the parts, while the combined efforts of three men steadily pulling on the rope steadily caused the ad- hesions to gradually give way. The pull was continued with less force. until the foot could be taken well forward in exten- sion, a few slight lateral adhesions that remained were broken | down by grasping the foot with my hands and twisting it in either direction. The sounds emitted during the stretching and — snapping of the adventitious tissues resembled very much the cracking and breaking of dry sticks. When the effects of the anesthetic had passed away, we were gratified to find that my patient could put weight on the limb, although very lame. The — after treatment consisted of cold water bandages. She was exercised for fifteen minutes at a time three times a day. A spur three inches in length was welded on the toe of the shoe, this spur was slightly turned up at the point. The object of the REPORTS OF CASES. 61 spur was to prevent the mare from elevating the heels and stand- ing on the toe. There was not at any time any swelling. The mare steadily improved, and in two weeks she left the hospital ‘and was conveyed home in a wagon. I saw her last month and was surprised to find that she had been working for three months perfectly sound. HAEMENDOTHELIOMA—BRAIN OF HORSE. By B. F. Kavpp, B.S., D.V.S., Pathologist, Veterinary Department, Colorado Agricultural College. Endothelioma of the brain is not supposed to be common in the horse. The cells forming the new growth arise from the H/EMENDOLTHELIOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS-HORSE. 1. Blood vessel filled with cells. 2. Concentric rows of Endothelial cells. 3. Connective Tissue. endothelial cells of the serous membrane or from vessels. Keene _ divides endotheliomata into four kinds, as follows: 1—-Hemen- - dothelioma arising from blood vessels. 2—Lymphendothelioma 62 REPORTS OF CASES. from lymph vessels. 3—Perithelioma from cellular overgrowth of the perivascular sheaths of the small vessels. 4—-Dura-endo- thelioma from the membranes of the brain and spinal cord. The latter are often called psammoma, or so-called sand tumors. These contain patches filtrated with lime salts. The one here de- scribed and illustrated belongs to the first class. According to the classification given by Delafield and Prudden those originating from the endothelial cells of blood vessels are called hemangio- endothelioma, those from lymph vessels lymphendothelioma. In the human pia-arachnoid endotheliomata are reported. The new growth is usually roundish in outline and from the meninges penetrates the brain substance by means of fibrous bands pro- jecting inward from the pia mater. The writer has made a study of one of this kind. The cerebellum from a boy seventeen years old was sent to the laboratory for diagnosis, with the history of dullness, some days fever, and again normal. Finally weak and unable to move, the patient became confined to his bed. Toward the last came spells of inability to breathe. No pain or other functional disturbance was complained of by the patient. Res- pirations ceased for a considerable time before the heart finally stopped beating. The attending physician had made a diagnosis — of pressure on the floor of the fourth ventricle over the respira-— tory centre, probably due to new growth. The diagnosis was — right. A new growth involving the roof of the fourth ven-— tricle the size of a pea was found. Upon section it was found © to be of a similar variety of endotheliomata as the one here de- scribed in the horse. Endothelioma are recorded as having their origin in the brain substance. Some of these tumors somewhat resemble cer- tain forms of epithelioma and have often been described as primary carcinomata. The characters vary. Sometimes a tumor | is formed of densely packed masses of flattened cells with little fibrous stroma. Sometimes it is lobulated with considerable dense stroma in narrow or broad bands. Some are formed of cuboidal cells grouped around blood vessels. Again they may be_ packed in dense masses either around a central mass or blood’ vessel. The subject of this report was a black gelding, perhaps | twenty years old and destroyed for dissection purposes. Upon opening the right lateral ventricle, while demonstrating the var- ious parts of the brain, a new growth, whitish in color and about the size of a pea was observed. Upon close examination it was REPORTS OF CASES. 63 - found to involve a choroid plexus. The neoplasm was preserved 3 Band sectioned. A study of the sections revealed the fact that it was a hemendothelioma. The accompanying drawing is from a field showing the grouping of endothelial cells around the blood vessels. AN EQUINE HERMAPHRODITE.* By Dr. S. P. SmituH, Cando, N. D. The subject to be considered was a foal, being the offspring of a draft stallion and an Indian pony. May 20, 1903, the owner of this unnatural animal came to me for advice, stating that he had a foal twenty-four hours old which had no visible urinary tract, presenting only a fullness of the skin at the normal location of the vulva. I advised him to make an incision through the skin at the ischial arch, which he did and informed me later that there was a protrusion of flesh ° through the lips of the incision and it was able to micturate, passing urine through the superior commissure of the incision, which gave it immediate relief. ; I concluded that the protruding tissue was only an eversion of the inflamed clitoris and would disappear of its own accord. The animal was lost sight of until June 10, 1906, when the owner informed me that it had become unmanageable showing the instinct of both male and female. I made a clinical examination of this animal and found the following abnormal conditions to exist. Two well-developed testicles in their respective external inguinal rings, absence of scrotum with well-developed mammary glands and an excess smegma accumulated along the medium line of the udder. Pos- teriorly the corpora cavernosa of the penis projected several inches through the inferior commissure of the unnatural vulva, _ the urethra and superior portion of the organ were absent as. _ well as the clitoris. The urethra was the same as that of normal _ female except for its thickened walls and increased length. The _ general appearance of this animal was that of a male. _ June 20, this animal was cast for operation and after the _ inguinal regions were thoroughly disinfected, an incision was Ere Was: * Read before a Meeting of the North Dakota Veterinary Association. 64 REPORTS OF CASES. made through the skin about three inches posterior to the ex- ternal inguinal ring, breaking down the subcutaneous tissues with the fingers, exposing the testicle which was removed with the emasculator after which the other was likewise dealt with. From a microscopical examination they were normal in morphology and their histological structure. The posterior parts being disinfected, the protruding corpora cavernosa was dissected back close to its origin, and a portion about ten inches in length was amputated, ligating the con- voluted blood vessels. The dissection of this tissue left a pocket which was lanced at its base to perfect temporary drainage for the wound secretion. These wounds were dressed daily with a 5 per cent. solu- tion of lysol and iodoform boracic acid dressing or dusting powder. Granulation took place very rapidly and after sixteen days the wounds were entirely healed and the animal turned to pas- ture. A month later this animal was found dead in pasture; an examination revealed that death was caused by a stroke of light- ning; this gave me a chance to make a complete examination of the remaining generative organs. The vagina, uterus and fal- lopian tubes were normal. The ovaries were in the normal position, but rudimentary and very hard in texture.. The sev- ered ends of the vas deferens and spermatic cord lay close to the internal inguinal ring. The vas deferens taking their natural course inflected posteriorly above the bladder and beneath the vagina until they reached the urethra beneath the rudimentary prostate gland and vesiculee seminales, joining the urethra just anterior to its passing through the vaginal wall. There being no perceptible pathological lesions present or abnormalities of the rest of the organs of the body indicating that the animal had made a complete recovery from the oper- ation. | ANTITETANIC SERUM IN LARGE DOSES. By J. Etmer Ryper, D.V.S., Professor of Clinical Medicine, New York— American Veterinary College. | Chestnut mare, eight years old, fourteen hands two inches | high, weight 850 pounds. Was called on Thursday, February REPORTS OF CASES. 65 25, i909; history as follows: While riding on Sunday, Feb- “ruary 14, mare struck her off fore quarter, causing a wound about three-quarters of an inch long and a half-inch deep; this wound did well and at this time cicatrization was about complete, but showed considerable soreness upon pressure. Ph as Sy ee oo as Symptoms—Temperature 104, pulse 68 (small), respiration 60, head elevated, nose extended, trismus of the muscles of the face and cheeks, protrusion of the membrana nictitans upon the least excitement, entire body stiff and rigid, standing with hind legs wide apart and tail elevated and trembling, when moved did so with difficulty and as a solid piece. Diagnosis—Tetanus. Diagnosis confirmed by Drs. Grenside and Bretherton. Treatment—February 25, 5 p. m., injected 60 c.c. antitetanic serum. February 26, 8 a. m., all general symptoms improved seventy-five per cent., temperature Io1, pulse 48, respiration 28, was down four hours during the night and ate three quarts of steamed oats and bran for breakfast. Injected 30 c.c. antitetanic serum; 4 p. m., general symptoms still improving, temperature 104, pulse 48, respiration 20, ate two quarts for lunch. Injected 30 c.c. antitetanic serum; 6 p. m., all symptoms good, but mare very dull, head dropped, eyes partly closed, no excitement. Feb- tTuary 27, 8. a. m., temperature, pulse and respiration normal, all general symptoms good. I2 noon, mare apparently well. In- jected 30 c.c. antitetanic serum; 4 p. m., with the exception of extreme dullness mare seemed perfectly well. February 28, ‘noon, all symptoms normal and general condition good. In- jected 15 c.c. antitetanic serum. March 1, normal, no treatment. March 2, half an hour walking exercise. March 3, one hour _ walking exercise. This exercise was continued until March 11, when she was returned to regular work. This is the fourth case of tetanus that I have treated with _ antitetanic serum in large doses, repeating them as often as the - " symptoms demanded, and the third recovery. The point upon which the successful result of treatment depends is, I believe, the largeness of the doses used. In the average size horse the first ‘injection should be from 90 to 120 c.c. and repeated in six hours if necessary. 66 REPORTS OF CASES. RAPID RECOVERY FOLLOWING OPERATION OF LITHOTOMY. By Dr. E. S. Fry, Veterinarian, Naperville, Ill. On December 28, 1908, I was called to see a gray Percheron gelding coming two years old this spring. The owner called my attention to the fact that during the greater part of the summer of 1908 and ever since, the colt’s legs were continuously wet. At the above-mentioned date his legs were scaly, due to irritation of the urine. Urine was dripping at time of my visit and upon making a_ rectal examination I found a calculus at the neck of the bladder. Surgical removal was the treatment recommended and the operation was to be performed as soon as the weather was favor- able. January 12, 1909, was the date of operation. Means of con- trol—t witch and side line. local anesthesia was used on skin over seat of operation. A catheter was inserted into the urethra. An incision about two and one-half inches long was made through skin and dif- ferent tissues a little to the side of the median line. The next incision was made a little to the opposite side of the median line | through urethra on to catheter. The catheter was then with-— drawn to 25 bottom of wound in urethra and calculus, which > was 5 x 4/4 inches in circumference, was removed with forceps. The catheter was then pushed up into the neck of bladder | and urethra stitched over catheter with carbolized catgut. The outer wound was stitched with silk. Antiseptic treatment was applied to the external wound three times daily, which healed by first intention. Following the operation there was no constitutional disturb- ances; no loss of appetite; no swelling over seat of operation and animal seemed to suffer no inconvenience as a result of the oper- ation. The animal urinated through the normal ccinel and never once through the incised wound. RECOVERY FROM SECOND ATTACK OF 1 By A.FrepD F, Botiincer, D.V.S., Brooklyn, N. Y. Early in January T was called to see Kismuth S., a sorrel. pacer, owned by Mr. D., of Blythburne, 23 years old, being foaled in 1886, ee found him suffering from tetanus; the dis- . | REPORTS OF CASES. 67 es being well marked. Informed owner, who in turn in- - formed me that this was his second attack. This horse made ¢ “his mark in ’93. Shortly after, when eight years of age, he picked up a nail, and developed lockjaw. He was successfully treated by Dr. Sheppard of Sheepshead Bay. My treatment of the second attack consisted of carbolic acid and iodine, each v5 drops in water 511 hypodermically once a day. Sodium bromide _in drinking water ; treatment continued for fifteen days, recovery complete in twenty days. I neglected to state, the germ gained access through a wound on inside of lower lip, which was en- tirely healed at time of my first visit. “Dip your husband ever bet on a winning horse?” “Oh, > yes,’ answered young Mrs. Torkins. ‘ All the horses Charley bets on win at some time or another.” —( Washington Star.) MICHIGAN AND MARYLAND RELEASED FROM FOOT-AND- MoutH DIsEASE QUARANTINE.—The federal quarantine on account of foot-and-mouth disease has been entirely removed _from the states of Michigan and Maryland, no cases of the dis- ease having been found in those states sincé early in December. The quarantine on certain portions of New York and Pennsyl- -vania remains in effect, but covers only the particular town- : ships in which the disease existed together with certain adjoin- ing townships. Live stock, hides, skins, hoofs, etc., may be moved interstate from the quarantined portions of New York and Pennsylvania, however, upon certain conditions with the “permission of the United States Department of Agriculture. - Pan-ArricAN VETERINARY CONFERENCE.—The _ recent South African Veterinary Conference at Pretoria in the Trans- yaal was attended by delegates from all parts of the sub-conti- nent, even Madagascar and the Congo. The conference lasted for three days and the scope and character of the deliberations of the delegates give unmistakable evidence of organization and able leadership. United action on the part of all the colonies in - the matter of the extermination of animal scourges, which have handicapped South Africa for years, is the policy determined upon. Lengthy and interesting accounts of the conference and “its doings appear in the Rand Daily Mail, Johannesburg, Janu- ary 13, 14 and 15, 1909, and in The Transvaal Leader of Janu- ee 16, 1909. ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. THE U. S$. ARMY VETERINARY BILL DEAD. As predicted in the last issue of the AMERICAN VETERINARY Review, the bill “ To increase the efficiency of the Veterinary Service of the U. S. Army,” has failed to pass the House of Representatives. This means the death of a veterinary bill which was launched in good unison by the veterinarians of the army in 1904; which was afterwards altered by the General Staff, U. S. A., to fit the military opinion of the time, and which was fostered as an official bill of the War Department. Un- fortunately, the bill, as it emerged from the offices in Wash- ington, soon aroused the antagonism of the younger veteri- narians by apparently favoring the older veterinarians with over fifteen years of service and by an “ eliminating clause’ ap- plying also to those younger veterinarians who may have failed of reappointment, provisions which threatened to disrupt the good feeling previously existing among all army veterinarians. For four years the pages of this journal have been filled with opinions for and against this bill, and for the sake of peace and unity among ourselves, which we need more than anything else for our progress in the army, we shall abstain from further re- viewing the features of this bill or the causes of its final failure. The most prominent point about it now is that it has robbed us of four years of legitimate professional development which would have taken place had this bill been promptly enacted into law in 1904 or 1905, as it should have been. | Brushing aside the unpleasant recollections of this dead bill, we must at once look ahead for some better proposition, one that | will compensate us for the time lost. There can be no doubt that the army veterinary service, in spite of the obstacles en- countered in our present official status, has steadily improved to a higher plan of usefulness, little as this may be known out- side of the army where only complaints from us have been heard. We may frankly admit that we still have a few older or younger men among us who have preferred to go on along the path 68 ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT, 69 : Bos the old army veterinary routine, but with the infusion of new blood into our ranks new standards have developed, which ‘have been noticed in the line of the army for some years past and are now also known to the War Department at Washing- ton. With this fact we can count in our new endeavors at legis- lation. We need no longer be bashful lest we may offend the feeling of the army by a claim or claims for a respectable army veterinary service, which shall be what it is intended to be: An economical army department, with corresponding rank and emoluments of the veterinarians holding commissions therein. If signs are true, such institution is in view. The Army Re- organization Board, meeting at Washington, has asked and re- ceived opinions and recommendations for the improvement of the veterinary service from various sources throughout the army, and while little has transpired of the result of the deliberations of this Board, or what it is likely to be, enough is known to entertain hopes that a real improvement in the veterinary ser- vice is contemplated by the War Department along with the other changes in the organization of the different branches of the army. All army veterinarians have been given a chance to have their properly indorsed recommendations officially for- warded through the hands of Dr. Walter Fraser, Fort Myer, Va., or by other channels, and while it was impossible from lack of time to reach an agreement among ourselves as regards the pertinent points to be recommended, yet some very excellent ‘suggestions from veterinarians and interested army officers, par- ticularly one from Capt. Cameron, 4th Cavalry, Assistant Com- _ mandant of the Cavalry School at Fort Riley, Kansas, have been promptly put before this Board. From what is so far known, it seems appropriate and wise that we should identify ourselves with this new move in a watch- ful and prudent attitude. From the lessons just learned by the "failure of the old bill, we should refrain from seeking personal favors for a few in the way of exemption from irksome exami- — “nations or other obligations likely to be imposed upon us by the “new bill, realizing as we should that in order to gain a more Bee Ponsible military position, we shall have to malke a corre- sponding sacrifice in our present unrestricted and uncontrolled | teams that has so far exempted us from the periodical proof ot our continued professional ability, as is the case with all other if 70 ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. army officers. To conclude, we can do nothing better at present than try to help this new bill along the right path by a broad- minded conception of our professional duties and obligations whenever we should have further opportunity to enlighten our military authorities on the so far ill-understood veterinary branch of our army. OLoFr SCHWARZKOPF. INFECTIOUS ANEMIA OR SWAMP FEVER OF Horses.—After much investigation by the Bureau of Animal Industry of the United States Department of Agriculture the cause of infect- ious anemia or swamp fever of horses has been definitely deter- mined as an invisible virus which is capable of passing through the pores of the finest porcelain filter, like virus of yellow fever, hog cholera, and similar diseases. The disease is found to be most prevalent in low-lying and badly drained sections of the country, although it has “been found in altitudes as high as 7,500 feet, on marshy pastures during wet seasons. It is also more prevalent in wet seasons than in dry ones, and usually makes its appearance in June and increases in frequency until October. From experiments conducted by the Bureau it appears thar the disease is more or less prevalent in Minnesota, Kansas, Ne- braska, Colorado, Wyoming, Montana, North Dakota, and Texas. It begins to manifest itself by a dull, listless appearance and general weakness, the animal tiring easily, this stage being followed closely by a staggering, swaying, uncertain gait, the hindlegs being mostly affected. The temperature remains high for several days and then drops, to rise again at irregular in- tervals. The horse may improve for a time, but usually this temporary improvement is followed by a more severe attack than at first. The quantity of urine passed is sometimes enor- mous, death finally occurring from exhaustion. If uncompli- cated, the infection runs a chronic course, and usually terminates fatally in from two months to a much longer period. Veteri- narians in different sections report a mortality of 75 per cent. or even higher. Recovery takes place only when treatment is be- gun early or when the animal has a long convalescent period. The Review for November, 1908, Vol. XXXIV., page 108, | contains an article by Dr. John R. Mohler, of the Bureau, de- scribing the disease and giving treatment. ABSTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. ENGLISH REVIEW. By Prof. A. LiAvTARD, M.D., V.M. VESICAL CALCULUS IN A JACK [Lieut. H. C. Stewart, A. V. C.|.—For the past three months, or more, the animal has been treated for retention of urine. Finally, he is laid up; is in a very debilitated condition, passed urine occasionally in drops, cloudy and blood-tinged. Temperature and respiration are normal. Catheter introduced in the urethra revealed a cal- culus obstructing the cervical portion of the bladder, about three- quarters of a hand’s length from the anus. Operation is de- cided. The mule was cast, chloroformed and aseptic precau- tions taken. At first the animal was put on his back, but as it proved difficult to pass the catheter round the ischial arch, he then was laid on his left side and easily the instrument went in until it reached the stone. An incision was made in the peri- neal region with the catheter in the urethra, the incision enlarged and the calculus removed with a pair of bullet forceps. Ege- shaped, very rough, hard and apparently composed of oxalate - of lime, it weighed about two ounces. The bladder was washed with boric acid and the incision closed with Lembert’s sutures. _ Recovery was uneventful.—(V eter. Reco.) VOMITING IN THE Horse |/. H. Parker|.—Bay gelding 17 _ years old, was taken three years before with vomiting that lasted one hour. During that year he had four more attacks. Then the spells became more frequent and after the last he had ay as, op = ~ double pneumonia, from which he died. At the post-mortem it _ was found that the vomiting was due to a dilatation of the ceso- ‘phagus situated close to the stomach. The walls of the ceso-— _ phagus on one side was much dilated and the thickness of the _ organ much reduced.— (J/bid.) ue ae a: Twist OF THE INTESTINE: A FAmity History [H. Tay- lor; F. R. C. V. S.|.—Concise record of the case of bay mare _ that had colic and looked as if she was going to die; and which 71 72 ABSTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. PE she did after an illness of twenty hours’ duration. The post- mortem revealed an interesting torsion. Her mother and grand-— mother, said-the driver, had died of a similar attack and after | presenting the same symptoms. It is worth noting to trace a ~ family weakness so far back.—(Jbidem. ) CASE OF OBSTRUCTION IN THE GULLET OF A MARE [Augus- . tine Lopez, G. B. V. C.|.—Fine mare, 4 years old, in foal, is brought to a horseshow, has been classed and. is standing, wait- — ing to be judged. At that moment she was feeding on a liberal — supply of grain. Suddenly she is taken with choking. Saliva — flows from the mouth, countenance is anxious, and she makes ~ violent expelling efforts by coughing. Oil is administered and returned immediately by the nostrils. An ordinary whalebone cattle probang is introduced, and, notwithstanding it is pushed in several times, no good results follow. Finally, a gum elastic — catheter with a stylet being obtained and used, by turning it in — gently three or four times, some little particles of the grain were made loose and removed and gradually the animal was relieved and able to compete for the prize which she carried off.—(V eter. Record. ) FRACTURE OF THE PELvis [Henry B. Eve, M. R. C. V. S.]. —Recently bought, this six-year-old mare is taken with strangles, is treated and recovered. One morning she is found cast in the box where she was let loose. She is unable to rise and has to be helped up. Apparently none the worse for her accident she — is put in harness, driven a little distance and suddenly becomes dead lame. Brought to her stable, she drops down and is unable to rise. She is in great pan. With great difficulty she is put on her feet. She is very lame on the off hind leg, unable to carry weight on it. It is shorter than the other. Manipulations cause great pains and on tying a cord round the foot to assist — in the extension of the leg, the mare knuckled over at the fet- lock and nearly fell down. She stands with both hind feet wide apart, with the toes turned outwards. Rectal examination re- vealed nothing definite and no crepitation was detected. The regions of the hip joint and stifle were much swollen. Diag-— nosis of severe injury of the hip joint with probably complica- tions of fracture of the acetabulum was made. Local treatment and no slings as the place was unsuitable. The mare was de- stroyed. Post-mortem: Severe injury of the ligamentum teres and fracture right through the symphysis pubis with displace-_ ment.—(V eter. Record.) ante = aie ss Sa a ABSTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES, 73 INTERESTING CASE OF HERNIA IN A Mare [Mr, T. Powell, OM, R. C. V., and Prof..Hobday, F. R. C. V. S.|.—The photo of a mare, well-bred poney, which had had a foal. The ventral ; erin was enormous and the illustration shows that it pro- & truded on both sides of the posterior part of the abdomen. At- tempt at reduction was made, but the extent of the lesions was such that it was decided to have the mare destroyed.—( Veter. Journ.) MuttTieLe INTESTINAL CALCULI [C. Roberts, M. R. C, V. ge has not shown signs of illness, when he was taken with colic and died. At the post-mortem, the end of the double colon was found to be packed with oat-hair calculi varying in size from that of a marble to that of an ordinary orange. There were counted 873 of them.—(Jbidem. ) Some CastraTions | Lieut. A. J. Thompson, A. V. C.|.— Five ponies were operated. In three, ligatures had to be applied to arrest secondary hemorrhage. All were operated with knife and actual cautery. All the cases had a raise of temperature about the end of the first week. Ligatured cases were less favorable than the others. The ponies resumed work at the end of the fortnight following the operation.—(Jbidem. ) Tumor-LIKE GROWTH RESULTING FROM FAULTY DEVELOP- “MENT OF THE PETROUS TEMPORAL BONE IN A Horse: SUCCESS- FUL Removat [H. Caulton Reeks, F. R. C. V. S.|.—While at- tending to the stock on a farm, the author noticed a yearling filly whose head had a peculiar shape, having a growth at the : base of the right ear. The owner said that it was there at birth and that by veterinary advice it had been left alone. It has 4 grown, and is soft and fluctuating in its upper half while the : lower part of it, rather movable, feels like cartilage. An ex- ; : . ss _ploring trocar inserted gave out more than two pints of thick, _giairy deep yellow-colored fluid. Following the escape of the fluid, the skin of the upper portion of the tumor collapsed into a saucer-shaped concavity formed by the lower part, which, be- ing hard, had to be removed. The animal was cast, adrenalin _and eucaine used for local anesthetics. An incision on the skin of the upper surface of the tumor let the fluid, which had ac- cumulated again, escape and the interior of the saucer-shaped 74 ABSTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES, concavity was exposed and at its bottom were noticed the laby- rinth of the ear, the snake-like convolutions of the cochlea be- ing readily apparent. The osseous covering of the internal ear was totally wanting and the membranous portion of the labyrinth only had been developed. Anyhow, the skin was carefully dis- sected from round the saucer-shaped lower half of the tumor and steps taken to remove it. But as it was not cartilage, as suspected, but real bone, and as it was quite movable, its re- moval required a great deal of care for fear of injuring the contents of the unprotected ear. However, in using cartilage knife, bone forceps, and fine saw the growth was reduced suf- ~ ficiently to leave the parts sufficiently closed and forming about the normal contour of the head. ‘The flaps of the skin were cut to adapt themselves to the new condition of the region, powdered boric acid was used as dressing and the wound closed with in- terrupted sutures. With the exception of a temporary small unhealed depression which required a short attention, recovery was exempt of any special event.—(Journ. of Comp. Pathol. and Ther.) DIGESTIVE Powers oF THE OstricH [R. J. Stordy, M. R. C. V. S,|.—This is a record. One-year-old bird, in poor condi- tion, has been ill for some time, and finally died. At the post- mortem, at first in opening the glandular stomach (proventicu- lus) several brass cartridges fell out. On more careful examina- tion and after opening the gizzard, there were found from both compartments I11 brass cartridge cases and two bullets. Many of the cartridges were worn to the size of a pea, in four only the detonators were left, while others had been but recently swallowed. It is not probable that death was due to the pres- ence of those foreign bodies as the animal had fed well up to the time of death—(Journ. of Comp. Pathol. and Therap.) CASE OF ANTHRAX IN AN Ostricnw [W. Robertson, M. R. C. V. S., Gov. V. Bact.|.—It has been generally supposed that ostriches, like other birds, had under natural condition im- © munity for anthrax. It seems not. Seven ostriches had been — under observation for seven weeks. The place where they were kept was clean and no anthrax had occurred in the place for fourteen years. All the birds were feeding well. One after- noon one was noticed to be lying on the ground, quite dead, with ABSTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 75 _ the head and neck twisted back over the body. Post-mortem: - Blood quite fluid. Intestines congested from end to end. Mucous membranes congested with hemorrhagic areas. Spleen much enlarged. Microscopic examination of the blood show bacilli identical morphologically and by staining characteristic with those of anthrax.—(Journ. of Comp. Pathol. and Therap.) FRENCH REVIEW. By Prof. A. Liautarp, M.D., V.M. CONTRACTION OF THE CisoPpHAGUS DUE TO AN ABSCESS CLOSE TO THE CARDIA IN A Cow [Mr. Bitard].—A six-year- old cow has slight tympanitis, loss of rumination, fair appetite, but painful deglutition. She is treated by an empiric. She gets worse. Deglutition is very painful, although the appetite is always very good; liquids are swallowed without difficulty. Is treated with mucilaginous drinks, honey and camphor, with- out results. She remains in that condition for a few days. Ex- ploration of the throat and pharynx is negative and a catheter is introduced in the cesophagus. It goes in well until towards near the cardia when it is stopped and notwithstanding rather hard pressure it cannot be made to go farther. A smaller ball is then put in the end of the probang, as the one which is there is rather big, and after a third trial the instrument is pushed in _through. However, the condition did not improve. Loud in- _ termittent roaring developed, true violent efforts for vomiting _ took place and were followed by the throwing up of glairy and _ alimentary substance. Finally, as the cow was in good condi- _ tion she was sent to the butcher. At the post-mortem, there was found an abscess back of the diaphragm at some distance from the insertion of the cardia, containing half a cup of yellowish _ pus without any special odor. The cause of this abscess could _ not be made out.—(Prog. Veter.) ___ Torsion.or THE UTerus In A Mare [Mr. Magneron, Jr.}. _—Mare, 6 years of age, is far advanced in pregnancy. The normal time has expired since a few days. She has violent _ pains, makes powerful efforts. Vaginal exploration reveals a 76 ABSTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES, torsion of the uterus. The vaginal folds run from right to left. It is a complete torsion, as it is impossible to introduce the finger in the folds so as to reach the foetus. The classical treat- ment of rolling the animal in the sense of the torsion, to the left, is resorted to and notwithstanding great difficulty after a first turn, the arm of the operator felt less compression in the vagina. At the second turn the torsion was removed and after a short time delivery took place without further trouble —( ev. V eter.) LockjAw FoLtowi1ne Bires or A TIGER: Recovery [Mr. Bergeon|.—At a hunting party in Indo-China, while running © a deer, the hounds found themselves in the presence of a tiger. In a few seconds, four of them were killed by the feline, and the fifth, bitten on the neck, was saved only by the cries of an indigent hunter who frightened the beast away. The injured dog had only a deep muscular wound of the neck and was suf- fering with paralysis of the forelegs, which suggested that a lesion of the spinal cord of the cervical region existed. The wound was dressed with permanganate of potash 1/1000. The | dog was made as comfortable as possible and fed with milk and soup. He seemed to improve, but after a few days he was taken with complete opisthotonos. The case looked bad and a fatal prognosis was given. Nevertheless, the dog continued to lap his milk. No special treatment was prescribed. The wound gradually healed, the general condition improved and although the convalescence was long the animal made a complete recoy- ery.— (Rev. Veter.) PREMATURE FECUNDATION IN A FirvE-MoNTHs-OLpD HEIFER © [ Mr. Janeteau|.—While going to the public watering-place, a heifer aged five months and twenty days was mounted by a bull and become pregnant. Fearing accidents at the time of parturi- tion, she was made to abort by receiving when about two months ~ gone.a drench of wine with Io grammes of Ergot and 4o of © powdered gentian. This drench we repeated four times. The result was abortion without complications.—(Jbidem.) VAGINAL GESTATION [Mr. A. Lescure|.—This cow has had several gestations, all very regular. She is now seven months © gone. One morning she is found with the water bag protruding from the vulva and yet she has shown no colic, made no expul- | sive efforts and she has no evidence of being a victim of trau- =] “ay ABSTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES, ' matic injuries; she is about to abort. Yet fragments of the en- _ velopes are issuing from the vulva. Exploring the vagina, the hand detects at some centimetres from the vulva, a puffy mass, slightly fluctuating, | containing hard and movable substances. It is a small foetus surrounded “with its envelopes, which is read- ily extracted. Continuing the exploration the uterine neck is found closed, as in the non-gravid uterus, and projecting in the vagina allowing the introduction of the finger and without any foetus in the cavity. ‘The one extracted has the characters and normal development of a four months’ calf. He has macerated in the amniotic fluid, remaining surrounded by the intact en- velopes. Rejecting the supposition that the case was. one of abortion, the author asks if it was one of real vaginal gesta- tion, with grafting of the egg on the vaginal mucous, with normal development of the embryo up to four months, when the foetus had died, remaining three months more, when his ab- normal presence being no longer supported by the vagina, the symptoms of abortion took place.—(Rev. de Mede. Veter.) LaMENEss Forwarp Dur to UNsuSsPECTED FRACTURE OF VERTEBRAE [Mr. Trintignan, Army Vcterinarian].—A tumor as big as the fist of a man is on the left side of the withers of a mare. Exploration shows pus. The abscess is evacuated of half a litre of thick creamy pus. There exists deep necrosis with purulent infiltrations. The trapezium and the mastoido-humeralis muscles are freely divided. But new fistulas are formed, not- _ withstanding continuous antiseptic irrigations. The mare is killed. On each side of the withers there are fistulas and _ abscesses running under the scapula. There is a large piece of _ the ligamentum nuchz necrosed and a consolidated fracture of _ the spinous process of the first dorsal vertebra. The callus ex- _ tends to the second vertebra.—(Rec. de Mede. Vete. Milit. and _ Jour. de Zoot.) | RARE CASE OF FRACTURE OF THE AstTRAGALUS [By the _ same|.—While practising jumping over hurdles, a mare slips, makes a violent effort to save herself and can scarcely make. a few steps forward. The left hind leg is slightly flexed and _ rests on the ground only by the toe. No crepitation is detected. _ There is a depression on the inside of the hock, the tibio-tarsal _ joint seems to have been badly sprained with rupture of the liga- ments. The mare is destroyed. Cdematous swelling and hemorrhagic infiltrations are surrounding the joint. The lateral 78 ABSTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. ligaments:on the inside of the hock are lacerated. The astra- galus is broken into seven irregular pieces of various size and form. It has been literally crushed. The internal malleolus of the tibia is also fractured.—(Jbidem. ) OVERLOADED INTESTINES FOLLOWED By RUPTURE OF THE Fioatinc Coton [Mr. O. Comte, Army Veterinarian |.—One morning this horse was suffering with colic. His look is anxi- ous but his pains seem dull and not severe. He scrapes the floor with his forelegs now and then, looks to his flank, turns his upper lip upwards. There is slight tympanitis. Pulse is — good. Soap injections, massage of the abdomen and pilocarpine are prescribed. However, the tympanitis increases and punc- ture of the caecum is performed. The horse is bled, has mustard put on his abdomen, and soap injections continued. Colic re- mains dull, pulse still very good, but when the horse lays down he does it carefully, flexing his front legs and then slowly drop- ping on his hind quarters. Chloral, opium and ether give but little relief. The bowels have not moved. The animal dies dur- ing the night. At the post-mortem the abdominal cavity is found filled with feces spread all over the intestines. All the organs © are congested and on the initial portion of the floating colon are found two lacerations, eight and ten centimetres long, both sur- i rounded with dark edges and hemorrhagic exudation. There are two others also, smaller, one about the same spot but nearer the large colon, and the other at-the point of the cecum.— (Journ. de Zootech.) | VoLuMINous Epuris IN THE Horse [Mr. Lusseau|.—An aged heavy draught horse, very thin, has the right cheek muchi distended and from the commissure of the lips on that side there protrudes a smooth, rounded, red mass covered with muco- — sities. Buccal examination shows a very large tumor, occupying the entire internal face of the cheek, without adhering to it but with a wide peduncle and attached to the gum of the three first © molars. It extends beyond the commissure and posteriorly — reaches the posterior molars. Mastication is impossible. The amputation was made with a strong piece of wire, about one © metre long, which was passed loop-like close to the gum, and — surrounding the peduncle in such a manner as to embrace well © the base of the growth. Drawing the wire partly out, the longest part of it was heated with a solder lamp and then pulled — by the other end until part of the base was cut. Then this second nb) Pe Ns ae ABSTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES, 79 _ portion of the wire was heated, pulled out by the other end, and so on alternately until the section was complete. Then the - base on the gum was cauterized. The animal did well. Un- fortunately, died two months later and the author does not know if the growth returned or not.—(Journ. de Zoot.) GENERALIZED GANGLIONARY TUBERCULOsIS IN A Doe [Mr. L. Auger|.—The owner of this St. Germain dog wishes him to be destroyed, as he has two large goitres. Indeed, on each side of the larynx he carries a large painless tumor. But they form on each side a distinct mass which is situated a little above and also outside of the normal position of the thyroid gland. Besides, in front of the shoulders he has a tumor with the same characters, it is an adenitis of the prescapular glands. On each side of the penis the superficial inguinal glands and on the back of the hindlegs the popliteal glands are also hypertrophied. Pal- pation of the abdomen reveals the presence of several masses, there is no fever and the dog is not in bad condition. However, the owner wants him destroyed. At the post-mortem the sub- maxillary, retropharyngeal, parotid, prescapular, inguinal, popli- teal, abdominal, tracheo-bronchal and sus-sternal glands were all more or less hypertrophied and in a state of caseification in various degrees. The lungs were comparatively free, having only _ two or three gray translucid tubercles. There were aiso some on the liver. All the other organs were normal.—(Jbidem. ) BELGIAN REVIEW. By Prof. A. LiauTarD, M.D., V.M. Upon THE PENETRATION OF THE BACILLUS OF TUBERCU- Losis THRoUGH THE INTESTINAL WaAtts [Mr. Hermans].— This communication was made before the pradend of Medi-. cine of Belgium. In some conditions of experiments the tuberculosis bacilli _ always pass through the normal intestinal mucous of the guinea- _ pig.—1o0o0 of these animals (64 females and 36 males) received _ with the cesophageal probang, 3 centigrammes of fresh cultures _ in intimate emulsion with 5 c. c. of physiologic water. The ani- SO ABSTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. mals had nothing to eat previous to the operation and the fasting — was kept up after. Three weeks later three of the pigs died — and presented bacilli in the mesenteric glands. One of the other pigs was lost. Of the 96 remaining which were submitted to the test of tuberculin, 90 reacted. All the females that were pregnant at the time of the tuberculination, aborted of foetuses more or less developed or had premature delivery of living little ones. One year after the absorption of the culture all the ani- mals, except one, had died with generalized tuberculosis. Liver, spleen and lungs, stomach and kidneys were all found diseased. _ The intestines affected to less extent in 28 cases. The last liv- ing animal was finally killed and exhibited tuberculous lesions of the intestines, liver and spleen. In all the cases, the mesenteric lymphatic glands had tuber- culous lesions and in the very rare cases where these could not be detected, frotis of their substance revealed tuberculous bacilli under the microscope. The little pigs, born during the experi- ment were also examined and lesions containing tubercular bacilli were found in the liver of two twins. Conclusions: Ist— In normal guinea pigs with empty stomach, humane tuberculous bacilli given in emulsion with physiologic water, always pass through the intestinal walls and reach the corresponding mesen- teric glands. 2d—The penetration may take place on the small or large intestines, but does not seem to occur through the mucous of the stomach. 3d—The bacilli invade the organism and multiply in the liver, spleen and lungs and occasionally, though later, may produce intestinal lesions. 4th—Tuberculin is a powerful abortive with pregnant and tuberculous guinea pigs. 5th—The two cases of hereditary tuberculosis observed do not justify a conclusion as to this mode of propagation in man.—(Bulletin Academ. de Medcec. Belgig.) CO-EXISTENCE OF RACHITISM IN SWINE AND BoviNes: A Symptom LitrLteE KNown oF RACHITISM AND OSTEOMALACIA IN Bovines [Prof. Lienaux].—In a farm where either disease has not been known to exist for years, some thirty bovines are kept. Five two-year-old bulls have become lame at short in- tervals of time, towards the end of the winter and during the period of stabulation. The lameness exists. in several legs, almost all have hard and painful swellings of the lower part of the | forearm and occupying principally, the internal face of the region. Similar swellings are also found on the fore and hind ABSTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 81 -fetlocks, localized on the inferior extremity of the canon bones. While three of the animals are not very lame, one lays down “altogether since several days and refuses to rise. When forced to get up, he is unable to ‘stand, and at the point of the hocks one can feel a solution of continuity in the structure of the Tendo -Achillis. There is a true desinsertion of the tendon, and as the animal is killed at once the tendon of the bifemoro-calcaneus ‘is found loose from its insertion to the os calcis, while that of the perforatus still in place is only very thin and worn off. An- other bull was also very lame and in a very bad condition. Having inquired as to the condition of the health of the pigs kept on the place, Prof. Lienaux found that two of them were sick and lame, having epiphysar enlargements and articular deformities. The other bulls and pigs were suffering with the same infection. Hygienic treatment and appropriate regime were prescribed. Three of the bulls improved. The fourth one, that was in such bad condition, broke down at the hock with the same desinsertion of the bifemoro-calcaneus, a symptom cer- tainly known but to the presence of which attention has not pes called sufficiently.—(Annal. de Bruel.) AcTINOMYcosIs IN A HorsE—SuB-CuTANEOUS NODULES ON THE Face.—Sus-GLossat ADENOMA [By the same]|.—To ‘have an enlarged sub-glossal gland removed this horse was brought to the writer. The gland is as big as two fists brought together. It is hard, fibrous, and has several openings from which escapes a little white pus. This condition has been diag- nosticated as a sequela of strangles. However, the horse car- ries besides, on the right half of the face a number of little _ tumors, varying in size from that of a pea to that of a hazel nut. ‘They are sub-cutaneous, hard, elastic or exceptionally fluctuat- ing. They do not adhere to the skin nor to the surrounding ~ tissues. Some twenty in number, they are spread between the “right eye and nostril alongside the veins of the region. One of them is incised and it shows in the centre some pus, white -and creamy, and round it firm tissue with yellow granulations. The trouble is not glanders nor tuberculosis, there are no bacilli _of Koch, none of glanders, no staphylococcus, streptococcus or bacilli of Preisz; Further examination revealed the nature, it is actinomycosis. The sub-glossal swelling is too large to expect its reduction with the Iodide treatment. It is removed. The 82 ABSTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES, nodules of the face were open, cureted, cauterized and dressed with corrosive powder. Recovery.—(Annals de Belgiq.) CONTRIBUTION TO THE TREATMENT OF TETANUS IN Bo- | VINES [Charles Tyvaert|.—The interesting record of recoveries from tetanus in two cows, one following a punctured wound of the foot and the other without apparent traumatic cause. Both animals recovered; the first in 21 days and the second in 7. — The treatment was as follows: Quietness in a dark stall. Food consisting of bran and common salt. Puncture of the rumen with the trocar left in place for a length of time varying accord- — ing the condition of the animal. Feeding through the rumen with funnel. Medical treatment consisted in infusion of pulver- | ized gentian root with sulphate of soda, naphthaline, nitrate of potash and chloral hydrate—( Annals. de Belg.) THe TrutH.— ‘See here. That horse you sold me runs away, kicks, bites, strikes and tries to tear down the stable at. night. You told me that if I got him once I wouldn’t part with him for $1,000.” “Well, you won’t.”—(Lutheran Observer.) ; AN UNPARDONABLE OFFENSE.—Muiss Smart Set—What has — become of Celestine, your maid? Mrs. De Smythe—TI had to discharge her. She had no proper consideration for my poor Fido. Miss Smart Set—Why, I always thought she took ex- ceptional care of the pet. Mrs. De Smythe—So did I till I found she was using her own comb on his hair without first sterilizing it—(London Telegraph.) MopERN REQUIREMENTS.—“‘ Have you thrown the cow into — the antiseptic tank? ”’ ec Yes.” ; “ Have you washed the can with carbolic acid solution? ” ’ \ hayes “Have you plunged into the germ-destroying bath, your- self?” | “ Certainly.” ; “All right. Go ahead now and take the cow into the air- tight glass cage, but keep on the lookout that no stray bacteria gets into the milk.” — (Bohemian. ) | Tne 2 at Re OBITUARY. DINGY LL. HUNTER, V. S: With deep sorrow we chronicle the sad death of our late associate and esteemed friend, Dr. Sidney L. Hunter, 2d Field Artillery, U. S. Army. His death occurred at San Diego, California, on the 27th day of February, 1908, where he was spending the winter upon sick leave, ‘which was granted him on account of his poor health resulting from Bright’s disease, from which he has been a sufferer for a number of years. His death, though sudden, was not unexpected to those who knew him and were aware of his condition. Dr. Hunter was born March 13, 1858, at Hector, Schuyler County, New York, was educated in the public schools of Wat- kins, N. Y., and taught school for a number of years, and en- tered the Ontario Veterinary College in October, 1885, and was graduated in March, 1887, after which he practised in Bath, New York, until August, 1890, he was appointed to the Quar- _termasters’ Department of the U. S. Army and sent to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, where he held the position of Assistant Instructor in Hippology at the Infantry and Cavalry School, where he served until July, 1900, when he passed the Army examination for appointment to the regular service, standing first in the list of candidates appointed at that time. After _ appointment, he was sent to the Philippines, where he served six - months and was ordered back to Leavenworth as an instructor in the Infantry and Cavalry School (now school of the line) and also placed upon the Army examining board to examine candidates for the Army, upon which board he served a number of years. He filled the position of instructor in the service - school at Fort Leavenworth, Kas., up to the time of his death. ° He was an honorary graduate of the Kansas City Veterinary - College and has been an instructor of this college for the past ten years, going from his station at Fort Leavenworth once or twice weekly to give his lectures at the school; member of the _ American Veterinary Medical Association; member of the Ma- sonic Order, and in the latter he had received the work to the ‘ fs 84 OBITUARY. 32d degree, and was appointed and served two years as District Deputy Grand Master, but was forced to resign this office on account of failing health. In appreciation of the esteem in which he was held at the Service School of Fort Leavenworth, all duties were suspended on the day of his funeral and the officers on duty at the school at- tended in a body, and Company “E,” 13th Infantry, fired a salute at the grave and thé band of the 13th Infantry led the © procession. So he was given full military honors at his burial, and in addition the members of Hancock Masonic Lodge of — Fort Leavenworth (No. 311) took charge of the funeral ser- | vices and buried him according to the rites of the order. In his death the profession loses one of its ablest men and one we can ill afford to spare. He was a devoted husband and kindest of fathers and his death is a severe blow to his family, which consists of a wife and two daughters, named Mildred and Mae; and I believe that I can speak for the profession who knew him in ok our heartfelt sympathy to his bereaved family. I believe that to Dr. Hunter the profession in the Army owes a great debt, since through his kindly manners, zeal and ability he has done so much to lift it to a higher level in the | eyes of all officers who have come in contact with him through- out his long service. . ORs = OFF CORRESPONDENCE. VETERINARIANS DECAPITATED. SANTIAGO DE LAS VEGAS, March 14, 1909. Epirors AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW: The new Cuban administration has taken its official machete and decapitated every American employee in the Department of Agriculture, among whom is your obedient servant. No sug-— gestion of inefficiency was made. Yours sincerely, N. S. Mayo. Be koa SOCIETY MEETINGS. » MICHIGAN STATE VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSO- CIATION. The twenty-seventh annual meeting was called to order by the President, Dr. T. G. Duff, at 1 p. m., February 2, 1909, at Hotel Downey, Lansing. Minutes of last meeting were read and, upon motion, were duly approved. It was moved and supported that the regular order of busi- ness be suspended for one hour, and that Rev. Jerome, of Hills- dale, an officer of the Anti-Tuberculosis Society of Michigan, and also in the National Association, be requested to address the Association. Rey. Jerome then spoke, and gave a talk that was very much ‘appreciated by our members. He urged the necessity of proper legal protection for the veterinarian, not only from a personal view, but as a protection to the public, especially so, as qualified veterinarians were needed to assist in eradicating tuberculosis by stamping it out in the lower animals. Mr. Jerome said that their local societies had interested themselves in the proposed amendment to the veterinary law, and had taken steps protesting its passage. He submitted the following copy of a petition that was sent to some members of the State Legislature : tr : “ Hillsdale, Mich., February 1, 1909. “Hon. L. WuitNey WATKINS, Senator, Tenth District; a Hon. R. W. ReyNo tps, Representative, Hillsdale County, Lan- : sing, Mich. : _ “ GENTLEMEN—Recognizing the close relationship that must exist between veterinary practice and the general practice of _medicine as applying particularly in the present and future to the prevention and eradication of tuberculosis, it is deemed a “proper matter for attention and action on the part of the anti- tuberculosis organizations, local and state. 85 86 SOCIETY MEETINGS. “We, therefore, members of the Hillsdale County Association — for the Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis, do hereby pro- — test against the amendment now before the Michigan Legisla- ture, extending the time for registration of non-graduate vet- erinary practitioners from January I, 1908, to January I, IgI0, being an amendment of section 4, act 244, Public Action of 1907. | “We hope you will thoroughly look into this matter, in the belief that if you do, your conclusion will coincide with the view above expressed. In that event, we trust your influence and — votes will be against the proposed amendment.” Moved and supported that a hearty vote of thanks be ex- — tended to Mr. Jerome for his pleasing address, and to his society for their practical interest in the educated veterinarian. Carried. Resuming the regular order of business, President Duff gave — his address. He spoke of veterinary conditions, and said from > his viewpoint there had not been much change. Foot-and-mouth disease had invaded our state, and would receive proper notice by our Committee on Diseases. Among the recommendations Dr. Duff made were the following: That the office of Treasurer be made a separate office, as it* would give us one more active officer. | That nominations for offices be referred to the Executive Committee. | That a delegate be appointed to represent our Association | at the A. V. M. A. meeting. He said that it was evident that the question of a summer meeting would be compelled to lay over for another year, as_ the American meeting was to be in Chicago next fall, and all Michigan veterinarians should attend. He spoke of the death of Drs. McBeth and Carr, and ordered that suitable action be taken thereon by the Committee on Resolutions. As Prof. Marshall was unable to be present at the evening session, he was permitted to submit his portion of the report of the Committee on Diseases at this hour. The professor spoke on the © latest developments in hog cholera, experimentation, and gave an interesting account of their experience with vaccination dur- ing the past year. Some of the results were most gratifying, others were the opposite. It is still in the initial stage, and it will be some time before all obstacles are surmounted. SOCIETY MEETINGS. 87 Hon. C. A. Tyler, Secretary of the State Live Stock Sani- tary Commission, also spoke along these lines, and gave his ex- ' perience with the serum treatment, pro and con. Correspondence was read from Governor Warner, Board of Trade, Saginaw, Dr. James Harrison, and other absent mem- bers, the AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW, and others. Upon motion, invitation from Saginaw Board of Trade to hold our next meeting in Saginaw was referred to the Executive Committee. Dr. Jas. Harrison, of Delhart, Texas, formerly of Maple Rapids, sent in his resignation. Dr. Harrison, being clear on the books of the Association, upon motion, resignation was ac- cepted. It was suggested that, as Dr. Jas. Harrison had been, while in Michigan, one of our most enthusiastic members and an ex- president, that he be made an honorary member of this Asso- ciation. President referred matter to the Executive Committee. The following gentlemen made application for membership, which were referred to the Executive Committee: Dr. A. E. Joslyn, Pontiac. O. V. C., 1899. Vouchers, H. H. Clement and G. W. Dumphy. Dr. Theodore Frederick Krey, Detroit. N. Y. Am., 1905, and O. V. C., 1904. Vouchers, Judson Black and S. Brenton. Dr. L. M. Hurt, E. Lansing. Iowa State V. C., 1904. ~ Vouchers, Judson Black and Thos. G. Duff. Dr. Ward Giltner, E. Lansing. N. Y. State V. C., 1906. ; Vouchers, H. M. Gohn and R. W. McDonald. Dr. R. Armstrong, Detroit. Det. Col. Med., V. Dept., 1897. ‘Vouchers, J. Hawkins and F. G. Gilbank. : oh Dr. Chas. N. Nye, Coopersville. Det. Col. Med., V. Dept., 1897. Vouchers, J. Black and H. M. Gohn. Dr. C. C. Shaffer, Linden. O. V. C.,.1908. Vouchers, G. C. ~ Moody and W. H. Erwin. Dr. Thos. McAllister, Kinde. O. V. C., 1908. Vouchers, : W. A. Ewalt and D. G. Sutherland. Dr. Edward Graham Folsom, Mt. Clemens, O. V. C., 1908. : Vouchers, W. A. Ewalt and Judson Black. Dr. Jas. E. Joslin, Williamston. O. V. C., 1908. Vouchers, Geo. C. Moody and J. E. Ward. Adjourned until 7.30 p. m. 7.30 p. m.—President Duff called the assembly to order and called for report of Executive Committee. The Secretary, speak- ing for the committee, reported as follows: 88 SOCIETY MEETINGS. In regard to the question of the invitation to have our next meeting in Saginaw, after careful discussion it was recommended | by the committee that the invitation be accepted. In the matter of conferring honorary membership upon Dr. Jas. Harrison, of Delhart, Tex., it was thought it would estab- — lish an undesirable precedent, and it was therefore recommended that while we hold Dr. Harrison in highest esteem, we would — recommend rejection of the proposition. It was recommended that the following gentlemen whose ap- plications were referred to our committee be accepted as mem- bers: Drs. A. E. Joslyn, Theodore Frederick Krey, L. M. Hurt, © Ward Giltner, R. Armstrong, Chas. N. Nye, C. C. Shaffer, Thos. McAllister, and Edward Graham Folsom, and the applica- tion of Jas. E. Joslin be laid over for one year. Moved and supported that the report of Executive Commit- tee be received. Carried. Moved and supported that Dr. A. E. Joslyn’s application be laid on the table until to-morrow. Carried. The rules were suspended and the following were elected to membership col- lectively: Drs. Krey, Nye, Giltner, Hurt and Armstrong, and it was so declared by the President. Election of officers now being in order, it was, upon motion, decided to refer the nomination of the officers to the Executive - Committee. After a session of the Executive Committee they recom- mended that the following names be placed in nomination for the respective officers: For President, Drs. Robertson, Muir and George D. Gibson. For First Vice-President, Dr. D. G. Sutherland. For Second ~ Vice-President, Dr. W. H. Erwin. For Third Vice-President, Drs. W. L. Brenton and Bellinger. For Secretary and Treas- | urer, Dr. Judson Black. Moved and supported that recommendations of committee be adopted and the gentlemen named be the nominees for the re-_ spective offices. Carried. Election was proceeded with. President appointed tellers; ballot was cast for President, with the following result: whole number votes cast, 36, of which Dr. Muir got 29, Dr. Gibson 7. Dr. Muir was declared elected. As there was only one nominee for the office of First Vice- President, it was moved and supported that the rules be sus~ pended and the teller cast the vote for the Association for Dr. be aiaty ip. SOCIETY MEETINGS. 89 ED. G. Sutherland. Carried. This was done, and Dr. Suther- land was declared elected. The same method was adopted for the Second Vice-Presi- - dent, and Dr. W. H. Erwin was declared elected. Ballot was cast for candidates for Third Vice-President, with the following result: whole number of votes cast, 34, of which Dr. W. L. Brenton received 24 and Dr. Hal. L. Bel- linger 10. Dr. Brenton was declared elected. Moved and supported that there being only one nominee for Secretary and Treasurer, that the rules be suspended and that Dr. J. Black receive the vote of the Association. Dr. Black was then declared elected. | The same proceeding was adopted in case of each director, and the following were declared elected: First Director—Dr. S. Brenton, Detroit. Second Director—Dr. Hal. L. Bellinger, Plainwell. Third Director—Dr. Geo. D. Gibson, Adrian. Fourth Director—Dr. A. M. Kircher, Lansing. Fifth Director—Dr. H. M. Gohn, St. Johns. Sixth Director—Dr. F. G. Gilbank, Detroit. Report of Committee on Diseases was made by Dr. Z. Veld- huis (read by Secretary), on general topics covered by his in- vestigation. Dr. H. E. States, member of committee, gave a _ very comprehensive, entertaining and instructive account of the recent outbreak of the foot-and-mouth disease in Michigan, and a very good history and description of the disease. Dr. Ward Giltner, M. A. C., topic was “ Contagious Abortion,” and he _ gave a historical research in connection with the troublesome disease; also the treatment and prophylactic measures to be adopted. Adjourned until Wednesday, February 3, 9 a. m. February 3, 9.30 a. m.—Meeting called to order by President Duff. Dr. G. C. Sutherland, on behalf of Dr. S. Brenton and the other living members of the Association, presented to the Association a beautiful silver bound and engraved gavel. Dr. Sutherland spoke of the few members that had passed on, and of the few that remained of the small band that organized the M. S. V. M. A. in Detroit in 1883. Dr. Duff, in acknowledgment of the receipt of this beautiful remembrance from our senior members, thanked them for the emblem of authority and hoped that it would be always wielded in the cause of honor and right. 90 SQCIETY MEETINGS. REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE AND EDUCATION. Dr. Joplin, Chainnen, made a general report, reading letters from Drs, Dumphy and E. A. A. Grange. He reported the con- ditions of the college remained unchanged since the last report. Moved and supported that report be received and placed on file. Carried. COMMITTEE ON FINANCE. Dr. Cummings reported for committee that the books, vouchers, reports, etc., of Secretary and Treasurer had been audited and everything found was correct, and with a balance of $244.80 on hand, as reported by Secretary. Moved and supported that report be received and filed. Carried. Moved and supported that the bill of Roethke Floral Co., of $12 for Dr. W. F. Carr’s funeral, be allowed and paid by Treas- urer. Carried. COMMITTEE ON RESOLUTIONS. : Drs. Deadman, Blatchford and Consaul—Dr. Deadman, Chairman, submitted the following resolutions: | “ Whereas, It has pleased Almighty God to remove from our _ midst two of our most valued members, Dr. McBeth, of Battle Creek, and Dr. W. F. Carr, of Bay City, | “Resolved, That in their death the Michigan State Veter- inary Medical Association recognize a loss of two of their most — valuable and distinguished members, who zealously upheld the — dignity of the profession and whose general nature endeared © ~ them to all who had the pleasure of their acquaintance; “ Resolved, That the Association extend to the bereaved fam- ilies our heartfelt sympathy; be it further “ Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be spread upon the records of this Association and a copy sent to the bereaved families. _“ JoHN DEADMAN, (Signed) “F. M. BLratcHrForp, ““F. M. ConsAuL, “Committee.” Moved and supported resolution be adopted. Carried. SOCIETY MEETINGS. 91 : February 3, 1 p. m.—Mr. A. C. Anderson, Secretary of the Michigan Improved Live Stock Association, who was invited to be present at the meeting of our Association, spoke of the close relationship existing between his and our associations, and ex- tended an invitation for us to join in their meeting at any time it is deemed advisable and assured the members of the M. S. V. _M. A. a welcome at their meeting at any time. : Dr. Black, speaking for the members of our Association, reciprocated by extending the good will of the M.S. V. M. A. and advised a closer relationship with the Breeders’ Association, and also stated that the date of our Saginaw meeting would be fixed so as not to conflict with the Breeders’ annual meeting. Moved and supported that Dr. A. E. Joslyn’s application be taken up again. Carried. Moved and supported that Dr. A. E. Joslyn’s application be accepted and that he be elected to membership. Carried. Dr. Joslyn was declared elected to membership. Moved and supported that we elect a delegate to represent our Association at the A. V. M. A. in Chicago, and that the Association pay his hotel bills while in attendance. Carried. Moved and supported that Dr. T. G. Duff pe elected as such delegate. Carried. Moved and supported that a selection of names to present to ‘the Governor, from which he may select or choose a state veter- _inarian, be left to the Executive Committee. Motion lost. __ Moved and supported that the following names be sent to the Governor, as the choice of Association, in the order named: Drs. “G. W. Dumphy, H. M. Gohn, J. C. Whitney and Joseph Hawkins. Carried. Upon the suggestion of Dr. Dumphy it “was, upon motion, decided that an invitation be sent to the A. VY. M. A. to hold their meeting in Detroit in 1910. It was moved _and supported that Art. IV., Chapter II., be changed to read m'$50” instead of “ $25.” As notice of this was given at our ast meeting it was carried. | _ The resolution to amend Art. IT., Chante: VI., was laid on _the table. 3 Dr. Gohn offered the following amendment to our by-laws, “in writing: That Art. I., Chapter VII., be amended by inserting after the word “ Association” in line 7, the following words, “who has been duly registered.” 92 SOCIETY MEETINGS, Dr. Gohn spoke on the subject of prosecution of illegal prac- titioners. It was deemed advisable to first see that our law was not mutilated by the present Legislature before any rule be adopted for prosecution. It was moved and supported that the Executive Committee be authorized to act with the State Board in assisting in prosecu- | tions. Carried. Moved and supported that if funds be depleted, a special assessment be made upon the members under the direction of the Executive Committee. Carried. Dr. S. Brenton; President, and T. F. Krey, Secretary of the Ontario Veterinary College Alumni Association, spoke, de- scribing the aims and objects of the association. Dr. D. S. Krull’s paper on operation for Scrotal Hernia was a good, practical description of the various methods of operating. The covered operation with the wooden clamp was the one adopted by the doctor. Moved and supported that the Secretary be allowed $25 in addition to his salary for extra work last year. Carried. Moved and supported that the bill to regulate stallions, dis- cussed by Dr. Hurt, be referred to the Legislative Committee and the Committee on Diseases. Carried. Moved and supported that the Secretary be instructed to to notify the Governor of the action of this Association in select-. ing names to be sent to him from which he 1 is to appoint a state veterinarian. Carried. Dr. Duff, before handing over the new gavel to his successor, Dr. R. Muir, thanked the Association for their support and assistance to him while President. Dr. Muir, in a few words, thanked the members for their appreciation of his efforts as a member, and the honor that they. had conferred upon him by electing him to the office of Presi- dent of the M. S. V. M. A. Moved and supported that Dr. Duff be extended ‘a vote of thanks for his efforts in behalf of the Association while Presi- dent. Carried. President Muir announced the following standing commit- 16s: Intelligence and Education—Dr. J. C. Whitney, Hillsdale; Dr. R. F. Irwin, Alma; Dr. T. F. Krey, Detroit. Diseases—Dr. Ward Giltner, M. A. C.; Dr. W. J Johns, Paw Paw; Dr. Geo. D. Gibson, Adrian. oe SS SOCIETY MEETINGS. 93 Legislation and College—Dr. C. A. Waldron, Tecumseh; _ Dr. A. M. Kircher, Lansing; Dr. H. M. Gohn, St. Johns; Dr. ~ Geo. C. Moody, Mason. Finance—Dr. L. F. Baldock, Birmingham; Dr. W. A. Ewalt, New Haven; Dr. F. M. Blatchford, Brighton. Clinics—Dr. T. G. Duff, St. Louis; Dr. D. G. Sutherland, _ Saginaw; Dr. G. H. Carter, Saginaw; Dr. Dan. Hisey, Saginaw. Press—Dr. John Russell, Elsie; Dr. H. T. Cregan, Decatur ; Dr. F. Duncan, Ithaca. Adjournment, Jupson BLacKk, Secretary. MISSOURI VALLEY VETERINARY ASSOCIATION. The semi-annual meeting was called to order at 9.45 a. m. in the New Casino, Kansas City, Mo., February 2, 1909, by First Vice-President Dr. D. M. Campbell. Dr. S. Stewart was asked to give to the organization a message from the Secretary- Treasurer, Dr. B. F. Kaupp, explaining his inability to attend. On motion of Dr. Peters it was voted to.send Dr. Kaupp a - message of sympathy and hope for a favorable outcome of the - treatment he was undergoing. (Dr. Kaupp accidentally in- jured his hand while holding an autopsy on one of his experi- mental rabbits dead of rabies.) The office of the Secretary for the session was filled by the election of Dr. R. F. Bourne. On motion of Dr. Peters, reading of the minutes was dis- pensed with, since previous publication in the Bulletin had brought the proceedings of the Omaha meeting before the Asso- ciation. Reading of correspondence included the reading of messages from President J. I. Gibson and Secretary B. F. Kaupp of their inability to be present. The places of absentees on the Board of Censors were filled by the appointment of Drs. Hal Simpson, A. T. Kinsley and Paul Juckniess. The reading of papers was next taken up. Dr. A. T. Kins- ley presented a paper entitled “ Inflammation,” which was dis- ctissed in a spirited manner by Drs. Stewart, Luckey, J Vincent, and Kinsley. 94 SOCIETY MEETINGS. Dr. H. Jensen was then called to the chair while Dr. D. M. Campbell presented his paper on ‘“‘ The Treatment of Acute — Inflammatory Conditions.” This paper excited considerable in- terest and was discussed by Drs. Kinsley, Connaway, Smith, Knisely, Peters, Simpson, Warren, Lovell, Lyman, and S. Stewart. The Association adjourned for luncheon at 12 m. and re- assembled at 1.30 p. m. A. report of the Board of Censors was called for and the following gentlemen whom they reported as favorably acted upon were elected to membership: Dr. B. H. Meinershagen, Missouri; Dr. W. I. Randall, Nebraska; Dr. Ray B. Hurd, © Idaho; Dr. W. H. Saylor, Colorado; Dr. Geo. F. Jungerman, ~ Kansas; Dr. R. R. Dykstra, Iowa; Dr. Benj. F. Davis, Wyom- ing. | Reading of papers was resumed and Dr. R. P. Lyman pre- sented an interesting paper on “ Equine Colics,’ * which was discussed by Drs. Warren, Knisely, S. L. Stewart, and others. Under report of interesting cases in practice, Dr. W. Warren | recited two experiences, which were discussed freely by several members. Dr. D. F. Luckey next spoke of the present status of the Missouri Veterinary practice law and gave his ideas as to the outlook for the future in the direction of legislation. Drs. D. O. Knisely and H. Jensen were asked to give a similar outline of conditions in their respective states, Kansas and Nebraska. “Hog Cholera Control and Eradication” was the subject | of an address by Dr. J. W. Connaway. His methods and others brought up numerous questions and discussions from members. — The following papers on account of the absence of their writers were read by the Secretary: Report of an interesting case by Dr. B. J. Baker. ‘ Some Results of Recent Scientific Investigations,’ by Dr. B. F. Kaupp; — “Infectious Ulceration of the Teats of Cows,” by Dr. E. L. Luaces. 3 These papers were discussed at some length, as were the subjects of “Tetanus and Fistula,” by Drs. Warren, Slater, — Biart, and S. A. Peck. | The Association adjourned at 5.30 p. m. to meet in the - Banquet Hall of the Coates House at 7.00 p. m. *Published in March REviEW, Page 730. SOCIETY MEETINGS. 95 Shortly after 7.00 p. m. over one hundred guests, including - members, their wives, and others, assembled in the banquet hall. - The dinner and the speeches which followed constituted the most enjoyable feature of the meeting. Dr. S. Stewart acted as toastmaster. Addresses upon vari- ous phases of food and milk inspection were made by Drs. S. L. Stewart, D. M. Campbell, Frank Hall, A. T. Peters, L. Champlain, and R. P. Lyman. Two members with encores from ‘the K. C. V. C. quartet and solos by Messrs. J. M. Lawson and S. W. Alford were greatly appreciated and added the spice of variety to the evening’s program. At 10.00 a. m., February 3d, a demonstration of various dairy methods was given by Drs. S. L. Stewart and D. M. Campbell, at the Kansas City Veterinary College. Methods of testing milk for butter fat, water and preservatives and the operation of the cream separator, together with an exhibit of good and bad dairy products filled up the forenoon with inter- esting work. The apparatus for those demonstrations was very kindly furnished by the John Deere Plow Company. After luncheon, served in the college building, the clinic claimed the attention of those in attendance. Dr. F. F. Brown, _who had charge, presented the following cases for diagnosis and _ outline of treatment: : Case No. 1.—Dr. F. F. Brown, clinician. A well-built dap- _ ple-gray horse which had been treated for tetanus about a year _ previously; since then had difficulty in locomotion and trouble in getting up and down. ‘There was pronounced stiffness in _ gait, and a side bone in right front foot was also observed. Case _ diagnosed as Gonitis. No medication was offered. ; Case No. 2.—Dr. R. P. Lyman, clinician. This was a large _ gray mare, with the following history and symptoms: Animal - lies down most of the time when not in the harness. When _ driving stumbles in gait. Left hind limb is abnormally flexed, _ giving appearance of stringhalt. A rectal examination revealed _ tumors at bifurcation of Iliac arteries. Diagnosed as compres- _ sion of litmbo-sacral plexus by melanotic tumors. No medicine given. - Case No. 3.—Dr. W. Warren, of Sedalia, Mo., clinician, _ assisted by Messrs. McCartney, Hill and Vansell. A tenotomy _ operation for contraction of the flexor tendons. The toe rested _ on the ground, but heel was elevated, foot was drawn out of _ shape with evidence of soreness in the tendon sheath above the 96 SOCIETY MEETINGS. carpal joint. The tendons were divided about two inches above the fetlock joint. A well-taken point in operations of this kind was to thoroughly wet the opposite limb, to avoid dust and other particles being thrown into the wound, during struggles of the animal. Case No. 4.—Dr. Moore, clinician, assisted by Messrs. Hill, Vansell, Collette, and Dr. C. C. Kinsley. This was a very in- teresting surgical case-—the removal of half of the cow’s udder. There was a large necrotic area on left side, with some slough- ing of skin, and right side hardened. Case was diagnosed as Ne- crotic Mammitis. In performing the operation, the mammary artery was ligated at point where it leaves the inguinal canal, thus avoiding excessive hemorrhage and the necessity of ligating the smaller branches of this artery. Case No. 5.—Dr. A. T. Kinsley, clinician. This was a case of so-called “ Swamp Fever,’ and brought out much discussion, and various remedies from the visiting veterinarians. The ani- mal was a gray draft horse, four years old, was brought from a farm where he had been kept in a small pasture with some other horses, two of which had died from this disease. There have been periodic attacks of fever, going as high as 108 degrees, leaving the horse weak and anemic. ‘The blood on examination was thin and watery and showed lack of hemoglobin. The animal was first treated with one pint of linseed oil, in which was put one ounce of turpentine; this was administered daily, for several days, when the dose was doubled for some time; result of this treatment was the passing of quantities of worms. Animal had been receiving small doses of arsenic daily for the past month and seemed to be improving. Dr. S. L. Stewart reported very good results from the use of Salol in a number of cases of this kind. ~R. F. Bourne, Acting Secretary. VETERINARY ASSOCIATION OF MANITOBA. The annual meeting of this Association was held in the — rooms of the Dominion Department of Agriculture, Winnipeg, — on Tuesday, February 16, 1909. The President, Dr. C. D. McGilvray, occupied the chair, — and the following members were present: W. A. Dunbar, W. — SOCIETY MEETINGS. D7 ~ Hilton, W. J. Hinman, W. E. Martin, J. D. McGillivray, M. B. " Rombough, W. A. Shoults, F. Torrance, A. E. Williamson, T. er. F. Baker, J. B. Still, and P. A. Robinson, of Winnipeg; S. A. Coxe and S. Robinson, of Brandon; J. Welch, of Roland; W. R. Taylor and H. Bradshaw, of Portage la Prairie ; J. Mack, of Neepawa; J. Golley, of Trehorne; J. H. Part, of Swan River; _W. J. Cruikshank, of Deloraine; W. H. Smith, of Carman; J. _A. Swanson, of Manitou; J. M. Young, of Rapid City; J. H. Lipsett, of Holland; J. Irwin, of Stonewall; L. McQueen, of Selkirk; and W. B. Stiver, of Elgin. The reports of the auditors and treasurer showed the finan- cial affairs of the Association to be in a healthy condition. The registrar announced that during the year the following new members had been admitted after passing the required ex- amination : W. H. T. Lee, of Minto, M. D. V., McKillop, ’08; J. Mc- dougall, of Kenton, M. D. V., McKillop, ’08; J. A. Munn, of Carman, M. D. V., McKillop, OSE Fe ES. Rutledge, of Car- berry, M. Dev. McKillop, 08; W. B. Still, of Neepawa, M. D. -V., McKillop, 08. The death, on February 29, 1908, of G. V. Rowcroft, of _Birtle, was recorded with the deepest regret. He was a grad- _uate of the Ontario Veterinary College, 1897, and an active member of the Association since 1808. The return to Manitoba of one of the original members oi the Association, T. F. F. Baker, after an absence of some _ eighteen years, was noted with pleasure. The membership is now one hundred and six. _ The election of officers resulted as follows: President—J. Welch, of Roland. Vice-President—J. Irwin, of Stonewall. _ Secretary-Treasurer and Registrar—F. Torrance, of Winni- peg. Examiners—C. D. McGilvray, W. J. Hinman and F. Tor- _ rance. ~~ Council—The above, and J. H. Lipsett and W. E. Martin. _ The annual fee was fixed at two dollars, as heretofore. In a few well-chosen words the retiring President, C. D. McGilvray, introduced the newly elected President, Dr. Welch, _ and the Vice-President, Dr. Irwin, to the meeting. Dr. Welch thanked the meeting for the honor conferred on him. It came as a surprise to him, but he would use his best Be aa Ne me 98 SOCIETY MEETINGS. endeavors in the interests of the Association and the profession. — He suggested and hoped that another year, if all worked together to that end, they would be able to have a good clinic for the next annual meeting. It was one thing he would very much like ~ to see, and there was no reason why they should not have it. Dr. Irwin and Dr. Torrance also aateply, responded for being elected to their respective positions. On motion of Dr. Young, seconded by Dr. S. Robinson, a | hearty vote of thanks was tendered to the retiring President, Dr. C. D. McGilvray. Dr. McGilvray: “Fellow members of the Manitoba Veter-_ inary Association—lIt affords me great pleasure in accepting the vote of thanks you have tendered me. I might say that from the time I have been associated with the members of this Asso- ciation, | have always found that the greater number have aways done all in their power to forward the interests of the profession. I think that in the gentleman who is succeeding me you may expect better results than you obtained from me.” Dr. Hinman: “I understand that the Ontario Veterinary College has now gone in for a three-year course; would the Registrar be good enough to inform us what graduates are allowed to practise under our regulations? I understand that the graduates of the Ontario Veterinary College are now — eligible to do so, and would like to know from what other col- © leges graduates are eligible.” Dr. Torrance: ‘‘ Under our Veterinary Association Act, the — provisions require that candidates for registration shall be gradu- ates of a recognized, veterinary college, having a curriculum of ~ not less than three sessions of six months each. None of our colleges since McGill went out of veterinary teaching have com- plied with that until recently. During the past year the Ontario Government made arrangements with Professor Andrew Smith whereby the Ontario Veterinary College became part of the Toronto University, and the curriculum was raised to three sessions. In future, graduates of this college will comply with our law, and there will be no question of their having to go elsewhere to enable them to comply with our regula- tions. As regards other colleges, there are a great num- — ber in the United States that give a sufficient qualification to their graduates to enable them to be registered here; in fact, only one or two colleges in the United States have less than a _ three-year curriculum, but as we have never had any application se SOCIETY MEETINGS. 99 - from graduates of any of these colleges, we have never had the question raised. Under our act, it is left with the Manitoba _ Veterinary Association to recognize veterinary colleges, as we presume recognition means ‘recognition by this Association.’ Among the colleges hitherto. recognized by us are the ‘ McKil- lop’ and Chicago Veterinary Colleges, McGill, and the. Ontario - Veterinary College prior to 1898. In future we will recognize graduates from the Ontario pa tersiary College who graduate in this or subsequent years.” . On motion of Dr. Hinman, fecotbded by Dr. Golley, Drs. Taylor and Rombough were appointed auditors for the ensuing year. There being no further business before the meeting, the Sec- retary read a paper sent in by Dr. F. J. Braund, of Boissevain, on “ Azoturia.” A brief discussion followed, in which Drs. Martin and Golley related their experience with various remedies in the treatment of the disease. The meeting then adjourned until the evening, when a ban- quet was held in the Manitoba Hall, the Vice-President, Dr. Irwin, taking the chair in the absence of the President. Some twenty-five sat down, including, besides the members of: the Association, the following inspectors of the Federal Meat In- spection Department—Drs. Bell, Ross, Cameron, Walsh, Snider, _ English and Shonyo. After the good things had been disposed of, the chairman _ proposed the health of the King, which was duly honored, the - company rising and singing “ God Save the King.” _ Papers were then read. by Dr. Martin on a case of Ten- _ otomy;* by Dr. Dunbar on “ Professional Etiquette”; by Dr. Cameron on “ Opsonic Therapeutics ’’;+ by Dr. McGilvray on - * Recent Advances in Veterinary Knowledge”; by Dr. Torrance on “Some Personal Experiences with Cases of Inguinal and _ Ventral Hernia.” 3 Several of the papers elicited a lively discussion, and the members felt that the time had been well spent. ____ It was decided to hold the semi-annual meeting in Winnipeg, - final arrangements to be left in the hands of the Council. The meeting then adjourned. F, TorRANCE, Sec.-Treasurer and Registrar. *Published in ‘* Reports of Cases,’’ page 59. +See Original Articles, page 48. 100 SOCIETY MEETINGS. ARKANSAS VETERINARY ASSOCIATION. The second annual meeting of the above association was — called to order by the President, Dr. V. J. Audre, on February 3, © 1909. Election of officers resulted as follows: : Dr. Audre re-elected President; Dr. W. A. Fry, Vice-Presi- dent; Dr. H. E. Rice, Secretary-Treasurer. The President appointed the following committees: Legislation—Drs. E. S. Rice, W. Lenton, D. B. Morgan. Arrangements—Drs. B. H. Merchant, H. C. Hoskins, A. C. — Deaver. | Censors—Drs. W. A. Fry, R. L. Pryor, D. B. Morgan. By-Laws—Drs. W. Lenton, H. E. Rice, R. R. Dinwiddie. Governor Geo. W. Donaghey, who, in his message, advised the Legislature to pass a law regulating the practice of veter- inary medicine, was elected an honorary member. W. M. Rankin, State Humane Officer, the veterinarian’s friend, was also elected an honorary member. The Secretary presented the following communication from the Arkansas Humane Society: “Tt is time that the public be taught that in order to be quali- | fied for his work the veterinarian must first of all be well edu- cated in one of our recognized colleges, and that it requires fully as much time, training and study to qualify in veterinary science | as in human medicine; that the old ‘hoss doctor’ is no longer a representative of the profession, and must not be taken as an_ example of this class or as a type of a qualified veterinarian; that the veterinary profession has produced some of the greatest scientists the world has known; that an educated veterinarian is entitled to equal social standing with other professional men, none excepted; that it is quite as noble—and perhaps more noble © —to be able to relieve the suffering dumb animal that cannot help itself and protect mankind from communicable diseases as it is to minister to human beings; that the world needs scientific veterinarians as well as physicians to protect the health and lives” of both animals and humans.” A veterinary bill pending before the Legislature was en- dorsed by the Association, and our legislation committee in- structed to use all honorable means to obtain its passage. Upon motion, meeting adjourned. Horace E. RIce, Secretary. SOCIETY MEETINGS. 101 CONNECTICUT VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIA- TION. The annual meéting of the above association was held Tues- day, February 2, 1909, at Hotel Hartford, Hartford. The meeting was called to order at 1.30 p. m. by Ex-President Dr. J. H. Kelley. Members present—Drs. Thos. Bland, H. FE. Bates, Geo. T. Crowley, Chas. L. Colton, B. K. Dow, P. F. Finni- gan, L. B. Judson, J. H. Kelley, P. T. Keeley, G. W. Loveland, H. Whitney, C. R. Witte and V. M. Knapp. Minutes of the previous meeting were read and approved. Reports of the Secretary and Treasurer were read and ap- proved. The Board of Censors reported favorably on the following applications: V. M. Knapp, D. V. M., Danbury; E. F. Schofield, V. S., Greenwich; F. D. Monell, V. S., Derby. It was voted to accept the report and elect the applicants to membership in the Association. Officers were elected for the ensuing year as follows: President—Dr. P. T. Keeley. First Vice-President—Dr. F. F. Bushnell. Second Vice-President—Dr. L. B. Judson. Secretary—Dr. B. K. Dow. Treasurer—Dr. H. Whitney. Board of Censors—Dr. Thos. Bland, Chairman; Dr. G. W. Loveland, Dr. H. E. Bates, Dr. J. H. Kelley, Dr. G. T. Crowley. Under the head of new business, Dr. Bland gave an inter- esting report of the annual meeting of the A. V. M. A., held at Philadelphia last September, making special mention of the cases of Epizootic Lymphangitis that were exhibited at the clinic. Dr. - Bland’s report resulted in an interesting discussion of the cases. Drs. Keeley and Bland invited the Association to hold the semi-annual meeting in Waterbury, at Dr. Bland’s hospital. The invitation, being very cordial, met with approval of the mem- bers present, but as there were several absent from various sec- tions of the state, it was voted that the invitation be laid on the - table for a few weeks or until the President could communicate with all the members and get their views as to time and place of next meeting, which is usually held the first Tuesday in August. Meeting adjourned at 5.30 p. m. B. K. Dow, Secretary. 102 SOCIETY MEETINGS, YORK COUNTY (PA.) VETERINARY MEDICAL SOGIETY. The annual meeting of the above society was held on Tues- — day afternoon, March 2, 1909, in the parlors of the National Hotel, York, Pa., with a large number of members from the city and county in attendance. ae Election of officers resulted as follows: President, Dr. H. E. Kline, York; First Vice-President, Dr. J. D. Smith, Dallastown ; Second Vice-President, Dr. W. E. Craumer, Brodbecks ; Secretary, Dr: S. Bausticker, “York; Treasurer, Dr. Charles Lenhart,: Dover; Trustees, Drs. J. D. Smith, Dallastown; J. H. Hamme, York, and M. H. Gladfelter, Paradise; Censors, Drs. W. L. Herbert, E. S. Bausticker and PaUE e 3 Hamme, all of York. Interesting papers were read on the following subjects: “ The | Recent Outbreak of Foot-and Mouth Disease in Pennsylvania,” “Rabies in Cattle,” ‘‘ Osteo-Sarcoma in Cattle,’ and “‘ Animal Tuberculosis.” Society adjourned to meet in June. E. S. BAUSTICKER, Secretary. THE students of the San Francisco Veterinary College held — their annual banquet at the Grand Central Hotel, San Francisco, -Cal., on the evening of March 13th, the senior class being the | guests of honor. The alumni association was represented by a large delegation. Dr. M. J. O’Rourke acted as toastmaster. At the conclusion of the banquet each member of the graduating class was presented with a handsome stein. Foot-AND-MoutH DIsEASE QUARANTINE REMOVED FROM — New York AND Most oF PENNSYLVANIA.—The Secretary of Agriculture has issued an order, which became effective March — 26, 1909, releasing from the quarantine for foot-and-mouth dis- ease the entire state of New York and all of Pennsylvania, ex- cept certain portions of Delaware and Lancaster counties, as fol- lows: In Delaware county, the borough of Glen Olden; in Lan- caster county, the townships of East Donegal, Rapho, Penn, Warwick, West Earl, Upper Leacock, East Lampeter, Manheim, | East Hempfield, West Hempfield, Manor, Lancaster, Pequea, West Lampeter, Strasburg, Providence, Conestoga, Martic, Dru- more, and the boroughs and the city of Lancaster. NEWS AND ITEMS. Dr. L. T. Lewis, of Gallatin, Tenn., reports the removal of a - Champignon weighing 16 pounds and 4 ounces. Dr. C. G. VoLtMER, formerly of Kent, Ohio, has accepted a position as assistant to Dr. J. H. Blattenberg, of Lima, Ohio. Drs. R. A. Puitiips and A. B. WARRENER, of Oklahoma City, have established a veterinary hospital at that place, and re- port prosperity. Tue date for holding the 46th annual meeting of the A. V. M. A. at Chicago has been changed from September 14-17 to September 7-10. It is said that Dr. Coleman Nockolds, veterinarian, Ist cavalry, is likely to become a benedict. He sailed for Hong Kong, February Ist. Dr..B. K. Dow, of Willimantic, Conn., has been giving a course of lectures on veterinary science, at the Connecticut Agri- cultural College, during the winter term. Eacu number of the REvIEW is anxiously looked forward to as it always contains so much interesting and instructive reading.—(Walter R. Pick, Veterinarian, 1st Cavalry, Camp Stotsenburg, Pamp, P. I.) NEw Yorx’s champion speedway trotter, Invader, 2.10, has _ gone to the Canadian Northwest, having been purchased by Dr. W. J. Hinman, of Winnipeg, Manitoba, who will use the great trotter for amateur harness racing. It is with deep regret that the REvIEw announces the death of Dr. Sidney L. Hunter, of Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, one. of the ablest veterinarians in the United States Army and an esteemed member of the A. V. M. A. Tue fifth annual banquet of the Veterinary Medical Society of the Iowa State College, given in honor of the alumni and graduating class, took place at The Chamberlain, Des Moines, Iowa, on Friday evening, March 12, 1909. 103 104 NEWS AND ITEMS. — Epirors AMERICAN VETERINARY REvIEw.—lI wish to con- gratulate you on the excellent journal you are furnishing the profession. Every year sees a marked improvement over the one preceding.—({Dr. W. G. Clark, Veterinarian, Marinette, Wis.) | A. R. Warp, D. V. M., has just completed giving a special course in bacteriology and milk sanitation at the San Francisco” Veterinary Coilege. He leaves in a few days for Europe where he will study milk conditions and do research work in bacteriol- ogy. THE Canadian government has removed from the state of Michigan its quarantine restrictions on account of foot-and- mouth disease, and that the British government will now permit the importation of animals from Michigan to Great Britain for slaughter. GEORGE T, ANGELL, “ the friend of animals,’’ died at Bos- | ton, March 16th, aged 86 years. Mr. Angell had been for many years the leader in the humane educational movement in the United States and was the founder of the publication known as Our Dumb Aninals. T. WricGLEswortH, V. S., Eau Claire, Wis., is.now con- valescent after having undergone an operation for the removal of a calculus from the left kidney. Dr. Wrigglesworth suffered untold agony before the operation and feels thankful for his restoration to good health. GuLIAN C. Facan, D. V. S., graduate of the American Veterinary College, class of 1889, died at_his late residence, Ka- tonah, N. Y., on Wednesday, March 17, 1909. Dr. Fagan was a resident of New York City at the time of his graduation, and practised there until recent years. He is survived by a widow and one child. Epwarp J. Youne, V. S., graduate of the New York Col- lege of Veterinary Surgeons, class of 1891, died at Strafford, Pa., on February 6, 1909, just two days after the death of his brother, Dr. Thos. D. Young, of Media, Pa. This makes the sixth death in Pennsylvania of the registered veterinarians ‘since the beginning of the new year. NEWS AND ITEMS. 105° At the regular monthly meeting of the B. A. I. Veterinary _ Inspectors’ Association of Chicago, held on Friday evening, March 12th, Dr. J. M. Handley read a paper on recent parturi- tion and presented a specimen of a uterus taken from a cow that had calved fourteen days previously. Drs. Paxon, Faunce and _ Giltner participated in the discussion of Dr. Handley’s paper. VETERINARIAN NARROWLY Escapes DEATH.—Hillsboro, March 1.—Less than one minute after a dozen laborers engaged in excavating for the new Durnell block had quit work for din- ner to-day the north wall of the old Trimble building collapsed and the space they had occupied was covered with débris. Dr. S. R. Howard, veterinary surgeon, who had an office in the old building, narrowly escaped death.—(Ohio State Journal, Co- lumbus, March 2, 1909.) Dr. W. H: DALrympPLe’s recent lectures on ‘‘ Diseases Com- mon to Animal and Man,” delivered at the medical department of Tulane University, have not only been endorsed in the high- est terms by members of the medical faculty but evidently have made a favorable impression upon the public mind. Two of the leading daily newspapers of New Orleans published splendid editorials and gave lengthy reports of the lectures. This is work that tells for the profession. Tr is said of E. J. (Lucky) Baldwin, noted horseman and multi-millionaire, who died recently at his home at Arcadia, California, that when he began business operations in California 5 years ago that his rivals plotted against him and formed rings - to beat him, but he defeated them at every turn and earned the = sobriquet “ Lucky,” which he bore to the end of a long and : eventful career. We are indebted to Dr. C. W. Barrett, City _ Veterinarian of Pasadena, Cal., for a picture of Mr. Baldwin and an interesting account of his remarkable and “lucky ”’ life. BANQUET OF THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF THE NEW YORK- AMERICAN VETERINARY COLLEGE.—The Alumni Association of the New York-American Veterinary College (Veterinary De- partment of New York University), will hold its annual banquet’ at Reisenweber’s, Fifty-eighth . street and Columbus Circle (Eighth avenue), on Wednesday evening, April 14th. There will be a reception in the parlors from 7.30 to 8 p. m. and the dinner will begin promptly at eight o’clock. A splendid time is _ in anticipation, and it is hoped that every alumnus will lay aside 106 NEWS AND ITEMS. the cares of practice for a few hours and participate in it. Write | the secretary, Dr. L. L. Glynn, No. 141 West Fifty-fourth street, New York, of your intention to attend, as it will materially aid him in perfecting his arrangements. PROSECUTIONS IN PENNSYLVANIA.—During the month of March at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, prosecutions of W. M. Strayer resulted in a petition to the court for the conviction of a false statement made in 1891 under the Veterinary Practice Act. The court granted the petition and directed the prothono- tary to make a record of the same. In the same county |. Garber, of New Holland, and H. H. Kurtz, of Kinzers, plead guilty to violating the same acts and by agreement of counsel further prosecution was suspended on payment of all costs and the pledge of the offenders to in no way further violate the law. Dr. H. A. Paget, of Scranton, has been placed under arrest and two bills found against him for failure to register under the act of 1905 in Pennsylvania. John Jonas Johnson, of Philadelphia, plead guilty of violat- ing the several laws regulating veterinary pr aeire in Pennsyl- vania at the March term of court. D. A. Brunsinger, of Reading, Pa., was recently convicted of practising veterinary dentistry in Pennsylvania contrary to the laws regulating the practice of veterinary medicine and sur- gery. WHAT Is THE GooD OF COMPARATIVE ANATOMY ?—To un- derstand our own bodies we have to explain them in terms of the structure of other animals, and many of our parts would be meaningless to us but for a knowledge of comparative an- atomy. Our cankered vermiform appendix is represented in some — animals by a large and serviceable attachment of the digestive tract, which explains it as a degenerate organ and therefore necessarily variable. Deep between the hemispheres of the brain is a little sac about the size of a pea, the pineal gland, and com- parison shows that this was once a third eye. Sometimes an opening persists on the side of the neck below the jaw; in such a case one of the embryonic neck clefts has remained open, and — this in turn has relations to the gill slits of a fish. All the — ground plan of our bodies, the muscle cylinder within the skin, — _ next the bony scaffolding, innermost the peritoneal sack around the viscera, all such relations would remain a mystery did we NEWS AND ITEMS. 107 study only the human body. . But in the light of comparative anatomy and embryology we recognize them as necessary parts of our heritage. Medicine must stand upon a thorough knowl- edge of the structure and processes of the human body, and before it can treat disorders it must understand states of health and their origin. Comparative anatomists and embryologists, ' the great men Harvey, Wolff, Von Baer, Cuvier, Agassiz, Hux- ley, Cope, and Gegenbaur, such men have not only broadened the field of human thought, but have also furnished the under- standing of the human organism. They were.all pure scientists, they did not have in mind the care and cure of the human body. Yet we might say they accomplished more for a rational. medi- cine than al! the physicians before them. How unlikely the prophecy seemed that any direct advantage would come to man- kind from the researches of Harvey, Wolff, and Von Baer on the development of the chick, from those of Cuvier and Agassiz on fossils, or from those of Huxley, Cope, and Gegenbaur on comparative anatomy. As the result of this change of thought we now see most medical schools prescribing biological courses, and choosing their professors of ahatcmy largely from the ranks of embryologists.— (Popular Science Monthly.) Tue IrHaca BANQuet.*—The sixth annual banquet of the Society of Comparative Medicine of the New York State Veteri- nary College at Cornell University was held at the Ithaca Hotel on the evening of February 26, 1909, and was pronounced by many to be the most successful affair ever gaa dont by the society. — Coyers were laid for one hundred members and their friends and while the course of the menu were being served an or- _chestra furnished music. After the sumptuous dinner had been _ served, J. V. Townsend, ’09, with a few well-chosen remarks _ welcomed the visitors to the banquet and introduced Dr. W. L. Williams as toastmaster for the evening. ; _ The following responded to toasts: Dr. Hollingworth, of Utica; Dr. Berns, of Brooklyn; Dr. Kerr, of Cornell Medical: College: Commissioner Pearson; and of the faculty, Drs. Udall, Taylor, Fish and Moore. Deserving of special notice was the toast of Dr. Holling- worth on “Optimism,” + in which his sound advice won the * Abstract from Banquet Report, New York State Veterinary ac ae + Will appear in the May number of REVIEW. 108 NEWS AND ITEMS. praise of every one present. The maxims he set forth in refer- ence to every-day honesty, and notably the attitude to be as- sumed in the home, of every practitioner, proved the character of the speaker. Dr. Berns, who had just finished a very interesting course of lectures at the College, demonstrated in his toast the value of the teacher to the practitioner. The banqueters were very enthusiastic over the interesting — and convincing manner in which Commissioner Pearson ex- plained ‘“ The Relation of Veterinary Science to Agriculture.” — His remarks tended to bring out the great need of the live stock — owner for men well trained in sanitary science. Letters were read from Dr. Ellis and Dr. Miller, both of — New York City. Among the visitors and alumni present were Dr. Clark, of Seneca Falls; Dr. Axtell, of Binghamton; Dr. Cady, of Buffalo; Dr. Wilder, of Akron; Dr. Kellogg, of Interlaken; and Drs. Kingsbury and Gage, of the Cornell Medical College. Following are the students comprising the Banquet Com- mittee : F, E. McClelland, ’09, Chairman; H. B. Risley, ’09, Ex- | Officio Member; J. V. Townsend, ’09; C. A. Roig, ’10; H. R. § Millard, ’11; F. S. Wood, ’o9; F. F. Koenig, ’o9; L. J. Ben- § son, 09; C. R. Fairchild, ’10; R. H. Mayberry, ’11. WESTERN CANADA NoteEs.—At last the Saskatchewan veteri- narians have an association with legal standing, this being au- ~ thorized by Bill No. 7 of the Saskatchewan legislature of 1908- — ’o9. The bill is much on the same lines as the bills legalizing ~ the associations of the lawyers and medical men. It provides the usual penalties for those not qualified who shall practise il- — legally. Several items stand out in this act which show its— modernity, (a) defining veterinary science, veterinary practice, and veterinary surgery as meaning, without restricting the gen-— eral meaning of such words, and including the performance of any surgical or dental operation upon animals, the diagnosis of © diseases of animals, and the prescribing or administering medi-— cines for the cure of the same or for hire, gain or hope of re-_ ward. The itinerant veterinary quack, so-called, dentist, will | thus be checked and his trail of damaged equine mouths and un- | sophisticated farmers’ depleted pockets rendered more faint until he will become as extinct as the dodo; (b) election of the coun- — NEWS AND ITEMS. 109 cil of seven is by ballot and no plumping permitted; (c) further the power to establish a veterinary college is not given, that prerogative being vested, as it should be, in the provincial uni- versity; (d) a reciprocity scheme is arranged for. by the new act between the various provinces. The registrar appointed pro tem. by the Lieutenant-Governor in Council is Dr. J. J. Murison, Arcola, Sask. It is expected that all the practitioners in the province will soon enroll. and form the nucleus of a live professional body. Dr. Chas. Head has returned to field work in Saskatchewan after three months’ work patrolling the Canadian line from To- ronto to Cornwall in connection with the foot-and-mouth out- break in the United States. Dr. Armstrong, Regina, has now a partner, Dr. Kemp, lately of Dubuc, Sask. J. E. Littlehales, V. S., late of the Health of Animals Branch, is practising in Regina. Married—On December 10, 1908, at the Methodist Parson- age, Moose Jaw, Sask., by the Rev. E. J. Chegwin, M. A., Edith A. Jones, eldest daughter of Geo. H. and Mrs. Sealy, Westhope, Sask., to Arthur G. Hopkins, B. Agr., D. V. M., in charge of Health of Animals Branch, Regina, Sask. ’ The Alberta Government’s meat commission has issued a report, one recommendation of the commissioners being that a packing house (abattoir) for hogs be not established by the Government until the farmers can guarantee 50,000 hogs per year. Not a high mark to set according to Chicago standards! The legislature of that province has set aside $50,000 against the likelihood of a packing house being called for. } The Horse Breeders’ Enrollment Act will be enforced firmly this season is the announcement of the Department of Agricul- _ ture at Regina. All owners of stallions must enroll their horses _ before being allowed to go to the stud and charge fees. | A new bulletin is entitled “Sheep Husbandry in Canada,” and may be obtained from the Live Stock Commissioner, Ot- tawa, Ont. The agricultural members of the legislature were successful in having the operations of castration, spay ing and dehorning exempt from the provisions of the Act to ee ora the veteri- nary profession in Saskatchewan. A movement is on foot to raise a ceotimmadial to Dr. Sweet- - apple, of Toronto. 110 NEWS AND ITEMS. Farm ANIMALS INCREASE.—The Crop Reporting Board of © _ the Bureau of Statistics of the United States Department of © Agriculture estimates, from reports of correspondents and agents of the bureau, the numbers and values of farm animals on farms — and ranges in the United States are as follows: Average price per Farm Animals. Number. head. Total value. | F10880S, 19QQ;. a es ces 20,640,000 $95.64 $1,974,052,000 — EAOTEES;. 1900: « 0 «os 19,922,000 93.41 1,867,530,000 © PVeTAge, 1S00-1907. 6. na ves OO.88 ae ee | PANO TOO oe ae 4,053,000 107.84 437,082,000 — Males, : 1908s. vies Sn 3 3,869,000 107.76 416,939,000 — Avetare, TS0N- 1007. oi ees 72:40. 5 oe yee ae Milch cows, I1909...... 21,720,000 32.36 702,945,000 Milch cows, 1908...... 21,194,000 30.67 650,057,000 — PVOLALC, 1Q0G-lO07 6. oe ke aes BOR or ess see Other cattle, 1909...... 49,379,000 17.49 863,754,000 — Other cattle, 1908...... 50,073,000 16.89 845,938,000 PMECACC, THOM LOOT ck ea ee 19.02 see meee, TOOG.. oe 6 as oe 56,084,000 3.43 192,632,000 een, 1900, 5. > sea. 2 54,031,000 3.88 211,736,000 — Pverage, TGQO-1Q07 626 = eo ee 8 | 2.02 a eee ie, TOO... as a 54,147,000 6.55 354,794,000 — wie, 1006.5 66 vee cee 56,084,000 6.05 339,030,000 yuverace, 1800-1007. cs a ca Sy ee Compared with January 1, 1908, the following changes are indicated: Horses have increased 648,000, mules increased 184,- 000, milch cows increased 526,000, other cattle decreased 694,- 000, sheep increased 1,453,000, swine decreased 1,937,000 In average value per head horses increased $2.23, mules in- creased 8c, milch cows increased $1.69, other cattle increased 6oc, sheep decreased 45c, swine increased 50¢. ‘In total value horses increased $106,522,000, mules increased — $20,143,000, milch cows increased $52,888,000, other cattle in- — creased $17,816,000, sheep decreased $19,104,000, swine in- creased $15,764,000. The total value of all animals enumerated above on January © I, 1909, was $4,525,259,000, as compared with $4,331,230,000 on January I, 1908, an increase of $194,029,000, or 4.5 fer cent. . VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION MEETINGS. 111 VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION MEETINGS. In the accompanying table the data given is reported by many Secretaries as being of great value to their Associations, and it is to be regretted that some neglect to inform us of the dates and places of their meetings. : SR: Secretaries are earnestly requested to see that their organizations are properly included in the following list : Name of Organization. Date of Next Meeting. Place of Meeting. Name and Address Secretary. American V. M. Ass’n............ Vet. Med. Ass’n of N. J.......... Connecticut V. M. Ass’n......... Maine Vet. Med. Ass’n ........... Central Canada V. Ass’n......... Michigan State V. M. Ass’n...... Alumni Ass’n, N. Y.-A. V.C..... Illinois State V. M. Ass’n......... Wisconsin Soc. Vet. Grad........ Illinois V. M. and Surg. A........ Vet. Ass’n of Manitoba.......... North Carolina V. M. Ass’n...... Ontario Vet. Ass’n.......... ef aes V. M. Ass’n, New York City...... Ohio State V. M. Ass’n........... Western Penn. V. M. Ass’n....... Missouri Vet. Med. Ass’n Genesee Valley V. M. ‘Iowa Veterinary Ass’n....... .... Minnesota State V. M. Pennsylvania State V. M.A...... Keystone V. M. Ass’n........... Colorado State V. M. Ass’n....... Missouri Valley V. Ass’n......... Rhode Island V. M. oreo eee thern Auxiliary of California Se en ASB Thies ceo cs cacws South Dakota V.M.A........... Nebraska V. M. Ass’n............ Kansas State V. M. Ass’n........ Ass’n Médécale Veterinare Fran- ee Laval. ie ccciacs ese. Province of Quebec V. M.A...... Kentucky V. M. Ass’n............ Washington State Col. V. M.A.. Indiana Veterinary Association... Louisiana State V. M. Ass’n..... ‘Twin City V. M. Ass’n............ Hamilton Co. (Ohio) V.A ‘Mississippi State V. M. Ass’n.... orgia State V. M.A............ . Vet. Alumni Univ. Penn..... Pel gh * pole L Vu fer ff Waa Supply Co. 15 E ' Amos! Popular Rypodermic Syringe with the Veterinary Medical Prolession, SUWTIN DRUG CO TVEeRAE AAT E JSD. "djqsuemysoA, Ul J99jIA Substantial in Construction. DIMENSIONS OF CAsE—6% inches in length, 2% inches wide, 2 inches deep, VETERINARY HYPODERMIC SYRINGE. In Morocco case, velvet lined, containing two straight needles, one-halfcurved needle for intra- venous injecticn, one trocar and canula, and twelve tubes for Hypodermic Tablets. Our Syringes are substantially made, especially for the use of Veterinary Sur- geons, with strong glass barrel of three drachms capacity, protected by fenestrated metal cylinder, with rings for thumb and fingers. : : = E By removal of the lower metal end, one or more tablets may be placed directly in the syringe —replacing cap and attaching needle, water can then be drawn in upon the tablets and solution effected by shaking the syringe. Our syringes are made with needles to attach either by slide or screw-thread. In ordering specify which is preferred. PEICS- OF YTS GNC CASD COMP IES, 5 ook ooo sas hv cco o'oed See a kha beso eeaw ick ee $5.00 BREUER TROPPO CECB eos a a oe ako sins kine ce Vans s oobi aan bidbanibeedec se 35 Extra Needles, curved.............-.0+: he Srp epee nen ie tals p pes epee or: 35 Bowie TD rOCar We Fane e oo is ili scan eck ccedss esd begcnveosttageueeeee eee % . 0 NotrE—Advance in metal and leather goods compels us to restore price on our Hypo Syringe and case to former price, $5.00. : BUNTIN DRUG CO’S VETERINARY BULB SYRINGE For administering Liquid Medicines to Horses and Cattle by the Mouth or Rectum Every Syringe has Firm Name Stamped on the Hard Rubber Pipe LENGTH 103% INCHES Consists of a substantial soft rubber bulb to which is attached a very strong. hardrubber pipe. In giving med- ‘ * = icine or food with this Syringe there is no danger of in- j jJuring the animal’s mouth or breaking the Syringe; any quantity, from a teaspoonful ; to two ounces may be given at one injection. i” BUNTIN DRUG CO., TERRE HAUTE, INDIANA Manufacturers of Veterinary Hypodermic Tablets and Hypodermic Syringes (Length 10% inches.) 3 Prices Bulb Syringes, 75c. each; per half doz., $4.00; per doz., $7.50. 7 BUNTIN DRUG COMPANY, ; 600 Wabash Avenue TERRE HAUTE, INDIANA. EIMER & AMEND, Agents, 205-211 Third Ave., New York. 16 EMERGENCY BAG INo. A. Best black grain leather, leather lined, with loops, straps and pockets. Flaps on wings for holding in- struments. Price, size8 x10x15..$8.00 Obst Ox 16... 8.50 Os Bie lOxt7 «9.00 Sterilizing Pans, each, Bere) | peeones HAUSSMANN Manufacturers 2nd Veterinary Instruments, Text Books, Etc. 392 SOUTH CLARK ST., CHICAGO, ILL. Write for Illustrated Catalogue - We quote from the latest report published on ANTIPERIOSTIN, A new therapeutic agent—a distinct chemical body, no secret combination—for the successful treatment of all exostoses and bursal enlargements, bony growths and galls, splint, spavin’; requiring only one application. : The experiences so far had with Antiperiostin can be summed up as follows: “The most gratifying objects for treatment with Antiperiostin are found next to galls (especially the usually so obstinate thoroughpin), in exostsoses, particularly those that are cir- cumscribed irrespective of size, age or seat, whether metacarpus, tarsus or maxilla. Antiperios- tin ought to appeal to the practitioner on account of its convenient form of application. It will pe be resorted to in all those cases where the patient for reasons of economy cannot be ept from work very long, or where the owner cannot be relied upon to carry out the other kinds of atte which are cumbersome and of long duration. That most constant feature, the quic Oh rege of lameness, will always assure the remedy many devotees. It is, of course, . essential that the application be performed strictly according to directions, and if at all possible, by the Veterinarian himself, after other necessary wre ek such as correcting shoeing, etc., have been givenattention. With this proviso there is a great futurein store for ANTIPERIOSTIN.” ERNST BISCHOFF & CO., 15 Cedar Street, - . - New York City. Continued on adv. page 19. 1 Results secured in both hospital and private practice have demonstrated to veterinarians that THE CURE OF COUGHS, BRONCHITIS, PNEUMONIA, LARYNGITIS, ETC. IN HORSES AND DOGS can be effected with greater certainty and promptness by the use of Glyco-Bernin (Smith) than by the employment of any other remedy extant. COUGHS.—Clyco-Heroin: (Smith). checks cough tainly, relieves obstruction of the breathing passages, liquefies the mucus, allays the pain, subdues nervousness, abates the fever and induces restful sleep. Relief is immediate and recovery is rapid. PNEUMONIA.—Glyco-Heroin (Smith) relieves the congestion, disperses en- gorgement, reduces the fever, sustains heart action, calms nervous excitement, renders respiration free and regular and shortens the duration of the disease. It conserves strength and forestalls the development of fatal complications. BRONCHITIS.— Glyco-Heroin (Smith) allays inflammation of the bronchial tubes, arrests the cough, begets free breathing, dispels fever, liquefies the bronchial secretions, restores the appetite, and prevents the disease from assuming the chronic form. _ LARYNGITIS.—Glyco-Heroin (Smith) relieves inflammation of the larynx and tenderness of the throat, abates the fever, allays the pain, checks the cough, promotes the appetite and induces quiet sleep. DOSE.—The dose for horses and cattle is one ounce every two or three hours. For dogs, ten drops to half-teaspoonful. PET ENLIST Ne ye ee SUBSTITUTION.—To insure entirely satisfactory results, it is vitally important that veterinarians emphasize name “Smith” when purchasing or prescribing Glyco- Heroin (Smith), for many worthless substitutes for the remedy are offered by unscrupulous dealers. LITERATURE.—Exhaustive clinical reports from the foremost hospitals and members of the veterinary profession will be sent, post paid, on request : MARTIN H. SMITH COMPANY, NEW YORK 2 AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW. MAY, 1QOO. EDITORIAL. EUROPEAN CHRONICLES. Paris, March 15, 1909. Quite some time ago, Prof. Coquot, of Alfort, read at one of the meetings of the Société Centralé here the relation of a successful experiment, that of a case of open tuberculosis with an ugly wound, abundant discharge, etc., etc., which he had made in using a new preparation called Ambril. The relation passed without attracting much attention; certainly, not as much as it deserved. Lately at the Société de Pathologie Comparée the use of ambril was again brought forward by a veterinarian, Mr. Le- pinay, who, after reviewing the advantages that can be expected from it in the treatment of wounds, such as hemostasis, easy and quick application, absence of suppuration and active leu- cocytosis, regular rapidity in the process of cicatrization, etc., etc., presented quite a long series of cases where he had obtained all that the discoverer of the application of the compound, Dr. Barthe de Sanford, had promised. It was the history of a cat, which had an enormous tumor of the neck, which was in such condition that death was consid- ered as unavoidable, after its being removed, and yet recovered with the simple application of ambril. It was that of a slut with ulcerated tumor of the mamme; that of a large mastiff dog which had a very deep wound of the posterior part of the thigh with fistulas, aponeurotic necrosis, 118 114 EDITORIAL, etc., and recovering in less than twelve-days; that of a dog with an enormous tumor of the left groin, where a large, deep wound remained. One application of ambril put the wound in good way for cicatrization. And many others, of no less wonderful aspect. Of course, ambril has been used also by others. With a few the results have not been quite as brilliant. And yet I hear that in veterinary practice it is demanded by a certain num- ber of practititioners. It has been experimented with in a number of the large humane hospitals in Paris, and out of 160 observa- tions recorded the results have been excellent in 92%. It is even said that it is used in the French army by official order of the Secretary of War. : Taking all these facts into careful consideration, it way not be without interest for our colleagues in America to know about it should it find its way across the Atlantic. But what is ambril? How is it used? What are its indica- tions ? * * *K In a pamphlet under the name of Contribution to Hyperther- mal Medication, the author, Dr. Barthe de Sanford, tells us. of the analgesic, resolutive and aseptic properties of all the keri- resins, to which ambril belongs, as an anhydrous mixture of wax and resin, and which is said to possess the following properties: Ist. Asepsy arfd sterility, as in its preparation a temperature of 130° C. is required; 2d. Considerable caloric capacity, which stimulates and promotes phagocytose, keeping hot after it is ap- plied for several hours; 3d. Slow loss of self heat, which allows a dressing to remain in place without being changed by keeping its temperature at 44° C.; 4th. Contractility, which allows an even and continued pressure of the surface it covers; 5th. Easy © manipulation; 6th. Rapid cicatrization; 7th. Suppleness of the cicatrical tissue; and 8th. Stoppage of the hemorrhage, except for large vessels, all of which are to-day essential in modern surgery. This keri-resin is kept in metallic tubes or pulverisa- — tors. which have to be placed in the water bath or heated in some EDITORIAL. 115 - other way so as to liquify the contents, and after a few minutes when it is melted it can be poured over the surface upon which one may desire to apply it, or again in using a coarse paint brush it is spread as indication requires. A simple dressing covers the parts, wadding and bandage. And in this way is realized an aseptic dressing with which all the properties announced are ob- tained. As to the indications for its application; they are quite numer- ous, perhaps too much so. Old, recent, superficial or deep wounds, diseased and fistulous withers or of poll-evil, wounds of the back, with saddle or harness, granular dermatitis, fistulas, scratches, bites, quittors, broken knees, etc. Those may be all right. But when we read that a good coat on the throat in case of laryngitis, or on abscesses to bring them to suppuration, or on a swollen leg, or in case of adenitis, etc., one may think of exaggeration, and yet, perhaps, with the latent heat that the ap- plication preserves so long, why should it not do as well or even better than the local application of hot poultices or warm com- presses ? | For the present this is all I have to say in relation to ambril, but I am promised more interesting facts. I will send them in due time. : ** x There has been published in the “ Monatshefte fur praktische Tierheilkunde,” by Dr. Erich Silbersiepe, of Berlin, a very com- : plete study on fractures of the first pastern in horses, in which the author arrives at the important conclusion that such injuries 2 ought to receive more attention as far as treating them, as in many instances the results are such that an animal may be able _ to render valuable services either for agriculture or breeding pur- poses and even in some cases for ordinary work. Doctor Silber- siepe has made numerous researches and gathered many obser- vations at the surgical clinics of the veterinary school of Berlin and presents as conclusions: 116 EDITORIAL. Ist. To the point of view of its structure the first pastern offers a special architecture, which has the most intimate rela- tions with its functions. The anatomical disposition of its com- pact tissue is under the direct influence of the impressions and efforts to which it is exposed. And it is likewise for the spongy substance, which has its meshes so much more closed together that they are nearer the compact tissue so as to increase the nat- ural resistance of the bone. 2d. Fractures of the pastern bone are relatively frequent in horses, more so in the anterior than the posterior legs, in the proportion of 3 to I. 3d. These fractures are due to external and to internal causes, resulting from some morbid states of the bony substance. They may also be due to some peculiarities in the structure proper of — the phalanx. 4th. To the point of view of their mode of production they — can be classified as: sagittal, segmental, horizontal, in splinters, mixed, comminuted. L 5th. As far as the process of recovery goes it includes im- portant modifications, even in the form of the bone and some characteristic transformations in its intimate structure, which al- low the fractured bone to recuperate its primitive functional in- tegrity. In other words, in the most absolute meaning of the word cured, a fractured pastern is one that can be cured, and the pessimist view entertained against it is a mistake. How can this radical cure be obtained? What is the best treatment of these fractures of the first pastern? Doctor Silbersiepe says: First of all, and when it is a recent fracture, one must overcome the more or less developed inflam- matory swelling which is seldom absent. That is done with © astringents and antiseptic compresses. In Berlin, dressings made with clay and vinegar is the classical indication. These are coy- ered immediately with a wadding padded boot, having two wood- — en or metallic splints running up to the knee or hock. The horse — is kept tied up to prevent him laying, and it is only after a few a = ee = EDITORIAL. 117 _ days that he is put in slings from which he will not be taken out _ until the fracture is consolidated, say, in average, two or three months. When the inflammatory swelling has subsided an im- movable bandage is applied, the plaster bandage. This will start from the heels of the shoe and runs upwards to the knee or hock. It will be thick, well padded, regular, but not too unnecessarily voluminous. Any kind of crutches, which are patronized indeed by Hoffmann, Korner, Bidz and others, are not to be recommend- ed, as patients generally object to them and expose the practi- tioner to failures due to motions or displacements of the frac- tured ends, resulting from imperfect immobilization. The band- age, having become defective after three or four weeks, must be taken off and a new one put imits place. This has to be done and it plays an important part in the final success. The final | removal demands great care and ought to be done not before two or three months when all crepitation and all abnormal mo- bility have disappeared. With the bandage off the animal is taken from the slings and put in a loose box with a thick bed of sawdust, leather shavings or the like. To promote the formation of the callus, Doctor Silbersiepe recommends the daily adminis- tration of phosphorated oil in doses of one or two table spoon- fuls mixed with the food, the oil being made of 0.50 centig. of _ phosphorus and almond oil 300 gramms. The result of this treat- “ment, however, is doubtful if the fracture is complicated, as “necrosis and arthritis are always possible. When lameness re- “mains after consolidation the author has recourse to neurotomy. 4. _ * The anatomical characters of Tuberculous Infection was late- “ly the subject of a lecture delivered by Prof. Arloing before the Société Médicale des Hopitaux at Lyons, in which he recalled ‘the fact that tuberculous infection is not always manifested, in mammalia, by macroscopic tubercles in the various viscerae. He has indeed observed, principally, that tuberculous bacilli in homo- _ geneous cultures, whose tuberculous nature was beyond doubt, does produce on the spleen, liver and lungs only microscopic 118 EDITORIAL. lesions, while on the peritoneum it gives rise to tubercles. Al- — ready in 1902, at the time of the discussion upon the identity of — the bovine and human tuberculosis, he had shown that with or- — dinary bovine and human bacilli atypic lesions could be obtained where tuberculous inflammation had failed either in the forma- tion of tubercle or the edification of the giant cells; also that lesions — without possible contest could escape macroscopic examination — and again that the infection must be looked for with the micro- — scope, when it is disseminated in the principal parenchymatous ~ organs. More recently, Prof. Arloing has studied the lesions — produced with weakened bacilli in animals. Introduced in rab- — bits by every door of admission, except the peritoneum, in> medium or very weak doses,-bovine and human homogeneous bacilli, produced as macroscopic lesions, only splenic hypertrophy. Constant lesions, often very minute, are observed with the micro- scope only in the liver and spleen, more seldom in the lungs and kidneys. In the liver they consist principally in gathering of embryonic intra or perilobular cells, sometimes isolating the hepatic septi but without clearly follicular formation, and some- times when the lesions are larger giant cells are found without the tubercles. In the spleen the changes are still less marked; they consist in a few epithelioid cells or a few giant cells here and there in the Malpiohian bodies or on their outside. In the peritoneum these cultures have given rise to epipleic tubercles. The lesions are somewhat similar in guinea pigs. Therefore, most commonly, visceral macroscopic lesions are not found, but only microscopic, which do not present the clinical aspect of tu- berculous lesions. With ruminants, no change or only extremely slight or doubtful altérations are observed. And yet all these ‘animals gave all the reactions, 1. e., oculo reaction, sero-agglu- tination of the tuberculous Bie ction From these very interesting facts, Prof. Arloing concludes: That tuberculous infection does not necessarily impose the ap- parition or presence of macroscopic lesions ; that it may alter the organs in their depth without leaving any appearance on thei surface; that it does not always give rise to the classical tuber- memes EDITORIAL. 119 culous follicle or even to the giant cells; that atypic microscopic lesions are produced by varieties of weakened bacilli; that those lesions are not characteristic of avian tuberculosis; and that tu- berculous infection, without noticeable anatomical alterations, may be accompanied by the detecting reactions of tuberculosis. Up to recently it has not always been an easy task to make the differential diagnosis between echinoccocci cysts and some special abdominal tumors. But continuing their investigations on the production of antibodies in organisms infected with helminthes, Mr. Weinberg and his assistants have succeeded in showing that the serum of animals affected with echinoccocci contains specific antibodies; then rendering the diagnosis simple and easy, providing fresh antigene was used. Their researches even went so far that a positive diagnosis was realized with this method, not only in sheep but also in camels. More recently, Mr. Weinberg has presented to the Société de Biologie a’ paper in which he has demonstrated that this method can also be ap- plied in the diagnosis of distomatosis and cysticercosis, that is, by the presence of antibodies. Here is the resumé of this com- munication: “Whatever may be the receptive value of each of the two methods of fixation of the complement and of the researches of _ the precipitines their simultaneous use has allowed the sero-diag- nosis of helminthiasis and assisted medical practitioners in es- _ tablishing their positive diagnosis. “This sero-diagnosis is specially precious in such disease as _echinoccoccosis, when eggs of the parasites are not in the feeces. We have endeavored to find out if the serum of animals affected “with cysticercosis did not also contain specific antibodies. Fre- quent in animals, this helminthiasis is rare in man. Yet a certain. number of cases of cysticercosis have been recorded, where the diagnosis was impossible to make with the ordinary clinical mani- festations. Pods: “Lately we obtained three cases of cysticercosis in sheep. _ The researches of the fixation of the complement has been made 120 EDITORIAL. with the liquid of cysticercus as antigene, a method similar to that used for echinococci. This liquid had been first filtrated on Berkefeld bougies. The reaction obtained has been of the clean- est and most evident. The serum of the normal sheep gave no reaction. “We then made similar experiments for the diagnosis of distomatosis. We obtained blood from the heart of eleven sheep whose liver was infected with fasciole hepatica and prepared the antigene with the parasites themselves, washing them thorough- ly, crushing them in a mortar, diluting in 30-40 C.C. of phy- siological water and centrifugating the whole for an hour. After sifting through a Chamberland or a Berkefeld, we obtained a clear liquid which can serve to the fixation of the complement as well as to the searching of the precipitines. “The eleven samples of serum have given a positive reaction by the method of fixation of the complement using anti-bovine hemolytic serum. In eight cases abundant deposit was obtained by mixing the serum with the liquid from the crushed distomas. To ascertain the presence of specific antibodies in the serum of animals, distoma carriers, has not the same importance as for echinoccoccus. These parasites are found exceptionally any- where else but the liver; their diagnosis can then be made by looking for the eggs in faeces. Yet these experiments show that distomas do secrete toxic substances and that their absorption pro- motes in sheep the formation of specific antibodies.”’ It is a well-known fact that in many instances the diagnosi of transmissible diseases becomes easy in man if, in his sur- roundings, there is an animal affected with the contagious dis- ease present—a convincing evidence that human medicine often takes advantage of what information veterinary medicine can offer. But, from the fact that because there is in a house a sick person and an animal, living ordinarily around him or her, such as a dog or cat, and that both present analogous symptoms, it does not necessarily follow that they both have the same disease nor that the animal has transmitted the trouble to the person. ee a) = ve ‘ 24. a eh ae: EDITORIAL, ; 121 This is, however, of common occurrence, says Prof. Hebrant, and he has for the past two years studied this interesting ques- tion of the transmissibility of animal diseases to man. He in- tends to publish soon the result of his investigations, but for the present wants to establish the fact that there are some diseases of animals transmissible to man, such as sarcoptic mange, trans- mitted from dogs or cats, and which presents important differ- ential characters, which permit a distinction between this acariasis in man and that of true scabies, and in the Annales de Médecine Vétérinaire of Bruxelles, the professor and his assistant, Mr. Antoine, give a comparative description of the disease in both species. In small animals sarcoptic mange is more frequent than is generally supposed. Easily recognized in cats, it is more difficult to diagnose in dogs where it is often mistaken for chronic eczema. The diagnosis*is based on the contagious nature of the disease, and the presence under the microscope of the parasites or its eggs, which must be looked for in the crusts or scruffs after soak- ing in a potash solution. The characters belonging to the dis- ease are the seat and nature of the lesions, the great itching they give rise to, its contagious nature and its easily obtained recov- ery when the treatment is strictly antisporic, all of which are well known. A special symptom not to be overlooked, however, and which is of great importance is the peculiar odor of mice, sui generis, given off by the diseased dog. The contagious nature must not be overlooked. Sarcoptic mange is communicated very easily, not only from one animal, dog or cat, to others, but also to people who live with him, And when it does affect human beings the affection is very different from the ordinary mange or scabies. As in being consulted for a case of sarcoptic mange in a small animal, a veterinarian may suspect it being transmitted to its owner, he may recognize it by the following: It is on the arms, forearms, abdomen, inner face of the thighs and in the folds of these regions that the lesions are found, the interdigital spaces are always free from them. The lesions con- B ipo a, EDITORIAL, Sist in small spots, looking like flea bites, which are replaced the next day by a small pimple. ‘This is the seat of violent itching. The pimples get bigger and the trouble looks like urticaria. The scratching is accompanied with great eruption. The pimples last for several days without spreading or getting more numer- ous. On the contrary, they often pass away without treatment. The simple washing of the hand with soap and water is sufficient to remove all trouble without resorting to any drug. One can readily observe the great difference that exists between this sar- coptic mange and the ordinary scabies, which characterized by its peculiar pathognomonic lesions, its pruitis and the severe treat- ment that it requires. There cannot be any comparison between it and the sarcoptic acariasis of the dog propagated to man. * * * To the Committee on Publication of the American Vet- erinary Medical Association, I am happy to send my hearty com- pliments! Had the proceedings of the forty-fifth annual meet- ing reached me a few days earlier I could have noticed them last month. As it is, the issue has been nearly four months ahead of what it used to be and it is a wonderful progress! By this early publication facts that have occurred at the last gathering in Phila- delphia are not yet entirely passed away from the minds of the many that were present and the interest has not entirely van- ished. The proceedings for 1908 form a volume of less importance, as far as size goes at least, when compared with that of 1907. It nevertheless contains matters of great importance and as much value. Of course, the various addresses of welcome are at the head of the work, followed immediately by brief records of each session in each day of the congress, and concluding with the elec- tion of the new officers, President Rutherford, with the vice- presidents, secretary, treasurer, etc. Papers of great magnitude are not so many, but those that are published will be read with pleasure and interest. There can- not be any doubt that the reports of some of the committees will ee es a ee EDITORIAL, 123 be examined over with better opportunities to judge of their value. The report of the Committee on Diseases, with the papers of Director V. A. Moore, of Dr. J. R. Mohler, of O. E. Dyson and H. J. Milks; the report of the Committee on Intelligence and Education by Chairman Prof. Leonard Pearson, with the discus- sion following by Drs. Tait Butler, W. Horace Hoskins, Baker and Mayo. The report was enlarged by the addition of an ex- haustive paper by Dr. D. Arthur Hughes which covers no less than 32 pages of this volume. These form the solid parts of the work of the important committees of the association. Those of the Executive Committee, of that on Legislation, on Necrology, etc., etc., follow. The long list of reports being com- pleted by that of the resident secretaries and that of the Asso- ciation of Veterinary Faculties and Examining Boards. The bal- ance of the proceedings is made with the publication of the papers and discussions, headed by the address delivered by the Impe- tial German Special Commissioner for Agriculture, Mr. Nikola Kaumanns. The record of the clinic is also very good. % * ** After this rapid glance at the good work performed during the four days that the meeting lasted, which certainly scarcely does justice to it, may I be permitted to make a few remarks and advance suggestions, not to criticise, but merely as I would have done had it been my good fortune to be present at Philadelphia. I must confess that, when I received the ‘“ Proceedings,” I looked at once for the report of the Committee on Intelligence and Education. I had seen published in our pages the reply of Dr. Tait Butler and I wanted to see what had been the argu- ments presented by Dr. Pearson. And now that I have read both -_ and also those of the other gentlemen who took part in the dis- cussion, I must say that while accepting some of the points pre- sented and discussed by both parties I think that some can also be rejected. But that after all, if as it must be, the fact of the action of the Secretary of Agriculture in relation to veterinary 124 EDITORIAL. education is accepted, as it has been by the association in fact, we must look upon it as one step which one day or another had to be taken. It is a recognition of the importance of our pro- fession, it is the first step in the ladder which we must hope will help to raise it to its proper standard. Let us also hope that it will not stop there, and that Secretary Wilson or his successors will continue and still improve! Of course there are objections. Of course there are opportunities for errors, for mistakes, and room for better actions, etc., etc. But the move is started. The profession has received an OFFICIAL stamp of higher importance than it has ever had before. I do not know if the secretary will keep at his disposal the gentlemen of his original committee, but let us hope that he will surround himself with men who will look strictly after educa- tional improvements above all, without any other objects in view than those of the GENERALITY! It is certain that the minimum of education for matriculation, mentioned in the circular, and of which so little has been said in Dr. Pearson’s report and in the discussion, cannot be allowed so ridiculously low as it is. It must and shall be raised. It is probable that the curriculum of the schools, the duration of the studies, will have to be modi- fied. But what has surprised me the most is the peculiar part relating to the appointment of the professors. Is it not strange, that while strengthening his position for the right of. naming to professorship, graduates of a one school returning from a EUROPEAN POST-GRADUATE EDUCATION, and while objecting to the nomination of a recent graduate to a professorship, both of which are right, Doctors Pearson and Butler have not ap- proached the only true and correct way to select a professor, viz., THE COMPETITION ? For one, I hope this step will settle ee question one day! * * Among other communications I have had this month, I take pleasure to announce: The Journal of Agriculture of the Cape © of Good Hope, which contains its generally useful information ie a EDITORIAL. 125 and with them an article by Walter Jowett, F. R. C. V. S., on “ Epizootic Pneumo-pericarditis in Turkeys,’ and one from H. Watkins Pitchford, F. R. C. V. S., on “ Horse Sickness and Its Prevention.” I have four Bulletins from the University of W1s- consin Agricultural Experiment Station, which contain from the pen of Dr. A. S. Alexander, an immense amount of most valuable information on the horse-breeding of the state with the laws relating to it. And then several little circulars from the B. A. I., and as i close this, the law establishing a veterinary board of examiners in Louisiana, for which Dr. J. A. Godwin tells me the ex-president of the A. V. M. A., Dr. Dalrymple, is the author. Good for Louisiana! ; A. LL, REMOVAL OF Foot-Anp-MoutH DIsEASE QUARANTINE.— The Secretary of Agriculture has issued an order, effective April 24, releasing entirely the quarantine for foot-and-mouth dis- ease, as he is satisfied that the disease has been completely eradi- cated from the United States. More than a million persons visited the Museum of Natural History, New York City, during the year 1908, which, in large part, was due to exceptional interest in the international tubercu- losis exhibition. ‘Steps are now being taken to make a special exhibition of the life and habits of the smaller organisms in rela- tion to health and disease. Heroism DispLayvED By House Cat.—Firenien hard at work trying in vain to save two frame houses from destruction in Corona Heights, Corona, L. I., actually stopped their efforts to quell the flames for a few minutes to witness an act of heroism performed by an ordinary house cat. Five times she rushed into the cellar of the burning two-story house at No. 10 Fairview ave- nue, and each time returned to the grass in front of the house and tenderly deposited a kitten she had carried out in her teeth. The kittens were scarcely more than a week old, and mother and all were gathered up by a neighbor, who assured the owners that they would have the best of care in her kitchen until their former house was rebuilt by the owner.—(N. Y. Evening Tele- gram, April 9, 1909.) ORIGINAL ARTICLES. HEREDITARY OR TRANSMISSIBLE DISEASES IN HORSES. * By Dr. C. J. MaArsSHALL, PRESIDENT PENNSYLVANIA STATE VETERINARY MeEpIcAL ASSOCIATION. Certain defects in animals are known to be transmissible while others are so considered for the want of a better explana- tion. Tuberculosis. was believed to be hereditary for centuries, but the searchlight of modern science has shown that this factor plays an insignificant part. The future will reveal the true cause of other diseases. Governments and a number of states have adopted stallion registration laws for the purpose of improving type and sound- ness and to assist and encourage the breeding of better horses. In most cases the law attempts to prevent the use of horses that are off type or have hereditary or transmissible unsoundness or are afflicted with contagious or infectious diseases. Very few authorities state definitely what such defects are. Veterinarians often experience difficulty in passing judgment upon stallions for which licenses are requested and are frequently criticised for condemning or passing them as serviceably sound for the stud. At horse shows and fairs similar questions arise. Some may be afraid to exhibit valuable sires for fear that an unknown or abnormal condition might, unjustly, be considered hereditary and thereby ruin the reputation of the horse. For these reasons veterinarians should have decided opinions in reference to the most common defects and work uniformly, as much as possible, in passing judgment on horses for breeding or show purposes. In order to collect evidence on this subject a circular letter was sent to about sixty well-known breeders and the same num- *Read before the Annual Meeting at Philadelphia, March 2-3, 1909. 126 HEREDITARY OR TRANSMISSIBLE DISEASES IN HORSES, 127 ber of veterinarians who have had experience in breeding. Their Opinion was asked in reference to the following defects which are commonly believed to be hereditary: Vicious habits, blind- ness, roaring, emphyseme, spavin, curb, ringbone, sidebone, navicular disease, osteoporosis, deafness, stenosis, light bone, contracted feet, faulty attitude of limbs, low back, weak coup- ling, cryptorchidism, springhalt, shivers and crampiness. In looking over this list many defects will be seen that may be produced by accident. While it is not difficult for a person of experience to recognize some of them it is sometimes im- possible to discover the true cause. The subject of heredity is very complicated and it is not to be expected that the present generation will be able to solve all its mysteries. Many horses are sound from a breeding point of view that are not even serviceably sound for saddle or har- ness purposes. Conditions that are caused by accidents, over- work, bad care, and some acute diseases should not ordinarily condemn animals for breeding purposes yet they may render them practically worthless for work. Let us review the etiology of the listed abnormal conditions and see what part heredity plays in producing them. Vicious habits cover such defects as kicking, biting, running away, cribbing, weaving, balking, etc. Most authorities agree that traits of character are transmitted, yet it is known that in a large majority of cases such defects are due to bad handling and with proper treatment many horses with decidedly vicious habits will become the most amiable. Nature has apparently done her part well, yet man’s ignorance has made it appear a failure. Several breeders as well as veterinarians have seen cases where such habits were transmitted and consequently believe that they should receive serious consideration from a breeder’s point of view. Dr. John V. Newton cites the case of ‘ Marcus Claudius,” a draft stallion that he owned. This horse had a mean disposition and 50 per cent. of his get were affected in the same way. | 128 Cc. J. MARSHALL, From the evidence collected it would appear that horses vicious by nature should be excluded. In reference to blindness, two forms are questionable, viz., periodic ophthalmia and cataract. ‘These diseases are much more prevalent in some sections of country than in others. A few breeders, as well as a number of the leading veterinarians, ex- pressed positive opinions in reference to their being hereditary. In the Report of the Veterinary Examinations of Stallions by the Department of Agriculture, in Australia, cataract is listed as an hereditary unsoundness. In the human family cataract of childhood is looked upon as congenital, while cataracts that de- velop after maturity are not so considered. Periodic ophthalmia is not seen in the human family and it is practically the only recognized cause for cataract in horses. In the great majority of cases periodic ophthalmia develops only after maturity. Congenital cataract has been known in foals. Some of our text books and many of the most thorough in- vestigators consider periodic ophthalmia as infectious and cite a number of interesting cases as proof. It would appear that there is more reason at present for excluding sires or dams af- flicted with this disease on account of its infectious nature than from an hereditary point of view. Roaring and broken wind are listed as hereditary by English and Australian authorities. None of the correspondents reported a case where the trouble was believed to have been transmitted. Dr. George White, of Nashville, Tenn., reports one sire and twenty-five dams that he has known to be roarers, but men- tions none of their get that were affected with bad wind, yet he believes the disease to be transmissible under some conditions. Prince Charley was condemned for the stud in England, but was purchased and brought to Kentucky by Mr. Daniel A. Swi- gert. He sired two crops of colts, but none of them had bad wind so far as is known. Among his get can be mentioned the well-known Salvator. Some.of his get have also made good sires and transmitted his good qualities, but no roarers. HEREDITARY OR TRANSMISSIBLE DISEASES IN HORSES, 129 Ormande is another example of a horse rejected by England for roaring. None of his get, in either the Argentine or this country, have been reported as affected in the wind and a number of them are well known. Roaring is found in all breeds and all families of horses. Many of the best draft stallions have been condemned on account of roaring. Some have developed this condition after being imported at great expense and were rejected from the stud for this reason. It is known that the disease often follows influenza, strangles, pneumonia, etc., and it also develops from unknown and mysterious causes. Experience would indicate that horses should not be excluded from breeding on account of roaring alone, in the absence of a history of roaring among the immediate ancestors, especially if the conformation of the neck and throat are good. Though extreme caution should be exercised in the use of stallions so reported. There is no clear recorded evidence for rejecting for breed- ing animals afflicted with heaves or emphysema. Spavin was described by the oldest writers on the subject of veterinary medicine and the subject has received almost con- _ stant attention for hundreds of years. Many causes and theories _ have been advanced. They have been classified in various ways _ by different authors according to supposed causes and the path- _ ological changes observed. At the present time a spavin is con- : sidered as a chronic inflammation of the hock joint. Moller _ justly says that it is a collective, clinical term covering a number - of extremely diversified anatomical changes in the hock. We “recognize bog and bone spavins. Bog spavins are soft, painless enlargements seen on the inner, outer, and anterior faces of the hock. They are the result of an excessive distension of the capsule of the hock joint with synovia. The contents of the en- largement may be forced from one point to another by pressure. The condition is sometimes called thoroughpin. It seldom causes lameness except when in the period of formation or after hard Bawa ah 130 Cc. J. MARSHALL, work in cases of excessive distension. It may be seen in young as well as old horses. | Bone spavin usually appears as a hard, bony enlargement on the internal face of the hock. It may show on the posterior face where a curb develops. There may be heat, tenderness and lameness or the enlargement may be seen with none of the other symptoms present. In some of the most obstinate forms of spavin there may be intense lameness and no apparent en- largement. It may be observed in horses with hocks of excellent apparent or superficial conformation. For this reason spavin is often difficult to diagnose. Bad conformation is one of the most common predisposing causes of spavin and such conformation is unquestionably heredi- tary. The conformation in which spavins are most often found is the narrow hock, too much cut out under the hock, sickle hocks, too wide conformation, and in which the horse stands too far back with the hind feet. Defective hocks should be considered among the worst faults in a horse. Weak hocks, curbs, and spavins have often been observed in whole families. For these reasons the hock should receive the most careful consideration in an examination of horses for any purpose. Sires or dams with weak hocks, and especially so if they show curbs or spavins and families.in which this fault exists, should be rigidly excluded from the breeding ranks. In those cases in which curbs or spavins develop at an early age before the horse is put to hard work, breeding should not be permitted. Yet it does not seem just to establish a law that would exclude from breeding all horses that have spavins or curbs. When such unsoundness are developed after maturity — and especially if it can be shown that the conditions are due to injury or excessive strain and that the animals are from good | families, are of the proper type and have good conformation — they should not be condemned. HEREDITARY OR TRANSMISSIBLE DISEASES IN HORSES. ToL Of 813 stallions examined by the Australian Commission 17 were rejected for bone spavin, 5 for bog spavin and 11 for curbs. In the number examined 358 were draft horses and 270 light driving horses. Of the draft horses 3 were rejected for bone spavin, one for bog spavin and none for curbs. Of the driving horses 13 were rejected for bone spavin, 4 for big spavin and 6 for curbs. It does not state whether any consideration was given to conformation or age. It is presumed that they were rejected for these faults regardless of cause. When considering the subject of ringbones many reasons will be observed why horses affiicted with them should not: be con- demned indiscriminately. Ringbones may be caused by faulty shoeing, strains, or traumatisms, and, if so, the horse having them should not be excluded, especially where the animal has good conformation and other desirable qualities. Ringbones, as spavins, are looked upon as serious defects and like them may be due to a faulty conformation, and in this case the horse should be condemned. Long, thin pasterns, or very short, stiff, upright pasterns, and the base wide, base narrow, two wide and two narrow conformations are defects that pre- dispose to ringbone, and conformation of this type is pretty sure to be transmitted. Horses with such faults should be excluded whether ringbones are present or not. Horses that have de- veloped ringbones before reaching maturity or before hard work has been done should also be rejected. : Of the stallions examined for a license in Australia 8 of 358 draft horses and 3 of 270 light driving horses were con- demned for this reason. Sidebones are conditions in which the lateral cartilages ot the foot become ossified either partially or completely. Heavy, coarse-bred horses are especially predisposed to develop them. They are seldom seen on the hind feet. The left front foot is more often affected than the right and the inside cartilage less often than the outside one. : 182 Cc. J. MARSHALL. Lungwitz, who examined 1,251 horses, found 144 of them affected with sidebones as follows: | Of 08 Belgian cart horses..........-+- 68 had sidebones. Of 120 Danish carriage horses.......... 25.-* fe Of 388 Heavy riding horses............ 4G Of 132 Other heavy riding horses....... of " ee 133 Light ridine horses...... <.so5e4 S * s Of 140 Riding horses of all sizes........ Rec Noa se er 200 Military horses ........ << 7s Sea 8 far 6 40 Officers horses... .. . se cea di 1,251 144 Of the 813 stallions examined by the Australian Commission 80 were rejected on account of sidebones as follows: Of 358 Drait horses ..... cic guawey eens 77 had sidebones. Of 270. Light horses . ..5 0020 oe ee ee $ te 185. Ponies... ..... -4 eee ro as Ss 813 Ro In answer to my circular letter, two correspondents would and eight would not reject horses afflicted with sidebones. The Australian Commission has observed the transmission of side- bones from sire to sons and from son to grandsons. In one case they examined twelve stallions from one sire and eleven of them were condemned for this defect. One of the best arguments in favor of the transmission of sidebones is the fact that in some whole families of heavy draft horses none are found. When veterinary inspection was adopted by the Royal Shire Horse Society it was found that 33 per cent. of the show horses had sidebones. ‘They were found more common in the coarse Shire type than in the cleaner-boned Clydesdale. There seems to be the greatest diversity of opinion among veterinarians in reference to sidebones. Some, and among them Dr. George H. Berns, look upon them as very trivial defects, and HEREDITARY OR TRANSMISSIBLE DISEASES IN HORSES, 133 from observations made for many years on draft horses especial- ly believes that a horse is but very slightly more liable to go lame with sidebones than without them. While according to others a horse is as liable to work sound on city pavements with ring- bone as with sidebone. Moller recognizes three principal causes. The first is a con- genital predisposition in heavy, coarse-bred horses; the second is excessive concussion produced by work or hard roads; the third is due to shoeing with calks, by which the frog is prevent- ed from taking any bearing on the ground and the lateral car- tilages are subjected to a continuous, downward strain. Horses with sidebones cannot be passed as sound for hard work on the city pavements. They are not infrequently seen on green draft horses fresh from the country. While we must admit that many horses with sidebones are serviceably sound yet a large percentage of them will go lame as a direct result of this defect or from secondary diseases of the hoof coming there- from. It would appear that we are justified in condemning stal- lions for breeding purposes when sidebones develop before they shave been shod or have done heavy work on hard roads. Very few of my correspondents expressed positive opinions in reference to the transmissibility of navicular disease. Dr. Edgar Powel mentions a mare that he owned and used for breed- ‘ing purposes that he believed to have had this disease for twelve. -years. The diagnosis was not confirmed by post-mortem ex- ‘amination. She was bred to a thoroughbred stallion once and four times to a hackney. Most of the colts were unusually good. Two at least were show horses. All of them developed into sound saddle and harness horses, worked hard, and none of them ever showed a symptom of navicular disease. On the other hand, equally convincing cases that showed a hereditary tendency were | cited by other veterinarians. It may require months to make a positive diagnosis of navicular disease and it is then best com- pleted by an autopsy. The condition is practically incurable, and in advanced cases neurectomy is the only means by which the -animal’s usefulness may be prolonged. os aad 134 Cc. J: MARSHALL, Cadiot reports that out of 403 horses brought to the Alfort | clinic from 1896 to 1897, 106 were suffering with different af- fections of the feet and navicular disease was diagnosed in six. Probably about one per cent. of a veterinarian’s practice will be navicular disease. Contracted sole may show practically the same symptoms. and is often associated with it. Contracted sole is curable in uncomplicated cases and the animal can be restored to soundness. The Australian law does not list navicular dis- ease as transmissible. It is most often seen in well-bred horses; in draft horses seldom, and it appears usually in the front feet and most often in horses with deep, steep, contracted heels, yet it is often seen in feet of the best conformation and has been found in the hind feet. The causes mentioned by Moller are heredity, traumatisms and metastases. As metastatic causes, diarrhoea, various general infections as strangles have been suspected. Direct violent trau- matisms may play a small part in the production of the disease, but the usual cause is the traumatism of wear; the pounding and strain of work. . The pathology of the disease is fairly well understood, but as to cause, prevention and treatment there is still much to be learned. It would appear just to condemn, for breeding purposes, horses afflicted with this disease where it has developed from small cause, where it is of long standing and both feet are ef- fected. Osteoporosis is one of the listed hereditary unsoundnesses in the Australian law. From observations made in this country it could not be so considered. Many cases sent to the country re- cover and so far as could be learned no outbreaks have occurred in sections to which such cases have been sent. Several bad cases of big head in fillies were sent to Mr. Henry Fairfax in Virginia from near Philadelphia. All made a Se HEREDITARY OR TRANSMISSIBLE DISEASES IN HORSES, 135 complete recovery by the time they were five years old. They were regularly bred and the disease never apne in their colts on the farm. - If osteoporosis is due to infection or: malnutrition as many investigators believe at present, there is no reason for consider- ing it hereditary. The evidence is, however, strong in favor of the theory of infection, and warrants breeders in isolating or destroying well marked cases. : The following quotations from an article written by M. 7 Basset, of the Alfort School, and printed last year in the Recueil de Medecine Veterinaire on the subject of “ Osteomalacia”’ is as follows: ‘‘ Osteomalacia is common in man, horse, ox, goat, sheep, swine, dog, rabbit and rat. The disease is known by various names which change with investigators according to the way that the symptoms and al- terations strike their fancy. The term “ osteoporosis ”’ implies that after macerating and drying the bone is porous and light. “ Osteomalacia ” implies fragility of the bones or that they break easily. ‘‘ Osseous cachexia” is a state of profound misery in which the patient is not able to take the necessary amount of nourishment. In swine it is known as gout or foot disease. _ “ Sniffles”” is a term often applied to it in swine when the nasal Cavities are restricted by the increased thickness of the vomer and the other bones of the head which restrict the air passes and cause loud breathing. In horses it is sometimes called ‘‘ Bran Disease,” ae it develops often in Switzerland and Germany in millers’ horses which are fed freely on bran. | We prefer the term “ osteomalacia,” because the partial or total softening of all the bones of the body described by the first observer is always present. We believe that it is logical to re- serve this ancient designation until the true cause of the disease is discovered and it can be given a more precise and suitable name. ee : ) The list of predisposing causes is rather long. One finds, as in all infectious diseases, circumstances for diminishing the re- 136 Cc. J. MARSHATI, sistance of the organism. The determinate cause of osteomalacia _is still unknown. The solution of the problem should appear — soon for the reason that Mousau has reproduced the disease ex- perimentally in swine and goats. Mousau and Charrin have re- produced it in a rabbit. This was done, says Mousau, either by cohabitation with an affected animal or by the subcutaneous in- oculation of the bone marrow during the beginning or the active | period of the disease. In a preliminary communication to the Academy of Medi- cine of Turin, February 2, 1906, Morpugo gave the results of © numerous experiments on young and adult white rats. In these experiments, which were begun in 1899 and partially reported in diverse publications, the author produced the disease at will, either by cohabitation or by the inoculation of germs supposed | to be diplococci isolated from subjects that were affected with — the disease. Observations are numerous which indicate clearly the infectious nature of osteomalacia. In 1874 Paul Bouley summed up the many observations on the subject of osteomalacia in man and domestic animals. He wrote, at that time, that the only therapeutic proceedings that had rendered service was emigration from the place where the disease developed or removing the animal to a richer locality. It is now known that the richness ‘of the soil has nothing to do with curing the disease. Captain Robertson, in an article on “Osteoporosis” in the Veterinary Record, says in reference to affected horses that they recover by simply removing them from the infected district without even changing the food. No treat- ment is effectual except a complete change of location. He cites a village where it was proven that the disease was imported by a race horse. Pecaud cites a similar case. At one time the dis- ease was recognized only in the state of Dape Cau, Indo-China. — The affiicted animals were sent to Sontay where they improved or recovered. For the past three years Sontay has been badly afflicted with the disease. : a HEREDITARY OR TRANSMISSIBLE DISEASES IN HORSES, 137 In regions where the disease is epidemic it has been attributed to the soil, climate, etc. At times droughts or too much humidity may play a part, yet the disease is not found alone under these conditions. ; No information was received on the subject of deafness. The following is an interesting instance of inherited unsound- ness : The black mare, “‘ Ebony Belle,’ made a few sensational appearances in the show ring. She developed suddenly a severe lameness in the near hind leg at the Philadelphia show. The condition was considered as a light attack of azoturia. She re- covered fully in a few minutes, but developed the same condition in her next show appearance which was at the Garden the fol- lowing fall. Again the veterinarians diagnosed azoturia and horsemen called it “kidney shot.” She was retired from the show ring, but would develop the same peculiar lameness when- ever she was exercised. She was bred two years and not driven or ridden during the time. She had two foals which developed the same character of lameness soon after being broken. The writer suspected stenosis of the external iliac artery in the dam and by a rectal examination verified the diagnosis. She was then destroyed. The diagnosis of stenosis in the case of the foals was made by the history alone. It would appear that the trouble in them was plainly due to hereditary cause. Lightbone, faulty attitude of limbs, low back and weak coup- ling are faults of conformation. There can be no question but that defects of this character can be transmitted. Breeders should not use such animals. Stallions with these defects should be classed as nondescript specimens and those that do not pos- sess true race characteristics, are off type, etc., should be pre- vented by law from service in the stud. Contracted feet may be the result of bad care or improper shoeing and if so would not be transmissible. Where it is known to be a faulty characteristic or a congenital defect it is looked upon as transmissible. 138 Cc. J. MARSHALL, Cryptorchids and monorchids are usually spoken of as ridg- lings. There is difference of opinions among breeders in refer- ence to this condition being transmitted. The operation of geld- ing them is not well understood by the average castrator and fatalities are more common than in the normal operation. For this reason breeders should consider the advisability of using ridglings. The true cause and pathology of stringhalt, shivers and crampiness are not known. Stringhalt is sometimes seen with spavin or a defective hock and if so should be rejected. No cases were reported where sires or dams with these defects were bred. and no opinions were given in reference to their transmissi- bility. It is hoped that the subject of hereditary diseases will receive more united study in the future. This question should interest breeders and veterinarians. Our profession will be called upon in the future more than in the past to give opinions in reference to it. Stallion registration laws are beginning to be recognized as necessary and wherever they have been intelligently enforced there is a marked improvement in the type and character of horses. | A nondescript brood mare can do but little damage com- pared to the harm that such a stallion may cause in a breeding district. The ideal horse should be free from defects of all kinds, but great injury or injustice would result to the breeding in- dustry if only such perfect animals were allowed to breed for - the reason that there are so few perfect animals. To know how far one can safely go in overlooking defects is a difficult ques- tion. If we had true statistics on all that might be known in reference to the subject we would be. better prepared to make iaws and regulations for the future. We should attempt in all possible ways to collect true facts on this important subject. In the meantime, laws disqualifying horses from breeding on account of unsoundness should be conservatively drawn. The following is the Pennsylvania statute of 1907 on this subject: HEREDITARY OR TRANSMISSIBLE DISEASES IN HORSES, 139 Stallions afflicted with hereditary, contagious or transmissible tmsoundness or disease may be refused license by the State Live Stock Sanitary Board; and when license is so refused the said stallion shall not be used for public service for profit or gain in this state, provided, however, that a license may be refused under this section only when it is certified to the Board by the State Veterinarian that the stallion in question is afflicted with an hereditary, contagious or transmissible unsoundness or disease of such a nature, or that the abnormal condition is accompanied by such a defect or conformation, as to render it probable that the progeny of the said stallion will be especially liable to said unsoundness or disease. Blemishes and deformities due to ac- cidents shall not be regarded as unsoundness within the mean- ing of this act. DISCUSSION. Dr. Radley—In your opinion, do you think a stallion would be refused registration because of heart disease, and should he transmit roaring to his progeny? | | President—There are a great many good horses who have been bred from horses who are roarers. The heart trouble may be transmissible. I should not consider it so unless it were due » to congenital cause or due to accident as from influenza. I do not think it would be permissible. | Dr. Harger—I think that horse should be condemned by all means. I would condemn it for roaring. The condition of the heart might be acquired over which the animal had no control whatever. They may have hypertrophy from infectious disease. Dr. Radley—Do you think the roaring would come from a hypertrophy because of nerve connection, the recurrent nerve? Dr. Harger—The same infection that gave the horse a hyper- trophy of the heart might have caused the roaring. The con- dition Dr. Marshall spoke of of a horse brought into this coun- try, condemned in England because of roaring, and recovering in this country and producing good get. It is a question whether they were justified in condemning him. A number of horses 140 , C. J. MARSHALTI, have been brought from England who were not able to race in England, but raced well in this country. I do not believe that — was real roaring. I mean due to paralysis of the recurrent nerve. If he has roaring in England he is a roarer in America. We might explain this by saying it might have been a natural weak- ness of the muscles of the larynx which caused a slight tickling — because of the damp moist climate in England. No disease, just — a condition in which the muscles were not quite as strong. That — _ differs just enough with a damp, foggy air; in this country where ~ the air was dryer, less moisture, larger percentage of oxygen, ~ the muscles were powerful enough to dilate the air vessels to admit air enough and prevent roaring. There would be no legiti- mate argument in that case of producing a roaring get. Dr. Rectenwald—I would like to ask Dr. Marshall did he ~ ever see a roarer that had neither hypertrophy, but had tumor in mediastinum? I had a case of that kind. The man had a horse of jet black, fine animal, weighed probably 1,500. The horse did not show any sign. All at once he commenced to roar. I could not find any trace, the temperature did not rise any. I invented a tube and put it in and out a one and a quarter opening. President—I wish this subject might be continued at our next annual meeting. I think it would be well worth our while to — study it, so we might get where we belong on the subject of transmissible diseases. Dr. Radley—lI believe, after a series of years of observation, © that there is a condition of the bone beyond the strain of the tension on the part which causes a predisposition to spavin or ringbone or any exostosis. Of course, I admit that the strain on that point brings about a condition, but beyond that I think there is a condition of the bone, in the bone cell, that-is bred in that bone, that partly causes the trouble. President—How do you get around this, you find the best quality of bone in thoroughbreds, you find spavin, in the best — kind of bone in the skeleton at least? HEREDITARY OR TRANSMISSIBLE DISEASES IN HORSES, 141 Dr. Radley—You cannot make the diagnosis from external appearances. Dr. Hoskins—The other point is the fact that the animals you quote are put to the most severe kind of work and without regard to their fitness for doing work at the-time these acci- dents occur. President—In thoroughbreds you will find spavins and ring- bone before they have ever been on the track, but you don’t find draught horses that way. I think if you take draught horses and the ordinary thoroughbred you will find spavins on the thor- oughbreds and you will not find them on the draught horse. Dr. Harger—I would modify that a little bit. In regard to the statement of finding spavin in horses of fine bone. You may have draught horse with spavin. You will find bone and bone. If you will find good, hard, silky bone, unless that horse is put to extreme use, I don’t think he is going to throw out ringbone. Take the horses Dr. Marshall speaks of, they are made of cotton. They inherit if from some faulty quality in the bone of some ancestor. They don’t have good bone. But | take the ideal thoroughbred, with clean, fine bone, whose an- cestors have been free from defect, that is the kind of horse in which we are the least apt to find bony growth. I see these things in the clinic. We have horses coming in with every bony trouble they can have. On two, three and four legs. I gener- ally find they are horses that belong to the lymphatic type; they are thick skinned, the joints are full of connective tissue. The joints are not clean, the bony tuberosities are not clean. It is not the fine, clean bone that you find in the thoroughbred. When you find the conditions Dr. Marshall describes, I believe you are dealing with a thoroughbred of faulty bone. Dr. Marshall—I will admit you will find them in the best theroughbreds and in the worst. Dr. Rectenwald—I think we better come down, we don’t need that kind of horse. We want good, sound horses. 142 Cc. J. MARSHALL, _President—My paper might lead you to be too liberal if. you follow it. It is not my intention that we leave ringbone and spavin in the list, but I did write it to show that we should not condemn everything. I think you will make mistakes and get the horsemen down on you if you are too particular. Dr. .Radley—We cannot afford to cater to the horsemen if it is the truth. Dr. Hoskins—I move that this discussion be continued over to the semi-annual meeting. Carried. THE veterinarians throughout New York State will be pleased to learn that assembly bill number 221, amending the law relat- ing to the practice of veterinary medicine in the State of New York, passed the Senate April 21st, and, with the Governor’s signature will become a law. VASECTOMY FOR CONFIRMED CRIMINALS AND DEFECTIVES.— The sterilization of criminals and defectives by vasectomy is be- coming a live question in many directions. This method of com- bating the transmission of criminality and other mental defects —a peril that has assumed such proportions as to arouse the at- tention of most civilized countries—has now been in use in In- diana for two years, and recently has been legalized in Oregon. The matter has been taken up by the Chicago Society of Social Hygiene, with a view to public education thereon and the intro- duction of some similar measure in the State of Illinois. ‘There is a bill (No. 249) now in committee of the Illinois senate which appears to cover the ground, though the words “ or castration ”’ might with advantage be omitted, as tending to arouse needless opposition. The state’s concern in the matter is limited to the prevention of procreation of hereditarily defective offspring, and this appears to be perfectly effected by the safe, harmless, non- mutilating operation of vasectomy. There are doubtless many who realize the necessity for some measure that will limit the output of ready-made potential criminals and defectives, who, nevertheless, are strongly opposed to what they consider the bar- barous practice of compulsory mutilation, and these will have little fault to find with vasectomy.—(Journal of American Medi- cal Association, April 3, 1909.) Oa tii pat dare a THE SECRETION OF MILK.* By PIERRE A. FIsH, N. Y. STATE VETERINARY COLLEGE, ITHACA, N. Y. Of the various secretions found in the animal body none is of greater practical or direct interest to humanity than that from the mammary gland. For a greater or less period after birth milk is the only food with which the young animal can be nour- ished. During this period the young animal thrives and gains in weight at a more rapid ratio than at any other time during its existence. This fact indicates that the nutritive constituents of milk are arranged in the best proportion not only as to di- gestibility and to satisfy the requirements of the tissues, but to stimulate them to greater activity as is evidenced by the phe-. nomenon of rapid growth. In the human being and monkeys a single pair of mammary glands are present and are located on the thorax; in the cow and horse they are located on the abdomen, while in the pig, bitch and cat they are located on both thorax and abdomen. The latter animals bring forth their young in litters, but there is not necessarily any correlation between the number of the young pro- duced and the number of glands present. The glands do not become active until the end of pregnancy or the birth of the young. The first excretion, known as colos- trum, differs in some interesting particulars from milk. It con- tains a considerable amount of albumen, little or no caseinogen and numerous so-called “colostrum corpuscles,” which are probably mast cells or leucocytes. It is believed by many that the colostrum has some purgative action and serves the purpose of clearing from the alimentary canal the material that has ac- cumulated in it before birth. After a short time the constitu- ents of the colostrum change, as the secretion goes on, to form true milk. * Read before the New York State Veterinary Medical Society. 143 144 PIERRE A. FISH. That there is an intimate relationship between the activity of the mammary glands and the generative organs of the fe- male there can be little doubt. Starling, an English physiologist, has demonstrated very recently that when an extract made from a foetus was injected into the tissues of a virgin female that the mammary gland became active and a secretion of milk was ac- tually produced, thus indicating that in the foetus there is some substance or property which has a direct action upon the mam- mary tissue. The mammary glands are undoubtedly epidermal structures. They are comparable in development to the sweat or sebaceous glands. It is not clear with which set of these glands they should be homologized. In the albuminous and fatty constituents of their secretion they would suggest a relationship to the sebaceous glands, but histologically the single epithelial layer of the al- veolus points to a connection with the sweat glands. The fact that the various constituents of milk are not found as such in the blood or lymph indicates that the gland cells are actively concerned in the production of the secretion. The cells themselves present different appearances accord- ing to the activity of the gland. In the resting period the cells are flattened or cuboidal in form. They present a somewhat granular appearance, show but a single nucleus and have few or no fat globules in them. When the active formation of milk occurs the cells increase in length, projecting toward the lumen of the gland, the nuclei divide and many of the cells contain two or more nuclei. Fat droplets develop in the protoplasm, especially in the free end of the cell. The granules, which in the resting cell are spherical, appear to elongate and assume a somewhat threadlike form. The climax of this change occurs when a portion of the end of the cell undergoes solution or disintegration and passes into the lumen of the alveolus. The fragments of this disin- tegrated portion of the cell help to form the secretion; part of it goes into the solution to form, probably, the albuminous and carbohydrate constituents, while the fat droplets are set free to , THE SECRETION OF MILK. 145 form the milk fat. Apparently the fixed portion of the cell re- generates its protoplasms and thus continues to form new mate- rial for the secretion. In some cases the whole cell may ap- parently undergo dissolution, in which case its place is taken by a new cell formed by the cell division of one of the neighboring cells. The composition of milk varies considerably in the different species. The secretion may vary at times in the same individual, according to diet, exposure, temperament, etc. The richest milk appears to come from the bitch, the poorest from the mare. Human milk is richer in sugar and poorer in protein than cow’s milk, but the fuel value is about the same. ‘Composition of Milk.—The chief bulk of milk is water which may vary in unadulterated milk from 90% in a poor product to 84% in an unusually rich milk. The corresponding solid mat- ter, or “ total solids,” therefore, varies from 10% to 16%. The solid matter, or ‘‘ total nutrients,” is made up of protein, fats, carbohydrates, and mineral matter. The proportion of these varies within certain limits, but, roughly speaking, one-twentieth of the total solids are mineral substances, one-fourth protein, three-tenths fat, and four-tenths carbohydrates. The principal protein or nitrogenous compound of milk is casein. When the milk is drawn from the cow this is in the form of caseinogen, but it undergoes changes which convert it into casein. In chemical composition the casein differs from the other protein compounds of milk in that it contains both phosphorus and sulphur. Beside the casein there is a certain amount of albumin present called lact-albumin which is quite similar to the albumin of the blood or the white of egg. The quantity of lact-albumin is very much smaller than that of the casein, averaging about one-seventh of the total protein. There ‘are also insignificant quantities of other nitrogenous substances present. The total protein of milk should not vary greatly. It will average not far from 3. 370 of the whole milk, or about 25% of the total solids. 146 PIERRE A. FISH. The milk fat is commercially the most important of its con- | stituents as it is the source of butter and enters largely into the composition of cheese. Chemically, the fat of milk, or butter- © fat as it is more often called, consists of several different fats. — ‘The chief of these are the same fats that are found in fat meat (tallow, lard, etc.), as well as many vegetable fats. They are — called stearin, palmitin and olein. Besides these three fats there | are others in smaller amounts, but of considerable importance, 4 because it is to them that the flavor and aroma of the butter and _ cream are due. The amount of fat in milk varies widely. The 4 amount of fat should not fall below 3%, and, except in unusually — rich milk, will not exceed 5%. Good, unadulterated milk from — a herd of well-fed cows should average not far from 4% of — butter-fat, or about 31% of the total solids of the milk. The chief carbohydrate in milk is lactose or milk sugar. This — sugar is similar in chemical composition to cane sugar, but is not nearly so sweet. Commercially, it is largely used in medi- : cine as a basis in powders, pills and tablets. In amount, it ranges if from 4% to 6%, but on the average may represent about 5% i of the milk, or about 38% of the total solids. The color and opaqueness of milk are due mainly to globules — of fat which are very minute and are almost innumerable. These | are held in suspension in the liquid in the form of an emulsion; — but, since they are lighter than water, after the milk has stood © for some time, they gradually rise to the surface and thus ac- _ cumulating form cream. When milk has stood for some time the milk sugar under- — goes decomposition, whereby lactic acid is formed and the milk © becomes sour. With the souring of milk there is a change in © its consistency and it becomes thickened or curdled. t The use of sour milk as a therapeutic agent is growing with ; the medical profession. It appears to possess useful properties — as an intestinal antiseptic. Its continued use has been recom- : mended by Metchnikoff as maintaining the health and prolong- — ing the life of the individual. The souring of milk can be ef- THE SECRETION OF MILK. 147 fected by the addition of an acid, vinegar for example. When milk thus curdled is neutralized with some alkali, such as lime- water or soda, the curd is redissolved. Milk is also curdled or coagulated by rennin and the curd thus produced is used in the manufacture of cheese. Unlike that of ordinary milk this curd is not dissolved by the addition of limewater or soda. When milk is boiled a film or scum forms upon its surface. The heat causes a coagulation of the protein, chiefly the al- bumin, and possibly to some slight extent a portion of the casein. If the film be removed and the milk again heated another film will form and this may be repeated a number of times. Milk is slightly heavier than water, its specific gravity ranges from 1.029 to 1.034 at 60° F. This means that while a quart of water weighs 2 pounds 1% ounces, a quart of milk weighs _ from 1.029 to 1.034 times as much, or not far from 2 pounds 2% ounces. The specific gravity depends upon the proportion of water and other substances. Since the fat is lighter than water the richer the milk is in butter-fat the lower its specific gravity, provided that the other solids are not increased propor- tionally. It follows, also, that the removal of the fat increases the specific gravity, so that skim milk has a specific gravity of from 1.033 to 1.037. On the other hand, the addition of water to skim milk brings down the specific gravity. There is probably no other food which is liable to a greater variation in its composition than the milk supplied to-the con- sumer. The variations are so great that one man may pay nearly twice as much as his neighbor for the same amount of nutriments when both buy it at the same price per quart. The causes of such variations are quite numerous, among which may be men- tioned adulteration by the addition of water or the removal of a portion of the fat. Variation is also dependent upon the breed and individuality of the cow, the methods of feeding and hand- ling and the length of time since calving. If the health and vigor are as good, young cows generally produce richer milk than old ones. A well-fed cow gives more 148 PIERRE A. FISH. and better milk than one which is poorly fed. The average cow of a given breed possesses certain capabilities for producing milk, but does not reach her normal standard of production un- less she is well fed. The composition of the food does not appear to greatly influence the relative proportions of the fat, casein ‘and sugar. When once the cow has a sufficient and well-bal- anced ration, neither the composition nor the amount of the milk yield appears to be greatly improved by either increasing the ration or changing the proportion of its ingredients. The flavor of milk is frequently affected by the food eaten by the cow. It is a well-known fact that turnips when fed to cows give a peculiar taste to the milk. Certain medicines may produce similar results and may also produce medicinal effects upon the calves suckling from them. As a food, milk is well adapted for use by man. It contains all of the four classes of nutrients—protein, fats, carbohydrates, and inorganic matter—in more nearly the proper proportion to serve as a complete food than any other food material, although no one substance can serve as a complete food for an adult. It is in a form well adapted for varied uses, either alone or more especially in combination with other food substances, and in the preparation of various dishes for the table. Its use is already considered indispensable in many such cases and it might profit- ably be used in many more. At the price paid ordinarily for milk in the large cities it is a food of reasonable cheapness, and at the prices prevailing in small cities and country towns it is an economical food. I HAVE accepted an Inspectorship with the Department of Agriculture and my address will be North Portal, Saskatchewan. I am anxious not to lose a copy of the REview.—(G. H. Acres, eee THE Legislature of Colorado has passed the Veterinary Practice Act. It is said to be a much stronger bill and to afford better protection to the veterinarian and to the public than the law now in force. — es Se PROFESSIONAL ETIQUETTE. By Dr. W. A. DUNBAR. Paper read before the Veterinary Association of Manitoba, Feby. 16, 1909. Mr. President and Gentlemen—In fulfilment of a rash promise made by me at the last semi-annual meeting of this As- sociation, I have made an effort to prepare a short paper on a subject which I hope will be more or less interesting to the mem- bers present at this meeting. After due consideration, I se- lected “ Professional Etiquette’”’ as the basis of my remarks. Professional etiquette, as | understand the term, comprehends the bearing, attitude and general conduct of a professional man towards his fellow practitioners. Having had thirty-three years’ experience of professional life, I will take the liberty of relating some personal observations on the subject under consideration. During that comparatively long period I have been in contact with many co-practitioners, and have had ample opportunity of judging as to the mental, moral and professional status of many of them. In taking a retrospective view of my experiences with my professional brethren I am forced to the conclusion that we vet- erinary surgeons are, in some instances, fish of a curious scale. In making this statement I do not wish to insinuate that un- desirable peculiarities are more prominent in the characters of veterinary surgeons than they are in those of the human race generally. The members of the veterinary profession, like those of every other profession, are drawn indiscriminately from the great human family, and they are therefore possessed of all the faults, frailties and pure cussedness, together with some of the more desirable mental and moral heirlooms of fallen humanity. If a man is born a gentleman, no matter if his advent into this world took place in the midst of comparatively poor surround- “ing, a gentleman he will probably remain throughout the term 149 150 W. A, DUNBAR. of his earthly career, irrespective of educational influences; but if a man is born a boor, even in the midst of affluence and with the proverbial silver spoon in his mouth; a boor he will probably remain during the period of his natural existence, notwithstand- ing the educational advantages, veterinary or otherwise, which it has been his privilege to receive. In his case the truthfulness and applicability of the Scriptural axiom “ The. Fees can- not change his skin, nor the leopard his spots,” is abundantly verified. It is very evident that both the classes which I have just mentioned are represented in the veterinary profession. There are those in our ranks, I am glad to state, whose behavior towards their professional brethren is marked by good will, good fellowship and a full recognition of the rules which should gov- ern the words and actions of professional men towards each other. At the risk, however, of being considered unnecessarily censorious, I am constrained to state that we also have within our ranks men who, apparently have not yet learned the simplest rudi- ments of professional etiquette. Men who strenuously use every effort to gain practice and to establish a reputation, spurious though it may be, by encroaching on the rights of their fellow practitioners and by insinuation and innuendo endeavoring to de- tract from their good name. The crest of this class of indi- viduals appears to be a skunk and carrion crow united, and motto “every man for himself and the devil for us all.” In days gone by when the veterinary profession was “chiefly | in the hands of charlatans and. mountebanks, when the main ac- | complishments of the so-called “ horse doctor” were swearing, smoking and chewing tobacco, drinking, telling yarns and talk- ing ‘“‘ hoss,” and when his, medical and surgical knowledge did not exceed the limit of bleeding, blistering, gelding and physick- ing. Under such conditions one could not expect to find any ob- servance of the rules governing professional etiquette. But, in. this eminently progressive age, we find that the practice of vet-_ erinary medicine and surgery has been elevated to its rightful place as one of the learned professions. ‘This being the case, | ——— PROFESSIONAL ETIQUETTE, 151 we, its members, should strive to uphold its dignity, not only in an educational sense, but in our deference for, and general bear- ing towards, each other as professional gentlemen, always keep- ing in view the fact that our words and actions are noted and commented upon by our clients and by the public at large. The veterinary profession has, during the last two or three decades, been dignified and popularized by the scientific research of many of its eminent members. This is pre-eminently an age of progress in the ‘scientific arena, and in no department of science is progress making more rapid strides than in the branch which we as veterinary surgeons represent. The theory of micro-organisms, causation of contagious, infectious and other diseases has been principally established by experiments made on the lower animals, and it should afford us inspiration to know that many experiments have been successfully conducted, and many important discoveries have been made in this line, by vet- erinary surgeons. The veterinary profession is specially pro- gressive in its tendencies, and it has already done a great deal towards alleviating suffering among the domesticated animals, and in stamping out some of the more serious diseases to which they are specially liable; and has therefore greatly enhanced the prosperity of stock-breeding countries and communities. As members of that profession, let us instead of backbiting each other and endeavoring to tarnish or belittle each other’s good name, put our shoulders to the wheels of its upward and onward progress. True we cannot all become brilliant luminaries in our profession, but we can all exercise the natural and acquired gifts with which we are possessed in a manner which will be more or less profitable to our clients and ourselves, and which will give no occasion for criticism on the part of our fellow practitioners. I will close this somewhat rambling paper by mentioning a few things which, in my humble opinion, are not quite in line with a strict observance of professional etiquette : First. When a consulted veterinarian has given his opinion of a case in the presence of the owner of the animal and the vet- 152 W. A. DUNBAR. erinarian in charge, in which he heartily commends the treat- ment pursued, but afterwards privately insinuates to the owner of the animal that had it been his case he would have treated it somewhat differently. Second. When a veterinarian, by request, or not by request, of the owner, visits a patient without the consent or knowledge of the attendant veterinarian. : Third. When a veterinarian solicits the patronage of a stock — owner, being at the same time well aware that said stock owner has for years employed, and does employ, the services of another veterinarian. Fourth. When a veterinarian, while standing at a street corner, hails a passerby, who may be driving a lame horse, or a horse with an excoriated neck or shoulder, and announces him- self as a veterinary surgeon, saying at the same time that he can cure the horse of his ailments. Such conduct on the part of a qualified veterinary surgeon may not be, in a strict sense, a breach of professional etiquette, but it certainly savours a good deal of quackery, and is degrading to the profession. Fifth. When a veterinarian, through jealousy or some other | equally sinister feeling, so far forgets himself as to speak of a fellow practitioner, behind his back, of course, as being an “ old granny,’ an “old lady,” a “back number” or some other epi- thets equally elegant. Sixth. When a veterinarian by word or action, or in any other manner wilfully attempts to depreciate the good name of a fellow practitioner, for the express purpose of building up his own reputation. Seventh. When a veterinarian for a paltry bribe from the vendor of an animal will pass that animal as being scund, when he knows it is unsound, and thus betray the confidence of his client. We veterinarians are human, some of us very much so, and when we have conclusive proof of the unprofessional conduct of a brother practitioner towards us, our human nature sometimes PROFESSIONAL ETIQUETTE, 153 asserts itself and prompts us to retaliate when an opportunity presents itself. Retaliation is, however, under any circumstances, unwise, as it only serves to perpetuate strife and ill feeling. To use a common expression “life is too short” for us to make it unpleasant for ourselves and others, by either our conduct or conversation. Gentlemen, let us commit to memory the golden’ rule, “ Do unto others as ye would that they should do unto you,” and practice it. I BELIEVE that no up-to-date veterinarian can afford to be without the REview—the best exponent of veterinary science in America.—(Wm. Drinkwater, V.S., Monticello, Iowa.) Tue Kansas City Veterinary College is clearing ground for the erection of an additional college building which will cost approximately $75,000. This building is to be constructed of reinforced concrete and will provide several class-rooms, a large library room, a gymnasium, and a general assembly room with a seating capacity of about 1,200. The enrollment during the last college session of over 500, with a correspondence pointing to a still larger enrollment for the oncoming session, has neces- sitated increased and better facilities. Kansas City is in the centre of a vast agricultural district which is yet sparsely pro- vided with qualified veterinarians, and the management of the K. C. V. C. intends to do its part toward qualifying men to meet the needs of this great agricultural section of our.country. Use Nature’s MEANS TO RETAIN THE UTERUS AND REC- TUM.—I have discovered a means of retaining in the prolapse uterus and rectum of animals, nature’s instrument, which is far superior to any means I have yet seen or heard of, and has been very effective in my hands, being a success in every case. I find all that is necessary is to take a broad bandage or rope and tie to the tail of the horse, cow or dog high enough up on the tail so that the two ends of the rope or bandage when taken between the legs of the animal, and tied over the back, that the tension will be sufficient to pull the tail down snug. The animal cannot very well strain and force out the uterus or rectum when the tail is tied down snug; it has to first raise the tail. The animal can have a passage of the bowels and bladder with the tail tied down. I keep it tied about forty-eight hours and by that time everything has adjusted.—( Mark White, V.M.D.) REPORTS OF CASES. ‘Careful observation makes a skillful practitzoner, but his skill dies with him, By recording his observations, he adds to the knowledge of his profession, and assists by his facts in building up the solid edzfice of pathological sctence.”’ ECHINORHYNCHUS CANIS. B. F. Kaupp, B.S., D.V.S., Pathologist, Veterinary Department Colorado Agricultural College. The object of this article is to report the finding of a para- site which appears to be an unnamed species. Four specimens of a worm taken from the intestines of a dog were sent to me by Dr. J. W. Parker, of San Antonio, Texas, ald for classification. 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FR ohenk SS IDO salwoox7y] Axys180y Sursueovy [RUOIsseJOig Areurunypeaig bags NEWS AND ITEMS. A FINELY appointed veterinary hospital has been opened at East Orange, N. J., by Dr. T. Earle Budd. MINNESOTA has 129 graduate and 105 non-graduate veterin- arians licensed to practice in that commonwealth. Dr. RicHarp P. Lyman and family have returned from Kansas City, Mo., to Hartford, Connecticut, for the summer. AxBout 50 veterinarians took the Civil Service examination for Veterinary Inspector in the B. A. I., at Kansas City, April 13th. THE Review fills the long felt want of one who cannot get away to brush up each year.—(C. M. Henderson (McGill Um- versity), Vancouver, B. C.) THE St. Joseph Veterinary College, St. Joseph, Mo., gradu- ated 21 veterinarians this year. The commencement exercises were held March 19, 1909. Tue United States College of Veterinary Surgeons held its commencement exercises at Gonzaga Hall, Washington, D. C., on Thursday evening, April 15, 1909. INCLOSED please find express money order for three dollars, my subscription to the REview. We must have it, that’s all_— (J. A. McCrank, D.V.S., Plattsburgh, N. Y.) Dr. G. A. REvERCOMB, for several years located at Ronce- verte, W. Va., has moved to Okmulgee, Oklahoma, to engage in practice in that new and rapidly growing city. Tue Massachusetts Veterinary Association celebrated the twenty-fifth anniversary of its organization at Young’s Hotel, Boston, on Wednesday evening, April 28, 19009. F. H. ANDERSON (veterinarian) has been re-elected city treasurer of Evanston, Ind., with a plurality of 269 votes, after a hard-fought battle between the eight candidates for the office in the field. 222 NEWS AND ITEMS. : 223 E. F, Jarret, M. D. C., on the 17th day of March, was ap- pointed State Veterinarian of Texas, to succeed Dr. W. H. Lang- ley, resigned. Dr. Jarrel will establish headquarters at Ft. Worth, Texas. Dr. Emirio LuAcEs, a graduate of the Kansas City Veteri- nary College, 1908, has been appointed Chief Veterinarian of the ‘Experiment Station, Santiago - Las Vegas, Cuba, to succeed Dr. N. S. Mayo. ANy veterinarian who is specially interested in sanitary work can obtain a copy of the proceedings of the Washington meet- ing of the Inter-State Association of Live Stock Sanitary Boards by communicating with Dr. Chas. E. Cotton, Secretary, Minne- apolis, Minn. THE first annual banquet and ball of the Veterinary Medical Association of the Colorado State Agricultural College was held at Masonic Temple, Fort Collins, Colorado, April 9, 1909. Dr. G. H. Glover filled the rdle of Toastmaster in a very acceptable manner. | Tue Atlantic City Horse Show, held on one of the immense piers of that famous New Jersey seaside resort, during the sec- ond week in April, was a grand success from every viewpoint. Veterinarian Budd, who was one of the judges, reports the horse outlook as decidedly encouraging. Ow1nc to the change of date of the meeting of the Ameri- can Veterinary Medical Association, the date of the annual meet- ing of the Inter-State Association of Live Stock Sanitary Boards, which also convenes in Chicago, has been changed to September 13, 14 and I5. THE commencement exercises of the Chicago Veterinary Col- lege were held on April 6, 1909. The occasion was an enjoy- able and important one, as by it the school gave birth to 107 new sons. Gold medals were awarded to five and prizes to ten com- petitors. and the honor list contained 29 names. Dwrinc the month of February, Dr. W. G. Clark, Marinette, Wis., read a paper on the relation between bovine and human tuberculosis at the farmers’ short course of the Marinette County Agricultural School and also at the Menominee, Mich., Agricul- tural School a couple of weeks later. The Medical Society has requested Dr. Clark to present a paper at its meeting this month. 224 NEWS AND ITEMS, ForTY-ONE young men received their diplomas from the In- diana Veterinary College at its commencement exercises held April 1, 1909. Addresses were made by Drs. Geo. H. Roberts, Fred. A. Muller, W. B. Craig, E. O. Chattan and Helen Knable of the faculty, and Otto Wagner, assistant secretary of the col- lege. A new building to cost $30,000 is now in course of erec- tion. Tue General Assembly of South Carolina has just passed an act which places that commonwealth among those states re- quiring the tuberculin test of cattle for breeding and dairy pur- poses. The new law also allows compensation for tuberculous and glandered animals. Dr. M. Ray Powers, State Veterina- rian, considers that this feature will be quite an advantage in live stock sanitary work in South Carolina. Dr. W. H. Datrymp_e, Baton Rouge, La., is looking for- ward with a great deal of pleasure to a trip across the ocean this summer to visit his old home and those of his relatives and friends who are left to him. He sails from New York May 29th by an Anchor Line steamer for Glasgow and will return to America in time for the meeting of the A. V. M. A. at Chicago in September. Dr. Dalrymple hopes to be able to run over to Paris this trip to see Professor Liautard. A SPECIAL committee of the Bureau of Animal Industry, con- sisting of Drs. M. A. Farrington, Assistant Chief of Bureau, and R. W. Hickman, Chief of the Quarantine Division, visited the various veterinary colleges in the United States during the latter part of March and the beginning of April. They made careful in- quiries into the details of matriculation, methods of instruction, qualifications of teachers and all other matters, to ascertain how completely the colleges have complied with the requirements of the B. A. I. Cireular No. 133. A pILL has passed the senate of the Minnesota legislature providing for the tuberculin testing of.all pure-bred cattle sold for breeding purposes. It has also passed a measure requiring druggists and others selling either tuberculin or mallein to report each sale to the State Live Stock Sanitary Board. The Dairy and Live Stock Committee of the Minnesota legislature now in session has reported out as a direct commit- tee bill a measure which calls for a permanent annual appropria- NEWS AND ITEMS. 225. tion of $70,000 a year for the Sanitary Board work in connec- tion with tuberculosis and glanders. This is in addition to a permanent annual appropriation of $19,000 general sanitary work. Special precautions are taken in this bill to prevent tam- pering with the tests. A Great WESTERN Meetine.—The annual meeting of the ‘Missouri Valley Veterinary Association will be held in Omaha June 16 and 17th. A program is presented which will be filled to repletion with good food for a mental feast. The committee on local arrangements are making an effort to arrange and plan local affairs so as to make it the most valuable meeting ever held by that association. The meeting will be held as usual in the city hall. A business meeting will take a large part of the forenoon meeting of the first day. Papers and discussions will occupy the afternoon and the annual banquet, to which, the local committee say, “ This. year the ladies are invited,” wili be held the evening of the first day. The forenoon of the second day will be devoted to papers, reports of cases, and discussions of same. In the afternoon there will be ample clinic to last until late. The veterinarians of Omaha and Council Bluffs have joined hands and will see to it that there will not only be an abundance, but quality, in the clinic, cases for operation, for diagnosis, and some showing re- ‘sults of previous operations. Some cases presented at last year’s clinic will again be in evidence. COMMENCEMENT EXERCISES OF THE ONTARIO VETERINARY CoLLEGE.—Owing to the unavoidable absence of the Minister of Agriculture, President Falconer of the University of Toronto. presided at the recent commencement exercises of the Ontario Veterinary College. Short addresses of a congratulatory nature were delivered by the chairman, Dr. Andrew Smith, former principal; Dr. Brodie, of the University of Toronto; President | _ Falconer, and Principal EK. A. A. Grange of the college. . Pre- vious to the actual closing the graduates presented the colleg ; with a picture of the professors and class. who had returned to finish their course. Formerly the institu- 7 tion only gave a two-year course. When the Ontario Govern- A feature was the fact that all of the graduates were students ment took over the college in July last it was decided to have a _ three-year term. So these students, although they had received’ ny a Peri 226 NEWS AND ITEMS, their diplomas, came back to get their degree from the college as a government institution. This fact accounts also for the smallness of the class, which was composed of seventeen men, but, as in former years, they have come from all parts of the United States and Canada. In the course of his opening address, President Falconer an- nounced that a new degree, to be known as bachelor of veteri- nary science, would be established. He thought it would give prestige, as it would lead to the doctorate degree. Dr. C. H: Stance, DEAN OF THE VETERINARY FACULTY, Iowa STATE CoLLEGE.—Dr. C. H. Stange has been elected Dean of the Veterinary Faculty of the Iowa State College to succeed Dr. J. H. McNeil, resigned. For six months the president and the trustee committee of the college have been making exten- sive and earnest inquiry for the best man for the deanship made vacant by the resignation of Dr. McNeil. The faculty com- mittee of-the board of trustees, together with the president and Dean Curtiss, to whom the matter had been referred with power, came to the unanimous conclusion that of all available men they could make no better selection than that of Dr. Stange. Dr. Stange was the honor student of the college the year of his graduation and has pursued graduate studies since, es- pecially in bacteriology and histology, in the University of Chi- cago, and has carried the subjects of pathology, histology and theory and practice as a member of the faculty of the veterinary division of the Iowa State College. During tlie current college year he has largely carried the administrative responsibilities of the division. Dr. Stange has proven himself a thoroughly capable man. It is the belief of those in charge of the interests of the college that they have made a happy selection. Dr. Stange is thoroughly scientific in his training and methods and at the same time thoroughly practical. He is a man of excellent execu- tive ability and a good judge of men, much liked by the students and his associates, and has before him a very promising future. The veterinary division at the college now numbers 130 stu- dents. Plans have been approved by the board of trustees and. are being submitted to the legislature for endorsement for the erection from the millage fund of a $150,000 building with equip- ment for the veterinary division. Adequate support is being asked irom the legislature that this and other departments of the college may be adequately provided for the increased demand. for faculty and equipment. ~~ é NEWS AND ITEMS. 22 While Dr. Stange is but twenty-eight years of age, it is re- membered that men as young or younger than he have taken ‘similar responsibilities and have developed with their work to | positions of leadership. In this connection such men as Victor C. Vaughn, Dean of the Department of Medicine at Ann Arbor; Dean Curtiss, of Ames; Dean Bailey, of Cornell, may be men- tioned as men who quite young in life have been placed under large responsibility and have made good. New LEGISLATION IN PENNSyLVANIA.—The legislature of Pennsylvania adjourned April 15. Not much general legislation of veterinary sanitary importance was enacted. The few new provisions of law that were made will be discussed later. The legislature appropriated $614,400 for what might be termed veterinary purposes. This amount includes $374,400 for the use of the State Livestock Sanitary Board and for salaries of officers and employees of the Veterinary Division of the Depart- ment of Agriculture; $90,000 deficiency to pay for work done during the fiscal year which will end May 31, 1909 (including expenses incident to the outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease), and $150,000 for the Veterinary Department of the University of Pennsylvania. The appropriation to the State Livestock Sanitary Board em- braces items for indemnity to owners of condemned animals, for the enforcement of quarantine laws, for the support of the state meat inspection service, for dairy inspection work, for the ad- ministration of the horse breeding law, for the maintenance of the laboratory and experimental farm for the investigation of the diseases of animals, etc. The appropriation to the Veterinary School embraces an item of $100,000 for construction and an item of $50,000 for current expenses. While these appropriations may appear to be small, when considered with reference to the investment of $180,000,000 in domesticated animals in Pennsylvania that is conserved by them, and the vast importance of veterinary sanitary work and veteri- nary education in their relations to the agricultural and public health interests of the Commonwealth, the total is, nevertheless, such as to place a great burden of responsibility on the veterinary profession of the state. The veterinarians of Pennsylvania have for a Aiibe: of years had some opportunity to demonstrate to the public the im- 228 : NEWS AND ITEMS, portance and the value of the work they are engaged in, and it is because they have shown the worth of their work that they are ~now to have a larger opportunity. Experience justifies the expectation that the profession of the old Keystone state will rise equal to the responsibilities that are placed upon it, and the hope that at the end of the next fiscal period the benefits from the expenditures made will be so ap- parent that there will be no regret that they were authorized. Banquet Iowa State CoLttece—Two hundred and fifty veterinarians assembled for the fifth annual alumni-senior ban- quet of the Veterinary Medical Society of the Iowa State Col- lege, held at the Chamberlain Hotel, Des Moines, on March 12. The Veterinary Department of the college turned out as a unit, and the attendance was still further augmented by the return of many of the alumni of the institution, and goodly number of invited guests who mingled with students and faculty in the spa- cious hotel parlors. Here the reception committee saw to it that no man failed to meet every “old grad” and “ young prep” present. It was an enthusiastic gathering of veterinarians, stu-. dents and friends of the profession. Following the elaborate seven-course dinner a program of formal and impromptu toasts was carried out. Dr. R. R. Dykstra of the veterinary faculty of the college acted as toast- master. Hon. W. J. Dixon, president of the board of trustees of the college, spoke on “ The Relation of the Board of Trus- tees to the Veterinary Department.’ His announcement of the certainty of a new $150,000 building for the Veterinary Depart- ment in the immediate future was received with rounds of ap- plause by the enthusiastic students. Prof. Curtiss, Dean of the Department of Agriculture of the college, spoke on “ The Vet- erinarian’s Calling.” ening scope of the veterinarian’s work, and on the future of men who would prepare themselves by a thorough college training for entrance into this work. His remarks were received with deep imterest by all assembled. Dr. E. E. Faville, of Des Moines, spoke entertainingly on the subject, “ Inside vs. Outside.” Dr. N. N. Crawford spoke for the senior class on the subject of “ Aims and Ames.” Dr. English, of the 2d U. S. Cavalry, gave a pithy address on “ The Veterinarian in the Far East.” Dr. English’s experience while with his regiment in the Philippines enabled him to both interest and instruct his audience with a He dwelt on the great and constantly wid-— a a a ee, sey a PY I se NEWS AND ITEMS. 229 description of disease conditions in the Islands, and with a dis- cussion of the methods of eradication employed in dealing with the more prevalent types. He also pictured very vividly the life of a veterinarian in the Islands by the relation of incidents and conditions encountered in actual service. Other speakers who responded when called upon were: Lieut. Gov. Clarke, Hon. G. C. White, Hon. E. M. Wentworth, Dean E. W. Stanton. Dr. C. H. Stange, the Dean of the Veterinary Department, who has attended every banquet of the society, said that the one of this year was by long odds the most successful ever held. Originally intended as a “ get together affair’ for students and faculty, it has developed into an annual meeting of state-wide interest among the veterinary profession. SANITARY WorK IN MINNEsoTA.—A group of Minneapolis city dairymen have been fighting the Minneapolis test ordinance for a number of years and have been repeatedly defeated. This winter they attempted to accomplish their purpose by attacking the whole tuberculosis and tuberculin test work of the state and indirectly the State Live Stock Sanitary Board. The matter was referred by the Senate Committee to its Dairy and Live Stock Committee with instructions to conduct such tests and investigate as it deemed necessary and important and report back to the senate. The report adopted is a complete vindication for the Sani- tary Board so far as its past record is concerned, besides contain- ing some interesting comments concerning the tuberculosis ques- tion and the tuberculin test. It is as follows: The committee to whom was referred resolution on page 5 of the Senate Journal, February 5, concerning the Live Stock Sanitary Board and the tuberculin test, beg leave to offer the fol- lowing report: There is filed with the committee a full statement giving number of animals killed on account of tuberculosis and the amount due to each owner together with name and address. In addition is filed a copy of the minutes of the board, show- ing that its accumulated deficit was incurred only after a con- ference with and on the advice of His Excellency Governor J. A. Johnson, the Attorney-General, State Auditor and the State Treasurer’s office. As called for by the resolution the board has ceased (pend- ing investigation) to incur any further obligations for animals - affected with tuberculosis. 230 NEWS AND ITEMS, Concerning the tuberculin test: In response to the request of the committee, the Live Stock Sanitary Board tuberculin test- ed twenty-five head of cattle owned by Swift & Company, which were passed by the tuberculin test as free from tuberculosis. The application and the entire course of the tuberculin test were carefully watched by a representative appointed by the com- mittee. In addition were also tuberculin tested by the board nineteen head of cattle owned by Senator B. E. Sundberg. The result of the tuberculin test showed fourteen of the nineteen animals to be affected with tuberculosis. The twenty-five cattle owned by Swift & Company and passed by the tuberculin test as free from tuberculosis and the fourteen cattle owned by Senator B. E. Sundberg, which had reacted to the tuberculin test, were killed under the supervision of the committee. The post-mortem examination on the twenty-five non-react- ing “ Swift’ cattle showed no evidence of tuberculosis, while the fourteen reacting cattle owned by Senator B. E. Sundberg showed well-marked lesions of tuberculosis, some of the animals being badly affected, the lungs and other organs presenting a re- pulsive appearance. These results show that tuberculin is a reliable diagnostic agent. The records of the tuberculin test of the two lots of cattle and the post-mortem of findings are submitted herewith as part of this report. Your committee would respectfully report that it is convinced the tuberculin test is accurate and reliable when intelligently and honestly applied, and the only means in a very large majority of cases whereby tuberculous cattle may be detected. We are of the opinion that the legitimate use of the tuberculin test should be encouraged by the state. Further, your committee find that the deficit which has ac- cumulated is in accordance with law as we understand the term. It is recommended that the resolution ordering the discon- tinuance by the board of further tuberculin and mallein tests be rescinded. BANQUET OF THE NEW YORK-AMERICAN VETERINARY COL- LEGE (Vet. Dept., N. Y. U.), held at Reisenweber’s on the even- ing of April 14th, was one of the best that has been held in some years. The attendance for several reasons was small, but de- Sh ANOLE Seay Ma" thr Treg aia ol NEWS AND ITEMS. 231 ficiency in numbers was more than compensated for by the char- acter of the addresses that were made in response to the several toasts. President Budd acted as toastmaster, and in his usual happy manner made everyone feel at home. Dr. Munn (M.D.), of the University Council, responded to the toast, “ The Gen- eral Alumni of New York University,” and during his remarks gave some good advice to the young graduates. Dean Coates, in his toast, ““ The Ladies,” eclipsed all previous records, which, to those who have heard him from year to year on various topics, means a great deal. It was witty and humorous. He said in part the innocent cause of all evils to mankind is woman as she stepped forth in the Garden of Eden with the apple, and com- pared ladies to flowers, describing their loveliness and showing the magnetic qualities of each. He told of the various kinds of women, especially of the modern girl, the dudish girl, the girl who makes a man fall in love, the kissable girl, and the one who empties a man’s pocket. He presented the esthetic wardrobe, the peculiar ideas about dress, and the effect on her nervous sys- . tem. Then described the moonlight sails, the winning smiles, the hours spent on her toilet, and the verses she would write for the object of her dreams, how sleep deserted her and when food had no attraction. Prof. Robertson, on “ The Faculty,’ spoke very feelingly and his remarks were enjoyed by all present. Prof. Tompkins, of the Law School, after one or two amusing stories, departed from his usual lighter vein and gave some excellent ad- vice to the young men, in which he advised that men of the vet- erinary profession should “ get into politics.”” He explained by that, that he did not mean “run for office,” but to avail them- selves of their citiznship in the affairs of their local government, and to live ina manner befitting the best citizens in the community. He was followed by the Hon. Raymond A. Pearson, Commis- sioner of Agriculture of the State of New York, whose talk on “The State Department of Agriculture and the Veterinarian ” was a rare treat. The Commissioner, in his interesting manner, imparted much information on the subject nearest his heart, agri- culture, pointing out the fact that agriculture was the foundation of everything in our country, that the live stock industry was an essential to agriculture, and that veterinarians were essential to the live stock industry. He referred to the work being done for the suppression and eradication of tuberculosis, and some of its drawbacks, which his department hope to overcome by suitable measures, some of which are now before the present legislature. 232 NEWS AND ITEMS, Dr. Hollingworth, responding to the toast, ““ The Veterinarian a Public Benefactor,” certainly justified the subject in his re- marks, showing the very many ways in which the veterinarian may fill that role. Dr. Gill responded to a toast on ‘“ The Fu- ture’ by addressing the graduating class on what use to make of their future. Dr. Winchester left to catch a train before op- portunity had been afforded the toastmaster to call upon him, but Drs. Howard and Hoskins responded in their usual excel- lent form; after which various members of the graduating and recent classes spoke. This was the thirtieth annual dinner of the Alumni Association that Dr. Hoskins had attended without a break. Dr. DeVine stated that on hearing Dr. Hoskins men- tion the fact that he had not missed a single dinner, on the oc- casion of his first dinner, in 1898, he made a resolution, to make a similar record for himself, and has not missed attending one of the functions during the eleven years since that time. He expressed regret that the other forty-five members of his class had not done likewise. The toastmaster called for a standing toast to our “ Past Dean,’ Prof. Liautard, and when the gentlemen had resumed their seats a member of the Alumni Association called for a standing toast to our “ New Dean,” Prof. Coates. Optimism By Dr. HoLLINnGwortH AT THE ITHACA Ban- QUET.—It is needless for me to say that I am very glad to be here this evening at your annual banquet, even if I did have to en- circle the globe to get here. I see by the program that I am to respond to the toast ‘‘ Optimism,’’ which means the doctrine that everything happens for the best. Now, it is a question whether a veterinarian can call himself an optimist when he takes into consideration the horseless vehicles that are so popular at pres- ent. I know very often I feel very pessimistic, but to be serious in regard to the automobile, I am of the opinion that the coming of this method of conveyance has caused a new idea of thought or stimulated an old one, and that is—sanitary or preventive medicine, not only with the practicing veterinarian, but with the veterinary colleges. I believe there is a great field to be developed. The health and wealth of our country demand it. What better record can a community have than a low death rate? How is that brought about but through the energy of its health department? Now, here is just where we can look on the bright side. The veterina- NEWS AND ITEMS. 233 rian, by being proficient along these lines, will be able to check the causes of death in the human race due to diseased meat and polluted milk, and by so doing he is naturally going to be a pub- lic benefactor and will receive the recognition due him. Take the wealth of our country in regard to live stock. It runs up into the billions, and here again the veterinarian will be in a position to save this country untold amount of money by his knowledge in diagnosing the contagious and infectious dis- eases which our domestic animals are subject to. I believe there will be laws placed on the statute books in the near future which will create offices for veterinary sanitarians, in fact, the Commis- sioner of Agriculture as much as said so in regard to meat and milk inspection, which is likely to be agitated in Albany, and I want to tell you, gentlemen, that, when Governor Hughes ap- pointed R. A. Pearson commissioner, it was one of the best things that ever happened to the veterinary profession in this state. I know we have a friend. I heard him say that his wish was to have an efficient veterinary service in his department. Is not that the bright side? But this cannot be accomplished without we veterinarians live up to the principles of honesty. Be honest in all your convictions, whether it is your client, friend or enemy, when an opinion is required. Do not always look for that almighty dollar. Do not become obligated to anyone. Do not get into the clutches of anyone. When your honor is lost you might as well give up. The person who bought you will at the opportune time, if you do not decide according to his thinking, make it very unpleasant for you. Whatever you get, get it honestly and pay likewise. Work for the interests of your client, whether it be an indi- vidual, corporation, municipality or state. By so doing, you can- not but be looked upon as an honored citizen and an honor to the veterinary profession, which many of you are about to take up fora livelihood. Get the confidence of the public so that when you make an assertion or sign a document, they can rely on its virtue. A man’s good will is better than his enmity. Do as much for the poor man as you would for your rich client. It is no dis- - grace to be poor, but very inconvenient. Do unto others as you ans site le ee would like them to do unto you. Keep yourself under self-con- trol. Cultivate your disposition. Knowing your weakness, rem- edy it. By all means, be a gentleman. Remember temptation is the root of all evil. 234 NEWS AND ITEMS. There is one place where optimism should reign supreme and that is in your home. If you feel the reverse when you place your foot on your threshold, cast it to the winds. We are only here a short time—born to-day, somewhere else to-morrow. Life is too short to encourage pessimism. You want to remember that when that woman decided to cast her lot and become your helpmeet it was your duty to see to it that she had all the con- veniences, encouragement and kindness that you can afford, and, to my way of thinking, if such is not carried into effect, that man is a most miserable man. | You want to do as near right as you can and you want to do as near right as you know how and to continue so to the end, and when the end comes, if you are censured, it will be no fault of yours. Now, in closing, I want to say that you must remem- ber that here in Ithaca is located the New York State Veterinary College, and it is up to the alumni of this college to put their shoulders to the wheel and to use all honest efforts to help the di- rector of this school to make it the veterinary college of this con- tinent. J am not an alumnus of it, but I am a convert. I| have come to the conclusion that an institution of this kind needs more money to carry out its plans than that derived from its students. Now, gentlemen, if these few words are put into effect, I think you will be a success. SURVIVAL OF THE Fittest.—Only one oyster embryo out of every 5,000,000 produced grows up through all the successive stages of youth to the adult state. Even in animals which pro- duce a small number of young there is great destruction, and taking all the individuals into consideration, only a single pair of young arrive at maturity to replace their parents. There is no exception to the rule that every organic being naturally multi- plies at so high a rate that if not destroyed the. progeny of a single pair would soon cover the earth. The elephant is reckon- ed the slowest breeder of known animals; it commences to breed at thirty years of age, dies at 100, and has six young ones in the interval. After 750 years, supposing all the offspring of a single pair fulfilled the rule and were not destroyed in an untimely way, there would be nearly 19,000,000 elephants alive descended from the first pair.—(Sir Ray Lankester in the London Telegraph.) VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION MEETINGS. 235 VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION MEETINGS. In the accompanying table the data given is reported by many Secretaries as being of great value to their Associations, and it is to be regretted that some neglect to inform us of the dates and places of their meetings. Secretaries are earnestly requested to see that their organizations are properly included ' in the following list : Name of Organization. D 79 agi fone Name and Address Secretary. American V. M. Ass’n............ et a 7-10, 1909.| Chicago....... R. P.Lyman, Hartford, Conn. Vet. Med. Ass’n of N. J.......... July 14-15, 1909.| Atlantic City.| W. Herbert Lowe, Paterson. Connecticut V. M. Ass’n.........| eo-- dace sein cas New Haven ..| B. K. Dow, Willimantic. New York S. V. M. Soc’y......... Sept., 1909 ....-- TRUMNOR ss aks J. F. De Vine, Goshen. _ Schuylkill Valley V. M.A........ June 16, 1909....| Reading...... W.G. Huyett, Wernersville. Passaic Co. V. M. Ass’n.......... Call of Chair...| Paterson, N.J.| H. K. Berry, Paterson, N. J. eens Vi ME. ASO Rives ce cits ics Ce Oe. COT is ions ke ovina cs R. P. Marsteller, College Sta. Massachusetts Vet. Ass’n......... Monthly........ Boston........ Wm. T. White, Newtonville. RNG: VOCs, BOs PUN os Cal cs 61 nes poh es sme ns wos ee eee A. Joly, Waterville. meomeras Canada V, ROO co cy dt ws on vars nccnseees Ottawa ....... A. E. James, Ottawa. Michigan State V. M. Ass’n...... Jan. 25-26, 1910.| Saginaw...... pe ae Black, Richmond. mins Ass. NY eB OC ec el cick cise oaienkle’ 141 W. 54th St.| L. L. Glynn, N. Y. City. Illinois State V. M. Ass’n......... July 13, 1909....| Bloomington..| J. H. Crawford, Harvard. BPMCRMNGET, SOC, Ws COM 8 6 i cE oo ri dias og Va nile oad Sheen y gon seah s . Beattie, Madison. Illinois V. M. and Surg. A........ Leary and Aug...| Louisville..... W. A. Swain, Mt. Pulaski. Vet. Ass’n of Manitoba.......... ot stated...... Winnipeg.....| F. Torrance, Winnipeg. peorth. Carolina V. M.Ass’n.....5) 0s. .cesccccscceese Raleigh ...... Adam Fisher, Charlotte. I MO, PEON ade on 5's cc pha | dap abece co atasas| dbase sca se o> C. H. Sweetapple, Toronto. V. M. Ass’n, New York City......| rst Wed. ea. mo.| 141 W. 54th St.| W. Reid Blair, N. Y. City. een . ME AMS oo, aluccd Sosecnsesners cues Columbus.....| Sidney D. Myers, Wilmington Western Penn. V. M. Ass’n....... 1st Wed. ea. mo.| Pittsburgh....| F. Weitzell, Allegheny. PEE, VOL. DAOC, MOT on. 5 ocan| ve cknnctvseiaannes Ste Goring ...| F. F. Brown, Kansas City. en WOUOY Vs MS ASST. isk) ss cenecesesecvans Rochester..... iF H. Taylor, Henrietta. Bae VORtINary ASST. 6... . kee] ose cecetsccesecs Ft. Dodge....| H. C. Simpson, Denison. Minnesota State V. M. Ass’n.....| July 14-15 ...... Stillwater ....| G. Ed. Leech, Winona. merware State VT. MAU abn ca ocesscdinecees Philadelphia..| F.H. Schneider, Philadelphia. Keystone V. M. Ass’n............ Monthly........ Philadelphia..| S. Lockett, Glenolden. Colorado State V. M. Ass’n.......| June, 1909...... Denver ....... M. J. Woodliffe, Denver. issouri Valley V. Ass’n......... une 16-17, 1909..| Omaha...-:.... B.F.Kaupp,FortCollins,Colo. ode Island V. M. Ass’n........ an. and June..} Providence ...| T. E. Robinson, Westerly . North Dakota V. M. Ass’n........ Call of Sec’y....| Fargo ........ C. H. Martin, Valley City. Seema emte VV. MA. ASSN... ont cnc g votes covesver San Francisco.| J. J. Hogarty, Oakland. Southern Auxiliary of California eaee Va MM. Ass nice eeu cas _ South Dakota V. M.A........... Nebraska V. M. Ass’n....... Fens, _ Kansas State V. M. Ass’n........ Ass’n Médécale Veterinare Fran- eat 2 ee ee ere _ Province of Quebec V. M.A...... _ Kentucky V. M. Ass’n............ Washington State Col. V. M.A.. Indiana Veterinary Association... Louisiana State V. M Twin City V. M. Ass’n............ Hamilton Co. (Ohio Mississippi State V.M. Ass’n.... Georgia State V. M.A Soc. Vet. Alumni Univ. Penn..... Virginia State V. M. Ass’n ioma V. M. Ass’n............ Veterinary Practitioners’ Club.... Vet. Ass’n Dist. of Columbia..... B. A. I. Vet. In. A., Chicago...... _ Arkansas Veterinary Ass’n........ York Co. a: LS Philippine V. M.A...... ea seu _Montana State V. M. A........... Veterinary Ass’n of Alberta... .. ‘Chicago Veterinary Society....... Maryland State Vet. Society...... St. Louis Soc. of Vet. Inspectors. Washington State V. M.A....... - Vermont Vet. Med. Ass’n eeee reer eses Jan.Apl.Jy.Oct. 2d Tues. inJ y. ’09 ist and 3d Thur. of each month ee ist & 3d Fri. Eve. January, 1910... eee eee weer eaeeee a TQOQs seneies uly 9, 1909..... Monthly........ 3d Wed.ea. mo.. 2d Fri. ea. mo... eee ere eee eee eee ist Wed. fol. the 2d Sun. ea. mo. ee ee Los Angeles... Sioux Falls... Grand Island. Topeka....... Lec. Room,La- val Un’y Mon. | Mon.and Que. Not decided .. eee reese eeteee Chicago Baltimore..... seeeee ee eeee . A. Graham, Sioux Falls. . Jensen, Weeping Water. B. Rogers, Manhattan. J. P. A. Houde, Montreal. Gustave Boyer, Rigand, P.Q. D. A. Piatt, Lexington. R.G. McAlister, Pullman. E. M. Bronson, Indianapolis. E. P. Flower, Baton Rouge. S. H. Ward, St. Paul, Minn. . Louis P. Cook, Cincinnati. b C. Robert, Agricultural Col. . F. Bahnsen, Americus. B.T.Woodward,Wash’n, D.C. W.G. Chrisman, Charlo’sv’le. W.H. Martin, El Reno. A. F. Mount, Jersey City. M. Page Smith, Wash., D.C. D. D. Tierney, Chicago, Ill. Horace E. Rice, Little Rock. E. S. Bausticker, York, Pa. has. G. Thomson, Manila. W.S. Swank, Miles City. oH Sweetapple, For. Saskatchewan, a., Can: F M. Parks, Chicago. . H. Counselman, Sec’y. Wm.T.Conway,St.Louis,Mo.: {: T. Seely, Seattle. .W.Chamberlain, Burlington 1a Edmonds, Los Angeles. PUBLISHERS’ DEPARTMENT. Subscription price, $3 per annum, invariably in advance; Canadian subscriptions, $3.25; foreign countries, $3.60; students while attending college, $2; Students in Canada, $2.25; single copies, 25 cents. Rejected manuscripts will not be returned unless nostage is forwarded. Subscribers are earnestly requested to notify the Business Manager immediately upon changing their address. Make all checks or P. O. orders payable to American Veterinary Review. THE Art oF CAPSULATING is the title of a little booklet published by H, PLanten & Son, Brooklyn, N. Y., and is a very interesting little brochure indeed. It begins with the invention of gelatine, capsules in 1833 by Mr. A. Mothes, a French pharmacist. They were known to the medical profession for many years as “ CAPSULES GELATINENSES DE MorTHEs.” Official notice of this important discovery appears in two reports to the “Academie Royale de Medicine,’ one of May 13, 1834, and the other of February 28, 1837. Notices and descriptions of the process of making them appeared also in many French journals of pharmacology, dictionaries, etc., up to 1866. “ The German Pharmacopoeia,’ in the last edition, describes and gives formulas for making gelatine capsules, while, strange to say, the “ United States Pharmacopoeia” entirely ignores the industry, and text books on pharmacy have little to say on it. “Remington’s Practice of Pharmacy,” 1894, de- scribes the process used many years ago, but does not seem to be in posses- sion of knowledge of the modern methods and machinery used. The “ Amer- ican Journal of Pharmacy” gives a condensed translation from “ Traite de Pharmacologie”; but if one would become familiar with this industry in America, as founded by Mr. H. Planten, a Hollander by birth, in 1836, who had studied the different methods of the industry as used in France, let them write to the firm of H. Planten & Son, 93 Henry street, Brooklyn, N. Y., mentioning the AMERICAN VETERINARY REview, and: they will be presented with the little brochure referred to, “ THe Art or CAPSULATING.” In Spring-coughs, which have a tendency to “hang on,’ Syrup oF Eucatyptus Comp, is a splendid alleviating agent. A glance at the for- mula is convincing of its adaptability in these conditions. This compound is prepared by The Norwich Pharmacal Company, whose list of veterinary specialties appears on page 25 (Adv. Dept.). ARTIFICIAL IMPREGNATION has long since passed the experimental stage and has become a safe and sure method of impregnating mares that could not be impregnated by regular service, as well as economising the vitality of stallions by impregnating several mares at one. service. THE SAFETY IMPREGNATING OUTFIT OF CRITTENDEN & Co., whose advertisement of all - manner of, stallion goods appears opposite, is the best apparatus on the market for the purpose. It having been demonstrated that a coal-tar dip is superior to any other for dipping sheep, from the fact that it is a germicide as well as an insecti- cide, healing shear-wounds, and really benefiting the wool, while many other dips damage or stain the wool, the selection of a coal-tar dip becomes the question. Kreso-Dip seems to be the answer. A booklet covering its many uses will be mailed free if a request is made to the manufacturers, Parke, Davis & Co., Detroit, Mich., mentioning the AMERICAN VETERINARY © REVIEW. 236 a —_" e PRACTICE FOR SALE. For SALE—An ideal town and country practice (including small hospital), in a town of 4.500 inhabitants and surrounded by best farming country in Iowa. Interested parties write for particulars. Address MT. PLEASANT VETERINARY HosPITAL, Mt. Pleasant, Iowa. PRACTICE FOR SALE. Veterinary practice in large western city, averaging $5,000 yearly. Established 18 years. Can show reasons and books. Price $1,000. Address A. G., care of AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW, 509 West 152d St., New York, N. Y. POSITION WANTED WITH VETERINARIAN. A young man with considerable practical experience, desires a position with a veterinarian with whom he hopes to gain knowledge that will aid him in graduatin from a veterinary school, while rendering his services to the practitioner. Has ha one year at college and can furnish good references. Address A. G. WILSON, 1112 S. Brown St., Dayton, O. REVIEWS WANTED. i February and August, 1908, and ig “comet 1905, numbers of AM. VET. REVIEW. Address AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW, 509 West 152d Street, New York, N. Y. WANTED.—Horses, Mares, Cats, Dogs, etc., afflicted with Cancer. Address Dr. S. STRAUSS, 111 West 119th St., New York City. ASSISTANT WANTED IN A MIXED CITY PRACTICE. An assistant wanted in a city practice, from June 1st to end of September. Must have had some practical experience. In replying state age, height, date of aduation, school graduated from, and amount of experience. Address M.C. K., are AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW, 509 West 152d Street, New York, N. Y. HALF OR WHOLE INTEREST IN VETERINARY PRACTICE FOR SALE. Non-graduate desiring to attend college in September, will sell whole or half interest in practice. Cheap. Address WM. G. JENNINGS, 196 Twelfth Street, ~ ay ARTIFICIAL Detroit, Mich. Stallion Good MARE IMPREGNATORS d Of 00 5 Impregnators for getting in foal from 1 to § mares from one service of a stallion or jack, $3.50 to $6.00, The popular Safety Impregnating Outfit, especially adapted for impregnating so-called barren and irregular breeding mares. $7.50. Breeders Bags, Serving Hobbles, Stallion Brid'es, Body Rollers, Shields, Supports. Emasculators, Ecreseurs, Service Books, etc. First quality goods only. All prepaid and guaranteed. Write for FREE Stallion Goods Catalogue. CRITTENDEN & CO.,bcePt.15 CLeEveLaND,OHi0. The Schwartz Veterinary Dental Instruments. JUSt Enovon These instruments are superior to any other and just as they want it. The right way to instruments for the purpose oe the ape salt animals is to let them help themselves. They have leverage, are adjustable to any angle and made of the best material. The price is Compressed right. s ‘Patented in the United States and Canada. Pure-Salt Bricks Are in use by the best veterinarians in the dnonr Patens Eeeders, supply mamaed dairy salt. world. Send for special offer for sixty days. They mean animal thrift. They cost but little. ‘ Convenient for you and your AGENTS WANTED, JOSEPH SCHWARTZ, Mfr., Lf animals suffer no neglect. Ask | @A rr your dealer and write us for 935-37-39 East Midland St., Bay City, Mich. ly 15 ig it ih 72 inl hen ei Amos! Popular Hypodenmic Syringe wih the Veterinary Medica! Proession, BU DAG Ce ay ERE aN AYTE AND. Substantial in Construction. *djqsuemyJoA4 Ul 399j19d DIMENSIONS OF CASE—6% inches in length, 2% inches wide, 2 inches deep, VETERINARY HYPODERMIC SYRINGE. In Morocco case, velvet lined, containing two straight needles, one-halfcurved needle for intra- venous injecticn, one trocar and canula, and twelve tubes for Hypodermic Tablets. Our Syringes are substantially made, especially for the use of Veterinary Sur- geons, with strong glass barrel of three drachms capacity, protected by fenestrated metal cylinder, with rings for thumb and fingers. . : i By removal of the lower metal end, one or more tablets may be placed directly in the syringe —replacing cap and attaching needle, water can then be drawn in upon the tablets and solution effected by shaking the syringe. Our syringes are made with needles to attach either by slide or screw-thread. In ordering specify which is preferred. Price of Syringe and case complete.............ceeeceeeeeeees = dr eip id. Caco a aatie $5.00 FOREEA TU GMEIOS, SLEBMENE, O56 posh vcuncc cuckiash ins eee awete cies voece cena 50 NotE—Advance in metal and leather goods compels us to restore price on our Hypo Syringe and case to former price, $5.00. BUNTIN DRUG GO’S VETERINARY BULB SYRINGE For administering Liquid Medicines to Horses and Cattle by the Mouth or Rectum : Every Syringe has Firm Name Stamped on the Hard Rubber Pipe LENGTH 10%% INCHES Consists of a substantial soft rubber bulb to which is attached a very strong. hardrubber pipe. In giving med- = icine or food with this Syringe there is no danger of in- juring the animat’s mouth or breaking the Syringe; any quantity, from a teaspoonful to two ounces may be given at one injection. BUNTIN DRUG CO., TERRE HAUTE, INDIANA Manufacturers of Veterinary Hypodermic Tablets and Hypodermic Syringes (Length 10% inches.) Prices Bulb Syringes, 75c. each; per half doz., $4.00; per doz., $7.50. BUNTIN DRUG COMPANY, 600 Wabash Avenue TERRE HAUTE, INDIANA. EIMER & AMEND, Agents, 205-211 Third Ave., New York. 16 BUNTIN DRUG CO.’S SOLUBLE HYPODERMIC TABLETS. VETERINARY. 7 Per tube of No. 10 tablets. ma a mia Aconitine, Crystals. jj1g.15-....'..cvamaiess++s seu Deb ST....canueaes foiz is §$ 115 Aconitine, Crystals...............s00 sescevceceseoes SOOT... csuuseys 13 19-8 too Aconitine, Crystals............. ee I-20 QT.... 206. bas 15 b = Barium Chlor,..........-0+- 7 gis. Sse Digitaline-.5viccsin.ss 0000502 3-32 Zt. 2 o5 ~ 1§2 Cardiac Tonic..... ese eee ee eee ee ete eer eeeeseee Pe ee ee ee eee 20 36 <— Digitaline Pure. Caweusbutes o¥ I-10 gr. Oonmsx Sparteine Sulph ............ I- 5 gr. ea eka: mais Gavin tay 1- 8 gr. < 102 Cocaine pe pare oa Rave ee er oaneweudews Pe Oe eee PWR as Csgss 30 = s gag Cocaine: Marint@.. oc iccs ie ves psccce sass Ge bees a cues eo 8. WPT ee Pe oe = 2 ¥25 Cocaine Muriate arene + eeeereseoeeseses 2 grs....... eee 45 ce r=) 120 Cocaine, 4% . for Veterinar Sy ie al aa in aia 5 = pr One tablet dissolved in 1 drachm of water makes an 8-per cent. solution. ) 3 103 Colchicine................ CAT See a a Oe ee np (=< s 326 Colchicine........ Skane ee meh are lated cae © oS ae rea GIRS I 20 °- 8 127 Colic (Knowles). COC RR Sees See seeereeeseee eee eeee eee twee eeseeces 5° (-*] Morphine Suiph........- 2 gts. oO Atropine Sulph... -ecoee I> 4 QT. "oO Aconite seas hen Eiaeunas e+seee I-20 QT. a oom & tog Coniine Hydrobromate........ ebbeee~esgeeeneeenes wig MD Blncc xadua ses 43 oOo = ° 128 Coniine Hydrobromate.... .....-2++++ eee Bids eveess o 4 eee ee ee ber 4 To5 Digitaline, Pure... ....0 -- eeseceeseseeeees eeeessack BoB OT iis) cas cass 12 ox Pp 129 Digitaline, Pure............ pbAAIN es HUAES CEaAG oot wee oe Bs 6 Bln ciinssa sence 20 ic a] 156 Ergotine....... diene deeb culievedaseiecchaniss Kone Re. cides ea tite = a. 157 Ergotine.......... ai sl eaiaed ase untaia lies eo GES ES EEE Be Bo 5 113 Eserine Salicylate. Pe Sonat Ves we Saraea Sande OES (Ae 2 Gala oe een 50 BS] = 133 Eserine Salicylate ......s.00---+++- SL SAREE Mee bikewe BBE s seks s cuss 75 — ss 2 134 Eserine Salicylate. SOOO SORE SEES Ser eeeeee Fhe I QT... cccccces I 25 Yt } oom a 135 Eserine lana Ses Vapor ew ew eee ws ie ned SSS RIE AR 55 I go S « SEEING CCOMNOUIG 5 5 oc begets 5 - ocae oneness cen «ose web esan'at pe gpiees a: 2:09 <— bo Eserine Salicylate ........ I- 4@r. . = Pilocarpine Muriate...,.... I- 2 gr. Sy Yo ww Strychnine eeees eeeee ®@eeeer I- 8 gr. 2 Son BR] 3 153 Eserine and Pilocarpine.... ... Bia Aes co ee onan eee” Paks ohn vo s's I 25 Sa. a he Meets. ..ccos5- Accs eee ef I- 2 gr. © Q PUTING. cans cit av sa 55 + ie. 4 oa EOS os CUE nas a Suhel adia sie oabestanbbanks cphs cae choi shes oo. 220 ff com eS 3 Eserine Salicylate Jeaeau cchewe MCs } 4 Pilocarpine Mur............. 3% gts. pe =< 8 be #4! ne ser! aes tse Fie ASaa Seuepade re Eis. 2ee eere Ae <— Q =) I yoscyamine Sulphate, Crystals.................... Poi PT. 7 Sa ee ; ; 108 Morphine Sulphate. eesseeeeseeeeeeseee eeeeceeeeeese PS QT iaee eeeeeeee oH 2) 136 Morphine Sulphate................ eesUes Stbaeesectve yt § i, eee ee 3° © 137 Morphine Sulphate.......cccccseceeece cececees ee ay Soe om 35 = I Morphine Sulphate.............e2sse-seeeeeceereesees 24%grs .. .... cece 45 155 Morphine Sulphate................. Si ga bebe ckseeieee er - Gs vis danenk 50 § 10g Morphine an Atropine ee ee ee @eeeeeeseeeeseer e@eesreees 45 ~'s { Morphine Sulph........ o-.-. 1% grs. ea > Atropine Sulph.............. % gr. ‘ 139 Morphineand Atropine ............ ...... MES cen. -- c05 Kenan sseneccose 4 tut Gres ay Suiph.issie.ss sss 1% gers. t Q Atropine Sulph ....... Seocee Oke = a menenne MMC AETOUEUC ... 55. fe ce ceheuenee Peeee> scene panmntrs © sces N re) { Morphine Sulphiiisceccesas 2 gts. L.. a Atropine Sulph............ +. I-4 gr. 141 Morphine and Atropine....... ........ -.. SES eae seeeeeeee. 60 | me (iter Sulph .2325.. oee-- 2% gts. t tal Atropine Salph. Retuaskaces I-4 gr. — 142 Nitroglycerine cpus AS aper eR Re Co Oe 12 a 143 Nitroglycerine....... < sccdSuvencctdues 27S Qite.s.. re... il em | 110 Pilocarpine Muriate, Crystals. ee Paes = a 2-2 Oks... F 50 jA¢@ 144 Pilocarpine Muriate, Crystals..... ee ee ae Ce @) 145 Pilocarpine Muriate, hao Valais pt inet prulece ss boe ec eS fs Ww 111 Sodium Arsenite. . RE Gad inekn eases 6 ceniin (i Ri bende pees s 12 112. Strychnine Sul ESL Oa AER Seebe see bass as ee: er es oh Io =. 147 Strychnine Sulphate .............. eoccceces coscececs I-2Z QT... cccceec IT — ~ 148 Strychnine Sulphate........ ces Mibeusenniceiviagmines its diab aes cimaee (2 149 Veratrine Muriate.................04- ry oe arerek ee epee ees 5 tso. Veratrine Muriate............ fel SEE caus Meee OT oka v ce 12 WS) "Please order by number. Goods sent post-paid to any part United States or Canada upon reeeipt of price. Nore—Strong advance in opium and its salts compel advance in prices tablets with morphine, 1% INDIANA VETERINARY COLLEGE Chartered by State of Indiana, December 24, 1892. NEXT SESSION BEGINS SEPT. 15, 1908 CLOSES APRIL 1, 1909. Tuition for the three term course : Freshman Term. Matriculation . $ 5.00 Tuition 80.00 Totel ici < $85.00 Junior Term. Matriculation . $ 5.00 Luition . 80.00 Total. : 3 $85.00 Senior Term. Matriculation $ 5.00 Tuition ‘ - 80.00 Graduation . 10.00 Total eT $95.00 Total cost of the threeterms $265.00 Paid in advance . . $235.00 Write for Catalogue to Prof. FERDINAND A. MUELLER, Ph. G., V. S., Indianapolis, Ind. Secretary NEW YORK STATE VETERINARY COLLEGE, ESTABLISHED AT CORNELL UNIVSRSITy, TTELACA, N. ZY. BY CHAPTER 153, LAWS OF 1894, The best equipment for scientific and practical instruction, for undergraduates and post graduates. Most varied practice for students in the free clinics. Regular graded course, three years of nine months each. Entrance by Regents’ ‘‘ Veterinary Student Certificate,” or by examination, September 21st, 1908. Matriculation September 29th, 1908. & w% & Tuition Free to New York State Students. For extended announcement address, Professor VERANUS A. MOORE, Director. NOTICE. A NEW STOMACH TUBE For use in horses with ACUTE INDIGESTION ; one that proves itself a winner in each case where atubeis needed. This tubeas with all other instruments is claimed by the originators to be the best, and if demonstrations could be shown to all we are sure they would say it does the work. This tube is double throughout its length—ten feet—made of the best of soft rubber, it having two separate openings or one inlet, the other outlet. The outlet is large enough so that a half kernel of corn can come away easily. The tube is easily passed through the mouth with the use of a speculum. Price $| 5.00 sent C. O. D. to all parties. For any particulars address, KNISELY & STALLSMITH, 1117-1119 KANSAS AVE., TOPEKA, KANSAS. CHICAGO VETERINARY COLLEGE 2537 and 25390 State Street, Chicago, Ills. Organized and Incorporated under the Laws of the State of Illinois, 1883. Reguiar Session commences the first week in October in cach yeas. For Prospectus giving all information as to curriculum, fees. etc., addres# the President. JOSEPH RUGHES, M.R.C.V.S., 2537 and 2539 State St., Chicago. Mia 1 EMERGENCY BAG INO. A. Best black grain leather, leather lined, with loops, straps and pockets. Flaps on s wings for holding in- struments. Price, size 8 x10x15.-.$8.00 oc BislOx 16.68.50 + Bis 10x17. SOS Sterilizing Pans, each, HAUSSMANN ease & DUNN CO. Manufacturers 2nd Veterinary Instruments, Text Books, Etc. 392 SOUTH CLARK ST., CHICAGO, ILL. Write for Illustrated Catalogue We quote from the latest report published on ANTIPERIOSTIN, | A new therapeutic agent—a distinct chemical body, no secret combination—for the successful treatment of all exostoses and bursal enlargements, bony growths and galls, splint, spavin; requiring only one application. The experiences so far had with Antiperiostin can be summed up as follows: ‘‘The most gratifying objects for treatment with Antiperiostin are found next to galls (especially the usually so obstinate thoroughpin). in exostsoses, particularly those that are cir- cumscribed irrespective of size, age or seat, whether metacarpus, tarsus or maxilla. Antiperios- tin ought to appeal to the practitioner on account of its convenient form of application. It will poe be resorted to in all those cases where the patient for reasons of economy cannot be ept from work very long, or where the owner cannot be relied tS to carry out the other kinds of © Jehopsdeci which are cumbersome and of long duration. That most constant feature, the quick disappearance of lameness, will always assure the remedy many devotees. It is, of course, essential that .the OY ie be performed strictly according to directions, and if at all possible, by the Veterinarian himself, after other necessary changes, such as correcting shoeing, etc., have been givenattention. With this proviso there is a great futurein store for ANTIPERIOSTIN.” ERNST BISCHOFF & CO., 15 Cedar Street, . - . - . New York City. Continued on adv. page 19. 1 Results secured in both hospital and private practice have demonstrated to veterinarians that THE CURE OF COUGHS, BRONCHITIS, PNEUMONIA, LARYNGITIS, ETC. IN HORSES AND DOGS can be effected with greater certainty and promptness by the use of Glycn-Bernin (Smith) than by the employment of any other remedy extant. COUGHS.—Glyco-Heroin (Smith) checks cough instantly, relieves obstruction of the breathing passages, liquefies the mucus, allays the pain, subdues nervousness, abates the fever and induces restful sleep. Relief is immediate and recovery is rapid. PNEUMONIA.—Glyco-Heroin (Smith) relieves the congestion, disperses en- gorgement, reduces the fever, sustains heart action, calms nervous excitement, renders respiration free and regular and shortens the duration of the disease. It conserves strength and forestalls the development of fatal complications. BRONCHITIS.— Glyco-Heroin (Smith) allays inflammation of the bronchial tubes, arrests the cough, begets free breathing, dispels fever, liquefies the bronchial secretions, restores the appetite, and prevents the disease from assuming the chronic form. LARYNGITIS.—Glyco-Heroin (Smith) relieves inflammation of the larynx and tenderness of the throat, abates the fever, allays the pain, checks the cough, promotes the appetite and induces quiet sleep. DOSE.—The dose for horses and cattle is one ounce every two or three hours. For dogs, ten drops to half-teaspoonful. SUBSTITUTION. —To insure entirely satisfactory results, it is vitally important that veterinarians emphasize name “Smith” when purchasing or prescribing Glyco- f Heroin (Smith), for many worthless substitutes for the remedy are offered by unscrupulous dealers. LITERATURE.— Exhaustive clinical reports from the y foremost hospitals and members of the veterinary profession : will be sent, post paid, on request MARTIN H. SMITH COMPANY, NEW YORK I i ks bie inl aaa AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW. JUNE, 1909. EDITORIAL. EUROPEAN ‘CHRONICLES. Paris, April 15, 1909. OcuLo anp Cutaneous Tupercutin Tests—TI would scarcely entertain our readers any more on the various new tests of tuberculin, and yet must they not know of the apprecia- _ tion which exists among practitioners besides those that I have alluded to already? After all, it is most likely that only from _ the results recorded by those who have made special experi- ] ments that the value and the indications of cutaneous or ocular _ tests will be accepted and will enter into common practice. On this account, let us examine what some German writers have _ said in the Berliner Tierarztliche W ochenschrift. A Doctor Reinecke has made minute study of the question, reviewed all that has been done, criticises it, and after examin- ing the works carried out by most French observers, he says: That with Prof. Eber he has experimented the different methods _ of tuberculination, either by the cutaneous or the ophthalmic : reaction method, and that out of 25 animals tested by the dermo- reaction, one only gave him a slight reaction and that at autopsy no lesion could be found. In the 24 others two had lesions, _ although among them six had also reacted to sub-cutaneous a injection of tuberculin. With the ocular test five animals were _ used, three gave a slight reaction, two had lesions, two which ~ had not reacted had no lesion, and the last neither, although he 237 238 EDITORIAL. had reacted to the instillation in the eye. The conclusions are: It is doubtful if the cuti or the oculo-reaction can give as godd results as those obtained with the sub-cutaneous injection. Another experimentator, Doctor Wolfel, has also made ex- tensive tests. In one upon 57 animals and in another upon 13 cows clinically tuberculous and on three suspected steers. For those, he used the ocular tests, the animals having also received a sub-cutaneous injection of tuberculin. The following are the conclusions arrived at: Ist. All the animals that react with the sub-cutaneous in- jection of tuberculin do not, however, always give a positive re- action. — 2d. The subcutaneous injections made before the installation in the eye, does not interfere with the results in any way. 3d. Reaction is better noticed between the 12th and 18th hour after the instillation. Ath. It is not accompanied with any hyperthemia. Conclusions: The operation has no great practical value. And yet in the Deuts. Tierars. Woch., Garth, Kranich and Grunert admit that the oculo-reaction is a sure means of diag- nosis, simpler and quicker than tuberculinization; while the cutt- reaction seemed much more uncertain and for them has no diagnostic value. In the Monatsch. fiir Praktische Thier., Klemmer and Kiessig consider the ophthalmic-conjunctivo re- actions as a precious method. And as long as I am writing on tuberculin test, let me men- tion the one which I just find in the Presse Medicale, the Rhino- reaction, although it will not be practical for veterinarians, but that the authors recommend as superior to the oculo-test, be- cause of its harmless effects. It consists in a reaction with peculiar constant characters manifested by an exudate, which forms and dries up upon the congested mucous membrane of the nose as a small vellowish crust, which drops after a while or can be removed with forceps. The method of application is very simple. A small billet of wadding is dipped in a solu- Te RO ree eh * EDITORIAL, 239 tion of tuberculin, I per cent., and applied on the nasal mucous membrane where it must remain for ten minutes. This is suf- ficient to obtain the reaction, which begins between 18 and 48 hours after and lasts for several days. The authors have tested the method in 100 cases and have obtained excellent results. * ok * Sus-CUTANEOUS AND INTRA-DERMOo TeEsts.—This general apparent diversity of opinions of the preceding experimenta- tors as to the value of the various tuberculin tests in question, reminds me of the similar appreciation given by other experi- mentators. And it seems as if all the new methods of tubercu- losis diagnosis with tuberculin, such as the ophthalmo, the cut), the dermo reactions, while they may sometimes be resorted to and perhaps give indications as to the condition of the animal and upon which one could depend, they, however, cannot enter into the general practice except in some special given circum- stances. . _ An exception, nevertheless, to this may be made in favor of the most recent application, that of the intra-dermal injection patronized by Prof. Moussu. The experiments made with it have been gathered and they form to-day a very imposing repre- sentation of successful tests. The results are said to be coNn- STANT, and besides the general advantages of being applicable to all other species of animals, the porcine, for instance, it is strictly specific to tuberculosis. With non-tuberculous animals or in those that are affected with other diseases the result is always negative. Even Prof. Vallee, who at first seemed to be unwilling to accord to it a better appreciation than the one which he accepted for the other tests, is to-day acknowledging it as the test of choice, superior to any other methods of “local reaction.” With Vallee it-has given a special immediate manifestation on the spot of inoculation, whose importance seems to be of some value, although not present in every case, finally it is to be recom- 240 EDITORIAL, mended in all doubtful instances, and if the results should be doubtful, a confirmation should be looked for with the sub- cutaneous injection, which is always (and principally with ani- mals recently purchased), the best method, especially if the in- jection of a double dose of tuberculin is used, when fraud is suspected and with taking the records of the temperature from the 12th hour. Resorting to these methods appear to be the answer to the good editor of the Semaine Veterinaire, who put the ques- tion as to what conduct should be followed by the testing veteri- narian, so as to avoid all kind of blame or difficulties in cases of discussion occurring before a court in law suits. * * a OccuLtt TuBERcuLosis.—In last month’s chronicle, speak- ing of the anatomical characters of the tuberculosis infection, I recorded the statement of Prof. Arloing: “‘ Tuberculous in- fection does not necessarily impose the apparition or the pres- ence of macroscopic lesions.” Again, in a more recent publica- tion, the learned gentleman referred to the fact that positive reactions of tuberculin may perfectly take place with manifest or concealed tuberculous infection. Thus alluding to the obser- vations made. by him in the many years of his researches on tuberculosis. , Lately in the Recueil de Medecine Veterinaire, Vallee has written an article on “ Occult Tuberculosis,’ confirmation and explanatory of the allusions I just made above. Let me re- sume it. The attention of veterinarians and specially of meat inspect- ors must be called to the fact that the invasion of the glandulai tissue, in animals as well as in man, whether in natural or ex- perimental conditions, does not always give rise to the rapid realization of manifest macroscopic lesions and that a transitory condition of the bacillar infection may last for a varied length of time, sometimes very long. This condition that Germans call Jatent tuberculosis, Vallee names it occult. It refers evi- EDITORIAL, 241 ‘dently also to the concealed lesions of Arloing. These forms of ‘tuberculosis are not a new discovery. Mentioned since 1880 by investigating human physicians, it was shown by their re- searches that there exits in man an occult glandular tuberculosis, which is not revealed by microscopic examination nor histo- logical control, but is only made manifest by inoculation to the guinea pigs. Of course, veterinarians became interested and Orth, Arloing, Lignieres, Vallee, Joest and his assistants Noack and. Liebrecht, etc., brought out proofs that in various circum- stances thoracic and abdominal lymphatic glands apparently healthy, but taken from animals which had reacted to tuberculin, did not present any apparent lesions of tuberculosis. And in many instances by inoculation to guinea pigs it was demon- strated that these organs were virulent although they appeared macroscopically healthy. An important confirmation of Ar- loing’s words: “The means of experimental diagnosis reveal the bacillar infection rather than the presence of tuberculous lesions.” And this probably could explain the pretended failures of tuberculin. “It is then allowed to comprehend the disagree- ing records, more apparent than real, that are exhibited between the experimental diagnosis and the post-mortem one.” Prof. Vallee concludes his article in recommending the sys- tematic research of occult tuberculosis, specially to sanitary in- spectors. He gives some indications which are doubtful in their results. Finally, he ends in saying that many cannot be sus- pected nor discovered except by inoculation to guinea pigs. A process that one cannot think of resorting to very commonly. * Cutcaco StocK YARDS AND VETERINARY INSPECTION.—l do not know exactly what may have been the immediate results of the campaign carried on some time ago against the stock- yards of Chicago and about the Sanitary Veterinary Service in the United States. What was said and written against them must, however, have brought some changes and probably im- 242 EDITORIAL, provements. To appreciate those, a visit to the Stock Yards would impose itself. And it is just what a “ Special Sanitary Commissioner of the Lancet” has done. In the Veterinary Record of April 3, under the heading of “Chicago Stock Yards Revisited,” the gentleman gives a con- cise appreciation of what he has seen and brings out points which, I think, for the respect and dignity to the profession, sanitary veterinarians referred to, ought to be acquainted with. The article of the Special Sanitary Commissioner of the Lancet treats of three points which I take the liberty to re- produce. Ist. THe INCREASED NUMBER OF INSPECTORS. He says: “To analyze the new laws that have been enacted in response “to the agitation against the Chicago Stock Yards would take “much time and space. I am anxious to record my personal “impressions on revisiting the Stock Yards now that better “laws exist, and improvements have been effected. But laws “are not of much use unless there is an effective machine for “putting them into force. At the commencement of the year ‘1906 it was publicly stated that the Federal Government of “the United States employed in the packing houses of the en- “tire country a total of 411 inspectors, and it was then cal- “culated that if these inspectors were on duty for eight hours “during 300 days in the year they would have to examine 105 “animals per hour. Dr. A. D. Melvin, Chief of the Bureau “of Animal Industry, last October very courteously wrote to “me, saying: “ [Mr. Pruneau and Mr. Castaing, Army Veter.|.—This ani- mal has been subject to colics. These are never severe and have readily yielded to treatment. This time she exhibits similar symptoms and after an opiate drench is relieved. She remains apparently well until late in the day when the colics return and rapidly increase in severity. Conjunctiva are injected, pulse small and thready, respiration short and hurried, no tympanitis. The animal looks towards her right flank, throws herself down and assumes a dorsal decubital position, where she seems to find some relief or at least some ease. Rectal examination is negative. In the middle of the night she dies. Post-mortem: Sero-bloody effusion in the abdomen. Stomach largely distended and con- taining but little food. The last portion of the small intestines is invaginated in the czecum and the invagination protruding in that cavity measures about 4 meters. There is a strong con- striction at the cecal entrance and a fold of the mesentery sur- rounds the small intestines at that point somewhat straneulating it. The invaginated portion is thickened, softened and in a state of partial mortification. There was also a small tumor on the in- vaginated intestines as big as a hen’s egg, which was certainly the cause of this rare accident.—( Recueil de Medec. Veter.) HycroMA AT THE POINT OF THE STERNUM [Mr. A. Louis|.—Prof. Moussu has written that such cases were rare. On this account the author recalls this case which he has ob- served in his practice. Normand cow, in pregnancy, in excel- lent condition, has at the point of the sternum a semi-spherical tumor, painless, fluctuating, and large enough to interfere with locomotion. It has been punctured once and yellow fluid has escaped, but the puncture has closed and the growth has returned. An aseptic puncture is made and followed by a free incision. After the escape of all the fluid an injection of solution of iodine was made and quick recovery followed.—(Jbid.) Tae ee ee a ae ABSTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 308 ITALIAN REVIEW. By Prof. A. LIAUTARD, M.D., V.M. DistocaTtED Movine CrySTALLINE LENS IN A Cat [Dr. Nello Mori|.—Old common-bred cat presented an abnormality of the right eye. In the anterior chamber there is a foreign body moving with every motion of the eye and having no adhesion with the surrounding structures. The pupil is widely dilated and remains insensible to the effects of strong light thrown in the eye. The foreign body has the form of a lens with convex sur- faces, and the borders rounded. It is opaque, white in color and has a tendency to become more of a spherical shape. On ac- count of the dilatation of the pupil, it can travel in the eye with- out touching the pupillary margin. Convinced that it was a dis- location of the crystalline lens the author did not examine the eye with the ophthalmoscope but resorted to the test of light according to the method of Purkinge-Sanson to control his diag- nosis. The other eye was normal. After examining the same cat three days after it was observed that the anterior chamber was clear. The lens had disappeared. Had it been absorbed, or passed in the posterior chamber? Another Purkinge-Sanson test proved that it was not certainly in its normal position. At any rate, it was not absorbed, as a short time later the crystalline lens was again found and still floating in the anterior chamber.— (Il Nuove Ercolani.) PRIMITIVE SARCOMA OF THE KIDNEY IN A Cat [Dr. Gio- vanni Vallillo]|—While the cases of observations of tumors of the kidneys in the domestic animals are quite frequent, the author remarks that he has failed in finding a single case relating to cats. The case which he says was published by Prof. Petit, of Alfort, referred to one animal which had previously been oper- ated for a tumor of the mamme and probably the lesions found at the post-mortem were secondary tumors. For his own case, the animal had died from catarrhal gastro-enteritis, of which he had all the lesions with, besides pathological condition of the kidneys, which he describes as one of the globo-cellular sarcoma with small round cells —(La Clin. Veterina. ) 304 ABSTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. UTERINE PERFORATION BY THE PENIS OF THE MALE DurR- ING CoPULATION IN A HetFEer ! Dr. Raggero Fracaro|.—Only 18 months old, this young animal, rather of a delicate build, was covered by a strong and very robust bull. After being served, she looked dull and returned to her stall in walking slowly, a few meters away. In that short journey about one tablespoonful of blood and the dripping of a few drops after were passed from the vulva. She manifested some pains, def- ecated and urinated quite repeatedly. She refused all food, and did not take any drinks. When the writer visited her she was in about that same condition, had no fever and her pulse was fairly good. But rumination had stopped entirely. By vaginal explor- ation, only a little clot of blood was noticed on the anterior half of the vagina. Observitig nothing else apparently abnormal, the condition was considered as the result of a first coit and the ani- mal was left alone and watched. Soon, however, the condition seemed to grow worse, the symptoms became alarming and finally it was decided to send the animal to the slaughter house for the butcher. At the dressing of the carcass the uterus was found containing a large clot of blood partly firm and partly in state of decomposition. The mucous membrane was impreg- nated with coloring substances giving it a bluish aspect. Out- side the uterus, near the border of the broad ligament, there is a clot of blood also quite large. There was on the superior wall of the uterine neck a solution of continuity some 4 centimeters long which involved the mucous and muscular coats. The peri- toneal covering of the organ was intact. This solution of con- tinuity, quite small, was concealed by the folds of the uterine mucus. It was quite difficult to discover it at first—(La Clin. Veterin. ) Mep1ian CuHeILoscuisis [Dr. Oreste Fantin].—Harelip is not as common in solipeds as in some other species, hence the following may be of interest. The subject was an old horse which on account of excessive lameness by spavins was about to be destroyed. The peculiar aspect of the upper lip called the attention of the writer. It was divided on the median line in two equal symmetrical halves which, while they hang down over the lower lip, left between them in the middle a triangular empty © space. The lip had its perfect motions. The upper maxillary had also its incisive teeth but the nippers were not close to each other; they were separated by a space of about 2 centimeters, ARSTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 305 which was occupied by a mucous membrane much thickened, hard and resembling that of the upper jaw of cattle. The six teeth were there, but their arrangement had made the dental arch of the lower jaw also the seat of irregularity and the teeth met in forming a much inclined plane. The inferior teeth did not seem to have the same hard structure and the motions of mastication were executed more like that of cattle, that is from side to side instead of from upwards downwards.—(La Clin. Veterin.) A MEmorIAL TO THE LATE PRoFEssor WiTHERS.—Richard J. Withers, M. D., V. S., the subject of the bust portrayed else- where in this issue, was born in Luxboro, Bornsey, Hampshire, England, August 9, 1835, and died at Los Angeles, Cal., May 15, 1904. In 1883, with Joseph Hughes, M. R. C. V. S., and Austin H. Baker, V. S., he organized the Chicago Veterinary College, becoming president of the institution and retaining this position until his death. He so endeared himself to the students of the college that a popular movement has been started by the alumni to erect a permanent memorial to him. This movement has re- sulted in the creation of the bust, the plaster cast of which is at present at the college in Chicago, where it has been submitted _ for the criticism and consideration of the faculty and alumni. It is hoped to raise enough money by popular subscription to have this reproduced in bronze and placed permanently in the college. The bust is the work of Herbert M. Dawley, of Buffalo, _N. Y., and is pronounced by those who have seen it as being an unusually faithful reproduction of the features of the former president. This is especially noteworthy in view of the fact that the subject was wholly unknown to the sculptor, he being forced to work entirely from three photographs loaned by Drs. Sayre and Ulm, and from criticisms and suggestions offered by Dr. Frank A. Crandall, curator of the Buffalo Zoo, Dr. George A. Lytle, inspector of meats, United States Army, and Dr. E. J. McLeod, general practitioner, all of whom reside in Buffalo at present and were students under Dr. Withers. | The bust will be in Chicago during the meeting of the A. V. _ M. A. in September, and it is hoped that all those who are inter- _ ested in this movement will take advantage of the opportunity _ to inspect the work. Any suggestions, criticisms or comments will be gladly received by either Prof. Hughes, Dr. Crandall or _ Mr. Dawley, the sculptor. | CORRESPONDENCE. THE APPROACHING MEETING OF THE A. V. M. A. Confronted with the realization that time will permit of but two more chances to place before the readers of the AMERICAN VETERINARY REviEw thoughts of the approaching forty-sixth annual convention of the American Veterinary Medical Asso- ciation, and that it is time to culminate our plans to spell our- ‘selves from the routine and exactness of business to journey to the meeting in Chicago during the early days of September, 1 am prompted to solicit space, thus endeavoring to stimulate general interest and co-operation; this that, working hand in hand, veterinarians may collectively aid towards making the ap- proaching meeting the greatest ever. Situated in a geographical centre, Chicago, with its multi- tudinous facilities towards furnishing entertainment, naturally lends stimulus to a determination to attend the approaching international (Canada and the United States) convention. Let us not, however, allow entertainment to act as the only stimu- lating force, but recollect that there will be representatives from the entire North American continent, thus affording opportunity for reunion, for lending further strength to the fraternalism that even now binds the practitioners of the adjoining countries, for opportunity to broaden the scope and enhance the value of our veterinary services by observation, discussion and by seeing or aiding in the practical demonstrations; indeed, all this is amply guaranteed by the environment of the local stock markets, abbatoirs, facilities for both pathological exhibits and clinical demonstrations and further by the literary attractions planned and accessible for the hours of convention week. The state, provincial and municipal veterinary organizations, appreciating the worth and important character of these great international meetings, have selected delegates to the conven- tion. This mingling with men of local and international repute it is anticipated will create an enthusiasm which will be carried | back to the home bodies where many valued thoughts, observa- tions and advances gathered through attendance with this grear- ‘est body of veterinary surgeons ever assembled in annual con- 306 | Se ee Te ee ee CORRESPONDENCE. 307 vocation may be discussed, extolled and spread broadcast. AI- though it is believed that later meetings of the subsidiary bodies will further swell the delegate list we have at this writing knowledge of the following official delegated representatives : Bureau of Animal Industry, Veterinary Inspectors’ Associa- tion—Dr. A. L. Faunce. Central Canada Veterinary Association—Drs. W. C. Mc- Guire and A. E. James. Chicago Veterinary Society—Entire membership not affili- ated with the A. V. M. A. Indiana State Veterinary Association vitation and promises a big delegation. Keystone Veterinary Medical Association—Drs. J. W. Van- sant, A. W. Ormiston, Chas. Lintz, Thomas Kelly and Stephen Lockett. Maine Veterinary Medical Association—Dr.. A. L. Murch. Michigan State Veterinary Medical Association—Dr. T. G. Duff. Veterinary Medical Association of New ite Ace _to be named at the Atlantic City meeting in July. : North Dakota Veterinary ‘Association—Drs. FE. J. Walsh, _C. H. Babcock, W. S. Stinson and C. H. Martin. Ontario Veterinary Association—Dr. E. A. A. Grange. ; Pennsylvania State Veterinary Medical Association—Drs. Bradley, G. G. Blank and F. H. McCarthy. Schuylkill Valley Veterinary Association—Drs. D. R. Koh- ler, W. G. Huyett and O. G. Noack. St. Louis Society of Veterinary Inspectors—Drs. T. B. Pote and Henry Burke. Texas Veterinary Medical Association—Drs. T. W. Matson and A. H. Wallace. York County Veterinary Medical Society—Such members as attend will act as the official delegates. The program, as yet far from complete and even now ear- nestly calling for more literary contributions, presents attractive. features—a session for the reading and discussion of papers contributed by members of the committee on diseases, the sub- _ject-matter being mainly rabies, pernicious anemia (swamp _fever), and a general discourse upon American animal diseases, their control and recognition. | : The committee on “intelligence and education will lay before _the convention information pertaining to that important feature Acknowledges in- 3808 CORRESPONDENCE. of modern veterinary science: improved educational and ad- vanced sanitary control problems; these, though perhaps bore- some in detail, are assuredly of no little importance to the pres- ent as well as the future veterinary surgeon. Are they not the substantial stepping-stones in the uplifting and opening oppor- tunities of our science? The topic of the day, “ pure and wholesome milk,”’ goes not unrecognized. A session will be devoted to this all-important and opportunity offering branch of modern veterinary science. We as veterinarians need this valuable instruction to adequately prepare ourselves to intelligently talk upon the subject and to competently fill places now all too frequently ignored by us and commonly occupied by laity unskilled with animal disease prob- lems. These features, though speaking volumes, are not all. Those in attendance will have occasion to listen to and to discuss papers that assuredly will appeal to the ambitious practitioner. They are offered by such men as R. A. Archibald, of California; W. B. Craig, Indiana; F. F. Brown, Missouri; G. H. Glover and B. F. Kaupp, of Colorado; F. S. Schoenleber, Kansas; William Herbert Lowe, Associate Editor of the AMERICAN VETERINARY Review ;,H. F, Palmer, Illinois; J. W. Parker, Texas; EF. A. A. Grange, Ontario, and, unquestionably, many other contributors dilatory in announcing their intended contributions which will be filled with valuable and interesting information. The social ‘features, sight-seeing trips, |renewed acquaint- ances, reception and banquet, with ladies included, should by no means be ignored; the local committee of arrangements will make these sufficient to cause comment should we abstain from attendance. But after all has been said, let us analyze upon and admit the purport of this preliminary announcement. We want all veterinary surgeons, members and others, to plan to attend the great meeting. You don’t have to be members, but, none the less, we do most energetically urge you to become so if possible. Why?. Principally because your membership will lend materially in the further upbuilding of your chosen calling and opportunity-offering profession; it does not matter if you are in the army, federal meat inspection service, a municipal officer, practitioner or what not, we need you, and hope that our force and power for good is sufficient to demonstrate that you need us. The annual dues are small, the benefits great—prestige, broadened fellowship, valuable free publications, advanced but CORRESPONDENCE. 309 sound ideas, professional progressiveness, opportunity to influ- ence public opinion, etc. If you contemplate membership do not hesitate, and early application will greatly facilitate and lighten the burden of work of the secretary, which naturally increases as the time of the convention approaches. Come, veterinarians, meet your Canadian, your United States confreres. We are determined that we ‘need you, and, to reiterate, honestly believe that you can be materially benefited by fellowship in the A. V. M. A., the largest organized body of veterinarians in the world, but not as large or yet as influential as American veterinarians should make it. We trust that the force of this assertion will appeal to members as well as non- members, and in closing bid you all a hearty welcome to our deliberations and thus early to permit you to make your plans for Chicago. RicHARD P. LyMAN, Secretary. A PREJEVALSKY COLT. New York ZooLoGicAL Park, NEw York, May 10, 1909. To the Editors of the AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW: DeEAR Strs—lI enclose a photograph of the first Prejevalsky colt born in America. This interesting event occurred on May 2d. and had been anxiously awaited for a number of days. Hap- pily the mare foaled without assistance. The Prejevalsky horse is of special interest owing to the fact that it is the nearest approach among wild horses and zebras to the domestic horse of civilization, and also supplies an im- portant link in the chain of evolution which reaches down from the three-toed horse to the domestic animal of to-day. The Prejevalsky wild horse comes from the great Sungarian Desert, in Central Asia, and is a recent discovery of a Russian explorer named Prejevalsky. Owing to the remoteness of the region inhabited by this species and the fact that they keep to the wildest part of the desert, and are very hard to approach, the capture of these ani- mals is a matter of great difficulty and expense. The cost of a pair delivered in America is about $5,000. pole CORRESPONDENCE. In appearance the Prejevalsky horse is somewhat smaller than the domestic horse. It also differs from the typical equus in having a short, erect mane, and in having no fore- lock. The long hairs of the tail, instead of commenc- ing at the base, do not begin until half way down the tail. In this respect the Prejevalsky horse is intermediate be- tween the true horse and the asses. The whole general color is of a yellowish drab, paler and whitish beneath, and reddish on the head. The legs are reddish-brown to the knees and thence blackish to the hoofs. While the animal is of small stature, under fourteen hands, the legs, however, are thick and strong and the head is large and heavy. | Respectfully yours, W. Rem BLrarr. Tue Board of Review of the National Trotting Association held its semi-annual meeting in the Murray Hill Hotel, New York City, last week. SOCIETY MEETINGS. MINNESOTA STATE VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSO- CIATION. Meeting was called to order by President Amos, at 10 A. M., January 13, 1909, at the Merchants’ Hotel, St. Paul. Roll call showed that there were fifty members present. The minutes of the last meeting were read and approved. President Amos then presented the following address: PRESIDENT Amos’ ADDRESS. Members of the Minnesota State Veterinary Medical Asso- ciation—Another new year has been entered upon. We, as part of the people of the busy world, would enter to-day on duties and work of the coming twelve months towards the advancement and betterment of the veterinary profession. The prospects ahead of us are bright, infinitely better than at _ the entrance of the year that has just come to an end. Great advancement has been made along scientific lines, aerial, submarine, terrestrial, and professional. With the continuance of bettered conditions, 1909 should ful- fill the wishes that have been made for a prosperous and a happy New Year. The past twelve months have been eventful ones; 1908 has made more history than most years of the decade; the new year just entered upon, especially the first two months, it will be well to watch. Elections are over, legislators have met, and it be- hooves our legislative committees to be ever on the alert to see that no deleterious legislation is sprung on us and allowed to be- come law without due consideration for the welfare and benefit of the veterinary profession. New legislation and increased appropriations will be asked for, both for our laboratory work and our live stock sanitary board. The laboratory for experimental work and for the propaga- tion of hog cholera vaccine, the live stock sanitary board, so that they will not be crippled in the future, financially, as they have been in the past. 311 312 ; SOCIETY MEETINGS. By using our influence with the legislators from our re- spective districts, we can have them prepared for the project when it is introduced on the floor of the legislature, have them posted and their support secured in advance of the vote on the respective bills. We have had outbreaks of contagious diseases during the year, but, owing to the advancement of veterinary science and the better facilities of handling the outbreaks, the infection, to a certain extent, has been controlled. A noteworthy fact, as demonstrated during the past year, is the efficiency of hog cholera vaccine; demonstrations have shown that hog cholera in the future can be successfully handled and that the loss is comparatively small where vaccination has been re- sorted to. We are here to do business as well as to become better ac- quainted with the members of our own profession in our own state, and for social intercourse and entertainment. Your board of directors, after considering the matter, decided to call the meeting of the first day, at nine o’clock in the fore- noon instead of afternoon, so that we could get through with our election of officers, etc., and not need to hold a night session. The time of the night session to be given over to a banquet at the Merchants’ Hotel the first night. With these few remarks, I will take up no more of your valu- able time, having quite a lengthy and instructive program ahead of you. TREASURER’S REPORT. The Treasurer was called upon for his report, which he gave as follows: July 10, 1908, balance in ePASULY.: ii a ee $190 II Initiation fees ee... we. ee, 27 0O December 7, anige: dueSae.....-. et. . eee, 50 $217 61 January 9, 1900, mespursemeents.... cae... oun. ae, 64 35 Balance in tremstiy.. 2... si os $153 26 It was moved, seconded and carried that this report be re- ferred to the Finance Committee. SOCIETY MEETINGS. 318 A report on bacteriology was read by Dr. W. L. Beebe, which proved to be very interesting. “The Use of Aconite in Inflammatory Conditions,” by Dr. D. M. Campbell ; “The Use of Tuberculin in Man,” by Dr. H. L. Taylor, and ‘‘ Acute Laminitis,” by O. C. Selby, M.D.C., were papers of much merit. J. N. Gould, M.D.C., presented an in- teresting report on the “ Phenal in Tetanus,” and Dr. Bennet Porter gave his experience in “ Dystocia in the Sow.” REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON SURGERY (Chas. E. Cotton, Chair- man. ) It has been the custom in this society to hear from the chair- man of the Committee on Surgery a resume of the new theories, operations and treatments that have been advanced during the year by members of our own and the sister profession. I have endeavored, with my limited opportunity, to prepare such a re- port. THE SURGICAL VALUE OF JopINE.—The veterinarian has for years used iodine, either in the form of the tincture or combined with other vesicants in alcoholic solution as a counter-irritant for localized inflammation of vaginal sheaths of tendons, in synovitis and often in periostitis, with happy results. It is claimed that Elsberg’s solution, which is a 20 per cent. solution in alcohol and ether, while the tincture is a 7 per cent. alcoholic solution, will produce the same results as three applica- tions of the ordinary tincture. This preparation is very valuable in the treatment of acute lymphangitis. It should be applied to the upper part of limb for an area eighteen inches wide and com- pletely encircling the limb. Dr. Veranus Moore, in the first edition of his pathology, stated that iodine was the one drug that would destroy and pre- vent the infection of the umbilical cord. I very forcibly remem- ber the unpleasant experiences I had on a stock farm the first year following the founding of this farm, as a result of this i in- fection. Four very valuable colts died. Immediately after the publishing of Dr. Moore’s pathology, I proceeded to have his instructions followed to the letter in the care of the umbilicus of foals. Since this has been carried out for a period of several years, only one colt has died as a result of this infection. This animal did not receive the treatment for some twenty hours after birth. 314 SOCIETY MEETINGS. Iodine is useful in stimulating sluggish granulations, such as an indolent ulcer. Apply the pure tincture directly to the granu- lation tissue. In the treatment of gangrenous ulcers the direct application of iodine will limit the extension of the process, hasten sloughing, lessen discharge and act as a deodorant. Dannreuther, in the Medical Record, states that in his ser- vice at a Jersey hospital, he treated in the neighborhood of eight hundred patients with accidental wounds of all descriptions. “We all know what the ordinary scalp wound looks like— laceration, hemorrhage, dirt, hair and sometimes vermin. And even with thorough cleansing, suture and gauze dressing (and dusting powders), we find that many of these wounds become infected, and if neglected, subsequently the pus may undermine the whole scalp.” Dannreuther made it his practice in all scalp, incised, punc- tured and lacerated wounds, after thorough shaving, washing with green soap and water and otherwise procuring cleanliness as nearly as possible, to inject tincture of iodine directly into the wound with an ordinary dropper. Enough sutures were then introduced to obtain complete coaptation, and a wet gauze dress- ing applied. It is important that this dressing be kept wet until there is primary union. He considers this the very best method of procuring sterilization of a dirty wound. He does not include such conditions as a large lacerated wound where there is a great deal of contusion. Here sloughing naturally occurs, and iodine or any other such agent will not prevent it. ; He says, however, it will limit the formation of pus. In such a case free drainage with constant hot wet dressings is a much better procedure than sutures. Practically all the accidental wounds that a veterinarian is called to treat are of the same character, and I have given Dann- reuther’s treatment for infected wounds for the reason that the majority of us have been under the impression that iodine was too much of an irritant to a fresh wound to secure healing by first intention after its application. Dr. W. L. Williams, in a paper presented to the Veterinary Medical Association of New York City on the “ Systemic Hand- ling of Wound Infection,” states that the virtue of iodine given internally in the form of iodide of potash as systemic disinfectant has been clearly demonstrated clinically in the chronic wound in- fection of actinomycosis and botryomycosis. Sa eee a SOCIETY MEETINGS. 315 He also obtained very beneficial results with it in acute puru- lent wound infection following operations, having clinically de- monstrated that the iodine introduced into the system accom- plished disinfection in a peripheral part of the body, and that it surpasses the efficiency of locally applied disinfectants and ac- complishes what the latter fail to do. He states “that the infection becomes disseminated amongst the living animal tissues and penetrates an important distance beyond the wound’s surface so that the local application of dis- infectants are impotent.”’ Williams prefers quinine in large doses when the infection is acute, the fever high and the case critical; but when it is not so acute and urgent, he prefers iodine and often combines the two drugs. Tue Use or ANIMAL SERA IN SuRGERY.—The use of anti- streptococcic and polyvalent sera is highly recommended by some surgeons as effective in wound infection. Dr. Williams states “ that the profession, as a whole, probably admits the basic correctness of the theory, but are not ‘yet ready to accept in practice the products offered.” From past experiences I am of the opinion, however, that the use of antitetanic serum as a preventive measure is absolutely reliable. Practitioners in large cities, where tetanus is very com- mon, are not doing their duty by their clients or the cases if they fail to give an animal that has a punctured nail wound or any other wound from which the air is occluded, a preventive dose of antitoxin. Allow me while speaking of the use of sera in surgery to call attention to the fact that physicians within the past year have reported instances of serious results following the use of diphtheria antitoxin, some of which have proven fatal. These observations may prove of value to veterinarians who may be called upon to administer antitoxin to animals other than horses. These effects of the serum are sometimes developed in hypersensi- tive individuals, and the condition has been named anaphylaxis or proteid hypersusceptibility. The reason for this in man is not well understood, although the phenomena following the in- jection of serum into animals have been carefully studied and described by Otto, Roseman and Anderson. The minor manifestation of injection of serum in man, viz., skin eruptions, cedema and joint pains, has been called “ serum disease.” Landis, in a paper read at the International Congress 316 SOCIETY MEETINGS. on Tuberculosis, states: “It has been shown that if a guinea pig be injected with a single dose of horse serum even in large quantities, no ill-effects occur. If, however, after an interval of some days the animal is reinjected with serum, death almost al- ways follows. This hypersusceptibility to serum has been noted after an initial dose so infinitesimal as 1/1,000,000 c.c. Fur- thermore, an animal once sensitized apparently retains this hypersusceptibility throughout its life, and in case of the female may transmit it to her offspring. Immunity to this hypersuscep- tibility may be obtained by repeated injections of the serum dur- ing the period of incubation—that is, during the first ten days.” The Journal of American Medical Association, in an editorial of October 3, 1908, states: “It is highly probable, in view of the identity of the symptomatology of the reaction on guinea pigs and the symptoms as described in the cases of serum intoxication in man, that the latter are results of intoxication with a foreign protein in persons who have been sensitized to this protein, often in some unknown way.” This fact, however, has raised two important questions, one being why fatal or serious accidents have so seldom occurred in view of the frequency with which two separate injections are given to one individual at a considerable interval; the other, whether the fact that a person has had a dose of horse serum for therapeutic purposes renders it unsafe to administer another dose at some later time. The answer to both of these questions probably lies in the difference in the effects of doses, of serum by different routes. In order that the second or intoxicating dose of serum may produce its lethal effects it must enter the circulating blood and be present in the blood in something more than an infinitesimal amount. Presumably it is in the central nervous system that the foreign protein produces its effects and it must reach this tissue by the blood (or by direct injection) in not too extreme a dilution. Consequently, it is found that a much smaller dose of protein will kill sensitized animals if injected directly into the blood than if injected into the peritoneum, and the symptoms appear sooner, for absorption from the peritoneum is slow, and the amount of foreign protein in the blood at any time is neces- - sarily small. By the subcutaneous route, Lewis says: “It is probably im- possible to reach the certainly fatal dose because of the impossi- bility of getting rapid absorption. As 5 or 6 c.c. always develops SOCIETY MEETINGS. 317 a well-marked reaction, it is probable that from 15 to 20 c.c., if absorbed at about the same rate, would prove fatal. It would seem very probable, therefore, that the few cases of fatal intoxi- cation with foreign serum represent the occasional instances in which the serum has been injected directly into a vein in a per- son who has been previously sensitized, thus explaining the for- tunate infrequency of these catastrophes. If this is the correct explanation of the serious results that sometimes follow injec- tion of serum for therapeutic effects, it should be very easy to avoid danger from a second injection, and thus make repeated use of serum, when necessary, a safe procedure.” Injections should be made in all cases with a glass-barreled syringe, and by aspiration before injection the presence of the point of the needle in a vein would be indicated by entrance of blood into the syringe. If one had reason to fear sensitization, knowing that the pa- tient had been previously injected with serum, it would undoubt- edly be well to give but a small fraction of the serum at first, waiting a few hours before the second, for it is known that sen- sitized animals receiving less than a fatal dose at the second in- jection, are then refractory to large doses given a few hours or days later. The use of sodium nucleinate in the treatment of acute infec- tions is becoming more general in human surgery, especially in Europe. This substance is a combination of nucleinic acid de- rived from fish or flesh of animals (not yeast) with soda. It is put up in sterile tubes, each containing 0.05 grammes of the salt. The best results have been attained by one or two large doses—o.30 grammes—once or twice a day. The injection should be given deep in the muscles, as the one objection to their use is that they are somewhat painful. In an article by Dr. D. T. Laine, of Havana, Cuba, he says: “We have in-this substance the most efficient means of provok- ing, within a few hours, an artificial hyperleucocytosis, especially of its polynuclear elements. Accepting the theory of Metchni- koff, that the white cells are the only elements of the blood active- ly concerned in the defense of the body against the invasion of micro-organisms, both the surgeon and physician will find in this drug a valuable aid in overcoming acute infection.” Dr. Laine believes that the life-saving properties of normal salt solution, as universally used, lie as much in the fact of its producing an arti- ficial leucocytosis as on its direct mechanical effect of filling up 318 . SOCIETY MEETINGS. the depleted circulation. The indications for its use are in acute infection or in the acute exacerbations of chronic conditions, but not in chronic diseases of slow and progressive evolution. Dr. Laine reports ten cases in which the drug has been used with apparent excellent results, in both infections that have taken place and those expected to occur. Among these cases was one in a patient fifty-nine years old, operated on for perforating ap- _pendicitis, foecal fistula, slow convalescense. About the twenty- eighth day acute lymphangitis of the left leg; high temperature; weak; rapid pulse and pain. An injection of 0.30 grammes so- dium nulceinate was given, followed in twelve hours by another 0.25 grammes. There was immediate drop in the temperature, rapid improvement in the general condition, and recovery. Other cases reported were puerperal phlebitis, septicemia as a result of abscess, and purulent peritonitis, all of which, after the administration of the drug, rapidly convalesced. Allow me to take advantage of this opportunity to urge on practitioners the more general use of local and general anzs- thetics. The large majority of our leading surgeons, connected with college hospitals, are now using anzsthetics in most of the major operations, but you all know that the general practitioner throughout the country resorts to its use but very little. Asa result, the laity and our clients look on our profession as com- _ posed of men without any heart and without sympathy for the suffering animal, which undoubtedly tends to lower their estima- tion of us as individuals and as a profession. We all remember some of the operations that have been per- formed at the clinics of this association, when the public were al- lowed to attend. The animals were not properly confined, no anzesthetic administered, and the audience was entertained by. the sight of bloody and painful operations on struggling animals, which, of necessity, were prolonged under these conditions. The operator could not do himself justice nor the association. By means of anesthesia, we can get more aseptic surgery, — keep the animals quiet, do a cleaner, quicker operation, control hemorrhage and be able to apply better and more durable dress-_ ‘ings, thus getting healing by first intention in the large majority © of operations. This insures the more rapid recovery of animals, better results from the operations and the animal ready to resume. its work at an earlier period. Another important argument for anesthesia is the safety | from injury by the struggles of the animal to the operator | assistants, as well as the animal. SOCIETY MEETINGS. 319 Many practitioners, who have not hospitals or have no avail- able colleague or practitioner whom they can call to assist them, hesitate to use general anesthesia, feeling that they cannot ad- minister the anesthetic and also do the operation. This, in a very few cases, is perhaps true, but in the large majority of cases the operator can anesthetize the animal with chloroform and then proceed with the operation, leaving any reliable layman to con- tinue the administration of chloroform when necessary. Chloro- form anesthesia can be controlled, as it kills almost invariably from the stopping of respiration, and one can easily regulate it by occasionally watching the respiration. For long continued operations, very satisfactory results can be obtained by the use of chloral, administered per mouth, or in- terperitoneal. One need not hesitate after chloral has been given and the anesthesia is not complete to give morphia hypodermical- ly, when you will get a profound anesthesia, respiration will come very slow, heart action may drop to twenty beats per min- ute, reflexes will be present, and still the animal insensitive to pain. When operation is completed and you wish to leave the patient, a dose of strychnia, hypodermically, will sufficiently stimulate to get the animal on its feet in a very few minutes. A large majority of the operations that the practitioner meets daily can be performed under local anesthesia without confining the patient. With the use of cocaine locally, we have been able to do practically all of the standard operations on the extremities, but we have always been somewhat handicapped by the absorp- tion and general stimulating effect of the drug on the central nervous system; especially was this true in double neurectomy of both limbs in nervous horses. We now have the benefits of adrenalin solution, which, combined with cocaine, prevents its absorption and general effect. Stovaine, encaine and anestagine are also used by some operators because of the fact that they do not act on the central nervous system. I hope you will accept this plea for the more general use of anzsthetics in the same spirit as it is given, and I shall be satisfied if it influences any of you to its adoption. ; SwAMP FEVER (SO-CALLED. ) (Dr. C. A.@Nelson.} The nomenclature of this disease has varied a great deal. It has been known as typhoid fever of the horse, malarial fever, in- fectious anzemia, pernicious anzemia, American surra and swamp fever. 320 SOCIETY MEETINGS. Pernicious anzemia seems perhaps to be the most suitable for our present knowledge of the disease. Pernicious anemia is a disease peculiar to the horse, and, so far as we know, not communicable to other animals. For some time it has baffied the efforts of investigators and general practitioners as well. Much remains yet to be learned about the mode of infection, as well as treatment of this disease. From an article in the November issue of the Review, by Dr. John R. Mohler, we learn the cause of pernicious anzemia is an ultra-microscopic organism or virus present in the blood of in- fected animals. _ Blood drawn from infected animals even after being filtered through the finest filters known is capable of producing the dis- ease, when injected into susceptible animals, the virus is still active in infected animals twenty-four hours after death. How much longer the virulence is active is not known. It is surmised that the infection is obtained through interme- diate hosts such as flies or mosquitoes or through internal para- sites. The embryos of which may be taken into the alimentary tract with grass or hay obtained from swampy lands. The course of pernicious anemia is generally chronic, extend- ing over a period of from two to eighteen months, depending on the condition of the animal and other complications, such as colic and nephritis. The period of incubation varies from ten to forty days, mani- fested at the onset by rise of temperature lasting four to six days. The fever generally subsides and the animal remains nor- mal, or nearly so, for some time. There is then another period of fever more severe than the first ; some animals succumb to this; others may again have a period of apparent convalesence before the final end. Th post-mortem anatomy discloses a very much emaciated carcass and a bloodless condition of all visible mucous mem- branes. There is difficulty experienced in skinning, due to the absence of adipose tissue. Further than this most cases are con- spicuous by the absence of macroscopic lesions. There may be subcutaneous and intermuscular cedemas in different parts of the body. Often there is hypertrophy of the heart and sometimes of the spleen and lymph glands. 3 There may be petechial hemorrhages of the serous membranes | of the heart and lungs, with a serious exdate into the thoracic | cavity. No particular organ or tissue is affected to any great SOCIETY MEETINGS. 821 extent, with the exception of the blood. The most noticeable thing about the blood is that its pale color due to the diminu- tion in the number of red blood corpuscles. The count of red cells may run as low as two million to the cubic millimeter or a little more than a fourth of the normal num- ber. The red cells remaining are paler than in the normal state and often altered in shape and size. The blood is also deficient in heamaglobin. Fatty degeneration of blood vessels and internal organs has also been noted. Symptoms—The history of most cases is characteristic. The horse has been losing flesh in spite of a ravenous appetite. In- quiry generally reveals the fact that the animal was sick, per- haps has a spell of diarrhoea some time previous, that he has not been doing well and gets tired very easily. The veterinarian is perhaps consulted at this time in regard to the animal’s teeth or he is called to see the horse in the second attack of fever, the temperature may run from 103 to 105 degrees. There is excel- lerated respiration without any apparent change in the lungs or other air passages. All visible mucous membranes are of a pale, dirty color. When the animal is moved, the gait is unsteady and dragging, especially behind. There is weakness and some sensi- tiveness over the loins. There may be diarrhoea and relaxation of the sphinxters resulting in involuntary micturition. Polyuria is a prominent system. Auscultation over the abdomen reveals in- creased peristalsis which persist all through the course of the dis- ease. There may be swelling of one or more legs, as well as the most dependent part of the abdomen. Part or nearly all of these symptoms may be present during the fever stage. The most no- ticeable symptoms may subside even after the second stage of fever, but the lessened capacity for work, voracious appetitie, pale, mucous membranes, gradual emaciation and increased peri- stalsis are a constant chain of symptoms. ‘Towards the end the temperature rises permanently. The respiratory rate is higher and the heart labors violently. There may be regurgitation at the jugular veins and the animal finally dies from heart failure or exhaustion. Diagnosis—This is comparatively easy when one considers the history and has one or more cases under observation. The intermittent fever and the microscopic examination of the blood will differentiate it from leuceemia and anemia due to other - causes. In the early period of fever it might be mistaken for 322 SOCIETY MEETINGS. pneumonia-influenza or lymphangitis, but the pale color of the mucous membranes and normal passage of air through the lungs and upper air passages facilitates the differential diagnosis. Prognosis—This is quite unfavorable. The mortality is per- haps 70 or 80 per cent.; accurate figures are difficult to obtain. Treatment—This is unsatisfactory in the majority of cases. A great many remedies have been used with indifferent success. Purgation is not advisable on account of its weakening effect, aside from the fact that the bowels seldom become torpid. Dur- ing the onset of fever good results may be obtained by the use of acetanilid, quinine and other fever remedies. Later nux vom- ica, convallaria, belladonna, digitalis and other stimulants are in- dicated. Fowler’s solution should be given as a tonic, continued for at least thirty to forty days, beginning with about two drachms and gradually increasing the dose to four drachms or more, three times a day. In addition to this the animal must be well housed and clothed during cold or rainy weather, and should only do enough work for exercise. Since our knowledge of this disease is limited, and no medical line of treatment has been found which is universally satisfactory, our efforts should be directed towards prophylaxis. On premsies where the disease is found, pastures and meadows should, if possible, be disinfected by burning on the presumption that the forage is a carrier of infection. Horses should not be allowed to graze on land which is swampy and not well drained, nor should hay cut from such lands be fed to them. Our VETERINARY MepicAL AssocraTION, Its BENEFITS AND Duty. (Dr. R. LaPointe. ) The noblest and most worthy object for which a veterinary medical society is organized is the education of its members in the work of their profession. I do not know of any other calling in which it is so necessary to constantly study as in that of vet- erinary medicine. One distinguished American diplomat, Andrew D. White, has written this comment upon Russia’s most noted writer: “Of all distinguished men that I have ever met, Tolstoi seems to me ‘most in need of that enlargement of view and healthful modifica- tion of opinion which comes from meeting men and comparing SOCIETY MEETINGS. 323 views with them in different lands and under different condi- tions.” The enlargement of view and healthful modification of Opinion is as much needed by our profession as by men of letters. Associations in nearly every profession have held from time immemorial, and it goes without saying in modern age, that a profession worthy of its name must have its association meetings ; such meetings are of inestimable value to the young veterinarian, and he will doubtless attain into broader vision and safer opin- ions in due proportions to the extent of his personal experience in the direct practice of his profession by thus meeting and com- paring views with others in the same profession. This interchange of ideas and informal discussion of the com- mon everyday subjects, and we all feel anxious to grasp any new ideas that may come up before such gatherings, cannot help but send fresh blood coursing through our veins and put new courage in our hearts, and we shall return home from such meetings happy to have become enlightened on some subject that has been trouble- some to us, and pleased, it may be, to have been of some direct or indirect help to another. I have already suggested why we should have these associa- tion meetings, but to specify more particularly, I propose: Primarily, it is for the strengthening and betterment, prac- tically speaking, of every member of the association. Attendance at the meetings of our society comes to possess a charm for the earnest veterinarian like that of the camp fire rally of the soldier it leads to the cementing of old friendships and the formation of new ones, reacting upon the ordinary routine of ‘work in the same manner as all alumni meetings. The well-known effect of this is manifest in the sharpening of the intellect and broadening of the humanity of the veterina- rian. This leads directly to the good advantage of all concerned. Our association meetings are in many instances the only post- graduate course the prattitioner will ever know. They may be made of constant and progressive value. Too often the veterina- rian closes his books with graduation. But no professional man can afford to stop learning. Fellowship with men of like aims stimulates progress, activity and work. Isolation nurses stagna- tion. A man may resolve that in ten years he will be a great vet- erinarian; shut himself up in his narrow sphere, save money and the effort and time necessary to attend his association meetings. At the end of those years he is less a veterinarian than at the be- 324 . SOCIETY MEETINGS. ginning, for by that time even his dream will have become stale, his desire withered, his ambition gone out. The speediest horse is developed in the race, not at the plow. Certainly, any intelligent member of our profession, knowing the possibilities of fellowship for social, financial and professional improvement, and ethical development attainable in a well-con- ducted association, should be unwilling even for a single meeting to deny himself the benefits which this society offers. There is no man worthy of professional fellowship and pub- lic confidence who would not gladly be connected with such an organization. Every reputable veterinarian should be enrolled in this association. The time is near at hand when such member- ship will not only be essential to social position and material wel- fare, but will be considered a necessary requirement for profes- sional standing. This is especially true of the young veterinarian who needs the sympathy, encouragement and counsel of the older members of the profession. But our organization must have some work besides self-preservation. Its only reason for existence is the good it may accomplish, and it has a twofold obligation; first, to its members; second, to those outside its ranks. To its mem- bers the opportunities for benefits are unlimited, as I have tried to point out. To others, for example, the breeder and stock- raiser, the association can be of greatest service. We should cul- tivate public sentiment. Educate it in matters of hygiene and sanitation, instilling into it the great fact of its preventability of contagious diseases, the criminality of carelessness, the value of care. It may be said if we educate the people to this extent that they will not need a veterinarian ; but this thought is as narrow as it is evil. We know that as a rule we get more business from an intel- ligent and educated owner than from one who does not know the first rudiments of our profession. The public knowledge in regard to contagious diseases and their causes is very limited among our farmers. If there are any small animals that don’t look well or don’t thrive like the rest, rest assured there is something wrong with them, some unscrupu- lous stock-raiser will butcher and sell them; this is a very com- mon occurrence with the poultry business. Therefore, I believe that one of the most important influences that organizations of this character serve is the education of farmers. Promotion of ee ee ee eo SOCIETY MEETINGS. 325 knowledge among farmers is the basic need to-day. No other class of men has been so neglected as to farmers of this country. The live stock owners should be educated by means of official publications, the agricultural and the general press, lectures at farmers’ institutes. A practical tuberculosis demonstration should be given by one who should have an infected animal slaughtered, explaining in this manner the workings of the diseases. Let each one of us take it upon himself to have the many in- structive veterinary articles that we know would be of benefit to the stock-owners reproduced in our local papers. In this way, as I have shown, we may best create public sentiment and indirectly reap our reward. _ The secretary should have a complete list of the veterinarians of the state. It is a simple matter to check the membership list with the list of the veterinarians that thus make up the list of non-members. Probably a few of the names found thereon will be those of undesirable individuals who, for various reasons, would not be accepted by the association. The bulk of them, no doubt, are well- -meaning and entirely respectable veterinarians, whose lack of interest in veterinary organization is due mainly to the fact that they have never been shown its important bear- ing on their professional work and its relation to the stock-raisers. The names of all these veterinarians should be included in the mailing list of the secretary, and to all desirable non-members should be sent announcement of our meetings. There is no duty which the veterinary association owes which is of greater importance than that of looking after the recently graduated veterinary student. We should all be possessed of the same desire to do all in our power to: better as much as possible the welfare of the members of the association. REPORT OF THE STATE EXAMINING BOARD FOR THE SEMI- ANNUAL PERIOD ENDING JANUARY 12, I909. LeGat Mattrers.—During this period we have had several rulings from the Attorney-General’s office. Duty oF County ATTORNEY.—In a letter written to the At- torney-General, under date of July 15, 1908, and answered by Mr. C. Louis Weeks, special assistant, under date of August 5, 1908, we stated the case of an illegal practitioner and a county attorney who was indifferent. 326 SOCIETY MEETINGS. This was referred to the Attorney-General’s office for advice concerning the duty of county attorneys in such cases and what further this board should do, under date of July 15, 1908. In reply, Mr. Weeks stated: ‘‘ Violations of chapter 419, Laws of 1907, constitute a misdemeanor only. Misdemeanors in the first instance are cognizable only before a justice of the peace. It follows that prosecutions for violations of chapter 419, Laws of 1907, should be commenced before a justice of the peace or in municipal courts having jurisdiction over misdemeanors. Jus- tice and municipal courts have criminal jurisdiction over the pre- liminary examination of persons charged with crime.” Section 565, Revised Laws 1905, makes it the duty of the county attorney to attend before such courts when such courts shall request his attendance and furnish him a copy of the com- plaint. We are of the opinion that it would be the duty of the county attorney to appear for the state in a prosecution for vio- lations of chapter 419 when requested by the courts so to do and furnished with a copy of the complaint. It probably would not be his duty to draw the complaint and initiate the prosecution. The last clause of section 5 of chapter 419 provides: ‘In case any county attorney shall omit or refuse to conduct such proceeding, the board may employ another attorney for the pur- pose.” We have received under date of December 16, 1908, from DE: OF , a very satisfactory letter giving full and defin- ite statement and information and an accurate statement of the -work done, fees collected, and witnesses who could be subpcenzed which would seem to give'an abundance of very positive evidence for prosecution of this case. A local attorney has been selected. With this rather full, possibly tedious presentation of this case, I would respectfully ask for instruction from this board con- cerning further procedure. This is an important case because it involves a principle and gives us a precedent. Is it your judgment that we should go ahead with the case, employing a local attorney, and undertake prosecution, under- standing clearly that the county attorney is very indifferent and will probably help us as little as possible. DisposITION OF Fines.—Under date of August 4, 1908, a letter was written to Special Assistant Weeks, in which he was SOCIETY MEETINGS. 327 asked concerning the disposition of fines that may be imposed for violations of chapter 419, Laws of 1907. Under date of August 5, 1908, Mr. Weeks replied that the wording concerning penalties in section 5 would not be sufficient to require that penalties recovered under this act should be paid to the examining board and such fines would therefore be dis- posed of as fines in other criminal prosecutions. GRAND Jury.—Another case was where a movement was under way to prosecute an illegal practitioner, Dr. , at ; when he suddenly left there and became an illegal practitioner at under the name of He was arrested by the first- named authorities for fraud in connection with a board bill at that place. The prisoner was taken to the first-named place and kept in jail for some forty days. When he was about to be re- leased the county attorney reported that the grand jury refused to indict the prisoner for fraudulent veterinary practice, and the county attorney declined to take any action in view of this. The grand jury’s refusal was on the ground that the county had al- ready been to heavy expense “ for such a prisoner.” A letter was written to the Attorney-General stating the case and asking for information concerning the examining board’s duty in-such a case. Mr. Weeks, special assistant, replied under date of July 13, 1908, that under the conditions as stated it was not incumbent upon our board to take further action, especially since the grand jury refused to indict and unless he again attempts to do veteri- nary practice without a license. PROSECUTIONS.—We have had a number of very interesting cases up for consideration and prosecution. Some of these are still pending. We had an illegal practitioner by the name of , who was doing illegal practice at He was notified of his illegal practice, but the notice was returned unclaimed. Later developments brought out the fact that he was still there posing as a veterinarian under the name of Your secretary wrote him a strong letter and also sent a car- bon copy of the same to the livery stable where he had his office. The letter was acknowledged by Mr. , alias Mr. , who had made a written statement to the effect that he would abide by the request to cease illegal practice. In other words, he made definite promise to quit. 328 SOCIETY MEETINGS. Another illegal practitioner, at , concerning whom complaint had been made on account of illegal practice, has re- cently been reported as “ usually not in condition for practice.”’ People are not calling for him any more and he is practically out of practice. , a licensed non-graduate, was prosecuted by ; county attorney at , for pretending to secure license for a non-graduate who wished to register, and for receiving pay there- for. The result of the trial was that Mr. paid the county for all costs involved and returned the full amount of money re- ceived to Mr. , the non-graduate from whom he received it. Indictment was then quashed on account of age and his first offence. OrriceE WorKk.—Our methods in office work have not changed much since the last report. The board has gotten out a new lithographed letterhead which we think both quite neat and appropriate. The work of revising our list of legal practi- tioners is completed. Manuscript is now in the printer’s hands for the manual arranged for at the last meeting of this board and the State Veterinary Association. RECOMMENDATIONS.—In this connection I would respectfully recommend for your consideration the adoption of a policy to the effect that if a licensed man fails to renew after customary notices have been sent for three successive years, his name be dropped from the notification list on the grounds that the prac- titioner has probably moved away, is retired from practice, or is deceased. A motion to issue a new directory was passed at the last meet- ing of this board. At the Duluth meeting of the state association it developed that the association wished to publish a new consti- tution and by-laws with list of members, etc. It was generally agreed at the time that it would be desirable to combine the two publications and get out something that would be creditable to the Minnesota profession. The following shows the general contents of the proposed publication : The Veterinary Profession in Minnesota. (1) Introduction, desirability of Minnesota as a place for vet- erinary practice. SOCIETY MEETINGS. 329 (2) Articles of incorporation and by-laws, State Veterinary Association. ) (3) Veterinary Practice Act. (4) Attitude of the Examining Board toward prosecution suits. (5) Alphabetical list of registered veterinarians in good standing with abbreviations and explanations, for state associa- tion members, non-members, graduates and non-graduates (graduates and non-graduates in different type). (6) Registered veterinarians in good standing, by counties. I would respectfully recommend that this manuscript be ac- cepted and publication ordered, the expense to be divided be- tween the examining board and state association on the basis of the number of pages of matter in which each board is especially interested, dividing equally the cost items in which both are in- terested. , A motion was passed adopting a board policy of going a step further with prosecution suits by employing a local attorney when necessary. MISCELLANEOUS. LEGISLATION.—It is already clearly evident that the Minne- sota veterinary profession must be on guard and watch the pres- ent legislature. The secretary of this board has already been approached by a senator from the western part of the state. This senator evidently has an important constituent whom he wished to have registered. If the present law does not permit his regis- tration, Senator would like to amend the present act so as to open it once more for the registration of non-graduates. I have written him urging to not do this. It is very probable that something of this kind will be attempted either by this senator or by other members of the legislature. The following is a reply to the letter written by the senator referred to above: Hon. ———,, , Minn.: DEAR Sir—TI have received your letter of January Ist, and note what you say concerning Mr. If, as you say, he has been practicing veterinary medicine’ in this state for more than twenty years, he has been a constant law-breaker for at least fif- teen of those twenty years, and should hardly now be rewarded by our law-making body for such persistent law-breaking. 330 SOCIETY MEETINGS. There have been four different opportunities since 1893 for such men to register, and the results have been that the live stock interests of Minne- sota have been cursed with a very large number of hopelessly ignorant and incompetent veterinarians. This has proved quite a hindrance in getting in educated and competent men. I should be very much disappointed, indeed, to see this mis- take repeated so late in the history of veterinary practice where there are abundant opportunities and first-class veterinary colleges where men can become well equipped for intelligent practice. It seems a little strange that so many intelligent men think that a man may become comptent to treat diseases of animals with little or no training, whereas those same men would never think of employing a man not trained for treating diseases of human beings. As a matter of fact, more thorough training and keener and closer observation are necessary for good veterinary practice than for human practice of the same degree of efficiency for the human physician can get so much helpful information from his patients, even as to a definite statement of the case, re- sults of previous treatment, etc. Domestic animals probably have as many diseases and as many complications of those diseases as have people. If you have the best interests of the live stock of Minnesota at heart, you will surely not introduce a bill in the legislature which will order the licensing of another hundred or two of densely ignorant or grossly incompetent men as veterinarians. Out of the hundred which might register there would be probably two or three good citizens—quite intelligent men, capable of doing fairly good practice. The other ninety-seven would be composed of livery stable loafers, blacksmiths who had made a failure of their business, saloon loafers and that general class of men. A very large majority of such men are a curse to live stock interests and a blighting disgrace to the veterinary profession. A certificate with the seal of the state upon it is apparently a guaranty to the public of these men’s competency. The average farmer reasons that if this man has been licensed by the state, he must therefore be competent. Granting that Mr. may be an intelligent man, sober, in- dustrious, and a good a citizen, aside from his fifteen years of © persistent law-breaking, I hope you will consider the amount of damage that you would do to the live stock interests of the state and to standing of the veterinary profession by pre the practice act for this one man. : SOCIETY MEETINGS. 331 It has been tried repeatedly to pass amendments to the prac- tice act which would register only one man, but this has never succeeded. Don’t do all this damage to benefit one man. Very truly yours, Secretary. _ It might be well for board members and members of the state association to interview or write their representatives in both houses of the legislature and insist on opposition to any tamper- ing with the veterinary practice act. Neither the state association nor the examining board will probably have anything in the way of veterinary legislation to be favored at this present session. Members should be urged to oppose any bill that proposes to alter the present veterinary prac- tice act. New Meruops.—We are now trying to inaugurate a new plan in prosecuting illeeal practitioners by employing some one for the purpose of gathering conclusive evidence of illegal prac- _tice. This person is to witness surgical operations, payment of money and the names and addresses of witnesses who could be subpceenaed in case of prosecution. This statement of evidence is then to be sent in with the reporter’s affidavit to the secretary of the examining board who would then put the case up to the county attorney for prosecution. We have offered to do this for several complainants where conditions seemed favorable, but with no very definite results as yet. : RENEWALS.—During the past year 85 of the total registered non-graduates have failed to renew. Eighteen graduates have failed to renew. Of the 86 non-graduate failures to renew, 26 have been on account of deaths; 37 have moved out of the state. This leaves a total of 23 in the state who have failed to renew. Of the 18 graduate failures to renew, 3 have been on account of deaths; nine have moved out of the state. This leaves a total of 6 graduates in the state who have failed to renew. _ During the past year 22 graduates have been licensed and _ added to our list. Out of the total list now in good standing, 129 are graduates and 105 non-graduates. ' In my first report as secretary, January, 1907, there were in- cluded a total of 111 graduates previously licensed and 185 non- 332 SOCIETY MEETINGS. graduates. At that time there were in practice 96 graduates and 133 non-graduates, an increase to January of 33 graduates and a decrease of 28 non- -graduates. Finances.—This board now has $50.29 on checking account at the First National Bank and $755.37 on interest bearing de- posit at the Farmers’ and Mechanics’ Savings Bank at Minne- apolis. This money has since earned $11.96 interest for the year. This presents a very comfortable condition of our board finances. With an estimate of seven candidates, which we may reasonably expect for the January meeting, this board will soon reach the $1,500 mark and be in such a financial condition that it may safely undertake a large number of prosecution suits or do any other legitimate work which may be needed. M. H. Reyno tps, Secretary. A general discussion followed the reading of the foregoing report, after which Dr. Amos announced that he would entertain a motion to adjourn, but before adjourning he declared the new officers installed as follows: President—Dr. C. E. Cotton. First Vice-President—Dr. J. P. Anderson. Second Vice-President—Dr. J. G. Annand. Secretary-Treasurer—G. Ed. Leech. THE BANQUET. An elaborate banquet was served in the dining-room of the Merchants’ Hotel; covers were laid for fifty, and every seat was taken. At the close of the banquet, Dr. Amos, the toastmaster, called. for speeches from Mr. Robert Cricksmore, President of the Dairymen’s Association; Mr. J. R. Morely, Secretary of the Dairymen’s Association of Owatonna, and Prof. Andrew Boss, of the State Experimental Station. All these gentlemen respond- ed in a happy strain, and spoke on the veterinarian and his rela- tion to their different branches of the work. Drs. J. N. Gould and S. H. Ward were called upon. The latter spoke about the indispensable “ wind-jammer,” which cre- ated considerable amusement. Dr. C. E. Cotton (President-elect) and Dr. G. Ed. Leech (Secretary-elect) followed. After which a solo was rendered by Dr. J. A. Annand. SOCIETY MEETINGS. 333 THE CLINIC. A clinic was held the next morning at 9.30, at Dr. C. E. Cot- ton’s Hospital, No. 617 Fourth avenue, South Minneapolis, in charge of Drs. Gould and La Pointe, and was declared a very decided success. Those taking part in the operations were Drs. Shore, Beebe, LaPointe, Selby, Porter, Gould. One of the most interesting operations was a ‘“‘ Cesarotomy ” on a sow, performed by Dr. J. N. Gould. The operation was a success in every respect. G. Ep. Leecu, Secretary. MASSACHUSETTS VETERINARY ASSOCIATION, TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY. The twenty-fifth annual meeting of the Massachusetts Vet- erinary Association was held at Young’s Hotel, Boston, on the evening of April 28, 1909. President F. J. Babbitt presided over a short session between 5.30 and 6 p. m., which was occupied principally in the election of officers for the ensuing year. The election resulted as fol- lows: President-——Dr. Madison Bunker, Newton. First Vice-President—Dr. Chas. H. Perry, Worcester. Second Vice-President—Dr. W. J. Hennessey, Worcester. Secretary-Treasurer—Dr. Wm. T. White, Newtonville. The meeting then adjourned, and the members proceeded directly to a large dining hall on the floor above, where a sump- tuous banquet had been prepared for them and their guests. , the tables were tastefully arranged, and each gentleman found a beautiful, long-stemmed rose lying across a slip bearing his name, ai the place that had been assigned to him. Sixty members and visitors sat down to participate in the festivities of the occasion, it being the silver anniversary of the organiza- tion of the association, which had been effected in March, 1884, in the same excellent hostelry in which the celebration was no being held. | | | After an excellent repast had been partaken of and had pro- ceeded as far as the coffee and cigars, President Babbitt rose in his position at the head of the table and called upon Toastmaster 834 SOCIETY MEETINGS. L. H. Howard, who occupied a position at the other extreme end of the table to his right, to introduce the gentlemen who were to respond to the toasts. This Dr. Howard did in his usual happy and excellent manner, giving an interesting little address with each introduction. He called first upon the past presidents of the association, beginning by presenting that old veteran in scientific work, Frank S. Billings. He was followed by John F. Winchester, who gave a historical sketch* of the association from its organi- zation to the present date. Austin Peters was next presented — and explained some of the difficulties incident to work in the Cattle Commission. He was followed by past presidents Thomas Blackwood, Alexander Burr, Langdon Frothingham, Benjamin D. Pierce, Daniel Emmerson and Frank J. Babbitt. The toast- master then called upon the president-elect, Madison Bunker, who, poetical from the start, soon ran into verse and recited a very pretty little poem. Toastmaster Howard then asked the members to rise and drink a toast to the “American Veterinary Medical Associa- tion,’ and couple with it the name of James L. Robertson, of New York. Dr. Robertson made a very feeling response in re- ferring to “the old days,” when he, with Dr. Liautard, Dr. Large and many others that he mentioned, used to make their pilgrimages to Boston, and to Young’s Hotel, also, to attend the meetings of the then called United States Veterinary Medical Association. To respond to the toast, “ Bureau of Animal Industry,” James F. Ryder, in charge at the Port of Boston, was called, and gave some interesting facts to his listeners. Dr. Thomas Maloney, of Fall River, responded very ably, and in a most interesting manner, to the toast, “ Veterinary Registration Board,” and was followed by Mayor Coughlin, of that city. in response to the toast, “ Municipal appreciation of the — veterinarian.” Mayor Coughlin gave a most interesting and scholarly address, which was thoroughly enjoyed by every one > present. | At the request of the toastmaster, Secretary White read a _ letter from Prof. A. Liautard, Paris, France, Past Dean of the American Veterinary College, which brought forth a storm of — applause that rang the length of the banquet hall. A copy of the letter is here reproduced: * Follows this report. ae og 1 segs aecaaigets - Mn SOCIETY MEETINGS. 335 Paris, March 28, 1909. Dr. W. T. WHITE, Secretary Mass. Vet. Association: My Dear Docror—I have received your very kind invita- tion to attend the 25th anniversary meeting of the Massa- chusetts Veterinary Association and enjoy the good dinner that will follow. Twenty-fifth anniversary—Young’s Hotel gathering—meet- ing of so many of my own boys. Oh! how many good hours these recall to my mind! How dear and tempting they are! It was before your organization that in 1898 I made my last pro- fessional visit in America. So you see that my pleasure would be immense if I could only be present, and yet all I can say in acknowledging your letter is to thank you, Sir, and your asso- ciates for having remembered me for such occasion. I cannot be with you on April 28th, but my heart will, my thoughts will also, and I promise you to empty a good glass of wine that I will drink, unfortunately alone, to the health of all the members of the association and to her everlasting success in her professional work. Yours with best wishes, A. LIAUTARD. When the applause following the reading of Prof. Liau- tard’s letter had subsided, Toastmaster Howard asked the gentle- men to rise and drink a toast to. “ Dr. Liautard,” and couple with it the name of Prof. Wm. J. Coates, his colleague and suc- cessor in the A. V. C. In responding to this toast, which touched him very much, Dean Coates said in part: It is a source of intense gratification to me to be present at the 25th anniversary of the Massachusetts Veterinary Associa- tion and respond to the toast, “ Dr. Liautard.” Looking over so many faces he knew so well makes me feel old, and puts in mind many things silvery. The silver threads that time has placed on your heads, so many silver-tongued orators that have given a gleam of wit to your silver anniversary, showing that everything to-day is running in silver. Dr. Liautard, he said, always recalled with pride and pleas- _ ure those occasions when he had been present in Boston with the Massachusetts Veterinary Association, especially meeting so many graduates of the American Veterinary College, who were all to him “ his boys.” 536 SOCIETY MEETINGS. Then Dr. Coates took up Science and said: Science is the es- sence of life, it has raised mankind and will keep on uplifting; as all problems are presented science finds the way to meet them, it brought light out of darkness, it fashioned things out of chaotic conditions and as the world progresses so will science. He gave elaborately a description of the Goddess of Nature and told how we are trying to lift the veil that conceals the cause, the source, the spring of what to-day is called nature. He spoke of the many worlds in space and the all-pervading force surrounding us shrouded in mystery, but to raise the veil is the highest and noblest aim and ambition of the human in- , telligence. He emphasized the fact that veterinary science has attracted the attention and admiration of the world by trying to arrest those diseases which are directly communicated from ‘animals to mankind. The sciences have multiplied so greatly that it is difficult to name and number them, but biology he thought the study of the day. He referred to the number of animals whose lives have been sacrificed on the altar of investi- gation for the sake of science and closed by saying the telescope is showing infinitely great and distant objects, while the micro- scope is disclosing equal wonders in the small and near. He again thanked the members in behalf of Dr. Liautard and hoped the association would continue its good work. At the conclusion of Dr. Coates’s remarks, the toastmaster asked the members and visitors to rise and drink a toast to “The Veterinary Press” and couple with it the name of Dr. Robert W. Ellis, of the AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW. Dr. Ellis’ remarks applied to Veterinary Journalism in a general way, and called the attention of his hearers to the many and remote sources from which the contents of a single copy of a veterinary periodical came. And, coming from many countries and divers tongues, what an amount of translating, transcribing and arrang- — ing must take place in order to convert the heterogeneous and — chaotic bundles into the innocent, orderly conditions that we find — between the cover-pages when our magazines finally reach our — desks. Dr. Howard then called upon Dr. James B. Paige, of the Massachusetts Agricultural College, to respond to the toast, “A — Friend at Court,” to which Dr. Paige responded in his pleasing, — scholarly manner that is so well known and appreciated by his ~ colleagues and friends. 3 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 337 The sensation of the evening remained for the last, when the toastmaster asked the gentlemen to rise and drink a toast to “ The Ladies” and couple with it the name of Dr. A. S. Cleaves, of Gardener. Be it known that up to this point the happy, rollicking Cleaves had been the “ rooter”’ of the evening, and had risen to the call of each toast, and asked what was the matter with the gentleman whose name had been coupled with the toast in question, and on being answered “ He’s all right,’ queried ““Who’s all right’? On receiving the name of who was “all right,’ he stirred the band of music beside him to play, and every man in the room to sing, ““ For he’s a jolly good fellow,” etc. This was not missed on a single occasion, and his vitality seemed inexhaustible, and his ambition and good fellowship to know no bounds. But when he was asked to “toast ”’ the ladies he seemed for a moment nonplussed that anything so foreign to him should have been coupled with his name. But being a man of unusual resource he soon was equal to the occasion and delivered a mas- terly address. The band then played Auld Lang Syne, and the singing of this old-time song closed one of the pleasantest of evenings, and concluded the celebration of the twenty-fifth an- niversary of the Massachusetts Veterinary Association. HisToRICAL SKETCH. | BY JOHN F. WINCHESTER, LAWRENCE, MASS. The first gathering of Massachusetts Veterinarians to organ- ize a state association, was held at Young’s Hotel, March 18, 1884, at the adjournment of the twenty-first semi-annual meet- ing of the United States Veterinary Medical Association. F. H. Osgood presided, with M. Bunker as Secretary. It was voted that the charter members be graduates of regular veterinary schools. The following were chosen to pass upon the eligibility of members: J. S. Saunders, L. H. Howard, W. Bryden, F- S. Billings and C. P. Lyman. This meeting was-adjourned sub- _ ject to the call of the Chairman. Conforming to the vote passed March 18, the next meeting was heid at the United States Hotel, April 2, 1884, with fifteen _ men in attendance, namely, Osgood, Bunker, Saunders, Howard, _ Bryden, Lyman, Blackwood, Billings, Peters, Skalley, Simmons, _ Penniman, Sherman, Winslow and Winchester. At this meet- a ing it was voted to resolve ourselves into the Massachusetts Vet- erinary Association. 338 SOCIETY MEETINGS. Ballots were cast for President, Vice-president, Secretary and Treasurer, and an executive committee of three, with the result that W. Bryden was chosen as President; F. H. Osgood, Vice- president; J. F. Winchester, Secretary and Treasurer; F. S. Bill- ings, J. S. Saunders and C. P. Lyman, Executive Committee. The Executive Committee was requested to present a Constitu- tion and By-Jaws at the next meeting to be held the first Wednes- day of May. This was done, and with a few amendments stood until March, 1906. The Medical Library Association rooms at Boylston Place | was first made use of in September, 1884, and at this time and place the first evidence of incompatability of members was shown, when the resignation of a member was tendered and accepted at the October meeting. At the November meeting an applicant for membership was turned down. The applicant "presented himself at the December meeting, asking for reasons. In order to be in evidence, at the January meeting, the in- vestigation of a Veterinary College was begun, also, the forma- tion of.a committee on original research. Average attendance, 12. At the April meeting of 1885, F. S. Billings was elected presi- dent and his first act was to appoint a committee to procure a Charter; next, he suggested that we assemble in another part of — the state. As a compliment to Dr. Osgood, who had been a reg- — ular attendant, Springfield was chosen for the May meeting, and ~ Dr. Billings demonstrated Koch’s method of bacteria cultivation. That gathering was a success, not on account of the number ~ of members present, but by the very instructive paper and dem- ~ onstrations given by Dr. Billings, and the number of influential — men of that locality who were there. Dr. Billings’ paper was entitled “‘ State Medicine,” and he designated the system of state | medicine as the great life-saving service of the country. June again found the association anxious to be heard from, and a very altruistic preamble ta a resolution condemning the | subscription plan.as pursued by the management of Harvard Vet- © erinary Hospital was passed by a unanimous vote. At a subsequent meeting, Dr. Eliot, President of Harvard, appeared in person, urging the association to use its influence for — the Veterinary Department of Harvard University. q In April. 1886, F. H. Osgood was chosen President and the © Secretary’s report for the past year was, that thirteen meetings ~ SOCIETY MEETINGS. 339 had been held, with an average attendance of ten; also, that nu- merous papers had been presented which were thoroughly dis- cussed and a large number of pathological specimens were ex- hibited. A farewell letter was read from F. S. Billings, who had removed to Nebraska, assuring the association of his continued interest in it affairs. : The fourth occupant of the chair as president was J. S. Saun-~ ders, he being elected April 27, 1887. The report of the Secretary for the past year was presented, and it is recorded that this association was incorported that year. _ Dr. A. Liautard was elected to honorary membership at the April meeting. At the April meeting, 1888, J. F. Winchester was chosen to preside for the ensuing year. 3 That fall the subject of tuberculosis was presented by Dr. Ferguson, of Cambridge, he being a candidate for membership: the by-laws requiring each candidate to write, read and defend a thesis at a regular meeting. The December meeting was devoted to the subject of tubercu- losis as well as the following months. At the April, 1889, meeting, A. Peters was honored with the office of President. The record for 1889 I am unable to find, but that year I pre- _ sented to the association the manuscript of the translation of the _ Aetiology of Tuberculosis by Koch, translated by Rev. Saure, of _ Lawrence, Mass., also the letter I received from Dr. R. Koch - authorizing its publication. The translation of Dr. Koch’s letter is as follows: 7 36 Kloster St., Berlin, April 29, 1880. DEAR SIR: In reply to the request contained in your letter of the 31st of March, I beg leave to say that you have my full authorization _ for the publication of the translation of my work upon the ztiol- _ ogy of tuberculosis. With highest consideration. Yours R. Koc. 3 Thos. Blackwood was elected to preside for the year 1890, - and in May, of that year the subject of Rabies was considered. _ I was called upon to open the discussion, and said that it was difficult to form positive diagnosis without a good history or ex- 340 SOCIETY MEETINGS. perimental inoculation to verify the diagnosis. Dr. H. C. Ernst said he did not see how anyone could doubt the existence of rabies, but inoculation was required to confirm its existence. He doubts if there are spontaneous recoveries from rabies. Muzzling of dogs would exterminate the disease, but it is impossible to enforce sucha law. Dr. J. O. Whitney, of Pawtucket, R. I., cited ‘eases occurring in man, directly traceable to bites from rabid dogs. The meeting for March was devoted to the altruistic side of the profession when public good should be the goal of the mem- | bers of this association in spite of mercenary interests or reasons of policy. At the April, 1891-1892-1893, meetings L. H. Howard was elected as our presiding officer. During his administration I find that we did criticise having a cattle commission in this state without a veterinarian on the board, and the Governor was the recipient of a communication signed by W. Bryden, F. H. Osgood and L. H. Howard, whick was acknowledged as follows: Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Executive Deprtment, Boston, Jan. 20, 1892. Mr. Williamson Bryden, 36 Sudbury St., Boston, Mass. My Dear Sir: I have received the opinion of your committee, submitting the action of the Massachusetts Veterinary Association with ref- erence to the necessity of having skilled and professional opinion upon questions relating to contagious diseases of animals. , I fully agree with the views of your association and shall — endeavor, as far as in my power to carry out those views. Very truly yours, Ww. E. RusseEtt. At the annual meeting April, 1892, our guests were Hon. — Levi Stockbridge, of the Massachusetts Cattle Commission, and Dr. George H. Bailey, of the Maine Cattle Commission. The © following month Dr. A. Liautard was a guest and he favored © us with a paper on “ Ethics as a Means of Elevating the Veteri- nary Profession.” (Vol. XVI., AMERICAN VETERINARY RE- VIEW. ) LS Se aes ee SOCIETY MEETINGS. 341 Veterinary schools and standards were considered, but the elevation of the profession was dependent largely on us as indi- viduals. Arrangements were made to entertain the United States Veterinary Medical Association in September, the ex- pense for the same to be met by voluntary subscriptions. Mr. T. L. Bolton, of Clark University, favored us with a paper upon the results of the microscopic examination of a por- tion of the spinal cord, and lumbo-sacral nerves in a case of string halt. The National Veterinary School in Washington, D. C., hav- ing a two-years’ course was considered at the October meeting when Hon. Jerry Rusk was memoralized. Resolutions censuring the action of certain officials of the Bureau of Animal Industry wherein their course is reprehensible as public officials were passed. One of the unpleasant gatherings of the association was when the subject of advertising was being considered, and a member likened our profession to a trade, entirely a business transaction. At the January, 1894, meeting J. M. Parker moved, and it was voted that a committee be appointed to report at the next meeting on the subject of tuberculosis and the following sugges- tions were offered : I. That the March meeting be devoted to the consideration of tuberculosis. 2. That the members invite any person interested in the sub- ject to be present. 3. The association employ a stenographer for that meeting. 4. To place ourselves on record as believing that certain forms of the disease in man should be recognized as contagious. At the February meeting Dr. Howard offered the following resolution which was passed with but one objector, ‘ That as bovine tuberculosis is recognized by the ‘ Contagious Diseases of. Animals’ act as a contagious disease, in our opinion, that being due to the same germ, certain forms of the disease in man should also be recognized by law as contagious.” | At this time a committee was appointed to interview some of the well known physicians and pathologists, with the object to get them to read short papers on tuberculosis at the May meet- ing. _ A favorable report was made at the March meeting that Drs. Ernst, of Harvard; Abbott, of the State Board of Health; Dur- gin, of the City Board of Health, and others had promised to attend the May meeting and take part. 3 842 SOCIETY MEETINGS. Dr. Howard suggested that since certain gentlemen had agreed to take part in the May meeting, the members ought to be prepared to open the discussion by one or more members, di- viding the subject in sections and being limited to ten minutes. At the April, 1894, annual meeting Alexander Burr was chosen to preside for the ensuing year. The May meeting was opened by A. Peters with a paper on “The Prevalence of Tuberculosis,” J. F. Winchester on “ Diag- nosis of Bovine Tuberculosis,” while J. M. Parker had for his subject “ The Sanitary Conditions of Dairy Farms.” Hon. W. R. Sessions, Secretary of the State Board of Agriculture, read a paper on ‘“‘ The Agricultural Aspect of Bovine Tuberculosis.” Professors Ernst and Councilman, of Harvard; Secretary Abbott, of State Board of Health; Professor Pearson, of University of Pennsylvania Veterinary Department; Professor C. O. Lyman, of Harvard; Hon. Levi Stockbridge, of Massachusetts Cattle Commission; Dr. G. H. Bailey, of Maine Cattle Commission, and Dr. J. Foust, of Poughkeepsie, N. Y., were among those present, and their remarks were very instructive, adjournment not tak- ing place until near midnight. At the June meeting it was voted to have drawn up in a pam- phlet form, a series of suggestions looking to the prevention of bovine tuberculosis in the state. The suggestions made by the committee, appointed in June, and considered at the September, 1894, meeting, were ordered printed and a copy be sent to each member. The Association was informed at the October meeting that the subscription plan at the Harvard Veterinary Hospital had been done away with by the generosity of Messrs. Heminway, of Boston, and Morgan, of New York. The report of the Committee on Tuberculosis was adopted at the November meeting, and ordered published in the agricul- tural weeklies of the State, and copies sent to the Secretary of Agriculture. The tuberculin test was under consideration at the meeting _ in December. At the January, 1895, meeting the Registration of Veteri- nary Surgeons was under consideration and it was voted to leave the matter with the Committee on Legislation. At the March meeting a copy of a bill providing for com- pulsory registration of veterinarians was presented by F. H. Osgood. ' SOCIETY MEETINGS. 343 At the annual meeting, April, 1895, J. M. Parker was chosen to preside, and the subject of registration occupied our atten- tion at that meeting and also at the May meeting. At the June gathering marked differences of opinion on tu- berculosis is recorded, and without arriving at any definite con- clusions. The meeting held September, 1895, was given entirely to interesting cases, and it is recorded that it was one of the most interesting meetings held for some time. “‘ The everlasting sub- ject of tuberculosis not being mentioned ” is the comment of the Secretary, as published in the AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW. At the annual meeting, April, 1896, J. M. Parker was re- elected for the ensuing year and several names were dropped from the roll for non-payment of dues. That fall the Army Bill was under consideration, letters were sent to the Senators and Representatives urging the passage of the bill. The April gathering in 1897 was held at the Quincy House, when J. F. Winchester was honored with the chair. That year the dues were reduced to $3.00, and our first June outing was held at the Quarantine Station on Gallups Island, by the courtesy _ of the Boston Board of Health. Transportation through the _ loyalty of N. Ward Co. to the profession. Procedure in pre- pating Antitoxin was demonstrated; subsequently a shore _ dinner at Strawberry Hill and a moonlight sail down the harbor. _ With one exception, Southboro, at Deerfast Farm, our June meetings have been down the bay. That fall the passage of a registration bill was urged. At a special meeting in October, Prof. Theobald Smith read an essay on “ The Restriction of Tuberculosis Among Dairy Cattle.” At the regular meeting the question of legislation was the subject. In November a special meeting was held when Dr. Liautard favored us with a paper on Glanders and Mallein. | At the regular November meeting, Dr. Paige gave a very interesting talk on the veterinary institutions he had visited on _ the Continent. Legislation was also considered. ts Dr. Chas. Harrington honored us at the March meeting, and _ gave a very interesting and instructive talk on “ His Experi- ~ ences as Milk Inspector,” and Mr. Keath spoke on “ Bacterial _ Lafe in Milk.” ! 344 SOCIETY MEETINGS. At the April meeting, 1898, J. F. Winchester was re-elected. It was brought to our notice that House Bill 1406 confers ex- traordinary powers on local inspectors, who, in most instances, are not veterinarians and the Governor was memorilized to that effect. During the fall of 1898 was held the first clinic at the Boston Veterinary Hospital. Since then several have taken place. The subject of rabies was under consideration in December. Mr. Underwood, of Harvard, was the essayist in March, his subject being warranty and evidence. April, 1899, L. Frothingham was chosen to preside, the meetings were regularly held and aside from personal observa~ tions, the changing of the meeting place was considered. At the annual meeting in 1900, L. Frothingham was re- elected, the question of change of meeting place was considered, but no action taken. B. D. Pierce was chosen president at the April meeting of 1901, and the compliment was returned to him in 1902. That year it was voted that the regular meetings be held at the Bos- ton Veterinary Hospital. At the November meeting there was received a communi- cation from the alumni association of the Harvard Veterinary College relative to the registration of veterinarians. The fourth Wednesday of January in 1903 the Harvard Medical School room was our meeting-place, when the status of the veterinarian for official work and life was thoroughly discussed, but the veterinarian came out second best. It was reported to us in March that the registration bill had passed the house. E. C. Becket was elected at the April, 1903, annual meeting, and then it was learned that the registration bill had been signed by the Governor. A resolution was passed unanimously in May * That only eraduated veterinarians be employed in public service, thus giv- ing official recognition of the value of veterinary science.” Dr. Paige was asked at the October meeting to represent the association, see the Governor, and find out if a list of names submitted for registrars in veterinary medicine by the associa- tion would be considered by his excellency. Glanders was the subject for the December and January, — 1904, gatherings, and elicited a general discussion. The same subject was considered at the February meeting, but the records SOCIETY MEETINGS. 345 fail to show that the subject was discussed. It was an illus- trated lecture, but the audience were not matriculants, and did not know what to expect, although the author seemed to speak with the assurance of some teachers. At the March meeting the same subject was considered and the discussion was general. In the spring of 1904 the officers of the past year were re- elected, and that year a delegation from this body was appointed to oppose the bill at the State House introduced by the anti- vivisectionists. The Secretary was requested to notify each member when the hearing on the bill to pay for horses destroyed on account of glanders would take place. At the April, 1905, meeting, D. Emerson was elected Presi- dent, and it was voted that in the future our regular meetings would be held at Young’s Hotel. At the May meeting it was voted to revise the Constitution and By-Laws, and the following March the revised form was adopted. ? The October meeting was adjourned to the Electro-Radiating Company’s rooms, where Dr. Strong, of Tuft’s College, gave an instructive demonstration. In January, 1906, correspondence was begun with the Secre- tary of the Connecticut Veterinary Association to further the interests of the American Veterinary Medical Association's meet- ing, to be held at New Haven in August. It was voted to request that the hearing on “‘ Compensation for Glandered Horses” be postponed until a special meeting of the association is held. The special meeting was held without reaching an agreement, and it was voted that it take the place of the regular one. The re-election of the same officers occurred at the April, 1906, meeting, and $100 was appropriated to assist the Con- necticut association in entertaining the American Veterinary Medical Association. Aside from the June outing, that fall meetings were held at the Malden Veterinary Hospital, G. P. Penniman’s Hospital in Worcester, North Packing & Provision Co., Somerville, and at Waltham, when inspection was made of the watch factory. _ The records for March, 1907, show that cattle condemned in this state for tuberculosis were killed, and some were sold for beef under the fiat of the United States inspector. 346 SOCIETY MEETINGS. It is also recorded that chained cows, reactors, were held over from Brighton, and sent out into herds where milk was produced. These cows were really under quarantine. They are boarded until such time as they are returned to Brighton for a retest with tuberculin. A resolution was offered, disapproving of this state of affairs, and it was voted to discuss the same at the annual banquet. I, J. Babbitt was elected President at the April, 1907, meet- ing. The resolutions presented at the March meeting were re- vised, and the qecee was asked why the resolutions were pre- sented. It was voted that the revised resolutions be discussed, and the result was that they were referred. Mallein as an immunizing or curative agent was discussed at the May meeting without arriving at a definite conclusion. A resolution was introduced at the November meeting censuring that part of the “ Dick Bill” relating to the veterinarian. In February, 1908, a resolution condemning the use of the products of tuberculous animals for human food except under a proper system of dairy and slaughter-house inspection was pre- sented and declared accepted by the President. At the annual April, 1908, meeting, F. J. Babbitt was re- elected. The Secretary reports that the membership is seventy- four. At the May meeting a very interesting account of the work of the Fall River Board of Health in dealing with the milk supply and the farms supplying this commodity. As a result, the following resolution was passed, and the same evening it was reconsidered and referred “ That we urge upon the State Board of Health and the State Board of Agri- culture the necessity for compulsory and uniform legislation, having for its object the complete eradication of tuberculosis from bovines within a reasonable period of years.” The Malden Veterinary Hospital was the Mecca for Odbber 1908, when a clinic was held. At the February, 1909, meeting it was voted to arrange for the twenty-fifth anniversary of the organization of the associa- tion, and a committee was appointed with Dr. Howard as chair- man. ae ee SOCIETY MEETINGS. 347 At the March, 1909, meeting the business, aside from the reports of the anniversary committee, was personal observations. Papers were read at the May meeting by Dr. A. W. Balch and W. R. Brinckerhoff, of Harvard Medical School, the former on “A Possible Cause of Azoturia,’” while the latter’s subject was “ The Pathology of Azoturia.”’ PENNSYLVANIA STATE VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. | The twenty-sixth annual meeting convened in Philadelphia on March 2d and 3d, 1909. President Marshall addressed the members as follows: This is the twenty-sixth annual meeting of our State Asso- ciation, every year of which may be considered a milestone in its history. There has been a steady, vigorous growth during this time and each year has added proof of the value and useful- ness of our chosen profession. All honor to the patriots who pre-_ ceded us, but there have been marvelous changes wrought in the personnel of our members. Many veterinarians have been developed in recent years who possess the attributes of the best - American citizens. They are well educated, honest, attentive to duty and possess judgment of the highest quality. Their opin- ions have been sought and not found wanting in forming laws and regulations for public improvements in many lines. This fact is especially true in reference to sanitary measures and regu- lations for suppressing and controlling contagious and infectious diseases. The general public has developed confidence in us and it begins to realize the necessity and usefulness of well-trained vet- erinarians. In former times our profession was judged and its use- fulness measured more by our poorest men, while at present we are judged more by what our best men have done and are doing and the mistakes and errors made by the few are considered as personal rather than professional. There is no profession, trade or calling where the individual is brought more in contact with the public than ours. The vet- erinarian has opportunities for studying all branches of industry, citizenship, politics, morality and education that are excelled by none. His every-day life furnishes a school of the greatest pos- 548 SOCIETY MEETINGS. sibilities. Long strides and marked progress are being made along lines that will improve our conditions directly as well as indirectly. The usefulness of a veterinarian at the present time is not measured alone by his professional ability, yet this should e his specialty. They hesitate in putting themselves forward and taking a leading part that they should be able to do better than any other class of men. Representatives from other pro- fessions step in and do what we should do. Conceit is a fault, | yet not so great as the lack of self-confidence. If we lack con- fidence in our own ability our clients will judge us in the same way. Courage is another faculty that we should cultivate. It is said that few persons have courage to appear as good as they are. We are too liable to attribute success in our fellow man to good luck. ‘‘ Good luck is the handmaid of an upright, ener- getic character, and the conscientious observance of duty.” No man has ever succeeded and none ever will who does not possess confidence and courage. We must have confidence not only in ourselves but also in other people. ‘ Trust men and they will be true to you, treat them greatly and they will show themselves great.” Most men are honest and square and they expect these qualifications in those whose opinions they seek. There was probably never a time when so many people are looking for morality and true worth. A veterinarian must be every inch a man or he will be lost in the struggle. It is gratifying to see many of our members interesting them- selves in the different branches of agricultural and our public school work. We should cultivate this spirit. In our regular work we have ‘experience with every form of agricultural from the worst to the best, and the man who is observing should gather knowledge of the highest importance. Some of us do not do our share in distributing this knowledge. We are too busy with necessary burdens to undertake new ones, and feel that others know how better and can talk and write more fluently. For these reasons we allow them to do the work. We should be reminded occasionally that those who have done the most to elevate our standing were our business men. The small things are the ones that count and there are few who have no time to do a little extra work. : : There is a feeling at present that agriculture should be taught in our public schools. Most farmers’ children work hard enough, but there is too little attention given to why certain things are done and how work might be performed better and a SOCIETY MEETINGS. 349 more effectually. Our agricultural colleges are doing a valuable work, but there is need for more work on the rudiments of agriculture. Interest should be aroused in this line and it should begin with the child. We might have a better class of farmers in a few years if more attention and better instruction could be given along these lines to our farmers’ boys and girls. There is too much of an effort being made to educate them at present to become citizens of a city and they leave the best opportunities at home to eke out a miserable existence in the city. The veterinarian has a part to play in helping educate the younger generation to see the profit, beauties and pleasures to be derived from the pursuits of agriculture. If he keeps posted himself on the great questions of the day he may be able to drop a word here and there in his usual daily work that will prove of great value in the future. He should take an active part in in- stitute work and in every way try to build up more interest in agriculture. There are many subjects that a veterinarian should be able to discuss at farmers’ meetings that would be of the greatest advan. tage in directing public opinion in the proper channels. In many sections our sanitary laws are not understood. These laws were made for protection and not for persecution. It is true that any law may inflict hardships on a few, but in most cases it is for the protection and benefit of the many. In the question of handling tuberculosis we have done a great work, but we have not done enough. There is still too much tuberculosis and too much opposition to the work of eradicating _ it. Some farmers are desirous of doing their own testing be- cause they have no confidence in the ability or faithfulness of veterinarians. It has been said that more than half of the veteri- narians in Pennsylvania do not know how or do not make a tuberculin test properly. Whether this be true or not there should be no reason for such criticism. If we hope to hold this work we must do it better than it is possible for any other class of men to do it and do it honestly and faithfully or not at all. This. should be true whether we are testing for dealers, buyers or our regular clients. We should find out whether the animals have _ tuberculosis or not and if they do have it report them to the _ State Live Stock Sanitary Board, where they will be properly - handled. If anybody wants testing done under other conditions we cannot afford to do it. 350 SOCIETY MEETINGS. The same is true in handling other contagious and infectious diseases. It is wrong to tell our client some way to get rid of a glandered horse on the quiet and warn him of the uproar that will follow if the condition is reported to the proper state author- ities. It is our duty to explain the law on the subject and see that -all its requirements are carried out. If for any reason we cannot have conditions adjusted without unnecessary trouble, we can turn the work over to those who can do it properly. We should insist, more than we have in the past, on the necessities of a thorough disinfection after glanders, tubercu- losis, abortion, white scours, etc. We may have given instruc- — tion how to do this work, but we know that it was done in- effectually if at all. Very few farmers and some veterinarians are not capable of doing this part of the work. We know that stables cannot be constructed good enough, no matter how much attention is given to ventilation, drainage, light, etc., to keep such diseases from attacking the animals and spreading, if once admitted. In removing the animals that are affected we have not removed all sources of infection, and we must see that the necessary disinfection is done or we have not done our whole duty. To one who is perfectly familiar with the necessities of | disinfection many stables are a conundrum to know how best to make them safe for the animals that are left or those that are to be added. How much more difficult it will be for those who — do not realize this fact. It should be the object to instil into every one who attends — this meeting a desire to return home resolved to make a greater — effort in the future to set the standard of veterinary medicine — higher than it has ever been before.. We can do this if we put © into operation a determination to do better work than we have © in the past. Perhaps we can respond a little more punctually — when called in a professional way; be more careful in making’a diagnosis and possibly put in practice better ways of prescribing treatment; watch the. case more carefully till we are sure that our services are no longer needed. We may be able to take more interest in the general welfare of our clints. Ambition is contagious. If we have it ourselves we may give it to someone that will be benefited by it. We may be able to do more in creating interest in school work or in some department of agri-~ culture. We can compare this trip to the one taken by the mer- ~ chant for supplies. If he takes his goods home and never un- — packs or shows them, his trip will prove a failure. He will prob- — ee a ee 1 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 851 ably never sell his stock of goods and it will not be necessary for him to return in the future for more. We should get a new supply of stock. Take it home and put it in the show window. Let people see what we have and can do and come back to the next meeting for more. Our clients will gladly excuse us for two or three days when they realize that we are after informa- tion that will be useful to the whole community. We should niake a more determined effort to arrange our work so it will be profitable to ourselves. Where there is pros- perity there is integrity. A veterinarian should be able to make a respectable living for himself and family and save enough to provide for the needs of old age. There is something wrong where this is not being done, and a desperate effort should be made to ascertain the cause and rectify it if possible. The fee which a practitioner receives for his services varies in different sections and with individuals. There is no reason why he should make calls cheaper than the human physician, © and in many instances he should receive more because the work is harder and not so pleasant in all cases. As a rule we should charge as much as we can get and still leave our clients satisfied. It may be a fault with some that they are too generous and put too little value on their services; they may be poor collectors, and for these reasons do not get all they should from their toil. There is a certain class of work that no one can get paid enough for doing. Making money should not be our only object in iife, yet it is one of the principal ones. A man in any calling is judged by his ability to make a respectable living for himself and family and his promptness in paying his obligations. Let us return from this meeting with a renewed determination to be better men professionally and more successful from a business standpoint. ; The profession in this state has been called upon twice since our last meeting to prove its worth. These questions are fresh in our minds. In the early winter aphthous fever, one of the most disagreeable and obstinate cattle diseases, broke out in several places in the state at the same time. The disease was recognized, controlled and stamped out in record-breaking time and should reflect great credit to the profession throughout the country. These results were made possible through the fact that there was a united effort on the part of local practitioners, state and government authorities, and practically every man did his duty. B52 SOCIETY MEETINGS. In entertaining the national association our profession was highly honored. This meeting was a record-breaker in many ways. At the present time Pennsylvania can boast of having the greatest number of members from any one state. Of the 854 members in the national association, Pennsylvariia furnishes 80; New York comes next with 66 members. This was the largest meeting that the national association ever held, and the only criticism heard was the fact that we were’ too generous and lavish in our entertainment. The profession throughout the state provided the money with but one hint as to what was wanted. The entertainment committee was abundantly provided with funds to do all that was necessary. Personally, I wish to thank the profession for the great interest that it took and the financial assistance that it provided so generously in entertaining this great association. We trust that you all may be able tuo attend the next meeting, which is to be held in Chicago this fall, where we can be assured that our welcome and entertain- ment will be as great or greater than we provided last year. As a token of the great appreciation which the members of the national association felt toward our state association, on the occasion of its twenty-fifth anniversary this beautiful gavel was presented. It is solid ivory trimmed with german silver, and upon it is engraved the following: “‘ Presented to the Pennsyi- vania State Veterinary Medical Association on its twenty-fifth anniversary by its guests, the members of the A. V. M. A., from sister states and provinces, at Philadelphia, September 10, 1908.”’ Let us use and preserve this beautiful memento for future gen- erations and trust that the fraternal feeling which prompted its - giving may ever continue among veterinarians. I wish to thank you all for the great confidence that you have shown by selecting me twice your president. I feel that it is the greatest honor that it is possible for this association to con- fer, and I trust and hope that my successor may receive the same confidence and support that you, one and all, have extended to me. Election of officers: - President—Dr. S. E. Weber, Lancaster, Pa. q Vice-Presidents—Dr. H. B. Cox, Philadelphia, Pa.; Dr. H. T. McNeil, Milton, Pa.; Dr. George A. Dick, Cain, Pa. Treasurer—Dr. Francis Bridge, Philadelphia. Recording Secretary—Dr. Stephen Lockett, Glenolden, Pa. Corresponding Secretary—Dr. F. H. Schneider, Philadel- phia. SOCIETY MEETINGS. 353 Board of Trustees—Dr. Leonard Pearson, Dr. W. H. Hos- kins, Dr. Otto G. Noack, Dr. W. H. Ridge, Dr. J. W. Sallade. Drs. H. B. Brady, Adolf Berg, Francis Falls, G. R. Fer- terolf, A. K. Davidheiser, John H. Engel and L. G. Marshali were elected members. Many of the counties of the state were heard from through the county secretaries’ reports. The Secretary’s report showed the need for more activity in the enrollment of new members and a more co-operative spirit on the part of the members in contributions to the programs. Delegates to the National, Schuylkill Valley, Maryland, Massachusetts, and Keystone Veterinary Medical Associations reported their opinions of the organizations they attended. The committees appointed to investigate the conduct of Dr. David Roberts on the charge of advertising patent medicines and nostrums offered the following resolution, which was carried: “That the veterinary profession of Pennsylvania condemns the method of deception adopted by Dr. D. Roberts to lull the people into a fake sense of security. “That no one desirous of relieving the burdens of the public and claiming a professional degree resorts to expensive adver- tising to help them by appealing in this way for their money, but makes known any discovery of merit through the channels of the professional associations. “His claims are such as characterize them as not well founded, and, if it was not for the thoughtless endorsements of agricutural experiment stations—often given by employees, the implied endorsements by reputable agricultural and breeders’ journals whose commercial ends often prostitute their reading columns to the deception of their readers, as well as encouraging them to part with their money for remedies that. have not been — proven more valuable than the lines of treatment well known by every trained and educated veterinarian, this association _ would regard such a resolution as the present unnecessary, and _ such advertising schemes as beneath its notice.” | The Committee on Necrology reported with sorrow the death ' during the half year of Dr. Walter L. Hart and Dr. Chas. E. ~ Cullen, both of Philadelphia. ___ There was no report from the Committee on Publication. This brought up the necessity for some work being accomplished in this field. As a result, Dr. C. J. Marshall was appointed the new Librarian of the Association, and plans were formulated Ware a Sat es 4 cE | eer | Ye 354 SOCIETY MEETINGS. to have the proceedings and nucleus of the association’s library kept at the assembly hall in the new veterinary building at the Veterinary Department of the University of Pennsylvania. The Committee on Meat and Milk Inspection reported favor- ably on the work that had been done in milk hygiene, but urged the necessity of a better scheme of milk and dairy inspection than that which was being practiced under the authority of the State Health Department. The discussion of this subject was terminated by the follow- ing resolution: “We, the Pennsylvania State Veterimary Medical Associa- tion, in convention assembled, believe that the system of dairy inspection promulgated by the State Health Department has not accomplished for the state what its aims and purposes called for. The selection of inspectors under the pay and allowances made has resulted in many of the positions being filled by men wholly without any training or special ability for such serious and im- portant work. If this work is to be continued under the State Health Department, we recommend that only those furnishing evidence of fitness, training and experience be eligible for exami- nation for these positions.”’ The Committee on Legislation reported. that the laws per- taining to veterinary matters, live stock interests and public hy- giene had so far been proven to be legal measures in the right direction, but that there was need for further legislation on such matters. If there was to be an improvement in veterinary sci- ence and police work, then there must be a big advance made in veterinary education and to this end every veterinarian should use his influence to secure appropriations for this purpose. A commiftee on appropriations was appointed and every member of the association was enrolled as an ex-officio member. The Committee on Sanitary Science and Police concluded its. report by offering the following resolution, which was passed: ‘Resolved, That this association is opposed to the use of tuberculin by any person other than a trained veterinarian, as such use may,defeat the very purpose for which tuberculin was intended. We recommend that legislation be enacted making the | use of-tuberculin by other than veterinarians a misdemeanor.” The Committee on Army Legislation expressed the opinion that finally all legislation pertaining to practice of veterinary medicine would have to be dealt with by the Federal Govern-— ment. ° : Te ‘ "eas ps a eee SOCIErY MEETINGS. 35D The reports from the Committee on Animal Husbandry were encouraging in spite of the disorganization to which the: live stock trade had been subject on account of the regulations against Aphthous [ever. Tue LITERARY PROGRAM. On Monday evening before an audience of ladies and gentle- men, Dr. Henry Marshall read an excellent paper on ‘‘ Meat and Milk and Their Relation to Public Health.” The Committee on Publication was instructed to have this paper published in pamphlet form for distribution. This was followed by an interesting paper by Dr. Harsh- berger, of the Biology Department of the University, on “‘ The Biologist’s Side of- Practical Plant and Animal Breeding.’’* The evening was concluded by a most entertaining stereop- ticon lecture on “Wild Animals in Disease,’ by Dr. W. Reid Blair, of New York. On Tuesday morning Dr. Leonard Pearson addressed the Association on Aphthous Fever, with special reference to the wisdom of the “stamp out method” and its efficiency in the recent eradication of the disease in the state. The afternoon session was occupied by papers: t. “ Rancid Odor in Milk Due to Micrococci Infection,” by Drs. John Reichel and Henry C. Campbell. 2. “ Contagious Abortion,” by Dr. Stephen Lockett. 3. “ Melanosis,” by Dr. Simon J. J. Harger. “Hereditary Transmissible Diseases in Horses,’’+ by Dr. C. J. Marshall. This last paper caused such lengthy debate that a resolution was carried to continue the discussion at the semi-annual meet- ing of the association in September. Fifty-seven members were present. STEPHEN LOCKETT, Recording Secretary. - MAINE VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. The quarterly meeting was held April 14, 1909, at the Ban- _ gor House, Bangor. _ President Murch in the chair and Secretary Joly at his post. * Published elsewhere in this number. 4 Published in May, 1909, Review. 356 SOCIETY MEETINGS. Members present—Drs. A. L. Murch, Bangor; F. L. Russell, Orono; E. E. Russell, New Sharon; F. E. Freeman, Rockland; R. E. Freeman, Dexter; H. T. Potter, Calais; I. L. Salley, Skowhigan; H. L. Stevens, Farmington; C. L. Blakeley, Augusta; F. W. Huntington, Portland; H. W. Lynch, Port- land; W. H. Robinson, Woodsford, and Achilles Joly, of Water- ville. Visitors—Drs. J. G. Hayes and F. E. Stevens, inspectors of BAG Dr. F. L. Russell, of the Conference Committee of State Board of Health, reported that their committee had decided to present nothing special for new legislation, but to work along educational lines. On the meat inspection bill Drs. Huntington and Joly re- ported what occurred at Augusta; that practically nobody took any interest in the matter; that the bill brought quite a stir-up before the Committee on Agriculture at the hearing. On new legislation, Dr. Joly reported the different laws that were enacted in relation to the interests of the profession. On conference with the Cattle Commission, Dr. Joly reported that the intention of the commission was to employ graduates, but possibly a few honest non-graduates might be so situated to work for the commission. Dr. C. H. Newton, of Dover, was admitted to membership. Upon the application of Dr. J. L. Parks of the Executive Com- mittee was not ready to report. In the absence of the essayists the following papers were read and discussed: “ Enteritis,’ prepared by C. W. Watson. “ Actinomycosis,”’ prepared by W. L. Melane. “A Few Truths for the Future of Veterinary Medicine,” prepared by H. B. Jervis. Dr. F. C. Dwinal was absent and no reason was given for not sending his paper. Dr. A. L. Murch was elected representative to the A. V. M. A. meeting at Chicago. Drs. G. R. Caldwell and W. S. Pugsley were scratched from the list of membership for non-payment of dues. The following gentlemen were appointed to prepare a paper for the next meeting, to be held in Portland July 14, at the — Prebble House: Drs. Lynch, Robinson and Wescott. A. JoLy, Secretary. sd ae ee . de es Sy ee eee Pm ee SOCIETY MEETINGS. 357 KEYSTONE VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. The April meeting was held at Donaldson’s Hall on the 13th of the month. The room was full of members and guests and every man who promised to be present for the program was on hand. The Committee on Legislation reported: 1. That the Antivivisection Bill had not been presented to the House due to the energetic’ work of such organizations as the Pathological Society of Philadelphia, and the Society for the Protection of Scientific Research. 2. That the bills for appropriations on behalf of veterinary education in connection with the Veterinary Department of the University of Pennsylvania for the administration of the affairs of the State Livestock Sanitary Board had passed the Houses and would probably be graciously received by the Governor. 3. That the bill enabling a practitioner to be registered on petition, 7. e., Registration on Petition Bill, was also likely to be passed, although strong representations were made against it. The literary program consisted of: 1. A paper on “ Treatment of Tetanus,” by Dr. E. B. Acker- man, of Brooklyn, N. Y. 2. A review, by Dr. Milton E. Conard, of Westgrove, Pa., of the work he had so far accomplished and was contemplating in milk hygiene and dairy inspection, under instruction of the State Livestock Sanitary Board. 3. A paper by Dr. E. Mayhew Michener, of North Wales, Pa., on “* Pericarditis in Ruminants.”’ The discussion of the first paper showed that tetanus is a subject still full of interest to the practitioner and one fraught with many problems for the investigator. The address of the second speaker met with the unanimous approval of the meeting in that it offered an object lesson on the most rational method of dealing with the question of milk hygiene and dairy improvement. The third paper was deemed of such unusual value as a con- tribution to veterinary literature that the meeting requested that it be published in the AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW. The evening was concluded by Dr. Reichel reporting a case of acute elanders i in a woman of Chalfonte, Pa., who had been infected from a horse and showed typical cutaneous lesions. His _ specimens were very acceptable and interesting. ? 358 SOCIETY MEETINGS. The May meeting was held on the 11th of the month at Donaldson’s Hall, Philadelphia. Dr. S. J. J. Harger occupied the chair in the absence of the president and vice-president. It was arranged to hold the next monthly meeting at the assembly hall of the veterinary department of the University. of Pennsylvania on the 15th of June, so that the members should be able to meet the visiting State Board Examiners. The Committee on Legislation reported the governor's ap- proval of the registration on petition bill whereby practitioners who were known as such prior to 1884 would still be able to register on petition merely; also of the measure making it illegai to offer for sale for working purposes horsekind which are unable to work. The chairman of the Committee on Hereditary Transmis- sible Diseases in Horses reported that active measures were being taken to investigate this subject. The chairman expressed the thanks of the association for the enjoyable evening which the Ava Club of ladies gave on April 29th to the members of the association. The literary program consisted of an excellent address by Prof. Carl W. Gay on “ The Draft Horse.’’ He dwelt upon the essentials of his conformation relative to his work, of the eco- nomic features in his production, and closed by reviewing the strong and weak points in the Belgian, Shire, Percheron, Clydes- dale and Suffolk Punch. The reports of cases included: 1. “ Persistent Unilateral Swelling of the Sheath in a Horse,” reported by Dr. Edgar W. Poweil. 2. “‘ Fistula in the Croup Caused by the Penetration of a Large Splinter of Wood,” reported by Dr. Warren L. Rhoads. 3. “ Suspected Lead Poisoning in a Calf,’ reported by Dr. © Stephen Lockett. The meeting adjourned at midnight. STEPHEN LOCKETT, Secretary. RHODE ISLAND VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIA- TION. A meeting of the R. I. Vet. Med. Association was held at the Hotel Dorrance, Providence, on Saturday, January 16, 1909. The meeting was called to order by President Chas. T. Frey. ees eee ee 4 Troe ee SOCIETY MEETINGS. 359 The principal business transacted was the election of officers and discussion of our proposed veterinary act, which almost became a law last year. The officers elected for the year were as fol- lows: Dr. T. E. Robinson, of Westerly, President. Dr. L. T. Dunn, of Providence, First Vice-President. Dr. G. L. Salisbury, Jr., of Lafayette, Second Vice-Presi- dent. Dr. J. S. Pollard, of Providence, Secretary. Dr. J. T. Cunningham, of Providence, Treas. Drs. Pollard, Frey, Dunn and Salisbury were reappointed as Legislative Committee. A good attendance at the meeting was very encouraging, especially out-of-town members. Meeting adjourned. A special meeting was held at Hotel Dorrance on Manday, April 5, 1909, for the purpose of hearing the report of the Com- mittee on Legislation. The chairman, Dr. Frey, reported prog- ress, as the act had been passed by the, House and was pending in Senate, and we had every assurance that it would soon be- come a law. After a general discussion, meeting adjourned. J. S. Potvarp, Secretary. » SOUTH ST. JOSEPH ASSOCIATION OF VETERINARY INSPECTORS. The Veterinary Inspectors of the Bureau of Animal Industry, stationed at South St. Joseph, Mo., met on February 23, 1909, and organized an association to be known as the South St. Jo- _ seph Association of Veterinary Inspectors. Dr. A. T. Shipley, inspector in charge, was elected president ' and Dr. H. R. Collins secretary and treasurer. The objects of _ the association are the promotion of good fellowship and the _ presentation and discussion of papers of scientific and profes- _ sional interest along meat inspection lines, etc. Meetings will be held at No. 407 Illinois avenue, South St. ‘ Joseph, Mo., on the fourth Tuesday of each month. | H. R. Coitins, Secretary and Treasurer. 360 SOCIETY MEETINGS. BANQUET OF THE SENIOR CLASS, VET. DEPT., U. P. The first annual banquet of the senior class of the veterinary department of the University of Pennsylvania was held on the evening of April 22, 1909, at the Hotel Rittenhouse, Philadel- phia. The occasion proved to be a very pleasant affair and will go down in the class history as one of its most brilliant achieve- ments. Covers were laid for fifty members and the faculty; an or- chestra furnished music during the serving of the repast, after which Toastmaster Cahill arose and, with a few well-chosen remarks, welcomed the faculty and introduced the first speaker of the evening, Provost C. C. Harrison, who responded to the toast ‘‘ Pennsylvania.”’ | The Provost was followed by Dean Leonard Pearson, who responded to the toast, ““ Our Department.” At the close of Dr. Pearson’s remarks, Mr. H: W. Johnson rendered a pleasing violin solo. The remainder of the program consisted of the following toasts: “That Reminds Me,” Dr. John W. Adams; “‘ After Commencement, What?” Dr. S. J. J. Harger; “ East and West,” Dr. Carl W. Gay; “ The Veter- inarian Socially,’ Dr. W. ees Hoskins, and a solo by Mr. Wm. H. Holdt. The affair proved to be a aap enjoyable one to everyone present and broke up at a late hour. The banquet committee consisted of Edward A. Cahill, Harry H. Howe, Marcus M. Fulton and Edward R. Records, Jr. H. C. CRAWForD, ’09. OREGON has a new live-stock sanitary law which went-into force on the 23d day of May, at which time the state sheep in- spector, W. H. Lytle, D. V. M., became the state veterinarian — and was made ex-officio a member of the state board of health, working in conjunction with and under control of that board. — The new law provides that all disease eradication work must be done under non-indemnity measures. Tuberculin testing of cattle is made a voluntary measure on the part of the owner and gives him the privilege of either the modified Bang system or slaughter under the rules and regulations of the federal meat. inspection law. ie tl -NEWS AND ITEMS. THE Bureau of Animal Industry has issued a circular report- ing the work done by the Bureau of Entomology on the control of the cattle tick. EXAMINATION of applicants for license to practice veter- inary medicine in New Jersey will be held at the State House, Trenton, June 25-26, 1900. THE veterinary division of the University of Minnesota Ex- periment Station has just been given $10,000 by the serine: for a hog-cholera vaccine plant. Tue Veterinary Alumni of Cornell, on May 14, 1909, pre- sented to the University a portrait of Prof, James Law, the first director of the New York State Veterinary College. Drs. A. H. McGLasson and James A. Rudolph, of Madison, Ind., have opened a modern veterinary hospital at the place, which is said to be the most commodious in the Hoosier state. Dr. H. A. HEta has resigned his position as U. S. veterinary inspector and started in private practice in the beautiful city of Granite Falls, Minn., where he is building a nice little hospital. Tue London Van Horse Parade, held annually to encourage an interest in the quality and care of heavy horses, recently had 457 vehicles entered in the parade, an increase of 92 over last year. AFTER Cas to Veterinarian W. G. Clark’s paper on “The Relationship of Human and Bovine Tuberculosis,’ the Marinette County Medical Society, Marinette, Wis., elected him to honorary membership. Dr. Ropert W. Arpary, V. S., and Dr. James T. Ware, D. V. S., have formed a partnership for the practice of veter- inary medicine and dentistry and will conduct a large veterinary hospital at Pittsburgh, Pa. GOVERNOR JOHN FRANKLIN Fort, of New Jersey, has re- _ appointed William Herbert Lowe on the State Board of Veter- _ inary Medical Examiners of that commonwealth. Dr. Lowe’s new commission bears date of May 5, 1909. : 361 362 NEWS AND ITEMS. THe Pennsylvania Workhorse Parade Association held its annual meeting on May 31 (Memorial Day) in Philadelphia. The entire set of officers are veterinarians. Dr. Leonard Pear- son is its president and Dr. C. J. Marshall is its secretary. AMONG the members of the senior class of Smith College, Northampton, Mass., whose commencement exercises are am- nounced for Tuesday, June 15, is Miss Helen Budd, the accom- plished daughter of Dr. and Mrs. T. Earle Budd, of Orange, i 3 AccorDING to information received by the Department of Agriculture through the Department of State, the Belgian Gov- ernment has issued a decree removing the restrictions previously imposed against the importation of cattle from the United States — because of the existence of foot-and-mouth disease. SUNOL, the one time champion trotting mare of the world, died a few days ago near Philadelphia. She was owned by John H. Shults for many years who placed her in the breeding ranks. She never was a great success as a brood mare and it is hardly probable that any of her produce will achieve great distinction upon the tracks. Dr. De VINE, of Goshen, N. Y., who has for some time been connected with the Department of Agriculture of. that state as an inspector, is acting as chief veterinarian at Albany in the -absence of Dr. Kelly, who is devoting his entire time to private interests. Drs. J. P. Hart and G. R. Martin are looking after Dr. De Vine’s practice at Goshen. GOVERNOR POTHIER, of Rhode Island, on April 15, 1909, ap- pointed the first State Board of Veterinarians in that common- wealth. The appointees were as follows: Drs. Ulysses S. Rich- ards, of Woonsocket; Christopher Horseman, of Newport; Thomas E. Robinson, of Westerly; John S. Pollard, of Provi- dence, and Charles T. Frey, of Warwick. Dr. WitLiAM T. SPENCER, of O'Neill, Neb., was married to Miss Winona Younkin; of Burwell, Neb., May 12. The doctor and his bride visited friends in Kansas City and Marceline, Mo., during the honeymoon. ‘The doctor has been engaged in the quarantine division of the government service for several years and has a wide circle of acquaintances who will wish him well. — oe a es NEWS AND ITEMS. 363 BECAUSE of its rare beauty and. design, the class record of the veterinary class of 1909 of the University of Pennsylvania has been sent as part of the exhibit of the University of Penn- sylvania to the Alaska-Yukon exhibition. The class record for 1909 eclipsed all efforts of previous years and was decided by the Bureau of Publicity to be the finest record in the university this year. MINNEsoTA STATE LivE Stock SANITARY Boarp.—The Minnesota State Live Stock Sanitary Board was well treated by the legislature recently adjourned. It received a special deficit appropriation of $54,000, and $35,000 a year for the next two years, especially for work with tuberculosis and glanders. This is in addition to its standing annual appropriation, a total of $162,000 for the biennium. On May 15 there was shipped from New York the famous show stable of Judge W. H. Moore, consisting of forty-six head of the highest class show horses now owned in this country. These animals will go direct to London where they will appear at the International of Olympia in June. It is not the intention of Judge Moore to exhibit in any other show abroad and the animals will return to this country. Dr. C. J. SIHLER, of Kansas City, Kan., has been engaged to conduct a series of experiments at the Kansas City stock yards with a view of putting the immunizing of swine against hog cholera upon a practical commercial basis. It is the pur- pose of a commission firm to undertake the immunizing of stock hogs and breeding hogs at this large hog market so that they may be safely handled in a commercial way. THE annual meeting of the chief inspectors ot the various . meat inspection stations throughout the country was held in Chicago during the week beginning May 10. The annual gath- ering was for the purpose of comparing notes upon the special conditions arising in the inspection service at the various points; also upon the interpretation of the rules and regulations * con- cerning newer features of inspection service. Dr. J. H. StraurFerR DEAp—On Thursday, May 13, 1909, Dr. J. H. Stauffer, of Havre, Montana, who had been suffering ‘from abscess of the kidney, died at the Columbus Hospital. The funeral was held from the Elks’ lodge rooms under the auspices 364 NEWS AND ITEMS. of that order. The doctor was both an Elk and a Mason, and the pall-bearers consisted of representatives from his chosen profession (veterinarians), from the Elks and from the Masons. Dr. L.M. STECKEL made a tour through the principal German cities, visiting the veterinary colleges, the large dairy estalish- ments, the stockyards and slaughter houses, and the market halls, thus acquainting himself with the veterinary hygienic con- ditions there. He also visited Paris, where he spent several days with Drs. Martel, Godbille and Piettre, studying the veterinary regulations as carried out in the French capital. While in Paris he called on Dr. Liautard. Dr. Steckel expects to go to Buda- pest to attend the International Milch Congress. Roap Drivers’ AssocIATION ANNUAL ParaApE.—The New York Road Drivers’ Association held its tenth annual parade on Saturday, May 15, in the afternoon. The judges were Mr. F. M. Ware, and Drs. F. C. Grenside and W. Reid Blair. Among the distinguished invited guests were the Hon. Raymond A. Pearson, Commissioner of Agriculture of the State of New York; Hon. John F. Ahearn, President of the Borough of Man- hattan; Hon. Bird S. Coler, President of the Borough of Brook- lyn; Hon. Louis F. Haffen, President of the Borough of The Bronx, and the heads of practically all the city departments. The parade presented a very pretty spectacle and was a marked success. : Potice Docs MAKE Goop.—* Nell” and “ Jess,” two of the trained dogs of the police department of the City of New York, demonstrated recently their value to the department and the ex- cellent training that they have received. After one officer had been mortally wounded and another disabled so that he could not pursue the assailant (a negro), who was soon lost to view and rapidly making his escape, these two well-trained dogs, who are graduates from Lieut. Wakefield’s training kennels, were put on the trail and, after rapidly following it by the sense of smell, soon rounded up the terrified negro, who, upon sight of the dogs, each dragging a policeman at the end of his leash, seemed to have lost his taste for shooting and quietly submitted to arrest. ; SADDLE Horses Brine Goop Prices.—The second sale of saddle horses consigned by S. T. Harbison & Co. this spring was held by the Tichenor-Grand Company, New York, a few —— NEWS AND ITEMS. 365 days ago. The evening was one of the most stormy and un- comfortable of the season, by reason of which the attendance was exceedingly small. The animals sold were of an unusually high class and probably the average was better than at any sale of saddle horses held in this city within the past year. The nine- teen head realized $8,195, being an average of $431. The high- est sum paid for any one animal was $610, which was realized for the chestnut gelding Knute Nelson. The bay gelding Corri- gan, that many considered the best horse in the lot, brought $600, and others sold all the way from $310 up to $575.— (Breeders Gazette.) THe dairymen of Kansas City and vicinity held a largely at- _tended meeting in the auditorium of the Kansas City Veterinary College on the evening of May 18, at which meeting Drs. Hall, Barbee and Champlain, of the food inspection department of the city, made addresses. The prominent question before the dairy- men was the universal one of “ How to produce clean milk and how to market it at a profit.’ The dairymen of this district are feeling the influence of public sentiment and the wider knowledge concerning the quality of milk on the part of the consumers, and they determined to hold a series of meetings and discuss best methods to maintain their business despite the competition of larger dairies producing certified milk. The - State Veterinarian of Missouri expects to soon take up the work of examining the herds in and about Kansas City that they may _ be free from tuberculosis. 4 New EDITION OF THE GOVERNMENT CATTLE Boox.—One _hundred thousand copies of a revised edition of the special re- _ port on the “ Diseases of Cattle,” by Drs. Atkinson, Dickson, - Harbaugh, Hickman, Law, Lowe, Mohler, Murray, Pearson, Ransom, Salmon, Smith and Trumbower, Bureau of Animal Industry, U. S. Department of Agriculture, have been printed _ by order of Congress. 4 While the work is of a popular character, and is intended _ primarily for the use of the farmer and the stock owner, it will. doubtless also continue to be found useful to the student and the veterinary practitioner. The changes made in the present edition consist mainly in a revision of the chapters on diseases of the digestive organs and infectious diseases and the substitu- _ tion of a new chapter on animal parasites for the chapter on _ that subject in the edition of 1904. 366 NEWS AND ITEMS. WE are indebted to the New York State Department of Agriculture for the following list of bills that have passed the legislature during the past session and been signed by Governor Hughes, in the interest of agriculture: Sen. Raines’, S. 1157, regarding enforcement of quarantines. Mr. Boshart’s, A. 1663, regarding approval of work of vet- erinarians not in the employ of the department. Sen. Platt’s, A. 2327, relating to bringing animals into this state from other states. Mr. Shea’s, S. 1482, relating to payment of indemnity for glandered horses, etc. Mr. Boshart’s, A. 2095, giving the chief veterinarian of the department authority to quarantine infected premises, such as now exercised by assistant commissioners. Sen. Raines’, S. 2414, regarding posting of rabies notices. etc. NEw YorK STATE VETERINARY MepicaL Society.—The New York State Veterinary Medical Society will hold its annual meeting at Ithaca, N. Y., on August 25, 26 and 27, 1909. Sec- retary De Vine and Chairman Fish, of the local committee of arrangements, will furnish a good part of the program in the July number of the REview. These dates were decided upon after a considerable amount of careful thought on the part of the officers and the local committee of arrangements, who were desirous not to have them clash with the dates of any other meetings that are usually held around that season, so as to per- mit the great numbers of veterinarians from adjoining states who are in the habit of attending the meetings of the New York State Veterinary Medical Society as well as its members, every opportunity of doing so without in any way interfering with their plans to attend the meeting of the national organization at Chicago in September. A CLIPPING FROM THE “ PUBLISHER’s DESK” COLUMN OF “ THE RurAL NEw YORKER” oF May 15, 1909.—I .want to ex- press to you my sincere appreciation of the stand of your journal in excluding from your columns the advertisement of the On- tario Veterinary Correspondence School at Landon, Ontario, Canada. The many in my own state, and in other states, who. have parted with from $12.50 to $40 for one of their diplomas, which are absolutely worthless, is simply astounding. There is : : ’ : 4 oe ee alae NEWS AND ITEMS. 367 not a state in our Union where these diplomas have a standing, and it is well for those engaged in animal industry that they do not, for such men, with a little knowledge, become the most dan- gerous pretenders to the welfare of the live-stock of our land. W. Horace Hoskins. We can say little to add emphasis to the above, except to ex- plain that Dr. Hoskins is secretary-treasurer of the Pennsylvania State Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners, and is abundantly qualified to speak with authority on the subject. INCREASING PREVALENCE OF ANIMAL TUBERCULOSIS.—The reports of the Bureau of Animal Industry of the United States Department of Agriculture indicate that tuberculosis among live- stock is steadily increasing, as shown by the number of animals found affected at the various slaughtering centers. The increase in the number of cases found is due in part, but only in part, to the increased efficiency of the method of inspection. The meat _ inspection figures show that nearly 1 per cent. of cattle and over 2 per cent. of hogs slaughtered are tuberculous, which is surely an alarming condition. Feeding experiments conducted by the bureau have proved conclusively that hogs are readily infected through the ingestion of feces and milk from tuberculous cows. There is therefore no doubt that the prevalence of the disease in hogs could be greatly reduced simply by eradicating.it from cattle. Considerable testing of cattle has been done in Washington, D. C., and vicinity for the purpose of assisting the District au- thorities in obtaining a pure milk supply, and of obtaining for the bureau further information regarding the extent of tubercu- losis in the locality and for other purposes. In these tests about 17 per cent. of the dairy cattle reacted. The percentage of tuberculosis in various states, shown by tests conducted by the officials in those states with bureau tuber- culin, indicates that from 2.79 to 19.69 per cent. of the cows react, and it is estimated that in the country at large at least IO per cent. of the cows in dairy herds are tuberculous. The recent agitation against the milk of tuberculous cows as 4 human food has had the effect of causing many herds to be ' examined, with astonishing results not only to the owners but __ to the officials themselves. Can it be wondered at that so many infants and children die of intestinal tuberculosis when so many of the cows from which milk is obtained are tuberculous? 368 NEWS AND ITEMS. Without considering the matter as a public health question, but looking at it entirely from an economic standpoint and as a business proposition, live-stock raisers cannot afford to have tuberculosis in their herds. As an illustration, Argentina re- quires that all cattle imported into that country shall be subjected to the tuberculin test upon arrival, and as a consequence ex- porters from the United States have had the test made on cattle intended for shipment. The results of these tests showed that in some of the pure-bred herds nearly 50 per cent. of the animals were diseased, and in consequence sales were lost. When the practice becomes general for all buyers of breeding cattle to have animals tested before placing them in their herds, the breeder of strictly healthy cattle will be much sought after. Already some breeders of pure-bred cattle have established or are arranging to establish such herds. As soon as the breeders fully understand the fact that it is unprofitable to go on breeding cattle while tuberculosis exists in their herds, much of the objec- tion raised against the sale of live-stock subject to inspection will , disappear, for it would be worth the price of several condemned animals for the owner of a valuable herd to know the fact as early as possible if the disease exists in his herd, as the longer he delays in taking steps to prevent its spread the greater will be his loss eventually. Figures for the last year secured from abattoirs where Federal inspection is maintained show that over io billion pounds of meat was inspected, 46 million pounds of which was condemned, nearly three-fourths being for tubercu- losis. The recent effort of the large packing interests to buy all dairy cows subject to post-mortem inspection shows how serious the plague is becoming: Sooner or later the man who raises tuberculous animals must suffer the loss, unless the loss is paid for out of public funds; and when the loss is placed upon the producer we may then know that the end of the disease is in sight. | It may at some time be necessary for the Federal government to quarantine against interstate shipments of cows from certain states where the disease prevails to a considerable extent, and require a strict supervision over all animals removed from such states for interstate shipment, and only remove the quarantine from sections of the state when it has been demonstrated that the disease either has been eradicated or is under strict local quarantine. BUNTIN DRUG CO.’S SOLUBLE HYPODERMIC TABLETS. VETERINARY. No : Per tube of , 10 tablets. Pg pay naa Acree Crystals 0 ooo Sos i cccacdsbicate ag ee i. deeiit. 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Jam me. 336 Game... cccsee us 10 w” tr Sodium Arsenite were 4 00ceseemete oceeunbee sume. =X gr seeee eeeeee d2 i412 Strychnine Sul hate. tee eee tee ewes CORO CPO e ee eree . I-4 QT... cccccce fe) < _ 147 Strychnine Sulphate .............. ccodeetes -ceueeees 3S BEE. .cccens oe <6 - 148 Strychnine Sulphate........ eiieeesecweeneces» Se Peeed ik tanbes ccdnes {2 mag Veratrine Muriate......cccccccccccsees Ss beaseiess wees ae 3 So aaa 12 : 150 Veratrine eg Re PRED aera a eeeereees eee eseeeeeve I-2 gr eee t ee eeeee 12 SN) Please order by number. Goods sent post-paid to any part United States or Canada upon receipt of price. . Norr—Strong advance in opium and its salts compel advance in prices tablets with morphine, 17 INDIANA VETERINARY COLLEGE Chartered by State of Indiana, December 24, 1892. NEXT SESSION BEGINS SEPT. 15, 1908 CLOSES APRIL 1, 1909. Tuition for the three term course : Freshman Term. Matriculation . . . §$ 5.00 Tuition. F x % __ 80.00 Totalzame. 2537 and 2539 State Street, Chicago, Ills. Organized and Incorporated under the Laws of the State of Illinois, 1883. deguiar Session commences the first week in October in cach year. For Prospectus giving all information as to curriculum, fees. etc., addres« the President. JOSEPH HUGHES, M.R.C.V.S., 2537 and 2539 State St., Chicago, Ila 18 Y ‘ EMERGENCY BAG IWNo. A. Best black grain leather, leather lined, with loops, straps and pockets. Flaps on wings for holding in- struments. Price, size 8 x10x15. .$8.00 « * 84x10x16.. 8.50 «© ©84x10x17.. 9.00 Sterilizing Pans, each, Ge eee HAUSSMANN ——— he &. DUNN CO. Manufactures cog Veterinary Instruments, Text Books, Etc. Exporters of 392 SOUTH CLARK ST., CHICAGO, ILL. Write for Illustrated Catalogue We quote from the latest report published on ANTIPERIOSTIN, 5 A new therapeutic agent—a distinct chemical body, no secret combination—for the successful treatment of all exostoses and bursal enlargements, bony growths and galls, splint, spavin ; requiring only one application. The experiences so far had with Antiperiostin can be summed up as follows: ; ‘“‘The most gratifying objects for treatment with Antiperiostin are found next to galls (especially the usually so obstinate thoroughpin), in exostsoses, particularly those that are cir- cumscribed irrespective of size, age or seat, whether metacarpus, tarsus or maxilla. Antiperios- tin ought to appeal to the practitioner on account of its convenient form of application. It will tory aed be resorted to in‘all those cases where the patient for reasons of economy cannot be ept from work very long, or where the owner cannot be relied upon to carry out the other kinds of = tana which are cumbersome and of long duration. That most constant feature, the quic ee of lameness, will always assure the remedy many devotees. It is, of course, essential that the appa” be performed strictly according to directions, and if at all possible, by the Veterinarian himself, after other necessary changes, such as correcting shoeing, etc., have _ been givenattention. With this proviso there is a great futurein store for ANTIPERIOSTIN.” ERNST BISCHOFF & CO., 15 Cedar Street, “ - . . New York City. Continued on adv. page 19. 1 Results secured in both hospital and private practice have demonstrated to veterinarians that THE CURE OF COUGHS, BRONCHITIS, PNEUMONIA, LARYNGITIS, ETC. IN HORSES AND DOGS can be effected with greater certainty and promptness by the use of Glyro-Gernin (Smith) than by the employment of any other remedy extant. — COUGHS.—Glyco-Heroin (Smith) checks cough instantly, relieves obstruction of the breathing passages, liquefies the mucus, allays the pain, subdues nervousness, abates the fever and induces restful sleep. Relief is immediate and recovery is rapid. PNEUMONIA.—Glyco-Heroin (Smith) relieves the congestion, disperses en- gorgement, reduces the fever, sustains heart action, calms nervous excitement, renders respiration free and regular and shortens the duration of the disease. It conserves strength and forestalls the development of fatal complications. BRONCHITIS.— Glyco-Heroin (Smith) allays inflammation of the bronchial tubes, arrests the cough, begets free breathing, dispels fever, liquefies the bronchial secretions, restores the appetite, and prevents the disease from assuming the chronic form. LARYNGITIS.—Glyco-Heroin (Smith) relieves inflammation of the larynx and tenderness of the throat, abates the fever, allays the pain, checks the cough, promotes the appetite and induces quiet sleep. DOSE.—The dose for horses and cattle is one ounce every two or three hours. For dogs, ten drops to half-teaspoonful. SUBSTITUTION.—To insure entirely satisfactory results, it is vitally important that veterinarians emphasize name “Smith” when purchasing or prescribing Glyco- Heroin (Smith), for many worthless substitutes for the remedy are offered by unscrupulous dealers. LITERATURE.—Exhaustive clinical reports from the y foremost hospitals and members of the veterinary profession will be sent, post paid, on request MARTIN H. SMITH COMPANY, NEW YORK CE ee eee ae AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW. JULY, 19009. EDITORIAL. EUROPEAN CHRONICLES. Paris, May 15, 1909. Referring to a part of my chronicle of last January, where I was reviewing the series of the excellent articles of the learned Editor of the Journal of Comparative Pathology and Thera- peutics where the nature of the microbe of Epithelioma Con- tagiosum was mentioned, our readers may be interested in the following extract which relates to that disease and which I have found in both the Agricultural Journal of the Cape of Good Hope and that of Director McFaydean. At any rate the illustra- tions that accompany these articles are too characteristic not to deserve reproduction in other veterinary publications. I will borrow from both our contemporaries, the English and the South African journals, the following extracts and illustrations: * Epithelioma Contagiosum, Avian variola, fowl-pox, or again, sore head, or warts on the head, is very prevalent amongst fowls, turkeys and pigeons in the Cape Colony.’”’ I must say be- fore going further that the article is written by Walter Jowett, Veterinary Branch, Department of Agriculture, Cape Town. The author has seen quite a number of fowls suffering with the dis- ease, coming from various parts of the district, and there had been several publications made relating to it. “ Fowl-pox, or Epithelioma Contagiosum, is a highly con- tagious disease, occurring frequently as an epizootic among fowls, pigeons, turkeys, geese and other birds. It is character- 371 372 : EDITORIAL. ized by the presence on the unfeathered or only scantily feathered portions of the skin, of a number of firm wart-like outgrowths of the epidermis. These growths occur specially on the comb, face, wattles, eyelids, skin surrounding the eyes, the openings of the ears, the base of the nostrils and the angles of the mouth. “ According to some observers they may occasionally spread over the feathered portions of the head and neck and they may also occur on the outer surfaces of the thighs, abdomen, under the wings and in the vicinity of the cloaca. At first, they appear as small, rounded or oval, firm, shot-like tubercles projecting above the surrounding swollen skin. Soon they increase in size, may bleed and are often covered with a dirty looking brown or brown red crust. In some cases the warts remain isolated and attain the size of a pea or bean, or again they are arranged in masses of varying size, when they appear as mulberry-like warty growths. When the growths form on the eyelids or on the skin surrounding the eyes, it is not unusual to see the masses cover the entire surface of the eye and more or less interfere with sight. Conjunctivitis then complicate the cases. In the course of three or four weeks, the growths may shrivel up and fall off, after which event, the bird enjoys immunity against subsequent infection. No scar remains. In other cases, the lesions extend; they may make their appearance on the mucous membrane of the mouth and throat. Most of these die. On the mucous mem- branes the appearance is that of a diphtheric membrane, but it is not of that nature.” x * x “ At the post-morten examination of birds which have died with fowl-pox, beyond the lesions already mentioned on the skin and which may be present in the mouth and throat, lesions in other parts of the body are not usually met. Similar lesions have been shown occurring in the cesophageal mucous membrane, and there is no doubt that when such are present, the inflammatory process may have extended to and involved the intestines. “The histological structure of the nodules shows marked EDITORIAL. 373 thickening of the epidermis and infiltration of the dermis. The proliferating epithelial cells are markedly increased in size and - show in the most superficial cell layers small homogeneous flakes or a homogeneous mass, which occupies the greatly bloated cell cavity and presses the cell nucleus aside. The changes in the cells of the mucous membrane are similar. “Tt is in the wart-like growths which form on the comb and elsewhere on the skin of infected fowls, that invariably the active virus of fowl-pox exists. Scarify the skin of a fowl which has never had the disease and rub it with one of the tumor masses from a diseased chicken, and lesions of Epithelioma Contagiosum will appear after an incubation of five or six days. “In relation to the nature of the virus, it is said from re- searches made by several investigators, that it has been made evident that the causal agent belongs to the group of filtrable viruses, like those of horse-sickness, small-pox, sheep-pox, swine fever and several other diseases. But that, however, it would seem that the virus of chicken-pox is larger than that of some of those diseases, and that it is apparently larger than the causal _ agent of horse-sickness for instance, the virus of which is able E governed by the dampers in the intake pipes. After the ventilators have been installed, the hay chutes and other openings should be kept closed so as to enable the ven- tilators to work properly. Some advocate the use of muslin in the windows of the stable. Although this may be better than no ventilation at all, it cannot be compared with the outlet shafts and inake pipes, as it does not cause a proper circulation of air, soon becomes soiled and then tends to exclude the light. One dairyman informed me that since he had installed a sys- tem of ventilation in his stable, that his household had ceased to complain of the strong stable odor in the clothing worn by the men from the stable. I have visited many stables which were properly ventilated, and I have yet to find a dairyman who con- demns it; but on the contrary, they are invariably highly pleased and wonder how they ever operated their dairies without ven- tilation and would not dispense with it under any consideration. Let us stand by the good old cow, And try to treat her fair, By giving her the best of hay from the mow And plenty of good fresh air. On to Chicago in September. RESECTION OF THE FLEXOR PEDIS TENDON FOR THE RELIEF OF NAIL WOUNDS PENETRATING THE NAVICULAR BURSAE.* By C. H. Cass, D. V. M., Axron, O. The cause of the condition indicating this operation is usually the penetration of a nail or a spike in the depression at the union of the sole and frog, or side of the frog about midway between the point of the frog and the heel. A nail entering at this point, where a great many nails seem to enter, and passing upward about one and a half inches usually enters the navicular burse. This usually occurs in the heavy draft horse of a sluggish nature and slow gait that will stand considerable pain without evincing much lameness and rarely in the light driver that travel at a rapid gait and are very sensitive to pain. The posterior foot is the one most always affected, only one : out of nine cases presented to us for operation was for the an- _ terior foot. The reason for this is that when the nail is picked up by the anterior foot, the horse will nod and attract the atten- tion of the driver who will stop and remove the nail before it is driven into the burse. When the nail enters the posterior foot, of course the horse flinches but does not show the nodding of the head so marked. The driver usually thinks the horse interfered or just a sprain and keeps on driving without ex- amining the foot. After the nail has entered it is quickly driven ' deeper by the horse pulling and carrying considerable more _ weight on his posterior limbs. When once the head of the nail is on a level with the bearing surface, the horse will not show much lameness on the pavement, but when driven on a rough or _ dirt road the lameness increases. The usual history is that the *Presented to the 26th Annual Meeting of the Ohio State Veterinary Medical Association. 421 422 C. H. CASE. nail is not found until the horse is taken to the barn where he is examined on account of being a little lame and the nail dis- covered driven into the tendon and burse. | If you happen to be called to remove the nail at this time, as is rarely the case, upon withdrawing the nail, considerable hemor- rhage will take place, but we never have been able to detect serum, though perhaps it may have been mingled with the blood. In most cases when you dress the wound within the next twenty-four hours, you will find the horse quite lame, walking on toe and from external appearances, the wound seems to be doing fine with no sign of serum. This caqndition may exist from three to ten days, and even longer, the horse continually becoming lamer until you will find on a subsequent dressing a large quantity of serum and pus, and you are certain the nail entered the navicular burse. We attribute this condition to the elasticity of the tendon. The nail having passed through the tendon and when pulled out the tendon retracted and no serum escaped, the inflamatory action that follows serves to keep the wound closed. The serum is infected and depending upon the degree of infection you have the final breaking out of the serum and pus, through the weakest part, the nail wound, sometimes the pus follows up the tendon, and breaks out in the hollow of the heel. One case that we held a post-mortem upon, the pus had followed up the tendon and infected the synovial bursze of the fetlock joint. The external symptoms that are presented by the horse de- pend upon the rapidity of the formation of pus in the synovial bursz, and are very characteristic. : For the first two or three days you will not be able to detect any difference from other nail wounds, except the horse is quite lame, walking on toe and does not want to be moved. As the pus increases in amount, the appetite decreases and the foot is lifted from the ground and often held up, or only allowing the toe to rest. There is some swelling of limb, tenderness on pres-. sure over the tendon in the hollow of the heel, and pulsation of RESECTION OF THE FLEXOR PEDIS TENDON. 423 the metatarsal or metacarpal arteries. When the pus and serum finally breaks through the wound, or through the tendon in the hollow of the heel, the symptoms are characteristic. The horse is uneasy, paws if of a nervous disposition, often breaks out in a profuse sweat which may last for several hours, refuses all. feed and water, is up and down, pulse increased to sixty and even eighty; temperature, 101-103, and repiration rapid. This condition lasts from a few hours to twenty-four or more, the symptoms all the time abating. The quicker you can operate at this stage, the better is our rule. If the operation is not per- formed at this time, and the wound treated in the usual way, the granulation of the tissues around the wound partly stops the flow of pus and the result is that the frog and sole become under- run. Some cases in strong, rugged horses, by soaking the foot in hot antiseptic baths keeping the wound open, will in the course _of six to twelve months make a recovery, but are usually left with a hitch which we attribute to the exostosis which forms on the ‘navicular bursz at the point of injury, together with the thick- ‘ened tendon to which it has become adhered, causing a shorten- | ing of the tendon, and high heel and lameness. When the | tendon is resected we do not have this condition to contend with. In some cases, the pus follows up the tendon and breaks out in ‘the hollow of the heel and may affect the burs of the fetlock | joint. Another termination is that the nail may have penetrated | deeply into the navicular bone and the pus in destroying the bone ‘makes an opening into the joint formed by the navicular bone and the second and third pedal bones. From any of these we ‘may have absorption of the pus and septicemia; with it symptoms — of uneasiness, precarious appetite, pulse 70-100 and temperature 102-106, followed by death in a few days. | _ We recently had such a case. presented to us six days after: the uneasiness set in, down all night, scarcely able to rise, pulse 190, temperature 106. Was operated upon as a_last resort, but: | 424 Cc. H, CASE. the absorption of pus had been of too long duration and the horse died seven hours afterwards. The operation is the same given in Dr. Williams’ book on surgical operation. When we discover serum exuding from the nail wound we pare out all the discolored frog and sole and bandage the foot in a warm bichloride pack, usually allowing it to remain in from six to twelve hours or until we can arrange for the operation. If the patient will eat, it is given a bran mash and water, all © hay and straw being kept away, this is done to prepare the horse for the operation and for the use of chloroform if required. As we have no operating table, and the horse is gone too lame to walk to the hospital, we usually operate at the owner’s barn, if a place can be found large enough to cast the animal. For an anesthetic we give per rectum depending upon the size of the horse, 2 or 3 oz. of chloral hydrate dissolved in three pints to two quarts of water, with one ounce of gummi- arabica. In twenty to thirty minutes the horse will become quite drowsy and sometimes will fall down, but in most cases, where we have plenty of help, we put on the English hobbles in about twenty minutes, and cast the patient with the affected foot on the under side. Four grains of cocaine are then injected over the plantar nerves. The foot affected is removed from the hob- bles, and strapped to an extension board six feet long and eight inches wide, extending under the horse and beyond the foot about ten inches. This is made fast with ropes and a six to eight-inch box put under the end of the board to elevate the foot — for more convenient operating. A heavy tourniquet is applied : midway between the fetlock and hock, the antiseptic pack re-_ moved, and everything is ready. With the hoof knife, the sole, | bars and frog are pared thin, especially near the frog, all dis- colored spots being cut away. The foot is thoroughly cleaned with 1-1000 bichloride solution, hands made clean, and with — instruments previously boiled, a transverse incision with a scalpel | is made across the frog, about one and a half inches from the heel, cutting at a right angle to the tendon, this passes through — RESECTION OF THE FLEXOR PEDIS TENDON. 425 the remaining horny, sensitive and fatty frogs, about an inch in depth. With the sage knives and steady tension, with a tenacu- lum beginning at the incision and cutting vapenadat the point of the frog, this part is removed. Your nail wound is then plainly visible, and can be probed to ascertain the direction the nail took and also the location of the navicular burs. With the finger drawn with steady pres- sure over the tendon, the navicular bursz can be felt. Make another transverse incision, across the tendon, directly over the navicular bone, and proceed as before with the sage knives, being very careful when cutting anterior to the navicular bone, not to penetrate the capsular ligament of the navicular pedal joint. This is easily avoided by placing considerable tension on the severed end of the renee pulling it away from the liga- ment. The surface of the navicular bone is curetted and roughened, the bursze cleansed with bichloride solution, I-1000, and dusted with iodoform and the wound packed with a gauze previously ‘boiled and dusted with iodoform. Absorbent cotton saturated with bichloride solution is used to pack the wound and sole beyond the extension of the wall, being held in place with a bandage. Over this dressing, oakum saturated in bichloride solution is placed covering the entire foot up to the fetlock joint, making it about two inches in depth, over this four or five tar bandages are placed which serve to retain the moisture and keep out contamination. A burlap is tied over all, hobbles removed and the horse is allowed to rise when it wishes. Such a dressing, if you are careful to keep everything strictly clean, can be left in place from seven to four- teen days, with very little, if any, formation of pus. If you can leave the bandage in place ten or more days, upon removal, you will find the wound entirely granulated over and showing a very healthy condition. After the operation, usually in twenty- four hours, the horse will put its foot on the ground, restlessness ~ ceases, appetite returns, and in a few days begins to put some weight on the foot. 426 C. H. CASE. If pus forms under the bandage in a considerable quantity, the horse will begin to show uneasiness, again, by lifting the foot from the floor, resting no weight upon it, together with a rise in temperature and pulse. By removing the bandage, soak- ing the foot in hot bichloride, and redressing as you would any nail wound, the symptom will abate and return to normal. Within six weeks, the horse will be walking with a slight limp, and should have daily exercise in a paddock, or turned out in a pasture wearing a dressing shoe. In two months, they are © ready for work, and after starting at a light work, by gradually increasing the size of the load, they are soon able to do their accustomed work. One horse that was operated on thus, four months afterward © pulled 4,800 pounds up a very steep incline, away from one of the shops and to the depot a mile away without showing any effect therefrom. This same horse has been in constant service two and a half years, and is in as good condition as any horse in the barn. Care should be exercised to draw light loads until the tendon becomes securely attached, and to shoe with a high heel calk for the first two times. We have operated upon nine cases with seven recoveries and two deaths, one death due because septicemia was far advanced before we were called to see the patient and operated as a last resort. The other because we could not convince the owner to let us operate until he saw the patient was going to die, and wanted the operation performed. Three other cases that we have observed, where no operation was performed resulted in two deaths and one recovery, which has been lame for over one year, and consequently of little value. We have come to the conclusion that unless an operation is performed, when serum is discovered coming from the wound, that the horse in the majority of cases dies of septicemia and in the few cases where recovery takes place, the horse remains lame ever afterwards, thus we feel justified in advising the oper- — ation at once from a humane as well as business standpoint. ert neti te — MELANOSIS. * By Pror. Simon J. J. Harcer, V. M. D. Melanosis, or melanism, is a hyperproduction of animal pig- ment, called melanin, which infiltrates the tissues. When local- ized in agglomerated masses, it constitutes the so-called mela- notic tumor or melanoma. These tumors are found in all the domestic species, but most frequently in gray and white horses, especially in those with curly mane and tail. ‘Melanin consists of small granulations, isolated or aggregated into larger masses, varying from a reddish brown to a black color. There are sev- eral varieties. One of those in the horse called hyppomelanin. Melanin is insoluble in all ordinary media, excepting alkaline solutions, and to a feeble extent, certain organic acids. Its aver- age composition is as follows: Carbon 48 to 58—H 4 to 5— U 75 to 13.5—O 25 to 13—-Se to 10 per cent. Fe often (Bard and Hugounenq). The choroid pigment of the eye contains neither S nor Te. Origin of Melanin.—Much research and speculation have been indulged in upon the origin and the manner of elaboration of the pigment. The older theories claimed the coloring matter of the blood, as the source (Kolliker and Rindfleisch). Again, it was an interstitial hemorrhage, the hematin and hematoidin being transformed into melanin (Breschet). By adding blood to an alcoholic solution of mercuric chloride, a pigment precipitate can be obtained having all the properties of melanin (Pouchet). In generalized melano-sarcoma, Brandt and Pfeiffer have found a diminution of the red blood cells and in a horse and calf Bruckmiiller and Bollinger found pigment granules in the _. blood, giving the latter a dark-brown color. The nature of tz * Read before the Penn. State Veterinary Medical Association, May 2-3, 1909. - 427 428 SIMON J. J. HARGER. pigment was undetermined—whether hematin or melanin—and even if it was the latter it may have been absorbed by blood cur- rent or carried there by leucocytes. The hemogenetic origin of the pigment is not sustained. Its physico-chemic properties, the form of the granulations, the high U and S content, the small per cent. and even absence of Te dis- tinguish melanin from blood pigment. The high U and S con- tent ally it on the other hand to an albuminoid derivative. To-day we advocate the theory of cellular secretion identical with the origin of the normal pigment of the skin, choroid and pia mater of the sheep. This pigmentation in the normal organ- ism is dominated by the so-called pigment cells or chromato- phores situated in the pigmented parts. In the skin, for instance, and especially in dark-colored skins, they form a cellular layer between the rete mucosa and the derm. The chromatophore is of connective tissue (mesoblastic) origin, contains pigment gran- ules and is capable of ameboid-like or migratory movements. Thus, the chameleon shows a rapid succession of colors accord- ing as the chromatophores migrate from a superficial to a deep situation in the skin and vice versa, or as these cells are seen throaghout thick or a thin layer of epiderm. If a patch of white skin be transplanted upon a negro, the white area becomes black from chromatophoric infiltration. The chromatophores have the power of secretion pigment granules and liberating them into the surrounding tissues. This punction is controlled by certain nerve centres disease of which may lead to abnormal pigmentation. As with all other secre- tions, however, the blood furnishes the raw material arid the physiologic manner of secretion by the chromatophores is com- parable to that of saliva, pancreatic juice, mucus, etc., by their respective glandular cells. _ The excessive and misplaced pigmentation of melanosis, therefore, seems to be a perversion of a normal function from causes not well known and by some attributed to trophic changes in the nerve centres that dominate chromatophoric pigment pro- duction. It is not difficult to understand abnormal pigmentation alte, SamR ee MELANOSIS. 429 in this way in the skin and subcutis where pigment is normally present, but the explanation of tumors at points where pigment is normally absent is less evident. Pigment may be transported to distant places by the blood current or as in the embryonic theory of tumors it is more ra- tional to attribute this to developmental defects in the embryo, to misplaced pigment cells or to certain embryonic cells which from unknown causes awaken and assume the functions of the latter. This view is strengthened by the occurrence of con- genital melanoma and by the development in man of melanotic growths from pigmented moles in the skin. If melanosis were mere transposition of pigment with age from the general integu- ment to certain localization, all gray horses should be equally affected, which is not the case. Again, we may see it in albinos among equida and in white cattle. In some individuals -pre- disposition to melanotic tumors is more strongly hereditary than in others. Assuming that we are dealing with a perversion of a function congenital and hereditary, it still remains unexplained why this condition is so much more frequent in gray horses and at.a time in life when their color changes. If relation is not one of cause and effect, is it one of common cause? Why is it not seen in all gray horses as their color becomes lighter? Nature.—Melanosis is an infiltration of a tissue with mela- nin in small granular masses, thin layers and tumors into the interstitial tissue as well as the parenchymatous cells. The lesions are multiple but non-malignant and do not produce cachexia. Dissection of horse cadavers shows that the angularis, rhom- boideus, serratus magnus and splenius are the first tissues ef- fected, there is no clinical evidence and no deposits in any other part can be found. : Melanotic tumors are solid, without any special neoformation excepting some -connective tissue hyperplasia sometimes slight, which may give the growth a lobulated appearance on section. Peripherally the pigment may infiltrate the surrounding tissue, or, when growth has ceased, reactive inflammation may lead to encapsulation of the tumor. Jn consequence of connective lique- | 430 SIMON J. J. HARGER. © faction and superficial ulceration the contents become soft and fluctuating like an abscess. The histolgenesis of melanosis must not be mistaken with that of other classical malignant or benign tumors, infiltrated with melanotic pigment. Melano-sarcoma, the most malignant of all the sarcomas in man, is quite common in gray horses. Localization.—No tissue is exempt. The skim and subcutis are the most frequent seat and the pigmentation is said to begin in the sweat glands (Blanc): Anus, elbow, forehead, etc. Muscles——Withers, mastoido-humeralis, intercostals, ptery- goids, diaphragm, around the shoulder and hip-joints. Viscera.—The spleen is most frequently involved and espe- cially so with melano-sarcoma. Vibbert saw such a spleen that weighed 33 kilos. Liver.—Disseminated tumors in the centre of the hepatic lobule resembling the “ cardiac liver.” Also as distinct tumors. Heart.—Epi-Endo-, myo-cardium, valves. Visnet found a tumor weighing 25 kilos at the base involving the larger vessels. Lungs, kidneys, thyroid bodies, partoid and mammary glands in aged horses. Nervous System.—Meninges, cerebral lobes, cerebellum, lat- eral ventricles, spinal cord, nerve roots. Bones.—Skull, vertebrae, ribs, pelvis, lateral cartilages. Ganglia (lymphatic ).—Sub-maxillary, bronchial, mediastinal, mesenteric. In the melanotic tumors may be found in the brain, cord, pleura, peritoneum, muscles and viscera. A case of gen- eralized melanosis, though rare, was found in a white steer. In the calf a form of congenital melanosis affecting many parts of the body, exists and subsequently disappears. In the sheep melanotic tumors are sometimes found. In the dog it is rare, and the pig is least susceptible. I saw a dog in which the peritoneal surface of the colon was studded with small pigmented nodes. Symptoms.—These are functional and mechanical. The - tumors of the skin are of all sizes. Some soften and discharge ~ a “tarry” liquid when opened. The cavity heals slowly. At wt a ae MELANOSIS. 431 the point of the shoulder they interfere with the collar; on the sides, with the girth; on the anus and vulva, with their functions ; on the rectum, impaction and abdominal pain; on the prepuce, phimosis; on the eye, beginning at the caruncula usually, sup- puration and destruction of the eye; in the thyroid, cachexia; in the pharynx and cesophagus, dysphagia, jabat and haven; on the vagus and its branches, cardiac palpitation and roaring; in the lungs, dyspnoea and fatal hemorrhage in the liver and heart, hepatic and cardiac disturbances; in the submaxillary glands, suspected glanders; in the parotid gland, cerebral congestion ; on large vessels edema of the extremities, and when in the chest or abdomen hydrothorax and ascites; in the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves lameness and paralysis in varying degrees. Maury saw radial paralysis from compression of the radial nerve by a tumor in the inside of the arm. Splenic lesions usually have no clinical symptoms. Bouley saw abundant perspiration of the Jeft side of the face, ear, neck and shoulder from com- pression of the sympathetic. Local perspiration without any ap- parent cause is occasionally seen in horses and may be explained in this way. Diagnosis.—-This may be based on the location and multi- plicity of the tumors, the color and age—usually above I0 years of the horse and use of the trocar. Particles of pigment will adhere to the end of the canula. Z SOCIETY MEETINGS. OHIO STATE VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT Dr. H. Futstow, ANNUAL MEETING, CoLUMBUS, JANUARY 12-13, 1909. It affords me great pleasure to appear before you to-day to address this meeting. And I wish to express you my sincere thanks for the highest honor you have conferred upon me by electing me to preside over this body of learned veterinarians. It has been about fifteen years since I joined this association, and I have been proud of it ever since I became a member. Many changes have taken place, a good many old faces I do not see any more, but their places are continually being filled by new ones. The veterinary profession has made vast strides in the last twenty years, colleges which were then two years of about six months each, are now three years of from six to nine months. The entrance requirements at that time were simply the fee, but now in order to matriculate you must have a high school certificate of first class, or a college degree; or if you have none of these you must pass an examination which is the equivalent. Chemistry and bacteriology are more thoroughly studied. Meat and milk inspection and stock judging have been added, which are very necessary to the veterinarian who would be up-to-date. A good many farmers are taking agricultural courses, fitting themselves to cope with new and modern ways of farming, espe- cially in the improvement of stock raising; they also get the course in stock judging, and are themselves just as capable of judging stock as the average veterinarian. The farmer of to- day is not the illiterate farmer of thirty or forty years ago, but he is an educated farmer. Many diseases which were very fatal are now cured by simple treatment. Milk fever, for instance. When I graduated, it was almost sure death, now by the use of oxygen we are able to save about 90%. Many new diseases are making their appearance in this country, although they are not new in the old world, such as foot and mouth disease, which made its appearance in the New England States in the winter of 1902-1903. It again made its appearance in New York, Penn- sylvania, and Michigan this winter, but by the energetic and 479 48v SOCIETY MEETINGS, efficient service of the. Bureau of Animal Industry they have been able to prevent its further spread, although as far as I am able to learn, they have not been able to trace its origin in this last out- break. Boards of health are beginning to realize the importance of the veterinarian as a sanitarian. -No board of health is com- plete without one of its members a veterinarian. In my home town the board of health is composed of five members: there are two M. Ds, one veterinarian and two business men. When you stop to consider the many ways in which the veterinarian guards the public health, his value is immeasurable. There is nothing in the world that causes more diseases in the human family than impure milk, especially among children. He teaches his clients how to guard against disease, as well as assist nature in curing disease. I wish to suggest (and hope that it will be acted upon and carried out at this meeting), that a new order of business will be formulated for this and future meetings of this associa- tion, whereby all the executive business be transacted before the literary program be touched upon. Any part of the business or new business-which may have been overlooked or may arise dur- ing the rendering of the literary program should be acted upon before the clinics are held. I believe we have outgrown the time allotted to our meetings: the sessions are too crowded for time, we have no more time than when the membership was only one- fourth that of to-day. One of two things exists, either we are woefully non-progressive or do ourselves and the profession great injustice. TI think one more day added will meet with ap- proval. It is not my desire or intention to extend this address to a tedious length. We have our business and literary program and the clinics, and our time is all too short for these things. So with this [ bid you welcome to this the twenty-sixth annual meet- ing of this association, and hope that it may prove one of the most prontanie: 1 in its history. YORK COUNTY VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIA- TION. ~The regular quarterly meeting of the York County Véterin- ary Medical Association was held June 16, 1909, in the National Hotel. .A large number of city and county veterinarians were in attendance. The meeting was featured with short talks by Dr. E. S. Bausticker, secretary of the society. His course of ery Dae Ss + eta dian Sr Vian SOCIETY MEETINGS. 481 remarks included practical cases he came in touch with since the last meeting. They were “ Induration, or Hardening of an In- verted Horn of the Uterus of a Cow and Its Amputation” and “A Case of Volvulus or Twisted Bowel in a Horse.’”’ Azoturia in horses and milk fever in cows and the best treatment for the same were discussed in full by the members present. The next meeting of the society will be held on Tuesday afternoon, Sep- tember 7, in this city. An Instance.—Hewitt—I was once kicked by a donkey. Jewett—We often hear of people kicking themselves.—(New York Press.) THE Barcain.—‘ You ought to take this horse,” said the dealer. ‘“ He’s a bargain.” : “Well, then, I don’t want him,” said the customer. ‘‘ I want something to drive, and I never could drive a bargain.” THE CoNSULTATION.—Friend—You’ve never been called in consultation, have you? Young Doctor—No, but I’d like to be. It’s nice to charge ten times as much as the other doctor for say- ing that you don’t know any more about the case than he does.— (Puck.) Enjoyvep It.—‘ Look at that Boston girl at the ghososaph, She is actually smiling.” “Yes, she is listening to Prof. Bea- con’s delightful dissertation on the ‘ Fungous Diseases That At- tack the Larvae of the Brown Tail Moth.’ ”—(Cleveland Plain: Dealer.) | THE State Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners of Ten- nessee, which was recently appointed by the Governor, met in Nashville on June 9 and organized, with the following result: Dr. Geo. R. White, President, Nashville, Examiner in Vet- erinary Anatomy and Veterinary Surgery; Dr. M. Jacob, Sec- retary, Knoxville, Examiner in Veterinary Physiology and Vet- erinary Pathology; Dr. J. W. Scheibler, Vice-President, Mem- phis, Examiner in Veterinary Practice and Veterinary Materia Medica; Dr. A. C. Topmiller, Treasurer, Murtreespore, Exe aminer in Veterinary Obstetrics and Chemistry. - | _ At this meeting certificates of permanent license were cee ito Drs: Frank R. Yourre, McKillip, ’09; W. L. Gates, Ontario: Veterinary College, ’08; Chas. L. Lumby, McKillip, ’05, and A. T. Leach, McKillip, ’oo9. NEW LAWS ENACTED. NEW TUBERCULIN LAW. CHAPTER 588.—An Act to amend the agricultural law, in rela- tion to tuberculin, issuing certificates relative to tuberculin tested cattle and the branding of tuberculous cattle. Became a law May 29, 1909, with the approval of the Gov- ernor. Passed, three-fifths being present. The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assenbly, do enact as follows: Section 1. Chapter nine of the laws of nineteen hundred and nine, entitled “An act in relation to agriculture, constituting chapter one of the consolidated laws,” is hereby amended by add- ing thereto a new section, to be known as section sixty-four-a, to read as follows: Sec. 64-a. Tuberculin, issuing certificates relatwe to tuber- culin tested cattle, branding of tuberculous animals.—Any per- son using or injecting tuberculin into bovine animals for the pur- pose of determining whether they are affected with the disease known as tuberculosis, shall take the temperatures of such ani- mals before, during and after such injections, according to the most approved methods, shall keep a correct record of such tem- peratures so taken and shall send a report within one week there- after to the commissioner of agriculture giving a detailed account of the tests thus made, including the description of animals, the location of the farm or farms upon which tests were made and the name and address of the owner or custodian, and such other information concerning the use of tuberculin as may be called for by the commissioner of agriculture. A report of each such test so made shall be accompanied by a statement of the owner or person in charge giving the date upon which the said animals were last tested, if at all, and if known, with tuberculin, and the name and address of the person or persons making such test. If no such test has been made within four weeks, or if the ani- mals were not treated in any manner for the purpose of prevent- ing their normal reaction to tuberculin, then the report shall be accompanied by a statement setting forth such facts and the said 482 3 E ; 4 NEW LAWS ENACTED. 483 statement shall be duly verified by the person making such state- ment. No person shall give a certificate showing or tending to show that an animal has been tested and found not affected with tuberculosis, unless the character of such test is stated and it was made in a proper way, and unless such animals failed to give a typical reaction. Any bovine animal in which tuberculosis 1s _ clearly diagnosed by a physical examination or a tuberculin test, or both, shall be branded upon the forehead or upon the right side of the neck from six to ten inches back of the jaw bone with a cupital “ T” not less than two inches high, one and one- half inches wide, with mark one-fourth of an inch wide; such _ branding shall not be construed as cruelty to animals within the meaning of the penal law; however, any animal which has re- acted to the tuberculin test and appears physically sound may be retained for breeding or dairy purposes without such branding, - provided a full description of such animal, sufficient for its identi- fication and satisfactory to the commissioner of agriculture, is - furnished to the commissioner of agriculture and a permit from said commissioner is issued for keeping such animal in such manner. Such permit shall not be issued except upon the con- _ dition that the animal will thereafter be kept in a proper man- ner with regard to the protection of the public health and the - health of other animals, and no such animal shall be sold or re- moved from the premises without written permission from the - commissioner of agriculture, and all such animals shall be ac- - counted for by the owner or custodian whenever called upon by _ the commissioner of agriculture to do so. All tuberculin sold, given away or used within this state, shall bear a label stating the name and address of the person or firm or institution making _ it and the date of preparation. All persons selling or giving away _ tuberculin shall report to the commissioner of agriculture the amount of tuberculin sold or given away, the degree of strength, the name and address of the person to whom sold or given and the date of delivery; said report shall include the address of and ' be signed by the person making it. Persons buying or procuring tuberculin shall not use or dispose of it until assured in writing by the person from whom the tuberculin is received that its de- livery to said person has been reported to the commissioner of agriculture or unless they have themselves reported its receipt to the commissioner of agriculture with information required to be | furnished by those wha distribute tuberculin, and such persons | buying or procuring tuberculin shall keep a correct record of 484 NEW LAWS. ENACTED. the amount received, the amount used and the amount on hand and shall report these facts whenever any tuberculin is used, and © if at any time tuberculin left on hand is not deemed fit for use © or.is not to be used, the said person shall forward the same to the commissioner of agriculture with a statement of where and when procured, the amount procured at the time, the amount of it that was used, and his name and address. - If the amount for- warded to the commissioner of agriculture and the amount used does not total the amount procured or purchased a statement shall be made as to what became of the remainder. No person > | or persons shall treat any bovine animal with any material or substance nor in any manner for the purpose of. preventing a normal reaction on the part of such animal to the tuberculin test: No. person shall knowingly sell or offer for sale any animal that has reacted to the tuberculin test, without. giving information of such reaction to the purchaser. No animal that has reacted to the tuberculin test shall be sold or removed from the premises where the test was made without permission in writing from the commissioner of agriculture. Any veterinary: surgeon violating any of the provisions of this section shall, in addition to the pen- alties and fines prescribed in the agricultural law, forfeit his cer- tificate to practice and thereafter be debarred from practicing his profession within the state of New York until such disability 1 iS legally removed. ‘Sec. 2. . This act shall take effect immediately. State of New York, ? Office of the Secretary of State, (ss! I have compared the preceding with the original law on file in this office, and do hereby certify that the same is a correct transcript therefrom and of the whole of said original law. SAMUEL S; KoENIG, Secretary of State. STATE OF RHODE ISLAND AND PROVIDENCE PLAN- TATIONS—JANUARY SESSION, Reads ebaUtes | Rese ahetade dens Louis P. Cook, Cincinnati. Illinois State V. M. Ass’n......... uly 13, 1909....| Bloomington.. Se ; Crawford, Harvard. Illinois V. M. and Surg. A........ an. and Aug...| Louisville:.... hag se Swain, Mt. Pulaski. Indiana Veterinary Association... Iowa Veterinary Ass’n....... .... Kansas State V. M. Ass’n........ Kentucky V. M. Ass’n. 5 00.......% Keystone V. M. Ass’n............ Louisiana State V. M. Ass’n..... Maine Vet. Med. Ass’n ........... Maryland State Vet. Society...... Massachusetts Vet. Ass’n......... Minnesota State V. M. Ass’n..... Mississippi State V. M. Ass’h.... Missouri Valley V. Ass’n......... Missouri Vet. Med. Ass’n Montana State V. M. A........... Nebraska V. M. Ass’n.........e0. New York S. V. M. Soc’y......... North Carolina V. M. Ass’n...... North Dakota V. M. Ass’n........ Ohio State V. M. Pennsylvania State V. M.A...... Philippine V. M. A.. Province of ‘ Rhode Island V. M. Ass’n........ St. Louis Soc. of Vet. Inspectors. tng bat Valley V. M.A........ Soc. Vet. Alumni Univ. Penn..... Sonth Dakota V:M.A........... Southern Auxiliary of California eae VS WES ASS Toe es oon cco So. St. Texas Giese eae wes win City V. M. Ass’n,........3.. Vermont Vet. Med. Ass’n se eee reer eeeoes see eeeee Vet. Ass’n of Manitoba.......... Vet. Med. Ass’n of N. J.......... V. M. Ass’n, New York City...... Veterinary Practitioners’ Club... Virginia State V. M. Ass’n....... Washington State Col. V. M.A.. Washington State V.M.A....... Western Penn. V. M. Ass’n....... Wisconsin Soc. Vet. Grad........ York Co. (Pa.) V. M.A ee ee . anuary, 1910... «See eeeeeeeee sees ree ee ee eres ee sees Monthly... 22. jay 25-26, 1910. uly 14-15 Aug. 25, 26, 27. Jul Ca ee ee ee ee ees eteeeesees ee eee eee es te sees Jan. and June.. ist Wed. fol. the 2d Sun. ea. mo. June 16, 1909.... June, 1909....... 2d Tues. inJ y. ’09 Jan. Apl.Jy.Oct. th Tues. ea. mo. all Exec. Com. 2d Thu. ea. mo. July 3d Wed. ea. mo.. Not stated...... July 14-15, 1909. ist Wed. ea. mo. Monthly........ July 9, 1909..... 1st & 3d Eri. Eve Ist Wed. ea. mo, July 13-14, 1909. Sept. 7, 1909.... Ft. Dodge.... Topeka....:.. Not decided .. Philadelphia.. see eee ee seeeeee eeeee Saginaw Grand Island. Ithaca Wilmington .. argo see reece ee eeeene eee ee eee er esesee Paterson, N.J. Philadelphia.. Mon. and Que. Providence ... Ste 1001s 3: ee Beer Philadelphia. . Los Angeles.. 407 Ill. Ave... St.P.-Minneap Rutland eeeeee Winnipeg..... Atlantic City. 141 W. 54th St.! Seattle........ Pittsburgh.... |.| W.G. Chrisman, Charlo Grand Rapids. mork. Pa...... . M. Bronson, Indianapolis. H. C. Simpson, Denison. B. Rogers, Manhattan. D. A. Piatt, Lexington. S. Lockett, Glenolden. E. P. Flower, Baton Rouge. A. Joly, Waterville. . H. Counselman, Sec’y. Wm. T. White, Newtonville. Judson Black, Richmond. G. Ed. Leech, Winona. i C. Robert, Agricultural Col. .F.Kaupp,FortCollins,Colo. F. F. Brown, Kansas City. W.S. Swank, Miles City. H paver oe ing Water. J. F. De Vine, Goshen. Adam Fisher, Charlotte. C. H. Martin, Valley City. Sidney D. Myers, Wilmington W. H. Martin, El Reno. C. H. Sweetapple, Toronto. H.K. Berry, Paterson, N. J. F.H. Schneider, Philadelphia. Chas. G. Thomson, Manila. Gustave Boyer, Rigand, P.Q. J. S. Pollard; Providence. Wm.T.Conway,St.Louis,Mo. W.G. Huyett, Wernersville. B.T.Woodward,Wash’n, D.C. J. A. Graham, Sioux Falls. 1; A. Edmonds, Los Angeles. . R. Collins, So. St. Joseph. . P, Marsteller, College Sta. S.H. Ward, St. Paul, Minn. F.W.Chamberlain, Burlington Clas Sweetapple, For. Saskatchewan, Alta., Can. M. Page Smith, Wash., D.C. Torrance, Winni g. Herbert Lowe, Paterson. Reid Blair, N. Y. City. F. Mount, Jersey City. sv’le, R.G. McAlister, Pullman. . T. Seely, Seattle. . Weitzell, Allegheny. . P. West, Madison. . S. Bausticker, York, Pa. F, W. W. A. PUBLISHERS’ DEPARTMENT. Subscription price, $3 per annum, invariably in advance; Canadian subscriptions, $3.25 ; foreign countries, $3.60; students while attending college, $2; Students in Canada, $2.25; single copies, 25 cents. Rejected manuscripts will not be returned unless postage ts forwarded. Subscribers are earnestly requested to notify the Business Manager immediately upon changing their address. Make all checks or P. O. orders payable to American Veterinary Review. CHINOSOL is one of the best and most convenient antiseptics that has yet come into the hands of veterinarians. It comes in tablet and powder. The tablets contain fifteen grains and one dissolved in a pint of water makes a reliable antiseptic. It is readily soluble, positively non-poisonous and in- odorous. Sample and literature can be obtained by writing to the CHINosoL Co., whose advertisement, -with address, appears on the upper half of the inside back cover page. Mention AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW. Dr. J. M. Puituies is still manufacturing the famous PHriLiips “PrEr- FECTED” STOMACH TUBE, PHILLIPS’ Sorr RUBBER CATHETER, PHILLIPS’ “ Con- TINUOUS STREAM” INJECTION Pump and Puiiies’ “ FAULTLESS” DECAYED TootH Extractor. These instruments and appliances are the outcome of practical application; the manufacturer being a practising veterinarian, so should be just what veterinarians want. For information write Dr. PHILLIPs, whose address will be found on page 24 (adv. dept.). Mention Review. Spratt’s Dog Cakes during the hot summer months, makes the safest and most suitable diet for dogs of all classes. In summer and winter the Air CusHION RuspBER Horse SHoE Paps are the best pads that can be used on a horse for driving on asphalt streets. ————_—-_— Tue Antiseptic LocAL ANAESTHETIC manufactured by THE ANTIDOLAR Mre. Co., Springville, N. Y., is, without doubt, one of the best local anaes- thetics on the market. Sample may be procured by writing the company (whose address will be found on page 20, adv. dept.), and mentioning the AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW. 496 si aidan al alle al ie ose PRACTICE FOR SALE, A ae practice, no competition, established twelve years, in a good town and fine Surremenng country This includes drugs, office fixtures, etc. A bargain if sold zmmediately. Only those meaning business need apply. Best of reasons for selling.” Address ESTABLISHED, care of AMERICAN VETERIN- ARY REVIEW, 509 West 152d Street, New York, N. Y. HOSPITAL FOR RENT. Thoroughly equipped, cement floor, room for fifteen horses, operating table, stocks, dog kennels, the best operating room in the state, and the practice goes with it ager? | for a man to step right into a living. Best location in a city of 300,000. Books will show $6,coo per year cash. Will give two years lease at $150.00 per month. Four months cash down to apply on last of lease. Other business—will close with first man that puts up the money—Address W. T. R., care of AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW, 509 West 152d St., New York, N. Y. OPEN FOR ENGAGEMENT. A veterinarian, educated in European and American colleges, traveled, experienced in practice and laboratory technique, as well as post-mortem work, is open for engagement. References the best. Address O. F. E., care of AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW, 509 West 152d Street, New York, N. Y. REVIEWS WANTED. WANTED—January, February and August, 1908, and September, 1905, numbers of AM. VET. REVIEW, also April, 1896. Address AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW, 509 West 152d Street, New York, N. Y. WANTED.—Horses, Mares, Cats, Dogs, etc., afflicted with Cancer. Address Dr. S. STRAUSS, 111 West 119th St., New York City. VETERINARY PRACTICE FOR SALE. Veterinary practice for sale, town of six thousand, New York State, one of the best horse towns in the state, good farming country on all sides. No other Vet. Reasons for selling ill-health, am going west. Will besold cheapforcash. Address ae care AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW, 509 West 152d Street, New York, WX, ONTARIO VETERINARY COLLEGE. Temperance Street, - : = = Toronto, Canada. ESTABLISHED 1862. Now controlled by the Provincial Government of Ontario. Affiliated with the University of Toronto. The course of study extends through three college years. ‘College opens October Ist, 1909. Calendar containing full information will be mailed on application. E, A. A. GRANGE, V. S., M. S. and just as they want it. The right way to salt animals is to let them help themselves, Compressed Pure-Salt Bricks in our Patent Feeders, supply refined dairy salt. They mean animal thrift. 1s Popular AVDOGETMIG Syringe wilh the Veterinary Medical Protession “SW Wk DAIG Ce VERRE AAUTE VS. Substantial in Construction. *diqsuswmyJoAA4 Ul 399JI9d DIMENSIONS OF CASE—6% inches in length, 2% inches wide, 2 inches deep, VETERINARY HYPODERMIC SYRINGE. In Morocco case, velvet lined, containing two straight needles, one-halfcurved needle for intra- venous injection, one trocar and canula, and twelve tubes for Hypodermic Tablets. Our Syringes are substantially made, especially for the use of Veterinary Sur- geons, with strong glass barrel of three drachms capacity, protected by fenestrated metal cylinder, with rings for thumb and fingers. ; i 3 By removal of the lower metal end, one or more tablets may be placed directly in the syringe —replacing cap and attaching needle, water can then be drawn in upon the tablets and solution effected by shaking the syringe. 5 Our syeiagee are made with needles to attach either by slide or screw-thread. In ordering specify which is preferred. . Price of Syritige. and case complete. iis vie ass vs Vee. i Be viens the cues heen eee $5.00 TMtta NGedies, SITGIGOE 65a) cians sensei eye kense be Mone as Calienenias ere cece taNeen 35 PLXtOR NOCCIES,; COPVOG 5 5 racdc. 5 canoe cotewbeuincd ex Conead + cha s phates oo here teeters +35 Eetey Trocarand Cannia ts iis icv weet s Soniens £uaen «Wee ship ne ne hiaes cea eawouss .50 NotrE—Advance in metal and leather goods compels us to restore price on our Hypo Syringe and case to former price, $5.00 BUNTIN DRUG GO’S VETERINARY BULB SYRINGE For administering Liquid Medicines to Horses and Cattle by the Mouth or Rectum : Every Syringe has Firm Name Stamped on the Hard Rubber Pipe LENGTH 10% INCHES Consists of a substantial soft rubber bulb to which is attached a very strong. hardrubber pipe. In giving med- ' ; icine or food with this Syringe there is no danger of in- juring the animal’s mouth or breaking the Syringe; any quantity, from a teaspoonful to two ounces may be given at one injection. BUNTIN DRUG CO., TERRE HAUTE, INDIANA Manufacturers of Veterinary Hypodermic Tablets and Hypodermic Syringes (Length 10% inches.) Prices Bulb Syringes, 75c. each; per half doz., $4.00; per doz., $7.50. BUNTIN DRUG COMPANY, 600 Wabash Avenue TERRE HAUTE, INDIANA, EIMER & AMEND, Agents, 205-211 Third Ave., New York. 16 BUNTIN DRUG CO.’S SOLUBLE HYPODERMIC TABLETS. 4 if ‘VETERINARY. = No Per tube of ri ‘ 10 tablets. ie ay meet “Aconttine, Crystals... oigie..:..... deni nesssesncens TAO OF rea se ss fase § — 1m5 Aconitine, CYVSLOIS... . . aiiiesiale nears Oe ES30 OV edie ae «5's 13 $9 +8 = 100 Aconitine, Crystals. ..igee..... 0 o's SEE aaa a ee E20 OT ewe uy' aes 15 < 206 F mo Acommine, Crystals... siyces...... 277 }ONg x) 161 Arecoline, Hydrobrom—Declined.........ese0s seveeees he Bess xeee is o sM OSG 159 Arecoline, Hydrobrom—Declined....... cc... ceceeees WE SOE. coowners ee sc te) nade mr ¢ 160 Arecoline, H ydrobrom—Neclined.... 2... .sceceeeeceess Peri cweeras rs 13> Imp .Ot tor Atropine Sulphate...,....--...--. cocesmeesases tends Im 4 QT .--ccsesese 12 3, ga0u tar Atropine tar ar oo Rit emote sia'e-a ellie wees ceeeee Je 2 OE ioc: vores 15 ES os 119 Atropine Sulphate... © +. .ses cece eeeeeee reece eoee IL QT..cceseeees 30 oas 158 Barium Chloride Rican (SR SRS Geet g arene kira siawie a es © be p arium Chlor,..........602. 7 a | ae 8 Digitaline.. ~ @0000- seooee--.- I-12 gr. = OS eee Carding Tonle s,s isda vnc eee e CA eh ee tee as aie BEES ; be tates lang 8 Pure.. Woxceesukae I-10 gr. Ont a Sparteine Su RS Rr ga I- 5 gr. Strychnine, Nicate.. 1- 8 gr. oO 113. Eserine Salicylate... Seats awoke Oe wirigrt orcs wien semewes OC EEA REC ert 50 BS] a 133 Eserine Salicylate .........0...-.++- ee seen aH) 2 TGR eS pi Ss = 334 Eserine Salicylate........ -ccosccccccee en-eee- I QT... seeeeeee FE 25 =- ¢ e 135 Eserine Salicylate.................... .. gar yap st Thien, 6S I go CS « mae meetin COMBOWUE ios oo sos ca oo es Sakgw to os sae eee ees ai . £00 <— Py) Eserine Salicylate Ae ees Ca ea ¢ —_ = Pilocarpine Muriate...,... I- 2 gr. oy eo a Strychnine cece. ...:. danevs ace ts cm Bf] 1 153 Eserine and Pilocarpine.... ... Aaya agi FES ys, Ry Ser gs tga nA re es ye ee = HSe@rine oi ck es ce cts eee ‘Nat a oO fan) Petar bine «oes cscs sks I gt. 4 3 154 Colic (Forbes)............ Ta vee oe Oe es Ee Uae Os ELH) Sh HE ee Coes 220 |.2 “a Eserine Salicylate...... ue. ee, t ~ © 3 Pilocarpine Mur.....,....... 34% grs.§ | si = 8 ba ao mean eenrgs Sulphate’ ee bait ctes eeWeates 1+ Boros Ness : iS <_{ Cc = 14 yoscyamine Sulphate RYMAN Ske ihe ao ey Coy 0 ee aS Sere ‘ 108 Morphine Sulphate. eeeeeeeeeeee tees eteeseeeeeeeeee eral BT cccccccesee 20 ” 136 Morphine Sulphate............. sists givers pens £56 ete 355.85 Sue ane © 137. Morphine Sulphate........ccccccesecee cececces Shots Se. eran ee 35 = BOE SEOUPINS ONO NR oie ie oe ieee lone uuiarnanieee 2% gers... .... a. 2 155 Morphine Sulphate............. ... calcu vireecns SG eae 50 § 109 Morphineand Atropine .......... .....02-0eee cinelibie vis oa mie sacs Re base 4a AS i Morphine Suiph peg age ..... 1% gts. or > Atropine Sulph.............. \% gr. 139 Morphineand Atropine ............ .. ... oS. ee ae Sicikusieesn ul {ieatine Suiphiiseecee 1% gts. a Atropine Sulp cbecess 4 Qts = 140 Morphine and Atropine ....... ee Gisdbdss veceesss ties eee oe re} {Morphine sigh nh ete, . gare Atropine Sulph............ «. I-4 gr. a. 141 Morphine and Atropine....... ........ ... 0 eee crhbissk steve Oop on { Morphine Suiph.. hides ness: 236 GTS. J ar Atropine Sulph. ............ I-4 gf. ed 142 Nitroglycerine..... ee Sik baths ooo sR oss. THEO BY. .vcasuecen 22 tt] men” Witrogiycerine. i555. ccs. . 3. aves. < ccctdeabese: I-35 @f.. isu: ginees-2 0 ll a 110 Pilocarpine Muriate, Crystals eee cas 6 eae = aa $2 OT. ..cgewans +. 27.50 a4 144 Pilocarpine Muriate, Crystals............+..000 iets) OE ST. ccedapm aces. ae (@] 145 Pilocarpine Muriate, Crystals...... eine sce seirGea.'. $5Q QIS. oS iedeses 3.20 W” IIt Sodium Arsenite ee ee | SOC eee Oe eet er eeee ee eens I QT nccccccess 12 112 Strychnine Sul NSA aa aa CORO RCo eee eeeeee o Anh QT... caceves 10 < 147 Strychnine Sulphate .............. adevccccstiaiics (E-2 OT... cestont It << poet 148 Strychnine Sulphate...... pu euCcbbeesecesccake ES es Pere ne (2 149 Veratrine Muriate....,..,............ 2200s cn ceens ak. eee wae 12 tso Veratrine Muriate............cccecceccee: ES ae 2 SO 12 dp) Please order by number. Goods sent post-paid to any part United States or Canada upon reeeipt of price. Note—Strong advance in opium and its salts compel advance in prices tablets with morphine, 14% INDIANA VETERINARY COLLEGE Chartered by the State of Indiana, December 24, 1892. A graded three-year course lasting from Sept. to April ist. With the new addition to our building we have greatly increased our Hospital, Laboratories, Class Rooms, etc. Graduates are eligible to mem- bership in the American Veterin- ary Medical Association, also to appointment as U. S. Veterinary Inspectors and U. S. Army Vet- erinarians. : Write for Catalogue. Prof. FERDINAND A. MUELLER, Ph. G., V. S§., Indianapolis, Ind. Secretary NEW YORK STATE VETERINARY COLLEGE, ESTABLISHED AT CORNELL UNIVERSITY, ITELACA., WN. S. BY CHAPTER 153, LAWS OF 1894. The best equipment for scientific and practical instruction, for undergraduates and post graduates. Most varied practice for students in the free clinics. Regular graded course, three years of nine months each. Entrance by Regents’ ‘‘ Veterinary Student Certificate,” or by examination, September 21st, 1908. Matriculation September 29th, 1908. &* &% Tuition Free to New York State Students. For extended announcement address, Professor VERANUS A. MOORE, Director. NOTICE. A NEW STOMACH TUBE For use in horses with ACUTE INDIGESTION ; one that proves itself a winner in each case where atubeis needed This tuteas with all other instruments is claimed by the originators to be the best, and if demonstrations could be shown to all we are sure they would say it doesthe work. This tube is double throughout its length—ten feet—made of the best of soft rubber, it having two separate openings or one inlet, the other outlet. The outlet is large enough so that a half kernel of corn can come away easily. The tube #s easily passed through the mouth with the use of a speculum. Price $15.00 sent C. O. D. to all parties. For any particulars address, KNISELY & STALLSMITH, 1117-1119 KANSAS AVE., TOPEKA, KANSAS. CHICAGO VETERINARY COLLEGE 2537 and 2539 State Street, Chicago, IIIs. Organized and Incorporated under the Laws of the State of Illinois, 1883. Reguiar Session commences the first week in October in cach year. For Prospectus giving all information as to curriculum, fees, etc., addres¢ the President. JOSEPH HUGHES, M.R.C.V.S., ‘ 2537 and 2539 State St., Chicago, Illa. 18 EMERGENCY BAG IWNo. A. Best black grain leather, leather lined, with loops, straps and pockets. Flaps on ®& wings for holding in- struments. Price, size8 x10x15..$8.00 «84x 10x16.. 8.50 « * ~©84x10x17.. 9.00 Sterilizing Pans, each, ce es es ae apa 1.50 rrr \ Gis See HAUSSMANN | & DUNN CO. Manufacturers cut Veterinary Instruments, Text Books, Etc. 392 SOUTH CLARK ST., CHICAGO, ILL. Write for Illustrated Catalogue We quote from the latest report published on ANTIPERIOSTIN, A new therapeutic agent—a distinct chemical body, no secret combination—for the successful treatment of all exostoses and bursal enlargements, bony growths and galls, splint, spavin ; requiring only one application. The experiences so far had with Antiperiostin can be summed up as follows: ‘*The most gratifying objects for treatment with Antiperiostin are found next to galls {especially the usually so obstinate thoroughpin), in exostoses, particularly those that are cir- cumscribed irrespective of size, age or seat, whether metacarpus, tarsus or maxilla. Antiperios- tin ought to appeal to the practitioner on account of its convenient form of application. It will rimarily be resorted to in all those cases where the patient for reasons of economy cannot be foot from work very long, or where the owner cannot be relied upor to carry out the other kinds of ay apie which are cumbersome and of long duration. That most constant feature, the quic act h big oo of lameness, will always assure the remedy many devotees. It is, of course, essential that the og one Be be performed strictly according to directions, and if at all possible, by the Veterinarian himself, after other necessary changes, such as correcting shoeing, etc., have been givenattention. With this proviso there is a great RGtae in store for ANTIPERIOSTIN.” ERNST BISCHOFF & CO., 15 Cedar Street, - - = . - New York City. Continued on adv, page 19. 1 Results secured in both hospital and private practice have demonstrated to veterinarians that THE CURE OF COUGHS, BRONCHITIS, PNEUMONIA, LARYNGITIS, ETC. IN HORSES AND DOGS can be effected with greater certainty and promptness by the use of Glyrn-Hernin (Smith) than by the employment of any other remedy extant. COUGHS.—Glyco-Heroin (Smith) checks cough instantly, relieves obstruction of the breathing passages, liquefies the mucus, allays the pain, subdues nervousness, abates the fever and induces restful sleep. Relief is immediate and recovery is rapid. ' PNEUMONIA.—Glyco-Heroin (Smith) relieves the congestion, disperses en- gorgement, reduces the fever, sustains heart action, calms nervous excitement, renders respiration free and regular and shortens the duration of the disease. It conserves strength and forestalls the development of fatal complications. BRONCHITIS.—Glyco-Heroin (Smith) allays inflammation of the bronchial tubes, arrests the cough, begets free breathing, dispels fever, liquefies the bronchial secretions, restores the appetite, and prevents the disease from assuming the chronic form. LARYNGITIS.—Glyco-Heroin (Smith) relieves inflammation of the larynx and tenderness of the throat, abates the fever, allays the pain, checks the cough, promotes the appetite and induces quiet sleep. DOSE.—The dose for horses and cattle is one ounce every two or three hours. For dogs, ten drops to half-teaspoonful. SUBSTITUTION.—To insure entirely satisfactory results, it is vitally important that veterinarians emphasize name “Smith” when purchasing or prescnbing Glyco- Heroin (Smith), for many worthless substitutes for the remedy are offered by unscrupulous dealers. LITERATURE.—Exhaustive clinical reports from the foremost hospitals and members of the veterinary profession will be sent, post paid, on request > e MARTIN H. SMITH COMPANY, NEW YORK AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW. AUGUST, 1000. EDITORIAL. EUROPEAN CHRONICLES. Paris, May 15, 1909. LATENT TuBERCULOUS INFECTION.—A short time ago I re- lated the remarks made by Prof. Vallee upon the very interesting subject of what he calls “ Occulte Tuberculosis,” and in it I al- luded to the discoveries made in that direction by Director S$. Arloing. In the Journal de Zootechnie, of Lyon, 1 am just in possession of an article on the subject by the learned doctor, en- titled ‘““ Documents Upon the Presence of the Bacilli of Koch in the Lymphatic Glands with Absence of Apparent Tuberculous Lesions.” The researches and discoveries of Arloing on this go back several years and he states that, like Joest, C. Noach, C. Liebrecht and Vallee, he has observed the presence of the bacilli, among tuberculous lesions, in lymphatic glands, which were not in con- nection with the visceras affected and did not present to the naked eye any apparent alteration. | At one time it was believed that tuberculosis of the lymphatic glands was symptomatic of the tuberculization of the organs from which the afferent vessels to the giand were coming. But after _ numerous and close observations it appeared that tuberculosis of _ the glands could also be primitive, either because the tuberculous _ virus was transported directly by the lymphatics or again by the venous circulation into the glands. Indeed, retro-pharyngeal _ glands were found extensively tuberculous without any apparent — 497 498 EDITORIAL. lesion in the adenoid tissue of the fauces, bronchial lymphatic glands were seen much hypertrophied and with calcareous cen- ters and yet the lungs were free from tubercules and again tuber- culous glands were found in the center of muscular masses free from disease. Chauveau had also noticed this last and reconi- mended the examination of the principal inter-muscular glands of tuberculous cattle. This frequency of the primitive tubercu- losis of the lymphatic glands attracted the attention, specially upon those which were hypertrophied or only swollen and which, however, presented no tuberculous alterations to the naked eye. They were examined under the microscope. Undoubtful lesions were discovered. Not always the classical tubercular follicles, but often simple infiltration of more or less epitheliod cellular ele- ments, or again cellular elements mixed in a finely granular mass, already degenerated and not taking coloring matter. As in many cases, these lesions were obscure, inoculation was resorted to, so as to establish their nature. Reduced into pulp, this was inocu- lated and tuberculization of the animals experimented with was the result. The conclusion was that lymphatic glands could pos- sess tuberculous virulency without having any trace of micro- scopic lesions. * ok * Many are the investigators who, by their researches, have established this scientific fact. Prof. Loomis, of New York, in 1890 sapcalated rabbits with pieces of tracheo-bronchial glands taken on 48 persons free from tuberculosis: 18 rabbits died without results, 8 took tuberculosis. Loomis concludes that man can carry Koch’s bacilli in his bron- chial lymphatic glands. Terrile in 1897 obtained similar results. Pizzini in 1902 inoculated guinea pigs and found the tracheo- bronchial glands virulent in 40 out of 100 cases. | McFadyean and McConway in 1903 inoculated mesenteric lymphatic glands in similar conditions. They found them viru- lent in the proportion of 25 per cent. EDITORIAL. 499 Harbitz of Christiania showed by experimentation that tuber- cuilous virulency exists in 26 per cent. of the cases he examined, and in which pathological anatomy had failed to detect it. Similar facts have been frequently observed in experimental tuberculosis. Therefore, besides the latent tuberculosis, that is tuberculous localization, inactive, very limited, there is also a latent tuber- culous infection in which the bacilli of Koch do not yet manifest their presence by an alteration perceptible to the naked eye or to the microscope. Therefore, if the latent tuberculous infection of the lymphatic glands is observed among subjects free from tuberculous lesions, a fortiori must it also exist in subjects carriers of more or less extensive lesions. In finishing his article, Director Arloing after giving his modus operandi, relates ten observations which he carried out per- sonally with lymphatic glands, free from tubercular lesions to the naked eye, and resumes nine of them as follows: Number of animals inoculated, 42; becoming tuberculous, 13: remaining healthy, 29. Conclusions: 1°—Tuberculous infection may extend beyond macroscopic tuberculous lesions in tuberculous subjects. 2°—Lymphatic glands inclosed in the flesh of cattle and pigs ought to always be held as suspicious. 3°—Consumers will do well to always push aside in their plate glands that they may find in the meat presented to them to eat! * * * M1xep Tumors.—At one of the meetings of the Société de Pathologie Comparee some time ago, Prof. Petit, of Alfort, pre- sented a number of specimens of mixed tumors of the mamme in dogs, which gave him the opportunity for a kind of clinical re- view concerning these neoplasms. They are conjunctive tumors, particularly characterized by the presence of bones and of cartilage in their structure. Prop- 500 EDITORIAL. erly speaking, this condition varies considerably and the com- plete histological diagnosis is rather laborious. Indeed all the tissues of the conjunctive family may be found in them, from the most. embryonic to those of adult development. And as a consequence the nomenclature of these neoplasms is as varied as it is complicated; fibro-sarco-chondromas, myxo-chondro-osteo- mas, osteo-chondromas, etc. These tumors are often cystic; it is because the epithelial tissue of the gland does not remain inactive, but proliferates and gives rise in some parts to more or less grow- ing and cystic adenomatous formations. Why should these tumors be so frequent in sluts? This is possibly due to the number of mammze, which then increase their chances for apparition. Yet it must be remembered that inguinal mzmmee are the ones most affected. The situation of the organs in sluts expose them to traumatism, but it is not known if that plays any etiological or pathological part in their development. These tumors may reach very large size and then their sur- face is always more or less inflamed and ulcerated. Their growth varies, and they may in a few months be twice, three or even ten times 1s big as when they started. Still at times, when they have’ reached a certain dimension, they remain at that point. These tu- mors are benignant in that they do not become generalized. How- ever, Petit has observed several times, in animals having mixed tumors of the mamme, the presence of sarcomatous pulmonary metastatic centers, without the co-existence of a primitive tegu-— mentary or visceral sarcoma. And as embryonic sarcomatous con- junctive tissue was present in the mammary tumor, it might be possible that by exception generalization might occur. At any rate if malignity is possible under sarcomatous form, the rule for mixed tumors is to remain benignant. In relation to the pathogeny of these formations, there are two theories. The inclusive and the metaplasic. The first, orig- inated in Germany and to-day accepted all over in that country, considers mixed tumofs as kind of embryomas in which, at their origin, peculiar inclusions of tissues (skeletogenous) would oc- cur. While in the second, that by metaplasia, it is only the for- EDITORIAL. o0L mation in the tumors of bones or cartilages corresponding to the simple metaplasia or transformation of the ordinary conjunctive tissue. The mamme indeed contains all that is necessary for the formation of osteo-chondroma. And if proofs of this transfor- mation of development in the conjunctive cells are numerous in the mamme, there are many others very frequent, which result from the same condition, such as the ossification of the inflamed synovial in synovitis and arthritis-of horses (ossified wind galls, and thoroughpins); the tendinous and muscular ossifications as the osteomas of the adductor muscles in man and the aponeurotic osteoma of large animals; the ossification of inflamed arteries and those of the aneurismal walls in horses; that of the cardiac clots in endocarditis of cattle; that of the conjunctival envelope of some tumors as in the ossitied adenoma of the ccecum of horses; that of the dura mater in ossifying pachymeningitis of dog; the progressive ossification of the pulmonary alveolar walls in en- teque of Argentine cattle, etc., etc., and many others that show evidently the possibility of the conjunctive tissue to develop into bone or cartilage. All conjunctive tissues have a common origin, their properties are identical, they transform into one another easily and behave in pathology as they do after all, in the course of the development of the normal organism and metaplasia is suf- ficient in theory to explain the pathogeny of mixed tumors of the mamme. * | * * An Important Law Suit.—lIt is not customary to find-in our professional journal records of law suits, where the difference of opinions between veterinary experts is brought about, whether as is frequently the case in relation to a question of soundness or unsoundness, or when an action at law is brought for a supposed offense with the laws for the prevention of cruelty to animals. We differ on that with European publications and probably it is better; as after all, that exhibition of professional discrepancies is not likely to be of any advantage to the profession, if it is to one or another individual. But it matters not, and yet it is a pe- ~ 502 EDITORIAL, culiar fact that, whether these cases are not common in the United States or whether no one thinks them worthy of record, at any rate they have seldom, if ever, been presented in our pages. Per- haps it is best, for law quarrels are always more or less objec- tionable. Shall I be excused for presenting the following? I have found lately in one of our best exchanges, Veterinary News, a concise record of a very important case decided a short time ago in the United States and, although it has not been as favorable to somé of our friends as they expected, without de- siring to appear to be on one side more than on the other, I relate the case as recorded in the Montreal Daily Star and as it appears in the News. MONTREAL FARMERS LOSE GREAT SUIT AGAINST SMELTER. Judgment has just been rendered in Montana in a case ot the highest importance, involving not only a claim for some $2,000,- 000 damages, but also the fate of the greatest copper smelter on earth. The suit was brought by the farmers of Deer Lodge County, Montana, against the Anaconda Copper Mining and Smelter Company, Dr. D. McEachran, Montreal, had charge of the company’s scientific defense. The plaintiffs sought to re- cover damages and to secure an injunction to prevent the oper- ation of the smelter. The farmers complained that the smoke from the smelter caused damages to their crops, animals and land. Dr. Duncan McEachran was placed in charge of the scientific investigations necessary to establish the relation of the company to any damage that might be caused in the neighborhood. He began this work in 1905 and on his preliminary report the company based its suc- cessful defense. Dr. McEachran associated with himself in this work Prof. Theobald Smith, of Harvard University; Prof. Vera- nus A. Moore, Director of the New York State Veterinary Col- lege, Cornell University; Prof. Leonard Pearson, Dean of the Faculty of Comparative Medicine, Pennsylvania University; and Dr. A. H. Gardner; of Boseman Agricultural College, Montana, ON. A ey, aa) ee EDITORIAL. 503 with Dr. Williams Wherry and two assistants in charge of the Bacteriological Laboratory. Besides the above-named gentlemen who had to deal with the questions affecting animals, there were employed chemists, toxicologists, physicists, mining engineers, smelting experts, plant pathologists, botanists, meteorologists and soil experts, stockmen, farmers, butchers and various other experts in difterent lines. The investigations by the army of scientists began in June, 1905, and the hearing opened in January, 1906, before Justice Grane, Master-in-Chancery, and continued until March, 1907, one year, two months and eleven days. Two hundred and fifty witnesses were heard in more than three hundred separate exam- inations. Eight hundred and thirty-five exhibits were placed in evidence, comprising several cartloads of animal, vegetable, pho- tographic and printed matters. It is not surprising, therefore, that the judge who had to render the decision took nearly two yeais to go over the record and arguments in the case. It is rumored that an appeal to higher court is to be presented by the farmers of Deer Lodge County! % oS * Carinc WiLp ANIMALS IN SICKNEss.—I suppose that things are much changed since the year of 1865 or 1866, when I was fortunate enough to be (thanks to my friend Conklin, then man- ager) the attending veterinarian of the few sick animals that were now and then found in the zoological garden of the Cen- tral Park in New York. It was then if I am not mistaken the only one deserving that name in the United States. Now all the grand cities of America have Central Parks of their own and zoological gardens; and for them the position that I held years ago has considerably changed also, I suppose. To mention but one. No doubt, the name of Prof. W. Reid Blair, veterinary pathologist to the Zoo of New York, is familiar to all of us. Well, zoological gardens have grown, they are to-day in all prob- ability centers of enjoyment for many, and of instruction for a few; and it is certain that they can rivalize with any that exist 504 EDITORIAL. anywhere, providing they receive the proper financial support which they need. But I am afraid that the next step which is being realized in the Zoo of London will remain for a while ab- sent from American gardens. Indeed an infirmary for wild ani- mals and birds is being erected, with an operating room, a post- mortem room and an anatomical and pathological laboratory. This hospital will be big enough to receive all kinds of animals, and while there may not be accommodations for elephant, hippo- potamus or rhinoceros, yet every other denizen of the gardens may be cared for in the hospital, lions and tigers included. Wild animals are like human beings when they are ill, they need quiet- ness, and the best way for them to escape the attention of sight- seers 1s to remove them to the hospital. The advantages and necessities for the hospital are considered as follows by the Morn- ing Post: “To a large extent pathologists are ignorant of the diseases of wild animals, even when the pathologists have the great expe- rience of those connected with zoological collections. On the other hand, knowledge on the subject is steadily advancing in spite of the difficuity of handling the creatures and diagnosing the case. The officials at the Zoo are not, however, entirely, without guidance when treating their patients medicinally, for animals most like man, that is the apes, suffer from ailments similar to him. ‘The further the creatures are from human beings in con- stitution, the less like them are they in disease and the more dif- ficult to treat. Again, however, there is some clue to the course to be followed. Next to. man’s ailments we know most about those of domestic animals, and so the treatment needed by a sick cat is some guide in dealing with ailing lions, tigers and leopards, which are nothing but big cats. Experience in doctor- ing dogs is applied to foxes and wolves. Knowledge of the ail- ments of cattle benefits buffalos, bison, antelopes and wild cattle. The medical treatment of pigs is useful to wild boars and so on. But zoological classification is not everything in dealing with the diseases of wild animals. The rhinoceros and the tapir come under the same category as the horse, the hippopotamus under EDITORIAL. 505 that of the pig, while the camel, though a class in himself, is at least a ruminant like many other creatures; but it cannot be said with certainty that any of these wild animals have exactly the same diseases as the domestic representatives of their classes. Indeed, there are few if any cases in which that assertion can be made with confidence.” eRe TusercuLous Lesions oF THE TRACHEA.—Veterinarians are, generally speaking, familiar with almost all the lesions that are found in tuberculosis, and except those that one has difficulty to establish in those recently named forms of the disease, the occult tuberculosis, they are readily made out; even if small and difficult to detect. Yet there are some which assume at times a peculiar aspect; and it is to those that a sanitary veterinarian, Mr. Chretien, refers in the article that he has published in Hy- giene de la Viande et du Lait, under the title of “ Peculiar Tu- berculous Lesions of the Trachea.” Tracheal lesions are relatively frequent in tuberculosis of bo- vines. They are observed under the form of isolated or agglom- erated ulcerations, interesting the mucous membrane of that or- gan. They are the final stages of tubercles which have developed in the very thickness of the mucous membrane. They undergo rapidly the caseous degeneration, become softened and ulcerate inside of the trachea, where they form ulcerated surfaces, some- times granulating, which cicatrize exceptionally. Their situation varies, but most ordinarily they are in the upper part of the tra- chea, in the region near the larynx, where the lymphatic vessels are very abundant. But besides these lesions, there are others, which have an al- together special situation. They are found in the conjunctive fibrous tissue included between the sides of the triangular space formed by the two cartilaginous crests of the trachea and the muscle of Reissessen, resting on the mucous membrane. The lesions are found only by a transversal, or better, a longitudinal section of the trachea, interesting the mucus in its superior part and the conjunctive tissue situated between the cartilages. BOG EDITORIAL. Microscopically, they present themselves as small nodules, fibrous and varying in size from that of a seed of millet to that of a pear or again being as large as a true abscess with thick walls and containing thick whitish creamy pus. These lesions are always well defined and do not seem to in- volve the cartilages nor the muscle.. The author has found these lesions in 51 occasions out of 268 cases of tuberculous animals. The microscopic examination of the contents of the abscesses may remain negative, or again the subcutaneous inoculation to guinea pigs may be followed by the specific infection and generalized tuberculosis. The histological examination of the nodules show that the lesions are more or less fibrous, or casefied or infiltrated with calcareous salts; but without giant cells. It is exclusively located to the intermediate connective tissue between the muscle of Reis- sessen and the cartilage. There is no tendncy to involve the mucous membrane. As to the pathogeny of these lesions, it is explained by the infection of the lymphatic or of microscopic glands, in relation with the bronchial glands which are always affected in those cases. % * * GirKI and GippAu are the names given to a disease described in the Journal of Tropical Veterinary Science by A. S. Leese, Esq., M. R. C. V.'S., in an article on “ Two Diseases of Young Camels.” : “This affection is found in camel bachas, bred and reared on the Kala Chitta range in Attock district. Girki means knuckling and Giddah deformity. The young camel begins to show girka or knuckling of the fore and hind fetlocks at about six months of age, and unless removed from the stony rakhs, he gets worse and the fetlock joints take an inward bend and soon become quite deformed. At amore advanced stage, the knee joints themselves bend inwards and knock together when the animal walks. There is no marked bony enlargement until the joint begins to bend in- wards when an exostosis of a compensatory kind is formed. EDITORIAL. DOT Lameness may be absent, slight or again quite severe. The gen- eral condition of the animal remains good. * The cause of this affection is the hard nature of the surface of the range which is covered with loose stones; this is too much for the immature joints of the very young bachas, and they suffer accordingly. The condition is distinct from rachitis. Two-year-olds reared from birth on stony rakhs. The deformity and the good general condition is well shown. THE JOURNAL OF TROPICAL VETERINARY SCIENCE, VOL. IV, PART I. * Prevention.—Although known to local camel men, these conditions rarely occur in camel bachas, because most of the stony rakhs are closed to private camel-grazing, and it is a local practice 508 EDITORIAL, at the end of the breeding season to take dachis and young bachas down to the cultivated parts of the country, and as a matter of facts, to take the young animals off the stones when they are very young. When the animal is about one year old, there seems to be little danger of causing deformity. His feet have become hardened and the animal gets accustomed to hill-climbing and hill-grazing, which are important. qualities for camels destined for military transport work.” 3 Pata ASSOCIATION OF Live Stock SANITARY Boarps.—TIn the May Review an acknowledgment was made of the publication of the proceedings of the 12th annual meeting of this organiza- tion. It was scarcely a sufficient notice, as the report deserves a better one, and although it is nearly ten months since this meet- ing has taken place, I hope I may be permitted to say a word about it or at least about the transactions that took place. It is to Doctor C. E. Cotton, of Minneapolis, who is and we hope will remain the Secretary and Treasurer of the Association, that those who desire to read the report of the proceedings must address themselves. Of course, the business of the meeting were of themselves interesting, and during the three days that the con- vention lasted, the reading of the papers and their discussion with other miscellaneous subjects, there has been but little time to spare. The subjects of the Progress of Tick Eradication was treated by Dr. Tait Butler; that of the Prevention of Hog Chol- era by Chief A. D. Melvin; State Meat Inspection by Dr. J. M. Wright; Glanders by Dr. S. W. Ward. The subject of Tubercu- losis called for papers from Dr. Luckey on the Federal, State and City Co-operations in the Eradication of Tuberculosis, from Dr. Klein on the Control of Tuberculosis in Pennsylvania, from Dr. Dalrymple on Bovine Tuberculosis in Louisiana and some other Southern States, from Chief Melvin on the Control of Tuber- culosis. Doctor J. R. Mohler presented also a report on three diseases of animals which have recently assumed importance to the sanitary veterinarians of the states. 3 EDITORIAL. 509 After a series of obituary resolutions, the following were moved and accepted : 1°—In relation to the vaccine of the Board of Animal Indus- try ; that the association, in view of the efficacy of the vaccine as a preventive and control measure, heartily recommend that all state legislatures be requested by their representatives, now as- sembled, to appropriate sufficient funds, whereby such vaccine may be manufactured and distributed under the direction of the state authorities charged with the control of animal, contagious and infectious diseases of their respective states. 2°—That the Association strongly recommends closing all public watering troughs in and during any outbreaks of glanders, and that hydrants from which teamsters may draw water in pri- vate buckets be substituted for the type of watering troughs now in common use. 3°—That the Association urges upon every state the enact- ment of some provision looking to the immediate eradication of tuberculosis from the herds of its state institutions. 4°—That the action of the Board of Commissioners of the District of Columbia, viz., the promulgation of an order requiring the muzzling for a period of six months of all dogs while at large in the District, be highly commended by this Association with the recommendation that similar action be taken by all sani- tary officers in other sections where rabies is known to prevail. 5°—That this Association recommend that the law be modi- fied to allow the shipment interstate of tuberculous cattle to any abattoir at which the United States Department of Agriculture maintains inspection. Shipment to be under such restrictions as the Secretary of Agriculture in his wisdom may determine. 6°—That this Association request that when cattle shipped from one state into another for dairy or breeding purposes are found to be tuberculous upon inspection at destination, that the proper authorities of the state into which the cattle has been shipped be authorized to issue, upon request from the consignor, a permit for the return of said cattle in quarantine to the point of. 510 EDITORIAL. origin, provided notice of such return is given immediately to the proper authorities of the state to which the cattle are to be re- turned. 3 Every veterinarian must hope for the realization of all those Wise notions. The next meeting of the Association will take place in Chey- * enne. : * * 3 Among the pamphlets that I have received this month, there is one from the Bureau of Animal Industry, “ The Score-card System of Dairy Inspection,’ by M. M. C. B. Lane and G. M. Whitetaker, one from the Department of Agriculture from the State of New York on the Nature and Diagnosis of Rabies and Its Extent in New York, by Director V. A. Moore, and the very interesting report of the State Veterinary College for 1907-1908, as transmitted to the legislature in 1909. Pa THE VETERINARY CONVENTION AT CHICAGO. In the June issue, the Review dwelt somewhat at length on the advantages of Chicago as a convention city for the A. V. M. A., so that to elaborate further on that aspect of the ap- proaching meeting is useless. Let us rather dwell upon the out- look from the present indications. Two of the most important factors in the success of any convention next to an auspicious place of meeting, are a large attendance and a good program. Of the former, we have every indication, from the national voice of the veterinarian as it is wafted into the Review office from the four points of the compass, eagerly anticipating the “ coming meeting of the A. V. M. A.” Of the latter we have positive evi- dence in the form of a communication from Secretary Lyman (which will be found in our correspondence department), em- EDITORIAL. : aE bodying a program up to the date of his writing that constitutes in itself an inspiration to be present at the proceedings of the Forty-sixth Annual Convention of the American Veterinary Medical Association, that it will be difficult to resist even by those who have thus far withstood the temptation, feeling that they could not afford the time necessary to attend it. They now, on reading the program, realize that, on the other hand, they can- not afford to miss the opportunity of participating in the deltbera- tions of their national organization, and conclude to “ break away’ and meet their professional brethren at Chicago. This is a very sane realization and wise conclusion, and where it is possible, should include the wives of veterinarians who are for- tunate enough to have them. In concluding our suggestions to those who are planning to attend the Veterinary Convention at Chicago on September 7, 8, 9 and 10, we may be pardoned if we sound a warning against possible error in the dates by mislead- ing stationery of resident state secretaries. This may seem superfluous until we explain, that with but one exception all letters that have been received at the Review office from resi- dent state secretaries have borne the original, discarded dates set for the A. V. M. A. meeting, and are still coming in that way. Therefore, we repeat, that you cannot be too careful in recording the dates given you in your communications from Secretary Lyman, and as published in the REVIEW. CHICAGO, SEPTEMBER 7, 8, 9 and Io. AN INNOVATION IN ORGANIZATIONS. An organization has been formed at Upper Sandusky, Ohio, that surely marks an era in the advancement of comparative and sanitary medicine. “ The Ohio Society of Comparative Med- icine ” is the outgrowth of the efforts and hospitality of Dr. G. W. Cliffe, of that place, who a year ago entertained veterinarians 512 EDITORIAL. from all parts of Ohio, together with the physicians from his locality. Sufficient enthusiasm in a common cause was stimu- lated at that gathering, in physicians and veterinarians alike, to prompt the organization of the above-named society. When it holds its first annual meeting at Upper Sandusky, August 25th and 26th, it will be unique in that its president is a veterinarian and its vice-president is a physician. Its secretary- treasurer ts a veterinarian, giving the veterinarians the majority in its officers. In its executive board the same condition exists, for, while the chairman is a physician, three of the five members of the board are veterinarians. This amicable commingling of physi- cians and veterinarians on common ground, and in a common cause, sanitary medicine, is surely a step in the right direction, and much good from it must accrue, as the physician and veter- inarian have so much to offer each other. The result of this exchange of thought and different experi- ences in the application of the principles of medicine, is manifest in the very attractive program* which they have prepared. Not too extensive, but carefully selected. The Review strongly in- dorses the movement, commends those that have begun it, pre- dicts excellent results from it, and urges its emulation in other localities. AMERICAN VETERINARIANS AT THE HacueE.—Several prominent American veterinarians have already departed for Europe to attend the International Congress at The Hague in September. Others are contemplating going. The quality of the men that have already gone from America insures us good representation at the Congress; and we shall look forward to excellent reports of the proceedings, on their return. * Printed on page 622, this issue, es Se eer —S ORIGINAL ARTICLES. FEDERAL MEAT INSPECTION AND MUNICIPAL ABATTOIRS. By G. A. JoHnson, D. V. M., INsPpEcToR BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY, Sioux City, Iowa. Meat Inspection, in a broad sense of the term, is a very im- portant subject, one that is not only very closely interwoven with the wholesomeness of the meat supply, but also with the live stock industry of the country. For this reason it will be impos- sible to more than very briefly touch upon some of the more im- portant points of the subject. Meat inspection is not new, it having been practiced in some form and to a certain extent since the time of Moses, the Jewish law giver; nevertheless, it is doubtful if the masses have ever had a very comprehensive idea of its importance. When we take into consideration that the per capita con- sumption of meats in this country 1s approximately 180 pounds per annum, that it forms approximately 30 per cent. of the total nutritive material, and amounts to about 30 per cent. of the total cost of living, and the fact that our meat-producing ani- mals are subject to diseases, which not only render their flesh un- wholesome for food, but which are also capable of being directly transmitted from the lower animals to man through the con- sumption of the flesh, under certain conditions, it must be agreed that efficient meat inspection is of great sanitary importance. It has been stated that meat inspection has kept abreast with sanitary science and the knowledge of the etiology of disease, but this may be questioned, for we find that aside from the fed- eral system, meat inspection has, until recently, received but little . 513 514 G. A. JOHNSON. official action in this country ; and it is an acknowledged fact that the federal inspection law was forced upon us by foreign coun- tries refusing to purchase our surplus meat products because they were not inspected. As a consequence our federal inspection was at first based upon commercial grounds, solely, but I am happy to state that federal inspection has developed from this crude beginning, until to-day, it is a most comprehensive system based upon scientific principles. On the other hand, municipal inspection has made but little progress. This may be accounted for, at least in part, first be- cause a meat inspection system can be more easily perfected under federal than under state or municipal governments; second, it can be more economically conducted in large establishments than small ones; third, the necessary money can usually be more easily secured through Congress than through the ordinary state legis- lature or city council; and fourth, but not least, the states and municipalities have not had the strong commercial spirit to urge them on, as has the federal government; or to put it in another way, they have not been sufficiently “jungleized.” Yet any’ municipality can have efficient meat inspection whenever a ma- jority of its citizens demand it and are willing to pay the ex- pense, provided too many do not demand it at the same time. The Act of Congress of March 3, 1891, provided for the in- spection of live animals and the carcasses at the time of slaughter, but it failed to provide for further supervision of the meats. This was satisfactory so far as it went, but it soon became evident to those intimately connected with the work that it did not go as far as it should, yet it was not till after the meat scandal, with which you are all familiar, that Congress was induced to pass the law known as “ The Act of Congress of June 30, 1906,” which empowers federal inspectors to assume supervision not only _of the slaughtering, but also of the care, curing and shipping of all edible products, in those establishments operating under fed- eral inspection. a ie ieee FEDERAL MEAT INSPECTION AND MUNICIPAL ABATTOIRS. 515 This supervision consists, first, in an ante-mortem inspection of the animals to be slaughtered ; second, a macroscopic inspection of all carcasses at the time of slaughter, and third, a close super- vision of the curing, processing and marking, of all meats han- died in the establishment. The ante-mortem inspection consists in having all animals destined to establishments operating under federal inspection, in- spected by skilled men for evidence of any disease that might render the flesh unwholesome for food; and in case an animal is found to be so diseased it is tagged for identification, and a no- tice is forwarded to the inspector conducting the post-mortem inspection, giving the reasons for tagging the animal and such other information as may be deemed advisable.. Such animals are killed separate from others and are disposed of in accordance with the pathological lesions presented, in connection with the information obtained from the ante-mortem inspection. The post-mortem inspection consists in making a close ma- croscopic or digital examination of, first, the lymph glands of the head and throat; second, the viscera and accompanying lymph glands; and third, an examination of the serous mem- branes, the vertebrz, etc., after the carcass has been split. In case lesions or conditions are discovered that render the carcass or a part thereof unwholesome or unfit for avid it is condemned and destroyed for food purposes. In this connection it should be understood that a place or re- taining room is provided where diseased or abnormal carcasses that cannot be given sufficient inspection on the killing floor are sent for final inspection and disposition. Thus it will be seen that a very rigid and comprehensive in- spection is given all carcasses before they are passed for food. And in order that this work of the Bureau should be done on a scientific basis, the Hon. James Wilson, Secretary of Agriculture, appointed a commission composed of eminent physicians and vet- erinarians who were not connected with the Bureau, to investi- gate and advise relative to the disposition of meats affected with 516 Gq. A. JOHNSON. disease or abnormal conditions, and this part of the work of the Bureau is being carried out along the lines laid down by this com- mission of experts. However, the work does not end here as formerly, but it is carried on in each department of the establishment by Bureau employees. A meat inspector is placed in the cutting room to see that the work is done in a cleanly manner and to secure and con- demn any meats that are allowed to become dirty, or diseased parts that may have escaped detection on the killing floor; other employees are stationed in the pickling and smoking departments to see that the work is done in a cleanly manner, that no dele- terious preservatives are used and to inspect the meats being shipped from these departments in order to detect and condemn such as may have undergone deterioration during the curing process; similar supervision is given to the canning and sausage departments to see that the products are handled in a cleanly and sanitary manner, that no spoiled or diseased meats are used, and that all products are branded what they are. To illustrate, pig tongues must not be branded lamb tongues, nor minced meats branded pressed ham, ete. Strict supervision is exercised over the rendering and re- fining departments to see that none but clean, sweet, wholesome fats are used, and that the products are propery branded. The sanitary conditions of the establishment are looked after and it is required that all of the work of handling and caring for the meats and meat food products be done in a cleanly manner by clean workmen, using clean utensils. Proper facilities for the disinfection of the workmen’s hands and tools that may be- come contaminated in the handling or cutting of diseased tis- sues, and suitable dressing rooms and toilet facilities for the em- ployees are required. Summarizing, it may be stated that the Bureau maintains a — strict supervision over the entire process from the time the live animal is purchased until the finished product leaves the estab- lishment; and when any meat or meat food products at any stage ee FEDERAL MEAT INSPECTION AND MUNICIPAL ABATTOIRS. D117 of preparation, are found to be unwholesome or unfit for food, they are condemned and destroyed for food purposes. The United States may well be proud of the federal meat inspection service, which has become a vast and comprehensive system based upon modern sanitary science, and enforced by a corps of men appointed through civil service examinations, and supported by the prestige and authority of the federal govern- ment. Under our form of government it is, and probably will re- main, impossible for the federal authorities to prescribe that the people of lowa, or any other state, shall eat none but inspected meats. On the other hand, the federal government has the authority and does say that meats and meat food products cannot be shipped interstate or exported unless they have been inspected and passed by federal inspectors, except in the case of the farmer slaughtering his own animals. It is estimated that only one-half to three-fifths of the meats consumed in the United States are slaughtered in establishments operating under federal inspection, thus leaving from two-fifths to one-half of the total to be slaughtered under some other form of inspection, or as is more often the case without inspection of any form. Hence it will be seen that the federal system does not cover the entire field as the national systems of some Continental Euro- pean countries do. Again, a very large per cent. of the meats slaughtered under federal inspection is either exported or consumed in the large cities, consequently the rural districts, villages and small towns must depend largely upon locally siaughtered, uninspected meats. Another point: At all markets where inspection is maintained, visibly diseased animals are either sold subject to post-mortem inspection or at so low a price as to protect the buyer, which has a tendency to keep such diseased stock away from these markets. The knowledge of this gives the unscrupulous butcher an op- portunity to purchase such animals from the careless or unscru-. 518 G. A. JOHNSON. pulous owner, at a low price, to slaughter them, and feed the diseased parts to hogs, while the remainder of the carcass is taken to the market and sold to his friends and neighbors. There is little danger of a butcher who carries on this char- acter of business being detected because he has no inspection, and his slaughter house is located in some out of the way place and usually kept in so filthy a condition that no outsider will venture near it unless required to do so. | The larger profits thus obtained furnishes the inducement. Similar action upon the part of the large meat packing con- cerns was one of the things that made it necessary to establish a federal meat inspection system, and it is a strong reason why we should have state or municipal supervision in connection with the federal inspection. Again, the percentage of diseased animals slaughtered by the local butcher is usually larger than in animals slaughtered in the larger establishments, because his animals are usually older and are purchased from nearby dairies and farms, and are therefore, more likely to ‘be diseased than are younger or range animals which form a considerable per cent. of the cattle killed in the larger establishments. Because of these and the fact that many retail butchers keep government inspected meats prominently displayed in their mar- kets, obviously with a view of leading people to believe that they are dealing in inspected meats, while in fact the bulk of the meats they handle are not inspected, really places the people who pat- ronize such dealers under conditions more dangerous than if there were no inspection. It should be understood, however, that there is no good rea- son why such conditions should prevail where it is practicable to obtain inspected meats, because there the people can secure the benefits of inspection if they desire it, by purchasing only in- spected meats, but there are many places where it is impracticable to sectire inspected meats, especially in the fresh state, as beef, mutton and fresh pork. FEDERAL MEAT INSPECTION AND MUNICIPAL ABATTOIRS. 519 In view of these conditions and the fact that the federal government is doing all that can reasonably be expected to pro- tect the citizens of every state from the dangers of a contaminated meat supply from without, it would appear that each and every state is under moral obligations not only to itself, but also to the federal government as well as for sanitary reasons to adopt reasonable measures to furnish its people with a clean, whole- some meat supply. Or to put it in another way, why should the federal govern- ment spend large sums of money and condemn large quantities of meats when the public neglects to protect itself locally ? Presumably, it is this phase of the problem that is respon- sible for our considering the question at this time. While some action has been taken and some progress made, it is a notorious fact that several other states are in the van of Iowa in sanitary regulations pertaining to live stock, of which meat inspection is one branch. Again, but few cities of the state have as yet availed them- selves of the opportunity to establish municipal inspection under the provisions of our state law. This leads to the conclusion that a majority of the inhab- itants of our cities are not yet sufficiently interested in the sub- ject to demand meat inspection, being content to, perhaps un- consciously, consume more and more diseased meats each suc- ceeding year. Having thus briefly touched upon some of the principal con- ditions as they exist in the state, it will be pertinent to briefly consider what can be done to relieve the situation. While the problem is a difficult one and progress may be slow, I have faith to believe that much can be accomplished and that eventually the problem will be satisfactorily: solved. Judging from the conditions as I see them, I am led to be- lieve that the greatest need of the hour relative to meat inspec- tion is the education of the people to a just appreciation of a sound and wholesome food supply and the dangers attending the 520 G. A. JOHNSON. consumption of diseased meats. And who is in a better position to preach this gospel of truth than the physician, and is it not a moral duty that every physician owes to his patrons? The prevailing thought appears to be that we must rely upon municipal inspection for a solution of the problem, but I ques- tion if the time is opportune for general municipal meat inspec- tion. While such a system can be practically operated in cities of 20,000 inhabitants or over, I doubt if it would be practical at this time for every village and town to attempt to maintain a thor- ough system of meat inspection, even should a majority of- the citizens desire it and were willing to pay the expense, which they probably would not be, because it would be impracticable if not impossible to secure a sufficient number of competent men to do the work. And the attempt to enforce an inefficient system by incompetent men will be productive of as much, if not more, harm than good. While some cities are maintaining municipal inspection and others are considering the proposition, some states have inau- gurated state systems of meat inspection and the proposition is being discussed in others. Of these two systems, that of state inspection or rather super- vision, has much to commend it. If properly organized and the principles of civil service followed in appointing inspectors, it would be much more comprehensive and could be made uniform throughout the state, besides having the support and prestige of the stronger centralized power of the state government. On the other hand, the state systems do not, and probably will not for some time to come, except in certain places, main- tain as thorough and rigid inspection as might and ought to be maintained under the municipal system. Pennsylvania has a very good law pertaining to state super- vision. In general their plan contemplates the correction of the sanitary conditions of the slaughter-houses, meat markets, and the general methods of retailers. FEDERAL MEAT INSPECTION AND MUNICIPAL ABATTOIRS. 521 While their plan, so far as I am aware, does not contem- plate the erection of municipal abattoirs, it does authorize the state meat inspector to pay a certain per cent. of the valuation of tuberculous cattle carcasses that a butcher may report and which, upon inspection, are found to be so badly affected as to render the flesh unfit for food. This is done on the theory that a butcher is entitled to as much remuneration for a condemned tuberculous carcass that he slaughters as is a farmer whose cattle are condemned on the tuberculin test, besides, it has a strong tendency to prevent such carcasses being sold for food. But this is practical only in those states that recompense owners for tuberculous animals, which Iowa does not at the present. It is a well-established fact that many of our meat-producing animals are so extensively diseased that their flesh is unfit and dangerous for food, but it is not so generally understood that meats from perfectly healthy animals may through unsanitary handling become just as obnoxious and dangerous as that from diseased animals. Or to state the proposition in another way, it is a question if the carcass of a heathy animal that is slaughtered in an old, dirty, filthy slaughter-house with old, dirty, and perhaps con- taminated tools, without being washed or protectéd from flies, etc., is not as unwholesome and, perhaps, dangerous as that from diseased animals. If this proposition is correct, and I believe it is to a greater or less degree, the slaughter-house phase of the problem has not received the attention that its importance demands. A portion of my duties during the past year has been to in- vestigate the condition of some of the small slaughter-houses in this state, and I wish to state most emphatically that a very large majority of those that I visited were as filthy and unsanitary as could well be imagined. _ They were usually located in some out of the way place some distance from town, which, I believe, is required by law, usually 522 G. A. JOHNSON. with poor or no drainage. They were frequently without water supply, while in some few instances the water used was derived from a small stream that flowed through the yard and past the slaughter-house. In other cases the well from which the water supply was derived was situated in the yard where hogs were being fed on - the slaughter-house refuse, and in some cases the well was situ- ated outside of the yard so the yard and slaughter-house drained toward it. There are but few well-arranged slaughter-houses and in nearly all instances the uncooked refuse was being fed to swine. ; If anyone thinks this overdrawn, let him make an investi- gation for himself. If a butcher will permit his slaughter-house to remain in such a condition year after year, what would he do with a tuberculous or otherwise diseased carcass that he might knowingly’ or un- knowingly slaughter ? The fact that many of the local butchers are renters and men ot small means makes it impracticable for them to attempt to construct sanitary slaughter-houses. Hence from a sanitary standpoint it would be advisable for each municipality to con- struct an up-to-date abattoir of sufficient capacity to accommo- date the butchers of the town. There are two general systems of abattoirs, one known as the German and the other as the French. Under the German system the killing is all done in one room, while under the French system each butcher has a separate room or stall. From a practical standpoint, the German system is prefer- able, because it is cheaper to build, easier to keep clean, and much better adapted for inspection. Again, in case two, three or more butchers are working at the same time in one room, should either slaughter a diseased animal in the presence of a competitor, he would practicaly be compelled to put it in the grease tank, whereas if each did his work in a small room sep- arate from and out of view of the others, there would be a much FEDERAL MEAT INSPECTION AND MUNICIPAL ABATTOIRS. 323 — greater opportunity for removing the diseased parts and using the remainder. The following suggestions are offered relative to the con- struction, location, etc., of municipal abattoirs. The building should be constructed of cement; there should be an ample sup- ply of pure water, and good sewer connections should be pro- vided either with the city system or a cess-pool; and provision should be made for cooking the abattoir refuse. This should be done for sanitary reasons; besides, the grease thus obtained will pay a good profit on the extra expense and the cooked product can be utilized with safety by being mixed with other feed for swine or for fertilizer. The abattoir should be located where the natural drainage is good, if practicable, and near the edge of small places and near or within the boundary of larger places thereby being more con- venient. Such a place properly conducted, will not be offensive or in any way prejudicial to the health of the nearby residents. It would be advisable for the municipality to employ a jan- itor who would look after the building and assist the butchers in slaughtering. The butcher should pay a reasonable rent or fee, which in most cases would be sufficient to maintain the building and pay interest on the investment. But should the municipality derive no financial returns from the building, it would be a most profitable investment from a sanitary standpoint. After having acquired the proper building, the municipality should adopt an ordinance forbidding the sale of meats within the municipality except such as had been slaugh- tered in the municipal abattoir or inspected and passed by federal - inspectors. The lowa State Pure Food Law forbids the use of preservatives and color substances for meats or meat products, and a certain number of inspectors are now employed to look after these matters. The state pure food law should be amended; to include, or better a new law enacted providing for, state meat inspection. : As before intimated, the state system should provide for a general supervision of all phases of the preparation and handling 524 G. A. JOHNSON. of meats and meat food products, and be inaugurated as rapidly as the municipalities construct and maintain sanitary abattoirs, and where practicable, to establish and maintain efficient in- spection. Neither supervision nor inspection should be undertaken until the municipality has constructed a sanitary abattoir, because it is impossible to get even fair results with the present system of slaughter-houses. With reference to the term “ practicable’ as used above, I would consider it practicable to have one or more inspectors, if necessary, at those points where considerable slaughtering is regularly done, but I would not consider it practicable to station an inspector at those small points where only one or two animals are slaughtered per week. On the other hand, it would bie practicable to divide the state into districts and assign a competent inspector to each district, whose duty it should be to enforce proper sanitary regulations relative to the condition of the abattoirs and meat markets, and the handling and preparation of all meats and meat food products. While the district inspector would not always be present at the time of slaughtering, arrangements should be made with the butchers of the various towns to have the slaughtering done, as far as practicable, on regular days, i. e., those of town A to slaughter on Monday, those of town B on Tuesday, and so on, thereby affording the inspector an opportunity to personally con- duct the largest number of post-mortem inspections. During the intervals of the inspector’s visits, the janitor could hold any sus- picious carcass until the inspector could be called in to pass upon it. While such a system does not contemplate ideal inspection, it offers the following advantages: sanitary abattoirs and meat markets; clean sanitary methods in handling and preparing meats and meat food products, in connection with more or less post- mortem inspection; and also a sanitary method of disposing of the abattoir refuse. : cs 3) eS ee. FEDERAL MEAT INSPECTION AND MUNICIPAL ABATTOIRS 525 If carried out along the lines of the federal inspection system, as far as applicable, such a system would, I believe, give reason- able protection to the community and meet with the general approval of honest butchers, because it would remove the sus- picion that rests upon their meats. On the other hand, if it is not deemed advisable to establish a state system of meat inspection, many advantages would fol- low the maintaining of municipal abattoirs among which may be mentioned: it would afford a sanitary place for slaughtering, a sanitary method of disposing of the abattoir refuse, and if prop- erly located, it would be more or less under the observation of the people living nearby; it would give the butchers of small means the advantage of a sanitary place which he could not af- ford to construct for himself, and the janitor service would act as a check on nefarious methods. In considering any proposition of as much importance as a state system of meat inspection, we should not at once expect to accomplish all that is desirable. The plans suggested contemplate a gradual change from existing conditions to a reasonably ef- ficient system as rapidly as the public demands it. THE § you gave me for last year (AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW) was fine—in fact, don’t see how any progressive prac- titioner can get along without it. Please find enclosed check for twelve months’ refill. Thanking you in advance, I remain (John E. Wilkins, Greenville, Tex.) Pure Mitx Wins Victory In Court.—The tuberculin test for cattle and the Minneapolis milk ordinance prohibiting the sale of all milk not taken from officially inspected cattle, was held valid by Judge Frank C. Brooks of the district court, who denied the application of several milk dealers for an injunction restraining the city and°Dr. P. M. Hall, health commissioner, from destroying their milk. This is the first decision upholding an ordinance requiring milk to come from herds subjected to the tuberculin test ever endered either in Minneapolis or elsewhere, and is a decisive vic- tory for the health department.—Minneapolis Journal. ROBERT KOCH AND HIS CRITICS AT THE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON TUBERCULOSIS, WASHINGTON, D. C.* By D. ArtHurR Hucues, PH.D., D. V. M., INspecror SUBSISTENCE DEPART- MENT, U. S. Army, CHICAGO.} On eight occasions there have assembled International Veter- inary Congresses, attended by delegates from many countries, in- cluding the United States, and meeting in one city or another of Europe; the last at Buda-Pesth in Hungary, while the next will land. It is not an uncommon thing for veterinarians to confer, meet in the summer of 1909, at The Hague, the capital of Hol- land. It is not an uncommon thing for veterinarians to confer, thus congressionally, on international scientific topics. Before 1908 the case was different in assemblies of International Con- gresses on Tuberculosis. In 1901 in London and in 1905 in Paris, we had only a sprinkling of representatives, unorganized, and footless as to purpose. But experience in previous con- gresses had taught the managements that the liveliest question, exciting hot debate, interesting to all the world, becoming itself, in certain aspects unsettled, was the one of intercommunicability of animal and human tuberculosis. Hence, in the organization of the International Congress on Tuberculosis 1908, the impor- tant place of the veterinarian and veterinary work in the control of the disease was recognized by institution of a separate sec- tion for hearing of papers and discussion of the question of tuber- culosis of animals and its relations to man. The question of questions at the Washington congress was: What is the relation of animal tuberculosis to the human being? It was the main topic of the central day of the week when the congress was in general session, and it fully occupied the minds of numerous leaders, up till late in the evening preceding the * An address, given by request, at_the Twenty-sixth Annual Meeting of the Illinois State Veterinary Medical Association, Chicago, December 1, 1908. + The author, by order of the Secretary of War, on recommendation _of the Com- missarv General of the Army, officially represented the Subsistence Department in Section VII. of the Congress. 526 ROBERT KOCH AND HIS CRITICS AT WASHINGTON, D. C. 527 close of the sessions, the feelings of the congressists not being relieved until a unanimously passed resolution crystallized their judgment on the policy to be adopted in Asses with animal tuberculosis. The question was precipitated by the presence of Koch at the congress and his willingness to discuss it. Not since 1901, in London, had he addressed an international congress on the sub- ject; that time he astonished the world by his declarations that the chance of tuberculous infection by ingestion of meat or milk contaminated with bovine tubercle bacilli is so slight as to be a negligible quantity, that the rearing of legislation to prevent in- fection from animals was, therefore, unnecessary. Since that vear there has been such a vast quantity of investigation on the question of inter-transmissibility, privately, by state laboratories and by national commissions, including that of Germany, and Koch’s London pronouncement has been so searchingly criticised, that some men confidently expected a change of view on his part. They were disappointed. Koch made statements in Washington, expressing his present position on the question on two separate occasions, and of these occasions I shall now proceed to speak. I. Kocu’s PRONOUNCEMENT BEFORE THE WHOLE CONGRESS, SEPTEMBER 30, 1908. By agreement of the central committee a joint session was arranged by section I., that on the pathology of tuberculosis, with section VII., that on tuberculosis of animals and its relation to man, to meet on the afternoon of the middle of the week when the work of the congress was chiefly carried on, for the purpose of threshing out the question of the relation of tuberculosis of animals to that of man with the hope, supposedly, that some general agreement might be reached as a basis of future work of hygienists. Instead of being a session of sections I. and VII., the meeting of September 30 turned out to be a general session of the whole congress, all surging into the large assembly 528 D. ARTHUR HUGHES, hall of the New National Museum to see-‘and hear Koch make a public declaration of his present position on animal tuberculosis. The hall, hung with gay flags of many nations, was thronged with an anxious crowd of workers against the disease. On the stage, this time, were not high officials of our national govern- ment, dignified ambassadors and legationers from other lands, bidding welcome to the congressists as at the opening joint ses- sion, but the great leaders of thought and investigation against the disease, particularly on the inter-relationship of human and © bovine tuberculosis, at least such notables as attended the con- gress this year. Here were Theobald Smith and Ravenel, our American leaders; Adami, of Montreal; Sims Woodhead, of the University of Cambridge, he who headed the British Commission on Tuberculosis, and Nathan Raw, of the University of Liver- - pool; Arloing, of Lyons; Bang and Fibinger, of Copenhagen, and numerous other noted men, greatest of all his excellency Robert Koch himself. The audience was all thought, all eyes, with intense interest in what was to transpire. Without further ado I will give the gist of Koch’s conten- tions in 1908 by quoting two paragraphs from his Washington speech. . ; He said in part: “The tubercle bacilli of the human type are characterized by the fact that they grow rapidly and abundantly in a thick layer on elycerin serum. They are virulent to guinea pigs, slightly viru- lent for rabbits, and almost non-virulent to cattle. The tubercle bacilli of the bovine type grow slowly and in a thin layer on gly- cerin serum, they are of equally high virulence to guinea pigs, rabbits and cattle. To my knowledge the bacilli of the human type have never been demonstrated in catile. The bacilli of the bovine type, on the other hand, can occur in man. They have been found in the cervical lymph glands and the intestinal tract. With few exceptions, however, these bacilli are but slightly viru- lent for man and remain localized. The few known cases in which the bovine bacilli are said to have produced a general and ROBERT KOCH AND HIS CRITICS AT WASHINGTON, D. C. 529 fatally progressive tuberculosis in man appear to me not to be above suspicion. “One point which seems to me of high importance is that in all human beings who succumb to tuberculosis, eleven-twelfths die of consumption, or pulmonary tuberculosis, and only one- twelfth of other forms of the disease. One would have expected, therefore, that those investigators who are interested in estab- lishing the relations between human and bovine tuberculosis would have searched for bacilli of the bovine type preferably in cases of pulmonary tuberculosis. This, however, has not been the case. Evidently animated by the desire to bring together as many cases as possible of bovine tuberculosis in man, they have investigated particularly cases of glandular and intestinal tuber- culosis. In spite of the bias under which the researches hitherto have suffered, there yet remains at disposal a sufficient number of investigations of pulmonary tuberculosis to warrant a provisional expression of opinion. The gist of it is, that up to date in no case of pulmonary tuberculosis has the tubercle bacilli of the bo- vine type been definitely demonstrated. If on further investiga- tion it should be established that pulmonary tuberculosis is pro- duced by the tubercle bacilli of the human type exclusively, then the question will be decided in favor of the view that I have up- held and medical men must direct their attention and regulations for combating tuberculosis by all means primarily against the tubercle bacilli of the human type.” With several important differences this is practically a reiter- ation of what he said in London in 1901, and partly repeated in the Nobel lecture in Stockholm in December, 1905. Koch has in nowise essentially changed his position. The German has never denied that bovine tuberculosis may infect man. In 1901 he denied the power of the bovine tubercle bacilli to infect the intestinal tract, except so rarely as to be called nil—nothing. He now admits that both the intestinal tract and the cervical glands of man may be infected by the bovine bacillus, though he throws cold water on enthusiastic statements that this is common. In 530 D. ARTHUR HUGHES. 1901, he laid stress on his supposition that intestinal tubercu-— losis in man was very rare, arguing that tuberculosis by ingestion of meat or milk was practically a negligible quantity. He now emphasizes the statement that eleven-twelfths of the tuberculous population die of phthisis pulmonaris and that bovine tubercle bacilli have not been demonstrated in cases of human pulmonary tuberculosis in the expectorate or lung lesions. In 1go1, his ad- vice was against what he thought was expensive sanitary legis- . lation aimed at protecting man from tuberculosis of bovine origin. He now makes no such statement and refuses to commit himself. It must be remembered that what Koch would say was not known by the congress before he made his speech. Yet in the subsequent speeches, that memorable afternoon of September 30, written or extemporaneous, by Arloing, Theobald Smith, Sims Woodhead, Fibinger, Raw, Ravenel, representing France, Great Britain, America, Denmark, only Theobald Smith spoke mildly and hesitatingly in Koch’s favor. Smith, however, stated that perhaps half of the cases of cervical and intestinal tuberculosis in children were infections from milk. Arloing stoutly main- tained the doctrine of the unity of the tubercle bacillus and the equal danger of the infection from animal to man as from man to man. Sims Woodhead summarized the facts obtained by the Royal British Tuberculosis Commission in its work since 1901, especially the numerous cases of infant intestinal tuberculosis of milk origin found in Great Britain. Fibinger drew attention to the increase of infant intestinal tuberculosis in Germany since 1901, and believed this was due in part to the slacking of sani- tary precautions. Ravenel reminded the congress that the Ger- man and British Tuberculosis Commissions, and he in America, had demonstrated bovine tubercle bacilli in the lesions of children dead of tuberculosis. He believed it incontrovertible that a fair proportion of children and some adults have shown bovine tu- bercle bacilli in lesions. He said he felt it would be a great mis- fortune if the opinion was noised about the country that it was the opinion of the congress that the proportion of human deaths due to the bovine tubercle bacillus was a negligible quantity. yO ‘ ROBERT KOCH AND HIS CRITICS AT WASHINGTON, D. C. 531 The feeling at the close of the joint session, the afternoon of September 30, was that of dismay and dissatisfaction. Hence: I]. THE CONFERENCE ON THE RELATION BETWEEN HUMAN AND BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS AT THE NEw WILLARD HOTEL, WASHINGTON, THE EVENING OF OCTOBER 2, 1908. By request of Professor Koch, and with the concurrence of the central committee of the congress, a conference of seventy- five leading investigators and sanitarians was held in the New Willard Hotel, Washington, in the form of a smoker for the pur- pose of coming to some common agreement and basis for future work. In order to bring things to a focus two questions were propounded by Koch. First, is bovine tuberculosis frequent in human beings? Second, whether or not it has been established that bovine tubercle bacilli are frequently expectorated by human sufferers? : The second question was put first and it appeared that search for bovine tubercle bacilli in the lungs and expectorate of human tuberculous patients had been much neglected, though not: wholly, Arloing in France and Sims Woodhead in England having made such studies. Koch promised to make a study of this question during the next two years. But, as pointed out by Professor Adami, of Montreal, this investigation will likely be of no con- sequence, because there is already a general agreement among medical men that most of the tubercular infection of the human being is of human origin. Moreover, that most of human tuber- culosis emanates in pulmonary tuberculosis. Koch’s work will be of no practical value, as he will probably come to conclusions on which all are at present agreed. Adami also pointed out that all, including Koch, are agreed that a proportion of human deaths is due to bovine tubercle bacilli, He thought that they should urge the eradication of the disease in cattle as a work of economic importance and immediate practical value to human beings as well. When the discussion of this second question was beginning to smolder, Dr. Herman Biggs, of New York, the chairman of 532, D. ARTHUR HUGHES, the conference, proposed the first question—the frequency of bo- vine tuberculosis in man. ‘The meaning of this question came out more clearly in Koch’s putting of it: How often does primary intestinal tuberculosis, or mesenteric gland tuberculosis, occur in children? This query resulted in a hot debate in which Koch, Sims Woodhead, Fibinger, Adami, Calmette, Tendeloo, East- wood and Pearson participated. Smith, in a previous speech, had admitted the frequency of infant intestinal tuberculosis in Amer- ica. Woodhead dilated on its relative frequency in Great Britain; Tendeloo its infrequency in Holland. An amusing part of the discussion was at that point where Fibinger, of Denmark, openly corrected Koch and administered him a mild chastisement for quoting from old out-of-date German statistical works to sup- port his announcement that infant intestinal tuberculosis was in- frequent in Germany. Professor Fibinger said: ‘‘ Opinions vary greatly in regard to the frequency of primary intestinal tuberculosis, but the tendency seems to be more and more to- wards discovering that these cases are much more frequent than — they were formerly believed to be Dr. Koch has quoted a num- ber pathologic anatomists and I will quote the same pathologic anatomists referring to the results that have been published in the last two years, whereas Professor Koch refers to their figures of an older period.” Here Professor Fibinger gave a great deal of statistical data from German, English and Danish authors showing a marked increase in the number of cases of primary intestinal tuberculosis occurring in children and reported during the last few years. Throughout the conference Professor Koch acted like a pro- fessor of dogmatic theology. He seemed to be firm in his scien- tific convictions and proposed to answer objections to his views. Neither the Germans nor the Austrians openly sided with him. His own countrymen remained speechless, colorless. He was in the congress and the conference clearly in the minority. At a late hour of the conference something that had the effect of broadside and looked very like a flank movement was sprung by ROBERT KOCH AND HIS CRITICS AT WASHINGTON, D. C. 5o0 Ds. Eastwood of the Royal British Commission for the purpose of sensing the mind of those in council, that the expression of opinion might next day be voiced in a resolution of the congress. He proposed three questions, each to be answered by yes or no. They were: | I. Is the danger of bovine tubercle bacilli to human health so slight as to be practically negligible? 2. Does the consumption of milk containing living bovine tu- bercle bacilli cause a progressive amount of disease or death in children? 3. Is the obtainment of a milk supply free from bovine tu- bercle bacilli an object which will materially aid the crusade against tuberculosis? Unfortunately nothing came of this proposition. Professor Koch refused to commit himself to replies of this sort; which, peradventure, there were an agreement, might be construed to be a resolution of the conference. In this he was twice strongly supported by the Chairman of the Central Committee of the Con- gress, Dr. Flick, who was present. The conference adjourned; no agreement was reached. The assemblage was apparently a fiasco. Ill. Tur RESOLUTION OF THE CONGRESS IN GENERAL SESSION, OCTOBER 3, 1908, ON BovINE TUBERCULOSIS AND ITS PRAC- TICAL IMPORTANCE TO Us IN CHICAGO AND ILLINOIS. A fiasco the conference was not. The drift of opinion in it had been sensed by the leaders, which was given expression in a resolution read next morning, the last day of the Congress, October 3, 1908, at the joint session of all the sections and ap- proved. That resolution reads: “ The utmost efforts should be continued in the struggle against tuberculosis to prevent convéy- ance from man to man of tuberculous infection as the most im- portant source of the disease. Further, preventive measures must be continued against bovine tuberculosis, and the possibility of the propagation of this to man should be recognized.” 5354 D. ARTHUR HUGHES. Preventive measures must be continued, these are the em- phatic words. This resolution compares favorably with reso- lutions passed in London in 1901, and in Paris in 1905. It re- quires a continuation of existing sanitary policies of prevention and stands rather for than against their improvement. The resolution of this congress of the world’s authorities on tuberculosis has an important practical bearing on our policies for prevention of the disease in Chicago and Illinois. In my own speech at the congress I strongly emphasized the necessity for precautionary sanitary legislation against animal tuberculosis, pointed out the wide differences between the laws against. the disease in the several states, the unwise varieties of policies, and methods whereby harmony could be made out of disharmony. Nevertneless each state is a unit in itself; it has its own sanitary problems to master and must work on its own sanitary policy with fear and trembling. What our present policies are, you know well, their present usefulness or future serviceableness. If I mistake not the meaning of the regulations of the State Board on Tuberculous Cattle and Swine, adopted September 1, 1908, we intend to curb, professionally, the previously uninterurpted spread of the disease among our herds. We intend to stop boldly by state meat inspection rulings the promiscuous sale of carcasses badly infected with tuberculosis in the numerous counties of the state. The improvement of these and other sanitary schemes will require our united action when the hour comes for new legis- lation, for precautionary sanitary purposes, against tuberculosis and other animal diseases. Let us stand fast in the resolution to further these ends, and having done much, stand together for still more improvement. THE SILVER ANNIVERSARY OF THE VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION OF NEw Jersey at Atlantic City, July 15 and 16, “was a marked success, both in attendance and the character of the program, to say nothing of the unusual social features. A report of it will appear in the next issue of the REvIEw. THE USE OF TUBERCULIN IN MAN.* By Dr, H. L. Taytor, or St. PAUvt. Probably the most interesting thing in the history of tuber- culosis was Koch’s discovery of the bacillus of tuberculosis in 1882. Few things have interested the scientific world and the world of medicine as much as this discovery of the bacillus, al- though waited for a long time, and looked for by many investi- gators, unless it might be the announcement that came eight years later that Prof. Koch had discovered a cure for the dis- ease of tuberculosis, which he had manufactured from the cul- tures of this bacillus and which he named tuberculin. In 1890 when this message was telegraphed around the globe, men started from every quarter as soon as they found that this remedy could not be secured by ordering it. It was one of the most spectacular things that has ever happened in the history of medicine—that flocking of men from all quarters of the world to Berlin. After going there, and with much trouble, they secured small quan- tities of this agent and returned to their homes. You all know what happened. The announcement had been forced from Prof. Koch by the German Government, because they were afraid that some one else might announce it sooner. As we all know, scientific discoveries ate usually happened upon by two or three people at the same time. It is not that any one man makes a great discovery, but science has advanced to such a point that this is the logical sequence, In order to secure this, Koch’s announcement was made prematurely, before it had been investigated and its qualities known. The result was that many of these men, not scientists, took their tuberculin, returned home and began its use upon all kinds of cases, chiefly upon those that were thoroughly hopeless, with the result that they were hurried to their graves in great numbers. * Read before the Minnesota State Veterinary Association at St. Paul, January 13, 1909. 535 536 H. L. TAYLOR. The natural reaction followed, and when people found that their expectations were not realized and that this remedy, this cure, this specific for tuberculosis, was not going to cure cases that already had a foot in the grave, they took the opposite standpoint, and there were very few men with the courage of their convictions to continue the use of their remedies or to speak a good word for it. There was plenty of authority for the ob- jections they made. The advanced cases treated in the hospital at Berlin by Koch and his students came to the post-mortem table and fell into the hands of Prof. Virchow, a name of authority wherever it was heard. Virchow and Koch were never very good friends and you know professional jealousies are hard things to overcome. Virchow claimed that the disease was disseminated by tuberculin, and that it was an exceedingly dangerous remedy, and this com- ing from such a man as Prof. Virchow, carried much more weight than anything else. The result was that there were very few men who cared to carry on the investigation and use of tuberculin. You know Prof. Koch explained that it had a specific action upon the living tubercle tissue, that it had no action upon the caseous centers and old tubercular foci, and that its action was entirely limited to the actively growing tubercular tissue. That it caused necrotic action to take place in the periphery of tuber- cular areas and checked its advance in this way. Following this course there were fibroid tissue thrown out and tubercular areas which do not communicate with external parts and cannot be thrown off from the body, are incapsulated and cut off from all influence upon it. This explanation ac- counted for the reaction. You know that when the remedy was first used, Prof. Koch insisted that it was necessary to have a reaction after each injection if the patient was to receive the benefit from the dose. And it was this reaction with the high fever that followed it that was responsible for the acute dissem- ination of tuberculosis that Virchow found upon the post-mor- 4 ‘ E THE USE OF TUBERCULIN IN MAN. 537 tem table, if his recent tubercules were really a dissemination and not simply the condition we might expect to find in any case of tuberculosis in the latter stages which advances rapidly and in which we would naturally expect to find areas of recent tuber- culosis. Koch gave us his original tuberculin, the tuberculin known as the old tuberculin in 1890. This tuberculin is the one that you use to-day, that we all use in our diagonostic work, both in ani- mals and man. In 1897 he gave us the new tuberculin which he called the tuberculin rest or the percipitate found in the bottom of the tube after the tubercle bacilli were extracted. The scien- tific world had discovered that the endo-toxins, that is, the toxins found in the bodies of bacilli in different diseases were just as important as toxins produced during their living activities. Tu- berculin is really a collection of the toxins produced by the living © tubercle bacillus, the toxins that are thrown off during its growth. The culture media is taken, as you know, and filtered and this filtrate which is dried to a certain concentration is tuberculin, and contains some of the more readily soluble endotoxins, pos- sibly because many of the tubercle bacillus have been dead in this for some time before it is filtered, but chiefly the toxins pro- duced by the tubercle bacillus during its life cycle. But the tu- berculin he gave us in 1897 contained also the endo-toxins, but not the entire body of the bacillus. In 1901 he gave us his new tuberculin and he proposed that we use the entire body of bacillus. The tubercle bacillus in 1901 was ground up in an agate mortar and this residue was extracted. This grinding was also done in the tuberculin he gave us in 1897. But the tuberculin of 1901 contains the entire body of the tubercle bacillus. Unfortunately this tubercle bacillus emul- sion which he gave us in 190r was soon discovered to contain living tubercular germs, and the methods of its manufacture had to be considerably changed. The objection, of course, to the use of dead or living tubercle bacillus was that we were in- troducing into the hody organisms that were dangerous. The dead 538 H. L. TAYLOR. tubercle bacilli usually, if in any large number, produces an ab- cess at the point of injection. In addition to all these tuberculins which Koch has given us, and all of these tuberculins contain the same active principle, we have had almost innumerable modi- fications. Denny gave us one, and Klebs gave us his antiph- thisin and purified tuberculin in which he attempted to remove chemically certain agents from tuberculin. The serious question was, that if he did not remove at the same time the therapeu- tically active agents, as well as agents causing fever? Van Ruck in his North Carolina sanatorium, and where he had Klebs associated with him for years, has given us the watery extract of the tuberculin bacillus. This fulfills all of the indi- cations of bacillary therapy without giving us any of the germs themselves, because his preparation is filtered through porcelain before it is used. He also grinds his bacilli in an agate mortar to a very fine state of pulverization and extracts the powder for months before the preparation is finished. It is then standard- ized and used as a therapeutic agent, but it can also be used as a diagnostic. We do not know the exact method of using it as well as we do that of the old tuberculin for diagnosis. Of recent years there have been many changes in the views of the profession in regard to the action of the tuberculin, and why it is that we have this reactive fever which comes on after the injection of the dose of tuberculin. Wright, in England, with his investigation of opsonins has shown us that this biological process which is accountable for fever and which does about a certain degree of immunity in the patient that is given tuberculin therapeutically. Unfortunately the immunity that is acquired by the patient is not an absolute immunity against the bacillus. It is a toxin immunity only and while this toxin immunity will control the action of the bacillus and will give a man immunity for a number of months, it is not permanent; but during this time the individual has opportunity, if under proper conditions of taking care of himself, and is put in a position during which time the original powers of the body assert themselves and the ee i esr 8 THE USE OF TUBERCULIN IN MAN. 539 resisting power at this time can get in its best work because the activity of the bacillus of the disease is thoroughly checked dur- ing this time. The truth of this immunity and degree of it is shown by the agglutination which takes place in the blood of the person treated by the tuberculin. Wright claims that after an injection of tuberculin we have first a negative phase, then a positive phase, or a fall and rise of the resisting powers. He wants the blood of tubercular patients being treated with tuber- culin examined constantly and when this positive phase begins to diminish, when agglutination is not as marked as before, then it is time for the next injection. Theoretically this is a very beautiful demonstration of the immunizing powers of tuberculin and it gives those of us who have long used the remedy a great deal of comfort, since we have been told, that we are doing more harm: than good and that we should not be allowed to use this remedy. It is, however, practically impossible to carry out these examinations of opsonins, for if a man has a number of patients he would have to have a large number of assistants to work on the blood, and another unfortunate point is that the technique of this work is not so thoroughly understood but that the very best operators will get variations of 10, 15 and 20 per cent. in exam- ining the same blood. Of course, when they have an error, they throw it out and make another examination. There are very few people who could afford to hire a bacteriologist and keep him at work during the year or so, that they were trying to overcome this disease, but it does, however, show the fact that there is an immunity which is produced by tuberculin, and which can be demonstrated by laboratory methods. Another thing is production of hypersen- sitiveness, in which the body sensitized by doses of tuberculin reacts ‘violently to the repetition of same dose, and if the remedy is continued, the doses even very much diminished, a reaction still comes on until this period of hypersensitiveness has been passed over. 540 H. L. TAYLOR. There are also other laboratory methods of showing immu- nity, which I am réally not competent to explain, as I do not know very much about them. The use of tuberculin has now become almost universal, that is in every country and city there are people who are competent to use tuberculin and it is used to a great extent. Personally, | have used it since 1893. In 1890 a friend of mine in Asheville, N. C., went to Berlin and came back with three or four cubic centimeters of Koch’s tuberculin and he used it. Even at that time had begun using it in small doses, not following the direc- tions of Koch and his. school that it was necessary to’ produce a re- action. He had seen bad effects and had decided that he would not subject his patients to such unpleasantness. He began using it and avoiding reactions, and it was my privilege to watch his cases and I was so thoroughly convinced after watching it, that I began the use of it in 1893 and have used it ever since. It is used in this way: with very small and gradually increasing doses, avoiding reactions and lengthening the time between doses, watching the cases with a great deal of care, and I feel that I am just as safe in using the tuberculin as I would be with a corps of bacteriologists working after each dose, because after using any remedy for a number of years you become accus- tomed to it, of course, and feel safe. I feel we can use it with safety, depending on careful clinical control. In abdominal tuberculosis Koch’s original method seems to be the very best. I have seen many cases of abdominal tuber- culosis apparently hopeless, that Dr. Boeckman has brought out by the heroic use of tuberculin. In using it for pulmonary tuberculosis I was very much pre- judiced against these reactions, but Dr. Boeckman went at it and did not hesitate to double up his doses, giving it once a week and expecting patients to be in bed three days; but the result has jus- tified the means. In tuberculous conditions that are so frequently found in the ‘eye, it has also demonstrated its usefulness. Many cases of tubercular keratitis were not suspected before the use of tuber- ny a ee ee a re THE USE OF TUBERCULIN IN MAN. 541 culin. Many a man’s eyesight has been restored to him by the use of tuberculin in these cases of chronic keratitis, in which reactions are not necessarily to be avoided and not as dangerous as in pulmonary tuberculosis. In surgical tuberculosis, of course, the surgeon is still the master; and surgical tuberculous lesions can be operated upon when all of the diseased tissue can be taken away. This does not, in my mind, include tuberculosis of the glands of the neck because when the surgical glands are enlarged the bronchial glands are very apt to be enlarged, and the surgeon cannot re- move these enlarged glands. Consequently he does a partial operation, and partial operations, as we all know, should be avoided at all times. The use of tuberculin in these chronic gland enlargements has given a great deal of satisfaction, the glands decreasing in size, becoming fibroid and remaining as small knots under the skin. If they recur a second course of tuberculin can be given. In this way; the scars are avoided, and I have seen cases operated on six times and in which glands recurred. In tuberculous glands tuberculin is very much better than the surgeon’s knife. I believe that in cattle tuberculin has been used as a diagnostic agent almost from its inception. I know that in 1896, at an in- ternational congress at Berne, it was highly recommended and its accuracy, I believe, is now generally accepted the world over. I presume you have failures in cattle as we have in people, but in the vast majority of cases the diagnostic efficiency of the dose of tuberculin is one of its triumphs. I have used, as I have said, this tuberculin since 1893 and I have been abused for doing so, but at the present time we cannot pick up a medical journal in which encomiums of tuberculin are not readily found. Now that we have overcome the first outbursts against the use’ of tuberculin completely, the value of tuberculin will be more and more recog: nized. At the same time it is a dangerous remedy. I do not believe because a remedy is dangerous it should not be used, because we all have to deal with poisons, and the only thing is to thoroughly understand the use of same in order to get the results. CITY MILK AND MEAT INSPECTION. * By Dr. E. H. Nopyne, Futon, N. Y. My purpose to-day is to bring before you the more or less thread-bare subject of tuberculosis in cattle, and what may be accomplished by local health authorities to assist in the suppres- sion of this disease, and consequently lessen the number of its victims in the human family, especially among infants; for it has been conclusively proved in a number of instances that the mortality among children from birth to one year of age can be greatly reduced by furnishing them with milk from healthy cattle and sanitary dairies. You are all familiar with what the federal and state authorities are doing in this direction, but I think you must agree with me when I say that their efforts will never be thoroughly effective until they have the assistance and co-opera- tion of the local boards of health, and through them the educa- tion of the dairymen, to the end that they will see it is to their own advantage and financial interests to ascertain the condition of their herds, to remove all diseased animals, and then to keep their herds free from such; and when I say remove in reference to the ordinary dairy cattle, I mean by slaughtering. The Bang method is all right in high-priced registered cattle that will pay by breeding for the necessary time, trouble and expense re- quired, but I do not think it at all practical among grade cows, and neither do I think it should be encouraged. JI am going to relate as briefly as possible what our city board of health has done, the methods used and the results so far accomplished as I see it. In the month of March, 1905, on the recommendation of the board of health, the common council of the city of Fulton cre- ated the office of Milk and Meat Inspector, and required that such inspector should be a graduate veterinary surgeon. I was * Paper read at the annual meeting of the Genesee Valley V. M. A., Rochester, N. Y., January 7, 1909. 542 CITY MILK AND MEAT INSPECTION. : 543 appointed to this office, rules and regulations were adopted, looking to the production and vending of wholesome milk and meat in the city. The first year was devoted to the inspection of dairies, sam- pling of milk, inspection of slaughter houses, etc. During these inspections I came gradually to realize that tuberculosis was more or less prevalent, and of course when I detected the disease from a physical examination the tuberculin test was required, and from these tests I soon realized that physical examinations were really of little practical value, for many animals showing no evidence of disease on such an examination, would react when tested, and in many cases on post-mortem would prove to be quite badly diseased. Finally our board in February of last year passed resolutions requiring all cattle furnishing milk to the city to be tuberculin tested. Now vou can imagine what we were up against; opposition sprang up from all quarters, and from various causes. Some of you gentlemen may have read in a certain farm publication ar- ticles written by a Dr. Smead in opposition to the use of tuber- culin, and owing to this man’s connection with the farmers’ in- stitute, considerable weight was given his statements that tuber- culin was injurious to cattle and its use unnecessary in detecting tuberculosis. Another cause for opposition was the fact that our board, while requiring the test, did not have any money to pay for it, and this made it necessary for the dairyman to pay for testing his own cattle; at that time we could get no assistance from the state, as there was no money appropriated for that purpose. Some dairymen complied with the ordinance at once, others refused point blank to comply, while still others wished to wait until after the farmers’ institute at Fulton; as this Dr. Smead before mentioned was advertised to speak on “ Tuberculosis in Cattle.” The board could not well object to this delay and so consented to wait until after the institute before enforcing the 544 E. H. NODYNE. “test, except in the case of one milk peddler who owned a large dairy, this man came before the board and flatly refused to have his cattle tested, quoting Dr. Smead as his authority for refusing. His license was promptly revoked, and he-as promptly concluded to submit. His herd was tested and proved to be entirely free from tuberculosis. We realized that if we did not do something to offset the Smead doctrine at this institute we would have great difficulty in enforcing the tuberculin test at all, as sentiment » among the dairymen would be too strong for us. In the mean- time, we carried on an active campaign speaking at Grange meet- ings and anywhere else where we could get an audience of farm- ers. Finally we communicated with Dr. Moore, of Cornell, and he very kindly consented to come to Fulton and address the farmers at the institute on this subject. He came as agreed, and Dr. Kelly, State Veterinarian came with him, and practically the whole afternoon and evening ses- sions were given up to them, as the farmers were anxious to hear these gentlemen express their views. I wish to say right here that I think those .present learned more about tuberculosis in those two sessions than they ever knew before. Dr. Smead, learning that Dr. Moore and Dr. Kelly were to speak at Fulton, did not materialize. The results obtained in this way were most gratifying, as practically all opposition to the test was withdrawn, and we were enabled to go on with the good work. Naturally the first tests made were those of herds we had reason to suspect, and in some of these the percentage of diseased animals was very high, but the average of all those tested by me the past year was 21 per cent., and I think this will still be about the percentage among the cattle, still untested in the vicinity of Fulton. For while over 50 per cent. of the herds tested proved to be free from the disease, some of the others were so badly — affected as to make the percentage on the whole number pretty high though not near as high as is claimed by some other local- ities. WE eee ee a eS ee ENE) Pee ene CITY MILK AND MEAT INSPECTION. B45 The following table will give you some idea of conditions found, but includes only those animals tested by myself, quite a number were tested by other veterinarians and some by the State Department of Agriculture. Meter ct cattle wested. . 2. es A57 eer ers een a ee 36 Muniber of herds tree from tuberculosis... 5... ee 19 PiGeer OF ete Cine eneO a ns aes eles 17 Number of cattle condemned........ pee ees as 99 POE CET Cis i tse ey cs ee eke 21 Of the number condemned, by far the larger part were con- demned last winter, and as you know the Department of Agri- culture at that time had no money to pay for condemned ani- mals, and our board, of course, could not compel their destruc- tion. However most of them were killed under inspection and probably two-thirds were passed as fit for market and the meat sold ; the balance were destroyed, except in a few instances when the owner refused; milk from these herds was not allowed to be sold for city consumption. However this did not cause the own- ers any great hardships, as the local creameries, cheese factories and the milk stations shipping milk to New York City stood ready to take the milk without asking any embarrassing ques- tions. Now as to results obtained. At present our city milk supply is absolutely from none but tuberculin tested animals, except now and then a peddler owing to scarcity of milk at this season has had to take on a new dairy, in such cases if this consists of untested cattle, we require that they be tested within ten days, or that the board of health has the owner’s written application for _ the test to be made by the State Department. In addition, our board has adoped the card system of scoring, requiring a score of 60 per cent. to admit the milk for sale in the city. They also require each dairyman to post in his dairy, a card 10x15 inches, containing the rules and regulations of the board of health gov- erning the milk supply of the city. 546 E. H. NODYNE. Three years ago it was a rare thing to find a dairy that would score above 70, but at present there are very few scoring less than that, the larger part scoring nearer So, a number between 80 and go, and a few above 90; the highest score is 95. While we have no model dairies producing certified milk, I think our milk supply is above the average in the state, and I believe Fulton is the only city in New York State receiving only milk from tu- berculin tested cows. However there are results extending be- yond our city linits. | As I before stated, one result is to drive the owners of dis- eased and suspected cattle to take their milk to the creameries, cheese factories and milk stations. These places are no doubt at present receiving milk from a larger percentage of diseased cattle than ever before, and when they once awaken to the facts, they too will no doubt require closer inspection and accord less weight to the results of a physical examination. Another more favor- able results is that our dairymen are becoming more cautious in purchasing cattle, doing so only when the animals pass the tu- berculin test. I believe there should be a law in this state similar to that of two or three other states, requiring all cheese and butter fac- tories that return skimmed milk to the dairymen to first subject such milk to a degree of heat that will destroy the bacteria it may contain 180 to 185° F., as these places are at present a great source of infection. : Now while I realize that we have not a perfect system of milk and dairy inspection, still I think we have accomplished something, and I believe if a few other cities would go at the matter something after this fashion, that it would not be long before others would follow as a matter of self-protection and in this way tuberculosis in cattle would be much sooner stamped out, and many less lives sacrificed as a result of children partak- ing of infected milk. As this is a subject in which I am deeply interested, I have taken considerable of your time to-day in the hope of getting CITY MILK AND MEAT INSPECTION. 547 ‘some new ideas from some of you gentlemen who I know have had a much wider experience in this work than myself. I hope also to learn something on the subject of meat inspec- tion, for I realize as does our board of health that our present system of meat inspection is very defective indeed. In the first place the salary of the inspector does not allow of his giving sufficient time to meat inspection to make it effective, so long as so much time is necessarily taken up with milk and dairy inspection. There are slaughter houses scattered all over the country, where they kill from one to ten or twelve animals a week, and while some are kept fairly clean and sanitary, and the owners would not offer for sale any meat that they thought was dis- eased, there are other places too filthy for description, where owners would not hesitate to sell anything from a beef carcass affected with generalized tuberculosis, to a pig that had died from hog cholera. Of course the proper solution of this question would be for the city to build a public abattoir, where all animals to be sold for food within the city limits could be slaughtered and inspected at that time; but so far we have been unable to get the necessary appropriation but hope some day in the distant future to accom- plish even this. In the meantime the following rules have been adopted, to take effect the first of next April, in addition to those already in force. : All slaughter houses where animals are killed that are to be offered for sale as food within the limits of the city of Fulton must comply with the following rules and regulations: First—The floor of killing room must be of cement, properly graded and drained and free from cracks. Second—There shall be no hog pen within 100 feet of slaughter house. Third—All hides, bones and litter of all kinds must be re- moved daily, and not allowed to accumulate in, around or under slaughter house. 548 E. H. NODYNE. Fourth—Drainage must be provided to at least 100 feet from slaughter house. } r body fluids shall be allowed to sat- urate ground under or around slaughter house. Sixth—Slaughter houses must be at all times in a sanitary condition satisfactory to the veterinary inspector. Penalty for violation of these rules shall be $25 or revoking of peddler’s license or both. CHARBON Kitts Man.—The first death of a human being as a victim of the dreaded cattle disease, charbon, occurred June 26, ‘when Theophile Eugene, a well-known Frenchman, of Sweet Lake, La., died after having skinned an animal which is sup- posed to have died from the disease. Eugene is said to have found one of his cows dead near his home at night and pro- ceeded to skin the animal in the morning. In some way the fatal germs got into his system. Tue following clipping from the ‘“ Publisher’s Desk” col- umn of The Rural New Yorker of July 17, 1909, indicates the relationship that is contantly growing more mutual between vet- erinary medicine and agriculture; and is also characteristic of this wonderful little agricultural paper, that is ever alert to pro- tect its readers and the public generally from fraud: “A neighbor’s son, whose health demands light labor, has an offer from the Ontario Correspondence School of Veterinary Science, London, Canada, to sell hooks at $3 each, and member- ships. When he has sold these books and memberships they are to start a branch office here with him as head of the office. Do you know this firm? Are they all right, or are they as we sup- peose—swindlers? ‘They have a branch office at Detroit, Mich. i “Yes, we know them. They have worked this game for years. Of course, the branch office proposition is a fake. They make it as.an inducement to get the boys to sell the books. Their correspondence course is a dangerous thing at best. Their so- called certificates have no standing in any of the states, and would not entitle anyone to practice veterinary medicine.’’ ACTINOMYCOSIS. * By Dr. W. L. MEBANE, BANGOR. Actinomycosis (akrts ray uvkns fungus) or Ray Fungus Disease is a form of wound infection manifesting itself by the anatomical changes of a suppurating granulomatous inflamma- tion; it may be caused by several varieties of a group of fungi known as the ray fungi or actinomycetes. It occurs not infre- quently in man, cattle and swine, and has been exceptionally ob- served also in sheep, hart and roe deer, dogs, cats and elephants. The fungi which cause the affection were first discovered by Langenbeck in 1845 in the carions lumbar vertebrze of a man; later by ‘Rivotta in 1868 in tumors of the jaw in cattle and by C. Hahn in 1870 in the tongue in cattle, and have been more fully investigated by Bollinger, Harz, Johne, Israel, Ponfick, Gas- perini, Berestnew, Bostrom and others. They have wide dis- tribution in nature existing especially in field soil and the beards of cereals. The usual mode of infection by the ray fungi is through wounds made by small foreign bodies penetrating into the skin or mucous membranes; as sharp spicules of grain or other stiff particles of food to which the fungi are adherent or they may gain access to the tissues through scratches and similar lesions of the skin. Examples of such mode of infection are common. Persons who put heads of grain into their mouths or who accidentally swallow portions of such heads, or who have been injured while harvesting, have been known to develop at the points of injury (gums, throat, hands) actinomycotic ab- scesses and growths. Swine pastured in stubble land, where their teats are easily wounded by the stiff straw stubble, are not infrequently known to develop actinomycosis of a mamunary gland. Cattle frequently show actinomycosis of the tongue, gums, or lips, aloig with the presence in the tissues of spicules * Read before the M. V. M. A., April 14, 1909. 549 550 W. L. MEBANE. of grain or other food materials which have been forcibly lodged in between the teeth in the pharynx, etc. Occasionally in castra- tion the fungi from the straw of the bedding get into the oper- ation wound and set up actinomycosis of the stump of the seminal cord and scrotum (for details of, Schlegel and Kitt). The oc- currence of actinomycosis occasioned in some such accidental way (pasturing in stubble fields) has been more frequently ob- served than an actual epidemic affection (Bang C. O. Jensen i reusse ). Transmission of actinomycosis from one animal to anotner or to man is very improbable; the few alleged cases of such an occurrence which have been recorded in literature might equally well have been caused by traumatic infection; artificial trans- mission by inoculation has been successful only in a few cases (Johne, Wolf and Israel, Ponfick and others), and in these the experiment animal had to receive rather deep inoculation with comparatively large amounts of the infectious material (intra- peritoneal subcutaneous injection) ; while in ordinary wound in- fection and feeding, transmission failed completely. The anatomical changes brought about by the actinomycotic infection include the information of actinomycotic nodules, ab- scesses and fungous granulomatous proliferations, sometimes ac- companied by indurative connective tissue proliferations. The actinomycotic nodules (actinomycosis nodularis) are small inflammatory foci of the size of a millet seed to that of a pea, yellowish-red or grayish yellow in color, composed of a soft granulation tissue which is developed as the product of a demarcating inflammation about the fungus which acts as a for- eign body; they show one or a number of opaque yellow puncti- form spots from the presence in minute foci within them of the yellow-colored clumps of fungi and pus cells. When they are in the parenchyma of an organ, they are surrounded by a connec- tive tissue zone of induration; when on mucus surfaces they break through and project somewhat. Actinomycotie abscesses (actinomycosis purulenta apostema- tosa) are areas of softening from the size of a plum stone to ACTINOMYCOSIS. dol that of a human head, with purulent contents, which either ap-. pears as a thin, mushy fluid, creamy and of a sulphur yellow color, enclosed in a white indurated abscess wall, or the areas are made up of a flabby grayish-yellow to reddish-yellow matrix, which contains the infiltrating pus; not in separate foci large enough to allow it to be taken out in a spoon, but just as though it were in. a fine sponge; in the latter case there is no real abscess mem- brane present although the surrounding tissue for some distance is converted into an indurated dense white connective tissue. The fungous actinomycosis growths (actinomycosis fun- gosa) look like mushrooms or soft cushions, projecting above the surface of the skin or mucus membrane. They are more or less pedunculated growths, varying in size from that of a nut to that of a fist; covered with blood and pus and crusts with an elastic, soft consistence, on section looking like bacon, grayish- white or grayish-red and thickly beset with points of suppura- tion or the described flabby yellow patches of softening. All three of these forms may occur together and pass into each other. For example, after rupture of an abscess the granu- lomatous proliferation springs up and grows out as a fungous mass, or the small nodules, because of the progressive multipli- cation of the fungi become confluent and form the larger flabby areas of softenings; or the bacon-like connective tissue growth prevails and this causes more or less marked induration of the organ. The most characteristic thing about the actinomycotic growth is the fungus. This may be recognized even by the unaided eye as minute granules the size of a sand grain, soft like tallow or sometimes of a chalky consistence, of a sulphur-yellow color or white; they may often be present in large numbers in the soft- ened areas and the pus from this may sometimes have an almost sand-like gritty consistence. Under the microscope the fungi may be discerned in unstrained preparations as strongly refrac- tive, gray or shining yellow clumps of club-shaped filaments ar- ranged in the form of a rosette (Fungus Glands); in strained did 552 W. L. MEBANE. sections the filamentous intricately branched mycelium forming the matrix may be seen and the clump with its budding elements swollen into club shape and growing out from the periphery in radiating fashion. The clumps of fungi are always surrounded by leucocytes in the fatty and granular detritus; sometimes, too, with here and there a giant cell. About this central, softened focus proliferating fibroplastic tissue is formed, vascular and full of emigrated leucocytes, as a zone of varying width. Actinomycosis is primarily a local affection running a course of months or years in duration. As the fungi penetrate the lymph spaces and are carried to new positions, fresh eruptions in multiple foci of inflammation along the lymph vessels and in the lymph glands arise with purulent softening and coincident pro- duction of new tissue in the soft parts and in the bones. By hzemic convection also the process may become a general one. A number of organs, bones, etc., becoming synchronously or one after another involved. [In cattle one of the most common and characteristic results of actinomycotic infection is that seen in involvement of the jaw, which may well illustrate many of the features of the disease. The infection here is supposed to take place by the penetration of a small spicule of grass or beard of grain into the gum along the root of the tooth; such a foreign element having upon it the actinomycotic fungus. In unknown ways the fungus penetrates along the root well into the alveolar process of the jaw, and there produces the small nodules above described, each undergoing central softening and disintegration, and being surrounded by a zone of new tissue formation at its periphery. Gradually the process loosens the teeth; and as they are elevated in their sockets by the inflammatory tissue and chew- ing becomes painful, the animal stops eating. Sometimes the teeth are forced up so that the animal is unable to close the mouth without pain and the teeth may even be lost. The process gradually spreads throughout the alveolar bone and into and through the whole thickness of the jaw. The inflammatory change about each nodule at first causing absorbtion of the cal- ACTINOMYCOSIS. DDS careous matter, and thus giving the fungi a chance to spread in this softened tissue. As each nodule grows older the formative tissue at its periphery produces new bone; and from the coinci- dent operation of the two factors of bone destruction and bone © formation the jaw becomes enormously enlarged (“‘ Big Jaw’’), riddled with the small points of softening representing the dif- ferent actinomycotic foci and with fistulous paths running all through the mass, connecting these points of disintegration. The jaw may thus have developed within and upon it, a tumor-like mass the size of a double fist or much larger, composed of a coarse framework of newly-formed bone like a coarse calcareous sponge, the meshes of which are occupied by the actinomycotic nodules and their purulent matter. Fistulous sinuses discharge upon the surface and into the mouth; and in the purulent ma- terial are to be seen the tiny yellow sand-like grains, known as sulphur grains, consisting of the fungi themselves. The animal may die from starvation, the process may extend along the ramus of the jaw to the base of the skull and gradually advance by the same changes through the latter and cause death from a purulent meningitis; or the fungi may be carried along the lymphatics of the neck to the thorax, producing an actinomycotic pleurisy and entering the lung to cause fibrosis and purulent de- struction to these organs. Occasionally the fungi, swallowed with the discharge into the mouth, give rise to alimentary actino- mycotic abscesses. | THE BaysHorE Horse SHow, at Bayshore, L. I., the third week in July, proved a marked success, both in attendance and the quality of exhibits. Evidently the horse has in no way lost his old time faculty of attracting elite audiences. THE first meeting in the Grand Circuit for 1909 opened at Detroit, Mich., July 26th, with most of the high-class trotters and pacers of the country in top-notch training. This will be one of the most important events of the year, and will continue for five days. WHAT IS THE NORMAL TEMPERATURE OF CATTLE? By E. C. L. Mitrer, M. D., Detroit, Mic. As is well known, the temperatures of apparently normal cattle vary within unusually wide limits: : Dr, Dinwiddie (1) says, “It varies from 99° F. up to 102.5" F. Dr. Wm. H. Lowe (2) says, eae normal temperature of the bovine is from 100° F. to 102° F.’ For practical purposes it does not matter much what the lower limit of this variation is, but it is important to know the upper limit, as this marks the line between normal and febrile temperatures. This is especially important in the Tuberculin test, as all are agreed that an animal with a febrile temperature should not be tested. The question at once arises, what is a febrile temperature? Dr. Law (3), speaking of the Tuberculin test, says, “ Cattle having: a temperature of 103° F. or above are not favorable sub- jects for the tests except in the case of calves, in which the tem- perature is normally high.” Dr. Winslow (4) says, “ The test crerculin) is unre- liable in animals whose os alate reaches 103° F. during the period prior to the injection.” The Royal Prussian Edict of the 29th of October, 1900 (5), states: “‘ Those animals are to be classed as having reacted and, therefore, as probably tuberculous, whose temperature before the injection does not exceed 39.5° C. (103.1° F.), and whose tem- perature after the injection docs exceed 39.5° C. (103.1° F.), provided there is a difference of, at least, 1° C. (1.8° F.) between the highest temperature before and the highest temperature after the injection. In calves up to 6 months of age, the standard is as above, except that 40° C. (104° F.) is taken instead of 39.5° C. (10g:5° Fa 554 || Ol On WHAT IS THE NORMAL TEMPERATURE OF CATTLE? . In Hutyra and Marek’s new work (6), which is, perhaps, the best thing ever published on veterinary pathology and ther- apy, is the following: ‘“ All animals more than six months old are to be considered tuberculous: ‘““(a) Whose highest temperature after the injection exceeds the highest temperature before the injection by 1.5° C. (2.7° F.). “(b) Whose highest temperature after the injection exceeds 40° C. (104° F.) with a difference of, at least, 0.5° C. (0.9° F.) between the highest temperature before and the highest tem-_ perature after the iniection. ‘““(c) Whose highest temperature after the injection exceeds the highest temperature before the injection by 1° C. to 1.4° C. (1.8° F. to 2.5° F.) or, at least, exceeds 39.5° C. (103.1° F.), provided the animals also exhibit an organic reaction. “ (d) In calves under 6 months of age a rise of temperature is not to be considered positive for tuberculosis unless it exceeds gos” C.2(104.9° F.)." From these quotations, it appears that in America 103° F. and in Germany 103.1° F. are taken as the dividing lines between normal ‘and febrile temperatures in animals more than 6 months old. Examining the records of Parke, Davis & Co.’s Biological Stables for several years back, it seemed desirable to tabulate the temperatures there found. All animals used by them for the production of vaccine virus are first subjected to the Tuberculin test. The stables in which they are kept are large and com- fortable and there is nothing in their surroundings to cause any disturbance in temperature. In tabulating the temperatures, only such animals were utilized as were subsequently used for the production of vaccine. Animals rejected for any reason were not taken. This was to insure that the temperatures here recorded were of animals at that time considered entirely nor- mal. All the cattle were more than one year old and less than two and one-half years. In the case of animals that success- fully passed the Tuberculin test, the records show just two tem- peratures, viz., the highest before injection and the highest after ouU E. C. L. MILLER. injection. The following table shows the highest temperatures before injection and the number of animals exhibiting each tem- perature. TABLE. 12 cattle had a maximum temperature of 101.0° F. before injection. 16 “é “ce ““ “ce “cc IOI 2 “ec “ éé 18 “cc “ce “ “c : “ 101.4 “ “ se 130 “cc “é “ce cc “ Tor6 “cc “ ‘é 200 “cc ‘“c (73 és ‘“ 1OLk ‘““ “cc ‘“c 402 “ce “cc “ “cc “ 1020 “ “ec ee 265 ce “ce “ce “ce “e 103.2 “ce “ce “ “ce “ec ce (74 “ ; ce cc (?7 102. ak “ec “ec ce ee 6e To2 é “ee “ce if’ 185 ce “ce “cc “ee “ 1028 “e “ ce “ec “c ce ce “ce 103.0 “ “ ce I 6é ce “é “ce “c IO 2 “ “ “ec od “ “ce ce ce “cc 3 ce (t3 ce 36 103.4 é 2,307. “ hadanaveragemax. “ #462. 308" °° * ; The table shows that the temperatures of perfectly healthy cattle, even when kept under favorable conditions, may range up to or even above 103° F. The chart shows distinctly that there is no great falling off in numbers till 103.2° F. is passed In fact, 20% per cent. of these cattle have a temperature of 103° F. or above, 39% per cent. are above 102.5° F., and 64 per cent. have a temperature of 102° F. or above. These are highest temperatures and, hence, do not ade- quately represent the average run of temperatures in cattle. They - are not greatly out of the way, however, as is shown by the fact that the average of all these temperatures is 102.395° F., while Muir & Ritchie (7) give the average temperature in cattle as 102.27: These records show that in looking on 103° F. as a febrile temperature, we are being rather too .conservative, as even 103.2° F. is found in a large number of entirely normal cattle. . Proceedings of the Amer. Vete. Med. Association, 1900, p. 2. Special Report of the Diseases of Cattle, from the Becca sf Animal Industry, ipa: 'p. 3. Text-book of Veterinary Medicine. by Jas. Law, 1902, Vol. 463. a Veterinary Materia Medica and Therapeutics, by Kenelm Winslow 3d ed., 1905, DD. 74 5. Lehrbuch der Spec. ger und Therapie der Haustiere, by Friedberger and Froh- ner, 6th ed., 1904, Vol. 2, p. Vol. &: Specielle Path. und Therapie der Haustiere, by Hutyra and Marek, 2d ed., 1909, 0 - Mandel of Bacteriology, by Muir and Ritchie, 4th ed., 1907, p. 259. EE OUR ADVANCE; SOME SUGGESTIONS. * By F. M. Perry, HouLton, MAINE. Mr. Chairman, Gentlemen: Our society, the Maine Veter- inary Medical Association, was organized in 1892, and though now sixteen years old, strange as it may seem to most of us, 1s even now little known to the people of our state. Searching through the lists of the various societies which are annually printed in the Maine Register, the name of this society does not appear. There are The Improved Order of Red Men, Maine Elks, Anti-Saloon League of Maine, Association of Opticians, Eclectic Medical Society, Maine Osteopathic Association, and many others, but no Maine Veterinary Medical Association ap- pears there. Now this condition of things should no longer re- main, and while doubtless the above-mentioned societies are all worthy societies; are all worthy associations, ours is certainly no less so, and it 1s for the purpose of affording a few suggestions that may help to make us and our organization better known and more appreciated that this humble paper is presented. If correct in my diagnosis, I should say that our sins, if any, are sins of omission rather than of commission. We have left undone those things which we ought to have done; thus we have been weak in numbers till of late years, when now we number some forty members all told. Twenty years ago there were only two or three qualified men in the whole state. At that time most any man who had “always been around horses” or cattle was called in to give relief or effect cures, and sad to say many of our citizens have not gotten over the habit yet. About that time the Maine Cattle Commission was organized for the purpose of controlling and eradicating contagious diseases of animals—a commission composed of laymen, bear in mind, with the eception of one veterinarian, the latter of whom *Presented to the Maine Vet. Med. Assn., at Augusta, Jan. 13, 1909. 557. 5d8 F. M. PERRY. presumably had little influence in enacting rules according to scientific principles. How suitable or effective such a commis- sion may have been at that time, it is clearly inadequate now, and its continued existence is not at all flattering to our profession or our association. According to the rules of the commission only the control and eradication of tuberculosis and glanders is attempted, and that, too, in only a spasmodic way, whatever the reasons therefor may be, while we veterinarians sit in the background or do a little test- ing, and wait till next year for our pay, and have no voice in the administration of the work. According to the last census there are in Maine approxi- mately 340,000 head of cattle. How many of them have been tuberculin tested? How many dairies have we inspected? How many hogs have we immunized against cholera?, What other states are doing has little bearing upon the question. How often have we been consulted regarding large matters of veterinary sanitation in Maine? Maine herds are alleged to be compara-. tively free from tuberculosis. How much do we know of the real facts of the situation? Are we justified in resting content until they are practically free from this scourge? Someone has described the up-to-date veterinarian as being in reality a veter- inary engineer, which would imply his ability to direct as well as to execute in detail; also, as already touched upon, the irregular practitioner is still abroad in the land, and strange to say finds favor in many parts of our state, due perhaps to the fact that we do not assert ourselves, and make our presence and usefulness felt as we should; also, strange as it may seem, even our agri- cultural press from time to time takes opportunity to malign and discredit the veterinarian and the tuberculin test; but perhaps enough has been said to.express somewhat correctly our present condition, and assuming this to be so, now for the remedy. In the first place, it is for us to decide whether we are simply doers of odd jobs from day to day, as are plumbers or cobblers, or whether we are professional veterinary engineers capable of con- trolling and stamping out contagious diseases, conducting dairy . a "OUR ADVANCE; SOME SUGGESTIONS. 599 inspection, etc., or doing any veterinary work which our state needs to have done. If of the latter class, then it seems to me that we should present a solid united front as a profession and a society and petition our legislature to abolish the present ob- viously incapable cattle commission, and in its stead place the most capable veterinarian to be found willing to accept the posi- tion, and then give him full power to work to control and eradi- cate any and all contagious diseases of animals found in our borders. The legislative committee must be impressed with the impor- tance and necessity of a large appropriation in order for the vet- erinarian in charge to prosecute the work constantly and with vigor and to adequately pay his assistants; also an act ought to be created to restrict the sale of tuberculin and mallein to qualified veterinarians only. Let every veterinarian provide himself with a list of the names of every dairyman or owner of animals in his district; then he should have his own name on the mailing lists of the United States Department of Agriculture and the various experiment stations; get as many of these circulars and pam- phlets as possible bearing upon diseases of animals, dairying and animal husbandry, and mail one each from time to time to those on the home list. Not only start this campaign of education, but keep it up. Many of our clients may not read them at-all, but some will, and an increasing number will be won over to having the health of their animals safe-guarded by a scientific man. It might not be out of place for each sender to provide him- self with a rubber stamp, bearing the words, ‘‘ Compliments of BE Se See ar ,’ for example, and have each piece of literature sent out so stamped. Those members living in dairy districts and in the vicinity of granges should offer their services gratis, as speakers on some veterinary topic at public meetings of that order, though in some such ways as above we might make our influence felt and gain the confidence and respect of the pub- lic for our knowledge of the various subjects within our own field. At such meeting would be a grand opportunity to answer 560 F. M. PERRY. i questions and clear up misconceived notions and enlarge acquaint- anceship. The follcwing out of these suggestions offered may not ap- pear to all of you to constitute a remedy that will effect an im- mediate cure, but, gentlemen, it seems to me that such measures, if faithfully carried ont and followed up, would certainly help us in our advance all along the line of veterinary work, broaden the field of our usefulness to the state, bring to the public the real value of the trained man over the empiric, our ability and will- ingness to serve, and thus earn the resulting confidence and re- — spect and also the responsibilities of public sanitation that are all ours by right, and so make our influence and the influence of this association felt throughout the state. Dr. J. Oris Jacoss, Resident State Secretary for Nevada of The American Veterinary Medical Association, has opened a new veterinary hospital in Reno, and is enjoying a good prac- tice. Durine July, Prof. Liautard entertained at his home in Paris Dr. James B. Paige, of Amherst Agricultural College, Dr. W. H. Dalrymple, late president of the A. V. M. A., and one or two other prominent American veterinarians, and speaks of the great amount of pleasure it has afforded him. Just as we are closing our forms, we are in receipt of cir- cular No. 1, July, 1909, from Dr. Winfield B. Mack, Veterin- arian and Bacteriologist, College of Agriculture, Reno, Nevada, on Glanders. It contains chapters on the history, geographical distribution, cause, symptoms, post-mortem findings, diagnosis, mode of infection, prevention and eradication; and altogether is a valuable addition to the literature on this important subject. APRIL I, 1909, the Governor of Nevada appointed Dr. T. F. Richardson, D. V. S., B. S., of Goldfield, Nevada, a graduate of the Washington State Agricultural College at Pullman, Washington, State Veterinarian of Nevada to succeed [. W. O’Rourke, removed. Dr. Richardson has begun a vigorous campaign against infectious diseases that gives promise of much benefit to the live stock interests of the state. COLIC.* By Wan. DrinKWATER, MonriceLto, lowa. Mr. President and Fellow Members of this Association. With the idea of bringing this subject up for discussion, I offer this paper for consideration. Colic is known as a painful spasmodic contraction of a por- tion of the intestine due to the irritation of indigestible food or some substance that is not considered food for horses or cattle. The pain may be induced by the animal taking a large drink of cold water while in a heated or exhausted condition, or imme- diately after violent exercise, as the nerves of the stomach and bowels are in sympathy with the system, and those organs are not in a condition to take care of or assimilate a load suddenly forced upcn them; or by changes of food, particularly a generous allowance of the same. Water given immediately after feeding may wash out a part of the food into the bowels before the juices of the stomach have acted on it, and cause irritation, and sometimes impaction. Exercise immediately after a large feed may disturb the functions of the stomach and bowels and cause flatulence and attempts at vomiting or rupture of the stomach. Some kinds of grain, particularly corn, that is not well dried out before freezing weather comes on, or barley or oats of poor quality, will not digest and will cause flatulence, diarrhea or en: teritis, all accompanied by distinctive symptoms. Some horses become so subject to colic that they are almost useless to their owners, and are disposed of to others who will have little or no trouble with them owing to a different method of feeding. Cattle occasionally manifest colic by kicking at their sides and lying down and getting up again quickly, owing to frosted or indigestible food. * Read before Iowa State Veterinary Medical Association. 561 562 WM. DRINKWATER. The different forms of colic are manifested to us by attempts at vomiting and the regurgitation of small quantities of food when the stomach is the seat of trouble, and sometimes some flatulence of the bowels is apparent, and the animal pawing with the fore feet, and lying down quickly and getting up again quickly. Spasmodic contractions of the truly digestive portion of the bowels are manifested by sudden pawing of the fore feet, or kicking toward the affected part with one or the other of the hind feet, and lying down suddenly, and rolling over and back repeatedly, and sometimes, by perspiration breaking out over the body. When the caecum or colon is impacted, the horse looks from side to side and lies down and stretches out for a while, and may rise partly up and sit on the haunches, the latter being a symptom of inflammation of that part or of hernia of some part near. Enteritis is indicated by the horse lying down almost all the time and trying to balance itself on the back, and when it rises, to pawing with a forefoot violently, and trying to strike some- thing in front of it, or get the fore feet into some higher plane, as if it were trying to climb. Sweats bedew the body till the in- flamed portion of the bowel becomes mortified, and then the pa- tient becomes quiet, and in a short time death is the result. A jerking movement of the cesophagus, similar to a hiccough, indicates volvulus, intussusception, hernia or laceration of some part of a bowel. I have made many post-mortem examinations of cases that did not yield to treatment, and have found rupture of the stom- ach; once where a simple twist of the duodenum would not al- low the contents of the stomach to pass out while it was dis- tended with flatulence, caused by a feed of green corn, which was intended for the hogs. I have seen two or three cases where the omental coverings of the stomach were ruptured and had slid off that part, and the organ was attached only by the cesophagus and duodenum. I have met with the omental covering of other parts lying loose among the bowels and sometimes a rupture of the mesen- cOoLic. 563 tery, allowing a number of feet of the bowels to lie among the other bowels, without any attachments; which I believe was caused by the violent rolling and falling of the patient before re- lief could be given. I saw a case last summer wie a rupture of the diaphragm allowed the stomach and a large portion of the intestines to slip into the thoracic cavity, and the horse lived about ped hours with it. I have found two different forms of bowel knot, and once, where a tumor like a hen’s egg had formed on the side of the colon, and a part of the bowel had been drawn around it so tight- ly that passage of feces was impossible. A case that had my attention for three days died, and upon examination we found an impaction commencing at the ileo caecal valve and extending back four or five feet like a beef sausage. My theory is that where all the parts remain intact, that is, where none of the foregoing lesions have occurred, that relief ought to be afforded by medicinal or mechanical means, and.I use Ol. Lini from a pint to a pint and a half, with one to two ounces of Ol. Terebinthee for flatulence in stomach or bowels, and if more medicinal treatment is needed, I use Hyposulphite of Soda, three or four ounces, dissolved in hot water and an ounce of Chloral Hydrate dissolved with it or given immediately after. If flatulence is apparent mostly in the stomach, probably re- lief would be best given with the stomach tube, but I have had little experience with it. When the flatulence is most apparent in the bowels, I have used the trocar and canula with success. For painful spasm of the bowels Chloral Hydrate has given me the most satisfaction, but as it is usually due to some irritant, to get rid of it seems to give the best permanent results by giving Ol. Lini and Turpentine or Eserine Pilocarpine and Strychnine have given the best results. 7 For impaction Ol. Lini and Terebinthz, Aloes and Nux Vom- ica with Ammonium Carbonate and warm water injections and sometimes walking exercises if the patient is otherwise robust. 564 WM. DRINKWATER. For Enteritis in horses or cattle, no treatment has ever helped or given any relief, and it is apparent that when the portion of bowel is inflamed that no medicine or any treatment can give re- lief and it is only when the affected part of the bowel is gan- greous that the patient seems to be relieved. : Occasionally we see symptoms of colic in cattle and a mixture of two oz. Nitrous Ether and one oz. of Aromatic Spirits Am- monia repeated two or three times hourly has given the desired effects without affecting the appetite or digestion. This paper is based on my own experience, and colic has given me many days and nights of worry, work and study, and when I am told that a horse cr cow is having trouble with its water, I prepare myself for an indefinite stay in any time of day or night. Dr. R. T. WuiItTtLesey, of Los Angeles, Cal., has been ap- pointed veterinarian for the Los Angeles Aqueduct, which is a $23,000,000 engineering proposition to bring a river of water three hundred miles from the Sierra Mountains to Los Angeles — City. There are 1,000 head of mules and horses strung along the line, and it is taking close watching to keep glanders from get- ting a foothold. His health has been bad for several years, but he thinks roughing it on the deserts and mountains will make a three-year- old of him again. [N renewing his subscription to March, 1910, Dr. W. A. Ax- ford, of Chester, N. J., says: “‘ I have been a subscriber to the REVIEW since the time it began striving for a foothold among the elbowing thousands and have watched with pleasure its prog- ress, until it stands to-day alone in its class as a veterinary pub- lication. The Review has always been of benefit to me, in my early manhood as well as in my declining years; for I am old now and begin to feel the infirmities of a busy life; but I want to die in harness, die in the shafts and straps, fall as the burden kills me one of the day’s mishaps, one of the passing wonders, marking the busy road, a toiler dying in harness, heedless of call or goad. és, THE VETERINARIAN AS A SANITARIAN.* By Netson N. Lerter, Batavia, N. Y. In response to an appeal from our worthy secretary to pre- pare something for this meeting, I decided on the above as my subject, at the same time feeling that I could hardly do my paper justice, so with your kind indulgence I will endeavor in my humble way to throw a little light, if possible, upon the subject of sanitation, and the relation it bears to the every day life of the veterinarian. The sciences have declared that sanitation must play an im- portant role in the welfare and preservation of the animal king- dom. For without proper attention along sanitary lines, we, as veterinarians are not doing our whole duty toward the proper protection of the public health. In scanning the field of the veterinarian we note with pride the great strides which have been made in the last few years, and its broadening out into the field of scientific investigation and research work. We also note with pride that the veterinarian has become quite a factor as an aid to the health department of our various cities and villages, and in quite a number of instances have been appointed to serve as a member of the board of health of his re- spective city, rendering invaluable assistance by his wise judg- ment and in keeping constantly before the public the great neces- sity of strict adherence to perfect sanitary conditions. We have read, discussed and talked of antiseptics, disinfec- tants, antitoxins and last, but by no means least, the great bug- bear Tuberculosis, until we have worn them thread-bare. But little do we hear along the line of Veterinary Sanitation. | _ How many of us here are true sanitarians? How many of the members of this society realize the great importance of advo- *Read before Gen. Valley Vet. Med. Ass’n; Rochester, Jan. 7, 1909. | 565 566 NELSON N. LEFLER. cating as much as possible, in a professional way, the thorough observance of strict sanitary conditions, particularly as to stables and their immediate surroundings? In order to be successful veterinarians we must also be thor- ough sanitarians, never tiring in our efforts to show our clients whereby they can improve on the sanitary conditions of their buildings and their surroundings. In so doing we are not only administering to the needs of cur patients, but to the welfare ot our clients also. How ofien are we called to administer to some - sick animal which is being kept in a stable, that for unhealthy conditions, one would wonder that any living thing could sur- vive the surroundings. A few of the more common unsanitary conditions we meet with as veterinarians are mostly in under- ground stables, where the floor has been laid upon the ground, allowing all the liquids to work upwards through the cracks, thereby producing a veritable hot-bed for disease-breeding bac- teria. Another condition often met with, particularly in the country district, is allowing pools of sepage to accumulate in the yards and paddocks from which animals are allowed to drink at will. The first essential to impress upon our clients is proper drain- age of his buildings and yards, more particularly the dairy. Do not be afraid, as the attending veterinarian to a herd of dairy cows, to make such suggestions tending to better sanitation in the stable or milk room, as the case may be. The average farmer or dairyman is an educated man, quick to take good advice, if we will but convince him that it is to his interest, but with some of his shortcomings like traditions have existed for generations before him, and as his attention had never been called to the evil, it had been allowed to go on. It is our. duty as veterinarians to advise with our clients and endeavor in every way possible to better his condition by educating him to the grave necessity of strict sanitation in all things. If you will pardon me for deviating from my subject for a moment, I will just refer to another very important matter neces- sary for the success of the sanitary veterinarian, and that is ven- THE VETERINARIAN AS A SANITARIAN. 567 tilation; which goes hand in hand with sanitation. There is no animal so susceptible to foul air as the horse, particularly while suffering from some of the different forms of pulmonary dis- eases. Some practitioners have wonderful success in the treat- ment of these diseases, while others have just as successful fail- ures, and in a great majority of cases the success of the former was due to the fact that he insisted and got good, pure air, good careful nursing, together with careful attention to sanitary sur- roundings and very little medicine, while with the latter prac- titioner his failure is due mostly to his indifference to the laws of nature as to ventilation and sanitation, too much medicine, ' poor nursing and in cold weather insufficient clothing. I thank you very much for your attention, and if by these few lines I have awakened a little interest or have added any suggestions which will prove of benefit, I will feel well satisfied with this little effort. He Dip Not Benieve In Microspes.—The following clip- ping from the New York Evening Journal of July 19, 19009, re- lates a terrible object lesson to the skeptical victim who refused to be instructed by these who had made a study of a science of which he knew nothing: “Until very recently a man up at Middletown, New York, had the notion that the germ theory is all nonsense. He hasn’t that notion any more, for it killed him. “The man was Theodore Wright, fifty years old. He lived in a district where the germ of anthrax has been killing cattle. He said it was all nonsense to talk about a germ, and he skinned the cows that had died. “He was warned to be careful, and especially to bee the fresh hides of the dead cows away from any part of his body that might be scratched and allow the germ to enter. “To show his great contempt of ‘the germ theory,’ this un- . fortunate, ignorant man wrapped one of the fresh hides around his neck and carried it into the barn. “Through some slight wound in the neck the bacilli or germs of anthrax, invisible to the eye of a man who did not believe in science, got into his blood. His face and throat began to swell shortly. and he was dead in five days, after suffering great agony.” HYOSCINE MORPHINE CACTIN THE MOST DESIRABLE ANESTHETIC FOR DOGS, By D. M. CampseLt, TopEKA, KANSAS. In the following article ““H.M.C.” is used for brevity. It refers to a compound of Hyoscine, grain 1/100; Morphine, grain 4; and Cactin, grain 1/67. The manufacturers claim that this Hyoscine is made from hyoscyamus, and though chem- ically identical to pure scopolamine, differs in physiological ac- tion. I believe the compound as stated above is the safest anes- thetic for dogs. During the past year and a half I have performed about 70 oophorectomies in bitches under the influence of the H.C.M. anes- thetic. There was no fatality among this number, neither during the operation nor subsequently and the anesthesia was in every case (sometimes a very small amount of chloroform was also used) sufficient where at least an hour was allowed to elapse between the giving of the H.M.C. and the beginning of the oper- ation, A mistake I have made a number of times and have “known others to make, is that of beginning the operation too soon after giving the anesthetic. The greatest advantage I have noted ee this anesthetic is the quiet it induces after operation. Shortly after a laparotomy under chloroform anesthesia bitches become very restless from the pain following the operation, and very frequently they are much nauseated, and the violent retching during the 36 hours succeeding is extremely undesirable, and in many cases it is the cause of internal hemorrhage. The almost absolute quiet that occurs during the 12 hours succeeding the H.M.C. anesthesia is most desirable and very difficult to secure by other means. Perhaps one-half of the bitches presented to the veterinarian for spaying are at the beginning of the oestrual period. It is the symptoms of approaching heat that determines the owner 568 HYOSCINE MORPHINE CACTIN, ANESTHETIC FOR DOGS, 569 to have the work done immediately. Before I knew of the H.M.C. anesthesia | would not operate under these conditions on account of the large amount of chloroform required at this time to produce narcosis, being dangerous to the patient and because of the pain and frequently hemorrhage that followed the oper- ation. With the hypodermic anesthetic I cannot see that the Operation is more serious for the patient than it is during the quiescent state of the reproductive organs. In four cases I re- moved the ovaries and the gravid uterus with no ill effects fol- lowing. As to the dosage, I have given H.M.C. in varying amounts. I once gave a full size tablet to a puppy weighing less than 10 pounds, and was called to see her 18 hours later, the owner stating the puppy had almost stopped breathing. Found her in a deep sleep breathing very slowly, but easily awakened. A hypodermic of strychnine and glonoin quickly revived her. I have found a half size tablet to be all small dogs or fox terriers should have. I now give a full size tablet of H.M.C. for each 25 pounds of weight and usually find it necessary to administer a small amount of chloroform at the beginning of the operation. A much larger dose than this is borne quite well by all breeds to which I have administered it, except fox terriers. I have come near being unable to revive five animals of that breed after administering doses twice as large as the above. Ina single case the above dose (one full size tablet to 25 pounds of weight) was insufficient; that was in a large bull dog to which was given 1% full size tablets with no effect that I could ob- serve other than the initial nauseating. This was not for an oophorectomy. Within two minutes after injecting the H.M.C. the dog will completely empty its stomach, and usually the retching will con- tinue till some mucus is thrown up. This passes, however, and after five or ten minutes no nausea remains. The anesthesia is not deep, a sharp word or quick movement will arouse the pa- tients often when they are insensible to even the pain resulting from traction on the ovarian ligaments. g © D. M. CAMPBELL. STRYCHNINE Potsonine.—lIn strychnine poisoning in dogs. I know of no other treatment that will equal a hypodermic of apomorphine hydrochloride (1/30 of a grain for a 30-pound dog), followed in ten minutes by a full dose of H.M.C. Dogs treated thus that were unable to stand and in such spasms that medicament could not have been administered by the mouth, were well in half an hour. But on no account should the apo- morphine be omitted from this treatment. I have used this treatment in 8 cases of strychnine poisoning in dogs with re- covery in each case. , EcLaMpsIa OF SUCKLING Britcuers.—I have used H.M.C. in two cases of eclampsia of suckling bitches. The first was one | in which I had prescribed 6-grain doses of chloral in solution every ten minutes. This treatment was persisted in for two hours and the bitch which was a small one, was worse than at the beginning of the treatment. I was called again and admin- istered a full size tablet of H.M.C. The bitch was sound asleep in 30 minutes and continued so for several hours. In the other case a small house dog suffering from a mild attack of eclampsia, was given a half-size tablet and was soon quiet. THE REVIEW comes every month like a letter from home. (J. Harrison, V. S., Dalhart, Tex.) Is Your Mitxk WaAtreERED?—A simple and practical test for watered or skimmed milk is credited by the Scientific American to Professor Michaud, of the Costa Rica State College. The suspected milk should be diluted with fifty volumes of water— one ounce of milk to two and a half pints of water, or any other convenient measure—well stirred, and then taken with a lighted candle into a darkened room. Now hold an ordinary table glass above the candle flame, and look down through its bottom at the flame while pouring the milk mixture slowly into the tumbler. When the fluid reaches a height at which the flame becomes invisible, measure its depth. If the milk was pure, this should not be greater than one inch. A good milk so diluted will obscure the flame when only seven-eighths of an inch deep. LITTLE THINGS THAT HELP TO MAKE SUCCESS IN THE PRACTICE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SURGERY.* By F. J. Nieman, MARSHALLToWN, lowA. I have chosen this subject, partially because of the little re- quired in its preparation, more especially, however, for the lack of time, or a want of opportunity for the profound thought necessary in the preparation and the proper presentation of a deeper and more scientific subject. While I have little to say along this line, I have a desire to show my willingness to per- form the duty required of me, as I believe it to be one that de- volves upon us all, and should be performed alike by every mem- ber of this society, if its meetings are to be of benefit to us pro- fessionally. JI have made no new invention nor important dis- coveries in the science of medicine or surgery, neither have I old hobbies to bore you with, or theories that I care to illustrate or discuss but simply want to call your attention to some of the many little things that we so frequently neglect, and so very easily forget in the practice of our profession, while grappling with the larger problems of daily life. It is the duty of every practitioner to answer his calls promptly, and see that the surroundings of his patient are hy- genic, plenty of good bedding, the ventilation good, in fact, all of the little details that go to make the patient comfortable. A veterinarian may be well versed in all the isms of the cate- gory, but if he is not observant and careful in the many little things, he has failed in that important particular, and is not.a successful practitioner neither can he long expect to retain the confidence of his patrons. The doctor may correctly diagnose his case ae rightly pre- scribe for it, but if he only directs the number of doses to be * Read before the Iowa State Vet. Med. Assn. 571 F. J. NIEMAN. x1 =~] ko given in a certain length of time, he has not done his whole duty to that particular patient. To illustrate, if feed and water are to be given see that the water is in a clean pail and comes from - a clean tank or well, and that the pail is emptied and rinsed out regularly and fresh water supplied. The hay and grain should have the same consideration. I have seen poor sick animals compelled to drink from slop pails, the hay had been in the manger for a week or more, all wet and soiled, the feed box contained oats that had actually begun to grow. I regard as another very important little thing, that the doc- tor impress upon the mind of the caretaker that a great respon- sibility rests with him. He should be instructed to be careful and kind to the animal; at least once a day remove the blanket and give the patient a good gentle brushing, the limbs should also receive attention, such as brushing, fresh cotton and the bandages reapplied. : I have always found it to be a good plan to give an honest opinion of the case in hand, not always being too frank, telling the owner that the case was hopeless, but explaining fully the dangers of the situation. In examining your patient you should always observe cleanliness, all instruments and bottles should be clean and sightly, as nearly all people are more or less sensi- tive about those little things, and especially if you are called to see some family pet, and’negiect of these little niceties will leave room for censure and might, in some cases, cause your dismissal. In vour surgery and obstetrical cases great care should be taken to see that your hands and instruments are thoroughly clean and free from disease, both for the good of yourself and patient. The skin of the finger tips should be thin and smooth, as the sense of touch is oft-times as necessary in making a diag- nosis as that of either sight or hearing. Nowhere in the science of medicine or the entire field of cure is there as great a demand for close attention to the little things, as are found in the field of infectious and contagious diseases. LITTLE THINGS THAT HELP TO MAKE SUCCESS. 573 It is the duty of every veterinarian to call diseases by their proper names, isolating the sick from the healthy, and reporting ali contagious and suspicious diseases to the proper authorities, so they may be placed in quarantine, thereby following out the rule that will insure the greatest amount of good to the greatest number of people. | The veterinarians’ office should be clean and neat, equipped with modern appliances and located on a business street. The doctor should be in accord with his surroundings, keeping pace with the onward march of the profession, thoroughly informed on all methods, showing a personal interest in his business. He should keep his accounts posted up to date, having his patrons understand that any business done through his office 1s a matter of dollars and cents and all accounts are due when services are rendered. There is no profession on earth as slack about collections as the veterinarians of to-day. : THE ALABAMA VETERINARY MeEpiIcAL AssocrIATION held their second annual meeting at Auburn, July 23 and 24, when an interesting program was gone through with. Dr. S. H. ELtery, Graduate of Chicago Veterinary College, 1894, died in the Springfield Hospital, Springfield, Mass., June 30, as result of operation for Intestinal Intussusception. He had been in practice since graduation’at Palmer Brinfield, and after- wards was located at Greenwich Village, where he also con- ducted a hotel. He leaves a mother, wile and two small chil- dren, and was well-to-do. He was a grandson of Herring the safe manufacturer. . . Rooster Draws A Cart.—Judd, a ten-pound Plymouth Rock rooster, owned by Abel R. Woodward, a merchant of Win- sted,-Conn., has been broken to harness by Woodward’s young son, Irving, who hitches the chanticleer to a cart and drives him around as one would a horse. Judd cannot trot in harness yet, but is a fast walker. The harness consists principally of a breast collar, traces and reins, —New York World, Sunday, July 25, 1909. REPORTS OF CASES. “Careful observation makes a skillful practitioner, but his skill dies with him. By recording his observations, he adds to the knowledge of his profession, and assists by his facts in building up the solid edzfice of pathoiogical science.” FATAL COLIC, A RESULT OF OBSTRUCTION WITH A LEIOMYOMA. By A. T. Kinstey, M. Sc., D. V. S., Pathologist Kansas City Veterinary College. A seven-year-old male mule was taken to a veterinary hos- pital for treatment. The mule was the property of a farmer and From a photograph of a section of intestine showing the leiomyoma. The intestine was turned inside out in the above. had been used almost entirely on the farm, occasionally being driven to town. Early in the morning of the day that the mule was presented for treatment he and his mate were hitched to a 574 REPORTS OF CASES. 57D wagon loaded with hogs and driven 3% miles to town. After the hogs had been unloaded this mule showed some signs of colic and by a careful examination it was determined that the mule was afflicted with impaction colic. He was placed in a comfortable stall and given linseed oil and an anodyne. Cameralucida drawing of a microscopic section of the intestinal leiomyoma showing the typical fusiform cells with a rod-shaped nucleus. The symptoms gradually became more pronounced and the mule could not be quieted even by large doses of chloral and cannabis indica, and finally died about 18 hours after he was taken in charge by the veterinarian. \ 576 REPORTS OF CASES. “Autopsy.—The large colon, especially the second portion of it, contained an excessive quantity of densely packed partially digested food material. About 20 inches anterior to the ileo- cecal valve two tumor like masses were found. The two tumors were about 3 inches apart and each of them was about the size of a large egg. (See the accompanying illustration.) These tumors were both suspended from the superior or mesenteric portion of the intestine and projecting downward practically oc- cluded the intestinal lumen. They were completely surrounded by a fibrous capsule; were rather dense and cut with a resistance similar to fibrous tissue; in color they appeared very much like involuntary muscle; they had a limited blood supply. Histologically these tumors were found to be composed ot involuntary smooth muscle tissue, with a small amount of sup- porting fibrous tissue interwoven and were called leiomyomata. Their being circumscribed, and the fact that they were completely encapsulated, was sufficient to differentiate them from hyper- trophy of the intestinal muscle. Several days after the mule died it was learned that he had been subject to colic, having an attack once each month, or even more frequent. GASTRO-ENTERITIS IN HOGS. CAUSED By EaTtTING YOUNG CocKLEBURS (Xanthium Cana- dense). By A. T. Kinstey, M. Sc., D. V. S., Kansas City, Mo. On May 20 the superintendent of a large farm in Clay County, Missouri, found seven 6 months’ old shoats dead in the pasture. On arriving at the farm the superintendent said he had turned 100 six months’ old shoats in a forty acre field two .or three days previously. ‘This field had been in alfalfa until June, 1908, when the alfalfa was destroyed by the overflow of the Missouri River. On driving across the field it was found to be covered by cockleburs just coming through the ground. The hogs were noticed to eat the young cockleburs, especially those that had just pushed up through the soil. The remaining live hogs were driven to the barn and placed in a small pen, where they were inspected to determine, if pos- REPORTS OF CASES. DTT sible, whether any others were affected. One was found that appeared dumpish and showed little tendency to-move about. It had a normal temperature, and in fact seemed normal in every particular except that it was dull and stupid. | The dead hogs were carted to a pile of stumps, where they could be readily cremated, and a careful post-mortem examina- tion was made of three of them with the following findings: a marked gastro-enteritis involving the entire stomach and small intestine (see cut), and in one the inflammation extended for Section of gastric mucus membrane of pig, poisoned by the young cocklebur plant X 100. considerable distance into the large intestine. The liver was hyperzemic in two cases and practically normal in the other. No other lesions were noted. The inflammation was intense, the entire mucus membrane being involved and in one case it readily sloughed, leaving a de-. d78 REPORTS OF CASES. nuded surface (this was not the result of So st marten changes, for the hog had not been dead for more than 1% hours). The inflammation had the appearance of being caused by some chem- ical irritant. From the history and post-mortem lesions, the caus of death was given as acute gastro-enteritis caused by eat- ing young cockleburs. INTERESTING CASES.* By W. B. WasHsurn, Tiffin, O. The subject assigned me by our worthy secretary, in my opinion, is one of the most important that we, the common coun- try practitioners, have to deal with. We, who have to be able to treat all the domestic and some- times some wild animals, from the bird to the horse and cow, do surely need the various experiences of our fellow practi- tioners. Interesting, and I may say puzzling cases, are occurring every day in the practice of veterinary science which, if reported at these meetings, might possibly be of some benefit to a few of us at least, while to the teachers, to the men engaged in control work, to the bacteriologists or mycroscopists, the cases that are of interest, or that occasionally occur in the work of the country practitioner, are to them of little value. However, many of us are country practitioners and in a little hamlet like the place where I practice, the subject of “ Interesting Cases,’’ as assigned me, might better be styled ‘‘ The Report of a Few Cases”’ that were of interest to myself. However, I will not bore you with many of them. Case No. I. is a continual one of over two years’ standing, that of a roan draft mare that came to us two years ago last spring as a four-year-old with an enlargement on the right side of the face over the third and fourth upper molars, about the size of a small hen egg. After having treated it for about two months with the various mercurial ointments and linaments to no avail, she was returned for examination, and we found the thing to be as large as a goose egg. The teeth were examined very care- fully as were they the first time we saw her, but they appeared perfectly sound. * Presented to the Ohio State Vet. Med. Assn., Jan. 12-13, 1909. REPORTS OF CASES, 579 We trephined the enlargement in two places, but got only a yellow serous fluid from what appeared to be'a perfectly smooth cavity, and she was again sent home. The wound healed slowly and soon after the whole right side of the face began to enlarge, and she was again returned for examination and treatment. This time we decided to remove the whole enlargement, which consisted of the entire outside of the superior maxillary bone and up to and into the superior maxillary sinus. We called a couple of physicians to examine the job after we had finished, and they thought the trouble was now ended. However, such was not the case, for a few months later when we thought everything was O. K., the head began to dis- charge as usual a serous fluid mixed a little with pus. Having come to the conclusion that she had better be in the fertilizer works than in that condition in that section of country, I bought the mare and shortly afterward she began to show some difficulty in breathing. No discharge, however, coming from the nostril. After veterinary counsel, diseased condition of the turbin- ated bones was the verdict, and removal of the same recom- mended. The operation consisted of two trephine holes into the frontal _ sinus at the base of the right nasal bone and a third hole in the lower part of the nasal bone. The bone between, consisting of about all of the nasal bone, was then sawed out, the frontal sinus cleaned out and the superior turbinated bone removed. While at work near the bottom of the wound, my curet came in contact with a bone substance which revolved very readily, and upon examination appeared to be about four inches in diameter. ' The way we thought best to remove this was to crush it, which we - did with a pair of dental forceps, and upon further examination found it to be what I called a bone cyst, the walls of which were fully 1% inch in thickness, and perfectly smooth on both inner and outer surfaces. This cyst contained the same serous-like fluid that had previously come from the head. | The question with me was, what was the cause of this forma- tion? I would like to ask whether any other member ever had a similar case? But to continue with the mare. This summer she became the worst cribber J] ever saw, and after trying about every method and device we could think of, such as sawing between teeth, wedging, hog rings, etc., we cut the tendon of the sternomaxil- 580 REPORTS OF CASES. laris muscle and she quit cribbing, and so continued when I traded her off about a month ago. . Case No. Il. That of a gray draft stallion used out of season in a coal wagon. . On March g last, by some violent exertion in getting a heavy load out of a mudhole, he ruptured a vessel, I presumed, in the head, and bled very profusely from the nose; so much so, that when we got on the ground, he could scarcely stand. The hemorrhage was stopped by intravenous injection of adrenelin and nasal douches of ergot and iron; stimulants were given, and in about ten hours he was moved two blocks to his stable. The second day we were called and found right lung filled with blood, all it would stand, and a considerable amount in the left; temperature 1041; and it was all he could do to breathe; pulse according. : This being a good case, we thought, on which to try the ni- trox salt preparation, we immediately gave him 2 oz. in the jugu- lar, repeated the same in ten hours, and once a day thereafter for six days. He recovered nicely from the lung trouble in due time, but on or about the fourth or fifth day his penis came down and we were never able to get him to retract it within the sheath. _ The various ointments and lotions including bandages were used, but without effect. The electric battery and generator, to- gether with nux vomica to the verge of convulsion, were used, but no results. ; We then recommended amputation, but the owner would not consent, and suggested castration instead, which we did on May II, but this did not better the case. Having become tired of seeing the horse about in that condi- tion, early in June the owner at last said, ‘‘ Cut the darned si off. 33 Our mode of operating in the case, after we had cast and chloroformed the horse and disinfected the parts, was to pass the catheter and place two ligatures about the penis about two inches apart. From the front ligature we cut ina V shape to the back one, the apex at the rear. The tissue down to the urethra and part way up the side of it having been dissected away, the urethra Was split and stitched back to the sides. The penis was then cut off at the front ligature and parts thoroughly cauterized, done up in tincture of iron and the horse released. In three days the wounds were dressed and every few days thereafter. The horse is now at work every day and sound. REPORTS OF CASES. 581 About eighteen inches of the penis was amputated. What caused the paraphymosis of the penis? Has anyone a word to say in behalf of nitrox salt? We imagined great benefit in this case. Case No. III. A black grade draft mare was brought to our piace in early spring in a very much emaciated condition, so much so that her weight was but 1,000 pounds. Owner’s statement was that she had been suffering from “ The Whites” for about six months. She had been treated by two different practitioners for leucorrhcea and one for continual menstruation, with a last recommendation to breed her. We tried to persuade owner we cculd tell him nothing about the case without a physical exam- ination of the genito urinary parts, but he insisted that there was nothing wrong but leucorrhcea, and wanted treatment for the same. As occasionally happens at our place, we had a busy day and gave him treatment for bladder irritation after his description of her frequent to almost continued micturition. . However, the mare came back in about two weeks and ex- amination revealed what I now have with me, found in the bladder. (E-srhibits calculus.) After trying with all the instruments I had and could borrow to crush it, but to no avail, we decided to cut for it, which we did by cutting down through the floor of the vagina, making a hole in the fundus of the bladder large enough far the easy removal of the deposit. The bladder was thoroughly irrigated, then stitched up, which consisted of stitching the vagina ‘and bladder with the same stitch. A solution of hydrastis and opium was left in the bladder and a drainage tube put in to take away the urine as it accu- mulated. This tube consisted of a half inch rubber hose, and was held in position by various bandages for five days. Mare ap- peared to do well and was sold to the shipper in the fall weigh- ing 1,450 pounds. SCRAPS.* By H. B. TremMan, Rockwell City, Iowa. - Having noticed at our previous meetings the interest every one seemed to take in all new means of restraint or a change in * Read before the Iowa State Vet. Med. Assn. 582 REPORTS OF CASES, the usual technique of an operation, etc., etc., I thought the fol- lowing would not come amiss. I used always to dread holding or handling the hind feet of a young or unbroken horse, so I de- vised the following plan: Scrap No. 1.—Take a piece of 54 rope with a noose that will not slip in one end large enough to go round the neck near the shoulder, then a half-hitch around the body just back of where the back band of a harness comes, then back through a strap buckled firmly around the roots of the tail, then a ring or a knot is fixed and a small block and tackle runs from it to a hobble on the foot you desire to raise, a ten-year-old boy can do the rest. Scrap No. 2.—The first few times I passed the Knisely stomach tube with a speculum in the horse’s mouth I was con- siderably disgusted, especially so as one horse developed degluti- tion pneumonia as a result of hard inhalations through the mouth. So I conceived this plan and have used it ever since. I made a simple head stall like a common halter, except there is no throat latch, and the noose band is quite heavy and arranged so it can be drawn very tight around the nose by means of a common hame strap, this is placed just high enough so as not to interfere with the animal’s breathing. I then lubricate the tube and pass it in through the interdental space and down the oesophagus as usual. The animal breathes much easier and consequently does not resist the operation so strenuously. Besides, the little halter is much more convenient to carry than the heavy speculum. I also think the tube is less liable to enter the trachea than it is with the mouth held open. Scrap No. 3.—There is a simple little operation that has caused me some grief and I know of others who have not been very successful with the same. That is sewing up a split ear. They often either fail to unite, or, if the points are slender they may curl over, making the condition much more unsightly than it was to start with, which is quite embarrassing to say the least. My method may not be new to most of you, but may interest or help some, and as one is seldom called upon to treat one ex- cept on a valuable horse, it is essential to at least not make things worse. | I scarify the edges well, then, instead of sewing through the skin and cartilage, as I was taught to do, I put in a row of in- terrupted sutures, through the skin only, first on one side of the ear, then repeat the operation on the other side. This causes less irritation, better apposition and does not wound the cartilage, y rf é PS REPORTS OF CASES. 583 _ consequently less danger of the slender ear points curling over, _and I believe the parts are more likely to grow firmly together. Scrap No. 4.—As horses are only supposed to have one set _ of permanent molars I thought this case somewhat unusual and a report of it interesting. i Two years ago a two-year-old colt was brought to me with _ the first permanent molar on either side badly decayed. It was necessary to trephine on both sides and repulse the teeth, which _ I did, and got a nice recovery. The colt changed hands and a few weeks ago was brought _ to me to have its teeth examined. You can imagine my surprise to find two quite natural healthy appearing teeth just well through the gums in the places of those I had punched out. Scrap No. 5.—On September 29, 1908, I was called to the neighboring town of Jolly to see a bay mare 8 years old, weigh- ing about 1,150 pounds, belonging to a Jewish junk dealer. The mare had been sick since the Saturday before, this being Tuesday. Found the patient lying down, apparently resting; there had been no rolling at any time; temperature 102, respirations nearly normal, pulse about 70 and not very strong. History was that mare had been in this same condition since the beginning. She would stand up, sometimes for an hour or so at a time, eating hay; she also ate some grain at feeding time. When pain came on would draw up, tramp around a little and lie down and remain quiet for perhaps an hour. The bowels had been moving nearly normal all the time and the stools were about normal, except a trifle hard. The owner had not seen her urinate, and, of course, was sure it was her water. My diagnosis was some sort of an impaction of the bowels, although it was a little hard to account for so nearly normal bowel movement. I gave the Reeks treatment and left Amon. Carb. and Nux Vomica, to be given every two hours, with instructions that if there was no improvement next morning to call me up. I heard nothing more till Friday, when they called for me to come. | I found the mare in the same condition, except a trifle more exhausted. This time I made a rectal examination and found an impacted bowel. The exact shape was hard to determine; it was so large I could not reach the end of it. This, together with the fact that the bowels were and had been moving regularly for nearly a week convinced me that it was the caecum that carried the load. 584 REPORTS OF CASES, I gave a very high rectal injection, inserted 8 feet of my stomach tube and used eleven buckets of water. Gave 114 grains of Eserine Sulph. hypodermatically with Amm. Carb. and Nux Vom. In one hour gave .o1 Lini, Spts. Amm. Arom. and Tur- pentine and left Amm. Carb. and'Nux to be given every two hours. When I called for a receptacle of some kind to put the Amm. into to leave with him the owner said he still had all the medicine I left the first trip. I very promptly gave him a very emphatic piece of my mind for not giving my medicine and then blaming me for not curing his horse. The symptoms continued the same all day except for an hour or so after giving the Eserine she was in more pain. But the next morning .the old man said there was a whole wheel-barrow load of manure behind the mare; complete recovery followed. I am fully convinced this was a case of impaction of the cae- cum. If any of you remember the report of two cases of this kind that I made last year you may recall that the symptoms were very similar to the one up to the point where the caecum 1 ruptured in the two fatal cases. : EIGHT CASES OF PUSTULAR ECZEMA. By L. H. Kraus, D. V. S., New York, N. Y. Eight horses in one stable were more or less affected, two of them very badly and almost bald—all more or less bruised from biting themselves. Applied once daily for three days very, liberally a I to 500 Chinosol solution. After first application there was a perceptible decrease of the itching. After the second application, there was very little biting and after the third application, almost entirely free from itching. After a week’s use of Chinosol solution, each horse was comfortable and the biting in the meantime ceased en- tirely. At my last visit, the skin was restored to its normal con- dition. The hair is growing nicely. The worst of the cases, to which I paid particular attention, after two weeks showed no more signs—the hair having been fully restored. The bitten places healed beautifully. It is interesting to note that no flies or other insects will mo- lest that.part of the horse or dog where Chinosol solution is ap- _ plied, and the solution can do no harm to the animal because it is not a poisonous substance. ill ABSTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. ENGLISH REVIEW. By Prof. A. LIAUTARD, M.D., V.M. THROMBOSIS OF THE POSTERIOR AORTA AND INTERNAL ILIAC ARTERIES [J. Craig, N. A. M. R. C. V. S.|.—The subject was a stout bay mare in good condition and about 19 years old. She had never been worked hard and had never had a day of sickness. Since two and a half months she has exhibited symptoms which left no possible doubt as to the diagnosis and she was destroyed. At the post mortem, made immediately, the subserous fat was found in some places to be 2 and 3 inches thick. On examining the condition of the posterior aorta a thrombus was found in the last three inches of the vessel, extending backwards for a dis- tance of six inches into both internal iliac arteries and their sub- divisions. Attached to the superior aspect of the vessel, this thrombus was widest at the origin of the two external iliacs and a small projection passed into the lumen of both vessels. The thrombus was smooth on its free surface, slightly cross-striated, firm and of a yellowish brown color. Partial in the aorta, in the internal iliac, the iliaco-femoral, the obturator, lateral sacral and the gluteal, it occupied nearly the whole of the lumen of the vessels. The heart was hypertrophied, weighing over 10 pounds. Two or three small white areas were met within the walls of the left ventricle. The inside was normal. On the aortic semi-lunar valve there were two little hard calcareous nodules, and also on the left coronary. In the posterior aorta were also some small nodules in the course of the vessel. No lesions in the anterior mesentery. No sclerotomata nor worm in the intestines. A phlebolith about 4 inches long existed in the direct colic vein over the first portion of the double colon. It was irregularly cylin- drical, very firm, even calcareous and partly colored in yellow and black. It was easily movable in the vessel.—(Veter. News.) _ IncuiInAL HERNIA oF GRAvip UTERUS IN a BitcH [Prof. Geo. H. Wooddridge, F. R. C. V. S.|.—Toy Yorkshire terrier bitch is pregnant 97 days. She has in the left groin a swelling 585 586 ABSTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. which had gradually grown larger. It is quite big and painful. It is a herniated gravid uterus containing a single foetus. Hys- . terectomy through the hernial sac is to be performed. Anesthe- sia is obtained with injection of morphia and completed with a few whiffs of chloroform. The operation was rapidly pro- ceeded with, the uterus brought in the hernial sac, ligatures ap- plied and the body being cut through with a scalpel. Both ovaries were removed. The puppy was dead. Sutures were in- serted in the hernial ring and the sac cut off. Finally the skin was sutured, the wound well dried with ether and sealed with flexible colodion. After four days a collection of pus had formed which was emptied and dressed with carbolic solution. Chinosol dressings afterwards brought the case to successful issue. The author has already recorded a similar case in which he had ob- tained also a very rapid recovery.—(Veter. Journ.) AN INTERESTING CASE OF HARE-LIP AND CLEFT PALATE Not Due To IN-preEpINnG [| Prof. F. Holday, F. R. C. V. S.). —These conditions are very often met with in the same patient or may be met with separately. In and in-breeding is generally re- sponsible for the deformity. The author does not believe it to be the cause. In this case “the dam was a toy Yorkshire terrier and the sire a very small Aberdeen; the result of the mating being three tiny puppies, two of which had a well-marked hare-lip and cleft palate, so much so that they could not suck at all and had to be destroyed.’ —(Ibidem. ) Use oF IODINE ON THE SKIN AS AN ANTISEPTIC IN SURGICAL Work [Guy Sutton, M. R. C. V. S.|.—In horses and in dogs the author has resorted to it. In twenty cases of paracenthesis of the thorax, after coating the walls of the chest with tincture of iodine and with the canula and trocar boiled, clipping of the hairs and washing the parts with soap immediately prior to the puncture, in no case has suppuration taken place. Similar results with similar attention in cases of puncture of the ccecum. In over twenty neurectomies, median, ulnar and plantar, healing by primary union has always followed. In two castrations where the scrotum had been coated over with tincture of iodine previotts to the incision, the animals were able to work after two days and suppuration was reduced to the minimum. Large and small dogs were castrated, small superficial tumors were removed, iodine always doing its part good. It does it even in the castra- tion of cats. In suturing eyelids, nostrils, or any small wounds in horses, iodine has not irritated and with it suppuration has ’ ABSTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 5ST been infrequent. The author is a strong advocate of iodine to obtain asepsis as it is easy to apply, is inexpensive and highly efficient —(Jbidem. ) SARCOMA OF THE Tarsus OF A DoG WITH SECONDARY IN- FECTION [J. A. Gilruth,M. R.C.V.S., F. R. S. E., and C. J. Reakes, M. R. C. V. S.|.—St. Bernard dog had a swelling on the right tarsal joint, apparently implicating the tibia above. No his- tory of previous injury, but this is suspected on account of the excessive lameness of the dog. He died. Post mortem showed extensive emphysematous condition of the lungs, heart enlarged, liver congested and the seat of nodules, homogeneous and cir- cumscribed; one is as big as a marble and another the size of a split pea. The kidneys are congested and the seat of punctiform hemorrhagic spots. The bladder was full. Involving the whole right tarsus there was a mass of apparently new growth, fairly dense in consistency, with calcareous points here and there. The lower end of the tibia was involved in the diseased process. Sec- tions of the growth placed under the microscope proved it to be round-celled sarcoma.—(J/b. and Annual Report.) NATURALLY DIGESTED Foop FoR YOUNG Puppies [V. de V. H. Woodley, L. C. V. D.|.—A quite interesting observation. After whelping her pups for about six weeks, and as they worried her constantly, the mother was taken away from them one night. After being fed she was returned to them in the morning, and after being with them some fifteen minutes she vomited her morning’s feed in a semi-digested state. The pups ate it. She at times did the same thing in the evening. At first, thinking the vomiting was because she had swallowed something that did not agree with her, attempts were made to prevent this peculiar meal. She seemed so glad in attracting the pups round her and having such voluntary bringing up of the ingesta that the thing was allowed to go on, and the pups appeared to get accustomed to it, to expect it, and played about her mouth until she fed them. Taken away for a week from home, the bitch stopped vomiting; but when she returned she continued the thing awhile. The author has been informed of another similar occurrence by a large dog breeder.—( Veter. Record.) UNTOWARD RESULT OF A HyPpopERMIC INJECTION OF STRYCHNINE [Duncan Mac Leod, M. R. C. V. S.|.—An addition to similar cases already recorded. Bay saddle gelding was being treated for impaction. Good dose of chloral followed by seven drachms ball of aloetic mass. The next morning the pulse is On DM 9 4) ABSTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. weak and irregular. There is complete absence of borborygms and paralysis of the bowels, which are stimulated by strychnine. A solution containing one grain is given subcutaneously. Five minutes later the animal is very restless; he has profuse saliva- tion, and while a sedative drench is being prepared the horse breaks loose from the men that hold him, gets out into a yard, runs round several times, has violent muscular spasms and dies in a short period. Diaphragmatic hernia was found at the post mortem. Was the strychnine the essential cause of death is asked by the writer ?—(Jbidem. ) BLACKLEGINE [W. T. Huwetson, M. R. C. V. S.|.—An answer to the pro and con opinions relating to its use. A client, says the author, wired me to attend his stock and requested me to bring setons. Surmising that there was trouble with blackleg quarter, I took some blacklegine with me. Four stirks had already died with the disease. I explained to my client that black- legine was better than setons, telling him of my large experience in using it. The owner replied that he had read in newspaper clippings where some veterinary editors had published and where setons were advocated in preference to anything against black quarter. However, as I was favoring blacklegine, he allowed me to vaccinate thirty-seven gray cattle under the skin about half way up the tail. Four days later, summoned again, one of the vaccinated was found, having developed black quarter. Among the symptoms he showed considerable crepitation over an area behind the posterior edge of the scapula and extending down inside the elbow joint. Contrary to the desire of the owner, who wanted the animal killed, he was put under tonic treatment. The stirk did not die, but all the skin covering the area of crepitation had or was sloughing away, leaving a large wound, which was treated with Chinosol. The beast made a splendid recovery and the owner became satisfied that had it not been for the vaccina- tion he would have died. Now for my client blacklegine is far superior to setons.—(Veter. Record.) FRENCH REVIEW. By Prof. A. LiaurarD, M.D., V.M. Bucco-SINUSAL FIsTULA IN A Horse [ Prof. P. Leblanc].— An animal, recently bought, had on the left side of the face, a i ae ABSTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 589 upon the region of the inferior maxillary sinus, a fistulous open- ing, from which a feetid discharge escapes, mixed with food. A probe introduced penetrates into the sinus and, after some difficulty, enters the mouth through an opening situated between the external face of the dental arch on a level with the second and third molars and the internal face of the cheek. The animal was cast and trephined. That operation had evidently been per- formed before, as there are cicatrix showing it. The sinus was opened. freely, its contents carefully removed and the walls of the fistulous tract well curetted. The wound and sinus were filled with gauze and wadding, and it was hoped that by this way the opening of the buccal cavity would close. The animal did well as far as the wound of the trephining went, but the communica- tion between the mouth and the sinus did not seem to close. tt is then that the author packed the: bottom of the sinus with gutta percha, softened by dipping in warm water, and spread it over the bottom of the gingival groove so as to make it adhere to the borders of the opening. This did very well as the opening of the mouth gradually closed, and after one month the plug of gutta percha was still in the sinus, where it remained in place.—(Journ. de Zootech.) : FaTAL VARICOSE ULCERATION IN A Doc [ Prof. G. Pettit and R. Germain].—Little is known of this disease of veins in ani- mals. They are rather rare and a fortiori are varicous ulcerations. The history of this dog is short. Aged eight years, he had on the external face and near the superior part of the metatarsal a small tumor which is ulcerated. From this ulceration abundant hemorrhages have occurred frequently, and he died without treat- ment. At the post-mortem examination all the organs were found healthy and the histological study of the tumor revealed its true nature, an ulcerated varicose tumor.—(Bullet. de la Soc. Cent.) OssIFYING PACHYMENINGITIS OF THE TENTORIUM CEREBEL- LI IN A YouNG Doe [Mr. Lecarpentier, student|.—The dog was nine months old and presented the following symptoms: Carry- ing the head to one side at a point on a level with the axoido- atloid joint.. The great and small oblique muscles of the head are atrophied, the posterior straight of the right side are hard and much contracted. The muscles of the left side are soft. The head is inclined, with the right ear lower than the left. The dog hesitates to walk; made to do it, he staggers and then moves in a circle, 'to the right or to the left. Sometimes he executes a sideway motion and then drops suddenly on his right side. The 590 ABSTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES, cerebral functions do not seem diminished. Temperature and respiration are normal. The appetite is fair. After a few days paralysis sets in. Taken out of his kennel, he turns on himself round his longitudinal axis to the right. Soon trismus takes place. Death occurred after 12 days of sickness. The lesions were entirely localized on the meninges of the cerebellum. The cerebro-cerebellous crests are continued by a bony production due to the ossification of the tentorium cerebelli and form a complete bony ring through which the encephalic isthmus passes. This bony septum is moulded on the anterior face of the cerebellum and is thick and round on its inferior border. The choroid plex- uses were congested and the right inferior maxillary nerve was also pressed upon by the cerebro-cerebellous crests of the same side.— (Journ. de Zootech.) COMMINUTED FRACTURE OF THE GREAT SESAMOIDS AND OF THE POSTERO-SUPERIOR EXTREMITY OF THE First PASTERN WitH LuxaTion BACKWARDS OF THE RicHT Fetiock [WMr. Pecus, army veterin.|.—Ten-year-old mare, galloping, suddenly stops. She has dislocation of the right fore fetlock backwards. The principal metacarpal bone has pressed heavily on the sesa- moid articular surfaces of the first phalanx, broke it and crushed the two large sesamoids in a great many pieces. The tendons of the perforatus and perforans are also extensively lacerated. The animal had been neurotomized some two and a half months before the accident.— (Bullet. de la Soc. Cent.) HEMORRHAGIC LESIONS OF THE LIVER IN A Doc, SIMU- LATING ANGIOMAS [Mr. Agliany, army veterin.|.—A St. Ger- main pointer, aged five, although having good appetite, is losing flesh and has a dull appearance and is weak. He carries marks of blisters on both sides of his chest and both hypochondriac regions are protruding outwards. His visible mucous membranes are pale, his pulse and respiration a little more frequent than normal. Percussion on both sides of the chest reveals dullness over the entire height of the thorax, in the posterior region and forward as far as the seventh or eighth rib. By auscultation the respiratory murmur is heard only in the anterior part of the thorax and not in the posterior, but in that part clear, loud bor- borygms are detected. Tuberculin test is negative. Submitted to a diet of milk, the dog seems to rally somewhat, but as soon as this mode of feeding is stopped relapse is manifest. Soon the symptoms become more marked and serious. The abdomen has become hard, somewhat painful; the hypochondriac regions are ABSTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 591 more and more prominent, principally that of the right side, which is now deformed and has the aspect of a large hard mass. It is the liver hypertrophied. The animal always lays on the left side. After the series of the classical manifestations of hepatitis the dog dies. At the autopsy the liver is found enormous, push- ing forward the diaphragm and reducing the size of the thoracic cavity. It weighed three kilogs four hundred and thirty grammes. It is bosselated by tumors uniformly situated on its surface and in its thickness. These are either of light red or of dark color, soft almost to fluctuation and varying in size from that of a hazel nut to that of the fist. In the left iobe there is one which is very large, and in the middle lobe there are two, quite large, and one of which has burst. The hepatic glands are infiltrated and con- gested. The gall bladder was full. The spleen had also 7 or 8 small tumors similar to those of the liver. The left lung was the seat of congestion by hypostasis. Heart normal. At first the tumors were considered as angiomas but the histological examination showed them to be simple hemorrhagic spots in the liver.—(Rev. Gene. de Med. Vet.) StTupDy ON Heart DISEASES OF THE Horse: THREE SUDDEN Deatus [Mr. Morisot, army veterin.].—Diseases of the heart are of physical and sometimes of moral order. The first of the three observations shows that in horses, as in man, normal causes have sometimes strong repercussion on the heart. 1. OBsERV.—Mare ridden at a horse show. After going a certain distance she stops suddenly and refuses altogether to jump an obstacle. The rider insists and fights with her for about three minutes and finally gives it up and takes her to her box. When there the rider loses his temper and punishes the mare severely. Suddenly frightened, the mare is taken with violent trembling of the whole body, arrest of the heart brings on syn- cope with passive congestion of the lungs; the mare drops down and dies in three minutes. Post MortEeM: Great passive con- gestion of both lungs. Pericardium is the seat of old lesions with marked myocarditis. 2. Osserv.—Sudden death of a 7-year-old horse after a eo lop. Post Mortem: Heart much hypertrophied with increased size of its cavities. It weighed 6 kilogs. 30 grammes. Lesions of endocarditis. Tricuspid and mitral have fibrous vegetations and do not close completely the auriculo-ventricular openings. 3. OBsERV.—Seventeen-year-old horse found dead in his stall. Endocardium diseased. Mitral and sigmoid valves swollen and 592 ABSTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. covered with-granulations. These were more marked in the right ventricle.— (bid. and R. G. de Med. Vete.) INTOXICATION By CoLcHicuM [Mr. A. Pirlot|.—A cow is taken sick while at pasture. She lays in sterno-abdominal de- cubitus with her head bent towards the shoulder. The pulse is quick, respiration rather accelerated, temperature normal. Ru- mination has stopped. There is slight tympanitis. The hind quarters do not react when pricked with pins. The animal is un- willing to rise. Rectal exploration reveals a distended rumen and the presence of a foetus, the cow was pregnant and in her fourth month. On inquiry it is found that the animal has taken her last meal in a field where colchicum grows freely. To this the ailment is attributed. TREATMENT.—IO centigrammes of aqueous solution of nitrate of pilocarpine are given subcutaneously. Result, abundant sali- vation and ejection of blackish diarrhceic foeces. Strongly alco- holized coffee is prescribed next and mucilaginous enemas. Im- provement was manifested the next day, and in ten more the animal was in her usual health. Five months later she gave birth to a very small calf and her placenta had to be taken away from her. In two previous years she had calves of very good size and the placentas came off rapidly. Can the condition of the last calving be attributed to the intoxication by the colchicum ?— (Revue veterin.) HUNGARIAN EXTRACTS. By Prof. A. LIAUTARD, M.D., V.M. PRESSURE UPON THE RECTUM BY THE HORNS OF THE Uterus [ Doct. Marek.|.—A mare had slight colic and complete arrest of defecation. Rectal examination revealed that the terminal end of the rectum was empty and at the entrance of the pelvis, the hand feels a strong resistance and finds the cavity of the rectum so reduced that only one finger can be pushed into it. Beyond this the intestine is felt much distended with foeces. The ABSTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. ° 593 portion of the rectum thus closed corresponds to the part where it is situated between the uterine horns and it is them that squeezes the rectum between the uterus and the pelvic curvature of the large colon which is dilated with gas. Digital exploration shows that the strangulated part is covered with clots of blood. A few fceces were expelled after irrigations, and in repeating them at last the contracted part could be entered with the fingers and the dilated portion of the organ being pulled backwards was readily allowed to empty itself. Complete recovery took place’ gradually.—(Allatov. Lap. and R. G. de M. Veter.) INTERESTING CASE OF GLANDERS OF THE MAMMAE | By the same. |.—In a mare presenting typical symptoms of glanders there were on the skin of the extremities and on the sides of the trunk either painful nodules or glanderous ulcerations, some of which are as large as a dollar piece. Round these the lymphatic vessels form cords as thick as two fingers. The left half of the udder appears swollen and has an ulceration about the size of a fifty- cent piece, from which escapes freely yellowish pus mixed with blood. The supra-mammary glands are swollen and painful. The colt of the mare, two months old, had nasal glanders. The post mortem shows lesions of nasal glanders in both animals and besides of pulmonary in the mother. In the diseased mammae | there was on the right side a cavity filled with pus and milk. The supra mammary glands contained no glanderous elements. The author believes that the colt had nasal glanders, inoculated through the diseased udder.—(Ibidem.) ACTINOMYCOSIS OF THE LivER WitTH TRAUMATIC ORIGIN [By the same.|.—After being slaughtered, a steer in good condi- tion exhibited an enormous liver, weighing 72 kilogs. It was adherent to the rumen and had numerous deposits varying in size from that of a walnut to that of a child’s head. At the point of adherence of the liver with the rumen there was a tumor as big as the fist, with a track in its centre. A piece of wire was imbedded in this canal. A probe pushed in the canal penetrated in the‘liver. The small nodules of the liver were hard, gray, white when cut through, and have little soft clusters. The largest contain thick pus. The little soft centres contain actinomycotes, but these were absent in the large nodules. There was no,actino- mycotic lesions anywhere else and the case was considered as one of primitive disease of the liver, the parasites having found ad- mission through the presence of the piece of wire.—(J/bidem. ) 594 * ABSTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. GERMAN REVIEW. By J. P. O'Leary, V. M. D,, Bureau of Animal Industry, Buffalo, N. Y. KERATITIS ENzZOOTICA IN CATTLE | Fumagalli].—Fumagalli saw cattle affected with a keratitis which was transmitted to other cattle and even to sheep and dogs by means of the ocular secre- ‘tions. In the latter animals the disease was of a mild type and readily curable. In the human subject the malady produced a painful conjunctivitis which was also amenable to treatment in a short space of time. Cows suffered severely, while oxen and bulls were attacked but very slightly, so that they seemed almost immune. The author had not observed the disease in caives, although they stood in the same stables with the infected cows. The first symptoms were those of pruritis and photophobia and almost constant rubbing; the eyelids closing: gradually, the con- junctiva becoming hyperemic and its blood vessels intensely injected. After the lapse of from 12 to 48 hours a severe lachry- mation set in and the eyelids were continuously held closed, while the pain subsided somewhat. The cornea was blueish white and opaque. As a rule recovery ensued in from 7 to 15 days. In rare cases the author saw spots’remaining on the cornea or ulcera- tions, and even in a few instances resulting in blindness. Treat- ment included solutions of sulphate of zinc, with an addition of tincture of opium. The spots upon the cornea were treated with calomel or powdered sugar. As a prophylactic measure Fuma- galli recommends the immediate separation of the healthy from the infected animals, as also an energetic disinfection and destruc- tion of the flies, as the latter are the carriers of the infection to other animals.— (Deutsche Tier, Wochenschift, No. 13, 1909.) Fisrotysin |[Vet. Train, Baruth in M.|—Fibrolysin is an aqueous solution of a double salt composed of one molecule of _thiosinnamin and half a molecule of sodium salicylicum. This preparation is put up for the trade by Merck in Darm- stadt in sterilized solution (11.5 ccm==I gramme of thiosin- namin). The three cases cited by the author established proof for the utility of the remedy. It brings about a regressive change in. the well-known chronic connective tissue growths. The first case was that of a phlegmon of the thigh, accompanied with cutaneous sclerosis. This con- dition resisted a four-weeks’ treatment with various salves. After ABSTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 595 a second injection (subcutaneous) of 11.5 ccm. of the remedy in an interval of four days, almost complete recovery ensued. The second case was that of an ox, as a result of extreme hard work a non-inflammatory, painless, hard, flat swelling about the size of a soup plate formed on the [eft shoulder. Similarly, after two subcutaneous injections (the last one made in the centre of the neoformation), it almost completely disappeared. As a re- sult of an injury to the hock joint and fetlock joint of a horse a cutaneous sclerosis formed which likewise disappeared after two subcutaneous injections of the remedy. On the basis of these results the author believes that he can recommend the use of fibrolysin in all cases —(B. T. W., 1909, No. 14.) FIBROLYSIN IN THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC TENDONITIS AND TENDOVAGINITIS IN Two Horses [Vet. W. Gottschalk, Schessel, Han.|.—Gottschalk used fibrolysin (that prepared by Merck of Darmstadt) in treating a 14-year-old horse which was no longer serviceable on account of a chronic tendinitis and ten- dovaginitis with the result that the animal, after 6 injections (subcue.) in the affected limb, at the end of 14 days, was again put to work. The second case was that of a 9-year-old horse which had received 3 subcutaneous injections in the diseased leg and on account of the extreme irritability received 3 more subcu- taneous injections in the neck. After 20 days this horse also be- came serviceable. Gottschalk recommends that the animals so treated be allowed to rest one day in the stall after injection.— (Deutsche Tier Wochen, No. 35, 1908.) FILARIA FLExuosSA IN DeEER.—During the months from January to March a large number of deer died from an extremely chronic disease in the heaths of Rominter. The animals became very much emaciated, presented symptoms of weakness in the sacral region, with staggering gait, finally lying down and dying shortly afterward. At the autopsy the following conditions were observed: Emaciation, lungs normal, isolated distomum in the liver. In the kidneys the larva of the oestrus were visible. In the subcutaneous connective tissues, particularly along the dorsal region, a large number, about 100, nodules, varying in size from a pea to a bean, were found and containing numbers of filaria flexuosa 3-5 c. m. long and 34 mm. thick. The dura mater cere- bralis appeared normal, the pia mater. very vascular, as also the pia spinalis. The caude equina contained numerous hemorrhages, atrophy of the gray matter of the cord, particularly in the lumbar region. The white substance was stained yellowish and softened. 596 ABSTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. Whether the filaria were the cause of death has not been as yet established.— (Veroff aus d preuss, Jahr, Vet. Berichten, 1905, II. An ABNORMAL PERIOD OF GESTATION IN CATTLE [Chapel- lier.|,—Chapellier performed three obstetrical operations on cows which were of ‘an extraordinary nature as regards the abnormal period of gestation. All three animals were served by the bull at only one particular time, so that there could be no question as to the date of conception. The period of gestation in each of the three cows was 316, 311 and 309 days, respectively.— (Deutsche Tier Wochen, No. 9, 1909.) COLLARGOL AN IDEAL DUSTING POWDER FOR WounDs [| Vet. J. Ruegg, Andelfingen.|.—The author applies as a dusting powder on wounds the preparation Collargol (Credé, Dresden) in combination with sugar of milk in the following proportions: Collargol 3 parts, finely powdered sugar of milk 97 parts. This mixture is much cheaper than iodoform. It remains dry and re- tains its finely powdered condition throughout. According to Ruegeg’s observations its action is equally effective upon old in- fected wounds as on more recent ones.—(Schweizer Archiv fiir Tierheilk, Bd. 50, S. 29.) SCARLET FEVER 1n MiLtx.—Forty-three cases of scarlet fe- ver, attributable to impure milk, have been quarantined in West- minster, England. The milk was part of a quantity collected by a West of England wholesale firm from thirty-one farms and distributed to retailers in London. When the source of infection was discovered, the whole of _the milk supply from the farm was prohibited by the medical officer from being sold until a clean bill of health could be given. —New York World, Sunday, July 25, 1900. ONE of the largest importations of hackney horses ever brought over from England has just been made by Rosuliet O’Neill, of Vancouver, B. C. The collection embraces nineteen mares and the stallions Forest Fire, by Forest Star, son of For- est King, and Brilliant of Cangue, by Lincoln Baronet, son of Garton Duke of Connaught. The Canadian Northwest is at present outstripping every other section of North America in its importations of hackney horses. There, as in the East, the English harness horses have been winning the lion’s share of the prizes in the show ring, which has given them the call among breeders and buyers—New York Herald, Sunday, July 25, TOOO. ee Ee a ean ee or CORRESPONDENCE. PROGRAM TO DATE: A. V. M. A. HARTFORD, CoNN., July 17, 1909. Editors AMERICAN VETERINARY REviEw, New York City, N. Y. GENTLEMEN—RKeplying to your request of recent date, I am enclosing the following for the Review: In the June issue of your journal I promised to supply the readers of the REviEW with a preliminary outline of arrange- ments for the Chicago meeting. As there will be no further opportunity for the fulfillment of such a pledge, I trust that you _ will find it convenient to spread the following on the pages of the August number. The local Committee on Arrangements have selected the Pal- _ mer House, corner of State and Monroe streets, for headquarters. _ This hotel, in the very midst of the shopping and business dis- _ tricts is so situated that all parts of the city and the railroad sta- ' tions are accessible with comparative ease. The rates offered by the Palmer House are: Single rooms, without bath, one person, $1.50-$2.00 per day and up; two persons, $2.00 and $3.00 per _ day and up; with bath, one person, $2.50, $3.00, $3.50 and $4.00 per day; two persons, room with bath, $3.50, $4.00, $4.50 and $5.00 per day; three persons in a room, $1.00 a day extra. This hotel is European plan. : Other hotels within a few minutes’ walk of the meeting place are: The Kaiserhof Hotel, 262-274 Clark street, $1.00 per day and up; with bath, $2.00 per day and up. __ The Great Northern Hotel, corner Jackson boulevard and _ Dearborn street, one person, $1.50 per day and up, without bath; _ two persons, $2.50 per day and up; room with bath, one person, _ $2.50 per day and up; two persons, $4.00 per day and up. They offer some very large rooms accommodating four persons at $8.00 per day, without bath. The Stratford Hotel, corner Jackson and Michigan boule- _vards, rooms with shower bath, $2.50 per day and up; two in room with shower bath, $3.50; single rooms with tub bath, $3.50 per day and up; two in room $4.00 per day and up. 597 598 ’ CORRESPONDENCE. The Auditorium Hotel, corner Michigan boulevard and Con- gress street. One person, without bath, $2.50 per day and up; one person with bath, $3.50 per day and up. PLACE OF MEETINGS. The convention will open Tuesday, September 7, at 10 a. m., at the auditorium of the Chicago Musical College, located on the _ lake front, 246 Michigan boulevard. ‘This is within a few min- utes’ walk of the Palmer House and other hotels in the down town district. The regular sessions will be: Tuesday, September 7—10 to I2 a.m., 2to 5 p.m. ~ Wednesday, September 8—1I0 to 12 a. m., 2 to 5 and 8 to Io p. m. Thursday, September g—10 to 12 a. m., 2 p. m. to adjourn- ment. Friday, September Io—9 to I2a.m.,2to4 p.m. Clinic. PRELIMINARY MEETINGS. Monday, September 6, 11 a. m.—Executive Committee, Par- lor ‘O,” Palmer House. “Monday, September 6, noon—Local Committee on Arrange- ments, Palmer House. Monday, September 6, 4 p. m. —Association of College Facul- ties and Examining Boards, South Dining Room, Palmer House. Monday, September 6, 8 p. m.—Meetings of regular and spe- cial committees, Palmer House. Tuesday, September 7, 8 a. m. —Executive Committee, Parlor = O, *” Palmer House. EXERCISES OF THE CONVENTION. 10 a. m.—Convention opened by President Rutherford at Chicago Musical College. : Address of welcome, Hon. Fred A. Busse, Mayor of Chicago. Response to address of welcome, (a member of the associa- tion ana @ by President Rutherford. Recognition and welcome to delegates from other veterinary organizations. Roll call. CORRESPONDENCE. 599 Submission of the minutes of the previous meeting as pre- sented in the annual report published by the Publication Committee and in the records kept by Secretary Lyman. Unfinished business. 12 noon—Adjournment for luncheon. _ 2 p. m.—Association reassembles. Report of the Executive Committee. Admission of new members. L Reports of regular committees. | Committee on Intelligence and Education. Committee on Diseases. The committee will submit a short general report | and special reports from the individual members as ; follows: ; (a) “ Diagnosis of Rabies, Its Spread and Meth- ; . ods of Control in New York State,” V. A. Moore, Chairman, Ithaca, N. Y. (b) “ The Nature, Cause and Prevalence of Ra- bies,” J. R. Mohler, Washington, DD &. | (c) “ Rabies in Canada,” Charles H. Higgins, Ottawa, Canada. , (d) “ Equine Pernicious Anzmia,” A. T. Kinsley, Kansas City, Mo. (e) “Infectious Diseases from the Meat Inspec- tors’ Point of View,” L. Enos Day, Chicago, Ill. Committee on Legislation. Committee on Finance. Committee on Publication. Committee on Local Arrangements. Committee on Necrology. Committee on Resolutions. Reports of Special Committees. Committee on Association Seal. Committee on Revision of Article VI, pista 2, of the By-Laws. Committee on Visitation to Laval University, becnary Department. . Report of Secretary Lyman. Report of Treasurer White. _ Reports of Resident Secretaries. Discussion of Reports. Election of Officers. 5 p. m.—Adjournment. 600 CORRESPONDENCE. x p. m.—Reception in the parlors of the Palmer House, to which all members, visiting veterinarians, delegates and ladies and friends are cordially invited. Wednesday, September 8, Second Day. 8 a. m.—Executive Committee meeting. 10 a. m.—Association reassembles. Reports of committees. Unfinished business. Reading and discussion of papers. 12 noon—Adjournment. 2 p. m.—Association reassembles. Reading and discussion of papers continued. 5 p. m.—Adjournment. & p. m.—Joint Session of the American Veterinary Medical Asso- ciation and the Chicago Medical Society, Chicago Musical College. Discussion of problems in relation to milk and milk hygiene. “ Milk in Relation to the Live Stock Interests,’ M. H. Reynolds, St. Paul, Minn. “ Milk in Relation to Health,’ W. A. Evans, M.D., Commissioner of Health, Chicago. “The Relation of the Agriculturists and Dairymen to the Manufacture of Hygienic Milk,’ N. Kaumanns, Im- perial German Commissioner for Agriculture to the United States, Chicago. IO & m.—Adjournment. Thursday, September 9, Third Day. 8 a. m.—Meeting of the Executive Committee. 10 a. m.—Association reassembles. Reports of committees. Unfinished business. Reading and discussion of papers continued. Noon—Adjournment to reassemble aboard the steamboat United States. 2 p. m.—dAssociation reassembles. Steamboat United States program continued. Friday, September 10, Fourth Day. 9 a. m.—Clinic at the Chicago Veterinary College, 2533-2539 State ‘street. CRU 2k TO Pa yy ra CORRESPONDENCE. 601 Noon—Luncheon will be served at the college. 1.30 p. m.—Clinic continued. Exhibit of Pathological Specimens by the Bureau of Anioat Industry. At the Clinic there will be demonstrated a number of surgical operations and cases for clinical diagnosis by well-known veterinarians. SoctiaL FEATURES OF CONVENTION WEEK. The local committee furnish the following preliminary outline of entertainment for members, their families, visitors and friends: Tuesday, September 7 Io a. m.—Visitors and friends are invited to attend the opening exercises of the convention at the Chicago Musical College. I p. m.—Ladies will be served with luncheon at the Art Institute. 8 p. m. —Reception in the parlors of the Palmer House. To this all members, visiting veterinarians, delegates, their ladies and friends are cordially invited. Wednesday, September 8. Ladies will assemble at the Palmer House to participate in an au- tomobile ride through the city parks and _ boulevards. Luncheon will be served to the ladies at the Chicago Veterin- ary College, after which they will be conducted on a trip through the shopping districts. Thursday, September 9. 10 a. m.—Ladies will be entertained by the local committee. 1.30 p. m.—Members, visiting veterinarians, delegates, their fam- ilies and friends will go aboard the beautiful new steamship United States, boarding at Clark Street Bridge, for a sail oc- - cupying the balance of the afternoon on Lake Michigan. The saloon of the boat is capable of seating comfortably five hun- dred persons, and it is proposed to continue, if necessary, the regular program of the meeting. 8 p. m.—Annual banquet to be held.in the Gold Room, Congress Hotel, Michigan boulevard and Congress street. All invited and a great time promised. ' G02 : CORRESPONDENCE. Friday, September 10. The ladies will be conducted to a sight-seeing trip through the Field Columbian Museum. Among the papers that will be presented at the meeting we have the following: ‘“ Exuberant Granulations in the Horse,” B. F. Kaupp, Colo- rado State College, Fort Collins, Colo. “The Score Card in Dairy Regulations,’ George H. Glover, Colorado State College, Fort Collins, Colo. ‘“‘ Alkalometry, Its Relation to Veterinary Medicine,” H. F. Palmer, Chicago, Ill. “ Autogenic Vaccination as an Adjunct to the Operative Treatment of Quittor, Fistula and Other Suppurative Condi- tions,’ R. A. Archibald, Oakland, California. “ Nervous Influence in Cause and Cure of Disease,” E. A. A. Grange, Ontario Veterinary College, Toronto, Canada. “What the Agriculturist and Veterinarian Means to the Health and Prosperity of the Nation,’ W. G. Hollingsworth, itica. NY, ‘Subcutaneous Abscess of the Foot,” George H. Berns, Brooklyn, N. Y. “Contagious Abortion,” A. T. Peters, Lincoln, Neb. “ katernal Secretions,” F. Torrance, Winnipeg, Man., Can. ~“ Bneumonia and Its Treatment,’’ Mark White, Denver, Colo. “Experience with Bier’s Hyperzemic Treatment,’ H. Jensen, Kansas City Veterinary College, Kansas City, Mo. “Diphtheria of Animals and Man,” C. C. Lyford, Minne- apolis, Minn. . “Trypanosomes and Diseases Caused by Them,’ Maximilian Herzog, M. D., Chicago Veterinary College, Chicago. “ Bovine Tuberculosis Investigations,’ C. M. Haring, W. A. Sayer and D. N. Morgan, Berkeley, Cal. “A Fatal Anemic Disease Among Horses,’ Winfred F. Mack, Veterinarian, University of Nevada, Reno. “ Conservation of Natural. Resources,’ Wm. Herbert Lowe, Paterson, N. J. | Beside the above papers and contributors, it is anticipated that others will be announced in the official program of the meet- ing which will in a short time*be prepared for distribution. RrcHarp P. Lyman, Secretary. CORRESPONDENCE. 603 TRANSPORTATION NOTES. Parties planning to attend the meeting and starting from points within the territory of either the Central Passenger Asso- ciation or of Western Passenger Association, viz., the territory west and north of Chicago to the Mississippi River, from Kan- sas City, St. Louts, Peoria and Burlington, north of the Ohio River and east as far as Pittsburg and Buffalo, are advised that the regular fares or Summer Tourist fares from places within these territories to Chicago afford approximately a fare of two cents per mile or even less in some instances in each direction; this amounts to practically the same schedule of fares (fare and one-third) previously conceded as a reduced rate for the occasion. The Southwestern Excursion Bureau announce that there are on sale daily up to September 30, 1909, and limited to October 31, 1909, Summer Tourist fares equivalent to REDS OR ea a two cent per mile round trip rate. The Trans-Continental Passenger Association offer Nine Month Tourist fares which are in effect daily from the Pacific Coast points; these fares approximate two cénts per mile in each direction (equivalent to fare and one-third round trip), and can be obtained from California and Northern Pacific Coast com- mon points, viz., Bellingham, Seattle, Everett, Spokane and Ta- - coma, Washington, from Portland, Oregon, from New West- = minster, Vancouver and Victoria, British Columbia, direct to Chicago. Should those contemplating attendance apply at sta- tions on the Pacific Coast from which the nine month fare is not in effect, which may be the case at very small, unimportant sta- tions, the local agent at such a place will cheerfully ascertain and advise such parties of the nearest point to this station from which © such fare does apply both going and return, to which place a local daily rate ticket may be purchased. Tickets for the reduced nine month tourist fares are sold only in California, Nevada, Oregon, Washington and west of and including Mission Junc- tion, British Columbia; also from Nelson, Rossland, Sandon, Kaslo and Grand Fork, British Columbia, places known as Koote- nay common points. Other passenger associations have not found it convenient to give reduced schedule rates for the meeting dates, but in this con- nection it should be remembered that reduced fares throughout almost the entire continent places the present passenger traffic rates nearly equal that formerly obtained by the reduced rate of fare and one third. 604 CORRESPONDENCE. Editors AMERICAN VETERINARY Review, New York: GENTLEMEN—Having read a great deal recently by various authors in numerous veterinary magazines as well as in your highly valued Review, of different methods and suggestions whereby the standard of our profession may be raised, I beg space in your valuable pages for publication of a few conclusions which I have finally arrived at after a great deal of deliberate forethought, and which may or may not have the desired in- fluence over certain veterinary colleges. Most authors recommend rigid state board examinations, which no doubt, are quite proper, but to which I take some ex- ception. My opinions are: Ist. I consider those desirous of raising our standard have started at the wrong end, 7. e., instead of enforcing graduates of any college to face a state board examination, it should be regu- lated by a standard government matriculation. 2d. That the board of matriculant examiners should be com- posed of qualified men selected from all states, but having head- quarters, say, at Washington, D. C. 3d. That no veterinary college should be chartered with the privilege of holding its own matriculation. 4th. Intending matriculants should be informed to apply to the official examining board for information regarding qualifica- tion dates, and places where such examination would be held. 5th. In the event of applicants passing such official examina- tion, they should be provided with a certificate entitling them to entrance to any veterinary college in the United States that they may choose, without further examination. My reasons for making these humble suggestions are well founded by experience; not ‘merely personal, but of several others with whom I have come in contact. For instance, some veter- inary colleges state in their curriculum that a matriculation will be necessary, for which a fee of five dollars ($5) will be charged. Needless to say, the fee is always collected, but the examina- tion is more often a farce and consists in simply signing your name on the register and paying your money without any further parley. The reason for thie is quite clear to a great many veter- inarians. If one college turns down a prospective student he would simply take a walk and enter another college where they would ae Ee ee CORRESPONDENCE. 605 receive him with open arms. Thus the first college has lost in the vicinity of three hundred dollars ($300) providing he puts in three years and graduates. As the majority of veterinary students are poorly educated, and as they are attending in such large numbers, and in many instances being kicked through, it is no wonder the laity have such little respect for the average vet. and are becoming ac- quainted with the fact that most veterinary colleges are simply large diploma mills. — It seems a pity that so many qualified veterinarians have secured a charter and are using it as a purely mercenary proposi- tion, and have long ago forgotten the fact that it is “ quality ” that counts and not the despised, unqualified “ quantity.” The very men who should be instrumental in elevation of our standard are seemingly stamping it under their feet and making piles of money by doing so. t is not uncommon to meet graduated veterinarians in various Occupations, such as teamsters, stable bosses, ‘hotel and saloon proprietors who of course are always accosted as “ Doc” by their crude friends. No wonder that a few who have, and are still endeavoring to bring our chosen profession to a level with the M. D., are driven to desperation and are tempted to lower methods of making a livelihood, such as proprietary med- _.-icines, stock foods, etc., and abandon all attempts to raise our noble profession. That some society may be formed with in- telligent, honorable gentlemen as leaders is the dream of every decent veterinarian, and that the object of its existence will be to abolish all such grafting diploma mills to which I have ref- erence. | | Trusting you will favor me with the valuable space I have requested, and begging forgiveness for writing such a long letter on which much more could be said, I have the honor to remain, Sincerely yours, Dr. H. S. Cawsey, (Box 281) Regina, Sask., Can. PROVIDENCE, R. I., July 13, 1909. To the Editors of the AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW: DEAR Strs—Will you kindly publish the following informa- tion in the columns of your very valuable book, the AMERICAN 606 CORRESPONDENCE. VETERINARY REVIEW, to protect the veterinary surgeons who subscribe for this book from an impostor who represents himself as Capt. A. L. Picquet, veterinary surgeon. I enclose his card. CAPT. A’ EL. PICOUBT. x. PRC: Ves. VETERINARY SURGEON Formerly in U. S. Service Graduate from France’s National School of Veterinary Surgery Registered or Licensed in Eleven States. References—U. S. Army, French Cavalry, Egyptian Cavalry He came to the stable where I have my office on Thursday evening, June 17, and told me of-his travels through France and other parts of Europe, Asia and Africa, also all over the United States and particularly the southern states, and giving Galveston, Tex., as his home, and also having a very large practice there. He also represents himself as authority on tuberculosis in the cattle and swine. _ He remained here until June 22, and on that date I was com-. pelled to go away on business and he accompanied me to the train. After I had gone he went directly back to the stable and told the stable foreman he would like my instruments to go over to Pawtucket to do some work. And the foreman, contrary to my instructions, unlocked the room where I kept my instruments and allowed him to take them without an order from me. So, consequently, I am out of $42 worth of instruments and the roll which the instruments were carried in, as that person has not been seen or heard from since. And also on the date of June 22, ‘he went to one of our promi- nent veterinarians, Dr. J. T. Cunningham, of 12 and 14 Garden street, and borrowed some other instruments, of which I shall ‘give a list later, and promised him to return them by twelve o’clock that noon. But those are also gone with mine, as the missing parts of my set were borrowed at Dr. Cunningham’s to fill out his load of stolen goods, which were all as good as new, PO NR, ne ee Oe eee CORRESPONDENCE. 607 with the exception of a Haussmann and Dunn molar cutter, which has seen a lot of wear and bui very little care, and ue handles to correspond with cutters. : The following is the list of instruments taken, manufactured by the Detroit Instrument Co., Detroit, Mich. : x curette, I open molar cutter, 1 molar forcep, I large root forcep, 1 small 13-inch root forcep, 1 splinter forcep, 1 trephine forcep, 1 tooth drill, 1 sounding hook, 1 abscess lance, 1 dental or bone saw, I leather roll, chamois lined, color yellow. Dr. J. T. Cunningham’s instruments: I pair of Detroit handles, also I pair of Haussmann and Dunn handles. I will now endeavor to give you a description of this person. He is a man about fifty years of age and stands about 5 feet 4 or 5 inches in height, and had a very heavy moustache and chin whiskers, sprinkled with grey; cheeks smoothly shaven. He wore a black derby hat, a brown and black suit of clothes with the brown stripe most prominent, and black shoes, and spoke with a marked French accent; appearance not very neat. Hoping this information will be of use, I beg to remain, Sau yours, E. W. VAN VRANKEN, 227 Dean Street, Providence, RE Back in Pennsylvania they have a Jersey bull that goes to harness, and hitched to a sulky is reported to trot a mile in 2.40 and under the saddle is claimed to go even faster. He is to be exhibited at some of the leading fairs this season as a special attraction. Dan Patch has at last gotten a rival and the ball: Robert Patch, is out for a division of honors.—Horn and H oof, June, 1909. Berore the era of the Brahmin bull in Texas, the Lone Star State cattleman prided himself on his longhorns—in fact the longer the horns could be grown the greater was his pride. Meat didn’t count! He reached the acme of his glory when one longhorn grew horns which measured as follows: From tip to tip, 7 feet 4 inches, by following the horns, 9 feet 7 inches, and 15% inches in circumference close to the head. Since the ad- vent of the Brahmin or Sacred Bull of India, the Texas cattle- man is finding meat more profitable than horns. —New York World, Sunday, July 25, 1909. SOCIETY MEETINGS. NEW YORK STATE VETERINARY MEDICAL SO- CIETY. | The twentieth annual meeting will be called to order at Io a. m. sharp Wednesday, August 25, in the amphitheater of the New York State Veterinary College, Ithaca. After the address of welcome by Hon. Randolph Horton, Mayor of Ithaca, re- sponded to by Prof. James Law, of the society, and the reading Of minutes, and president’s address, the regular routine of busi- ness, committee’s reports, etc., will be disposed of with as much expedition as possible, and the reading of papers will begin. Up to date of this writing, July 20, Secretary De Vine and Chair- man Fish of the local committee have the following to offer: “Experiences with Foot and Mouth Disease,” J. L. Wilder, Akron, N. Y. “Some Remarks on Venereal Disease in Cattle,” J. G. Wills, Chateaugay, N. Y. ‘Laboratory Demonstrations of Interest to Practitioners,” W. J. Taylor, Ithaca, N. Y. “ Origin and. Development of the Dairy Cow ”’ (Illustrated), fi, 4. Wing, President of the State Dairymen’s Association. A bench luncheon and smoker at 9 p. m. will conclude the first day’s session. At 9.30 a. m. on the morning of the second day, August 26, the program will be continued as follows: “Anemia in the Horse,’ W. B. Mack, Reno, Nev. (By in- vitation. ) | “Types of Horses,” F. C. Grenside, New York City. “ Certified Milk,” Mrs. C. H. Cocke, New York City. ‘“Cerebro-spinal Meningitis in the Horse,” H. J. Milks, Owego, N. Y. (By invitation.) “Making Market Milk Under. Veterinary Inspection,” Claude D. Morris, Binghamton, N. 3 . Light and Ventilation,” D.. Heggedall, Ithaca, No. . (By invitation. ) ‘A Practitioner’s Experience with Echinacea,” D, D. Le Fevre, Newark, N. Y. 608 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 609 “The Veterinarian of To-day and What He Advocates,” W. G. Hollingworth, Utica, N. Y. “ Eserine,” J. H. Taylor, Henrietta, N. Y. (By invitation.) ‘Adjournment at 6 p. m. 8 p. m.—Banquet. The evening to be devoted to a discus- sion of rabies. A paper will be presented upon ‘* The Control - and Extent of Rabies in New York State,” by J. F. De Vine, Goshen, N. Y. The third day, Friday, August 27, will be devoted exclusively to a clinic at the New York State Veterinary College Hospital, where the members and visitors are requested to assemble at 10 a.m. There will be a number of cases for diagnosis and surgical . operation. The list is not complete, and therefore cannot be- published at this time, but the following subjects are already promised: Cryptorchid, roaring, hematuria, spaying of different species of animals, etc. Suitable entertainment will be provided for the ladies, and they are cordially invited to attend. | Society Headquarters, New Ithaca Hotel. European and American plans. a —. =|. OOO Fike! Da et ee ee eee ee a, | MISSOURI VALLEY VETERINARY ASSOCIATION. The fifteenth annual meeting of the Missouri Valley Veter- inary Association convened in Omaha June 16 and 17, I909. It was-the most successful meeting of this association ever held in _ the northern part of the Middie West, -both in point of attend- ~ ance and number of names added to.the membership role. About - _ seventy-five veterinarians were in attendance. | Tre Bustness Mretinc.—The board of censors favorably ' passed upon the names of 84 applicants, all of whom were duly _ vouched for by members, and they were duly elected to mem- ' bership. : The following officers were elected for the ensuing year: A. T. Kinsley, President; W. H. Tuck, First Vice-President ; _L. U. Shipley, Second Vice-President; B. F. Kaupp, Secretary- _ Treasurer. C. E. Stewart, R. Ebbitt, R. F. Bourne, E. Biart, ~C. R.. Walters, Board of Censors. The following committees were created at this meeting and appointments made by the president-elect as follows: 610 SOCIETY MEETINGS. Infectious Diseases—G. H. Glover, Chairman; D. F. Luckey, P. Juckiness, H. FE. Bemis, L. L. Lewis. Therapeutics—H. Jensen, Chairman; D. C. Scott, H. E. Kingman, H. B. Treman, H. Bradley. Surgery—J. S. Anderson, Chairman; H. McConnell, hk. Dykstra, C. E. Steel, G. J. Collins. Food Inspection—D. M. Campbell, Chairman; F. Jellen, Meat; L. Champlain, Dairy; C. P. Liegerot, Hygiene; O. E. Troy. Necrology—S. Stewart, Chairman; G. B. Young, J. I. Gib-. son. It was moved, seconded and carried to revise the constitution and by-laws and the president empowered to appoint said com- mittee. Committee on Revision of the Constitution and By-Laws— H. Jensen, Chairman; H. C. Simpson, A. T. Peters. ~The board of censors made a report of the auditing of the accounts of the secretary-treasurer. This report showed $1096, oO in the treasury. The report was accepted. The censors then made the following report: Recommended that the name of Dr. J. Vincent be dropped from the member- ship roll because of his not abiding to the professional ethics of this association. It is further recommended that the secretary of this association notify Dr. J. Vincent, of Shenandoah, Iowa, of this action by registered letter. This recommendation was ac- cepted and adopted. The secretary then read a letter from Dr. R. P. Lyman, Sec- retary of the American Veterinary Medical Association, request- ing the appointment of a delegation to its annual meeting which will convene in Chicago September next. -It was moved, seconded and carried that the president ap- _ point a committee of five to represent this association at that meeting. Delegates to the A. V. M. A.—S. H. Johnson, Iowa; D. M. Campbell, Kansas; L. A. DeCow, Nebraska; E. Biart, Kansas; H. McConnell, Missouri. It was moved, seconded and carried*that a committee be ap- pointed to write a suitable memoriam to the late Dr. Sidney L. Hunter, and that as the president, Dr. J. I. Gibson, had been a classmate of the deceased, that he be included in this committee. | The president appointed on this committee Dr. S. Stewart, Dr. Hal. C. Simpson and Dr. B. F. Kaupp. * Re EAT Ee LO TNE ns 1 OTe SOCIETY MEETINGS. 611 NecroLtocy Rreport.—Whereas, Death has removed from among us on February 27, 1909, Dr. Sidney L. Hunter, a much- | beloved member of the Missouri Valley Veterinary Association ; a member who was instrumental in the formation of the associa- tion; one who gave his earnest and whole-souled support by at- tending its meetings whenever possible, by serving the associa- tion as its first secretary and in all other capacities whenever called upon to do so, be it therefore Resolved, That he has set a standard as a member, a citizen and a Christian gentleman which will serve as an inspiration to each of us, and in striving to emulate him we can reflect great credit upon our profession; and be it further Resolved, That this association express to his family our high appreciation of Dr. Hunter’s life and work and our sincere sympathy in their bereavement. J. I. Grsson, S. STEWART, Hat C. SIMPsoNn, B. F,. Kaupp, Committee. The president appointed Dr. E. Biart, of Leavenworth, Kan- sas, to convey the typewritten copy to the bereaved family, who live in that same city. The secretary-treasurer then read his annual report. A communication was then read from Dr. J. H. McNeil, of Columbus, Ohio. who was formerly at Ames, Iowa, and who desired to sever his connections with the association on account of the great distances from the meeting places. It was moved, seconded and carried that the resignation be accepted and that Dr. J. H. McNeil be made an honorary member of the associa- tion, on account of his previous active services in the association. THe Papers.—The following program was carried out. Many of the papers brought out lengthy discussions. “ Extra Uterine Pregnancy,” Dr. E. Biart; ““ The Cardiac Mechanism and How It Is Influenced by Drugs,” Dr. R. F. Bourne; ‘“ The Score Card System of Dairies,” Dr. Geo. H. Glover; “ Rupture of the Oesophagus,”’ Dr..B. H. Merchant; “ Cathartics in Veter- inary Practice,’ Dr. D. M. Campbell; “ Poisoning in Horses from Ensilage,”’ Dr. L. C. Beaumont; “ Equine Pneumonia,” Dr. C, L. Barnes; “ Hemorrhage Following Castration,” Dr. Wirt R. Barnard. | 612 SOCIETY MEETINGS. Tue Banquet.—The annual banquet was held in the Ban- quet Hall of Hanson’s Cafe at 8 o’clock P. M. Tue Toasts.—Dr. S. Stewart, Toastmaster. ‘‘ Setting the Hen,” Dr. A. T. Peters; Song, Dr. J. I. Gibson; “‘ Sera and Vac- eines,’ Dr. A. T. Kinsley; Discussion, Dr. H. Jensen; State Boards, Dr. J. S. Anderson. THE Criinic.—The clinic was held at the hospital of Dr. D. C. Scott, 2810 Mason street. Eleven cases in all were presented. A black mare affected with high ring bone on both fore limbs was presented and double median neurectomy was per- . formed. A fibroma at the point of the shoulder as a result of an im- properly fitted collar was removed from a black gelding by Dr. Haxby. ? A bitch was presented for oopherectomy. The H. M. C. anaesthetic was used and the operation performed by Dr. D. M. Campbell. A pig with prolapsus of the rectum and a sow with hernia were also presented. The clinic occupied the entire afternoon. The association adjourned to meet in Kansas City, February, IQIO. B. F. Kaupp, Secretary. MAINE VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION— SECRETARY’S REPORT.* Once a year business methods require all firms, corporations or business houses to take account of stock, to balance the cash book, and find out the result of the past year. As secretary of this association, I wish to make a “ resumé” of our work during this last year, or rather of what we have at- tempted to achieve. Six interesting papers have been read and five new members have been admitted, making a total membership of 40. I have collected $113.92, which sum has been remitted to the treas- urer. Sixteen delinquents can be found owing from $5 to $28 each. * Presented to the M. V. M. A., at Augusta, Jan. 13, 1909. SOCIETY MEETINGS, » 613 Two applications for membership have been rejected during _the year. [Two very important resolutions were adopted, and the proper authorities were notified, viz.: The association con- condemned the application of a second test on tuberculous cattle having shown a typical reaction on the first examination. Second, the requirement of a certificate of tuberculin test with cattle for exhibition at our state fair was also recommended. Nothing has been done; the authorities have not even seen fit to answer your secretary. At this present time, through the efforts of this association, a committee appointed by the State Board of Health, is study- ing the ways and means to improve our method of dealing with bovine tuberculosis. Let us hope that it will accomplish some good. From proper sources I am informed that 21 non-graduates or quacks have been doing veterinary work for the Cattle Com- mission during this last year and have been paid by the state for their services. One of our Cattle Commissioners has tested him- self over 500 head, and the Cattle Commissioner has employed agents to do veterinary work who are not even registered by the State Board of Veterinary Examiners. Some time ago the Lewiston Journal, during the excitement in the City of Lewiston caused by the condition of their milk sup- ply, suggested that the milk inspection should be done by state authority, insinuating that. local veterinarians could not be trusted. In presence of these few facts, I am asking myself many questions. How long are we going to stand it? Has the time arrived for the veterinary profession of Maine to be heard? Are we united as a body? Are we competent as business men and confident of ourselves as veterinarians to raise our voice, to inform the public of Maine, what should be done? It seems to me that it is our duty, as good citizens, to do so, when all over the world people of all classes are interested in these great questions of sanitary measures, and mostly this dreadful tuberculosis. Something ought to be done. Some new legislation is needed. Our milk inspection laws are misleading and should be amended.: We have no meat inspection for what we consume, while federal laws require an inspection for meat shipped out of the state. The Cattle Commission is appointed by the governor as be. men to look after the business interest of their department and not to enter into veterinary practice. 614 SOCIETY MEETINGS. Our veterinary bill enacted in 1905 has not been very satis- factory, neither to the public nor to the veterinary profession, and I can assure you that the members of the Board had all they could do to prevent its repeal; and let us hope, when we are stronger and more appreciated by the public, the veterinary bill will be improved. Before closing, I wish to call your attention upon another matter which I think will interest you. It is in regard to acci- dent insurance. I have never carried any accident policy until this year. For many years I have argued with several agents that the veterinarian was not properly classed. As you are aware, the profession is classed with firemen, railroad employees, hack drivers, brewery distillers, etc. I always maintained that a graduate veterinarian should be classed with the country physi- cian. So I have at last succeeded to have the Portland Casualty Co. to accept us as first-class risk, and have them to differentiate the graduate veterinarian with the non-graduate. During the year I have had correspondence with the members of this association. To those who have answered promptly I wish to thank them, and those who never reply to a letter, I feel sometimes like saying, “Go back to school.” A. Joty, Secretary and Treasurer. VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION OF NEW YORK CIEY. At the June meeting of the Veterinary Medfcal Association of New York City held in the lecture room of the New York American Veterinary College, New York City, Dr. W. Reid Blair, Veterinarian and Pathologist of the New York Zoological Society, gave a talk on the ‘ Diseases of Wild Animals in Cap- tivity.” The doctor’s remarks were illustrated by sixty-five lantern slides showing methods of control and operations on various wild animals in the New York Zoological Park. Among the slides shown were operations on the elephants, rhinoceroses, alligators, bears, wild-cats, baboons, monkeys, deer, antelopes, ostriches and various other wild species. A number of slides were also shown illustrating various pathological conditions affecting wild animals in captivity. Dr. Blair’s remarks were as follows: ow ar wal ee jot PRR BT I OS ; —— SOCIETY MEETINGS. 615 The New York Zoological Society was the first to establish, on a permanent basis, a medical department in connection with a Zoological Park. The objects of this department are to extend our knowledge of the care and health of wild animals in cap- tivity ; to find the causes of various diseases and the means which should be taken for their prevention and cure, as may be deter- mined by systematic observation and record, and by experimental treatment. og This, besides being humane, is part of an economic admin- istration. An animal properly housed, and well cared for, also needs scientific medical attention, because all animals in close confinement are peculiarly liable to certain kinds of diseases. We are especially fortunate in having on the Executive Com- mittee of the Zoological Society thoroughly scientific men, who appreciate the value of scientific research in comparative medi- cine and pathology, and who are determined to take the utmost: advantage of the scientific opportunities which this large collec- tion of animals affords for discoveries which would be of impor- tance not only to the animals, but to man. It. is proposed to collect all observations of the members of the medical staff of the Park, as well as:of the curators, and to publish them in book form, as a comprehensive work on the care and treatment of wild animals in captivity; a work which is very much needed, for it is a surprising fact that no such book show- ing the experience gained from Zoological Park management has ever been published. One fact which has greatly impressed me in the study of the diseases of wild animals is that, in order to obtain the best re- sults, the statistical method should be used to a great extent. By this method we would gradually arrive, more or less unconscious- ly perhaps, at a special system of pathology and therapeutics pe- culiarly adapted to the diseases of wild animals in confinement. The collection of a large number of cases, with careful an- alysis of recorded data, can but yield valuable conclusions. Post-mortem examinations are systematically made on all animals dying in the Park. We find that these necropsies can be made without injury to the carcass for the taxidermist or for mu- seum purposes, while at the same time facts of the greatest scien- tific importance are constantly being discovered. Since a con- siderable number of animals die without showing any symptoms of disease during life, it would be impossible to intelligently ascribe the cause of death without these examinations. 616 SOCIETY MEETINGS. The records of these examinations are carefully filed, and it is needless to say that we possess a collection of pathological data, bearing on the diseases of wild animals in captivity of the greatest value, both practically and scientifically. The increased knowledge and experience in the prevention and treatment of diseases and the careful system of quarantine provided for new animals before placing them on exhibition, has resulted in a con- stantly declining death rate. Two years ago Dr. P. Chalmers Mitchell, Secretary of the London Zoological Gardens, visited several of our American Zoos, and was impressed by the work of the medical department in connection with several of them, and on his return to London, his first official act was the establish- ment of a Medical Department in connection with the Garden. In the first year of the Department’s existence, deaths from tu- berculosis alone were reduced from 35.8 per cent. to 21 per cent., and during the past year an even greater reduction has been made. In the last Annual Report of the Zoological Society of Phila- delphia the following appears: “It is gratifying to observe that under the preventive measures which have been developd since the opening of the Laboratory of Pathology, the relative mor- tality from tubercular diseases in the Gardens has been reduced to a point below that of human records of this city.”’ I mention these facts in order to show just what has actually been accom- plished by scientific methods. Since 1902 tubercular diseases among the animals in the New York Zoological Park have played a very unimportant part in the death rate. This is due (1) to the careful selection of animals purchased; (2) the -hygienic buildings in which they are quartered; (3) the rigorous exclu- sion of all animals known or suspected to be tubercular from the cages of the uninfected; and (4) the immediate isolation of any animal upon the first signs of disease, the cages being washed and thoroughly disinfected after the removal of such animals, and before healthy ones are placed in these compartments. Our experience soon taught us that in order to successfully combat the introduction of diseases to the Park, especially those of a contagious nature, a most complete and efficient’ quarantine system’ was absolutely necessary. Too great ‘faith cannot be placed in port inspection for the detection of contagious diseases in wild animals.: It is practically impossible for any inspector to detect disease in a latent form, or to discover whether apparently healthy animals have been in contact with those which were unhealthy. Moreover, it isa practical impossibility to obtain SOCIETY MEETINGS. 617 even a good view of an animal when it is crated for a long jour- ney, and the first place in which real inspection is possible is the quarantine quarters. The introduction to the New York Zoo- logical Park of a small ferret suffering from distemper was the source of a severe epidemic of this disease among wolves, coyotes and foxes, with a loss of over 90 per cent. of the infected ani- mals. So it will be seen that a grave form of disease may be in- troduced and communicated by apparently mild or trivial cases. The value of the quarantine system has been many times demonstrated; for animals which have died within a few days of their arrival at the Park, upon autopsy have revealed a highly contagious disorder, which would no doubt have been very disas- trous and far-reaching if introduced into cages of healthy ani- mals. In some instances it has been found practicable to place newly-arrived animals on exhibition at once in isolated corrals or cages, but an animal is never placed in an enclosure or cage with healthy ones until we are reasonably sure that the new arrival is perfectly healthy. Disinfection as a preventive of disease plays an important part in the medical work of the Park. The fre- quent systematic and thorough disinfection of buildings, corrals, dens and cages, whether there have been contagious diseases or not, has, in my opinion, been a great factor in keeping the Park free from anything like an epidemic. MICHIGAN STATE VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSO- CIATION. ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT T. G. DUFF. To the Officers and Members of the M ichigan State Veterinary Medical Association: _ GENTLEMEN—We are now assembled for the twenty-seventh time in annual convention for the purpose of exchanging ideas as to the best way of advancing the interests of the veterinary profession in Michigan. As far as my address is concerned, it will be very brief, just a few suggestions as they have come to me, | : _ As far as diseases in a general way are concerned, there has been very little change in the territory that I have covered. 618 _ SOCIETY MEETINGS. The outbreak of foot and mouth disease and other contagious outbreaks will be fully covered by the report of committee on cliseases. Our secretary and treasurer, Dr. J. Black, has informed me that he will not be a candidate for renomination, a fact which I very much regret, and in case we cannot prevail on him to ac- cept the office again, I would suggest that great care be exer- cised in choosing his successor, as much of-the strength and prosperity of the organization depends on that officer. I think the office of treasurer should go to another individual, as the present constitution was adopted when our association was small. As the organization grows, the advisability of this, in my mind, becomes more important, and I would suggest that the treasurer be required to furnish bonds, as a matter of pre- cedent if nothing more. Again, it would make one more active officer who would feel the responsibility of the success of our association. | I would suggest that a delegate be elected by our associa- tion to attend the meeting of the A. V. M. A., and this associa- tion should assist in defraying his expenses. We have much difficulty in procuring a direct report of the proceedings of that important annual gathering and this step would insure that for us. Another important matter is some method of prosecuting il- legal practitioners. This matter should receive careful consider- ation, and I am glad that Dr. Gohn, who has had much expe- rience; along legislative lines, has consented to open the dis- cussion. I think the time is ripe for referring the nomination of of- ficers to the hands of the executive committee, as we all know it is very easy to make mistakes in the election of our officers. I would recommend that this method be tried this coming elec- tion. Evidently our plans for a summer meeting will be compelled to lay over another year, as the next meeting of the A. V. M. A. will be held in Chicago in September next, and any of our mem- bers who would attend a summer meeting of our association, would be more than pleased of this opportunity to attend our American gathering. Death has again alarmed our outer door, and taken from us two of our much esteemed members in the persons of Dr. A. ' E. McBeth, of Battle Creek, who died on August 21 of apoplexy, hia came RET e:) seer Oy aE: Oa Ne iL an i eal cal el a ems mn ay Pear et SOCIETY MEETINGS. 619 and Dr. W. F. Carr. of Bay City, who was killed by the acci- dental discharge of a gun in a lumber camp up north. [I trust our committee on resolutions, who will be appointed later, will draft suitable resolutions. I trust that we will have a very enjoyable and profitable meeting. REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON DISEASES. Your committee on disease beg to report that there has been something doing this past year in dealing with some contagious and infectious diseases. The disease which has attracted most attention, and particularly so on account of radical measures taken by the United States Government and the co-operation of the State Live Stock Sanitary Commission, is foot-and-mouth disease. Another disease quite prevalent in certain parts of this state, and which should claim the attention of the veterinary prac- titioner is hog cholera. This disease seems to be on the increase. It is often met with on post-mortem inspection at the abattoirs. Prof. Marshall’s discussion of this disease will give you much valuable information, and impress upon you the necessity of giving some attention to its existence. Should some practitioner ask what to look for on post mortem, would say besides the ap- pearance of the internal organs, notice the hemorrhagic condition of the lymphatic glands of the carcass, the skin lesions, the petechial spots of the kidney, and the dark or black appearance of the bones, especially of the vertebrze on cross section. One or several of these lesions may be present. The disease contagious abortion, present to some extent, will be discussed by a co-worker of Prof. Marshall. Besides these diseases, more or less of the following are present in the state: Influenza, strangles, glanders, rabies, sheep- scab, tuberculosis. Then, in the western part of the state, what is known as the Lake Shore disease in cattle, though not proved to be infectious. In the northern part of the state the summer disease of horses seems to be present every year. Rabies in cattle in Berrin County and Cass County have been reported to have occurred according to the report of the State Live Stock Sanitary Commission. And in dogs, numerous cases have occurred in different parts of the state. Glanders is one of the diseases that makes its appearance occasionally. The State Live Stock Sanitary Commission re-- 620 SOCIETY MEETINGS. ports five horses destroyed in 1908, and there have been a few besides that, I think; so it would be safe to say that there have been seven or eight cases during the year. And the disease has occurred in different parts of the state. It shows that a watchful eye is necessary for the veterinary practitioner, and he ought not to leave a suspicious case go without the mallein test. Sheep-scab is said to have been present in the Thumb Dis- trict in the eastern part of the state. Not any cases known to exist at the present time. One more disease needs our consideration, last but not least, | as it is the most prevalent disease in Michigan as well as in © other states. The disease, tuberculosis, is one some practitioners never get bothered with, though they treat those very animals having it for other ailments. In the report of the A. V. M. A. of 1908, it is noticeable that the Committee on Diseases spent nearly all its time and energy, as far as making a report goes, to glean facts on the disease, tuberculosis. This has induced me to write about this disease again. It is the one disease we notice on post-mortem in the packing houses, but as I have given the post-mortem con- ditions met with in previous reports I shall not endeavor to burden you with any detatils this time, as the conditions met with and number of cases are about the same, with possibly a slight increase. In the report of the A. M. V. A., Dr. J. R. Mohler, Chief of the pathological division of the B. of A. L., relates some inter- esting experiments in the way of communicability from man to animal and animal to man. He speaks of the experiment of the Royal British Commission: “ A cow was injected with human tubercle bacilli under the shoulders, and began excreting tubercle bacilli from the mammary glands in seven days, and continued to do so until its death from generalized tuberculosis thirty days after inoculation.’’ Dr. Mohler also speaks of experiments in Germany where meat from cattle that had localized tuberculosis was fed to animals, and it did not produce tuberculosis in those animals. But meat fed to cattle that were condemned, having. generalized tuberculosis, produced the disease. | Possibly: most of you have read’ the article by Dr. M. H. Reynolds, ‘on the control of tuberculosis, addressed before the International.Congress of Tuberculosis at Washington; you will notice how immense an undertaking it would-be to eradicate tuberculosis in Michigan. It would cost millions of dollars. If cmaaga ne leatiiad SOCIETY MEETINGS. 621 peas with a few million dollars the disease could be eradicated, I think it would be well worth the money ai that. According to his figures, it would take all of the registered graduated veter- inarians in Michigan all their time all the year round to test cattle and could not test them all then. And one test is not enough; several tests are necessary. The way the disease 1s com- municable from man to animals would in some cases require an- other test. And cases which are latent and do not react the first time would react at a second test. Thirteen states are now enforcing laws regarding entrance of tuberculous cattle. They require the tuberculin- test or cer- tificate that the cattle have been tested before being regularly ad- mitted to the state. There is an interstate law in the United States now that cattle known to be tuberculous cannot be teil from one state to another. Every veterinary practitioner should acquaint himself with the method of testing cattle for tuberculosis; it is likely Michigan will before long have some law in regard to testing cattle, and if not, there will be individual farmers and dairymen who are progressive enough to have their herds tested anyway. Some methods of testing are not correct, such, for example, as were conducted in Grand Rapids last fall by veterinary students. If the instructions are followed which accompany the tuberculin, the test will be all right, but when the temperature is only taken four times after injection of the tuberculin and the last only six- teen or eighteen hours after injection, the test is not reliable. To see that the right amount of tuberculin is injected and done right is an important factor. The reason so much opposition has been raised against testing with tuberculin is because the wrong methods have been used. It is also very important that the veterinarian should know what-to look for on post-mortem examination, as the disease is sometimes confined to one gland, one of the cervical, hepatic, bronchial, or mediastinal glands, and those will have to be incised with the knife to see it. As fowls and all kinds of birds are subject to the disease, a knowl- edge of the lesion of the disease post-mortem may come handy even in a kitchen post-mortem. ° _ Dr. O. E. Dyson, of Chicago, has an article on tuberculosis in his report on diseases for the A. V. M. A.;, which, though not giving facts and figures about the disease, is a most interesting article.- He does some grand reasoning, and such arguments as 622 SOCIETY MEETINGS. are brought to the reader’s mind cannot help but instil in him the desire to join in the battle for eradication of the disease. Respectfully submitted, Z. VELDHUIS, Port Huron, Mich. THE OHIO SOCIETY OF COMPARATIVE MEDICINE. ' August 25 and 26, Upper Sandusky, O. _ PROGRAM. Wednesday, August 25. Paper, “ Meat and Milk Inspection,” J. F. Planz, V. S., Akron, O. C0. Hl Case ViS. Akron. ©: Paper, “The Veterinarian on Boards of Health,’ A. S. Cooley, V. S., Cleveland, O. Discussion of both papers, opened by T. Clark Miller, M. D., Massillon, O. Lecture, ““ The Use of a Modification of the Wright-Douglass Vaccines in the Treatment of Animal Diseases,” J. MclI. Phillips, M. D., Columbus, O. Discussion, opened by W. J. Stone, M. D., Toledo, O. Reception, 5 to 7 p. m. Banquet at 8 p. m. Thursday, August 26. 8 a. m.—Observation of Tuberculin Test—Bovine. Post- mortem of Tuberculosis—Bovine—as per diagnosis of above test. -Committee: C. B. Prederick, @. S., Cantag, O.-T. Clark Miller, M. D., Massillon, O.; A. E. Follet, M. D., Granville, O.; R. J. Morgan, M. D., Van Wert, O.; W. E. Clemons, V. S., Granville, O. 1.30 p. m.—Lecture “The Relation of Bovine Tuberculosis to Man,” David Steward White, V. S., Columbus, O. Discussion, opened by Lewis A. Levison, M. D., Toledo, O., and T. Clark Miller, M. D., Massillon, O. 7.30 p. m.—Lecture, “ Serum Therapy, or The Practical Ap- plication of Bacteriology in the Cure of Disease,’ Ezra Read Larned, M. D., Detroit, Mich. Discussion, opened by R. C. Longfellow, M. D., Toledo, O. SOCIETY MEETINGS, 623 GENESEE VALLEY VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSO- CIATION. The twelfth annual meeting of the Genesee Valley Veterinary Medical Association was held at Rochester on Thursday, July 8, 1909. Twenty-four members were present. A very interesting clinic was held at Dr. A. George Teg’ S infirmary, commencing at II a. m. and lasting until 5 p.m. The meeting then adjourned to the Rochester Club, where a dinner was given by the association. At the meeting after dinner, action _ was taken toward establishing an associate membership, giving all the privileges of the association, excepting voting or holding office, this membership being open to all properly qualified men living outside of our territory. The next meeting of the association will be held in Rochester the second week in January. ) J. H. Taytor, Secretary. FE TIE ay ens ee Te — Kinc Epwarp’s Minoru won the Derby, the classic turf event of England, on May 26. The American entry, Sir Mar- tin, was the betting favorite, but fell soon after the start and lost his chance. TweELvE thousand dollars was recently paid at public auction for the imported Jersey bull Viola’s Golden Jolly. ‘This is the highest price ever paid for a Jersey bull at auction—Hoof and Horn, July, 1907. A Mirx VENpDER.—There is a hygienic slot machine which _ furnishes hot or cold milk to the school children of Germany. _ One slot furnishes paper cups which are thrown away after be- _ ing used. When the coin is placed in the slot, the milk tap pro- _ trudes from the box, and when a lever is released it disappears again to be rinsed by a device which cleans it thoroughly. ' When hot milk is desired, an indicator is moved over the 33 “warm” mark, and enough milk to fili one of the cups leaves the tank and runs over a flat surface under which a spirit lamp. is burning. The lamp lights when the indicator is moved. As >| is usually the case in Germany, the sanitary regulations are ful- filled to the letter. Once a day the milk tank and its connec- tions are taken out and cleansed thoroughly.—Popular Me- chanics. NEWS AND ITEMS. MELBOURNE UNIVERSITY VETERINARY SCHOOL COMMEMORATION DINNER. A dinner to commemorate the establishment of a Veterinary School at the Melbourne University was held on Tuesday, March ~ 30, 1909, at the Cafe Francais, Melbourne. | The Chancellor of the University, Sir John Madden, K. C. M. G. (Chief Justice of Victoria), was in the chair, and amongst those present were the Vice-Chancellor (Sir Henry Wrixon, K. C. M. G.), the Minister for Agriculture (The Hon. Geo. Graham), the Lord Mayor of Melbourne (Lieut.-Colonel J. Burston), the Director of Agriculture (Dr. Cherry), Professor Spencer (Biology), Professor Elkington (History), Professor . Osborne (Physiology), Professor Berry (Anatomy), the Chair- man of the Board of Health (Dr. W. Perrin Norris), Professor Gilruth (Veterinary, Pathology), the President of the Veterin- ary Board of Victoria (Mr. S. S. Cameron, M. R. C. V. S.), Dr. J. W. Barrett, Mr. W. T. Kendall, M. R. C. V. S. (late Prin- cipal of the Melbourne Veterinary College), Sir Henry Weedon, the Hon. George Swinburne and the Hon. J. E. Mackey. The Loyal Toast having been honored, Dr. J. W. Barrett proposed the toast of the founders of the Melbourne University Veterinary School. He said that a few years ago the university did not cater for properly training the men who would have to conduct the industries of the country. During the past seven years, however, they had established Schools of Agriculture, Education, Mining and Engineering and had made proper pro- vision for the training of dentists and chemists. The last, and in some respects the greatest step, was the establishment of a School of Veterinary Medicine in connection with the Univer- sity. The late government took the initiative and the present government loyally accepted their predecessors’ bill, with the re- sult that the measure had become law and the Veterinary School an established fact. Thanks were due to Mr. Swinburne, Mr. | Mackey, Sir Thomas Bent, and the present ministry for their — cordial assistance and also the city council for so promptly grant- — ing four acres of valuable land, right in the heart of the city — 624 NEWS AND ITEMS, 625 and adjoining the University grounds as a site for the Veterin- ary School buildings and Research Laboratory. Professor Baldwin Spencer in supporting the toast, said he must confess that universities had, up to recent times, been rather the home of conservatism. He thought that in Melbourne that stage had now been passed and the one aim was to make the University the seat of every kind of learning that would be of assistance to the public and the nation. A School of Agriculture two years ago and now one of Veterinary Science were perhaps the most useful developments in recent times, and we had to thank the members, not only of this government, but of the previous government also for the keen interest they had shown in these matters. It was to the very kind feeling of the city council, together with the generous support shown by the Min- ister for Agriculture that we had had handed over to us a site for this Veterinary School. The Hon. Geo. Graham, Minister for Agriculture, in respond- ing, said that he bad done but a small part in bringing the Veter- inary School into existence. It was true that, with the help of a sympathetic house he had managed to get the bill passed through parliament, but in this case the whole of the credit was due to Mr. Swinburne, Sir Thomas Bent and Mr. Mackey. He was sat- isfied that but for these gentlemen there would have been no Veterinary School to-day. We should not forget what our old friend, Mr. Kendall, had done for the school. He established a Veterinary College in Melbourne and many of his students were now filling very important positions in this and other countries. He did not know how Mr. Swinburne had secured the services of Mr. Gilruth as Professor and Dean of the Veterinary Faculty, but was satisfied that we had the right man in the right place. Sir Henry Weedon had taken an active part in negotiating for the gift of four acres of land in close proximity to the University by the city council. The present government would be only too pleased to do all in its power to assist the faculty and Professor Gilruth in bringing the institution to a successful issue. The Lord Mayor said that the city council and nibibinient were both very sympathetic in regard to the establishment of the Veterinary School. The proposal had received the support, not only of the city interests, but of the country as a whole. He was delighted to know of the recent development of the Univer- sity of Melbourne for at this time of day it was more particularly on practical lines that the University should extend. The city 626 NEWS AND ITEMS, council was fully alive to the necessity of developing the meat trade, both home and export, and of securing a good and whole- some supply. In this and other respects the council was endea- voring to raise the standard of the food supply. For that end other reasons the founding of this Veterinary School in connec- tion with the University was a step the citizens were never likely to repent of. The present occasion was a unique one in the an- nals of Australia; and in years to come when the Veterinary School had developed, it would be regarded as one of the his- toric events in the career of the Melbourne University. If there was found to be insufficient room in the four acres, and it was necessary to secure another paddock, no doubt the city council would be able to do something in the matter. With our large increase of trade and continuously expanding cattle markets, it was of very great interest and value to the State that we should have a body of men ready to take the lead in improving the meat supply and in showing both producers and retailers how they could place the trade on the best, most healthy and satisfactory condition. Hon. Geo. Swinburne, in responding, said he wished to ac- knowledge the good work accomplished by Professors Berry and Osborne, Mr. S. S. Cameron and Mr. Kendall. He said they had been three years trying to get the school established. He referred to Mr. Kendall’s efforts as being worthy of the very highest appreciation and was glad they had been able to secure the services of Professor Gilruth. He thanked Mr. Graham and the present ministry for endorsing the grant of £10,000 and the annual endowment of £4,000. : The Chancellor (Sir John Madden), in proposing the toast of Mr. Kendall, said he would ask them to drink the health of one whom he might well call the Father of Veterinary Science in Victoria. He had always known him as an admirable citizen and an honorable and worthy man. He would remind those present that he was the first to undertake the responsibility, with the at- tendant sneers and scoffs, drawbacks and discouragements, of establishing a Veterinary College in Victoria. He had started a private hospital in Melbourne and associated with ita Veterinary College. The result was that he had passed through his college | 136 students, of whom 60 had gone out as well equipped and well-taught eraduates. Finally he had now handed over to the - University 24 students from his own college. The University was very glad, as also were his students and friends, that not MES os a ee Fe NEWS AND ITEMS, 627 only did his college come over to the University and also his pupils, but because, in addition, he himself was to be the lecturer on Veterinary Medicine at the new Veterinary School. He felt sure that Professor Gilruth and Mr. Kendall would do credit to themselves and to the institution to which they had become at- tached. The Minister for Agriculture had said that someone had stolen Professor Gilruth from New Zealand, but it did not mat- ter if you were found in the possession of stolen goods so long as you did not know they were stolen. It was not surprising that when universities were first established, they were nothing if not conservative. They were founded in anything but—favorable circumstances. It was owing to the tumult and disorder and bloodshed outside that people of philosophic, studious and peace- ful dispositions gathered together in universities primarily that they might be able to follow their own bent without rude and forcible interruption. While they were developing their philoso- phies, they were in danger of being burnt at the stake for their adherence to philosophic principles. Therefore, universities in the beginning were very self-centered, conservative and precau- tious of what they did, and thanking God every day that they were able to do anything. In these modern times when univer- sities are able to take the bit in their teeth, they can carry as far as who cares the practical applications of science and art. We all heartily and fully appreciate Mr. Kendall’s services, and he had great pleasure in presenting him with an inscribed address. Mr. Kendall had never hesitated to walk in the path of duty and had resisted every temptation to be turned aside from it. We were all anxious to present a “ Dreadnought’”’ to the British Empire, but if we could spare Mr. Kendall, he knew of no better “Dreadnought ” that we could present than he. (Sir John Madden then presented Mr. Kendall with an ad- dress and a life-size portrait in oils of himself, subscribed for by members of the veterinary profession to be hung within the new University Veterinary Building. ) Mr. W. T. Kendall, in responding, said he wished to express his sincere thanks and his appreciation for the handsome man- ner in which his services had been recognized. He could con- ceive of no other way of so doing which would have gratified him more. He regretted to say that some of those gentlemen who had assisted him had gone to that bourne whence no tray- eler returns; others had gone to various parts of the world. He acknowledged the very great assistance given to him by Mr. | 628 NEWS AND ITEMS. Cameron during a very critical period. He was with him at the time when they had to fight for everything they got. It was largely due to his efforts that they had the University Veterinary School established to-day. As fas as Professor Gilruth was concerned, he said that Wellington was not more pleased to see -Blucher than he was to welcome Professor Gilruth to the Chair of Veterinary Pathology. We had now one of the best institu- tions in the world and the government would never regret hav- ing set aside the necessary money for the establishment and de- velopment of the University Veterinary School. Sir Henry Wrixon (Vice-Chancellor of the University) pro- posed the health of the incumbent of the Chair of Veterinary Pathology and Dean of the Faculty of Veterinary Science in the Melbourne University (Professor Gilruth). He said Pro- fessor Gilruth did not come to us as a stranger. He brought to us a career which was well known all over the world. He had_ made a name in Europe, and we all know how he was prized in New Zealand. We would gladly welcome him here as a man wanted at this particularly hour. We had in him a man who united a thorough knowledge of the science he taught with a knowledge of the man to whom he taught it. There was a deep feeling in many of the people that we ought to utilize all our science and teaching and intelligence in order that it might be made easier for every man to do the developmental work of this country with better prospects for himself. We could not have a better man to further this end than Professor Gilruth. (The toast was cordially honored. ) Professor Gilruth, in responding to the toast of his health, said that one of the chief reasons that decided him to take up the onerous duties to which he was called by the University of Melbourne and the government of Victoria, was that this work opened up a great field for research and investigational work. He had been much impressed since his arrival with the enthu- siasm shown with regard to this movement. He had never in his life been associated with a proposal to which so many people de- voted their enthusiastic and energetic support without—so far as he was aware—a single individual having an axe to grind. In’ this respect the inauguration of the Melbourne University Vet- erinary School was almost unique. The late and the present governments had acted with the utmost courtesy and considera- tion, and had enthusiastically supported the whole scheme. The University authorities, although it had been clearly stipulated i a NEWS AND ITEMS. 629 that no money voted to the Veterinary School could be con- verted into other University channels, had done all in their power to assist. Then again the city council came forward with a gift of land valued at about £20,000 and handed it over to a University over which they had no control. The public had also shown their ap- preciation in a practical manner. A scholarship of £100 had been donated by Sir Richard Cooper, a resident of England, and another one had been estab- lished by Mr. Payne of this city. Gold and silver medals have been donated by the Hon. Geo. Graham, the Hon. Geo. Swin- burne and others, and he was glad to see that substantial en- - couragement had been offered for the carrying out of Veterinary nn Research work. He was pleased to be associated with Mr. Ken- dall, and trusted that the establishment of the Veterinary School would be fraught with great benefit to the whole of the com- munity. He felt justly proud to have had the position of Direct- or of the new school and laboratory conferred upon him, and it would be his utmost endeavor to make the institution a pro- nounced success. (The toast of “ The Chancellor” brought the evening to a close.) NINTH INTERNATIONAL VETERINARY CONGRESS AT THE Hacuer, September 13-19, 1909.—The Executive Committee _ kindly begs you to insert the following information: in your periodica! : The preparation of the congress is in full swing, and more than eight hundred participants from all parts of the world have had themselves inscribed as members, whilst many of- ficial delegates have been appointed. Out of more than 140 persons who promised to give reports about the subjects, previously mentioned, over 100 have proved true to their word. A few of the other reporters have obtained, for well-founded reasons, prolongation of the term of sending in their reports. The others are regarded as having foregone their wish of reporting upon some subject, now that the term of sending in their papers has expired. The committee has already begun to dispatch the printed |. reports, to those who have had themselves inscribed as mem- bers, so that the members have already received a number of these reports. . The committee will endeavor to have the reports that came too late printed before the date of the congress. It will, how- 630 NEWS AND ITEMS e * ever, be impossible to have the summaries translated likewise in all those cases. The meetings of the congress, as well as the opening and closing sessions will be held at Scheveningen in the rooms of the Kurhaus and of the hotels of the * Exploitatie-Maatschappi j Scheveningen.” These rooms were already appointed for the purpose. | The Executive Committee has likewise arranged a plan for the festivities and ceremonies connected with the congress. The gala-banquet will take place on Thursday, the 16th of Septem- ber, in the great concert hall of the Kurhaus. On Friday, the 17th of September, a gala-performance will be given in the Royal Theatre at The Hague. Further particulars will be com- municated in the official program which will be published in a short time. As concerns the excursions in the afternoon of Wednesday, the 15th of September, the celebrated harbors of Rotterdam will be visited, and after the expiration of the congress, conse- quently after the 18th of September the great excursions will begin. In the first place a visit will be paid to the town of Utrecht and its beautiful environs. On Monday, the 20th of September, the inauguration of the monument in honor of the late Dr. Thomassen, who died in 1906, will take place at the Veterinary School of the State in Utrecht. Thereupon the excursionists will go to the North- ern provinces. of the Netherlands, where the most remarkable towns ahd districts will be visited, and in some places cattle and horse shows will be organized for the members of the con- egress. For those who wish to see another part of Holland, ex- cursions to the province of Zeeland are planned. A preliminary program of the excursions will soon be sent to the members. A committee of ladies has been formed, whilst a plan for occupying the ladies of the members in a pleasant manner dur- ing the sessions of the congress has been prepared. All particulars concerning the congress will be communi- cated in a detailed circular which will be sent, in due time, to all the members, and which will likewise contain detailed de- scriptions of the towns and districts that are to be visited by the excursionists. In the name of the Executive Committee: D. A. de Jong, General Secretary, Maresingel 20, Leyden (Holland). Leyden, Ist July, 1909. } BUNTIN DRUG CO.’S SOLUBLE HYPODERMIC TABLETS. VETERINARY. Per tube of 10 tablets. 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A 28: > & § .N os — 7) oe fe <_< Fy = oo VY @ = we a. & & eo © & 29 ar) °o 8 one Y F «tag —_—_——" | 2 i} Ly 33 “> fam fe 2 Qo a Nah Wl mal a 5 3 O° il @ qs Note—Strong advance in opium and its salts compel advance in prices tablets with morphine, INDIANA VETERINARY COLLEGE Chartered by the State of Indiana, December 24, 1892. A graded three-year course lasting from Sept. to April ist. With the new addition to our | building we have greatly increased our Hospital, Laboratories, Class Rooms, etc. Graduates are eligible to mem- bership in the American Veterin- ary Medical Association, also to appointment as U. S. Veterinary Inspectors and U. S. Army Vet- erinarians. Write for Catalogue. Prof. FERDINAND A. MUELLER, Ph. G., V. S:., Indianapolis, Ind. : Secretary NEW YORK STATE VETERINARY COLLEGE, ESTABLISHED AT CORNELL UNIVERSITY, ITELACA, WN. FY. BY CHAPTER 153, LAWS OF 1894. The best equipment for scientific and practical instruction, for undergraduates and post graduates. Most varied practice for students in the free clinics. Regular graded _ course, three years of nine months each. Entrance by Regents’ ‘‘ Veterinary Student Certificate,” or by examination, September 21st, 1908. Matriculation September 29th, 1908. vw w& w Tuition Free to New York State Students. For extended announcement address, Professor VERANUS A. MOORE, Director. ONTARIO VETERINARY COLLEGE. Temperance Street, - « - = Toronto, Canada. tm epee memos ESTABLISHED 1862. Now controlled by the Provincial Government of Ontario. Affiliated with the University of Toronto. The course of study extends through three college years. College opens October Ist, 1909. Calendar containing full information will be mailed on application. E. A. A. GRANGE, V. S., M. S. CHICAGO VETERINARY COLLEGE 2537 and 2539 State Street, Chicago, Ills. Organized and Incorporated under the Laws of the State of Illinois, 1883. Regular Session commences the first week in October in Gach year. For Prospectus giving all information as to curriculum, fees, etc., addres¢ the President. JOSEPH HUGHES, M.R.C.V.S., od 2537 and 2539 State St., Chicago, Illa. 18 ——— EMERGENCY BAG y ee Wo. A. Best black grain leather, leather lined, with loops, straps and pockets. Flaps on wings for holding in- struments. Price, size 8 x10x15..$8.00 « * 84x10x16.. 8.50 ee Oe lO 7 <-: SO8 Sterilizing Pans, each, oS) BRE Ona tage? 1.50 rrr (Se peace HAUSSMANN Fig. 2382, 6) aoe & DUNN CO. == : Manufactwers 27d Veterinary Instruments, Text Books, Etc. 392 SOUTH CLARK ST., CHICAGO, ILL. Write for Illustrated Catalogue We quote from the latest report published on ANTIPERIOSTIN, A new therapeutic agent—a distinct chemical body, no secret combination—for the successful treatment of all exostoses and bursal enlargements, bony growths and galls, splint, spavin ; requiring only one application. The experiences so far had with Antiperiostin can b2 summed up as follows: ‘‘The most gratifying objects for treatment with Antiperiostin are found next to galls (especially the usually so obstinate thoroughpin). in exostoses, particularly those that are cir- cumscribed irrespective of size, age or seat, whether metacarpus, tarsus or maxilla. Antiperios- tin ought to appeal to the practitioner on account of its convenient form of application. It will rimarily be resorted to in all those cases where the patient for reasons of economy cannot be cont from work very long, or where the owner cannot be relied upon to carry out the other kinds of = 0 pt’ which are cumbersome and of long duration. That most constant feature, the quic Sisappee a of lameness, will always assure the remedy many devotees. It is, of course, essential that the application be performed strictly according to directions, and if at all possible, by the Veterinarian himself , after other necessary changes, such as correcting shoeing, etc., have . been givenattention. With this proviso there is a great futurein store for ANTIPERIOSTIN.,” ERNST BISCHOFF & CO., 15 Cedar Street, - - . . - New York City. Continued on adv. page 19. ; 1 Results secured in both hospital and private practice have demonstrated to veterinarians that THE CURE OF COUGHS, BRONCHITIS, PNEUMONIA, LARYNGITIS, ETC. IN HORSES AND DOGS can be effected with greater certainty and promptness by the use of Glyrn-Hernin (Smith) than by the employment of any other remedy extant. COUGHS.—Glyco-Heroin (Smith) checks cough instantly, relieves obstruction of the breathing passages, liquefies the mucus, allays the pain, subdues nervousness, abates the fever and induces restful sleep. Relief is immediate and recovery is rapid. PNEUMONIA.—Glyco-Heroin (Smith) relieves the congestion, disperses en- gorgement, reduces the fever, sustains heart action, calms nervous excitement, renders respiration free and regular and shortens the duration of the disease. It conserves strength and forestalls the development of fatal complications. BRONCHITIS.— Glyco-Heroin (Smith) allays inflammation of the bronchial tubes, arrests the cough, begets free breathing, dispels fever, liquefies the bronchial secretions, restores the appetite, and prevents the disease from assuming the chronic form. LARYNGITIS.—Glyco-Heroin (Smith) relieves inflammation of the larynx and tenderness of the throat, abates the fever, allays the pain, checks the cough, promotes the appetite and induces quiet sleep. DOSE.—The dose for horses and cattle is one ounce every two or three hours. For dogs, ten drops to half-teaspoonful. SUBSTITUTION.—To insure entirely satisfactory results, it is vitally important that veterinarians emphasize name “Smith” when purchasing or prescribing Glyco- Heroin (Smith), for many worthless substitutes for the remedy are offered by unscrupulous dealers. LITERATURE.—Exhaustive clinical reports foie the foremost hospitals and members of the veterinary profession will be sent, post paid, on request MARTIN H. SMITH COMPANY, NEW YORK OFFICERS OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, 1908-1909. 5—President J. G. RUTHERFORD, Ottawa, Canada. —Vice-President C.J. MARSHALL, Philadelphia, Pa. 6—Vice-President C. H. Jews LL, Fort Riley, Kan. ~Vice- i ae ; Tashi ).C, | t—Secretary Rk. P. Lyman, Vice-President J. R. MOHLER, Washington, D.C 1260 Main’ Street, Hartford, Conn —Vice-President C. G, Lams, Denver, Colo. 8—Treasurer G. R. WuirTeE, Nashville, Tenn. - Vice-President P. A. FisH, Ithaca, N. Y. 9—Librarian W. L. WILLIAMS, Ithaca, N. Y AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW. SEPTEMBER, 1909. - EDITORIAL. EUROPEAN CHRONICLES. Paris, July 15, 1909. PRAcTICAL EDUCATION OF VETERINARIANS.—This import- ant question is one which implies difficulties of realization met in both medicines. But in veterinary, there is a general appre- hension that.to-day, while professional teaching is as complete as it can be to the scientific point of view, by opposition the practical side of the question is insufficient, on some points at least. It is on that account that it may be interesting to make a concise examination of the manner with which the subject has been treated in the Berlin Th. Wochen., by the learned rec- tor of the high school of veterinary medicine of Berlin, Prof. Schmaltz, and which I find resumed in the Annales of Bruxelles. The suggestions of Rector Schmaltz are certainly deserving of the close attention of the trustees, directors, administrators, etc., of our old and recently organized veterinary schools in America. Our eminent colleague begun by examining the defectuous sit- uation of the practical education of veterinary students and in- dicates afterwards the remedies that are applied so far. But for him, none of those are answering the exigencies, greater and greater, that to-day the practice of veterinary medicine demands in country districts, where general instruction is much higher than it used to be. | Placing himself to the point of view of the German schools, Rector Schmaltz considers the various methods which might be 633 634 EDITORIAL, applied to reach the best results with a relative minimum in the sacrifices made in pecuniary and time expenses, for the duration of veterinary studies. There are three principal methods now in presence: Ist, im- provement of the practical teaching in the school itself; 2d, a stage of one year with a practitioner after the obtention of the diploma of veterinarian; 3d, during the studies, a semester ex- clusively reserved to practical instruction in a given place. in the country. | This last is the plan of Rector Schmaltz. We will follow him in his considerations of the three methods. ; * ok BS THE PRACTICAL TEACHING IN THE SCHOOLS includes local and external clinics and exercises of obstetrics. This organization may be sufficient for schools having a small number of students and when they are situated in agricultural centers, but they do not answer for large schools, as for them the external clinics are always very limited on account of being some distance from the country. And again, outside visits mean too much loss of time for the amount of benefit realized, besides the fact that only few students can take advantage of the oppor- tunities offered. Obstetrics gains nothing either, as it would be difficult to call and bring students by night to cases of parturi- tion. These are the reasons why Prof. Schmaltz does not believe that the improvements already existing in some schools in that special direction can ever bring a sufficient result. The second method is the STAGE OF ONE YEAR WITH A PRACTITIONER. ‘This seems at first as the ideal principle. It is an error. If it is used in some cases it is because there is noth- ing better at hand. A first difficulty is: who shall be the practi- tioner? He cannot be a veterinarian of the administration, as those have already assistants who they pay very little; and be- sides they would not be willing to run the chances of a future Se ee eee ee EDITORIAL. 635 ‘severe competition that afterwards one private veterinarian might do them. It must also be remembered that young grad- uates are not looking for improvement in the service of the ad- ‘ministration, but principally in that of practical veterinary medi- cine, in the medical art proper. To settle the difficulty it would be better to let the obliga- tory duration of the stage be fixed by the student himself; and have him select his own practitioner. Evidently then students would select those with whom they would likely learn some- thing. And yet, with all that, as the young assistant would be at the order of his practitioner, most of his time shall belong to him and of course his opportunities for his personal instruc- tion will be limited or would vary according to the circumstances. The method proposed by Prof. Schmaltz is to impose on the students before the final examination, one extra semester of © _ studies, which shall be strictly practical, and when he will be - taught and shown veterinary medicine such as it is met and practiced in the ordinary run of country life. To realize this idea, the author demands that at every vet- | erinary school there shall be annexed a farm, where studenfs will pass the last or one of the last of the semesters of his studies, to complete its practical instruction under the direction of an “ EXTERNAL PROFESSOR.” pe The advantages resulting from this would be an madonna to the medical studies in relation to the practical part of it, an im- | proved knowledge of the exploitation of animals in agricultural | centres, and an initiation, 7 loco to country life, to the needs | and interests of agriculture. Everyone agrees in saying, that instruction in schools ought to be complete to the practical point | of view, but the practical knowledge of the pathology of rumi- | nants and swine, as well as that of obstetrics, can only be ob- tained by a long stay in the country and not by intermittent and - often hasty visits. A continued observation of domestic animals and a daily contact with agricultural people are essential. And not only will the student improve his stock of practical veteri- 636 EDITORIAL. nary knowledge in relation to medicine, but he will also in that of zootechny and agronomy. The student ought to remain on the farm a whole semester, The one preceding his final examination would be the best. The duration of the studies would be extended one semester, but es: sentially for that practical improvement. - ; The professor at that farm should be one who, besides ex- tensive scientific knowledge, should also have a well-confirmed practical experience and not less than ten years of practice. The. clinical material would be provided not only from the animals of the farm, but also from the surrounding country. As it is seen, the program of Prof. Schmaltz is a daring one, and above all, one which deserves serious attention. It is al- ready partially existing in some places but it has not yet reached the extensive view entertained by the professor. Will it ever be realized? If I am not greatly mistaken the existence of the experi- mental stations which exist in some parts of the United States, and which for some are or might easily be attached to veterinary institutions, could well be made a step in the direction of the realization of Prof. Schmaltz’s method. They might readily fill the part of the farm he calls for, and at least serve as an ex- periment to test the value that would follow for those who would go there. But I am much afraid than an additional stage would rather be unwelcome to students. * ** % | : SPECIFIC CHEMICAL THERAPEUTY OF . TRYPANOSOMIASIS AND SPIRILLOsIs.—In the Archives of Internal. Medicine, Prof. Terry, of Rockfeller Institute of New York, has in a general review considered the various treatments which have been tested in these two groups of infections which have become closely re- lated in the researches of parasitology and therapeutics of the last few years. This review of Prof. Terry, is interesting from the practical point of view, as patients affected with such dlis- eases may fall in the way of the practitioner. EDITORIAL. 637 : _ TRYPANOSOMIASIS is the generic term applied to designate _ the infections caused by the various trypanosomas: T. GAM- ' BIENSIS of the sleeping sickness; T. BRUCEI of N agana ; T. EVANSI _ of the Surra; tr. EQUINUM of the disease of Cadaras; T. EQUI- _ PERDUUM of dourine, etc., etc. | Until 1904 arsenic was the only drug used against trypa- _ nosomiasis. But since the works of Ehrlich and Shiga, other - products have been employed, which can be arranged into four _ groups; the colors.of benzidine the basic colors of triphenlme- _ thane, the compounds of arsenic and the compounds of antimony. Among the succedanea of benzine, the most used has been _ the trpan-red or trypancot, so named on account of its active action upon trypanosomas and its red color. | Of the basic colors of triphenylmethane, the malachite green, _ the brilliant green and the parafuchsine have been experimented ' with by Ehrlich, who concluded that the last, the parafuchsine, was the most active but that its curative action remained very weak. | Among the recent compounds of arsenic, atoxyl is the most _ yaluable. Its action made known by Koch has been sufficiently recorded. The important point is that the treatment must be kept up for a long time. Injections of 50 centigrams repeated two days in succession with ten days suspension between each | double injection. In light trypanosomiasis, the parasite disap- | pears rapidly from the blood and lymphatics. In severe cases the results are not as good. | Two other preparations have been recommended by Ehrlich, | as substitute of atoxyl, the AcCETYL-AToXyL and the PARAXY- | HENZYLIDE-ATOXYL, which, richer in arsenic than atoxyl, is ten | times less toxic. , : iF Among the compounds of antimony, the most active is the | double tartrate of sode and antimony, which, injected. by Plim- | mer and Thompson with rats infected with surra and nagana, found that the trypanosomes had disappeared from the blood - between half an hour and two hours. In France, tartar emetic 638 EDITORIAL. - has also been used. An interesting point to notice in these re- searches upon the therapeuty of trypanosomiasis is that the para- — site can acquire a marked resistance to the drugs in use. -This — resistance varies according to the species and Ehrlich divides them into resisting, and weak or susceptible. A single passage — through rabbits is sufficient to transform a resisting into a weak trypanosome. ‘These conditions of tenacity or of weakness have no connection with the virulency. Like trypanosomiasis, SPIRILLOsIS have been submitted to new and various drugs. But differently from the trypanosomia- sis, which form an homogeneous group, spirillosis include affec- tions caused by parasites rather different; spirillus, spirochetes, and treponemas and which are related to each other only by morphological and biological analogies. SPIRILLOSIS of birds, caused by the SPIRILLUM GALLINORUM has been the object of investigations by Uhlenhuth, who con- siders atoxyl as the best treatment. African fever caused by the SPIRILLUM DutTToNnt has been studied experimentally by Vas- sel, who has obtained good results with trypancot. European recurrent fever caused by SPIRILLUM OBERMEIER has also been treated by atoxy]. * Xe * _ TREATMENT OF SERO-FIBRINOUS PLEURISy.—Autoserother- apy has been the subject of a communication of the Presse Med- icale of which I find allusions in some of our professional jour- nals. The question relates at present, as a means of treatment of sero-fibrinous pleurisy. Imagined and described by Gilbert, in human medicine, auto- serotherapy consists in the subcutaneous injection, in a sick in- dividual, of a few cubic centimeters of its pleuritic effusion, which will promote a more rapid absorption of the effusion in the chest. Vee bo This method has given good results with some physicians; and perhaps veterinarians could take advantage of it. The method is simple. With the ordinary attention and on the class- EDITORIAL. 639 : ical spot, an explorating needle of Pravaz is introduced in the - chest and filled. Without removing it entirely, it is carefully . introduced under the skin and the contents are injected. The _ operation is repeated every two days and may be renewed sev- _ eral times, according to cases. Autoserotherapy stimulates the resorption of acute pleuritic _ effusion. It has a much more important and more regular ac- tion than the simple explorating puncture. Immediately after the first puncture, the quantity of urine secreted is suddenly _ much increased, as much as three times the amount and some- times even more. The good effects obtained seemed to be due in great part to the mechanical action of the explorating punc- ture and specially to the antitoxic and bactericid products con- tained in the effusion and which are then thrown into the gen- eral circulation. Schnutgen, of Berlin, confirmed its value by a statistic of twenty successes. In man fourteen good results are said to have been realized in fifteen cases of sero-fibrinous pleurisy. It has no influence in hemorrhagic pleurisy, in those with sup- | purative tendency or in hydrothorax. The method is so simple that veterinarians might do well in . resorting to it. An army veterinarian, Mr. Magnin, has already | published one case where he has used it. The subject was treated by auto-serotherapy five and ten gramms of effusion be- ing injected on the neck and he received besides subcutaneous injections of cafeined artificial serum; but notwithstanding died. Of course, this single case is insufficient to decide as to the _ value of the method when applied to animals, but others will _ tell more about it. Mr. Magnin, however, has obtained valuable information _ from this single case; viz.: that it is useful to perform the thora- | centesis alternatively on one and then on the other side of the chest as the communication between both pleural sacs does not always exist and specially in sero-fibrinous pleurisy where - abundant deposits of fibrin may exist. * * * 640 EDITORIAL. OBSERVATIONS ON RaAsies.—What a singular and ever-inter- ; esting disease rabies is! And how frequent are the various man- ifestations that one may meet with, where possibilities of error of diagnosis are present. I have related in these pages many facts which have come to my knowledge, and here again I find in the Revue Veterinaire, observations which I must relate. The first is the case of a cow which has a nervous affection, — having some appearance of rabies. She is restless; all of a sud- _den she becomes nervous, excited by the slightest noise. She has muscular twitchings all over the body. Her eyes glaring and her looks anxious; they look full of fear. There is dorso-lumbar hyperthesia. Let loose, she starts in a run, turns over herself, her hind quarters are semi-paralized. Placed on observation the symptoms gradually subside and in a month she is about well. The other observation is one of intermittent rabies in a cow. With her there can be no hesitation in the diagnosis. She has rabies with inco-ordination of motion, excitement at the sight of a dog, efforts to defecation, etc. By degrees, in a few days, she seems to improve, and she is returned to work which she performs very quietly. But suddenly after three weeks she has a second attack of rabies; perfectly similar to the first and from which she died in twenty hours. The diagnosis was confirmed by inoculation of the brain and of the bulb. The third observation relates a case of three years incubation in a bovine. The diagnosis could not be doubted. The history, the number of cases of rabies connected with the case more or less directly, all prove it. Wiuth this animal, death did not occur until the 15th day after paralysis was manifested. In a fourth observation, the intravenous antirabid vaccina- tion for bovines offers practitioners an example of its value. The method was advocated by Prof. Galtier and consists in the intravenous injection of an emulsion made with the bulb of a rabid dog. The method has been largely experimented with and EDITORIAL. 641 has given good results; granting a lasting absolute immunity to herbivorus animals. : A last observation closes this interesting series. It is that cof a spontaneous recovery from rabies. One of the dumb form _ of the disease. A dog had paraplegia, partial paralysis of the larynx, his tongue is hanging from the mouth and yet with all those symptoms he gradually recovered. | I may be in error but I think other cases of similar nature have already been observed. Personally I can recollect of one; but perhaps I had made an error in my diagnosis. In the case above, the history was strongly confirming the diagnosis made from the symptoms and on that account is well worthy being known and deserves to be recorded. | eo * * DIAGNosts OF TUBERCULOSIS.—Always important, this sub- 4 ject has comparatively lately been occupying the attention of pathologists. And I fancy specially more in France, where scientists of that nationality have worked considerably on the various methods of the application and practical uses of the tuberculin test. Are we going to arrive at a final conclusion in relation as to which is the best test to resort to? I have al- ready made known the opinion of some. I may to-day present the conclusions of a paper presented by Prof. Lignieres of Buenos Aires, where he advocates a new method which he calls that of the ASSOCIATED REACTIONS. Will they close the series? ConcLusIons: Ist. Tuberculin thermic and local reac- tions are from the practical point of view the base of the diag- nosis of tuberculosis: | 2d. One must no longer depend on one reaction; it 1s ab- solutely necessary to resort to several of them, which may cor- rect, control, complete each other and specially increase the chances of a positive diagnosis in tuberculous individuals; it is the method of the associated reactions. : 3d. The selection in the methods to associate, depends on “ the conditions in which the operator will be; but in all cases, the 642 EDITORIAL, ophthalmo ought to be put to practice and be repeated, if pos- sible. ‘To the result of the thermic reaction by subcutaneous in- jection, that of the local subcutaneous reaction must always be added. : _ 4th. The diagnosis of tuberculosis rests entirely in the ap- parition of a clearly positive reaction, whatever this may be. To the practical point of view, negative reactions are worthless against a single clearly positive one with the method of asso- ciated reactions. If several are positive, it is evident that the belief of the experimentator in his diagnosis is increased and consequently he will insist in the application of the sanitary measures. sth. Doubtful reactions are very important; they impose the confinement of the animals that present them so as to submit them to new tests afterwards. 6th. For animals living in the fields or outside, all the year _ round, ophthalmo reaction is the best method of investigation; — it may be repeated very often and allows each time the separa- tion of sick and doubtfuls, with which other means 3 of diagnosis can afterwards be applied. 7th. Local reactions which have no influence upon tne thermic reaction, such as the cuti, the dermo and specially the ophthalmo, may be applied shortly before the subcutaneous in- jection, while local reactions which may have some effect on the general thermic reaction, such as the local subcutaneous and the intra dermo, ought never be resorted to if shortly after, one de- sires to obtain the result of a classical subcutaneous reaction. 8th. Often all local reactions give positive results in tuber- culous subjects which receive at the same time a classical sub- cutaneous injection. Of those local reactions, the ophthalmo is the one that the subcutaneous injection affects the least and the intradermo the most. oth. In general, one must wait a certain time before mak- ing a local reaction upon an animal which has recently received a classical subcutaneous injection. Three or four days after this EDITORIAL. 643 injection, the cuti, dermo and specially the ophthalmo may al- ready be resorted to with success. The local subcutaneous and the intra dermo are much more influenced by a previous injection of tuberculin; ten days and sometimes more are necessary to have elapsed if better condi- tions of success are looked for. 1oth. One of the methods of associated reactions, among the simplest, most practical and most certain, consists in making at the same time, in the evening, say 8 o’clock, one ophthalmo, then at the base of the neck one dermo and on the same spot the sub- cutaneous injection of tuberculin. The next morning, 5 or 6 o'clock, the condition of the ocular reaction is taken, then the local subcutaneous and finally the thermic. It is much more difficult for a tuberculous subject to escape this test than with any others. *% % x BIBLIOGRAPHICAL Notes: Pror. SCHMALTZ’s ANATOMY. —In March, 1901, page 946 of our 24th volume, it was’ my great pleasure to call the attention of American veterinarians to the first part, just issued then, of ‘‘ ATLAS DER ANATOMIE DES PFERDES,’ by Dr. Reinhold Schmaltz, Professor of Anatomy at the Superior veterinary school of Berlin. To-day it is the second part, which I have the opportunity to consider. This second part treats of the topographical Myology of equines. It is illustrated with the collaboration of Pro. Bruno Heroux, of Leipzig, and of Gustav Heuer, of Berlin, who made the drawings and wood engravings. The well-known house of Richard Schoetz, of Berlin, is publishing it and that is saying what efforts have been spent to make the book appear as it does. Following the plan taken in the first part, this topographical myology contains no reading descriptive text, but in the thirty- nine plates that illustrate it, the reader finds the entire myology of the trunk and extremities. The plates are numbered as con- tinuation of those that illustrate the first part. Hence in this it begins by plate 24 with the skeleton of the neck and trunk 644 EDITORIAL, with the two upper segments of the fore and hind extremities. ‘Plates 25 to 30 illustrate the superficial, middle and deep layers of the muscles of the trunk. Plate 31 illustrates one outside of the chest. The anterior extremity down to the digital region is occupying nine plates. In plates 41 and 42 there are views of the chest, inferior cervical region and intermaxillary space; 43 exposes the under part of the chest and of the abdomen; 44 the inguinal region; 45 the perineal of males and of females; 46 the diaphragm muscle, viewed by its posterior face; 47 and 48 show the loins and the pelvis; 49 the hypogastric region; 50 the interperineal; 51 the inside of the pelvic cavity and of the thigh. From the 52d to the 59th, included, are found va- rious aspects of the different segments of the hind extremities, and the three last plates illustrate the foot in its external and internal various subdivisions. I have said that there is no descriptive text in the book. First, there is no need for it, as to one who already knows his anatomy, glancing at the plates reads as well as any description. The plates are so true. But with that on each plate besides the duplicate on thin tissue paper which carries and completes the explanation of the typical plate, there is a legend attached to each illustration; kind of explanation and as the accumulation of parts and names might render the clear understanding diff- cult, the author has on those legends, arranged by: numbers cor- responding to others in the drawings, arteries, veins, nerves and lymphatics. For although this part of the atlas is principally topographical myology, one finds also in almost all the plates, ‘blood vessels, and nerves, which make the book so thorough and complete that one cannot expect to find in the other parts of the work which will come after anything more complete than what is presented in plates 29 and 30, 47 and 48 and also in others. The amount of work which had to be realized to arrive at the perfect completion of this atlas the number of minute and delicate dissections that had to be accomplished, the correctness with which the true nature has been represented, the fine work 22> Pond ae EDITORIAL. 645 of the artists, the drawings so natural of the muscles, the va- rious coloration of the blood vessels, nerves, etc., etc., every- thing explain and plead favorably for the long length of time that has elapsed between the publication of those two parts, and we feel that this atlas of Prof. Schmaltz is to-day the only one of its kind and that it will remain for many years to come the only book which any veterinarian can consult to refresh iis ana- tomical knowledge. As indeed a glance at any of the plates will permit either the advanced student ready for an examina- tion, or again the practitioner on the verge of an operation, to review a dissected region just as well if not better,.than if it was in the dissecting room and upon the best anatomical prepara- tion. The Atlas of Prof. Schmaltz is a valuable acquisition to vet- erinary literature. It is an international work which no doubt all veterinarians will be glad to get and which will necessarily urge the completion of the book and the publication of the two last parts at an early day. 2 x 2 PurE MILK AND THE PuBLic HEALTH, by Prof. Archibald Robinson Ward, B.S.A., D. V.M., is a new book recently is- sued by the house of Taylor and Carpenter, of Ithaca. Graduated from the State veterinary college at Cornell Uni- versity, the author has dedicated his work to Director V. A. Moore, his teacher. This time it is from California that this little valuable ad- dition to the science of Milk Hygiene is offered as an attempt to assemble together the essntial facts for the information of the health officer and others directly concerned in the crusade for better milk. The great progress that has lately been made im every part of the globe in relation to the milk question has given rise to immense improvements; and yet everywhere those who are interested in it are anxious to know what others are doing in solving the subject of the milk control; that is of milk and dairy inspection. 646 EDITORIAL. “Pure MILK” contains nearly 200 pages of an appendix. There are seventeen illustrations. The subjects are divided into eleven chapters: Contamination of the. milk, Changes caused by bacteria, Epidemic diseases transmitted by milk, Bovine tubercu- losis and other cattle diseases, Municipal sanitary control of milk, Pasteurization, Microscopic tests, Bacteriological examina- tion, Certified milk, Analysis and Adulterations. This presentation of the contents tells how much interesting material can be found in the book of Doctor Ward, and while some will recognize in it, parts which have been found some- where else, it must be remembered that it has been the principal object of the author to only make an attempt to gather the most essential facts already known. The appendix contains Cednanees 3 in ‘Cul in Chicago, if Duluth, etc., etc. The book is neatly gotten up, the illustrations are good and the reading quite easy and interesting. * * * BIBLIOGRAPHIC ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.—Bulletin No. 113 of the Agricultural Experimental Station of the University of Min- nesota, ‘Veterinary Division, containing an article on Hog cholera and Vaccine by Dr. M. H. Reynolds. The Quarterly Bulletin of the Chicago Veterinary College, Vol. 7, No. 1. Circular 148 from the Bureau of Animal Industry, a practical demonstration of a method for controlling the cattle tick, by W. D. Hunter and J. D. Mitchell, The Louisana Bulletin 115 with the principles and practice of feeding, including our available stock foods, by Dr. W. H. Dalrymple. The second annual report of State Vet- erinarian of Alabama, Dr. C. A. Cary. Veterinary Notes from Parke, Davies & Co. ‘‘ Examiner” of Launceston (Australia), with articles from E. A. Weston, G. M. V.C. ae : a ; EDITORIAL. 647 PROF, LIAUTARD GREATLY HONORED. Ministére des affaires étrangeéres. Par décret du Président de la République en date du 4 aout 1909, rendu sur la proposition du ministre des affaires étrangéres, et vu la déclaration du conseil de l’ordre de la Légion d’honneur du 31 juillet 1909, portant que la nomination comprise dans le présent décret est faite en conformité des lois, décrets et régle- ments en vigueur, est nommé chevalier dans l’ordre national de la Légion d’honneur, M. Liautard (Alexandre-Frangois-Augus- tin), médecin vétérinaire a New York, directeur de l’ “ American Veterinary Collége’’: services distingués rendus a l’influence et aux inté réts francais en Amérique depuis 34 ans.—From the Journal Officiel de la Republique France (organ of the Govern- ment), August 6, 1909. The above clipping from the official journal of the Republic of France will convey to the friends of Dr. Liautard who read French, the very great honor of which he has recently been the recipient. The doctor’s modesty would not permit him to write an account of it for his many friends in America, so we have undertaken to extract the information for those who do not read French, which is about as follows: By a decree of the President of the Republic of August 4, 1909, rendered on the proposition of the Minister of Foreten Affairs, and the consul of the Order of the Legion of Honor, Prof. Liautard was named chevalier in the National Order of the Legion of Honor in recognition of his distinction as a veter- inarian and his distinguished services as director of the American Veterinary College and his good influence in the interests of France in America for thirty-four years. We understand that to be a chevalier of the National Order of the Legion of Honor is a rare distinction in France, and the recipient of it is paid a high tribute by his countrymen, and we voice the sentiment of the entire veterinary profession in America when we congratu- late Dr. Liautard. 648 EDITORIAL, INDEMNITY FOR GLANDERED HORSES. By an act of the legislature passed in May last, the state of New York, after October 1, 1909, will pay an indemnity of 80 per cent. of the appraised value on glandered horses reported and destroyed, in which glanders was not manifest by clinical symptoms, and 50 per cent. of the appraised value on those in which the disease is manifest clinically. In no case shall the appraisal of a horse exceed one hundred and twenty dollars. While the amount paid by the state is not a large sum, it will be a material assistance in the majority of instances in replacing the animals destroyed, and will be a stimulus toward the prompt re- porting of cases by owners who might otherwise, for mercenary reasons, endeavor to get rid of them for a small amount, thereby disseminating the disease by starting new centers of infection. The same law applies similarly to tuberculosis in cattle; the maximum appraisal value in that case being seventy-five dollars, and the different percentages being determined by the existence of the disease in a localized or generalized form, the former getting 80 per cent. and the latter 50 per cent. The fact that glanders is so prevalent, (in the larger cities of. the state particularly) is evidence of the necessity of this meas- ure. Veterinarians throughout the state are being furnished blank forms for convenience in reporting infectious or com- municable diseases, upon which, when they are confronted with a case of glanders for instance, they immediately enter a record of it, giving the name and address of the person in charge of the horse and the name and address of the owner, if it be different, (as in the case of a horse at a boarding stable) and any other information they may desire to convey, and mail it at once to the Veterinary Bureau of the Department of Agriculture at Albany; which bureau, will immediately detail a department veterinarian in the locality from which the report came, to take charge of the matter. This will relieve the local veterinarian of all respon- sibility, and place his client in a position to benefit by the pro- visions of the state; and therefore merits the hearty co-operation ar, He SE ae EDITORIAL. 649 of the practitioner. In New York City, where glanders has been rife for several years, there are three resident veterinarians from the Department of Agriculture. The amount of compen- sation to owners will be determined by the stage of the disease, as revealed by post-mortem examinations. The mutual advan-. tage accruing from this law to the state, the practitioner and his client, is apparent; and we predict an appreciable. decrease in elanders, as well as other contagious diseases in the Empire state by October 1. 1910. Epitor1AL COMMENT.—We have been favored with some advance pages of the second edition of “ The Production and Handling of Clean Milk, including Practical Milk Inspection,” by Kenelm Winslow, M. D., M: D. V., B. A. S., and “ Essentials of Milk Bacteriology,’ by H. W. Hill, M. D., from the pub- lishers, the Wm. R. Jenkins Co., New York; which we have perused with much pleasure, both in the reading of them and in the anticipation of the excellent practical guide to the produc- tion, handling and distribution of clean milk that will soon be within the reach of veterinarians and scientific dairymen. At this time, when the attention of veterinarians, scientists and dairymen are being directed toward the importance of cleanli- ness in the production of milk, and the devastation and infant mortality as a result of dirty milk, this book will be most wel- come. It contains chapters on “ Germs in Their General Rela- tion to Milk,” “ Composition of Milk and Cream and Their Products,” “Milk Products,” “Feeding for Milk,” “Housing and Good Care of Cows,” “ Handling of Milk and Cream,” “ Cost of Producing and Handling Milk,” “Some Hints Concerning Milk Distribution,’ “ Milk Inspection,” ‘‘ Essentials of Milk Bacteriology” and an Appendix, giving detailed descriptions and plans for barns, milk houses and city dairies, a description of the milking machine, and much other useful knowledge concern- ing dairy matters. 650 EDITORIAL, This book has 367 pages and 101 illustrations, including one colored and sixteen full-page plates, and is one of the most val- uable additions in the form of general information on the pro- duction of milk, embracing the whole subject of feeding, housing and caring for the cows, as well as the care of the milk that has yet been produced. It can be read and understood by dairy- men, agricultural and veterinary students, practitioners, teachers and bacteriologists, as it embraces all phases of the subject. Horse ACCIDENTALLY SELF SHot.—A saddle horse ridden by its owner, W. Jackson, of Butte, Mont., stepped upon a ball cartridge as he was jogging down Main street, exploding it. The bullet passed through the horse’s body, emerging close to Jackson’s leg. The animal almost bled to death before a veter- inary surgeon could be found to stop the flow.—New York World, Sunday, July 25, tgo09. J. P. CLeaAry, a farmer near Palouse, Wash., owns a seven- year-old Jersey cow which has made a remarkable record, giv- ing birth to five calves in less than two years. In June, 1907, she gave birth to twin calves. The following June she bore another calf and recently when Mr. Cleary went to his barn he found her mooing over two more calves. Four of the calves are heifers, and all have lived. The cow is valuable for the abun- dence of rich milk she gives.—Horn and Hoof, July, 19009. CoMMENDs New JERSEY LIVE Stock COMMISSION FOR IM- PORTING PERCHERONS AND CLYDESDALES.—Referring to the in- teresting question as to whether trotting bred horses or draught- ers are best suited for the farmers of the East to raise and use, a Western horseman of national prominence, who has been iden- tified with draught horse breeding ever since the Percherons and Clydesdales were introduced in the Mississippi Valley writes to the Herald in unqualified commendation of the ac- tion of the Live Stock Commission of New Jersey in importing such stallions for stud service in that State. Expressing the opinion that the soil of the Atlantic States is better adapted than that of the prairies to the production of draughters and that no other branch of animal husbandry will yield better prof- its to the Eastern breeder * * *—New York Herald, Sun- day, July 25, I9o09. ORIGINAL ARTICLES. THE ERADICATION OF CATTLE TICKS IN THE SOUTH. By W. P. ELLENBERGER, NASHVILLE, TENN. While the veterinarians of the South have probably all had the opportunity of seeing cases of Texas fever and have taken more or less interest in the matter of tick eradication, those of the North have not likely given this subject much attention, nor have many of them had the opportunity of seeing cases of the disease. This article is therefore made to cover the subject in a general way rather than to specialize on some one phase of it. On account of the great extent to which the Southern cattle ticks (Margaropus annulatus) interfere with the cattle industry of our country, and the immense annual loss caused by them, their eradication must be looked upon as a national affair rather than simply as a local matter. Tick eradication is of much importance to our country as a whole, as it is absolutely necessary to the welfare of the cattle industry, and indirectly to the advancement of agricuiture in the infested district. Investigations and experiments have demonstrated the practicability and advisability of eradicating this pest, and the officers of the tick-infested states, who have charge of the agricultural and live stock matters, have urged tick eradication for several years. To accomplish the eradication of this pest the local author- ities of the tick-infested district need the co-operation of the Federal Government both in the matter of furnishing experienced men and funds, as the local authorities have not the necessary organization and it is not likely that the state legislatures will appropriate sufficient funds to successfully conduct the work without such government aid. The matter was therefore taken up by the state authorities of the quarantined district and Con- 651 652 W. P. ELLENBERGER. gress was petitioned to appropriate funds to be used by the Sec- retary of Agriculture through the organization of the Bureau of Animal Industry in co-operation with the local authorities in the infected district in the eradication of ticks. Losses Causep By THE CaTTLE T1cK.~The importance of eradicating the cattle ticks is at once apparent when the losses caused by them are taken into consideration. The whole eco- nomic condition of the South is affected. The principal losses are briefly mentioned as follows: Losses caused by death from Texas fever of susceptible cat- tle within the quarantine district, and from the occasional acci- dental outbreak of the disease above the quarantine line. Losses resulting from the lower price paid on the Northern markets for all cattle from the quarantined district on account of the restrictions placed on them, and this reverts in practically setting the price of such cattle within the quarantined district. Losses due to the cattle tick as an external parasite causing impoverishment of the blood, and irritation, resulting in the stunted condition of tick infested cattle. The beef production of the infected district is consequently greatly reduced both in quantity and in quality. Losses due to the large decrease in milk production of tick- infested Southern dairy cows. Losses sustained by Southern breeders of pure bred cattle. Such cattle being generally susceptible to Texas fever many die from the disease. Sales are restricted to local markets where there is not much demand for such susceptible cattle. Exhibi- tions are excellent advertisements, but the breeder of cattle in the infected district is barred from showing his cattle outside of the quarantined district on account of the quarantine restric- tions, and he is practically barred from showing them at fairs within the quarant‘ned district on account of the danger of ex- posure to infection Losses due to the expenses incurred each year by both the government and the various infected states in establishing quar- ERADICATION OF CATTLE TICKS IN THE SOUTH, 653 -antine lines and in enforcing the necessary regulations to pre- vent the spread of Texas fever. Losses due to increased freight rates on account of the neces- sary cleaning and disinfection of cars, and stock pens, and main- _ taining separate yards for Southern cattle. These appalling losses, estimated at from $60,000,000. to _ $100,000,000 annually, can be entirely prevented by the eradi- cation of ticks. This can be accomplished at a small propor- _tionate cost, and every dollar expended be returned many fold during each succeeding year. BENEFITS FROM TIcK ErapicatTion.—It is hardly possible _te estimate the immense benefits that may reasonably be ex- _ pected to accrue from the accomplishment of tick eradication. Besides entirely effacing the actual losses, the most impor- tant of which have been mentioned, it would also prevent the potential losses, which may be considered as the difference be- tween the cattle industry and the agricultural conditions of the infected territory to-day and the extent to which they would no doubt develop with the pest exterminated. Following the eradication of ticks there will no doubt soon _ be a very large increase in the number and grade of cattle in the territory now quarantined. At present there is but little induce- ment for the establishment of pure bred herds in the infected dis- trict, but with the dangers of infection removed, and unrestricted markets obtained, there should be many such herds established. Laws AND REGULATIONS.—It is provided by the organic act of the Bureau of Animal Industry that whenever the plans and | methods of the Secretary of Agriculture shall be accepted by any : i state or territory in which pleuro-pneumonia or other contagious. or infectious disease exists, or when such state or territory shall have adopted plans and methods for the suppression and extirpa- tion of said diseases, and such plans and methods shall be ac- cepted by the Secretary of Agriculture, and whenever the Gov- ernor or other properly constituted authorities signify their readi- ness to co-operate for the extirpation of amy contagious, infec- G54 W. P. ELLENBERGER, tious or communicable disease, then the Secretary of Agriculture is authorized to expend Federal appropriations in that state or territory on investigations of the diseases and on such disinfec- tion and quarantine measures as may be necessary to prevent the spread of the diseases from one state or territoy into another. Under our form of government the control and eradication of diseases of live stock within a state are entirely within the police power of the state, and are only subject to such regulations by the Federal government as may be necessary and incidental to regulating interstate traffic. To expend Federal appropriation for tick eradication, and use the organization of the Bureau of Animal Industry to as- sist the states, it is proper and necessary that the inspectors and other employees of the Bureau assigned to such work, should have legal authority to enforce such quarantine and disinfec- tion regulations as may be necessary and agreed upon by the government and the state. Without such authority the Bureau employees can not do effective work, and the Federal Govern- ment cannot co-operate with states not provided with adequate legislation. The laws of the several tick-infested states should therefore provide as follows: 1. That local officers be authorized and empowered to enter premises to inspect live stock; to enforce the quarantine of coun- ties, districts, farms and ranches, and to control the movement of live stock therefrom. 2. That local officers be empowered to enforce such disin- fection of animals and premises as may be necessary. 3. That the proper state officials be authorized to issue rules and regulations establishing and maintaining quarantine lines. 4. That states may confer authority upon Federal employees to act, without compensation from the states, as officers of the states in enforcing the state laws and regulations. | 5. That the county commissioners, or other proper local ofl | ficials, be authorized to appropriate funds to assist in the work. ERADICATION OF CATTLE TICKS IN THE SOUTH. 655 Tue Lire History oF THE CATTLE Tick.—tThis is a very important part of the subject, as plans for the eradication of the tick must necessarily be based on its life history which is divided into various periods and stages. ! The preoviposition period, which is from the dropping of the adult tick from the host to the beginning of oviposition, ranges from two to forty days. In summer it is three or four days and in winter over twenty days. | The oviposition period, or the time occupied in egg laying, ranges from six to seventy days. In summer it averages ten or eleven days. In winter it is two or three times as long. The incubation period varies from 17 to 170 days, depending _ upon the temperature and moisture. The weather in July being ordinarily the most favorable. A temperature of 32 degrees F. - for a very short period does not prevent the hatching of viable eggs. Submergence under water does not prevent the hatching of eggs, nor materially change the incubation period. The non-parasitic period is the time which elapses before the tick reaches a host. A few hours after hatching the larval, ticks climb upon blades of grass, sticks or other objects, collecting in masses and waiting for weeks or months for a host. Those de- velop only that attach themselves to cattle, or rarely to a few other animals, as the horse or mule. It is known that these ticks may live without a host from 43 to 180 days. They avoid direct sunlight. . Seed ticks may endure submergence under water from 10 to 157 days. They will survive a freezing temperature for a short period (one hour or more). The parasitic period is the time from attachment to the drop- ping of the tick from the host, and ranges from 21 to 58 days. The average is from 26 to 43 days and is longer in winter than in summer. The principal variation in development occurs in the adult siage. The first molt occurs in from 7 to 12 days, changing from the larval to the nvmphal stage, after which the tick has eight instead of six legs. The second molt occurs in from five to ten 656 W. P. ELLENBERGEFR. days after the first, and is then in the adult stage. The develop- ment in the adult stage may be very rapid. Ticks are quite resistant to both heat and cold, as also are the eggs, but dryness, especially with heat, is destructive to both. Engorged female ticks withstand submergence under water from 24 to 100 hours, after which they may deposit viable eggs. This information regarding the life history of the cattle tick is taken from Bulletin No. 72, by Hunter and Hooker of the Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. Their inves- tigations were conducted far South, and it is likely that the time of the various stages of development of the tick further north is somewhat. different. PLANS For ConDUCTING THE WorK.—Plans and methods which may be formulated for conducting the work of tick eradica- tion must be based upon the life history of the cattle tick to be ef- fective. To carry out such plans and methods it is quite necessary that adequate state laws and regulations be provided, for while many self-sacrificing citizens will voluntarily submit to the necessary expense and inconvenience connected with the disin- fection, and quarantine, and restrictions on the movement of their cattle, others will not observe the instructions of inspectors unless it is plainly shown that inspectors have legal authority to enforce the same. Competent inspectors, and as many of them as possible, should be furnished by the state and county authorities as well as by the government, and the local as well as the Bureau inspectors assigned to duty in the same section should be under the direc- tion of the Bureau office having immediate supervision over such section. This is to avoid the confusion that would result from men receiving orders from two sources. Care should be used by the authorities to select men having the necessary qualifications ; for incompetent and dishonest inspectors are a hindrance instead of a help to the work. The work should be taken up in as large a territory as the 4 Pe e ERADICATION OF CATTLE TICKS IN THE SOUTH. 657 available number of inspectors can satisfactorily cover, beginning in sections where the conditions with reference to the amount of infection, and co-operation of the local authorities and citizens, are most favorable. ‘he favorable sections are usually found adjacent to the free area. Numerous investigations and experiments have been con- ducted by which it has been proved without a doubt that the caitie tick is the only natural means by which Texas fever is transmitted, and that by completely severing the relation between cattle and the ticks the ticks can be exterminated from any lo- cality. A campaign of education is necessary, as it is important that the public should be informed on the subject of tick eradication. This has been done, especially in localities where’the work has been taken up, through the distribution of bulletins and circu- lars, and by short articles in the local papers. The subject is also receiving attention and tick eradication is being urged at nearly all of the Farmers’ Institutes meetings in the quarantined dis- trict, and especially in the district adjacent to the non-infected area. It is surprising after all this has been done that many . cattle owners say to the inspectors, “I don’t believe in the tick theory. Ticks don’t hurt cattle. The ticks have always been here and always will be.” It is learned from experience that but little is accomplished in the matter of educating the average per- son of a community regarding tick eradication until the work is actually taken up there, and then one of the most effective means cf education is the enforcement of the law by prosecuting vio- lators of the regulations. It is found that there are many cattle owners who do not read and who never attend a farmers’ institute meeting. These are reached only by the inspectors. It is obvious, therefore, that in- spectors should be selected who have tact in handling men and who are capable of giving intelligent instructions for the disin- — fection of cattle and premises, and of imparting the information necessary to convince any person of ordinary intelligence that it is to his interest to co-operate in eradicating ticks. 658 W. P. ELLENBERGER. When it is decided to take up the work in a county or section, it should be thoroughly covered by inspectors to locate all the infected ptemises and instruct the owners regarding disinfec- tion. ‘This should not be done before the latter part of the sea- son, preferable during the early fall, for in places where infection spectors should be selected who have tact in handling men and is slight it is likely to be overlooked during the early part of the season, necessitating reinspection later to be sure that all infection is located. All infected premises and cattle should be quarantined and kept under control until disin- fection is accomplished. If, as in some sections, it might not be deemed advisable to put on the quarantine late in the season, a record of all infected premises should be kept and such premises should be quarantined the following spring. The method of disinfection best adapted to each place should be followed, and the owner should be impressed with the necessity of doing thor- ough work in order to accomplish disinfection in the shortest possible time and at the least expense and inconvenience to all concerned. It appears from the experience of inspectors that it is more satisfactory to require the owners to furnish the means of disinfection and to apply-them than for the authorities to fur- nish the disinfectants and have the inspectors do the work, and it is certain that much more can be accomplished with the funds available. Drastic measures must be instituted and must be strictly en- forced to accomplish the eradication of ticks from all premises in a locality within a short time, twelve to eighteen months. This requires a large force of inspectors as it is necessary to make fre- quent inspections of all infected premises to see to the enforce- ment of the quarantine and to the disinfection of the cattle. This js quite difficult especially before sufficient public sentiment is created in favor of the work. It is learned from experience that a large number of the cattle owners of a locality accomplish the eradication of ticks from their premises during the first year’s work and that they ee eee ee ERADICATION OF CATTLE TICKS IN THE SOUTH. 659 ‘ do this whether their cattle are inspected every ten days or only b “once in a few months. It appears, therefore, that much more could be accomplished with the available funds by doing advance work for one or two years in new territory instead of starting out with a large force of inspectors to each county to enforce the. ne 3 1 ESE SRNR WRI drastic measures necessary to accomplish the disinfection ot ali premises within a short time. Such advance work should be done by assigning only one, or possibly two, inspectors to a county with instructions to in- spect the cattle of the county and thus locate the infection, and present the subject of tick eradication to the owners, especially _of infected premises, and instruct them in the best method ot disinfecting their premises. While such new territory would not be covered more than a few times during the first year, much of the infection would be eradicated, and that at little cost, and | public sentiment would be created in favor of the work, making it much easier to enforce disinfection later on the premises of indifferent and careless owners. Various methods have been suggested to free cattle of ticks, _as follows: By picking or brushing them off; by smearing or spraying the animals with a disinfecting solution; by dipping | the ticky animals in a vat containing a solution that will kill the ticks and yet not materially injure the cattle; or by the “ soiling ”’ method. Picking off the ticks, unless at the same time disinfectants are applied, cannot be considered a satisfactory method. Neither is it advisable in hand treating animals to apply disinfectants without first removing the large ticks. The hand treatment of ‘ cattle is quite laborious, especially. when it must be repeatedly done on account of not having tick free pastures on which to _ put the cattle after they are disinfected. It is therefore not applicable for large herds. For large herds, or where several small herds can be collected without too great inconvenience, the plan of dipping should be followed. An emulsion of Beau- mont petroleum is probably the most satisfactory disinfectant. 660 W. P. ELLENBERGER. b The “ soiling ” method, suggested by Curtice, which is based upon the life history of the tick, is the most satisfactory and should always be followed where the conditions are applicable. It consists in placing the cattle in a tick free inclosure for three weeks, then removing them to another tick free inclosure for three weeks more by which time the cattle should be free of ticks, for it is seldcm that they remain on cattle to exceed forty days and probably never except during cold weather. By re- ae taining the cattle not to exceed three weeks in each lot rein-— fection is prevented as sufficient time has not elapsed for any ticks to drop off and lay eggs and the eggs to hatch before the cattle are taken to the next tick free inclosure. Pastures may be freed of ticks by excluding cattle for a definite period, or by cultivation. Whenever it is practicable to do so. cattle should be excluded from infected pastures from June first until late fall, or from September first until late the following spring. Cattle and pastures may be freed of ticks at the same time by pasture rotation or by the “ feed lot’ method, recommended by Morgan, which, like the “ soiling ’’ method, is based upon the length of time the ticks live upon cattle and the time required for the eggs to be laid and hatched and the seed ticks to attach themselves to their hosts. DIFFICULTIES AND Opposition.—The difficulties to be over- come in connection with tick eradication are numerous. It is frequently very difficult to get effective co-operation and support from the local authorities. For instance, in many cases a County Board of Health fears that the work will not prove popular po- litically and consequently the members will refuse to take any action whatever. unless it is vigorously urged by a large number of their prominent farmers and stockmen. This is true even when each member of the board is thoroughly convinced of the importance to his county of giving both his official and his moral support to the work, and of doing his part towards the enforce- ment of the state laws and regulations. It is also exceedingly ' ERADICATION OF CATTLE TICKS IN THE SOUTH. 661 difficult to get loca! authorities to employ competent inspectors. In many instances qualification is not considered at all, which is made apparent by the appointment of cripples and old decrepit men who are wholly incapacitated for such strenuous work. Thorough and systematic work is absolutely necessary, but it is almost impossible to make the average cattle man realize this and to get him to act accordingly. To control and eradicate ticks it is necessary to control the movement of cattle. Consid- erable opposition therefore results from the effort to enforce the necessary regulations in counties and localities where it is the custom to let cattle run at large. This opposition comes mostly from persons who have only one or two cows and from per- sons who have no cattle. The former seem to think they are being unjustly deprived of their rights by not being permitted to let their cows scatter ticks throughout the neighborhood. The latter are composed principally of shyster lawyers looking for clients, and of persons opposed to their county expending any money for such work. Every imaginable objection has been made by owners to the disinfection of their cattle, but only two need be given consider- ation, namely, that there is some expense attached to the purchase of the disinfectant, and that it requires some energy to apply it to the cattle. REsuLTs OBTaINep.—The first aggressive measures were taken against the cattle tick when Congress appropriated $82,- 000 with which to undertake experimental work in co-operation with state authorities, beginning July 1, 1906. The season was far advanced before men could be put in the field, and the work properly organized, and yet a great deal was accomplished that year. For the next fiscal year, ending June 30, 1908, $150,000 was appropriated, and $250,000 has been appropriated for the current fiscal year, ending June 30, 1909. The work has been pushed so far as_ possible with the available funds, and much has been accomplished. : Since July, 1906, 50,000 square miles, in round numbers, 662 W. P. ELLENBERGER. have been disinfected and released from quarantine, and there are 70,000 square miles, in round numbers, under provisional quar- antine from which cattle may be shipped on inspection for pur- poses other than immediate slaughter, but where the work has not yet been completed. The work is now well advanced in a large additional territory. Now that we have had a couple years’ experience, more rapid progress may be expected in the future. _ Vistror—Your horse looks very slick and well rounded out. I suppose that comes from feeding it with punctuality. Boy—No, sir; we don’t feed him anything but oats and al- falfa hay. SECRETARY LyMAN desires to correct the title of the paper announced in the August number of the Review, to be presented at the A. V. M. A. at Chicago by Dr. Geo. H. Berns, from ‘““ Subcutaneous,” to “ Subcartilaginous’’ Abscess of the Foot, he having misread the title as given by Dr. Berns. Cat Saves Its Lire By TRACHEOTOMY.—Tracheotomy is a delicate surgical operation. Even the best of surgeons do not think of performing it on themselves. In that they have been bested by Dr. Ginger, a pet cat in the morgue of Bellevue Hos- pital. Dr. Ginger cut open his throat and windpipe, removed a . long and stout fishbone that was choking him to death slowly and then applied natures salve to heal the wound. The only sur- gical instruments he had were his own sharp claws. He is doing nicely now, and in a few days will be all right again—New York Times, August 3, 1900. CONVERSATION OF BrEs.—In an article on bees and ants by Gaston Bouwer in the Revue Hebdomadaire, the writer contends that these insects carry on conversation among themselves, and that while this is done by means of their feelers, they are not en- tirely dependent upon them. “ A whole colony,” says Mr. Bou- wer, ‘in an ant house or a bee-hive often responds instantane- ously to a signal which may have been given without contact. It is interesting to see an ant laborer for whom a burden is too heavy go to a fellow, make a sign or give a certain touch with his feeler and then see the second insect join the first in lifting or moving the object.” PC Pas ae eset BP cated eee aa - OPPORTUNITIES FOR LIVE STOCK BREEDING IN NEW JERSEY.* By FreprericK C. MINCKLER, PROFESSOR OF ANIMAL HusBANDRY, NEW JERSEY EXPERIMENT STATION, RuTGERS CoLLtecr, NEw Brunswick, N. J. I greatly appreciate this opportunity of meeting with so dis- tinguished a body of live stock experts. An association of pro- fessional men based upon principle and guided by definite pur- poses; an association that has not only planned, but successfully executed various measures of interest and value that are of vast importance to live stock breeders of this state. The present day veterinarian is recognized as a genuine pro- fessional expert. His dealings and relations with the live stock growers or breeders are many, and in all lines of stock raising his talents are in demand and always will be. The real object of this state association of veterinarians is undoubtedly to promote interest in live stock husbandry, this be- ing the purpose, the work is very closely associated with that planned and executed by the animal husbandry division of the various Experiment Stations and Colleges; and surely where there is unified action of intent and purpose the ends desired will surely be reached. I firmly believe that the veterinarians, lo- cated as they are at the leading live stock centers in the various counties, can do a great deal more than any other combination of live stock workers toward encouraging the farmers and breed- ers in producing more useful, as well as more marketable types of farm animals. By means of personal contact and professional advice, it is possible for the veterinarian to meet with the farmer at his own home, and to encourage as well as demonstrate to him the importance of producing only marketable individuals, and to assure him that individuality, as well as blue blood and rich breeding, is one of the secrets of live stock success. The mere * Read before the Twenty-fifth Anniversary Meeting of the Veterinary Medical Asso- ciation of New Jersey, at Atlantic City, July 15-16, 1909. 663 664 FREDERICK C. MINCKLER, enactment of stringent laws, of a questionable character and value, aimed to advance live stock agricultural enterprises is, in my mind, insufficient; for, after all, it is instruction, encourage- ment and sympathy that the farmers and breeders need to-day if real advancement is the result desired. | I maintain that the opportunties for live stock breeding in New Jersey are exceedingly numerous, and that none of the Ikastern States are equally favored as regards markets and facil- ities for transporting farm poducts; and, futhermore, that the present day demand for native New Jersey live stock products greatly exceeds the supply. With such market centers as Phila- delphia on one hand and New York City on the other, and in ad- diticn, the clamor for produce and meats from the vast number of popular coast cities that demand first-class and high-priced live stock products there is an outlet for a great many farm products that the New Jersey farmer does not begin to supply at the pres- ent time. The argument has been presented at various times that the Eastern States'cannot compete successfully with the corn belt states and those of the far west in producing live stock for either market or breeding purposes. The reason given being (1) that our pasture season is necessarily short; that the insect pests are exceedingly destructive; that the winters are somewhat se- vere and (2) that the grain products necessary in the producing of salable live stock are by far too expensive and high priced for the farmer and breeder to purchase and attempt to successfully compete with the idea] natural resources that are to be found in the Middle West. For the present let me challenge the truth of this argument. I will admit that our fences are poor; that our soil has to be fed almost with a spoon before it will produce crops; that we do not have the abundant supply of palatable green pastures that is found, but scarcely appreciated in the West, and furthermore, that we do not produce the acreage of grain per farm that is to be found in the West, but in spite of these draw- backs the value per acre of farm products, including corn in this state, greatly exceeds the estimates recorded per acre for the LIVE-STOCK BREEDING IN NEW JERSEY. 665 : West, and the additional cost of production is more than met by our splendid markets. Last year according to statistics fur- : nished by the Agricultural Departments of the various states, New Jersey ranked second in bushels of corn per acre when com- parison was made with all of the states in the Union. It has been said, and rightly so, that “ any person that can plow and harrow can farm in the West, but it takes a man with brains and ingenuity to till successfully and profitably in the | New Jersey soil,’ for these and other reasons | am thoroughly convinced that the New Jersey farmers and live stock breeders have agricultural opportunities that excel in many ways those that face the Western farmer; and that the real problem is only a matter of educating the tillers of the soil to such a degree that they will utilize their brains as well as their muscles. To be a successful breeder of live stock is an attainment well worth while. The fundamental principles involved are many and difficult. In order to win any measure of success in producing any class of animals the breeder must first decide definitely upon what race or breed of animals he is desirous of producing, then “study ihe market types until he is able to fix firmly in his mind _an ideal type. This being done he must exercise his talents and ingenuity to the highest degree in realizing and fixing this ideal _ type. The “ Old Country’ farmers have established a world-wide reputation as breeders. The Scottish farmer is noted for pro- ducing the Clydesdale horse and the Highland sheep; the Irish farmer is famous for producing the Irish hunter; the English farmer stands out in a class by himself as a Shorthorn breeder, ° —_— = while the French farmer is famous because he is largely respon- sible for the type of the present day Percheron horse. If you. will go on further to the Island of Guernsey, you will find noth- ing in the cattle line but Guernsey cattle; cross the channel to the Isle of Jersey, you find nothing but the famous Jersey cow, and so on throughout all of these countries you find groups of farmers in each section famous because they have directed their 666 FREDERICK C. MINCKLER, ) energies toward producing a single class or breed of farm ani- mals, and not meddled indiscriminately with a half-dozen types s and breeds. In my judgment the greatest drawback to the live stock | breeders in New Jersey is caused by their indecision as regards any particular class or breed of live stock; and that in their many attempts to produce a combination animal their efforts are al- most failures. We have in New Jersey farmers and breeders that are especially skillful in the raising of horses, but in many cases they are not producing the most profitable type. Speed rather than utility has been the guiding principle and the residue is surely a misfit aggregation. An animal bred especially for speed and failing to possess or inherit the quality is of little value as a farm work horse, and when classified at the market centers is designated rightly as “ trash.” I am thoroughly convinced that the farmer’s horse is the draft horse, and that the average farmer cannot afford to pro- duce any other type for use as a farm work horse. Two years ago I visited a great many farmers in New Jersey with the idea of obtaining information relative to the live stock being produced by the average farmer. I found that not one in fifty that were being used upon the farms were actually raised in New Jersey; that the average farmer instead of using brood mares of the draft type on his farm was keeping three or four of the misfit mongrel, weasel-bellied variety; individuals that were in many cases too light for farm work; too unsightly for market, by far too ner- vous for available farm help to manage and were being used on the farm simply because they were a failure from a speed or road standpoint and could not be sold at a profitabie figure when placed on the market. In a few cases the farmers were producing the heavy type of-draft horses, and it is needless to say that their experience from a profit standpoint was more encour- aging. It is not my intention, or desire, to say one word against the producing of the Roadster or the Thoro-bred horse, but I have ee es a ad C LIVE-STOCK BREEDING IN NEW JERSEY. 667 : always maintained that the farmer’s horse is the draft horse; - that cross-breeding, or indiscriminate mating of the light horse type with the average run of farm mares is undesirable and un- profitable, and that the farmer cannot afford to spend the time, gc to the expense of breaking, educating and mating the speed class of horses when he can produce farm work horses by using pure bred draft stallions on grade or pure bred draft mares that will result in fixing a type of farm horses that will always be in demand on the market where they readily sell without argument at profit sharing prices. Blemishes and unsoundness detract less from their value; they can be marketed unbroken, young and green, providing they have the necessary weight, are of a drafty conformation, and can handle heavily loaded truck wagons with ease and grace. There is, however, a splendid outlet for fancy roadsters and -coachers and fabulous prices are often paid for real top-notchers ; but the farmer seldom obtains these high figures simply because he does not have the time to sufficiently educate, mate, break and handle this type of animal and it seems to me that the produc- tion of this class of horses can best be left to the special breeder or horseman who has the talent, experience and ability to breed and market them first-handed. I know of no state that offers greater inducements for this class of breeders than is found in New Jersey. 3 The experiences of our most successful breeders af horses, however, of any class teaches us that the breeding sire in order to be of the most good in the stud must be possessed of both indi- viduality and breeding. The pedigreed scrub, as well as the in- truding grade mongrel, has done a great deal to discourage horse breeding in this state. A great many of the stallions that are of- fered for service in this state would scarcely qualify as profitable selling geldings if emasculated, and it is extremely difficult for me to imagine a breeding sire in his prime that will be a noted — success in the stud if he lacks those external evidences of utility and conformation. such as will enable him to classify on the mar- ket as a salable market type. 668 FREDERICK C. MINCKLER, Up to September I, 1908, there were no restrictions as to type, individuality or breeding of the stallions offered for public service in this state. he worst mongrel of a beast was permitted to proceed unmolested in the breeding pen, and as a result of this cheap service a large number of colts were foaled that were noth- ing but misfit youngsters, animals that were unprofitable, unsightly and otherwise undesirable. The Stallion Examining and Regis- tration Board, after holding regular examinations in each of the several counties in the state during the past year, report as fol- lows: Of a total of 282 stallions examined 42, or I5 per cent., were found to be unsound and otherwise undesirable to recom- mend for breeding purposes. One hundred and nineteen of the 241 licensed weie of pure breeding and registered, while 122 are licensed as grades, and in many cases these grades have scarcely a trace of known blood or desirable breeding in their veins. Of the stallions disqualified a great many of them lack unmercifully in individuality, their lineage was absolutely unknown and their services were peddled at prices ranging from $1.50 to $10. It would seem from these figures that the New Jersey breeders are in some cases losing sight of the value of pure bred sires, for in one county the records show seven pure bred and registered stal- lions and twenty-five grade sires in service. Further examina- tion shows that the stallions now in service as regards to breeds and types are as follows: Roadster 149, Draft 49, Coach 11, Arabian 1, Morgan 4, Hackney 12, Jacks 14, Ponies 1. That a great deal of good will result from this legislation there is no question. It will be necessary, however, to have the co-operation of all of the live stock workers in the state that are interested in elevating New Jersey horse breeding interests to the front if the greatest good is to result to the breeders them- selves. The veterinarian can do a great deal toward eliminating the mongrel stallions and advising the breeders to only mate such individuals that will, in his judgment, perpetuate desirable traits. The eleven stallions that were recently imported by the Live Stock Commission are now stationed in eleven different counties Bs i ipa ats A f LIVE-STOCK BREEDING IN NEW JERSEY. 669 _ where their services are available through farmers breeders’ as- ' sociations, and it is gratifying indeed to note the appreciation that the farmers in the various sections are exhibiting, and the efforts that they are exertng to secure the services of these stal- lions. The farmers are permitted to mate only draft mares with the heavy draft stallions, and in many cases where the farmers or members of the breeders’ associations do not own mares that will pass the examination for soundness, or will classify as to type, they are purchasing brood mares for the specific purpose of using the heavy draft stallions. Over three hundred and fifty mares have been bred to date to the state stallions now in service, and it is hoped in this way to encourage the farmers to produce a more useful as well as more marketable type of farm horse. The breeders of cattle in our state must produce only repre- sentatives of the dairy breeds, for I doubt the success of making beef profitably in a dairy section. To my knowledge there is only one herd of strictly beef cattle in the state, and so far they have only been a means of expense and experience to the owner. We are in a position to supply dairy products to the greatest milk and butter markets in the world, and in doing this the farmer must use only the best types of profitable dairy cows. There is a great difference between a dairy farmer and a cow dealer, also between the cow dealer and the cattle breeder. In many cases the cow-dealer dairymen are maintaining nothing but animal board- ing barns. They are feeding far too many unprofitable cows with five and ten dollar bills, which means that they must resort to some other type of cow in order to secure funds that will repay them for the labor exerted. The cow breeders must not be com- pared with the cow dealer, for the cow dealer looks upon cows as mere cows, whose soul purpose is to produce a certain num- ber of pounds of milk per year; while the breeder’s aim must be improvement, and he cannot be satisfied with an average yield of milk, for his purpose is to wmprove the type as well as the function of the animal. The farmer-dairyman who neglects his cows during the summer season to care for his farm usually ne- 670 FREDERICK C. MINCKLER, glects his farm to care for his cows during the balance of the year. Asa result neither proposition will pay, and he concludes that farming or dairying is an unprofitable enterprise. It is unfortunate, however, that the dairymen in New Jersey are not producing, or raising, their own cows. Ina great many cases the dairymen depend entirely upon the New York state drover, or their neighbors, to supply them with dairy cows to replenish their herd, and as a result of this practice they often. keep a cow a year or more before they find out definitely whether she is a profitable animal or a mere boarder. The most successful dairymen in the state are those who raise their own heifer calves, the result of mating their very best cows with a pure bred sire, whose family record is a milk record and whose individuality em- phasizes his being able to perpetuate the milk making functions. The mere freshening of a dairy cow by a mongrel, or scrub, sire with nothing to recommend him but his ambition is certainly a practice that should be condemned. It has been demonstrated time and again in this state by successful dairymen that a heifer raised on the farm, the result of such mating will produce as much milk during the first year of her lactation as the average cow will produce that is purchased of the cow dealer or drover for the same amount of money that it requires to raise this heifer until she freshens for the first time. The second year she invariably does better and gradually comes to her prime and in- creases in value each year, while a great many of the purchased | cows are mere “‘ transient boarders.’’ Our farmers should surely raise their own choice heifer calves; keep accurate milk records of all cows and maintain nothing in the herd that is not a profitable producer of milk or butter, and the only way to own such a dairy is to breed the animals on our farms. Opportunity is afforded and success assured in producing aay live stock product where there is a growing public demand made by a wealthy class of people for a certain commodity that can be readily produced, regularly and easily placed on a steady ‘market where the prevailing prices insure reasonable profits. It Ne a ee ed, aOR alae ee LIVE-STOCK BREEDING IN NEW JERSEY. 671 is evident that there is an increased and popular demand for th oice: and especially early marketed mutton among the upper classes of people in our larger cities, and of late it has been im- possible to meet this want in season. People in general have been educated to appreciate choice meats, and only recently the common prejudice against the so-called “ flavor’ of mutton has subsided. I have visited several hundred farms in this state in an at- tempt to find out as far as possible the actual conditions affecting, chiefly, the live stock farmer. It was possible in this way to meet with the farmer on his own farm and talk over matters of interest relative. to the particular class of stock he was raising. While comparatively few were found that could be termed large mutton producers, yet in every instance where sheep were found the owner frankly and willingly admitted that for the money invested and the food ccnsumed his sheep and lambs yielded by far the largest profits and required the least care of any live stock on his farm. In support of these statements the chief reasons given were: First, their superior grazing qualities and ability to thrive and be content on pastures unsuitable to either cattle or horses; second, the fact that they willingly consumed all kinds of rough fodders not readily eaten by other animals without subjecting them to expensive methods of preparation; third, their superior weed-destroying habits and likings; fourth, added fertility to the soil andthe equal distribution of same; fifth, that they required less labor during the busy season, less expensive winter quarters and yielded salable products always in demand at local markets at good prices. The greatest difficulties seemed to be: First, lack of proper fences: second, destruction from stray dogs; third, inability to purchase from the drover store ewes with good mouths that were sure and regular breeders; and fourth, a scar- city of experienced shearers in season. It is readily seen that the desirable features greatly outnumber the objectionabie ones; and furthermore, it was found that the more successful breeders have almost solved the stray difficulties mentioned. we 72 FREDERICK C. MINCKLER. On the one hand, the farmers depend entirely on the local or visiting drover for his breeding ewes, which means that he buys western or southern culls varying in age and condition. Usually they are very common, if not inferior in breeding, and very often the purchaser finds that they are old and will not breed nor even fatten under the changed conditions. It is not tncommon that such ewes are mated with a scrub ram of unknown breeding, re- gardless of his condition or vigor. The ewes are not “ flushed ” nor conditioned in any way and no special feeds nor extra care or quarters furnished until weaning time when all hands are required to care for the flock. The lambs are sold as soon as possible, also the entire flock of ewes disposed of after being shorn and slightly “warmed up” by the use of a little grain and cheap roughage. The only representative of the flock that is kept over from year to year is the unsightly scrub ram, and he must make his way by working the tread power. The other practice which is far more pest consists in selecting the choice twin-bearing ewes and keeping them in the flock during their usefulness, gradually culling them by rigid selection and reinforcing the flock each year by the additions of the choicest ewe lambs weaned from the most prolific and heav- iest milking mothers. In this way it is possible to increase the number of lambs dropped, which, in turn means more profits. Instead of the mongrel ram, a pure-bred sire heads the flock and the lambs are more growthy, mature earlier and show the results of their better breeding in many ways. The ewes are regularly flushed before breeding, either by the addition of grain to the ration or by changing them over to a fresh pasture, thus insur- ing a more uniform settling among the ewes. The profits re- sulting from this method were surprising. It is to be regretted that so few sheep raisers in this state pretend to raise or grow their breeding ewes. An offer of $5 or possibly $10 for a youngster that can be easily carried under their arm tempts the growers to part with them regardless of their future value. The mere buying of culled or discarded ewes LIVE-STOCK BREEDING IN NEW JERSEY. 673 ' from the extreme south or west does not insure profits in lamb or - mutton production; but the selecting and maintaining of the - choicest twin ewe lambs from tried and known heavy milking mothers as foundation stock or breeders, is sure to result in more 4 successful practice for the shepherd. The New Jersey farmer is interested in that class of live stock that can be cared for at the least expense, and it must be admitted on all sides that a flock of ewes require less attention than the dairy herd, and as a machine for converting feed-stuffs into salable products the ewe ranks even above the dairy cow, being able to put firm flesh on her back, loin and leg as cheaply as the cow makes milk, and besides, offers her fleece as addi- tional evidence of her superior feeding qualities. It was further noticed that the farms on which the flocks were kept from year to year needed far less commercial fertilizer; that there were fewer noxious and troublesome weeds, and that the physical condition of the soil was superior both as regards tilth and pro- ductiveness. A successful shepherd must like his business and have con- fidence in the ability of his charges to grow and yield profits, and must know sooner or later the value of rigid selection and regu- lar culling; also, the importance of using only pure-bred utility sires. Mere keeping of sheep without caring for them is poor business, and the party who follows this practice. ought to fail, for it is doubtful if any class of farm animals require more de- voted attention than is demanded by the ewe during the lamb- ing season, especially if it is during the winter, as a few dead lambs killed by mere neglect often makes the difference between success and failure. We have in this state ideal conditions for the raising of sheep and early lambs. The pastures for the most part are high and dry, thus free from parasites often troublesome in low marshy districts. There is an abundance of hilly grass land, too rough and stony to cultivate, that will grow luxuriant grass and forage 674 FREDERICK C. MINCKLER, for the flock while their browsing tendencies increase their value as animals to have about the farm. The whole question of opportunities or profits in the live stock breeding operations in this state rests with the individual farmer himself. We have the necessary markets, splendid graz- ing pastures, and can produce any variety of feed and roughage necessary or desirable for their maintenance. Our depleted farms will welcome the added fertility that the live stock will furnish — and the fertilizer proposition is a very important one for the New Jersey farmer to consider. If our farmers have a liking for live stock and wil! carefully select. properly feed and intelligently breed the choicest types of any of the various breeds that thrive in this state, there is nd doubt but that the Garden State of New Jersey offers opportunities for the breeder of either horses, cattle, sheep or swine. Dr. H. D. Ropman, of Kentucky, recently paid $2,525.00 at public auction for the imported Jersey cow Oxford’s Fon- taine 224580. She is 7 years old. Oxford Ixia, of St. Saviour 213909, also 7 years old, went to A. M. Bowman, of Virginia, at $2,225.00.—Horn and Hoof, July, 1909. | A NEw use for the bicycle pump has been discovered by a lad near O’Brien, Wash. He inflated the udders of four dry cows, and sold them to an unsuspecting dairyman as fresh ones. It does not speak well for the dairy knowledge of the buyer to be duped by such an easily detected swindle. A casual exam- ination would have detected the presence of air in the cows’ bags.—Horn and Hoof, June, 1909. Mr. Brt~tincs Rrpes tN Russra.—A dispatch from Moscow says that the trotting races there one Sunday were given addi- tional importance by an exhibition of Mr. G. K. Billings’ trotters. Lou Dillon, driven by her trainer, made a splendid showing, while Terle, ridden by Mr. Billings, gave a perform- ance which greatly interested Russian sportsmen. Trotting under saddle is unusual in Russia. ‘The ladies among the spec- tators threw flowers at the horses. The trotting society gave a banquet in honor of Mr. Billings and presented him with a lov- ing cup.—The Rider and Driver, July 24, 1909. ae eee a ae a ee en ee a Fe ae a TUBERCULOSIS AND ITS RELATION TO THE PRODUCTION OF SANITARY MILK.* By Louis A. Ktern, Deputy STATE VETERINARIAN OF PENNSYLVANIA. To be honestly called sanitary, milk must be free from disease- producing bacteria, as well as free from the fermentative and putrefactive germs and dirt. Unfortunately, however, the term has been loosely used and has lost its definite meaning. Milk produced with more than ordinary care to keep it clean, with little or no regard to the health of the cattle, is sold under the name of sanitary milk and, in some instances, ordinary market milk is sold under the same designation. Sanitary milk, prop- erly so-called, however, is milk that does not contain any of the disease-producing bacteria and that is comparatively free from the. fermentative and putrefactive bacteria and dirt. The tu- bercle bacillus being one of the disease-producing organisms, the first point to be considered in discussing the relation of tubercu- losis to the production of sanitary milk is whether or not tubercle bacilli may pass from the body of a cow afflicted with tuber- culosis into the milk. In the beginning, the tubercle ‘bacilli i in the body of a diseased animal are to be found only in the diseased areas in the affected organs', surrounded or hemmed in by a collection of small bodies known as cells, which. have apparently collected there for the purpose of shutting off or limiting the effects of the bacilli. In this stage the bacilli cannot leave the body. The cow will show no symptoms of disease externally, but will react to the tubercu- lin test. The diseased area gradually extends and later the tis- sue dies and breaks down into a soft cheesy mass. If the exten- sion of the diseased area has involved or embraced blood vessels or the natural channels or tubes or canals common to the various organs, small particles of the cheesy substance containing tu- * Read before the South Carolina Live Stock Association, Feb. 4, 1909. 675 676 LOUIS A. KLEIN, bercle bacilli may enter these tubes or canals and be carried by the fluids or air currents flowing within them to other parts of the body or to the exterior of the animal. For example, if a tuberculous area in one of the lungs ex- tends into a small vein, particles of the broken down tissue con- taining tubercle bacilli may pass into the vein and be carried by the blood stream to the udder, and be deposited there, or it may pass out with the milk. In the latter event, the milk will be temporarily virulent, if it is deposited in the tissues of the ud- der, another area of tuberculosis is likely to develop here, which in its gradual extension may open into one of the gland cavities or milk cisterns, discharging into these cavities broken down tis- sue and tubercle bacilli which are subsequently drawn off with the milk. Milk from a cow in which the udder is affected with tuber- culosis nearly always contains tubercle bacilli and. will usually transmit the disease to animals consuming it in the raw state. The udder in such cases may not to the casual observer be mani- festly diseased. Compared with the pronounced symptoms seen in the disease of the udder commonly known as garget, the symptoms of tuberculosis of the udder are not very noticeable. Only a small area of the gland tissue need be affected with tuber- culosis to insure a more or less continual introduction of tubercle bacilli into the milk, and the external signs of the presence of the diseased area may be so slight as to be detected only by care- ful and repeated examinations. Tuberculosis of the udder is at- tended with some swelling of the affected quarter, but the swell- ing or enlargement develops slowly and gradually. It is not hot and painful as in garget, and, moreover, the milk may not be perceptibly changed for three or four weeks after the disease be- gins in the udder. Cases have been observed in which no pro- nounced change has occurred in the milk until eight and ten weeks.? Careful and repeated examinations at frequent inter- vals are necessary to discover udder tuberculosis in the early stage. Later on, when the enlargement of the diseased quarter has reached its full development, and the affected quarter has TUBERCULOSIS AND ITS RELATION TO MILK. 677 become hard and nodular, and the milk has been replaced by a yellowish or reddish watery fluid containing clumps and flakes, _ it is readily detected, although even then it may be confused with _ garget by inexperienced observers. : Usually, when the udder is tuberculous the disease exists in _ other organs in the body* and has sometime previously reached the stage in which clumps of diseased tissue containing tubercle bacilli enter the blood vessels or other natural channels and are _ carried to various parts of the body. Therefore, udder tuber- - culosis, in the later stages at least, is usually attended with a . poor general condition. It is possible, however, for tubercle _ bacilli to pass through the opening in the teat up into the gland _ and set up the disease in the udder primarily, but this is not the _ usual channel of infection. In 119 cases of tuberculosis of the _ udder examined post-mortem by Lungwitz*, other organs were _ also diseased in every case. The udder is more frequently affected with tuberculosis than is generally realized. In 1,200 tuberculous cattle examined post- _ mortem in Pennsylvania, nearly all of which were dairy cows, _ Pearson® found the udder affected with tuberculosis in 104, or 5.75 per cent. Statistics compiled by Ostertag from the records of tuberculous cattle slaughtered in the Berlin abattoir show that in cows in which tubercle bacilli have been discharged into the blood channel at one time or another during life, the udder is tuberculous in 5 to 10 per cent. of the cases.® Milk from cows in which the udder does not show any ex- ternal symptoms of disease, but which are affected with tuber- culosis of other organs has been found to contain tubercle bacilli in numerous instances. The results obtained in experiments with the milk of such cows show that the milk may produce tubercu- losis in experimental animals to which it is fed or into which it is injected when the udder is not apparently diseased, but there was a marked variation in the percentage of cattle found to give virulent milk in the different experiments. Ernst’ tested the milk from 36 cows and found that the milk of 12, or 33 1-3 per cent. produced tuberculosis in experimental animals. The milk 678 LOUIS A. KLEIN, of 49 cows was examined by Ostertag’ and the milk of only one of the animals inoculated with this cow’s milk developed the dis- ease. The results obtained by other investigators are between these two extremes, but differ more or less widely. This disagree- ment in results is due to the fact that some of the experiments were made before the tuberculin test was known, to the differ- ences in the location, extent and distribution of the disease in the cattle used in the experiments, and also to the fact-that the con- ditions under which the experiments were conducted did not in all cases provide against the possibility of tubercle bacilli enter- ing the milk after it was drawn from the udder, an occurrence by no means unlikely as we shall see later. There is one point, however, on which the experimental re- sults are in agreement and that is, that the tuberculous cows with apparently healthy udders which are most likely to excrete tu- bercle bacilli are those in which the disease is advanced and more or less extensive and manifested by external signs or symp- toms. The records contain the results of the examination of the milk of 51 such cows and the milk from 13 of them, or 25 per cent., transmitted the disease. Tuberculous cows in which the disease is not manifested by any external signs and in which the disease can only be detected by the tuberculin test may also excrete tubercle bacilli in their milk, but much less frequently than cows with tuberculous ud- ders or which are in the advanced stages of the disease. In just what proportion of such cows we may expect to find the milk virulent cannot be definitely stated. Here again, the condition will depend upon the location, extent and stage of the tubercu- lous areas, and in these points the tuberculin test gives no infor- mation. The tuberculous cow which can be discovered only by the tuberculin test, while not entirely unlikely to infect the milk with tubercle bacilli, is the least dangerous of the three classes of tuberculous cattle we have considered, and where, for any rea- son, the tuberculin test cannot be applied to an infected. dairy herd, a great improvement can be made in the sanitary condition ee oe ; os TUBERCULOSIS AND ITS RELATION TO MILK. 679 i of the milk by prompt removal of cows from the milking line — which show symptoms of udder tuberculosis or any external signs of the disease, and attention to hygenic conditions and cleanliness. The objection to the tuberculin test that it discovers the disease in cattle when they are only very slightly affected and would still be useful as dairy animals for a time 1s, there- fore, not an excuse for failure to make any improvement in the sanitary condition of the milk supplies of cities and towns. Milk which is free from tubercle bacilli when drawn from the udder of the cow may become infected during milking or in sub- sequent handling. The experiments of Gaffky and Eber in Ger- many and of Schroeder® in this country have shown that tubercle bacilli may be present in large numbers in the manure of tuber- culous cows which do not exhibit any external symptoms of the disease and in which the infection can be discovered only by the tuberculin test. This can occur even when the disease does not exist in the digestive organs. The greater portion of the sputum coughed up by the cow afflicted with tuberculosis of the lungs is swallowed and leaves the body with the manure. The bacilli contained in this material are not apparently affected by the acids of the stomach or the other digestive fluids. Tubercle bacilli fed in water to healthy cattle were found in the manure on microscopical examination and experimental animals inoculated with a small quantity of the manure died of tuberculosis. Par- ticles of the manure may readily fall into the milk from the body surface of the cow during milking, and some of the manure which drops on the floor or is spattered on the fittings may be- come dry and powdered and rise in the air as dust and fall into the milk pail. I£ the manure contains tubercle bacilli the milk will become infected. Schroeder inoculated experimental ani- mals with manure from four cows which showed no evidence of tuberculosis except a reaction to the tuberculin test and found that the manure of three contained virulent tubercle bacilli. He then soiled milk from healthy cows with about as much manure from these three cows as would get into it-in a dairy barn of average cleanliness and injected the milk into experimental ani- 680 LOUIS A. KLEIN. mals, with the result that most of these animals developed tuber- culosis. It is not unusual to find particles of manure in market milk, Of 172 samples of milk collected in Washington, 121 con- tained a sediment consisting partly of cow manure. When the uterus, or womb, is affected with tuberculosis, tubercle bacilli may pass out from this organ through the vulva and may gain access to the milk after it is drawn from the udder in the same manner as the bacilli discharged with the manure. According to the statistics of Pearson® the uterus is diseased in| 5-5 per cent. of the dairy cows affected with tuberculosis, a suf- ficient number to render this source of infection worthy of con- sideration. In tuberculosis of the lungs, when the diseased tis- sue is dead and broken down, the mucous fluids passing out of the nasal cavities and mouth may contain tubercle bacilli. As has been stated a large part of the sputum coughed up by a cow in this condition is swallowed and passed out with the manure, but the experiments of Pearson and Ravenel’? in Pennsylvania show that some of the infectious material is coughed out and some also passes out with the saliva. By attaching a specially constructed bag to the muzzle of tuberculous cows to collect the material coming from the mouth and nostrils of such animals they found that sputum and particles of diseased tissue from the lungs and bronchial tubes were projected by coughing cows, while only saliva came from cows that did not cough, and upon examining these materials they discovered that in all of them the sputum, particles of diseased tissue and saliva, contained tu- bercle bacilli. During the act of coughing or bellowing the fluids of the mouth and nasal chambers may be thrown out in the form of a spray of small, invisible droplets of fluid, and any sputum or particles of diseased tissue in these fluids will pass out with them. They may be deposited on the food of another animal, or they may fall on the floor or stall fittings and be licked up by another animal or become dry and pulverized and pass into the air as dust. If these fluids contain tubercle bacilli, as was the case with the animals used in the experiment, there is not only a chance of the milk produced in the barn becoming in- TUBERCULOSIS AND 1TS RELATION TO MILK. 681 fected, but also of animals contracting the disease from eating the contaminated feed or licking up the discharged materials or licking surfaces contaminated with them. The lungs are dis- eased in 50 to 60 per cent. of the cattle afflicted with tubercu- losis. These organs are more affected than any other. Pearson and Ravenel also tound that scrapings made from feed boxes used by tuberculous catile would transmit tuberculosis when in- jected into experimental animals. Another experiment by the Same investigators demonstrated that tubercle bacilli are not thrown off to any extent with the breath expired by tuberculous cattle. Twelve experimental animals were kept for 24% to 26 hours under such conditions that the air they breathed was largely composed of the breath exhaled by tuberculous cows and none of them contracted the disease, although tubercle bacilli were found in the saliva and sputum coughed out by some of the cows. The infection of milk with the tubercle bacilli in the manure from tuberculous cows, in the discharge from the uterus, or in the saliva and the material coughed up from the lungs will be largely influenced by the structure and the lighting and ven- tilation of the barn, the degree of cleanliness of the barn and the cows, and the kind of milk pail used. Barns with smooth floors, walls and ceilings can be kept cleaner and with less trouble than those in which these structures are rough and uneven. Light also induces cleanliness by exposing the dirt while the sunlight admitted to well-lighted barns assists in drying the ex- cretions and facilitates their removal. Proper ventilation re- moves the dust-laden atmosphere and replaces it with the cleaner air from the outside. In such a barn there will be less dust in the air. and hence fewer bacteria, than in an unclean, poorly ven- tilated barn. | The condition of the cows with regard to cleanliness, as well as the time at which they are cleaned, has a marked effect upon the amount of manure and other dirt in the milk. At the Illinois Experiment Station® it was determined that milk drawn from dirty, unwashed udders contained ninety times as much dirt as milk drawn from udders that had been washed, about 1/40 of fap) (FA) ho LOUIS A. KLEIN, an ounce of dirt being in the milk from the unwashed udder. If it be true, as has been stated, that one-half of the dirt falling into milk is dissolved, this only represents half the actual quantity in the dried state. A large proportion of this material consists of particles of manure. In a test at the Storr’s Experiment Sta- tion it was shown that when the udder and flanks were reason- ably clean and the udder was wiped with a damp cloth before milking, the milk contained only one-tenth of the number of bacteria found in it when the wiping was omitted. Cleaning or brushing the cows immediately before milking will greatly in- crease the amount of dirt and the number of bacteria in the milk. ‘The covered milk pail reduces the dirt and bacteria about one-half. ' : The facts which have been related show how tubercle bacilli. may pass from tuberculous cows into the milk. It may now be of interest to know to what extent tubercle bacilli are found in milk as it is delivered to the consumer. I have examined the records of the examinations of samples of milk collected in four- teen cities in other countries and in two cities in the United States. The number of samples collected in foreign cities amounted to 1,271, and the percentage found to contain virulent tubercle bacilli varied in the different cities from 2.8 per cent. to 56 per cent. The two American cities included in the records are Boston and Washington. In Boston twenty-five rabbits were inoculated with samples of milk collected from city dairies and 3, or I2 per cert., developed tuberculosis. The examinations in Washington have been much more extensive. Mohler’? exam- ined 73 samples of milk and found 2, or 2.7 per cent., to contain virulent tubercle bacilli, © Anderson’? examined 272 samples, of which 49, or 18 per cent., killed the experi- mental animals with peritonitis or other acute disease before © there was time for tuberculosis to develop, leaving only 223 to be tested for virulent tubercle bacilli. Of this number 15, or 6.72 per cent., produced tuberculosis in experimental animals. Milk from 104 dairies was also examined by Anderson, the milk from each dairy being examined separately. The experimental ani- ee ee ee TUBERCULOSIS AND ITS RELATION TO MILK. 683 e mals injected with milk from two of the dairies died with acute - disease before tuberculosis could develop. The milk from eleven of the other 102 dairies was found to contain virulent tubercle bacilli. These figures should not be understood as indicating exactly the frequency of tubercle bacilli in milk. In these ex- periments it sometimes happens that when two animals are in- oculated with the same sample of milk one develops tuberculosis and the other does not, showing that the bacilli are not evenly distributed. ‘The virulence of infected milk is also affected by the amount of non-virulent: milk with which it may be mixed. Gebhart,’ for example, found that milk that would infect guinea pigs with tuberculosis whom injected undiluted, or when diluted with 20 parts of non-virulent milk, would not set up. the disease when 50 parts of non-virulent milk were added to one part of the virulent milk. The results obtained by him should not be considered as final, however, as each dilution of milk was tested on only one experimental animal. Aside from its hygienic influence in the production of milk, tuberculosis is also of great economic importance. Almost every animai that is afflicted with tuberculosis is killed by the disease sooner or later. Usually death does not occur for months or years after the animal is infected, and this characteristic ot the disease, together with the peculiarity that it may exist in a herd for some time and make considerable progress before its pres- ence is suspected, is responsible for the failure to realize its real nature in many cases. If the disease killed quickly its distinctive character would be more generally recognized and the loss it causes would be much reduced. The value of the animals it de- stroys is only one item of loss. In many cases, cattle are af- flicted with tuberculosis a long time before they are known to be diseased and for a part of this time at least feed is necessary » not onlv to maintain the body against the normal wear and tear, and to produce milk, but also to overcome as much as possible the additional wear and tear due to the ravages of the disease. How much additional feed may be required for the latter pur- pose cannot be stated, but whatever the amount it is a total loss. 684 LOUIS A. KLEIN, In many cases where account has been taken of the amount of feed given to a cow and the milk received has been weighed it has been found that the cow was not paying for its keep, much iess making a profit for the owner. — In localities where what are known as cow testing associations are in operation, entire herds have been found where the value of milk received was not sut- ficient to pay for the feed consumed. While in many such cases the character of the cows, the kind of feed given, or the method of milking or caring for the cows has suggested a reason for the - result, the probability of the presence of tuberculosis and its in- fluence upon the productiveness of the cows must also be given consideration. A very common complaint from owners of tu- berculous cows is: ‘‘ The yield of milk does not correspond to the cost of keep,” or “ They eat well, but the feed does not seem to do them any good and they are falling off in milk.” These statements are quotations from letters recently received from two. owners of dairy herds. Decrease of the milk flow, in spite of generous feeding, is often one of the first effects of the disease noticed by the owner. When a herd is extensively infected with tuberculosis there are nearly always some cows that stop breeding and become ‘chronic bullers.”” These not only cause considerable annoy- ance, but are also fed at a loss. Cows in which the disease is advanced may akon their calves, or if the calves are carried the full term and born alive they are likely to be weak and unprofitable. Tuberculosis in a herd also limits the market for young stock. Tuberculosis in cattle is a disease that is widespread, and it should receive the careful con- sideration of every dairyman and cattle owner. It is not a sub- ject of interest only to the individual owners of infected herds. Every tuberculous cow that is sold or is sent to market influences in a measure the general market value of cattle. If a dairyman buying fresh cows finds that a certain number are likely to de- velop the disease, he must take these losses into consideration in fixing the purchase price, or by subject to the tuberculin test, or he cannot continue in business. If the packer has a certain per- oe ee TUBERCULOSIS AND ITS RELATION TO MILK. 685 _ centage of animals condemned on account of disease the loss sus- tained must be taken off the market price of the live animals or attached to the seliing price of the meat and other products. The cattle in the older countries of Europe are more exten- Sively diseased than in the United States. According to Bang? one-half to three-fourths of the herds in Denmark are infected. McFadyean® estimates that 20 per cent. of the cattle in England are tuberculous, an opinion which is confirmed by the fact that 33 per cent. of the cattle examined in Great Britain in one year for impcrtation to the United States were found to be affected with the disease. In Germany tuberculosis is quite as prevalent. While the disease is less extensive in this country, it appears to be gradually increasing. This is shown by the records of the post-mortem cxeminations made by the veterinary inspectors of the U. S. Bureau of Animal Industry of animals slaughtered in the abattoirs under government inspection. While the number of cattle examined in 1908'° was less than double the number examined in 190811, nearly six times as many carcasses were cendemned for tuberculosis in 1908 as in 1900. The increase of tuberculosis in hogs is even greater. The increase in the number of hogs examined in 1908 over 1900 was a trifle in excess of one- third, while the number of carcasses condemned on account of tuberculosis was seventeen times greater in 1908 than in 1900. These figures do not take into account those animals in which the disease was so localized or limited that only a part was con- demned; if these were included even greater increases would be shown. | A very large number of these cattle and hogs came from the Central. Western. states; another portion from the West and Southwest, and only a small number from east and south of the Ohio river. In the Central Western states it is a common _ practice to keep hogs with the cattle in order that the hogs may eat the grain which passes through the cattle undigested. Much skim milk is also fed to hogs. Therefore, for this section the amount of tuberculosis infection in hogs is an index to the -de- gree of infection in cattle. Ten years ago men prominent in 686 LOUIS A. KLEIN, agricultural lines were denouncing the tuberculin test and ridi- culing the idea that tuberculosis could become prevalent in this section. It would be interesting to know to just what extent these teachings are responsible for the present conditions. Much was made of the fact in those days that the cattle lived ‘more in the open air in the Central West than they did in the more eastern and more thickly settled sections of the country and were, therefore, in no danger from tuberculosis. The same statement is often made with regard to tuberculosis in cattle in South Carelina and in the South in general. There is no very extensive data on record relating to tuberculosis in cattle in South Carolina. The only records available are those on file in the Siate Veterinarian’s office at Clemson College, and these only cover 168 cattle in five dairy herds which have been tested with tuberculin since 1906. Of these cattle only 4, or 2.3 per cent., were found to be diseased. These figures are much too meagre, however, to be accepted as an index to the extent of tuberculosis among the 140,000 dairy cattle and the 370,000 other cattle in this state. But it is important to note that pre- vious to the tests there was no reason to believe that any of the herds tested with tuberculin were infected with the disease. The herds were tested merely to obtain accurate infomation regard- ing their condition. There is no reason to believe; however, that tuberculosis exists to any great degree among the cattle in this state. Here, the principal danger seems to be from without. ~The important question is not how much tuberculosis exists in the state, but to what degree does the disease exist in the herds in other states from which cattle may be imported. Following the lead of Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Ver- mont and Pennsylvania, a number of states have endeavored to prevent the introduction of cattle afflicted with tuberculosis from other states by passing laws requiring all cattle imported for dairy or breeding purposes to pass an inspection and tuberculin test. Thirteen states now have such laws, and it is only reason- able to suppose that cattle which cannot be shipped into these states are sent into those states which do no have such a law. The +l TUBERCULOSIS AND ITS RELATION TO MILK, 68 with it, has been in operation since 1889. A few recent occur- rences that I can recall to mind will show how such a law oper- ates to keep out tuberculous animals. In one lot of 25 cattle, which were to be shipped into Pennsylvania from another state, I2 reacted to the tuberculin test. In another lot of 5 all five re- acted. Seven out of 26 reacted in a third lot, and ten out of 21 in a fourth lot. None of these cattle showed any external signs of the disease. REFERENCES. Hutyra and Marck. Spezielle Path. u. Ther. der Haustiere. Jensen Milk Hygiene (Pearson’s translation). Ostertag. Untersuchungen iiber die klin. u. bakter. Feststellung der Tuberkulose des Rindes. : -Leblan. Diseases of Mammary Gland (Nunn’s translation). : 3 Pearson and Ravenel. Tuberculosis of Cattle. Pa. Dept. of Agriculture, Bulletin No. 75. Friedberger and Froehner. Special Pathology and Therapeutics of the Domestic Animals (Hay’s translation). q Mohler. Infectiousness of Milk of Cows Which Have Reacted to the Tuberculin Test. B. A. T. Bulletin No. 44. ; Schroeder and Cotton. The Danger from Tubercle Bacilli in the Environment of Tuberculous Cattle. B. A. I. Bulletin No. 99, Report American Public Health Association, 1901, Twenty-fifth Annual Report, Bureau of Animal Industry. Seventeenth Annual Report, Bureau of Animal Industry. Milk and Its Relation to the Public Health. Hygenic Lab. Pub. Health and Marine Hospital Service. Bulletin No. 41. _ Se 2 ND AR She —a— noe .e A USEFUL method of testing a horse’s working capacity has apparently been discovered by a German scientist, Dr. K. L. von Lutzow, as a result of numerous experiments. Using draft horses ‘weighing 1,800 to 1,900 pounds he found the great variation in their ability to retain their weight at hard, steady work was closely associated with the behavior of the heart. After a day’s work the pulse of a horse which lost weight rapidly required sometimes as much as 3% hours to become normal. In horses that either held their weight well or gained during periods of hard work the quickened pulse soon decreased to normal rapidity when the day’s work was done, requiring in some cases no more than thirty minutes to subside. So far his tests bear out the principle that in a horse of good staying powers the heart quickly reduces the rapidity of its beats when the animal rests after sev- eral hours of hard work. It is a test which horsemen can easily apply. A little experimentation with it will furnish some useful information regarding its accuracy and the possibilities of its application in detecting counterfeits. The theory has a logical basis for its support as well as the backing of experiments by a careful German scientist.—(Breeder’s Gazette, July 28, 1909. ) SERUM IMMUNIZATION AS A PREVENTIVE FOR HOG CHOLERA. By C. H. Sraner, Dean Iowa Strate Contece, Ames, IA. (VETERINARY DEPARTMENT). The rapid advances made in the study of immunity during the past few years renders it essential that we consider a few of the basic principles upon which the serum immunization against hog cholera rests before considering the serum treatment proper. Immunity is that condition in which an individual or a species of animals exhibit unusual or complete resistance to an infection for which other individuals or species show a greater or less degree of susceptibility. Consequently it is only in connection with infectious diseases that we consider immunity. Immunity may be of various types. For example, we have acquired im- munity, when.an attack of a certain infectious disease brings about a change which renders the individual immune to further attacks of the same disease. We have natural immunity, when individuals or species possess an inherent quality which pre- vents them from contracting the disease to which other indi-° viduals or species are susceptible. ‘This immunity is not brought about by any condition which occurs subsequent to birth. We have anti-bacterial rather than antitoxic immunity in such dis- eases where the poisons are not secreted in a soluble or diffusi- ble form by the living cell. In these we have what are known as endo-toxins. However, such diseases may be accompanied by pronounced toxic symptoms. In other diseases of which diphtheria and tetanus are exam- ples, the serum neutralizes the toxins, but does not necessarily injure the organism itself. The distinction between anti-bac- terial and anti-toxic immunity is an important one. Active immunity, which is also usually of a more or less last- ing nature, results from infection or intoxication and depends 688 SERUM IMMUNIZATION AS A PREVENTIVE FOR HOG CHOLERA. 689 upon a specific reaction on the part of the tissue cells in response to the chemical injury produced by the bacteria or their toxins. When an immune serum is injected a passive immunity is ob- tained, because it depends upon the introduction of immune bodies rather than their production through an active process on the part of the one injected. Antiroxic Immunity.-—The combination of toxin and anti- toxin is direct and follows the laws of chemical combination. The toxin is composed of two groups, a haptophore or combining group, the other is the toxophore or poisoning group. The hap- tophore or combining group is quite stable, while the toxophore group is destroyed at 55 degrees C. or decomposes on standing. This, however, does not prevent the haptophore group from uniting with a suitable antitoxin. It is only when the hapto- phore group happens to fit to one of the side chains or receptors of the body cell that the toxin can act. If this combination is effected, the toxophore group acts on the cell and injures it. As a result of this injury the receptors are given off in excess and thrust into the circulation. These free receptors constitute the antitoxin. If a toxin now enters the body similar to the one which leads to the production of the antitoxin the haptophore group of the toxin will be satisfied by the antitoxin and prevent the poison from damaging the cells. Large doses of toxin are administered in the production of antitoxic serum, the object being the union of the toxin with the receptors of many cells. The antitoxins are much more stable than the toxins. BACTERICIDAL IMMUNITY.—In this, two constitutents of the specific serum are concerned in its destructive powers instead of one as in antitoxic immunity. One of these is able to withstand heating to 55 degrees C. and is contained only in the specific serum. The other is destroyed by heating to 55 degrees C. and is co:itained in the serum of normal untreated animals as well as in the specific bactericidal serum. For this reason if bactericidal serum is rendered inactive by being warmed to 55 degrees C. it may he reactivated by adding serum from a normal untreated 690 Cc, H. STANGE, ——— animal. The less stable constituent of bactericidal serum, which is also found in normal serum, is known as Alexin or comple- ment. ‘The other, which is stable and found only in the specific serum is termed substance sensibilisatrice, immune body or ambo- ceptor. The destruction of bacteria, therefore, requires the sub- stance sensibilisatrice of the specific serum and the Alexin which exists in normal as well as specific serum. The ferment-like ac- tion or digestive powers of the Alexin or complement cannot in- jure the bacteria! cell until the cell has been rendered susceptible to the action of the Alexin or complement by the substance sen- sibilisatrice of amboceptor. The Alexin or complement which possesses the digestive powers decomposes on warming or spon- taneously on standing and does not exist in immune serum if this is not perfectly fresh. This explains why bacteria are not dissolved by bactericidal serum after it has stood for some time; also why it may be reactivated by adding a little fresh normal serum or by injecting into the living animal. It also explains why a serum may be inactive in test tube experiments and in- tensely active in the living body in which it finds the Alexin or complement necessary for its action. The immune body, or amboceptor, possesses two binding groups; one which attaches to the bacterial cell, and the other to the Alexin of the normal serum, and it is only through the immune body that the Alexin can effect the bacterial cell. From the preceding it follows that the stable, immune body, substance » sensibilisatrice, or amboceptor, is the exclusive factor in the spe- cific action of bactericidal serum. It possesses a combining group which is specific for the cells with which the animal has been treated. In other words the widely distributed complement found in the normal serum is concentrated on the bacterial cell by the immune body. Specific bactericidal sera and normal sera differ in that the specific sera contain immune bodies which are specific for cer- tain bacterial cells and through the medium of which the Alexins or complements in all normal sera are enabled to cause their so- lution. It is necessary, therefore, that the haptophore group of = eer : SERUM IMMUNIZATION AS A PREVENTIVE FOR HOG CHOLERA, 691 the immune body fit exactly to certain receptors or side chains of the bacterial cell. A great variety of inter-bodies are found in small amounts in normal serum and in addition a considerable amount of comple- ments. In immune serum on the other hand, an enormous in- crease in the amount of a specific inter-body occurs, which con- stitutes the immune bodies, or amboceptors. In bactericidal im- mune serum, this specific increase is sometimes as much as 100,- . ooo of that of normal serum. The complement is not increased by the immunizing process. Only one of the necessary constituents, therefore, is supplied by the injection of an immune serum, and that is the inimune body. The other necessary body or complement is found in the organisin to be treated. © PRACTICAL VALUE OF INJECTIONS OF BACTERICIDAL SERA. —Practically the use of specific anti-bacterial sera has been tried on a large scale in man, and to a considerable extent in animals. Very virulent bacteria can be injected into susceptible animals without danger, if small doses of their respective anti-serums are given before the bacteria have increased to any great extent in the body. If given later, the sera are ineffective. Bactericidal sera, therefore, enable us to immunize against an infection and in some cases stop one just commencing, but we cannot cure an infection which is already fully developed. Observations in practice indicate that bactericidal sera have not given evidence of great value in already developed disease. | APPLICATION, OF THESE PRINCIPLES TO SERUM TREATMENT oF Hoc CHoLera.—We cannot expect to get favorable results from the use of a serum or vaccine in diseases, a natural attack of which does not render the animal immune. Inasmuch as hogs which have passed through an outbreak of hog cholera are im- mune, it is reasonable to suppose that a serum could be pro- duced which. would render the animal passively immune, and such, in fact has been found to be the case. When a hog re- covers from an attack of hog cholera we speak of naturally ac- quired active immunity. When treated with serum, a hog ac- 692 Cc, H,. STANGE, quires artificial passive immunity. When treated with the serum simultaneous method a hog has artificially acquired active im- munity. Naturally acquired immunity is always active inasmuch as we have seen that the cells of the body must take an active part in overcoming an infection. Whether immunity from hog cholera is antitoxic or anti-bacterial we are not absolutely cer- tain. It is suspected, however, that it is anti-bacterial. If this - be true we would expect the following, which is in harmony with practical experience. When a hog recovers from infection with the hog cholera virus, he has developed during his recovery a large number of amboceptors or immune bodies. If he is now treated with a large quantity of virulent blood the cells of the body would be stimulated to increased production of these bodies, which would consequently be found in large quantities in the blood. The complement would not be increased. If the serum is now removed from the animal the complements soon decom- pose on account of their unstable character, but the immune bodies, being quite stable, would remain in the serum for a long time unless subjected to very high temperatures or other dele- terious influences. If this serum is now injected into a hog which has had no infection, the immune bodies would, in the processes of metabolism, be eliminated within a few weeks or months. If the hog became infected at the time by artificial in- oculation or natural infection, the immune bodies would unite with the receptors of the virus and through the medium of these immune bodies the Alexin or complement, which is found in all norma! sera, would destroy the virus. If the hog had become in- fected some time previous and the virus was present in consider- able quantities the amboceptors or immune bodies, which would be contained in an ordinary practical dose of serum would be in- sufficient to prepare all of the virus for the action of the comple- ments. Consequently, the injection of ordinary doses of the serum would have very little, if any, appreciable effect upon the course of the disease. | If the serum is of low potency, that is, contains but few immune bodies and the blood is very virulent in the simultaneous SERUM IMMUNIZATION AS A PREVENTIVE FOR HOG CHOLERA, 693 | . method, we would expect unfavorable results, which should be avoided. From the above, we may conclude that the serum alone is indicated in outbreaks and in these only the apparently healthy hogs should be treated, because hogs which have begun to show symptoms of hog cholera have the virus in their bodies in such large quantities that the immune serum would be prac- tically useless. The infection, which would be obtained in out- breaks would be sufficient to produce active immunity even if the animal had been treated with the immune serum. The serum simultaneous method, it is readily apparent, would not be indi- cated where the opportunities for infection in the natural way were sufficient. Until we can determine with a considerable de- gree of accuracy the virulence of the blood the immunizing prop- erties of the serum and the resistance of the animal, it does not appear to the writer that the serum simultaneous method should be recommended for general use by inexperienced persons. ConcLusion.—Immune hogs treated with large quantities of virulent blood produce a serum which will render susceptible hogs either actively or passively immune, depending upon whether it is accompanied by infection. The serum should be used before the animal shnws any indi- cation of disease; that is, before the virus has increased to any considerable quantity in the body. The serum treatment should be accompanied by infection in order to produce an active immunity. Consequently the chief indication for the use of the serum alone is on apparently well animals in infected herds. The serum simultaneous method is indicated in healthy herds in danger. It is usless to attempt treatment of animals already showing symptoms of the disease unless very large quantities of serum are used. | That inasmuch as immunity is always specific, only the virus which is now known to be the actual cause of hog cholera can be used in the production of a successful immune serum for hog cholera. ECHINACEA ANGUSTIFOLIA IN THE TREATMENT OF INFLUENZA. By G. W. Brownine, V. S., MontcoMery, ALA. I have been using echinacea for the past twelve years, in the treatment of Influenza, and the results in all cases have been © satisfactory, and in some almost bordering on the miraculous. Physiological action as given in Dr. Finley Ellingwood’s Ma-- teria Medica and Theraputics are, when a half teaspoonful of the tincture is taken into the mouth, a pungent warmth is at once experienced which increases to a tingling, and remains for half an hour after the agent is ejected. It is similar to that of aconite, but not so much solely of the nerve-end organs. The sensation is partly of nerve tingling, and more from an appar- ent mild nerve irritant effect. It much more resembles the ac- tion of xanthoxylum. If a small quantity be swallowed undi- luted, it produces an apparent ‘constriction of the throat, sensa- tion of irritation and strangulation, much greater in some pa- tients than in ofhers and always disagreeable. The sensation persists for some minutes, notwithstanding the throat is gargled, water is drunk, and the agent is entirely removed. It promotes the flow of saliva in an active manner, the warmth and tingling ex- tend down the esophagus to the stomach, but no further unpleas- ant influence is observed. Ina short time diaphoresis is observed, and the continuation of the remedy stimulates the kidneys to in- creased action. All of the glandular organs seem to feel the stimulating influence, and their functional activity is increased. The stomach is improved in its function, the appetite increases, the food is more perfectly digested, the bowels operate better, and absorption, assimilation, and general nutrition are materially improved. It encourages secretion and excretion, preventing fur- ther auto-intoxication, and quickly correcting the influence in the system of any that has occurred. It stimulates retrograde 694 hes (ae oe ee ECHINACEA ANGUSTIFOLIA IN THE TREATMENT OF INFLUENZA, 695 metabolism, or tissue waste more markedly than any other single remedy known. It influences the entire lymphatic system, and the condition of the blood suggests that the patient has been taking stimulants, liver and iron remedies in abundance. Sallow, pallid, and dingy conditions of the skin of the face quickiy dis- appear, and the rosy hue of health is apparent. Anemic condi- tions improve, with increased nerve tone. ‘There are but few sub- jective symptoms from large doses of this agent. It is apparently non-toxic, and to any unpleasant extent non-irritant. The agent certainly has a most marked effect upon the nervous system, but its specific influence upon the central organs has not yet been de- termined. SPECIFIC SYMPTOMATOLOGY.—It is the remedy for blood potsoning, if there is one in the Materia Medica. Its field covers acute autoinfection, slow progressive blood taint, faults of the blood from imperfect elimination of all possible character, and from the development of diseased germs within the biood. It acts equally well, whether the profound influence is exerted upon the nervous system, as in puerperal sepsis, and ureemia, whether there is prostration and exhaustion, as in pernicious malarial and septic fevers, or whether its influence is shown by anemia, glan- dular ulceration or skin disease. It is especially indicated where there is a tendency to gan- grenous states and sloughing of the soft tissues, in all cases where there are sepsis and zymosis. I have experimented with it to determine its immediate in- fluence upon the fever caused by continued absorption of septic material such as catarrhal fever, puerperal fever, etc., which show that its destructive influence upon the pernicious germs be- gins at once. | I have used it in several cases where special sedatives were not given, the temperature has declined from one-half to two degrees within a few hours after its use was begun, and has not increased until the agent was discontinued. It has then slowly increased towards the previous high point until the remedy was again given, when a decline was soon apparent. It does not 696 G. W. BROWNING, produce abrupt drops in temperature as often follows the curet- ting of a septic womb, cr as the removal of a quantity of septic material causes, but it effects an almost immediate stop to gerni development, and a steady restoration from its pernicious influ- ence. : In the treatment of influenza, or so-called shipping fever in horses, when given in the initial stage the fever has disappeared in three days, and five days is the extreme limit. While. my greatest experience with echinacea, has been in the treatment of influenza in horses, have used it with good results in the treatment of azaturia, septic metritis, and uremia. It is a most important remedy in wraemuc poisoning, and I believe in time will super- sede all other single remedies. However it will be necessary to use a preparation that is pure and of a standard strength. I have always been partial to Lloyd Bro.’s Specific Tincture, find it a very reliable preparation free from sediment and always can be depended upon, but of late years have been using Parke Davis fluid extract and find it perfectly reliable. In the treat- ment of influenza I begin as soon as I am sure of my diagnosis, by giving from two to four drachms of fl. ex. echinacea every two hours for 24 hours, then discontinue the echinacea, for six hours; if the temperature begins to go up again at the end of six hours, I then begin and give the echinacea every two hours for 18 hours, in most cases the temperature will not rise again after 48 hours. In case it does I repeat the remedy and rarely ever fail to reduce the temperature to 102 Fahrenheit by the third day to go up no more. In some very obstinate cases I have given 4 drachm doses every hour for 24 consecutive hours; as the remedy is non-toxic it can be pushed till you get the full phy- siological effects without any danger to the patient. The only thing, when used in very large doses, there will be retching of the throat muscles something similar to aconite, but this passes off in a few seconds. This is about all the medicine that I give in a case of influenza, unless there is yellowness of the visible mucous membranes showing the liver to be affected, then I give at the outset a capsule of resin podophyllin twenty grains, lep- ECHINACEA ANGUSTIFOLIA IN THE TREATMENT OF INFLUENZA. 697 _ tandrin four dramas, powdered ginger one dram, to be repeated J again in 24 hours if bowels fail to act; if complicated with pneu- - monia and left with a cough after the fever is reduced, I give a powder every 12 hours composed of powdered ginger, capsicum, lobelia, symplicorpus foetidus, and asclepias tuberosa, but 1 find when you cut the fever short without reducing the vitality, - as can be done with the diligent use of echinacea, there is gen- erally not much need of tonics, as there 1s no anorexia, and the digestive function of the stomach is improved by the use of the echinacea, the animal begins to improve and gain strength from the time the fever is gone. I do not claim this agent to be an entire specific in all cases of influenza, such as have been whipped and driven after the disease has come on, but if not too badly jaded before the treat- ment is begun, I do feel confident that 95 per cent. can be cured by the vigorous use of echinacea; as I have repeatedly brought the temperature down from 104% to 102 in 24 hours, and by keeping up the use of the drug for from three to five days, ac- cording to the severity of the case, the temperature has remained at 102 or below, and the animal making a good recovery, with no after treatment only the use of a good laxative diet, and the animal being able to go to work in the course of ten to fourteen days; when under the old line of treatment, with aconite, bella- dona, quinine, carbonate of ammonia, and the coal tar prepara- tions have had them run on in an emaciated condition, for from four to eight weeks before being able to return to work, and then probably result in roaring, thick wind, or purpura hemor- rhagica; and either carrying the horse off, or his being of no value for life. I have never had a case that was treated with echinacea, in which there was any sequelz such as thick wind, purpura-hemorrhagica, etc., and for my part as long as echinacea continues to give such results in the future as it has in the past. I expect to continue to use it in all zymotic diseases or diseases due to auto-infection. TETANUS. * By I. L. Satitey, D. V. S., SkoHEGAN, ME. Mr President and members of this association: When I agreed to read a paper at this meeting, 1 was hardly aware of the time and work it would require in order to present something worth ycur time and attention. It was also somewhat difficult for me to select a subject; not because of jack of material, for we all know that there are plenty of diseases in veterinary medicine, but to select something which I could treat with sufficient brevity and at the same time bring up something of interest to you. I finally decided to write upon Tetanus, partly because I have never seen a paper upon this subject, and partly because of the experience I have had with this disease, I shall not attempt to go much into details, for that would require too long a paper, but I will try and give you some of the most important points and something of the advancement in the pathology and treat- ment of this most important disease. History.—Tetanus is one of the oldest as well as one of the most painful and fatal diseases we have in the domestic animals. Ail kinds of: theories have been advanced for the cause of this disease, such as cold and dampness, inclosure of a nerve in the cicatrix, worms in. the stomach, uterine irritation following abortion, and by some it was thought to be a blood disease; but in 1858 Dr. Greswell said, ‘“ There is no evidence that it is ever contagious.”’ . : ErioLocy AND PATHOLOGY: —Recent experiments have satis- factorily proven that tetanus is a germ disease and produced by the inoculation of this germ within the tissues. Nicolaier was ihe first to discover and describe the germ. He-says it appears usually in the form of a long bacillus, one extremity of which *Read before the Maine Veterinary Medical Association, January 13, 1909. 698 ee ee ee TETANUS. 699 _ bears a colored swelling and later a brilliant spore, of a diameter which is two to four times larger than the body of the bacillus itself. Bonome was the first to find the specific bacillus in tetanic animals. The transmissibility of tetanus to animals of different species and to man was demonstrated experimentally in 1884 by Carle and Rottone. Attempts at inoculation made previously, especially in the horse, by transfusion of blood, had been un- successful. Carle and Rottone have transmitted tetanus to rabbits by inoculating pus from a tetanic human subject. A short time afterwards, Giordano communicated it to the guinea pig and the mouse by injecting pus taken from wounds made by the cas- tration of horses and which were affected by tetanus. This author has also established the fact that the blood of tetanic animals is not virulent, and hence the negative results by transfusion. | Beumer has recognized that inoculation is only successful upon fresh wounds. The tetanic bacillus possesses an extreme re- sistance, but must be kept from oxygen in order to thrive. Within the last few years, researches upon tetanus have given important results. Toledo and Veillon have succeeded in obtaining in a pure state the bacillus of Nicolaier by cultivating in a suitable media, viz., Gelatine Blood-serum, etc., and pro- tecting from oxygen, they have seen the development of small mobile bacilli which are elongated in undulated filaments, and after the tenth day show a sporulated form which is drum-stick or bell-hammer shaped. At this stage they possess the most resistance. They are not destroyed by a temperature of 90° C. for fifteen minutes, by a five per cent. phenicated solution for ten hours or a one per cent. sublimate solution for thtee hours. — When inoculated the bacilli remain in the tissue surrounding the wound. Vaillard and Vincent have recognized that pure cul- tures of tetanic bacilli act only by the toxine which they contain. The microbe not only does not become multiplied in the tissues 700 I, L. SALLEY. where it is deposited, but it disappears rapidly and does not pro- duce disease if the toxine is removed before inoculating. It can only prove effective when acting with certain chemical substances, viz., lactic acid, or with certain common microbes (hyogenic mi- crobes). If inoculated alone it is rapidly encysted and destroyed by phagocytes, but if it is associated with other micro-organisms, the latter attract the pnagocys and allow the tetanus bacilli to develop. Under its influence organic albumins undergo a series of transformaiions and generate ptomains which possess properties similar to those of strychnine. Of these alkaloids, Brieger has isolated tetanine, sotamienoding, spasmotoxine and another which he has called taxalbumine—its composition appears to be that of albuminoid matters. Vaillard and Vincent look upon it as a diastosis which is clearly comparable to toxine which is secreted by a diphtheric bacillus and the effects of which are limited to the neuro-muscular system. ANIMALS AFrFEcTEeD.—Although all domestic animals may have tetanus and although it used to be quite common, at the present time with the asepsis practiced in surgery and upon wounds, tetanus is rarely seen. Forms or Tetanus.—Three forms of tetanus have generally been recognized: the traumatic, rheumatismal, and toxic. It is safe to say with our present knowledge of tetanus that the first- named is the only true one, and the two latter are only myths and should be forgotten. SYMPTOMS OF TETANUS IN GENERAL.—The symptoms are that which would follow tonic spasms of any and sometimes all of the different sets of voluntary muscles of the entire system; we have the arched tail, closing of the jaws, or trismus and stiff- ness of the head, neck, shoulders, limbs, etc. But a symptom that is almost always present is the contrac- tion of the great posterior muscles of the eve, causing retraction of this organ within the orbit and a protrusion of the mem- TETANUS, TOL brana nictitans upon the eyeballs when the nose is elevated ; this _ is a symptom which I have always seen in all cases in the first _ stages, and never in any other disease. / TREATMENT.—Various treatments have been used, mostly in ' the form of narcotics, such as chloral, morphine, inhalations of _ chloroform, rectal injections of ether, belladonna, nicotine, aco~ ' nite, calabar bean, etc. I believe all these remedies are useless in themselves alone, and simply tend to ease pain, and perhaps pro- long life a little, with no chance of a cure. The only treatment for lockjaw that I have any faith in is the use of the antitetanic serum or the tetanus anti-toxines, During the last twelve years I have treated with anti-toxine fifteen cases and have saved ten, five having died with the best of treatment I could give them. I will not go into detail with all these cases, but will describe two or three of the more impor- _ tant ones. Case No. 1.—Sorrel horse 12 years old, weight 1,200 pounds. Calked while harrowing some two weeks previous. When I was called the symptoms of tetanus were well advanced and trismus was complete.. I began the anti-toxine treatment and after using six doses, it recovered sufficiently to feed grass from the ground. At this time T got out of anti-toxine and before I could obtain it from New York the animal was dead. Had I sufficient anti- toxine I have no doubt this would have been one of the cases of recovery. Case No. 2.—Gray mare, age 8, weight 1,100 pounds. Some three weeks previous had been cut in foot while threshing, and had been treated by a quack; when called a well-developed case of tetanus was found. I used the anti-toxin and after nearly complete recovery I removed quite a piece of wood from the foot. Several other cases could be related, but would add nothing of especial value to the above reports. ee et We a ae Te ee, Dr. F. A. Nrer, of Seattle, has been appointed official veter- inarian for the Live Stock Show to be held in connection with the A.-Y.-P. Exposition. REPORTS OF CASES. “Careful observation makes a skillful practitioner, but his skill dies with him, By recording his observations, he adds to the knowledge of his profession, and assists by his facts in building up the sol¢d cdtjice of pathological science.” ECHINORHYNCHUS CANIS. By J. W. Parker, D. V. S., El Paso, Texas. Supplementing the article by Dr. B. F. Kaupp, in May issue of the VETERINARY Review, in which he gives a technical de- scription of a parasite sent him by me, in 1902, and suggests the name Echinorhynchus canis: Specimens were also sent to the U. S. Department of Agriculture, and to others, none of whom Echinorhynchus Canis. Neck (retracted) of female. M. M. Obj.—1’ Ocular. Echinorhynchus Canis. Head of female—retracted. , 4M. M. Obj.—2” Ocular.. were able to identify the parasite with any classified species. Aside from being apparently an unclassified species, the chief interest centers in the symptoms and pathology of the case. _ In September, 1902, a pointer dog, about nine or ten months old, ran through the streets of San Antonio, Texas, biting other dogs and two children, who were bitten on the hand, face, and 702 _ REPORTS OF CASES. 703 groin. (The wounds of the children were treated by physicians, with carbolic acid, within an hour, neither developing rabies. No rabies among animals was reported in the newspapers within the two months following.) The dog was tied up by a police- man, and 1 was called. The symptoms were strongly indicative of rabies. Great exhaustion, altered voice, dropping of jaw, dribbling of saliva, tucked up abdomen, frenzy and vicious ag- gressiveness, muscular inco-ordination. The dog died after twenty-four hours, with continued frenzy and progressing par- Eges ~n body of female. Head of male, protracted. inorhynchus Canis. Echinorhynchus Canis. Shells are shriveled from dehydration. 4 M. M. Obj.—1” Ocular. 4M. M. Obj.—1” Ocular. (Brownie Kodak). alysis, unable to eat or drink, during which time he tore up a rug and a burlap sack given him for bedding. Numerous ulcerations, as from abrasions three or four days old, were found on the buccal and gingival membranes and tongue; some congestion of fauces; acute pulmonary congestion the immediate cause of death; brain normal microscopically; stomach empty except a little grass and dirt; other organs ap- parently normal except that about three hundred small worms (Echinorhynchus canis) were found in the jejunum and ileum, chiefly in the ileum, most of them attached, in some cases the head penetrating mucous and muscular coats to the peritoneum. Some of the worms were detached, and corresponding ulcera- .tions were found. The worms are about half an inch long, males shorter and slenderer than females; color whitish; skin transversely wrinkled, producing appearance of segmentation; 7O4 REPORTS OF CASES. the head is protractile; body cylindrical, flattened and curved ventrally, tapering abruptly anteriorly, and gradually to a rounded posterior extremity, thickest about the anterior third. Compressed specimens show that the body of the female is filled with uterus and eggs, none of which seem to be segmented ; the body of the male seems to contain only testicle; in addition to numerous muscular fibers in each. No alimentary canal can be made out. In my specimens I make out five circles of six Neck (protracted) of male. Middle part of body of male. Echinorhynchus Canis. rig yey eer Canis. .M. M. Obj.—2” Ocular. 4M. M. Obj.—2” Ocular. hooklets in each circle, on the spherical head, the largest an- teriorly, and the arrangement regularly alternating. As the dog wore no license tag, it is probable that he came from the country. During the summer of 1902, I made post- mortem examinations of twelve or fourteen other dogs suspected of rabies, not finding: this parasite in any other. ‘“ Mad” coyotes are frequently reported in the vicinity, much more frequently than rabies is reported among domestic animals. I, therefore, think it probable that Echinorhynchius canis is normally a para- site of the coyote. CHORIOPTIC SCABIES OF ANGORAS. By J. W. Parker. D. V. S., El Paso, Texas. A female Angora, four or five years old, became scabby each summer, losing most of coat from back, rump, sides and abdo- men. Examined in August, 1905, the disease was found to ex- = | I a ee REPORTS OF CASES. T05 tend over two-thirds of the body, but coat not yet falling. The mohair was dry and harsh; the skin thickened and covered with a hard crust, the under part being moist; an exudate noticed at ihe spreading edge of the scab. Examination of scrapings with pocket lens disclosed an immense number of mites about half the Chorioptes Communis (male) - Chorioptes Communis (female) (from Angora goat). from Angora goat). size of Psoroptes communis. They were classified as Chorioptes communis. The goat had been with flock several years, but ap- parently the disease had not spread to others; no symptoms of the disease could be found on the six-months-old kid. Owner stated that the goat had been bought of a flock built up with South African importations. Chorioptic mites were also recov- ered from scrapings from an Angora buck said to have been from imported South African stock. FOOT ROT IN SHEEP. By R. H. McMutten, D. V.-S., Force of Dr. W. E. Howe, B. A. I, Denver, Colo. In the presentation of this article no claim to originality. is. made, the chief purpose being to call attention to an outbreak of a disease which is rare in sections of the United States which enjoy a dry climate. Incidentally the writer cares to state that at the outset of the outbreak his advices were disregarded, and instead, sugges- tions of Jaymen accepted, which fact resulted in a large mone- 706 REPORTS OF CASES. tary loss by reason of the delay, but eventually realizing their predicament, the owners of the animals again sought the services of the writer, and the favorable termination of the outbreak re- sulted in some vaJuable “ missionary work” for the qualified veterinarians in this section, as well as creating a more favorable impression for the workers of the B. A. I. in this immediate sheep-feeding territory. History AS PRESENTED BY THE Owners.—A band of 1,100 sheep were shipped on or about March 1 last to Windsor, Colo., from Sugar City, Idaho. At the latter point, as was subsequently determined, they had been exposed to foot rot. About ten days after arrival at destination several of the animals showed lame- ness. This spread to such an extent that on the date upon which the writer was called, March 25, about one hundred animals ex- hibited evidences of foot rot, the symptoms of which are so familiar that it is unnecessary to dwell upon them at this time. A REPORTS OF CASES. 70 “I course of rational, economical treatment was suggested, and im- mediate segregation of the non-infected animals was strongly urged. It was at this point that the owners’ error was committed, and “ outside ” advices listened to. No attempt was made at sep- arating the animals, for laymen had ventured the opinion that the disease was due solely to muddy corrals. One month later, April 25, when the writer was recalled, fully goo animals were infected, and they manifested the disease in its various stages.. The writer was then given full sway, and as a consequence heroic treatment was begun in earnest. A framework was con- structed, into: which each diseased sheep was turned, its toes clipped, and the undermined portions of the horn removed. The animals were then placed daily in a foot bath composed of a saturated solution of Cupri. Sulphas. 708 REPORTS OF CASES. Quicklime was at first spread about in the corrals, but it had the effect of hardening the horn, rendering paring difficult, so its use was discontinued. It was found that pruning knives were the most serviceable for clipping the toes, and strong, sharp jack-knives answered very well for paring purposes. | Two weeks after treatment was begun, a cure was effected in 500 head, and they were allowed interstate movement. At the expiration of three weeks more the remainder of the band had completely recovered, and they followed the others to market points. No mortality resulted. The woodwork of the corrals was subsequently disinfected, the straw burned, and the infected ground plowed. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS.—Streptococcic infection of the feet; purulent inflammation of the interdigital space; foot-and- mouth disease. | 7 Experimental inoculation produced the disease. The Bacillus necrophorus was not demonstrated owing to lack of facilities. a ee ee ee Sere Se ee REPORTS OF CASES. 709 A KINK IN THE INTESTINES? By Wm. D. Howart, V. M. D., Port Chester, N. Y. ~On May to I was called to see a five-year-old bay gelding that the stablemen said was injured that afternoon by being stuck with a heavy load, and they would insist that it was in the gluteal region of the right hind leg; they pointed out (as usual) imaginary swelling and tenderness upon pressure, and as I could see none of it they were all in favor of sending for some other veterinarian, but didn’t. _ | found a case of extreme abdominal pain, the animal very violent, covered with perspiration, heart very rapid and weak, the pulse being hard to feel and catch the number of pulsations, peristalsis null, and a slight tendency to flatulence. The animal would throw himself in a corner, get up, paw and go down, roll over, get upon its back, and in every way a very severe case, [ gave one ounce of fluid extract of Cannabis Indica and waited twenty minutes; no relief; repeated Cannabis, but only | one-half ounce, and no relief, In the meantime the mouth, nose, and mucous membranes of eyes became very white; no coloring at all, and as the animal seemed to grow worse, told the foreman I thought it was internal injury with hemorrhage, and that the animal was going to die. I then decided to start the action of intestines and gave one grain of arecolin hydrobromate subcutaneously, and in about five minutes salivation started, the animal gave a very hard grunt tind strained as if the bowels were to be emptied; then quieted; peristalsis started, and in a very few minutes was quiet; com- menced to eat hay and the surface of the body to dry off. I went back after supper and found him still eating and all right, but gave orders that he was to have a small amount of water and no grain. He was put to work the next morning and nothing has happened since. ‘This horse has never had a form of colic, and always works hard since going to the present owner. I decided that during the strain of trying to move the loaded truck that a partial kink of intestines took place and that the © arecolin caused peristalsis to start, and removed the obstruction whatever it may have been. I have never known of a case where the mouth, nose and eyes became so white, and this case puzzled me, and would like to hear from others as to what they think about it. 710 REPORTS OF CASES. I have used arecolin hydrobromate in a great number of cases of abdominal troubles, and I think it is one of the most valuable drugs we have, and I feel that it does away with dopeing and pain killers so much used, as in a great many cases of acute in- digestion and flatulence. J never use anything else and have been very successful with these cases. RECOVERY FROM A CASE OF TETANUS. By W. D. Hammonn, V. S., Blair, Nebraska. On evening of March 28, 1909, I was called to Mr. C.’s farm, he telling me he had a case of blood poisoning. On my arrival, I found a fine Percheron mare, heavy in foal, and a bad case of tetanus; pulse 80, temperature 104° and breathing heavily. Owner explained that mare had picked up a nail a few days be- fore. I at once dressed the wound with formaldehyde and put on a warm bran poultice, and gave hypodermically 30 c.c. P. D.’s tetanus serum. Went out again on morning of 29th, gave 30 c.c.; also in evening until April 3d and mare just holding her own, no better. On 3d I gave 45 c.c. and on 4th 45 c.c. each dose, morning and evening, and mare continued to improve. In addi- tion I gave Fl. Ex. Cannabis Indica, Henbane and Gelsemium in two drachm doses each every two to three hours. Mare com- menced to improve after second day’s treatment of 45 c.c. tetanus serum, and on April 6 foaled a fine healthy colt, and mother and foal are doing well. I shall hereafter continue to give 45 c.c. or even 50 c.c. from first of tetanus serum in treatment of tetanus. SHAFT THRUST PENETRATING PLURAL CAVITY. By Dr. J. Atkinson WiLkInson, Oxford, Pa. On Wednesday, June second, I was called by Mr. George Coates, of Hopewell, about two miles distant, who said he had a horse which had run a shaft in its side, and although he did not think there was any hope for it, he would like to have me do all I could. On arriving he told me the horse had been quietly standing at a post hitched when it was suddenly frightened, and wheeling around to the left broke the left shaft and the point REPORTS OF CASES. 71l ran into its side. We took the horse to the stable and placed him in a box stall, after I had examined him and found the injury to be as follows: There was a hole running back and downward about six inches above the ulna and between the seventh and eighth ribs; on carefully disinfecting the outside and my hands, I explored the hole and removed a piece of bone broken from the back of the seventh rib and found the hole penetrated into the plural cavity, and my finger came in contact with the left lung. I immediately removed my finger and closed the outer wound, leaving a slight opening for drainage, after which I placed a wet antiseptic pad over the wound and placed slings loosely under the horse to keep him from lying down and tear- ing the stitches. My treatment then consisted of daily washing antiseptically of the exterior of the wound and as far into the wound as I considered safe; and internally gentian, nux yom., quinine sulph. and alcohol, alternated with small quantities of phosphorus. The horse’s temperature never rose above 103° F., although there was some pleurisy present; and in a little over a week he was turned out to pasture; and, although very stiff and lame, managed to pick some grass. At the present time he is doing fine. I would like to add that I gave him a full dose of 30 c.c. tetanus antitoxin on my first visit. A FEW CASES TREATED WITH ANTIPERIOSTIN. By Dr. J. E. Assinc, New York, N. Y. Antiperiostin has proved itself a very valuable agent in my hands for the last six months, and I can truthfully say that in my opinion it is the best remedy for those cases of incipient perios- titis in horses, which usually terminate in bone spavin or splint, and which when treated under the old line methods, such as firing and blistering have been more or less unsatisfactory. The following three cases I take from my record: Case I—Bay draught mare, lame on near hind for one month, starts off lame on the walk, but gets better after a little while, always lame when trotted; examination reveals a small but well marked exostosis at the hock. DraGNosts.—Bone Spavin. Antiperiostin was applied on Nov. 15: on the 17th there was 712 REPORTS OF CASES. considerable swelling and straw colored exudate; .this subsided in a few days and on Nov. 23 she was put to work when she was found to be free from lameness, except that she still rested on the toe when standing, but by Dec. 1 she was entirely sound on the trot and stood with the foot squarely on the ground. This case terminated most satisfactorily, as the mare was only laid up eight days. Case I.—Brown gelding used for light business wagon, has been going lame on off hind over a month. Examination reveals a well-marked bone spavin. Antiperiostin was applied and after three days ieg is quite swollen, even up above hock; the owner is alarmed at the swelling and notwithstanding my advice to the contrary the leg is washed off; however a thick, firmly ad- hering scab had already formed and was not removed by the washing. This horse was taken out in about ten days and there was a very decided improvement, but still there remained some slight lameness for two weeks, after which he went sound. Case I1I.—Brown draught gelding, lame off fore; walks sound but trots very lame; examination discloses a small dif- fused swelling just below carpus at the internal metacarpal region, painful to pressure. DrtacNnosts.—Periostitis—Incipient Splint. Applied Antiperiostin, and on the third day the leg above the knee showed considerable cedema, after eight days he- was. put to work and trotted sound. AN ACCIDENT OF PARTURITION. By Dr. J. ATkKINSoN WiLkrnson, Oxford, Pa. On June third I received a call from Mr. Harry Gifford, who lives about twelve miles from Oxford. He said he had a mare trying to give birth to a colt. On arriving I found the mare down and lying on her side with at least five feet of the large in- testines protruding from the anus, and naturally greatly dis- tended with gas and discolored, as the owner said she had been in that condition for at least two or three hours. : Mr. Gifford said that the mare had not been injured in any way, but that the intestines came out when she first seemed to have pain. The foal was in an anterior dorsal position with the left leg bent on itself. Of course nothing could be done for her and she was put out of her misery. ——— i) REPORTS OF CASES. ye INTUSSUSCEPTION IN A NEW BORN FOAL. By F, E. Yorx, D. V. M., Brookfield, N. Y. Was calied early in the morning of June 6 to see a young colt about 24 hours old. The colt was found with its mother the morning before all right and strong; was active and playful during the day. On the morning of the 6th he was found sick; would not stand up much. When I arrived colt was dying. Post MortemM.—Found four invaginations in the small in- testines, from one to five inches long. I would like to hear per- sonally from any practitioner who has observed this trouble; as I have known many colts to die with the same symptoms. A TWO-HEADED CALF. By O. H. Tirterup, M. D. C., V. S., Preston, Minn. This was a male calf, the body was of good size, the neck long and well formed. The two perfectly shaped skulls articu- lated with but one atlas. It had four ears and four eyes. The palate of both heads were cleft; also the upper lip of the left head, deforming the right nostril, as shown in the picture. ® ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. SENATE BILL 1602, Dr. J. P. Turner, Washington, D. C., chairman Legislative Committee, A. V. A., has distributed among army veterinarians official copies of two bills “ to increase the efficiency of the army © veterinary service,” introduced into the Sixty-first Congress, one marked “S. 1692,” the other ‘H. R. 2735.” Contrary to ex- pectation, they are not identical bills. The House bill, intro- duced by Mr. Hull, is the old War Department bill in its original form, whereas the Senate bill, introduced by Mr. Warren, is a modified bill. The latter reads as follows: 61st Congress, Ist Session. S. 1692. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES. April 15, 1909. Mr. Warren introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Military Affairs. A. Dib: To increase the efficiency of the veterinary service of the army. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That hereafter the President shall have authority to appoint veter- inarians in the army, not exceeding two for each regiment of cavalry, and one for each battalion of field artillery, and all vet- erinarians so appointed shall be on the same footing as that of commissioned officers of the army in respect to tenure of ap- pointment, retirement, pensions, increase of pay, and subjection to the rules and articles for the government of the armies of the United States, but, except as hereinafter provided, no person shall be appointed a veterinarian in the army unless he is a citizen of the United States, unmarried, not under twenty-one nor over twenty-seven years of age, a graduate of a veterinary college of 714 ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. 715 good standing, and shall have passed satisfactorily an examina- tion to be prescribed by the President : Provided further, That veterinarians now in the army who have served honorably and faithfully as such not less than fifteen years shall be the first persons eligible to appointment under the provisions of this Act and may be appointed without regard to any of the restrictions thereof, and if any such veterinarians now in service shall have reached the age of sixty-four years before the approval of this Act the President may appoint them veterinarians and immedi- ately place them on the retired list with the retired pay of a first lieutenant, mounted: Provided further, That veterinarians now in the army who have served honorably and faithfully as such less than fifteen years shall be the next persons eligible for ap- pointment under the provisions of this Act, and may be appointed without regard to any of the restrictions thereof except the re- striction as to examination; but no subsequent examination shall be required for any veterinarian now in the army who shall be appointed under the provisions of this Act and who shall have served as such veterinarian for ten years or more at the date of his appointment, and any such veterinarian who shall have served honorably and faithfully as such for ten years or more at the date of his examination for appointment under the provisions of this Act, and shail be found on such examination to be dis- qualified for active service by reason of wounds or other dis- ability incurred in service and in the line of duty, shall be placed on the retired list with the retired pay of a first lieutenant, mounted: Provided further, That of the veterinarians who shall be appointed under the provisions of this Act, those who are now veterinarians in the army and have served as such not less than ten years, and those who hereafter, on completing ten years of service as veterinarians in the army, shall pass'a satisfactory examination to be prescribed by the President, shall have the pay and ailowances of first lieutenants, mounted, and all other veterinarians on the active list of the army shall have the pay and allowances of second lieutenants, mounted: Provided further, That hereafter all veterinarians who shall be appointed under the provisions of this Act shall, in determining their status and rights under this Act or any other law, be entitled to credit for all honorable prior service rendered by them as veterinarians or veterinary surgeons in the army, and all veterinarians now in_ the army who shall not be appointed under the provisions of this Act shall be discharged by the Secretary of War with three months’ pay. 716 : ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT, ComMMENT.—Careful inquiry into the provisions of this Senate bill shows that it differs from the House bill in two essen- tial points; firstly, it comprises one larger section only, whereas the House bill contains nine sections; secondly, the Senate bill provides that veterinarians of over ten years of service, found disqualified by reason of physical disability incurred in service, shall be retired with the retired pay of first lieutenants, while the House bill does not provide so. It is supposed that this pro- vision applies equally to veterinarians ‘‘ who hereafter, on com- pleting ten years of service,” shall have to undergo the pre- scribed examination. No provision is made for the retirement of veterinarians who have less than ten years of service, neither is their re-examination demanded. If the Senate bill should be enacted into law as it stands, the disposition of the present army veterinarians would be as follows: To be retired with the retired pay of first lieutenants, mounted—Service, Tempany, Corcoran. To be appointed, without examination, with the pay and allowances of first lieutenant, mounted—Griffin, Le May, Mc- Murdo, Plummer, F. Foster, McDonald. To be examined as having over ten years of service—Lusk, Schwarzkopf. To be examined on completing ten years of service— July 19, 1910: Nockalds, Stanclift, Grutzman, Glasson. January 29, 1912: Hill, Jefferis, Peter Power, Steele, Uri. April 15, 1912: Vans Agnew. January 14, 1913 : Lawrence. July 22, 1913: Donovan, English, McKibbin, Peck. Less than five years of service—R. J. Foster (1905), Han- vey (1905), Musser (1906), Stockes (1907), Mitchell (1908), Mason (1908), Williams (1908). Forty accounted for. What the general feeling of the army veterinarians is as re- gards this bill is not difficult to surmise, as this has been strongly voiced for the last four years, and the provisions of the modified Senate bill do not materially differ from those of the original House bill. We can rejoice with the three aged veterans who would be finally retired after an unprecedented long service; and we should congratulate the next six veterinarians who, heaven knows, have toiled hard under adverse conditions for fifteen years and several of them for over twenty years, now to be raised a ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. 717 to the pay and allowances of first lieutenants, without examina- tion. As for the two to be examined first, of which I am one, I shall submit to another ordeal at examination, if it served no other end than to help to beat out for us the wretched discrimi- - nations that are now slowly eating up the hearts of the best of | us, and in order to win “the same footing as that of commis- _sioned officers,” as the bill provides for. With the younger veterinarians of less than ten years o1 service, all of us have the fullest sympathy. They have not long ago stepped into the military service with the enthusiasm of youth, confident of a secure position, now to find that it may be threatened by law. The older men think that their fears are groundless, that such a law may hit the best; we also deplore the threats of resignation from the army that have come to us from some, and sincerely hope that all will muster strength to stay in the army until their service shall count ten years and then | bravely go up for the examination that shall better provide for them. : However all these fears and outbursts of feeling represent only the sentimental side of the question. It is a good thing that now almost all of us have come to understand the hard, naked facts so clearly shown by our recent experience in attempting to substitute a bill that carried with it rank and organization. It was quickly shown to be utopian. No one will try such a bill again in the near future unless he is a newcomer. The result is that the Senate bill appears not so bad to even the most obstinate objector. It is realized now by most that the longer we obstruct the legislation proposed by the govern- ment, the better it suits unfriendly men-and groups of men in the army, while at the same time it ties our hands-and those of our friends in the army. ‘ Naturally, some younger men state that the bill would meet the favor of all if it would read seven years instead of ten years, while still others say it should be amended to read five years in- stead of ten. But these same young men also state that the alterations suggested are personal desires that have now little show of success; that the more we shall interfere with the pro- visions of the bill, the less chance we have to see this or any other bill passed, and that if this bill fails to pass, it will be dished up to us again for ten years or more, so that we might just as well swallow it now than some years later. 718 ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. The above constitutes a summary of the expressions given ~ to me by quite a number of our younger men. ‘There are not a few who are discouraged, and some are disgusted, but there is ; 4 : also a leaning towards favoring the Senate bill as the only means — left to us to improve our status. No one has so far ventured to express any definite opinion or advise whether we shall actively work for the passage of the. Senate bill, which, we were told, is — the wish of the War Department. OLAF SCHWARZKOPF. CORRESPONDENCE. Editors AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW, NEw YORK: The idea of an international veterinary emblem has occurred to me. The Red Cross is emblematic everywhere of sanitation and the human ministering to the sick; in fact an emblem of the human physician. Why not an emblem meaning Veterinary wherever it may be seen and used? It would seem advisable for a committee to be appointed at the forty-sixth annual meeting of the American Veterinary Medical Association for the purpose of receiving and soliciting and considering any and all designs that may be offered and then permitting a vote to be taken. It is suggested that some modification of the present Red Cross & be adopted. Dr. Burton RoGErs, Manhattan, Kan. August II, 1909. UNDER date of August 11, Ottawa, we received information of the illness of Dr. Charles H. Higgins, of the Health of Ani- mals branch of the Department of Agriculture, Canada. At that time the doctor’s illness, in the form of a nervous strain, necessi- tated his laying aside all work. We hope to be able to report his restoration to health in the next issue of the Review. Ve ABSTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. ENGLISH REVIEW. By Prof. A. Liautarp, M. D., M. V. ON StrYcHNIAE [Prof. E. Wallis Hoare, F. R. C. V. S.). —Referring to the several cases of intoxication recently pub- lished, the writer says: that it seems to him that the doses ad- vised in his work on “ Veterinary Therapeutics” are too large and that greater care is necessary in prescribing it in full doses. He recalls that he has used it in two-grain doses with cows and frequently in grain doses for several days without any appreciable effects. Yet he is rather sceptical as to the real value of the drug in the treatment of the various forms of paralysis, and again there are plenty of instances of curable cases that recover without it. It is very probable that it often gets credit that it does not deserve. It would prove exceedingly useful if practitioners having experience with the use of strychnine would record their observations; for it is only by this means that it is possible to arrive at what may be regarded as a safe and effective dose. Authors have, after all, to depend on their own expe- rience and however valuable the evidence of these may be, it cannot be compared with the practical observations of clinicians. —(Veter. Record.) SQUAMOUS-CELLED CARCINOMA [R. Paine, F. R. C. V. S.]. —A; merino ewe had a small growth upon the forehead about one and a half inches high. It grew rapidly in cone shape and when the ewe was slaughtered it measured three inches in height and about nine in diameter at the base. Externally it is of horny nature and has some clear fluid at its base. Its presence did not seem to interfere in any way with the general health and condi- tion of the animal, except that after the result of a kick she remained in a semi-comatose condition. The kick had produced _alarge hemorrhage. The frontal bone was extensively destroyed by the growth, which was in direct contact with the brain. Upon 719 720 ABSTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES, microscopic examination the lesion proved to be a squamous- celled carcinoma.—(lbidem. ) An ATTACK OF MANIA IN A Bitcu [Horale L. Roberis, F. R. C. V. S.\.—Toy Yorkshire terrier bitch, very nervous, shows signs of cestrum. After a week she seems over it and is taken out for her usual morning walk. Out one hour she com- menced to rush about in a frenzied manner, meanwhile emitting continuous yelps. No one can quiet her; far from it she ex- —— hibits most unusual ferocity. Injections of morphine and atro- — pine calmed her and she laid down in a comatose condition for several hours. Caffeine is injected hypodermically. Late in the evening she has three epileptic seizures. Chloral is given. The attacks returned and then she received chloral, bromide of potas- sium and hyosciamine, in pills which were given two or three ‘times during the next 24 hours. Being finally quieted she had a dose of castor oil and went home. She has had no recurrence of the trouble since.—(Veter. Record.) AMPUTATION OF THE UTERUS IN A Cow [Thomas D. Tay- lor, M. R. C. V. Sd.|.—TVhe cow had aborted and the best thing that remained to do after, considering the condition of the case, was to amputate. “I,” says the author, “ secured the cow in the usual way, but did not cast: her; administered a full dose of chloral, removed the placenta, applied multiple ligatures to the uterus as far anterior to the os as possible. I then excised the mass about two inches behind my ligatures and applied the ac- tual cautery to the stump; which I returned when all hemor- rhage had ceased. She was firmly trussed and given eight ounces of whiskey. When she was taken to her box she collapsed and commenced to blow violently, continuing in that condition for about eight hours when she took a quart of a warm drink, which increased the blowing considerably. In twelve hours, an im- provement was noticed, the blowing subsided in twenty-four hours, she then ate a little hay. The truss was removed on the fourth day. The temperature never exceeded 103° F. The slough came out in about three weeks.” Complete recovery and cow is fattening—(Veter. News.) 7 MEtriTIs IN A Bitcu [J. Craig, M. R. C. V. S.].—The ani- mal had been put to a dog once without result, two and half years ago. She had a slight bloody discharge from the vulva. She had vomiting, loss of appetite and shortly before her death, a a eo hn) ae i ABSTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 721 slight swelling of the abdomen with loss of control of the bowels. The lesions found at post mortem were confined to the uterus. The horns and body were enormously distended and occupied a large portion of the abdomen. They were as big as a man’s wrist. The weight of the organs was 3 pounds 7 ounces. The distension was caused by the presence of a greyish, slimy fluid of a peculiar sickly odor; estimated at about one quart. The mucous membrane of the uterus was congested.—(Ibidem. ) CANINE Cysticercosis [S. N. Miller, Calcutta, India].— Record of the post mortem of a dog very emaciated by distem- per and died after successive epileptic fits. The post mortem revealed thirteen cysts, varying in size from that of a large pea to a small areca nut in the muscular tissue of the heart. There were no other pathological changes in the body. The brain could not be obtained for examination. Examined under the micro- scope, the contents of these cysts were in every respect those of Cysticercus cellulosee.—(Veter. Journ.) ConTAGIOUS VAGINITIS IN Two Cows [G. Mayall, M. R. C. V. S.|].—A shorthorn bull recently bought, served two cows. A few days after they whisked their tails and showed discomfort in making water. They were slightly off feed, uneasy behind and the milk supply rather reduced. There was a mucopurulent discharge from the vulva and a few ulcers on the mucous mem- brane. The animals were isolated and injections of mercuric iodide solution, I in 5,000, were made twice a day. Sulphate of magnesia, sodz bicarbonate and nitrate of potash were admin- istered. In ten days the animals were practically well. The bull was not treated; being returned to the vendor and lost from sight.—(lbidem. ) INTERESTING CASE OF HyDROTHORAX—OPERATION AND Recovery [Prof. T. G. Hobday, F. R. C. V. S.|.—Male grey- hound, six years old, seemed “ out of sorts.”” After a fortnight, respiration became hurried. Chronic pleurisy with effusion was diagnosed and iodide of potassium prescribed. Some short time after, about one month, paracentesis thoracis was performed on the right side, and 28 ounces of clear straw-colored fluid were removed. Improvement followed. Jodide was given for a week. The dog kept up eating and doing well. He had nux vomica for another three weeks until convalescence was established.— (Ibidem. ) 722 ABSTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. VAGINAL FisproMa |H. Thompson, M. R. C. V. S.|.—De- scription of a large tumor from the vagina measuring 10 inches in length, 634 in diameter at one part and 18% in circumference at another. It weighed eight pounds. It was found in a cow in parturition which delivered a live calf. But previous to the appearance of the calf, a large fibroma had been pressed out of the passage and was hanging from the vulva by a long neck. It was attached to the left side of the vagina. A strong ligature was passed round the neck of the tumor and it was cut off. The parts being dressed with a little carbolized oil, the placenta was removed. There was no hemorrhage and recovery was without event.—(Veter. Record.) FRACTURED PELVIs IN A Cow [IV. IVatcrs, Mf. R. C. V.S.]. —Roan, cross-bred, roomy cow, down with the third calf. She had been delivered without trouble by the owner. At the time of delivery a crack was heard as the calf’s hind quarters were passing through the pelvis. The next day the cow was rather stiff on her right hind leg and had considerable swelling be- tween the hip joint and the external angle of the haunch. Then came a large bony swelling on the left side, extending several inches above the sacral spines. There was a complete dislocation of the sacro-iliac joint. On examination per rectum was found a fracture of the neck of the ilium on the right side. The ani- mal was very lame, could get up of her own accord but would soon lay down again. No special treatment was followed. The cow kept on giving from four to five gallons of milk a day, and with time she grew stronger on her leg and was sold three months after for her milking qualities. Later she was killed but no post mortem was made.—(J/bidem. ) LEAD PoIsonInGc IN MitcH Cows [W. Waters, M. R. C. V. S.].—The writer was called to attend to a first cow that pre- sented peculiar symptoms: Falling off her milk and food first, and she then suddenly began to roar, broke her neck strap and rushed about the place as if she was made. She also became ag- gressive. She had fits of madness, then falling in a semi-uncon- scious state, pawing with all four, rolling her eyeballs, grinding her teeth. No positive diagnosis was made. A second case pre- sented similar symptoms but was very constipated. Enemas, full doses of salts were given to her. The next morning the two cows were dead, the second cow having also exhibited some brain symptoms before dying. Post mortem: Manifold and . ABSTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 723 rumen inflamed. Liver and kidneys soft and in a state of fatty degeneration. Heart had blood-stained patches on the outer sur- face and the left ventricle was much inflamed. The brain was soft. On making inquiries about the cause of the two attacks it was found that poisoning by lead was the cause of death; -as several old paint tins with the contents licked out were found in the field where the cows had pastured. Chemical analysis of the viscera confirmed the diagnosis. A third cow became sick; again presenting the same symptoms and notwithstanding proper treatment, she also died and had similar lesions as the two others. The author calls the attention to the presence of the brain symptoms in all the cases and also to the condition of the heart, as being peculiar and not mentioned in text books. —(Veter. Record.) SPLENIC HYPERTROPHY IN THE Horse [W. J. Young, M. R. C. V. S., D. S., V: M.|.—The subject was about 20 years old. He presented very indefinite symptoms; loss of appetite, lassitude and pale mucous membranes. Nothing abnormal about his gait. Stimulants were given for a few days and finally the horse was destroyed. The post mortem revealed the presence of a spleen enormous and weighing 64 pounds. ‘The splenic capsule and the trabeculze were considerably thickened and the pulp was not difluent From many autopsies that he has made the author concludes that spleens generally weigh more than what is mentioned in text books. While Chauveau says that “the average weight is 32 ounces, but that it may sometimes be three or four times its normal size,’ Doctor Young has found it weighing 1034 pounds in a Clydeshire gelding, 8 pounds in a cab horse, 9 pounds and 11 ounces in a Shire gelding, 114 pounds in a Brewer’s horse He has also found the spleen of cats with surprising weight.—(Jbidem.) FRENCH REVIEW. By Prof. A. LIAUTARD, M.D., V.M. GENERALIZED CARCINOMA [P. Valade, Army Veterinarian]. —The horse Page has been operated for a tumor of the tail, whose nature had not been established with the microscope, but [24 ABSTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. whose macroscopic appearance made it suspicous of being car- cinomatous. Nearly one year after he loses his appetite, has reduced in flesh, his respiration is accelerated, his heart beats rapidly, auscultation and percussion are negative. He is placed on observation and dies in 48 hours. Post MortEeM: In the abdomen three litres of serosity. In- testines congested. In the mesentery of the small colon, there is a warty tumor as big as a nut. The liver is hypertrophied, weighs 20 kilogs. It is of yellow color and its parenchyma is 1n- vaded by a magma of clear yellow coloration, easily broken up. Spleen is three times its normal size, it weighs 9 kilogs. It con- tains nodules, some of which have an encephaloid aspect and others caseous degeneration. On the right kidney similar nodules are found. The lumbo-aortic glands are hypertrophied. The lungs are filled with secondary tumors of various sizes. Hais- tological examination shows that these tumors were -encepha- loid carcinoma; and in all probability the tumor of the tail was of the same nature and the horse dies of slow and insidious gener- alization.— (Rev. Gene. de Medec. Veter.) GENERALIZED CANCER OF THE THYROID GLAND IN A DoG [M. M. Douville and R. Germain|.—The subject was a slut of six years, which had since two months an abscess of the neck. She has a cachectic appearance. On the throat and the upper part of the neck, she has two ovoid swellings, hard and almost painless, which are intimately adherent to the trachea. Situated ~one on each side they are united by a wide fibrous band. The left tumor, bigger than the right, has a fistulous tract from which escapes thin, reddish Dad-looking pus. The lymphatic glands of the entrance of the chest are large.. The temperature 38.4° C. On examination of the abdomen, the liver is felt quite large, the kidneys seem normal. The urine is clear and albu- minous. Tuberculin test is negative. Though not positive, di- agnosis of ulcerated cancer in way of generalization is made. The animal dies a few days after. Post Mortem: Cadaver emaciated, on each side of the larynx, a tumor, that of the left side bigger. On the right side there is a marked hypertrophy of the retro-pharyngeal lymphatic glands, enveloping the thy- roid gland. On the left side the mass is bigger, softened in its center and hollowed. It is formed by the union of the hyper- trophied glands of the thyroid body also surrounded by the neo- plasm. The lymphatic glands of the entrance of the chest are ABSTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES, 725 also diseased. ‘The liver is enormous and filled with neoplastic _ tumors of various sizes. The gall bladder is distended with _ bile. The liver weighed 3 kilogs. 600 gramms. The spleen was also diseased with secondary nodules similar to those of the liver. In the thoracic cavity there were lesions of purulent pleurisy, of suppurative broncho-pneumonia. The histological examination of sections from the various lesions showed without doubt that the case was one of primitive epithelioma of the thyroid body, a TYPICAL CANCER.—(Kev. de Medec. Veter.) SPONTANEOUS LACERATION OF THE RECTUM IN A HorsE [Mr. C. A. Arnoux |.—This animal in good condition has colic and his respiration is accelerated. Ausculation reveals nothing abnormal in the lungs. The pulse is small and not too quick. The colic is mild and the horse stands quite calm on his four legs. No diagnosis is made. Stimulating frictions are pre- scribed on the loins and flanks. Shortly after a new symptom is observed. The horse makes. violent expulsive efforts and ejects only a few balls of manure. He stretches himself and uri- nates. All of these are accompanied with moaning. The con- junctiva become congested, pulse thready and quick; yet the horse does not scrape the floor, does not look towards his flanks and has no tendency to tympanitis. Rectal temperature is 39° C. Painful expulsion of feces are taking place every ten minutes. No rectal examination was made on account of the violent ex- pulsive efforts of the horse. The symptoms soon assume a more severe character and the horse died after 24 hours of sickness. The lesions found in the abdominal cavity consisted in a sero- bloody exudation. Great hypervascularization of the peritoneum. In the pelvic cavity an enormous blackish mass is observed, formed by a fold of peritoneum and containing large quantity of feces. The peritoneum is opened, the feeces removed and a lac- eration of the rectum is observed interesting the muscular and the mucous coats in half the diameter of the organ, about 15 centimeters from the anus. No cause was found to explain this traumatism; hence the conclusion of the author: Spontaneous laceration from predisposition due to weakness of the organ.— (Rev. de Medec. Veter.) BILATERAL AND SYMMETRICAL MULTIPLE EXOsTOSIS IN A Horse [ Doct. Morel|.—Presentation of half a thoracic cavity of a horse showing curious bony lesions of the ribs and spinous 726 ABSTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES, processes of the dorsal vertebrae. The 18 ribs are the seat of exostosis more or less voluminous, developed at the inferior part and immediately above the chondro-costal articulations. These tumors are part of the bone, they are irregular and look like mushrooms or grapes. The biggest has the size of the fist of aman. Alongside of the diaphysis of the ribs, there are a few osteophytes protruding under the pleura. Before dissection the exostosis were covered with fibrous tissue. Their surface was smooth and they had no adhesion with the surrounding tissues. The chondro-costal joints appear normal. The false ribs are ossified. There are also on the spinous processes of the dorsal vertebrze similar exostosis, but they are less developed. ‘The thorax was deformed only on a level with the bony deposits; the ribs had their form, length and normal direction. The lesions were alike on both sides of the chest, they were bilateral and symmetrical. Probably other parts of the body presented similar deposits. And they were in all probability due to an ossifying diathesis, perhaps of infectious nature.—(Rev. de Pathol. Com- paree.) TUBERCULOUS ULCERATION OF THE Rectum [Mr. Ch. Dar- magnac, Army Veter.|.—This stallion had a bad habit, mastur- bates himself continuously and is reduced almost to the condi- tion of a skeleton. He is castrated. Complication of hernia of the small intestine takes place during the operation. A few hours after he has colic and acute peritonitis rapidly manifest- ing itself; the horse dies in a few hours. The abdominal cavity exhibits all the lesions of peritonitis by perforation; reddish ef- fusion with food in suspension, peritoneum highly ecchymotic. A little forward of the pelvis, and on the superior part of the rectum, there is an ulceration. Well exposed, the rectum shows an ulceration, elliptic in form, with thick indurated edges, the mucous and muscular coats are gone and there remains only little granulations under the peritoneum which is thick and ad- herent. The rectal lymphatic glands are hypertrophied, they have fibrous envelopes with caseous centres. The liver contains tuberculous deposits of various sizes. In the thoracic cavity, the lungs are filled with tubercules with* fibrous envelopes and caseous contents. Examination under the microscope reveals the presence of bacilli principally-in the scrapings of the rectal ulceration. Inoculated guinea pigs developed tuberculosis. These lesions, true surprises of post mortem, explained the con- ABSTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES, =] Li) =I dition of the animal, which had been attributed to his bad habit. —(lev. Gener. de Medec. Veter.) — Two Cases oF TRAUMATIC ARTHRITIS—RECcovERY [WMr. Urbain, Army Veterinarian].—In the majority of cases, such are incurable. These occurred in two horses, which had arthri- tis due, one to kick, the other to the prick of a fork, both on the left hock. The usual manifestations were present: swollen joints, great pain, no weight carried on the leg, purulent syno- via escaping, high fever, temperature up in the 40° C., loss of appetite, etc., etc. Existing since 12 and 15 days, the cases had been treated with blisters, continued irrigations, injections of Van Swieten, all without results and the animals were about to be destroyed. A last attempt to treatment was followed by re- covery in 20 days. ‘This consisted in using nitrate of silver. A pencil of it seven centimeters long, was introduced in the fistula and held in place by a wadding dressing. The next day a sero- fibrinous reddish clot obliterated the fistulous tract. Without disturbing it, a second shorter pencil of nitrate of silver was in- troduced, and so on every two days, always carefully avoiding disturbing the clot. On the eighth day the tract was completely obliterated and from that day the symptoms subsided. The ni- trate was stopped, the granulating process being controlled with burnt alum. On the fifteenth day the horses began to put weight on their legs and on the twentieth were able to take walking ex- ercise. There remained for some time a slight swelling of the joint: which did not interfere with their work.—(Journ. de Zootechn.) VesicAL Lirutasis IN A Doc [Mr. A. Bouffanais|.—This is the case of a three-year-old bull dog which presented all the manifestations of urinary lithiasis and passed through the dis- ease that carried him off, notwithstanding repeated catheterism which had given him but little relief. The post mortem was peculiarly interesting by the complications that were found: hydronephrosis, acrobystitis balanitis, etc. Opening the abdo- men, the bladder was found very large, as big as a child’s head and containing one and a half litres of fluid, red-brown in color, which after standing left a deposit of large calculi, weighing altogether 4 gramms and some of which were as big as a pea. The liver was yellow-brown and infectious. Both kidneys were very large and the seat of hydronephrosis. The urine that they contained was clear and free from deposits. The-ureters were 728 ABSTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. normal. The prostate was a little hypertrophied. The urethra contained few calculi. At the base of the penian bone, there was a true mass of calculi which completely obliterated the canal. The glans penis was congested. There was acrobystitis and the mucus of the prepuce was swollen. The whole sheath was the seat of a large infiltration of urine.—(Jbidem. ) ITALIAN REVIEW. By Prof. A. LiIAUTARD, M.D., V.M. AMPUTATION OF THE VAGINA IN A Mare [Doct. Adolpho Luciant|.—This mare in condition, was delivered about two months ago, without difficulty, of a dead colt and of the en- velopes. A few days after, she was covered again, notwithstand- ing the fact that the owner knew she had a small prolapsus of the vagina. This grew worse and it was only after it had been present four days that the writer was called. The vagina was forming then a big mass protruding through the vulva, and its mucous membrane much inflamed was the seat of many excoria- tions due to the animal rubbing against the walls of the stall. Urination was difficult and only a small quantity of urine was ejected by drops. Prolapsus of the rectum was threatening, the mare constantly making violent expulsive efforts. After disin- fection with sublimate solution, the reduction was successfully attempted and a bandage of Delward applied. This failed in a short time, and the trouble returned. Chloral hydrate and morphia being resorted to then, the prolapsus was once more reduced and a pessary with a contending bandage applied. Those also failed and by the expulsive efforts pessary and bandage were soon thrown off. The animal was then cast, disinfection of the parts was made as thorough as possible and a ligature of the entire mass protruding was resorted to, carefully avoiding injury to the opening of the urinary meatus. The mass was di- vided into three portions and each one ligated separately insur- ing by this way a more complete hemostasis. After firm ligatur- ing the three_parts were amputated with the bistouri about three ee ABSTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES, 729 | centimeters ‘from the ligatures. Astringent sulphate of zinc vaginal washing brought the mare in ieee ae in ten days. —(ll Nuovo Ercolani. ) A CASE OF SUPERFETATION IN A SLUT [Doct. Antomo In- gardi|.—The author was called to help a slut to deliver. The history was that she had been covered first on a 13th of June and again on the 5th of July. On August 2oth, say 68 days after the first service, she showed signs of delivery and indeed gave birth to a healthy, perfectly-formed and developed puppy. After the delivery of a perfect placenta taking into consideration the size of the abdomen of the mother, and having by manipula- tions detected the presence of another foetus in the left uterine horn and having also heard the weak fcetal cardiac beats, by aus- cultation, another foeetus was looked for. But it was not until six days later that the slut expelled after much expulsive efforts a fe- male dead foetus, hairless, undeveloped, weighing 37 gramms and certainly not more than 40 days old. Evidently this was a case of fecundation of two ovules belonging to two successive periods. The slut covered the 13th of June became pregnant. The sth of July, 22 days later, again covered, she again had a second fecun- dation. A first foetus was born 68 days after the first service regularly and completely to its end. Then several days after came another fcetus not more than 40 days. These are facts worthy of consideration and which come to be added to the his- tory of the subject.—(La Clinica Veterinaria.) LACERATION OF THE Mastoipo-HUMERALIS MUSCLE AND OF THE CXsopHacus IN A Horse [Doct. B. Germany]|.—The subject had a large swelling, rather diffuse and extending from the laryngeal region to the breast and spreading laterally into. the jugular grooves. It is said to be increasing rapidly. The animal carries the head extended, the hairs are standing and the skin is the seat of violent tremblings. Respiration is accelerated. The gait is uncertain behind. Rectal temperature 39.4° C. Mucous membranes congested. The skin is perfectly intact but as the animal has been standing next to one which is irritable, it is possible that the cause of the swelling be a trauma received from him. At any rate the swelling grows rapidly and although scarifications are made and give escape to an abundance of cit- rine fluid, it soon becomes necessary to perform tracheotomy to avoid asphyxia. Yet the animal dies the next day. Post Mor- 730 ABSTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. TEM: Citrine serosity infiltrates all the subcutaneous connective tissue of the region. The panniculus muscle of the neck is con- gested; between the middle and inferior third of the neck to the left of the trachea, *the mastoido humeralis presents a laceration involving the two-thirds of the thickness of the muscle. And in the space of the lacerated edges there is a clot of blood mixed with putrefied parcels of food. The ceesophagus presents also a solution of continuity opposite that of the muscle. The jugular and carotid are the seat of extensive inflammation. The author presents three suppositions to explain these lesions: Ist. The introduction of an irregular foreign body per mouth. 2d. A traumatic lesion from the inside, acting simultaneously with one from outside. 3d. A traumatic action applied from another horse upon the contracted muscle at the moment that an alimen- tary bolus was passing down the cesophagus.—(Ibidem.) HYPERTROPHY OF THE SPLEEN IN A Pic [Doct. Ruggero Fracaro|.—This animal was in good condition of nutrition. Aged about one year, it is not known to have ever been sick or having exhibited signs of colic. When slaughtered his spleen was found enormous, weighing five kilogs. 400 gramms. By its size and change of position it has also displaced the stomach. Near its apex and the lower extremity it measures in thickness about six centimeters and 10/12 at its base or superior extremity. It had a clear red color with tendency to grey, has a fibrous as- pect and its serous coat has numerous small nodules of various sizes. Its trabecular system is hypertrophied and contains a substance very rich in blood corpusclés. The liver of the ani- mal is also the seat of granular fatty degeneration and the lym- phatic glands of the whole body are enlarged and of various col- oration. All the other organs have nothing abnormal in their general aspect. According to the author in this case, the pro- portion of the spleen was greater than those observed in the case of Prof. Generalli in 1877.—(JIbidem.) A CASE OF CERVICAL Riz IN A DonxKeEy [Doct. Prof. Ugo Barpi].—The writer has already published articles on various observations he has made in the vertebral column and ribs of soli- peds and reports a case which he believes brings a firm confir- mation of his previous communications. A young donkey whose skeleton measures 0.90 centimeters in height, presents on a level with the transverse process of the last cervical vertebre, a bony ABSTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES, 731 prolongation, existing on both sides, elongated, ending slightly in point, and rather bending backwards. The seventh cervical ver- tebree is perfect in conformation and has all the anatomical characters of that bone. Opposite its unitubercular transverse process, at its inferior face, the bony prolongation, about two centimeters long is found. Unfortunately during the preparation of the skeleton, it has not been possible to see if the terminal point was continued by a fibrous or cartilaginous extension, as in this case it would have proved that it was the first rib with its prolongation.—(JI] Nuovo Ercolani.) Dr. N. S. Mayo, of Orion, Mich., has accepted the chair of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science in the Virginia Poly- technic Institute (agricultural and mechanical college), and will enter upon his duties September I. As a result of the practice act recently passed in the State of Colorado the governor of that commonwealth has appointed a state board of veterinary examiners. The governor’s wisdom has been exemplified in the appointment of the following gentle- men on the board: Drs. W. W. Yard and Brocker, of Denver, and Dr. Geo. W. Dickey, of Colorado Springs. UNDER the heading ‘ The Docking of Horses,” the Live Stock Journal, Chicago, of July 22, quotes President Ruther- ford, of the A. V. M. A., as follows: “The majority of horses look much better undocked, and the practice is, after all, only a fashion or fad, which undoubt- edly can be abolished without injury to anyone and at ‘a great saving of pain and discomfort to the equine species. Not only is the operation itself painful, but the subsequent life-long annoy- ance and irritation to which docked horses are subjected in the summer time from the attack of flies especially when at pasture, is in itself a sufficient argument against the practice. I was pleased to see that Dr. James, one of our city veterinary prac- titioners, had the courage to come out openly over his own signa- ture denouncing the practice, and stating that from this time on he would never dock another horse. It would be a good thing if all veterinary practitioners through the country would take the same views, as their influence in bringing about a change in public opinion on this point would be very great.” It is with much pleasure and satisfaction that we here repro- duce the sentiments of the Veterinary Director-General of Can- ada, with whom we are in accord on the subject. SOCIETY MEETINGS. VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION OF NEW JERSEY. The twenty-fifth anniversary of the organization of the Vet- erinary Medical Association of New Jersey was celebrated at Atlantic City, July 15-16, 1909. The association assembled in the parlors of the Hotel Ra- leigh, July 15, at 2 p. m., with President J. B. Hopper in the chair. The following members were present: Carter, Christy, Conover, Fredericks,-Glennon (James T.), Hendren, Horner, Hurley, Jones, Lindsay, Little, Loblein, Lowe (J. Payne), Lowe (William Herbert), Magill, McDonough, Paulin, Read, Rogérs (Thomas B.), Runge, Smith (Thomas E.). The following guests were also present: Hon. Franklin P. Stoy, Mayor of Atlantic City; Hon. Franklin Dye, Secretary of the New Jersey State Board of Agriculture, Trenton; Frederick C. Minkler, Professor of Animal Husbandry, New Jersey Ex- periment Station, Rutgers College, New Brunswick; James Hunter, Jr., M. D., Westville; Dr. Benjamin Pierce and wife, Springfield, Mass.; Prof. S. J. J. Harger, University of Penn- sylvania; Dr. John Reichel, Bacteriologist of the Live Stock Sanitary Board of Pennsylvania, and wife; Hon. T. E. Burke, President Board of Fire Commissioners, Newark, N. J.; Dr. C. J. Marshall, Vice-President American Veterinary Medical A’sso- ciation, Philadelphia; Mr. Walter I. Rogers, Woodbury, N. J.;: Dr. F. H. Schneider, Philadelphia; Dr. William J. Lentz and wife, Philadelphia; Dr. M. W. Drake, Philadelphia; Dr. Otto G. Noack. Reading, Pa.; Dr. Thomas Castor, Philadelphia; Dr. L. J. Belloff, New Brunswick, N. J.; Dr. T. E. Smith’s mother and niece May, Jersey City; Dr. James T. Glennon’s mother and son Edward, Newark, N. J.; Mrs. John B. Hopper, Ridgewood; Mrs. J. H. Conover, Flemington; Mrs. J. B. Jones. Atlantic City; Miss McLoughlin, Philadelphia: Mrs. A. E. Hanner. Newark; Mrs. H. W. Read, Freehold: Mrs. R. W. Carter, Jobstown; Mrs. Werner Runge: Mrs. S. G. Hendren, Montclair; Mrs. William Herbert Lowe, Paterson. 782 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 733 The president introduced Hon. Franklin P. Stoy, Mayor of Atlantic City, who extended a most cordial welcome to all those in attendance. Dr. Wm. Herbert Lowe in behalf of the associa- ‘tion and its guests responded to ae Mayor’s address in an ap- propriate manner. ELEGRAM FROM THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. Hartford Depot, Conn., July 15, 1909. eterinary Medical Association of New Jersey. Dr. Wm. Herbert Lowe, Secretary, Hotel Raleigh, Atlantic City, N. J. For the past twenty-five years our hearty congratulations. or the years to come, best wishes and the helping hand. Alumni Association, Veterinary Dept., University of Penn- sylvania. Colton, President. | AFFECTIONATE SOUVENIRS FROM PROFESSOR LIAUTARD. (This letter was received too late to be read at the meeting, but is included in this report, for the benefit of those interested. ) Paris, France, July 8, 1909. Dr. Wm. Herbert Lowe, Secretary. } My. Dear Doctor.—Your very kind letter of June 28 reached ‘me this a.m. If I was what I used to be, I might take the boat to-morrow, but even then I would be too late, as at best I could not reach your meeting until it would be over.: This letter will indeed errive in my place and that not before the 17th. At any rate let me tell you how [| appreciate your invitation; let me assute you of my warmest and sincere wishes for your asso- ‘ciation and yourself personally, and ask you to convey to your ‘colleagues the affectionate souvenirs of one who would be so happy if he could only once again visit you. | Yours very cordially, A. LIAUTARD. _. Excellent papers were read and ably discussed as follows: “The Standardization of Drugs,” Dr. T. B. Rogers, Woodbury ; “Demonstration of Arsenic Tests,’ Mr. Walter Irving Rogers, Woodbury; “ Methods Employed in the Eradication of the Re- cent Outbreak of Foot-and-Mouth Disease,” Dr. S. G. Hendren, acy i See he ae, 734 SOCIETY MEETINGS. Montclair; *‘‘ Opportunities for Live Stock Breeding in New Jersey,” Prof. Frederick C. Minkler, New Brunswick; “ The Responsibilities of the Veterinarian in Matters of Public Health,”’ James Hunter, Jr., M. D., Westville. The banquet was held at the Hotel Raleigh on the evening of July 15, and was an affair long to be remembered. President Hopper officiated as toastmaster in a most entertaining manner. The following toasts were responded to: ‘Our Past Presi- dents,” Dr. E. L. Loblein; “ Veterinary History,” Dr. William Herbert Lowe; “ The Agriculturist and the Veterinarian,’ Hon. Franklin Dye. Hon. T. E. Burke was called upon and responded to the toast ‘ Our Guests”? in a very humorous and entertaining manner. Dr. R. R. Ramsey, Jersey City, was elected to membership. The resignation of Dr. Archibald McBride, Jersey City, was ac- cepted. Chairman Lindsay of the Legislation Committee reported progress. : The committee on the McDonough Five-Calked Horse Shoe reported favorably and a number of practitioners reported great benefit from the use of the five-calked shoe. On motion of the secretary, duly seconded by Dr. Loblein, the action of the state authorities in purchasing stallions for the improvement of the draft horses of the state was endorsed by a unanimcus vote. Dr. C. J. Marshall extended an invitation to his New Jersey confréres to attend the next meeting of the Pennsylvania State Veterinary Medical Association to be held at Lancaster, August 31. | The president appointed delegates as follows: Pennsyl- vania—Drs. Hurley, Harker, Carter. T. B. Rogers, McDonald and Little. New York, at Ithaca—Drs. J. Payne Lowe, J. T. Glennon, McDonough, Loblein, Lindsay. American Veterinary Medical Association, at Chicago—Lindsay, Magill, Horner, Hur- ley, I. B. Rogers, Runge and Jones. After the transaction of routine business the association ad- journed to meet at Jersey City January 13, IgIo. Wm. HERBERT Lowe, Secretary. *Published elsewhere in this issue of the REVIEW. SOCIETY MEETINGS. 735 “MINNESOTA STATE VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSO- ; CIATION.* The twelfth semi-annual meeting was called to order at Still- water, Minn., July 14, 1909, by the president, Dr. C. E. Cotton, ‘at 10 a. m. Roll call showed thirty members present. : Reading of the minutes of the last meeting dispensed with on “motion of Dr. Amos, seconded by Dr. C. A. Mack. Address of welcome by Mayor J. W. Foley, who delivered a ‘short but touching address, which was ably responded to by Dr. M. H. Reynolds. _ Moved by Dr. Amos, seconded by Dr. LaPointe, to extend a vote of thanks to Mayor Foley for his able address of welcome. Carried. Dr. Cotton spoke very feelingly on the address of wel- come in extending the vote of thanks to Mayor Foley. Treas- urer’s report read and accepted subject to the report of Finance Committee at the end of the year. Dr. C. A. Mack gave a very elaborate report on “ Colleges,”’ which was accepted, and discussed by Drs. Cotton, Reynolds and 5S. H. Ward. - Dr. Ward, in the absence of the Committee on Infectious Diseases, gave a report on “ Government Investigations of Foot -and Mouth Disease Originating from Vaccine of Cow Pox.” The doctor then, as chairman of the Committee on Legislation and Empirics, reported on the bills that had been introduced relative to testing of cattle, etc. Dr. Ward L. Beebe, not being present, his repert on Bac- teriology was read by the secretary. After the reception of six applications for membership, an adjournment for luncheon was called. A Directors’ meeting was called at 1.30 p. m., and the meet- ing reconvened at 2 o'clock. In the absence of Dr. McKenzie, Dr. La Pointe reported on “ Surgery.” Dr. W. Amos reported on “ Medicine.” Dr. M. H. Reynolds submitted a report of the Examining Board. : The Resolution Committee not having a member present, President Cotton appointed another committee who rendered the following report: ResoLtution.—Resolved, That the veterinary profession of Minnesota condemn the method of deception adopted by Dr. *Committee reports and papers will appear in another number. a ee Sate cael 736 SOCIETY MEETINGS. David Roberts to lull the people into a fake sense of security. That no one desirous of relieving the burdens of the public and claiming a professional degree resorts to expensive advertising to help them by appealing in this way for their money, but makes known any discovery of merit through the channels of the pro- fessional association. His claims are such as characterize them as not well founded, and if it was not for thoughtless endorse- ments of agricultural experiment stations often given by em- ployees, the implied endorsements by reputable agricultural and breeders’ journals, whose commercial ends often prostitute their. reading columns to the deception of their readers as well as en- couraging them to part with their money for remedies that have not been proven more valuabie than lines of treatment well known by every trained and educated veterinarian, this association would regard such a resolution as the present unnecessary, and such advertising schemes as beneath its notice. RESOLUTION ON THE DEATH OF Dr. Price.—Whereas, It has pleased the Almighty to call from our midst our beloved friend and valued member of this association, therefore, be it Resolved, That we, the members of this association, assem- bied here, do hereby express our heartfelt sympathy to the sor- rowing wife and family of our departed friend, Dr. Richard Price. And that a copy of these resolutions be sent to the be- reaved fanuly and also spread on the minutes of this association. Dr. J. W. GouLp, Dr. L. Hay, Dr. W. Amos, Dr. Walter Amos presented a paper on the subject of ‘‘ Our Society’s Welfare.” It was recommended that this paper be copied and a copy sent to each member. Dr. C. C. Lipp read a very interesting paper on the subject of ‘ Leucocytes and Tissue Metabolism.” Dr. Reynolds presented a very instructive paper on the “Practical Results of the Sero Vaccine Treatment for Hog Cholera.”’ 7 Dr. Humphry (M. D.) in the absence of Dr. Bolyen (M. ID.), read a paper on the “ Transmissibility of Human Tubercu- losis,” which was well written and ably defended. Dr. Coffeen reported a very interesting case of swamp fever in twelve (12) head of horses in different camps, losing only two (2) out of twelve (12) in nine (9) weeks’ treatment. In treat- ee a a =] SOCIETY MEETINGS. 73 ing these cases he used large doses of Fowler’s solution, 2 oz. every dose, three or four times a day, and 2 oz. of a solution of quinine in alcohol every four (4) hours, and after a few days giving Fowler’s solution three (3) times a day. Dr. Cotten urged all members to attend the A. V. M. A. at Chicago. Meeting adjourned. At 8 p. m. fifty members and ladies sat down to the ban- quet table at the Sawyer House, and a spread was served fit for aking. After the feast Dr. Cotton, acting as toastmaster, called upon the following, who responded in a very fitting manner: Dr. W. Amos, “ The Veterinarian’s Duty to His Profession ”’; Mrs. C. A. Mack, “ Our Guests’”’; Dr. J. N. Gould, “ The Vet- erinarian Politically and Socially’: Judge F. J. Wilson, “ Live Stock Industrv”: Mrs. G. Ed. Leach, “ The Veterinarian in Home Life’’; Dr. S. H. Ward, “ The Ladies.” Supt. Geo. Jar- chow was called upon and made a few points with short stories. The next day was spent in sight-seeing, visiting the State Prison, a trip on the river in launches, ending with a very enjoy- able time at dinner at the Anchorage, twelve miles below Still- water, and a lovely trip home in the evening. Everyone went away more than pleased with the meeting and entertainment. Dr. G. Ep. LEEcH, Secretary. ALABAMA VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. The Aiabama Veterinary Medical Association held its second - annual meeting at Auburn, Alabama, July 23 and 24, 1909, at the Veterinary Department of the Alabama Polytechnic Insti- tute. President C. C. Thach delivered a most excellent address of welcome to the visiting veterinarians. Dr. C. A. Cary gave an informa! talk on the applications of the State Live Stock Sani- tary Law of Alabama. Dr. W. A. Scott, of Columbus, Ga., read ‘a very interesting paper on Septic Metritis in cows. The treat- ment of tetanus was then discussed by all the veterinarians pres- ent. A variety of opinions were expressed and various treat- ments were suggested. Dr. G. W. Browning, of Montgomery, Ala., then read a paper on “‘ Echinacea Angustifolia in the Treat- ment of Influenza.” The doctor has had remarkable success with this drug, not only in influenza, but also in azoturia. Dr. 738 SOCIETY MEETINGS. I. S. McAdory, of Auburn, Ala., then read a paper on “ Chorea in Dogs,” in which he discussed at some length the more recent treatments for this trouble. Dr. W. L. Thornton then gave a demonstration in the Physiological Laboratory of the Veterin- ary Department to show the effect on the compression of a turtle’s heart between the ventricle and the auricle. Slight com- — pression did not prevent the wave of contraction passing regu- larly from the auricle to the ventricle through the bundle of His. Greater compression stopped the ventricle, and left only the auricle beatiug. Doctor Thornton also gave a demonstration of a simple and practical method of obtaining the approximate measure of the blocd pressure in the horse. Dr. M. F. Jackson, of Birmingham, Ala., gave an interesting talk on the methods of treating azoturia. The doctor places great stress on the em- ployment of slings and the use of strychnine to make the animal stand in the sling. He reported excellent results with this treat- ment. Dr. J. A. Kiernan, Federal Veterinarian in Charge of Tick Eradication in Tennessee, Mississippi and Alabama gave an interesting talk on the progress and value of tick eradication in Alabama. The doctor stated that tick eradication was the most important and valuable movement in the interest of agricultural improvement that had been undertaken by the Bureau of Animai Industry. This paper led to unanimous endorsement of a reso- lution favoring tick eradication, and calling upon the United States Government, various states interested and the county of- ficials in all the counties of tick-infested states to put more money behind this work, and to lend their influence in an educational campaign, and in actual work to wipe the tick off the map of the United States. A general discussion on the differential diagnosis and treatment of sunstroke brought forth lively and interesting . remarks from all the members present. Some confusion seemed to prevail as to the best treatment, also some disagreements as to diagnosis, but the consensus of opinion seemed to prevail that there was no specific treatment, and that all cases were not identical in their manifestations. The differentiation of osteo- porosis and rheumatism was next considered. Most of them agreed that there were cases where a positive set diagnosis could not be made, especially in the early stages of osteoporosis in which there was no enlargement of the bones. Some thought it possible that the two diseases might be present in the same ani- mal at the same time. Dr. P. F. Bahnsen of Americus, Ga., then read a very interesting and instructive paper on “ Differential a SOCIETY MEETINGS. 739 ; Diagnosis of Colics.” The doctor apparently takes the ground that colics embracing a variety of conditions which involve the alimentary canal from the stomach to the rectum. This paper was most extensively discussed, and it also brought forth, as usual, a variety of opinions and methods. It is:very probable _that the next annual meeting of this association will be held in Mobile, Alabama. i Seven visiting veterinarians and sixty farmers from various parts of the state were present. Seven new members were elected. Dr. P. F. Bahnsen, of Americus, Ga., was elected an honorary member of the association. i B CARY: THE VERMONT VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSO- CIATION. The second semi-annual meeting was held at the Berwick House, Rutland, Vermont, July 27, 1909. The meeting was called to order at 2.30 p. m. by the president, Dr. F. C. Wilkin- son, with nine veterinarians in attendance. Proceedings of the February meeting were read and approved. Remarks by the president, Dr. F. C. Wilkinson: ‘“ Gentle- men, I cannot but feel that I am placed in a very honorable posi- tion as your president, and at the same time that it is a position I cannot fill in the complete way that I should wish; but since you were so good as to choose me as the first president of the Vermont Veterinary Medical Association, I will do all in my power to rake up for my deficiencies, and I sincerely hope that this association may not suffer from your choice. Now, gentle- » men, before going further, allow me to thank you exceedingly for your kindness in electing me your president. I will ask your kind indulgence to my faults and shortcomings, and that you will, one and al!, assist me in carrying out the duties of the chair. With that assistance from you, which I am sure you will render to a brother, my share of the responsibilities will be im- mensely lightened. New Memeers.—Dr. Robert Wier, Rutland, Vt.; Dr. G. H. Farnsworth, Rutland, Vt., and Dr. A. C. Brodeur, Bellows Falls, Vt., were duly vouched for and elected to membership. The Committee on Association Seal, Dr. Stevenson, chair- man, made its report, as to form, size and inscription of seal. 740 SOCIETY MEETINGS. Motion by Dr. Robert Wier, seconded by Dr. J. C. Parker, that the president be empowered to fill temporarily any va-— cancies arising among the officers. Carried. PROGRAM.—‘ The Veterinarian in General,’ by Dr. J. aq Parker. Discussed by Drs. Robert Wier, F. C. Wilkinson and - J. C. Parker. * Faults ( Veterinary Advertising), iy Dr). & FE, Barr; discussion by Dr. F. C. Wilkinson. “ Parasitic Enter-_ itis ( Translation),” by Dr. F. C. Wilkinson; discussed by Drs. O. E. Barr and J. C. Parker. Report of Cases—Tetanus, by Dr. F.C. Wilkinson; discussed by Drs. O. E. Barr, F. C. Wilkinson, J.C. Parker, Robert Wier and R. J. Vosburgh. ‘‘ A Disease Sim- ilar, if not Meningitis,” by Dr. Geo. T. Stevenson; discussion by Drs. Robert Wier, F. C. Wilkinson, J. C. Parker, R. J. Vos- burgh and F. W. Chamberlain. Motion by Dr. F. W. Chamberlain, seconded by Dr. Geo. T. Stevenson, that an official stenographer be employed at our meet- ings, that more complete proceedings may be secured for pres- ervation. Carried. Executive Committee decided that the next regular meeting of the Association be held at White River Junction, January 19, IQIO. A motion by Dr. Parker, seconded by Dr. Geo. H. Farns- worth, that the secretary provide a banquet for the next meeting of the Association, each member present bearing his share of the expense. Carried. The members enjoyed a social time. wAdinvirned 6 p. m., July 27, 1909. FRANK W. CHAMBERLAIN, Secretary-Treasurer. SCHUYLKILE: VALLEY VETERINARY : MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. : The annual session of the Schuylkill Valley Veterinary Asso- ciation was called to order by Dr. Geo. R. Fetherolf, who occu- pied the chair in the absence of the president and vice-president, at the Board of Trade Room, Reading, Wednesday, June 16. After roll call the minutes ae the previous meeting were read and approved. 7 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 741 A few interesting communications were read. The Commit- tee on Meat and Milk Inspection reported favorably on the work of milk hygiene. They offered the following resolution: We, the Schuylkill Valley Veterinary Association, in con- vention assembied, believe that the system of milk and meat in- spection promulgated by the Board of Council of Reading has . already shown its worthiness. We, therefore, heartily commend the city council for instituting meat and milk inspection for pro- tection of the honest dealer and consumer, and in fighting tuber- culosis, this serious disease. Again, we, furthermore, endorse the stand taken by the Retail Butchers’ Association in support- ing milk and meat inspection and deplore the fact that the milk- men who are in favor of inspection are seemingly trying to ob- struct the progress of the city. Election af officers resulted as follows: President—I. C. Newhord. Vice-President—A. R. Potteiger. Recording Secretary—W. G. Huyett. Corresponding Secretary—C. D. Graber. Treasurer—U. S. G. Bieber. All the officers were elected by acclamation upon a motion. Essays AND Paprers.—-Valuable case reports were offered in Dr. Huyett’s paper, and brought forth much discussion. An essay entitled “ The Great Importance of Milk Inspec- tion ’’’ was read by Dr. Geo. R. Fetherolf, City Milk and Meat Inspector, who deserves much credit for such an able paper. Adjourned. Next meeting of this organization is Wednes- day, Dec. 15, 1909. W. G. Huvetrt, Secretary. MAINE STATE VETERINARY ASSOCIATION. RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED BY MAINE STATE VETERINARY ASsO- CIATION. Whereas, At a meeting of the Maine State Veterinary Asso- ciation held at the Bangor House in the city of Bangor, on the - fourteenth day of April, A. D., 1909, it having been shown that certain Doctors of Veterinary Surgery holding positions as Vet- erinary Inspectors, with fair and equitable compensation and en- 742 SOCIETY MEETINGS. joying the prestige and influence which said positions carry, and utilizing said positions to increase their private clientele to the damage and financial loss of all the other members of said association at said Bangor, the said association at said Bangor meeting, unanimously Resolved, That the said Government Inspectors be compelled by the Bureau of Animal Industry to devote all their time and energy to the duties of said positions; that they retire from pri- vate practice or from their positions as Government Inspectors, and it was further Resolved, That if any or all of said Government Inspectors refuse to retire from practice that their resignation as said Gov- ernment Inspectors be requested, and if refused that said Govern- ment Inspectors be discharged; and it was further Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions he forwarded to Dr. Melvin, Chief of Bureau of Animal Industry and to the AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW, of New York. W. H. Lyncu, D. V. S., Portland. C. L. BLaxety, M. D. V., Augusta. I. L. Satrey, D. V. S., Skowhegan. Committee on Resolutions. THE VETERINARY ASSOCIATION OF MANITOBA. The semi-annual meeting of this association took the form of a clinic at the Agricultural College, on Wednesday, July 14, the following members present: Drs. Bryant, Dauphin; S. A. Coxe, Brandon; W. A. Dunbar, Winnipeg; J. F. Fisher, Bran- don; J. A. Hackett, Hartney; G. P. Hayter, Birtle; W. Hilton, Winnipeg; A. G. Husband, Belmont; J. J. Irwin, Stonewall; M. Little, Pilot Mount; W. Little, Boissevain; D. H. McFadden, — Emerson; C. D. McGilvray, Winnipeg; J. D. McGillivray, Win- nipeg; L. McQueen, Selkirk; W. Manchester, Wawanesa; M.'B. Rombough, Winnipeg; S. Robinson, Brandon; W. H. Smith, Carman; M. B. Stiver, Elgin; J. H. Todd, Grand View; F. Tor- rance, Winnipeg: E. P. Westell, Winnipeg; A. E. Williamson, Winnipeg; and T. Z. Woods, Winnipeg. Visitors, Drs. Cook, of Winnipeg, and Grenside, of New York. Se a ee ee SOCIETY MEETINGS. 7438 The cases presented for treatment were: Case 1.—Chronic tendonitis in front leg. Treatment—actual cautery in lines. Operator, Dr. J. F. Fisher. Case I].—Ringbone. Treatment—actual cautery in lines. Operater, Dr. C. D. McGilvray. Case I11.—* Roaring.” Treatment—removal of part of the vocal chord with suture of the remainder. Operator, Dr. Rom- bough. Case 1V.—Cryptorchid. Operator, Dr. Bryant. Case V.—Tendonitis and incipient navicularthritis. Treat- ment—miedian neurectomy. Operator, Dr. Torrance. After the clinic the members were entertained at lunch in the dining room of the college and then inspected the different buildings and their equipment. F. TorRRANCE, Secretary-Treasurer. SOUTH DAKOTA STATE VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. The ninth annual meeting was held at the Auditorium, in Sioux Falls, July 13 and 14, 1909, Dr. C. McDowell presiding. President McDowell gave a very interesting opening address, which was followed by the regular business meeting. The election of officers resulted as follows: President—C. D. Tuttle, Canton, South Dakota. First Vice-President—S. W. Allen, Watertown, South Da- kota. Second Vice-President Dakota. Secretary-Treasurer—J. A. Graham, Sioux Falls, South Da- kota. Thirteen new members were elected. The examining board met for the first time, as the law on came operative July 1. There were 26 applicants for examina- tion, 23 of whom passed the board. | Forty-two non-graduates were licensed under the five year clause. The examining board consists of the following gentle- men: E. L. Mcore, Brookings, S. D.; J. P. Foster, Huron, S. Hallerscheld, Aberdeen, South 744 SOCIETY MEETINGS. D.; C. McDowell, Watertown, S. D.; J. C. Trotter, Beresford, S. D.; J. A. Graham, Sioux Falls, S$, D. - The afterncon was devoted to a clinic, which was conducted at the Graham and McGilvray Veterinary Hospital. In the eve- ning a banquet was enjoyed by the members and their wives at the Cataract Hotel. Several interesting addresses were given by members of the association. The next meeting will be held in Sioux Falis, July, 1910. J. A. GRAHAM, Secretary-Treasurer. CONNECTICUT VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSO- CIATION. The semi-annual meeting of the Connecticut Veterinary Medical Association was held on Aug. 3d at Dr. Thos. Bland’s Veterinary Hospital, Waterbury, Conn., Dr. P. T. Kelley pre- siding. Twenty-three members were in attendance. The clinic commenced about 11 a. m. The first subject was a 10-year-old driving mare. History—A kicker and unsafe to drive or to go near her hind extremities. Oophorectomy was performed by Dr. V. M. Knapp, of Danbury. Both ovaries were very large and cystic. Spaying bitch median line, Dr. C. H. Beers: Spaying bitch flank operation, Dr. F. C. Bushnell. Castration of cryptorchid, Dr. Thos. Bland. Opening the larynx of a horse that had been operated upon for roaring on the 9th of January, this year; the union of the cartilage to the laryngeal wall was perfect, the cicatrix not being perceptible. Two tufty growths were found about an inch long on either side of the larynx posterior to the arytenoid cartilages, These growths were clipped away with curved scissors and cau- terized with the platinum cautery. There seemed to be no nar- rowing of the lumen of the larynx, although the larynx itself was considerably hardened, showing commencing ossification. Operators—Loveland, Knapp and Bland. Anzsthetizer—Ly- man. A very interesting and instructive operation was performed by Dr. R. P. Lyman, removing about three inches of intestine from a fox terrier bitch. Ne ee eS ee, ea eo | SOCIETY MEETINGS. 745 At this writing all the animals operated upon have made a perfect recovery. After the clinic the members enjoyed a banquet at the Abagadasset Club, where many pleasant toasts were indulged ‘in. Discussions relating to the clinic and many other subjects _were the features of the evening. B. K. Dow, Secretary. : THE brood-mare Flair, from the estate of the late Sir Daniel Cooper, brought $80,000 at Tattersall’s, London, recently. : THE investigation by the United States Department of Agri- culture into the charges against the meat inspection service under the B. A. L, by J. T. Harms, has shown them to be groundless. THERE'S room for both the automobile and the horse, and al- though if the horse is skittish the automobile may crowd him into the ditch, it isn’t likely to crowd him to the wall. The old family nag will long maintain his supremacy in his own field. The human love for horse flesh can’t be narcotized by mere ma- _chinery.—The Hartford Times. ; Dr. F. C. Grensipe, of New York City, has recently re- turned from an extended trip through Canada and the North- west. Going, the doctor attended the meeting of the Veterinary Association of Manitoba and the industrial fair at Winnipeg, then went on to Vancouver and down to Seattle, where he at- tended the Alaska-Yukon Exposition; then, coming home, visited Kansas City, spending some time with the veterinarians of that place and visiting the Kansas City Veterinary College, and, at Chicago, doing likewise. A month was devoted to the trip. Saip Abd-el-Kader: ‘ A thoroughbred horse is one that has three things long, three things short, three things broad, and three things clean. The three things long are the ears, the neck and the forelegs. The three things short are the dock, the hind legs and the back. The three things broad are the forehead, the chest and the croup. The three things clean are the skin, the eyes and the hoof.” Also: “If a horse, when drinking from a stream that flows level with the ground, can remain upright on all fours without bending either of his forelegs, be assured that his form is perfect, that all parts of his body harmonize and that he is thoroughbred.”—Rider and Driver. f : y ; : NEWS AND ITEMS. Dr. J. Martin Rice, Bobcaygeon, Ont., Canada, has gone to England to take up post-graduate work at the Royal Veterinary College, London, under Sir John McFadyean. Dr. A. T. Fercuson,. of Marshall, Texas, has gone to Amar- illo, that state, to assume charge of the stock yards there during the absence of Dr. Hugh Maxwell who has gone to Canada to take a post-graduate course. Dr. Maxwell will return to his post next April. Tue faculty of the Department of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania is being enlarged and reorgan- ized. Dr. John W. Adams, who has been Professor of Veterin- ary Surgery and Obstetrics for several years, will continue in that position, but will devote all of his time to the work of the school and the hospital, instead of a part of his time as heretofore. He will also have charge of the surgical clinic in the hospital. Dr. C. J. Marshall, who has been Demonstrator of Clinical Medicine for several years, has been elected Professor of Veterinary Medi- cine, and will have charge of the medical clinic in the hospital. Dr. W. J. Lentz has been elected Assistant Professor of Veterinary Surgery and Obstetrics, and Dr. Stephen Lockett, Assistant Pro- fessor of Veterinary Medicine. Drs. Marshall, Lentz and Lockett will also give all their time to the work of the school and hos- pital. The reorganization has not yet been completed and addi- tional appointments will be announced later. Another portion of the new building and equipment will be ready for the use of the students when they return at the opening of the session in Sep- tember. | FEDERAL QUARANTINE BECAUSE OF SHEEP SCAB IN KEN- TuCcKy.—The disease of sheep known as scab or scabies has be- come so prevalent in Kentucky that the Secretary of Agriculture has considered it necessary to declare a quarantine. This action comes after a thorough examination into conditions. The fact that the disease is contagious, being spread by parasites known as scab mites, makes necessary a measure of protection sufficient 746 NEWS AND ITEMS. ‘TAT to prevent its spread into other states. Infection is known to ex- ist to a slight extent in two adjoining states, but conditions there are not serious enough to require Federal quarantine. The order for the quarantine, which is effective August 16, provides that sheep shall be moved interstate from Kentucky only under the following conditions: Sheep that are diseased with scabies and that have been dipped once in an approved dip under the supervision of an inspector of the Bureau of Animal Industry within ten days before shipment may be shipped inter- state to a recognized slaughtering center for immediate slaughter. Tf diseased sheep are to be shipped interstate for stocking or feeding purposes, they shali be dipped twice with an interval of ten days. Other sheep may be moved interstate for feeding or stocking purposes after one dipping under government super- vision, or they may be shipped interstate under quarantine re- .strictions for immediate slaughter without dipping. Inspection and dipping under the regulations will be per- formed only at points where Federal inspectors are stationed. Louisville is at present the only place in the state having dipping facilities, but if proper yarding and dipping facilities should be installed at other points, the Department of Agriculture would consider the advisability of establishing inspection at such places for the convenience of shippers. For many years sheep scab has been quite prevalent in the West, but as a result of the combined efforts of the Federal and state authorities much territory has been entirely freed and the infection in other sections has been greatly reduced, andj it is hoped that within a few years more the disease will be entirely stamped out. This is the first time that the disease has obtained a sufficient foothold east of the Mississippi River to require a Federal quarantine. Information regarding the conditions of the quarantine and details of treatment and handling may be obtained free by ad- dressing a request to the Bureau of Animal Industry, Washing- ton. D. C.—From the Bureau of Animal Industry, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. | THE Score-Carp System oF Datry INSPEcTION.—Modern investigations in dairy sanitation have shown the importance of producing and handling milk under clean conditions, and a sig- _ nificant factor in attaining that result is the score-card system of dairy inspection, according to Messrs. Clarence B. Lane and George M. Whitaker in a report just published by the Bureau — 748 NEWS AND ITEMS. of Animal Industry of the United States Department of Agri- culture. The main advantage that they attribute to the score- card system is that it deals with itemized conditions. City milk inspection a few years ago was merely a matter of detecting added water or preservatives. With recent progress in sanitary science the work has broadened, and boards of health are now investigating the sanitary phases of milk production, transpor- tation and distribution. In the smaller cities most of the milk consumed is retailed by the producer, and even in places of considerable size many producers are also retailers. In cases where the functions of pro- ducer and retailer are merged in one person an inspection of the dairy farm discloses the methods of distribution as well as production, and the dairy farm score-card answers all purposes under such conditions. As cities grow, middlemen become a necessity and their. places of business are more familiarly known as “plants.” These plants have wide range of capacity, equipment and meth- ods. One extreme is a building 300 to 400 feet long on a spur of a railroad where milk is received by the trainload, cooled, mixed, filtered, perhaps pasteurized, canned or bottled, and held in cold storage until retailed in the city. The other extreme is the dealer retailing only a few gallons who may have no plant and his equipment consist of only a carrier can and a quart measure which were washed in the kitchen sink with the family dishes; or he may have fitted up the dark, illy ventilated base- ment of his residence as a “‘ milk plant,’ with a wooden tank for cooling the milk, a few dozen bottles, a washtub in which to cleanse them, a dipper for filling, and a brush to agitate luke- warm water inside the bottles. It does not necessarily follow that all small dealers adopt improper practices, but the chances are that the ordinary milkman with small capital and only a little at stake will not take as much care as a person differently situated. For the past two vears the Bureau of Animal Industry through its Dairy Division has been making a study of dairy inspection with a view to developing a system that would be practical and comprehensive, and has assisted the authorities of a number of cities in different sections of the country in applying such methods for the improvement of their milk sup- plies. Some results of this work, together with instructions for using the score-card system, are given in the publication oo eee eS ee ee ee pt re NEWS AND ITEMS. 749 referred to, which may be had by addressing a request to the Bureau at Washington, D. C., for Circular 1309. A striking example of the possibility of improving dairy conditions through the score-card system is shown in the re- port of 20 dairies at Richmond, Va., which made the greatest percentage of gain from the first score to the last during a period of six months. The lowest score was 20 points on a scale of 100. ‘ This place,” said the health officer, ‘‘ was indescribably bad. Seventeen cows were huddled into two dark, foul sheds, with about 200 cubic feet of air space to each cow. The water supply was grossly contaminated. The milk was poured from dirty milk pails into cans which stood in manure in a dirty stable yard. Everything was in keeping with this partial picture.” This dairyman immediately took steps to meet the requirements of the scoring system in use, and his scores showed steady im- provement visit by visit, the last score showing 62.5, which was above the average. The same health officer further states: “Common justice demands that full credit should be given to the milk producers and to the city dairymen for their share in what has been accomplished. To anyone who was familiar with the conditions under which milk was produced and sold in this city a year ago, a visit to the dairy farms supplying us with milk at the present time would prove little short of astonishing. On every hand new stables have been erected and old ones im- proved, milk houses have gone up, stable yards improved and most important of all, better methods of milking, handling and transporting milk.” Many large dealers employ an inspector to give dairies sup- plying them with milk a rating on the basis of the score-card, requiring them to reach a certain standard or stop shipping milk. To illustrate: One large milk company added the following note to the list of prices: ‘‘ These prices apply only to those dairy- men whose premises are scored 60 per cent. or higher by the de- partment of health. Those who score less than this will have a reduced price paid, and milk from.dairies scoring less than = per cent. is not desired and will not be accepted.” Unless public sentiment demands a good quality of milk and consumers are ready to meet the increased cost, improvement must necessarily be slow. James Apptson Hicks, of Kerens, W. Va., used to heal horses of the bots by the “laying on of hands.” Before the 750 NEWS AND ITEMS. old mountaineer’s death a few months ago, he was induced to — tell the secret of how he did it. | “Why, it’s not so terrible remarkable when you just know how,” said Mr. Hicks. ‘ You first catch your horse, then you Hleed him in the mouth—the second bar in the roof—mind you, the second. I'll show you just how it is done if you hold that horse’s_ head. | “ After you bleed him you commence to rub him between the ears, continuing down his spine to the tip of his tail—the very tip of his tail, mind you. “ But that isn’t all. You must jerk his tail good and hard, so it really surprises him; then slap him in the flank rather sharply, so he’ll eye your advances coldly. “IT suppose you think that’s all; but it ain’t. Most impor- tant of all is the rhyme you must say. It ain’t exactly poetry— blank verse, guess. Anyway, this is what you say, and you must say it three times or it won’t do a mite of good: “My wife walks over the land, Carrying three worms in her. hand; One red, one black, one white, And they ail shall die this night.’ “I ’most forgot to tell you that I say ‘My wife, because she’s dead. A woman would say ‘ My husband’ if he’s dead; or ‘My mother,’ or any one who is dead. I have never failed to cure a case in sixty years, and people far and near know I do just what I claim.” 3 “And you don’t use any medicine?’ queried the skeptical New Yorker. “To be sure I do,’ was the indignant protest. “I’m no Dowieite, and don’t believe in healing by the laying on of hands alone. I’m a commonsense Christian, and believe in com- bining just ordinary hoss. sense with religion. That’s why I follow the laying on of hands with a good dose of salts.” A veterinary surgeon would probably say that when the horse is bled the blood runs into the stomach and rouses the bot worms to gluttony. Then they die in their wantonness and the salts do the rest.—Magazine Section, New York World, Sunday, July 25, 1900. VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION MEETINGS. 751 . Name of Organization. D Neca oo ad Name and Address Secretary. Sent ASS Nowe, ¥ .-Acy. Ci cces| uccccsscuhesceas W. 54th St. L. Glynn, N. Y. City. pAmerican V. M. Ass’n.........s0% Sept. 7-10, 1909.| Chicago....... K P. Lyman, Hartford, ConA. Arkansas Veterinary PEE: . . sc Gaeeews so dine. «< Vis vec ues wes oes Horace E. Rice, Little Rock. Ass’n Médécale. Veterinare Fran-| 1st and 3d Thur.| Lec.Room,La- Me CMM LAVGE. «iis cis. ose of each month} val Un’ 'y,Mon. oes, P. A. Houde, Montreal. © B. A.I. Vet. In. A., Chicago...... 2d Fri. ea. mo...| Chicago....... D. Tierney, Chicago, Ill. California State V. M. Ass’n......| ......cse.eesecs, San Fr Me et. Hogarty, | Oakland. Dery Camas V MO sss ce seu bcs 0sndss nt egeh a. Ottawa ....... A. E. James, Ottawa. _ Chicago Veterinary Society....... 2d Tues. ea. mo.} Chicago ...... . M. Parks,’ Chicago. Roe coeece Vi. MEM 6 5400] sscvcwetssnsdwees Denver ....... . Woodliffe, Denver. moemncescut: V. M. AGM ol Cu. | eswlewsnvanstae co New Haven ..| B. Pile Willimantic. Genesee Valley V. M. Ass’n...... od wk. inJan.,’1o. Rochester..... i H. ‘Tay lor, Henrietta. » Georgia State V. M.A............ Nov. 16-17, 1909. Athens........ F. Bah nsen, Americus. - Hamilton Co. (Ohio) go aa Sa nas < mse ihe Pate peer ak Louis P. Cook, incinnati. meaumois otate V. M. ASS'Ns. cesses] sccucecce nacsnns Bloomington.. so Crawford, Harvard. _ Illinois V. M. and Surg. A........ Jan. and Aug...| Louisville..... A. Swain, Mt. Pulaski. _ Indiana Veterinary Association...| January, 1910...| Indianapolis..| E. 'M. Bronson, Indianapolis. meme Veterinary ASSN... ccc cece]. coeccévcccunecse Ft. Dodge....| H.C. Simpson, Denison. Kansas State V. M. Ass’n........ Jan. 4-5, 1910...| Manhattan....| B. Rogers, Manhattan. ~ Kentucky V. M. dete ra ge oa on ern Not decided ..| D. A. Piatt, Lexington. “a Keystone 1, eh Beg ee es Monthly cewaakye Philadelphia... | S. Lockett, Glenolden. ' mousse state Vi MM: Ase’ oi. o. | acs vscccwstssuceset pieauenydeuecas ee Es Flower, Baton Rouge. _ Maine Vet. Med. Ass’n........... Oct. 13, 1909...-| Waterville....| A. Joly, Waterville. Maryland State Vet. Society......| ...ccccscccsccees Baltimore.....| H. H. Counselman, Sec’y. Massachusetts Vet. Ass’n......... Monthly........ Boston. . +s. Wm. T. White, Newtonville. Michigan State V. M. Ass’n...... Jan. 25- 6. 1910.| Saginaw ...... Judson Black, Richmond. Minnesota State V. M. Ass’n.....] ...cseceecenseves Stillwater ....| G. Ed. Leech, Winona. mreeeros tote VV. MS Ase i iol css ewdacacakva ned ba kenetaoicuens Be C. Robert Agricultural Col. ' Missouri Valley V. Ass’n......... February, 1g910..| Kansas ah F. ig eid FortCollins,Colo. = Missouri Vet. Med. Aso’n:...5 c.nic| ecccscectseeccces St. Josephs. F. F. Brown, Kansas City. PL MECMeasie etAte Vi DAs Assi. pecksss| cousccesecscec ---| Helena........ W.S. Swank, Miles City. - Nebraska V. M. nrggtn pe Re ay Sean h ae atm el Grand Island.| H. Ge aon Wee 3 Water. New York S. V..M. Soc’y.........| ssecscceesceseces TEDAOD os 25s eke De Vine, en. - North Carolina v. LE aA Ba Mae) Wilmington .. ‘Adam Fisher, Charlotte. _ North Dakota V. M. Ass’n........ Call of Sec’y....| Fargo ........ C. H. Martin, Valley City. SRSEOO NY PAR iiss as ev < Lino ee Remi eos ws ane Columbus..... Se ae D.M ers, Wilmington Ohio Soc. of Comparative Med..| Annually ....... Up’rSandusky} F heets, Van Wert, Ohio. CRE EMO Cece i ic oe ue] Sake bs cndscediane hi bkpi suns cane snie Wi . Martin, El Reno. UMaiaTs WHE: ABN oC ik « cont vaens ¥Ouec ou nase} Sie uuaenacciss C. H. Sweeta sple, ao Passaic Co. V. M: Ass'n... . 50.055 Call of Chair...| Paterson, N.J.| H. K. Berry, Paterson, N Pennsylvania State V. M.A...... BODE. sn se tabaeys Philadelphia..| F.H. Schuelder; Philadelphia. Philippine V. M. A.........eeeeee| cececeeccsceeeces| sesseeeeeee eed Chas. G. Thomson, Manila. Province of Quebec V. M. A......] scssecessscceeeess Mon. and a Gustave Bo er,Rigaud, FP: 0. Rhode Island V. M. Ass’n........ Jan. and June..| Providence ...| J. S. Pollard, Providence. St. Louis Soc. of Vet. Inspectors.| 1st Wed. fol. the 2d Sun. ea. mo.} St. Louis..... Wm.T.Conway,St.Louis,Mo. cam fo ill Valley V. M,A........ Dec. 15, 1909....| Reading...... W.G. Huyett, Wernersville. Soc. Vet. ogee Unter enn.: :..| veces. cee ses Philadelphia. .| B. - Woodward, Wash’n, D.C. South Dakota V. M.A........... July, 1910....... Sioux Falls...| J. A. Graham, Sioux Falls. VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION MEETINGS. In the accompanying table the data given is reported by many Secretaries as being of great value to their Associations, and it is to be regretted that some neglect to inform us _ of the dates and places of their meetings. Secretaries are earnestly requested to see that their organizations are properly included ‘in the following list : Southern Auxiliary ‘of California State V. M. So. St. — Aw n of Vet. Insp.. Texas SS ll: «ce aaeaeneien « Twin City V. M. Vermont Vet. Med. fein n Veterinary Ass’n of Alberta... .. Vet. Ass’n Dist. of Columbia..... Vet. Ass’n of Manitoba.......... Vet. Med. Ass’n of N. J.......05. V.M. Ass’n, New York City... Veterinary Practitioners’ Club.. Virginia State V. M.A Washington State Col. V. Washington State V. M.A....... Western Penn. V. M. Ass’n....... Wisconsin Soc. Vet. Grad........ York Co. (Pa.) V. M re Jan. Apl.Jy.Oct. thTues. ea. mo. all Exec. Com. 2d Thu. ea. mo. Jan. 19th, 1910.. 3d Wed.ea. mo.. “i Seared... ss an. 13, 1910. Ist Wed. ea. mo. .| Monthly ae er ee Sept. 7; 1909... Los Angeles... 407 Ill. Ave.... St.P.-Minneap White Riv. Jc. th St., S14 Jerse 141 a ape Sty Poi ampton..... ‘| Seattle... .| Pittsburgh. . Grand Rapids. -| York, . A. Edmonds, Los Angeles. . R. Collins, So. St. Joseph. R. P. Marsteller, Colle e Sta. S. H. Ward, St. Paul, al F.W.Chamberlain, Burlin Cory Eis Sweetapple, . Saskatchewan, Alta., M. Page Smith, Wash., D.C. F. Torrance, Winni W. Herbert Lowe, aterson. .| W. Reid Blair, N. Y. City. A.F. Mount, Jersey City. W.G. Chrisman, Charlo’sv’le. R.G. McAlister, Pullman. . T. Seely, Seattle. . Weitzel, Allegheny. 2 West, "Madison. be Bausticker, York, Pa. oe Can, PUBLISHERS’ DEPARTMENT. Subscription price, $3 per annum, invariably in advance; Canadian subscriptions, $3.26 ; foreign countries, $3.60; students while attending college, $2; Students in Canada, $2.25; single copies, 25 cents. Rejected manuscripts will not be returned unless postage is forwarded. Subscribers are earnestly requested to notify the Business Manager immediately upon changing their address. Make all checks or P. O. orders payable to American Veterinary Review. In addition to the BovovacciNE, ANTITETANIC SERUM and TUBERCULIN, three very important preparations, Messrs. C: BiscHorr & Co. have a very interesting list of medicaments for the general practitioner, in imported drugs. They are always willing to give the practitioner any information de- sired, in regard to their products, Their address may be obtained on adver- tising page 9 of this issue. HAussMANN & DuNN CompaANyY’s emergency bag No. A, illustrated on page 1 (Adv. Dept.), is up to the usual standard of H. & D. goods. Giyco-Heroin (SmitH) is the best form in which heroin can be given for results; and results count. This is the season when the horses’ digestive systems are put to the test. The purely vegetable tonic of Atkins & Durbrow is a splendid di- gestive regulator. It is not a secret preparation. The formula is given to veterinarians on request. But they can supply it to you in bulk cheaper than you can make it, and you can dispense it at a large profit, besides hav- ing just what you need as a stomachic tonic. Tyree’s antiseptic powder is certainly worth trying, and. that is all Mr. Tyree, the chemist who manufactures it, asks of you. He is satisfied that once you have tried it, your business will come of itself. There must be a reason. Why not investigate? TuHar $12.50 INSTRUMENT CASE full of instruments displayed on page 29 (Adv. Dept.) certainly looks good. So do those heavy nickel-plated brass dose syringes at $15.00 a dozen. The manufacturers are well known to you. How many of you are using Dr. R. B. Waite’s AntTIsEpTIc LocaL ANAES- THETIC? It is just the thing in dog work. Extractions can be made safely and painlessly, and that is saying enough to recommend it. See the form of the package on page 20 (Adv. Dept.). Always keep well stocked with Sotuste Hypopermic Tasiets. The Buntin Drug Company certainly have a complete list for veterinary use listed on page 17 (Ady. Dept.). 752 ee ee LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS IN VOLUME XXXV. Hzmendothelioma—Choroid Plexus—Horse ..........ccececcccccccecs I. Blood vessel filled with cells. 2.. Concentric rows of endothelial cells. 3. Connective tissue. _ Echinorhynchus Canis— Fig. 1—(a) Cephalic Extremity; (b) Caudal Extremity........... Fig. 2—Globe-shaped Proboscis showing hooklets................4. Fig. 3—Section through uterus showing ova...............eeeeeeee 4 mm. obj. r ocular: Head of female, retracted................-. Neck (retracted) of female. 4 m.m. obj. 2” ocular.............°.. Eggs in body of female. Shells are shriveled from dehydration. eM Wire OCUION 0a aks s wee aayc oe osc Sac wee pads ota W eee PAGE Neck (protracted) of male. 4 m.m. obj—2” ocular.............. 704 Middle part of body of male. 4 m.m. obj.—2” ocular.............. 704 ee Mout Disease, Photographs by Dr. S. G. Hendren, V. IL, B. A. L— A Vis Gives + x d's haw pee eae >. caus ss 05 eee . Anesthesia, Local, with Special Reference to Anesthesia and Novocain-Suprurenin Anesthesia with a Boar........ 164 PAGE Angoras, Chorioptic Scabies of, ease Reports... oe. kan 704 Animal Accidents Extraordinary, Case: REPOThs ccs aan eonn ees 442 Animal Breeding, The Biologist’s Part in Practical Plant and... 254 An Interesting Case, Case Re- port An Interesting Case of Hare-Lip and Cleft Palate not Due to In-Dreeding 6 oso ws soos oddlanas 586 Anterior Tibial Muscles, Obstet- rical Paralysis of in a New- MUIR SOMLE Fo Nein bce 6 ae wove ee 170 RR HE Re Ear herein Cen ye 373 Anthrax in an Ostrich, Case of. 74 Antiperiostin, A Few Cases Treated with, Case Report.... 711 Antistreptococci Serum in the Treatment of Strangles....... 166 Antitetanic Serotherapy......... 377 Antitetanic Serum in Large Doses, Case. Report. oo c060.%' 64 Antitoxin Units, Variation of in ‘Eetanus Antitoxin i... oes 392 Approaching Meeting of the A. i hinds Personals..........++- 162, 454 Army Veterinarians, Retirement DE Raw dad lees celia dee 452 Army Veterinarians, To the.. a Army Veterinary Bill Dead.. 68 Army Veterinary Department, | 68, I61, 202, 451, 714 Arthritis, Traumatic, Two Cases of—Recovery Lee ESS es bee EOE 727 Aftieular: Woundse5.. oes 172 Astragalus, Rare Case of Frac- POTS OF CHE cae cus pee 77 PORCTONS hie e hoete 4G ee II Atrophy, Unilateral Gluteal..... 171 A Two-headed Calf, Case Re- DOCG ses tnt hs dss ees see Azoturia, Paralysis of the Ante- rior Tibial Nerve After an At- tater Of tives cea. cee 300 Azoturia, Some Cases of....... 458 Banquet, Iowa State College.... 228 Banquet of the Alumni Associa- tion of the New York-Amer- ican Veterinary College....... 105 9 viii TABLE OF CONTENTS, VOLUME XXXY. PAGE PAGE Banquet of the New York-Amer- Carcinoma, Squamous-celled..... 719 ican Veterinary College....... 230 Caring for Wild Animals in Bees, Conversation of.......... 662 SHGBRESS ©. Vaame. Were... ame 503 Beletan WReview. ¢ éscs. cee cca 79, 463 Case, An Interesting, Case Re- Bench Shows, Infectious Dis- PORE is oe. Seas sake 286 eases Following............... 280 | Cases, Interesting, Reports of Benzoate of Soda, Use of in Came on. SOS a ees eee 57 Preserving Meat.............. Cases, Reports of...59, 154, 286, Bibliographic ee eee 646 Bibliographical Notes....13, 247, 381, 643 PADORTADNIY 604s (od baie ssn eaee 477 Bilateral and Symmetrical Multi- ple Exostosis in a Horse...... 725 Bill, Army Veterinary, Dead... 68 Biologist’s Part in Practical Plant and Animal Breeding.. 254 Bitch, An Attack of Mania in a. 720 Bitch, Inguinal Hernia of Gravid MOTs OAR os ob pee os ke 585 Bitch, -Metrititta we aol ce ok 720 Blacklegine Les Mea wale Sewinganed oe 588 Bladder, Rupture of in a Steer. 258 Blood Serum a MELADV 6c) as eno 48 Boar, Anesthesia with a........ 164 Boars, Cryptorchid, Castration of 208 Boccar, Four Operations of in a BiOIR: iso che. cen see ent awan I7I Boracic Acid Solution in the Treatment of Mastitis of the Cow, The Injection of....... 470 Bourgelat’s Name Honored at DOE Lavinia! vace w wie MAS ara austen 389 Bovovaccination, Von Behring’s Rules Not Followed.......... 186 Bovovaccine, Research on Prof. Wn Benritie’$..55 24 sacs cate cc 52 Brain of Horse—Hzmendotheli- one. Case ‘Réeport: occcdcekews 61 Breeding Live Stock, Oppertink ties for, in New Jersey Peele Bucco-Sinusal Fistula in a Horse oat Cecum in a Mare, Invagination of the Ileum in the........... 302 Calculi, Multiple Intestinal...... 73 Calculus Vesicle, in a Jack... 71 alt. 4 Two-headed, Case Re- POET new 6 6 ubtaele 6 ane AS oe 713 Cancer, Generalized, of the Thy- roid Gland in a Dog Nek: AER 724 Canine Cysticercosis............ 721 Canine Surgeon to the King.... 476 Canis, Echinorhynchus, Case Re- por a eee 154, 702 Carcinomace: .iocc cee... Oevua es Carcinoma, Generalized......... 723 433, 574, 702 Castration of Cryptorchid Boars. 298 Castrations Cattle Book, Government, New Pegiein ae 393 De Profundis Cr ei Te 161 PAGE Diagnose, Something Difficult to, Cdsec Reports die. sds ceeede ces 444 Diagnosis of Tuberculosis.. O41 Digestive Powers of the Ostrich. 74 Diseases of Cattle That May Af- fect the Wholesomeness of Weal... Seucaaa ss Males hoe ee Disinfectants, Standardization of so Dislocated Moving Crystalline tae ite Cate. pe eS cae 303 Dislocation of the Eyeball in a TPO ss 3 SRLS ks Bae eee ease I Figteter, A Contribution to the Statistics of ‘Canine... 705 e.3< 470 Distemper, Treatment of....... 459 Dog, Ossifying Pachymeningitis of the Tentorium Cerebellum vA VOONE opt ea sa a ine 5 Dogs, Hyoscine Morphine Cactin the Most Desirable Anesthetic BE cy Casta h ata bes ce¥ hanes 568 Doss Police, Make Good....... 304 Dog, Sarcoma of the Sheath of tie Cmts BY COG. vss ccc c ces Di WV GIES. TIOMIC. iss ono a cence Dr. Leonard Pearson and His Mother Convalescent.......... 490 “Dry Bible” in South Australia 471 Dystokia in the Sow, Case Re- DOLE Ue ai ariaw wae eels dan ea oe eo 445 Echinacea Angustifolia in the Treatment of Influenza..... 694 Echinorhynchus Canis, Case Re- WOE rhe ee er ana 154, 702 EpITORIAL— American Veterinarian at The We ie hs. nous eae yc css ee An Important Law Suit...... 501 An Innovation in Organiza- PIONS ices sie ck enw 5II Association of Live Stock Sanitary Boards. is... 04.600 5 Bourgelat’s Name Honored at Ba Ee a awh wats 2s ee hoe 89 Chicago in September........ 250 COMIeE sce ccc es as cab bons 649 Indemnity for Glandered FIOSMRE csc weer ess cues 4% 648 Professor Liautard Greatly Hatiered? . 3220. . Sas. ates 647 Protection Against the Fraudu- lent Use of Tuberculin..... 386 Pure Milk and the Public Bigeith aia ss es vane eae 645 The ‘Gornerstone......65.:.00% 14 The Veterinary Convention at Chicago ......eseeeeeeeeeee 510 x TABLE OF CONTENTS, VOLUME XXXY. PAGE Education of Veterinarians, Prac- ICAL sc cecees + wer een + an 633 Eight Cases of Pustular Eczema, Reports Gf Cases... cs coaw oes 584 Endocarditis, Chronic, with Thrombosis in a Mare........ 164 Endometritis in the Bitch Treat- éd ‘with: Ozone). «3.4. ceases 166 English Review..... 71, 163, 204, : 456, 585, 719 English Tuberculosis Commis- BROT es ee eg a ees 245 Enzootica, Keratitis, in Cattle... 594 Epithelioma Contagiosum....... 371 Epulis, Voluminous, in the Horse 78 Ether and Chloroform, Recent Studies Concerning........... 172 Etiquette, Professional.......... 149 EUROPEAN CHRONICLES— Ambril in Treatment of WY CUE: ick Was as Geass 113 American Veterinary Medical Association, Proceed ings, TOE Se as ieee ee cae eect 122 Antitetanic Serotherapy....... 377 ARRETOMS ies one de va ee ae wees Caring for Wild Animals in DICHNESE | 5 ieee ee ae ic os 503 Chicago Stock Yards and Vet- erinary Inspection........... 241 Circular Relating to American Veterinary Association Meet- ing at Chicago, September, TOP cis ales bases Wess wey ae I CONE Fain eo aos wom oe alate 9 Diagnosis of. Nibereuioas 641 English Tuberculosis Commis- Pas Sree Meo CARER ST One pias rage 245 Epithelioma Contagiosum...... 371 Evacuation of Tuberculous Bacilli by Biliary Secretion Through the Intestines..... 376 Fractures of the First Pastern ith PLORSOB ery oy II5 Germ Carriers and Typhoid Peyer Sick. oes ee ee ees 3 Girki. anid: Giddah.. 2.3. 5 506 Horse-Meat Again............ 379 Latent Tuberculous Infection. 497 Mixed sr umores iaecceey. ines 499 Observations on Rabies....... 640 Occult “Tuberculosis. 53 78. 3 240 Oculo and Cutaneous Tubercu- Lith hests) ~ ae - - cae 6 Tuberculous Infection......... 117, Tuberculous Lesions of the "Tracheasa:.:. . .. seas » sic 305 Veterinary Congress in Preto- ThA Seo ie ead Cee een <3 246 Veterinary Surgical Operations 247 Evacuation of Tuberculous Ba- cilli by Biliary Secretion Through the Intestines....... 376 Eventration of the Small Intes- tines Of a. Mafe....s .% tases sus 457 Excellent Work of the A. S. P. C. A. in Greater New York... 455 Exchanges, Abstracts from...7I, 163, 204, 456, 585, 719 Exostosis, Bilateral and Symmet- TICAL IN TLOLGE CN ine so bes 725 Extracts, fungarian. ... 24: sees 592 Eyeball, Dislocation of the, in a 1 a ne ne: Peis alvohice: cope bis 166 Farm Animals Increase......... IIo Fatal Colic, a Result of Obstruc- tion with a Leiomyoma, Case Report occ oes ics ee es 574 Fatal Results from the Use of SttyChaine... 5 once tees <> owen 456 Fatal Varicose Ulceration in a DG res os ee oem Fectndation in Five-month-old PECILLO ees 5s vin vino tes a 76 Federal Meat Inspection and Mu- nicipal- Abattoirs... sae .. v0 6s 513 Federal Quarantine Because of Sheep Scab in Kentucky...... 746 Femoro-Tibial Synovial Enlarge- ment, Congenital, in a Colt... 170 Fibrolysin Pr eee: Op 504 Fibrolysin in the Treatment of Chronic Tendonitis and Ten- dovaginitis in Two Horses... 595 Fibroma, Vaginal ...ss.--sceg i. Jae Filaria Flexuosa in ‘Deer. ume. . 505 Fistula in a Horse, Bucco-Semisal 588 TABLE OF CONTENTS, VOLUME XXXY. xi PAGE Flatulent Colics in the Horse, Some Opinions Concerning... 465 Foal, Intussusception in a New Born, Case Report, -i0. . os ss: 713 Food for Young Puppies, Nat- wrally Digested. «. ne woes: 54 288 mean, Craton . alls «52535 - sees 548 Mange in the Various Animals, eremement. Of. 5s ox kw te ec eee Mastoido-Humeralis Muscle, Laceration of, and of the Oesophagus in a Horse....... 720 Median Cheiloschisis............ 304 Meeting of Dairymen at Kansas IRR ere OS Con 365 MUMRTIOSIS oes ales Sass «Sas oan 427 Melbourne University Veterinary School Commemoration Din- RSE SS te regs wre 624 Memorial to the Late Professor Withers Beers ty SiC. cs ns eats Hs 720 Michigan and Maryland Re- leased from Foot-and-Mouth Disease Quarantine........... 67 Milk and Meat Inspection, City. 542 Milk, Diseases of Cattle That May Affect the Wholesomeness ER gain (Asa eens sae 33 Milk Hygiene, The Problem of.. 185 Milk, Pure, and the Public BLOM Fee ci cesarean oss 645 Milk, The Secretion of.......... 143 Milk, Tuberculosis and Its Rela- tion to the Production of...... 675 Minnesota Live Stock Sanitary Boatd:.ic3: Voces eae 4s a ie Minnesota, Sanitary Work in... 220 Minnesota, Tuberculin Test in... 224 ‘Mixed Tumors.....:-......05.-.- 499 Multiple Intestinal Calculi...... 72 Municipal Abattoirs, Federal .Meat Inspection and.......... 513 Mycotic Lymphangitis, Case Re- MOE. . cabs es aun > + - ee 288 My Experience With Foot-and- - Mouth Disease, Case Report.. 439 Nail Wounds, Penetrating the Navicular Bursae, Resection of the Flexor Pedis Tendon for ee: Pomeet OFS... ss eee es tees 421 Naturally Digested Food for “Young Puppies -.......--.2 + 587 Neoplasm of the Ovary in a Hen 460 New Jersey, Opportunities for Live Stock Breeding in....... 3 PAGE New Jersey, Veterinary Medical Association . 2.6 5. es 488 New- Laws: Enacted... ..2..-02- 482 News and Items...103, 222, 361, 489, 624, 746 New. York-American Veterinary College, Banquet.............. 230 New York-American Veterinary College, Banquet of the Alumni of New. York City’s Work Horse MPAUC “Sadea iccs cuces coe eeees 415 New York — New Tuberculin Tee a... See ees ee eee eee 482 New York State Medical- Society. 4%. ......s06.% 366 Ninth International Congress Ninth International Congress at The Hague...... 629 Notes on Aconite Poisoning.... 297 Notes, Western Canada........ 108 Novocain-Soprurenin and Anes- thesin, Local Anesthesia with Special Reference to.......... is a OsITUARY— Sidney L. Hunter, V. S....... 83 Milikan Stalker.............. at Observations on Rabies......... Obstetrical Paralysis of the An- terior Tibial Muscles ina New- horn Calis ss dig wees ee eo 170 Obstruction in the Gullet of a (| TY aaa Oren Cr aye~ oC yeaa ey a 72 Occlusion and Perforation of the Intestine in a Dog..........-- 168 Occult Tuberculosis ...........-. 240 Oculo and Cutaneous Tuberculin ests oe sas poe ee s+ sareeee 237 Oedema, A Case of Malignant, Glanders Suspected, Case Re- DO. isn tees Pes Sika 448 Oesophagotomy in a Cat....... 461 - Oesophagotomy—Recovery ..... 165 Oesophagus, Contraction of the, in: BROW es i a ck oe ee eS 75 Oil of Turpentine, Therapy of.. 5 Omasum, Hernia of the......... 168 On Strychniz...........--+e20 719 Ontario Veterinary College, Com- mencement .....- eeaw heey vee 225 Opportunities for Live Stock Breeding in New Jersey....... 663 Optimism by Dr. Hollingsworth _ at the Ithaca Banquet........ 232 Oregon Live Stock Sanitary Law 360 xiv TABLE OF CONTENTS, VOLUME XXXYV. PAGE Ossifying Pachymeningitis of the Tentorium Cerebellum in a Voune D6giess «ss «sa ss 5890 Osteoarthropathy, Remarks on _ the Nature of Hypertrophying 464 Osteomalacia in Bovines....... Ostrich, Case of Anthrax in. s; Ostrich, Digestive Powers of the 74 Our Advance, Some Suggestions 557 Ovary in a Hen, Neoplasm of CE oa ee oN ek cs 460 Overloaded Intestines, Followed by Rupture of the Floating COLON: s6niin sco.» ck Se 78 Overstretching of the Coraco- Radialis in Horses........... 459 Ozone, Endometritis in the Bitch Treated with......... LES a 166 Pan-African Veterinary Confer- ENCE va Vanes ss Guaeewa een es 67 Panther, Tuberculosis in a...... 169 Parade, Road Drivers’ Associa- tion: Annual. 26 4582 toa 364 Paralysis of the Anterior Tibial Nerve After an Attack of PZOUIA ik ds a cae as 300 Parturition, An Accident of, Case Reports: icdesdenrectes 712 Pearson, Dr. Leonard, and His Mother Convalescent.......... Pelvis, Fractured, in a Cow..... 722 Pelvis, Fracture of the......... Penetration of the Bacillus of Tuberculosis: 60. eee ees 79 Pennsylvania, New Legislation in 227 Percherons and _ Clydesdales, Commends New Jersey Live Stock Commission for Import- HIS a ak hi ew eee 650 Perforation of the Vagina Dur- ing the Act of Colts, 22ci2c0% 461 Perforation, Uterine, in a Heifer 304 Personals, Army Pieei ya faite 162, 454 Petrified Turtle in Stomach of BLOlSE. os OS eAaeieeee e 162 Petrous Temporal Bone in a Horse Tumor-like Growth on. 73 Phenol in Tetanus, Case Report 437 Philippines, Veterinary Progress Aine a canis ace els < oe 175 Plural Cavity, Shaft Thrust Penetrating, Case Report...... 710 Poisoning, Lead, in Milch Cows. 722 Poisoning in Horses, Crypto- gamic, Case Report........... 157 Poisons, Cell, and Cell Diseases. 174 Police Dogs Make Good....... 364 PAGE Posterior Aorta bia Internal Iliac Arteries, Thrombosis of the... 385 Posterior Aorta and Its Branches, Thrombosis of, Case Report.. 441 Practical Education of Veterin- ATIMME Gis. s Ae Se Ka aes aes 633 Prejevalsky -Colt,iA ... a 8 309 Prescapular and Anterior Medi- astine Lymphatic Glands, Lymphadenoma of . the, in a Mare. eee. . oo ee 301 Pressure Upon the Rectum by the Horns of the Uterus...... 502 Primitive Sarcoma of the Kid- Ree iii ai Cat.s.... .-sduueeene 303 Professor pee Greatly Hon- OTed 5 eae es vs 647 Problem of Milk Hygiene, The. 185 Proceedings, 1908, American Vet- erinary Medical Association... 122 Professional Etiquette.......... 149 Program to Date, A. V. M. A... 597. Prosecutions in Pennsylvania... 106 Protection Against the Fraudu- lent Use of Tuberculin....... 386 Protective Vaccination of Cattle Against Tuberculosis......... 410 Public, Veterinary Education and OEY REE he ty NN, Nao: Pea Pee 404 Publishers’ Department...... 112, 236, 370, 496, 632, 752 Pure Milk and the Public Health. 645 Pure Milk Wins Victory in Court 525 Pus in the Guttural Pouches, Op- eration for, Case Report...... 156 Pustular Eczema, Eight Cases of, Reports -ofF Cases 2.5 orcs 584 Rabiits, Sypiilis in: . ie. ee es 375 PRES as ee a ko Ve en 450 Rabies, Observations on......... 640 Rachitism (Osteomalacia), Co- existence of, in Swine and Bo- VIVES. (oo ieee «Us wks oe Radical Operation for Ventral Hernia ae, oa ae wees 163 Rapid Recovery Following Op- eration of Lithotomy, Case Re- DOTE). OLS. eee ec Shee ae Recovery from a Case of Te- tanus, Case Report............ 710 Recovery from Second Attack of Tetanus. Case Report. ........ Rectum, Pressure Upon the, by - the Horns of the Uterus..... 5902 Rectum, Spontaneous Laceration of the, in a. at0rseig, ;. .ian. 725 6 haere cle TABLE OF CONTENTS, VOLUME XXXV. XV PAGE PAGE Rectum, Tuberculous Ulceration Sarcoma of the Tarsus of a Dog ef the. ..3 i. ee ree 726 with Secondary Infection...... 587 Release of Quarantine for Sheep Scabies, Chorioptic, of Angoras, BOAD S530 Aes 6 cc coves 17 Case Report Ie | RR 704 Remarkable Recovery Following Scraps, Reports of Cases....... 581 Operation of Tenotomy, Case Sea-Fish, Living, The Transpor- MODOEE o. . cek = « oe aa 59 tation ‘of putehess Sew el Segdikn sh 174 Remarkable Wool Balls Found Secretion of Milk, The.......... 143 in the Rumen of a Sheep..... 457 manatee Bill to. oo as tay 714 Remarks on the Nature of Hy- Sero-fibrinous Pleurisy, Treat- pertrophying Osteoarthropathy. 464 MICHE OR pcre sca eels ba ee 638 Removal of the Foot-and-Mouth Serotherapy, Antitetanic EE ae We 2) Disease Quarantine........... 125 | Serum, Antitetanic in Large Reporting an Impostor.......... 605 Doses, Casexeports2.< ec. ee 64 Report on the Animal Industry Serum Immunization as a Pre- Of 2ne0-Chiid: <4 sscke eas 260 ventive of Hog Cholera....... -59, 154, 286, 433, 574, 702 Researches Upon Enzootic Cere- Reports of Cases.. bro-Spinal Meningitis......... 463, Research on Prof. Von Behring’s Bovovaccine Resection of the Flexor Pedis Tendon for the Relief of Nail Wounds Penetrating the Nav- PIAS BUPSAE is: 5 Os voy eA 421 Retirement of Army Veterina- Oy 5 A HEA sae MED Mi Pia Oa Rar ey Re hy 432 Review, Belgian.............. 79, 463 | Review, English..... 71, 163, 204; ; 456, 585, 719 Review, French...... 75, 168, 208, 459, 588, 723 Review, German........ 172, 465, 504 Review, Italian.............: 303, 728 Rhode TIsland—Law to Create a State Board of Veterinarians. 484 Road Drivers’ Association An- BUA P RtAGe. odes et vec ceeas « « 364 Roaring, Acute, Cured by Trac- tions upon the Tongue........ 168 Robert Koch and His Critics at the International Congress on Tuberculosis, Washington, D.C. 526 Ruminants, The Medication Treatment of............000- . 469 Rupture of the Bladder in a Steer Saddle Horses Bring Good Prices 364 Sane Handling of Tuberculosis. 491 Sanitarian, The Veterinarian as a 565 Sanitary Work in Minnesota... 229 ‘Sarcoma of the Kidney, Primi- ne, Se MOE eos bp tts. hae 303 Sarcoma of the Sheath of the Penis wthe Dog.... 3cs5..... 465 Shaft Thrust Penetrating Plural Cavity, Case Report........... 710 Sheep, Foot Rot in, Case Report. 705 Sheep, Foot-Scab Mite of.....-: ; 457 Sheep, Remarkable Wool Balls Found in the Rumen of a..... 457 Sheep Scab in Kentucky, Federal Quarantine Because of...... 746 Sheen Scab, Release of Quaran- WR As oe ho eis vbie sea 17 Sinusitis, Old and Rebellious, Treated with Irrigations...... 170 Society MEETINGS— élabama_ Veterinary Medical ASSOCISHON Bias tie Gi ns as 737 Arkansas Veterinary Associa- tion .B. A. I. Veterinary Inspectors’ Association of Chicago..... 216 Banquet of the Senior Class, Met. Deak. To Arad aviv 300 Central Canada Veterinary As- sociation ..... Cpt lage t's eis cate 205 Connecticut Veterinary Medi- cal Association..:....... IOI, 744 Genesee Valley Veterinary Medical Association.. «3 ed Indiana Veterinary Alumni As- BOCIASION. bss ewan. scene nes 212 Indiana Veterinary © Medical Association Towa Veterinary Association... 199 Keystone Veterinary Medical Association Maine State Veterinary Medi- » Gtr ASSOCIATION. ¢ 160 Arecoline, Hydrobrom—Declined.... -...-..seeceseeces EOr eka ss cone 150 Ic oa ror Atropine Sulphate... ee RS S Cuanirs < cea wionedec es i 660. 1. oS Ser tax Atropine sue ey Ee epee satenbah inks I 290 4s. vee 15. = ot Se Atropine Sulpbnte. 0 Gicll sco < cage a «ones eek 3QEn-.igec ete 2 ap Sao 158 Barium Chloride Come (Ellis). SPOS SHEESH HHHEHHHEH TH HHH ewe weeesesseese e 15 o 2 MOTitei Cee, os... deoadevce 7 gts. > ieee be = , Digitaline... ......0c0...+..I-12 gf. 8 Yes 1§2 Cardiac Tonic..... wre r cere sere se -se eres eeeerese COCKS cHeeseesercerseser eee 20 oe i — | Digitaline Pure BS I-10 gr. Om He Sparteine Sulph ............ I- 5 gr. Strychnine, trate 0 ca eae 1- 8 gr. at 102 Cocaine asl oe are wihegcwookees Sr I S85 aes =. 30 —4 124 Cocaine Muriate........ secececcseceeees ieis estes « T36 BTS. cceveasso=: 40 = a 325 Cocaine Muriate..... « . ileal ee 2 grs....... eee 45 i < t=] 120 Cocaine, 4% gts. for Veterinar AGM... Gd... es cae ae 5 = 3 One tablet dissolved in 1 drachm of water Ric an 8-per cent, solution. ) 5 Ses eomebicine... <5. 5... 53s... Pees = peau I~ A Bt. cas eee 0 3126 Colchicine........ co cepeeen css sco eeee eres «x OE TS See ep I 20 °- O ee ag On) ae eer spe SS eS Ee beveasan.>:50 a Morphine Suiph.... seeee 2grs "S £ Atropine Sulph... scape d@ @ar "OS My Aconite sake Pe ee es wvcdes ErOOerT, a eos & 104 Coniine Hydrobromate........ ccshens Atropine Sulph.............. % gr. ul 139 Morphineand Atropine ............ .. -.- saab ak Sees ais west Usteescua { iccoine? Saehs;. -< oss chek 1% gts. t Q Atropine Sulph ....... cancas 36 Be = 140 meine MUG RIROINOE .. «i ssc a eae ec wees se SER a re cheer oe N ro) Satorphing MM oe eas: . 2 t a Atropine Sulph............ +. I-4 gr. | 141 Morphine and Atropine....... ....-... -.. Gok dighs sunkas SUES OE Os Pe Ww {cee eats vase. 2% gts. t pa Atropine Sulph. ............ I-4 gr. a 142 Nitroglycerine..... ek Seea's sak Geeta ss abbas c - oan ceeekO iss cs ebencs.s 12 543. Nitroglycerine...,,...0icucs 2.50% Picescettdcess cae Ss Gakess cease: eon ll | 110 Pilocarpine Muriate, CHOMIBIS cts as cacdbdee usa ee: Fee 50 +4 144 Pilocarpine Muriate, Crystals.....¢ ....-2+0+++ seve. LE Biciivescses oO 145 Pilocarpine Muriate, Crystals...... Pevsueee “eae See TMQ BTS. ce cuccee 1:10 Ww _ 111 Sodium Arsenite........ eek «3 ccue Gaeibwcckcacs estos: eeemeee oeeues 12 112 Strychnine Sul hate ee ee OCCOR eee eee eeee . I-4 QT... ceseece 10 < 147 Strychnine Sulphate ............... Kopebece: websecese! SOR Bisccc cactnce It ~ cas Strychnine Sulphate........ ey Rb eee see ose =o Boo) Smee eae. cooese (2 149 Veratrine Muriate................-08 eid Dooce aie ree Bad Stores. ee ie 12 1so Veratrine Muriate,.......-- caoesseu wake ee Se eae 12 SN) ‘Please order by number. Goods sent post-paid to any part United States or Canada upon reeeipt of nric> Note—Strong advance in opium and its salts compel advance in prices tablets with morphine, . ff C2 YB yg Ly INDIANA VETERINARY COLLEGE Chartered by the State of Indiana, December 24, 1892. A graded three-year Course lasting from Sept. to April 1st. With the new addition to our building we have greatly increased our Hospital, Laboratories, Class Rooms, etc. Graduates are eligible to mem- bership in the American Veterin- ary Medical Association, also to appointment as U. S. Veterinary Inspectors and U. S. Army Vet- erinarians. Write for Catalogue. Prof. FERDINAND A. MUELLER, Ph. G., V. S., Indianapolis, Ind. Secretary NEW YORK STATE VETERINARY COLLEGE, ESTABLISHED AT CORNELM UNIVERSITY, ITHACA, WN. FY. BY CHAPTER 153, LAWS OF 1894. The best equipment for scientific and practical instruction, for undergraduates and post graduates. Most varied practice for students in the free clinics. Regular graded _ course, three years of nine months each. Entrance by Regents’ ‘‘ Veterinary Student Certificate,” or by examination, September 2oth, 1909. Matriculation September 28th, 1909. x & & Tuition Free to New York State Students. For extended announcement address, Professor VERANUS A. MOORE, Director. ONTARIO VETERINARY COLLEGE. Temperance Street, - - = - Toronto, Canada. ESTABLISHED 1862. Now controlled by the Provincial Government of Ontario. Affiliated with the University of Toronto. The course of study extends through three college years. College opens October Ist, 1909. Calendar containing full information will be mailed on application. E. A. A. GRANGE, V. S., M. S. CHICAGO VETERINARY COLLEGE 2537 and 2539 State Street, Chicago, Ills. Organized and Incorporated under the Laws of the State of Illinois, 1883. Reguiar Session commences the first week in October in cach year. For Prospectus giving all information as to curriculum, fees. etc., addres¢ the President. JOSEPH HUGHES, M.R.C.V.S., 2537 and 2539 State St., Chicago, Illa. 12 BiINBING SF“ Ff. MAR 34 S66 SF American Veterinary 601 Medical Association A5 Journal v.35 COped Biological & Medical PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE CARDS OR SLIPS FROM THIS POCKET _ UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY STORAGE ele heen spade a niet As tte He . at et ae a i : ae ns 7 +1 se fad er f ne ah ae ie =e: Pros SSS moe coe _ —- ts Chee % ie hy das, Hiatt es tf ba Dy ie Ra ieee » iF ; SG ta bi Aa Sah rts ; NE Rae Rs fea pa Beanie bene nu lhe caine ie p Map Sy fy ea a