Swi heated nee Aaa an Mareen! iene ete aby, Be amc iaat . reset OS Be te tote MestaNie tia i SS aiiA as watts Pastncses tales ce eee Po ete 1% Jiresented to Che Library of the University of Coranty by The Ontario Research Foundation bE : eg JOURNAL OF THE American Veterinary Medical / | + © Association / FORMERLY AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW (Original Official Organ U. S. Vet. Med. Ass’n.) Edited and Published for THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION by W. H. DALRYMPLE, BATON ROUGE, LA. EXECUTIVE BOARD Geo. Hilton, 1st District; T. E. Munce, 2nd District; S. E. Bennett, 3rd District; J. R. Mohler, 4th District; C. H. Stange, 5th District; R. A. Archibald, 6th District; A. T. Kinsley, Member at Large. SUB-COMMITTEE ON JOURNAL J. R. Mohler Geo. Hilton R. A. Archibald p54 Damiel 0283. oe ss 385, 633 Henderson, Captain W. C........ 647 ELCRCTON Fs ee oe a aie 614, 616 Hopper De sey cee ei 622, 623 HOPStinian Bic cca ee ee ere 199 Hoskins, “He Pi. 591, 594, 726, 727 EROSHINS OW. Ee rs 0, 422, 423, 424, 425, 426, 427, 428, 429. 430, 431, 432, 434, 436, 437, 438, 439, 441, 446, 448, 449, 453, 454, 455, 457, 460, 461, 464, 465, 467, 468, 469, 586, 726 Ee or a ee a Ged, nee 568 PeUtCHhENS, Fe Cs phere ace 76 Diber( Wea Ae ee yeas ete Pee eae a 196 POTISOM. EPs, 7s cve Nie a Bhs Ae enen og a8 39 Jorgenson, CFM DF h s Sibik ae ee 738, 751 Mierian, Fo: Ae kee en 74, 107, 604 BIN Sewr os AIDOrt Phos oe eens 424, 425, 426, 427, 428, 429, 430, 431, 432, 434, 446, 447, 456, 463, 465, 466, 575, 592, 600, 601, 617, 726 Koen, Sa gp Bote HE Ee aS AB Gh rae es 19 Aes IOPMeBGs Ol I Se Se ee 17 PRR PBs or OG as a geas gs esa 450 UOT g Cone, BC «RMR p SMART Oe Ai a 5) 144 PUA EG os ass ice Sr apeieig a ha gts eo ee 415 TELE 1 0h, URRG IE SRR RRA eR om Talo PGE 155, 294 iat ety | COI AS dues. satis. eres 306 'WeS Wa Prerbert, 28 Ose eee: 429, 439, 440, 443, 449, 578, 589 iyman; Richara Pos okies ees 431 WEROTCOM AIS, Bei SS ha sigs’ ch gor cid ote 776 ies 54 3ig asi Oi BMeMnd ane Meee Iisa ola aie 7s 643 MeGilvray, (C2) sae eee 222 MeLean, °C.‘ Courtney 65 026) 6 , 596, 618, 614, 615 MEAPSUAE Oy eo. sf hep aes hee 74 MAVOS INS eee hob eee 5 716)3 159: 269, 397, 422, 423, 424, 426, "430, 433, 434, 436, 438, 451, 457, 461, 462, 463, 464, 466, at 468, 469, 470, 471, 586 Merillat, Y he a Se AS & donee 433 Mohler, ci 12 ree Ae” Ohne vie she 74, 96, 149, 425, 426, 465, 576, 745 Moore, R. C 7 622 , , 446, 451, 452, 456, 458, 459, 465, 469, 470, 584, Morgan, E., M.R.C.V.S., D.V.H 754 MIM OB CEU cRiy eae eats reece ak 398 NITRO CC ES. She ae SS 764 Murphey, H: SS... . 86, 457, 458, 469, 589, 597, 598, 603, 610, 611, 620, 621 INDWHOTT Pe Pliers oi likiectls alee 186, 772 jee Were kk eae eee sill BIC Saleen a ani Ae aL A a Rea Sree 86, 169, 201, 394, 396, 412, “5s Olver, Lieut.-Col. Bas a eae a as ee Beer Oh Bio ls eecn none ati 227 Pierce, B. D....4338, 576, 592, 610, 614 Porter, Fred Ww A Pp eS SPs pati eet: 295 POLer GeOrme ME eet eee i eee 714 Quitman, E. L..426, 427, 453, 462, 463 202 ESAT ONSDOREOL, CPi ee oe INDEX TO VOL. LIV. _Anthelmintic Treatment of Equine '.Intestinal Strongylidosis, The.. 47 Avian Toxicology, Experiments In. 337 Avian Tuberculosis in Swine...... 92 Biological Products, Observations On the (Use Of) ooo eee 244 Bland Reports Upon Epizodtic Abortion Experiments, The..... 628 - Bureau of Animal Industry for Testing: the Potency of Tuber- culin, The Method of the...... 357 Bureau of Animal Industry as a War Auxsiary, The 32503 3.5 2235 96 Caponising Fowls, Experiments In 144 Castration and Spaying, Some Im- DOrcLane Points: In ee a 624 Chloramine, Antiseptics and Dis- RIPCCLAN US LOO ore ey es 139 Contagious Abortion, Value of BipOO VeStSO IN 6 oes ee we Se 681 Contagious Abortion, Present Stat- ‘us of Specific Treatment For. T27 Viaesacs of Swine, Differential Di- PUTO AOE i ie to hehe 321 Equine Ascariasis and Oxyuriasis, Some Notes on the Treatment Examination of the Eye, The.. Food .Supply Probtems and the Veterinarian’s Responsibility... 231 Foot and Mouth Disease, Advises Close Watch Against... 50.5...; 149 Hemorrhagic Septicemia;........ 738 Hemorrhagic Septicemia, Its Clin- ical. Diagnosis. eyes tae 39 Hog Cholera Control: in the Bast.. 314 IV NEW SERIES VOL. VII PAGE PAGE. eeaKes: Cod 6a. ee ae jee peer loe Turner, Maj. John I meer yet pe pes be Oe OT 4 PeiConeh, DONN. oo. eu 186, 591, 593; 607 Roberts, OY Aes oat SORE OE "620 ‘Van’ Brussell, 10, Hi Oe es 290 Roberts, PAG ae ee as iw sce in Mad OP ee ee ae ee 299 ‘Rogers, Boe ee ek oe es ae ORS, | Walkley, 8. Jc. tse 79, 193, 409 DBOOLYS So Pa eis es we PD ea AN ea, 1S WER ee 75, 441, 442, 450, 452 Bomneiner BS He oor ee as 178, 460 |}Way,. Cassius. ......5.,. 00. 2 Senrocuer, Ff: C.. eons 4: 357, 717, Tat 74 Mee Aas, 455, 456, 457, 458, 459 ect. Joneon Fo ese 234, 607 White, ae ire ee a 30. SSrris ee Ms Gees eae Cae ow ee es 298 | W. D ei 1, 81, 645, 784 Smith, Thomas E....450, 459, 460, 461 ioicr ease. A. BS ee ae woes 780 Riewmund. W.C 2 6. hte ee Wigdor, ee iy waite 47, 56, 251, 254 ONO 5 eee or ees eee ri Wigss, BE. Miu ae 200 Stange, C. H....186, 447, 462, 468, 740} Williams, W. A Day Seka 585, 628, 720, 725 Meckel Uo ° Mo er ee 231 | Wilson;: LD. see a ee cme ee 767 Srephens, ‘George. 5 cscs d was 191] Wilson, ‘Robert ii ce 47, 56 . Stewart, Me oa ee 186 | Winchester, J. F..... 379, 422, 454, 461 Bwitser, W. SoS ae hes 660 ; Youree, eB, on eo ee 65& “Tennant, Willams ccses eee ee 663 4 VOPRTENCE, Ho ches ae ea ae 420, 421, 422, 423, 424, 426, 427, 430 431, 432, 433, 434, 436, 437, 438, 439 440, 446, 447, 448, 450, 451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 457, 458, 459, 461, 462, 463, 464, 465, 466, 467, 468, 469, 578, 584, 586, 587, 600, 622, 723,.725, 726, 727 i" s c - se P Index to Vol. LIV. New Series Vol. VII PAGE PAGE Papers, etc.: Hos. in Relation to Municipal Garb- age, THe. oo) eo ae ee 227 Infectious Abortion, Suggestions for. — Legal and Regulatory Measures ABainst og. oe ee et ees TO2 Infectious Keratitis, A Preliminary Note Of gi ee 307 Lameness of Obscure Origin and Some. of Tts Calises.-; 2307.46.04 217 Live Stock Industry, Present aad i Prospective, The. 34 ue ee =.) Organotherapy, and the Classifica- tion of Therapeutic Tissue Ex- LVACtS ea er ee eee 33 Parsing the Veterinarian, Past, _ Present and: MPutliré. .o3.-2. een: 30 Portraits of Distinguished Veter- inarians Presented to Saddle and Sivlolt 2CG 4s i nk a ew 372 Presentation of Portraits of Drs. Salmon, Melvin: and Mohler to the American Veterinary Medical Association at the Philadelphia Meeting is cece ars aoe 362 Salicylic Acid as a Remedy for Hoe Choélera 3... ae See ee es 633 Spavin, Certain Aspects of the Pathology “Of. ou, es. tk oe eee 136 Stallion Hnroliment 2.33.22 i5 se 222 Standardization of pisces: Vac- Cime... og So a ee ee 234 Swine Disease Situation, The.... 740 Swine Practic€:....43) eee 90 Tick Eradication, Plans for 1919.. 745 Tuberculosis and Our Live Stock Industry: os 5 5 eee vata UBT | Tuberculosis, Legalized Exposing Man ‘T0: 0. oo 2s. ee ee 3879 INDEX To" VOR. “LIV. “NEW SERIES VOL. vil : Vv as se PAGE { > PAGE Veterinary: ‘Practitioner in the Con- Rabies Virus, Presence in : the" ‘+trol of Infectious Diseases, The. 211 RR a bi Aas heey ass Sok tae 759 Veterinary Service of the” Army of: Retention of Urine as a Cause of tne UU, -S,,; The. se e6 ee ea 126 Colic ‘in “Young Foais<*. 25°22. 160 Vitamines “and: Nutrition Re ern es 17 | Rupture of an Intestinal Diverti- i CUMMRC Coe. Peet. See oe re Tee 259 Clinical and Case Reports: fe Sea Weed as Horse Feed........ 260 D Serum of Leclainche and afcine 649 ermatitis, Gangrenous..i2...... 6451 Sodium Sulphate-Exsiccat........ 157 Filaria Papillosa, Note on the Oc- . Strangles, Intra-Palpebral © Reac- currence., Of. ve vere 643 HAWS iol isa iw ube ye. ate 392 Fluke. from the Dog, re New. shea debs 254 4kien Wound ‘on : Barr: Animas he < Hoes. and_the.Tent. Caterpillar. . 59 New Zealand, Notes Regarding. 759 ntestinal Coccidiosis ........... wd 66 Tub 1 the C 1 390 Milk Fever. Complication—An In- = uberculosis in Ring e aremilin Case ois. es 642 Tuberculin, Standardized. Puan ar ith 63 Monstrosities: HRD ENE OS SRR Mie An 337 | Tympanitis in Dog.............. 62 Mycotic > Cerebro Spinal Meningitis : . Pak Prevalent -in:the South......+.. 53 | Army Veterinary Service: 2 Necrobacillosis in Horses and Sites 150 | Appointments and Reductions of | Paraaitie. Infestation, .Note on the z Enlisted Veterinarians......... 64 - Effect of Cold on the Destee Of. 251] Blattenberg, Maj. J. H., Communi- - Pink Parasitic DiSCAS@SE . .eeeeect eee. 639 cates Interestingly .......66c..4. 265 Parturient Paresis (Mill vases in: Camp Greenleaf, A Visit To...... 262 COWS tarsorie Fis. he eek -385 | Complimentary to Lieut.-Col.-Maj. - Parturient | a oui Ws ani: for Air © POPU Fabs 64 SS SOS 4. eared 65 Treatments: x... sites tition S . aseiee 749 | Major’s Rank Not for Veterina- Sheep,. A Peculiar Cileeatien FY geese 58 PARTE eh MS OPES. 6 sie he 64 Tetanus in a Cow Followéas Re- Newsiltems nate hited 652, 653, 654 tention of the Placentae.:;..... 754 | Officers at the Saddle and Sirloin . Tuberculosis, Experiences Obtained _ Club, An Interesting Little Meet- from Contact With. itbcsawoeun 751] IMS Of.ee sce e cere ee se eee eee es 66 “a POPSONAIR. Boo KR RE. 67, 162, 266 Abstracts: . Recognition for Army Veterinary . ‘Aniteaobe in Soil : CORDS 2 sie as alg eee a ee 264 Anthrax aon tt on ose oa 390 “Royal, ,Aymy: Veterinary Corps... 762 Camouflaged Cow, The.....:..¢.. 638 | Veterinary Service, American..Bx- Canine Distemper, Polyvalent - ec: peditionary Forces, from April _ rum of Leclainche and Vallee in 7, 194%;.to September, 1918, The 39% the ‘Treatment “Of: 0... vi eee #6p| Why No Majors Now in the Vet- Choking in a Mule, Curious Case Of 391] CTinary Corps........+.....45. 67 Contagious Abortion of Cattle. 389 ea en ee Glands of the Pig and Association News: BE WEDS ss catty. Se eet eee bg 647 F “jf i Don’t Think, but Try: Be Patient reiteneidi oot Mig bebe cing Medical We POCO. ie oh ice caret 573 Association— Epilepsy, Caused by Parasitic ~ Additions to the Membership at Cysts in the Brain of a Dog... 159| ~ the Philadelphia Meeting... .... 269 Hernia in the Horse, The Physico- Address of Welcome............. 163 Physiological Treatment of Trau- Anatomical Nomenclature, Report matic -Abdominal....2..'...6.. 259 of Committee on Veterinary... 186 Horse Demobilization ........... 648 | Anatomical Nomenclature by the Hydrargic Alopecia in a Horse, A A. V. M. A., History of the At- Be NES a ap Rar pels ase Io nin dag aalecliliats fea 158 tempt to Standardize Veterinary 187 Influenza, Note on the Compara- Appointment of Committees...... 167 tive Pathology Of............. 757} Appointment of Committees: Increased Value of Live Stock and Anatomical Nomenclature...... 267 Its Influence on Veterinary Prac- Array: Sérvicels, yest ews 268 Oo Ops 66 BUS aici a pel a is Aa 5 PTAC TURIN foc in toisbt sci clio: aha elec cis, SMES 267 Mange in Horses..........::.... 62 History.i..0:. ER TOPE Ae 267 Mange, Sunlight in the Treatment_. Liautard Memorial............. 268 of MNT oe eee orks y's So oy bo 258 INAOLOlO RWG 3. Vise Oe yt. 2a 267 ‘Navicular Bursa, with Necrosis of Fresolutions. 2... soos iS aera 267 - the Aponeurosis Punctured..... 258 Salmon Memorial... ..:..0.. 22254 268 Necrosis and Ossification of the Attendance at A. V. M. A. Meeting - Cartilages of the Larynx of the at’ Philadelphia; ‘1913' "Oa 86 BME os Ra ee tthe Phin ech 63:' Change of Districts. ..-/......... 7 Progress of Tick radication | Constitution and By-Laws of the De eo 8 6 A Re 6 Oe 261 NICH ERE." Binge) - BRR aaa ee Te SEAR Re Wee CDS 27 8 Oy: 472 VI . INDEX TO VOL. LIV. NEW SERIES VOL. VII PAGE Directory of the Members of the No Se a Executive Board, Meeting of the.. 55th Annual Meeting of the A. V. TOO OF ee isa es i ce oe es Liautard-American Veterinary Re- lief Fund, Contributions to..... Meetings of the Association...... Officers. 1918"19.. ck eles eee PPESIOCUtSis 6. ko eles sae Po ees Report, Secretary’s Annual....... Report of the Committee on Intel- ligence and Education, 1918.... PeOpOre- OL. Treasurer. ci sirs ee 6 ee Resident Secretaries, 1918-19. Resolutions, Report of Committee Response to the Address of Wel- COMO se Ole eee es EE Secretary’s Office.75, 168, 397, 655, Secretaries oi. hs Salmon Memorial Fund.......... Other Associations— British Columbia Veterinary As- SOCIATION | 6s 6S Se ees Bureau of Animal Industry Asso- ciation = C€Chica Zo): a. se bas:. Sn ae Bureau of Animal Industry Em- ployees, Conference, New Or- TGOTIR eS Or Ne oe Bureau of Animal Industry Vet- erinarians, Resolutions Adopted by (Kansas City, Kansas, Unit) Bureau of Animal Industry, Or- ganization of the Employees in (Pouisiana) oo. See eo ee Bureau of Animal Industry Em- ployees, Conference of (Missis- sippi) Bureau of Animal Industry Vet- erinarians (National Association RO Sa 78, 192, 400, 665, oe ere eee eo eee eee ee wee ee eee TOTO ook ioe ie es was Colorado Veterinary Medical 5,449,186 SCR OMO ee yl s. s aes ca uae ant eda bone 12.3% Receipts of Sheep at 10 Markets iae G- months: 1916.2. es se ee iS. caedeweae tated Gees 4,662,660 aan © MOGs ea NS, ect. ea detaw eee teres fs 4,928,007 BPCCOMMO el PEs iin oe 6 5 9 eng inate See uae a 5.4% It should also be noted that the average weight of hogs has been much greater during 1918 than during 1917. For example, average weight of hogs killed by Swift & Company at Chicago October 1, 1917, to June 1, 1918, was 15% greater than during the corresponding period of the previous year. Taking into ac- count numbers of hogs received and average weight there has been an increase of nearly 25% in the total quantity of pork products available for consumption in 1918 as compared with 1917, which is a splendid answer from the country to the call of the United States Food Administration for more exportable meats. While wholesale prices for meats have necessarily gone up with live stock prices, the increase has not been relatively as great. This saving to the consumer has been made possible through higher values and better utilization of by-products which result in better prices for live stock. From 1915 to 1917 the wholesale price of meat has increased only 20.7%, whereas the price of live stock increased 39%. : LIVE STOCK RECEIPTS AND SUPPLY. Receipts of cattle, hogs and sheep at nine principal markets for seven years—1911 to 1917, inclusive (years ending September 30)—were as follows: : 7 Receipts of Cattle at Nine Principal Markets Years Ending Sep- tember 30, 1911-1917 Year Number of Head BOEE 2a. COL gett. ees 9,416,374 Te ree en Mk 8,861,404 C1): Nas. Sa 9,108,500 a a 45 8,193,856 ee ep a 8,464,185 URI ot oO, cc cas « 9,650,000 RO es ei 12,278,000 12 J. J. FERGUSON Receipts of Hogs at Nine Principal Markets Years Ending Sep- tember 30, 1911-1917 Year Number of Head Bete RN es ae en wk 19,217,508 NE ee ea ce eke 21,035,000 SE as eo Pra e 19,997,000 Be ee sa a ee ee 19,176,000 OS ek ce i ee 21,366,000 PIG as oad ee es 25,258,000 1987 ks, Vere ea 25,049,000 Receipts of Sheep at Nine Principal Markets Years Ending Sep- tember 30, 1911-1917 Year Number of Head Te ae ee 13,530,000 I9i2. 7 es Papen ah Se 14,148,000 FOTF. So seeite oe 14,148,000 TOA. ths ot ctleda ae 14,702,000 TOTO ee a 11,994,000 SUG. Fo ae a 11,741,000 cD Ge Aiea cee Sgt ea Rte 11,415,000 The most important fact in these figures is a pronounced in- erease in receipts of cattle in 1917. Hogs show a slight decrease as compared with 1916—otherwise receipts of hogs were greater than for any previous year, and receipts of sheep show a con- tinuous decline. : While it is true that live stock production has not increased in proportion to the increase of human population in this country, figures indicate that the live stock situation is hot quite so serious as the public generally suppose. We have good authority for believing that the number of cattle on farms in this country is greater today than ever before, in spite of the fact that the number sent to market for slaughter in 1917 was the greatest in our history. The number of hogs has shown a slight decrease in 1917—both in the number on farms and the number sent to market. The short pig crop in 1917 is undoubtedly due to the high price of corn, which discouraged breeding, and the high price of hogs, which encouraged sale of breeding stock. Also, the unfavorable Spring of 1917 caused very heavy mottality among little pigs. In spite of the increase in 1917 being relatively less as compared with 1916, it should be remembered that production was greater than for any other previous year and that a new maximum will THE LIVE STOCK INDUSTRY 13 undoubtedly be established in 1918. Hog production, although it has not quite kept pace with population, has shown a contin- uous actual increase. Sheep are the only important kind of live stock which have shown an actual, continuous production de- crease. PROSPECTS FOR LIVE STOCK INDUSTRY. Every man in the live stock business would like a reliable prediction on future production and prices. Will supply and demand continue to operate in such a way that reasonable profits will be assured to the producer? On this matter, no one has any definite knowledge, but perhaps a survey of the situation may be of interest. For the duration of the war a wide and active market will probably obtain. It is apparent that when the war ends, Europe will need quantities of American meats to feed her people. She will also require breeding stock to replenish her depleted flocks and herds. ‘The demand from Europe for live stock products should continue good at fair prices. Of the producing countries, Mexico has been rapidly exhaust- ing her supply of meat-producing animals, pending the restora- tion of stable government. It will probably be long before Mexico becomes a considerable factor in the exportation of live stock. Canada, suffering from an acute shortage of labor, has been reducing the number of cattle, sheep and hogs on her farms. Canada will not have much live stock, other than hogs, for export . in the near future. Australia and New Zealand are recovering from the effects of several seasons of scarcity of rainfall, which greatly depleted flocks and herds. Their production of sheep and mutton, which formed the basis, of the world’s supply, has been greatly reduced. Live stock conditions are far from normal in South American producing countries. Money has been scarce in Brazil and Ar- gentine, which, coupled with high prices for live stock, has checked increased production. This survey indicates that producers need not fear over- production of live stock in this country within several years. It is reasonable ta expect, when this war is over, there will be a world market at fair prices for whatever live stock they produce. 14 J. J. FERGUSON NEW CONDITIONS OFFER GREATER OPPORTUNITIES FOR CONSTRUCTIVE SERVICE IN THE VETERINARY PROFESSION. It has long seemed to the writer as a business man that this Association, State and Local Veterinary Associations, and Veter- inarians as individuals, may properly and productively under- take public service with a wider field and vision. The American Veterinary Medical Association might well enlarge the scope of its activities along lines so successfully pur- sued by the United States Live Stock Sanitary Association by inviting the co-operation of national and state live stock organiza- tions such as: 1. The American National Live Stock Association ; . The National Wool Growers’ Association ; . National Pure-Bred Live Stock Record Associations ; . State Live Stock Breeders’ Associations; Live Stock Traffic Departments of Trunk Line Railways; : 6. American Meat Packers’ Association, and other major organizations directly concerned in the live stock industry. Better mutual understanding and co-operation could be estab- lished by inviting representatives of these organizations from time to time appear on the program of this Association so that if they had any grievance against the veterinary profession it might be ventilated freely. Suggestions for betterment of con- ditions affecting the industry might be exchanged. This Association with its splendid resources might undertake a national campaign of education through live stock and farm papers dealing with control and eradication of— Bovine Tuberculosis Contagious Abortion ~ Tick Eradication (in state affected) Control of Hog Cholera Disposition of Diseased Carcasses on the Farm Pollution of Wells, Ponds; and Streams Construction of Sanitary Buildings, Yards, and Feed Lots Sanitary Water Supply, and an infinite variety of subjects of varying importance. Information on these matters could be disseminated in the form of concise popular bulletins. Cn oO DO In addition, this Association might properly secure a place on the program at major live stock conventions for veterinarians with a record of accomplishment along specific lines. We know THE LIVE STOCK INDUSTRY 15 such men would be welcome at live stock gatherings and their message widely spread through bulletins and reports published by such Associations. State and district veterinary associations could bring their members into more friendly and profitable relation with breeders, feeders, and farmers in their respective states by devoting a period at their annual meeting to papers and addresses from suc- cessful stockmen and farmers within the state whose work in breeding, feeding and maintenance of healthy herds would be an incentive to others along similar lines. State associations could accomplish results by interesting themselves more directly in the work of the Veterinary Department of their State Agricultural College and Experiment Station, which we have found in many cases sadly in need of such support. Where such co-operation is welcome a committee of the state association could do productive work in supporting the State Veterinarian or State Live Stock Sanitary Board in working for sanitary conditions in live stock departments of state, district and county fairs. Civic service freely rendered is now the motto of all good citizens. State associations would render valuable public service in se- curing state and municipal legislation providing for official super- vision of abattoirs operating without U. S. government inspection. It is widely recognized that such places are clearing-houses for numbers of meat animals which probably could never escape con- demnation at the hands of B. A. I. inspectors. Public health and welfare demand this matter shall receive constructive consider- ation. THE VETERINARIAN IN CIVIC WELFARE. The modern progressive veterinarian must be much more than a horse and cow doctor. In his intimate association with stockmen and farmers he can be a man of influence and example in his community. His service should not be confined to paid service. In most cases, the veterinarian as an intelligent reader of live stock and farm journals and a student of the science and practice of animal breeding, knows the advantages of using pure-bred sires with quality developed along specialized lines. The use of such sires means larger returns in a shorter time for feed and labor, better quality, higher prices and more profit for the finished product. The veterinarian should persistently talk live stock improvement through the use of specialized lines of breeding for specific lines of production. 16 J. J. FERGUSON He should drop a word in season regarding the desirability and reliability of the tuberculin test and the necessity for careful handling of all re-acting animals. Under average conditions the veterinarian sees little and hears less of tubercular animals on the farm. He could do much by suggestion to encourage clean- ing up the herd and premises and so reduce preventable losses from this source. By advocating the use of anti-hog cholera serum in healthy herds of swine the veterinarian would assist greatly in prevent- — ing outbreaks of cholera, which are still unnecessarily numerous and costly. In brief, the veterinarian should proceed more along the lines of preventive medicine than he has done in the past. When visiting a farm professionally he can easily drop a few pertinent suggestions about improved sanitary conditions around the stables and barnyard. He can tell of the advantage of an all-year-round supply of sanitary drinking water, the saving possible through the use of concrete floors in stables, yards, and feed lots, the use of concrete water troughs, sanitary storage tanks | and mangers. He can suggest how easy it would be to lay tile to drain the sink hole near the barnyard to the great advantage of both the human and animal population on the farm. He should be able to tell the farmer the advantage of a farm system of electric lighting, a pressure water system for residence, buildings, and feed lots, and the life-saving necessity for a sanitary’ sewage disposal system through the use of a septic tank. In brief, the veterinarian should know how to help farmers live safer, saner, cleaner, and better lives on the farm. An unreasonably large number of market live stock reaching the packing house suffer from preventable disease, emaciation, or mechanical injury, resulting in enormously depreciated value in the meat product from these animals and material reduction in the national food supply. The practicing veterinarian by advice and suggestion can do much to remove the untoward factors in- volved which, in the aggregate, would mean immense salvage of exportable meats now so urgently needed. | CO-OPERATION IN LIVE STOCK IMPROVEMENT. As an illustration of what the veterinarian can do in assisting live stock improvement, we have undertaken, as a demonstration experiment, to help grade up beef cattle in a certain county in the Central South. We called on the State Veterinarian of that state for assist- ance. He has detailed five assistant State Veterinarians in that VITAMINES AND NUTRITION 17 county to locate farms on which we shall place pure-bred beef bulls. These local veterinarians will periodically inspect the animals and premises and advise with the farmers how best to feed and care for these bulls for profitable results. The mere anzouncement of this work has proved a great stimulus to live stock improvement over the entire state. Commercial live stock interests recognize in the honest skilled graduate veterinarian a staunch friend and ally absolutely essen- tial to the safe and permanent conduct of their business. Intimate daily contact with officials of the U. S. Bureau of Animal Indus- try, State Live Stock Sanitary Boards, and State Veterinarians has served only to increase our esteem and appreciation of the power for good in the intelligent veterinarian who sincerely devotes his life and effort to the betterment of this vitally impor- tant industry. | VITAMINES AND NUTRITION.* PIeRRE A. FisH, Ithaca, New York. The importance of little things in science has grown as re- search has increased. Only thirty or forty years ago it was not uncommon to hear and read of the Germ Theory of Disease. It is now an obsolete expression, but we are still in the shadow as regards ultra-visible germs. The animal organism is extremely sensitive to certain sub- stances in minute quantities. A striking example is that fur-. nished by the suprarenal glands. Their removal is attended with fatal results. The active constituent of these glands—adrenalin or epinephrin—is present, under normal conditions, only to the extent of one part in 100,000,000 parts of the blood, and yet this infinitesimal trace is essential to life. Research has shown that life cannot be maintained on an abso- lutely pure mixture of protein, carbohydrate, fat and salts. Com- paratively recent evidence has shown that, in order to maintain the organism in condition, a small quantity of something not heretofore recognized must be present in the food. A ration, however well balanced and however well organized as to its * Read before the Veterinary Medical Association of New Jersey, semi- annual meeting, Asbury Park, New Jersey, July 12, 1918. 18 Pp. A. FISH ‘< calorific or fuel value, is still deficient if this wanting. Very many foods contain an exceedingly small but important amount of accessory substances, which have recently been shown to be essential for the growth, development and well being of the organism. When these substances are excluded from the food, the body suffers, and sooner or later becomes subject to various diseases. What these substances are and the role they play in the chemical changes of the body is the subject of con- siderable discussion and investigation. Various substances have been isolated whose presence in foods influences favorably the condition of the body and whose absence produces the opposite effect. ; Among these substances or ‘‘aecessory foods’’ are vitamines. The term vitamine was suggested by Casimir Funk in 1911. It is made up from the word vita (life) and amine, meaning an amine or chemical compound essential to life. The disease known as beri-beri, a polyneuritis, was one of the first to be associated with the investigation of vitamines. This affection has been prevalent in those instances where the diet was exclusively or principally upon polished rice. It was found that a similar condition of polyneuritis with the same diet could be induced in pigeons and fowls and these forms served usefully for experimental purposes. If unpolished rice (with husk) was used the disease did not occur or if polished rice were fed and some of the husk or polishings later administered, health was maintained. Funk has endeavored to isolate the substance (vitamine) which prevents beri-beri. From 100 kilograms of dry yeast, he prepared 1.6 grams of a crystalline substance, which if given in doses of 4-8 milligrams to neuritic pigeons effected a rapid cure in 2 or 3 hours. Scurvy is another disease which occurs in man and certain higher animals when the diet does not contain fresh vegetables or fresh animal foods. Formerly epidemics of scurvy broke out on sailing vessels when the crew was forced to live for several months on such food as canned beef and dried cereals. During the siege of Paris in 1871 an epidemic of scurvy broke out in a portion of the population because of the lack of fresh food. This conception of the cause of scurvy is supported by the fact that a corresponding change of diet and especially the administration of fresh milk or lemon juice leads to a rapid recovery of most cases ‘something’’ is VITAMINES AND NUTRITION 19 4 affected by the disease. It is reasonable, therefore, to conclude that there exist in fresh food some substances which are essential for the prevention of scurvy and may be designated as anti- scurvy or anti-scorbutic substances. These substances, as already intimated, have no direct relation to the other known constituents such as proteins, carbohydrates, fats and salts. From the practical point of view it is highly desirable to know something of the distribution of vitamines in the various natural foods. A quantitative method for estimating the vitamine-content of a given food unfortunately is not available at the present time. A relative estimate, however, is useful and this information is available in the following table as to antineuritic and anti- scorbutie properties: ANTINEURITIC PROPERTIES ANTISCORBUTIC PROPERTIES Relatively Rich Relatively Poor Relatively Rich Relatively Poor Brewers yeast Sterilized milk Fresh vegetables Dried vegetables Eggs yolk Sterilized meat Fresh fruits Dried fruits Ox heart Cabbage Raw milk Sterilized milk Milk (fresh) Turnips Raw meat Canned meat Beef and other Carrots and other Cereals, sprout- Dried cereals fresh meats vegetables of ing Pork fat Fish this type Starch Beans Highly milled Molasses Peas cereals Corn syrup Oats Starch Barley Molasses Wheat Corn syrup Corn Other cereals It is an unfortunate fact that some of the foods richest in vitamines are more costly than those in which they are relatively poor. This is unfortunate especially in the large cities where in the poor districts at certain seasons, fresh eggs, fresh milk, beef, ete., are practically prohibitive financially. Much of the disease and malnutrition in these areas is doubtless due to the lack of these food accessories. | Although the presence in certain foods of unknown accessory food components has been pretty well established, it is a matter of considerable importance to determine their chemical nature and physiological action. Experiments have shown that the antiscorbutic and antineuritic substances could be extracted from certain foods by water. The antineuritic substances have also been found to be soluble in alcohol; as already mentioned in con- nection with yeast, this substance has been obtained in crystal- line form, which yields on analysis, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen 20 P. A. FISH and oxygen. Although our knowledge of the chemical nature and physiological action of vitamines is still far from complete, a fact of fundamental importance is that they are fairly sus- ceptible to temperatures above 100°C. (boiling temperature). Prolonged heating of most of the natural foods to a temperature of 120 degrees for one to three hours will destroy most of the physiological activity of the vitamines originally present in these foods. On the physiological side, the evidence seems to indicate that without vitamines the food induces a toxic reaction more or less gradual in its effect; the best remedy for which is the antidotal action of the vitamines. The animal body is not capable of manufacturing the antidote or the known vitamines from vita- mine-free food. (Antitoxins originate within the body ; vitamines originate outside the body.) All of the higher animals, including man, receive their vitamine supply directly or indirectly from plants. It is the plant that synthesizes the vitamine and we obtain our necessary vitamine supply either by eating vegetable food or animal food. Cows store in their bodies the vitamines which they consume in their fodder; a portion of them is secreted with the milk, supplying the calf with the necessary vitamines, as well as furnishing a valuable source of vitamine for man. Chickens transfer part of the vitamine content of their cereal food into the eggs they lay. Jt is the plant which keeps up the vitamine supply essential for animal life. The wonderful syn- thetic power of plants is shown by their capacity of building up the vitamine from simple inorganic compounds. The fate of the vitamines in the animal body is not: very well known. The body seems to have the capacity of holding fast to them for some little time. If a diet sufficient in vitamines is changed to one deficient or free of vitamine, it takes, as a rule, several weeks or even months before obvious and well-defined symptoms of defi- ciency diseases appear. As already remarked, the animal organism is very sensitive to certain substances as exemplified by adrenalin, an animal product. Evidence seems to be growing that the animal organ- ism is also very sensitive to a vegetable product, the vitamines and that we have, therefore, from vegetables sources, products which are just as essential for life and the well being of an. animal as are the hormones or internal secretions. With continued research, it is not impossible that vitamines may be isolated to such an extent that they may be used to sup- Te eS a ee re VITAMINES AND NUTRITION 21 plement a diet in which they are deficient, or utilized in a thera- peutic way in deficiency diseases for curative purposes. The effect of the war upon the health and food supply of a people may be sensed from the newspaper reports of conditions in the areas occupied by the Central Powers. Of specific condi- tions information is vague. With unbalanced, scanty rations with vitamine content ignored, deficiency diseases may be ex- pected. Of these scurvy and beri-beri are best known, pellagra may be partially concerned and possibly rickets. Scurvy ap- peared in Glasgow and the English midland cities in 1916-17; when there was a scarcity of potatoes. Beri-beri was prevalent for a time during the siege of Kut when the white troops were on a ration of white flour. This disappeared when replaced by coarsely milled barley flour and Indian cereal grains. Scurvy broke out among the Indian troops in Mesopotamia as they did not eat the meat and horse flesh ration which protected the white troops from this disease. Substitution of fats deficient in the fat accessory for butter and diminution in the quantity of fat ration has caused outbreaks of xerophthalmia among children in the enemy countries and the increased amount of carbohydrates in the diet to make good the shortage in protein and fats has caused diminution in the growth of young children. The health and food question is of vital importance to America as to other countries. The mistakes and experiences of others should be duly considered and profited by. It is not always nec- essary that the full picture of a deficiency disease should make its appearance. Such vague symptoms as loss of appetite and general weakness might very well, in some instances, be due to a deficient diet. It is quite possible that a number of indefinite complaints and symptoms of adults and children may be due to this cause and would be benefited by the administration of vitamines. The scientific and practical problems of stock raising will probably be very greatly benefited by researches on the effect of vitamines on the growth of animals and the composition and nutritive value of cow’s milk. Efforts should be made to make use of certain industrial wastes rich in vitamines, such as brew- er’s yeast, rice polishings, ete. It is an unfortunate coincidence that foods deficient in vita- mines, which as a rule contain large amounts of, or are exclu- sively, carbohydrates, are cheap and abundant. The rising cost of foodstuffs induces the poorer classes, who cannot ration them- selves intelligently, to ration themselves according to prices and 22 R. R. BOLTON to unconsciously put themselves on a low plane of vitamine intake. To the veterinarian the nutrition of animals is as important as the nutrition of the human to the physician. Although the domesticated animals are doubtless less susceptible than the human to so wide a range of deficiency diseases ‘because of less interference with the natural ration in the way of cooking, etc., it is well to remember that a perfectly balanced ration of pure proximate principles or a ration properly constructed as to its ealorific or fuel value is not sufficient to sustain life satisfactorily if the vitamine content is deficient. It has been reported that certain prepared foods have caused digestive disturbances. It is reasonable to infer that, as in human nutrition, vitamines must be considered. When research has advanced sufficiently it is not unlikely that it will be shown that dietetics play quite as impor- tant a part as therapeutics in safeguarding animal health. It has been said that ‘‘Each country and each epoch has its own food problems.’’ It is our duty to assist in the solution of them. THE EXAMINATION OF THE EYE.* R. R. Botton, Unadilla, New York. The practicing veterinarian is often requested to make an examination of the eyes of animals, especially of horses, because the horse is peculiarly susceptible to and frequently afflicted with a contagio-infectious disease which is very insidious in its nature, | and which appears to affect only the eyes. Injuries often occur to the eyes of the horse as well as to the eyes of other species, and these take on a peculiar course in the process of repair, due to the highly specialized structures involved. An injury to the eye or the deranged sight of an eye following injury or following afflic- tion with the insidious disease before mentioned gives the animal a repulsive appearance and makes it intractable. The presence of the contagio-infectious disease known as periodic ophthalmia or moon-blindness constitutes an unsoundness. For one to be able to differentiate injury of the eye from periodic ophthalmia r ) * Read at the meeting of the Southwestern Tier Veterinary Medical Asso- ciation, Binghamton, New York, July 5, 1918. EXAMINATION OF THE EYE 23 often requires a very thorough and careful examination of the entire structure of the eye. Having a knowledge of the structure, anatomical relations, blood and nerve supply and physiological functions of the parts of the eye, an examination naturally divides itself into two parts, as follows: A. Examination of the exterior ; B. Examination of the interior. Examination of the exterior of the eye is done by two meth- ods: I. Inspection, and II. Palpation. I. Inspection consists in a scrutinizing examination of all those parts visible to the unaided eye and should be done in shaded daylight, not in direct sunlight. The eyes are observed in comparison with each other or with a pair of sound eyes and the following parts noted: (1) Prominence of the eyes. Are the two eyes of equal promi-. nence? Is the prominence of the eyes normal? (2) The Palpebral Fissures. Are they equal in size, symmet- rical and regular in contour? (3) The Eyelids. Are they symmetrical, faulty in form, posi- tion or movement ? (4) The Eyelashes. With eyes open, the eyelashes of a pair of healthy eyes in the horse project nearly horizontally from the vertical plane of the side of the head. They incline very slightly downward from the horizontal. In a pair of healthy eyes the direction of the eyelashes are symmet- rical with each other. (5) The Membrana Nictitans. Only the pigmented margin of the membrana nictitans can be seen at the internal can- thus of the healthy eye. The margin of each should be | regular, symmetrical and thin. (6) The Conjunctiva. The conjunctiva is inspected to deter- mine the condition of the circulation in the eye. Two systems of blood vessels may be seen in the bulbar con- junctiva: the conjunctival and the ciliary. The con- junctival system consists of numerous irregular, fine tortuous vessels which anastomose frequently and which move with the mucosa when pressed aside on the bulb. In health the conjuctiva is pale pink and only a few fine pink vessels are seen. The ciliary system consists of larger vessels which ramify in straight lines over the eyeball from near the margin of the cornea and do not move on 24 R. R. BOLTON the eyeball when pressure is exerted sidewise on the bulb. In eyes devoid of pigment there may be seen a narrow zone of white around the margin of the cornea, which is limited by a line of points on the sclerotic where the ciliary vessels perforate and traverse the sclerotic to the ciliary body. In conjunctivitis the conjuctival vessels are enlarged, numerous and tortous and the conjunctiva is reddened and swollen.- In iritis and inflammation of the ciliary body the ciliary vessels are enlarged and may be seen as red lines over the bulb accompanied with sensitiveness to pressure on the bulb. (7) The Cornea. The cornea’ is a smooth, transparent and glistening membrane with a uniform and regular con- vexity. In health no blood vessels can be seen. (8) The Aqueous Humor. The aqueous humor is a collection of lymph maintained within the eyeball between the posterior surface of the cornea and the anterior surface of the capsule of the lens. In health it is perfectly trans- | parent. (9) The Iris and Pupil. To inspect the iris and pupil satis- : factorily place the animal inside with his head near a - window or an open door so that the light falls directly in his face. All openings admitting light to the rear of the animal should be closed so that when the observer stands in front of the animal looking at the eye no ray of light may interfere with his vision. In shaded day- light the healthy eye shows a black horizontal pupil bordered by the iris, the free margin of which is even and regularly oval in the horse and ox, while in the dog it is circular. In a pair of healthy eyes the pupils are symmetrical and equal in size. The iris is a pigmented muscular curtain, the muscle fibers of which are arranged circularly and diametrically. In strong light it should contract promptly, thus contracting the pupil, and ex- pand as promptly in darkness, thus dilating the pupil. To examine, cover one eye with the hand so as to exclude the light, then cover the other eye for a minute or so and quickly withdraw. The pupil should be dilated when the hand is withdrawn and should promptly contract until proper accommodation is secured. Any failure to show these movements implies a lesion in the brain, optic EXAMINATION OF THE EYE 25 nerve or eye which impairs or paralyzes vision. The various causes of immobility of the iris are: (a) Permanence of the pupillary membrane which has remained from the fetal condition. | (b) Adhesion of the iris to ie capsule of the lens (poste- rior synechia). (c) Adhesion of the iris to the cornea (anterior syne- chia). (d) Glaucoma, in which intraocular pressine determines dilation of the pupil. : (e) Iritis (inflammation and swelling of the iris). this the pupil is narrowed. : (f) Lesions of the oculomotor nerve may eer the iris and fix the pupil. (10) The Corpora Nigra. These are especially prominent in the horse’s eye and are smoothly rounded bodies, pigmented like the iris and attached to the horizontal margins of the iris from which they project outwardly. They are largest on the upper horizontal margin and may also be seen on the lower horizontal margin. II. Palpation consists of feeling the eye with the hand or finger tips. The tension, sensitiveness and temperature of the eyeball are to be noted by this method of examination. Both eyes should be palpated simultaneously for comparison. To determine the tension and sensitiveness, the simplest and most practicable method is to place the index finger of each hand upon the upper lid of the eye and press inward upon the eyeball. All normal eyes have about the same tension, but a pair of healthy eyes have the same tension. A pair of eyes may differ in tension, depending upon whether one has been subjected to chronic dis- ease and the other has been comparatively free from it. When sensitiveness is elicited on palpation of the eye, it is always indic- ative of an acute inflammatory condition within the globe. The temperature of the eye may be determined most easily by cover- ing the eyeball with the palm of the hand. Increased temper- ature accompanies an acute inflammatory process. Examination of the Interior of the Eye depends for the most part upon inspection and upon being able to look into the interior of the eyeball through its transparent media. There are three methods in use for such an examination as follows: I. The Use of Mydriatics. 26 R. R. BOLTON II. The Examination for Purkinje-Sanson Images. Ill. The Use of the Ophthalmoscope. I. The Use of Mydriatics. A mydriatic is any drug that when applied locally to the eye in the form of eyedrops (solution) possesses the physiological action of dilating the pupil through paralysis of the ciliary muscles and iris. During the action of the drug the power of accommodation is lost. The use of a mydriatic is the first step preparatory to making an examination of the interior of the eye. If after the appli- cation of a mydriatic, dilation of the pupil cannot be obtained, we cannot proceed with any further examination of the interior of the eye, such as an examination for Purkinje-Sanson Images, or by the use of the Ophthalmoscope, because these methods of ex- amination depend upon our being able to reflect and project rays of light into the fundus of the eye to illuminate it. Any ex- amination of the interior of the eye attempted without first hav- ing secured paralysis of the iris and dilation of the pupil is un- satisfactory because the projection of light into an unprepared eye causes the iris to contract strongly and the pupil to close to a narrow opening so that structures back of the iris cannot be seen. Observation of the action of a mydriatic drug upon the eye - gives useful information as to the condition of certain structures within the eyeball. Dilation of the pupil may be prohibited by any one of the following: | (a) Adhesions between the margins of the iris. (b) Adhesions between the iris and the capsule of the lens (posterior synechia). (c) Adhesion between iris and cornea (anterior synechia). (d) Infiltration and swelling of the iris. The following drugs are mydriaties and are used as described: (1) Atropine sulphate. This drug is in most common use as a mydriatic because it is most generally available and is most persistent in its action. The nitrate, salicylate, or borate, of atropine may be used. For eye work atropine is usually employed in a 1% solution (atropine sulph. gr. 1, aqua dest. 3 ii). Fresh solutions should always be used. One or two drops are lodged in the pouch of the conjuctiva under the lower lid, whence it is absorbed through the cornea and into the aqueous humor to act directly upon the iris and ciliary body. In healthy eyes a full effect is obtained in one hour and often remains twenty-four hours. . Accommodation re- j EXAMINATION OF THE EYE 27 mains imperfect as long as eleven days. On diseased eyes a larger amount may be required and where adhesions of the iris (syne- chie) are present dilation of the pupil maybe impossible. To produce a maximum effect upon the iris, where it is de- sired to break down adhesions, ten drops of the atropine solution should be instilled into the eye, with an interval of five minutes between each drop. In. this way the accumulated effect of all ~ the drops is obtained. More than one drop ean hardly be retained in the conjuctival sae at a time. The use of cocaine (2% solution) along with the atropine insures a maximum dilation of the pupil. The best mydriatic prescription is the following, according to DeSchweinitz: R Atropine sulph.......... ers. 1V Cocaine hydrochlor....... ers. Vill PR GIEB ACRE oe 0 iis yes sn’ 51 M. Sig. Use as eye drops. A drop of the above solution into the eye once or twice daily will maintain a maximum dilation of the pupil in severe inflam- mations of the eye. (2) Homatropin. This drug is weaker than atropine and the effect does not last as long. To use the drug properly it must be employed in 2% to 4% solutions, one drop of such solution being instilled into the conjunctival sac every 15 minutes for an hour and a half. The effect remains three days. (3) Seopolamin. This drug is employed in 144% solution. ‘wo instillations of one drop each, 30 to 45 minutes apart, are sufficient. Dilation of the pupil is complete in 30 minutes after the second instillation. The effect remains five to six days. (4) Coeaine hydrochloride. Cocaine is a mild mydriatic and is used in 2% to 4% solutions. It seems to be an excellent syner- gist to atropine, and in eye work is most commonly used in con- junction with atropine as in the prescription above. Cocaine causes contraction of the blood vessels of the iris. Il. Examination by Purkinje-Sanson Images. Examination for the Purkinje-Sanson images is made to determine the trans- parency of the cornea, aqueous humor, lens and lens capsule. The transparency of the lens and lens capsule constitutes the most important object of this procedure because it is the simplest and most practicable method of determining the existence of cataract. In order to make the examination it is first necessary to instill into the eye a mydriatic and obtain complete paralysis of the iris and dilation of the pupil. Second, darkness or semi-darkness 28 R. R. BOLTON and a candle light or any artificial light of low illuminating power which is freely movable must be available. The value of the examination is based on the following: If, in a darkened room a lighted candle is passed back and forth at a suitable distance (4 to 6 inches) in front of a healthy eye, the pupil of which has previously been dilated, and an observer looks into the eye ~ obliquely, he will see within the pupil three images of the candle flame reflected, respectively, the first from the external surface of the cornea, the second from the anterior surface of the lens, and the third from the posterior surface of the lens. The image from the front of the cornea (first) is erect, bright and clearly defined; the image from the front of the lens (second) is still erect, slightly larger, and dimmer than the first, because the difference between the index of refraction of the aqueous humor and the lens is very slight; and the third, that from the back of the lens, is smaller, clearer and more distinct than the last (second), and is inverted, because the surface of reflection on the back of the lens acts as a concave mirror. a The first and second images are also seen to move in the same direction that the lighted candle moved, while the third image moves in an opposite direction. | Any unevenness or opacity at any point on the three reflecting surfaces will cause the image reflected from that point and also the images reflected from surfaces posterior to become blurred, diffused or obliterated, depending upon the intensity of the opacity. Thus, not the existence only, but the exact seat of an opacity is easily demonstrated. Opacities of the cornea cause a blurring of the first image, and a diffusion or obliteration of the second and third images. Opacities in the aqueous or on the anterior surface of the lens blur, diffuse or obliterate only the second and third images. Finally, opacities in the body of the lens or on its posterior sur- face blur, diffuse or obliterate only the third image. Ill. The Use of the Ophthalmoscope. The Ophthalmoscope is used to determine the endian: of the deeper structures, i. e., those structures posterior to the lens and iris. This is only possible when the cornea, aqueous and lens are transparent and the pupil can be dilated. (Use of mydriatics. ) In a healthy eye no object back of the iris can be seen by an observer with his eye unaided, which is due to the fact that the background of the eye being examined is not illuminated. — EXAMINATION OF THE EYE 29 Whenever we project rays of light into the background of an eye so as to illuminate it and are able to bring our line of vision in the same line with the projected rays of light, it is easy to see the background. This is best accomplished with an ophthal- moscope, which is a small, concave mirror having a hole in the center through which the observer looks, thus bringing his line of vision in the same line with the rays of light reflected from the mirror into the background of the eye and illuminating it. In order to use the ophthalmoscope efficiently the pupil should first be dilated by the application of a mydriatic and the subject placed in a darkened room with a single flame of an oil lamp or candle or an electric light of low candle power. The light should be held stationary and in such a position that its rays may be reflected into the eye of the subject with ease to the observer. The ophthalmoscope is held close to the eye of the observer and at a distance of 10 to 20 inches from the subject’s eye. In focus- ing a refiected light on the cornea and then on the pupil, lens or vitreous, any opacities in these will appear as grayish, cloudy reflections or a denser white, according to their degree of opacity. Opacities in the cornea or aqueous move in the same direction as the eye rolls, while opacities in the vitreous move in the direction opposite to the motions of the eye, so that by the aid of the ophthalmoscope it is not only possible to determine the presence of opacities in the transparent media of the eye but also to locate them with accuracy. Furthermore, an examination of the retinal circulation and of the optic papilla is possible. —Dr. G. E. Golden, recently in charge of Hog Cholera work in Louisiana, has been transferred to similar work at Des Moines, lowa. —Dr. J. D. Townsend, of Mississippi, who has been doing tuberculosis eradication work in Louisiana, on the force of Dr. R. W. Tuck, has resigned to take up the breeding of pure-bred cattle near Shreveport, Louisiana. —Dr. A. E. Eschenbacher has resigned his position on stock yards inspection work of the B. A. I., at New Orleans, Louisiana, and is now in private practice at Arabi, Louisiana. Much of the Doctor’s time is occupied in tuberculin testing of dairy and breeding cattle coming into Louisiana. PARSING THE VETERINARIAN. (PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE.) T. P.. WHITE. Is there any one of us who fails to remember the mingled feelings of importance and. anticipation running riot the day we received diplomas acknowledging to the world that having com- plied with prescribed studies, ete., of a certain seat of learning we were duly accredited veterinarians? And do you recollect the deep (and lasting?) impression made upon the graduating body through the remarks of. those chosen to outline on that memorable day the duties devolving upon this exceptional class of graduates, to depict the grandeur of the noble profession we were entering, the wonderful future just unfolding to men as well fitted as we, and the bright career awaiting us in our chosen field of endeavors? As one of our cartoonists would put it: ‘‘Wasn’t it a Grr-a-nn-d and Glo-o-ri-o-us feeling!’’ Then came the rude awakening! A sordid and unsympathetic world refused to accept us at our worth unless we proved by deeds and not words that our services to a community were worthy of the confidence, trust, and remuneration solicited. Under such requirements how many of us proved to be a keen disappointment to the institution from which we came, to the professor whose special charge we had been and to the profession which had so generously taken us into its bosom, to say nothing of the dis- appointment to ourselves, verging on the point of belief that an error had been made in the selection of a mode of livelihood. There is a saying that one’s life and opportunities are largely what we make them. Granted this to be true in many cases, we must not fail to apply the well-known axiom that there are ex- ceptions to all rules, and particularly in the case of the veteri- narian. In the majority of instances the new graduate in veteri- nary medicine seeking a location wherein to practice his science has been more or less a victim of circumstances, oftentimes having been stalked by a ghost of the past, a specter of ill’omen, as it were, in the shape of an incompetent practitioner or quack who for years had foisted his presence and illiterate practices on the PARSING THE VETERINARIAN 31 community. True, the veterinary fledgling had been told, warned and admonished that his success would depend upon his ability to overcome obstacles and adversities, but somehow, when faced with the conerete problem it became a more serious task than when discussed in the lecture room. The newcomer in the field of practice who had the wisdom to choose a rich man for his father and whose equipment, food and laundry money came from the perennial source oftentimes weathered the storm and emerged from it all victorious to become later a substantial citizen. A few, very few, without money but endowed with un- limited confidence in themselves (a trait very essential in the makeup of all veterinarians) managed to hang on till some unlooked-for incident established their standing and ability to render efficient service. Today, however, we see the prejudice and suspicion toward the veterinarian disappear and it is pleasant to note that his presence and services are solicited by almost every community and he is hailed as a useful member of society. The so-called veterinarians of the past, whose only legacy left to the succeeding generaation is the opprobius name of ‘‘horse doctor,’’ thanks to a kind Providence, is fast becoming extinct. The age of checkered suits, the derby hat perched on one ear, and black cigars which in proper place were tilted at an angle of 45 degrees, is only a memory, and with the passing of public gambling at race tracks and questionable dealing in horse flesh the profession has been purged of griping obstructions to progress and the application of science. However, let us not overlook the fact that veterinarians of today are indebted to many students - and leaders in veterinary problems who lived in that dark age but whose scruples and principles plus scientific thoughts and training have laid the foundation of veterinary science upon a sound basis. To those, as pioneers, our thanks are due and given with true sincerity. The practicing veterinarian of the present is profiting in a large degree by the error or limitation of those of the past. He has learned the necessity of being trained and qualified to affiliate with the various interests common to a locality. His views are broader, his sympathies keener, joining and giving freely of his advice and help in any movement for the benefit and upbuilding of the community of which he is a part. He has progressed from a livery stable as official headquarters to a well-appointed office on one of the principal streets. We find him representing his neighbors in local councils. He is becoming identified with civic 32 T. P. WHITE improvement movements. He has a comfortable residence. His family moves in society. In short, he is (as well he should be) one of the progressive and leading citizens. It becomes necessary to digress somewhat from the main theme to call special attention to a group of veterinarians which here- tofore has figured but little, or in a limited way, in the councils, organizations and plans of the veterinary profession. Reference is made to the large number of these professional men in the employ of the Federal Government. In their sphere, as sani- tarians, in the detection and destruction of disease-infected meats, in the eradication of infectious and contagious diseases of live stock in the field, and in the various phases of work to which they are assigned, they, without a doubt, render the greatest good to the general public of any servant in the employ of the country. For reasons over which they have no control this army of loyal and efficient veterinarians has been overlooked, their work as professionals even discounted in certain quarters. Figured in the amount of public protection afforded by the work of these officials of the Government, both in the safeguarding of human health and in the prevention of losses from animal diseases, their services are’ probably of more value than those of any other class of employees, not excepting the veterinarians of the Army. And yet the fact remains that considering the class of service rendered, the ob- jectionable conditions under which they are compelled to labor (for manual labor is part of their duties) and long hours engaged they are the poorest paid class of employees on the pay roll of Uncle Sam. It is a matter of record that laymen, even women, are employed by the same Department at salaries much in excess of those paid these veterinarians, many of whom have served faithfully for a considerable number of years. This is no reason why the layman, or laywoman, should receive less, but additional reason why the veterinarian should receive more. Where the responsibility lies for this condition is not for the writer to know or say, but the fact that these employees are faithfully perform- ing their tasks under the present rate of compensation is a aie ee monument to their loyalty and frugality. Coming back to the main topic and the parsing of the subject, | the veterinarian of the future will necessarily be a sanitarian in addition to other qualifications. We are entering into a period of prophylaxis and theapplication of sanitary measures and formula in the prevention of diseases of animals as well as of the human family will be the chief factor in the protection of health. The eraduate of the future must be trained as an educator as well as ORGANOTHERAPY AND THERAPEUTIC TISSUE EXTRACTS 33 practitioner. He must be qualified to address public gatherings; he must have knowledge of types of sanitary buildings and their construction, drainage system, ete. Animal husbandry will be required as part of his veterinaary training, and what is more useful than a knowledge of scientific agriculture to make him popular in a farming community? A public able to judge the value of science will demand a truer system of diagnosis of ail- ments which will require laboratory tests in many eases. There- fore, the practitioner of future years will need to be qualified and equipped to make such tests. As immunization will constitute a large part of treatment, it will be to his advantage to make his own bacterins and vaccines, especially those of an autogenous character. This may seem like a fantastic figure I have described as a future veterinarian and some may think it too big a proportion to attain. Ours is a big profession, confined in the past within narrow limits. It must expand with the balance of world factors and as it appropriates its rightful functions in a sphere of science we must look to the individual member to assimilate the necessary knowledge to keep the veterinary problems and ethics - abreast of other professions engaged and concerned in making this habitation of man a better place in which to dwell. ORGANOTHERAPY AND THE CLASSIFICATION OF THERAPEUTIC TISSUE EXTRACTS.* R. A. ARCHIBALD, Oakland, California. Owing to the rapid and constantly growing interest in Organotherapy, or as it is sometimes called Opotherapy, the time seems opportune to submit for discussion a brief review of some of the known facts demonstrating the need of more study and investigation, not only in the laboratory but by clinicians, with a view of clearing up some of the problems and obscurities con- nected with this therapy. The need of further study is obvious when we realize that with few exceptions the therapeutic use of tissue extracts is more or less empirical and while the modern physician or veterinarian ie ae before the California State Veterinary Medical Association, June 34 R. A. ARCHIBALD is inclined to sidestep anything savoring of empiricism, yet there is sufficient data available both experimental and clinical to justify him to increased use of these agents until such a time as through the media of research and laboratory investigation more definite information is acquired. It is with this incentive in mind we are prompted to do our bit toward stimulating the study of this most interesting subject. We are also prompted at this time to endeavor to arrange the . various types of tissue extracts, and tentatively classify them in such a way that the clinician may become better acquainted with the physiological or chemical characteristics of these therapeutic agents and thus be guided as to their selection and the indications for their use. The old, time-worn theory that the nervous system was entirely responsible for functional activity is rapidly being supplanted and the nerves are gradually being relieved of the various re- sponsibilities that were formerly forced upon them. While it is not denied that the nerves do perform some mission in the control of metabolism, yet it is now definitely known that metabolistic changes are directly controlled by certain secretions, some of which have a direct influence upon the tissues in which they are formed and others which act indirectly as ‘‘ Hormones’’—that is to say, on tissues or organs far removed from their source. In emphasizing this statement we believe we can best serve our purpose by quoting from Harrower’s recent work on Practical Hormone Therapy, in which he lists a few of the known and un- known hormones, which probably constitute the active principle or principles of tissue extracts at present available. ‘“THE PRESENT List or KNOWN AND UNKNOWN HorMongEs.”’ ‘““By ‘Known hormones’ are intimated those principles the presence of which is presumed because of definite action caused by the organ producing them; they are not necessarily capable of isolation or even of standardization. The substances of known composition which may be regarded as playing the role of hormones are few in number—three or four at most—as follows: The carbon dioxide formed in the tissues, particularly in muscle during contraction. It seems agreed now that the carbon dioxide acts as the normal stimulus to the respiratory centre. When produced in the working muscles in such quantities as to raise perceptibly the carbon dioxide tension in the alveoli of the lungs and the blood of the pulmonary veins, the respiratory centre is excited to greater activity, and the excess above the normal contents is thereby removed. ORGANOTHERAPY AND THERAPEUTIC TISSUE EXTRACTS 35 The adrenalin of the adrenal glands, which in some way, directly or indirectly, makes possible the full functional activity of the involuntary musculature of the body. The hydrochloric acid produced in the stomach, which stim- ulates the formation of secretion in the duodenal epithelium. Possibly the iodothyrin of the thyroid gland with its dynam- ogenic effect upon the neuromuscular apparatus of the body. - In addition, there are a number of hormones of unknown composition which have been either proved or assumed to exist, and which are held responsible for certain well-known correla- tions of function.. The pancreatic secretin formed in the epithelium of the duodenum or jejunum, which stimulates the flow of pancreatic secretion. The gastric secretin formed in the pyloric mucous membrane, which gives rise to the chemical secretion of gastric juice. 3 A secretin formed in the duodenal epithelium, which stim- ulates the formation of intestinal juice in the following segments of the intestine. Unknown hormones of pancreatic origin, which determine the absorption activity of the intestinal epithelium. Vaso-dilator hormones formed in tissues in functional activity, and which have a specific effect upon the vessels of the function- ing organ. A vaso-constricting and diuretic hormone formed in the pos- terior lobe of the pituitary body. A hormone controlling the growth of the bones and connective tissues produced in the anterior lobe of the pituitary body. A hormone controlling the oxidation of sugar in the body and produced in the cells of the islands of Langerhans in the pancreas. A hormone produced in the thymus, which controls possibly in some way the development of the reproductive organs. A vaso-constricting hormone formed in the kidneys. A hormone in the salivary glands, which controls the flow of water from the blood-capillaries in the glands. A hormone produced in the fcetus in utero, which stimulates growth of the mammary glands. A hormone in the ovary, which controls the growth of the uterus and the processes of menstruation. A hormone in the ovary, which controls the implantation of the fertilized ovum and the growth of placental tissue. A hormone in the testis, which initiates the development of the secondary sexual characteristics in the male. Hormones of an indefinite number, produced in all the tissues and acting specifically upon the determinants in the gametes in such a way as to make possible the transmission of acquired characteristics. ns From the lox data it is apparently well established that the various functions of the body depend largely, if not entirely,, 36 R. A. ARCHIBALD upon certain substances or secretions, some stimulating and some inhibitory in character, whose sources are the so-called ductless glands or other tissues. It has been found upon study that some of these secretions are stimulating in character-producing or activating ferments, while others are inhibitory-producing or activating antiferments, one type serving to control the other within normal limits. In other words, one secretion furnishes the motive power which drives functional machinery, while the other type acts as a governor. It is obvious therefore that a certain balance of these seere- tions must be maintained or else the normal metabolistic order of things is upset and pathological changes result. If this be true, it should be the duty of every physician and veterinarian to aim to recognize a disorganized balance and to -endeavor to correct same by the judicious administration of a tissue extract containing as its active principle a hormone that will restore and subsequently maintain the normal equilibrium so essential to proper cellular function. | In the use of tissue extracts, however, it is suggested that great care be observed by the clinician, particularly in selection, as the constant use of some types of tissue extracts has a tendency to promote a lack of tone or a condition of laziness in the tissues or cells receiving artificial support. From a therapeutic standpoint let the use of cod liver oil be used to illustrate the practical benefit of hormone therapy. It is a well-known fact that cod liver oil is markedly efficient in the treatment of various pathological conditions, more especially tuberculosis and diseases of a similar type. A study of the reason for the therapeutic effect of cod liver oil reveals the fact that its benefits cannot be ascribed to its fat content, which is no more useful than fats from other sources, but its therapeutic value is undoubtedly proven to be vested in certain liver secretions of the liver of the cod which are contained in the oil. In fact, actual clinical experiments have demonstrated that when certain substances lecithide and hormone in character are isolated from cod liver oil, upon administration the same physi- ological benefits are derived as when the whole oil is used. By tissue extracts are meant extracts or solutions of the non- protein, soluble digestion products of normal tissues or organs, which if properly prepared produce definite anatomical changes or physiological changes or both in like organs or as hormones in organs of another fixed group. ORGANOTHERAPY AND THERAPEUTIC TISSUE EXTRACTS 37 The tissues or organs which serve as sources of these extracts ' may, with the active principles which they furnish, be divided into two mains groups: Furst, those organs or tissues containing an active principle with a chemically firmly fixed atomic balance, which makes it extremely difficult to upset the relations of the elements within the molecule by physical means such as heat; Second, others whose active principle or principles are chemically more loosely bound and hence more active. These substances are so constructed that certain physical influences, notably the appli- cation of heat, alter the internal relations of their elements, up- . setting the balance otherwise maintained by molecular attraction and permitting of rearrangement. Under these conditions there results a substance whose physiological characteristics have been -lost, even though it be chemically identical with the substance from which it arose. The first group—namely, those unaffected by heat—are chem- ical entities, which may be separated from the surrounding organic material and crystallized, and which have an action closely allied to the action of certain drugs, particularly the alkaloids. Under this head should be placed epinephrin, thyroid- in, and tethelin. The administration of these substances are fol- lowed by functional changes only. Members of this group are highly toxic in character and when given continuously or in single large dose are extremely poisonous and may even cause death. To the second group belong a class of substances whose use can in no way be compared with the use of drugs but which pro- duce changes more nearly paralleling normal physiological proc- esses, stimulating not only functional activity of a limited number of cells, but also cell reproduction, with a resulting increase in the number as well as the activity of the cells involved. Unlike the first-mentioned class of tissue extracts, they are not toxic and even when administered to normal individuals in large doses have no deleterious effects. To this class of extracts belong Leucocytic Extract, Lymph Gland Extract, Ovine Lymphoid Tissue Extract, Spleen Extract, Ovarian Extract and Testicular Extract, ete. The characteristics and therapeutic application of extracts of thyroid, pituitary and adrenal glands are well known and these products are extensively used by a majority of practicing physi- cians and veterinarians today. Much work has already been done in the study of group two, but there are undoubtedly many organs and tissues not yet 38 R. A. ARCHIBALD worked upon which contain substances of this class. It is highly _ probable that such organs as the thyroid, pituitary and adrenal glands contain, aside from the principles of known therapeutic value, members of this chemically unstable group, which are destroyed in the preparation of the more stable compounds. It is reasonable, therefore, and logical, to assume that the drastic methods resorted to in obtaining certain extractible sub- stances from tissues, such as boiling or chemical treatment and subsequent refinement may, and as we propose to show do, deprive the finshed products of many of their virtues. In evidence of the fact that excessive heat is somewhat detri- mental even to the more stable types of substances such as epine- phrin the following set of experiments may be cited: A number of bovine suprarenal capsules free from fat and surrounding foreign tissues were finely ground and the mass N diluted with four times its weight of — HCl, heated at 58°C for 50 one-half hour, iced for sixteen hours, incubated for eight hours at 37°C and finally filtered through paper. The filtrate was divided into two parts, the first remaining untreated, the second being boiled exactly two minutes, after which it was quickly cooled and filtered. The two solutions were then tested in graduate doses, ranging from 2 ce to 0.2 ce per Kilo on rabbits for their ability to produce glycosuria, which test is a fairly accurate measure of the potency of the extract, the physiological activity of which is inversely proportional to the dose and the length of time between its ad- ministration and the appearance of sugar, and directly propor- tional to the quantity of sugar excreted, all other factors being equal. The most active extract is, therefore, that extract which when given subcutaneously produces the most marked glycosuria with the smallest dose in the shortest time. In the entire series of experiments the extract which was not boiled produced the most marked glycosuria in the shortest time and with the smallest doses. The boiled extract in the maximum dose caused the excretion of about 0.7% of sugar excreted by an animal receiving the same dose of the unboiled portion in triple the time. The boiled extract is, therefore, less than 1/300 part as active as that made by the same process but at no time heated above 60°C, ea . Similar tests repeated at weekly intervals show that the ex- tract which was boiled loses its power to produce a glycosuria HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA 39 after two weeks, while the unboiled extract remains active after a year. : To summarize, then, the rationale of treatment with these substances which may be prepared by a proper digestion process, avoiding excessive heat is obvious when one considers the fact that their mission is to revitalize cells which have lost their normal vigor and are unable to produce their share of the sub- stances necessary for normal metabolism and are hence either themselves the cause of the pathological condition or are directly responsible for the lowered resistance of the individual which has made infection or toxemia possible. In the case of tissue extracts of group one, we simply admin- ister substances which are the products of cell activity, and which are necessary to the normal well-being of the individual, but which have no permanent effect and must, therefore, be given continuously in order to maintain the condition desired. On the contrary, with extracts of group two we are using a substance which brings to the cells a product which enables them to regain their lost balance and to resume their normal physiological func- tions. 7 HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA, ITS CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS.* Dr. H. JENSEN. The clinical diagnosis of this disease is many times exceed- ingly difficult and can be arrived at conclusively only by a labora- tory confirmation, which may necessitate the use of experimental animal inoculation. Hemorrhagic Septicemia, an infectious dis- ease, attended with a high mortality, attacks various species of animals, especially Cattle, Sheep and Swine. Young animals are more susceptible to the disease than older ones and those that are thin and poorly nourished are most liable to be affected. The disease is a pure septicemia or blood poisoning, and for this reason often runs d short course and the affected animals die suddenly. The sudden death and the high mortality, both of which are present in the beginning of the outbreak, are more or less confusing with Anthrax. * Presented at annual meeting of the State Veterinary Medical Association of Texas at College Station, July 29-30, 1918. ss 40 H. JENSEN In Hogs, the disease is known as ‘‘Swine Plague,’’ but I wish to state at this point that the true Swine Plague, which is caused by the organism Swiscepticus alone, is very rarely encountered in the field, but instead a disease which is commonly called Swine Plague but which is a mixed infection of swine. In swine this disease may become chronic and in such eases the affected animals gradually become weaker and thinner and may linger for several | weeks before death. Fowl Cholera represents the avian form of Hemorrhagic Septicemia and its attacks sometimes cause great losses; pigeons and geese are susceptible to Hemorrhagic Septicemia and usually results in death so quickly at the beginning of the outbreak that no forms of treatment have time to become effective. PECTORAL, OR PULMONARY, FORM. Symptoms. The period of incubation in natural infections is probably, in the majority of cases, from 6 hours to 8 days. At first there is a rapid rise in body temperature to over 104°F., accompanied by a quickened pulse, dullness, rough coat and muscular tremblings. The most characteristic symptoms observed in this form of the disease are acute pleuro-pneumonia, the animal standing immovable with arched back, a dry, painful cough and a colorless or reddish foamy discharge from the nose. One or both sides of the thorax may show a dullness over different areas with bronchial breathing and vesicular rales, or there may be a total absence of respiratory sound. The respiration is greatly accelerated and labored, rumination ceases, peristalsis of the . rumen and intestines is frequently suppressed. Constipation is followed by bloody diarrhcea, after which the weakened animal rapidly succumbs. ANATOMICAL CHANGES. In the pectoral form of this disease the lungs will be dark in color and much thickened, with collec- tions of blood serum in the meshes of the lung tissue, or they may be consolidated. The diaphragm, heart sae and heart will show numerous point and large hemorrhages. Occasionally we will find in conjunction with this form of the disease a hem- orrhagic condition of the large and small intestines. On section of affected portions of the lung we often find areas of red and gray hepatization, having the marbled appearance seen in con- tagious pleuro-pneumonia and when squeezed exudes a yellow serum. HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA 41 SUBCUTANEOUS FORM. Symptoms. In this form of the disease we have some cases _where the surface of the body feels alternately hot and cold while the muzzle is cold and dry. There is also cessation of the appe- tite, rumination and milk secretion, providing that the animal lives a sufficient period of time after infection to manifest the latter named symptom. Swellings will appear beneath the skin of the head, throat or dewlap. These enlargements are somewhat soft and pit on pressure. The tongue is often swollen and the animal drools and slobbers because of the irritation to its tongue and throat. Examination of the nostrils often reveals the pres- ence of many small hemorrhages just beneath the lining mem- brane, the eyes become swollen, highly inflamed and as a result tears flow down the cheek. Swellings of the legs or inflammatory enlargements of the different joints may be observed. The skin over the swollen parts of the body is very tense, warm and sensitive, respiration is difficult and the animal breathes heavily, especially when the enlarged swellings occur in the vicinity of the throat. Due to this swelling some animals die of asphyxia- tion. ANATOMICAL CHANGES. The characteristic lesions found in this form of the disease vary in the different individuals. All cases show some hemorrhagic areas in the subcutaneous tissue, though the number and size of these vary greatly. Some animals exhibit very few, while others, on removing the skin, present hemorrhagic areas or petechiz in large numbers and so extensive that a large fraction, possibly one-eighth, of the body surface appears to be in- volved. The large hemorrhages in the subeutaneous tissue appear to be of the composite type, which in some instances measure a number of centimeters in diameter, while in others a number of minute hemorrhages are placed closely together and may become partially coalesced. The subcutaneous swellings show the infiltra- tion of a sero-fibrinous exudate which is usually yellow in color but has been found to vary from this to a dark red. Gas does not appear in the subcutaneous tissue of animals dead of this disease except in those cases where extensive postmortem changes have taken place. The blood vessels of the subcutaneous connective tis- sue, in the acute cases, show an extensive engorgement, but in those cases where the animals have lived until emaciation has taken place there is no engorgement of the blood vessels.. The loca- tion of the superficial lesions varies in different animals. In most cases the parts about the shoulder are most affected, although a 42 H. JENSEN few animals show marked lesions in the gluteal and inguinal muscles. At first sight the muscle tissue in some cases appears to be much involved, while on a ,closer examination it usually — shows that some of the minute hemorrhages are in the muscle proper but that the larger are in the inter-muscular connective tissue. They are usually accompanied by a considerable quantity of yellowish or blood-stained serous exudate. The lymphatic glands are frequently, though not uniformly, enlarged. Those that are enlarged are cedematous or hem- orrhagic. The cervical and pre-scapular glands are most seriously affected. | CUTANEOUS FORM. Symptoms. The cutaneous form of this disease, which was at first called ‘‘ Mad Itch,’’ is quite rare and apparently has never been seen in some sections. This usually manifests itself by the animal rubbing, showing intense itching and nervousness. This itching is of such an intense character that large areas of skin will be entirely devoid of hair and rubbed to a raw sore. In all instances in which this disease occurs the fence posts, trees or any other objects which are accessible are covered with hair and blood as high up as the animal is able to reach. These animals usually die in from 12 to 72 hours. In this excitable stage many times it is difficult to differentiate this disease from Rabies or cerebral conditions, but upon blood examination typical bi-polar staining organisms will be found present. ANATOMICAL CHANGES. In a great many instances the typical diagnostic anatomical changes in this form of the disease are wanting, but usually there is found small petechial hemorrhages to be present in the subcutaneous tissues. The heart, which is quite constant, shows petechial hemorrhages both in the muscle and in the fat about the base:of the heart. There will also be found these same petechial hemorrhages scattered over the auri- _ eles, but for some unaccountable reason we do not get the hem- orrhages over the ventricles towards the apex, as is found in many instances in other forms of this disease. In examining the central nervous system it will be found that: hemorrhages occur in the coverings of the brain and of the spinal cord and also that the spinal fluid will be of a more or less red tinge, showing that there have been pathological changes taking place in these centers. HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA 43 ENTERIC FORM. Symptoms. There exists at times the intestinal form in which changes are chiefly found in the abdominal cavity. This form of the disease may appear after it has already developed in the lungs. The intestinal form is usually accompanied with symptoms of colic and with much straining. Instead of the usual dry, dark brown feces, a mushy and finally a thin fetid fluid, which is frequently mixed with fibrin and mucous flakes, as well as with blood, will be found, although there are many instances in which the feces will be apparently normal from the standpoint of con- sistency and color, but will show a small amount of blood streaks ; where, on the other hand, the mucous membrane of the intestine may be so badly inflamed that large portions of it will be expelled together with the feces, and the contents of the bowels in this condition may have the appearance of pure blood. The animals lose flesh very rapidly, the abdomen becomes tucked up and the eyes are quickly sunken; a staggering gait caused by the weak- ness of the patient is often noticed. The intestinal form of this disease is very rarely encountered in certain sections. In most cases the animals show severe in- volvement of the lungs and the symptoms of croupous pneumonia. ANATOMICAL CHANGES. The characteristic lesions of this form of the disease are generally most pronounced in the digestive tract. The stomach together with the large and small intestines will show hemorrhages both on the mucous and serous coverings. In some instances there will be found hemorrhages in the sub- mucous tissues of both the large and small intestines, and cases have been reported in which the hemorrhages apparently ex- tended from the surface of the serous coat to the inner surface of the mucous membrane. In the very severe forms of this dis- ease, and especially those which have lingered over a great period of time, the intestinal wall will be found, for quite some dis- tance, to be almost entirely devoid of the mucous lining. The contents of the intestines is usually thin or water-like and fetid. ~ In many instances clots of blood will be found mixed with this fluid contents, while, on the other hand, in the very acute form of the disease, the intestinal contents will be approximately nor- mal from the standpoint of consistency, but may be very dark in color, due usually to the decomposition of the extravasated blood. Hemorrhages will be found in the mesentery and also the peritoneal lining of the abdominal cavity. The lymphatic glands 44 H. JENSEN are usually highly congested or may also be hemorrhagic. The gastric surface of the diaphragm, in some instances, shows po- techial hemorrhages, although they are not constant. The kidneys are very seldom affected, but when changes in the kidneys have taken place they usually consist of pinpoint hemorrhages and are mostly confined to the cortical surface, though a few are found in the walls of the pelvis and the uterus. A disease has been described under the name of ‘‘Septie Pleuro-pneumonia of calves’’ which is a form of Hemorrhagic Septicemia and caused by the Bacillus bipolaris vitulisepticus. The symptoms shown by the affected calves are quite character- istic of Hemorrhagic Septicemia and the postmortem findings are also those found in that disease. HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA OF SHEEP. Symptoms. In Sheep, young animals which have just been weaned are more susceptible, the disease manifesting itself in an acute form. There is a high temperature, muscular tremblings, discharge from the eyes and nose and colicky pains. The dura- tion of the disease is usually very short, although it may become a chronic infection of the lungs with gradual emaciation of the animal. Sometimes the joints are involved, swelling of the knee joints being noticed in some eases. The duration of the disease is usually about that of Cattle, viz., from 6 hours to 8 days, a high temperature is manifest, quickened pulse and dullness. The disease usually manifests itself in a more purely septicemic form than it does in the other animals. ANATOMICAL CHANGES. In many instances the disease is of such an acute nature and the animals die so suddenly that the postmortem findings are wanting, but the changes which are usually present are petechial hemorrhages of the heart, lungs and spleen. The consolidation of the lungs may be encountered, but it is not a constant factor. The lymph glands will be highly congested and in many instances hemorrhagic, especially those in. the cervical region. HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA OF SWINE. Symptoms. In Swine, the disease sometimes manifests itself in a peracute form with the symptoms of general septicemia. Red spots may be noted on various parts of the body, especially around the ears and on the neck and rump. When affected with HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA 45 this form of the disease the animal usually dies within a few hours after the first symptoms appear. In acute Swine Plague the disease usually occurs as a necrotic pleuro-pneumonia. There is labored inspiration, dry, spasmodic cough, slimy discharge from the nose and sometimes a pure conjunctivitis, cyanotic membranes, constipation, followed by diarrhcea and the feces sometimes containing blood. In the acute form the animals usually become emaciated and die in from 1 to 2 weeks. Some- times the acute form develops into the chronic type, in which case the acute symptoms subside and the cough and pulmonary involvement continue for some length of time. Progressive ema- ciation occurs and a chronic inflammation of the joints may de- velop, resulting in the animal’s death in from 3 to 6 weeks’ time from exhaustion. ANATOMICAL CHANGES. The most constant lesions which are present are the small petechial hemorrhages found scattered over the surface of the lung, the heart, pleura, diaphragm and lymph glands of the various parts of the body. The lymph glands which usually show the more pronounced changes are those of the cervical region together with the mediastinal glands. There are - usually hemorrhagic areas present in the lungs; in some instances the entire lobe may be involved. On section these diseased por- tions may show either red or gray hepatization and in many in- stances large pockets of pus. The bronchi are filled with mucous exudate which is very stringy in consistency. The contents of the intestines may be approximately normal in consistency but show small quantities of blood. The mucous membrane in this form of the disease is somewhat thickened and hemorrhagic. In a great many instances there will be found ulcers which have penetrated through the mucous membrane down into the walls of the intestine, to the submucous tissues. The spleen is usually normal in size and consistency but will show some hemorrhages on its surface. In some instances it has been found that typical petechial hemorrhages appear in the kidneys, which will cause great confusion between this disease and that of Hog Cholera. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS. In CaTTuE. Because of the acute course, high fever and rapid termination in death from this disease in this species of animals, some difficulty may be experienced in distinguishing Anthrax, Blackleg, Malignant Gidema and Rabies, from Hemorrhagic Sep- 46 H. JENSEN ticemia. The oedematous swelling of the throat or neck may be present in both Anthrax and Hemorrhagic Septicemia, but the examination of the spleen will usually determine the cause of death, due to the fact that the spleen is usually normal in animals dead of Hemorrhagic Septicemia, and enlarged and softened spleen pulp in animals dead of Anthrax. Blackleg and Malignant Gidema may be detected usually by the formation of gas within the swellings upon the body and the bubbles thus developed will produce a crackling sound under pressure. This gas formation is wanting in the swellings of Hemorrhagic Septicemia, providing the animal has not been dead for a long period of time before autopsy and decomposition have taken place. There is also another factor in Blackleg which is very characteristic: discolored muscle and the typical rancid- butter odor of the diseased muscle and the juices of the same. In the cutaneous form of Hemorrhagic Septicemia and Rabies in cattle, the symptoms and duration of the disease are very similar but the finding of the hemorrhagic condition of the vari- ous organisms of the body and also the hemorrhages which usually exist in the coverings of the brain and spinal cord will differ- entiate this form of Hemorrhagic Septicemia from Rabies. | Hemorrhagic Septicemia of Swine, commonly called Swine Plague, appears in the form of pleuro-pneumonia. The symptoms of this condition may be confused with round worms in the lungs, which are identical with those of Hemorrhagic Septicemia, but the long course of the parasite disease should be taken as an indication that the pig is not affected with Hemorrhagic Septi- cemia. The writer does not feel that true Swine Plague or Hem- orrhagic Septicemia occurs very often in conditions in the field, but instead of a pure Hemorrhagic Septicemia we usually have _ present a mixed infection which consists of B. suwisepticus, Staphylococci, and B. coli communis. It has been stated many times that the Bacillus necrophorus plays a very important part in this disease, both in the pulmonary and the intestinal form, but I wish to take exception to these statements that this last named organism plays such an important part in this disease. This opinion is based upon the laboratory findings of a great number of specimens which have been recently. examined at our laboratories and also upon the results which have been obtained in the treatment of this disease. ANTHELMINTIC TREATMENT OF EQUINE STRONGYLIDOSIS 47 It is very difficult to differentiate between Swine Plague and Hog Cholera. The two diseases may exist at one time in the same animal and the postmortem findings in a great many instances will be found to be apparently the same, but a differentiating feature which should be noted in connection with these two dis- eases is, that in case the disease seems not to be of a very con- tagious nature and does not spread rapidly from one farm to an- larve of Strongylus vulgaris cause aneurisms of the great era. But, on the other hand, if it spreads very rapidly with a very high mortality, it is quite evident that you are dealing with Hog Cholera in these animals. After carefully considering all of the above conditions, dif- ferentiating between various diseases, it is advisable to collect specimens of both blood and diseased tissue, pack the same in ice and forward to a reliable laboratory for a confirmatory diag- nosis. THE ANTHELMINTIC TREATMENT OF EQUINE INTESTINAL STRONGYLIDOSIS. MAURICE C.. HALL, Ph.D., D.V.M., RoBERT H. WILSON, D.V.M., MEYER WIaqpor, M.A., Biological and Research Laboratories, Parke, Davis & Co., . Detroit, Michigan. Strongyles, including for the most part species of the genus Strongylus (Sclerostomum) and Cylicostomum (Trichonema, Cylicostomum, ‘‘Sclerostomum tetracanthum’’), are very com- mon parasites of the large intestine of the horse, and are regarded as rather serious parasites. The adult worms of the genus Strongylus are blood-suckers, as their red color indicates, and the habit of sucking blood produces here, as elsewhere, resultant anemic conditions and the associated lowering of vitality and of resistance to other injurious factors. The larval worms develop in various organs and tissues outside of the digestive tract and in the walls of the digestive tract, acting as foreign bodies and occasioning varying degrees of injury according to location. The larve of Strongylus vulgaris cause aneurisms of the great mesenteric artery, and later pass, as agamic adults, to the walls of the cecum, where they form small cysts or abscesses. The larve of Str. equinus usually occur in the liver, lungs and pan- 48 M. C. HALL, R. H. WILSON, M. WIGDOR ereas. The larve of Str. edentatus are especially apt to occur under the serous membranes, the peritoneum and pleura, but may occur almost anywhere. The larve of Cylicostomum occur in eysts in the walls of the large intestine. Verminous aneurisms are well known to veterinarians as the potential cause of sudden death by rupture, of intermittent lameness from embolism due to particles from the aneurism lodging in the blood vessels of the hind legs, and of verminous colic from embolism similarly ocea- sioned occurring in the blood supply of the large intestine. The symptoms resulting from infestation with these worms are diarrhoea, loss of appetite, emaciation, and anemia. Later the animal may show edema, joint infection, intermittent colic, or the other symptoms noted. The condition, like almost all worm diseases, is afebrile. The disease may prove fatal, become chronic as the result of injuries to tissues, or the animal may recover. The noted French authority, Railliet (1915), states that it is difficult to expel parasites from the large intestine by oral medi- cation in any host species, and this is the general view of para- sitologists and veterinarians. It is quite decidedly the prevailing view as regards the expulsion of strongyles from the horse. Here the worms are remote from the mouth and associated with large masses of undigested material in a way that makes dilution of the anthelmintic certain and contact with the worms theoretically difficult. Somewhat to our surprise, our experiments showed that these worms could be removed with great certainty and with a high degree of efficacy as regards the number removed compared with the total number present. Inasmuch as our findings in these experiments are completed by postmortem examination, these re- sults are dependable. Of course, occasionally failures must be expected, but strongyloidosis is more susceptible of successful treatment than has been thought. Our explanation of the high degree of efficacy obtained in the removal of worms from the cecum and colon of the horse is that it is due to the increase in the time factor, as regards period of exposure of the worm to the anthelmintic. Anthelmintic efficacy is a product of certain factors—the potency of the drug, the amount of the drug, the contact with the worms, and the period of contact with the worms. In a general way, an increase in any of these factors increases their product, which is the anthelmintic efficacy. Food and drugs pass rather rapidly from the stomach and through the small intestine of the horse, but they lie for ANTHELMINTIC TREATMENT OF EQUINE STRONGYLIDOSIS 49 comparatively long periods in the cecum and double colon. It seems entirely probable that the long period in which anthel- mintics may operate in the large intestine is responsible for the high efficacy they attain. In this connection it should be noted that food enters the cecum of the horse through one aperture and passes out through another, a condition not present in such animals as the chicken, dog, swine, sheep, cattle, etc. In the latter animals, it is theoretically possible, and, in the ease of the dog, entirely probable from the evidence of such anthelmintic experi- ments as those of Hall and Foster (1918), for drugs to pass the ileocolic or ileocecal valve to the colon without entering the cecum. This is not possible in the horse, so that drugs can be depended on to enter the cecum if they pass the ileocecal valve. The method used by us in our experiments was the one already published by one of us (Hall, 1917) in connection with a study of the action of carbon bisulphide on bots. One of us (Wilson) administered the drugs, supervised the feeding and fasting of the horses and the collection of the manure and made the general postmortem examination. The others made daily collections and identifications of the worms from the manure, collected and identified the worms present postmortem, and noted the condition of the digestive tract postmortem. Worms were only identified as far as their genus, it being out of the question to identify species of Cylicostomum Trichonema from manure in work of this sort and unnecessary to do this or identify. species of Strongylus in ascertaining efficacy. Our results do not indicate that any particular species shows any special resistance. The manure was examined daily, being picked apart slowly and care- fully. This is a slow and tedious task, but entirely feasible. A few Cylicostomum are doubtless overlooked, but the oversights antemortem and postmortem probably offset one another, leaving the ascertained percentage of anthelmintic efficacy substantially correct. Rubber gloves were worn to protect the hands, but the task of examining manure thus is not so unpleasant as might be imagined. On postmortem examination, the contents of the large intestine were examined in the same way, and the worms col- lected, counted and identified. Our work covered the efficacy of our drugs against other worms, as well as strongyles, and these findings are covered in the paper immediately following this. Railliet (1915) notes that Giles gave a pony thymol to remove Cylicostomum, using 3 doses of 15 grams each, which removed many worms. Subsequently he gave the same animal a lavage 50 M. C.. HALL, R. H. WILSON, M. WIGDOR with a watery emulsion of 45 grams of thymol dissolved in alcohol. This killed the worms and the horse. Railliet also notes that Theobald gave a horse thymol, 1 gram in the morning and 1 gram in the evening, the dose being dissolved in 30 grams of | alcohol. The next day he gave castor oil. Theobald claims that this killed strongyles, ascarids and pinworms, and even killed the encysted forms. Railliet further notes that Dorn and Boch- berg used atoxyl, the former injecting 3 grams in 100 grams of water at 37°C., and the latter injecting 0.2 to 1.5 grams in 1 percent saline solution intravenously and subcutaneously. Lene- veu (1915) recommends the use of carbon bisulphide in gelatine capsules, giving 2 to 5 grams, according to the size of the animal, every day for 5 days, and following this on the sixth day with a purgative, preferably magnesium sulphate. Conreur (1915) gives 1- to 2-year-old colts a hard soap bolus containing 6 gms. of thymol, a half a gram of santonin, and 6 gms. of aloes. One bolus is given every 2 to 4 days for a total of 3 or 4 doses. The dose is doubled for a 3-year-old. In our experiments, some of the common anthelminties which are given to horses for worms, usually for ascarids, were tested. These anthelmintics were iron sulphate, tartar emetic, and tur- pentine. In addition we tested oil of chenopodium, which has been recommended for worms in horses by Thum (1915) and by Woolridge (1916). Thum gives suckling foals 3 doses at 2-hour intervals for a total of 50 drops, followed 2 hours later by castor oil if desired, and gives 50 to 100 drops to colts which are weaned. He thinks it is much safer than tartar emetic. Woolridge gave a horse 1 dram of oil of cheopodium and 40 grains of thymol twice a day for a month and reports that the animal passed myriads of worms and became fat. The dosage used and recommended for the other drugs named varies considerably. Iron sulphate is given in doses of 1 ounce to the fasting animal, in 2- to 4-dram doses in a’ mash, twice a day for 7 days. Tartar emetic is given in doses of one ounce in aloes ball to the fasting animal, 2 to 4 drams in a mash twice a day for 5 days, ete. Turpentine is usually given in doses of 1 to 4 ounces in a half pint to a quart of linseed oil. Place (1915) says of turpentine: ‘‘One or two teaspoons of chloroform increases the effectiveness of the mixture and the risk.’ Our experiments were as follows: Horse No. 1640, a 14-year-old gelding weighing 1075 pounds, was given 2 drams of iron sulphate in a mash daily for 7 days. ANTHELMINTIC TREATMENT OF EQUINE STRONGYLIDOSIS 51 The third day of treatment the horse passed 2 Cylicostomum, the fourth day 1, and the sixth day 1, a total of 4 Cylicostomum. The horse was killed 10 days after the last treatment, the manure being examined during this period following treatment. On postmortem examination the animal had 288 Cylicostomum and 80 Strongylus. The treatment was 0 percent effective against Strongylus and much less than 1 percent effective against Cylicos- tomum; in other words, a failure. Horse No. 32, an 11-year-old gelding weighing 1250 pounds, was given 2 drams of tartar emetic in a mash daily for 5 days. The third day the horse passed 1 Cylicostomum, the fourth day 1, the first day after the last treatment 2, the third day 4 Cylicos- tomum and 1 Strongylus, the seventh day 1 Cylicostomum, and the twelfth day 1, a total of 10 Cylicostomum and 1 Strongylus. On postmortem the horse had 5474 Cylicostomum and 312 Strongylus. The treatment was therefore less than 1 percent effective against Cylicostomum and Strongylus; in other words, a failure. The small intestine showed numerous petechie and ecchymoses which were apparently due to the action of the drug. Horse No. 371, a 9-year-old gelding weighing 1050 pounds, was given 2 ounces of turpentine, followed immediately by a quart of linseed oil. The next day the horse passed 9 Strongylus and 56 Cylicostomum, the second day 50 Strongylus and 211 Cylicostomum, the third day 18 Strongylus and 3 Cylicostomum, the fourth day 3 Strongylus, the fifth day 22 Strongylus, the sixth day 3 Cylicostomum, a total of 102 Strongylus and 274 Cylicostomum. The seventh day the animal passed no worms and was killed. On postmortem examination the horse had 105 Strongylus in the cecum and 7 in the colon, a total of 112; no Cylicostomum was found. The treatment was therefore 100 percent effective against Cylicostomum and 48 percent effective against Strongylus, a very good showing. This horse had been fasted less than 24 hours, and it is possible that greater efficacy would have resulted from a longer period of fasting. Horse No. 1641, a 13-year-old mare weighing 1100 pounds, was given 8 mils of oil of chenopodium, followed immediately by a quart of linseed oil. The third day after treatment the horse passed 1 Cylicostomum, the fourth day 1 Cylicostomum, and the sixth day 1 Strongylus and 430 Cylicostomum. The treatment was therefore less than 1 percent effective against strongyles; in other words, a failure. This horse had been fasted less than 24 hours. 52 M. C. HALL, R. H. WILSON, M. WIGDOR Horse No. 89, an 11-year-old gelding weighing 1070 pounds, was given 10 mils of chenopodium, a somewhat larger dose than in the previous case, followed immediately by a quart of linseed oil. The second day the horse passed 5 Strongylus and 169 Cyli- costomum, and the third day 2 Cylicostomum. .The horse was killed the third day. On postmortem examination, 16 Cylicos- tomum were found dead and being passed out in the floating colon, making a total of 187 Cylicostomum to be eredited to the anthelmintic. There were still left 1545 Strongylus and 448 Cylicostomum. The treatment was therefore less than 1 percent effective against Strongylus and was 29 percent effective against Cylicostomum. The horse had been fasted less than 24 hours and was inadverently fed shortly before treatment. Horse No. 272, an 11-year-old gelding weighing 1150 pounds, was given 16 mils of chenopodium, double the dose given to No. 1641, followed immediately by a quart of linseed oil. The next day the horse passed 4 Strongylus and 17 Cylicostomum, the second day 7 Strongylus and 15 Cylicostomum, the third day 39 Strongylus and 70 Cylicostomum. The horse was killed on the fourth day and found to have 19 Strongylus. The treatment was therefore 100 percent effective against Cylicostomum and 76 percent effective against Strongylus. The horse was fasted less than 24 hours before treatment. Horse No. 273, an 11-year-old gelding weighing 1100 pounds, was given 18 mils of chenopodium, followed immediately by a quart of linseed oil. The next day the horse passed 64 Cylicos- tomum, the second day 293 Cylicostomum and 7 Strongylus, and the third day 64 Cylicostomum and 1 Strongylus, a total of 421 Cylicostomum and 8 Strongylus. On postmortem examination the horse had 7 Cylicostomum and 1 Strongylus in the floating colon, which should be credited to the efficacy of the anthelmintic. There were also 102 Strongylus and. 3195 Cylicostomum. The treatment was therefore 11 percent effective against Cylicos- tomum and less than 1 percent effective against Strongylus. The horse was fasted less than 24 hours before treatment. Horse No. 1033, a 6-year-old gelding weighing 1075 pounds, was given 16 mils of chenopodium, followed immediately by a quart of linseed oil, the horse having been fasted a full 24 hours before treatment. The next day the animal passed 1 Cylicos- tomum, the third day 30 Cylicostomum and 30 Strongylus, the fourth day 34 Cylicostomum and 49 Strongylus, and the fifth day 12 Cylicostomum and 8 Strongylus, a total of 77 Cylicos- ST) bee gic | ode RT ANTHELMINTIC TREATMENT OF EQUINE STRONGYLIDOSIS 53 tomum and 107 Strongylus. The animal was killed on the fifth day. On postmortem examination there were found 2 larval Cylicostomum that might have issued from a cyst in the esopha- geal mucosa after the treatment, and probably did do this. Re- garding them as having issued from their cysts after the passage of the anthelmintic, the treatment was 100 percent effective against Cylicostomum and Strongylus. Even regarding them as surviving the anthelmintic would make the treatment 97 percent effective against Cylicostomum. Horse No. 240, an 8-year-old gelding weighing 1100 pounds, was given 16 mils of oil of chenopodium followed 2 hours later by a quart of linseed oil. The next day the horse passed 352 Cylicos- tomum and 1 Strongylus, the second day 184 Cylicostomum and 26 Strongylus, the third day 4 Cylicostomum and 22 Strongylus, the fourth day 6 Strongylus, and the fifth day 2 Strongylus, a total of 540 Cylicostomum and 61 Strongylus. The horse was killed on the fifth day. On postmortem examination, 2 dead Strongylus were found in the floating colon and 3 dead Stron- gylus in the double colon, which worms mtst be regarded as killed by the anthelmintic. There were also 3 live Strongylus in the cecum. The treatment was therefore 100 percent effective against Cylicostomum and 96 percent effective against Strongylus. Horse No. 1031, an 8-year-old gelding weighing 1060 pounds, was given the iron sulphate treatment. The intention was to give doses of 4 grams of iron sulphate twice daily in a mash, for a period of 7 days, but as the horse refused to clean up this amount of medicated mash, the 14 doses were administered over a period of 12 days. The manure was only casually examined for Strongylus and Cylicostomum, being primarily examined for ascarids. The third day of the treatment the horse passed 1 Cylicostomum, the fifth day 2 Cylicostomum, a total of 3 Cylicos- tomum. Sixteen days after beginning treatment, the horse was given 3 doses of 6 mils of chenopodium at hour intervals, the last dose being followed an hour later by a quart of linseed oil. The horse was fasted over 24 hours. The day of treatment the horse passed 49 Cylicostomum, the following day 1024 Cylicostomum and 54 Strongylus, the second day 103 Cylicostomum and 11 Strongylus, the third day 30 Cylicostomum, the fourth day 35 Cylicostomum and 6 Strongylus, and the fifth day 1 Cylicos- tagmum and 5 Strongylus, a total of 1242 Cylicostomum and 76 Strongylus. The horse was killed on this fifth day and found to have 2 larval Cylicostomum, which we regard as having left their 54 M. C. HALL, R. H. WILSON; M. WIGDOR cysts in the intestinal mucosa after the anthelmintic had passed out, and 4 live Strongylus in addition to the 2 dead Strongylus passing out in the floating colon. The treatment was therefore 100 percent effective against Cylicostomum and 95 pereent ef- fective against Strongylus. From the foregoing experiments we may come to the following conclusions : Iron sulphate in the light dose used (2 drams in a mash daily for 7 days) was a failure, removing no Strongylus and less than 1 percent of the Cylicostomum present. Not too much may be concluded in regard to the value of larger doses, but in view of the fact that this treatment is not recommended for strongyles, it is likely that it is not of much value. This conclusion is sub- stantiated by the poor results obtained from the administration - of 7 ounces of iron sulphate over a period of 12 days in the case of Horse No. 1031. Tartar emetic in the light dose used (2 drams in a mash daily for 5 days) was a failure, removing less than 1 percent of the strongyles present. The evidence of severe irritation in the digestive tract postmortem inclines us to believe that this drug is not apt to prove of much value in this condition, as increased size of dose to secure greater efficacy would mean a degree of gastro-intestinal irritation that in our opinion should be avoided. Turpentine in a moderate dose (2 ounces in a quart of linseed’ oil) was a rather effective remedy in the one test made, removing all of the Cylicostomum and 48 per cent of the Strongylus. Oil of chenopodium was a failure in small doses with less than a 24-hour fast, failing to remove 1 percent of the strongyles present in a dose of 8 mils; it was less than 1 percent effective against Strongylus and only 29 percent effective against Cylicos- tomum in a dose of 10 mils. In larger doses, with less than a 24- hour fast before treatment, the findings are somewhat contra- dictory: a 16-mil dose was 100 percent effective against Cylicos- tomum and 76 percent effective against Strongylus, while an 18-mil dose was 11 percent effective against Cylicostomum and less than 1 percent effective against Strongylus. In these same larger doses, with fasts of at least 24 hours, the treatment is highly effective. In one case, where the chenopodium and linseed oil were given simultaneously, the treatment was apparently 100 percent effective against strongyles; in another case, where the linseed oil was given 2 hours after the chenopodium, the treat- ment was 100 percent effective against Cylicostomum and 96 SE a Siig RCE Nc I Cod tap 3, 28 Hay oy i MPa i AR si eas ity SR REP eee ENS ah i ARI if Soa Dap A panel coaches By A RE Si con eke er aeeioe ANTHELMINTIC TREATMENT OF EQUINE STRONGYLIDOSIS 55 percent effective against strongyles; in another case, where the the chenopodium was given in divided doses followed by linseed oil an hour after the last dose, the treatment was 100 percent effective against Cylicostomum and 95 percent effective against Strongylus. SUMMARY. Contrary to what has been supposed, the removal of strongyles from the large intestine of the horse presents no great difficulties. The remedy of choice is oil of chenopodium, which displays an efficacy of 95 to 100 percent when given to horses fasted 36 hours and given in doses of 16 to 18 mils, in one dose or in divided doses, accompanied by a quart or a liter of linseed oil or followed one or two hours later by this amount of linseed oil. The small worms, Cylicostomum, are more readily removed than the large, red palisade worms, Strongylus, probably due to the fact that Stron- gylus attaches to the mucosa and Cylicostomum does not. Tur- pentine appears to be the second choice of the remedies tested. In the doses used, iron sulphate and tartar emetic gave very poor results and promised little of value in the treatment of strongyli- dosis. BIBLIOGRAPHY. Conreur, Charles. 1915. Arch. Brazil Med., v. 5 (8), Aug., pp. 323-348, Hall, Maurice C. 1917. Jour. A. V. M.A.,n.s., v. 5 (2), Novw., pp. 177-184. : Hall, Maurice C., and Winthrop D. Foster. 1918. Jour. Agric. Research, v. 12 (7), Feb. 18, pp. 397-447,.1 fig. Leneveu, G. 1915. Rev. gen. d. méd. vét., Toulouse, v. 24 (288), Dec. 15, pp. 593-612. Place. 1915. Jour. Agric. 8. Afric., Mii Railliet, A. 1915. Rec. d. méd. véet., Par., v. 19 (15), Aug. 15, pp. 490-513. Thum, H. 1915. Zeits. f. Tiermed., n. f., v. 81 ia 12), DP 508-528. Woolridge, Prof. 1916. Vet. News, v. 13 (638), Mar. 25, pp. 125-126. SOME NOTES ON THE TREATMENT OF EQUINE ASCARIASIS AND OXYURIASIS. MaAuvRIcE C. Haun, Ph.D., D.V.M., ROBERT H. WILSON, D.V.M., MEYER WIqpor, M.A., Biological and Research Laboratories, Parke, Davis & Co., Detroit, Michigan. \ In the foregoing paper the writers have shown that equine intestinal strongylidosis, contrary to what might be supposed, is a disease readily amenable to treatment so far as the removal of the adult worms from the intestine is concerned. In this paper we can confirm the idea that equine oxyuriasis is readily amenable to anthelmintic treatment, as has been stated by such authorities as Railliet, and the idea that equine ascariasis is not readily amenable to anthelmintic treatment by therapeutic doses of safe anthelmintics of which we are at present aware, as Neveu-Lemaire has noted. In the series of 10 horses used in the anthelmintic investiga- tions reported in our foregoing paper, 7 had infestations with Oxyuris equ. The anthelmintic treatments given (for which, see the paper referred to) removed 100 percent of the pinworms present from 5 of the 7 horses, as follows: Horse No. 240, 2 worms ; Horse No. 1031, 1 worm; Horse No. 1033, 1 worm; Horse No. 32, 1 worm; Horse No. 371, 34 worms. Treatments failed entirely to remove worms and left worms present as follows: Horse No. 273, 2 worms; Horse No. 1640, 3 worms. Reference to the foregoing paper shows that 18 mils of oil of chenopodium, followed immediately by a quart of linseed oil, in the case of an animal that had fasted less than 24 hours, was a failure, and that 2 drams of iron sulphate in the feed daily for 7 days was a failure. It may be noted also that the administration of 7 ounces of iron sulphate over a period of 12 days to Horse No. 1031, previous to the administration of the chenopodium, was also a failure. On the other hand, the treatments with adequate doses of oil of chenopodium, 16-18 mils, to animals fasted over 24 hours, with 2-ounce doses of turpentine, and with daily administration of 2 drams of tartar emetic in the feed for 5 days, were entirely successful. NOTES ON TREATMENT OF EQUINE ASCARIASIS AND OXYURIASIS 57 Of the same 10 horses, 8 had ascarids, Ascaris equorum. The anthelmintic treatments given were entire failures in the case of 4 of the 8 horses and left worms present as follows: Horse No. 89, 30 worms; Horse No. 371, 15 worms; Horse No. 272, 1 worm; Horse No. 1641, 4 worms. The treatment removed 3 percent of the worms from Horse No. 1033, removing 7 and leaving 214; 8 percent from Horse No. 32, removing 1 and leaving 11; 12 percent from Horse No. 273, removing 2 and leaving 14; and 25 percent from Horse No. 1031, removing 1 and leaving 3. The foregoing results are not of themselves especially encour- aging, but they constitute a guide for further work and consider- ing the lack of dependable experimental work in this field they cannot be regarded as discouraging. Equally unsatisfactory re- sults in initial experiments are very commonly followed by en- tirely satisfactory results, and it is worth while to know what methods will not prove profitable. Modifications in the size of dose or mode of administration of some of the drugs noted may give much higher values for the drugs used. At present we can only state that additional experimental work is necessary before we can feel that we have a dependable anthelmintic for the re- moval of ascarids from horses. CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION ASKS FOR TYPE- WRITERS AND STENOGRAPHERS TO HELP WIN THE WAR. The United States Civil Service Commission requests our assistance in the campaign to recruit a sufficient number of stenographers and typists, both women and men, to meet the great demand of the Government offices in Washington, D. C. Those who have not the required training are encouraged to undergo instruction at once. Tests are given in 550 cities every Tuesday. Full information and application blanks may be ob- tained from the Secretary of the Local Board of Civil Service Examiners at the postoffice or custom-house in any important city. This is a ‘‘win-the-war’’ measure. CLINICAL AND CASE REPORTS. “Knowledge is born in laboratories and in the experience of the thought- ful. It develops form in the journals, and ‘when dead it is decently buried in books’.” MYCOTIC CEREBRO-SPINAL MENINGITIS PREVALENT IN THE SOUTH. E. PEGRAM FLOWER, D.V.S., Secretary and Executive Officer, Louisiana State Live Stock Sanitary Board. Due to peculiar climatic conditions, which are responsible at this time for the toxicity of mould, or fungus, on vegetation throughout pastures, there are in some five or six southwestern parishes of the state extensive outbreaks of Mycotic Cerebro Spinal Meningitis, affecting mules and horses. Investigations from this office and reports from deputy veter. inarians indicate that the condition is diffuse over wide areas and that the mortality is high. Preventive measures, consisting main- ly in the removal of all animals to dry lots or barns, and feeding of well-cured grain, in addition to pure, uncontaminated water, is curtailing outbreaks where such advice is being adopted. A PECULIAR DISEASE OF SHEEP. Dr. R. R. Dykstra, Manhattan, Kansas, reports the prevalence, in the State of Kansas during the summer, of a peculiar disease of sheep, which, so far as he has been able to observe, corresponds in every respect to a condition described as ‘‘ Big Head in Sheep’’: in a circular issued by the United States Department of Agri- culture, May 4, 1914, a. bulletin on the subject having been writ- ten by Dr. H. J. Frederick of the Utah Experiment Station. The Veterinary Department of the Kansas State Agricultural College has conducted some minor investigations, but up to re- cently nothing new has been discovered outside of the informa- tion in the Bureau of Animal Industry circular. The disease has become so prevalent in Kansas that, at the instigation of Dr. Dykstra, the College Publicity Department has sent out informa- CLINICAL AND CASE REPORTS 59 tion regarding it similar to that contained in the following short article: : BIG HEAD IN SHEEP. This is a peculiar ailment affecting lambs in particular, though older sheep are occasionally affected. The first noticeable symptoms of the disease are that the animal throws its head up in a peculiar jerking manner and tries to rub or scratch it. The animal sometimes runs into other sheep and objects in its path on account of the fact that the eyesight is affected. In a very short time the ears become of a reddish color and greatly en- larged. At the same time the face becomes swollen and little drops of serum of a light yellow color make their appearance on the swollen parts. The animal is always feverish. The fore- going symptoms may develop into severe forms of the disease in from thirty minutes’ to one hour’s time. In very severe cases the tongue may become swollen so that the mouth is completely filled. This causes difficult breathing so that the animal will struggle, become exhausted, and soon die. The symptoms are not so intense in all cases, so that there are occasionally spontaneous recoveries. This disease has been observed by sheep men for upwards of thirty years in Utah and the surrounding states, causing great loss in those sections: It is spoken of by sheep men as ‘“‘LBig Head.’’ It has not been previously observed in the plains states. The cause of the condition is not known, though it seems that climatic conditions have something to do with its appearance. It is quite readily treated if affected sheep are held immediately after they show the first symptoms. Absolute rest and protection from the direct sun light is followed by recovery in from eight to twenty hours, the animals appearing as well as ever. In addition, it is a good plan if the swollen parts of the head are annointed with vaseline or olive oil. HOGS AND THE TENT CATERPILLAR. The following interesting report is from Dr. F. M. Hayes, University Farm, Davis, California: In June, 1918, the writer was called to investigate a disease in hogs suspected by the owners to be hog cholera. The true . cause and effects were found to be so unusual that they may be worthy of publication and of interest to the readers of the Journal. 60 _ CLINICAL AND CASE REPORTS The condition was reported on two ranches in a small valley of 25 square miles. The foot hills were thickly covered with oak trees and dry grass. The hogs ranged from the edge of the valley floor to a considerable distance up the hills. On those ranches reporting trouble about thirty hogs had died within two weeks, while the remainder of the two herds of forty-seven and thirty- five, respectively, were showing some symptoms of disorder. The condition had been variously diagnosed by the residents as ‘‘noisoning from dead ground squirrels,’’ ‘‘change of feed from range : barley,’’ ‘‘fungi growing in the stomach,’’ ‘‘hog cholera,’’ ete. The most prominent symptom noted was the dotecutiea of long strings of feces. This was accompanied by severe straining, which resulted, in many cases, in leaving a trail of several inches of feces still attached to the hog. All of the hogs looked gaunt, but most of them were on feed: The owners had a short time before corralled the hogs and were feeding soaked barley. Fever was not a constant symptom, but was found in hog later upon autopsy. A pig showing symptoms of abdominal distress and i moribund was selected for an autopsy. A well-defined volvulus of the small intestine was at once noted. A considerable length of this bowel was swollen, the walls and lumen containing a quantity of extravasated blood. The peritoneal cavity contained an excess of fluid. Other lesions were not important. Upon opening the digestive tract from the stomach to the anus an undigested mass was removed in one continuous string intact. A dissection of this material showed it to be largely composed of a fine, wool-like fiber enmeshing bits of grass, barley hulls and small fragments of a dark brown material. The wool-like fibers on being separated appeared finer than wool, and suggested some woolly plant or silk. The owners had held autopsies on a few of the dead hogs and from their description it seems probable that the exciting causes of death in most instances were invaginations and twists of the bowel. We should expect such pathological changes from the nature of the cause. It was evident by this time that the etiological factor must be sought in the feeding conditions. An examination of the range was begun. The first object of a suspicious nature observed was a cocoon of the tent caterpillar attached to a plant near the ground. The individual fibers of the cocoon were identical, as far as the eye could observe, with the individual fibers of the ’ Photo from Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Dept. of Agr. Tent Caterpillar and Uncovered Pupa. F. M. HAYES Tent Caterpillar Cocoons Attached to Oak Leaves. F.".M. HAYES Indigestible mass of cocoon silk and pup, grass and barley taken from a pig’s stomach. B. End extending through the pylorus. F. M. HAYES Over three feet of adherent intestinal contents. The cocoon silk fibres matted so that the contents of the stomach, small and large intestines made one long, continuous rope. Note (A) ileocecal valve contour. a “eke pioter CLINICAL AND CASE REPORTS 61 intestinal mass. A further search disclosed hundreds of these cocoons on plants along ravines and on the leaves of the oak trees. Some of the oaks were practically denuded of leaves by the tent caterpillars, many of which were still to be seen. This evidence resulted in the owner of the hogs stating that the cater- pillars had not been so numerous in his ten years of residence there. - To complete the evidence against the tent caterpillar cocoon, ‘a number were collected. A few were thrown in front of a healthy looking shoat. They were consumed with avidity. The experi- ment was repeated on others, with the same result. cis sss ce beeches 10.00 2, Check returned, Birmingham, Ala.................. 5.00 i, Sareem. tetutned, Deflanee, fy. 665% 5 ub bes oc dace ss 5.00 2, Acumen. SOLUTE. COROR Foo. wuss aioe s Bis 6 aE We ek 5.00 3, bos 08k owe 22.51 18, Dr. L. E. Day, expense and salary for Secretary’s UI SEO oe hed a Vues bie 4 ek ooo a oa Wee Ob aes 202.76 18, W. Horace Hoskins, expense as member of Com- TULGO ON LORS ETO is bb a cere 66.5) o nek oe eee Eke 106.16 18, W. Horace Hoskins, expense incurred as Chairman of Salmon Memorial Committee................. 12.97 12, Canadian collection, June 6-June 17, Canada........ 22 25, Check returned, Mt. Vernon, Iowa................ 10.00 6; Check. retirned,: N@wo Loerie. 100. 0655's 6 ons ws owe cee 10.00 Oo; SADACIAN “CONGCCTION SURG Oc iiss Wie o's Cane cise oarauy pe sb $5,416.95 JOURNAL FUND. RECEIPTS. 8, Balance si... son eesveaes PURSSC Eee heb ane Fee a 6s - $1,774.52 13, Depot from. Ta Mic meee spc 5 6 bk wars ok «nik 'n ie oie soe oe 918.50 &. Deposit Trim Tn! Fy eee 5 os sb e'c bik ck Weg des sin sw sles 394.50 4, Deposit from: 1, Aa Beeeeatees 6 bas cs bos kk ce ns ho ee 198.00 4, Deposit from Ts A. Uae ss oss wink bp bn Wek 6 ae vin 'ue'e 158.55 4, Deposit from is. A. eee, ons ck ec vba aces e's keke 854.50 4,: Deposit ‘trom I. Ay Meeraaes «aes rea keer weeks 176.50 De ME Re ee ee a ee AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 177 September September September October October November November November December 1918 January February February March March March April April May May June June June May July July ‘July July August August 1917 August August _ August August September September September September September October October October October 8, Deposit from P. A. Fish... 1... 2s cece cece ee eeees 290.76 13, Deposit from L. A. Merillat........... eee ee ee ee ees 206.00 22, Deposit from L. A. Merillat.......-..-- eee eee eeees 129.00 6, Deposit from P. A. Fish, receipts from Journal...... 469.48 11, Deposit from L, A. Merillat..........--.-- es eeeeeee 249.50 5. Penosic trom: Po A. Fishy. +22: < srs Sap waa a eee wieie econ ours 414.98 £9. Depa trom Dr. Day’ ss)... 6.3: becca sie eels win tee es 6 266i 318.00 Ba. SCOR STORR DODE. 6 5 o:c0 20a « oot ab aiptatae dea re iho wlele eam * lee 6)’ 27.88 RE, EE og hh i oe kas 5 cig aaa SARE Vidcat sae 368.06 Ds PS GRR REESE. 6 W.Cds bcc be REE See Re ee ee 637.84 BD Nn ot sits gs ein bb ce. vols» (9 eg BN ohana lach mie eae SAN ae er Sp 293.50 Bs ETE Poe esa he oo o's Cale ain Wig diese Reap ee a oehar a ete 582.85 Mg MRE ooh cake xg We Weo ean eg S's oie Gietale horus mate arerele igre ms 425.14 venti” EELS i he atime ay pane ermOST eS, “Arana pee sta Te Rs, rs - 790.50 PEE NE oa oy ae eb 6k hie e aie eo ae he eee ee eh eo telae . 310.00 WBE NOE ooo an la bis ace Siticaue.e, n-ne Bio igsmsni aie od wise A bi ew see 688.28 Dae es eo gin bie slo sccgeior ete Sinboe et Maa Po ate oe 192.00 rE RE ee ets ad ny clk be ale EE Ummm alee 6 eR eee e 533.59 1 ARE So 7 oR apa i Yee ea ne cep PE Re Seema yoke or parry aa 296.00 Be ee Ea ahs os Seley Ss sg sew a Re kOe a here hie eae 109.00 i RIN kat at a atid! Sid dg io a one ely Vole ienenu Sew a a a ws ai le 485.91 EG SEO sc Sas fa sic st AKiae oO uate es te Danes 122.50 Dy Et UTE Ie a 6) 6 6k ne: biwiealuckis V pies Ds sees a ee eee 45.52 Ae EMM et ais se os bere ARs 0 0 45kys dye aE oie Bi eS 347.50 i BPE ike sibs Wd Mae Rs 08.05. cb os 2 tse Am aa Cee ens 298.71 Bi ROC hi kg oe Os a ots ns 0 abe aded be Sie ome as ees 407.50 De ae Fig ok oie Ain oom & diminje-6 oS pee ee Se hs ee 507.00 iy RE ONNE SS lola ou ade aM LS Lia ake a's, ships shocedle: «Mane sein ek seis 391.76 Be Ne Go ee ea i a an aie Tea 1,002.50 RMI OE gi et ah 3 etc Gis. us aid dak Sobtwiw baie MLS RE Le oe OE $15,417.33 ROU CANE aa epee ao ae ae) eee ea an 11,058.23 BU aia iicia hil stdin > + 440s bbe ak RS eae eae $4,359.10 Add checks not cashed: ee ee as ss «9k huh he REG Re $125.00 Pe as PP dacs ob aio o, 6.0 5 Acta Rceie einen eee 60.00 INGE 5D 05 DHOR CORD dipiks «tis ores kha aie See 568.53 753.53 Bank book balance August 8, 1918................ $5,112.63 EXPENDITURES. 8, A. P. Fish, saiary as assistant to Editor............ $50.00 oy 2. F, Ae, ehlery as Tahoe os oi ok cc ss 125.00 8, F. H. Schneider, expense in connection with office of PE a hoes ci cks's | CERES ye aaah ewes 20.83 15, Norton Printing Co., printing August Journal...... 590.18 tir. a re, Salary for AUMUnl: 6 55o ke ce cc ee 125.00 6, A. P. Fish, assistant in Editor’s office for August.... 60.00 6, Charles A. Bower, examination of books of Editor’s NC Shr a eile ans Oke CARER oy ha we wha c oleae oeee 10.00 6, F. H. Schneider, one-half office expense for August.. 20.83 20, Norton Printing Co., 3500 copies September Journal, reprints, bills and envelopes...............see0. 617.90 6, Dr. P. A. Fish, salary as Editor for September...... 125.00 6, A. P. Fish, salary as assistant to Editor, September. 60.00 6, F. H. Schneider, one-half office expense, September.. 20.83 11, Norton Printing Co., printing October number of Jour- nal, inserting, envelopes and miscellaneous printing 603.15 178 AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION November November November November December December December December December December 1918, January January January January January February February February February March March March March March April April April April May May May May June June June June June July July July August August August August 1917 August October October November HH oo 0 ’ bo bo aS en oy ch 290 2° Ie SF 7 Orr = ry - ee ee OT OT OT - 31, 6, 18, 3, Addressograph Co., addressograph, addresses and cab- TNEES ees Lei ieee wee wate ee el ee ee ia cee ee ee 227.35 Dr. P. A. Fish, ‘salary’ 10r Octonere soya yee ee 125.00 ‘Ao P. Fish, salary for OGtoner cs vue es: os eee ee tee 60.00 F. H. Schneider, one-half office expense for October.. 20.83 Norton Printing Co., printing November Journal, re- prints. and‘ masline se hits aee eee sew a eg eee aaa 476.81 A. P. Fish, clerical assistance in Editor’s office...... 60.00 Dr, P. A. Fish, salary as: Eiditor:of Journal. 2c fru... 125.00 F. H. Schneider, one-half office expense for November 20.83 Ithaca Realty Co., Bond No. 78309 for Editor...... 7.50 Norton Printing Co., December Journal, inserting for mat, L000 Bn veloped. cee PO Gare oa eee wes 660.49 F. H. Schneider, one-half expenses of office for De- GOTADOR eRe Stee are ah Ee rr aoe ae rma. al ocalG 20.83 P. A. Fish, December salary as Editor.............. 125.00 A. P. Fish, clerical assistance in Editor’s office.... 60.00 Jr. of Am. Vety. Med. Assn., payment of petty cash 358.24 Norton Printing Co., January, 1918, Journal and BUNOPIOS oe os Meats claus ves te Mi see ah SE 9 A Sea Na 444.98 F. H. Schneider, one-half expense Treasurer’s office. . 20.83 Dr SPA Mian: “SANURLTY BALALY «soils c ce eraisce ws Se te eels 125.00 A. P. Fish, clerical assistance, January............ 60.00 Norton Printing Co., 3600 copies, extra edition and PASTOR os) sc eee ea ee Tie ee a eke Coke thea ees 546.33 Norton Printing Co., February Journal............ 592.91 Po AS Wish“ Febroary: Salen cere ee es ee ieee 125.00 A. P. Fish, clerical assistance, February............ 60.00 F. H. Schneider, one-half expenses Treasurer’s office 20.83 Norton Printing :Co., “March: J OUrna ls 5 boss sy aia erates 518.24 PA RS IVER TOR: Set a a ae oars ae ele vooaldeuate toetc 125.00 A. P. Fish, clerical assistance, March......5....... 60.00 F. H. Schneider, one half exvense Treasurer’s office. 20.83 Norton ‘Printing Co., printing April Journal........ 567.74 OAS Ba SALT LOR APT E ccs esc A atibt a aoe he gil ore we le elas 125.00 A. P. Fish, salary for April as assistant to Editor.... 60.00 Dr. F. H. Schneider, one-half office expenses, April.. 20.83 Norton Printing Co., printing May Journal.......... 587.24 DT 2 IS BAIAEY LOK NLS ces se ei Cels oe ace 125.00 Ay Be Pash, -selary: TOP May os. ee caine > al cme eters 60.00 Dr. F. H. Schneider, one-half office expense for May.. 20.83 Dr. 2 A Fish, potty ier Cue os score ke ae rs bates 443.89 Norton Printing Co., printing June Journal.......... 570.96 Dr. F. H. Schneider, one-half office expense for June. 20.83 Dr Pi A, Bish, sa lavas une oan si is oe eck pee ee 125.00 Ay 2. Bish, salary fopaianec hoes clerk eb ae de ex 60.00 Dor, Ps AS Wish, (Sa bar are Rett ys oo ales cress cae pie eoene rare 125.00 Fee. DISD, SALTY LOR te ies ook corn a wisieank oop ob ave erate 60.00 F. H. Schneider, one-half office expense for July.... 20.83 Norton Printing Co., printing for July Journal...... 568.53 $11,058.23 FREDERICK H. SCHNEIDER, Treasurer. RELIEF FUND. RECEIPTS. (From Dr. T. E. Smith) BPO oa 5 ooo sian we ae a wk eT bs Sip INTE s elaack ue soho, hee $82.00 JOLIOSIE S555 5c os! 6 olete ate tee Ne Se NE Nee ace a wey) a 25.00 TReiOBte oo CS. OSES ES Sa re Path ste ts 6 hie 5 685.00 PIBPCBEG © i aoici ole cs ghat sig es Saeoeied 25.00 Dee IND LENOCSS. TE ITIOIS rg ok oka bic os he sc. Gh abi avaeas Os Gv rece cE ae 25.00 Ret, A eerere. Cincinnati, ONIO. . o.. . 6 isis s)s 360d «a idee eies 25.00 MA SER oc UE ey OE aoe Pa RS 8 ee ARN ge apap SER 10.00 ew. es. aeroneon, wyoming, Lowa... ....... ds «i Wes os oat 10.00 ieee. Si Anderson, Grand Island, Neb. .... 6 6063268 2 10.00 PME ese ESPN OIF WOOO, Lb 5 sie) ci ceo ow ecg eal ele elbta tb es he dig 10.00 Be OF PONE SUOCOT NOD aio 6.5 6 oo 0s oy 0s rsa wi CRRA EO aes 10.00 ee as: 2 sO UOT, INOD 6 oo cee owed dotiveed cots vbwhiee 5.00 Seats. 1s Oe La ANA CONG. MONE. 006s 6s Seas ha we eas 2 oe RS. 5.00 GaP tt MOPENSOM: AS COCK LONG «oo. cai a's rd oe ee ee be. Oe 10.00 eee Pe A RO PN o's sige noo gow a we EE OU ba ole wlan 10.00 Pei Cen Wy ashine@ton. Tan . os... is ec btve wb dln dv ebeblcwhis tet 10.00 See se. We ONT AMTy APCAGIG. NOD... 6 v4: 5 oc owe OO eek ow eae ee. De 5.00 oer wee Ser Mannattian, Kane. oi... cos. 6e ee. CDR. i. ©. 5.00 Re a ee ees OO, NOD. 5 ho ys ilk oR ee LOE 5.00 180 AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION | Dr. HH. Billian; “Manhattan, Kan... oc. sce ois cues ee es 5.00 Dr.:Brainard, Memphis) Mo’. oes sive corse vce eo hs ee ee ee eee 5.00 Edeutenant: Baney,. U. So ArmMy.. on oes ee ee eae ate 5.00 Dr: C.. . Mock, ‘Reyeate NeoYi neice ses cue sete eee tea cee 5.00 DrAi T. Kinsley, Kansas: City) Mo. oe ees a ee ee rt Wik ee 25.00 DrvA; UO. Smith, Parmer; Del ioc Cs es oe ee ba wn eee Se 25.00 American Vacinie Serum Company (W. J. Norris)................. 10.00 Messrs. Miller & Calldemier, Louisville, Ky................ 20200. 10.00 Dr... B. Freeman, Rockville; Iowa igs... wise eee FESR Oe Gere erie 5.00 Southern Illinois Veterinary Medical Association.................. 10.00 Dr. David. ‘W;, Cochran, : New York City ose isu aes os FOR eee 25.00 Dr. Hi. B.."Weber,: Rochester. Vis on Cl es ae we ee ee oes 25.00 Dr: ‘Li M.. Walter,’ Napoleonvilie, Tuas sor coos ea ee eet Bae 10.00 Dr. W:... Robertson; Portiang, Meine oe eer eee ices aye ly 10.00 Dr. MM. Freed: SUuaron,: Pas as sie Wie ae we Co ee 10.00 Dro Hy UO. Auger Bagley: ibe vasa ac oe ae ee Ree MOE See 10.00 Dr.A. U. Frence, Cheyenne, Wye. occs we ob kak chee a eek 5.00 Dd. TT; Bushing: Pearl River, i. 62 4 sac Wns ees cee k hsb aeee ees 5.00 Dr. La Me Newman: VOPR MNO oa. ae wa whistle tees Soles Sea ee aks 10.00 Dr. -Bmoch ‘Jewel, toe Cry,” Wie. was em tien Gas wes ve ee PERE hee 5.00 Dr. 0. Bi BROS Bcanuin., OMI sow ca cabo ea dc oe eee ee Oe eEn 10.00 or. Gud. Weems BOONE) LOWE 668 6 05s oo sk ok Oke eae eka 10.00 Dey UR, SOs soon a ht ee OR RO EREN ORS AER SOAR Ee OPER aG 25.00 I TRG Pas POT io Ss caw ee Bik be tore bees bas anata aS eis te a 25.00 RPL eS. Bh POPE as a nn'.0 00 Cae PASSA ed eae e a ee hie esa eee 10.00 DOT FR Pi EO i ioe. 6 in’ bn 6 in 6 Nee Se eS FF SEE we le ae Oe eR ene 25.00 Dic MO Oo FER ek bok Fd eceies so 8 O ahora aca ie le ei wig ae Uhre cas 5.00 Drilled, ANGQCHGG ss occ < Male bcs oso VUE oak BOE eo wee eee ss erate 25.00 Wine: & Berne ties eletes ss xc cca 4 Rule win oN ee eee lee alae eet. ee ergy 25.00 Dr: Ws Ge IBIRN SS WOT sos aids 6 oc cu aehe eee Pee Bah ose eee eee wae 25.00 Dr. M.-C. ainnemain, -Alpni Phi Fratemity: -o sivas sue ces swices sae 25.00 Dr. P. A. Fish, New York State Veterinary College, Ithaca, N. Y.... 25.00 Dr. James Robertson, Chicago Veterinary Society................-. 25.00 Dri As Be COOLS a aos kee Ra 8 cee a Seg eee lee aie PAC eete Sebnie Su elute ae 10.00 Dr, N,. REGU OI is ok ee crac e Wa Rie reais Fee bin be Blcleteines era irars 10.00 SP, ad. Fa MEGNGI re One we urs acca eae auie aa aie Gain ets Ria a eae 25.00 Dri Gi Bs Moe rs oan terre ak eig wearers ace ak ok wilotn ae GCM era lets anu wie ae 100.00 Ene McKInlip Veterinary Worse ss seins soins ce 8 40ers aes Was ee oleae WEN 100.00 Pr SoU. WR IOUS. oe tice ac a elare oe lke wasn gs wala bee hin ea ba Oh be Bios ee ween 50.00 PT 1 a AAS MEST AG so ae S asecatc ae eee ee el ave ete Tae a ewe a a ans ee OR ae 25.00 Mr Otto: Faust: oi eka epee cer a ae eee te ele Pa sae wae eae Kae arate 25.00 Drow. He Blattenburws ss aces co Rik os ee eS ae a oe hie awe G5 °S Wh Saag 25.00 Keystone Veterinary Medical Association...............cccceewces 25.00 Oklahoma State Veterinary Medical Association................... 25.00 ie U. J; MeKenney, Brookiyn, iN, “Soe ae a Sh so he vk hl ew Calera ~ 15.00 Pea: tomhaney, Bea Clit, Nuk. csi see ll oe ok alee @ rs eee 5.00 New: York County: Medical : Society: aici sss. A We ee as 25.00 BPs eR ids MATE T IN oo 5 ew snie'so sei 104 co 18 kw CURR EMD Ie FGA Naa a bau tg We sae Sola tart owl Sea eee 10.00 ROE OUT PATRON) 5 yp occ: sce se cei lave ese MiekeaR eNO Ea Lace lee Valeweh ete lemigerGhl ors aiabemeete 10.00 TT OPN ia is) oc ois lv 0 bw ns 3 doe Wwe Nes een dcb nh toes © Vigoa DW eta ie 25.00 FOE ERC ORT OY ose vsestacoiie ion wooo )aes pms ie die duke Relate erdete Pas y ti calk Nalco hla bate tere ate ay a dey 5.00 De-€;..G.:Glendenning, ‘CHnton, Tihs ekiinawelvietn sae Oe le oa emi ettrete 10.00 Dror. A. Downs; Kelloss;: TOWas ssc y se ee 3 8 oe tence ieee 10.00 Dr. Gi Eid. reach, Wyone, Mion... cia wwieia s » ses ahee b am bee eet a oes a, eke teres ban Dr ii Bes son, WinstGad, COnn . . ssa a cnt Gee re a erciake tote atk els IDES Sha (OOMLOT CEL OTULOrdy: \aOtith .s ase yy wis Wik po actra eee Ue ernie Ge ete Dr. Chas. Fi Beere, Waterbury, -COnMs orice sss cakes set es ee yeh Dr: Av tT :Gilyard, Waterbury, COMM cy io < tie oo ein era a wate we oe a Dr. E. M. Beckley, Meriden, ‘Conn........ BOs wes GGG & + DET Gee Ge Dr. G. T. Crowley, New Britain, Conn..... Ra ie grag Ww gece te wie ket alana Dr. CG. Chaney; New Haven, Conn. 25. vem fa. asic 0 cae CSO Gen es Dr; BR... Davis; -Stamiord:s (Conn esos o eke se igcicte a eee taeh eal os Dr. J. tas Deveraux, “Waterbury, CORDES ces a orca oe cs Secs S kas 5 Dr: 1. RK. Dimoéck, Merrow. Conn ois or tecaie tek es oe ian oie ocean eee Wik ease ave Dr: VoM. Knapp, Danbury, Com sia ice se he ak os es praela a Dro Badu... Laitenin; Lexar kana, Are ates eas baa eo pie ie es aes Dr... RD: Martin, “Bridsmeport,: Conwy sien ie gare wiccs' sks ss 0 wists eeerels eiate Sl Dr... B.C. Ross New Mavens COonmistseu, cone ot ce ek: beta eae S Dr. B....: Phornton, Canaan; Cons cae eee ea we ee wise etn eels 06 Dr. R. S. Todd, New Milford, Conn 26cu.s snes s ain Tp gies eeetas orate la he ai Mr: J. M. Whittlesey, Harttord,’ Comm 6.502% sas wea was oie aac ears ae eee ee ee eT ee ee ee Re ee ey es we en Ye ets AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION Connecticut Veterinary Medical Association. .........--..+2+ eee eee Tllinois State Veterinary Medical Association...................-- ee CAPO FC TOAE i el asian oo po ses ace 6.00: 6 8 0 de ae eo Riga d§ Bp nies Ba ks A ES TE ZT ger ieee aie oe Se eo vic ego kev 6 5) Sie ROMA Ble ale atereuatelen eis eens Central Canadian Veterinary Association, Prest Torrence.......... Novia Scotia Veterinary Association, A. Gill, Secretary............ DEENA ea Oe Ek Bee Nee ah eae sl Gs 0 Soe Mae EDD Set aio eta gan aie chy este: Wyead a2 e 1 82 eee aie ae st oe a at an ae ee rire gs Amb DA Ruri aoa NE TE NCR ERS or ce ie eee iatelelaidl'e ib i056 0 odo apie are dale wate alle erauapae Nore ota yee Gate eNE Ei coo a ge ok ee ar bys 4-4 oo '0. 01d ee wider oa ek wet Meh eee wee ais we ATE TOT SOE: hr eine Sia aha Shel Mla heres o's 0d eet Gio Gata ale area nS nine Apa Eerie Ae Ferrer eet eo sik ais a cw Fie) o's oie ds hath picnics wlale ys elmer NA A COT OCR eT ie aoe ein we es eS ee ee eee ee stee wc les TBE Gy Leven Nad Bhan 9 Obs 8 Ga 8 cose aa PS ear real a anes iy Ure Iowa Veterinary Medical Association, H. D. Bergman, Secretary.... Missouri -Valicy. Medical ASKOCIATION Wie. 088 ceric aw wie caceee ce ee tie Wisconsin State Veterinary Association. 5... eee ie Pie eis Wisconsin State Veterinary Medical Association, Subsenptunfin Milas Michigan State Veterinary Medical Association................... Ae Heer eta EN NREL Ed CEPR OPEN he Sg fia alla na ones a Sid ws, Suaiaice eiecale auaqmerboe oimieee of “Espcge 5 WSs eee gay id Var Bee GUS POSE ESE 1 Fa a a Re aN gre ara ele ee, ees. FRE Pa woe ss oes ec twee sues che wee es : U. Jay Miller (check credit Iuea Veterinary Association).......... Ceéeluado Veterinary Medical Association... 2... ccc eet cece vee Doathew Lier: Vererimary ABSGCwtlOn 2. oe ae ee Re ee we le ote D. E. Bchefold (Cermelal Veterinary Medical Association)........ OP RAR, SBE ST oo a 2 baatbanl Dir eer comes SN eae aie nomi may Nea onion oe Neely reg Caner aas ne yee Illinois Veterinary Medical Association : Oe Rie DP SCAR PLATA ELLY yea tur cla Gras Wa taiei ave. «. «(nib ececaruek Selle 458 © whacece ssh apes HUTIOEO: TatVO LOCK “COMO anY, 1 COTA, EME 6 oes. op Soe neo o's oe oe pie eth 60 els Be ed LOLOL Se OO LIES Ulisse Woes & oho oe Shee ows tie erale og kis ple lece ie oe ly wie ea eeet EOC OME 20) ONT TET Vk Pil, shane sc isla 36 va) axa tha BUS, 6 ow al a oe SO eC ie aya woke eee te WLS ROMCO UNE, Ec oe oes akc ecto ulaiscecs oe cei Be one tee eee Peas eI na PeN ele ETT ee so kk las ioelo we We obese Saeed ee ey at REE BOON i SEE heme calor g ugk tw. 5 anim aie tes Sine Siaeip ele Sale one 8 spalecs ee ey ae OSLO. MOMLICEIIO; Liter nies dcnisie eg be OC eienisie eis Oats eee es Per Ve ttre INTC ISO WEORIMOUTIE (EER. Son's a's wi ece 8 otis b eon es Mew ele ee ewes oy REE 9 OPN we IP eae BEAST En cl rege 3 LBS PSS A a ae Pea eR lems mec eae. Mere IN ye eas CEN as oe ee ers ee od Shee eisle oe: Sw lew Megha ite ee MOONS 1 PETE V AIO EN oa eo ee a ec lies Bee SOU hd Fe eed ee a EOOT GC, Hl sO RI TIS COE UE oo 4 So's foes ig. sai’ are oe ns wn Ke ete e Vie es ORT SOON Ogee Sha cis ticisiwre s Satara: Oia aoe o's 6 o obs CMa er so ees e eee eee ONG hee VV Ds PORIOAG ELD Soe eS acc fred a sp lalwietee Aw alee e Shale eae etd Dr. pr ORIRC: SURMO OOO SLES I die a visite ig aio + 6 alae ne’ scaly ws Wie 6 ere wee Dr. . Merriman, DCE UR ICRS AE W's cies 0s sipleies ala Oa We eee Dr. Ww. WVIREOCay APOE Roe re ei es So Vek Sa ees we ee eo lees Dr. PWV PON EL UC Ee Tal TRCO OREN TEED aig lacey sats vni es ooh s Uolgd a al ane oc ahvigrase eeeTs values Dr. Are UPC tt MON ae EN ce sill anlar ee nile eo 0 Ste ecurete a Sis ota ate ete ea ee Dr eV OF COE MOTI POC COT LGEs ORE ois <6 ob Sco Did Sobva pane wb Sia RL ew ae Dr. CHRIGEY OOOOH AIODES OLE alas ais dads oie oROe Bs cue es oe ein Oe Wr. Spee LU VOT ICAO, RTL o bigne's cots ac oo Betas eos hdvs le eles via erarees Me ec UNV TIPO ICAL O,) END s isc ee ew cc 3 oe a Se ees Ue ee sow wes RE ANNE BNR DE eis o vas 6 cela 3 Oh Mela be bonnets ee ee eo PE EVIOU), ETE ee oo oko s kg sd gw oc 8 a cs waa cele he eh oe eke . W. CAG AH Zoom ds Sie 5 Ay s Dr. NORE CIEE ee ec c's a 'Pak oh Re Se ee ee eel eeu es Dr. SOMO nGT PM ITINOUNT. (CEE ele cs. o's ic RRS as Bo ice cd araee re AAR COE os ok kk hk oo hee 0 cy Oe ea heen bees Ob Amun en NR MOP AEL VY EOIICIOE. TM ae. oe cg asi big eh ee eee Wa ee ees OU Rae MOOR SUMP ETB. Ch See cr sik cos nc oa oe dale beatae Wo Uw wh Bs ane a eee ee Wa, BAMEPOON AIP oo iiis Og cle kc kee eka eb 0 ck sues dies ee enna RTM SAC DN aso 6s big ee oh ee eee aoe ee eee ce ee Oy ey COS BNE ae hs cis cc cae c o's booms bale «oad add dk Ba muro peri Company, Aurora, Tl... 6... eka Ch eee ck lee nce 184 AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION Dr. Jas—Roberison; Chicaso.Ti os ao a ee re eee rere 5.00 Dr..3J 1, Mentooth,;: Bradtordy 2 3 ei iis oe cae te eee aes 5.00 Dr. ow. Ay Weldon; (Dwisnt):Tiic cee. oie aie adiete (ater arg alipesd sae 5.00 Dr. R. BW. Nesbitt; Clintons diss vieesae ape wee ee eae oe 5.00 Dr:. By L. Quitman, Chicago; Tilire sre swe ae er se ee ed 5.00 Dr... A. Manuel; Des: Plaines te ie ep en er whale wiv ne te oie 5.00 Dr. DP. L:: Travis; Vameel ies Diy ec gs ce es es ees nae sa ete 5.00 Dr. C. Ls. Passmore, FLOntley Tae eae aia) aaron winters ase hace ere unias 3.00 Dr... John: Beer, : Blue islan Gd. Tie cio Oa ea a OR ke 12.50 Dr... T.. Cv Tridbons, Chicago, Si ii tisisi wa hie cas ek ee weit we eke 12.50 Dr. W: Bh. Warnock, Alege ae eee iw se ai we alae ea oa ee eee ae 10.00 Note.—The above list has been reproduced just as it was received, along with other material, from the Philadelphia meeting. Any corrections as to omissions, etc., will have to be made later, if necessary.—Ed. REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON RESOLUTIONS. Whereas, in this great war so much is necessary of each in- dividual in order to render the earth safe for democracy, and Whereas, it is necessary for everyone to do everything he can whether in civil or military life, and Whereas, so many of our profession have already entered the Army and are rendering efficient service, Be it resolved, that we reiterate our pledge of aiding the Government in every possible way to bring about a successful termination of this world conflict and pledge our best efforts for the protection and conservation of our food and laboring animals, and Further be it resolved, that a copy of this resolution be sent to the Council of National Defense and to the Surgeon General. Whereas, a conservation of live stock is being recognized as one of the most important measures to a victorious conclusion of the war and also for the reconstruction of agriculture in the devastated countries of our Allies, and _. Whereas, the Bureau of Animal Industry, through its efficient and patriotic employees, is rendering inestimable services not only in providing the Army, Navy and the civil population with wholesome meat food, but also in creating proper provision for the future of our live stock industry, Be it resolved, that the American Veterinary Medical Asso- ciation, assembled in its annual convention, express its deep appreciation for the splendid accomplishments of the Bureau of Animal Industry, and Be it further resolved, that a copy of this resolution be for- warded to the Secretary of Agriculture and the Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry. AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 185 Whereas, all branches of our Government, the animal indus- try as well as our colleges and experiment stations, are in need of more well-trained veterinarians, and | Whereas, this Association is regarded as a medium of ex- pression by the veterinary profession of the United States and Canada on veterinary educational matters, therefore Be it resolved, that this Association approves the policy of the Surgeon General’s office and the Bureau of Animal Industry in regard to preliminary education and collegiate work. Whereas, the Saddle and Sirloin Club of Chicago has shown its appreciation of the importance of the veterinary profession to the animal industry, and — Whereas, this Club has seen fit to gon ten a gallery for paint- ings of our distinguished colleagues and leading members of this Association will be the first to be placed in this art gallery. - Be it resolved, that we hereby extend to the Saddle and Sirloin Club our appreciation of this honor to our profession, and Further be it resolved, that a copy of this resolution be sent to the Secretary of the Club. Whereas, we deem it for the best interest of the Association to keep all of its business matters in a form available for its members, Be it resolved, that any member of any regular or special committee of this Association who accepts any money or other contributions to be used in earrying on the work of the com- mittee, or who spends any money in addition to the funds appro- priated by the Association for the use of the committee, shall make a report of such transaction, stating the names of contribu- tors, the amount received from each, and submit for presentation at the annual meeting of the Association an itemized statement of all expenditures. Said report to be added to or incorporated in the report of the committee and included i in the printed pro- ceedings of the Association. - . Whereas, the success of the meeting of the American Veter- mary Medical Association depends to a large extent upon the efforts of the local committee, and Whereas, the meeting of 1918 has been so successful and the well-laid plans so carefully carried out, and 186 AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION Whereas, so many conveniences and highly pleasing events have been prepared for our entertainment, Be it resolved, that we extend to the local committee our earnest appreciation of their efforts to make this meeting so . highly successful and hereby extend our hearty thanks for their labors. C. P. Frrou, A. EICHHORN, C. H. STANGE, JOHN REICHEL, Chairman, Committee. REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON VETERINARY ANATOMICAL NOMENCLATURE. Mr. President, Members of the A. V. M. A.: Your committee has made but little progress during the year, due to a number of factors: 1. The lateness of organization of the committee. 2. The chairman could devote very little time to the work until the summer vacation. 3. The chairman of the committee has been unable to get the second list of terms covering the circulatory and nervous systems, the sense organs and the integument, from either the members of the committee or the officers of the Association. This list was submitted to the Seeretary in November, 1914 (see J1., A. V.M. A., N. S., Vol. 1, No. 5, page 636). The chairman has been unable to secure this second list from members of the com- mittee since his appointment on the committee in 1915. A second list is now being prepared, but could not be finished for this meeting. A history of the labors of the committee is appended for the information of those directly interested and we wish to give notice that the final report will be submitted at the next annual meeting, if our recommendations are adopted. We recommend : 1. That the committee be continued so that the work begun may be finished. 2. That the provision regarding the multigraphing of the report, which was adopted last year, remain in force. 3. That the history of the work of this committee be pub- lished with this report. | H. S. Murpuey, Chairman. S. SIsson. : I. E. Newsom. 8S. L. Srewarr. AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 187 History OF THE ATTEMPT TO STANDARDIZE VETERINARY ANATOMICAL NOMENCLATURE BY THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MeEpicAL ASSOCIATION. OY 1. In 1911 at the Detroit meeting of the A. V. M. A., Dr. I. E. Newsom of Fort Collins, Colorado, read a paper on ‘‘ Ana- tomical Nomenclature’’ (page 669, Proceedings of A. V. M. A., 1911), in which he drew attention to the chaotic condition exist- ing by the use of, at least, four systems in this country. Resolu- tion 7, page 684, of this Association provided that a committee of anatomists be appointed to formulate a nomenclature. This resolution was referred to the Executive Committee of the A. V. M. A. (pages 54 and 96). This was recommended to the Association by the Executive Committee and was adopted by the Association. During the next year this committee was appointed by Dr. Brenton, President of the A. V. M. A., as follows: S. Sisson, Chairman; I. E. Newsom, 8S. L. Stewart. The Association of Faculties and Examining Board appointed the same committee. 2. The report was first presented in 1912 (Proceedings A. V. M. A., pages 636 and 187). After considerable discussion by various members of the Association of Faculties and Examining Boards the committee’s report, covering the general principles governing revision (page 187), was adopted and recommended to the A. V. M. A. for its adoption (page 52). The report was received and committee continued. Indianapolis meeting of A. V. M. A. : 3. The committee made their second report to the A. V. M. A. at the New York meeting. This report was received, the terms submitted were published in the proceedings and a definite ap- propriation of $300 allowed the committee to continue its work. (A. V. M. A., Proceedings, 1913, pages 191-226.) 4. The next meeting was planned for New Orleans in De- cember, 1914, but was given up on account of the serious out- break of foot and mouth disease in this country. However, the remaining lists were submitted to the Association in November, 1914. (Proceedings, A. V. M. A., N.S., Vol. 1, page 636, No. 5.) 5. The next meeting was not held then until the Oakland meeting in 1915. Letter of transmittal and second list of terms noted in proceedings Jl. A. V. M. A., N. 8., Vol. 1, No. 5, page 636, “188 i AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 6. Personnel of committee, 1915-1916: 8S, Sisson, chairman ; H. S. Murphey, I. E. Newsom. Jl. A. V. M. A. N. S., Vol. 1, No. 5, page 516. This committee submitted a report dated June 1, 1916, which was lost, Dr. Newsom giving the report verbally. Ji, A: V. M. A., N.S. , Vol 8, No.4, page 40% tape Jl AN. M.A. N.‘S., Vol. 5, No. 2, page 229.) 1 Personnel of committee, 1916-1917: S. Sisson, chairman; H.S.:Murphey, I. E. Newsom, 8. L. Stewart, E. S. Brashier. Jl. A. V.M. A., N.S., Vol. 3, No. 7, page 936. The report is given ‘in JL.-A. V. M..A., N. S., Vol. 5; No. 2, page 229. Referred to ‘Executive Board, Jl. A. V. M. A.; N. S., Vol. 5, No. 5, page 503. ‘“‘The Executive Board recommends that the Secretary be in- structed to multigraph the report of the Committee on Anatom- ical Nomenclature for distribution pains: anatomists of the vet- -erinary colleges. Motion to approve and adopt; said recommendation duly made, seconded and ecarried.’’. Jl. A. V. M: A., N. S., Vol. 5, No. 5, page 539. 8. Personnel of committee, 1917-1918: H. 8S. Murphey, chairman; S. Sisson, I. E. Newsom, 8. L. Stewart. REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON LEGISLATION. During the past year your committee have been in constant touch with the situation at Washington as to the possibilities of the Lobeck bill. Not ever assured of its passage—but looking to possible aad: ments on the floor that would make it acceptable to Congress— the Department of Agriculture and so far as possible the better- ment of the condition of those in. the Bureau of Animal Industry whom it was destined to succor. The amendment to the judicial appropriation bill of a flat increase of one hundred and twenty dollars to all those who re- ceived less than twenty-five hundred dollars salary a year kept all bills intended to promote better compensation for groups of federal employees in abeyance: A favorable report from any committees to which such bills were assigned was always con- . tingent upon the action of Congress on the above amendment. -There was one notable exception to this—that of the postal em- ployees’ bill, which after many years of effort finally succeeded. During the past year the entrance salary of all veterinarians entering the Bureau service was raised from $1400 to $1500. " AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 189 The increase of one hundred and twenty dollars will not be applicable to those entering the service since June 30, 1917. I am informed that this may be provided for by increased appro- priations to the Bureau for the year. The Lobeck bill is still in the hands of re Committee on Agriculture, with little likelihood of its favorable recommenda- tion and less possibility of its becoming a law in the present attitude of those most directly connected with this legislation as law-makers. : Realizing that its failure would have a very serious affect on the organization of the B. A. I. employees, I have for more than two years pointed out to those veterinarians in this organization that as veterinarians they could work more effectively through the A. V. M. A. and knowing for almost a like period the constant efforts of the American Federation of Labor to have the Bureau employees’ organization become a division of that body, your committee have made untiring efforts to keep the veterinarians from this movement. The Secretary and legislative representa- tive of the Bureau organization, Dr. Walkley, who is also a - member of the Legislative Committee of the A. V. M. A., has worked unceasingly with me as chairman of the committee, and our efforts are best expressed in the fact that upwards of five hundred veterinarians of the B. A. I. join the A. V. M. A. at this meeting. Incident to this movement, they have organized many state and district organizations and will at this convention form them- selves into a national organization and from year to year meet in connection with the A. V. M. A. May I suggest to this Association that they be considered as a section of the A. V. M. A., the same as the Association of Facul- ties and Examining Boards, inasmuch.as membership in the national organization will demand and require their members to be members of the A. V.M. A.? Their deliberations and recommendations may be brought in concrete form to this Association, considered by your Executive Board and their recommendations submitted for action to the A. V. M. A. | . Their legislation to become a part of the: legislation advo- cated by this Association and the power and service of our more than three thousand members become an active force in their behalf. 190 AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION During the past year on two occasions efforts were made to transfer the Veterinary Corps back to the Quartermaster’s De- partment, probably to make the situation fit in with the present status of the army veterinarians now in France. At the first effort to change our position from the Surgeon General’s Depart- ment to the Quartermaster’s Department was an eleventh-hour amendment which on a point of order of Senator Kenyon was ruled out of order and lost. In the second instance it was contained in the army appro- priation bill, appearing there as an amendment, but we were assured by Chairman Dent of the House Military Committee that this was a clerical error in the reprinting of the bill and was not intended to be there. Its elimination in the final bill as it passed Congress leaves our status as established. . House Bill No. 9353, known as the Cary bill, to give us the relative rank of the Medical Corps, has not been acted upon by the House Military Committee. House Bill No. 8937, introduced by Congressman Dyer, amending the Act of June 3, 1916, known as the National Defense Bill, intending to establish the ratio of officers on a percentage basis of the total number of officers, including the Veterinary Corps, still remains in the hands of the House Military Com- mittee. The amendment to the agricultural appropriation bill of one hundred thousand dollars to reéstablish equine meat inspection, which was discontinued in 1904, was strongly urged by your committee, many local and state organizations joining us in ap- pealing for its passage. This was defeated by Mr. Hoover—objection on psychological grounds—fearing the inference of our enemies that we were driven to horse meat consumption for our sustenance. Since its defeat we have added another meatless day, which must reflect a like influence. The desirability of restoring equine meat inspection is still a pressing necessity, for the continued uncertainty of a steady supply and the limited choice that results from the single source of a city’s old or broken-down horses, operates equally to limit this food having a large and fixed place in the home markets and denies us the opportunity needed of adding to the greater short- age of animal food in the allied countries. W. Horace Hoskins, Chairman. OTHER ASSOCIATIONS : 191 OTHER ASSOCIATIONS. VERMONT VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. The semi-annual meeting of the Vermont Veterinary Medical Association was held at Hotel Barre, Barre, July 17 and 18, 1918. Meeting opened at 1:30 for a short business session. New Members—Dr. William Campbell, Dr. W. A. Hamilton, and Dr. K. W. Kennedy were elected to membership. Due to the kindly effort of Mr. E. S. Brigham, Commissioner of Agriculture and Live Stock of Vermont, it was made possible for us to have the following distinguished guests, who are not only prominent in their respective States in the conservation of live stock interests, but are widely known throughout the United States: Dr. V. A. Moore, Professor of Pathology, Bacteriology and Meat Inspection at New York State Veterinary College (Cornell University); Dr. Lester H. Howard, Chief of Cattle Bureau of Massachusetts; Mr. J. M. Whittlesey, Commissioner on Domestic Animals for the State of Connecticut; Dr. Andrew Felker, Live Stock Commissioner for the State of New Hamp- shire; Dr. A. J. De Fosset, of the Federal Bureau of Animal Industry, now located in Vermont, and engaged in supervising of testing and promoting interest in the accredited herd system in registered herds of cattle in this State. Dr. Moore gave a very interesting address on the prevention and control of contagious.diseases common to live stock; and I am sure that every one of our guests and members were inspired with many helpful thoughts in modern veterinary medicine, and I am hopeful that the many interesting features of the address will, in time to come, be thoroughly ruminated, and will aid us in times when we are puzzled to make a diagnosis. Dr. Howard followed Dr. Moore in giving a very interesting address on the control of animal diseases in Massachusetts, which was highly educational and of vital interest to every veterinarian. The morning of July 18 a clinic was held at the hospital of ‘Dr. O. E. Barr, and several of the major operations were per- formed; also a demonstration of the opthalmic tuberculin test was observed. The meeting adjourned at 3:30 p. m. The next meeting will be held in Burlington, January 99 and 23, 1919. GEO. STEPHENS, Secretary-Treasurer. 192 OTHER ASSOCIATIONS NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY VETERINARIANS. The first National Convention of this Association, held at the Bellevue Stratford Hotel, Philadelphia, Pa., August 19-21, 1918, in conjunction with the fifty-fifth annual session of the A. V. M. A., was democratic, harmonious and successful throughout, and all branches of the bureau service in which veterinarians are en- gaged were represented. j Dr. John R. Mohler, Chief of the Bureau, honored us with his presence at some of our sessions, and assured us of his per- sonal interest in our Association, expressing the hope that our efforts to secure recognition from Congress would be successful. Several of our officers and delegates interviewed Dr. U. G. Houck, Acting’ Assistant Chief of Bureau, at convention head- quarters on August 18 and 19, and he stated that he regarded the work of our Association as of the greatest importance, especially during this crisis when the Bureau forces are being depleted by the demands of war. The officers and delegates in attendance at the convention went away convinced that the Bureau officials are doing their ‘utmost to provide adequate compensation for the B. A. I. veteri- narians, and it is to Congress that we must appeal for definite salary schedules. We were very much gratified with the words of encourage- ment from officers and members of the A. V. M. A. and officers of the various State Veterinary Medical Societies and Live Stock Sanitary Boards. They congratulated us upon having a national organization of B. A. I. veterinarians, and offered to assist us in every possible way in our efforts. The A. V. M. A. appropriated $1,000.00 to be used by. their Committee on Legislation in promoting our Classification Bill in Congress (Dr. W. Horace Hoskins, of New York City, is chair- ‘man of that committee), and they have pledged us their moral support in this work. Additional funds will be needed in order that the work of the Committee on Legislation and Publicity of the N. A. of B. of A. I. V. may not be hampered, and we earnestly hope to provide further funds by enrolling each of the 1,600 Bureau veterinarians as active members of the N. A. of B. of A. 1, : . 3 _ The per capita tax for members of this Association, whether they enroll as members of State, divisional or district associa- OTHER ASSOCIATIONS 193 —_— tions or as members-at-large, is $3.00 per annum, or $1.50 pe term of six months. Our National Executive Committee respectfully urges upon all subordinate bodies of this Association the importance of main- taining reciprocal relations with the various Veterinary Medical © Societies and Live Stock Sanitary Boards in their respective districts, assuring those societies that the interests of this Asso- ciation are not self-centered and that we stand ready and willing at all times to co-operate with them in all matters looking to the advancement of the veterinary profession. Many B. A. I. veteri- narians are already active members of State Veterinary Medical Societies, and some are officers in those societies. Such affilia- tions will naturally facilitate the work: of this Association in en- lightening the members of the State Veterinary Societies regard- ing the Bureau work, andthe need of remedial legislation in the interest of Bureau veterinarians. S. J. WALKLEY, Secretary. To the Officers and Members: On behalf of the national officers dleeted. at the Philadelphia convention I desire to express to each of you their appreciation of your vote of confidence in them, and to pledge you their efforts to accomplish the fulfillment of our aims. The burden of responsibility for the success of our cause rests heavily upon the Legislative and Publicity Committee. It is expected that each member of the National Association will put forth his best effort in assisting this committee. There are three objectives before us for immediate attention, either of which might easily be considered first: (a) The enrollment of new members and organization of local, State or divisional associations affiliating with the Na- tional Association, until we secure as near 100% membership as is possible. We should endeavor to enroll another 750 members by January 1. This can easily be accomplished if every one does his part. In eases where associations cannot be formed, indi- vidual B. A. I. veterinarians may enroll as members-at-large through the office of our National Secretary, Dr. 8S. J. Walkley, 185 Northwestern Ave., Milwaukee, Wisconsin. _ (b) Each association should present some helpful suggestion to the Publicity Committee for their consideration, that a definite program may be announced by them in the very near future. I am sure this committee will appreciate assistance of this kind. 194 OTHER ASSOCIATIONS (c) Some plan should be worked out that will establish the status of Bureau veterinarians in relation to military service, that our stand in public opinion after the war may be established. _ We hope to be able to announce within another thirty days much progress toward the first proposition from Pittsburgh, Ohio and the West coast. The personnel of the Committee on Legislation and Publicity of our Association for the ensuing year, as appointed at the Philadelphia convention, is as follows: Dr. J. A. Kiernan, Chairman, Washington, D. C. (Tubercu- losis Eradication). Dr. Jas. Fleming, Kansas City, Kansas (Meat Inspection). Dr. John D. De Ronde, New York City (Meat Inspection). Dr. F. R. Jones, Fort Worth, Texas (Hog Cholera Control). Dr. W. K. Lewis, Columbia, 8. C. (Tick Eradication). J. S. Koren, President. CONFERENCE OF INSPECTORS IN CHARGE OF TICK ERADICATION. One of the most interesting and instructive meetings for the inspectors in charge of tick eradication was held at the Molton Hotel, Birmingham, Alabama, Monday and Tuesday, September 23 and 24, 1918. Dr. R. A. Ramsay, Chief of Tick Eradication Division, Wash- ington, D. C., presided and outlined a list of important subjects for discussion by the conference which resulted in a number of resolutions intended to be far-reaching and constructive in their’ effect. Dr. Ramsay stated this had been the most successful year ever undertaken under the project and this fall the government would release more territory than ever before. The reports from Louis- iana surpassed all previous figures, with an average of over two million dippings a month, with Oklahoma following, showing one million dippings each month. Mr. Fred Jones, President of the Southern Cattlemen’s Asso- ciation, and Hon. Robert Seals, recently elected member of the State Legislature, both from Alabama, were present throughout the conference, full of enthusiasm and ready to do anything to hasten the work—one of the greatest conservation measures ever undertaken. OTHER ASSOCIATIONS 195 The following state authorities were present and participated in the conference: Dr. C. A. Cary, Alabama; Dr. Hudson Chad- wick, Mississippi; Dr. E. P. Flower, Louisiana; Dr. R. M. Gow, Arkansas; Dr. Moore, North Carolina, and R. W. Storrs, Florida. The Bureau veterinarians attending were: Drs. L. J. Allc Oklalioma; J. A. Barger, Mississippi; C. J. Becker, Alabama; BE. L. Bertram, Illinois; Harry Grafke, Texas; Marvin Gregory, Arkansas; R. E. Jackson, Alabama; W. K. Lewis, South Caro- lina; W. M. MacKellar, Georgia; E. M. Nighbert, Florida; J. B. Reidy, Texas; H. Robbins, Georgia; E. I. Smith, Louisiana; E. P. Yager, North Carolina, and Mr. E. E. Gass, chief clerk in the Jackson, Mississippi, office, who kept notes of the official proceed- ings and attended to all the clerical work. Dr. E. L. Bertram, inspector in charge, National Stock Yards, Illinois, was a conspicuous figure on account of his pleasing per- sonality. Dr. Bertram very ably‘explained methods of inspecting cattle from the South which arrived at the stock yards and indi- cated the measure to be absolutely codperative, inasmuch as it would furnish the Bureau definite data in case ticks were found on such shipments. It was brought out in the conference that Alabama, Florida and Georgia were drafting a state-wide law which, from all ap- pearances, would be unanimously passed by their respective legis- lative bodies this fall and winter. As Texas has a zone law, about sixty counties would commence systematic dipping in 1919. South Carolina would, very likely, be released from quarantine this fall. Mississippi had maintained its usual high standard of efficiency during the danger period of the second year, in spite of the fact that she had spared a large number of veterinary inspectors to go to other needy states. Southeast Texas came forward with splendid results after two years of diligent preliminary work in the countries where the first tick invaded the United States. Arkansas and North Carolina were ably represented and the conference was impressed with the fact that they might be the next to triumphantly join the white area. The meeting closed with a unanimous vote that a special com- munication be forwarded to Dr. J. R. Mohler and Dr. R. A. Ramsay, Washington, D. C., expressing appreciation for the privilege of coming together to discuss the practical side of tick eradication. E. I. S. 196 OTHER ASSOCIATIONS RESOLUTION ADOPTED BY KANSAS CITY, KANSAS, UNIT, B. A. I. VETERINARIANS. , Whereas, the United States is now victoriously waging war against the Imperial German and Austrian Governments for the freedom and liberty. of humanity, and for the purpose of insuring the safety of demoératic forms of government, and , Whereas, it is well recognized that the continued success of this war depends equally upon the civilian army and the military _ army, and ; Whereas, the veterinarians of the Bureau of Animal Industry, U. S. Department of Agriculture, though they have not been privileged to enter the military service, through their efforts in the eradication and control of animal diseases, the inspection of meats and other allied activities, are safeguarding the live stock industry and the health of our soldiers, and are thus performing a very necessary war work; be it Resolved, that the veterinarians of the Bureau of Animal In- dustry respectfully requests the War Department to give recogni- tion, in the form of a certificate and insignia, to those engaged in this essential war work, that they may give evidence of their con- tribution to the winning of the war; be it further Resolved, that a copy of this resolution be furnished the presi- dent of the National Association of Bureau of Animal Industry Veterinarians, with a request that he bring it to the attention of the several units of this association, and to the Secretary of War, for consideration. | F. A. IMuer, J. FLEMING, A. L. BAILEy, Committee. TICK ERADICATION TALKS AT NEW ORLEANS. A conference of the Bureau of Animal Industry employees of Louisiana engaged in the work of eradication of cattle fever ticks was held at New Orleans in the Federal building on September 21. Veterinary inspectors and agents represented the sixty-four parishes of the state at the conference, which was called for the specific purpose of furthering the work to a definite conclusion by detailing plans for mutual codperation. . OTHER ASSOCIATIONS 197 Dr. E. I. Smith, inspector in charge, presided and clearly defined in his opening remarks the slogan for Louisiana to be: ‘“We are going to dip until we get the last tick.”’ An address by the Hon. John M. Parker, U. 8S. Food Rete: trator for Louisiana, on conservation of foodstuffs and advices for codperation relative to producing more food. He said there would be a shortage of stock food. Only 60% of normal has been put up, less bran, less chops, and other cow feeds would shorten our milk and butter output this winter; he advised putting up all winter feed possible. Tick eradication was a helping hand, as it was a source of increase of more meat and milk. Mr. Parker brought out the information that 90% of the calves in the South were dropped in the spring. This should be remedied to prevent a shortage of milk and butter in the months we have no grasses. More of our cows should come fresh in the fall and winter months that there may be milk the year round for the children. He also forcibly impressed the conference that the Food Administration was ready and willing to back up the work of tick eradication in any way it can be of service. America, he said, was fighting for American principles. A class of foreign- ers came here to take advantage of conditions and not for love of America. Dr. H. L. Darby, formerly connected with the Texas force of the Bureau in the eradication of the tick, responded to the work of the Food Administration and to Mr. Parker. He also said he would go back to Texas and spread the glad news of Louisiana’s success in its eradication work. Extemporaneous remarks by Dr. G. H. Bruns delved into some ancient history of tick eradication and the doctor’s years of experience in the work has provided him with a brand that spells Big Success. ‘*Those who at this time of national crisis and demand for food evade the provisions of the dipping laws are slackers and should be exposed,’’ was the opening gun fired by Dr. E. P. Flower, secretary and executive officer of the Louisiana State Live Stock Sanitary Board. Dr. Flower’s figures showed Louis- iana to have 1,125,000 head of cattle, reduced to round numbers of 1,000,000, at a minimum increase of $7 per head in value as the result of dipping, means a profit of $7,000,000 to cattle owners of Louisiana. Added to these figures is a 25% increase in 60,000 female cattle. One hundred and fifty thousand additional calves at an average of $10 per head represents to them an additional 198 OTHER ASSOCIATIONS $1,000,000, plus 25% increase in the milk supply of 300,000 dairy eattle, representing an increased production of 75,000 gallons of milk at 40 cents per gallon, again adds to their account $300,000. ‘‘Therefore, we have a grand total increase of profits of $8,530,000. ‘‘Charges against this for the expense of conducting the anti- tick crusade is $995,000, leaving to the people a net profit of $7,535,000. Is the fight worth while? ‘‘The approximate cost per head of dipping cattle is 90 cents. I am confident that about 75% of the parishes will be released by the first of December. ‘‘In the last fourteen months there have been shipped into the state 2,000 full-bred beef cattle, 60% of which were bulls, and already the progeny produced have fully justified the wisdom of such a venture on the part of live stock owners. ‘“Tick eradication made it safe to introduce blooded stock, otherwise it would have been impracticable and have resulted in a loss to the owners. For every dollar spent in this work by the state, the United States government spends two, and I consider tick eradication one of the most constructive and conservative measures of the day.’’ Dr. W. H. Dalrymple, professor of veterinary science, Louis- iana State University, and veterinarian of the State Experiment Station, who was to have addressed the conference, was unavoid- ably detained at Baton Rouge and could not be present, which proved a keen disappointment to all. Mississippi was represented by Dr. J. A. Barger of Jackson, who advised the conference how to manage ticky herds after October 1. Natchitoches Parish, one of the largest in the state, was ably cared for by Dr. G. E. Ellis in a verbal description of the tactics used in holding and obtaining codperation until the last tick has vanished into innocuous desuetude by the process of dipping. Dr. J.-B. meidy, inspector in charge of tick eradication, Houston, Texas, recounted the road to success was through the efficiency of the supervising inspector of a county. He should be proficient and master of every situation; know how, why and when the benefits are to be derived, able to give reasons for what you do, for it is education that spells success in tick eradication. Dr. E. I. Smith, inspector in charge of Louisiana, closed the conference with impressive heart-to-heart remarks, showing clear- ly his appreciation of the splendid cooperation received at all OTHER ASSOCIATIONS 199 times from the Live Stock Sanitary Board, the city and county press, nearly all cattle owners, and his own force, well and ably contributing to the constructive progress of the cattle industry in Louisiana by tick eradication. Everybody looks forward to these conferences with an eager spirit, for nothing puts a tick eradicator more on his metal. The discussions engaged in by all bring out the underlying principles that obtain more ready results, uncovering all dormant matter. A tick eradicator alive to the situation will go back home better fortified for his having come. E. HorstMan. TRI-COUNTY VETERINARY ASSOCIATION. The Tri-County (Ohio) Veterinary Association was formed at Greenfield, Ohio, on October 2, by the veterinarians of the coun- ties of Highland, Ross, and Pike, when the following officers were elected : Chairman—Dr. M. J. Jones, Lynchburg, Ohio. Vice Chairman—Dr. O. A. Tudor, Greenfield, Ohio. Secretary-Treasurer—Dr. W. R. Lukens, Hillsboro, Ohio. STATE VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION OF TEXAS. The meeting of the State Veterinary Medical Association of Texas was held at College Station, Texas, on July 29 and 30, 1918, and from point of attendance, good fellowship, and general excellence of papers presented and work done, must be classed with the very successful meetings of the year. The regular meeting place of the association is at Fort Worth, but due to the fact that the formal opening of the State School of Veterinary Medicine of Texas was to take place July 30, it was thought best to hold the veterinary meeting at this time and place to allow the members to become better acquainted with the school facilities and the men having veterinary education in charge in Texas. It was voted at this meeting to allow any B. A. I. employee who was a regular member in good standing in any state veterinary medical association to become a member of this association, should he be moved to Texas, by producing satisfactory evidence of such membership, and signifying his desire of becoming a member; this without any other fees than 200 OTHER ASSOCIATIONS the regular payment of dues, and his standing in this association to be the same as in that from which he came. Twelve new members were taken into the association, which now has a membership of 139, owes nothing, has a comfortable balance in the treasury, and is upon a sound basis. The literary part of the program was excellent, and the fol- lowing papers were presented and well discussed : ‘Hemorrhagic Septicemia, Its Clinical Diagnosis,’’ Dr. H. Jensen, Kansas City, Mo. ‘‘Hemorrhagic Septicemia, Laboratory Diagnosis,’’ Dr. H. Schmidt, College Station, Texas. ‘Hog Cholera Control,’? Dr. F. R. Jones, B. A. I., Fort Worth, Texas. ‘*Diagnosis Contagious Abortion in Cattle,’? Dr. A. T. Kins- ley, Kansas City, Mo. ‘‘Treatment Contagious Abortion in Cattle,’’ Dr. R. P. Mar- steller, College Station, Texas. ‘*Tuberculosis Among the Beef Breeds of Texas and Methods of Control,’’ Dr. E. F. Jarrel, Fort Worth, Texas. ‘‘Anthrax and Its Control,’’ Dr. W. H. Dalrymple, Baton Rouge, La. An all-day clinic was held at the college hospital July 30 and the clinic was so large and varied that it could not be completed in one day, so several men stayed over the following day to help with the operations. Dr. W. G. Gregory was in charge, and con- ducted it in an able manner. The evening of July 30 was set apart for the formal opening of the State School of Veterinary Medicine, of Texas, and the exercises were enjoyed by everyone present. Dr. R. P. Mar- steller presided, and addresses were made by the following: Drs. Mark Francis, A. E. Flowers, E. F. Jarrel, W. H. Dalrymple, Frank R. Jones, W. G. Gregory, and much merited praise was bestowed upon Dr. Francis and his coworkers for their untiring efforts in bringing this magnificent school into existence. The school is well equipped and is housed in one of the most beautiful buildings on the college campus. The meeting adjourned, thanking the College Station folks for their hospitality and kindnesses, and pledging entire loyalty to the new school, its aims and its aspirations. Ernest M. Wiaes, Secretary-Treasurer. OTHER ASSOCIATIONS 201 MEETING OF AMERICAN HUMANE SOCIETY. At the annual meeting of the American Humane Society, held in Chicago recently, one afternoon was devoted to the work of the American Red Star. Mr. G. E. Wentworth, Superintend- ent of the Chicago Stock Yards Company, gave an interesting address on the transportation of army horses and advocated the appointment of an official veterinarian who should have authority to modify the twenty-eight or thirty-six hour unloading in transit regulatories where the comfort and safety of the horses would be enhanced. In certain cases horses are now unloaded in severe storms into stock pens without shelter in order to comply with the letter of the law. Mr. Wentworth also paid a tribute to the government veterinarians in their successful efforts to cope with shipping fever. by Mr. Wayne Dinsmore, Secretary of the Percheron Society of America, also spoke on the probable shortage of horses in this country in the near future. He states that one million horses and one-third of a million mules had been shipped to the allied armies, and three hundred and fifty thousand horses and mules had been supplied to the American army. Foreign military officers praised the quality of American horses and mules highly. When it was necessary to get guns, ammunition and supplies to the front lines under shell and machine gun fire and over almost impassable ground, the American horses and mules were ‘‘there with the goods.’’ 3 . Mr. Dinsmore also advocated state aid to approved stallions -along lines so successfully carried out in France and England. Dr. W. Horace Hoskins also spoke on the American Army Veterinary Service and paid a fitting tribute to Major Harry D. Gill, whose recent death in the service was a shock to his many friends. Dr. Hoskins also told of the efficient work of the army veter- inarians in alleviating the suffering and protecting the health of the army horses and mules. Such meetings as this with the support of veterinarians will be of great value in helping to place the efforts of those interested in humane treatment of animals on a practical and helpful basis. N.S. M. NECROLOGICAL. MAXIMILIAN HERZOG. The members of the Veterinary Inspectors Association of Chicago were greatly grieved to learn of the death of Dr. Max- imilian Herzog. In the past the Association has frequently been honored by his presence at their meetings as well as at their annual banquet, where he never failed to please and say some- thing that was instructive and helpful in our work. In recogni- tion of the deep interest that Dr. Herzog has taken in the veter- inary profession, this Association saw fit to make him an honorary member several years ago. Some of the older members of the Association have borne an intimate acquaintanceship with him for a number of years, while others had the honor of receiving instructions from him. All the members of our Association feel that not only have they lost a valuable contributor to the veterinary profession, but also a sin- cere friend, who always labored for the advancement of vet- erinary science as well as the profession to which he belonged. And, Whereas, ‘‘The Great Avenger, Death,’’ has struck down our friend during a period in his life in which he was of most value to science; therefore, Be it resolved, That this Association has lost a cleaeat friend and a valuable contributor to science, and one by whose encour- aging words and pleasing personality we were stimulated to higher thoughts and nobler aims; and, Be it further resolved, That we extend to Mrs. Herzog our sincere sympathy in this hour of her bereavement; also that a copy of these resolutions be spread upon our records and: a copy sent to Mrs. Herzog. (Signed) THE COMMITTEE. D. R. GILLIEs, B. RAFFENSPERGER, F. H. BENJAMIN. The Journal deeply regrets to have to announce the sad death of Major Harry D. Gill, fuller notice of which will be given in our next issue, as the details have not been received as we go to press. a a MISCELLANEOUS. THE EXCISE TAX ON MEDICINES. (Editorial Note: This article is reprinted because of its importance to veterinarians. Immediate action should be taken.) A matter of the utmost importance to physicians is the pro- posed increase of the federal excise tax on so-called “‘proprietary medicines’’ from 2 per cent (the present tax) to 10 per cent. According to the newspapers, this increase has been agreed upon by the Ways and Means Committee. If it were to be placed only upon what the physician understands as ‘‘proprietary’’ medi- eines, and what the layman calls ‘‘patent’’ medicines, none of us would object, since, when the law was originally passed, it was undoubtedly the intention of our lawmakers to restrict the burden to preparations of this kind. Unfortunately, the law was so loosely drawn that it is capable of almost any interpretation, and, as the Government needed the money to carry on the war, application has been made as sweeping as possible. As the law is being administered at the present time, a very large majority of the medicinal preparations used by the medical profession come within its scope, the only clearly defined excep- tions being remedies that are included in the U. S. Pharmacopeia and National Formulary. All preparations that are made under United States patents, that are protected by trade-mark, that are recommended as cures or remedies for diseases or disease condi- tions, that have disease-name designations, or to which is definite- ly attached the name of the deviser or the producer, are subject to taxation. The same product may be free from taxation when made by one house, and subject to taxation when made by an- other house, if the one has trade-marked the name of the product and the other has not. Many inequalities of this kind might be mentioned. If the tax is increased to 10 per cent without modification of the law, we believe that probably 75 per cent of the medicines used by doctors will be affected. Since in the last analysis the sick man pays the tax, the burden will fall upon him. Nearly all definite synthetic remedies introduced within recent years will be taxed, including such substances, now made in America, as adrenalin, novocaine (procaine), salvarsan (arsphenamine), vero- 204 MISCELLANEOUS nal (barbital), and dozens of others. Many other chemicals that are sold under trade-marked names, like atophan, chlorazene, and the like, will be taxed heavily. The Compound Cathartic Pill will be free from taxation because it is official, but the non- official anticonstipation pills of all kinds will be subject to tax- ation. Dover’s Powder will be free from taxation because it is official, but Hinkle’s Cascara Pill will be subject to taxation because the word ‘‘Hinkle’’ has become part of its name. To give any information on the label concerning the employment of any product, even though information of this kind is vitally necessary for correct application of the drug, will make it subject to taxation. Physicians who object to paying more for their medicines, and who believe that no additional burden should be placed upon themselves and their patients, should express their feeling in this matter to their congressmen and senators. Medicine is a neces- sity for the sick. While it may be wise that it should bear part of the war burden, this burden should be light. Let the heavy taxation be restricted to luxuries and non-essentials, such as the so-called ‘‘patents,’’ the cosmetics, and things of this kind. If you are interested, as of course you are, speak now, or be prepared to take your medicine, expressed in increased cost of the necessities of your practice.—E xchange. WOUNDED ANIMALS NOW GET HOSPITAL TREATMENT FROM RED STAR. Did you ever stop to think what a debt you owe the faithful, uncomplaining horse for his valiant services in helping stem the advance of the German hordes? Even in this day of motor trans- port the suecesses of the Yanks at Chateau Thierry and St. Mi- hiel would have been almost impossible without the aid of horses and mules to carry food and ammunition to the men in the front lines and to bring up the big guns. | ‘Horses are as much needed to carry on the operations of war as they were a thousand years ago,’’ said Dr. William O. Still- man, president of the American Humane Association, in session at the Congress Hotel. ‘‘In difficult terrain the soldiers would - starve if animals were not used to bring up food. Attacks would fail and defenses crumble if it were not for ammunition and guns brought up by horses and mules.’’ MISCELLANEOUS 205 To care for these invaluable allies the Humane Association has organized a department known as the Red Star Animal Relief, which is now codperating with the Army Veterinary Corps. When the war horse is wounded or falls sick, instead of being knocked in the head with an ax, as in the days of old, he is hoisted into a cushioned motor ambulance—if his wounds are not mortal—earried gently to an immaculate field hospital, oper- ated on under an anesthetic and later turned loose for a BONGAy of convalescence in a paddock.—Chicago American. CONFERENCE OF MISSISSIPPI BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY EMPLOYEES. The employees of the Bureau of Animal Industry engaged in the work of tick eradication in Mississippi held a very beneficial conference in the Board of Trade, Jackson, Miss., Saturday, October 5, 1918. | Dr. J. A. Barger, Inspector in Charge, prepared a very searching program for the purpose of touching on all the prac- tical subjects of the project, and presided over the conference in his usual firm and gentle manner, so that addresses and dis- cussions followed on regular schedule time. The morning session was devoted to addresses from various individuals within and without the state. Hon. S. J. Taylor, Holstein breeder and dairyman from Jackson, Miss., was the first on the program and proved more than entertaining to the audience, inasmuch as he possesses unusual tact as a speaker and a man who can quickly apply practical ideas. Mr. Taylor drew a vivid comparison between the food values of milk and other animal products, lauded the work of tick eradication in the state, paid a high tribute to the personal character and ability of the inspector in charge, and closed his remarks by inviting everyone to join him at the noon hour at his milk depot on State Street to drink good old-fashioned buttermilk and pure sweet milk pro- duced from his splendid Holstein herd. Other speakers who followed attracted unusual attention. Dr. EK. P. Flower, from Louisiana, was unable to be present on ac- count of sickness, and the conference regretted very much his absence—the Doctor is very popular among all Bureau men. Dr. J. J. Jones, of Mississippi, held the undivided attention of the audience with his remarkable address, ‘‘One Man.’’ Dr. Jones concisely showed what one man had accomplished under 206 MISCELLANEOUS adverse circumstances, and made the principle applicable to tick eradication. | The afternoon session was devoted to general discussions of prepared subjects by speakers called from the floor. The topies were broad and comprehensive and very ably discussed by all who volunteered or were called upon. The conference closed at 4 p. m., after adopting several excellent resolutions, notably thanking Mr. Taylor for his courtesy in inviting all of the mem- bers to lunch; thanking several outsiders for their remarks; and, finally, a very appreciative one to the Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry and the Chief of the Tick Eradication Division for permission to hold such a conference. Dr. Barger is, indeed, very popular among the tick eradica- tion forces and never fails to attract less than extraordinary attention, and he is to be highly congratulated on the manner in which he has handled difficult matters connected with his duties in Mississippi during the three years he has been chosen by the Bureau to direct the work of tick eradication. EK. LS. ASSISTANT CHIEF, BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY, APPOINTED. The Seeretary of Agriculture on September 26, 1918, an- nounced the appointment of Mr. B. H. Rawl as Assistant Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry. The appointment became effec- tive on October 1. Mr. Rawl has been Chief of the Dairy Di- vision of the Bureau of Animal Industry since 1909, and, in addition to his new duties, he will continue to supervise the work of that division, the scope of which during the past nine years has increased six-fold and now reaches two-thirds of the States. Mr. Raw] was graduated from the Clemson Agricultural Col- lege, South Carolina, in 1900. He later took a special course in dairy husbandry at the Pennsylvania State College and the Uni- versity of Wisconsin, and served as Assistant Professor of Animal Husbandry and Dairying at Clemson College from 1902 to 1905. He entered the service of the Bureau of Animal Industry as dairy husbandman in 1905, and, as indicated, was made chief of the division in 1909. He is a trustee of the Clemson Agricul- tural College and a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, of the South Carolina Agricultural Society and of the South Carolina Live Stock Association. JOURNAL OF THE American Veterinary Medical Association FORMERLY AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW (Original Official Organ U. S. Vet. Med. Ass’n) W. H. DALRYMPLE, Editor. BATON ROUGE, LA. V. A. Moors, President, Ithaca, N. Y. N. S. Mayo, Secretary, Chicago. e M. JAcos, Treasurer, Knoxville, Tenn. Executive Board GEO. HILTON, ist District; , 2d District; J. R. MOHLER, 3d District; C. H. STANGER, 4th District; R. A. ARCHIBALD, 5th District; A. T. KINSLEY, Member at Large. Sub-Committee on Journal J. R. MOHLER W. Horace HOSKINS R, A. ARCHIBALD The American Veterinary Medical Association is not responsible for views or statements published in the JOURNAL, outside of its own authorized actions. Reprints should be ordered in advance. A circular of prices will be sent upon application. Vou. LIV., N. S.,: Vou 7. DECEMBER, 1918. No. 3. PEACE. “To. reap the harvest of perpetual peace, By this one bloody trial of sharp war.” —Richard III. As we were getting our material in readiness for the December Journal, the joyful news was flashed over the cables that the roar of cannon and the rattling of sabres had ceased over the battle fronts in Europe. Or, in other words, an armistice had been signed, and the beginning of a new era in the history of nations was in sight, if not actually here. If the world is to have perpetual peace after the past fifty months of bloody strife, which is sincerely to be wished for, then the sacrifice, appalling as it has been, will not have been in vain. All the nations grouped on the side of humanity and civiliza- tion have had their share in the victory, and all arms and branches in the services of the different countries have had their places to fill in the victory machine; and we believe that when his- tory has recorded the achievements of each and all, those of the veterinary services will receive their due mede of recognition, although the world, generally, may not be apprised of them. We are familiar, from record, with what some of the European army acid Services have accomplished in the conservation of 208 EDITORIAL animal life and usefulness at the front; and we are convinced that our own authorities must now realizé, and recognize, the immense importance of a regularly organized veterinary service in connection with our own army, as there can be no doubt, whatever, that the Veterinary Corps of the United States Army has fulfilled its mission and given an account of itself equal to that of any other nation. It has been said that it takes a calamity to bring about re- forms, and there can be little question that the world’s calamity through which we have just passed will have been the means of firmly establishing the veterinary profession, both civil and mili- tary, in this country, as one that is absolutely essential to the country’s wellbeing in times of peace as well as in those of war. An army service so organized and equipped as to be able to return to usefulness at the front some 80 per cent. of wounded animals, which the British veterinary service is said to have done, is bound to receive recognition, as it means not only the mainte- nance of efficiency of the fighting forces, but the saving of almost fabulous amounts of money. We feel sure that our United States Veterinary Corps has done its share, in its own special department, in bringing the war to a successful issue, and The Journal hopes that when its duties are fulfilled, both overseas and at home, the members will re- turn safely to engage in whatever branch of professional work may await them. It has been an uphill pull to gain full recognition me the veterinary branch of our national army, but it seems to have come, and come to stay, even if it did take a world’s conflict to hurry it along; and those who worked so earnestly and inde- fatigably to bring it about must now feel compensated for what they did toward its accomplishment. ANTHRAX INFECTION DIFFICULT TO CONTROL. Reports from different sections of the country with regard to anthrax would indicate that the spread of the infection is, un- fortunately, rather on the increase than otherwise, notwith- standing the efforts of sanitary organizations in the different states whose purpose is to endeavor to check the spread of the infection of this, as well as that of other contagious, and expen- sive, animal maladies. We believe that good results are being EDITORIAL 209 obtained by the intelligent use of preventives in the shape of vaccines and serums, but the codperation of stock owners in the enforcement of sanitary regulations seems far short of what it ought to be in controlling anthrax infection. However, there are so many carriers of this infection that it is difficult, even with prescribed sanitary regulations reasonably carried out, to place a check on the numerous sources through which it may be intro- duced, and concerning which many stock owners have little or no conception. Some idea of these sources may be had, as well as of the insidiousness of anthrax infection, from the last annual report of the Chief Veterinary Officer of the British Board of - Agriculture and Fisheries, a part of which we take the liberty of quoting in this connection. During the calendar year (1917) there were 423 outbreaks of anthrax confirmed by laboratory tests—201 in England and 202 in Scotland. | With regard to the 343 outbreaks which occurred on pre- viously clean premises, inquiries pointed to the following being the probable source of origin: Effluent from tanyards or other industrial undertakings getting into 4: SPR RTE hk he ep alot 0 wr at eNEN eS ioe SERENE Licey Sia ag ie So qin aoa wee. 0.0 9: @iw oe aoes 2 weeding= ot infected’ CarCassiOlral tO: SWIG, CLC oie eo ee oie ae bed eidate SISO. Of WINDOTCER 1 COUN SUL eis eos, sha ators iat oes a, his 5 eta corse eee cob we euere 203 4. Use of artificial manures (commercial fertilizers) of animal origin Ore Tan soe ha a as ae ant ES eo LE oe gece ier 34 5. Use of both imported feeding stuffs and artificial manures.......... 49 6. A recent death, not reported, but not improbably anthrax.......... 10 LINO Cx Diana On: OODLE OIG rae. cae teed rae ecaioralt foe tei cd atacle weed o ae om 44 Eight human beings developed anthrax, one of whom ap- peared to have contracted the disease whilst handling affected swine with a view to examining their throats; the others probably became infected as a result of slaughtering affected animals or eutting affected carcasses. . The handling of anthrax-infected hides is not an uncommon source of the origin of outbreaks in tanneries in the United States. Only last year the health authorities of Massachusetts reported an outbreak where twenty-five tannery workers became infected, in three contiguous towns, from a shipment of hides which was traced to Hankau, China, as the point of origin. The effluents from such tanneries getting into streams would be a very fruitful source of spreading the infection amongst live stock on pastures bordering such streams, instances of which have already been reported, we believe, in our own country. The sources of origin which impressed us most were those of infected feeding stuffs, and commercial manures of animal origin, 210 EDITORIAL although the writer has, on more than one occasion, experienced an outbreak of anthrax from infected commercial feeds, and we have read of infection being introduced and scattered over the ‘land in infected manures, possibly of foreign origin where sani- tary conditions were not observed, as may have been the case in Great Britain, which country does, or used to, import consider- able quantities of manures from other countries, in the form of bones and bone meals. 1 Be that as it may, we believe it would be well to give more consideration than hitherto to these two probable sources of origin, especially in places where the infection had not previously existed, knowing that they have been ‘‘found guilty,’’ or at least, extremely suspicious, in other countries. However, the various sources of origin of anthrax infection which we have enumerated, and others, no doubt, whi¢h we have not alluded to, only go to emphasize the truth of our original assertion, that anthrax infection is difficult—in fact, extremely difficult—to con- trol, which would suggest that efforts along sanitary lines should be redoubled in connection with this contagious, fatal, and most expensive communicable disease. RESTRICTIONS ON PAPER. The Pulp and Paper Division of the War Industries Board has required a reduction in the amount of paper used by the Journal the present year, which means several thousand pounds less than were being used before the requirement came into effect, and previous to the recent large addition to the member- ship. To meet this requirement of the Division, we will be com- pelled for the present to economize as much as possible in order to keep within our allowance of paper. Therefore, if our readers should observe a slight reduction in the number of pages of reading matter in this and subsequent issues, they will know the reason why. It is to be hoped, how- ever, now that hostilities in Europe have ceased, these restric- tions may be removed earlier than at first anticipated. THE VETERINARY PRACTITIONER IN THE CONTROL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES. VERANUS A. Moors, Ithaca, New York. The great war in which we are engaged, with its unprece- dented tax upon the resources of the country, has placed in bold relief not only the patriotic but also the professional duties of the veterinarian. Not until the recent demand for animal products did our people realize the enormous toll that is paid annually to the ravages of disease: Heretofore, the reported loss of hundreds of millions of dollars from infections made little or no impression, for there were animals enough and to spare; but today, a single death from disease is an appreciable loss to the nation. It is not strange, therefore, that animal owners and economists should ask why there should be such great waste from preventable diseases. At such a time, it seems fitting to inquire into the agencies that are operating to check these losses. | In the past, various efforts have been made to protect animals against infectious diseases but the successful measures have been those centered in the veterinary profession. From the beginning (for Hippocrates, the father of medicine, was a student of animal diseases) veterinarians have been charged with the protection and treatment of anim. is. In early times, however, they had no knowledge of the infectious maladies and consequently means for combating them have developed in conjunction with the discover- les concerning their nature. : ‘The introduction of departments of veterinary science in our ‘land grant colleges was the beginning of American efforts to com- bat intelligently infectious diseases. These departments were presided over by men trained’in the schools of Europe. They brought to this country the experience of the old world in the pro- tection of live stock and, further, they introduced the experi- mental method of studying animal diseases. Growing out of this, the Federal Bureau of Animal Industry was established. The organization of state veterinary service; the founding of colleges for research and instruction; the enactment of sanitary ldws and others to govern the practice of veterinary medicine followed in rapid succession. From these activities, an American veterinary profession has developed consisting of about 2 to 5 per cent re- Oe “sy. A. MOORE _— search workers and teachers, 15 to 18 per cent state and govern- ment live stock sanitarians and inspectors and 80 per cent prac- titioners. These constitute the interdependent forces in our war- fare against animal diseases. Prior to this, a few great leaders* of science had appeared who enunciated hitherto unrecognized truths and principles con- cerning natural phenomena and whose works not only laid the foundation but also guided the development of rational medicine. Their work, together with the evolutions in the auxiliary medical sciences of biology, chemistry and physics, have changed the habit of human thought concerning the origin of plagues, and the naturalness of the infectious diseases has been recognized. As a result, veterinary medicine has been transferred from the realm of empiricism to the domain of applied science. The changes have been exceedingly rapid.+ With the suc- cession in so short a time of so many new and fundamental dis- coveries, it was difficult for veterinarians to be always on the right side of the facts. We stand, you and I, whether in re- search, teaching, administrative work or practice, in the midst of a constant evolution of facts and development of truth. As another has put it, ‘‘The truth of yesterday is not the truth of today. The truth of today is but the parent of that which is to be tomorrow.’’ Nowhere have the advances been more conspic- uous than in the conception of ina diseases and man’s power to overcome them. vi The beginning of progress, and so else succeeding advance, was made through the discoveries of research workers. It is the — function of teachers to incorporate this new knowledge in their course of instruction, and of practitioners to apply it. The live stock sanitarians have to formulate rules for interherd and inter- state dealings, while the inspector protects the human family against the diseases of animals communicable to man. The se- quence is a natural one, for it does not presume to apply knowl- edge before it is acquired. However, the attraction of discovery tends to focus the public eye on research workers and those who enforce the laws growing out of their findings. But the desired * Among these should be mentioned Virchow and his ‘ ‘cellular pathology” Darwin and “the origin of the species ;’”’ and Pasteur and the “explanation of fermentation and specific etiology.” These are fundamental to an understand- ing of the laws of disease. More recently the theories of immunity by Ehrlich and Metchnikoff are basic in an understanding of prophylactic treatment. . *7This can be appreciated from the fact that veterinarians are still living who began their professional career before the cause of a single infectious dis- ease was known; before specific reactions for diagnosis were dreamed of; and ae the means of dissemination of epizodétics were anything more, ‘than mystery. VETERINARY PRACTITIONER IN THE CONTROL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 213 results, the minimizing of disease, cannot be obtained without the practitioners, who, from the very nature of their work, naturally become the agency of first importance in applying the principles of preventive medicine. The veterinary profession is gradually defining its purposes -and the ideals toward which it is working. These are subject to change as a result of new discoveries. In the ‘‘old days,’’ the aim of the practitioner was to cure the animals suffering from in- fections. That was all the scientific conceptions of the time al- lowed him. With the advent of specific etiology, his possibilities extended to their control. Finally, with greater knowledge, a new ideal was conceived, namely, the elimination of epizodtics altogether. ; Formerly, the practitioner was helpless in combating animal plagues. Today, he is successful in proportion to his knowledge of them and his ability to apply it. As knowledge increases, empiricism diminishes. The present understanding of disease furnishes the practitioner with a code by which he can determine the procedure to be followed in all cases. As a result, he is the repository and dispenser of the technical knowledge necessary to direct the causes of disease and pestilence out of our flocks and herds. He has become a positive factor in the conserva- tion of animal life. He is to become, and in places he already is, the constructive leader of animal husbandry. Veterinarians are the only men who are trained in the combination of sciences required to interpret the phenomena of animal diseases and to specify methods for their control. While this imposes a heavy responsibility, it is no greater than the opportunities. With every advance in the knowledge of disease, there is a correspond- ing obligation placed on those who should apply the new truth. If we analyze the routine of the practitioner, the significance of his position is apparent. He is the first person qualified to make a diagnosis who sees the infected animal. If the proper confidence exists, he is called as soon as there is indication of trouble. It is the practitioner, therefore, who can direct the care of infected animals in time to check the further spread of the virus. An error or delay at this critical moment may prove the beginning of a serious epizootic. The diagnosis, the isolation, the reporting to officials and the precautionary instructions to ad- joining owners of animals are all in the hands of the man who is called first. In these circumstances, the opportunity and the obligation to apply the principles of preventive medicine are his. 214 Vv. A. MOORE He is held by the tenets of the Hippocratic oath to the application of this knowledge. The serious losses that have resulted from the failure of veterinarians to observe these principles are well known. Likewise, you can remember the threatening outbreaks that were prevented, and the herds that were saved, because the practitioner did the right thing at the proper time. The work of Apsyrtus of Bithynia, the Roman veterinarian in the fourth century, is of interest in this econnecton. He differ- entiated glanders and, by isolation and quarantine, controlled it. He was neither aided nor protected by statutory laws. But, single-handed, a man of science and close observation, he fulfilled the mission of his calling and saved the horses for his country’s army. He is a striking example of individualism in sanitary science. | It is not necessary, however, to consult the archives of the ancients for illustrations. I well remember the emphasis Prof. Bang placed on the work of individual veterinarians who came in contact with the herds themselves and who knew and understood the diseases that existed and the dangers that threatened. The success, in Denmark, of the Bang system is due largely to the efficiency of the practitioners who find the infected herds and interest their owners in purifying them. Prof. Bang recognizes, - more keenly than any other official of my acquaintance, the duties of thé individual members of his profession. He believes that to eliminate infections, the veterinarians must work with the owners, secure their cooperation and instruct them in the prin- ciples of prevention. He says frankly that the greatest value of his method is ‘‘that it teaches the owners how to keep their herds elean.’’ We all know practitioners who, by their understanding of the diseases of animals and of the mental attitude of their owners, have the confidence and cooperation of their clients. The problem before us is the suppression of preventable diseases and the sooner we learn to utilize all the agencies, physical and psychological, necessary to accomplish that end, the better. The crucial test of a professional man is his power to work with other men and his ability to bring to his aid the intelligent efforts of those whom he would serve. | The purpose of veterinary education in this country has come to be, as it always was in Europe, to train men in the methods of diagnosis and control of infectious diseases, as well as of the others. We have recognized finally that schools must insist on VETERINARY PRACTITIONER IN THE CONTROL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 215 training their students in both the theory and application of the sciences of veterinary medicine. The students must be disciplined in laboratory and clinical work. Men who have such preparation, and who possess the professional instinct, know the necessity of early diagnosis, the danger of delay, and that to succeed they must work with natural laws, not against them. They see in prac- tice the necessity for correlation of research, technical instruction and official supervision. These men understand perfectly that there is no technical knowledge required in the administration of serums or vaccines that is not equally applicable to other prac- tices, and that the principles of immunity and prophylactic treat- ments are integral parts of their professional knowledge. Further, American veterinary literature is steadily improving. Specialists are developing along many lines and experts in diag- nosis, with well-equipped laboratories, are becoming more numer- ous. It is a source of congratulation that with the greater de- mands imposed upon practitioners by the live stock industry, there are opportunities for adequate preparation, quite as satis- factory as in other professions. This makes it possible, for those who will, to qualify in the sanitary and control work called for in their respective communities and to do the work either alone or in codperation with the state or federal government. The practitioner should take the initial steps in the suppres- sion of infectious diseases locally. It is a part of his professional duty. I desire to mention a few of the many reasons why he should take a deeper interest in the conservation of animals and participate to a greater extent in the supervised sanitary projects. 1. The local practitioners are the advisors, and should be the teachers, of their clients in all matters pertaining to animal dis- eases. They know the conditions and should give wise instruc- tion. | 2. They are near and can be obtained quickly to make the diagnosis and to inaugurate immediately preventive measures. This is all-important, as prevention eae depends on prompt action. 3. Veterinary practitioners are professionally educated men. If it is necessary to call a stranger to apply a modern test or pre- ventive agent, it tends strongly to belittle, in the opinion of the public, the ability of the local veterinarian, and indirectly reflects upon the efficiency of the profession. 4. The communicable diseases, while very important, con- stitute the minor part of the troubles for which the service of 216 Vv. A. MOORE practitioners is required. To have the affections that cause the greater losses properly attended, there must be competent men in the profession. Can we hope that boys with the education and ability necessary to deal successfully with these subtle problems will enter this profession unless it is so oriented that they can expect to do all of the legitimate veterinary work of their future clients? If the veterinary profession is to stand, its practitioners must be qualified to do the work required of it and be recognized. 5. If the newer projects for the suppression of communicable diseases are successful, to be of value, they must be extended to the flocks and herds generally. Owners may hesitate to hand over their animals for tests or treatment by strangers, without pro- fessional representation, when the veterinarians in whom they have confidence and who are competent to do the work are not recognized. As a long-time laboratory worker, I am not emphasizing the superior opportunities of practitioners in the control of infectious diseases with any thought of disparagement of other and corre- lated agencies. They each have their place to operate beneficially in our progressively improving system of control. I feel that in the past, at least, there has been a tendency to place too much emphasis on ‘‘man-made’’ laws and tissue reactions, rather than on reaching an understanding of the natural laws governing them and the limitations of specific tests. Not infrequently such fail- ures have created grave suspicion as to the integrity of the work. In sensitive biological reactions, variations may occur due to conditions not fully understood and which perhaps cannot be interpreted with present knowledge. In all of our work, we are dealing with scientific facts and principles that no truly pro- fessional man would violate knowingly. Finally, the practitioners establish the points of contact be- tween the live stock owners and the profession. Like an electric system, if this contact is not well made, the whole battery of useful, technical knowledge, now available, is of little or no use. For this reason, and the great need to conserve our animals, I appeal to practitioners not to be found wanting in their work as sanitarians. I also believe that official veterinarians should co- operate with them as much as possible. This seems to be the only plan that will bring into direct and active operation all of the forces necessary for success. LAMENESS OF OBSCURE ORIGIN 217 LAMENESS OF OBSCURE ORIGIN AND SOME OF ITS CAUSES.* Geo. H. Berns, Brooklyn, New York. Among the many difficult problems the practitioner of equine medicine and surgery is called upon to solve, there are few more perplexing than the positive diagnosis im cases of lameness of obscure origin. Upon a correct diagnosis as to the causes and locations, depends the more important prognosis, which may be a means of greatly adding to, or seriously detracting from, a vet- erinarian’s reputation. I have made no new discoveries and have no startling original theories to advance, but I fully believe that this subject is of sufficient importance to merit consideration and a free interchange of views by the gentlemen present. The . conclusion arrived at, and the opinions expressed, are chiefly based upon personal observation, experience and a limited knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the locomotory apparatus of the horse. Upon post mortem examination and in the dissecting rooms of veterinary colleges, there are many pathological conditions found which during life caused lameness and must have been difficult to diagnose. Dry arthritis, calcification of synovial fringes, incomplete fractures, incipient splints, spavins and ring- bones, structural changes in ligaments, tendons, muscles and bones are met with, but form only a small percentage of sia many cases seen in daily practice. Abnormal conditions within the foot are, in my opinion, re- sponsible for at least 50% of all the cases of obscure lameness. In practice, the lame horse, if he does not recover within a reasonable time, is invariably disposed of by the owner, and the veterinarian loses track of him and the chance for a post mortem examination. In the dissecting room the student is much more interested in the gross anatomy of the foot than in minute pathological lesions in the pododerm or distal phalanges articulation, which might require hours of hard work and diligent search to locate. To that condition commonly designated as contraction of the foot, producing inordinate pressure’ upon the sensitive struc- tures within, many modern writers on lameness of horses have *Paper presented at 55th Annual Meeting, A. V. M. A., Philadelphia, 1918. 218 GEO. H. BERNS - given but little attention. I am well aware that many authorities look upon contraction as simply a secondary condition, result- ing from lack of functional activity. In other words, if a horse is lame from any cause for a length of time and does not place a proportionate amount of weight upon the foot of the affected limb, the foot or more especially its heels will atrophy and its horny covering sink to a greater or lesser extent. I freely admit that this is the case, but thirty-eight years of continuous prac- tice in a large city among all classes of horses has convinced me that contraction and undue pressure resulting therefrom is the primary cause of very many forms of lameness; some of which are extremely difficult to locate. Consider for a moment the very delicate and complicated anatomical construction of the horse’s foot. Consider the vascular and highly organized keratogenous membrane covering all parts of the foot and con- fined within a very small space between the unyielding horn of the sole, bars, heel and wall on the outside and the pedal bone with its backward projecting wings and more or less ossified lateral cartilages on the inside. Consider the perfect hinge joint (corone pedal), the magnificent pulley-like arrangement of the navicular, its ligaments, smooth, gliding surface for the perfo- rans, and its synovial membranous covering. Think of the highly organized coronary cushion, the principal horn secreting struc- ture of the foot, the wonderful dove-tailed union between the horny lamin of the wall and the delicate podophylous tissue. Reflect upon the many abuses, loss of natural environments and curtailment of functions, domestication has foreed upon the horse, and it will be no surprise that the foot should suffer from disease very much oftener than any other part of the entire locomotary apparatus. The unshod foot, in a normal condition, will expand and contract at every step; contract while momentarily off the ground and expand from one-quarter to one-half inch at its plantar surface when its due proportion of weight is resting upon it. This action not only aids the circulation in a distant part but gives freedom and elasticity to motion. The moment a metal shoe is firmly nailed upon the plantar surface, this free- dom of action, as well as the free circulation, is materially inter- fered with. The horn of the wall, sole and frog, by being artifi- cially protected, and deprived of natural functional activity, loses elasticity, toughness and inherent resisting powers and with- out any other cause show a disposition to become dry and brittle LAMENESS OF OBSCURE ORIGIN 219 and a great tendency to shrink. When this metal plate is made concaved on its upper surface, and worse still, has three eleva- tions from three-quarters to one inch high (called calks), welded to its lower surface, it places the horse practically upon stilts, and throws all his weight upon the wall and deprives the sole and frog of its normal functions. The latter not carrying any weight, raised from the ground and exposed to the drying influ- ence of the air, shrink and become as hard as flint. In aggravated cases the sole assumes the shape of an arch, the frog atrophies to such an extent that the angles of inflexion at the heels are probably not over one and one-half or two inches apart, where, under normal conditions, the distance between them ‘ is three inches or more. The pedal bone, its wings and lateral cartilages, the navicular bone, the broad expansion of the per- forans tendons, the bars, the plantar cushion, the velvety mem- brane of the sole and heels, the sensitive lamine, one or all of these may be encroached upon to a greater or lesser extent, de- pending upon the severity of the case. J. B. Coleman, M. R. C. V. S., and David Roeberge, a New York horseshoer, called attention to this condition as far back as 1876. Coleman expanded the heels by nailing an ordinary shoe (weakened at the toe) way back to the buttress and forcibly dilated the shoe with heels firmly attached, by means of a me- © chanical apparatus especially made for the purpose. He reported extraordinary success, and in addition to having relieved most all of the ordinary abnormal conditions of the foot, it is said that he claimed some success in the treatment of stringhalt and tetanus. Roeberge also recognized contraction as a frequent cause of obscure lameness, but laid especial stress upon what he called ‘the unbalanced foot bone.’’ Owing to the lack of proper care of horses’ feet, more particularly the young, he attributed most all of the abnormal conditions met with. He insisted upon having a colt’s foot made perfectly level and placed at the proper angle in conformity with the pastern and limb, at least once a month, believing that the slightest deviation from a perfect level would disturb the balance of the pedal bone, interfere with the proper action of the coffin joint and unfavorably affect the horn secreting structures, by increasing or decreasing the circulation at certain points. He was a strong advocate of expanding the heels and invented a spring, called the Roeberge hoof expander, 220 GEO. H. BERNS which afforded a rational, most effective and safe method of dilating contracted heels. It consists of a well-tempered steel spring made to fit into the lateral lacune of the frog, and when compressed its sharp pointed ends are pressed laterally into the bars at the angles of inflexion at each side, and by constant and moderate tension gradually produce dilatation of the heels. In the early spring of 1881 I was called to see a number of lame horses at the old Brooklyn Riding Academy. They had been used during the winter in the tanbark-covered ring as school horses only, and had been ridden mainly by ladies and children; my first impression was that most of them were suf- fering from navicular disease. They all had overgrown feet, badly contracted and boxy heels, and were shod with plain shoes, some of which had not been removed in two or three months. I selected three of the worst cases and had them sent to their own horseshceing establishment. Their fett were cut down to the white line uniting wall and sole, soles and bars pared until they yielded to pressure of thumb, lateral lacune thoroughly cleaned out to their very bottom, the shrunken remnant of the horny frogs either entirely removed or brought down to a level with the heels, and the plantar surface made absolutely level, and the heels opened up as deep as possible. Strong Roeberge hoof expanders were inserted, and the bottom of the feet well padded with a heavy layer of oakum and tar held in position by a stout piece of sole leather, over which perfectly fitted plain shoes were applied. When the animals were led out on the street they were hardly able to walk, and the manager of the academy telephoned that night that he had sent me three in- valids and that I had returned three perfect cripples, hardly | able to stand on their feet. I advised him to have patience fora . little while, for I expected an improvement in a few days. At the expiration of three days they moved about as well as they had before the operation, and after that they improved from day to day, and in about ten days they moved practically sound. The remainder of the school horses, about twelve in number, were subjected to the same treatment and all did well with the excep- tion of two, which, while much improved, remained lame, and turned out to be confirmed cases of navicular arthritis. In about three weeks we found the heels of most all of the horses ovelapping the shoes, and it became necessary to.remove and widen them at the heels. In a month or five weeks the animals were reshod, the springs removed, feet leveled, loose flakes. of LAMENESS OF OBSCURE ORIGIN 221 horn removed from soles, heels opened up a little deeper, but bars and frogs were left practically undisturbed. The springs were replaced and if conditions permitted, were set a little deeper in the heels. In another month, when the animals were reshod a wonderful transformation in the shape of their feet had taken place in most all of them. The heels were wide open, new, strong and well developed bars had formed, base of frogs widened and the soles had returned to their normal conditions. This experi- ment had made such a favorable impression upon the owner of the riding academy that almost every horse in the establishment, some fifty or more in number, were shod with hoof expanders. I now bought hoof expanders in large quantities and began to use them in all classes of horses, and continued their use until last year, when I retired from active practice. Up to about fifteen years ago all horses were shod with iron or steel shoes. Most work horses wore heel and toe calks to give them a foothold on our paved streets, and foot troubles, many of which, in my opinion primarily due to contraction, were speedily relieved by leveling their feet and the judicious appli- cation of springs. I firmly believe that many cases of incipient navicular disease were aborted by this method of treatment. In cases where one heel and quarter were contracted, the bar and sole on the affected side only were thinned down. Of late years I have used the Chadwick springs, for they are a decided improvement over the Roeberge springs, as they are much stronger, come in different sizes and admit of regulations of the amount of pressure desired. A full description and illustration of the Chadwick spring is found in Lungwitz & Adams’ excellent work on horseshoeing. In all cases I found a thick oakum pad. well saturated with tar and held in position by a leather sole indispensable. Since the introduction of the rubber pad, which permits sole and frog pressure and does not interfere with the natural ex- pansion and contraction of the foot, above referred to, foot lame horses are not as plentiful, but horses pulling heavy loads are still shod with calks, and as long as the stereotyped three calked shoe remains in use, contraction of the hoof in its various forms will be met with. | My reason for stating that probably 50 per cent. of all the obscure cases of lameness were located in the foot is based upon the fact that in a large number of instances absolutely nothing abnormal could be detected in the foot, but which gave a posi- 222 Cc. D. M’GILVRAY tive reaction to local anesthesia, were frequently relieved by judicious expansion and perfectly level shoeing. This, to my mind, proves that the slightest degree of inordi- nate pressure of any part of the keratogenie apparatus upon the sensitive structures within will produce lameness if continued for a sufficient length of time; whether due to contraction, ab- nomal height of heel, toe or any other part of the plantar surface. Having already oceupied too much of your valuable time, I will not refer to any of the other causes leading to obscure lameness, having in a measure covered the most important one. STALLION ENROLMENT.* C. D. McGtLtvray, Toronto, Canada. The enrolment of stallions for public service has for its attainment the improvement of horse breeding through a stand- ard of qualification for sires. To accomplish the desired purpose the enrolment require- ments must needs be restrictive in character so as to eliminate from public service stallions of undesirable type and poor con- formation. Also to discourage the use of unsound stallions likely to transmit their defects and to prevent the use of stallions other than those of recognized pure breeding. It would appear that the origin of legislation leading to the enrolment of stallions in Canada was largely due in the first instance to the initiative of Dr. J. G. Rutherford. He intro- duced in 1893 an act entitled the Horse Breeders Lien Act, which was passed by the Manitoba Legislature, of which he was then a member. ‘The essential feature of this act was that it only gave recognition to pure bred stallions registered in a recognized stud book. In the case, therefore, of a pure bred stallion it pro- vided for a lien registered on his get for a period of one year after their birth, and in the event of the service fee not being paid it entitled the owner of the stallion to seize and sell the colt to liquidate the amount due for service. To avail himself of this privilege the stallion owner was required to record his stallion in the department. While this act did not provide for compulsory enrolment or an inspection of the stallion, nevertheless it paved the way for future legislation of this nature. *Paper presented at 55th Annual-Meeting, A. V. M. A., Philadelphia, 1918. STALLION ENROLMENT 223 Further enactments in Manitoba requiring the enrolment of stallions for public service were promulgated from time to time until, during the year 1916, the recent Horse Breeders’ Act was made operative. As a basis of operation the act now provides that the owner of any stallion offering for public service in Manitoba shall obtain from the Department of Agriculture annually a certificate of enrolment. Also that every importer or breeder before offering a stallion for sale in Manitoba must enroll such stallion. Applications for enrolment are required to be accompanied by a bona fide pedigree certificate of registration and certificates of enrolment can be issued only for stallions which are pure bred and registered in an approved stud book recognized by the Canadian National Live Stock Records. In the case of stallions imported from the United States, not as yet recorded in the Canadian Records, they must be recorded in one of the following associations and have authentic certifi- cates of registration: For Percheron Horses—Percheron Society of America, Chi- eago, Ill. | For Clydesdale Horses—American Clydesdale Association, Chicago, Ill. For Hackney Horses—American Hackney Horse Society, New York, N. Y. : For Belgian Draft Horses—American Register of Belgian Draft Horses, Wabash, Ind. For Shire Horses—American Shire Horse Stud Book, We- nona, Ill. For Thoroughbred Horses—American Thoroughbred Stud Book, New York, N. Y. For Shetland Ponies—American Shetland Pony Stud Book, Lafayette, Ind. For Welsh Ponies—American Welsh Pony and Cob Stud Book. For Suffolk Punch Horses—American Suffolk Horse Stud Book, Jamesville, Wis. For Morgan Horses—American Morgan Register, Middle- bury, Vt. For Saddle Horses—American Saddle —— Register, Louis- ville, Ky. 224 Cc. D.. M’GILVRAY For French Coach Horses—American French Coach Horse Register, or the French Coach Horse Stud Book of America, Chicago, II. For Standard Bred Horses—American Trotting Register, Chicago, Ill. This provision effectively precludes the enrolment of grade stallions or those of unrecognized breeding. The act also requires all stallions to be examined by one or more specially authorized veterinary inspectors who are regis- tered members of the Veterinary Association of Manitoba; this places the inspection work in the hands of the veterinary pro- -fession. This inspection is necessary for the first enrolment and every three years thereafter, until the stallion is nine years of age. The examination deals with the breed-type, conforma- tion and soundness of the stallion and its desirability as a sire, in accordance therewith. These particulars are embodied in a certified report made by the veterinary inspector and transmitted to the Board of Enrolment for consideration and approval. The board consists of three members, one of which is a veterinarian, the other members representing the Horse Breeders’ Association and the Department of Agriculture, respectively. The board carefully consider the inspectors’ reports and examine the ped- igree certificates of registration and, in turn, recommend to the department their approval for enrolment or otherwise. The board has the power to reject by withholding their ap- proval of enrolment in the case of stallions considered to be unworthy as to breed-type and conformation and for unsound- ness. The decision of the board for enrolment or otherwise is endorsed by them on each report, together with their recom- mendation as to the form of certificate to be issued by the de- partment. The following diseases are specially named in the act as being unsoundness of an hereditary nature: Bone Spavin, Ring- bone, Navicular Disease, Chorea, Periodic Ophthalmia and Cat- aract, also Bog Spavin, Thoroughpin, Curb and Sidebone, the latter conditions particularly when accompanied by defective conformation or structural weakness. The omission of Roaring from the list of scheduled diseases is owing to the fact that its hereditary nature is still a disputed question. With regard to the form of enrolment certificates granted, four schedule forms are provided, designated respectively as Schedule A, B, C, and D, as follows: STALLION ENROLMENT 225 Schedule A is made use of for stallions of recognized pure breeding which have been examined and are considered worthy as to breed-type and conformation and found to be free from unsoundness of an hereditary nature, as set forth in the act. This statement is embodied in the enrolment certificate issued. Schedule B is made use of for stallions of recognized pure breeding which have been examined and considered worthy as to breed-type but found to be affected with one of the forms of unsoundness set forth in the act. Indication of the exact form of unsoundness is embodied in the enrolment certificate issued. Schedule C is an interim certificate of enrolment, which may be used for stallions of recognized pure breeding andi consid- ered to be somewhat unfavorable otherwise, but which are re- quired for temporary service in outlying districts, or until better stallions become available for use in the district. Schedule D is also an interim certificate of enrolment made use of for stallions of recognized pure breeding, for which appli- eation for enrollment have been received, but which are awaiting examination by the inspector. Upon examination being made, and the inspector’s report received and considered, certificate of enrolment is issued in the form of Schedule A, B, or C, as the case may require. When a stallion is rejected for enrolment by the board, and the owner is not satisfied with the decision, provision is made whereby he may protest. In such cases the protest requires to be accompanied by a deposit of thirty-five dollars and a declara- tion by the owner as to his belief that the stallion in question is entitled to enrolment. These evidences of good faith being fur- nished by the protestant, entitles an examination of the stallion by an independent arbitration board composed of three experts, _ one of which is appointed by the department, one by the owner, and the third mutually agreed upon by the two first appointed. Where the protest is based on a question of unsoundness, the arbitration board requires: to be composed of three qualified veterinary surgeons of good repute. Should the decision of the arbitration board be that the stallion in question i is entitled to en- rolment under the act, the expenses incurred are paid by the department and the deposit money is returned to the owner. If the decision of the arbitration board be otherwise, the expenses incurred are to be paid by the person making the protest out of the thirty-five dollars deposited. Where its various provisions are complied with, the act en- titles the owner of a stallion to file a lien on the foal gotten by such stallion, and, at a fixed time, to seize and sell the foal at 226 Cc: D. M’GILVRAY public auction to obtain payment of unpaid fees. The course of procedure in these cases, and the statement of lien, are specific- ally outlined in this act, thus obviating the inecurrence of legal expense. ‘ The act also provides that the owner of any stallion offering for public service in Manitoba shall keep posted, in certain places during the breeding season, a true copy of the certificate of enrolment of such stallion. It is further provided that the owner of an unenroled stallion shall not have route bills or breeding cards printed or posted, nor shall. he charge or receive any service fees. Violations of the essential provisions of the act are punish- able by fine on conviction before any two justices of the peace or by a police magistrate. Coincident with the adoption of advanced legislate: such as the Horse Breeders’ Act of Manitoba, undoubtedly many problems naturally appear for solution. While the horse breed- ing industry is well advanced throughout the older settled dis- tricts, there is still a comparative shortage of stallions of good merit in.the newly settled districts, a condition to be expected. To adopt a standard of qualification in breed-type and con- formation suitable for all districts in the province is by no means an easy matter. The selection of type in most breeds has heretofore been largely a matter of inclination which varied according to the different fancies of the individual. As time advances and the number of stallions increases there will naturally follow a wider basis for selection and a more stringent and uniform standard of qualification can ensue. This | is important, as no great progress can be made so long as the breeding stock consists of individuals of poor type and defective conformation. While the present act has only been in operation for a period of two years, it has already eliminated from public service the grade stallion. Material progress is being made on a good foun- dation, and if consistently maintained beneficial results to the horse breeding industry in Manitoba should be accomplished through the Enrolment and Inspection of Stallions. Dr. M. V. Spingstun has been transferred from the work of tick eradication, Baton Rouge, La., to such work on the Fort Worth, Texas, force. THE HOG IN RELATION TO MUNICIPAL GARBAGE." C. B. PALMER, Easton, Pennsylvania. The duty that lies plain is not always the most pleasing. Duty, I take it, is the manner of doing what one should do rather than what he desires to do. Sometimes the two are concordant— more often they are not. In time of war, duty, us an eminent issue, is written large. The love for one’s country stands on a level with one’s love for his family. Many of us have a tendency to accept the security and benefits of our country without a grave discernment of promise or duty. However, in our present need this obligation is being met. Veterinarians are as keenly alive to it as others. For the first time the American people, and therefore the allied nations as a whole, are facing a possible occurrence of a serious shortage of food and clothing. The position is understood, but the Goy- ernment must have men for its burdens overseas, and it must have munitions, clothing and food for its soldiers. To furnish the army and the people at home with the necessary animal prod- ucts, there must be a greater efficiency; not only in obviating losses from disease but in production, and in my opinion both are functions of the veterinary profession. In his relation to the development and conservation of our live stock industry, the veterinarian occupies a most momentous and unequaled position. The opinion of live stock owners, various legislative bodies, and others, towards the profession, is dependent a great deal upon the veterinarian himself. I have no thought to-day, gentlemen, of giving you a scien- tific discourse, but rather to bring to you a thought which I dare say is no new one to many of you, and that is ‘‘The Hog in Relation to Municipal Garbage.”’ Some time ago the United States Department of Agriculture sent out letters to municipal authorities urging them to have their garbage analyzed, as it would convince the most skeptical of the vast amounts of bread, meat and-edible fats that found their way to the garbage pail. In fact, it pointed out that annually tons of valuable foodstuffs for animals are lost to the food supply of the nation by the usual garbage reduction and incineration methods. Reduction has been profitable because the American garbage pail is rich in fats, averaging 4 per cent. * Address before the 55th Annual Meeting, A. V. M. A., Philadelphia, 1918. 228 c. B. PALMER before the war, whereas German garbage rarely showed 1 per cent. As the saving or thrift idea grows, there will be less and less fats thrown away, and this will make reduction of garbage for the recovery of oils hardly worth while. But, even if all fats are eliminated and all waste of bread and cereal and meats is re- duced to a minimum, city garbage will still contain, in the form of parings, plate scraps and trimmings, materials which should be conserved and used as feed for hogs and poultry. Approxi- mately fifteen to twenty pounds of garbage are required per day for a fattening hog of 125 to 200 pounds, depending on the char- acter of the garbage. It has been estimated that four tons of garbage are required to grow a pig to 200 pounds, the feeding period extending from ten to twelve months. But as long as people are so careless as to allow such foreign substances as waste paper, tin cans, and broken crockery and glass to get into their garbage, it can never reach its full usefulness. Hogs are not reckoned. fastidious, but even they can hardly thrive on a diet which contains broken electric light bulbs and. phonograph needles. In the end it all comes down—as does everything else in war times—to the neecssity of widespread individual effort. It is only by such effort that large war problems are to be solved, and the matter of garbage utilization is such a problem, for it con- cerns the salvage of valuable resources for industry and food which might otherwise be lost. The first question to be asked from a sanitary point of view is whether garbage-fed pork is fit for human food. The very fact that the United States Department of Agriculture comes out boldly and advocates this feeding method (printing Cireular No. 80, entitled, ‘‘ Disposal of City Garbage by Feeding to Hogs’’), hardly makes an explanation necessary. Experts have investi- gated this subject from many angles, and for many years. They have all come to the same conclusion, that there is no danger te ‘man from this system of hog feeding. In my opinion, hogs do not become diseased primarily because they are fed on garbage, but rather this is due more to the conditions under which they are kept. According to a statement issued by the City of Worcester, during one year 2,276 hogs were sold to a packing company, all being fed entirely on the city garbage. Eleven were condemned by United States meat inspectors.. This was less than one-half of 1 per cent.—a loss much less than among THE HOG AND MUNICIPAL GARBAGE 229 — inspected hogs coming to the same packers from farms of the West. We are told by Hon. Gifford Pinchot, at Easton, that the only way to get fats and meat was to raise pigs, feeding them corn. To do that you are simply converting one kind of food into another. Easton had a few men who saw the real need for more fats and meats, and about this time Dr. Edward Hart, professor of chemistry at Lafayette College, suggested to our Easton Rotary Club that we feed our city garbage to pigs and that they appoint a committee to investigate and report on what could be done. I was fortunate enough to be placed on this committee. It makes me laugh now to think what the committee had to go through before the proposition was taken up by the city. At our weekly Rotary luncheons our appearance was always an occasion for the members to either hold their noses or grunt like pigs, but I had in mind the old adage, ‘‘He laughs best who laughs last.’? I can say to you to-day we are laughing last and best. : | ; The committee found that the hardest work was to get the city commisioners interested or to think seriously of the project. One of them, who at the start, was very bitter against the city piggery, is now, since he has seen the piggery become sys- tematized, so enthusiastic that he is receiving complaints on account of spending too much time watching the pigs grow. Once convinced, our Council acted promptly. They bought an old wornout farm of 100 acres, three miles from the city, erected temporary pens and began to buy pigs and feed them the city garbage. To the average man this seems to be all that is nec- essary to raise pigs. Our city fathers were warned by me not to go and buy pigs, without first being sure that they were healthy and that they came from healthy herds. In spite of this, they went out and bought and placed in the herd already on the farm pigs affected with hog cholera. It was not long before I was called to make a diagnosis, rather a post mortem. The findings proved to be hog cholera. I at once wired Dr. T. E. Munee, acting State Veteri- narian, and he promptly sent Pennsylvania State serum by spe- cial messenger, and I injected the entire herd, their temperatures ranging from 103° to 107°. It was less than twenty-four hours from the time the diagnosis was made until the serum was in the pigs. The result of this quick action was that we only lost two. I am giving the serum the credit of saving the City of Easton 230 c. B. PALMER $1,062, which was the amount paid for the pigs that were on the farm at the time of the outbreak. A client, a farmer, who bought pigs at the same sy ee and from the same farm as the city, lost, from June 2d to June 9th, 3,290 pounds of pig. He did not use serum, nor did he consult a veterinarian until the ninth day after he first noticed symp- toms of disease in the herd. As I said before, the City of Easton boneki a wornout farm, and our idea is to raise outdoor pigs. They are utilized in cleaning off the scrub from waste land, and by so doing will improve it. Only the large stumps will remain after a season. About forty pigs to the acre are allowed in each compartment, which compartments are fenced off with four-foot hog wire, with stakes driven in as posts. Arrangements have been made so that the different herds can be driven into the feeding platform in an adjacent compartment and afterwards returned to their own runs. The feeding is done on platforms mounted on skids so as to allow the same to be moved when the ground around the platforms becomes foul. Platforms are shovel-cleaned daily, and the material is utilized on the adjacent farm as fertilizer, being turned under in the furrow. The colony houses are made portable and on skids; knockdown construction. After a suit- able time the old ruins and feeding yards are plowed under and seeded down—the pigs having been transferred to fresh ground. The American Army is turning camp waste into dollars. At many of the camps the officers and men, like the civilian popu- lation of the country, have taken a voluntary interest in conser- vation and the War Department is encouraging it in every way. The camps are annually saving Uncle Sam $1,500,000 in waste and garbage, increasing the annual output of pork by approxi- mately 20,000,000 pounds, with a market value exceeding $3,000,000. Gentlemen, our piggery is only in its infaney, an experiment, if you will. I will feel it a favor if any of you who have had experience in this line will tip us off. I have simply explained: our plans, hoping that they might persuade or interest a suffi- cient number of the members present to go and do likewise, with this thought uppermost—‘‘make the hog help win the war.’’ Dr. J. R. Love, formerly of the Baton Rouge, La., force, has been called into the service, being commissioned Second Lieu- tenant and assigned to Camp Lee, Petersburg, Virginia. ee er ee ee re ee ee ee ge ge FOOD SUPPLY PROBLEMS AND THE VETER- INARIAN’S RESPONSIBILITY.* L. M. StecKEL, New York, N. Y. We are in the midst of a great world conflict to vindicate the principles of right and justice to all the peoples of the earth, and, therefore, it is our paramount duty to invest our might and main in the accomplishment of this noble mission. Many’ factors are immediately concerned in the successful prosecution of this war—men, ammunition, ships, clothing, and food. Of these, the food supply problem has engaged the atten- tion of the entire world. Do you realize what a stupendous task it is to provide an adequate food supply to our forces over- seas? But this is not all. Not only must we assure the full provisioning of all our own military forces and the civil popu- lation at home, but we are also pledged to share our food re- sources with our heroic allies, and even give our part to the hungry, breadless neutrals. And, not alone must adequate pro- vision be made for a continuous food supply, but in order to maintain the health and vigor of the people, the food must be sound, safe, wholesome and nutritious. In a recent agricultural bill before our Congress, an appro- priation, as a war measure, having been asked to cover expenses to be incurred in the extermination of prairie dogs and other predatory animals in the West and Southwest, a question was raised by a timid Congressman as to what prairie dogs in Kansas have to do with winning the war in Flanders. Although the humor of a question of this kind is perfectly apparent, I wonder whether you sense the deep and fundamental importance that exists in the connection between prairie dogs in Kansas and win- ning the war in Flanders. Let me inform you that the live stock losses due to the ravages of these predatory animals are appalling, and we are penalized with the diminution of much needed beef and mutton. In the State of New Mexico alone the annual loss is 34,000 head of cattle and 165,000 sheep. This is equivalent to destroying a dozen sheep on each of fourteen thousand farms. Perhaps the greatest loss which the agricultural and live stock interests sustain, namely, a total of $200,000,000 annually, *Address delivered before the Veterinary Medical Association of New York en October 2, 1918. 232 L. M. STECKEL is due to the many contagious and infectious diseases. This is a high toll indeed when you consider the reduced food supply entailed thereby. ‘The shortage of fat, wool and leather is as- suming serious proportions. We produce annually about one and a half billion dozen eggs, and it is estimated that about one- fifth of this is wasted and spoiled on the farms and on the way to the consumer. The food value of this waste is enormous. Again, our total annual production of dairy and creamery butter amounts to about 1,650,000,000 pounds, which releases about 33,- 046,000,000 pounds of skim milk and buttermilk, and we find most of this valuable food is wasted. The food thus lost and wasted would be sufficient to feed the people of Belgium and Serbia for more than a year. By authority of the United States Food Administration it is stated, that since the war began there has been a world decrease in food animals of about 28,000,000 cattle, 55,000,000 sheep and 33,000,000 hogs, and is continuing from day to day. The re- duction of food animals involves not alone the supply of meat and dairy products, but also fats, wool, leather, and other by- products. Even after the war the European countries will nec- essarily be compelled to rely upon us for a long time to furnish them large quantities of animal products, and their depleted herds will have to be replenished as rapidly as possible. It is then our duty to produce food for these peoples. Of equal importance with food production is the problem of food preservation and conservation. At this time, particularly when our need is so great, it is a flagrant crime to waste an ounce of food or to neglect its preservation and conservation: Salvage must be our watchword. Our military authorities have taken concrete steps to guard against any possible food waste at the camps and cantonments. Through experiments conducted by nutrition experts it was found that the waste of food per man per day could be reduced from over one pound to less than a half-pound. On this basis for an army of two million men the annual savings would amount to over forty million dollars. Aside from these, there is still another vital question which requires our serious attention. I refer to Child Conservation. Upon the infants and the children of to-day we must depend for the reconstruction and rehabilitation of a world now dis- organized and torn by war. Happily, there are a number of unselfish men and women in each community, Child Welfare Committees, working in codperation with the health authorities a? ee HS es A ee FOOD SUPPLY AND THE VETERINARIAN’S RESPONSIBILITY 233 towards the better care of the children in the matter of a proper food supply and the prevention of disease. What are the responsibilities of the veterinarian in these problems? The veterinarian in his role of animal economist plays an important part in this world drama. His stage and sphere of activity embraces a large and varied repertoire. Whether in the army or civil life, he aids in the protection of the lives of men by guarding against the communicable diseases from animals to humans; he is the guide and advisor to the farmer, the breeder, and army remount staff, and above all he is the expert in the treatment of the sick and wounded of our dumb animals. The veterinarians are fully aware of their responsibility to the public. It is but too early to foget their indefatigable work in the recent outbreak of ‘‘foot and mouth disease’’ and how completely they banished that scourge from our shores. They have pledged their services in the great crusade for the elimina- tion of tuberculosis from our dairy herds, and they are seriously engaged in the eradication of contagious abortion, anthrax, blackleg, scabies and Texas fever from our cattle, the elimination of glanders, influenza and mange from our horses, the control and reduction of hog cholera and swine plague, and the extermi- . nation of pests and infestations among our sheep. In the field of meat and milk hygiene, the veterinarian is doing his full duty in guarding against the possible release and consumption of unsound meat and dairy products. From the time the animal leaves the farm or ranch to the time the meat is ready for the home or mess kitchen it is under the watchful eye of the veterinary inspector. Up to date, of the millions of tons of meats and meat products supplied to our armies, practically no complaint has been made against the inspection forces, nor have they found any putrid or decomposed meat which came from inspected establishments. What a wonderful comparison with the conditions that existed in the war of 1898. The Fed- eral Bureau of Animal Industry, with its super-efficient organi- zation, deserves special credit for its lead in these epoch-making achievements. We must, however, exert our efforts still further, and with your permission I shall point out some of the lines along which the veterinarian may render additional aid: He should give his expert services in the matter of increased production of food and food animals, the improvement in the breeding of farm live 234 L. D. GOSS AND JOS. P. SCOTT stock, the proper care and feeding of our domestic animals, the increased production of fats, wool and leather, to stimulate an interest in‘dairy sanitation and an increased milk produc- tion; he should take a leading part in the health and welfare movements in his community, and, above all, he should give his very careful attention to the cure and treatment of the sick and the eradication of the infectious and contagious diseases among our animals. I cannot leave without a word of tribute to the Army Vet- erinary Corps. From a mere handful of men, it was necessary to expand the veterinary service to meet the unprecedented con- ditions in a war of such magnitude. With patriotic fervor they came forward, from the classroom and field, teacher and practi- tioner, to joint the Army of Liberation. Now, as a Division of our great Army Medical Department, the Veterinary Corps, here and across the sea, is creditably fulfilling its obligation. The good work and efficiency of the men have already called forth high praise from our and the allied army commanders. And, as the veterinarians in the army service are doing their full share towards the final triumph of winning the war, the veterinarians in civil life, in their many and varied activities, are adding their mite to aid this great cause. Their coopera- . tion with the medical fraternity in the promotion of health and sanitation, and with the agricultural leaders in the development of a bigger and broader agriculture, to the end that a safe and sufficient food supply may be assured the people in this great land, is a worthy contribution to the progress of the World and the welfare of Humanity. STANDARDIZATION OF BLACKLEG VACCINE.* LEONARD W. Goss and JosgepH P. Scott, Kansas Experiment Station. Horses, when injected with 20 to 120 mil. subcutaneously, or with 50 to 400 mil. intraveneously of B. Chauvei in 5 to 7 doses at intervals of seven days, will produce a serum which has ex- cellent protective properties against blackleg virus. The serum will also effect a cure when injected into cattle in the early stages of the disease. Tables I and II show a test of the serum from horses 2, 18, 27, 25, 26, 3, 15, 6, 24, 25, 26, and one normal horse. Twenty-five mil. *Paper presented at 55th Annual Meeting; A. M. V. A., Philadelphia, 1918. STANDARDIZATION OF BLACKLEG VACCINE 235 of blood was drawn from the jugular vein of each horse nine days after an injection of culture of B. Chauvei. After the clot had formed it was pressed to one side with a needle and .55 mil. of the clear serum was withdrawn and injected into each of the three guinea pigs. Fifteen hours later each of the guinea pigs was given 125 mg. of powdered muscle from a blackleg lesion of a ealf. In all cases when none of the three guinea pigs died within two days, the horse was bled upon the third day after the test blood was drawn. This was the case with horses 27, 25, 26, 3, 6, 25 and 26, while horses 2, 18, 15, 24 and the normal were not bled. The 125 mg. of muscle is about 50 mld. as the mld. of the muscle powder used was 2.5 mg. This shows that .55 mil. of the horse serum will protect a guinea pig against blackleg when in- jected with about 50 mld. of virus, administered fifteen hours following the serum. It is shown in Table II that the serum from a normal horse failed to protect any of the three guinea pigs for even one day. Table III is a test of serum 36. This serum contains the serum taken from seven horses which have passed according to Tables I and II. Three guinea pigs were each given .05 mil. of the serum and fifteen hours later they were each given .5 mil. of culture virus. All three of these guinea pigs lived. Three guinea pigs were given .02 mil. of serum and fifteen hours later they were each given .d mil. of culture virus. But one of these pigs lived. The other two died upon the second day. Three guinea pigs were given .01 mil. of serum and fifteen hours later they were given .o mil. of culture virus. One of these died upon the first day and two upon the second. One guinea pig which did not eceive serum was given .05 mil. of virus and one was given .1 mil. of virus. Each one of these guinea pigs died upon the second day. This shows that .05 mil. of this virus is sufficient to kill an unprotected guinea pig. As .05 mil. of virus will kill a normal guinea pig and .05 mil. of immune serum will protect a guinea pig against .5 mil. of virus, it would seem to indicate that immune serum in quantities of .55 mil. will protect guinea pigs against 110 mb. of culture virus. In Tables I and II it shows that .55 mil. of immune: horse serum will protect against 50 mld. of muscle virus at the time when the animal is test bled. Table III would seem to indicate that the blood upon the day of bleeding was much more potent than upon the day of testing. However, there may be some difference in the reaction between the muscle virus and the pure 236 L. D. GOSS AND JOS. P. SCOTT culture virus, as the muscle virus undoubtedly contains other organisms besides blackleg. The high protective properties of serum, in the guinea pig, against the blackleg virus will account for the curative properties of serum when used upon cattle dur- ing the early stages of blackleg infection. A part of the aggressins and filtrates used in the follasninea tests were purchased in the open market and in testing they have been used indiscriminately. The results are shown in Tables IV, V, VII and VIII. Table V shows that 24 guinea pigs were used in testing three filtrates, eight pigs to each filtrate. They were given doses from 2 to 5 mil. Eleven days following they were each given 5 mld. of culture virus. This table shows that 50 per cent of the guinea pigs in the entire test died of blackleg. Of the pigs receiving 2 mil. 33 per cent were protected; of those receiving 3 mil. 50 per cent were protected; of those receiving 4 mil. 50 per cent; of those receiving 5 mil. 66 per cent. This would indicate that the 5 mil. of filtrate gives a little more protection than 2, 3 or 4 mil. Table IV shows that 24 guinea pigs were used in testing three aggressins. Eight guinea pigs were used upon each aggressin, two of which were given 2 mil., two were given 3 mil., two were given 4 mil., and two were given 5 mil. Eleven days afterward they were each given 5 mld. of virus. Of the entire number of pigs receiving 2 mil. 33 per cent were protected; of those receiv- ing 3 mil. 66 per cent were protected; of those receiving 4 mil. 50 per cent; and of those receiving 5 mil. 50 per cent. On the whole, 50 per cent of the guinea pigs were protected. This table would seem to indicate that 3 mil. gave more protection than any of the other size doses. To summarize the results shown in Tables IV and V, of the 24 guinea pigs with which aggressins were tested, 50 per cent died; also of the 24 guinea pigs with which filtrates were tested, 50 per cent died.. As a means of testing or standardizing ag- gressins and filtrates it would seem that this method is not very efficient, as there is so little difference in the protective properties of 3 and 5 mil. that it would make it difficult to detect the vari- ation of the different products which were tested by this method. It would seem in some instances one product might have twice the protective properties of another and still show a smaller degree of protection upon this test. It will be noticed that these guinea pigs have received from 1/5 to 5/5 of a dose of vaccine required to protect cattle and that 5 mld. of virus have killed STANDARDIZATION OF BLACKLEG VACCINE 237 50 per cent. This would seem to indicate that the highest degree of active immunity developed in the guinea pig is of a rather low degree. On that account it probably is possible to produce nearly as much immunity in a guinea pig with 3 mil. as with 5 mil. of ageressin or filtrate. The volume of the dose of all concentrated vaccines was brought up to 5 mil. by the addition of sterile water. The material used in Table VI was a pure culture of B. Chauvei which was washed by centrifuging three times, then sufficient water was added to bring the material up to the orig- inal volume. This shows that the guinea pigs receiving .1, .2, 4 and .8 mil. lived, while the guinea pig receiving 1.6 mil. of washed culture died; and the guinea pig receiving .05 mil. of the unwashed culture died. Accordingly, it takes 31 times as much of the washed culture to kill a guinea pig as of the unwashed culture, which would indicate that the culture contains a toxic or aggressive substance and that, through washing, the greater portion of this toxic or aggressive substance has been removed. Table VII shows a test of five products—A, B, C, D and E— part of which are aggressins and part filtrates. In these tests all guinea pigs were injected with 1 mil. of normal horse serum. Five guinea pigs were used upon each product. To each one of the guinea pigs, on the following day after having received the 1 mil. of normal horse serum, was given 1 mld., of virus and 1, 2, 3,4 and 5 mil., respectively, of aggressin. Of the five guinea pigs given A those receiving 4 and 5 mil. died; of the guinea pigs given B, the one receiving 4 mil. died; of the guinea pigs given C, the one receiving 4 mil. died; of the guinea pigs given D, the one receiving 4 and 5 mil. died; of the guinea pigs given E, those receiving 2, 3, 4 and 5 mil. died. In this test, the guinea pigs receiving the larger doses died; this would indicate that there was an aggressive action in these products which has a neutralizing action upon the serum. Thus the serum is not able to protect the guinea pig against the virus given. If this is the case, an ag- gressin which contains a large amount of aggressive substance will kill the guinea pigs. On the tests A, B, C, D and E the conclusion is that E should be a more efficient product for im- munizing than any of the others. Table VIII shows a potency test of the serum of a normal horse. In this test it is noted that .5 mil. of the serum when injected into guinea pigs protected those which had received iF .2, 4, 6, .8 and 1. mil. of culture virus injected fifteen hours after the serum was injected. This shows that .5 mil. of normal horse 238 L. D. GOSS AND JOS. P. SCOTT serum will protect against 1. mil. of virus, which is equal to 10 mid. Accordingly, 1. mil. of normal horse serum should protect against 20 mld. of culture virus. Referring to Table VII it will be seen that the guinea pig which received 1 mil. of normal horse serum and 1 mld. of virus and 2 mil. of the aggressive product E, died. According to Table VIII, 1 mil. of normal horse serum protects a guinea pig against 20 mld. Therefore, the mid. value of 2 mil. of E would be 20 less than the 1 mld. of culture virus injected at the same time, or 19 mld. Accordingly, 5 mil., or a calf dose, would contain 2.5 times as much, or 47.5 mld., which would be the aggressive value of E. C seems to have the least action, as 5 mil. was of sufficient strength to kill a guinea pig; therefore, it would have a value of 19 mld. The old powder vaccine on the market has a value of about 1 mld. to each dose; therefore, the aggressive products in Table VII should be from 19 to 47.5 times as aggressive as the powder vaccines. CONCLUSIONS. 1. Serum ean be made from the horse, by injecting cultures of B. Chauveei, which will protect guinea pigs from blackleg, when they are injected with 0.5 mil. of culture virus (10 mld.) if they receive .02 mil. of the serum fifteen hours previous to the injection of virus. 2. Aggressins and filtrates in quantities of 2-5 mil. will pro- duce an active immunity in eleven days, which will only protect 50 per cent of the guinea pigs when given 5 mid. of culture virus. 3. A normal horse produced a serum which was capable of protecting guinea pigs against 10 mld. of culture virus when in- jected with .5 mil. of the serum fifteen hours previous to the in- jection of the virus. 4. The pathogenic properties of B. Chauvei cultures are greatly reduced by washing. 5. Blackleg aggressins and filtrates have an aggressive action which seems to neutralize the protective action of serum. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS. The laboratory standardization of anti-blackleg serum is a comparatively simple procedure. On the other hand, the stand- ardization of aggressin and filtrate is somewhat more difficult, as STANDARDIZATION OF BLACKLEG VACCINE 239 the highest active immunity which can be produced in guinea pigs is of a low degree. However, the neutralization of the serum by the aggressin or filtrate seems to give a method by which the value of the product may be measured. TABLM TEST OF HORSES FOR IMMUNE SERUM. ‘ Serum Muscle Virus 5 > £ 3 ‘3 ot ae os ery a & fe | § 5 Pedi is e) 20a ore o bp o + = : - = = ~ i C) O85 Es S ES 3 o S Zz e a A < A = R 2 414 500 55 9/17 125 9/18 5D. S Dead 415 500 “se se “eé ce pA a ee 416 470 “e “ce e “é EX a 18 417 500 . oy = es Dead 418 300 iy vic pe sy pm 22m 419 450 = ee it af 2X 2x 27 420 360 $i 33 As ie 2x 2X 421 300 & * ‘ “ 2X 2X 422 560 ff a e f 2X 2x 25 484 270 0) 9/24 rs 9/25 2 2x 495 360 ty on os 5 2x 2X 496 250 ee ni — be 2X 2X 26 497 250 _ * ve “ 2X 2X 498 250 “ * ae “ ox | 2X 499 300 as tie ss “6 2X 9X 3 483 560 « “ « « 2X - 494 250 si “2 ae « OX oe 485 250 a ss bed ‘é ox 2X 15 486 350 2c *€6 “ “ x | 487 250 ™ oh a x | ox 488 250 ef oe = “5 2x Dead 1X, 2X and 3X indicate the degree of the :esion. 240 L. D. GOSS AND JOS. P. SCOTT TABLE II. TEST OF HORSES FOR IMMUNE SERUM. Guinea Pig . Tejected ad Results ; > <4 3 Z 5 " g fa) C0) rae ye n a6 | & bo} C) 3 a Bl BON. ae A 2 A a & 6 619 300 55 10/22 125 10/23 2x 2x 620 330 By ss : 2X 2x 621 360 e = i oh. 2x 2X 24 622 420 4 as a Ae 3X 3x 623 400 + sae ne oh 3X 2x 624 300 - ss = ite 3X Dead 25 625 240 re 4 s es 2x 2X 626 300 cg oF . a 3X 2X 627 270 of # ris os 2x 2x 26 628 300 x “ “ ss 2X 2X 629 360 " ve \ ef 2X 2X 630 330 id ad a ag 3X 2x aa * 655 270 vid 10/29 ip 10/30 Dead 656 270 "N ht ee 5 Dead 657 270 i 34 ved * Dead *Normal. TABLE III. POTENCY TEST OF BLACKLEG SERUM. Guinea Pig Serum Injected “ea Results 3 > oa rey as ry H ZE 5 e = af 2s 2 os 2 2 5 fe) 3S « oa Z a 4" A a” A & 3 60 300 05 2/14 5 2/15 OK OK 61 360 3 oy ne “s OK OK 62 420 * 4g ” fe OK OK 63 330 02 ti ‘ * 1x OK 64 330 i ie a 38x Dead 65 300 a 2 fe * 3X Dead | | 66 390 01 a Ae ie? Dead 67 390 $! i ge 4 OK Dead 68 330 sae mo “e me 3x ) Dead 75 240 .05 2/15 1X Dead 76 270 1 ey 1X Dead STANDARDIZATION OF BLACKLEG VACCINE 241 TABLE IV. : POTENCY TEST WITH AGGRESSINS. AGGRESSIN A. Guinea Pig as Virus Injected . Results G5 of 2 es 2 S = 5 3 3 Z, BS am A am A 8t3 720 2 4/9 5 4/20 OK 314 360 “ee ee ce se Dead 815 390 3 “e “ce 73 OK 316 390 “é se “ec ce OK 317 860 “e e ce Dead 318 360 <é sé ee “ce Dead 319 390 5 ne 2 ue OK 320 860 se ce ce “é Dead AGGRESSIN B. | 363 360 2 4/16 5 yr. 4/29 Dead 364 360 8 5 i > Dead 365 300 zh ¢ a K 366 360 is ss if oi Dead 367 360 ar a - OK 368 270 se 5 . : Dead 369 240 5 . - * OK 378 360 Ke < zh ie OK AGGRESSIN C. | 370 300 4/16 5 4/27 OK 371 300 = $5 * i Dead ie | He fe | - se “ce ce sé D 374 249 “ “ “ Ko 375 240 ? “é “é se OK 376 300 5 ce oe “e Dead 377 360 = af * bi Dead _L. D. GOSS AND JOS. P. SCOTT 242 ek TABLE V.- ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION WITH FILTRATES. A : Guinea Pig Filtrate Injected Virus Injected Results go |. 3 Z cE 6 g ss 2 6 g eS: 3 as 3 Z, Ee am A 4 A 305 360 2 4/9 5 4/20 Dead 306 270 fs “¢ ie ae Dead 807 390 ae “ee ee oe OK 308 860 oe “é + se OK 309 330 4 . sf mo OK 310 510 i 44 es re Dead 311 -330 a $ e Dead 312 360 = sf es a OK B | 347 300 2 4/16 5 4/27 OK 348 360 ae af ss ee Dead 349 270 3 vy si a Dead 350 330 i be . 03 Dead 351 300 4 € ss a Dead 352 330 ay a ie: is OK 353 270 5 sy 2 ne OK 354 240 ae x ie hs Dead Bs 355 360 2 af 2 - Dead 356 360 -é “ce “ ee OK 357 300 3 oe oe e OK 858 800 “e oe ee “ee OK 359 240 4 a7 oe se OK 360 270 ~ “ os Dead 361 270 5 ? re ies OK 362 360 te 3 Bf OK TABLE VI. TEST SHOWING THE MLD. OF WASHED AND UNWASHED CULTURE VIRUS. WASHED. Guinea Pig Culture Virus Injected Results Deas fl 6 3 a ; 3 = oe E 2 ~ 2s ee 2 7 5 C) Me oe b= g Z EO a* a E 8 | 69 360 vk 2/15 OK OK 70 300 ie rs OK OK 71 390 .4 we OK OK Te 450 -8 e OK OK us 210 Les ee OK | Dead UNWASHED. 74 240 .05 ee 2X Dead STANDARDIZATION OF BLACKLEG VACCINE 243 yer dy @TABLE VIL, TEST SHOWING THE AGGRESSIVE ACTION OF AGGRESSIN AND FILTRATE. Virus and, Age. or Filt. F ‘+ | Normal Serum Injected ® Results Guinea Pig Injected -Agg. or i Virus Filt. 3 2 S S S io} Si | 32 | as BH E wipes re) o & Z os pn ms Rhee pk ve ig cis a asich Bee 494 | 390 | 1 5/20 1 1 5/21 | OK | OK 495 450 . ES os 2 bel OK OK 496 480 oe eid ss 3 a" OK OK 497 360 f ey - 4 “H OK Dead 498 480 ce ce ce 5 ce KS | Dead B 509 330 a 5/27 = 1 5/28 OK OK 510 330 i) ue 2 & OK OK 511 360 Ps 3 #8 3 cay OK OK 512 240 Br Ms 4 t¢ OK Dead 513 390 fF ae = 5 * OK Oo SS 514 330 Ey = cr 1 a OK OK 515 | 240 oe s — 2 &§ OK OK 516 360 rz sé se 3 “ec OK OK 517 | 270 de “s Ee 4 Ka wX Dead 518 270 i “4 o 5 fy fo OK D | 569 200. 5 6/12 ef if 6/13 OK 2 OR: 570 300 1s = sy 2 cs OF OC: 571 300 *: om 7 3 fo OK | OK 572 | 300 if ee “ 4 Dead | 573 200 ‘ "5 | « | 5 a | Dead | E | H | | 574 200 = <5 66 t ‘ce H 575 300 nf $) 2 | “a | Bend st 576 | 250 |. “ ag a 3 “ Dead | 577 200 2 E efs 4 | 43 Dead | 578 | 325 = 5 « | Dead | TABLE VIII. POTENCY TEST OF THE SERUM OF A NORMAL HORSE. Guinea Pig | Serum Injected | Virus Injected Results Horse rs z : ~ a <2 bes fav} rie 5 i < F { a iy 25 . ; = = D S fe} oS oS a 9 7, Eo am al am a i PD Normal 776 325 , Sone hese 795 300 a ¢ 4.25 i 3x Dead 796 30” sie i geal 3) Sibert [vee aa a OBSERVATIONS ON THE USE OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS.* Dr Coe. SALSBERY. We sometimes wonder that veterinarians do not become weary, listening to papers and discussions on biological products, espe- cially when presented and agitated by commercial houses. At the same time, so many inquiries are received regarding the use, efficiency and application of these products that it seems they do not remember what has been so often repeated or else they do not attend meetings where these subjects are presented. Let it be understood that the points presented in this paper are entirely from correspondence and reports on file from veter- | inarians in practice and not from personal observation. We may have our own ideas regarding the theoretical application of bio- logical products based on the scientific investigations of compe- tent men, both in the laboratory and in the field, and whatever personal suggestions or ideas are incorporated in this article should be considered as only supplementary and as suggestions in connection with the observations obtained by studying field reports. SWINE PLAGUE. Perhaps no other season has seen a more careful study and distinction in diagnosis between hog cholera and swine plague than this one. So many letters and reports have been received from the field this year that we are convinced veterinarians are giving the post-vaccination trouble much more consideration than in previous years. -Formerly it was considered bad serum or bad virus when, following vaccination, the hogs continued to die. Large quantities of serum were furnished gratis for revaccination and, while in some cases the loss was apparently checked, in many others no beneficial results were obtained. | Veterinarians would condemn the serum of one company and begin using that of another, but it is a question whether the change was not merely a psychological factor rather than an actual improvement. There is considerable controversy as to the possibility of differentiating hog cholera and swine plague. That there is a *Presented at the Missouri Valley Veterinary Association meeting in Omaha, July 16, 1918. SS ese ee Pe ee ee ee eee a BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS — OBSERVATIONS 245 difference cannot be doubted. The two diseases may occur simul- taneously in the same animal, in which case it is quite impossible to draw the line of differentiation, but it has been proven time after time that serum and virus will not eliminate the losses of animals infected with swine plague. In summing up the variety of conditions described, from a long list of correspondence, we find the following: Pigs are un- thrifty, more or less inactive, have a tendency to snifile, hacking cough which becomes intensified as soon as the animal is forced to run, appetite very good, drink lots of water and live from a few days to two weeks. On autopsy they find a variety of con- ditions, some catarrhal pneumonia, others necrotic pneumonia with isolated and frequently encapsulated abscesses involving the greater portion of one lung and in many cases thickening of the intestinal wall, accumulation of cheesy exudate upon the mucous membrane, may or may not be hemorrhages in the kid- neys, frequently some congestion in the lymphatics, quite fre- quently coagulated pleural exudate with adhesions, ete. Upon laboratory examination of many specimens we have found all manner of infective organisms, particularly connected with the lesions described. We hardly ever fail to isolate some strains of staphylococci, B. coli and invariably the B. septicus, the latter always being identified by rabbit inoculation, micro- scopical and cultural technique, occasionally streptococci and suipestifer, rarely B. necrophorus are found. There is no doubt that these mixed infections occur in con- junction with hog cholera and while the administration of serum and virus controls the cholera it has no effect whatever upon the other infections. The reports upon the use of mixed infection vaccine for swine in connection with serum and virus, or in herds where the serum and virus failed to check the losses, have been so con- clusive that to us it is no longer a matter of experimentation, but a fact that mixed infection vaccine for swine is a reliable treat- ment. There has been considerable controversy as to the benefits derived from a vaccine incorporating the B. necrophorus. At the present time the Department does not sanction its use, but there appears to be considerable field evidence that a vaccine containing the necrophorus bacillus is much more efficient in mixed infections where the necrophorus bacillus is present than _a vaccine without it. At a recent meeting in the State of Illinois this question was thoroughly discussed and the reports of very 246 C. E. SALSBERY reliable men, who have had experience with the two vaccines, seem to warrant the incorporation of the B. necrophorus to get the best universal results. At this writing, however, the U. S. Bureau of Animal Industry controlling the manufacture of biological products positively for- bids offering for interstate shipment a bacterin or vaccine for swine containing B. necrophorus and the popular impression gmong’some practitioners that there is a bacterial vaccine on the market for necrophorus infection should be corrected. HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA — CATTLE AND SHEEP. There is probably no other infectious disease in cattle and sheep, of recent years, which spread so rapidly and caused as great losses as hemorrhagic septicemia. At the same time, there is probably no immunizing product that has been so quickly de- veloped and with such decidedly successful results as hemor- rhagie septicemia vaccine. One very interesting circumstance in connection with this disease is that a vaccine may be prepared by using virulent strains of organisms isolated from animals of different species. A vaccine containing B. bovisepticus, B. ovisepticus, B. suisep- ticus, B. avisepticus, may be successfully used in checking an outbreak in any of the species susceptible to the disease. How- ever, the most favorable results obtained are in those instances in which the animals are immunized with vaccines prepared from organisms isolated from the same species; for instance, we would not recommend that the organism isolated from swine should be used in preparing a product for the immunization of cattle, or vice versa. In the preparation of this product the writer feels that the most favorable results are obtained by preparing a polyvalent vaccine—that is, the strains are isolated from various séurees— and also by the constant renewal of the cultures used by isolating the organisms from recent outbreaks. There is, however, one great question which. enters into the results in the use of hemorrhagic septicemia vaccine, and that is a differentiation between hemorrhagic septicemia and corn stalk disease. From personal observation we are unprepared to make a statement. It seems quite evident, however, from reports, that there must be a difference in the causative factor of these two conditions. - BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS — OBSERVATIONS 247 Some investigators have shown that in some instances which have been called corn stalk disease, the causative factor was B. botulinus, or forage poisoning. One typical report on the use of hemorrhagic septicemia vac- cine is as follows: The owner of a large herd, after harvesting the corn, turned the animals into the stalk fields. In .a very short time several animals died. A veterinarian was called and diagnosed the con- dition as hemorrhagic septicemia, which was confirmed by labor- atory diagnosis. They were vaccinated and kept away from the stalks for five days, when they were returned and allowed to remain until the field had been cleaned up, without any further losses. This goes to show that the animals should be kept from the source of infection until such a degree of immunity is developed that they can withstand a re-infection at a later period. There- fore, it is quite evident that this precaution saould be observed in order to obtain the best results. We have a number of reports on file of a similar nature, in- dicating that animals that die in stalk fields are not always pro- tected by the use of hemorrhagic septicemia vaccine. On the other hand, many reports are received where losses were checked, under similar conditions, indicating that not all animals that die in stalk fields die of corn stalk disease. It is evident, therefore, that veterinarians must use considerable precaution in fixing a diagnosis and it is quite essential that in many cases laboratory assistance should be considered. There is no question that prop- erly prepared hemorrhagic septicemia vaccine will protect ani mals against hemorrhagic septicemia infection. INFLUENZA. One of the very common infectious diseases of horses and mules that gives considerable trouble is influenza. Much time and energy have been spent in research as to the real cause of this disease without determining absolutely the definite factors. There is not any doubt that the exciting factor of influenza is a filterable virus, but we believe there is seldom, if ever, a case seen in which this virus is the solitary factor in the infection. Second- ary infections of B. equisepticus, staphylococci, streptococci, pneumococci, B. coli and perhaps others, are always present in varying combinations. It is not possible to prepare a vaccine incorporating the filterable virus and any anti-influenza vaccine 248 Cc. E. SALSBERY may be efficient only to the degree that the secondary organisms it contains will immunize against the secondary infection. In a great many cases the result of the secondary infection is much more serious than if the filtrable virus alone were pres- ent and the reports from the use of anti-influenza vaccine are so variable that it is impossible to classify it as a specific immunizing agent, as compared to hemorrhagic septicemia vac- cine, blackleg vaccine or others of a similar character. At the same time many of the reports we receive taken by themselves would convince anyone that anti-influenza vaccine is an absolutely reliable immunizing agent. There are on file many reports which show that the use of this vaccine in these cases gave positive im- munizing results in exposed animals. In other cases there are reports on file where the results were considered only favorable in view of the fact that not all of the animals vaccinated and exposed became infected; those that were sick recovered promptly after a mild attack. In another class of reports, noticeably in the minority, it appears that vaccination was not followed with good results in that apparently no pro- tection was given, or else it was only slight. It is therefore plain- ly evident that the large number of reports received must neces- sarily present a wide variation of results. To give an explanation of this condition is another proposition. ; There are many circumstances which enter into the process, such as variation in virulence, time of vaccination with respect to the time of exposure, size of the dose, climatic conditions, ete., that it is next to impossible to give an explanation for the vari- ation in these results. In spite of this relative degree of un- certainty we are not justified in condemning the use of anti- influenza vaccine, because a large percentage of the reports re- ceived indicate its unquestionable beneficial effect. The only advice that can be given is that the veterinarian must consider earefully all of the circumstances that are connected with the condition and use his best judgment in the application of the treatment. The use of anti-influenza serum combined with vac- cine has given good results in infected cases. BLACKLEG. At the last meeting of the Nebraska State Veterinary Asso- ciation we presented quite a thorough resumé of the various new and efficient blackleg immunizing products. Since that time the reports received on the use of these products has not varied BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS — OBSERVATIONS 249 sufficiently to warrant a prolonged discussion, but the product known as ‘‘ Aggressin’’ seems to be gaining a wider field of use than ever before. That it is a highly efficient and reliable prod- uct there is no doubt. In addition to this, being germ-free, eliminating any possibility of causing blackleg, is a decidedly favorable factor in its use. So far as giving permanent immunity is concerned, it is very difficult to say whether the aggressin alone is responsible for the prolonged immunity or whether the susceptible age of the animal does not also enter into the process. Blackleg filtrate, a similar product, only prepared under artificial conditions, appears to have some following and no doubt - gives fair results. The difficulty in the preparation of the filtrate is to handle it in such a manner that there will be a maximum amount of toxin with a minimum deterioration of the toxin. The toxin of the blackleg bacillus is very sensitive to light and air, and this, we believe, is one reason for unsatisfactory results that occasionally follow the use of the filtrate. Scientifically, the product should be a good one, because whether produced artifi- cially or in the animal body this toxin should have the same immunizing properties, under similar conditions, but the field results with natural aggressin seem more dependable. In the liquid blackleg vaccine we have now reached a point where the attenuation of the blackleg spore is positively fixed and the danger of causing disease has been eliminated. The re- ports on its use in a large number of animals treated during the past nine or ten months absolutely substantiate this statement. Its efficiency in the field appears to be equal to either the ag- gressin or the filtrate, and it is a question whether the injection of a known enormous number of attenuated spores does not pro- duce even a more fixed immunity than the injection of a more or less uncertain amount of the toxin. At any rate, the day of the pill and powder form of vaccination is passing. Naturally, there will be some demand for these products, but their elim- ination in the field is bound to come. BOVINE ABORTION. In spite of the negative results reported by such men as Dr. \. tams, Dr. Cotton, and others, there is still sufficient evidence that the use of abortion bacterin in cattle has been suc- cessful in the field. We have encouraged the report of un- successful cases by offering to refund the price on any treatment that failed to prevent the disease if the vaccination had been 250 Cc. E. SALSBERY carried out according to directions. We are willing to concede all the credit for their ability and experience to Drs. Williams and Cotton, and others, but we must say that the reports which we have received certainly do not substantiate their statements. It is not claimed that the treatment is 100% perfect; we doubt if any treatment is, but the percentage of successful treatments from our reports is sufficiently high to warrant the statement ’ that the treatment with bovine abortion vaccine is successful. Our offer to refund on unsuccessful treatments, we believe, has stimulated veterinarians to report such cases, and if that is true, then the number of successful treatments is well over 90%, and when this is compared with the losses occurring where the treatment has never been used, it is certainly worth while. ABORTION IN MARES. To most veterinarians this disease is new, especially as an infection. Very extensive experimentation was carried on in the State of Kentucky, and the causative factor was isolated and identified thoroughly and probably belongs to the B. coli group. Experimental results in the use of a vaccine prepared from pure cultures of this organism in various strains have been very suc- cessful; in fact, an article occurred in one of the periodicals a short time ago on similar experiments carried on in a new field and the results were so favorable that the treatment was recom- mended as a successful means of preventing abortion in mares. _ In our own records we have reports very much the same, one in particular received from a veterinarian in the southwestern part of Kansas, where a breeder of fine animals had suffered such losses during the past few vears that he was about to discontinue the raising of horses. We received material from one of these cases for examination and suggested the possibility of infectious abortion and recommended a treatment. The results were so satisfactory that the owner of these animals has decided to go into the breeding industry more extensively and, as he says, ‘‘without any more fear of losing colts.”’ As was stated at the beginning of this article, the funda- mentals in this discussion are based upon actual correspondence and reports’ from veterinarians in the field and not from per- sonal observation. We have included a few personal ideas and we trust that discussion of the paper will bring forth the opinion and experience of others present. : | CLINICAL AND CASE REPORTS. A NOTE ON THE EFFECT OF COLD ON THE DEGREE OF PARASITIC INFESTATION. MEYER WIcpor, M. A., Research Laboratory of Parke, Davis & Co., Detroit, Michigan. In our anthelmintic investigations connected throughout the winter of 1916 and up through January, 1918, about 300 Detroit city pound dogs, which were fairly representative of almost all breeds of dogs, except the toy varieties, were used. During this period suitable infested animals for anthelmintic treatment were readily obtainable, for a very large percentage of the dogs were infested with internal parasites. Of close to 400 dogs that were examined, about 100, or 25 per cent, were rejected for experimental purposes on the strength of a negative fecal examination, which does not, however, prove that they were not infested with intestinal parasites. There may be worms present in spite of the absence of ova in the feces, for the worms might be all males, or the females might be immature, or so few in number that egg production is very limited, and hence undetected, or egg production might be inhibited by sey- eral factors. Dogs which show negative fecal findings on exam- ination, when examined postmortem, are found to be infested. Of the 300 dogs examined postmortem, 271, or 93 per cent, were found infested with intestinal parasites. Thus, 271 dogs out of _ 400, or about 68 per cent of the Detroit dogs examined, were surely infested, and since some of the 100 dogs that were re- jected would be found on postmortem examination to be infested, it can safely be asserted that more than seven out of ten Detroit dogs, under normal conditions, are infested with intestinal para- sites. Detroit dogs are infested with two species of ascarids, Belascaris marginata and Toxascaris limbata. Of the two species, Belascaris marginata was apparently the commoner one met with in our first series of 300 dogs. Of our first 67 infested, 47, or 70 per cent, were infested with ascarids, and, according to Hall (1917), all that were examined proved to be Belascaris marginata. 252 CLINICAL AND CASE REPORTS Of the 271 in the series of 300 infested, 144, or 53 per cent, were infested with asearids, a large number of which proved to be T. imbata. Next to the ascarids in the frequency of nematode infestations are the whipworm, Trichuris depressiuscula, which occurred in 111 of our 271 infested dogs, or in 41 per cent, and the hookworm, Ancylostoma caninum, which occurred in 89 of our 271 infested dogs, or in 33 per cent. Thus, with 53 per cent of our Detroit dogs infested with ascarids, 41 per cent with whips, and 33 per cent with hookworms, very suitable material for anthelmintic investigations was always at hand. During the last few months, however—that is, during the latter part of February, March, April and May, 1918— approximately 50 out of 60 dogs examined showed negative fecal examinations with an almost total absence of hookworm infesta- tion. Furthermore, the species of ascarid met with was not the expected common B. marginata, but the rarer of the two ascarid species, 7’. imbata. This marked falling off of parasitic infesta- tion, as evidenced by negative fecal examinations, which is not, as has been stated before, entirely conclusive evidence of the absence of intestinal parasitism, is apparently due to the un- usually prolonged, severe winter experienced this last year (1917-1918). It has been known that cold will retard the develop- ment of parasitic ova, and Stiles (1908) in regard to the effect of temperature on the hookworm eggs of man says: ‘‘Cold re- tards and heat hastens the development of the eggs and embryos; a freezing temperature of 24 to 48 hours’ duration, it is said, kills both eggs and embryos.’’ During this past winter, when the thermometers about Detroit registered as low as —20° and remained around zero for several days, the opportunity for development of most parasitic ova was reduced to a minimum. The greater frequency of 7. limbata in our dogs is apparently due to the greater resistance of its ova to extreme temperatures. The ova of 7. limbata are provided with a double-contoured chitinous shell and an inner coat marked with interlacing stri- ations suggesting fibres, which apparently affords the egg great . protection against low temperatures. I have obtained embryo development in the ova of 7. limbata in 35 days at a temperature of 10°C. At room temperatures 21-33°C, embryo development was noted in 2 to 3 days. Thus, temperatures as low as 10°C merely tend to retard the development of the ova of 7’. limbata. Ova, such as those of B. marginata and Ancyclostoma caninum, CLINICAL AND CASE REPORTS 253 which have no such highly developed shell, are undoubtedly un- able ‘to withstand the vicissitudes of low temperatures for any length of time. | It is interesting to note the results of the frequencies of parasitic infestations of dogs in regions south of Detroit, where — warmer climate would evidently promote the development of parasitic ova, and hence the degree of parasitic infestation. Hall (1917) found that of 76 infested dogs examined at Washington, D. C., 67 per cent of the dogs had ascarids, 57 per cent had whipworms, and 71 per cent had hookworms. Wharton (1917) found 9%.45 per cent of the 118 dogs exam- ined in the Philippine Islands infested with intestinal parasites. Only 6.77 per cent of the dogs were infested with 7. limbata, which is surprisingly low. Wharton states in regard to their small numbers: ‘‘The percentage of infestations with this form was much lower than I had expected to find it, and the number of worms present in each case was very small. The fact that the majority of the dogs examined were full grown may account for the small per cent shown. A veterinary surgeon informs me that this parasite is very frequently found in puppies here in Manila, while they are only rarely encountered in older dogs.’’ Ninety-six per cent of his dogs were infested with hookworm, while there is no record of any whipworm infestation. A comparison of the figures for 271 infested Detroit dogs, with 76 (Hall) and 48 (Sommer) infested Washington dogs and with 115 (Wharton) infested Philippine dogs shows that worm infestations are more numerous, as might be expected, in warmer climates. Hall finds a greater percentage (57 per cent) of the dogs at Washington, while Sommer finds a lower per- centage (28 per cent) of the dogs at Washington to be infested with ascarids than those at Detroit (53 per cent). The per- centage of ascarid infestation of both Detroit and Washington dogs is much higher than Wharton figures (6.77 per cent) for Philippine infestation, which is rather surprising. In regard to hookworm infestation, the figures show just what would be ex- pected. Philippine dogs show the highest percentage of hook- worm infestations, 96.6 per cent; Washington dogs rank second, with 71 per cent (Hall) and 56 per cent (Sommer), while Detroit dogs show the smallest percentage, 35 per cent; the farther North we go, the smaller the degree of infestation. In regard to whipworm infestation, we find that Washington dogs have a higher percentage of infestation (57 per cent, according to 254 CLINICAL AND CASE REPORTS Hall’s figures, and 70 per cent, according to Sommer’s) than Detroit dogs (41 per cent). fae It thus appears that freezing temperatures of several days’ duration would tend to diminish the degree of parasitic infesta- , tion, and it therefore seems feasible that manure or feces might be disinfected against most parasitic ova, especially hookworm ova, by being kept at very low temperatures for several days, without destroying the value of the manure as fertilizer, were this procedure practicable. BIBLIOGRAPHY, Hall, Maurice C., 1917. Parasites of the dog in Michigan, J AV, Me Be Tage: n.s., v. 4 (3), pp. 383-396. Sommer, H. A., 1896. Results of an examination of fifty dogs at Washington, D. C., for animal parasites. Vet. Mag., Phila., v. 3 (8), Aug., pp. 483-487. ; Stiles, C. W., 1903. . Report upon the prevalence and geo- graphic distribution of hookworm disease in the United States. Bull. Hyg. Lab. 10, second edition, pp. 1-122. Wharton, L. C., 1917. The intestinal worms of dogs in the Philippine Islands. Jour. Parasit., v. 4 (2), pp. 80-82. A NEW FLUKE FROM THE DOG. MEYER Wiapor, M. A. Research Laboratory of Parke, Davis & Co., Detroit, Mich. Recently Hall and Wigdor (1918) reported the occurrence of two new flukes, Alaria americana and Alaria michiganensis, in Detroit dogs, which were the first authentic cases of intestinal fluke infestation of dogs in North America. In fact, the only fluke that appears to have been reported from dogs in the United States is Paragonimus kellicotti, which occurs as a pulmonary parasite of dogs, cats and swine. In our series of 350 dogs examined postmortem. at Detroit, intestinal flukes were found in 8 animals, A. americana and A. michiganensis being represented in 7 of these and a new, heretofore undescribed, species (12 specimens) in the other. An examination of this new species of fluke shows that it falls into the sub-family Opisthorchiine, but it cannot be correlated with any well-established genus within that group, and hence has been placed in a new genus, Hallum, Wigdor, 1918. CLINICAL AND CASE REPORTS bo ol or . Ser Os Gg Ee obliquely behind the other, usually orbicular or oval in shape and either smooth or lobed in outline. Uterine coils well devel- oped, filling a good portion of the body between the intestinal ceca, the ovary and the acetabulum, the coils not extending over the intestinal ceca. Laurer’s canal and receptaculum seminis present, but usually not very prominent. Vitellaria well devel- oped, extending 0.120—0.220 mm. anteriad of the acetabulum and posteriad beyond the posterior testis, filling up most of the posterior portion of the body posteriad of the testes. The vitel- laria usually extend laterad of the intestinal ceca in the post- acetabular portion of the body, but usually extend over the in- testinal ceca to the middle of the body anteriad of the acetab- ulum. Eggs reddish brown, with a distinct lid and opercular rim, measuring 0.032—0.048 mm. by 0.018—0.022 mm. Host—Canis familiaris. Location—Small intestine. Locality—Detroit, Mich. BIBLIOGRAPHY. Barker, Franklin D., 1914. The trematode genus Opisthorchis. Arch. de. Parasit., v. 14, pp. 513-561, pl. 17-20. Hall, Maurice C., and Meyer Wigdor, 1918. Two new flukes from the dog. Jour. A. V. M. A., v. 53, ns., v. 6, No. 5, pp. 616- 626, 7 figs. ABSTRACTS FROM RECENT LITERATURE. SUNLIGHT IN THE TREATMENT OF EQUINE MANGE. M. Dieudonné, in Recueil de Médecine Vétérinmre, 15 Juillet, 1918, recorded several cases in which mange was cured by the open-air treatment and exposure to sunlight. Ordinary treatment did not prove successful, but the author states that sunlight kills the mange acari, and he also suggests that moonlight has a similar effect, probably by the ultra-violet rays that it is said to project. Similar remarks apply to lice. PUNCTURED NAVICULAR BURSA WITH NECROSIS OF THE APONEUROSIS. In reporting these cases, I think the great factor of success was the use of an autogenous vaccine. The two cases ran a similar course; both had been treated by owners with poultices until the lameness became excessive; when I was called in there was a free discharge of synovia and pus - from the wound at side of frog. Treatment consisted of thinning the sole and frog, and open- ing the puncture as much as possible. The foot was daily bathed in Jeyes’, a carefully applied antiseptic dressing was put on with a leather boot over all. Excessive granulations were kept down with caustic dressing, CuSO,, when necessary. A swab was sent for autogenous vaccine, and the vaccine was given for six consecutive days. There was distinct reaction, lameness and discharge being increased. Two or three days after the finish of the vaccine a portion of the necrotic aponeurosis about the size of a shilling was found in the dressing. After this, discharge gradually became less and complete healing quick- ly took place. By the use of caustic and the knife the puncture in sole was kept open, which gave a fairly free exit to the portion of the necrotic tendon. ABSTRACTS FROM RECENT LITERATURE 259 I do not know if practitioners in this ‘country carry out the classical operation of resection; if so, I have never seen a case reported. It would be interesting to have the experiences of anyone who has done this operation for the cure of necrosis of the aponeurosis.—G. E., in Veterinary Record (London). THE PHYSICO-PHYSIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF TRAUMATIC ABDOMINAL HERNIA IN THE HORSE. G. Mullie, in the Recueil de Médecine Vétérinaire for 1917, relates three observations upon cases of hernia of this class. The results of his treatment enable him to conclude that certain ab- dominal hernias may be treated easily and efficaciously by the elevation of the posterior third of the body and the observation of a reduced diet. This treatment is especially applicable to cases of traumatic hernia with posterior localization and with a hernial ring of narrow diameter. The position, declining from behind forwards, which is given to the horse during the treatment, by its mechanical effects per- mits the intestinal mass to be directed and drawn towards the antero-inferior region of the abdomen. These effects may cause the spontaneous reduction of the herniated mass, and the con- sequent cicatrization of the abdominal traumatism. The con- centration of the diet, by diminishing the volume of the gastro- intestinal mass, is a powerful aid in obtaining the desired result. —Revista de Higiene y Sanidad Pecuarias. RUPTURE OF AN INTESTINAL DIVERTICULUM. R. Paille, in Recueil de Médecine Vétérinaire, 15 Juillet, 1918, reported a case of the above lesion in a mare. The animal was admitted to infirmary suffering from acute abdominal pain, which resisted all treatment. Death occurred on the following day. The autopsy revealed an abundant peritoneal effusion, with marked congestion of the mesentery, and of the peritoneum, especially on the visceral layer. Multiple deposits of fibrinous exudate were present, notably at the crook of the cecum. A diverticulum of the ileum, the size of a fist, was found, situated — 20 centimetres from the termination of this bowel. It was sep- arated into compartments by septa, and was perforated in two 260 ABSTRACTS FROM RECENT LITERATURE places. The interior of the pouch contained putrified ingesta, its mucous lining was granular, of a greenish yellow color, and its wall was very thin at the level of the two perforations. By the side of this cavity another one was found, partitioned off by a septum—a sort of small infundibulum, the floor of which was ulcerated and of a dark red color. SEAWEED AS HORSE FEED. The following is from a report by M. Adrian, of the Pench Ministry of War: The analysis of seaweed as compared with oats as shown by M. Balland 1 is as follows: SEAWEED OATS (9) 4] WATE os eg aia os eee eae Be ei rsd We ede ee a a 14.40 12.55 Hydrocarbons . ERE? SAR cane Al a) a Saay ee Ae tives / DEO 68.80 ISA CYA ae OME pr ray iow oc sorta i te ea tae pe ak wpe ee 17.30 9.10 COTITOBO See eee a ida eke hints oi icarees 11.50 8.45 Mineral matter Bake seiie tes es how eee a bse a ee ae 8.90 3.10 It will be seen that the seaweed from which the salt has been extracted contains less hydrocarbonated matter, but a much high- er percentage of nitrogen, making it a very nutritious product if digestible and assimilated. In June, 1917, some horses belonging to M. Verdier-Dufour, of Aubervilliers, were in a bad state from lymphangitis. There were six horses. Three had ordinary diet of oats, hay and straw, and three were fed on alimentary seaweed. They were kept at work. For the first eight days alimentary seaweeds were sub- stituted for oats at a rate of 0.35 kilo. for 0.45 of oats. During the rest of the experiment, which lasted 24 days, seaweed was substituted entirely for oats. On the 24th day the horses fed on seaweed were found to have increased 6 per cent. in weight and their general condition had improved and the lymphangitis had disappeared. In the other three animals fed on ordinary diet the lymphangitis did not improve. The animals had accepted, digested and assimilated the new food in place of oats. Experiments were made on 20 horses of the First Cuirassiers, which were divided into two lots, and one lot placed on normal diet and the other given 1 kilo. of alimentary seaweed in place of the kilo. of oats. The experiments were under the supervision of MM. Jacoulet and Fray;.they lasted two months, and it was ABSTRACTS FROM RECENT LITERATURE 261 found that on weighing the horses, those fed on seaweed had gained individually 13 kilos. in two months, whilst the others had scarcely gained 2 kilos. Seaweed grows abundantly on the coast of Brittany. It is considered that 0.75 kilo. of alimentary seaweed is equal to 1 kilo. of oats, but this point requires further elucidation. As a substitute for oats there should be a great future before seaweed. France imports 2,000,000 quintals of oats yearly, rep- resenting a sum of 35,000,000 frances. If the seaweed can supply a supplementary crop to the home fields, much money sent out of the country for oats will remain at home.—Veterinary Journal. PROGRESS OF. TICK ERADICATION SHOWN. To show the progress of the tick eradication work, the United States Department of Agriculture staged an exhibit at the South- ern Land Congress held at Savannah, Ga., November 11 and 12. The exhibit showed that 1918 was a record year in freeing south- ern territory from the tick quarantine, 79,217 square miles being released. A map was included in the exhibit showing the terri- tory originally in quarantine and the territory freed since it was established in 1906. Four field men of the department, who are _ employed in the tick eradication work, and a representative from the Bureau of Animal Industry attended the congress. ; Dr. G. R. Louden has been transferred from the work of tick eradication, Baton Rouge, La., to such work on the Fort Worth, Texas, force. Dr. G. T. Jackson has been transferred from the work of tick eradication, Baton Rouge, La., to such work on the Jacksonville, Florida, force. Dr. V. H. Stevens has been transferred from the work of tick eradication, Baton Rouge, La., to the work of tuberculosis eradi- cation on the Harrisonburg, Pennsylvania, force. Dr. H. N. Guilfoyle, formerly of the Baton Rouge, La., force, - has’ finally received a passport and credentials from the War Department and will report for duty the middle of November. Dr. Frank W. Schofield, formerly in the Dominion Govern- ment service, who will be remembered in connection with work done on pyemie arthritis in foals, is now with the Severance Union Medical College, Seoul, Chosan, Korea. ARMY VETERINARY SERVICE. A VISIT TO CAMP GREENLEAF. Nothing could be of greater interest to a veterinarian than a visit to one of the Medical Officers’ Training Camps and see what is being done to equip the Veterinary Branch of the Army for service that will enable it to help win the war. The objects of the Veterinary Section are to train veterina- rians from civil life in the duties and conduct of military officers and to coordinate veterinary knowledge along lines of most use in the Army. The course is not an intensive one along veterinary lines, but is such along military lines, including all the subjects usually given in officers’ training camps. Prior to September 1, veterinary student officers were as- signed to Battalion Seven, and this battalion was composed of student officers from several branches of the Medical Depart- _ ment, including medical, dental, sanitary and veterinary officers. “On that date several new battalions were authorized, and Bat- talion Twelve is exclusively veterinary, being officered entirely by veterinarians, which has greatly facilitated the work of train- ing veterinary officers. The course of instruction covers eight weeks, the first four being devoted to basic military work, lectures and drill, and the second four weeks is taken up with part military work, drill, and veterinary instruction. Two classes are run simultaneously, approximately one hun- dred officers being received each month, and a like number grad- uated each month. After completing the course of instruction, veterinary officers are assigned to various posts and duties. For the purpose of instruction, and in order that there shall be no conflict in the matter of rank, all student officers reporting for a course of training are required to lay aside all insignia of rank, and all are handled, drilled, housed and trained as a bat- talion of privates. Company officers are chosen from the ranks, and it is the custom to rotate these officers in order to Btre as many as possible the opportunity for training. Veterinary officers now reporting for training are from the men commissioned as a result of examinations given subsequent ARMY VETERINARY SERVICE 263 INSTRUCTORS VETERINARY SECTION, M. O. T. C,, CAMP GREENLEAF, GEORGIA. From left to right: Major structor and Camp Veterinarian; Captain Otis A. Longley, V. ¢ Instructor; Captain Fonsa A. Lambert, Instructor and Command- ing Officer, Twelfth Battalion. Jilfred J. Stokes, V. C., Senior In- 264 ARMY VETERINARY SERVICE to the reopening of the privilege on August 1. Such a complete change in manners and customs proves to be a little difficult for some of the men, but, almost without exception, all soon acquire the proper ‘‘esprit’’ and get along like a big class of schoolboys. And while strict discipline is enforced, and student officers are busy most of the time, the occasional periods of recreation are taken advantage of, and all sorts of innocent fun are ear- ried on. RECOGNITION FOR ARMY VETERINARY CORPS. In September, Lieutenant Colonel David S. White, Veterinary Corps, was appointed Chief Veterinarian of the American Expe- ditionary Forces in France. This action of General Pershing places a veterinarian in immediate charge of the Army Veter- inary Service in France and brings to a satisfactory conclusion the hard fight the Veterinary Corps has had to make for recog- nition; it also puts into complete operation the plan of organ- izing the Veterinary Service of the Army which was recom- mended by the Veterinary Advisory Board appointed by the Surgeon General last August. Lieutenant Colonel White was a member of this Board, the other members being Lieutenant Colonel C. J. Marshall, Major Louis A. Klein, Dr. John R. Mohler and Dr. V. A. Moore. The plan of organization was put into operation in this country last fall and has proven to be admirably adapted to the needs of the service here. There is every reason to believe that it will operate equally as satisfactorily in France. It is based very largely upon the organization of the Veterinary Service of the British Army, which in four years of active operations in France has fully demonstrated its efficiency and rendered very valuable service to the British Army. | Lieutenant Colonel White has taken up a very large burden which is charged with great responsibility, but with the loyal » support of his colleagues there is no doubt that he will be able to organize and operate a veterinary service which will be a | eredit to the Veterinary Corps. The decision of the Comptroller, reprinted in our last number from the Army and Navy Journal, that a veterinarian in the Army cannot be promoted to the rank of major, refers only to permanent commissions and is based upon the Act of Congress approved June 3, 1916. Under general orders approved by the SO a a ee a ARMY VETERINARY SERVICE 265 Secretary of War, which were issued as a result of representa- tions made by the Veterinary Advisory Board, veterinarians may be commissioned up to the rank of colonel for the present war. Under this authority a number of veterinarians are holding commissions as majors and four as lieutenant colonels as follows: C. J. Marshall, R. J. Stanclift, David S. White and Gerald G. Griffin. No veterinarian has as yet been commissioned as a colonel. 3 MAJOR J. H. BLATTENBERG COMMUNICATES INTERESTINGLY. In a communication to Dr. Sheets, in charge of his affairs in his home town, Major J. H. Blattenberg gives some very inter- esting information, a part of which we cull from the Republican Gazette, Lima, Ohio, as: follows: This is five o’clock in the morning that I am penning you a few lines. The reason I am writing at this dark hour of the morning is that I have just sent one hundred and fifty good horses to the front, four to a man, who rides one and leads three. The public may not think of the horse and the mule as very valuable adjuncts in this so-called motor age, but I am permitted to say that they are helping wonderfully in winning this war; in fact, no one here would suggest that a single animal could be dispensed with; more are needed. The officers and men at the real fighting front must have so many varieties of supplies, ammunition, guns and artillery, and there are so many places which prevent motor transportation, it is inadequate to the situation, so the horseless age, as we are inclined to look at it, because of the great output of motors, is not here and will not be here for some time to come—in war, at least. All kinds of animals are certainly doing their part in this great conflict in helping the organizations at the real active front and everything is made to bend to their sustenance, care and support. Men and animals deserve and get the first attention if they are serving near or in the front line. I am not in the Fifth Division now. I have been placed as the commanding officer in the largest and best equipped army veterinary hospital in France. The first officer who had charge of it was Major Merillat of Chicago, who is now veterinarian for the First Army Corps. Major McKillip of Chicago followed Major Merillat. 266 ARMY VETERINARY SERVICE I have a very good organization of officers and men. I have three companies of men and look for another company to be at- tached. We receive from the front lines poor, emaciated animals suffering from disease, most of which is mange, distemper and infectious lymphangitis, also wounds and injuries of war. Many need nothing but rest, feed and medical treatment to bring them back to condition. We are continually receiving enimals and in turn pick out those that will require prolonged treatment and evacuate them to smaller hospitals in the rear. . I am not quite as close to the real front as when with the division, but not so far but what the guns at the front can be heard plainly and at night the flashes can be seen. We are not overlooked as to air raids, however, which are usually at night, especially on a bright moonlight night. PERSONAL MENTION. First Lieutenant Grenfell, Veterinary Corps, formerly of Washington, D. C., was badly wounded and gassed in a recent offensive in France. The wound consists of a compound fracture of the leg, the result of a shell explosion. He is at a base hospital. Major W. P. Hill, who has been in France for three years in connection with the veterinary branch, returned to America late in October. Major George McKillip, formerly in charge of Base Hospital No. 6, is now inspector at ports in France. Colonel Aikin is assisting Colonel D. S. White, who is in charge of all the veterinary work in France. All of the veterinary work in France has been placed under the Medical Department. Veterinary Base Hospital No. 6, probably the largest and best equipped in France, maintains a school for casual veterina- rians who may be sent there for a ten days’ course of lectures. These lectures deal with the special veterinary problems as they are encountered in France. At this hospital there are a large number of horses and mules that are treated and returned to the front. All of the forage is under shelter. This hospital was first in charge of Major L. A. Merillat. Later Major George McKillip was in command. Major McKillip has recently been made in- spector at ports in France, and Major John Blattenberg is now in command of Base Hospital No. 6. ASSOCIATION NEWS. “2 gies Bears TITRE Se 4 AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. President V. A. Moore has appointed the following commit- tees and Resident State Secretaries: COMMITTEE ON RESOLUTIONS. C. A. Cary, Auburn, Alabama, Chairman. C. D. McGilvray, 110 University Ave., Toronto, Ont., Canada S. H. Ward, Minneapolis, Minnesota. H. Jensen, Kansas City, Missouri. Otto Faust, Poughkeepsie, New York. AUDITING COMMITTEE. H. K. Ryder, Chicago, Illinois, Chairman. L. Enos Day, Chicago, Illinois. W. H. Robinson, Portland, Maine. C. G. Lamb, Denver, Colorado. W. J. Martin, Kankakee, Illinois. COMMITTEE ON NECROLOGY. J. W. Connoway, Columbia, Missouri, Chairman. R. W. Ellis, New York City. EK. A. Cahill, Zionsville, Indiana. gl is Hollingsworth, Ottawa, Ont., Canada. G. F. Jungerman, Hiawatha, Kansas. COMMITTEE ON HISTORY. At the Philadelphia meeting a resolution was passed calling for the appointment of a committee on veterinary history to ¢con- sist of one man from the army, one from the Bureau of Animal Industry, one from Canada, one from schools and one from practice. R. C. Moore, St. Joseph, Missouri, Chairman, representing the schools. Major C. D. McMurdo, Chicago, Illinois, representing the army. U. G. Houck, Washington, D. C., representing the Bureau of Animal Industry. C. H. Higgins, Ottawa, Canada, representing Canada. Geo. H. Berns, Brooklyn, New York, representing practice. COMMITTEE ON ANATOMICAL NOMENCLATURE. H.S. Murphy, Ames, Iowa, Chairman. S. Sisson, Columbus, Ohio. i: Ernest Newsom, Fort Collins, Colorado. 268 AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION F. W. Chamberlain, East Lansing, Michigan. Mark Francis, College Station, Texas. — COMMITTEE ON ARMY SERVICE. Lieutenant Colonel C. J. Marshall, Philadelphia, Penasyl- vania, Chairman. # Jno. R. Mohler, Washington, D. C. L. H. Howard, ‘Boston, Massachusetts. Lieutenant Colonel R. J. Stanclift, Washington, D6, Major W. H. Lytle, Salem, Oregon. SALMON MEMORIAL COMMITTEE. President Moore has added the name of Dr. Jno. R. Mohler to the Salmon Memorial Committee. LIAUTARD MEMORIAL COMMITTEE. It was the intention of former President Torrance to appoint Dr. S. Brenton, who was a personal friend of the' late Dr. Liau- tard, a member of the Liautard Memorial Committee, but, owing to an error, the name of Dr. W. L. Brenton was announced. This mistake has been corrected, and Dr. 8. Brenton will act on the committee. vs N.S. M. RESIDENT SECRETARIES FOR 1918-1919. Alabama—D. L, Allen, Auburn. Arizona—J. C. Norton, Fleming Block, Phoenix. Arkansas—R. M. Gow, Old State House, Little Rock. Alberta—M. V. Gallivan, Lethbridge Alta. California—George H Hart, Berkeley. Colorado—I. E. Newsom; Colorado State College, Fort Collins. Connecticut—Thos. Bland,: 74 Phoenix Ave., Waterbury. Delaware—H. P. Ives, Wilmington. District of Columbia—R. W. Hickman, Washington. Florida—L. E. Lyons, Tallahassee. Georgia—Wm. Burson, Athens. Hawaii—V. A. Norgaard, Honolulu. Idaho—R. B. Hurd, Payette. Illinois—W. H. Welch, Lexington. Indiana—G. H. Roberts, Indianapolis. Iowa—Hal C. Simpson, Denison. Kansas—L. W. Goss, Manhattan. Kentucky—S. L. Musselman, Frankfort. Louisiana—E. I. Smith, Baton Rouge. Maine—H. B. Westcott, Portland. Maryland—F. H. Mackie, Baltimore. Massachusetts—L. Frothingham, Boston. Manitoba—W. A. Hilliard, Winnipeg, Man. Minnesota—C. P. Fitch, St. Paul. Mississippi—E. M. Ranck, Agricultural College. Missouri—L,. S. Backus, Columbia. Montana—A. D. Knowles, Missoula. Michigan—H. P. Hoskins, 50 Tireman Ave., Detroit. Nebraska—J. S. Anderson, Seward. New Hampshire—A. C. Farmer, Berlin. Nevada—E. J. Records, Reno. New Jersey—E. T. Smith, Jersey City. New Mexico—G. A. Lipp, Roswell. Nova Scotia—Geo: Townsend, New Glasgow, N. S. Se ee oe ve PETS PN AOE eT ee: ee i Tet Ae yee Sa pore ical = AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 269 New York—wW. G. Hollingworth, Utica. North Carolina—G. A. Roberts, West Raleigh. North Dakota—C. H. Babcock, New Rockford. Ohio—C. H. Case, Akron. Ontario—George Hilton, Ottawa, Ont. Oklahoma—John S. Grove. Oklahoma City. Oregon—B. T. Simms, Corvallis. Pennsylvania—H. W. Turner, Pittsburg Union Stock Yards. Prince Edward Island—W. H. Pethick, Charlottetown. Philippines—Stanton Youngberg, Manila. Quebec—A. A. Etienne, Montreal. Rhode Island—T. E. Robinson, Westerly. Saskatchewan—M. Barker, Saskatoon. South Carolina—F. P. Caughman, Columbia. South Dakota—J. T. E. Winwoodie, Brookings. Tennessee—F. W. Morgan, Chattanooga. Texas—R. P. Marsteller, College Station. Utah—John Ernst, Salt Lake City. Vermont—F. A. Rich, Agri. Exp. Station, Burlington. Virginia—W. G. Chrisman, Blacksburg. Washington—J. T. Seeley, Seattle. West Virginia—S. E. Hershey, Charleston. Wisconsin—W. A. Wolcott, Madison. Wyoming—H. R. Millard, Cheyenne. : N. S. MAYO, Secretary. ADDITIONS TO THE MEMBERSHIP AT THE PHILADELPHIA MEETING. ALABAMA NER CNEL C OMT EP ae Valls occ sb 6 a aio wo 6a 6's oo e's Sup One ba Cale Cees Dora Re eg eee Eilon a a a oie Ee RS 6. o's 0 kG 8 pntebe Oh cee Auburn ARIZONA PE Oe Ce bee ota ea eds oe ba ds sea kee owe wees ...Phoenix : ARKANSAS , RI Fs See ie eo es ek Sr ae She be be bee A. R. D., 317, Camp Pike EE Me re ee ie eee cee A. R. D., 317, Camp Pike. AE ats Ce cs se ce eee hs cee yewesergeectsi ape Warren eet, fa RS oc RN are ey Sige big bas a k's eck a ce hoe Be care of B. A. I., Mena ENS Or ee ee ee Leech cee s Old State House, Little Rock yb ess tN eee oe cee eee A. R. D., 317, Camp Pike CALIFORNIA IR Oe ny. cid hy 5 4s hao «0%. big 0,0 0 s'mce ie GELS Can ER Davis ESE 0 ES RS ee eee A 720 Valencia St., San Francisco SINCERE aed eh a ss cho ve ween cs oe a 4a Camp Vet., Camp Kearny Musser, Maj. R. C.................:..Div. Vet., 8th Div., Camp Fremont MRI Me cc ecw Div. Vet., 40th Div., Camp Kearny RN ee a cc. sc ek cas ec A. R. D., 332, Camp Fremont I es ee ici choc cs cwas se uUeeus 3615 Iron St., Chicago NNN ge ck. ck es cs ccedeies 229 E. Church St., Stockton ee ks 6a a 0 pele 0 vb ww ae ee Gee wal Santa Paula COLORADO SBS EIS Sis SP eae a 303 Live Stock Exchange Bldg., Denver I Me ee. ek aus cape oe cpime 3035 Race St., Denver ENR RE sh ee ss ca os y'n bas 0c tie he 679 Grant St., Denver I cs a cessicvcceodd Stock Yards Sta., Denver CONNECTICUT Ee yee le reins cub sc aese cece ada 179 Elm St., West Haven NN Ne ek ies o cai'e are ec ees 101 Albany Ave., Hartford IY Rr, Se Pr ewee es cc ves ee Caled 58 E. Elm St., Greenwich MUMRUUNETOMCNOER TOYS We A hs ewe ts ce ck ble a ee a's 135 Washington Ave,, Bridgeport 270 AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION DELAWARE MeDanict, Hatry, 3.6 ei eee eae ae Oe ka eee 220 S. State St., Dover Pea BR ss ccs as Sewle siv ce OPO RS COR ae ee aS Oe eee Milford DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Bosley, Harry...... pW wh a ae ete Gaye ed ee 309 6th St., N. W., Washington Catlett, J. G., Purchasing Officer Public Animals, Remount Division, Washington Collins; W iiBs.ciilate ete aa oe aie ee ease 2130 P St., N. W., Washington MIGGIECEON, OWS Go che cin ola & oie are bh tee ees 612 L St., N. W., Washington (STARA NV ive oes 2 o> buh ce ce 2030 N. Capitol St., Washington Carpenter, P. F, Purchasing Officer Public Animals, Remount Division, Washington Saunders, Albert, Jr., Purchasing Officer Public Animals, Remount Division, Washington Dunn, C. W., Purchasing Officer Public Animals, Remount Division, Washington FLORIDA Lyons 43 Wiss eae et aes State Live Stock Sanitary Board, Tallahassee LT, See ad Gea patie memeanemany aie sap sa, 7.) 504 Florida Life Bldg., Jacksonville RAV CT oe Pgs Ee aie a's. bee ee ola goo a Sire mie laa G 8th and Talleyrand, Jacksonville GEORGIA Pet WN i Aw a To 4 Ch aoe tO ce eee nee Ces 23 Cav., F. A., Fort Oglethorpe Beeman, Capt. H. N..c. casa eceecsesverscceckes ss DM. 1, Coney Greenrear ROOF La. Ss Wes cb ss eb ca epee es en Co, 28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf MHWITOR hk AN Dai se bi. SSA ee See Co. 28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf On sIMas, lot) Te By io 5s ee a eee as eee Co. 28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf PVeRGEn NLA. G, Fics c sek te asc tee mes been oe Co. 28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf Nese ik hatch; Bem 9 ae Dp mpm ee PUM, anaes Ke iPN eles Fei. Bureau Animal Industry, Cairo POC MAE Gs WN OO ens ix Shin oS do bis Oe ke Oe a ke i eel Athens RE TR TO ego sik vid ance sks bow Ree Hdgqrs., 31st Div., Camp Wheeler Srl, Tit. Ble Te ra aie slates Saleie ae ke Wa ae ewes Co. 28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf CUCKEPUOD) Ebi TOs Bs i 0s Svea sin cle 8 oe wb bce Co. 29, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf 225 BR © lide = Wes pParasine Shan eRe er i rau ar ae epee Mer n Co. 28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf Thy Do Oc Oaks Cea dann 4 eee OREN ee Co. 28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf LORS: Fes. 5 Sai ee sae Se eee hk eae S 6 wale VE waa OCS Greenville emeeeerorte Lit. Fee ines vocab ed ae ocean ott Co. 29, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf Sasa. Lit .: CUM: ite ved & cic cies Fike bab Fe iat ee Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf re Bat EE. Disii's ee 8 es ee eae pe Co. 28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf Sees DN Oc. cs Came a eh oo oS eek pete eee se Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf Re, Lik, Fe. OS icc'gls alk. We bie wins Kx GOERS a ee eR Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf ReeeEMeU Dah, Ch. 20s nen eeu c ok bee whe bes Co. 29, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf i as BR Rees OME © EE amie peeneen ben tracert Wath, Se anes Co. 31, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf SO Lik BB elisa ee ee Cap een Co. 28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf Pema ee TO Dd oo ea iad vi es cee ews Co. 30, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf POMC EAA Bs. oh evan eves shou sbeeue, 28; Bas Cam Gee Fe eRT CO, BSG EE, RG cine v2 Cae Cae ae eee 321st F. A., Camp Gordon SNe ted hes ot sn ee eis wes ose Co. 28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf Gs AON ae ss kin « ee tee ners ekes Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf Pi RLOP Tt RO he ss ss CAR a i le ee eee Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf Te es ME oh as ae wh ele bho Rk bo hs 5 kb ee SOG ee ee A. R. D., 311, Macon Mcintosh; Ist Bi Bos AG ca ei i ne ete ae 32ist F. A.. Camp Gordon BMeMilion, Tu0).C. My y yi 08 Sees Sa hic pieaaae Co. 28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf Martin. WA ccs stake Shes See ee :....Camp Q. M. C., Camp Gordon MeLain, EA. Wi ee eee os Fee ae Box 703, Camp Greenleaf Nettleton; Loti Nii eae cae st eheek Co. 29, Bat. 7, Camp Greenleaf NorthwWay; Lith 3--Ba. asc eee eye rrer Co. 28, Bat. 7, Camp Greenleaf Nayler, Let. He W isin gi cc cciec ida ds cvswces es songs Bat. 7, Camp Greenleaf Purdy Ws kc oka bia ae ee eee Co. 29, Bat. 7, Camp Greenleaf Palmer; G:C. CFO a ek a eee «en Co. 29, Bat. 7, Camp Greenleaf PRopelaras BavowW © Boks). visser eae ee Co. 28, Bat. 7, Camp Greenleaf BPOrteiwsy, FeO. 0h ae a ae eae ees Camp Hdgqrs., Camp Gordon Resenos, LA. Si ise is ahiwe Cate weuee ees Co. 29, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 271 TRS Ne aha WW 8 io fe 6 es winsaserevinrsinarainabiors/ eee Co. 29, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf NUNN Ne oo wk Sh aie oo asco Bho 6a Se jue ba seas vepeielaee 526 Federal Bidg., Atlanta PRR UME atl OW Sia ce Ge in we eet eeawenen Co. 29, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf CS ME TE RCE Reagent a Pipes seal We Co. 28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf RmeU ADRS t Gs te AS gcd © 6 6:60 ov owe ewe Co. 29, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf MeRRER RE ot A Sec bee tk ha eth wae eee Co. 28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf RE Me Da Lic ark ne we’ boo eipioes & Co. 28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf AO rs og.) bs acer d ss 6e 6 0d bee a ew Co. 28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf NE NE A A i Foie isis ive oe nae omkinus Co. 28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf IR UMN al oo le 14-5 10 os ioiibiy iain nia 0,0 So on a op ee Box 732, Camp Greenleaf TEES RE ne sss 3b oshlo hwo» omens s es Co. 30, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf EEL UME GAGS, wisie g Sn alee Sisle's 9's 02'S RCRA MBER OO AR Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf ERA RA MDs ox 6 Sooo os ohaie'ds wa ee bt awe deus Co. 28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf EE Sree Nab oi ikts Sd ao 'e'e o's 6's b'o 0 6'biwieial ae 0's % Co. 30, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf “cecciranepatugnt, LE E* A's EGS re ee aN eos Grane a Co. 30, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf UE NICE RRA Ss. chia s ove Mew Pa Ve wha wea Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf mpeeepeeen. st: GO, Alc RSs Ss. oa Rea ee Co. 28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf MM Reha ee. dw ad eb i es Te eee ee a ee Co. 28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf Re rg oie ee ak ee UR CeO RS Co. 29, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf Oy Gl Os Che cs ee ee A naa hk ee ke eles Co. 30. Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf RENE AE. NOM a ny i ole Be oa eee Mee Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf 2 CR 1 iti | gag egg NSS ER 8)” hha RA NS Aan aU Box 327, Camp Greenleaf DUNT RR Mn cd See Ohta ees oe diervaceebivels Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf amerris Ett Gs os cs A i ein’ Ma's ate ae Co. 30. Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf MuceMeORL Ese Tels CS Se be oR EM Os Co. 30, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf SE RE sO a tiow eh as oss kee PENRO Ss Co. 30, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf | Me a. as RO re th eee uae bees cae Co. 30, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf 7 MUIR Ul Be sg eel Ek eve ta dessa bk eons Co. 30, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf . mere lease TCA Borer ia ek ca eas Co. 29, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf I AG slg Rk haeb one's bee db be 8 Co. 30, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf IPM RE ENR rei os. Vhs Ss CNW ee RRR Ra oa cides Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf q NS NE Fg GPM OU he Rete ee at a eae ae ea Co. 31, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf ; mM Gat Re EPH gn Sh 6 bo -0 6 FES 0S oP e Bo Co. 30, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf : I ee EA COU SF es v's dbb boss ceecues Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf TE APB ee in Sins dle a os oe hae aacane Co. 30, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf GUE EG) | “Gn DEER COCHIN ne oe ee Co. 28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf ET OS, SRD TAS Ty eae Se ae art pear Co. 29, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf ERIM TEM PO Be pie ie oak «. Grachiis ed aie dled c os Sele 6s Box 804, Camp Greenleaf EN DGS 5 CS ann ot a a eS Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf BAMCY, Tite Co Ts oss CA De eS Nhe ee CES Co. 28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf MARISA R IE Ry AIG, CSG iis ss oso bo be oe ee Co. 28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf en CR ee Gs SS ob ks 0 cw bee's ss cea ees Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf SS ME WY Ess Bae Mik 6 a'e's ose v 0'v yew Co. 31, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf NE OE aS. Gee Stale’ s iCal Mh bss yo 0 e't's ocle'ce bbe w HD Bat. 7, Camp Greenleaf NM BRS Cry Che Salk s SRN D> hip oC alas ow ietys Co. 30, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf ETS hg BRIG EA Cea 2 eg ae re ee ets se Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf Ge, Ce ae ee | ah a Co. 31, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf RC pokes Sb biped orcas kee Co. 28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf i. I iM rts i. Ass 5S 4 410k ale.'s. +. 0, 0.0,0;0.0,0;0.0010imy,¥ wm Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf a ME Eee res oe SSS. Co civ dee cece: Co. 28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf - NINN lM ooo sy 6 boc <5 nsec. 0sewse 5009 Co. 31, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf NMEA SEN ERS Tey 5, cigs cls se cw ein eee es Co. 28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf ERR OOP EE a gd c's oa alts 6 0's o ee ace Gab ss Co. 28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf x I he OO eS SSS Sg he ace sas wbcabace.8's Co. 29, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf = ee Nag ok a kb o's bias cie ow + 6 4 matale Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf I RR NIG iets 6G 6 ys bs 0 so 50 0.0 0 sles Co. 31, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf MER Sa oe eee cecccanse Co. 30, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf SEMPER RCER BA Lig k ic iodine si nes aves oon e's Co. 28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf RR ees hee Midis bx coma cs ee ees Co. 30, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf RRR CGE Thal. Do 0e. is chee cece scertces Co. 31, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf SS SED GOES SSRIS at ev ce pee P. O. Box 107, Camp Greenleaf IRS SEES SIC i tn a Co. 30, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf NEL BREE SA oo) ya), aio Gi vie coc cee sowie 6s Co. 30, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf 272 AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION POLO LV AS RS ow Sale aa Ripopes) Lt EL Ae ies bw eee ie Soa eee eee ae Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf Mopper Lit. ML. .iciicns cis ete oo elena Co. 31, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf beerwes Vt. Bs EE. oo oeas fa Seeosaen pana Co. 31, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf bs Ros ee see oe aoe eee eee Co. 29, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf Arash) Tet: EL is vat h sda dee ane nee Prey Co. 30, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf James, Tits Wi bs, 20 Cis bis Sra ei we ames Co. 31, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf vervis, Lit Git is icaws vice ewe cleo oe ane hie Co. 31, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf wOneCR, LE, CR Feo rok awe ne tk bet ewes Vet. Co. No. 1, Camp Greenleaf SONGS) Tats Ds Mel aes RA evr eee oa aaa Co. 28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf Juckiness, “Le Te Mii. oss ies aes wien ees Co, 28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf mutta; EG. et co bre ees Wee eee Co. 30, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf FOTIA U CES Bites eth cals ee ae ee ee bis ue eo wat Ie ee Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf ON, STRAY, vires 5 pce ee Oka Up Nica Geka Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf SRR EAS ab WW vas hike sis ae wale Ri'aiee Sa wena es Co. 31, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf LAA Es as kin ce anew Bice vas ou Oe alea ae Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf Li BIRNG, Tt 0 i) Bi. hole Vai shove eee ees Co. 28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf Ei6G5 BiG My 6 aces weetec ets sl ce eo ee Saatie oe Co. 28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf Lenker ‘Li: Bion. . ; Sods wea S bape Co. 28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf Sua y Rilke OG EE oS opie hls whale ote S'p Ob wid Gasidiploce ee Co. 29, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf OGRG, Lit. He Gh. et ee ES 1 ars Ge duiaseeses 6 beets Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf ET aie Lewis vind hres Fe hae tO Oe Vee ase ens A. R. D., 311, Macon ST TA. Teas ect ss ecbanweuees Ee eee Co. 31, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf Marateil, Ti Be iia Aes oe velng si psa gat Co. 31, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf PEO PtIr, Tie Mie BE Fie oe Sow WS 3 es sipieie ki eee Co. 28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf Masterson, Lt. J. E.......... Fase dictates: OV aheiw Co. 31, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf Mathers, fader Bote ew hess SSeS eae ee Co. 28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf DEV TGs sts, Was bak k eS alse we cc eee Ce CTEM ES Co. 31, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf BECO Te a oily estes o's 0 e's salecelv wale aes Co. 31, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf WROTE Tr a Os pies ow i eseta's Nr mee iene Co. 30, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf RIGOR) Rate a es Sy ovo a vk Win'e « cieidtelne' vce co amatie ate Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf Melvin, Lt. V. W....... Si Shes ale PREP E Core Ere Co. 31, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf BETO Lit. BE Ves ks leah ak wees ie Cie das Comes or Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf Weer ht Bi eb ees eae ea bees eee ee Co. 30, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf PRACCDGIL OG oss Ss Se wc eee vinta Saale areas Co. 28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf Or aS Os ee Ne wna yond oa v eateries Co. 31, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf BEOIOG, Sit Bei S38 Ske RRR CaN SS TOSSED Co. 28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf Moorman, TGC, eee eae eee ee we Co. 29, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf MORO Bat OL 60 Oi vale ait wae a alata ie! sonal Co. 31, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf ey ie Tt es oe sak an Dees oes ow ae eee Co. 28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf Preudecker, Li. D. Wii crease Swe cece eias Co. 30, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf PE MOTLOEN: 2hi ee SEN eC es Aes es Sie wees A AS eee hs Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf Severe, LAST, Case ch ee Naa Co. 29, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf RISOT LAS SS! Biv ecg elev dab a ae tvapers Co. 29, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf Pe See, UN Cue Wee Seah bass hee ewe Co. 31, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf PUMP ROR iil. sk nc 6 ck oe web eh bendie ee eS Co. 31, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf Parente: Cntr... i. Casa pe oe ee Box 1205, Camp Greenleaf Paunivean dt. Ve CAG oes Sia ee eee a tc we Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf POraue, Las ees. Sees were 8 Co. 31, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf Peterson, THO Wa Ls tiers Oe eae i svi wn eek Co. 28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf Petry, Fat Ceo), PA ee i a eve ees Co. 30, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf PuAION. Ti. WV. Ek. 2s ck bs oe ae awe een Co. 31, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf Prem. Lite ScD eis stk Vo ees we eae Co. 31, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf Potter: Tot) To eo eo eae see vice van een Co. 30, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf Potts? Et Ro elses ce eae en an eee Co. 29, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf Ceres, Lats Oo NS ie ca ees ee as oy eee Co. 29, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf FEE, IN Ws vena h ics Redd eee cue eb ss eee eee A.-R. D., 311, Macon Rasinigasen; Tot. "Vo Be eles ba were ss ts core chee Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf Reece: TAS, “U.. civeeewes cep cewek haan Co. 31, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf Reinharae tit. BR. Bees aes Tri Ra Ty Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf ODOPTS Tees de. elk vie oe ees Dean eke Co, 31, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf Rowers, LArHe BE os he 0 es Lee eas se eh ee eee Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf Rosenthal, gig) Oe & pene earth ae ie CRE it RING Co. 30, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 273 ROU ak. eh Clee Welds hecakenesceeasee Co. 31, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf PRB Ba Fe ain ook oe ae shld Kies, ois 0 0.0.0, 0, 8,5 e508 Co. 29, Bn. 7, Camp, Greenleaf SOE Ga aks Vis an asia tod Wawa a odde de Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf | SOG Pr) Cr ss Fr coca hs Kee cence wees Co. 29, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf CR ee Che nw be ks pee ces eee nees Co. 30, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf SPN NNR ah es sito vids wes sce vec sies Co. 28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf SUR I orca Cake oo 6 ole oil's wan on Oe Ga ee ee es Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf pa aT EE as a 3 i AR ar eae arr Co.:28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf Py es ee es aed ce eke eed c ew deae geces Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf NG alee igs nee wicn ess ce tceneehe Co. 28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf RE rs oie e dic ng dk ce ccieg dae mece een Box 301, Camp Greenleaf epee hg ek ee ck cade se aeeeees ‘Co. 29, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf Be it Oh Pak sic diecdcc Snes cecees Co. 30, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf MEER ie a id oes weve Sec caceenuanesie .. Box 1305, Camp Greenleaf SE ii op cw'despi'cebeeebvacesuwe Box 700, Camp Greenleaf ae ccc ceduneeuseseguew ees Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf SN EE lide eid) cis a ees s voege's ae Co. 31, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf SN es via ois ve ae nieces os P. O. Box 523, Camp Greenleaf I Rate Ge heb skc scab ers svc eed ee Co. 30, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf ee ROG eee cc ee essetecevecnes® Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf IN Efe 9G ols 5 a's) 9.0.0 o'e. 0) acess oer) Use acer Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf EN a eo. cewaacs cece ewales Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf NNN MER NUE 0 Soc a 5265 0S Spe nn Dain cle 6a wavelets Gmlw Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf ERNE EUS eS 8 eS ibie ons s Sac anegk bacee eee Co. 28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf NUMER a 5 a <<} Wied 010s 6 0.0.0.0.0 Re are Co. 30, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf NN Cr ravine a 5 Gide oie vi Rew FE eG Kees aes Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf LE SL AGUN oe bis fC UAB dare S caw dee cagses's Co. 2, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf NIM SrA. wigs 0 ale ows) a0 0 aw oo 6.05 ae ew be eels wee Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf I O00 Re) ais ooo sc bce pew ee mess Co. 29, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf NN a a Rind gw sikh in wid wie ears 4 08 a lenis Ul. Box 201, Camp Greenleaf a IO oe oo 5's 660s 6 dln ac n's a Os 6 4 elas s Co. 31, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf MR Be id we Us oes SRA vows e cee ue ‘Co. 28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf Wyesmenorer, Lit. W.2Mii.. ccc ce ces Box 500, M. O. T. C., Camp Greenleaf NER AD Me te a 5a akc os ojeieidwc b's 60s Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf IIRL ROO re te Ss okie a 0.6 & ore Co. 31, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf RMN gi Mara Btn cas alg a6 0/6id 0.9 0 0 Oe a ce ees 08 Co. 29, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf NM A Se ce sen sé eee cae Co. 28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf NEG MN RD el a als vec cw eeie eves Co. 29, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf ENE ONIG 0s here en 5 peo. 6.6 So ceceess Co. 29, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf SR Ee gc diet a ccc Sole cv endses Co. 29, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf NSN Bg 0k baa noe oo 00 5 +o 006 06% Co. 30, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf EIR MN Fo iriale ae ew nas cccveiecvcseces Co. 29, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf a og yk sick o's v4 94s nevisae cas Co. 29, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf ARE Se ~ eae ee i eculy S aia iat Co. 29, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf I RT MOON DE aor ew Big San tice wp 0.0 nous 000 eho s eiie'e Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf I RM i as oe 6 a's c ct n¢ 09,06 0 0° Co. 30, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf ILLINOIS MNT PRR SO bby gee vin co's’ vb a o:0r0 ee wre e ele’ 4201 Berkeley Ave., Chicago ES BOOP eee kL etic kes eee ec ees 3953 Michigan Ave.,:Chicago My OE Eo soe ee Cok os bi wae ac 3825 Linden Ave., East St. Louis END MT gag isis cu: 6G weal a wie) oh br oi gave 0) Val Hebelacerarelnn tect ees Sullivan ESR SR ee iy. sce ceecswcvbed 6732 Loomis St., Chicago NE a MUP CH RLS Gas a ao u's bi bseid eles vou elule Wale ew be kde Mae ees Sparta ME ES OWN PE oy a dade ceeid eset ses 4081 Oakland-Crescent St., Chicago Ween FOr Lae ce ae y's ot oe B. A. I., Dept. of Agri., National Stock Yards NS OE ok 1% Gav kk a bbs 0s 0 0 dn te cde e pe beeees Blandinsville NTR Bee Ne Gag ea 5 is oa b's Gow 0s 0's ce%e'e te 4201 Berkeley Ave., Chicago DGG Meise reveeesswdre ces Pererrr erry 2805 Indiana Ave., Chicago EERE aiid ioe ee eds davetededeseuwuns Federal Bldg., Freeport oy yo) sgl RS Pe Pe Oe ah COME EMOMRE Si or Oe ha oe eae Se oni ae Tonica EO EOE eevee ve vseees ss bebiadsnes sane ey eM ae Ree bas Farmer City ME Eg ss bald eee vsevs vows i 5: «aia "4136 E. 47th St., Chicago 274 AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION MOONEIO. A. dis sdk webbed kes eons 957 N. Lawndale Ave., Chicago COOK Os Dies occ shad Ce ade bee DSRS RE EOS 544 Veronica Ave., East St. Louis Ore. A. Dai eee bgt CaS PE VERE BERS 3801 N. Linden Ave., East St. Louis Crowe, To Bele 6 oud wale & Sie wk are whale oielnle art emenee 2624 Indiana Ave., Chicago PIOVOIG: Wa cas oa Ok cea cobb bb oS Geen Lee 1010 E. 43d St., Chicago PILAVOY, ho GEL sic vie on + Vee ei Did Mise eee Es Ee A. R. D., Camp Grant PUAWalTOS: Are Ue oe ena oho lp se 914a St. Clair Ave., East St. Louis PVLUTth, ae aes ce veka bid vier se vin’ ae eae 3615 Iron St., Chicago CANS) Pee ee ose v Witoana: oo at wh alo tal teh hueak vateneteue ss 717 N. 9th St., East St. Louis Grab, We GAa sy pees bad a hae oe 8 bo Oe OA GSA e Oe ole We dew eee ee ee ee Bethany CATA EIINT Nek ok aso olul a both oinhlie! wf atta uray Exch. Bldg., National Stock Yards SEIT, Cot Ban isin deo edb oe ed ie add Whe el aglow Wiha pak gh oe RRL a ae hie Armstrong Halsey Fe Posie sc ck oh eo be ee eee 1123 Kansas Ave., East St. Louis Harmoning, A. eo 355+ ok seas eee 2120 Sedgwick St., Chicago POON ee 0 "Ce nk casos cnc ace ake bses Lau Peee Ee Aeei eee Williamsville PLOUGH ITA, Oy: Fes n.'3 sis) o wich b's 2 ole tele Simla ine a) slur tas MERA 3615 Iron St., Chicago Monsenoiger, Fe, Bas cw hs wee ee 6 cas do Mid dig a eb de we Os a ean Bement Piaeeoorn, 8... sue ee tee eee eked 6422 Blackstone Ave., Chicago FARTIGIOY . LOU Os is Vb ew ie oop v se EA EID SESS De ER wER b le 3615 Iron St., Chicago PRIN i Wc a hs oles ok VO bas Reet hte he M OES 404 Spring St., Springfield PEM ALINORE, TOs oka: op ce ROG SS alee Ge eho eee 2227 N. Racine Ave., Chicago BRE Vy RRS eons 0 Gro eh bin Psat’ vw wlalpalpl cio’ ale’ abe 4201 Berkeley Ave., Chicago PECRG, ABio WW ac bc dc os iweb waa ASST SDD EPS EEO 4322 Emerald Ave., Chicago CAAPEULISUT Ls ie Rade Gb alvin k bin dk ob Fe Bee Sip ohahelgt ty pee hie OPA 7844 Peoria St., Chicago FRHSITIS cared: o's ae Oss te ais oe WER EA ENS S Sh Me Ce eee .R. R., Pleasant Hill POLITE, nbs EUs og bis oe) ord ec oui cea eed ee dee ee National Stock Yards PORRBOL: Te Mi ibs access bend SDA ered bs RE 6639 Justine St., Chicago POREALOUG NV ca kes Ves ae baa koh a Sa ete ts 501 W. Adams, Taylorville SOUR, TL? Faso ch he oo oe hcl Soc cat eee EERE SUL L e e Athens BGP E ee ha Ee at ss Cae hada peace hee ene B. A. IL. National Stock Yards PRECIO I ids PE cs ss pte web a Cede eg Vb e455 ew hS Dens A. R. D., 321, Camp Grant ME, es No COS ols 4a ee sone B. A. L., National Stock Yards BOI Se Dae ois obo bh wk vss shee a ee Re Ce kbs bls eter Flanagan PI Sa Re ep cae e R oeee Ca ase ha Rhu 5802 Wentworth Ave., Chicago BPLUIIOT Gs Asc aik bh ROE NE ee Os oa 6208 Blackstone Ave., Chicago RIELOUA, Rew de ving os 6 eats ee ae PUES wie tlh edna ae ee 4201 Berkeley Ave., Chicago TeIenG. C.K, sorb bce eae ees oop peace s 336 S. 43d St., Chicago MGhin A Eo. sk ka eee aa ieee as B. A. L, National Stock Yards POE INT, hoe Co .a vin ees Gin Cig ula cent Oe eee 502 W. 45th St., Chicago TET Shae IN ogo 6 oc tak eee Ree eyo ob) bad hath bea ees Taek are McLean DRTCOIOLS, “Wo 8IKs a oh ond Oa ts bee aneeee 226 N. Hamlin Ave., Chicago PRP ELOSONE, VS Von phen eds sas SG wees ease eae 1010 E. 43d St., Chicago DRE EN A ids (EA 5 oh 6b Oka ee ess Ve 2 be kd aks a ea he ane ees aula es Waynsville Pee CL IA ME, ass veo was Sake caw ens oe ews 812 E. Monroe St., Bloomington PE OMI SOS, 6.4540 cee ca aee es a's CR ES RS 404 Spring St., Springfield Rt Sr ME a e's o's o's aioe no Sed eae MRR SOAR be ea eee Glen Ellyn PORROROT RS Ay oi Sis. Ta 50g a a ae 1529 Gaty Ave., East St. Louis Pega OAD Ss, is sb see ease bone 602 Cahokia Bldg., East St. Louis DA VODR SNR Bai Gite cs 5 Cie oe a See Ree bs 4 4 Ewa ek os oeme Wenona MCP eriend: Bi: Dokis a6 ice Gees vs oie wiece oa 5801 Indiana Ave., Chicago PEGI, Ae Occ ic oie 6a aes ee KR Ss 5504 S. Green St., Chicago PERCE Th, Bolte oc. Soa eS Drovers National Bank Bldg., Chicago INV OOO. FOC 6. i 5 owe e'en'’ vine wees << Wale Cle Sl Ln ie es eee Cambridge OMmanns; Ji Wiis ee o> SS Siig AER wlsa''s ine esol-Wysise eb Mea UE oes Watseka Okershauser, BaP ey a MAS hc eee 5519 Kenwood Ave., Chicago Paty, ie ee es Cas ov a wo aes Ce ee Blue Mound Pare BAS Os Se ea Bs ao ab ew Se aie Fes 7349 Union Ave., Chicago Pace, (Re: Gs. ccs ia wine eer ane cele > e dinesie Vo ae mi eee oe oa Roseville Pauls A. Be Il. sc trietewiiesawae ene sews enn 5946 Parnell Ave., Chicago Pederson, Pe oT 6 oe eed a ge ae 5 on ia ee ae ae ee ee Barrington PiCMeRi ee Wiis. + acme cee SOs 5 AON RN B. A. I., National Stock Yards Pieper, Gis eh. 4 seeks Fades iace Waa Sie Gd dee ee Route 1, Granite City Bowell, J. By (ese we setae tats sw see _-+--110 N. 8th St., East St. Louis AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 275 Ses gi RRS ORS Pee BP are or aa irae SP eee ae 6847 Yale Ave., Chicago UE 0 a a vs 95a. ele oa Nice oe oe eh Pe ee Pina eie sw iele Rushville I he ooo pe 2 ere reese ape 4751 Calumet Ave., Chicago Seg UP a” Se age a A me bear A iP 706 E. 51st St., Chicago RA ON AG i a be Soi inc a Hk bee hope een B. A. I., National Stock Yards Ne ik ocd bi. 5 ooh sw ain « dlewie a 2022 N. 19th St., East St. Louis UCR EL Rees ok Sols scores neds ever 1609 Hall St., East St. Louis Ea ag cigs WS 0 2a al ay tae U. S. Dept. of Agri., National Stock Yards es lg Mica an jc.0.0 wies® tin, sicreceissa,6,ececace 1110 E. 42d PL, Chicago RENEE Deiat nos cccnenncagdeancas 3$16 Lake Park Ave., Chicago NRO 08 RMN ed Oooo 9:0... se leieiese 0,0, %.5)e)0s0. #,8\4jarg eereeiece 3615 Iron St., Chicago Io oa kG bse cb bres ctecesevee® B. A. I., National Stock Yards OMNI UE cols win ces 00 oe sos 0 0 sees 6037 Woodlawn Ave., Chicago NES SEER GEM ah vg coi sc cows ese b 0k ee Oe 9100 Hamilton Ave., Chicago NN WORE PEI Gh ys ck cece cece eweeataeeuke® 3615 Iron St.,. Chicago PUNT 1 A Gao. ¥ 0 oy: 80:0 \a-0 a0 -0 is ngs 00 000 B. A. I., National Stock Yards I oe oy Sia ais bode 60 0 ce oo os sclte vin ee 6428 Dante Ave., Chicago RM Fe oN Sed oc ks io ce sida Cenackebanes 3750 W. 63d PL, Chicago UR a od A oh OU ws bs0' 06 0: x's 0c wae 6065s 00 eid adie whois Bi eS Wyoming RE ks Wisc we ow Bape wbsedebn ee’ peers ee rye MEO Arthur Cp ae Se ee are: Ce ae a ea ae eres 4335 Emerald Ave., Chicago SMEG A AE. MPS Lain se 64 5G woes 0 0 0 ¥ 000 v0 We 3339 Michigan Ave., Chicago INDIANA Sh. Pee ee eo Se ee cee ewer soe We ee ee eb we ew Box 82, Seymour Ne ee Stk tk kt eth beeethecLresatbreaas Connersville ERIN Pes at aay ansiatetene’s'e c dlaia'dc'e’e se cie'e's's 228 Charles Ave., Bridgeport BEVOE: TROOCOGS Cra hes et eet eee oe eras ey Ge R. F. D. 3, Brookville CN Ber wig t'e'c's dese dic'e'c'e'e'see'ete'ete 315 Sanders St., Indianapolis Meee Oe, SIC IRO oo. us 5 kos be oc bce wees 831 N. Alabama St., Indianapolis AR Me alddie sccs cc ce ate cae 105 N. Davidson St., Indianapolis eC ee a ba ee bo 6p RRR Ree asin s Us 6a cee tae eebea Decatur TN eS aa a a eels sca ele Sele bc see sew tad ween ced Rushville ea PRS L GERAD SESE Rie pcos i ae a 416 W. Washington St., Sullivan NN NE rac nia cae ool 5 otra a's occ's ow cle eles 9 eis» elcleid’s 6 ute Box 304, Muncie Eee Oe iia c 6 Sd cece bed < sc bb Saeed e Box 91, Evansville iE DAS © Reta rater ies Gre tes ols wrats oo he 1442 S. Harding St., Indianapolis NE MR ae Che Se bee cee che Seeds Purdue University, Lafayette NNR A aac bss on sto ce bee eee.s 105 N. Davidson St., Indianapolis EN re aes cle sae ccs ccetbceesp es ces 6 Cass Oye Gaby eeeees Rockville RISER ae Ne Or ag cas ov ec waoe sce Quartermaster Dept., Jeffersonville IOWA SN EM iis eg Gb dinibs cae e dsc cess cele 207 W. Madison St., Washington EON UNENR ON EN Tee cs cc aah eas cee ameve 211 22d St., Sioux City NE eee, ee osc g ss sve nce o ewe 3610 6th Ave., Sioux City Ne an 5 a bib wie 6% ¢ oe a6 eee OM 642 Walnut St., Waterloo IE BRON CARD Cig sa iE gs > soo vo 00:0 00 oc e vee ceees 1172 Main St., Dubuque NNR ARM PR din wns ln 'ele 6 66 ce clea sc emwme 313 Albany St., Ottumwa ES A en a wie o'm ele 0 0.66 6-0 CC ERMEMS C0 6 0 a ee eS Iowa Falls ce a, wo gia a #0 elale e's SNe Baie Made eek cle wiyie Traer feeemimont, fie... oss tg Gok ae ¥ 9 0: clk arg 6 60k bare atkce une ee) ae econ Britt A MS is ee hoes cu da ue cous eawdae hen asan 2823 Leek St., Ames Ne wos a Wale aie pre a: c 0 68's ube 6.0 ean ewe 2118 Story St., Boone NN RNs CO oe enc bce cede ce 1726 E. Walnut St., Des Moines I AaB ce tN ik Clu da oo: 0 sle0!0.c%e a e.g. e.9 a04 Iowa State College, Ames ER Dis on CEE ols ws 6 fh non ees ea es Remount Depot, Camp Dodge NDR, PUR SPeha Oks ber ehG IRS a wis 5s oles oe sees 4's om lowa State College, Ames NR RM re e's ah Galery «ve. 0 0 0's: 6 in 9-0/0 wre MeaeaeNs ahi ators S's Logan I I ee as a sds bceldun cess 230 Exchange Bldg., Sioux City EN TORE i oe ag a bias swe ae MEWS E CADER CMR eh cpl 3 Blockton sg 2S, ales la sus 64 vi 9'a wie 0 wm leielaldic We eeipee spss Moorehead I a en pl gers act oie ge sees Camp Hdaqrs., Camp Dodge NS NE a eS a cid aig vie be se eee Ft. Dodge Serum Co., Ft. Dodge 276 AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION RI WHOT AS Sos ccs co Ree Haein ew bes Regt. Hosp., 351st Inf., Camp Dodge Rrerivan, J.B sk 6c4d ih Hake eae eae care of Div. Surgeon, Camp Dodge BOGE Ws le. sss ehh NaS 62th eee eas 18 Federal Bldg., Des Moines BPO A TS So oc sie a pak SAKE OD ES CEE On EAE SS 33 Federal Bldg., Ft. Dodge e200, FO, Ges Sas 2s oe kes Vea 8 ae eee 108 S. Madison St., Mason City Engelbert, Be Base’ is hes aieke sews eS ee eee Remount Depot, Camp Dodge POVANS, ©. Bas wi be vse veven se se tev ane meas 1811 George St., Sioux City PNG CT, OAM Si cc te fs ow ew eas wa tee eke Rm. 18, Federal Bldg., Des Moines PVGULTING, Ms Fea ces pik vise teers 4 tees plas wee eee 1116 Mulberry St., Waterloo Mrakes) Wish tess tes ivy ec ne s Gene oes wehbe ane Maquoketa BYANCOISG ACW Oss. a ie a ees was we PEON SCARS MAA ee B. A. I., Sioux City MERI AEE Es ia Ss ew Why wes as ie ee SH ands mien moran Seraare ie ee eee Grimes OCR 5s: BEG eS his dies POEM seg OV ea S se aN EES 310 Walnut St., Atlantic CFilkette, Gy PE PAs inte acs wae ia pias ee Je 108 E. Court St., Ottumwa INTE ah es ESS re PORT Ws wie Gan: win! Seth intalibte a’ iin we bai binikaaade: Gh De ia a ee Norway Gordon, W. M..... His DRESS a Khoo ON Sw ee ees 8605 6th Ave., Sioux City - Gilchrist, W. D.... se eeeeee pg ack plate ties a dade 413 S. 16th St., Cedar Rapids RRs Te BP ea 5 Sai cid a tssale eae bie Sinha Pas Racca bees Gakaateeerd shale Castana EMOTANTLL0T CER 6 6 cd wa o8 BE oa siee 4 oo ee de PERI 607 W. 2d St., Davenport PROGRES keke WAS 6c 6 OF ONS AO Gg Ts 6 bee 6 TESA Vb) tae Farley RESMOPEY, 2s 0 sowie eee aU CVS 4 3 eT E ee Oe ae 5th and Clay Sts., Dubuque ragzerty, La Vee. . eee eevee sence ee ¥ ps 0seed 3812 Stone Ave., Sioux City SRL EAN VUES 5 ais wale ona bes Wie dee dire 627 N. Federal Ave., Mason City PIO WUROTNG) GW 6 okies k aie 8c bin db oa ee Ree Uae od ee ee ee Clarinda PROWL RG IAS 6 ca 650 cess PT Pe eee Pd Pes Gee Vet. Divsion, Ames PORRSLONR: FL : 4Os «cai had cna s sca the es sks Meweh ooh eke eee Creston ONO, Trea oe Co Fb ea eh ork dae aA aes 8 re et 337th F. A., Camp Dodge Oe RO ORL, OAD, 6 UE) u siccsemiais (ole eb go sien wh pis ik he ee hips ota a ole wakes Clermont Teeth Oi Tos, 6s 5 ccs wenn bs ae Uh Sas O60 6 + Hales «46 ee tale New Market Kellogg, L. W..... Pie iiss pial Came 0 Ws 3 ok Wide aN ae» Wome ans 08 kee yeas Ra Hull ENE aes” WY 6 0 4s sane o atara ws OM Sia ec wee ee 1007 Nebraska St., Sioux City REY Eo ons) ene hy Vee Se ce hh Cae os Oo ee Re 3412 7th Ave., Sioux City RURAL, ds Winco rene ae aa i didcs 9d ss 0 em peace eas 813 7th St., Sioux City BW TCO TA Fs as we bas sere ae eee se 2137 S. Lemon St., Sioux City PION, (ER EG wave Pele ek sen ede oe ae ee ee we 714% N. 15th St., Fort Dodge Tvidgate, Francis.......... Sy eee Be Win dele & 1416 4th Ave., N., Fort Dodge WACO A008, + De Dinin's vinnie tea eteeie et AS dab aa Uae sane Reuben =r Williamsburg Bee Cray,; Ey Wears ine an eee Bee a See EM, OS ny Renee 1009 Newton St., Sioux City DOO MS Aos ae ok eva UD EAS soa eal tied «he 1809 S. Lemon St., Sioux City TS ITAA EO. © Libya) ooo cniethie sivas eee iaren 0 Remount Depot, 322, Camp Dodge MMP TAC AL 55) EA ans Gree Ailes oA oh 0d» ED Ae ee alee ees 259 Hyland Ave., Ames Pore seh FES Da, ovals pa occ Lae pies malt pee oe se ee Be PT Pes Belle Plaine Montgomery, Jno........ CEN 8:5:95 de OCS BY Sls 0d 5 tae A eee ae Anamosa ROOT. dake Gre: Ws ss bb 5 oe a bb)0 8 6 NOS 0 0 bis onic ne ...ooith F, A., Camp Dodge Wedee ee CR... on aca eee eee he eae aha ...103 S. Hyland Ave., Ames TT Ol UE sok 6k hg g's Sve ee aes ae ul 313th Train Hdqrs., Camp Dodge CPE > MERWE iis ae AS 0 PL Rie © AKIRA oo DIRE e then kee ite 38003 West St., Ames AFIBON, COB so ps Se bok s o's dk MRR ce FR UE AN Ua aes bo ARES ee Sac City PEST TIS ASE Lb iis 5 ces o's cls SR RAE Oo 175th Inf. Brigade, Camp Dodge PAROPLON ced Dic eel os ce va pahe eke eee Kk Rm. 230 Exch. Bldg., Sioux City FUE WN hic 4 es 6 canoe ee iw be bb pe ee ee so 3928 Orleans St., Sioux City FULOG, Gh. 2a 0 oo bo kien 44S 6 PARE O AS ba SW ES we oe 426 E. 4th St., Ottumwa Pel Ae. Os. d os yc sola ak Cee pc tee eae 349 7th Ave., W., Cedar Rapids USING, “As hiss pues oe hema as kie sae Iowa State College, Ames DMONSON, VF. Tiss o's as G ARENe ss oc SCR NO REM S A Ras sa Se ameee ‘Cherokee SePPIILE, PA. Las s-* ne hess ie 6 Can Was W ahuse ew Eee 1009 Newton St., Sioux City SOCIO. Asc bree Noe eats Rawlins sk Sra eee 6 ee 3731 6th Ave., Sioux City Schwab, M. E...... be aia Sura plebebrcniaes se teorade 627 N. Federal Ave., Mason City SLOClG, We Ls. eee ee oh 6b MRI aes ce Amy Re eee ee Eales a ace eae Harlan BtOWHE os Ao. weil sedis wine ele es 28 in ieee ee ee eae aerate eee Tripoli SBtOWHLE, "TR... kiwis s cana sae wee eee bean 616 Kimball Ave., Waterloo BLOtt 1h eas we avis paket Re eee Aux. Remount Depot, Camp Dodge Studebaker, M. D............. Vs Saw eee SPT al Sst Rano fyi a8 Box 451, Madrid AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 277 NN Ries 62k are oo 4 acu; nie, 6. 6; «014. 0ce ims Carel e Bea hae he, Wiel eb ee. 8 ena Waterloo ECR Fad Oe a ar os a ye obras ME RO Od Pe Ole Cada 64,01 bee Eldredge MIRAE EOE. ERNE ois ote ce wes ia 00.00 313th Diy. Train. Hdaqrs., Camp Dodge MEE CURT Eee Plans aa. 6 oe hs els 6 ekin's-e Wea Aux. Remount Depot, 'Camp Dodge IR a 8 oak wine Nien a be ase 8 6 Od Tees tka eae we e's Box 332, Sac City eRe NO CR MCE Llane ck bh cle on seb eim eieas 313th Train Hdqrs., Camp Dodge OE mReR OPEL me) TT er eas ory fn GK cleo a:.0 6.4 @rein, ¥ ine 6 cash IRIE a nie © wnin oR Paullina Meritt, Meets CC Ge sas sus chee ea eee 1310 Burch Ave., Cedar Rapids BP RAPT WO Gre bec wai bdo 4 bis ncaa ee 6&4 Chale s 230 Exchange Bldg., Sioux City NEA Be OM Mie ee EUs 60 6h 0 heh awa gn ck eds $0K5 CEM As woes Winnfield NSE Bkg sh tint wis Weare dhe BA © sim Siew slate eke We Rath Packing Co., Waterloo Reman i EN SY Gk 5 aay» oo Be pm cise We tile DRE kee Mechanicsville MIRIAM fi I ERG Sieh s oo 8.6 6.6 5 Cokin Sa Ree Cpe ae ee Ottumwa _ KANSAS. MNES ge a dia a G0 e w0 wee ee ao 3715 Metropolitan Ave., Kansas City CESS ONG Seat Pe Lei cat nih epee op Goa rag eeame ..23 Federal Bldg., Kansas City DG BA Dyer ok oo eo mae ne ho. bp old pan diineieawala gs aa 214 West St., Iola PONS) Aa? Wea SU es ets Re ael dale hea sa's kash ohe bab Chimento emagid scat Hope Boyce, N: Vi... i ha Ma's Wawa caee a’ 610 Sandusky Ave., Kansas City meremmell, G. IWo. scab cc ces PUR ES Wat eer 1611 Garfield Ave., Kansas City Burgett; J. Tees: Vaya eS ets Spr ar 2132 N. 27th St., Kansas City MIAME RE BO tek woh ic! ug Bed Sieh Oo a2 0, es. wiu'ala hin so.o s OLE be bee a kk CR eee Beverly SINS Na Rasa dig 00 Whee 8a ino se MRO 6 os 416 Washington Blvd., Kansas City me es en ie Waid eek 06 6. @ ait os 628 Freeman Ave., Kansas City ROR OF he nok lad sok dns Kmsenee «..1324 Cleveland, Kansas City RIEUR ES MAM ote BP Go aca ca bbw: Ww sh gine sbeki koe Ace bce aie © 6k Ge ge Wakefield eT cE LLY Ole alk a siete Widale we Saas a 1030 Bluemont Ave., Manhattan DEOTE, WG INGS soe ss b's woes ERAT IE aa Phe ie We aig Arnold Hall, Ft. Riley NN MT Lie Sires Cas Wi aa Bd WE oeld eee can ewe ho ede oe heke vet oabun Baileyville Emme Pe. Ty. Aba eo ols bio eisiieicie. Sega wa aint Reikacia cu duck cube eee Clearwater Herchenroeder, F, L......... ree ip Poe Ber 23 Federal Bldg., Kansas City Hofferd, R. M...... ARE BU UGS ORD Plies al ale 92d Div., Vet. Detail, Ft. Riley UREN MTR goes os niin pc wig: 6.0.hsa: oh. ecpt@upiaas eo o.mia a ae K. S. A. C., Manhattan NPRM RR LS a oa ry oo ds Gin kere 00s oN Rm. 29, Live Stock Exchange, Wichita MUTE AD OSs aia cig dla val aivie:oledeip 06 plesrejieecesios 2016 Jackson Ave., Wichita NN Noe So hie yaks iase:eiailes e.e%s 20 Federal Bldg., Kansas City PRIORI. 9 ge BE is aa 6 ida 6b wd 0.0. 010ieic.v.0.0.0.0.0,0 832 Fauromer Ave., Kansas City NN ao 6 oan s acne asin cinie Hevea 214 ‘Pierre St., Manhattan NI Me ea en Can dh abs @ndu (kee Gab Che Odea eee Sedgwick NIN RR rea ai ei dicl oiecece ec oc c.cle nee celseeiaea duit B. A. I., Kansas City NM Mais Gs ole cies, cord ec dins.ece ee 1910 Central Ave., Kansas City I RN aoa gins 5) w 0:00. 0:8.00.0. 0 0 esere wie 20 Federal Bldg., Kansas City EL AEST WY Go cis cin < Pals 6.0 ole a .cc.s tele ee 0 ¥8 729. Stewart Ave., Kansas City INR gS cok ofA o's 0d Wa: 6. 0.4,0.6. 00.0 -ersie ele asibeieiac es eaabedbe .Arnold Hall, Ft. Riley Ee a dew gauinas ces eee ces 610 Parallel Ave., Kansas’ City I i I OL Sie gee sec ss 6s esa eee 1611 Garfield Ave., Kansas City Re saa x aos 6 enlists eensa eee 835 Shawnee Ave., Kansas ‘City NN Eo cn ak sia, po aie. iw “0-058! Sik Waele ES En glee Ca elec Scab ei ccnte Morrill MR ee oh as, tein w oes « Seterale 606 Oe 1952 N. 17th St., Kansas City RIE SSN Ee a Pry PrP ya 7s eh ea eee ie Tescott SUM ea ek ke sc v.ces bebe RS een 23 Federal Bldg., Kansas City OEE MG ck 6 aa 5 oo as vein CME. bee EROS 22 Federal Bldg., Topeka Ne pad og sw ou! ua 8 o00ce 44 Oe Mie 54 S. 17th St., Kansas City NNR ED 2 ois oc Ga ¢ 0 v6 0 2 8 siecew $8! -410 Parallel Ave., Kansas City I re aoe ala onc danisneeag ace 23 Federal Bldg., Kansas City ne ea boo eeale'ea eee ee s 23 Federal Bldg., Kansas City Ee ee ies ww wack eo ese 8 66.8 M. O. T. C., Vet. Section, Ft. Riley EE EG i sak od as ac ben nckcaeesian 411 N. 12th St., Kansas City KENTUCKY ee eh hd epee eb ecct eR aeUhbeas behets cues oie Frankfort CE SIN y gc Co Wiehe clecitidcccclléetsauseume .3825th F. A., West Point mawards, JI. Ri... ce. cee a Spat ee Aux. Remount aged 319, Camp Taylor Wiener, C. W...... ieee ‘he st cave we eaeee ..-.-117 S. 4th St., Danville 278 AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION FROTCOR, Ge. My oe WSS sb wae e686 OSE SR NERS S GER ee ae eee Mt. Sterling Be, Cs Sic ede bevavnieewecsens Aux. Hemeunt Depot, 319, Camp Taylor Peas, TD sais oe eke ak Ure wb ek a oe Pe en Exp. Station, Lexington GT, MES AA i Ss Se 8 Be Ec es an ee A. R. D., 31S, Camp Taylor MVle: Bennet ec ces ce hes See a vw a wt ee A olla oe ae Frankfort Wer, (GUY 6. ae vies 8S Sea ek Ble te k bo ee 2031 Alta Ave., Louisville WO, fos Lives ees weak ae eek ae bbe bbs be URE 524 Custom House, Louisville SR TN OW oe ee Te cic e wy eco mewe es 2765 Long Ave., Louisville STOR FO 5 FB. Se SUN eee Feed we 322 Raymond Ave., Louisville DA VOTG; FT. EE isc cocsal do Seas dae view ada eee 936 S. 5th St., Louisville REG: ee hie kc ee eee En Te ce eee es Rm. 524 Custom House, Louisville Wr THUOTS: APRON ec kk cicesace caw env ets A. R. D., 319, Camp Taylor LOUISIANA Berger, Bs Cvs ade oe gM'S-Bials va Or Wed CRS SEDs eee Thibodaux BIRRIGAS. Co Pio 5 ek es FES or ee ES a eee es De Ridder MIENG TRGOUOre cs ib 4s sale ree rie hv eee ees pee eee Rayville. PORES Re tis cs eo een ad whee as ceebs SEDO EOKAS SEE OESS ed Oe Oke Houma © DP OR OR. 3s 8S, os Si a Sl ots en icles 1118 Texas Ave., Shreveport Gilemane, AV, Ae Ses ou ees 2. Lisl aan: tha statin ele at ae oka Columbia MP OR Gi iA ho oa ok eld bce eek 9 aba eee eeeiasia Box 1633, De Ridder WE, Ae ad ON ho es ec 5 c5 005 6 be eRe book He Re Box 137, Natchitoches a ah Cae Oke ok 5 ea heer ke ee behees A. R. D., 314, Camp Beauregard CPGION Se is ok 4 She Oa haw oR ee Gadeveeceeciben 253 9th St., Baton Rouge COTO WN. hk 5 Sead Sli weer Lae ha tweeters cece Wee ak bs 5 ae eee Houma CPT 8s Pa IN ai i hee 40ers Kate eek aie and oe eee oe ee New Iberia Pee a orc ene cc kh ee ihe eh bee erigac mee ..Gen. Del., Lafayette SOPOGS CRO COLES os Sheil. pe wa ecernciness 603 Roumain Bldg., Baton Rouge EOUCGE. Bha oh ie we eh hob esac abet e wee wes eee eee EAT Ue ‘Box 61, Oberlin AP) OE | REN Rr cee aCe Melanin sae ....-603 Roumain Bldg., Baton Rouge WC AS ok ois. 5:5 6b wibiein oles ews bene 603 Roumain Bldg., Baton Rouge PAROS ie cE SEAS Valeo ak use ce ees it eeheeeree wena Plaquemine We a el oc Ns vo ee a RNa tee ch vo ae SNES E eS Box 480, Monroe Dir en ys) Ry. Bhs oe. eked can ces Cy para elicwae kins Chae KES Wake os bua os Franklin Olson, Sigurd....... Ue als Stas dine wie clvgl Ow b Mae d wile Mie ele eee Ue ae Benton Orchard, Py dos. be Ua wk eek a oN beats ean 115 Main St., Baton Rouge Premonte: As Todt. seit ws es Pcuucehus bee 739 North St., Baton Rouge BAIA a Vo. 64s vo Oe Seles ss Pa er ee 939 N. Blvd., Baton Rouge PRES ody CRRA ee Ber gris eeepc) nea Cabs visns san WaN BAUS UE ae See Covington ees as SANT Saag, HNBaipaaetarter yreioeare saiaea: pipcke evel a utaN cba tae! m ohincd giakatetatwhar oleh wees Crowley Pr hs on Ses Ser cen er ano mes 603 Roumain Bldg., Baton Rouge Seackmen Fh oie Cas 6 ae sata e on ew seen P. O. Box 465, Alexandria Garis. MV. aie ae eis Cian en elewede sav ceeeases mace Denham Springs RPGs i a ok iN AN Obes C0 Oa venedes 115 Main St., Baton Rouge WEG ANP Bea oh Ck wine Sa anenas deh inne bac Box 214, Lake Charles Warren Rh, H....... eee tend ld ea Scihiere mine tals 201 Linden St., Hammond WOpaIer, CORAA. oi kkk oo chk i en ie sol ohies wr ayeintaswice sein: weteeaters Box 301, Marksville WOMOr abs ee gs os Ss 0 5 a hv a Rinteee a inie wibin aps be leis nie Re ees VE Jonesboro MAINE Bete Fe Ws ie i sig aks RE SS SEE Ss eA eee cre os Fort Kent Cauehiin, : Diss is bias in taeda Creek re oe Exchange Hotel, Houlton Potter, he 'T os he ss ks Oh ee a aes been eee Box 273, Calais MARYLAND ACOs f. ERs oa ve he a he ee tt wee Remount Depot, Camp Meade Brown Wi Fee css os hs ee oe wa we eo bie ose eee ems GA eres oo ee Frederick Camphetl \G. By ici ke VER ae wa 347 Hendrie St., Detroit SEMEL IMS S35 ves 6 66 be 8 EW 4 ON 89's 0 0 bis s eRe Old State Block, Lansing IMCL SU GAG ob. 'd 'w'e wos or8 borer 10 e'p ale woaratelets 1268 Theodore St., Detroit SN MRE 80, rte y's “ain é@lniace's «se 0 Kou + eae bk amwe Montevideo MISSOURI URN rd Ml sik Ps s 'p:'us Wve osteo tah eleighelcl ole e'e'e sldhetere’s 5077 Vernon Ave., St. Louis A OTS Say toe NPN Pee ie are eee Pee ere Pk ew hee rie av.) Eldon ie ia Oy Ce RSA E SERGE LE DOE AVERSA 8th and Garden St., St. Joseph cy PE TEAS BONA Per ee De ee ee eee eee _..422 Lee St., St. Joseph Derek. Pies bide. id eR Ubre aiaie aia dt ddtaisieslgiein 2230 Felix St., St. Joseph MS RNR BD Doce a © Grete ane. ok. 0: 6. 026. vee reneiei'wievo'ene 3746 Highland Ave., Kansas City PERI RR TUG UG eee Pe Cee cadavee ...532 E. Missouri Ave., St. Joseph i gs THEE TRS OP SIC b or aea Gee ty era aria 500 Live Stock Exchange, Kansas City AN Ie ee L6G kc Gis chose vc v's ee eyes 1705 E. 36th St., Kansas City NES UE ss ged PF ie te a gS a a LR Sr 3709 Agnes St., Kansas City ROO per, DAG iii ees as Pee hike bh ess CARAS 5902 Walnut St., Kansas City SNR 0c IDG Gp bea 6. seN 0 V 88s db dso oe 8 8 oR 3503 Wyoming St., Kansas City Ds OSG Eb kids Od LEA bs esas 4416 Fairmount Ave., Kansas City PE AP eee Ue eee bi eda da ei sees ean 4541 Chouteau Ave., St. Louis BOS Oe ia re ae aera rer are ear eee irl 402 S. Main St., Clinton I aaa ca eee ck iad es cues 3430a McKean Ave., St. Louis CE OD cia teee asd 084.405 85885. Ok: 3606 College Ave., Kansas City RN Bee ids ld oid“ dc 'dlure ‘a ‘ele 's's'e ce a Sw lahate 2605 Duncan St., St. Joseph MEMEO Ts Sala bie bg bd W020 vice Se 0! ioe ele gb e's ea elv'eie 1948 Calhoun St., St. Joseph PMRREAR Me Eble hsb dina ws ow oie! oi eeie' oes e' e's or etate’s 2740 Tracy Ave., Kansas City NN BPE ig ls 6s are nei e'dicre%sie'e'ale'a's'e sleiete 317 Argyle Bldg., Kansas City NE REST IL od 5! bry 5) city" ain'v e's we oben ee less bb's 5907 Lake Ave., St. Joseph Oe ee sa a ak Soha aide oo’ 6 n'alais’ oo el ait 1506 S. 25th St., St. Joseph A I LS nae ar ar err ie ear 602 Independence Ave., St. Joseph PMN RG rg ge iclntetatalis’eleleiele's leigiehe'ele'e ts 2712 N. 21st St., St. Louis NN A WC is a4 wo aru 020’ k a a Siareip.e’e ® sb Rm. 800, Exchange, Kansas City IA aR OWN GA is hose chee e occas 724 Bennington Ave., Kansas City 280 AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION —_—— Melos, . Avsw.cscece set cubes vaeeeees 1125 Ridenbaugh St., St. Joseph Mutziver, Goo Tisi ies eins ecawnser eee aed 425 Lee Ave., Sta. D., St. Joseph McNally, Hos tees ch bese eens eeene 2816 Monterey St., St. Joseph NMaves, J. Massa sie oe PLE Tw aa rele ag A 1923 Lawn Ave., Kansas City New ber’; ARON ies sins cae ee Gee 2518 Harrison St., Kansas City Newman, 3s 76 Giwandk coun dea ons eh ee 3015 Bartold Ave., Maplewood Costen; i tel S695 twee pee oe ea bee 809 S. Vandeventer Ave., St. Louis Park 5dy antes peace s Gan vo a0 Ne bs ee te el we oie Box 42, West Plains PattorBen, Ws Ii isis eke aes C4 trek oe Cae 3947 Agnes Ave., Kansas City Pickett. THGG: ic sStas ol omen bie we a heb eas 3304 Chestnut St., Kansas City RAth Mare Gs. A isis as Uh on as ae aan oe a kek we eee 1535 Chelsea, Kansas City Sappington: MAAN, nice kaw e ce eB oo se 3323 Montgall Ave., Kansas City StingieveO. Ree iss Ss sh kek ee oe See he 6 a ees 1317 E. 29th St., Kansas City Swims Be Hc. Asta olets 1p igtpletata iy ieie eiewes 4435 Scarritt Ave., Kansas City SCUMOTOT: Fos Ee. EEN oe Se wos 38215 Anderson Ave., Kansas City SRRGECCR Al. 25) fs SSR Tae Sh Le ereee eee 5149a Page Ave., St. Louis SR av An, cE ) Ran' i wes Sia i ied ales gee bie oo «ee.--215 E. Calo. Ave., St. Joseph Limmerrman; Ts dot iin iiss it leet honaees 4121a Hartford St., St. Louis fe) at 2 Rig oe, a Ae OR OA Shee 4310 S. 28d St., Omaha APPAR, CRE. CS ieic'k faa ss SMG aes Ae eat 4201 S. 20th St., South Omaha GCtertaorn, Ai Gas... 2b-s0 Sey 2 ye iy -4418 S. 21st St., South Omaha FIAE DOU i) das sate + cee Sake pas gin aie ace scp a aba imal arn, a ake cee rfooper FURY War Sid 6 lady's soca aes Os keke bana sak .....4310 S. 238d St., Omaha RAAT BD IL SUC WA eativits keds EEN 4 ¢ Cd hin oelee 6 eens 2820 F St., South Omaha TEGO. EB ae ein x bi She ca bce so 0 baer kiko 0 os wee Box 343, Central City FEOrih, FW sah sieve gates iad piatiia sas ice .....care of Claremont Inn, Omaha BlnG, Gy Oss. ou ek sce his Via s 5 ¢ 08S haan sae 4228 S. 21st St., Omaha Melchiorsen, W. G........ Saito; s 0+ RRR eo bee biiece 3609 S. 28th St., Omaha Murdaeoch, J. Wisasessee Gees ts 6 cee ae eras 3810 S. 28d St., South Omaha POrry!) A, MM spins wae Rees + bebe buae oe ea va 2005 J St., South Omaha OOMC, FLOM Y..36 55.66 wlan Acs Mow ois ie’ kee wee 4216 S. 22d St., Omaha FLOPSLteon, We. Mis iieviscuu cea sue a sigs ib wie ave o Mee aay 4212 S. 22d St., Omaha Ruck MavA, 264 siete ese wane aNd Sob ese i ade ae Pe ae 4426 S. 20th St., Omaha Soviet), BES. Sa 5 Reape RAM repr enn eee eae Sie ate onae 2615 D St., South Omaha Stougs, Adc ss 055-05 s soe bneeh Files: gtgitille oscccecee - 1904 H St., South Omaha Sullivan; 8S) Wo.6c. des ere. cee ee 4831144 S. 24th St, South Omaha TAYVION, Bid, sigs Bes o's os § Petite « Bp Re Fe ie 3613 S. 28th St., South Omaha AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 281 TAY Or GL ss se PMR iat G8 6k een a's ls e'n res wie ee wih cvs eo 524 N. 33d St., Omaha RSME MN eee a UNS cc wold 4 eM aV OSU eas veer ee des oes Cem Utica IRENE MR UE Geno 1a ky aiulle! Wo a'sie eiard.c aie'e!s Wace ee 08 2308 E St., South Omana RR alias gies ciglc G'-d'e'o'e's 6 W's 'pie's 0 0nd Wtetde ase '0* 3814 S. 27th St., Omaha RT a a ee dois dg wid a ¥. seid a dv b0rs Cees seas s'e 4428 S. 22d St., Omaha NEW JERSEY TC Aa oO as a aiscee sac ee Cbs cease ees 80th F. A., Camp Merritt NERVOUS car aa gis a en's Gap a Sree a. 5 02s 8.0 0 3's 45 Ravine Ave., Jersey City MERE GR SL ae Cela 's ce ce tke steed sees 527 Benson St., Camden CNRS Re a, ee eo ce og bide Kee Me eae wee 350th F A., Camp Dix NN UP, Ce es Sara iy uc oie a 6 's.4 o 4:6 @ 04 4-0 Box 33, Woodbury Heights WMS ME OM ee ea ad 6a ss.0 ie 010 Ves vib cis'sv cade A. R. D., 303, Camp Dix PIRI WY isl gle Rae Wie a while tine <2 bcs osc ences 53 Forest Ave., Hawthorne I Be a pial shard ba. wid od ccele oo ts 0c ops 04:8 00 0 tk ede bine Bordentown OURAN A ra ee Ss bb a ore se 4s 0 6 ae o'e'k 6 oe 20 Federal Bldg., Jersey City Oe la a oo ud 0's 0 0 to sees 24 Federal Bldg., Paterson AM ae eer Or Ni aicibiaie <0». 6 6'e acs Sa ccss ccesces sep eeuine Bloomsbury DN Ei Oo ie po cic sc cccccaceus Camp Veterinarian, Camp Dix ee iL gs co 5 a0 sel v6 Oe son ee eee a e's A. R. D., Camp Dix a es MN Mara Gg gg o's bs 0's vo 0 0.0 0.0 6 sivin vic 6 b 0 ncalateie A. R. D., Camp Dix EN UNIO a alk es ons bc bes Veisccecvwreees A. R. D., Camp Dix eNO 2 G75! cg pk e's 620 4 0 80 0 op es 5% 250 S. Burnett St.; East Orange EE ea ne oo F 4 o's wo 0 0 0,65 06 bic o Wie WS OR ge Vue ep Frenchtown SARA I ha yb as ig She eee eke cbewcan eres 24 P. O. Bldg., Paterson EO BUR Bile a sie dn C04 e460 8ccccscess 268 Armstrong Ave., Jersey City pos NEW MEXICO MUNIN a AE e's Sala ug ole d's eso 0.0) malts Wa wiGlae 0 ele Box 464, Albuquerque ERS SPs, soca. g, 0, 00.00 0.0.05 0. c018.6 Post Vet. Hosp., Camp Furlong I I a COLL GG d Shela: 0-6 dae-sie ics wis Minis G60 mie pees 107 Oak St., Clayton Shorten, BR: Ls... i... ha aoa b's 6 Sek Pe A. R. D., Camp Cody, Deming NEVADA Mari, W. Bic... Se aaa bee EM see os University of Nevada, Reno IEEE PE ee Se ce evwcevesve betwee veces University of Nevada, Reno NEW YORK NUN SER ais sisi oak Gk’ vnien' eos ooo Ede ecie a otees 193 S. 9th St., Brooklyn TE See SRN gf ohh ad) aa? 9 a: oe Ae! oot 0860.0 0's Sees vacates 241 Decatur St., Brooklyn MUIR PUR CTIERYN cs 4 Ck coe ek act co's 518 E. Houston St., New York City MNES Oe (EE lai feos a0 die 0 vos onc Melee voeewde eee 1852 63d St., Brooklyn RINT Ses sO ed os 6 5 60646 )6 4 'e 0 00 6 wb we 96 Indian Church Road, Buffalo RN a es So ona''g tose 4. 6:0 0 0, 0)eca a om Crmeee ana’ 629 Clinton St., Buffalo I rg i 15 so 0. 0.6).0.5,0,0,0 0.0: 0,0:0.6:8 waves aalele 1817 Morris Ave., Bronx IS Bs Ne Gale ie a Pate n Me cde oe 50 Harrison St., New Rochelle SRI, MEN ay es Sw we te gee mes ....149 Clinton Ave., Brooklyn NEN RM hia ohare oi Pia. sisie dba «bs oe oe Vet. Camp, Camp Upton, Long Island ren GOMES a 5he gy ah oe bs ec'ee «ee 1320 Bay St., Rosebank, Staten Island NINN PR SEPM NA a 50h. v Wilash. 9. 00.09.00, 0.0 .4.00b, 6 6.516. dues 323 W. 34th St., New York INN rie I itd aia B's G16 16 bc cco oo pbb e 90.6 HOMER 69 Monticello Ave., Buffalo NN MNRIRIIAIE iri aig fs 6.6, 06,000 4 0 o's 0 0 vi clwieieiens Wee eal 104 W. 42d St., New York I UN a. aE aie wy 6 0a ele' 0.06 Whe wick + CAO em 50 Granite St., Brooklyn oad ses. o's 6.9 5,5 a piece b 4.0.0. Che Raw eee 4 oe pene ® Chester CTL es Dect tees ita Gg nd ick > MRS Sco 129 S. 12th Ave., Mt. Vernon NTL MCN Sura go soo > 00 wueance 409 Spencer Trask Bldg., Albany UN RM cd, siding tp w oes 4.0.0 0\d 06.6 0 Oba a Oe 116 30th St., Woodcliff ERI hy BEd 66s VN oisieie c,c.e.0 iho:d,e sinimate kata ance 1426 Clinton Ave., Bronx I UN ek oe egies 6.0.0) 6.00109 0 0.0 male 530 E. 17th St., New York ET PANO Na iy irae a dvs o!e.-< ab $4. 10)-0-vi 0.0: 0b 0a aha eve 65 E. 106th St., New York END ig ris A arg ace a a. a ele, 0.0. «6 0,0.0:4,0'0 0,0. otbierace 109 Sterling St., Brooklyn TPO TR be Us Big.d 0s 'n b vies ns care Depot Q. M., 39 Whitehall St., New York I Sik oa saa 6.s.6:b)e.e,0. 0,00 bisa 0 glean 159 W. 126th St., New York ME WE MEA Ciao agree ne 'e $.9'0,0 0 0 voce be © wisieinwints 267 Moffatt St., Brooklyn Kock, Hermann..........ssseseeeeeeeeeeeeee00 Bushwick Ave., Brooklyn . 282 AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION ioten: ii Rio ose as SeececcbeneebeerehaspeeL Bo 440th Su ee Ore Deon 34 6 Tia, , acne a ee eee 122 State St., Albany hone; Albert. ie. ei scasa ress ae xe oe ePks ema 144 Decatur St., Brooklyn yon; Be M 2c bk he ae Pee eee ecb vee keer Pens eee Pearl River iY: 22 6 V Aree 11 0s egret ren gee ance soe weal ey pre ae kee PEM ene 620 E. 158th St., New York MecAustin; David. <'..¢os's's op Rig Wo sic Chie ea bleh gee Box 441, Hobart NR OM Da ae sc wig te aN © ome as warn =. ss ebb iw ale ys Sona eres eee Eufaula OREGON eye NE NEE la ak Wid Wi viyie' a bo a'k & Oe ww oa oboe 08 402 U. S. Custom House, Portland UM ieee kas koe cs sv soc é's thes TA ; PENNSYLVANIA NTE te Cages heh Canc hs wee ed oboe dcuuen see ee Grove City Anderson, A. Ry..... Beas Wie elate oe a sake Smee 742 Kennedy Ave., Johnstown MN AN TOEE ee ee fo) CA uk as wee Soe 8 1128 Wagner Ave., Philadelphia NE MA ee Qh dt Seg Weak da¥ 6” as 0x 0-0-9" oebdtatenenehat hee beacarardyeresesuueuocenitees Bloomsburg Se Es ehh ne va bt e's oe e886 ais oa cele taca te vile 1824 Arch St., Philadelphia RS I ie ar al gy sw et a Widiois co's « Sigal s ucatup eq lolpaliem aiaiss Fredericksburg EN ES PEs eg eh Ce Nis s ov duet. +s Ga wie Md ow sk owk wD Confluence a Pier yh bea ae di 0.6 + cab od o CRM CMM ARE 6 BOSSA RD Tremont RN AML ES Coc Sev Gkvececcubecese 1247 N. 28th St., Philadelphia RE ea ka), gS iu. bose ww 0:6 abhiww cara arereceubea Ae oul 151 Main St., Bath I FD Rr a. Od oe wee bi o0 eb aed es keep ante Meee Emans UN AN aa god 4c dale’ ue «0 apy vila v cine wind oldse wie wae Hummelstown NEI Mr ee ka, Lk dc co tba « Aaa eC L Tek ee New Freedom BME PERS d ein alls a Sebib ws co cae oe 6705 Lansdown Ave., Philadelphia NE ROTI T gi0550g W Gedo ode oo o's sc node ub ars 3601 Walnut St., Philadelphia DO Marie es es Kec cc ec wee ceca 71 W. Jackson St., Wilkes-Barre SN MIU hi SSS se alc ee otc coe sb 419 S. 68d St., Philadelphia Hardenbergh, J. G....Army Vet. Lab., 39th and Woodland, Philadelphia SEE FERS CE SSI ro ea ae SO ae 3729 N. 15th St., Philadelphia I Ny S Bar gi on cA Vis s \a 0 nce oc wicseis onal eack 746 Main St., Slatington PON A e ade iis dina ien 0 a's 39th and Woodland Ave., Philadelphia MM i eee is WR Seek occ ce ec ee 114 Ardmore Ave., Philadelphia LN Ns keke wos oceans 241 S. Main St., Wilkes-Barré 284 AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION Bag 5 aos Ba ae earner oped ete Syren sory meee Tu 8 NC me 419 Vine St., Scranton Meetien; F.2D eect Meee asa saa 4054 Pouelton Ave., Philadelphia MGR So Gs 55 CSS CAG ae eee eee 1927 S. 17th St., Philadelphia Maven OR Betas Pa ea WV rs ee ee ee ee Canton pO 34(2) ga ae § PEP eee pops. Surin Sure arya yer yy as SO Reta aR. Brooklyn Weal, CoC iW ils Se a ek a ee re ek ce eles a ee ta ae ...Glenolden CPLeary, J5 ree 85 Sa eee seen 207 E. Ridley Ave., Ridley Park Parkers0on, Crk feccicaks cncehek tie cee 1650 N. 6ist St., Philadelphia Prothero: Wie Be eee es Sev ea hs oo a ee 109 Main St., Johnstown BUCY |: GW ae wate eset inrs be Ga eo eg we ee ee be oe eek win Dobie ew cera Newhope Monies Fo Cees eee oO Fea ck ee oe bb os ae ceoee Beaver Springs Schneider. Re Be csp or eien ese eee 536 Rockland St., Philadelphia Siesta ik Fe SS caw a ake ea kis @ Oa ew boa ns DR OR RESUS Vas Harrisburg Swark, Gb. Tess Po eS ca eas a ee ee le ea Ok Tee Revere Whiite, THOR cis is clee has cea asa eeee eee 1210 S. 28th St., Philadelphia SIDOG A Rascas cane ssh CA eee ee ee kere me 1223 Arch St., Pittsburgh Solic. ASTRAL < sss cig ck AR eee 3216 Columbia Ave., Piitladeipem RHODE ISLAND Cherrington. hs Sa. sven de hiro ena eeot 152 Webster St., Pawtieicet SOUTH CAROLINA Bowley; Bhs Bs otras eRe chess Urbrese 1315 Marion St., Columbia PROV hd Oh ORS RR ii dvainie dle cage swe ace ... Walterboro BYODUGSS, FAs (Riess ois sen Oe Sek tess 3a 55.0. 05 0 Me oe da ee ee Georgetown BU CUASAT Se WV ire is se eiie ais Mia Salve alas Shan eee ba eee Clemson College Dixon; 3. Des edew aw ace a0 bib ia eis wae dae leaned bee nie we were Columbia OPES A WW Bas ea 2S FAR eh ee ewan A. R. D., Camp Jackson Gallager Pe 0s Foi os bea cbs ee ree eee ag gee oe Columbia Hirieoman: Lite We Bs 66sseceds Cis ta waee Depot Brig. 156, Camp Jackson EPO ERs; Eh soba ok on eet lb win cheb khan kes eee eee ee eee oes oe Cie SER I 0S ns ce Ae obra baie io ee as a oe ee ee bie oe Summerville PPO VIBCOD; Lit OB OW. ics 64 3 bu oN US etek oa eb oe a Cates ee Springfield Rawson, G. W......eeeseves V. OF. BC. A R. D., 307, Camp Wadsworth PeeUereOn, Lit Ba IN ou kas oF eas een ke wee Animal Emb. Depot, Charleston SOUTH DAKOTA POI, IN o s'6 o's oO oa es os bok Wn Ce ARS ES, Saou eno piper ewe ira args | YE Clark eee haps Clin sin. cce've ly ecaiacose) sin 6h geen + DE "417 Franklin Ave., Sioux Falls MOPARS PAS TRA haipain oso Gthes ss 5 DARREN 0 wa ie cana 411 W. 1ith St., Sioux Falls MAELO CATIOT) LD e Bo oo kha 0 6 0 sh eRe o Uigre, 5, oa be Reh ee of heey L, Sioux Falls TENNESSEE Wermonan; DOA W ss. sis ces ved oes Sate ae care of Kenoker Bros., Nashville pg ERS RES BONES Se, Poe Cea BER Aha eae | Roa eae APES my pemirps oa re Sm Union City TEXAS POTTER Mn ah aes ck Wsophous Cas os ss eeenee bak aes ee Brenham PO US oA < disisah os hb bd Doe es saben on 606 Flatiron Bldg., Ft. Worth RAOTIOCE ee io hc 5 hee eae Box 242, A. & M. College, College Station SSOTP IRC RO Ae d Siiis es 6 6 decw'wig Rie a oeeeeee- 80th F. A., Camp McArthur PROTO TS V0 8. 5 EE aa «csc CAG oo Mes 6 aisse 315 E. 4th St., Ft. Worth Brien) We A ik ee. iach © ANA as. GORGES 8.8 A. R. D., 329, Camp Travis PUP OR 2 BECP IO GE iis siege sc azn 5.00 Hara: ae 1325 N. Houston Ave., Ft. Worth Caraway Cr Pi es PERN a eee se 1607 Clinton Ave., North Ft. Worth POP Wisc ls Pe DASE Qoghe Sree ges Senet Er Pops 202 Live Stock Exchange Bldg., Ft. Worth Cole 8s Were subalsrvia tc dope 5-ci'éce reed icp ial oi pitas b wa ao Shewe .... Weatherford Combs; Tay Ges Gee ee Res 0s a ee 602 Flatiron Bldg., Ft. Worth Cra wtord, Capt: Ni Nees 2hak ss cise ...-Camp Vet., Camp McArthur Cama yy Me ET. oa. Soe GAs ea ee ee 309th Cav., Ft. Sam Houston CraEROc THALry = iia Ne wee e eee 606 Flatiron Bldg., Ft. Worth Fiartenes, lat. J. Es i wa eee eee: 5th U. S. Cavalry, Ft. Bliss Faworths a. Bo. ee ks 218 Live Stock Exchange Bldg., Ft. Worth Paerard, Ce os os SHR aes Wt eho ee OS 1408 Lagonda Ave., Ft. Worth Hobdy 2 WOE. oo eee Se a ew 525 Chronicle Bldg., Houston Horstman, A WEE easy Ae ee ce Oe 606 Flatiron Bldg., Ft. Worth AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 285 Mee EE io har isa Vs ass edbedinn ones 602 Flatiron Bldg., Ft. Worth Petter, HH sees ees: 218 Live Stock Exchange Bldg.; Ft. Worth mee Ne o's Gi wk doo ok he o_o 9 604 ne ORR RP Ee Ree > Raab ese ¥ 9-407 Clarksville DAU ATIOST, POC WIE ve o's nce wines ese’ care Food Inspection Dept., Texarkana PROC I Is A. Bis 0:0 0 ba Eos 9th Engrs. Mtd., Camp Courshesne, El Paso I ET ri Ri Ae 4b x Gre wed 6 wen) 0 WN aes wee 1610 Homan Ave., Ft. Worth NNT PR er a cay cs cin'e's o'b'e o 8s ete Hdars. 7th Div., Camp MacArthur Ne aa ee Le de, wa places sab 00.8 6 Ge wee A. R. D., 329, Ft. Sam Houston PE Ww eBEs CaEN dese co oe ome care Chamber of Commerce, Sherman Re i baw oie fe om aime ate aa 1512 Lipscomb St., Ft. Worth SUE Sw a a wo 8b 6 80 ERS Wee ae 306 Federal Bldg., Houston I ENR <2 S's aiech 9a ko ee ap atelee ee 606 Flatiron Bldg., Ft. Worth 5 ey one Sin sie eke he « FAS eR R EEO care ‘Court House, Dallas PERROTT MN Rs co eins wie 6a w dae see © alee es Seip eee ere eee peters Hillsboro I Ee nce ak Sas clhvuttiaiencece st '..910 Park Ave., Ft. Worth ENR. EROES sn: 5 855 0-0 bled we bem wmelde so 6o 4 306 Federal Bldg., Houston SUNNNNPEE CGT MOS i oped ioe 4 dk ON ee ae 18 ebb 4 hn 2512 Roosevelt Ave., Ft. Worth MN EF MR ak Sk niw 6 4b cate yeaa et ele wie Ca ee 606 Flatiron Bldg., Ft. Worth ESET MR ei te ork Al chee gid ak Ws Ge)e eck SBIR 6 4 Cie ACO W Oe ok SE os Lufkin Be RN os hs a n'e bre wow Wo 0 ack. 8 1406 N. Houston St. ,Fort Worth NS WOON Pt oe ae oe Date e ae hae cd wk A. R. D., 329, Ft. Sam Houston NERO POND en aa we 6 keg arp wiggles ae < sms wee n's 062 Deep Eddy Ave., Austin VERMONT ed a ee aS ab a luW 6 6 chee eR « Ge dc 208 King St., Burlington UR I Sag, uia'e' ga oC 5 sg ale il dw a's 0 care Comm. of Agri., St. Albans TAR Ee ee cig Se ue bos 3 own wee ORES 310th Cav., Ft. Ethan Allen VIRGINIA DER Oe es LA c leis «bal Walks; duis Slo waie's Vet. Train. School, Camp Lee MER BI MNT fern ees odin Sly hig vt Go) Sains oldies eis le 611 Chestnut St., Portsmouth EGER, a Wie wale Rawle dN ek ae we Cea ee ee hee 8 Vv. T. S., Camp Lee OS Bie VERS CRESS a a a ee BP arab A GS eae 418 Lyric Bldg., Richmond ME A UMN Ds I gic cau w pelos 9 cee Bh ire ee 6 sie V. T. S., Camp Lee NE ES ges aE. cis spite es eis ....316 N. Henry St., Richmond NE RR EEL i Uda 6's! Wud 8 Chiles wigia'pic dow we Bib 225 N. High St., Harrisonburg Glover, G. S..British Rem. Comm., 3509 Huntington Ave., Newport News ME OER cg the oc. 6s 6 uss ba #8 0 ee 3508; Huntington Ave., Newport News Ed SP as Se ila eg Gk bck 4 RIES co ewe Oba b a wees Box 416, Bristol I a ck Lh saw ous boa boo a wlpeee cs Wa VU winiele oa Reed Harristonburg NS Os eee te oa aa aie bisa 0 0 « Staipia.g]? © mele o OEM ee or Middletown DIEGO ME Sodas a arege sa pe cd's sec epes Vet. Train. School, Camp Lee 1 Saat ila 1 9" SE i oe gle po an In OS Vet. Train. School, Camp Lee NN eR ip ge os Ge cdg bias mite oa aah 801 Hanover St., Fredericksburg a RE PS ieee ae eb iee 6 0 Ss uN ss 0 MES scare ul eituw ss swims dane We oA Luray NINN WR Rat a cee ari W ie ed bc ak G0 see 0 sheers Vet. Train. School, Camp Lee NE Ml ore oa OS pte beg aio W oiwis boo o: CAR w 00 oe aw wi haie’s ow s.b se Hampton UM ge a ee Sao Ss s 6 2 ed S06 WHMIS W See wees 046 «ib Dunmore WISCONSIN CRE Ml as kc dacs tad Bes cece 819 Wentworth Ave., Milwaukee I Bi oe hia ah wi nso n ose S < 50 0:0 Saath 4.0 90 Oh ghee ¥ 9 5 aia p'dle Spring Valley ET Fete Sk Scigs «ss hic a OREM ns CREASES ecb thay ww aD Portage RS ea ao 6d 6 ark kw a oc 6 pikine’s 0 be bb 6 6 aces eek oa Menomonie ENRRRED Si aueeiice sich eS sic an co lee ss Uhs + 094 weg ne Park Hotel, Madison I MBCA EU Pee GS iiald oo c'b bes ec-0 ce dean ss 933 Mound St., Milwaukee IE SR EE ea. ee bbe sc cseccvane 778 Farwell Ave., Milwaukee ERM Re aie O's Ge ey ce cn a. cee eee 548 Linebarger Terrace, Milwaukee EE RB nn Ging pus 3 orn 00,04 bh eiea 1206 First Ave., Eau Claire MEM weer ai ess ececeseus 2124 University Ave., Madison ee ge Ces Ss wee eicleaue es wie 360 First Ave., Milwaukee i eS he Wb o oe abi b alee hue ow Natee is bees Lodi SIME, Clee Pet tS ice ails wahs «i's os bbb heme S 617 6th Ave., Milwaukee pimeltzer, H. A........ Bb aahh eal oie. 6 w kiashe-o «(phe RR aNd oak Cheha Baldwin I eR DS are ites kl. cP k ws pe eeec ee euees 6240 Delaware Ave., Milwaukee 286 AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION Snyder, Simon S....care R. E. Cochrane, 450 Greenbush St., Milwaukee Prien; We Ae ets Ca ea ew se ae eee ...432 Federal Bldg,, Milwaukee PAN GONE, FA: Ces ola dt edwae ed snied War ee ero 737 Farwell Ave., Milwaukee As Te ae C6MmDs. AL Wisc csiseeas ist Reserve Supply Train, A. P. O. 708, A. E. F. mawards, Mei Ts Bs estr cat cccsnss setae Div. Vet., 87th Div., A. E. F. MATE, Esso Es ecko wee i ek os ce ea eee ae es 341st F. A, A. E. F. Perdue, Boo Bi sa sos cee ws ee ees hee care Chief Surgeon, A. E. F. Ration. Ve Tiss yes Saba were cs Fay eae oe a has Vet. Hosp. 9, A. E. F. BPSED, yw ee ea ee coe eee Pee acces ene es care Chief Surgeon, A. E. F. ew hdl 7 ee Oe : Eh RR pee SNL me Nr A Meta at Fea LS, eRe ye py Nas I Vet. Hosp. 10, A. E. F. CANADA SRI. 20 S98 bn pd ae oo geek 88 City Councillors St., Montreal, Quebec BOR Fc ee a orc ata nice shh ob oO ee ene oe ae 6 oe 20 Pansy Ave., Ottawa PTS PONS Be EU is pase cee Saree oe eeene bee 48 Centre St., Montreal, Quebec bi fest 150 1 St GAAS GPR apg 120 Upper Prince St., Charlottetown, P. E. Island PALI WY Bare es dei ae nae PEM eee we 273 E. Dundas, Toronto, Ontario Brookes, W. T....Wildlohne Sattair, Ladysmith, Vancouver Island, B. C. CAMDEN 2. Mie Ut sa bee eee Phas he ees bes ON 8 Edward St., Toronto SRP OSs Me Ree as a bb 476 SR ERY bee Oe Op een + bane ans Millgrove, Ontario PR SOURIIG, (OE OU ik nibs see's ate aie 6 <'85 os 67 Drummond 8t., Montreal, Quebec PIG tO akc WEG wk ce 5. 4 BO as ES ba eee eee Eriksdale, Manitoba eRe)” NG seekers in a oAd a mtn oe an « 223 Lasalle Rd., Verdun, Montreal, Quebec CSIRO Be DS cob ce cn oe. © nha a ke ee 6 Oe eee ale Govan, Saskatchewan TAGHOCTSOR. Wo As es os oe cee eee sss os 11 Daly Ave., Stratford, Ontario SAO SS oie ae cee ta vere ress ass eke ee Charlottetown, P. E. I. Be WRT, WA. oss skeen ie eee 140 Gladstone Ave., Hamilton, Ontario PICUCRSIUAN, Pe eee on eee 1220 Mount Royal Ave., Montreal, Quebec Meteneth AC. Ass Sissi tas ed ean eves Vet. Research Lab., Lethbridge, Alta. DEOOROW bis 6s Ciweieddccn ods vs avg ewe eweteee eee eedewes Vermilion, Alta. MES, ES. Sere Sk 0a wb hee: 0 eet s 10: 0-0cos ia rs pe tb Ae p's ol ble ata Consecon, Ontario CANAL ZONE. Porter FO OF eG tA is one eek tos esos Seo ee ettaee Box 411, Cristobel PHILIPPINES Sumerlong, M. D...... Coll. of Vet. Science, U. P. 722, Tayuman, P. I. Pearriols, V WCONLG si «dig ath h aoe oes Bureau of Agriculture, Manila, P. I. San Augustin, Gregorio.College of Vet. Science, Univ. of the Philippines, Manila, P. I. Merchant, E. S. D....Coll. of Vet. Science, Univ. of Phil., Manila, P. I. Lenton, Capt. W....M. C., Commanding No. S. V. E. S., B. E. F., France ATTENDANCE AT A. V. M. A. MEETING AT PHILADELPHIA, 1918. MEMBERS. ALABAMA—C. A. Cary, J. F. Conner. ARKANSAS—R. M. Gow. CALIFORNIA—George H. Hart, Harry Malcolm. COLORADO—I. E. Newsom, G. A. Nehr. CONNECTICU T—Thomas Bland, Charles L. Colton, J. L. Devereaux, V. M. Knapp, P. T. Keeley, Earle F. Schofield, Oscar Schreck, J. M. Whittlesey. DELAWARE—Harry McDaniel, Jr., H. B. McDowell, Fred T. Rubl. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA—D. E. Buckingham, L. B. Ernest, C. P. Fitch, Major P. A. Fish, J. W. Graham, U. G. Houck, O. B. Hess, Jno. R. Mohler, James R. Mahaffy, B. H. Ransom, Major J. Turner, Theo. Schondau, J. A. Viernan. GEORGIA—W. M. Burson, W. W. Webb. U. S. S. IDAHO—Wm. S. Wright. PERO eS ae aN ‘ 2 = 7 a = =. or : oe i AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 287 ILLINOIS—E. L. Bertram, S. E. Bennett, W. F. Christiansen, D. M. Campbell, L. Enos Day, J. J. Ferguson, Chas. Frazier, J. F. Hernshien, J. J. Hayes, R. E. Hittle, C. O. Kroener, W. B. Hoimes, W. N. Neii, N. S. Mayo, Geo. A. Lytle, E. L. Quitman, H. R. Ryder M. P. Whitten, C. A. White. INDIANA—W. J. Armour, J. L. Axby, Edw. A. Cahill, W. B. Craig, J. A. Dragor, J. E. Gibson, J. O. Greeson, G. W. Horner, H. C. Moore, Jno. D. McLeay, L. E. Northrup. IOWA—H. D. Bergman, Lioyd E. Foster, J. D. Grossman, H. H. Havner, G. H. Johnson, J. S. Koen, H. S. Murphy, C. H. Stange, R. D. Wall, I. D. Wilson. KANSAS—Jas. Fleming, L. M. Goss, B. M. Murphy, G. M. cen: Jos. P. Scott, A. Trickett. KENTUCKY—S. F. Musselman, R. T. Pontius, Francis O. Schneider, D. E. Westmorland. LOUISIANA—W. H. Dalrymple. MARYLAND—R,. H. Forsythe, J. Huebschmann, Frank M. Keller, C. E. Poe, R. C. Reed, W. C. Reeder, E. C. Schroeder, Hulbert Young. MAINE—W. L. Mebane, W. H. Robinson, Hy. B. Wescott. MASSACHUSETTS—E. R. Brackett, B. F. Calley, W. H. Dodge, Wm. J. Hennessey, W. S. Plaskett, Benj. D. Pierce, L. A. Paquin, J. M. Robinson, Warren L. Thayer, J. W. Winchester, Wm. T. White. MICHIGAN—S. Brenton, A. B. Curtier, Geo. W. Dumphy, J. S. Don- ald, H. Preston Hoskins, T. F. Krey, R. P. Lyman, H. L. Schuh, H. E. Slater, J. R. Wardle, R. H. Wilson. MINNESOTA—Chas. E. Cotton, Wm. C. Prouse, M. H. Reynolds, S. H. Ward. MISSISSIPPI—E. Barnett, O. M. Norton, E. M. Ranck. MISSOURI—Frank Breed, J. W. Connaway, W. W. Eagle, G. G. Graham, A. T. Kinsley, A. O. Lundell, R. C. Moore, Carl J: Norden. NEBRASKA—P. P. Taylor. NEW HAMPSHIRE—A. L. Edmunds. NEW JERSEY—H. H. Bair, R. A. Carter, J. F. Creedon, L. Blake Davis, Wm. J. Deegan, Major Thos. H. Edwards, Arthur D. Goldhaft, Jas. T. Glennon, Lawrence Green, L. P. Hurley, Frank Hayden, C. W. Humphrey, G. F. Harker, J. B. Hopper, L. D. Horner, Frederic S. Jones, Wm. H. Koch, R. B. Little, Wm. Herbert Lowe, J. Payne Lowe, A. P. Lubach, M. K. Mann, Capt. L. A. Mosher, J. K. McConeghy, W. G. Middleton, Wm. J. Reagan, P. F. Runyon, J. A. Stuart, F. G. Steinbach, Thos. E. Smith, Geo. W. Smith, E. W. Smille, Chas. C. Schloemer, Geo. B. Vliet, H. E. Winter. NEW YORK—H. Amling, F. H. Andrews, F. W. Andrews, Bruce Blair, R. R. Birch, A. M. Behrens, R. G. Bose, Geo. H. Burns, D. W. Cochran, John D. De Ronde, Irving O. Denman, J. F. De Vine, A. Hichorn, Capt. Russel E. Elson, Thos. Easen, J. A. Eadie, W. E. Frink, S. A. Goldberg, A. G. Hall, W. Horace Hoskins, C. E. Hayden, Henry Henning, Leland D. Ives, Joseph Jacob, J. F. Kane, G. A. Knapp, K. Kasai, B. M. Lyon, David McAustin,.T. W. Munce, John McCartney, F. H. Miller, Robt. S. MacKellar, C. W. Marshall, H. J. Milks, V. A. Moore, Chas. V. Noback, C. R. Perkins, H. B. Risley, Burton R. Rogers, Edward Rafter, C. Rathang, Crittendon Ross, E. F. Sanford, H. Schreck, L. M. Steckel, J. Smith Wright, W. D. Way, Cassius Way, W. W. Williams, J. G. Wills, W. L. Williams. NORTH CAROLINA—O. H. Graham, G. A. Roberts. NORTH DAKOTA—H. L. Foust. OHIO—W. A. Axby, L. P. Beechy, C. H. Case, A. S. Cooley, H. L. Durby, W. O. McHugh, H. D. Sheeran, E. H. Shepard. OREGON—B. T. Simms. PENNSYLVANIA—A. R. Anderson, W. R. Andress, E. P. Althouse, Herman F. Baum, H. B. Brady, S. E. Bruner, Jno. L. Bradley, Adolph Berg, Chas. W. Boyd, U. S. G. Beiber, H. W. Barnard, M. F. Barnes, J. W. Bushong, G. L. Bushong, Harry E. Bender, E. E. Behrens, Fred Boerner, Jr., E. L. Cornman, B. P. Chodos, W. P. Collins, J. W. Crouse, 288 AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION Thos. Castor, W. J. Crocker, H. R. Church, Norman C. Craig, C. H. Dibbell, E. S. Duebler, J. D. Dunkel, M. W. Drake, B. J. Drolet, F. R. De Haven, Robt. M. Ellis, F. W. Fernsler, W. A. Frazier, N. K. Fegley, W. S. Gimper, Major S. H. Gilliland, R. C. Gross, James Graham, W. A. Haines, Jacob Helmer, M. P. Hendrick, A. E. Hollister, Andrew Hyde, M. J. Harlcuir J. M. Hageman, F. H. Hartenstein, J. D. Hartman, Capt. E. Hogg, J. M. Hafsteeter, W. G. Huyett, C. M. Heller, S. G. Henderson, O. T. Henderson, D. E. Hickman, Chester M. Hoskins, Wm. H. Ivens. L. H. Johnston, R. L. Kann, V. G. Kimbajl, F. T. Kocher, D. R. Kohler, M. W. Keck, Wm. Hy. Kelly, Thos. Kelly, J. W. Lallade, E. S. Lan, Frank Lentz, J. F. Lynet, Wm. J. Lentz, F. H. McCarthy, Calvin W. Moyer, G. F. Murphy, F. B. Mayer, H. D. Martien, Harry A. Meisner, Ira Mitterling, M. J. Maloney, T. E. Munce, C. Courtney McLeLan, C. J. Marshall, F. A. Marshall, Wm. Malcolm, W. B. Morgan, Freeman A. Marshall, F. B. Miller, F. S. Morris, Herman M. Moses, H. T. McNeal, F. J. McNeal, J. P. Miller, H. B. Mitchell, C. C. Neal, T. F. Nugent, C. O. Neuhaus, E. W. Newcomer, I. C. Newhard, Jno. P..O’Leary, A. W. Ormiston, J. H. Oyler, C. B. Palmer, M. E. Patrick, Wm. T. Phillips, Ira S. Pope, Chas. A. Parkerson, Jr., W. B. Prothero, L. Price, Edgar S. Powell, P. E. Quinn, H. C. Reynolds, J. O. Reed, F. C. Roinig, C. G. Rohrer, F. B. Rutherford, Jno. Reichel, S. S. Rodgers, C. S. Rockwell, G. W. Riley, W. H. Ridge, M. D. Rentschler, E. L. Reed, W. L. Rhoads, Cc. W. Springer, F. C. Schnell, F. H. Schneider, W. C. Seigmund, John Shelley, A. W. Schnell, F. N. Sherrick, E. L. Stubbs, E. L. Simpson, J. P. Srover, C. S. Schaufter, B. F. Senseman, G. K. Swank, J. F. Schmidt, C. M. Strickler, E. E. Terry, H. W. Turner, Jno. H. Turner, E. N. Tingley, B. M. Underhill, A. R. Ward, H. H. Weinberg, Thos. White, H. G. Werntz, Jno. Winstanley, H. S. Wright, H. K. Wright, W. E. Wight, E. H. Yunker. RHODE ISLAND—J. M. Armstrong, Thos. ©. Robinson. SOUTH CAROLINA—F. P. Caughman, John H. Morse, B. K. McInnes. TENNESSEE—Wm. Bell, M. Jacobs, T. W. Morgan, W. G. Shaw. TEXAS—Lloyd C. Ewem, J. L. Hartman, J. D. Rinker. SOUTH DAKOTA—John T. E. Dunwoodie. VIRGINIA—H. H. Adair, H. Bannister, W. G. Chrisman, J. G. Ferney- hough, Thos. Fraser, W. T. Giichrist, H. Clayton Moyen, Capt. P. F. Wallingford. WEST VIRGINIA—S. E. Hershey, L. N. Reefer. WISCONSIN—O. H. Eliason, S. J. Walkley. 84th DIV., U. S. A.—Major G. A. Hauvy. , CANADA—J. A. Allen, Jas. A. Campbell, S. Hadwen, Geo. E. Hilton, C. H. Higgins, J. B. Hollingsworth, F. H. S. Lowrey, Lt.-Col. A. Ower, F.. Torrance. LADIES. CONNECTICUT—Mrs. Chas. L. Colton, Miss W. L. Colton, Mrs. V. M. Knapp, Mrs. Oscar Schreck, Mrs. J. M. Whittlesey. DELAWARE—Mrs. H. P. Eves. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA—Mrs. D. E. Buckingham, Mrs. P. A. Fish, Mrs. J. R. Mohler, Miss Miriam Mohler, Mrs. J. Turner. ILLINOIS—Mrs. W. Brenner, Mrs. J. S. Hernsheim. INDIANA—Mrs. J. L. Axby, Mrs. E. A. Cahill. IlIOWA—Mrs. J .D. Grossman, Mrs. H. H. Havyner, Mrs. G. H. Johnson. KANSAS—Mrs. W. W. Eagle, Mrs. Jos. P. Scott. MARYLAND—Mrs. J. L. Axby, Miss Gertrude Elbert. MASSACHUSETTS—Mrs. Warren L. Thayer. . MICHIGAN—Mrs. R. P. Lyman, Mrs. Compton, Mrs. J. R. Wardle. MINNESOTA—Mrs. Wm. C. Prouse, Mrs. S. H. Ward. MISSISSIPPI—Mrs. O. M. Norton. MISSOURI—Mrs. A. T. Kinsley, Mrs. G. H. Krall. PENNSYLVANIA—Mrs. H. B. Brady, Mrs. S. E. Bruner, Mrs. Fred Boerner, Jr., Miss Eleanor Watts, Mrs. U. S. G. Beiber, Mrs. E. E. AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 289 Behrens, Miss Edith Bushong, Mrs. G. L. Bushong, Mrs. Thos. Bland, Mrs. Harry E. Bender, Mrs. Norman C. Craig, Mrs. Mary S. Cox, Mrs. H. B, Cox, Mrs. W. J. Crocker, Mrs. H. R. Church, Mrs. Norman C. Craig, Miss Cotta Decker, Mrs. E. C. Dingley, Mrs. H. K. Edwards, Mrs. F. W. Fernsler, Mrs. W. K. Edwards, Miss Garver, Mrs. B. Guessefelt, Mrs. Annie M. Gill, Mrs. Alex Glass, Mrs. W. A. Haines, Mrs. Jacob Helmen, Mrs. A. E. Hollister, Mrs. F. H. Hartenstein, Mrs. O. T. Hend- ron, Mrs. D. E. Hickman, Mrs. W. H. Ivens, Mrs. W. H. Kelly, Mrs. Thos. Kelly, Mrs. Emma Kiesacker, Mrs. L. Knowles, Mrs. J. F. Lynett, Mrs. Chas. Lentz, Mrs. J. P/ Miller; Mrs. Ira Mitterling, Mrs. L. T. McCloskey, Mrs. H. B. Mitchell, Mrs. M. J. Maloney, Mrs. C. J. Marshall, Mrs. Freeman A. Marshall, Mrs. H. T. McNeal, Mrs. Frank K. Nice, Mrs. C. O. Neuhaus, Mrs. Viotti Neuhaus, Mrs. I. O. Newhard, Mrs. E. W. Newcomer, Mrs. A. W. Ormiston, Miss Bertha Ormiston, Mrs. Edgar W. Powell, Miss Frances Powell, Mrs. Wm. T. Phillips, Mrs. T. E. Robinson, Mrs. F. B. Rutherford, Mrs. J. O. Reed, Mrs. W. H. Ridge, Mrs. C. S. Rockwell, Mrs. C. W. Springer, Mrs. F. H. Schneider, Miss A. K. Schneider, Mrs. Spitz, Mrs. J. P. Stover, Mrs. J..P. Srover, Mrs. Emma Kesectrer, Mrs. Wm. Storm, Mrs. B. M. Underhill, Mrs. H. S. Wright, Miss Wright, Mrs. E. H. Yunker. NEW JERSEY—Mrs. T. H. Edwards, Mrs. L. D. Horner, Mrs. Wm. Herbert Lowe, Mrs. J. Payne Lowe, Mrs. lL. A. Mosher, Mrs. J. H. McNeil, Mrs. W. G. Middleton. NEW YORK—Mrs. F. W. Andrews, Miss Nellie Berns, Miss Elise De Ronde, Mrs. A. Eichhorn, Mrs. W. E. Frink, Mrs. S. A. Goldberg, Mrs. A. G. Hall, Mrs. W. Horace Hoskins, Miss Marion Hamilton, Mrs. Leland D. Ives, Mrs. B. M. Lyon, Mrs. David McAustin, Mrs. Edward Rafter, Mrs. Cassius Way. NORTH DAKOTA—Mrs. H. L. Foust. RHODE ISLAND—Mrs. Thos. E. Robinson. SOUTH CAROLINA—Mrs. F. P. Caughman, Miss M. E. McInnes. TENNESSEE—Mrs. B. Mehard. VIRGINIA—Mrs. H. Bannister and daughter. WEST VIRGINIA—Mrs. S. E. Hershey, Miss Mae Hershey, Miss -Lola Sharpless. CANADA—Mrs. J. A. Campbell. VISITORS. DELAWARE—Morris Zurkow ILLINOIS—IL. C. Brenner. MASSACHUSETTS—Jesse A. Viles. MICHIGAN—Leonard P. Hoskins. MISSOURI—C VV. Haver, Albert Smith Kinsley. PENNSYLVANIA—H. W. Allyn, Edwin Abramsen, Clarence Bley, T. S. Carlisle, H. C. Campbell, P. P. Gheen, Bery Gunner, Chas. J. Gery, Jno. J. Graham. G. G. Gil, James C. Horner, F. J. Maurer, R. H. Mooney, J. F. Russell, Jr.,.S. E. Weber. WEST VIRGINIA—Jos. Hershey. A CORRECTION. In the Secretary’s report, page 172 of the November Journal, it was stated that the number of applicants for 1918 was 800. Dr. Day, former Acting Secretary, now informs the Journal that the report at first submitted was written a few days before the Philadelphia meeting, and that afterwards quite a number of applicants were received. The exact number that were elected to membership in the Association was 1,017, instead of 800, as previously stated. OTHER ASSOCIATIONS. WESTERN MICHIGAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. The fall meeting of the Western Michigan Veterinary Med- ical Association was held on Friday, October 4, at Hotel Holland, Holland, Ottawa County, Michigan, with a good attendance present. Four new members were admitted to the association. The afternoon session was opened by a very interesting talk by Dr. Watson, of B. A. I., Kalamazoo, on “‘ Hog Cholera Control in Michigan.’’ Mr. A. Bental, Agricultural Agent, Allegan County, was present, and some steps were taken to improve the usefulness of his office, both to the laity and the veterinary pro- fession in the county, by inviting the veterinarians to take part in farmers’ institutes held in the counties. Drs. M. E. Elinga, 8S. Tacoma and Neinhuis talked on com- plications of retained placenta and its relations to calf scours and calf pneumonia, and the treatments, which proved very instructive to all. The remainder of the afternoon was spent at the factory of the Veterinary Specialty Company, where working models of - operating tables, stocks, etc., were demonstrated to all by Mr. Olinger, the manager. All reported the factory’s output and models the best ever seen, and the trip was of interest to all. O. H. Van BrussEL, Secretary and Treasurer. BRITISH COLUMBIA VETERINARY ASSOCIATION. The eleventh annual meeting of the British Columbia Veter- inary Association was held in the assembly hall of the B. C. University at Vancouver, B. C., on October 5, 1918, and the pro- gram was as follows: A visit to the permanent site of the university, at Point Grey, where a start is being made in laying out the grounds and the erection of buildings, a modern dairy barn being just completed. On Saturday.a public meeting was held, at which the gen- ae ee oe Te OTHER ASSOCIATIONS 291 eral public was invited, also leading stock breeders and dairymen were sent special invitations. The speakers were Dr. Thomson of Keremeos, who read a paper on the necessity for rural meat inspection by a system of communal slaughter houses, where all.animals for food would be slaughtered under inspection. The association has been trying to educate the public to the necessity for this for some time, and hopes to have another public meeting before the meeting of the Legislature, and to bring it to the notice of the Cabinet through the help of various public men, and we have asked the Govern- ment for assistance in publishing this and other papers, so that the consuming public may understand the dangers of eating un- inspected meat. Considerable discussion followed. The next paper was one by Dr. Howell on ‘‘Post-Parturient Diseases,’’? and was well discussed. Then followed one by Dr. Jagger on the latest methods of treating and combating con- tagious abortion, of which subject he has made a special study. The dairymen were particularly interested in this, ‘especially as to the cost of the same. Dr. Bruce of Agassiz then read a paper on the poisonous plants of British Columbia. This is a subject that needs more attention paid to it, and Dr. Bruce has done a lot of careful work on it and showed en... erous full-sized specimens, pressed and mounted, that he had eathered and identified. After this meeting the general meeting of the association was held, Dr. S. F. Tolmie, M. P., our President, being in the chair. Dr. Tolmie gave us an address on the activities of the association during the past year, the steps taken to the formation of a Dominion Veterinary Advisory Board, and the appointment of Dr. C. D. McGillvray as head of the Ontario Veterinary College, and closed by asking that the members at large show more active interest in the affairs of the association. Routine business followed, the’ financial statement not being as good as last year, though the receipts were larger, owing to the cost of publicity work in connection with the proposed rural meat inspection, the Secretary’s honorarium was increased and a letter of thanks was ordered sent to the Dean of the Coes, thank- ing him for the use of the assembly hall. Then followed the election of officers, which resulted as fol- lows: President-_Dr. S. F. Tolmie. Secretary and Treasurer—Dr. Kenneth Chester. 292 OTHER ASSOCIATIONS Council—Dr. A. Damman, Dr. J. W. Darby, Dr. W. Thom- son, Dr. F. W. Ottewell, and Dr. L. D. Swenerton. In the evening the association gave a banquet at the Hotel Vancouver, to which prominent stock breeders and dairymen were invited, together with the Dean and several professors of the university. Dr. S. F. Tolmie was in the chair and appropriate toasts were proposed and responded to. This brought to a close a most suc- cessful annual meeting. — KENNETH CHESTER, Seeretary and Treasurer. PHILIPPINE VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. The Philippine Veterinary Medical Association held its an- nual meeting at Manilla, in February last, and had a five days’ most interesting and instructive session, according to Dr. S. Youngberg, President of the association. The association was welcomed by His Excellency Francis Burton Harrison, Governor-General of the Philippine Islands;, and among the numerous interesting papers presented were the following: Protozodlgy and Its Relation to Vetetimary Medicine, by Pro- fessor Frank G. Haughwout, Chief, Department of Medical Zoology, University of the Philippines. Necessity for Professional Codperation, Dr. Stanton Young- berg, Professorial Lecturer, College of Veterinary Science. Relation of the Department of Agriculture to the Veterina- rian, Dr. Galicano Apacible, Secretary of Agriculture and Nat- ural Resources. - Recent Investigations and Remarks on Rinderpest, Dr. W. H. Boynton, Dean, College of Veterinary Science. Recent Nutritional. Investigations on Maintenance and Growth, Dr. R. B. Gibson, Chief, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Surgery. The University and the Future Veterinarian, Hon. Ignacio Villamor, President, University of the Philippines. Animal Husbandry in the Philippines, Dr. A. 8. Shealy, Chief, Animal Husbandry Division, Bureau of Agriculture. Poisonous Plants in the Philippines, Dr. Elmer Drew Merril, Professor of Botany and Chief of Botanical Division, Bureau of Science, Manilla. Dr a eas eRe ee »y Si is rae rica 1 a. ig, ; F ee OTHER ASSOCIATIONS 293 Experiences in Private Practice in the Philippines, Dr. Vic- tor Bueneamino, Associate Professor of Veterinary Surgery, Col- lege of Veterinary Science. In addition to the literary part of the program, the entertain- ment feature was not overlooked, and the meeting concluded with a sumptuous banquet. : The officers of the association elected for the ensuing year were as follows: President—S. Youngberg. Vice President—Victor Buencamino. Secretary—Eustace S. D. Merchant. Treasurer—Sixto Carlos. CHICAGO BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION. The regular monthly meeting | of the Chicago Association of Bureau of: Animal Industry Veterinarians was held in their hall on Friday, November 8. There was an excellent attendance. Dr. Robert Nutt read an unusually interesting paper on Sausages, giving a list of the great variety that were manu- factured, their composition, and method of manufacturing and curing. The different races from central Europe have their own special variety of sausage. There are scores of different sausages manufactured to meet demands. The ingredients of the sausages are all carefully inspected. They are made under the best sani- tary conditions and furnish a palatable, nutritious and eco- nomical meat food. Dr. J. Simpson read a paper on Texas fever, giving the im- portant features of the disease and emphasizing the post-mortem lesions that should be looked for by inspectors in the slaughter- ing beds. Dr. N. S. Mayo, guest of the Association, expressed the ap- preciation of the American Veterinary Medical Association for the cordial support given by the veterinarians of the B. A. I. He called attention to the fact that the Bureau of Animal In- dustry was in normal times the largest employer of expert veterinarians in America, and probably in the world. The subject of Dr. Mayo’s address was ‘‘ Veterinary Tropical Experiences.’’ He told of the difficulties encountered and the results obtained in the republic of Cuba. The lecture was illus- trated by lantern slides giving glimpses of the tropics and trop- ical conditions. COMMUNICATIONS. To the Editor: On page 72 of the October number of The Journal the School of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania is mentioned as one of the several schools which did not answer a questionnaire sent out by the Committee on Intelligence and Education. In order that the record may be complete, will you please state in your next issue that the questionnaire referred to was not received in the office of the school, and that, if it had been received, it would have been promptly filled out and re- turned to the committee ? Wo. J. Lenrz, Acting Dean, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania. INTRA-DERMAL TUBERCULIN TEST. Editor of the Journal: | I'read with much interest the report by Dr. French of Wy- oming on the intra-dermal tuberculin test, as used by him, in that state. Particularly do I note his remark, ‘*‘That it is a good test’? under the conditions in Wyoming. Under the conditions to be had in south Florida, I consider it the only reliable test for tubereulosis that we now have. Speaking particularly of Hillsborough County, and locally, of the cattle in and around Tampa, Fla., we have the Jersey cow almost exclusively. Careful observation during fourteen years’ practice here has shown me that our dairy cattle, in complete health, carry a normal range of temperature through three to four degrees daily—that is, a dairy cow in full milk will show 100°F. or 101°F. at the time of the morning milking. She will come m for evening milking and give a reading of 103°F. to 104°F. The thermic test will condemn this cow. The intra-dermal test will pass her and post- mortem examination will substantiate the latter test. I have had a number of opportunities to follow just such a circumstance through. Our dairy cattle are never stabled. We use open sheds for milking and the cattle are in the stanchions only long enough for the milking. Now, hold these cattle up for a day or two, for temperature readings, or drive them in and out at un- usual times, and high temperatures are certain; and it is entirely eee a? ee See NECROLOGICAL Bens, 295 unnecessary to use tuberculin to get them. Also, there is a marked decrease in the milk fiow. I have used the intra-dermal test on some thousands of cattle and they never know they are interfered with. In the spring of 1906 I tested, by the thermic method, some three thousand head of dairy cattle that were then supplying Tampa with milk. At that time I noticed that no thermometer was needed to pick out the reacting cattle, follow- ing inoculation. They came in lame and with a swelling at the point of inoculation on the morning after the latter had been made. This circumstance I reported in the then Veterinary Review. I knew the Wyoming and Montana ranges, from the viewpoint of a ‘‘cow-puncher,’’ in the front end of the ’80’s, and if Dr. French and his staff have the class of cattle to deal with that I knew at that time I do not envy them the work. At least, I should want my ‘‘lass’’ and my ‘“‘tie rope’’ right regular. : Frep W. Porter, D. V. M. NECROLOGICAL. MAJOR HARRY DOUGLAS GILL, V. S. The following tribute to the late Major Gill, from the pen of Dr. Robert W. Ellis, which was published in the New York University Veterinary Bulletin, issued October 26, was forwarded to the Journal for the November issue, but reached us too late for publication : | Major Harry D. Gill died at Waynesville, North Carolina, on October 3, 1918, in his fifty-seventh year. Born in New York City in 1861, Professor Gill as a boy attended the public schools and later the College of the City of New York, the Bellevue Hospital Medical College and the New York College of Veter- inary Surgeons, from which last institution he was graduated in 1884 with the Veterinary Surgeon’s degree. He immediately entered into the practice of his profession, and early in his professional career associated himself with his alma mater ; and while still a young man had attained the respon- sible position of Dean of the New York College of Veterinary Surgeons and Professor of Veterinary Medicine, which position he held until the amalgamation of that school with the American 296 NECROLOGICAL Veterinary College in 1899, when he was made Secretary of the faculty of the amalgamated school and Professor of Surgery, which position he held up to the time of his death. Professor Gill was a man of tremendous energy, for which his practice and school work were not even sufficient, and he early became con- nected with the U. 8. Department of Agriculture, the New York State Department of Agriculture, the New South Wales Govern- ment export, the New York City Department of Health and the New York Police Department in the medical care of the horses of its mounted division. He was still actively connected with the New York State Department of Agriculture at the time that he received his commission from the United States Government and entered the Army Veterinary Service in the Spring of 1917. Here, as in his private professional life, he worked hard and incessantly. He entered the Army Service from a spirit of patriotism, sacrificing great interests in cheerfully accepting a second lieutenancy and assuming duties that merited a much higher rank. His excellent work in organizing and conducting his office soon demonstrated this, and he was promoted on his merits to the rank of major and placed in charge of the port of embarkation at Newport News. In the veterinary school his energy and enthusiasm were an inspiration alike to his fellow instructors and students, who all keenly feel his loss. In the profession and in the associations in which he took a keen and active interest he was held in high esteem and occupied a warm place in the hearts of all who knew him well. Funeral services were held at his late residence, 337 East 57th Street, on Tuesday evening, October 8th, when fifty-five veter- inarians (three from the Army Veterinary Service in the uni- forms of their rank) and hosts of friends, as well as members of Tecumseh Lodge, F. and A. M., were gathered to pay their last respects to our departed alumnus, friend and brother. Preceding the beautiful and impressive Masonic services, Dean Hoskins paid a feeling tribute to the life and beautiful character of our de- parted brother. Chancellor Brown of New York University, in a letter under date of October 4th, 1918, to the members of the veterinary and medical faculties, gave expression of his feelings in the following words: ‘‘ With the deepest sorrow, the Chan- cellor of the University announces the death, after a short illness, on Thursday, October the third, at Waynesville, North Carolina, of Major Harry Douglas Gill, V. S., Secretary of the New York NECROLOGICAL 297 State Veterinary College, established at New York University.’’ The Army Veterinary Corps, though denied the extensive representation that its sentiment prompted, because of the strict quarantine placed on the various camps due to the prevalence of Spanish influenza, gave expression of their deep feelings in a beautiful floral tribute. Other floral pieces were sent from the American Veterinary Medical Association, the Students’ Asso- ciation at the college, of which Major Gill was Honorary Presi- dent, from the Faculty of the Veterinary School and from in- dividual veterinarians, as well as from his many friends. Major Gill is survived by a widow, two sons and a daughter, a father, sister and brother, Dr. Wallace Gill. His two sons are in the service of their country in France, one being Lieutenant H. Perey Gill of the Army Veterinary Service. DR. C: C. NEAL. At the time of his death, Dr. Neal was a staff member of the Mulford Biological Laboratories, Glenolden, Pa., and specially interested in the production of tetanus toxin. He left the labora- tory on September 28, apparently normal. He went direct to Green Castle, Pa., for-a visit, and on arrival there, on the after noon of the 28th, he complained of not feeling well. During the following week he developed a typical case of influenza, compli- cated with pneumonia, and died on October 6. The Mulford News Letter had the following obituary notice: ‘We deeply regret the death of Dr. C. C. Neal, who passed away last Sunday. He was the first from the Glenolden Laboratories to fall at his post of duty during‘the present epidemic. Honor to his name, the same as to those who have fallen on the other side.’’ DR. STEPHEN C. MILLIGAN. Dr. Stephen C. Milligan, veterinary inspector in the Bureau of Animal Industry, stationed at East St. Louis, Ill., died sud- denly in Chicago on September 27. Dr. Milligan is survived by a mother, sister, and brother. The deceased was a graduate of the McKillip Veterinary College in 1910, and was elected a mem- ber of the American Veterinary Medical Association at the recent meeting in Philadelphia. He was born March 31, 1882, at Chi- eago, Ill. 298 NECROLOGICAL DR. HECTOR FRASER. Dr. Hector Fraser, Veterinary Inspector at the Fort Worth Stockyards, died on October 16 of heart failure as the result of an acute attack of influenza. He was a member of the A. V. M. A. Dr. Fraser was a temporary employee, having entered the service on September 3. It is said that he gave up a very enjoyable practice at Taylor, Texas, for the sole purpose of serving his country during the war; and in this respect it may be said that he gave his life for his country. Dr. Fraser was buried at Fort Worth by his new friends, no relatives being in attendance. H. GRAFKE. DR. THOMAS B. CARROLL. Dr. Thomas B. Carroll, a member of the A. V. M. A., died at Camp Bragg on November 10, after a brief attack of pneumonia. The Doctor had spent most of his life in Wilmington, N. C., where he practiced his profession and held the position of city meat and milk inspector. About four months ago he entered the Officers’ Training School at Camp Greenleaf, and upon the completion of which he was commissioned first lieutenant. He was detailed camp veterinarian at Camp Bragg (Fayetteville, N. C.) ten days before his death. He was a member of the North Carolina Board of Veterinary Examiners, and was very prominent in municipal affairs in Wilmington. He was also very progressive, and did much to elevate his profession to a high plane. Dr. Carroll was fifty years of age, and left an invalid widow and one daughter eight years old; also a married sister and two brothers. M. G. SmirH. HON. ANDREW DICKSON WHITE. Hon. Andrew Dickson White, ‘‘spiritual founder’’ and first president of Cornell University, died in Ithaca, N. Y., November 4, 1918. He was buried November 7, his 86th birthday. Dr. White was an eminent diplomat, scholar and educator . Few if any of America’s representatives in foreign countries have ren- dered greater service to the American people. In 1884 he was an attacheé to the American legation in St. Petersburg, now Petro- grad, Russia. He was Minister to Germany from 1878 to 1881 when Bismarck was at his zenith, and he was Minister to Russia NECROLOGICAL 299 from 1892 to 1894. The crowning honor which came to him in the course of his public career was his appointment as chairman of the American delegation to The Hague peace conference in 1899. He was for half a century a guiding spirit in American life, but the responsibility which accompanied every opportunity he discharged nobly. It may be said of him, as it was said of Co- lumbus, that ‘‘he had a taste for great things.’’ To many, Dr. White is known most for his work in connection with the founding and building of Cornell University, which he himself considered as the principal achievement of his long life. He says in his autobiography: ‘‘By the part I have taken in that more than any other work in my life I hope to be judged.’’ In the spring of 1868, just before the opening of the university, he went to Europe in search of distinguished men for the faculty of the new institution. Among the men whom he brought to the university was Dr. James Law. Dr. White was a strong believer in higher veterinary education and loyally supported Dr. Law in his efforts in the advancement of the profession. V. A. M. PERSONAL. First Lieutenant E. Lapple, Veterinarian of the 345th F. A., from ‘‘somewhere in France’’ writes that he is temporarily de- tached from this organization, but expects to return to it soon. He states that his ‘‘Journals are about a month late, but they are particularly interesting, and I find them very helpful.’’ The doctor also states that there are many interesting things to write about, but that he has many reports to make out, and ‘‘It’s time for mess and the veterinarians surely do their part here.’’ MISCELLANEOUS. Dr. W. A. Scott, Columbus, Ga., has been appointed a member of a recently created Board of Health Control by the city of Columbus. The new Board consists of five members. The veter- inary profession is gradually being recognized as a most impor- tant factor in health control. “SNEEZING HOGS THREATEN PORK SUPPLY.” A correspondent has sent The Journal the following clipping from the Davenport (Iowa) Times, of November 6; It may in- terest some; perhaps instruct (?) a few; and mayhap disgust a goodly number of the members of the profession : ‘‘The epidemic of hemorrhagic septicemia among herds of hogs in the county is assuming such alarming proportions that County Farm Advisor Palmer R. Edgerton is issuing warnings to farmers to use every precaution to stamp out the disease. Hundreds of hogs in both the upper and lower ends of the county are afflicted with the disease, some in more severe form than others. ‘“The county farm expert advises all farmers who suspect that their hogs are not well to communicate with him at once and he will visit the sick herds and ascertain if they are afflicted with the malady which is sweeping over the country and which, if not stopped, seriously threatens the pork supply. Mr. Edgerton is equipped with information to combat the disease, and will gladly dispense it to farmers who need it. ‘‘Hemorrhagie septicemia is a form of influenza, similar to that prevailing among people at this time. While it is not be- lieved to be directly contagious, the malady travels in great epi- demics, which makes it as dangerous as though it were contracted from one animal to another. ‘‘Mr. Edgerton is making every effort to impress on the minds of farmers the great danger of the disease and is prepared to give them every aid possible. ‘“ As far as known, the disease does not afflict any other kind of stock except swine.”’ Dr. William Moore has been transferred from the work of tick eradication, Baton Rouge, La., to such work on the Jackson- ville, Florida, force. a i JOURNAL OF THE American Veterinary Medical Association FORMERLY AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW (Original ‘Official Organ U. S. Vet. Med. Ass’n) W. H. DALRYMPLE, Editor. BATON ROUGE, LA. V. A. Moors, President, Ithaca, N. Y.» N. S. Mayo, Secretary, Chicago. M. Jacos, Treasurer, Knoxville, Tenn. Executive Board Gro. HiuTon, ist District; T. E. Muncer, 2nd District; S. E. BeNNETT, 3rd District; J. R. Mouter, 4th District; C. H. Sranes, 5th District; R. a ee ee +7 ie a me ee a ee Se ee ne ee ee ee ee eee _ eA DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF SWINE DISEASES 323 rhages on the thymus gland, on the heart, respiratory mucous membrane, serous surface of intestine and bladder and sometimes in the lungs. It is unusual to find multiple hemorrhages on the kidney; the hemorrhagic areas in cases of acute septicemia are - somewhat different in type from those met with in cholera. In cholera the characteristic hemorrhage is, barring complications, a definitely circumscribed hemorrhage area. In the case of hemorrhagic septicemia they are, as a rule, somewhat larger and irregular in outline. The distribution, however, is the more im- portant point. A further step in the consideration of hemor- rhagic septicemia is the possibility of demonstrating the micro- organisms; this can be carried out by bacteriological methods and animal inoculation. In the case of mixed infection, which is not uncommon, a history of the disease, the clinical picture and the postmortem findings with the percentage of the animals affected will enable one in most cases to make a positive diagnosis. The outstanding characteristics of infectious enteritis (necro- bacillosis) are the fact that the disease comes on gradually, is most commonly encountered in shoats and especially those that have been purchased at the stock centers and shipped to the farm for feeding. The disease is characterized clinically by emaciation, © absence of high temperature, good appetite at least until the lat- ter stages of the disease, and small percentage of deaths, the losses, however, vary in different outbreaks. In those cases where a considerable number of animals die in the early stages of the disease it is due to a secondary septicemia. The characteristic morbid anatomy of this disease is, as is well known, an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the large intestine (cecum and colon), but may in some cases involve the ileum. The well-developed lesion, or what is usually considered to be characteristic, is a necrotic or diphtheritic form of enteritis. In the beginning the mucosa of the affected portion of the bowel appears irregularly congested, reddened, swollen, and greasy. Close observation will reveal an unevenness due to desquamation of the surface cells in one part and a swollen condition of the surrounding area. The process goes on until complete desqua- mation of the surface cells has taken place, leaving the intestine raw, rough, granular and uneven. Inflammatory exudation con- tinues, and there develops the characteristic necrotic, mem- branous, or diphtheritic exudate over all portions. Through the formation of fibrin and inflammatory changes in the underlying structures the necrotic material becomes firmly adherent, the in- 330 W. W. DimMocK testinal wall thick and tube-like in appearance and structure, and impossible of function. The inflammatory process not infre- quently involves the serous coat with more or less severe peri- tonitis. There is usually an absence of lesions in other organs of the body; the liver may show atrophy or it may show inflam- mation and degeneration as a result of secondary infection. In case we find lesions or other evidence of septicemia they can be traced to the presence of various microérganisms representing invasion of the system following the enteritis. In case lesions are found suggesting hog cholera, its presence can usually be determined from a careful clinical study or following the post- mortem examination of several pigs in the herd. Minor lesions found pointing to hog cholera should be conservatively estimated except when supported by a cholera history and clinical symp- toms. Pigs that have contracted enteritis as a result of shipping and passing through stockyards, and especially if vaccinated, frequently die suddenly, show extensive lesions, non-specific sep- ticemia and intoxication, while in cases of enteritis in herds inde- pendent of vaccination and on premises free from cholera there are few deaths except after long periods of sickness characterized by extreme emaciation. The gross pathology of the internal organs is in general that of a degenerative atrophy, indicating malnutrition. Hemorrhagic septicemia in connection with infee- tious énteritis is usually secondary, almost never resulting in the loss of a large number of animals, and can be diagnosed by carrying out steps for hemorrhagic septicemia. PNEUMONIA. Experience would seem to indicate that we have, independent of other diseases, at least four separate forms of pneumonia in the pig. First comes what I would term infectious or contagious pneumonia, very probably a pneumonie form of hemorrhagic septicemia as occurs in cattle. Second, pneumonia from the action of non-specific microérganisms that have gained entrance to the lung through conditions that can be grouped as predispos- ing causes, but especially in connection with poor ventilation. There are many cases on record where animals suffering from a. more or less serious form of pneumonia have, following a proper ventilation of quarters, given no further trouble. Under the third division of pneumonia in pigs I would put all cases of in- flammation of the lungs that are associated with other infectious’ diseases. Experience has shown that these conditions are common — DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF SWINE DISEASES 331 and that upon proper control of the primary disease (Ex. hog cholera) the pneumonia will disappear from the herd. The fourth form is inflammation of the lung brought on primarily from the presence of the lung worm (Strongylus paradoxus). We sometimes find what is commonly termed nodular pneumonia, but as a result of the examination of a large number of these cases it would seem that they would come, for the present at least, under the non-specific infectious pneumonias, or may in eases be associated with the verminous pneumonia. Inflam- mation of the lungs in pigs is rather frequent and occurs as an independent condition having many predisposing causes, as well as a possible specific bacterial cause. It is a condition very fre- quently found in connection with cholera; hemorrhagic septi- cemia less frequently in connection with enteritis from the pres- ence of lung worms, etc., symptoms of difficult breathing and pneumonia are not uncommon in cases of severe parasitic in- festation (ascariasis) and in any condition where changes in the blood reduce its oxygen-carrying power. The first consideration in cases of individuals where symptoms and lesions of pneumonia are found would be to determine whether it was primary or secondary. If secondary to any of our infectious diseases, the handling of the herd would be on the basis of the infectious dis- ease, the pneumonia ultimately disappearing. In the absence of other infection, or, in other words, if the pneumonia is primary and the only cause of sickness and death, relief will come in the majority of cases from a study of the conditions under which the animals are kept, and from a generai elimination and correction of any or all conditions that might favor the development of pneumonia. Non-specific septicemia of pigs is more or less commen; the animal frequently dies suddenly and shows lesions of degenera- tion in the various organs of the body. The type of hemorrhages and their distribution is usually quite different from those seen in hog cholera, but may more or less closely resemble those of hemorrhagic septicemia; however, before decomposition sets in, the blood in the case of hemorrhagic septicemia is practically normal in appearance, while in practically every case of non- specific septicemia there is a marked hemolysis of the blood. Non- specific septicemia is further rather frequently associated with some localized lesion, abscess, etc., that plainly show the avenue of entrance. In case one is unable to make a differential diag- nosis from the clinical history or morbid anatomy a bacterio- 332 WwW. W. DimocKk logical examination of the blood will usually clear up any or all points. In cases of parasitism (ascariasis) we get a herd picture of round worm infestation, a rather typical symptomatology, and, upon postmortem, the finding of the parasite completes the step necessary to make a diagnosis, provided one is careful to make sure that no lesions of a more serious disease exist. POISONING, BRINE POISONING, ETC. During the last few years cases of brine poisoning have been brought to my attention in a way which shows that this condition is not uncommon. In every instance the cause of sickness was thought to be due to cholera and has caused considerable trouble to those attempting to make a diagnosis. I would further include brine poisoning in connection with the other diseases mentioned because it tends to illustrate the importance of one’s knowing and keeping in mind the possibility of cases of poisoning in connection with infectious diseases. Brine poisoning has, in my experience, come from two sources: First, those cases where animals accidently have access to salt or brine that have been used in pickling meats. Second, it comes from feeding too much salt and in most cases this salt is given in connection with stock foods and stock remedies. In most cases of brine poisoning it has been in otherwise healthy herds, and the animals have died sud- denly from no apparent cause. In eases of brine poisoning from highly concentrated solution death is usually sudden and there is an absence of lesions with the exception that the carcasses do not rapidly undergo decomposition and the internal organs, liver, spleen, ete., have a firm, reddish, pickled appearance. In case of brine poisoning where the salt is acquired from eating stock foods, or drinking slop that contains a large quantity of salt, there will develop. inflammatory changes in various organs of the body. In one case the outstanding lesions were nephritis and the transuda- tion of fluid into the peritoneal and thoracic cavities. The loss of animals from acute brine poisoning is serious, and especially so at tlis time, and should be prevented as far as possible; but the poisoning of pigs and other live stock from the feeding of waste from biscuit factories that contains a large percentage of salt, or from the use of salvet, is criminal. SALMONELLOSIS. — Under this heading I wish to include a condition, based on symptoms and morbid anatomy, not etiologically, that is not in- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF SWINE DISEASES 333 frequently met with in pigs, the symptoms and lesions of which correspond to those reported as developing following the inocula- tion of pigs with the bacillus suipestifer. The symptoms are of a more or less chronic sickness, only a small percentage of the herd being affected, with slight loss of appetite, loss of flesh, de- pression, temperature not above 104°F., difficult breathing with- out the occurrence of lesions in the lungs. : The lesions are en- larged dark tense friable spleen (not especially engorged with blood) and acute parenchymatous degeneration of the liver. The liver is yellowish in color, often slightly bile-stained, and the fat tissues and subcutaneous structures may show slight or marked ieterus. The lymph glands are pale and abnormally juicy, and the intestinal mucosa is’ clean throughout. Pigs killed in the early stages show a thin, bright-red blood; if the animal has died the blood is dark, with more or less evidence of hemolysis. In regard to the diagnosis of sporadic and organic conditions and their differentiation from the acute and chronic infectious diseases of swine we have the following to consider: Organic diseases in pigs are common; they are seldom recognized until well advanced. Death in the majority of instances takes place suddenly, and, therefore, in cases of sickness or death from any of the various organic conditions the question of a differential diagnosis always comes up. Let us take for purposes of illustra- _ tion some of the more commonly encountered organic diseases ° that frequently terminate fatally. Diseases of the kidney, dis- eases of the liver, diseases of the lungs, diseases of the heart,’ (parasitic diseases) or any chronic inflammatory condition as: found affecting the spleen, pancreas, peritoneum, etc. Of the organic diseases of the pig, inflammatory and degenerative changes in the kidney, with the exception of the lungs, are the most frequently encountered; they take on the form of acute de- generative and hemorrhagic nephritis, cystic nephritis, chronic suppurative nephritis terminating not uncommonly in hydro- nephrosis and chronic indurative nephritis. Our records show that a number of pigs apparently in perfect physical condition’ have died suddenly from the direct and indirect effect of these conditions, especially the suppurative forms of nephritis, and in every case the owners suspected cholera or some infectious con- dition as being the cause of death. Evidence of septicemia is not common in connection with diseases of the kidney. Inflam- matory changes in the liver of the pig are common, but in my experience are not as serious as are inflammatory conditions in 334 W. W. DimMock the kidneys. Chronic interlobular hepatitis and multiple ab- scesses of the liver are frequent in the pig and are no doubt. directly and indirectly the cause of death in a great many cases. Inflammation of the liver in pigs frequently terminates in septi- cemia. Inflammation of the lungs in its many forms and serious results is too well known to need more than mention; necrosis. and abscess formation frequently characterize the final change and terminates in sudden death of the animal through septicemia or intoxication. The history and clinical picture of pneumonia usually stands out in contrast to the symptoms seen in other organic diseases; therefore, our problem is to determine whether. the pneumonia is primary or secondary to some general infectious disease. Of the diseases of the heart inflammatory changes affect ing the pericardium and endocardium are frequent and serious. Pericarditis may occur as an independent condition, but is more. often associated with inflammation of the lungs, Pneumo-peri- carditis is a condition that results in the death of altogether too many young pigs. Of all the inflammatory diseases of the heart, vegetative endocarditis is probably the more common and occurs in every case, where we have been able to make observations, from invasion of the blood with non-specific pyogenic organisms, as a distinct primary condition, and in connection with infections following vaccination. The point of entrance is frequently ob- secure. This condition in pigs has to my knowledge been the cause of some extensive losses in herds. The development of the vegetative growths on the mural endocardium of the heart and valves takes place more rapidly than does the destruction of the blood from bacterial invasion; an engorged spleen is a common associated condition. The morbid anatomy of pigs dying from lesions of vegetative endocarditis resembles in many details the pathology given for swine erysipelas, While I feel that we may well congratulate ourselves on the progress that has been made in regard to the diagnosis and con- trol of the diseases of swine (for I am sure that we are far and away ahead, in this respect, of any country in the world), we - must not be satisfied with what we have done, nor should we ignore the weak places that do exist. The information that we have and that is coming daily from the three great agencies. mentioned is of the best. Our greatest need at the present time is that the great mass of valuable data furnished by the Federal. and state work and the very fundamental knowledge gained by the practitioner of veterinary medicine, from his daily contact. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF SWINE DISEASES 335 with these conditions, should, through some concerted effort, be eorrelated and systematically compiled so as to make it available and comprehensive to those of the profession who are making an honest effort to cope with the problem. The medical world is still struggling with many unmastered conditions as created by na- ture; therefore, as a profession, we should try to impress upon every veterinarian the importance of making a careful study and record of all conditions found. We should make a special effort to search for the symptoms with the idea of developing a symp- tomatology for use in the diagnosis of diseases of swine that is reliable and therefore based on etiology and the morbid con- ditions of pigs as they are known to occur in the field today. My plea is that we, as a profession, should direct our every effort to a more thorough understanding of the many morbid conditions common to swine, their differentiation and diagnosis, that we may be able to formulate methods both curative and preventive that will be especially directed at the particular dis- ease ; that we may prevent the many and serious losses that come from conditions other than cholera and thus make available through increased production and production at a reduced cost the many important products from the pig in quantity to supply the demand and at a price that the circumstances bin the many will be able to meet. eS APPENDIX. A partial list of the infectious and organic diseases more or less commonly met with in swine: Tuberculosis Hog cholera Hemorrhagic septicemia (a) Acute hemorrhagic septicemia (b) Infectious pneumonia (ec) Cutaneous form Infectious enteritis or necrobacillosis Salmonellosis Tetanus Actinomycosis Rabies Non-specific septicemia Polyarthritis Stomatitis Infectious rhinitis 336 - W. W. Dimock (a) sniffles (b) bull-nose Pneumonia, bacterial (several forms) Pneumonia, verminous Poisoning (salt or ie Unthriftiness Paraplegia Scirrhous cord Heat stroke Infectious laryngitis. Anorexia from unpalatable food Enteritis in young pigs from green rye pasture Malignant cedema Spirocheetosis Swine erysipelas Leukemia, multiple lymphoma Tumors Pyobacillosis Hernia Peritonitis Rachitis Foot and mouth disease Anthrax. Diseases (Organic). Nephritis (a) acute (b) chronic interstitial induration (ec) chronic suppurative (d) hydronephrosis (e) cystic nephritis (f) parasitic nephritis (g) toxic nephritis cystitis urinary caleuli Hepatitis — Acute degenerative Acute suppurative Chronic interlobular Chronic focal fibrosis Parasitic EXPERIMENTS IN AVIAN TOXICOLOGY. 337 Pneumonia Infectious pneumonia (several forms) Verminous pneumonia : Selerodermitis Eezema Urticaria Erythema Granular eruption Pericarditis 7 Vegetative endocarditis Inflammation of the pancreas Abscess of the brain Mange Sarcoptic Demodectic Louisness Trichinosis Intestinal and gastric parasites Stomach worm Ascariasis _ Csophagastomiasis Trichocephalus Echinorhynchus gigas Kidney worm Liver fiuke. With three exceptions, all of the conditions mentioned in the list have been identified in Iowa during the last ten years. EXPERIMENTS IN AVIAN TOXICOLOGY. BERNARD A. GALLAGHER, ‘ Pathological Division, Bureau of Animal Industry, Washington, D. C It is a well-established fact that considerable variations in tolerance to drugs of a toxic nature exist in animals of different species. While these variations have been pointed out in the case of mammalian species, little information is found in toxicologic literature on the toxicity to the avian class of drugs or poisonous substances which may be of value in the treatment or control of bird diseases. The following experiments were: undertaken for the purpose of determining the toxic doses for fowls of the more commonly 338 _ B. A. GALLAGHER used medicinal agents and of poisonous substances to which fowls not infrequently have access. No attempt was made to fix the toxic dose in certain instances where the experimental substance proved non-toxic when given in comparatively large quantities. In each experiment, unless otherwise stated, fluids were ad- ministered directly into the esophagus or crop by means of a pipette and solids were given in gelatin capsules per os. Medium-sized healthy mature hens weighing between 3 and 4 pounds were usually employed. Those of larger. size are desig- nated. All doses were given wil Se crop contained a normal amount of food. CONCLUSIONS. In general, fowls may be considered as having approximately the same susceptibility to toxic substances as medium-sized dogs. They are more resistant to such substances as calomel, strychnine and tartar emetic, and less resistant to carbolic acid, salicylic acid and potassium cyanide. In treating outbreaks of disease in fowls, it is of great advan- tage to employ the drinking water as a vehicle for medicinal agents. It is shown that fowls are not visibly affected by drink- ing solutions of bichloride of mercury 1-6000, carbolie acid 1-1000, permanganate of potash 1-500, and crude catechu 1-500 for periods of 18 to 21 days. It is interesting to note that the crop not sialy serves as a reservoir for food, but that absorption through its wall is very rapid, symptoms appearing in from two to five minutes after the administration of such substances as ammonium chloride in so- lution, potassium cyanide and strychnine sulphate. AMMONIUM CHLORIDE. Lethal dose. 60 grains; 45 grains in solution (15 ee of 20% solution ). Toxic dose. Same as lethal. Non-toxic dose. 15 to 45 grains. f EXPERIMENTS. 1 July 8, 1918, 2 p.m. Fowl received 60 grains of ammonium chloride. July 9. Fowl droopy, weak in legs, sitting. July 10. Same as July 9. July 11. Fowl died before 8 a. m. EXPERIMENTS IN AVIAN TOXICOLOGY 339 Autopsy Notes——No lesions were apparent. II. February 20, 1918, 11:05 a. m. Fowl received 45 grains of ammonium chloride in 12 ec of water (15 ce of a 20% solution). Stimulating effect observed almost immediately. Fowl had not been very active previously. After administration of the chloride, bird began scratching energetically and singing miore than the neighboring ‘untreated fowls. Would drop wing on one side in imitation of a rooster and would crowd up against the side of the cage which separated her from maother Hen. wows peck at hen through the eage. o 11:20a.m. Same as above. 11:25 a.m. Drinking considerable water. ~11:30a.m. Excitement has passed. on 1:00 p.m. Fowl hasa sleepy appearance. Bunches up some- what when not disturbed. 4:30 p.m. Not active. Bunched up. February 21, 1918, 9:00 a. m.. Fowl poor and pares up. Stands erect, but wabbles when disturbed. 4:30 p.m. Fowl droopy. Bunched up. Feathers ruffled. February 22... Above condition more ‘intensified. February 23. Fowl died before 8: 00 a: m. Autopsy Notes—Crop filled with food. Lungs che pa organs ec negtieois normal. | eri & ta June 25, 1918, 10: 00 a. m. Fowl received 45 grains of am- monium chloride. Result: No effect was apparent. IV. Pinney 28, 1918, 10:05 a. m. Fowl received 15 grains of ammonium chloride. Result: No effect was apparent. ARSENIOUS ACID. Lethal dose. 5 grains. Toxic dose. 5 grains. Non-toxic dose. 1 to 3 grains. EXPERIMENTS. i; June 10, 1918, 10: 00 a.m. Fowl received 5 aie Bos ar- senious acid. ee | tae oe. 340 B. A. GALLAGHER 4:00 p. m. Fowl somewhat droopy. Droppings greenish. July 11, 9:00 a. m. Fowl droopy. Droppings greenish and watery. 12:00 m. Fowl weak. Comb dark. 1:30 p.m. Fowl dead. 3 Autopsy Notes.—Food in crop and gizzard. Catarrhal ex- udate in the proventriculus. Internal membrane of the gizzard is necrosed and separated from wall at proventriculus entrance. Contents of gizzard greenish. Duodenum shows a catarrhal con- dition. Is pale in color. Contents of intestine are fluid and of greenish tinge. Liver is mottled. Rigor mortis is marked one hour after death. II. July 8, 1918, 2:00 p.m. Fowl received 3 grains of arsenious acid. Result: No effect was apparent. III. June 25, 1918, 10:00 a. m. Fowl received 1 grain arsenious acid. Result: No effect was apparent. BICHLORIDE OF MERCURY. (Mercurie Chloride, Corrosive Sublimate) Lethal dose. 4 grains. “Toxic dose. 4 grains. Non-toxic dose. 3 grains. 1-6000 solution as drinking water for 18 days. EXPERIMENTS. I. June 10, 1918, 10:00 a. m. Fowl received 5 grains of bi- chloride of mereury. 10:45 a. m. -Spasmodic movements of the crop for several minutes. 11:45 a. m. Droopy. 2:00 p.m. Sitting. Legs weak. Drooping. 4:00 p.m. Sitting. Cannot stand. Marked depression. | June 11, 1918, 9:00 a.m. Fowl found dead. Autopsy Notes.—No food in crop. Gizzard filled with food. Mucous membrane of dependent portion of crop is whitened and thickened as a result of coagulation necrosis. Proventriculus shows severe catarrhal condition. Mucosa at entrance to gizzard — ig necrosed. Membrane of posterior portion of gizzard is sepa- siunadacnoucati: IN AVIAN TOXICOLOGY 341 rated from the gizzard wall, the space being filled with clear fluid. Mucosa of first third of intestine is exfoliated and remainder of mall intestine shows a severe catarrhal condition. Other organs apparently normal. ee August 12, 1918, 2:20 p. m. ‘ Four-pound fowl received 4 grains of bichloride of mercury. 4:30 p.m. No change noted. August 13, 9:00 a.m. Legs very weak. Bird cannot walk. Sits down. Otherwise looks bright and normal. August 14, 9:00 a.m. Fowl cannot stand. August 15,9:00 a.m. Fowl dead. Autopsy Notes—Small amount of oats in crop. Crop wall is thickened, pale, mucosa is coagulated. Subcutaneous tissue sur- rounding crop and esophagus is infiltrated with a greenish gela- tinous exudate. Proventriculus shows several hemorrhagic points on mucosa. Gizzard contains a considerable quantity of greenish colored food. Mucosa of small intestine is pale. Kidney is very pale and studded with minute white spots. Air sac membranes in abdominal cavity are thickened. The abdominal cavity con- tains 6 ounces of a thick, somewhat viscid, fluid with a slight greenish tinge. II. February 28, 1918, 10:00 a.m. Fowl received a tablet con: taining 3 grains of bichloride of mercury and 3 grains of am- monium chloride. Result: No effect was apparent. IV. May 27, 1918,10:00 a.m. Gave fowl 1.4 grains of bichloride of mercury in feed. Fowl had not been fed for 24 hours, crop nearly empty. 3:00 p. m. Gave fowl another 1.4 grains of bichlroide of mercury in feed. Result: No effect was apparent as a result of fowl consuming 2.8 grains of bichloride of mercury in feed in one day. N June 14, 1918. Gave three fowls a 1-6000 solution of bi- chloride of mercury as drinking water. Fowls drank solution for a period of 18 days, consuming about 2500 ee each. No other water was given. Result: No effect was apparent. — t rt) $42 B. A. GALLAGHER © - VI. June 12 to 14, 1918. Several fowls which had not received drinking water for 24 hours were given bichloride of mercury solutions of 1-2000 and 1-4000 as drinking water. Fowls tasted solutions and refused to drink. Solutions were clear. At inter- vals the solutions were again placed in the fowls’ cages with the same result as above. After taking 1 to 3 swallows of solution the fowl shakes its head, rubs beak in the litter and elevates the feathers on the neck for a few moments. Gave fresh water and fowls drank eagerly. BISMUTH SUBNITRATE. Non-toxic dose. 144 ounce +. ‘EXPERIMENT. 7 : Z February 20, 1918, 9:50 a. m. Fowl received 4 ounce of bismuth subnitrate. Result: No effect was apparent. CALCIUM OXIDE (QUICKLIME) 5 Toxic dose. 114 drams. ' Non-toxic dose. 14 dram. EXPERIMENTS. a. August 15, 1918, 9: e a.m. Gave 3-pound fowl 1% drams of calcium oxide. August 16. Fowl is somewhat droopy. Droppings are green- ish in color. ' August 17. Fowl is dull in appearance. August 18. Fowl is dull in appearance. August 19. Fowl appears normal. qt, August 27, 1918, 10:30 a.m. Gave 314-pound fowl 1% legis of calcium oxide. Result: No effect was apparent. CALOMEL. (Mercurous Chloride) Non-toxic dose. 30 grains. .— EXPERIMENT. L February 7, 1918, 10:30 a. m. Fowl received 30 grains of calomel. EXPERIMENTS IN AVIAN TOXICOLOGY 343 February 8, 9:00 a. m. . Evidence of purging. Droppings greenish. Fowl has not been visibly affected otherwise. CARBOLIC ACID. Toxic dose. 5 grains in solution (11 ec of 3% solution), 3.75 grains in solution (12.5 ee of 2% solution). Non:toxie dose. 2 grains in solution (13 ce of 1% solution). 1-1000 solution as drinking water for 18 days. EXPERIMENTS. i August 12, 1918, 2:20 p. m. . Five-pound fowl received 11 c¢ of 3% carbolic acid solution (5 grains carbolic acid). 2:22 p. m. Crop puffed out somewhat. : _ 3:00 p.m. Fowl has shown some droopiness since ‘receiving the solution. ya | 3:45 p.m. Fowl apparently normal. | 4:30 p.m. Fowl apparently normal. August 18. Fowl appears normal. II. February 2, 1918, 10:00 a. m. Three-pound fowl received 12.5 ee of 2% earbolic acid solution (3.75 grains carbolic ice 11:00 a.m... Fowl shows dullness. - 2:,00 p.m. Fowl appears normal. February 3. Fowl is apparently normal. II. August 27, 1918, 10:30 a.m. Gave four-pound fowl 13 ee of 1% carbolic acid solution (2 grains carbolic acid). Result: No effect was apparent. a % Ray June 14, 1918. Gave three fowls a 1-1000 solution of carbolie ~ acid as drinking water for a period of 18 days. Each fowl con- sumed about 2500 ec. No other water was given. Result: No effect was apparent in any of the fowls. V. -- June 14, 1918. Several fowls were given carbolic acid solu- tions of 1-250 and 1-500 as drinking water. Fowls refused to drink the solutions. Gave fresh water and fowls drank eagerly. CASTOR OIL. Non-toxic dose. 614 drams +. 344 B. A. GALLAGHER EXPERIMENT. i February 7, 1918, 10:30 a.m. Fowl received 644 drams of eastor oil. February 8, 1918, 9:00 a.m. Evidence of moderate purging. Droppings greenish. Fowl was not visibly affected otherwise. CATECHU (CRUDE). Non-toxic dose. 1-500 solution ++. EXPERIMENT. he June 10, 1918. Gave fowl a 1-500 solution of crude catechu as drinking water. Fowl drank solution freely. July 1, 1918. Fowl drank 3000 ee of above solution in 21 days. No other water was given. No constipation was observed. No change in fowl was apparent. CHLORIDE OF LIME. Non-toxic dose. 34 to 114 drams. EXPERIMENTS. i August 15, 1918, 10:30 a.m. Five-pound fowl received 114 drams of chloride of lime. Result: No effect was apparent. ‘au August 13, 1918, 2:30 p. m. Five-pound fowl received 34 dram of chloride of lime. Result: No effect was apparent. COPPER SULPHATE. (Blue Stone) Lethal dose. 20 grains. 15 grains in solution. Toxic dose. Same as lethal. Non-toxic dose. 5 to 15 grains. EXPERIMENTS. z: ~ July 8, 1918, 2:00 p.m. Fowl received 20 grains of copper sulphate. | 4:00 p.m. No chiuge apparent. July 9. Fowl droopy. Sitting. July 10. Fowl droopy. Sitting. July 11, 9:00 a.m. Fowl dead. EXPERIMENTS IN AVIAN TOXICOLOGY 345 Autopsy Notes—Pharnyx and (Esophagus shows coagulation necrosis of the mucosa. Mucosa of crop exfoliated. Crop filled with water and greenish catarrhal exudate. Lower esophagus shows coagulation necrosis of mucosa. Proventriculus shows se- vere catarrhal gastritis. Catarrhal enteritis. Entire intestine is filled with greenish catarrhal exudate II. February 2, 1918, 10:00 a. m. Fowl received 15 grains of copper sulphate in solution (10 ec of 10% solution). Fowl drank water continuously for 15 minutes and then became restless for about three minutes. 12:00 m. Dull. 2:00 p.m. Dull. 4:30 p.m. Dull. February 3, 1918, 9:00 a.m. Fowl is droopy. 9:30 a.m. Convulsions developed and fowl died. Autopsy Notes—Crop normal. Distended with water. Con- siderable food in crop and gizzard. Mucosa of proventriculus in- tensely inflamed. Horny membrane of gizzard loosened near proventriculus opening. Hemorrhagic points in submucosa. Ca- tarrhal enteritis is quite: marked. Intestine contains consider- able bluish fluid. Mesenteric fat and peritoneum is petechiated. Heart is in systole. Il. . June 25,1918, 10:00 a.m. Fowl received 15 grains of cop- per sulphate. Result: No effect was apparent. IV. _ February 28, 1918, 10:10 a. m. Fowl received 5 grains of copper sulphate. Result: No effect was apparent. ERGOT, F. E. Non-toxic dose. 214 drams F. E. + = 214 drams of ergot. EXPERIMENT, I. February 8, 1918, 10:30 a. m. Fowl received 21%4 drams of fluid extract of ergot with 214 drams of water. Result: No effect was apparent. FERROUS SULPHATE, (Copperas ) Non-toxic dose. 30 grains +. f 346 _B. A. GALLAGHER EXPERIMENT. z: February 7, 1918, 10:30 a. m. Fowl received 30 grains of ferrous sulphate in solution (10 ce of 20% solution). Result: No effect was apparent. : IPECAC, F. E. Lethal dose. 1 to 2 drams. Toxie dose. 1 dram. Non-toxic dose. 1% to 34 dram. EXPERIMENTS. As : August 19, 1918, 1:10 p. m. Gave 414-pound fowl 2 drams F. E. of Ipecac. August 20. No apparent change. August 21,9:00a.m. Greenish fluid droppings. August 22,9:00 a.m. Fowl dead. Autopsy Notes.—Crop and gizzard filled with food. Mucosa of crop pale, slightly thickened. Lower esophagus and proven- triculus showed a catarrhal condition. Several hemorrhagic points in proventriculus. Small area of internal lining of giz- zard at entrance of proventriculus separated from gizzard wall. Mucosa of duodenum pale. Liver pale. It; August 19, 1918, 1:10 p.m. Gave 3-pound fowl 144 drams F’, E. Ipecac. August 20, 9:00 a.m. Fowl dead. Autopsy Notes——Some food in crop. Proventriculus showed a catarrhal condition. Hemorrhagic near entrance to gizzard. Membrane of gizzard easily separated near proventriculus open- ing. Liver is banded with light and dark stripes. 214; August 27, 1918, 10:30 a.m. Gave 414-pound fowl 1 dram of fluid extract of ipecac. August 28. No change apparent. August 29. Fowl dull. peas | August 30. Fowl died at 8: 00 a. m. i Autopsy Notes——Crop and gizzard filled with food. Manien of proventriculus thickened and catarrhal. Submucosa of giz- zard near proventricular opening hemorrhagic. Liver pale in spots and streaked with darker bands. Heart in systote. ~~ 6 \ EXPERIMENTS IN AVIAN TOXICOLOGY 347 IV. August 12, 1918, 2:20 p. m.. Gave 5-pound fowl 1144 drams' F. E. Ipecac. - August 14,9:00 a.m. Fowl has shown no change. August 15. Somewhat dull. : August 16. Somewhat dull. August 17. Apparently normal. V5 | August 30, 1918, 10:30 a.m. Gave 4-pound fowl 34 dram of fluid extract of Ipecac. Result: No effect was apparent. Vii | August 30, 1918, 10:30 a.m. Gave 4-pound fowl 1% dram of F. E. of Ipecac. Result: No effect was apparent. : LEAD OXIDE. (Litharge ) Non-toxic dose. 114 drams +. EXPERIMENT. I. + _ August 15, 1918, 9:40 a.m. Five-pound fowl received 114 drams of lead oxide. Result: No effect was apparent. MAGNESIUM SULPHATE. (Epsom Salts) Non-toxie dose. 1 dram in solution. EXPERIMENT. egy : T: _ February 7, 1918, 11:00 a. m. Fowl received 1 dram of Epsom salts in 414 drams of water. : February 8, 9:00 a. m. Evidence of moderate purging. Droppings fluid and brownish. Fowl was not visibly affected otherwise. | MALE FERN, F. E. _ Toxic dose. 244 drams, F. E. Non-toxic dose. 114 drams, F. E. EXPERIMENTS. L ~ April 25, 1918, 11:15 a.m. Fowl received 214 drams of fluid extract of male fern. 348 B. A. GALLAGHER 11:30 a.m. Fowl sleepy. Droopy. . 11:45a.m. Fowlsleepy. Sitting. . 12:00 m. Legs very weak. : 1:00 p. m. Very weak. Can raise itself on its feet with difficulty. 2:45 p. m. . Has great difficulty in iit ie to stand. 4:00 p.m. Standing, but legs are still weak. April 26, 1918, 9:00 a.m. Fowl has recovered. i, July 8, 1918, 2:00 p. m. Fowl received 114 drams of fluid extract of male fern. Result: No effect was apparent. POTASSIUM CYANIDE. Lethal dose. 1 to 2 grains. . Toxic dose. 1/10 to 14 grain. , EXPERIMENTS. i; February 20, 1918, 10:15 a.m. Gave fowl a 2-grain crystal of potassium cyanide per os.» Symptoms appeared in four min- utes. Fowl had difficulty in maintaining its balance. Dropped to the floor. After several minutes it fluttered around the cage for about 5 seconds, went down again, became comatose. and was dead in 12 minutes after swallowing the cyanide. ET. February 20, 10:30 a. m. Gave fowl a 1-grain erystal of potassium cyanide per os. Symptoms appeared in two minutes. Fowl became droopy, stood for several minutes with head drop- ped to floor (limber neck), fell to floor in a comatose state and. was dead 13 minutes after swallowing the cyanide. Did not struggle at any time. : III. July 8, 1918, 2:00 p. m. Gave fowl a 14-grain crystal of potassium cyanide per os. 2:02 p. m. Fowl jumped suddenly, striking top of cage. Stands very erect. Breathing more rapidly. Mouth open. 2:05 p.m. Unsteady on legs. Wings drooped. Distressed expression. 2:20 p. m. Fowl lying down. Continues breatoing through mouth, EXPERIMENTS IN AVIAN TOXICOLOGY 349 3:00 p.m. Same as above. Fowl can stand when forced up. 4:00 p.m. Fowl has recovered. IV. February 28, 10:15 a.m. Gave fowl 44% grain of potassium eyanide in gelatin capsule per os. 10:23 a.m. Fowl breathing rapidly through the mouth. 10:25 a.m. Wings drooping. Has attempted to pass drop- pings four times, each time a very small amount has been passed. 10:45 a.m. Same as above. Getting sleepy. 11:00 a.m. Same as above. Sleepy. 12:00 m. No change except that breathing is not as rapid. 1:30 p.m. Fowl has recovered. V. August 12, 2:23 p. m. Gave 3-pound fowl 1/10 grain pot- assium cyanide in small piece per os. 2:26 p.m. Breathing rapidly. 2:30 p.m. Sitting. me 3:00 p.m. Has depressed appearance.. Drowsy. Half sit- ting posture on being placed on feet. Sits again. Breathing not. so rapid. as 3:45 p.m. Standing. Some droopiness apparent. Breath- ing is normal and fowl is recovering. 4:30 p.m. Apparently normal. August 13, 9:00 a.m. Fowl is apparently normal. POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE. Lethal dose. 30 grains. Toxie dose. 30 grains. Non-toxic dose. 15 grains. 15 grains in solution. 1-500 solu- tion as drinking water. : EXPERIMENTS. i June 25, 1918, 10:00 a.m. Gave fowl 30 grains of potassium permanganate. 4:30 p.m. No symptoms noticed. June 26, 9:00 a.m. Fowl died during night. Autopsy Notes.—Crop filled with oats and some water. De- pendent portion of crop charred and softened. Apparently the mucous membrane was eaten through. Submucosa blackened; also skin on lower surface of crop and adjacent breast. Thick 350 : B. A. GALLAGHER coating of moist black material on lower mucosa of crop. Prob- ably remains of permanganate. Several blood clots in crop. Re- mainder of crop mucosa normal. All other organs normal. Per- manganate had not left crop as far as could be determined. Ap- parently hemorrhage had occurred in subcutaneous tissue and blood had been oxidized. II. February 2, 1918, 10:00 a. m. Gave fowl 15 grains of pot- asslum permanganate in solution (30 ee of 314% solution). Re- sult: No effect was apparent. II. July 8, 2:00 p. m. Gave fowl 15 grains of potassium per- manganate. Result: No effect was apparent. IV. June 10,10:00 a.m. Gave fowl a 1-500 solution of potassium permanganate as drinking water. Fowl drank solution freely. July 1. Fowl drank about 3000 ec of above solution in 21 days. No other water was given. Result: No effect was ap- parent. SALICYLIC ACID. Lethal dose. 30 to 75 grains. Toxic dose. 30 grains. Non-toxic dose. 15 grains. EXPERIMENTS. if June 10, 1918, 10:00 a. m. Gave fowl 75 grains of salicylic acid. 11:30 a.m. Wings dropped. Fowl sleepy. Droopy. 12:00 m. Condition growing worse. 3 1:30 p.m. Bird dead. Autopsy Notes—Crop filled with oats. No trace of the three gelatin capsules. At least half of the salicylic acid administered remains in the esophagus. Mucous membrane of mouth, esopha- gus, crop and lower esophagus is white from action of the sa- licylic acid. Protoplasm is apparently coagulated. Not so severe in lower esophagus and crop as in upper esophagus and mouth. No other lesions apparent. ET ee en eee EXPERIMENTS IN AVIAN TOXICOLOGY 351 it. - June 25, 1918, 10:00 a. m. Gave fowl 30 grains of salicylic acid. : 4:00 p.m. Fowl droopy. June 26,9:00 a.m. Fowl lying on side in comatose condition. 2:30 p.m. Fowl died. Autopsy Notes—Crop filled with food and some white mate- rial, probably salicylic acid. Dependent portion of wall of crop thickened, wrinkled and coagulated, white in color. Mucosa of lower esophagus and proventriculus whitened. Intestine mildly hemorrhagic throughout its lengths Wall congested. Liver dark, eapsule thickened in one place. Spleen soft. Ovary showed B. pullorum infection. ELL. duly 8,2:00 p.m. Gave fowl 15 grains of salicylic acid. Re- sult: No effect was apparent. SANTONIN. Non-toxie dose. 5 to 15 grains. EXPERIMENTS. I June 25, 10:00 a.m. Gave fowl 15 grains of santonin. Re- sult: No effect was apparent. 516 June 10, 10:00 a. m. Gave fowl 5 grains of santonin. Re- sult: No effect was apparent. 3 SODIUM CHLORIDE. ~ (Common Salt) Lethal dose. 214 drams. 21% drams in solution. Toxic dose. Same as lethal. Non-toxic dose. 114 to 134 drams. EXPERIMENTS. | I.. - February 2, 10:00 a. m. Gave fowl 214 drams of sodium chloride in solution (40 ee of 25% sol.). 11:00 a.m. Fowl is dull. 12:00 m. Fowl is dull. 2:00 p.m. Fowlis dull. Droopy. Sleepy. 4:30 p.m. Fowl is sitting. Sleepy. 352. B. A. GALLAGHER February 3, 9:00 a.m. Fowl found dead. Autopsy Notes—Considerable food in crop and gizzard. Crop, proventriculus and gizzard are normal. Small intestine normal. Rectum slightly inflamed. Liver darkened. Kidney congested. Heart is systole. Il. June 25, 10:00 a.m. Gave fowl 214 drams of sodium chlo- ride. June 26, 9:00 a.m. Fowl droopy. 1:00 p.m. Paralyzed. 5 4:00 p.m. Paralyzed. ShoWs condition known as wry neck. — June 27,9:00 a.m. Paralyzed. Lying on side. Wry neck. 11:00 a.m. Died. | Autopsy Notes——Crop gorged with food. Mucosa of crop white; cooked appearance, thickened. Severe catarrh of pro- ventriculus; tenacious mucous exudate. Horny membrane of gizzard easily removed. Duodenum showed slight congestion. Catarrh of duodenum. Liver darkened. pe ER July 8, 2:00 p.m. Gave fowl 134 drams of sodium chloride. Result: .No effect was apparent. ry. February 28, 10:00 a. m. Gave fowl 1144 drams of sodium chloride. _—s_ | 10:30 a. m. Fowl shows a moderate thirst. Results: No effects were apparent. pty SODIUM NITRATE. Lethal dose. 214 drams. Toxie dose. 114 drams. Non-toxic dose. 4% dram. EXPERIMENTS. i. February 20, 9:50 a.m. Gave fowl 214 drams of sodium nitrate. 11:00 a.m. Fowl dull and droopy. 12:00 m. Fowl shows increased dullness, droopiness and sleepiness. Sitting. | 1:00 p. m. Fowl is wideawake but dull. Is in a sitting posture. Legs paralyzed, cannot stand. pie | EXPERIMENTS IN AVIAN. TOXICOLOGY 353 3:00 p. m.. Fowl lying on its side, cannot move, legs para- lyzed. Greatly depressed. Death appears imminent. e 4:30 p.m. No change from above. February 21,9:00 a.m. Fowl died during night. . Autopsy Notes—Crop wall and skin covering it dehydrated. These membranes were transparent, dry and tough. Proven- ‘triculus shows severe catarrhal exudate. Inner membrane of gizzard separated from submucosa. Considerable fluid beneath inner membrane. Catarrhal enteritis. Duodenal mucosa con- gested somewhat. Liver dark. Spleen pale. Pancreas enlarged and infiltrated. Heart in systole. Considerable food in crop. II. February 28, 1918, 10:00 a. m. Gave fowl 114 drams of sodium nitrate. 1:30 p.m. No change is apparent. 3:30 p.m. Fowl bunched up and sleeping. On being aroused displays marked thirst. Becomes droopy and sleepy again. 4:30 p.m. Fowl droopy and shows thirst. March 1, 9:00 a. m. Fowl quiet. Sits down. Comb and wattles dark red. 12:00 m. Same as above. 1:30 p.m. Fowl paralyzed, no use of feet, prostrated. 3:30 p.m. Same as above. Comb blackening at the tips. 4:30 p.m. Same. March 2, 9:00 a. m. Fowl up, normal in appearance but quiet on being handled. Comb a bright red. 3:00 p.m. Fowl apparently normal. II. June 25,10:00 a.m. Gave fowl 14 dram of sodium nitrate. Result. No effect was apparent. STRYCHNINE SULPHATE. Lethal dose. 2 grains to 314-pound fowl. Toxic dose. 2 to 3 grains to 5-pound fowl. 1.5 grains to 3- pound fowl. 8 ec F. E. nux vomica = 1.2 grains to 3-pound fowl. Non-toxic dose. 2 grains to 5-pound fowl. EXPERIMENTS. pee r ‘August 12, 2:ac p.m. Gave 3%/-pound fowl 2. grains of strychnine sulphate in gelatin capsule per os.. 354 B. A. GALLAGHER 2:30 p.m. Breathing more rapidly. Some unsteadiness of 2:31 p.m. Convulsion lasting ten seconds. Fowl down on 2:32 p.m. Slight convulsion. Rapid breathing. 2:35 p.m. Slight convulsion. 2:36 p.m. Fowl stretched out at length. Rapid shivering of eee | | 2:40 p.m. Fowl dead. Autopsy Notes—Fowl stiff. Considerable fluid in crop. Heart in systole. Liver slightly congested. Comb, wattles and face darkened. II. August 12,2:23 p.m. Gave 5-pound fowl 3 grains of strych- nine sulphate in gelatin capsule per os. 2:45 p.m. Breathing rapidly. Unsteady on legs. 2:50 p.m. Sitting. 2:55 p.m. Standing. Breathing 180 per minute. 3:45 p.m. Breathing considerably decreased. Some eee iness on legs through lack of normal powers of balance. 4:30 p.m. Appears improved. August 18, 9:00 a.m. Fowl’s legs straddled. Cannot stand up. When disturbed clonic spasms lasting 4°or 5 seconds are set up. August 14,9:00 a.m. Fowl paralyzed. August 15, 9:00 a.m. Fowl stands fairly erect for a short time, but is unsteady on its feet. Diarrhoea present. August 16. Fowl stands, but is unsteady on feet. Much im- proved. August 17,9:00 a.m. Fowl appears normal. II. July 8,1:55 p.m. Gave 5-pound splat 2 grains of strychnine in gelatin capsule per os. 2:10 p.m. Fowl unsteady on feet. 2:15 p.m. Sways over backwards. Weak in legs. 4:00 p.m. No other change observed. Fowl apparently nor- mal. IV. February 19, 2:10 p.m. Gave fowl 1.5 grains of strychnine sulphate in gelatin capsule per os. | EXPERIMENTS IN AVIAN TOXICOLOGY 355 2:30 p.m. Fowl suddenly affected. Delay due to slowness of liquefaction of the capsule. Fowl staggers, legs spread, bird drops on her side. Several severe spasms in first 5 minutes, breathing rapidly. 2:40 p.m. Fowl sleepy, dozes for a moment and then starts suddenly, breathing rapidly ; no spasms. 3:00 p.m. Breathing less labored, fowl still prostrated. 4:00 p.m. Bird in sitting position. Can rise slightly from the floor, but cannot stand erect. Breathing normal and fowl appears bright and normal other than the leg weakness. February 20, 9:00 a.m. Fowl is apparently normal except for incodrdination of movement. Unsteady on its feet and lifts them higher than normal in walking. February 21. Fowl improving in ability to control legs, but still unsteady. February 23. Fowl apparently normal. V. February 8, 10:30 a.m. Gave fowl 8 ec of fluid extract of nux vomica (1% strychnine) with 8 ce of H,O by tube into crop = 1.2 grains of strychnine. 10:35 a.m. Fowl nervous. Breathing very rapidly. 7 10:40 a.m. Fowl wabbles, difficult to maintain balance, legs weak, bird does not stand erect. Severe spasm of muscles of body and wings lasting 10 seconds. 10:50 a. m. Fowl in sitting position from leg Wiekinieas or partial paralysis, breathing rapidly. Has had three violent con- vulsions. Comb and wattles redder than normal. 11:00 a.m. Breathing much slower. No more spasms. Bird is recovering. | 11:30 a.m. Fowl can stand. 12:00 m. Fowl appears normal. 4:30 p.m. Fowl normal. VAL June 25, 10:00 a. m. Gave 5-pound fowl 2 grains of strych- nine in gelatin capsule per os. No effect apparent except a slight increase in activity for several moments one hour after adminis- tration. SULPHUR. Non-toxic dose. 14 ounce ++. 356 B. A. GALLAGHER EXPERIMENT. ii February 20, 9:45 a.m. Fowl received 14 ounce of sulphur. Result: No effect was apparent. Fowl remained as active as it was previous to administration of the sulphur. TARTAR EMETIC. Lethal dose. 10 to 15 grains. Toxic dose. 10 grains. Non-toxic dose. 5 grains. EXPERIMENTS. i February 20, 9:40 a. m. Gave fowl 15 grains of tartar emetic. | 12:00 m. No special change except that the bird is quieter than normal. 1:00 p.m. Bird quieter than normal. Sits down a good deal. 4:30 p.m. Quiet but shows no special symptoms. February 21, 9:00 a.m. Fowl died during the night. Autopsy Notes—Comb normal. Heart in systole. Crop con- tains considerable food. Proventriculus shows eatarrhal condi- tion. Intestine catarrhal. Duodenum petechiated. Heart pe- techiated. Liver pale. Kidneys congested. Il. June 25,10:00 a.m. Gave fowl 10 grains tartar emetic. June 26. No apparent change. June 27. No apparent change. June 28,9:00 a.m. Fowl dead. Autopsy Notes——Considerable food in crop. Mucosa of de- pendent portion of crop shows a number of small necrotic patches and erosions. Mucosa of duodenum hemorrhagic. Liver con- gested in spots, pale in spots. Heart in systole. III. February 28, 10:15 a. m. Fowl received 5 grains of tartar emetic. Result: No effect was apparent. ‘ TURPENTINE. Non-toxie dose. 2144 drams ++. EXPERIMENT. :. February 7, 10:30 a.m. Fowl received 214 drams of turpen- tine with 214 drams of linseed oil. Result: No effect was ap- parent. — x es THE METHOD OF THE BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY FOR TESTING THE PO-: TENCY OF TUBERCULIN. E. C. SCHROEDER, M. D. V., and G. W. Brett, D. V. M., Bureau of Animal Industry Experiment Station. The frequency with which tuberculous cattle fail to manifest symptoms of disease until long after they have become dangerous disseminators of tubercle bacilli, and the measure in which the eontrol and eradication of tuberculosis among animals depend upon a reliable means of diagnosing the disease, and the extent to which diagnosis depends upon the use of tuberculin, make it emi- nently desirable that the tuberculin sold under government licenses should be tested periodically to insure its potency and purity. Recognizing the truth of the above statement, the Experiment Station of the Bureau of Animal Industry undertook a number of years ago to make periodic tests of commercial tuberculin. These tests soon revealed that some of the tuberculin obtainable from regular dealers was greatly lacking in potency, and that the standardization of tuberculin was a problem which presented a number of difficulties. Experimental work, in which various species of animals were used, was at once undertaken, which led to the adoption of the following described test, now currently used at the Station. The test is based on the toxicity of tuberculin for tuberculous - animals, and is a modification of the standardization test orig- inally defined and used by Koch, the discoverer of the tubercle bacillus and of tuberculin. Guinea pigs, practically alike in size, age, weight, variety, ete., are infected with tuberculosis through the subcutaneous j in- Sutin of tuberculous material. The tuberculous material used is prepared as follows: A small amount of fresh tuberculous tissue from a tuberculous guinea pig (from 2 to 3 grams) is triturated with a sufficient volume of sterile, distilled water to make a smooth, semi-fiuid paste. The paste is then thoroughly mixed with 150 to 200 ce of sterile, distilled water and the resulting suspension filtered through ordi- nary filter paper. The filtrate is used to inject the guinea pigs, and the dose is determined by the approximate abundance of 358 E. C. SCHROEDER and G. W. BRETT tubercle bacilli it contains. If, for instance, the microscopic examination of cover-glass preparations of the filtrate shows one tubercle bacillus in each field, one-quarter of a cubic centimeter is regarded as a sufficient dose; if only one or two tubercle bacilli are found on each cover-glass, a dose of one-half cubic centimeter is used. At the Experiment Station we prefer material of the kind above described for infecting guinea pigs with tuberculosis be- cause it contains a more even distribution of tubercle bacilli than a suspension made with a pure culture. In suspension made with pure cultures it is practically impossible to get rid of clumps of tubercle bacilli, which, though they may be small enough to re- quire magnification to be visible, are found on microscopic ex- amination to be composed of numerous germs. In the diluted tissue emulsion the germs are well separated; only occasionally groups of two or three are seen; hence, any portion of the mate- rial is very likely to be practically as infectious as any other equal portion. oe Further, as it requires only a very minute amount of a for- eign protein to anaphylactically sensitize guinea pigs, the infec- tion of guinea pigs with tuberculous tissue from guinea pigs eliminates the errors which might arise from a sensitization to a foreign protein contained in the culture media on which tubercle bacilli are grown. Two points in the infection of the guinea pigs are kept in mind: first, the equal exposure of all the guinea pigs, and, second, that the exposure shall be sufficient but not excessive. Beginning about three weeks after the guinea pigs have been infected, tests are made to determine the degree of sensitiveness to tuberculin which has developed. Two guinea pigs are injected, intraibdominally, one with the equivalent of one cattle dose of tuberculin per 500 grams of its weight and the other with the equivalent of one and one-half cattle doses per 500 grams of its weight. (The term cattle dose signifies the dose of tuberculin recommended for diagnosing tuberculosis in an adult bovine animal of average weight. ) If both guinea pigs survive, several days are allowed to pass and the same test is repeated on two'more guinea pigs. If the guinea pig which received the larger dose died and the one which received the smaller dose survived, two guinea pigs are injected daily with the smaller dose until the sensitiveness to tuberculin has developed sufficiently for both to die within a period of B. A. I. METHOD OF TESTING TUBERCULIN 359 twenty-four hours. Following this day six guinea pigs are given each the equivalent of one cattle dose of tuberculin per 500 grams of weight, and if not less than four of the six die within twenty-four hours the remaining guinea pigs of the number originally infected with tuberculosis are regarded as ready for use on the next day, on which the procedure is as follows: - As many groups of six guinea pigs each, plus one additional group, are taken as there are samples of tuberculin to test, and to each group two normal, healthy guinea pigs are added. Each group is used for one sample of tuberculin and each guinea pig is injected, intraibdominally, with one cattle dose of tuberculin per 500 grams of its weight. (The dose is carefully measured, as, for example, a guinea pig which weighs just 500 grams receives one cattle dose of tuberculin, or precisely the dose recommended by the manu- facturers for testing a bovine animal of average size. Should the guinea pig weigh 600 grams, the dose would be 600/500 of one cattle dose, or 1.2 cattle doses; should it weigh 400 grams, the dose would be 400/500 of one cattle dose, or 0.8 cattle dose.) To determine the sensitiveness of the tuberculous guinea pigs a Bureau of Animal Industry tuberculin is used, which, in a previous test, proved to be of reliable potency. The plus group of guinea pigs is injected with Bureau of Animal Industry tubereulin of presumably known potency, and is provisionally taken as a standard of comparison. Now, if the tuberculin which is provisionally taken as the standard kills not less than two-thirds of the sensitized guinea pigs injected with it before the lapse of twenty-four hours, and the two normal guinea pigs injected with it remain free from symptoms of disease excepting the rapidly passing distress which may immediately follow the injection, it is required that any other sample of tuberculin, if it possesses a reliable degree of potency, should kill, within twenty-four hours, at least half the sensitized guinea pigs injected with it, and that the normal guinea pigs injected with it should be alive and well at the end of twenty-four hours. All guinea pigs that die must show, on autopsy, the character- istic lesions found when tuberculous animals die as the result of an injection of tuberculin. The normal guinea pigs, after the potency tests are completed, are held under observation a sufficient length of time for tuber- ‘eulosis:‘to develop in the case the tuberculin with which they were 360 KE. C. SCHROEDER and G. W. BRETT - injected happened to be contaminated with living tubercle bacilli. If any sample of tuberculin in the tests fails to show sufficient potency, or seems to contain extraneous substances which are harmful to healthy guinea pigs, additional tests are at once made to confirm the original test and to measure the degree of trouble, and it is only after the latter tests are completed that the Ex- periment Station reports to the Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry and recommends such action as may be desirable. As it would not be fair to accept the Bureau of Animal In- dustry tuberculin or any other test without further consider- ation, as an absolute standard, although the Bureau tuberculin with numerous and varied tests has never failed to prove satis- factory, it is used provisionally only. It is not recognized as a satisfactory standard until a test in which six to eight other samples of tuberculin are also concerned proves that its potency is neither greater nor lower than the average potency of the six to eight other samples. For example, if it was found that the Bureau tuberculin was the only one among six to eight samples which invariably killed all the sensitized guinea pigs injected with it, it would be necessary at once to assume that it was super- potent. On the other hand, if the average number of deaths caused by the other samples exceeded the proportion of deaths caused by the Bureau tuberculin, the only just conclusion would be that the Bureau product was sub-potent. It may prove interesting to know that healthy guinea pigs tolerate intraibdominal injections of from two to two and one- half cattle doses of tuberculin per 500 grams of weight. Follow- ing inoculations with tuberculosis, the first evidence of developing sensitiveness to tubereulin can be detected, as a rule, on the twelfth day. After the twelfth day the sensitiveness increases with varying rapidity. The interval of time between the first determinable sensitiveness and that degree through which one cattle dose of tuberculin per 500 grams of guinea pig is fatal varies from ten to twenty-three days. In other words, the guinea pigs the Station uses in iis tuberculin potency tests may be at the precisely required stage of sensitiveness as early as twenty-two days, or not until as late as thirty-five days, after they have been inoculated with tuberculosis. The average length of time is twenty-nine days. | Sensitiveness continues to increase after one cattle dose of tuberculin per 500 grams weight of guinea pig has become fatal, so that, for example, fifty days after guinea pigs have been B. A. I. METHOD OF TESTING TUBERCULIN 361 inoculated with tuberculosis one-eighth cattle dose of tuberculin may prove fatal in less than twenty-four hours. The use of the guinea pigs in practical tests on the day when one cattle dose of tuberculin causes death within twenty-four hours has a double advantage: Tuberculous lesions are sufficient- ly developed for the easy observation on postmortem examination of the conditions peculiar to such lesions in animals that have died of tuberculin anaphylaxis, and the disease has not progressed to a stage at which it, in combination with the shock due to handling and an intraabdominal injection, may cause frequent deaths not certainly attributable to the toxic properties of tuber- eulin for tuberculous animals. | There are several companies that invariably produce a tuber- eulin from 10% to 25% more potent than Bureau tuberculin ; also, there are several companies that produce tuberculin which frequently ranges from 25% to 75% below the potency of Bureau tuberculin. The super-potent tuberculin, provided it does not. injure healthy guinea pigs injected with it, is the kind that merits special commendation, because, within reasonable or economic limits, it is hardly possible to produce a tuberculin too strong to defeat satisfactory results when it is used as a diagnostic agent for cattle tuberculosis. Cattle that are free from tuber- culosis do not react with tuberculin and are not sensibly injured by it, though they receive doses five, or even ten, times as large as the dose required to cause a good reaction in a tuberculous: animal. On the other hand, a dose of tuberculin greatly in ex-' cess of the necessary amount has no tendency to defeat the.occur- rence of a reaction in a tuberculous animal. | : The slightly greater expenditure required to produce a tuber- eulin which, if its potency varies at all, does so from normal to super-normal, than to produce a tuberculin which varies from normal to sub-normal, is so small when compared with the losses and disappointments which may follow the use of a tuberculin of. sub-normal potency in only a few herds of cattle, that the higher grade should be the constant standard of all manufacturers. The fire destroying the veterinary hospital and all its con- tents of Dr. George Cohen on East Twenty-third Street also destroyed all the anatomical equipment of the New York State Veterinary College. Temporary quarters in Twenty-fourth Street at Fiss, Doerr & Carroll’s were immediately equipped for: the students. | - PRESENTATION OF PORTRAITS OF DRS. SALMON, MELVIN AND MOHLER TO THE A. V. M. A. AT THE PHILADELPHIA MEETING. Address by R. F. HBacGur, Chicago, Illinois. To the Officers and Members of the American Veterinary Medical Association: The index to the dial of veterinary progress continues to point forward. Few, if any, of the sciences have shown the rapid progress that has marked veterinary advancement during the past decade. Time will not permit a review of the many achieve- ments of veterinary science in the interest of hygiene and agri- culture, yet suffice it to say that the profession is recognized as truly scientific and indispensable in its economic importance to the general welfare of a progressive citizenship. | The advancement of and recognition now given veterinary science are the result of conscientious effort on the part of either the individual veterinarian or the various veterinary institutions to attain those standards in education and ethics that have been established by this Association. Each veterinarian should at all times feel that his vocation is an honorable one, carrying with it a social standing, the dignity of which will be measured by the attainments of the individual since the profession has already established itself in this connection. : During the development of veterinary science in America not only the profession but its individual members have been greatly dignified by special recognition given numerous members of the profession in view of their valuable scientific and practical contributions to agriculture and hygiene. We find that veter- inarians in addition to proving their ability in veterinary lines have also shown exceptional ability in organization, direction and administration. Especially is this true in many avenues of the commercial world. Our profession enlists among its illustrious dead men who, during their lives, possessed exceptional scientific ability and whose personal service given to the further develop- ment of veterinary science has caused them to become immortal in the influence that shall live after them. The profession also proudly points to numerous of its members who have survived the illustrious dead as men who are devoting their life’s work PRESENTATION OF PORTRAITS TO A. V. M. A. 363 to raising the standard of the profession, and many of them have given to the world scientific contributions which have played an important role in the onward march of civilization. Agriculture and hygiene owe a great deal to such scientific achievements, yet we regret that up to date our profession has not perhaps gone as far as was possible in establishing material tokens in honor of our distinguished members, be they either among the illustrious dead or those that survive them. It is for the purpose of starting a movement of this kind that I appear before you today, especially since an opportunity has presented itself to honor those that have distinguished themselves in our profession. During the month of December, 1917, I had the privilege of attending a joint session of the United States Live Stock Sanitary Association and officers of the various pure breed associations and the packing industries, which session was ealled to give consideration to the plan of the United States Bureau of Animal Industry for the establishment of tuberculosis- free accredited herds. The meeting was held in the Saddle and Sirloin Club at the Union Stock Yards, Chicago, Il., which stock yards, as you know, is the largest live stock market in the world. Among the many beautiful and interesting features and appoint- ments of the Saddle and Sirloin Club is the art gallery, the walls of which are dedicated as a permanent place for the portraits of those whose contributions to the live stock industry entitle them to be thus honored. While visiting this gallery in company with Dr. V. A. Moore, of Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y., we were somewhat surprised to note that the veterinary profession had not yet been honored with a portrait of a distinguished member. Dr. Moore and my- self at once concluded if the rules of the Saddle and Sirloin Club would permit some plan should be evolved that would result in _ honoring the memory of Dr. Daniel Elmer Salmon, who not only was distinguished as the first Chief of the United States Bureau of Animal Industry but was also considered a veterinarian of exceptional scientific attainments. Dr. Moore and I appointed ourselves as a committee to investigate the possibilities in this connection and as I am a resident of Chicago it was agreed that I personally follow this matter to a definite conclusion. The possibility of honoring a veterinarian in this manner was first referred to Mr. R. B. Ogilvie, Secretary of the American Clydes- dale Association, who is also a member of the Art Committee of the Saddle and Sirloin Club. Mr. Ogilvie was very much im- . 364. ie R. FEF. Eacurt pressed with the plan; which, in his opinion, opened a very desirable medium by which the profession would not only be further dignified but, equally important, the establishment of a veterinary gallery in connection with the present gallery of the Saddle and Sirloin Club would result in not only bringing to a common meeting ground the producers of live stock and meats but also those upon whom the country must depend for the conservation of same—namely, the veterinarian. Such a pleasant status should be most desirable and result in a closer cooperative spirit existing between members of our profession and the live stock producers. Mr. Ogilvie is entitled to not only the appreciation of the entire profession but, further, the greatest commendation for his deep interest and untiring efforts in assisting in the creation of a veterinary gallery in connection with the Saddle and Sirloin’ Club. Such a gallery will undoubtedly become historic through its influence in developing a more decided fraternal feeling be- tween live stock producers and veterinarians. The interests of the two are in common, and it is essential to the scientific success of both that they better know one another. The creation of this: gallery should serve to greatly stimulate the activities among the members of our profession in an effort to gain the same honor: and recognition as those whose portraits are now a part of the gallery. Both the profession and the live stock retiiars | will greatly profit by such increased activities. It might be said for the information of the Association that the Art Gallery of the Saddle and Sirloin Club at Chicago is not only the largest of its kind but the best in the world. Among the membership of the Saddle and Sirloin Club are those directly interested in the breeding and raising of all species of live stock and the production of meats. Immediately following the receipt of a letter from Mr. A. G. Leonard, Chairman of the Art Committee of the Saddle and Sirloin Club and President of the Union Stock Yards, and also. Mr. R. B. Ogilvie, who advised me that the club would favor the. acceptance of portraits of distinguished members of the pro- fession, the name of Dr. Daniel Elmer Salmon was submitted. This same committee advised that the portrait of one who for so many years was a faithful and efficient officer of the Department: of Agriculture at. Washington would be very acceptable. The: question then presented itself as to how best obtain the funds for) procuring the portrait of Dr. Salnion. In conversation with: PRESENTATION OF PORTRAITS TO A. V. M. A. 365 Mr. Thomas EK. Wilson, President of Wilson & Co., who is also a member of the Saddle and Sirloin Club and a breeder of pure bred cattle, horses and swine, he informed me that in his opinion the plan as outlined for honoring the memory of distinguished members of our profession was one which he personally felt would result in a great amount of good to both the live stock industry and the veterinary profession in America. Mr. Wilson’s high regard for the scientific veterinarian and his further appreciation of his value in connection with the conservation of our live stock and meat industries caused him to take a keen personal interest in the plan for honoring dis- tinguished members of our profession, and when the question of financial assistance was presented to him for the purpose of obtaining a portrait of Dr. Daniel Elmer Salmon, Mr. Wilson immediately volunteered to contribute a fund which he desired to be used as a basis for the establishment of a veterinary gallery in connection with the Saddle and Sirloin Club. to be the third to be hung in the gallery and the first portrait of any living veterinarian. The country is fortunate in having as the successor to such able men as D. E. Salmon and A. D. Melvin at the head of the National Bureau of Animal Industry a man so well qualified for that important post as John Robbins Mohler. In education and experience, in talent and in temperament, in scientific knowledge and its practical application, and in general administrative ability, Dr. Mohler combines in a rare degree the qualities needed in such a position. His professional education was acquired in the veterinary department of the University of Pennsylvania in his native city of Philadelphia. After a brief period of veterinary practice he entered the service of the Bureau of Animal Industry, where in the course of twenty years he has undergone varied experience and training which have helped to fit him to head the organiza- tion. First he was assigned to the live stock inspection service in connection with the quarantine for tick fever of cattle and the importation of animals from Mexico, and was stationed in Texas, New Mexico and California. Later he was tranasferred to meat inspection and served at Kansas City and Milwaukee. While at the latter place he attended the Medical College of Marquette University for two years. His taste for scientific re- search led to his transfer to the Pathological Division of the Bureau at Washington. There he rose to be Assistant Chief and later Chief of that Division. After several years he became Assistant Chief of the Bureau under Dr. Melvin. In that posi- tion he had a large part in the executive affairs, and during the period of Dr. Melvin’s failing health the direction of the Bu- reau’s work devolved upon him to an increasing extent. So when Dr. Melvin passed away the Secretary of Agriculture did the logical thing in appointing Dr. Mohler Chief of the Bureau. In the science of animal pathology Dr. Mohler has done some notable work which deserves to be recounted here. His first im- portant work of this kind was in clearing up the etiology of a disease of sheep which he named caseous lymph-adenitis, an affection which, up to that time, had been confused with tuber- eculosis and actinomycosis in meat inspection. He discovered a new fusarium as the causal agent of dermal mycosis of horses, and determined that the necrophorus bacillus was the causal factor of such diseases as foot rot in sheep, anovulvitis, necrotic dermatitis, ete. He discovered the microérganism of a new dis- 370 R. F. Eaciz ease of goats, which disease was named takosis, and also dis- covered the causal agent of apoplectiform septicemia, a new dis- ease of chickens. He found the infection of surra in an importa- tion of cattle brought to this country from India, and this dis- covery prevented the introduction of that oriental pest into the United States. He also discovered the trypanosome of dourine in horses in this country, thereby identifying and connecting this animal venereal disease in the United States with the one exist- ing in Europe. He devised an apparatus by which sterile air could be used in the treatment of milk fever of cows. His-dis- covery of the low potency of tetanus antitoxin as found on the market led to the law placing veterinary biological bide under the supervision of the Bureau. “ In the various outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease in. the United States he has done valuable work. In 1902 he confirmed the diagnosis of the malady. In the .1908 outbreak by a brillant piece of what may be-termed scientific detective work he definitely traced the source of the infection to a-strain of contaminated smallpox vaccine that had been imported some time before. At the time of the third outbreak in 1914-15, although engaged in administrative work, he devoted considerable time to making investigations which resulted in the discovery that the virus of foot-and-mouth disease will live for a long time in phenolized hog-cholera serum. One of his most recent achievements is his work on vesicular stomatitis in differentiating this infection from foot-and-mouth disease. ’ a In the practical application of scientific results no less than in original research Dr: Mohler has shown talent and vision. He has labored not so much to make discoveries in pure science as to gain knowledge needed in meeting actual problems and bringing about practical benefits. He was quick to see the possibility and the benefits of utilizing the knowledge of the life history of the southern cattle tick so as to bring about the extermination of this pest, and he was the first member of the staff of the Department of Agriculture to regard such an undertaking as feasible. Asa writer Dr. Mohler is gifted with a clear and fiuent style. A long list of literature, some technical and some popular, stands to his credit. Besides original work, he has made English translations of valuable foreign treatises. His popular writings show that he knows how to place useful knowledge before the ordinary stockman and farmer, and that he has no fear of sac- rificing scientific dignity in so doing. A PRESENTATION OF PorTRAITS TO A. V. M. A. : 8371 Dr. Mohler’s activities have not been confined to the Bureau in which he is employed and his popularity with veterinary and other scientific bodies is evidenced by the honorable distinction which has been accorded him by the various organizations in which he holds membership, among which may be mentioned the American Veterinary Medical Association, of which he was vice president in 1912 and president in 1913; United States Live Stock Sanitary Association, which elected him vice president in 1910; District of Columbia Board of Veterinary Examiners, of which he was president, 1914-15; International Veterinary Con- gress; International Congress of Tuberculosis, secretary of sec- tion; vice president of the International Veterinary Congress, 1914; International Congress of Hygiene; Society of American Bacteriologists; Veterinary Medical Association of the District of Columbia; American Public Health Association; Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine; honorary member of the Pennsylvania Veterinary Medical Association; member of the International Commission of the American Veterinary Medical Association on the Control of Bovine Tuberculosis, 1910; member of the Cosmos Club; member of the advisory committee of the Hygiene Laboratory of the Public Health Service; and a-member of the veterinary advisory committee of the Surgeon General’s Department. In the world there are many men talented for scientific re- search; there are many who know how to apply technical knowl- edge for practical good; there are many who have the gift of organization, direction, and administration; but seldom do we find a man so well endowed with a combination of all these qualities as the one whom we honor today in the ee of this portrait, John R. Mohler. It is with considerable pride to the committee that circum- stances have made possible the presentation of Dr. Mohler’s portrait in his native city and under the shadow of the great university in which he acquired his veterinary education. | Messrs. Leonard and Ogilvie have advised me by a letter that in order to give all due significance to the acceptance of the por- traits by the Saddle and Sirloin Club they should come from the American Veterinary Medical Association, of which Drs. Salmon, Melvin and Mohler were distinguished members. It is hoped that the efforts of Messrs. Leonard and Ogilvie, Dr. Moore and myself, which were realized through the generosity of Mr. Thomas E. Wilson, and the attitude of the Saddle and Sirloin Club will 372 ; Vv. A. Moorg meet with the hearty approval of this Association. We also hope that our efforts will be greatly enlarged upon and that the veter- imary gallery of the Saddle and Sirloin Club will often be used to not only show the honor due but appreciation by our pro- fession for those that are entitled to such recognition. PORTRAITS OF DISTINGUISHED VETERINARIANS PRESENTED TO SADDLE AND SIRLOIN CLUB. Address by VERANUS A. Moors, Ithaca, N. Y. Members of the Saddle and Sirloin Club and Gentlemen: There are two pleasant duties that I am very glad to perform. The first is to express the appreciation and thanks of veterina- rians generally, and of the members of the American Veterinary Medical Association in particular, to the Saddle and Sirloin Club for opening ‘‘a gallery for the portraits of distinguished veter- inarians.’’ Already in this world-famous collection you have paid a high tribute to men who have built up in America a live stock husbandry and industry unequalled elsewhere in the world. Through the medium of the artist you have expressed a genuine and lasting appreciation of the great leaders in the development of strains of domesticated animals and in the organization of a vast business in animals and their products. It has been said that great leaders may be regarded as possess- ing a two-fold ancestry, physical and spiritual. They owe much in one way to their parents, their grandparents and remoter progenitors, from some or all of whom they derive in varying © degrees and combinations the personal qualities whose special interaction constitutes their greatness. They owe much in an- other way to their intellectual and moral ancestors, the thinkers and workers who have preceded them in their own and allied fields of thought and action and who have made possible in the course of time the achievements of the hour. [Editor’s Note.—At the meeting of the American Veterinary Medical Asso- ciation in Philadelphia in August, 1918, the portraits of Drs. D. E. Salmon, A. D. Melvin and J. R. Mohler were presented to the Association by Dr. R. F. Eagle on behalf of the Art Committee of the Saddle and Sirloin Ciub, with the understanding that the Association should return the portraits to the club for the gallery it had opened for distinguished veterinarians. In addition to these, the portraits of Dr. James Law, contributed by the alumni of the New York State Veterinary College at Cornell University, and of Dr. Leonard Pearson, contributed by the alumni of the School of Veterinary Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, were presented to the club and received by its President, Mr. A. H. Sanders. PRESENTATION OF PORTRAITS TO SADDLE AND SIRLOIN CLUB 373 Likewise, it may be said that every great enterprise, whether religious, educational or industrial in character, is dependent on two factors or groups of factors. The first is found in the initiative, foresight and genius of its founder; the other is the agent or agencies that comes to its relief when the movement has advanced as far as it is possible for it to go by itself. Progress is made by the successive and successful: application of new truths. Our marvelous animal husbandry and industry were made possible because certain wise men penetrated the mystery of the laws governing the evolution of strains of animal life and others elucidated the forces that tend to destroy it. The time came, in the development of our animal industry, when live stock - owners and dealers weleomed the assistance of the men who had sought out methods to protect dumb creation from the ravages of disease—the pestilence that walketh by night—and together the breeders and veterinarians have advanced the industry to a degree of success far beyond that obtainable by either alone. In the gallery you are dedicating tonight you are giving expression to an appreciation of the services of those who have safeguarded and protected—sometimes against your will—the animal industry of the nation. To emphasize this point it is not necessary to do more than recall the struggle and victory against eontagious pleuro-pneumonia in the eighties; the development of the federal meat inspection, authorized in the nineties; and the eradication of foot-and-mouth disease in the last decade. Associated with these triumphs in control are the invaluable benefits derived from the researches in animal diseases which have made possible the formulation of methods.for their pre- vention. My second task is to present to the Saddle and Sirloin Club, to adorn the walls of this new gallery, the portraits of five veter- inarians, individually distinguished for public service and pro- fessionally of lineal descent. These men represent the gener- ations from the beginning of the study of animal plagues in America to the present improved veterinary protection of food- producing animals. They established in the United States a permanent system of veterinary education and erystallized, as it were, efficient methods for state and federal control of animal diseases. It has been my good fortune to have known each of these men; to have worked with each; to have known of their ambitions to protect and serve the live stock interests of our country; and to have been thrilled by the kindling inspiration 374 V. A. Moore of their eventful lives. It is most fitting that their portraits should be the first to be unveiled in this new gallery. Around them, we hope there may be assembled the likenesses of the prominent veterinarians of earlier years who served to the limit of existing knowledge the people of their days; and in the future those who-may carry the projects already initiated and to be introduced hereafter to a goal.of greater perfection. The first portrait that I have the honor to present is that of Dr. James Law. He may not be known as widely in this circle as the others, but his portrait is unveiled first becasue he was the professional teacher of Dr. Salmon, who, because of his official ' position, was first selected for this honor. Dr. Law was born in Scotland, February 13, 1838. He was educated in the schools of Edinburgh, Alfort and Lyons and graduated from the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons. In 1868, he came to America at the solicitation of the late Hon. Andrew D. White to become professor of veterinary medicine in Cornell University. He came from a country where a large human population had made animal husbandry more difficult than here, but he recognized that the experience of the old world would all too soon be ours. Guided by a prophetic vision of that which was sure to come, he undertook immediately to develop the veterinary profession in this country along the lines indicated by scientific discoveries. He was anxious to prepare men to safeguard adequately our animal population. Later, he brought about the establishment of the first state-supported veterinary college in America, over which he presided for twelve years. In addition to his great work for veterinary education and his valuable scientific contributions, Dr. Law was America’s fore- most veterinarian to organize sanitary measures to eradicate infectious diseases. Among his first pupils was Daniel Elmer Salmon, whom he influenced to go to Alfort for further study. It was also under his tutelage that Dr. Leonard Pearson received his early training in live stock sanitation. Dr. Law was an inspiring teacher. He has been a helpful writer and the author of the most compre- hensive work on veterinary medicine in America. He is a man of high ideals and a thorough scholar. He is now living on the campus of Cornell University in his eighty-first year, hale and hearty for one of his age. He still retains a deep interest in all veterinary subjects. He is the ‘‘grand old man’’ of the veter- inary profession in America and beloved by all who know him. PRESENTATION OF PORTRAITS TO SADDLE AND SIRLOIN CLUB 375 His portrait will serve both as an inspiration and a benediction to all the generations of veterinarians that are to come and to go. Dr. Daniel Elmer Salmon was born at Mt. Olive, N. J., July 23,1850. He graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Science from Cornell University in 1872 and with the degree of Doctor of Veterinary Medicine in 1876. He studied, at Dr. Law’s sug- gestion, a part of the time between ’72 and ’76 at Alfort, France. “While there he came under the influence and teaching of the great Pasteur. He was among the first in America to report the findings of bacteriological studies of animal diseases. In 1879, -he'was appointed inspector of the state of New York to serve on ‘the staff of Dr. Law in an effort to stamp out contagious pleuro- ‘pneumonia of cattle. Later he accepted a position under Com- ‘missioner LeDuc, of the United States Department of Agricul- ture, to investigate animal diseases in the Southern States. In 1883, he was recalled to Washington to establish a veterinary ‘division in the Department. About that time, contagious pleuro- pneumonia became a serious menace, and he recognized the neces- ‘sity of a central authority and organization to protect our cattle. ‘He conceived the plan of a Federal Bureau of Animal Industry “and through his efforts it was established in 1884. As Chief of ‘that Bureau his work was two-fold: research and the enforee- ment of regulatory laws. It was with feelings of deep regret that he was gradually forced from researches on animal diseases into the turmoils of administrative life. However, it was for him to recognize the greater problems in the sanitary control of food-producing animals and to initiate the means for their solu- tion. | | Among the benefits to the live stock interests which the Bureau of Animal Industry gave to our people during his ad- ministration should be mentioned the eradication from America of contagious pleuro-pneumonia in cattle; the federal inspection of exported animals and the ships to carry them; improvement -in the quarantine regulations against imported animals; the discovery of the cause of Texas fever and methods for the con- trol of that disease; the establishment of the federal meat inspec- tion service; and many important investigations into the nature of several serious infectious maladies of animals. As Chief of the Bureau, Dr. Salmon stood firm against political interference with research and other scientifie work. He was equally careful to protect the breeders and those engaged ‘in animal traffic. To him, more than to any other, we are in- 376 V. A. Moore debted for an efficient organization to combat animal plagues and a meat inspection service which has protected our commerce -in animal products and safeguarded the people against the dis- eases communicable to them through dumb creation. In these protections our country is not excelled. In 1906 Dr. Salmon accepted the directorship of the veter- inary department of the University of Montevideo for the govern- ment of Uruguay. He labored there with great diligence and success for five years, when he returned to this country. Dr. Salmon was a prominent writer on veterinary subjects, especially those pertaining to the infectious diseases. Many of his publications have appeared in other languages. He was a elear and convincing speaker. He was a member of many scientific societies. With all his greatness he was a modest and kindly man, retiring in nature, of studious habits, just in his deliberations but firm when his decision was reached. « 435 322 113 Southerh Zones sii. oss 509 180 329 Western’ ZONE sii cecceans 359 197 162 Total. ees 1642 906 736 Rosters of members of all subordinate associations arranged alphabetically will be published in connection with minutes of proceedings of our Philadelphia convention. Secretaries of sub- ordinate associations should advise this office when their members transfer to other subordinate associations, so that the member- ship rosters in this office may be properly revised. All subordi- nate associations and members at large are requested to send to this office the names and addresses of all known non-members in their respective states, reporting result of any correspondence they have had with said non-members. Those associations that have adopted a constitution and by-laws are requested to forward copy of same to this office. In organizing new subordinate asso- ciations it would be well to have constitutions of same provide for affiliating with the N. A. of B. of A. I. V. MEMBERS AT LARGE. The names and addresses of the members at large of our Association are as follows: EASTERN ZONE. Zone Vice President: Dr. Leland D. Ives, 104 W. 42nd St., New York. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Carnachan; Too Wiese ae cels's inate eae eee GIONS bb) conllekiee’ Clokgepanea Mew Keene, N. H. Spisttier, Ji) Bois i356 sss ea cs See ae eae Oe ee ee eee Newport, Vt. OTHER ASSOCIATIONS 403 MAINE : PERM CE, Patt Ne opie es ected eo CA es oe ed Fees «able ce deen Portland, Me. SN te sk FS ARS CRES £1 EEC WER CENTERS Ca eh clcblauee bine Auburn, Me. MASSACHUSETTS BOP CISESITRS Th, | ASS ga 'aiare ou )as dolore alia: e eiN UN ate a AMCs w Jelw Wrevenstoiererels Boston, Mass. CE Rs a lathe ald Vis ao 6 ORES kA ECE Eas > 6 p0e es Springfield, Mass. OHIO : PUA gs as Wk e's Ce aie's a 0'0's eke Sud abe ERE he sn cee Ee ais Dayton, Ohio Po a le a 5 SARL r Sy pe ga SSRI Pee WPL Pip 8 Ea ane oe pare Dk Dayton, Ohio Fee tt ory) MOstOR IF oo vice é viceee ecw ween I ALON LER Dayton, Ohio PROM TG rT ale. sad se sete | avail eeiisice intake Sued AREA aL Ras 0 COR OSE LN Dayton, Ohio CENTRAL ZONE. Zone Vice President: Dr. M. Guillaume, in care of Dr. W. N. Neil, Drovers National Bank Building, 42nd and Halsted Sts., Chicago, Ill. ILLINOIS. POA, SS OG Gs kis Gis so eked sa oe keke oe Cee ae OSs Springfield, Il. PU ale a iach ae e SECU OR SEN 6 Sa sO RaOa e's Ce baci URE ea IOWA SRNR EN oo ae sh SS HG Ss we aie 'e a Oa ww oleae Se al Davenport, Iowa MINNESOTA. PAAES BG AS ie be ee ee ee a ee Peet reir e C xia Miho a ee owls Oa Winona, Minn. SOUTHERN ZONE. Zone Vice President: Dr. J. S. Grove, 215 Exchange Building, Stock Yards Station, Oklahoma, Okla. KENTUCKY. as A eis ra bar uote acd arte GI wiht ad cblaie 6 Ge a's o eae Lexington, Ky. NORTH CAROLINA ee cd Ca eo VO OV cae Bee CSC cs cee a ae kdin'e bo bis ce ea ka es aa cine aamak Los Angeles, Cal. Fuchs, Geo. Aa cls ev euwas < oc CR ERE AUG hs bo Mew eae ae etewe Coloma, Cal. Fields, Ss. Wo es ga ale binciho.6 wie bikin Sisiece Nine bk cea © Cal. OTHER ASSOCIATIONS 405 Pe Pie hese iu a, wine ok sled mid Wig awe dein So 0G W026 mi wis wo CNT Sacramento, Cal. PU AR Ths 00 a Wine h ws mide Wk ee ee RRL ay po 0 )b'g sine Mielke San Diego, Cal. PAPUA SE OD OL soa ee a Vd So's cee tke He atetd San Diego, Cal. CEG. or Ps CPN sale! oP keu geiko Ghee ain aby aialkes Seat Aone cs «oe a/e0ie San Francisco, Cal. PCT ee os oy gs ook asa Sa oie weal a alah bos lee eae on oe pire San Francisco, Cal. WASHINGTON. MPL OOL Ae WN co RCN UE OR EE we ERIS SUT AE eee esha ee eu Spokane, Wash. CRU sce WME as Cotate ng d gue bahar deta Aaa acne BERR ee Sear SU MISES igo. 3 3.36 Walla Walla, Wash. PIOHHEDETL OL W «| Eoin g ea re eee ee ees one ew \Siae Walla Walla, Wash. SUMMARY. Number Zone Members at Large IB STORH ee rg swe he re etre Sitomtaretee). distg 10 = DSS Ue aro BWA Ue eon tiles PRS ca Ro pu «heey coSeP aN rn gr crea LS Sa a 4 SOULTOTUD cele caer cabs Wiccara Peat soba Ge ee Ie IE ois ase 43 WV GEC Pay 6 Tee eee as a kas 35 - Total number members at large.............. 92 Extracts from our national constitution as amended and adopted at the Philadelphia convention, August 19-21, 1918: “Art. 2, Sec. 1. This organization shall consist of state, divisional and district associations and members at large.’ “Art. 3, Sec. 1. The membership shall consist of active and honor- ary members.” “Art. 3, Sec. 2. Any veterinarian in the employ of the Bureau of Animal Industry may become a member of this association.” “Art. 10, Sec. 2. The per capita tax to cover the expenses of this association shall be $3.00 per annum, and shall be collected from all active members by the state, divisional and district associations, and by them remitted to the National Secretary. Members at large shall remit per capita tax direct to the National Secretary. This tax may be paid semi-annually.” All members at large are urged to correspond with B. A. I. veterinarians in their vicinity, urging them to enroll as members of this Association. It would be to the best interests of all con- cerned to form sub-ordinate associations where conditions are favorable, as we can do some very effective work through such organizations in cooperating with the various live stock sanitary boards and state veterinary medical societies. Where conditions do not favor the formation of subordinate associations, all B. A. I. veterinarians are urged to enroll as members at large. SPECIMEN CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS. The following constitution and by-laws, adopted by the Wis- consin Division, National Association of Bureau of Animal In- dustry Veterinarians, is published for the possible assistance it may render other local organizations: 406 — OTHER ASSOCIATIONS PREAMBLE. The objects of this division shall be: 1. The advancement of the professional and material inter- ests of the veterinarians of the U. S. Bureau of Animal Industry. 2. To affiliate with the National Association of Bureau of Animal Industry Veterinarians. To codperate with the Ameri- ean Veterinary Medical Association, the Wisconsin Veterinary Medical Association, United States Live Stock Sanitary Asso- ciation and the Wisconsin Live Stock Sanitary Board in securing legislation for the mutual advancement of the veterinary pro- fession and promotion of the live stock industry. 3. To codperate with the officials of the U. S. Department of Agriculture in promoting the efficiency of the Bureau service and to uphold the civil service rules and regulations. : 4. To encourage all Bureau veterinarians to become members of the American Veterinary Medical Association. CONSTITUTION. ARTICLE I, Title. Section 1. This body shall be known as the Wisconsin Divi- sion of the National Association of Bureau of Animal Industry Veterinarians. ARTICLE II. Membership. Section 1. The active members shall be the veterinary in- spectors of the Bureau of Animal Industry. Section 2. Honorary members shall be at the discretion of this Division. | ArticLe III. Officers, Committees and Elections. OFFICERS. Section 1. The elective officers of this Division shall consist of a president, first and second vice presidents, and a secretary- treasurer, all of whom shall be elected by ballot of uniform size and color. A majority of all votes legally cast shall constitute a choice. They shall hold their offices for the term of one (1) year, or until their successors are elected and qualified. ELECTIONS. Section 2. All delegates to the national convention shall be — nominated three months prior to the meeting of the American Veterinary Medical Association each year. OTHER ASSOCIATIONS J 407 Section 3. All delegates to the national convention shall be elected two months prior to the meeting of the American Veter- inary Medical Association each year. Section 4. All active members of this Division in good stand- ing and assigned to stations other than Milwaukee and Cudahy, Wisconsin, shall be duly notified by the secretary-treasurer of all nominations, said notice to be accompanied with sufficient blank ballots of uniform size and color for a first and second choice vote. The secretary-treasurer shall request said members to return all ballots in sealed envelopes and said envelopes shall be delivered to the tellers at time of election. COMMITTEES. Section 5. The regular committees of this Division to be ap- pointed by the president shall be: an auditing committee con- sisting of three (3) members and a committee on legislation, con- sisting of three (3) members. ARTICLE IV. Duties of Officers. THE PRESIDENT. Section 1. The president shall preside at all meetings of this Division, and be a member of all committees. He shall appoint all committees not herein provided for. He shall sign all war- rants drawn on the treasurer, and perform such other duties as the rules and usages of this Division may require of him. He shall have no vote except on questions where the votes are equally divided and in the election of officers. FIRST VICE PRESIDENT. Section 2. The first vice president shall perform the duties of the president in his absence, or in the event of his refusal or neglect to perform the duties of his office. SECOND VICE PRESIDENT. Section 3. The second vice president shall perform the duties of the president when for any reason those duties are not per-: formed by the president or first vice president. SECRETARY-TREASURER. Section 4. The secretary-treasurer shall conduct all corre- spondence of this Division and keep a correct record of the min- utes of the proceedings of this Division. On or about March 1 and September 1 of each year he shall furnish to the National Secretary a report showing the names and addresses of all 408 OTHER ASSOCIATIONS B. A. I. veterinarians in the State of Wisconsin, and the names and addresses of all members of this Division, said report to be arranged in alphabetical order by names and stations. On or about March 1 and September 1 of each year he shall remit per capita tax to the National Secretary at the rate of three dollars ($3.00) per annum, or one dollar and fifty cents ($1.50) per term of six (6) months, for each active member on the roster of this Division. He shall receive all dues and obligations and issue receipts therefor and report the financial condition of .the Division and the names of all members in arrears for dues or other indebtedness to this Division at each meeting. He shall - submit at each meeting an itemized statement of all moneys re- ceived and disbursed. ARTICLE V. Fiscal Year. Section 1. The fiscal year of this Division shall begin Sep- tember 1 and end’ August 31. Revenues. Section 2. The annual dues of each active member of this Division shall be four dollars ($4.00), payable semi-annually on September 1 and March 1. ARTICLE VI. Amendments. Section 1. Any resolution for amending of any article of this constitution shall be offered in writing, duly signed by an active member of this Division in good standing. Such resolution must be adopted by a majority of all votes legally cast. BY-LAWS. ARTICLE [, Meetings. Section 1. All meetings of this Division not herein provided for shall be called by the president upon request of four active members of this Division in good standing, and three (3) days’ notice of all meetings shall be given. ARTICLE II. Quorum. Section 1. Seven (7) members shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of this Division. OTHER ASSOCIATIONS 409 Articue III. Rules of Order. Section 1. In the deliberations of this body ‘‘Robert’s Rules of Order’’ shall be the parliamentary standard and guide in de- termining questions of order when they are not in conflict with these by-laws. ARTICLE IV. ; Order of Business. Section 1. Roll eall of officers. Reading of minutes of previous meeting. Reading of bills. Report of secretary. Report of treasurer. Report of standing and special committees. Application for membership and election of new members. Reading of correspondence. Unfinished business. 10. New business. 11. Nomination of officers and delegates. 12. Election of officers and delegates. 13. Good and welfare of the Division. 14. Adjournment. earns? ot ee De ie ARTICLE V. Amendments. Section 1. These by-laws may be amended in the same man- ner as provided for amending the constitution. S. J. WALKLEY, Secretary, N. A. of B. of A. TI. V. U. S. LIVE STOCK SANITARY ASSOCIATION. The twenty-second annual meeting of the United States Live Stock Sanitary Association was held in Chicago December 2, 3 and 4 at the Hotel La Salle. The attendance was unusually large this year, not only of members but also of visitors. Every one seemed to enjoy the program and to take an active part in the discussions of the several topics, which included Tuberculosis, Influenza, Blackleg, Hemorrhagic Septicemia, Parasitic Diseases, Necrobacillosis, Hog Cholera, and Contagious Abortion. The following officers were elected for the ensuing year: 410 NECROLOGICAL President—G. W. Dunphy, State Veterinarian, Lansing, Michigan. Vice Presidents—J. H. McNeil, Trenton, N. J.; C. P. Fitch, St. Paul, Minn.; O. H. Eliason, Madison, Wis.; J. S: Anderson, Lincoln, Neb. Secretary-Treasurer—S. H. Ward, St. Paul, Minn. Mrs. J. A. Fuaws, Clerical Secretary. NECROLOGICAL. DR. ROY A. LUZADER. Dr. Roy A. Luzader, of Morrisonville, Ill., died on October 31 at Bridgeport, Conn., from pneumonia while on an automobile trip. Dr. Luzader was a graduate of the Chicago Veterinary College in 1910, and joined the A. V. M. A. in 1911. He took an active part in Association affairs, and was prominent among the younger practitioners in Illinois. DR. HUGH R. MILLARD. Dr. Hugh R. Millard, Cheyenne, Wyo., passed away recently. Dr. Millard had just been appointed resident secretary for that state. He was secretary of the State Board of Seed Commission- ers and Deputy State Veterinarian of Wyoming. He died No- vember 25 of pneumonia, and a child of his died a few days later from the same disease. Dr. Millard was a graduate of the New York State Veterinary College, Ithaca, N. Y., 1911, and joined the A. VY. M. A. in 1912. DR. F. H. ANDERSON. Dr. F. H. Anderson, a prominent practitioner of Evanston, I}]., died at his old home in Forest, Canada, on December 7, 1918, heart trouble being the cause of death. Dr. Anderson had retired from practice several years ago. He was not only a very able veterinarian, but took an active part in local and state affairs. NECROLOGICAL 411 DR. OSCAR J. JOHNSON. Dr. Oscar J. Johnson, Miles City, Mont., died recently as the result of influenza. He was a graduate of the Ohio State Univer- sity in 1911, and joined the A. V. M. A. in 1913. DR. D. R. BENJAMIN. Dr. D. R. Benjamin, Le Roy, Ill., succumbed to influenza on November 8, and his wife died two days later from the same in- fection. Dr. Benjamin was a member of the Illinois Veterinary Association, but had not become affiliated with the A. V. M. A. DR. C. E. BLAKELY. Dr. C E. Blakely, Corydon, Iowa, died November 13 as the result of influenza. Dr. Blakely was not, however, a member of the A. V. M. A. DR. A. L. SEDERHOLM. Dr. A. L. Sederholm, 1129 5th Avenue, Moline, Ill., died the early part of December. He was born in 1885, and graduated from the Chicago Veterinary College in 1906. The Doctor is survived by his parents and one brother. Burial took place in Riverside. DR. T. W. TAYLOR. Dr. T. W. Taylor, Macomb, IIl., died on October 30, after a short illness, from pneumonia. ! Dr. Taylor was a graduate of the McKillip Veterinary College in 1917, and joined the American Veterinary Medical Association - the same year. DR. S. P. KENDALL. Dr. S. P. Kendall, Wood River, Ill., died on October 3. He was a graduate of the McKillip Veterinary College and 1917, and became a member of the A. V. M. A. in 1917. 412 NECROLOGICAL DR. S. H. WARD. Dr. 8S. H. Ward, State Veterinarian of Minnesota, died at his home in St. Paul, December 13, of influenza complications. Dr. Ward was attacked with influenza while attending the U. S. Live Stock Sanitary Association meeting in Chicago, and was confined to his room for several days, but appeared to have recovered, and returned home on December 6. Dr. Ward was a graduate of the Ontario Veterinary College in 1894, and joined the A. V. M. A. in 1898, and has taken an active part in the work of the Association ever since. He was Chairman of the Committee on Intelligence and Education in 1916-1917, and had served on other important committees. He had been President of the United States Live Stock Sanitary Association, and was Secretary-Treasurer at the time of his death. I have known Dr. Ward for many years and was closely associated with him for two years on the Committee on Intelli- gence and Education. He was a modest man of sterling chutaeter and of rare good judgment and constructive ability. The better one knew him, the more his real worth was manifest. A genial companion, a true gentleman, and a loyal, unselfish friend. 8S. H. Ward, I salute you! Vale! | N.S. M. WILLIAM DEMPSTER HOARD. In the ripeness of 82 years—most of them spent in elevating farm dairying from drudgery to a plane of dignity—William Dempster Hoard died November 22 at his home in Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin. With meager opportunities and facing discourage-. ment almost crushing at times, Governor Hoard carved for him-. self a career of service to his own and future generations. Outstanding events of his life show how an early interest in _ dairying bore results which he lived to enjoy but which were so numerous that multitudes shared in the benefits. Born October 10, 1836, at Stockbridge, N. Y., Governor Hoard received a country district school education and at the age of 16 went to work as a hired man on a large dairy farm nearby, where he learned butter and cheese making. In 1857 he moved to Wisconsin and supported himself by teaching school and cutting wood for 25 cents a cord. He married. NECROLOGICAL ~ 413 in 1860 and enlisted in the Army the following year. After the Civil War, he engaged in the nursery business at Columbus, Wis., because, as Governor Hoard said, ‘‘there was no work for me to do in Wisconsin as a butter or cheese maker.’’ During the 70’s and 80’s he urged Wisconsin farmers to engage in dairying and was among the pioneers to organize the Wisconsin State Dairyman’s Association, the first of its kind in America. In 1885 he started Hoard’s Dairyman as a four-page.sheet. In 1888 he was elected Governor of Wisconsin and his administra- tion was marked by much constructive legislation, including the creation of the dairy and food commission and similar measures for the advancement of the dairy industry. Big-hearted and kind himself, he saw clearly the need for dairy laws and rigid inspection to protect the future industry against practices that would rob it of dignity and interfere with its best development. Time has indorsed his early judgment in these and countless other matters. With the passing of Governor Hoard—the dean of dairying in America—a beloved leader dis- appears from among us, while another name is inscribed on the scroll of national honor. If all of the people in Fort Atkinson, Wis., had belonged to one great family, and the late Governor had been the head of that family, no more reverence, respect, and devotion could have been shown to his memory than was indicated on the day of the burial. The entire business of the city was suspended for the day and the people all took part in the funeral ceremonies. One of the most impressive parts of the services was a double pro- cession of school children several blocks long through which the funeral procession passed. Governor Hoard was a great favorite of the children and this manner of showing their feeling for his memory was most impressive. Both the Bureau of Animal Industry and the veterinary pro- fession were represented at the funeral in the persons of Assistant Chief Rawl and Dr. A. E. Behnke of Milwaukee, who acted as honorary pallbearers. All members who attended the Chicago convention of our Association in 1909 recall with pleasure the able address of Governor Hoard on the dairy industry, after which the Governor was unanimously elected to honorary mem- bership in the American Veterinary Medical Association. J. R. M. SR, a MISCELLANEOUS. DR. J. G. RUTHERFORD CHOSEN MEMBER OF CANADIAN RAILROAD BOARD. ‘Intense interest is manifested in Western Canada over the appointment of Dr. J. G. Rutherford of Calgary to be member of the Dominion Railway Commission in place of D’Arcy Scott, whose ten-year term has expired. Dr. Rutherford is the first western man to win a position on the board, and the fact that he has been very closely identified with the agricultural interests of the western prairies, first as Dominion Live Stock Commis- sioner and later as head of the irrigation work and the live stock branch of the Canadian Pacific Railway, is pointed to as signifi- eant of the growing importance of the live stock industry and the new attitude toward the problems of the west. Heretofore the members of the Railway Board have been lawyers and railroad men. ‘No better choice could be made,’’ says the Calgary Albertan, editorially, adding, ‘‘He knows Western Canada as few men know it. He is well acquainted with agricultural problems, and he is not unfamiliar with railway matters. He is a sage in his way, a man with a wonderful amount of valuable information, a keen reader of human nature, with a rare sense of justice. He will be an ideal member of that very important board, the Do- minion Railway Board.’’ Dr. Rurtherford is the dean of live stock men in Canada, and is widely known in the United States as well as in Canada, for he has held many important posts and done professional work of a high order. Born on December 5, 1857, the son of the Rev. Robert Ruther- ford, M. A., he received his first education in the Glasgow, Scot- land, high schools, and finished his studies at the Ontario Agri- cultural College and the Ontario Veterinary College. He later practiced veterinary medicine in Canada, the United States and in much-troubled Mexico. In 1884 he went to Portage la Prairie, hers besides prac- ticing his profession he undertook horse breeding. From 1887 to 1892 he was government veterinary inspector for Manitoba, MISCELLANEOUS 415 and a member of the provincial parliament. He went to parlia- ment in 1887. Dr. Rutherford held the post of Dominion veterinary director general from 1902 to 1912, and was Dominion Live Stock Com- missioner from 1906 to 1912. He was also the Canadian repre- sentative to the International Institute of Agriculture, held in Rome, Italy, and delegate to the International Congress on Tuberculosis, held in Washington, D. C. In 1908 he was elected president of the American Veterinary Medical Association. He was chairman of the International Commission of Con- trol of Bovine Tuberculosis; president of the Dominion Horse Breeders’ Association, president of Western Canada Live Stock Union, and served as veterinary officer to the Northwest Field Force, and in the Riel Rebellion. , G. LEININGER, Clay, Robinson & Co. DRAFT OF B. A. I. V. CLASSIFICATION BILL. At the first national convention of the National Association of Bureau of Animal Industry Veterinarians, held in conjunc- tion with the fifty-fifth annual session of the American Veter- inary Medical Association, Philadelphia, Penn., August 19-22, 1918, a classification bill was adopted which is to be presented to Congress and which contains the following salient features: Class A—Entrance salary of $2,040 per annum, with an annual increase of $120 until their salaries shall be $2,520 per annum; for veterinary inspectors assigned to any form of rou- tine work conducted by the Bureau of Animal Industry. Class B—Salary $2,640 per annum, with annual increase of $120 for each year they serve, not to exceed $3,240 per annum; for veterinary inspectors assigned to a supervisory work under the direction of an inspector in charge in any branch of the service conducted by the Bureau, inspectors in charge at small stations, assistant inspectors in charge at large stations, and veterinary inspectors assigned to investigational work by the Chief of the Bureau. Class C—Salary $3,400 per annum, with an annual increase of $120 until their salaries shall be not less than $4,000 per annum; for veterinary inspectors assigned to stations of greater importance than Class B, and those doing special investigational work for the Bureau. 416 MISCELLANEOUS JAPANESE-ENGLISH ROAD RULES. Some Japanese-English rules of the road have been issued as a guidance to the conduct of motor drivers in the Flowery Kingdom. They read like this: ‘*At the rise of the hand of policeman stop rapidly. Do not pass him by or otherwise disrepect him. ‘“ When a passenger of the foot hove in sight, tootle the horn trumpet to him melodiously at first. If he still obstacles your passage tootle him with vigor and express by word of the mouth the warning ‘Hi. Hi.’ ‘“Beware of the wandering horse that he shall not take fright as you pass him. Do not explode the exhaust at him. Go sooth- ingly by. ‘*Give big space to the festive dog that make sport in the roadway. Avoid entanglement of dog with your wheel spokes. “*Go soothingly on the grease mud, as there lurk the skid demon. Press the brake of the foot as you roll round the corners and save the collapse and tip up.’’—Exchange. HORSES HELPED TO WIN THE WAR. A correspondent of the Sunday Journal thinks the horse is in danger of disappearing. But the faithful beast has survived all the vicissitudes of tractor competition up to date and we can still be hopeful for his future. The correspondent says: It may not be during this generation, but it does seem to me that it will be in the not far distant future that the faithful horse will become extinct. Of course, this stage will be reached only gradually, as the animal is still and will be for years to come popular as an important adjunct to the sporting game. The horse, as a matter of fact, is a good deal more than ‘‘an important adjunct to the sporting game.’’ He is doing his full share in the work of the world. For one thing, he helped to win the war. A great host of horses and mules were shipped to the battle front. They were invaluable for the transportation of supplies and the smaller guns. They can go where it is im- practicable for motor cars to penetrate. They are still in active use; moreover, in the cavalry branch of the service, the prophets who thought that the horse-borne soldier was obsolete have been confounded by the recent events. MISCELLANEOUS 417 ‘‘Tf”? says the Sunday Journal correspondent, ‘‘the horse is displaced with the same rapidity in the next ten years that it has been in the past ten ‘sa I believe that I shall not be far out of the way in my theory.”’ Let us see. From the latest issue of the Roveminiont Statistical Abstract the following figures are taken of the number of horses in the United States: oe ee 4,336,719 ee eo ae. 6,249,174 a 8,249 000 ee 11,202,000 We 14,214,000 ee ea 13,538,000 We ee 21,040,000 ee eS 21,195,000 TR Oe 21,159,000 Eb gs Sy yl Raia a 21,210,000 These figures speak very eloquently for themselves. There are more horses in the United States today than ever before— or there was in 1917. In spite of our shipments to Europe, it is safe to say we have something like 21,000,000 left. It is plain enough that the horse is in no immediate danger of becoming extinct. If he is a less familiar sight on our city streets, nevertheless there are abundant tasks for him elsewhere. We have an interesting light on the whertabouts in further figures from the Statistical Abstract. In 1900 there were 18,- 267,020 horses on farms, and in 1910 the number had risen to 19,833,113. In spite of the introduction of the farm tractor, the horse continues to bé an invaluable industrial factor in America. We see him less often than formerly attached to a buggy, surrey or earryall. He has been ousted from the fashionable private stable by the invading motor car. The old-time procession of hacks at funerals is giving way, it appears, to the ‘‘automobile cortege.’’ But the horse has a secure place in our national scheme of things. He is ‘‘sure of his job’’ for an indefinite time to come.—Provi- dence Journal. 418 ° MISCELLANEOUS FARMERS AHEAD RAISING HORSES. Prosperity for the American farmer will come riding in on the broad back of the Belgian draft horse. That is the opinion of J. D. Conner, Wabash, Ind., secretary of the American Asso- ciation of Importers of Belgian Horses. ‘There is a demand for 1,000,000 tractors in the United States,’’ he said in an interview. ‘‘Add to that the new foreign demand and see how long it will be before this country is fully equipped. It won’t be during your lifetime. Then remember the horse must be used along with the tractor. ‘‘The war with its record oj killing 5,000 horses a day has made it certain there will be a horse famine. There was short- age in 1914. Since then a million and a half horses have been exported. ‘‘Belgium has representatives in this country to buy Belgian horses. Other European countries will make America the world’s market for draft horses. The high price of feed will be no detri- ment to the business. The American farmer will find it profitable as well as patriotic to reach the maximum of production in good horses as well as other farm products.’’—Exchange. Dr. J. R. Love has advised the Baton Rouge, La., office, super- vising the work of tick eradication, that he expects to be mustered out of the army at an early date and would report for duty dur- ing the current month. Dr. E. I. Smith, Inspector in Charge of the work of tick eradication in the State of Louisiana, attended the meeting of the United States Live Stock Sanitary Association, Chicago, IL., and visited friends in New York State on his return. Mrs. R. T. Churchill, widow of Lieutenant Churchill of the N. A. V. Corps, who died at. West Point, was a victim of influenza followed by pneumonia and passed away early in November. in New York City. Dr. M. V. Springstun has been transferred from the Baton Rouge, La., tick eradication mre to the same work on the Fort Worth, eee force. The New York State Veeaary College at New York Uni- versity received a second gift in November of $5,000 from one of New York’s good women who has become interested in veterinary medicine. JOURNAL OF THE American Veterinary Medical Association FORMERLY AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW (Original Official Organ U. S. Vet. Med. Ass’n) W. H. DALRYMPLE, Editor. F BATON ROUGE, LA. V. A. Moors, President, Ithaca, N. Y. iN. S.’Maro, Secretary, Chicago. M. JAcos, Treasurer, Knoxville, Tenn. Executive Board Gro. HILTON, Ist District; T. E. Muncsz, 2nd District; S. E. BENNETT, 3rd District; J. R. MoHLsEr, 4th District; C. H. STaNGs, 5th District; R. A. ARCHIBALD, 6th District; A. T. KINSLEY, Member at Large. Sub-Committee on Journal J. R. MOHLER Gro. HILTon R. A. ARCHIBALD -The American Veterinary Medical Association is not responsible for views or statements published in the JouRNAL, outside of its own authorized actions. Reprints should be ordered in advance. A circular of prices will be sent upon application. Vol LIV., N.'S.; Vol. 7. January 15, 1919. No. 5. THE EXTRA EDITION. The Extra Edition this year, like previous similar ones, is a business rather than a scientific number of the Journal. Its purpose is mainly to have compiled, in a single edition, the business proceedings of the previous annual meeting of the Association, thereby permitting of the regular monthly Journals being devoted to phases of a more scientific character. In addi- tion, it is intended to act as a reference number, containing, as it does, a copy of the Constitution and By-Laws, the officers of the Association for the ensuing year, the personnel of the vari- ous committees, ete., and, finally, a directory, alphabetically ar- ranged, of the membership of the Association to December 18, 1918. Demobilization at the various camps throughout the country has brought about a condition in the Journal office which may take some little time to overcome, particularly in connection with the mailing list, which was more or less complete up to the time the regular January number was sent out. Now, however, we are receiving cards from the various camp postoffices stating that the last copies were undeliverable, as the addressees had gone from camp and had changed their addresses. While this is quite unavoidable; it means a considerable revision and correction of the mailing list before a future issue can be placed, in the mail, which is likely to cause delay in delivery, not only of the Extra Edition, but of the regular February number of the Journal, although the office will employ every available effort to reduce the inconvenience to the mini- mum. We feel that our members and subscribers are due this explanation, so that they may understand the reason why their copies are late, if they should be, and that it was due to circum- stances over which we had little or no control. 420 PROCEEDINGS OF THE A. V. M. A. FIFTY-FIFTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, HELD AT THE BELLEVUE-STRATFORD HOTEL, PHILADELPHIA, PENN. BUSINESS SESSION OF MONDAY MORNING, AUGUST 19, 1918. The meeting was called to order by President Torrance, : or oe Canada, at 10:30 a. m., as follows: President Torrance: Ladies and Gentlemen: If you will "aaa to order we will open this great convention by calling upon the Reverend Doctor Trout to pronounce. the invocation. .(Rev.. Dr. Trout, of the Erie Avenue Methodist Church, Philadélphia, invoked Divine blessing). President Torrance: You will note this morning, ladies and gentle- men, that an innovation has been made in our programme, a very pléas- ant one, in that the international anthems will be sung, of our respective countries, the lady at the piano leading in. the singing. -I-think. we would better sing these verses standing. _ (The Convention assembled rise and sing one verse each of the fol- lowing national anthems: The Star-Spangled Banner, The Maple Leaf Forever, La Marseillaise). : President Torrance: I have now very great pleasure in introducing to you the Honorable E. J. Cattell, who represents the Mayor of Phila- delphia. From what I hear of him we are about to have a great treat— and he needs no further introduction. (See October Journal.) President Torrance: You will agree with me that what I said about the treat we were to have was not guff; it was the truth. We all en- joyed that speech tremendously, and we have now to call upon one of our honored members, honored in this respect, of having to answer and respond to the speech we have heard. I call upon Doctor Veranus A. Moore to respond to the speech we have heard. (See November Journal.) President Torrance: The next order of business is the President’s address. I little thought when I was assisting in the preparation of the new By-Laws of the Association, consenting to the elimination of the word “short” with reference to the President’s address, that I was likely to have to fill the role of having to give that address in the future. ‘The word “short” has been taken out of the by-law in which the Presi- dent’s duties are enumerated. He is no longer required to give a'short address, but he is required to give “an address,” I don’t wish to alarm you in regard to the probable length of my address, but assure you that I tried to make it as short.as possible. (See September Journal.) President Torrance: The Secretary . has some s ioulbemegie: to make. Acting Secretary Day: The ladies will assemble at Room 107 and Room 108, on this floor, at 12:30. I believe that is the Ladies’ Auxiliary. The Bureau of Animal Industry Veterinarians will have a meeting at z:00 p. m. today in the Pink Room. oe f 4 3 : r : | PROCEEDINGS OF THE A. V. M. A. 421 President Torrance: The next order of business, gentlemen, is the presentation and adoption of the Minutes of the previous meeting. Dr. W. Horace Hoskins: I move their adoption as printed in the Journal of the Association. (The motion was’ seconded, and, on vote, carried unanimously. President Torrance: The next order of business is the report of the Executive Board. Acting Secretary Day: The Executive Board recommends that the sum of $500 be placed in the hands of the Auxiliary Relief Fund for their use in meeting emergencies of members of the profession or their families, the Committee to make a complete report to the Association regarding the disbursements. Dr. Ww. Horace Hoskin: I move the adoption of the recommendation. (The motion was seconded, and, on vote, carried unanimously.) Acting Secretary Day: The Executive Board also recommends that in the absence of a member of the Executive Board from the annual meeting a temporary appointment for that meeting only may be made by the President. The temporary appointee shall be from the same district which the absent member represents. I might. say in connection with this recommendation that at the present time one of our members of the Executive Board is absent. That is. Dr. R. A. Archibald, from District No. 5. And this recom- mendation was made in order that this vacancy on the Executive Board may be filled at once. Dr. W. Horace Hoskins: I move its adoption. (The motion was seconded, and, on vote, carried unanimously. Acting Secretary Day: Last year there was a resolution accepted calling for the division of the Second District, the Second District being such a very large one. Therefore, the Executive Board recom- mends that the Second District be divided, creating a new district, to be composed of Illinois, Ohio, Wisconsin, Michigan and Indiana; and also that the numerical order of the districts be changed; that is, that the Second District be composed of the eastern portion of what is now known as the Second District, and the new district to be called the Third District, the Third District to be the Fourth District, the Fourth District to be the Fifth District, and the present Fifth District to be the Sixth District; and that the member of said new district be elected for five years. President Torrance: You have heard this recommendation of the Executive Board. What is your pleasure? Dr. W. Horace. Hoskins: I-move its adoption. (The motion was seconded, and, on vote, carried unanimously.) Acting Secretary Day: The Executive Board also recommends to the Association that the words “Or President and Editor” be inserted in line 2, after the word “Secretary,” in Section 5 of Article 5 of the Constitution. For your information I will read it as it now appears: “The Treasurer shall pay out moneys only on vouchers countersigned by the President and Secretary, excepting minor expenses of the Secretary, and such revolving fund 422 PROCEEDINGS OF THE A. V. M. A. allowance as may be placed at the disposal of ‘the Editor and Manager of the ‘Journal’ by the Budget Committee. " The paragraph will read, in accordance. with the recommendation of the Executive Board, as follows: “The Treasurer shall pay out moneys only .on youchers countersigned by the President and Secretary, or President and Editor, excepting minor expenses of the Secretary, and such revolving fund allowance as may be placed at the dis- posal of the Editor and Manager of the ‘Journal’ by the Budget Committee.”’ : 3 The idea of this was so that the “Journal’ could take care of its own funds. Dr. W. Horace Hoskins: I move its adoption. (The motion was seconded by Dr. Kinsley.) . Dr. N. S. Mayo: In regard to that resolution I would like the one that was proposed changed, read again. se Acting Secretary Day:. You wish me to read the proposed resolu- tion, or from the By-Laws? Dr. Mayo: The resolution. Dr. Torrance: I understand Dr. Mayo wants the resolution read as it will be when adopted. Dr. Mayo: No, I just want the ‘cupideion read. as adopted. by the Exective Board. Acting Secretary Day: As it now stands in the Constitution it reads as follows: “The Treasurer shall pay out moneys only on vouchers countersigned by the President and Secretary, excepting ‘minor expenses of the Secretary ,and such revolving fund allowance as may be placed at the disposal of the Editor and Manager of the ‘Journal’ by the Budget Committee.” Would you like me to read how it will be when changed? Dr. Mayo: Yes, thank you. Acting Secretary Day: “The Treasurer shall pay out moneys only on vouchers countersigned by the President and Secretary, or President and Editor, excepting minor expenses of the Secretary, and such revolving fund allowance as may be placed at the dis- posal of the Editor and Manager of the ‘Journal’ “py the Budget Committee.” } President Torrance: It has been moved and seconded that this recommendation of the Executive Board be adopted. All those in favor signify by saying aye; contrary, no. The motion is carried. Dr. Winchester: Can you change the Constitution right at this meeting, without considering it? President Torrance: Dr. Winchester has raised the point whether we can change the Consitution at this meeting. The Constitution, as I understand it, can only be changed after the giving of due notice. Has due notice been given of this change, Dr. Day? Acting Secretary Day: No. rN ee ery eT eT ee ra | ea es 2 ben ace on ey a Se eer a oe a ee PROCEEDINGS OF THE A. V. M. A. 423. President Torrance: Notice was given of the first change, as given by the Board, but not of the second, and if there is any objection to putting it through without notice, it. certainly is illegal, and not in accordance with the By-Laws. Dr. W. Horace Hoskins: This is for the interest of the Association, and to allow the Editor of the “Journal” to carry on his work; and in order to facilitate I move that we suspend the Rules. (The motion was seconded by Dr. Kinsley.) President Torrance: It requires a two-thirds vote to suspend the Rules, I understand. A Member: Three-fourths’ vote. President Torrance: All in favor of the suspension of the Rule, signify by saying aye—— Dr. Mayo: I would like to ask for information. I would ask the Secretary if this proposed change comes in. a section of the Constitu- tion and By-Laws that notice was given last year to change? I under- stood, as you read that first, that notice having been given last year of a change—and then you suggested two: changes. Acting Secretary Day: That notice pertains only to the division of District No. Two and the creation of a new district. Dr. Mayo: That was only in reference to that changing the Dis- tricts? | Acting Secretary Day: Yes. There was a notice given last year with reference to the division of the districts. The other change in the Constitution and By-Laws, adding the words “or President and Editor’—there was no notice given of that, because it only came up at this meeting, and there was no opportunity for a‘ notice. President Torrance: Are you ready for the question? All in favor of the suspension of the By-Laws for the purpose of passing this amendment to the Constitution will signify by saying aye; contrary, if any, no. The ayes have it, and the Rules are suspended. I will now put the main question. All in favor of this change in the Constitution signify by saying aye; contrary, no. The ayes have it, and the change is adopted. Dr. Mayo: I think that it should go on the Minutes that this change was made by unanimous consent. President Torrance: Will you move that the vote be made unani- mous? : Dr. Mayo: There was no opposition. The notation should be made that this was by unanimous consent. President Torrance: The Secretary will record the fact that this was by unanimous consent. Acting Secretary Day: There is also a recommendation that fol- lows the dividing of the Second District; it is to the effect that the word “Seven” be inserted in lieu of the word “Six’’ in line 1, Section 7, Article 5 of the Constitution and By-Laws. Dr. W. Horace Hoskins: I move it be adopted. (The motion was seconded, and, on vote, carried unanimously.) Acting Secretary Day: The Executive Board also recommend that the Budget Committee make an investment of from three to five thou- 424 PROCEEDINGS OF THE A. V. M. A. sand dollars in Canadian War Bonds and of from three to five thou- sand dollars in United States War Bonds. Dr. Kinsley: I move its adoption. (The motion was seconded by Dr. W. Horace Hoskins.) Dr. Mayo: I believe this matter was thoroughly canvassed by the Executive Board, and that they know the condition of the treasury. I believe it most desirable that it should be done. Dr. W. Horace Hoskins: The income this year is the largest in the history of the Association, from the 1017 applicants for member- ship. President Torrance: It has been moved and seconded that this recommendation be adopted. All those in favor signify by saying aye; contrary, no. The ayes have it, and the recommendation is adopted. Acting Secretary Day: The next recommendation of the Executive Board is that with regard to new applicants. You will find a list on ‘your seats of 800 of the applicants, the other 217 were received too late for the published list. Turn to the first page, under Arkansas. The Executive Board faverably recommends the election of all the applicants from Arkansas. Dr. W. Horace Hoskins: I move we approve that recommendation. (The motion was seconded by Dr. Kinsley, and, on vote, carried unanimously.) Acting Secretary Day: All of the applicants from California are favorably recommended by the Executive Board, with the exception of Walter P. Kelty, the fourth name. Dr. W. Horace Hoskins: I move the adoption of the recommenda- tion. (The motion was seconded.) Dr. W. Horace Hoskins: I think it ought to be understood that the reason we cannot recommend Dr. Kelty is because the San Fran- cisco College, of which he is a graduate, was not recognized by this Association in the year 1918. (The motion was put to a vote, and carried unanimously.) Acting Secretary Day: Under Colorado the Executive Board rec- ommend the election of Dr. W. L. Corson only; and J oseph P. Mitchell is unfavorably recommended for the same reason as Walter P. Kelty of California. (It was moved and seconded that the recommendation of the Exec- utive Board be adopted. On vote the motion was carried unanimously.) Acting Secretary Day: All of the members from Connecticut and eee are favorably recommended for election by the Executive Board. ° Dr. Mayo: As I understand the case of Dr. Mitchell, he was not recom- mended because he was a graduate of a college that was not recog- nized by this Association at the time of his graduation. Now, in the case of Dr. Ahern, of Connecticut, he seems to be a graduate of the same college in the same year. Am I correct in my conclusion? Acting Secretary Day: I read Dr. Ahern’s name, but it was an oversight on my part, Dr. Mayo. I now make the correction and read A al de ee EN ee ee = Leh a gee eS TRS a PROCEEDINGS OF THE A. V. M. A. 425 Dr. Ahern as being rejected, so that the ones to consider now are the ones from Delaware. (It was moved by Dr. W. Horace Hoskins that the recommendation of the Executive Board be adopted. The motion was seconded, and, on vote, carried unanimously.) Acting Secretary Day: Under the District of Columbia the Exec- utive Board favorably recommend the election of all with the exception of Clarvoe and McCallum. Dr. W. Horace Hoskins: I-move that the recommendation of the Executive Board be adopted. ; (The motion was seconded by Dr. Kinsley, and, on vote, carried unanimously.) Acting Secretary Day: Under Florida the Executive Board recom- mend the election of all the members. (It was moved by Dr. Hoskins and seconded by Dr. Kinsley that the recommendation of the Executive Board be adopted. the motion was carried unanimously.) Acting Secretary Day: Georgia—I wish to make an announcement. You will notice on the second page of the list from Georgia that there are a large number with the colleges and the vouchers not given. The reason was we did not have the applications at the time this list was printed; our only information was a typewritten list. They are all vouched for by Major W. J. Stokes and Lieutenant Otis A. Longley. They are from various colleges and states all over the country. The Executive Board recommends the election to membership of all from Georgia with the exception of G. E. Gilbert and F. H. George, on the . first page; Harry K. McIntosh, on the second page; Harley E. Ash, Frank O. Brontrom, Otis G. Button, Charles P. Cooke, Edward A. Dornbusch, L. W. Foley, Gustave B. Henno, on the third page; William D. James, Cecil P. Lamb, Carle B. Lenker, Raymond E. Libby, Louis H. Mathers, Archibald F. McGreevy, Lee L. Menke, V. C. Pauhlman, William L. Peterson, Chauncey O. Petry, Edgar M. Rogers, Louis P. Sharp, Guy M. Smith, Carl Viers and R. M. Ward. Dr. John R. Mohler: I would like to correct the statement of the Secretary. R. M. Ward was vouched for by Dr. Kinsley after the first submission of the report; and also, on the first page, R. M. Ashley approved of G. E. Gilbert and F. H. George. The reason for the de- ferment of these men is that they were not vouched for by members from their own states. On vote Dr. Kinsley: I should like to ask the Secretary concerning Hopper, Lodge, Mathers, Moylan, Schopmeyer and Secoy. Acting Secretary Day: I have nothing against Hopper on this list. Dr. Mohler: Hopper is all right. Acting Secretary Day: Which is your next one? Dr. Kinsley: Lodge. — Acting Secretary Day: I have him deferred. Dr. Connaway: I would like to make a general motion which I be- lieve will settle the whole list, and that is to elect all of the members in this list whom the Executive Board shall later find to meet the requirements of admission to our Association. It will be impossible 426 PROCEEDINGS OF THE A. V. M.-A. - & for us to get the information from this body at the present time, and I believe we can safely leave it to the Executive Board to get that information more at their leisure. Dr. W. Horace Hoskins: It will be impossible to do that. The idea of getting the names’in at this session of the Convention was so that the applicants accepted may vote during this meeting. .A Member: What is required? : Dr. Hoskins: One of the two vouchers required must be from the state in which the applicant is a resident. Dr. Connaway: Does it mean that all have been vouched for except the ones read? Dr. Hoskins: Yes, one voucher at least from their respective states. Dr. Quitman: I should like to have that list read over. Some of these men, I think, we can qualify at this meeting. .,President Torrance: That is the reason for the reading of the list. ‘Dr. Mayo: I would like to ask another question. The Secretary ean answer it at the same time. I notice there are two -G. E. Gilberts from Chickamauga Park. Is that a typographical mistake or are there actually two G. E. Gilberts? On the first page the name is given as Goerge E. Gilbert and on the second page G. E. Gilbert is given as not recommended. , Dr. Mohler: The second man graduated from Terre Haute, and the first man you mentioned is from Michigan. Acting Secretary Day: I was going to give that information; and I will look it up on the application if Dr. Mayo wishes me to do so. I will read this list over and ask any member of the Executive Board if they have favorably recommended any that were previously deferred. I want to have my list the same as their lists. The first I have now is on the second page: Harry K. McIntosh, Harley E. Ash, Frank O. Bronstrom, Charles P. Cooke. On the next page, Gustave B. Henno, Cecil P. Lamb, Charle B. Lenker, Raymond E. Libby, Harry G. Lodge, Lewis H. Mathers, Archibald F. McGreevy, Lee L. Menke, Edward J. Moylan, V. C. Pauhlman, William L. Peterson, Chauncey O. Petry, Edgar M. Rogers, Charles W. Secoy, Louis P. Sharp, Guy M. Smith, Carl Viers and Paul A. Weires. . Dr. Kinsley: Mr. President, I would like to ask the Secretary concerning Button. Acting Secretary Day: Otis G. Button is on my list. Dr. Kinsley: You did not read him the second time. I should also like to ask about Dornbusch. Acting Secretary Day: He is on my list. I did not read the name of Foley, did I? I must have missed all on that page. Dr. Kinsley: And Schopmeyer, on the last page. Acting Secretary Day: Schopmeyer is not deferred on my list.. Dr. Mohler: I think Dr. Schopmeyer was vouched for by Dr. North- rop. : Dr. Hoskins: I move that with the exception of these deferred names we approve the list. (The motion was seconded by Dr. Kinsley.) President Torrance: It has been moved and seconded that with \ ' PROCEEDINGS OF THE A. VY. M. A. 427 the exception of those names deferred, we approve the list. All those in favor signify by saying aye; contrary, no. The ayes have it, and the motion is carried. Acting Secretary Day: I would like very much to make this state- ment, gentlemen; that now that you have marked those who: have been deferred, if any of you know them or know any one who would vouch for them, we would be very glad to have you come forward, or see you after adjournment, so that we may get these applicants prop- erly vouched for. The next is Illinois—the Executive Board recommend that all members appearing on the list under Illinois be elected to member- ship with the exception of Joseph Henry Krichel. You will find his name the second line on the second page of Illinois. Dr. Quitman: What is the trouble there? Acting Secretary Day: The same as with the others—he is at Camp Grant, and we need some one from his state to vouch for him. Dr. Quitman: Do you know what state he is from? Acting Secretary Day: He is from Illinois. Dr. Quitman: I will sign his application. Dr. Kinsley: I move the adoption of the recommendation of the Executive Board in regard to Illinois. (The motion was seconded, and, on vote, carried unanimously.) President Torrance: It is understood that Dr. Quitman will sign for Dr. Krichel, who was deferred. Acting Secretary Day: In regard to Indiana, the Executive Board recommends for membership all the names from this state as printed in the list. (It was moved and seconded that the recommendation of the Ex- ecutive Board be adopted. Motion was carried unanimously.) Acting Secretary Day: The Executive Board recommend the elec- tion to membership of all the applicants from the State of Iowa. (Dr. Kinsley moves the adoption of the recommendation of the Executive Board with regard to Iowa. The motion is seconded by Dr. Hoskins, and, on vote, carried unanimously.) Acting Secretary Day: The Executive Board recommend the elec- tion to membership of all the applicants from the State of Kansas with the exception of Maurice V. Wilmot. It is next to the last name on the second page under Kansas. Dr. Kinsley: I move the adoption of the recommendation of the Executive Board with regard to Kansas. (The motion was seconded, and, on vote, carried unanimously.) Acting Secretary Day: The Executive Board recommend the elec- tion to membership of all of the applicants from the State of Con- necticut. Dr. Hoskins: I move the adoption of the recommendation of the Executive Board with regard to the State of Connecticut. (The motion was seconded by Dr. Kinsley, and, on vote, carried unanimously.) Acting Secretary Day: The Executive Board recommend the elec- tion to membership of all the applicants from the State of Louisiana. 428 PROCEEDINGS OF THE A. V. M. A. (It was moved by Dr. Hoskins and seconded by Dr. Kinsley that the recommendation of the Executive Board with regard to the States of Louisiana be adopted. On vote the motion was carried unani- mously.) Acting Secretary Day: The Executive Board recommend the elec- tion to membership of all the members from the States of Maine and Maryland as printed in the list. (It was moved by Dr. Hoskins and seconded by Dr. Kinsley that the recommendation of the Executive Board with regard to the States of Maine and Maryland be adopted. On vote the motion was carried unanimously.) Acting Secretary Day: And also of Massachusetts. Dr. Hoskins: How about Creedon? Acting Secretary Day: Creedon has been vouched for by U. M. Simpson and E. A. Paulson, both of Massachusetts. Dr. Hoskins: I move the recommendation of the Executive Board with regard to Massachusetts be adopted. (The motion was seconded by Dr. Kinsley, and, on vote, carried unanimously.) Acting Secretary Day: Also the State of Michigan. Dr. Hoskins: I move that we approve the recommendation of the Executive Board with regard to the State of Michigan. (The motion was seconded by Dr. Kinsley, and, on vote, carried unanimously.) Acting Secretary Day: The Executive Board also approve all of the applicants from the State of Missouri. Dr. Hoskins: I move the adoption of the recommendation of the Executive Board with regard to the State of Missouri. (The motion was seconded by Dr. Kinsley, and, on vote, carried unanimously. Dr. Kinsley: Minnesota has one in there. Acting Secretary Day: I thank you for calling my attention -to it. The Executive Board recommend for membership the applicant, George P. Lynch, from Minnesota. (It was moved and seconded that the recommendation of the Exec- utive Board with regard to the applicant from Minnesota be adopted. On vote, the motion was carried unanimously. Acting Secretary Day: The Executive Board recommend for mem- bership the list of applicants from Mississippi with the exception of Leander I. Lucey. Dr. Kinsley: Could not the same remark be applied, that Dr. Lucey has no voucher. Acting Secretary Day: We want somebody to vouch for Dr. Lucey. He has been deferred on that account. (It was moved and seconded that the recommendation of the Exec- cutive Board with regard to the State of Mississippi be adopted. On vote, the motion was carried unanimously.) Acting Secretary Day: The Board also recommend the election of those members from Montana. . Dr. Hoskins: I move that we adopt the recommendation of the Executive Board with regard to the State of Montana. PROCEEDINGS OF THE A. V. M. A. 429 (The motion was seconded, and, on vote, carried unanimously.) Acting Secretary Day: The Executive Board also recommend the election to membership of all the applicants from the State of Ne- braska, with the exception of Thomas W. Stewart. Dr. Hoskins: I move that we adopt the recommendation of the. Executive Board with regard to Nebraska. : . (The motion was seconded by Dr. epee d and, on vote, carried unanimously.) Acting Secretary Day: The Executive Board recommend the elec- tion to membership of all the applicants from the State of New Jersey, with the exception of Fischel Birenberg, the very first one. Dr. Herbert Lowe: I would deem it a pleasure to move the election of these gentlemen, but before doing so I would state that some of these gentlemen are not members of the Veterinary Association of New Jersey and are not active in it, and I would like to know par- ticularly as to who vouched for them, because I feel, Mr. President and gentlemen, that members coming into this national and inter- national organization ought to be well known at home in the work of their own state association; and before recommending their election I would ask the information as to their home activities. Dr. Hoskins: I wish to call the gentleman’s attention to the fact that four of these men are employees of the Bureau of Animal In- dustry and are being moved from state to state; and there is one Army man among them. Also, this movement to bring in the Bureau of Animal Industry Veterinarians is country-wide, and it is not a question as to whether they are members of their state associations where they reside, but that they are members of the Bureau of Animal Industry. Dr. Lowe: Is Frank E. Pinkerton a Bureau of Animal Industry man? Dr. Hoskins: Yes. Dr. Kinsley: The provision that the men should Haline to their state associations does not apply to Bureau or Army men. Dr. Hoskins: I move that we adopt the recommendation of the Executive Board with regard to the applicants from New Jersey to the Bureau of Animal Industry men. (The motion was seconded, and, on vote, carried unanimously.) Acting Secretary Day: The Executive Board recommend that all of the applicants from the State of New Mexico be made members. Dr. Kinsley: I move that the recommendation of the Executive Board with regard to New Mexico be adopted.. (The motion was seconded, and, on vote, carried unanimously.) Acting Secretary Day: They also recommend the election to mem- bership of the list from Nevada. Dr. Kinsley: I move the adoption of the recommendation alg the Executive Board with regard to Nevada. (The motion was seconded, and, on vote, carried unanimously.) Acting Secretary Day: The Executive Board also recommends that the applicants from the State of New York be elected members. Dr. Hoskins: I am requested to state that the name of Frederic W. Shoneweg be referred back to the Board. With that exception I 430 EROCTEDINGS OF THE A.. V. M.A. move that we adopt the recommendation of the. sige poare with regard to New York. : Dr. Kinsley: I second the motion. Dr. Mayo: I don’t know anything about this at all. I understand the motion was to refer this case back to the Executive Board—but I don’t want it to go through with that exception if it would shut him out. : Dr. Torrance: The resolution elects the others but not him, re- ferring him back. (On vote, the motion was. carried Gheciousiy 3 Acting Secretary Day: The Executive Board recommend that all of the applicants from North Carolina, with the exception of Percy Graham, be elected to membership. Dr. Hoskins: I move that we adopt the recommendation of the Executive Board with regard to North Carolina. Dr. Kinsley: I second the motion. (On vote, the motion was carried unanimously.) Acting Secretary Day: The Executive Board recommend that the list of applicants from North Dakota be elected members. 7 Dr. Hoskins: I move that we adopt the recommendation of the Executive Board with regard to North Dakota. Dr. Kinsley: I second the motion. (On vote, the motion was carried unanimously.) Acting Secretary Day: The Executive Board recommend that all of the list from the State of Ohio be approved. (It was moved and seconded that the recommendation of the Ex- ecutive Board with regard to the State of Ohio be adopted. On vote, the motion. was carried unanimously.) : Acting Secretary Day: The Executive Board also recommend that the list from Oklahoma, Oregon and Pennsylvania be elected members. (It was moved and seconded that the recommendation of the Ex- ecutive Board with regard to the State of Oklahoma, Oregon and Pennsylvania be elected members. On vote, the motion was carried unanimously.) Acting Secretary Day: The Executive Board also recommend that the list from South Carolina, South Dakota and Tennessee be elected to membership. (It was moved and seconded that the recommendation of the Ex- ecutive Board with regard to South Carolina, South Dakota and Ten- nessee be adopted. On vote, the motion was carried unanimously.) Acting Secretary Day: The Executive Board also recommend that the list from Texas be elected as members. (It was moved and seconded that the recommendation of the Ex- ecutive Board with regard to Texas be adopted. On vote, ee motion was carried unanimously.) Acting Secretary Day: 'The Executive Board also recommend that the list from Vermont be elected to membership. . Dr. Kinsley: I move that the recommendation of the Executive Board with regard to Vermont be adopted. Dr. Hoskins: I second the motion. PROCEEDINGS OF THE A. V. M. ‘A. 431 (On vote, the motion was carried unanimously.) ; Acting Secretary Day: The Executive Board recommend that the list from Virginia be elected:.to membership with the exception of William A. Carter, William B: Casilear, Robert P. Huffman, dsvik. Kagey, Adrian A. Martin, H. E. Picknal and William G. Saunders. Dr. Kinsley: I move that we adopt the recommendation of the Executive Board with regard to the State of Virginia. (The motion was seconded by Dr. Mayo, and, on vote, was carried unanimously.) Acting Secretary Day: I wish to state that in the case of H. E. Picknal that he did not state in what year he was a graduate of the United States College of Veterinary Surgery. If any of you happen to know him I should be very glad to have this information. The Executive Board recommend, or approve as members, all of the list from the State of Wisconsin. A Member: The name of Samuel B: Patterson, of LaCrosse, I would like to have deferred. y Dr. Hoskins: I move that with that exception we approve the list. (The motion was seconded by Dr. Kinsley, and, on motion, carried unanimously.) Acting Secretary Day: The Executive Board recommend for mem- bership all applicants on the lists from the Dominion of Canada and the Panama Canal Zone. : Dr. Kinsley:. I move that we approve those lists. (The motion was seconded by Dr. Hoskins, and, on motion, carried unanimously.) Dr. Hoskins: It ought to be understood by members. that with regard to any we may have passed over, to whom there might be ob- jection, that name can be reconsidered at a subsequent-meeting of the Association. Dr. Lyman: I believe it. is customary to elect these men by ballot. Inasmuch as these men have been passed upon and approved by the Executive Board I move that we dispense with the Rules and permit the Secretary to cast the ballot for their election. (The above motion was seconded.) President Torrance: It has been moved and seconded that the Rules be suspended and that the Secretary be instructed to cast the ballot for the applicants approved. (On vote, the motion was carried unanimously.) President Torrance: The Secretary is instructed to cast the ballot of the Association for the election of the applicants approved. Acting Secretary Day: According to your motion I hereby cast the ballot of the Association for the election of all the applicants ap- proved, according to the list that is lying before me. | President Torrance: The next order of business is the Secretary’s report, and as he has left it upstairs and has to go for it we might pass on and take up the Treasurer’s report. Is the Treasurer ready to report? , ci (No response from the Treasurer.) Dr. Hoskins: I move that the Treasurer’s report be carried over until another session. 432 PROCEEDINGS OF THE A. V. M..A. (The motion was seconded, and, on yote, carried Ge onats President Torrance: Is it your pleasure to wait for the Secretary’s report? He says he will be back in a minute. ; Dr. Kinsley: Is there any other committee report. ready? President Torrance: Is there any committee report ready for presen- tation? (No response.) Dr. Hoskins: I move we adjourn. Dr. Kinsley: I second that motion. _ President Torrance: It has been moved and seconded ‘that we. .ad- journ. I. would like to say here, although it is not the privilege of the Chairman to make speeches except in his Presidential Address, that I think it is advisable to transact as much business this morning, as possible; and therefore I would suggest you wait for the Secretary’s report. | Saale kt yi weg S ee | Dr. Hoskins: I withdraw the motion, Mr. Chairman. “ President Torrance: The motion to adjourn has been .withdrawn, and therefore we will get on with a little more business. (After waiting a short while and the Secretary not appearing, a new motion for adjournment was made and seconded and carried, the meeting adjourning at 12:35 p. m.) SESSION OF TUESDAY MORNING, AUGUST 20, 1918. The meeting was called to order by President Torrance at 10:10 a. m., as follows: President Torrance: The first order.of business is the report of. the Secretary. : Acting Secretary Day: Before entering into the report: I have an announcement to make in regard to the boat: ride: down the Delaware on Thursday afternoon. It will take place at three o’clock, and you will get your tickets in the office; the young lady. will take care of you. This boat ride is free. ar : . I also have a letter from your S aatiaics: Major Merillat, which I will read to the Association. at this time: “AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES HEADQUARTERS * Ninn done ig wrote VETERINARY LIAISON | MISSION AL. O,,102. Office ‘of the Executive Officer, | | July 19, 1918. To the Officers and Members of the” posi. Week American Veterinary Medical Association: The matter of writing a letter to the officers and ‘members of the Association for the 55th Annual Meeting has occurred to me long ago, but unfortunately my movements have forbidden until this late day when there is some doubt as to whether or not this message will be de- livered in time. I am therefore addressing this to Treasurer Schneider to avoid any delay in transmission to the floor of the assembly. PROCEEDINGS OF THE A. V. M. A. 433 It will be noted that these are the days of the great offensive when everyone in oversea service is bending: every effort to do his full duty, and even if an inclination to write a message were not destroyed by the fury of the fray it is difficult to concentrate one’s mind on any other matter than the events of the immediate moment .iand surroundings. Despite these obstacles, assure yourselves that the Secretary whom you honored last year by an unanimous re-election is with you today in spirit. The writing of a letter of interest or of one which might serve any purpose other than that of a greeting would be strictly forbidden. I have already . learned the danger of confiding even in one’s best friend. We are at war with a crafty enemy which does not fail to profit by each bit of information that may thus be unconsciously made public. The members will therefore pardon this brief note. At some future time (and we all hope it is not far distant) it will be a great pleasure to relate our experiences, our trials and our tribulations. I trust the Association will not recoil from the position it has taken in educational matters, but, on the contrary, will decide to take another substantial forward step. I am free to state, and I do so with great regret, that our greatest obstacles thus. far in developing an efficient service, one that could take its place side by side with our Allies, arises directly from the motley educational system we have tolerated for so many years. With the assurances of my odetbuna appreciation for the honor you conferred upon me, I am, : Very sincerely yours, L. A. MERILLAT, Secretary.” President Torrance: Does the Association wish to take any action with regard to this letter of Secretary Merillat’s? Dr. Mayo: Mr. President, I think it would be very fitting that a telegram of greeting be sent to Major Merillat, and I move, if it is possible, to send one. I don’ t know what the regulations are concerning the transmission of such a message, but I move that efforts be made to send him such a message. (The motion was seconded by Dr. Kinsley.) President Torrance: It is moved and seconded that a message of . greeting be sent to Secretary Merillat, now Major Merillat: Dr. Pierce: Give me an opportunity to say something about the other fellows over there. Why not put just one word about the others ; of our boys over there? They certainly deserve recognition. “President Torrance: Do you accept that amendment, Dr, Mayo? Dr. Mayo: I certainly do. (The amended motion was put to a vote, and carried unanimously.) Dr. Dalrymple: I move that Major Merillat’s letter be accepted and spread upon the Minutes. (The motion was seconded by Dr. Pierce, and, on vote, carried unanimously.) Acting Secretary Day: The Executive Board recommend that the President be authorized to appoint a committee to consider plans for a suitable memorial to the late Alexander F. Liautard. 434 PROCEEDINGS OF THE A. V. M. A. Dr. W. Horace Hoskins: I move that the recommendation of the Executive Board be adopted. Dr. Kinsley: I second the motion. (The above motion, on vote, was carried unanimously.) President Torrance: I don’t feel I would like to appoint this com- mittee off-hand, but would like to take a little time to think it over in order to get the best possible men on it. I will announce the composi- tion of this committee at a future session. Acting Secretary Day: ‘There have been some applications from the University Department of the Philippines, and of course in order to accept those applications it will be necessary for the University to be put on the accredited list. Therefore, the Executive Board recommend that the Veterinary School connected with the University Department of the Philippines be put on the accredited list. Dr. Hoskins: I move the recommendation of the Executive Board be adopted. Dr. Mayo: I second the motion, and in doing so I wish to state that I have followed the development of this Veterinary School as closely as one could without being there, and I believe they are worthy of the recognition of this Association. ! President Torrance: Are you ready for the question? All in favor of the adoption of this resolution signify by saying aye; sa alscue rt no. The ayes have it and the motion is carried. Acting Secretary Day: I believe that the next business is the election of members who have been passed upon by the Executive Board. I am very sorry we have not a list of these, such as we had yesterday, but they were received too late. I might say that all these applications have been received within the past week, and that this list you have was prepared a week ago yesterday, and of course we could not get these names in. I think it would be well for me to read some six or eight at a time, and then have you vote on them; and I will read six or eight more. Dr. Hoskins: Why not read the entire list and then vote on them? If there are any objections we can vote on those. President Torrance: If there is no objection to that line of. pro- cedure the Secretary will read all the names, giving time under each name to give a member the opportunity to object. If there is any ob- jection, the member will rise and state it. At the end of the reading the list will be put to a vote. | John A. Elliott, Denver, Col., McKillip Veterinary College; Herman Busman, A. W. Swedberg. Robert B. Leeper, Denver, Col., Kansas City Veterinary College, 1897; A. W. Swedberg, Herman, Busman. . Howard W. Baylor, Camp Greenleaf, Ga., Cornell University; 1913; Wilfred J. Stakes, Otis A. Longley. j Daniel Milton Purdy, Camp Greenleaf, Ga., Kansas Agricultural College, 1917; Samuel Goss, Cecil Elder. Bray ee eee oN Grover C. Pieper, Granite City, Ill, Ind. Vet. College, 1917; E. L. Bertram, J. W. Joss. PROCEEDINGS OF THE A. V. M. A. 435 Edward Anthony Benbrock, Aen Iowa, U. of P.,, 1914; H.-D. Berg- man, H. S. Murphey. Allen P. Buck, Boone, Iowa, Ohio State University, 1911; H. D. Berg- man, H. 8S. Murphey. : John Harlan Byerley, Des Moines, Iowa, Indiana Veterinary College, 1917; J. S. Koen, Frank Jelen. C. S. Cole, Ames, Iowa, Iowa State College, 1906; H. S. Murphey, H. D. Bergman. Ed. S. Dunn, Mason City, Iowa, Chicago Veterinary College, 1913: J. S. Koen, Frank Jelen. Willard D. Gilchrist, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, Iowa State College, 1205; Frank Jelen, J. W. Griffith. Ralph B. Hunter, Castana, towea. Chicago Veterinary College, 1917; J. S. Koen, J. I. Gibson. Geo. V. Jorgenson, Clermont, Iowa, McKillip Vet. College, 3 years; J. S. Koen, J. I. Gibson. Louis W. Kellogg, Hull, Iowa, Chicago Veterinary College, 1917; W. H. Hurst, J. S. Koen. Thomas J. McCabe, Williamsburg, Iowa, Chicago Veterinary College, 1918; .J.; 5. Koen; Frank Jelen. Carl Olsen, Sioux City, Iowa, Chicago Veterinary College, 1903; J. S. Koen, Frank Jelen. H. W. Orr, Ames, Iowa, Iowa State College, 1918; H. D. Bergman, H. S. Murphey. S. F. Rodibaugh, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, Indiana State Veterinary Col- lege; J. S. Koen, Frank Jelen. A. J. Steiner, Ames, Iowa, Iowa State College, 1918; C. H. Stange, J. R. Mohler. G. E. Van Tuyl, Paullina, Iowa, Chicago Veterinary College, 1917; W. H. Hurst, J. S. Koen. L. B. Vermillion, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, Indiana Veterinary College, 1909; J. S. Koen, Frank Jelen. Jesse Baker, Fort Kent, Me., U. S. College of Veterinary Surgeons, 1917; J. R. Mohler, C. M. Mansfield. Hervey T. Potter, Calais, Me., N. Y. College of Veterinary Surgeons, 1892; H. P. Henderson, W. H. Robinson. Lucien B. Ernest, Kensington, Md., U. S. College of Veterinary Sur- geons, 1915; J. A. Kiernan, R. A. Ramsay. Henry E. Brown, Springfield, Mass., Harvard, 1896; John D. De- Ronde, T. J. Kean. Israel Zimmerman, Springfield, Mass., Grand Rapids Veterinary College, 1906; John D. DeRonde, T. J. Kean. John Elihu Zeltzer, Detroit, Mich., Michigan Agricultural College, 1917; Col. H. E. States, M. H. Mendenhall. T. F. Arnold, St. Louis, Mo., Ontario Veterinary College, 18£0; E. L. Bertram, J. W. Joss. Robert R. Newman, Maplewood, Mo., Kansas City Veterinary Col- lege, 1908; E. L. Bertram, J. W. Joss. Robert Y. Oosten, St. Louis, Mo., McKillip Veterinary Catlege, 1916; E. L. Bertram, J. W. Joss. 436 PROCEEDINGS OF THE A. V. M. A. xs Charles L. Sanders, St. Louis, Mo., Cincinnati Veterinary College, 1916; E. L. Bertram, J. W. Joss. Harry S. Johnson, Central City, Neb., Kansas City Veterinary College, 1914; Edwin O. Odell, S. E. Casford. Henry Henning, New York, N. Y., N. Y. College of Veterinary Sur- geons, 1888; W. Horace Hoskins, F. Torrance. Joseph Jacobs, New York, N. Y., N. Y. State Veterinary College; 1918; W. Horace Hoskins, F. Torrance. Emil Pohl, Buffalo, N. Y., Ohio Veterinary College, 1891; C. R. Per- kins, B. P. Wende. Paul F. Brim, Philadelphia, Pa., McKillip Veterinary College, 1908; W. Horace Hoskins, J. W. Sallade. Edward M. Curley, Tremont, Pa., U. of P., 1911; F. H. McCarty, J. W. Sallade. Arthur Spitz, Philadelphia, Pa., U. of P., 1907; Elkan H. Yunker, C. S. Rockwell. Dr. Hoskins: The names just read are recommended for member- ship. I move the recommendation be approved. | Dr. Mayo: Was the rule for vouchers for all of these applicants, in that they are required to have a voucher from the state which they come, carried out? Acting Secretary Day: Yes, sir. Dr. Mayo: I second the motion. President Torrance: I think it necessary to couple with that motion a motion to suspend the rules. Dr. Hoskins: I move to suspend the rules. (The amended motion was seconded, and, on vote, carried unani- mously.) President Torrance: Gentlemen, the Secretary tells me he has some fifty more names of members to read. I don’t know whether it is in order or not to read the names without giving the names of the men’ who would vouch for them, but, if so, it seems to me that it would save time. Dr. Hoskins: Can’t we just leave these names until the afternoon session? President Torrance: I will entertain a motion to that effect. Dr. Hoskins: I move that we postpone the reading of the names of these additional applicants until the opening of the session this after- noon. (The motion was seconded, and, on vote, carried unanimously.) Acting Secretary Day: I would like, before the close of the meeting this morning, to make this announcement: I have some applications here from Kentucky, and if there is anyone that might know these ap- plicants I should be glad to have you vouch for them. The applicants are Fred W. Bratton, George S. Place and John R. Edwards. They are from Kentucky. I have a few more that are not well vouched for, and these gentlemen are from: New York: Morris A. Quinn and Raymond Winters. If there is anyone who knows those gentlemen and can vouch for them, I would like for you to come up on the platform right away, and see if we can’t get them properly vouched for. PROCEEDINGS OF THE A. V. M. A. 437 President Torrance: To prevent any misapprehension about the new members elected at this meeting, I would like to say that every member elected at this meeting has the same right to vote for the elec- tion of officers as any other member. It does not matter about his elec- tion taking place at this time; he has the right to vote at the election. This afternoon, at the afternoon session, we will commence by taking up the list of names that has not yet been voted upon, and we will put those through; and those members will also have the right to vote at this election. Dr. W. H. Hoskins: I move that when we adjourn we adjourn to meet at two o’clock, and that this work of the few applications will commence promptly at that hour. President Torrance: I understand that the program this afternoon begins with two papers. Is it your intention to proceed with the appli- cations before the papers? Dr. Hoskins: Yes, because there is considerable work in commit- tees. (The motion was seconded.) President Torrance: It has been moved and seconded that in this afternoon’s session we have first the applications and then proceed with the regular order of business, the receiving of reports. This will take priority over the reading of papers. A Member: Is this question open to discussion? President Torrance: I did not know there would be any discussion on it. A vote of adjournment is not subject to discussion. It may be voted down, but is not subject to amendment. . (The motion was put to a vote and carried unanimously.) AFTERNOON SESSION, TUESDAY, AUGUST 20, 1918. The meeting was called to order by President Torrance at 2:15 p. m. It was moved by Dr. Cassius Way that the resolution passed at the morning session, to change the program and proceed with the election of new members first at this afternoon’s session, be reconsidered. (The motion was seconded, and after some discussion by Drs. Hos- kins, Williams and others the motion was carried to proceed with the program as printed.) ‘President Torrance: We will now listen to a paper by Dr. Veranus A. Moore, of New York State Veterinary College, on “The Veterinary P#actitioner and the Control of Infectious Diseases.” (See December Journal.) President Torrance: Before proceeding to the next item on the pro- gram I would ask that the meeting give an opportunity to Dr. Eagle to make a statement. Dr. R. F. Eagle: Mr. President and gentlemen: Since this Conven- tion has been here assembled you have had the opportunity of listening to many addresses, classic in some respects, and I don’t feel competent to review the progress of veterinary science. I am here for another purpose. But, in order not to encroach upon an already crowded pro- gram, I am going to get to the little statement I am going to make immediately. (See January Journal.) \ 438 PROCEEDINGS OF THE A. V. M. A. Dr. Eagle: Just before leaving Chicago, Mr. Ogilvie informed me that Canada is contributing an oil painting of Dr. J. G. Rutherford. (Ap- plause.) Dr. W. H. Hoskins: The presentation of these three portraits of honored members of our profession is of particular interest to the prac- titioners of America; and in order to carry out the intention of the Committee I move that these pictures be turned over to the Executive Board with the view of seeing that they are placed in the Saddle and Sirloin Club of Chicago, with an expression of our appreciation for this recognition they have given these distinguished members that we have mingled with so Many years. Dr. Mayo: In seconding that motion I would also like to include that we extend to Mr. Thomas BE. Wilson our sincere thanks for his gen- erous contribution to this valuable object, and also to the Saddle and Sirloin Club for the opportunity not only to establislr this gallery but for the opportunity they have extended to us to place these distinguished faces of our veterinarians there. Dr. Bennett: I would like to suggest that the portraits be presented to the Saddle and Sirloin Club of Chicago during the Stock Show around the first of December. Many of the veterinarians here will be there. A great many of the prominent leaders in veterinary medicine of this country will be there, and also of Canada; and I would suggest that the Eiko eee be made to the Saddle and Sirloin Club at that time. President Torrance: Would Dr. Hoskins be willing to have that included in the original motion? (Dr. Hoskins accepts the amendment.) Dr. Torrance: It has been moved and seconded that these pictures be turned over to the Executive Board with the view of seeing that they are placed in the Saddle and Sirloin Club of Chicago, with an expression of our appreciation of this recognition they have given these distin- guished members we have mingled with so many years; and that we extend to Mr. Thomas E. Wilson our sincere thanks for his generous contribution to this valuable object, and that our thanks be extended to those other gentlemen who have contributed in no small measure to the carrying out of this estimable object. (On vote the motion was passed unanimously.) President Torrance: I have a further announcement to make. Ar- rangements have been made for a competent man to accompany the party on the boat trip on Thursday afternoon, to indicate and explatn the points of interest along the Delaware River. To derive the full benefit of this man’s knowledge the party should be kept together in some one section of the boat. This can be accomplished, the officials of the boat line tell us, if the members of the party assemble here at 2:30 p. m. at the latest. This will make it possible to visit the Mulford laboratories at Glen- olden the same afternoon. AIl who desire to visit these laboratories at some earlier time should make arrangements to do so by applying at the Mulford exhibit in the Clover room; and a guide will be provided. Tickets for the boat ride are being distributed at the Bureau of In- / PROCEEDINGS OF THE A. V. M. A. 439 formation desk free of charge. Boats leave at the Chestnut street wharf. Remember to be there before 2:30 Thursday afternoon. The Banquet Committee also asked me to add to what I have said that banquet tickets must be purchased as early as possible so that reservation may be made by the hotel management for all who attend. The next business on our program is a paper: by J. J. Ferguson of Chicago on ‘‘The Live Stock Industry, Present and Prospective.” I have much pleasure in calling upon Mr. Ferguson. (Applause.) Mr. J. J. Ferguson: ‘This is not a very good time to talk. A man said to me this morning, ‘‘Why aren’t you fighting? Every man who looks as ablebodied as you should be over there giving the Huns hell,” so I don’t think it a good time to inflict much of a talk on you. In order to save valuable time I thought it well to put in the form of a small folder the information and data which I thought it might be well to put before you. Gentlemen of this Association, your work is so vitally connected with the success in every way of the live stock industry that we regard you as fundamental, and it was with great pleasure indeed that ‘our people were advised that I was invited to come here and appear before you. I will just run over a few of the facts I have jotted down, and which I have had printed here so you may have them before you and may read them at your leisure. (See October Journal.) President Torrance: I have been asked to announce that the Cornell Alumni will hold a meeting and dinner in the Pink room at 6:30 p. m. This paper by Mr. Ferguson is now open for discussion. A Member: May I ask that Mr. Ferguson’s paper be published at the earliest possible time in the Journal, so that the figures he has in it will be at our disposal while they are fresh? President Torrance: I understand that Mr. Ferguson has provided a number of these pamphlets, which will be distributed to each member of the Association. President Torrance: If you have no further comment on this valu- able paper, we will pass on to the regular order of business, taking up the business where we left off—the presentation of the names recorded by the Executive Board. I will call upon the Secretary to read the names of these prospective members. Acting Secretary Day: First, I would like action to be taken on the names from the Philippine Islands, read this morning, Dr. W. H. Hoskins: I move that we suspend the rules and elect the ‘four members from the Philippine Islands. (The motion was seconded, and, on vote, carried unanimously.) Acting Secretary Day: Also, Lieut. Bratton, of New York. Dr. Lowe: I move that this name take the same course as the preceding names. Major Cotton: Associated with the name of Lieut. Bratton there were also this morning the two other names I remember in particular, and also other names of veterinary officers in the United States army who have failed to get the endorsement of some member of this Asso- ‘ciation from the States from which they originate. As I understand, all these men have been recommended by the veterinary instructors in 440 PROCEEDINGS OF THE A. V. M. A. the school of the United States army. I remember particularly that © associated with Lieut. Bratton’s name was the name of Lieut. Place, and another. These are men I have known all winter, and it seems an out- rage against those who have been in the veterinary training schools that simply because they failed to get the endorsement of men from their own states they should be excluded at this time. This is a mili- tary exigency, and I therefore move that the by-laws be suspended and that those members vouched for by members of this Association—even though they failed to get vouchers from their own State—be elected to membership, those in military service particularly. Dr. Lowe: In view of the military exigency, I take pleasure in seconding the motion of Major Cotton. President Torrance: You have heard the motion that the by-laws be suspended, and that those names held up by the Executive Board because of being not vouched for by members from their own state, be passed. Major Cotton: And also other military officers who are also mem- bers of this Association, as well as instructors. Perhaps there are some who have been vouched for. Some, like Lieut. Bratton, are of West . Point, Kentucky. In other words, some of these men have been vouched for by other veterinary officers besides instructors. President Torrance: And that those names be passed in cases where the men have been vouched for by veterinarians other than vet- erinary instructors. Major Cotton: But who are members. (On vote the motion was carried unanimously.) Acting Secretary Day: There are a few names I did not read this morning. They are as follows: ; Fred C. Frye, St. Joseph, Mo., K. C. V. C., 1914; J. A. Zimmerman and A. O. Lundell. Chas. H. Gruncald, St. Joseph, Mo., St. Jo, 1915; J. A. Zimmerman and A. O. Lundell. Elwood B. Bunting, St. Joseph, Mo., St. Jo, 1891; H. J. Hoyman and A. O. Lundell. G. P. Everly, St. Joseph, Mo., K. C. V. C., 1911; A. O. Lundell and W. A. Davidson. E. A. Kellogg, St. Joseph, Mo., K. C. V. C., 1915; A. T. Kinsley and S. L. Stewart. Lee I. Walch, St. Joseph, Mo., St. Jo, 1817; R. C. Moore and E. = Logan. John B. Wright, St. Joseph, Mo., K. C. V. C., 1897; Hy. J. Hoyman and Chas. I. Walch. . Frank A. Spellman, St. Joseph, Mo., St. Jo, 1917; J. A. Zimmerman and C. O. Walch. Wm. A. Barr, St. Joseph, Mo., K. C. V. C., 1910; Chas. O. Walch and H. J. Hoyman. Cc. J. Mutziger, St. Joseph, Mo., x C.Y, C., 1905; A. O. Lundell and W. A. Davidson. H. R. Colliers, St. Joseph, Mo., K. C. V. C., 1906; A. O. Lundell and W. A. Davidson. PROCEEDINGS OF THE A. V. M. A. 441 H. P. Brown, St. Joseph, Mo., K. C. V. C., 1918; H. J. Hoyman and AG. rose C. B. Griffith, Baileyville, Kan., Kansas State, 1918; H. J. Hoyman and ra O. Lundell. E. H. Haynie, St. Joseph, Mo., St. Jo, 1918; A. J. Zimmerman and A. O. Lundell. R. L. Brinkman, Cairo, Ga., Cincinnati, 1917; Wm. M. McKellar and Louis P. Cook. E. A. Birmingham, Bridgeport, Conn., N. Y. A. V. C., 1905; Albert C. Knapp and Robert D. Martin. Chas. H. Honeywell, Manhattan, Kan., Kansas State, 1918; G. E. Maxwell and A. T. Kinsley. C. H. Danes, Kansas City, Kan., K. C. V. C., 1898; G. E. Maxwell and A. T. Kinsley. F. C. Pryor, Wewoka, Okla., McKillip, 1918; Willis F. Hall and F. F. Meads. Jas. N. Eagle, Clark, S. D., K. C. V. C., 1910; S. W..Allen, G. G. Graham and H. Jensen. N. V. Boyce, Kansas City, Kan., K. C. V. C., 1899; A. T. Kinsley and C. O. Kroner. Arthur C. Stever, Jacksonville, Fla., U. S. Cc. V. S., 1907; E. M. Nighbert and Thos. J. Mahaffy. H. E. Curry, Kansas City, Mo., K. C. V. C., 1908; A. T. Kinsley and G. E. Maxwell. (President Torrance calls Fifth Vice President S. H. Ward to the Chair.) The Chairman: Gentlemen, you have heard the reading of the names by the Secretary. What is your pleasure? Dr. W. H. Hoskins: I move that the recommendation of the Execu- tive Board be approved under suspension of the rules, as was done this morning. (The motion was seconded by Dr. Kinsley, and, on vote, carried unanimously.) : Acting Secretary Day: I have, also, the following names: W. J. Deegan, Camden, N. J., U. of P., 1911; W. H. Lowe and C. M. Hoskins. Frederick B. Miller, Brooklyn, Pa., Ontario, 1910; E. H. Yonker and F. H. McCarthy. J. P. O’Leary, Ridley Park, Pa., Harvard, 1895; C. S. Rockwell and E. H. Yonkers. Edw. C. Joss, Portland, Ore., C. V. C., 1902; W. H. Lytle and B. T. Simms. J. W. Richardson, Chickamauga Park., Ga., M. C. K., 1910; W. J. Stokes and O. A. Longley. R. E. Duckworth, Chickamauga Park, Ga., San Francisco, 1915; W. J. Stokes and O. A. Longley. BE. B. Cockerton, Chickamauga Park, Ga., San Francisco, 1911; W. J. Stokes and O. A. Longley. Jos. H. Kitzhofer, Chickamauga Park, Ga., O. S. U., 1910; W. J. Stokes, O. A. Longley and C. E. Cotton. 442 PROCEEDINGS OF THE A. V. M. A. W. M. Kyle, Chickamauga Park, Ga., C. V. C., 1915; W. J. Stokes, O. A. Longley, N. E. Northrup. H. F. Cook, Chickamauga Park, Ga., C. V. C., 1908; W. J. Stokes, O. A. Longley and E. L. Quitman. H. J. Stafseth, Camp Custer, Mich., Michigan Agricultural College, 1£17; G. W. Dunphy and S. Brenton. R. B. Rath, Camp Custer, Mich., Grand Rapids, 1912; G. W. Dunphy and C. E. Cotton. W. H. Seute, Chickamauga Park, Ga., K. C. V. C., 1810; W. J. Stokes and .O. A. Longley. : E. N. Nettleton, Chickamauga Park, Ga., C. V. C., 1895; W. J. Stokes, O. A. Longley, N. E. Northrup. W. E. Popelors, Chickamauga Park, Ga., C. V. C., 1915; W. J. Stokes, O. A. Longley and S. J. Walkley. E. E. Chase, Chickamauga Park, Ga., Ontario, 1905; W. J. Stokes, O. A. Longley and S. J. Walkley. : M. J. Luster, Chickamauga Park, Ga., K. C. V. C., 1917; W. J. Stokes, O. A. Longley and E. W. Ranck. H. L. Farr, Chickamauga Park, Ga., A. P. I., 1917; W. J. Stokes, O. A. Longley and R. W. Gow. Charles Eastman, Chickamauga Park, Ga., K. C. V. C., 1904; W. J. Stokes, O. A. Longley and A. T. Kinsley. Jas. B. Boazman, Chickamauga Park, Ga., K. C. V. C., 1902; W. J. Stokes, O. A. Longley and A. T. Kinsley.- C. H. Young, Chickamauga Park, Ga., K. C. V. C., 1912; W. J. Stokes, O. A. Longley and A. T. Kinsley. G. B. Jones, Chickamauga Park, Ga., K. C. V. C.,.1916; W. T. Stokes, O. A. Longley and A. T. Kinsley. W. B. Boulton, Chickamauga Park, Ga., St. Jo, 1917; W. T. Stokes, O. A. Longley and A. T. Kinsley. J. W. Benner, Chickamauga Park, Ga., Kansas State, 1911; W. T. Stokes, O. A. Longley, A. T. Kinsley and G. W. Goss. Connie McMiller, Chickamauga Park, Ga., K. C. V. C., 1916; W. T. Stokes, O. A. Longley and E. M. Ranck. R. Cc. Guilder, Chickamauga Park, Ga., St. Jo, 1910; W. T. Stokes, O, A. Longley and A. T. Kinsley. C. C. Palmer, Chickamauga Park, Ga., Ohio State, 1912; W. T. Stokes, A. Longley and A. S. Cooley. H. N. Beeman, Chickamauga Park, Ga., O. S. U., 1918; W .J. Stokes, A. Longley and A. S. ‘Cooley. J. K. Northway, Chickamauga Park, Ga., Ko Ce Wee IS wae: Stokes, O. A. Longley and H. L. Darby. L. C. Crow, Chickamauga Park, Ga., K. C. V. C., 1815; W. J. Stokes, O. A. Longley and A. T. Kinsley. W. A. Geick, Chickamauga Park, Ga., St. Jo, 1915; W. J. Stokes, O. A. Longley and R. Arbiter. , E. B. Jordan, Purviss, Miss., K. C. V. S., 1915; Geo. W. Constable and E. M. Ranck. The Chairman: Gentlemen, you have heard the reading of the names by the Secretary. What is your pleasure? OF O. PROCEEDINGS OF THE A. V. M. A. 443 Dr. Lowe: I move that the same course be pursued in regard to the names of these gentlemen as was pursued with the preceding batch. (The motion was peenrded by Dr. Kinsley, and, on vote, carried unanimously.) Acting Secretary Day: I have also the following: J. F, Ryder, Boston, Mass., Amr. Vet., 1883; H. K. Copethorn and L. H. Howard. C. C. Neal, Glenolden, Pa.,. U. of P., 1916; C. M. Hoskins and C. §. Rockwell. Theo. Schondeau, Washington, D. C., U. S. C. of V. S., 1910; os: Mohler and W. H. Hoskins. Jas. W. Crouse, Camp Dix, N. J., U. of P., 1915; W. H. Hoskins and J. R. Mohler. W. T. Conway, West Haven, Conn., Harvard, 1891: H. Whitney and S. A. Selby. F.. H. Hassenvilles, Davenport, Iowa, C. V. C., 1905; Peter A. Franx- mann and A. A. Swain. J. A. Dragoo, Connersville, Ind., C. V. C., 1908; W. B. Craig and L. E. Northrup. M. H. Clark, Seymour, Ind., Ind. Vet., 1916; C. H. Hays, J. E. Gibson and L. BE. Northrup. . R. E. Wood, Rockville, Ind., Ind. Vet., 1910; C. H. Hayes, R. H. Boyd and L. E. Northrup. : G. F. Campbell, Camp Mead, Md., U. S. V. C., 1910; J. P. Turner and Lieut. Hardenberg. B. Mann, Camp Mead, Md., U. of P., 1917; W. J. Lentz and J. W. Adams. R. A. Runnels, Camp Mead, Md., Mich. Ag., 1916; G. W. Dunphy and W. Giltner. G. E. M. Smallbone, Camp Mead, Md., C. V. C., 1912; E. Odell and Dr. Bell of St. Paul, Neb. John W. Claris, Buffalo, N. Y., Cornell, 1917; C. E, ‘Cotton, F. H. Mackie and W. H. Hoskins. I. H. Halkin, New York City, N. Y., N. Y. S. V., 1918; W. H. Hoskins and Harry D. Gill. B. M. Lyon, Pearl River, N. Y., U. of P., 1815; A. Eichhorn and T. E. Isacsen. W. E. Muldoon, Camp Lee, Va., Cornell N. Y. S., 1913: Frank H. Mackie, C. M. Haring and W. H. Hoskins. J. R. Porteus, New York City, N. Y: S. V., 1918; W. H. Hoskins and J. R. Mohler. Henry Schaffer, New York City, N. Y. S., 1918; W. H. Hoskins and Henry D. Gill. Orion L. Summer, Upper Sandusky, Ohio, Ohio State University; G. W. Cliffe and F. E, Anderson. Robert Porteus, Camp Gordon, Ga., Ohio State University; A. H. Legenhausen and S. Sisson. F. B. Mayer, Canton, Pa., McKillip V. C., 1911; C. J. Marshall and W. E. Wight. 444 PROCEEDINGS OF THE A. V. M. A. Henry R. McNally, St. Joseph, Mo., K. C. V. C., 1902; R. Graham and R. C. Moore. Jas. Dwight Pierce, Springfield, Mass., C. — C., 1918; W. J. Hennessey and B. D. Pierce. Paul A. Johnson, Little Rock, Ark., Ohio State, 1908; R. M. Gow and C. O. Kromer. Jas. H. Murphey, Sullivan, Ind., a. A. a, Gigy, esain & hk Saath SS 8 aor and R. H. Boyd. Herman V. Persells, Muncie, Ind., K. Coo a 3912? Lee Olson: C. H. H. Dixon and L. T. Northrup. C..F,. Harrington, Denver, Col., C. V. C., 1911; C. G. Lamb and IL. E. . Newcom. E. W. Price, Dunmore, W. Va., G. W.. Univ., 1918; S. E. Hershey and C. O. Kromer. A. F. Cassell, Beverly, Kan., Kansas State Agricultural College, 1907; G. Gross and G. M. Potter. G. W. Riley, New Hope, Pa., U. of Pa.,*1912; H. W. Turner and W. H. Ridge. 2nd Lieut. J. W. Boylston, Springfield, S.-C., A. RP. I. 1916; H. D. Martin and R. N. Gow. 1st Lieut. C. J. Griffin, Camp Jackson, Ohio State, 1913; H. D. Martin and W. A. Oxby. : 2nd Lieut. W. D. McCormack, Camp Jackson, AYP 18h: Martin and R. N. Gow. 2nd Lieut. L. J. Hogan, Camp Jackson, McK. V. C., 1911; H. D. Martin and Wm. Baylor. H. N. Hill, Boston, Mass., Harvard, 1896; H. K. Copethorn and J. D. DeRonde. A. C. Fitzpatrick, Cambridge, Mass., Harvard, 1900; H. K. Copethorn and L. H. Howard. Geo. E. Fetter, Watertown, Mass., Harvard, 1896; H. K. Copethorn and L. H. Howard. J. F. Arnold, Camp Merritt, N. J., Cornell U., 1916; H. K. Copethorn and J. D. DeRonde. Andrew Hyde, Philadelphia, Pa., A. Ct. C., 1887; H. K. Copethorn and L. H. Howard. ° E. A. Crossman, Needham, Mass., Harvard, 1891; H. K. Copethorn and L. H. Howard. J. J. Smart, Somerville, Mass., O. V. C., 1897; H. K. Copethorn and L. H. Howard. 4 5 R. O. Brock, Watertown, Mass., N. Y. Am., 1905; H. K. Copethorn and L. H. Howard. Chas. ar Kronfeld, Hartford, Conn., C. V. C., 1917; H. K. Copethorn and L. H. Howard. Jno. J. Ash, Somerville, Mass., Ohio State University, 1917; H. K. Copethorn and L. H. Howard. K. C. Cherrington, Pawtucket, R. I, Harvard, 1900; H. K. Copethorn and J. T. Pollard. E. F. Schofield, Greenwich, Conn., O. V. C., 1906; C. L. ‘Galton and M. T. Knapp. _PROCEEDINGS OF THE A. V. M. A. 445 R. E. Hittle, Bloomingtgn, Ill, K. C. V. C., 1915; D. M. Campbell and A. Hichhorn. 2nd Lieut. J. A. Finn, Camp Jackson, C. W. C., 1917; H. D. Martin and E. L. Quitman. 2nd Lieut. Walter E. Fritz, Columbia, S. C., Cornell, 1911; H. D. Martin and A. Eichhorn. 2nd Lieut. J. M. Herron, Camp Jackson, U. of P., 1914; H. D. Martin and W. H. Lowe. Walter H. Yingst, Harrisburg, Pa., N. Y. C. V.; W. C. Siegmund and J. A. McConeghy. Nathan K. Fegley, Emans, Pa., Nat. V. C., 1885; C. S. Rockwell and T. E. Munce. Dee Lloyd Allen, Auburn, Ala., A. P. Inst., 1917; J. S. McAdonz and C. A. Cary. H. B. Leonard, Albany, N. Y., Cincinnati College, 1905; J. G. Wills and J. A. Kiernan. Jacob W. Vance, Columbus, Ohio, Cincinnati V. :C, 1912; W. A. Axby and C. O. Kromer. C: A. Trapkey, Camp Mead, Md., G. R. M., 1913; W. A. Axby and C. O. Kromer. F. R. Ewing, Camp Pike, Ark., Ont. V. C., 1914; L. E. Day, O. E. Barker and R. M. Gow. H. F. Peters, Ashville, Ohio, McK. V. C., 1910; Chas. Frazier and H. D. Sheeran. C. H. York, Columbus, Ohio, K. C. V. C., 1911; H. D. Sheeran and A. S. Cooley. M. K. Mann, Bloomsburg, Mi 8., OU -o8 P.,; 18863 ahh A. McNeil and H. B. Cox. _W. Grimes, Hawthorn, N. J., N. Y. C. of V., 1899; T. Booth and J. MacFadden. ‘ E. M. Alderich, Grove City, Pa., U. of P., 1913; P. E. Quinn and H. W. Turner. Ws as Herbert, Bloomsburg, Pa., U. of P., 1904; C. J. Marshall and D. W. Gilliland. M. W. Neidigh, State College, Pa., O. S. U., 1917; D. S. White and ON. Brumley. G. K. Swank, Revere, Pa., U. of P., 1904; P. EH. Quinn and H. W. Turner. Thomas White, Philadelphia, Pa., U. of P., 1900; C. A. Schaufler and C. S. Rockwell. W. J. Brown, McKilip, 1910; C. M. Haring and F. H. Mackie. L. C. Drum, Menomonie, Wis., C. V. C., 1$10; J. T. Purcell and W. A. Wolcott. Elmer T. Haven, Jacksonville, Fla., K. C. V. C., 1908; E. M. Nighbert, T. J. Mahaffy and A. T. Kinsley. Richard J. Lukey, Eau Claire, Wis., C. V. C., 1913; J. T. Purcell and W. A. Wolcott. Cc. C. Conley, Burlington, Vt. K. C. V. C., 1905; T. J. Kean, J. D. DeRonde and A. T. Kinsley. Ira H. Arnold, Rosslyn, Va., U. S. C. V. S., 1917; H. H. Young and H. S. Gamble. 446 : PROCEEDINGS OF THE A. V. M. A. Dr. W. H. Hoskins: I move that the gentlemen whose names have just been read be elected, under suspension of the rules. The President: With the consent of Dr. Hoskins I would like to include the name of Major Edwards, whose name requires one more voucher. Dr. Hoskins: I move it be included in the list. (The motion was seconded and, on vote, carried unanimously.) A Member: I move you that the Secretary be instructed to cast one > ballot for the names that have been read. (The motion was seconded, and, on vote, carried unanimously.) Dr. Kinsley: Is there not another list of fifteen or some such that was included in Major Cotton’s motion, and that should be read prior to that? President Torrance: I don’t know. I will ask the Secretary. Are there any more names, Mr. Secretary? Acting Secretary Day: Yes, I wlil pick them out. President Torrance: And we will include them in the motion. It is understood that this motion will include those men who under a previous motion were included with the vouching of military officers, even though not from the States of which the applicants were residents. Acting Secretary Day: According to the motion, I hereby cast the ballot of the Association for all the members whose names have been read. President Torrance: The next order of business is the presentation of the report of the Secretary. : Acting Secretary Day: (See November Journal.) President Torrance: You have heard the Secretary’s report. What is your pleasure? Dr. W. H. Hoskins: I move it be received and filed. (The motion was seconded, and, on vote, carried unanimously.) Dr. Hoskins: I move that further consideration of the,report be deferred until the next regular session of the meeting of the Association. (The motion was seconded, and, on vote, carried unanimously.) President Torrance: That brings us now to the election of officers as our next order of business. The first officer to be elected is the Presi- dent. We are now ready to receive nominations for President. Dr. Moore: I have in mind a gentleman who has been a faithful member of this Association for many years, a man who has seldom been absent from the meetings, who is from a section of this country that has been rather overlooked for a number of years: Dr, C. A. Cary of Alabama. Dr. Hoskins: I would like to second the nomination of Dr. Cary for the office of President. I recall that in 1890 this Association for the first time in its history held a meeting west of the Allegheny Mountains, © and held it in the city of Chicago; and one of the three men who met us there at that time, and we went from the east in a goodly number, in proportion to our membership, was Dr. C. A. Cary. He has continued his membership from that day until this, and his membership now reaches over about thirty years. I can recall no meetings during that ns aoa PROCEEDINGS OF THE A. V. M. A. 447 period of time at which Dr. Cary was not present. He has been a very active worker in the Association. We have never assigned to him a duty of any kind, no matter how slight it seemed, that he did not make an effort to perform it better than his predecessor. The annals and records of this Association will show many contributions of great value to this Association and of great value to the profession. He was for a - long time a practitioner of veterinary medicine, and for many years a member of the teaching staff in several places throughout our country— at present at one of our schools in the South. There he is doing a vast work in connection with that school; and from what we have heard of the vast possibilities in the South in opening up a field to relieve the animal shortage, he has a great opportunity before him; and I hope he will receive this honor, of being elected President, especially as we may go to the South in 1919, and aid our brethren in the South in helping to open up that part of our territory. (Applause.) Dr. Bennett: I have been a member of this Association for the past quarter of a century, and there has been impressed upon me very forci- bly the great progress the veterinary profession has made during the time I have been a member of the Association. I have seen members come and go; I have seen officers come and go; and it seems to me every year we improve our conditions. The veterinary profession has advanced always, and it is advancing today; and I am glad to say I am a member of this Association, and I would like to see someone at the head of this Association who is a man that has always stood for the advancement of higher education in every way. Therefore, I take great pleasure in presenting the name of Dr. V. A. Moore, and I trust the members of this Association will see fit to honor him with their votes today. (Applause.) Dr. Kinsley: I realize the fact that Iam one of the younger members of the Association. I have been privileged to sit in many committee meetings, and I want to heartily second the nomination of Dr. V. A. Moore, whom I have seen in committee work year after year, and who has served this Association in practically all capacities except that of President. I am satisfied that we will appreciate what Dr. V. A. Moore will do for this Association if elected President. I hope you will support him. (Applause.) Dr. Stange: To those of us who are carrying the responsibility of training men who will enter this profession, only to those, perhaps, can you look for leadership; and among those you look for leadership in is V. A. Moore. I don’t believe many of you, except those connected with the colleges, appreciate how much good counsel he has given us and how much he has helped us to turn out men that will be a credit to this or any other profession. I want to heartily endorse: the nomination of Dr. Moore. (Applause.) President Torrance: Are there any other nominations? If not, a ballot will be taken on these two names: C. A. Cary, of Alabama, and Veranus A. Moore, of Ithaca, N. Y. I will appoint as tellers Dr. Cooley and Dr. Hilton and Dr. Hernsheim. Now, everyone who has been elected to membership at this meeting is competent to vote, but only members are competent to vote ,and we trust that visitors will refrain from at- tempting to cast a ballot. 448 PROCEEDINGS OF THE A. V. M. A. President Torrance: While the tellers are counting the votes we can proceed to other business. The University of Pennsylvania Alumni will meet tonight at the Bellevue-Stratford. Dinner will be served—it does not say where, except it is in the hotel. | The New York Alumni will meet at 8 o’clock in the Pink room. We will now receive nominations for the office of Vice Presidents. There are five to be elected. * (The following nominations were made for the Vice Presidencies: O. H. Eliason, of Wisconsin; George H. Hart, of California; Thomas E. Smith, of New Jersey; J. B. Hollingsworth, of Canada; I. E. Newsom, of Colorado; Adolph Eichhorn, of New York; H. B. Cox, of Philadelphia; L. E. Northrup, of Indiana; H. S. Murphey, of Ames, Iowa; and R. P. Marsteller, of Texas.) (The name of W. H. Dalrymple, of Louisiana, was presented. As to the nomination of Dr. Dalrymple as Vice President, President Torrance spoke as follows: President Torrance: I might point out that Dr. Dalrymple has oc- cupied the Presidential chair, and it is not customary to elect to the Vice Presidency a man who has been President of the Association. If there are no further nominations the ballots will be cast, and I will appoint Dr. Fitch, Dr. Ranck and Dr. Pierce to act as tellers. The McGill graduates will meet in the Blue room at 8 o’clock. President Torrance: I have received two telegrams, one from Dr. Schwarzkopf, which read as follows: , “FS. St. Paul, Minn. 19. Secretary American Veterinary Med- ical Association, Bellevue-Stratford Hotel. Philadelphia, Pa. Best wishes for profitable meeting. Recommend action be taken rela- tive to our professional assistants in protection and conservation of the horse power of the country while this question is pressing on account of war condition it also forms an essential part of veterinary ethics. Let us join therefore in the humane endeavor of the American Red Star Animal Relief and assist this organi- zation morally and financially for this purpose. I pledge ten dollars if ninety-nine other members contribute a like amount. Olaf Schwarzkopf, Major Veterinary Corps.” President Torrance: The second telegram is from Col. Morse, and reads as follows: “WA. Washington, D. C., 12:38 p.m. 20. Dr. F. Torrance, Presi- dent American Veterinary Medical Association, Bellevue-Strat- ford Hotel,. Philadelphia, Pa. Regret my inability to accept your kind invitation. Best wishes for successful meeting. Colonel Morse.” Z President Torrance: Now, the tellers may retire and count the ballots, and while they are doing so I will entertain a motion that we . proceed with the election of Secretary. Dr. W. H. Hoskins: I move that we proceed with the election of Secretary. PROCEEDINGS OF THE A. V. M. A. 449 (Motion seconded, and, on vote, carried unanimously.) Dr. W. H. Hoskins: I desire to place the name, for the nomination of Secretary, of one who does not need me to say anything for him. His first year was the most remarkable year in the history of this Association. He is filled with energy and zeal and set himself to the task of making this Association stronger and more powerful in every way. In one short year he placed on the roll of membership of this Association some five hundred and forty-three members. Just subse- quent to that he was one of the first of our number to seek and pledge himself for the support of his country, of your and my country. Dr, L. A. Merillat, as our Secretary, filled a remarkable year during the period of his activity. He was called into the service, to which he promptly responded, and was very quickly sent abroad, where his serv- ices seemed to be more largely needed. He was taken away from us, but in accordance with that rule which we adopted when this country entered war, that we would share the work and labors of anyone who might be called into the service, it was necessary to take a fifty-fifty share of the service and work. We would do that, and if it were neces- sary to do all of the work we were prepared to do that. He has been away during the year, yet there has been such a loyal devotion to the Association’s services by those to whom he has entrusted its care during his absence, and by others sharing the work which would have fallen to his lot during the year, we are met here with one of the best programs in the history of the Association; and this meeting will go down in the records of the American Veterinary Medical Association probably never equalled again in the large addition to the membership, more than one thousand. It would seem very fitting under the circumstances to con- tinue him in his office, to share the work for another year. Dr. Lowe: It affords me delight, great delight, to second the nomi- nation of Major L. A. Merillat; and while I realize, Sir, and fellow col- leagues, that it is proper for us ‘to make as many nominations as we like for one particular office, it would, at the same time, be a very fitting tribute to our distinguished brother, Major Merillat, in France, if we made no other nomination, and made his nomination unanimous; and I hope this thought of miné Will meet with approval, and that no one is nominated against Dr. Merrilat, and that his nomination may be made unanimous. Dr. Dunphy: I don’t agree with my friend, the late speaker, whom I am intimatley acquainted with. I believe competition is the life of trade. I want to suggest the name of a man for Secretary who needs no introduction to this Association. You all know his record. He took this Association when it was small in number and heavily in debt, and he was Secretary of this Association for five years; and he left with the number of members of the Association doubled and the Association out of debt, in fact, with a surplus on hand. I wish to present the name of Dr. R. P. Lyman. Dr. Way: Gentlemen, may I place the name, for Secretary, before you of a man who needs no introduction, a man who has served as Secretary of this Association on previous occasions, a man whose ability, whose energy, whose integrity is beyond question. He has been a man 450 PROCEEDINGS OF THE A. V. M. A. who championed the cause of higher education and better things for this Association and for our profession. We all love to honor, we all respect, and we all appreciate the service that the men in the army are doing; but at the same time it seems fitting, when so many problems confront us, that we should have a man located here who is on the job, and whose ability is beyond question. Dr. Mayo has recently contributed to the service of his country one of his sons; and it is with pleasure I present the name of Dr. Nelson S. Mayo. : Dr. Ward: I wish to second Dr. Mayo’s nomination, and want to say that I do so for the reason that Mr. Merrilat is three thousand miles from here, and I think it would be a shame to put upon him the re- sponsibilities which he is unable now to assume. I am satisfied the Association will later, after the war, show our appreciation of his work. Dr. Lang: I wish to second the nomination of Dr. Lyman, of Detroit. A Member: I move the nominations be closed. President Torrance: A ballot will be held upon the three names submitted: L. A. Merrilat, R. P. Lyman and N. S. Mayo; and I will appoint as tellers Dr. Kinsley, Dr. Murphey and Dr. Connaway. President Torrance: I have to announce at this time the result of the ballot: for President. The tellers report that there were two hundred and eighty-four votes cast, of which one hundred and eighty-four were cast for Dr. Moore, and one hundred for Dr. Cary. Dr. Cary: I want to move that this election be made unanimous, and I want to say this: that if a Northern man must preside at New Orleans next year there is no man J would rather have in the Chair than Dr. Moore (Applause), and when you get there, we will give you a gin fizz (Applause), the only one made on the New Orleans plan (Laughter). President Torrance: We are now ready for nominations for Treas- urer. : Dr. Thomas E. Smith, of New Jersey: It has been my privilege to have considerable to do with the offiee of Treasurer during this past year, and as someone has said in the nomination of the other candi- dates, one of the requirements is efficiency in the office. I have found out that our present Treasurer, Dr. Schneider, was always one hundred per cent efficient, and I take great pleasure, therefore, in presenting his name for the office of Treasurer of the Association. Dr. Schneider: I would like to withdraw my name at this time as a candidate for the office of Treasurer, and would like to present the name of Dr. Jacob, of Tennessee; and if I am not out of order, I would like to make this selection unanimous. Dr. Dalrymple: It gives me pleasure to second the nomination of Dr. Jacob, of Tennessee. President Torrance: Dr. Smith, do you accept the motion of Dr. Schneider that his name be withdrawn? Dr. Smith: I do, under the circumstances, yes. President Torrance: Dr. Schneider having withdrawn his name from the nominations there remains only one nomination. (It is moved and seconded that the Secretary be instructed to cast the ballot for Dr. Jacob, of Tennessee, as Treasurer. On vote the motion was carried unanimously. PROCEEDINGS OF THE A. V. M. A. 451 Acting Secretary Day: According to the motion just passed, I hereby cast the ballot of this Association for: Dr. M. Jacob as Treasurer. (Ap- plause.) Dr. Dalrymple: I would like to make a remark while the tellers are counting the votes. I take pleasure and feel honored in representing the South in this matter, and extend a very cordial invitation in behalf of the South to the Association to meet in New Orleans in 1919. If you remember, the meeting was to be held there in 1914, and on account of the conditions of foot and mouth disease at that time the meeting was called off. We had made every arrangement to have it held there then, but owing to the conditions the meeting was skipped; and I therefore feel it was a deferred meeting. If your Committee should decide to go to New Orleans I am very sure you will be treated nicely, and those who have not been there before will be treated to the unique sights of old New Orleans. Therefore I take pleasure in extending a cordial invi- tation to meet in New Orleans in 1919. (Applause.) Dr. Cooley: There having been an invitation sent by the Chamber of Commerce of Cleveland, and I representing that district of Ohio in which Cleveland lies, I stated to the Chamber of Commerce that I would with- draw that invitation in favor of New Orleans. (Applause.) Dr. Moore: I believe the Constitution permits us at this time to settle the time and place of next meeting. Therefore I move you that we hold the next meeting at New Orleans. (Motion seconded.) President Torrance: I always understood that the place of next meeting was settled by the Executive Board. Dr. Moore: If not otherwise provided. Dr. Mayo: I want to say to the members here that I am heartily in favor of New Orleans so far as one can judge at the present time. I have stopped many times in that wonderful old city. I even had one of the gin fizzes and I feel they are worth going to New Orleans to get. But it seems to me that under the conditions that prevail at the present time, war conditions, that none of us can foretell what the future will bring forth—I feel that this matter ought to be referred to the Executive Board for final action, knowing as they do the sentiment of the Asso- ciation, and I believe they will give that the most careful consideration. But I can’t help feel—I want to tell Dr. Cary and Dr. Dalrymple and all that bunch that I am for them, but I feel we should not take action now that might seriously embarrass us a little later. I therefore move that this Association refer this matter to the Executive Board with a recommendation in favor of New Orleans. Dr. Cary: Is there a motion before the house? President Torrance: Yes. Dr. Cary: What is the motion? oy Dr. Torrance: To hold the meeting in New Orleans, and there is an amendment to that, that the matter be referred to the Executive Board. Dr. Mayo: With a recommendation of this Association in favor of New Orleans. Dr. Cary: I will second the motion of Dr. Mayo, and leave it to the Executive Board. We are willing to stand by the Executive Board. 452 PROCEEDINGS OF THE A. V. M. A. Dr. Moore: With the consent of my seconds I will accept that amendment, and withdraw my original motion. President Torrance: There is, therefore, only the one motion before the Association: that the matter be referred to the Executive Board with the recommendation of New Orleans. (The motion was put to a vote and carried unanimously.) Dr. Dalrymple: I would like to add that there is a probability at . the pesent time that we may get transportation rates down to one cent a mile for that meeting. I was in Texas last month, and found they were getting a rate of one cent a mile to attend their State meeting. I think we can do that next year if we try for it. (Applause.) Dr. Ward: I move that the Secretary be instructed to take the matter up with the view of obtaining reduced fares for the next annual meeting. (The motion was seconded.) President Torrance: It has been moved and seconded that the Sec- retary take up the question of obtaining reduced railway fares for members attending the next annual convention. (On vote the motion was carried unanimously.) President Torrance: The tellers have announced the result of the election for Secretary, as follows: Total number of votes cast, 256; necessary to elect, 129; Dr. Mayo, 163; Dr. Merillat, 76; Dr. Lyman, 17. (Applause.) President Torrance: I have just received the result of the vote for Vice Presidents. The following five are elected, in order of the majority of votes they obtained: Dr. Eichhorn, 191; Dr. Cox, 161; Dr. Hart, 158; Dr. Smith, 129; Dr. Hollingsworth, 115. (Applause.) On motion, the meeting adjourned to 6:15 p. m. MORNING SESSION, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 21, 1918. The meeting was called to order by President Torrance at 10:15 a. m., as follows: President Torrance: We will resume the business of the Convention by calling on the Secretary to make some announcements. Acting Secretary Day: I am requested to announce to you that the banquet tickets are still on sale, and that the Committee will be very glad if all of you who wish to will secure your banquet tickets early, © as they desire to know how many will attend. President Torrance: I was instructed at the meeting yesterday to appoint a committee on the Liautard Memorial. I now beg to announce the following committee: Dr. Robert W. Ellis, Chairman; Dr. W. H. Hoskins, Dr. W. H. Dalrymple, Dr. W. H. Lowe and Dr. S. Brenton, witn power to add to their number. PROCEEDINGS OF THE A. V. M. A. 453 Dr. W. H. Hoskins: Are we to reconvene at 1:30? President Torrance: We are supposed to reconvene at 1:30. Dr. Hoskins: I move that we do reconvene at 1:30, and that we now adjourn. (The motion was seconded by Dr. Kinsley, and, on vote, carried unanimously, the meeting adjourning at 12:35 p. m. AFTERNOON SESSION, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 21, 1918 The meeting was called to order by President Torrance at 2 p. m. President Torrance: We have just received a cablegram from over- seas as follows: “Greetings from over here.” It is signed, ‘‘Merillat, McKillip, Blattenburg, Hilty.’’ President Torrance: We have a few belated members who have come in and passed the Secretary of the Executive Board and are asking for re-election. If you will permit, we will now take up these members, and if you approve, we will put them on the list. (Acting Secretary Day reads part of the names.) Dr. E. L. Quitman: Inasmuch as all have passed the Executive Board, can’t the Secretary simply read the name of the applicant and let it go at that? President Torrance: If there is no objection, that will be done, omitting the names of the vouchers, the name of the college and the place of residence. Dr. Quitman: I move that the rules be suspended and that these applicants be elected to membership. (The motion was seconded.) Dr. Dunphy: Inasmuch as there is an application there that has only one signature, I would like to ask the Secretary whether this gentleman is in the room? Acting Secretary Day: Yes. Dr. Dunphy: _I would move that inasmuch as there is no member here from Indiana, the President be permitted to endorse his application in lieu of the other voucher. President Torrance: We will have to delay that motion. The motion before the house does not apply to this one case, but to all the others. All in favor of Dr. Quitman’s motion, that the rules be suspended and these applicants be elected to membership, signify the same by saying “aye”; opposed, “no.” The ayes have it, and the motion is carried. It has been moved and seconded that the application of _ William A. 454 PROCEEDINGS OF THE A. V. M. A. Martin, having but one voucher, be signed by the President in lieu of the other voucher. All those in favor, signify by saying “aye”; op- posed, ‘‘no.” The ayes have it, and the motion is carried. The Secre- tary will cast the ballot electing these applicants to membership. Acting Secretary Day: I hereby cast the ballot of the Association electing these gentlemen to membership in our Association. (On motion, the meeting adjourned at 5:48 p. m.) MORNING SESSION, THURSDAY, AUGUST 22, 1918. The meeting was called to order by President Torrance at 9:45 a. m. The first order of business was the reading of the report of the Legislative Committee by the Chairman, Dr. W. Horace Hoskins. (See November Journal.) (On motion, duly seconded and carried, the report was received and ordered to be spread upon the minutes.) Dr. W. Horace Hoskins: I move that the suggestion contained in the report of the Legislative Committee, to change the Constitution and By-laws creating another section of the Association, to be known as the Section of Bureau of Animal Industry Employees, be adopted as a notice of amendment to the Constitution, to be acted on at the next annual meeting of the Association. (The motion was seconded and, on vote, carried unanimously.) President Torrance: Our next order of business will be the presenta- tion of the report of the Salmon Memorial Fund Committee. This report will be read by the Chairman of the Committee, Dr. W. Horace Hoskins. (On motion, the report was accepted and the Committee requested to continue.) (Dr. W. Horace Hoskins then proposed to change the name of the Salmon Memorial Fund, adding thereto the name of Dr. A. D. Melvin, making the proposed name “The Salmon-'Melvin Memorial Fund.” (Dr. Newsom spoke in opposition to this plan, inasmuch as he thought it would be exceedingly cumbersome, or would become so, in view of the fact that prominent members of the Association would die and the Association might wish to add their names to the title of this fund.) Dr. Winchester: Dr. Salmon was a man whose foresight was so far beyond that of most of our practitioners that he stood away up out of sight. I was not the first individual who suggested some memorial, but certainly the Massachusetts Veterinary Association was the first one to recognize the efficiency of Dr. Salmon, and we raised money to erect a monument, but after considering the monument, those further advanced than I am saw that a monument would be moss-covered and you would not be able to see the inscription bye and bye, and perhaps would be put in some obscure place where very few would ever see it. So, with the suggestion of Dr. Hoskins, it was decided to make it a memorial relief fund, and the moneys that were contributed for that monument came to me personally and were returned, throughout the western states; PROCEEDINGS OF THE A. V. M. A. 455 I don’t know just how much it was, but something like $100; and I re- turned that to the subscribers throughout the west and middle west, telling them that the thing had changed its physical characteristics and we déd not want to take their money under false pretenses; but if they felt like it we would be very glad to have their money returned, not for a ‘Salmon memorial monument but for a Salmon memorial fund. Of course, others must die—you and I—we don’t know when. Of course, a good many of the young men do not know much about this movement. The reason the younger men do not know it is because they are too busy with their practice. Dr. Way: I want to heartily endorse what Dr. Winchester has said. Iam one of the younger men who unfortunately did not know Dr. Salmon very well. It seems to me that in creating a Salmon Memorial Fund, this fund was created for a specific purpose, as a memorial to Dr. Salmon. Now, we all love, respect and revere the memory of Dr. Melvin. He was one of our leading lights. But it seems to me that to change the purpose or the original intent of the Salmon Memorial Fund would be to deviate from a custom that many of the men who subscribed to this fund may not approve of. I would be delighted to see a Melvin memorial, but I do think we should leave the Salmon memorial as it is, as a memorial to the great man for whom it was originally started. President Torrance: Are you ready for the question? It has been moved that the name of the Salmon Memorial Fund be changed to “The Salmon-Melvin Memorial Fund.” Dr. W. Horace Hoskins: I would like to offer an amendment, that this lay over for one year. The suggestion was made to me from several sources, coupled with the information; and I thought I ought to bring it before you, but I now think that this matter should be laid over for one year. (The amendment was seconded by Dr. Kinsley.) President Torrance: The amendment is that the matter should be laid over for one year. Those in favor of the amendment say aye; con- trary,.no. The amendment is carried. We will now ask for the report of the Committee on Intelligence and Education. Dr. Dunphy: The Committee has just completed its report, and I have requested the Secretary, Dr. Cassius Way, of New York, to read the report to the Association. Dr. Cassius Way: (See October Journal.) Dr. V. A. Moore: I do not wish to be critical, but there were two or three terms used that I think were either misspoken or written in- advertently; one was in regard to the entrance requirements, as to the units. Units are very different from credits. Dr. Way: The term was seven credits, and in parentheses the word “units.” It reads as follows: “At least two years of high school edu- cation of at least seven credits (units) or their equivalent.” Dr. Moore: Referring to the colleges, what were the words used? Dr. Way: “One of the colleges at least was visited by the Commit- tee, and their work was carefully investigated.” : 456 PROCEEDINGS OF THE A. Y. M. A. Dr. Moore: One other: In the report it spoke of “The Executive Committee,’ using the word “committee” instead of the word Board.” Dr. Way: That shall be corrected. : Dr. Dunphy: I might say, in explanation to Dr. Moore’s exceptions there, and what he said in regard to the Dominion of Canada, that we could only act for the Dominion of Canada in regard to the American Veterinary Medical Association. The War Department did not take that up at all, and the Civil Service Commission have not had the Ontario Veterinary College on their accredited list for a number of years, owing to the fact that the principal of that institution objected to having an examination of the school made. Now, I took this matter up with Dr. Grange, the principal of the institution at the time, and re- quested him to appeal to the Secretary of Agriculture, or to the Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry, and offer a chance to have that school investigated and put on the list. After a whole day’s argument and appeal to Dr. Grange he agreed to do this. I have talked to Dr. Mohler, the Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry, at Washington, and he had assured me that he would be well pleased to inspect that college and recommend it for the accredited list; but I have learned from the Chief of the Bureau, Dr. Mohler, since I came here, that Dr. Grange had only taken this up as a personal matter, in a personal letter. Consequently, the Bureau of Animal Industry have had no chance as yet to act; and I sincerely hope that the change in the standing of the Ontario Veterinary College will come about in a few months. (Applause.) Dr. Ernst: As to the terms of affiliation, or, rather, of that report in connection with the affiliation of the two colleges in Washington, in the absence of an affiliation both are discredited. An affiliaton oc- curring, will the affiliated institutions be accredited for the ensuing year? Is that the sense of the report, although they still remain dis- credited for the term 1919? Dr. Way: The sense of the Committee, Mr. President, is that if an amalgamation can be brought about in Washington of these two veter- inary colleges, it will be a benefit for all parties concerned; and if an affiliation is brought about, of course, the amalmagated colleges must meet the requirements of the American Veterinary Medical Association as soon as possible. Your Committee will be ready at all times to make an investigation and look over the work that is being carried on, but to be accredited the amalgamated colleges must of course meet the re- quirements of the American Veterinary Medical Association. If they do, then it is the sense of the Committee that they shall be accredited for the coming year. j Dr. Kinsley: That is the very point I wanted some information on. It seems to me to be just a little unusual for a body of this kind to recommend that two separate, distinct institutions be amalgamated. I believe if this is desired it should be put in other wording. Most of us do not realize whether such a thing is possible. If this recommenda- tion would apply to some locations perhaps it would not be safe tu venture into that community for some time; that is, for the committee. Dr. Dunphy: I might say in answer to Dr. Kinsley that we have had the representatives and Deans of both of these colleges before us. They PROCEEDINGS OF THE A. V. M. A. 457 are both anxious that this matter should be brought about. They are both aware of the condition that exists at each college; they are both anxious to make one good school of these two colleges; and we have a perfect understanding with these two Deans. Situated as the Committee now is, we have Dr. Kiernan in Wash- ington, we have Dr. Way in New York—two members of the Committee that can meet in Washington at any time and go over the status of these two amalgamated colleges, and, provided they find the colleges can come up to the requirements, they will recommend them, and we will take care of them next year. I might say we have had a perfect under- standing with these Deans. Dr. Mayo: Mr. President, has a motion been made to accept or adopt the report of the Committee? Dr. W. Horace Hoskins: Receive the report. Dr. Mayo: I make such a motion. (The motion was seconded, and, on vote, carried unanimously.) President Torrance: What Committee is ready to report now? Dr. Way: I have the names of two proposed honorary members, but before that I would like to make a report in reference to the Committee on Intelligence and Education, as follows: “That the recommendation of the Committee pertaining to the entrance requirements in veterinary colleges for 191£ be referred to the Executive Board with the request for immediate action.” Dr. Dunphy: I take pleasure in supporting that motion, Mr. Presi- dent. : President Torrance: Are you ready for the question? (Question.) All in favor of the motion will signify by saying aye; opposed, no. The motion is carried. Dr. Way: Mr. President, I would like to make another motion, ‘‘That the recommendation of the Committee on Intelligence and Education with reference to a special committee to compile a history of veterinary science be adopted.” Dr. Hoskins: I move it be referred to the Executive Board. This is a matter involving some expense, and we will have to take that up in connection with the Budget Committee. Dr. Murphey: I don’t think there is any need to do that. The Asso- ciation took action at the fiftieth meeting, in New York, to appoint a committee. Dr. Hughes was chairman of that committee, and the work: he started and attempted was largely lost. The committee that con- tinued that gave a very different report, as published in the proceedings of the Association, from that contemplated and begun by Dr. D. Arthur Hughes; and it seems to me the Association can take charge of that without referring it to the Executive Board, for a considerable part of that work will not be finished for a number of years. Men still living can recall incidents that occurred during the past fifty years, or know the men personally who were the original workers in veterinary science and educational work and control work and prac- tice. Dr. Hoskins: If there is already authority on the record, I withdraw my motion. 458 PROCEEDINGS OF THE A. V. M. A. President Torrance: I would like a little more information on this. Dr. Murphey gives me the impression there is such a committee in existence, although it has not been doing anything. It may be the committee has passed out of existence from inactivity; and I think it would be wise for this Association to give expression to some opinion as to whether it considers this object of sufficient importance to have a committee which will have some activity about it. It is hardly fair, I think, to the incoming President to ask him to carry out an intention expressed so long ago as the New York meeting, and which has been in abeyance ever since. Dr. Way: May I say just a word? I don’t want to take up all the time in reference to this report, but the original committee which was appointed to compile a history of veterinary education, a history of ' veterinary science in America, was headed by D. Arthur Hughes, and he was a very energetic and very active man in such work. The request comes at this time from our good friend, Dr. Moore,-from St. Joe, that the work that that committee did should be assembled if possible and completed by some competent men, by men who are competent to write a history that will be of interest; and if we can resumé the notes of the previous work done and compile it in a way attractive to the members, and especially to some of us new members, I think Dr. Moore’s suggestion is an admirable one. Dr. Murphey: TI believe since the time Dr. Hughes’ committee was appointed—I don’t know personally, but Dr. Lowe was secretary of the committee, and has published a considerable amount of the material. No report was published of the original committee. Dr. Moore: I think I was a member of the committee, and I think Dr. Hughes was a member of the second committee and I think that Dr. Hughes and I corresponded a good deal about the matter, before his- death; and if my memory serves me right there was never any com- mittee appointed after Dr. Hughes’ death, and Dr. Lowe did submit a report of some kind, or rather a letter, to the President. Dr. Cotton, who was President at the time, called my attention to it at a meeting; and I don’t beleive it was ever submitted, because it was not in the form of a report, but rather in the form of suggestions to the President; and perhaps Dr. Cotton can give us some information on that, or, it may be in the files of the Secretary; but I don’t believe anything was ever published along that line—that I am aware,of, at any rate. Dr. D. M. Campbell: I believe Dr. Way’s motion was not seconded. I should like to second it. President Torrance: I now understand that the previous committee is out of existence, and the present motion in order. It has been moved by Dr. Way, and seconded by Dr. Campbell, that a committee on the History of the Profession be appointed. All in favor signify by saying aye; contrary, no. The motion is carried. Dr. Way: The Committee on Intelligence and Education have drawn up the following: “We, the undersigned, hereby propose the name of Mr. E. S. Bayard, Editor of the National Stockman and Farmer, of Pittsburgh, Pa., for honorary membership in this Association. Mr. Bay- ard is one of the leading animal husbandry men in this country, and is a PROCEEDINGS OF THE A. Y. M. A. 459 member of the Board of Trustees of the New York State College, and editor of one of the leading magazines pertaining to the industry. I move that the recommendation of the committee be adopted, elect- ing Mr. E. S. Bayard to honorary membership in the Association. (The motion was seconded by Dr. Campbell, and, on vote, carried unanimously.) Dr. Way: Mr. President, the Committee on Intelligence and Educa- tion have approved and submit the following: “We, the undersigned, hereby propose the name of John J. Ferguson, of Chicago, for honorary membership in the Association.” Mr. President, I move the election of Mr. Ferguson to honorary membership. (The motion was seconded by Dr. Campbell, and, on vote, carried unanimously.) President Torrance: What other committee is ready to report? Dr. V. A. Moore: I should like to make a report of the Committee on Tuberculosis. Dr. Rutherford stated he could not be here, and he asked me to make a report for the committee. It is obvious, on such short notice, that the committee is unable to make a formal report other than to call the attention of the Association to the fact that in a good many places in this country work is being done—some of it outstanding in its results or ready for report, but one thing the Committee feels should be recorded as a step in advance, as taking place in this country, is the accredited herd system. We believe that it stands out preéminently as the greatest advance in the control of bovine tuberculosis. Dr. Dalrymple: There is a committee that has been left off the pro- gram. Dr. Smith is here, I believe President Torrance: Excuse me, Dr. Dalrymple, but I think we will have to get along with one thing at a time. We have just received the report of the Committee on Tuberculosis. What is your pleasure? (It was moved by Dr. W. H. Hoskins and seconded by Dr. Mayo that the report be received. On vote the motion was carried unani- mously.) Dr. Smith: Mr. President, as Secretary and Treasurer for the Vet- erinary Relief Fund I propose to submit a list of the subscribers up to date. The Treasurer has reported in his published report what was deposited, but since that was printed I find that I deposited a little more money with him. At the present time we have $5,174.94 to the credit of this committee, and it is made up of 274 subscribers. The list is here and no doubt it will become a part of the proceedings of this meeting. In making this report I want to thank the different secretaries of the different associations throughout the country who aided so mate- rially in the collecting of this money. In the books being turned over to me I find a little difficulty in get- ting the proper names and the locations of the pledges that were made. We had to take our report from the stenographer, and in this list it may appear that some of the names are misspelt because there were times when I was not quite able to decipher the different signatures. But I did the best I could along that line—and in other cases secre- 460 PROCEEDINGS OF THE A. V. M. A. taries sent in the contribution and the pledge'for the Association in one check; but as far as possible, where I could, I gave the individual sub- scriber credit for the amount that he subscribed to this fund. (See November Journal.) : Dr. Dalrymple: Mr. President, as a member of the Committee, it seems to me we have in the treasury over $5,000, and it seems there are people over there who need the money—our confreres on the conti- nent of Europe. I have a letter from Dr. Vallee, President of the Anglo-Franco-Bel- gian Veterinary Relief Fund, and I have a rather free translation of part of his letter, which I think will interest you, and I will read these few notes: He writes that there are 589 French veterinarians who have had their homes destroyed and their practices ruined. He believes that 400 will have recourse to the Fund. Most of them will not need help until peace is declared, as they are in the army; but they will need help in establishing their practices. At present the Committee over there has about $7,000. It spent nearly $2,000 to repatriate veterinarians and their families captured by the Germans. They are spending about $100 a month, and funds are becoming quite strained. The Committee are receiving almost nothing, and when the time for distributions comes they will have only about $4,000, which leaves about $100 per month for each French veterinarian. Professor Vallee advises that the Com- mittee can hardly expect any aid from over there. I believe the appeal is much stronger than that. They need money, and I believe we ought to do something to help the Committee along. I believe that no money has been sent over—and we are a part of that, not only looking after our own men and their families, but we are supposed to assist those poor fellows across the water. Now, another suggestion. I think all of us know that Dr. Liautard was the originator of this Fund over there, and I think it would be a splendid tribute to his memory to distinguish our Fund from the Anglo-Franco-Belgian Fund, and to call it the “Liautard Relief Fund,’ to perpetuate his name in this Fund, as he was the originator of it. TIT see those two things in the letter of Dr. Vallee—that they are get- ting strained in funds, and will be glad to accept any aid offered. I just- bring that before the Association as a suggestion, that something ought to be done to send them something over there to help them out. Dr. W. H. Hoskins: I would like to ask if the Committee has any amount in their mind to recommend. . Dr. Dalrymple: No, I believe not. A Member: I move that half of our fund be given to the Liautard- American Relief Fund. (The motion was seconded.) A Member: I would like to ask if any of the families of American veterinarians in France are now in distress. Dr. Smith: In answer to that I would say, no. There has been a little relief passed out to some of the families that were temporarily embarrassed, but up to this meeting we did not have any way in which to distribute this money or take it from this Fund; but I understand the Executive Board has made it possible to allow the disbursing officer @ PROCEEVINGS OF THE A. V. M. A. 461 to take care of such emergencies that arise. But the principal relief passed out was that some of our men going from the cantonment and getting a quick order to, sail over, found themselves embarrassed, and just wanted a little money to go over; and that has been taken care of through private sources. A Member: I also want to ask whether the collectors of that Fund in each separate State are still in office, or whether we should send it to the Treasurer. Dr. Smith: That is for this meeting to decide, whether they wish to continue this Committee or not; but up to today I have been receiving whatever money was offered to me, and, unless the Association rules differently I- will continue to take all money that comes my way, and deposit it through this Committee. A Member: Through the very able efforts of Major Turner and his wife in Washington quite a sum was collected, and I believe she told me before she went home that she made a report, but inasmuch as one gentleman suggested that we send every penny of our Fund and inasmuch as in the near future our own men and their families will be needing more money, it seems to me the Committee should be made permanent, and the state secretaries should be made permanent, for the period of the war at least. Five thousand dollars seems a very small sum indeed for the work in hand. Dr. Winchester: I seconded Dr. White’s motion to go fifty-fifty with this fund, but I don’t know who has the distribution of it. I don’t know what organization or what body of men in this organization has power to distribute. Dr. Smith says he will take all he can get. I don’t blame him, but he will have to keep it; he has no right to dispense it. I think it advisable to find out who is responsible for the distribu- tion, and by what authority they can distribute. Dr. Mayo: In order to get this started off right I move that the report of the Committee be accepted and the Committee continued. (Motion seconded by Dr. Hoskins.) President Torrance: There is already a motion before the house, but as the motion of Dr. Mayo naturally takes precedence of it, with the consent of the assemblage I will put that motion first, that the Committee report be accepted and the Committee continued. (President Torrance put the motion to vote, and it was carried unanimously.) Dr. Hoskins: I don’t know whether Dr. Winchester was in the room at the time, but the Executive Board made a recommendation that $500 be in hand as a revolving fund to meet these emergencies of any one needing temporary aid. That has been passed. Now it is in the province of the Association to decide as to what shall be done with this fund, so that the motion that we send one-half of this fund over there, to the Fund on that side, as indicated by Dr. _ Dalrymple, is to my mind thoroughly in order. Dr. Mayo: I fully agree with these suggestions and recommendations made. I think, however, that this motion ought to refer the matter to the Executive Board with power to act, and with the recommendation that half of this Fund be sent to the Anglo-Franco-Belgian Relief Com- 462 PROCEEDINGS OF THE A. V. M. A. mittee. We will,have to change the name to the Liautard Relief Fund later on, it seems to me, between this meeting and a later meeting, to decide. There may be emergencies come up that need prompt action, and that will have to be referred to the Executive Board. (The motion was seconded.) President Torrance: It is moved that the available funds of the Veterinary Relief Fund be appropriated and sent to the Anglo-Franco- Belgian Relief Fund in the hands of Dr. Vallee. It is moved that the matter be referred to the Executive Board with power to act, with the recommendation that half of this fund be sent to the Anglo-Franco- Belgian Relief Fund. I will put the amendment first. (On vote, the amendment was carried unanimously.) President Torrance: The amendment is carried. Dr. Mayo: I move that this fund be called “The Liautard-American Relief Fund.” (Motion seconded.) Dr. Quitman: I don’t want to appear in the light of detracting any from the works and glories of Professor Liautard. While I am not a very old man, I had the pleasure of knowing him slightly, listening to his lectures, and attending clinics, although not actually an attendant at his college. However, we have had and will have an opportunity to honor the name of Professor Liautard in many ways. I believe this Fund should be known as “The American Fund” or “The American Vet- erinarians’ Fund.” I don’t believe in too many hyphenated names. The money is being gathered here. We are going to add to this Fund from time to time, and I personally would like to see that remain as “The American Veterinarians’ Fund” or some similar name. I am not desig- nating an absolute name. We are honoring Liautard in other ways, and I don’t believe we should be entirely led away by the spirit of senti- ment. Let us think it over. President Torrance: It has been moved and seconded that the name of the Veterinary Relief Fund be changed to “The Liautard-American Veterinary Relief Fund.’ Are you ready for the question? (Question.) All in favor signify by saying “aye”; contrary, “no.” The ayes have it, and the motion is carried. Dr. Dalrymple: I might mention that I hope the name “American” there will save confusion between that and the Liautard Fund on the other side. President Torrance: We will now have the report of the Committes on Resolutions. Dr. Stange: Mr. President, Dr. Reichel has asked me to present these resolutions to the Association. (See November Journal.) DISCUSSION ON RESOLUTIONS CONCERNING BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. Dr. Mayo: In this resolution, and also in the one preceding, there is no reference to Canada, and I think that the sentiment of both of these resolutions ought to be equally applicable, and that copies should be sent to the corresponding officials in the Canadian Government. President Torrance: Is there any further discussion? As a Canadian I am glad to hear the kind remarks of my friend Dr. Mayo, and I take it PROCEEDINGS OF THE A. V. M. A. 463 as an indication that the expression of feeling contained in the resolu- tion applies equally to Canada as to the United States. Dr. Kinsley: Do I understand that to be incorporated in these? President Torrance: No, it does not mean that. Dr. Kinsley: Well, I second the motion. Dr. Mayo: I think we had better pass this, and then make a sep- arate motion afterwards to cover the matter. President Torrance: Are you ready for the question? All in favor of the adoption of this resolution signify by saying “aye’’; contrary, “no.” The motion is carried. Dr. Mayo: Now, Mr. President, I will put my suggestion in the form of a motion, that these resolutions, properly prepared—I mean to say the necessary change in the wording—copies of these resolutions be sent to the Canadian authorities having charge of the similar work in that country. : (The motion was seconded by Dr. Way.) President Torrance: It has been moved and seconded that copies of these resolutions, with the necessary change in wording, be sent to the Canadian authorities. All in favor signify by saying ‘“aye’’; con- trary, “no.’’ The motion is carried. Dr. Campbell: I move that the report of the Committee on Resolu- tions be adopted as a whole, and the Committee discharged. Dr. Quitman: Reference was made to the Saddle and Sirloin Club. No reference was made to its location, which should be done, I think. President Torrance: That is a minor matter. That can be inserted. (Dr. Campbell’s motion was seconded by Dr. Kinsley, and, on vote, earried unanimously.) President Torrance: The next report is that of the Audit Committee. Has the Audit Committee any report to present? Dr. Day will read the report in the absence of Dr. Cooley. ‘Acting Secretary Day: “The Audit Committee respectfully submit the following repcrit: We find the Treasurer’s report as submitted to be correct, after going over same and checking each deposit made and each expenditure item in the several funds, namely: American Veterinary Medical Association Fund, Journal Fund, Relief Fund.” Dr. Mayo: 1 move that the report be accepted and the Committee discharged. : (The motion was seconded by Dr. Quitman, and, on vote, carried unanimously.) President Torrance: The report of the Budget Committee. Is that report ready? (The report of the Budget Committee was not at hand.) President Torrance: The report of the Committee on Necrology. Is that report ready? (No report is at hand at this time.) President Torrance: The report on “Army Veterinary Service.” (No report is ready at this time.) President Torrance: We will take up the report of the Committee on Anatomical Nomenclature. 464 PROCEEDINGS OF THE A. V. M. A. The report of the Committee on Veterinary Anatomical Nomenclature was read by the Chairman, Dr. H. S. Murphey. (See November Journal.) Dr. Mayo: I move that the report of the Committee be received and the Committee continued. (The motion was seconded by Dr. Quitman, and, on vote, carried unanimously.) President Torrance: That brings us to the end of the reports of the committees; and I would ask our Secretary if he has any other business to be presented at this time. Dr. Mayo: I have some new business I would like to present to the Association. President Torrance: Dr. Mayo. Dr. Mayo: ‘The rapid growth of this Association necessitates a cor- responding increase in the expenses in connection with the annual meeting; therefore, I move that all the necessary expenses incurred in connection with the annual meetings of this Association, such as the expenses for halls, for the general and sectional sessions and for com- mittee and officers’ meeting rooms, the printing of programs, and pro- viding of proper facilities for carrying out the program, be paid by this Association. Dr. Hoskins: I would like to second that, and have it referred to the Executive Board, for the reason that the cost of carrying on these meetings is becoming a tremendous problem for many locations, and it makes locations hesitate to invite us, because there has to be a very large sum of money raised by the local committee on arrangements, in the convention city; and I think that prevents our going into sections of the country where I think we might be very helpful. It is becoming a very serious matter, and I think we ought to call a halt on the burden being placed on those in the city at which the convention is held. President Torrance: Could not that go over for a year? Dr. Hoskins: I am simply speaking in favor of the resolution. President Torrance: The Executive Board to report to this meet- ing right here? Dr. Hoskins: Yes. Dr. Mayo: ‘This does not require a change in the Constitution and By-laws; and therefore it does not need to go over until next year for action. It is simply doing away with the custom that has been ob- served in this Association for a number of yeats, and it is made for the very object which Dr. Hoskins has so ably stated. The Association has grown so tremedously in the last two years that it is neither right nor proper that this burden, which is strictly a busi- ness proposition of this Association, should be borne by the local veter- inarians. (On vote, the motion was carried unanimously.) Dr. Cary: “I move that the incoming President be instructed to ap- point a committee of three, to be known as the Publicity Committee, to see that the notices and reports put in the papers are correct, and also to see that we get some notice. You will note the absence of news in the Philadelphia papers, and what:has been put in has been erroneous. I believe we are losing a certain amount of educational value by not PROCEEDINGS OF THE A. V. M. A. 465 having notices appear in the papers, and this committee of three, to be appointed by the incoming President, is to look after this for the coming year. I think it ought to be made up of some of the men in the immedi- ate vicinity, who would have influence with the papers. Dr. Moore: I wish to second that motion. I believe we should have a committee to look after the daily press. That is one thing that has been sadly overlooked, not only in the proceedings of our national asso- ciations but also in the proceedings of the state associations. What is everybody’s business is usually no one’s business, and we have not had the kind of publicity we should have in our daily press. Dr. Kinsley: I should like to ask if this simply refers to the time the Association is in session. Dr, Cary: Yes. Dr. Kinsley: I should like to support that motion, but if we have a committee to act throughout the year, it is likely to get us in trouble. I would amend that motion to read that the committee is to act only while the convention is in session. (The amendment is accepted by Dr. Cary.) Dr. Mohler: I should like to say that I saw column after column of matter prepared by the Publicity Committee for the local press—that is, sent to the city editors—and no publicity committee can force city editors to publish news on a meeting of this kind when there is so much war news they can get. I don’t want this to go out as a reflection on the Committee on Publicity. Dr. Campbell: I should like to say the same thing as what Dr. Mohler has said in regard to the committee of last year and the year before. I know they both made sincere efforts to get notices published in the daily press. I should support that except that the words “daily press’”’ should be removed from that, or, at least, that the “farm press” be included in that. I know something about the conditions of the daily press. There would be great value by getting this in the farm press or live stock press. We cannot send this material to the city editors with much chance of getting it through, but in regard to the live stock editors, who have been invited to come to our meetings—if they cannot come and we send them a report later on, they feel much more like using it than if they never had any consideration at all. I think the committee will have lots of space given them in the live stock and farm press, but not in the daily press. Dr. Hosking: Cannot this be left to local men? It might be a de- batable question as to whether the committee is at fault or the fellow who works the scissors. President Torrance: It has been moved by Dr. Cary and seconded by Dr. Mohler that the incoming President be instructed to appoint a com- mittee of three on publicity, in connection with the next meeting of the Association. ; The viva voce vote being inconclusive, a show of hands is asked for by President Torrance. On the vote by the raising of hands the motion is defeated. 466 PROCEEDINGS OF THE A. V. M. A. Dr. Mayo: From a business point of view it is important that we look into the future as far as we can with our present knowledge; and the business feature of this Association is an important one, and grow- ing every year. The subect that I am about to present I present with - a great deal of trepidation for fear that my motives may be misunder- stood. I wish to assure you, however, that there is absolutely no selfish motive in this proposal that I shall make. The inference may be that Mayo is looking for a job. I want to say to you that I could not con- sider it at all; and there is another phase—well, I will read this first: This is a proposal to change the Constitution and By-laws with a view to combining the offices of Secretary and Editor of the Journal so that the Association may have a permanent business office where all the business activities of the Association will be carried on. It is somewhat, or practically, the same plan, except in a lesser degree, that is now carried out by the American Medical Association. In proposing these changes, it does not necessarily imply that they shall be made next year, but I make them now so that if the Association deems it wise a year from this time to put them into effect the opportunity will be there. If they do not see fit to do this, why, that is for the Association to decide. I mentioned myself particularly because I am pressing the resolution, but it might be equally embarrassing for whoever is elected to be Editor of the Journal for the coming year; and it seems to me, then, it will be a question that will have to be decided for next year, as the circumstances warrant. I am only providing for this contingency. The proposal to change the Constitution and By-laws is as follows: “Article V, Section 4, and Article 13 of the By-laws. Striking out the words ‘and the properties of the official journal office’ and inserting ‘The Secretary shall also be Editor and Business Manager of the official journal of the Association and shall per- form the usual duties of such position,’ and striking out the first paragraph of Article 13 of the By-laws. Also changing paragraph L, Section 7, Article V, by inserting the words in line 2 ‘Secretary, who shall also be Editor,’ and striking out the word ‘an,’” Dr. Campbell: I move that the communication be received and take the usual course, for consideration at our next meeting. (The motion was seconded by Dr. Dalrymple, and, on vote, carried unanimously.) President Torrance: Is there any report from the Executive Board? Acting Secretary Day: I have the name of one applicant here that has been favorably reported upon by the Executive Board: Dr. Joseph Alexander Allen, graduate of the University of Toronto and of the Ontario Veterinary College, 1916; vouched for by Dr. George Hilton and Dr. F. Torrance. Dr. Kinsley: I move that the rules be suspended and that this gentleman be elected to membership in the Association. (Motion seconded by Dr. Hoskins and, on vote, carried unanimously.) President Torrance: Has the Executive Board any report to be made this morning? It is necessary, I consider, that the Executive Board report to the Association as to the election of Editor and Manager for 2 i 4 £5 i A ae a a PROCEEDINGS OF THE A. V. M. A. 467 the Journal for the ensuing year. If it is not done at this meeting I don’t know when it can be done. Dr. W. Horace Hoskins: In order that the Association may go on with the program, I think your Executive Board can meet at this time and report later in the morning. President Torrance: We have a little business in the way of reports still to be presented. The report of the Committee on Necrology has not been presented yet. Is Dr. Cahill here? (No response.) Dr. Mayo: Do we know that that report will be presented here? President Torrance: No. Dr. Mayo: Can we not move that this report be presented to the - Executive Board, to take the usual course? President Torrance: Yes. Dr. Mayo: I make such a motion. (The motion is seconded.) President Torrance: It has been moved and seconded that this re- port be presented to the Executive Board, for such action as they see fit. (On vote, the motion was carried unanimously.) President Torrance: The Budget Committee desires to report through myself as Chairman that they have examined the finances of the Asso- ciation, and find them to be as reported, and in good condition. They recommend that $1,000 be appropriated for the use of the Committee on Legislation; and that the Treasurer be instructed to invest $3,000 of the funds of the Association in war bonds of the United States and $3,000 in war bonds of Canada. (It was moved ‘by Dr. Dalrymple and seconded by Dr. Mayo that the work of the Budget Committee be accepted. On vote, the motion was carried unanimously.) President Torrance: Now the Secretary has a further report from the Executive Board. Acting Secretary Day: The Executive Board recommend the follow- ing with reference to the Klein resolution, the resolution that was held over from last year: They recommend that the amendment to Section 4 of Article II of the By-laws should read as follows: “Except as provided for in Section 3, only those veterinarians may be elected to active membership who have been duly gradu- ated from an approved veterinary college maintaining a course of instruction extending over four collegiate years of not less than thirty-two weeks each and of not less than seventeen credit hours per week, beginning with the session of 1919-20.” Dr. W. H. Hoskins: I move that this recommendation by the Exec- utive Board be adopted. (The motion was seconded by Dr. Mayo.) President Torrance: The amendment to the Constitution was given notice of last year—it has been moved and seconded that it be adopted. This is a matter which should not be passed without some little consid- eration, as it involves a change which affects all the veterinary colleges in the United States and Canada. Are you ready for the question? (Question.) 468 PROCEEDINGS OF THE A. V. M. A. \ President Torrance: Dr. Mayo, didn’t you have something to say in regard to postponing action on this, a little While ago? Dr. Mayo: I would like to have that proposed change read once more, please. President Torrance: I understood that some member objected, be- cause the action by the United States Government in regard to veterin- ary education rather clashed with this proposed amendment—until the United States regulation had been tried out. That was my impression, but I forget who spoke of it. (Acting Secretary Day again reads the amendment recommended by the Executive Board.) Dr. Mayo: Mr. President, I really don’t understand this fully enough to feel qualified to vote on it at the present time. It seems to me that this matter is one that requires a knowledge of the status, or the prob- able status, of the regulations of the War Department and the Bureau of Animal Industry before we can—I don’t know in what respect it clashes with it, or whether it does clash with it. Dr. Stange: This is a change which is proposed to clarify the state- ments made in our Constitution and By-laws. It read something to the effect that we require four collegiate years of not less than seven months each. Well, now, a month sometimes means four weeks and sometimes it means something else. Here we have a definite state- ment of four years of thirty-two weeks each, which does not take effect this year but next year; and I think we can rest assured it is not going to clash with any regulations of the law. President Torrance: I would ask, if the recommendation is passed, whether it will have the scrutiny of the Executive Board? Dr. W. H. Hoskins: Yes. (The motion was put to vote and carried unanimously.) Acting Secretary Day: The Executive Board move to amend Section 5, Article II, ‘‘Beginning with the collegiate year of 1919-20 the matricu- lation requirement shall not be less than four years of high school work or equivalent studies taken in other preparatory schools, provided, that candidates for admission to approved veterinary schools who cannot present a satisfactory certificate from the proper official of the school or schools attended covering the required amount of preparatory work may be admitted upon passing satisfactory examinations approved by the proper state educational officers.” President Torrance: Gentlemen, you have heard the proposed amendment of the By-laws. Are you ready to vote on this? (It was moved and seconded that the above resolution, recommended by the Executive Board, be adopted as read. On vote, the motion was carried unanimously.) Acting Secretary Day: I also wish to state that the Executive Board recommend that Dr. Dalrymple be appointed Editor of the Journal. Is there any discussion? Are you ready for the question? (Question.) President Torrance: All in favor of accepting this recommendation of the Executive Board signify by saying aye; contrary, no. The ayes have it and the motion is carried. PROCEEDINGS OF THE A. V. M. A. 469 Acting Secretary Day: The Executive Board also recommend that the Treasurer of the Relief Fund send immediately a sum not to exceed $2,500 to Professor Vallee for the relief of needy veterinarians of our Allies. Dr. Murphey: It seems to me when I heard the discussion on this before that the suggestion might not be out of order in this respect, and that is that the ranking veterinary officer from the Dominion of Canada -and the ranking veterinary officer from the United States, in France, be appointed a committee to make a suitable presentation of this to Professor Valee, to properly represent the dignity of this Association. Dr. Hoskins: I second the recommendation. Dr. Mayo: I certainly think that an excellent suggestion, that this presentation be made through the ranking veterinary officer of the forces of the United States and Canada. Dr. V. A. Moore: I would heartily support that, but does the military situation over there allow this to be done immediately? It might be possible that they could not do this because they would be with detach- ments. It might cause delay. Dr. Mayo: Let us put it “if possible” or “if practicable.” President Torrance: It has been moved and seconded that the rec- ommendation of the Executive Board instructing the Treasurer of the Relief Fund to send immediately $2,500 to Professor Vallee for the im- mediate relief of veterinarians in the Allied territories suffering from the ravages of war, be concurred in; and if practicable the ranking officers of the American and Canadian armies be formally requested to make the presentation to Professor Vallee. Dr. Mayo: I understood that to mean the ranking veterinary of- ficers. President Torrance: The ranking veterinary officers. Are you ready for the question? (Question. ) President Torrance: Allin favor signify by saying aye; contrary, no. The ayes have it and the motion is carried. Acting Secretary Day: I believe that is all the recommendations of the Executive Board. I have a number of notes here, and some might have got mislaid, but I believe that is all the recommendations of the Executive Board. INSTALLATION OF OFFICERS. President Torrance: In turning my reins of office over to my suc- cessor I wish to thank the members of the Association for the orderly way in which they have conducted themselves throughout the conven- tion. I will now ask Dr. Mayo to escort the new President into the Chair. President Torrance: Dr. Moore, I am delighted to hand over to you the symbol of office, and bespeak for you the hearty support of the Association. (Applause.) President-Elect Moore: Dr. Torrance and members of the Associa- tion: I thank you sincerely: for this honor. I assure you it was nota thing I sought. Personally, I would have been very glad if this respon- sibility had fallen on the shoulders of another. However, I shall assume 470 PROCEEDINGS OF THE A. V. M. A. the responsibility and do as well as I can—expecting, of course, the hearty support and co-operation of every member of the Association. I thank you. (Applause.) I believe we now have to be introduced by asking people to escort the new officers. Dr. Eichhorn (not present). Dr. Goss (not present). Dr. Hart (not present). Dr. Smith (not present). Dr. Hollingsworth (not present). President Moore: The Vice Presidents are introduced by title. The Secretary needs no introduction, I believe, but we wish a word from Dr. Mayo. ; Secretary-Elect Mayo: I certainly appreciate more than I can tell you the honor you have conferred upon me. I shall try to fulfill the duties, or carry out the duties, of the office just as efficiently as I can, withot fear and without favor. (Applause.) President Moore: Dr. Jacobs, the newly elected Treasurer (not present). President Moore: Dr. Dalrymple, the newly appointed Editor of the Journal (not present), President Moore: This, I believe, concludes my duties for the pres- ent. There is with us a representative of Japan, Dr. K. Kasai, Assistant Professor of Veterinary Surgery in the College of Agriculture, Imperial Tohokin University, Sapparao, Japan, who would like to say a word, and I have arranged that he should, but the hour is so late and there are so few of us here, I will explain that he will have an invitation to address the meeting next year. Is there any further business to come before the Association? If not, a motion to adjourn is in order. (The convention adjourned at 1:15 p. m.) MEETING OF THE EXECUTIVE BOARD. The report of the meeting of the Executive Board of the American Veterinary Medical Association, held at the Hotel La Salle, Chicago, December 2, 1918, as follows: The meeting was called to order by President Mohler. Those present were Dr. J. H. Mohler, Dr. T. C. Munce, S. E. Bennett, Dr. George Hilton, Dr ACT: Binsisy, br, 24: Stange: absent, Dr. R. A. Archibald. The first business was the election of chairman for the coming year. It was moved and seconded that the present chairman, Dr. J. R. Mohler, be continued for the ensuing year. Carried. The minutes of the Executive Board meeting in Philadelphia were approved as amended. ; 3 It was moved and seconded that the invitation to hold the next meeting of the American Veterinary Medical Association in New Orleans, beginning the week of October 20. (The date of the meeting was changed later to begin the week of October 18, 1919.) Carried. 1 ; : PROCEEDINGS OF THE A. V. M. A. 471 —_—- It was moved and seconded that the Secretary of the American Veterinary Medical Association was authorized to employ legal talent whenever the Association business demands it. Carried. It was moved that the Secretary be allowed a revolving fund of $200.00 for incidental office expenses. Carried. The Executive Board adjourned to meet Tuesday morning, De- cember 3, at 9:00 a. m. Meeting called to order by Chairman Mohler. It was moved and carried that the Secretary have 200 mimeographed copies of the list of applicants be prepared for the New Orleans meeting and that a list of applicants be sent to each resident secretary for information regarding any of the applicants from their state. Carried. It was moved and carried that the date of the New Orleans nNCeUES be changed from the 20th of October to the 13th. Carried. It was moved and seconded that the application blanks for member- ship be changed to read “Applications to be accompanied by a remit- tance of $10.00. Five dollars for the initiation fee and five dollars for dues for the first year.” Carried. It was moved and carried that the chairman of the Executive Board in consultation with the editor of the Journal should appoint a sub- committee on the Journal. Carried. ?The meeting of the Board was called for the noon hour on De- cember 3. Dr. Bennett was absent. At the request of President Moore it was moved by Dr. Kinsley that a committee of five from the United States and a committee of three from Canada be appointed by President Moore to deal with veterinary reconstruction problems in their re- spective countries. Carried. The United States committee is: Chairman J. R. Mohler, Col. Stan- cliff, Dr. G. H. Robert, Dr. C. H. Stange and Dr. John Adams. The Canadian committee appointed were: Dr. George Hilton, Dr. Cc. D. MeGilvray and Dr. F. Torrance. The Executive Board adjourned without date, N. S. MAYO. CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION | CONSTITUTION (As Amended) Article | Section 1. This organization shall be incorporated and known as the AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. Article II Objects Section 1. The objects of this association are: (a) To protect and promote the professional interests of the veter- inarian. (b) To elevate the standard of veterinary education. (c) To procure the enactment and the enforcement of uniform laws and regulations relative to veterinary practice and the control of animal disease. (d) To direct public opinion regarding problems of animal hygiene. (e) To promote good fellowship in the profession. : Article III Members Section 1. Membership in this association shall be of two kinds— Active and Honorary. Active Members Section 2. Active members must be graduates of veterinary colleges approved by the association and recommended by the Executive Board and elected to membership in accordance with the By-laws. Honorary Members Section 3. Honorary membership may be conferred upon any person resident in any part of the world, who has rendered valuable service to Veterinary Science. A person proposed for Honorary Membership must be recommended by the Committee on Intelligence and Education, and to be elected he must receive a three-fourths vote of the active members present at a regular meeting. Honorary members shall have all the privileges of active members, except that they shall not pay dues, hold office nor vote, nor have any right or title to or interest in any real or personal property of the association. Not more than three Honorary Members shall be elected in one year. A sum of money each year shall be appropriated for the necessary payment of the Journal for Honorary Members. Article IV Meetings Section 1. Meetings of the association shall be regular and special. The regular meeting shall be held annually. It shall be convened not earlier than July 15th, nor later than the 31st of December of each year, AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 473 unless otherwise ordered by a two-thirds vote of the members of the association, and notice of the selection shall be given to each member by the secretary at least sixty days before the date of the meeting, or at such time as may be designated by a special election held in accord- ance with the By-laws. The time, place and duration of the regular meeting shall be fixed by the Executive Board within sixty days after the annual meeting unless otherwise ordered by the association at an annual meeting. Special meetings may be called by the President upon request in writing of not less than 200 active members. The time, place and purpose of special meetings shall be designated in the call. Notice in the Journal from the Secretary shall constitute official notice of a meeting. Article V Officers Section 1. The officers of the association shall consist of a President, five Vice Presidents, a Secretary, a Treasurer, and an Executive Board. They shall be elected at the regular annual meeting, and hold office, with the exception of the District Members of the Executive Board, for one year from the date of their election, or until their successors are elected and have assumed office. No person shall be eligible to the offices of President, Vice President, Secretary or Treasurer unless he has been a member in good standing for the five years preceding his election. President Section 2. The President shall preside at all meetings of the associ- ation. At the regular annual meeting he shall be expected to deliver an address. The President shall appoint members of committees and all officers whose appointments are not otherwise provided for; he shall perform such other duties as ordinarily devolve upon a president. He shall not be eligible for re-election. Vice Presidents Section 3. In case of death or resignation of the President, or in case of his inability to perform the duties of his office from any cause, the same shall devolve upon the Vice President in seniority for the re- mainder of the unexpired term, or until the disability shall be removed. Secretary Section 4. The Secretary shall perform all the clerical duties of the association, and be custodian of all its property except money, and the properties of the official Journal office. All moneys received by him shall be paid monthly to the Treasurer. He shall receive such salary and allowance as may be recommended by the Executive Board and approved by the association. He shall give bond to the association in the sum of five thousand dollars ($5,000), acceptable to the Executive Board. He shall present a written report at the regular annual meeting. 474 CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS . Treasurer Section 5. The Treasurer shall account to the association for all moneys received. He shall give bond to the association in the sum of ten thousand dollars ($10,000), acceptable to the Executive Board. At the expiration of his term of office he shall account for and turn over to his successor in office all moneys, vouchers and account books be- longing to the association. The Treasurer shall pay out moneys only on vouchers countersigned by the President and Secretary, or President and Editor, excepting minor expenses of the Secretary, and such revolving fund allowance as may be placed at the disposal of the Editor and Manager of the “Journal” by the Budget Committee. The Treasurer shall at the regular annual meeting present a written detailed statement with vouchers covering all receipts and expenditures. Properties Section 6. All officers shall, at the expiration of their terms of office, turn over all property of the association to their successors. Executive Board Section 7. A—The Executive Board shall consist of seven members, one from each Executive Board district and one member at large, and it shall elect annually its own chairman. B—Each member of the Executive Board shall hold office for five years, except the district members first elected under this Constitution. Those first elected from the First, Second, Third, Fourth and Fifth Districts shall hold office respectively for one, two, three, four and five years from the date of election. C—The Executive Board shall constitute the Administrative Body of the association, and shall make all necessary regulations for carrying into effect the provisions of this Constitution and the By-laws. D—Unless otherwise provided for, the Executive Board shall select the time, duration and place for holding the annual meetings, and shall make necessary arrangements therefor. E—The Executive Board shal! pass upon the eligibility of all candi- dates for membership and report their recommendations to the asso- ciation. Four members of the Executive Board shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. F—The Executive Board shall act upon and report promptly on all recommendations of the President of the association and resolutions or other matters duly referred to them by the associations, or sections thereof. G—On written request of at least one hundred members of the association through the Secretary, the Executive Board shall submit any question to the whole membership for decision by mail ballot. All ballots returned to the Secretary shall be signed by the active members voting and said ballots shall be retained by the Secretary for at least two years after they. have been counted. All mail ballots on specific questions, nominations and elections shall be of the same date and issue. Ballots not signed, and ballots not returned within sixty, days after date of issue, shall not be counted. AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 475 H—Accurate records shall be kept by the Secretary of the association of all meetings of the Executive Board. I—A summary of such records shall be published in the proceedings and distributed to the members, except when the Executive Board deems it for the best interests of the association to temporarily withhold from such publication and distribution such records or any part thereof. J—Itemized accounts of all disbursements, with the purpose thereof and records of votes shall never be withheld from publication. K—The Executive Board shall have full discretion to withhold from the “Journal” in whole or in part any paper or part of proceedings that may be referred to the Board by the association or by the editor. -L—It shall be the duty ‘of the Executive Board to consider and recom- mend yearly to the association concerning the selection of an Editor and Business Manager of the “Journal” of the American Veterinary Medical Association. The Editor and Business Manager of said ‘Journal’ shall receive such salary and allowances as may be recommended by the Executive Board and approved by the association. M—The Executive Board shall have the “Journal” accounts audited by a qualified accountant amnually or oftener if deemed necessary, and submit annually to the association a financial statement including in- ventory. N—The Executive Board shall be vested with power to hear all com- plaints filed before it in writing relative to the improper conduct of any member, and shall, if thought advisable, summon the member so charged to appear before it at the next annual meeting of the associa- tion, to answer the charges and make defense. If the Board find the defendant guilty as charged, said Executive Board shall report at once to the association a summary of the charges and evidence submitted on both sides, together with such recommendations as may be deemed wise; but no public report of such charges or evidence shall be made by the Board or any member thereof until after trial by the Executive Board. Executive Board Districts Section 8. There shall be six Executive Board Districts as follows: District No. 1 shall consist of Canada. District No. 2 shall consist of Pennsylvania, New York, the New England States, New Jersey and Delaware. District No. 3 shall consist of Illinois, Ohio, Wisconsin, Michigan and Indiana. District No. 4 shall consist of Kentucky, West Virginia, Virginia, Maryland, District of Columbia, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Caro- lina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Florida, Cuba, South America. District No. 5 shall consist of Alaska, Washington, Montana, North and South Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, Nebraska, Wyoming, Idaho, Oregon, Philippines, and Hawaii. | District No. 6 shall consist of California, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Kansas, Missouri, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Mexico, and Central America. 476 CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS Vacancies and Removals Section 9. The President shall fill any vacancies in the Executive Board from the district in which such vacancy occurs, and said ap- pointee shall hold office until a special election of the district may be held. | | If a member of the Executive Board removes from his district, such removal shall automatically cause a vacancy. : Vacancies in the office of the Secretary or Treasurer shall be filled by appointment for the unexpired term by the President. The Executive Board may, for dishonesty or incompetence, remove the Secretary or Treasurer from. office upon approval of the President. Executive Board Meetings Section 10. The Executive Board shall hold its regular session at the time and place of the annual meeting of the association. Special meetings may be called by the Secretary upon written request of five members of the Executive Board. Article V1} a Any amendments to this Constitution shall be proposed in writing at an annual meeting and referred to the Executive Board for recom- mendation or otherwise; but such amendments shall not be acted upon until the next following annual meeting, nor shall they be adopted finally except by the votes of at least two-thirds of the members present and voting. BY-LAWS. Article 1. Order of Business. Section 1. The following shall be the order of business, except as otherwise provided: 1. Call to order by the President. President’s address. Presentation and adoption of minutes. Report of the Executive Board. Admission of New Members. Election of Officers. Reports of Officers. Reports of Committees. . Unfinished business. 10. New Business. 11. Installation of Officers. Section 2. All meetings of the association shall be governed by Roberts’ Rules of Order when not in conflict with the By-laws. OT OR w be Article 2 Application for Membership Section 1. Application for membership in the association shall be made on blank forms approved by the Executive Board. The applica- AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 477 tion blanks filled out and signed by the applicant in his own hand writing shall be mailed or delivered to the Secretary, who shall present the same to the Executive Board for consideration. An application to be considered must have been endorsed by two members in good stand- ing, one of whom shall be a resident of his own state, and must be accompanied by the membership fee and one year’s dues. If the applicant is a practitioner he shall have satisfied the legal requirements for practice in the state in which he resides. Section 2. Except as provided in Sections 3, 4 and 5, of this Article, only those veterinarians may be admitted to active membership who have spent not less than three collegiate years in the study of veterinary medicine and have been duly graduated from an accredited veterinary college conforming to the requirements of regulations 1 to 19, inclusive, of the Bureau of Animal Industry Circular No. 150, as printed on pages 175 to 182 of the Proceedings of the forty-ninth annual meeting of the A. V. M. A., 1912. Section 3. A graduate of a veterinary college which, at the time of his graduation, did not maintain an educational standard in conformity with the active membership requirements of this association, may upon recommendation of the Executive Board, be elected to membership, pro- vided he has been duly graduated not less than five years prior to the date of application, and further, that the college has ceased to graduate veterinarians contrary to the standards now fixed by this association. Section 4. Except as provided in Section 3, only those veterinarians may be elected to active membership who have been duly graduated from an approved veterinary college maintaining a course of instruc- tion extending over four collegiate years of not less than thirty-twvu weeks each and of not less than seventeen credit hours per week, be- ginning with the session of 1919-20. Section 5. Beginning with the collegiate year of 1919-20 the matric- ulation requirement shall not be less than four years of high school work or equivalent studies taken in other preparatory schools, provided that candidates for admission to approved veterinary schools who cannot present a satisfactory certificate from the proper official of the school or schools attended covering the required amount of preparatory work may be admitted upon passing satisfactory examinations approved by the proper state educational officers. Section 6. All candidates for membership favorably reported to the association by the Executive Board, shall be balloted upon and a three- fourths vote in the applicant’s favor will entitle him to active member- ship. Article 3 Section 1. Notice of the time and place of holdin the regular meet- ing shall be announced at least three months before the date fixed for the meeting. | 7 Section 2. Notice of the time and place of holding a special or ad- journed meeting shall be mailed to each active member at least twenty days before the date fixed for the meeting. No business shall be trans- acted at special meetings which was not clearly and definitely stated in the call convening such meeting. 478 CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS Section 3. The general sessions of the association shall be held at 2:00 P. M. each day, except the first. On the first day of the annual meeting there shall be a session at 10:00 A. M. The sections of the association shall hold their meetings at 9:00 A. M. each day, except the first day, when they shall convene at 2:00 P. M. Night sessions may be convened by consent of the membership of any section. Article 4 Quorum Section 1. Twenty-five per cent of the members of the association registered at any meeting shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. Article 5 Dues Section 1. There shall be an initiation fee of five dollars ($5.00). The annual dues shall be five dollars ($5.00), payable in advance on the first day of September. Honorary members shall pay no dues. Article 6 Delinquency Section 1. Any member who for two years fails to pay his annual dues shall forfeit his membership thirty days after notification from the Secretary has been mailed to his last known address. After the first four months of such delinquency his name shall be stricken from the “Journal” mailing list. Article 7 Reinstatement. Section 1. A member who has forfeited his membership for non- payment of dues, may be reinstated upon payment of his entire indebt- edness to the association. : Section 2. A member who loses his membership for a reason other than non-payment of dues may be reinstated only by application as in the case of new members. Article 8 Nominations Section 1. Nominations for office, except as otherwise provided for, shall be made orally. A nominating speech shall not exceed two min- utes and the nominations shall not be closed until every member present has had an opportunity to present his candidate. Article 9 Election of Officers Section 1. A majority of all votes cast shall be necessary to elect. If no nominee receives a majority of the votes on the first ballot, the nominee who receives the lowest number of votes shall be dropped and a new ballot shall be taken, and so on until a nominee receives a majority. AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 473 Section 2. The officers of the association shall be elected at the afternoon session the second day of the annual meeting. Article 10 Election of Members of Executive Board Section 1. At least six months before the annual meeting, the Secretary of the association shall send to each member in that district a statement that a member of the Executive Board is to be elected and ask for a nomination to be sent to the Secretary at least four months before the annual meeting. The Secretary shall make a list of the names of the highest five, who shall constitute the nominees for mem- bership of the Executive Board in that district. Each member of the district must send his ballot for the nominee of his choice to the Secre- tary two months before the annual meeting. The nominee shall be voted upon by mail ballot. A plurality only shall be necessary to a choice. In case of a tie the members from the district attending the annual meeting shall decide by ballot at a meeting of the members from the district called by the President. The member at large shall be elected by ballot at the regular annual meeting. Articl 11 Installation Section 1. The officers of the association shall assume their duties at the close of the annual meeting at which they are elected. Article 12 Sections Section 1. The association shall be divided into the following sec- tions: A. General Practice. B. Sanitary Science and Police. C. Veterinary Colleges and Examining Boards. The Executive Board may make additional sections as deemed ex- pedient. Section Officers Section 2. The officers of each section shall consist of a chairman and a secretary. They shall be elected by the members of the section. They shall serve one year and until their successors are elected and have assumed office. , Chairman of Section Section 3. The chairman shall preside at all meetings of the section and shall perform the usual duties belonging to such office. He shall co- operate with the secretary of the section in arranging the program and shall see that the proper arrangements have been made for the carrying out of the same. Secretary of Section Section 4. The secretary shall keep an accurate record of the pro- ceedings of the section. He shall, in co-operation with the chairman, 480 CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS arrange the program of the section for the annual meeting. He shall send the program to the Secretary of the association at least forty days before the annual meeting for insertion in the program of the asso- ciation. Length of Papers Section 5. A maximum of twenty minutes will be allowed for the presentation of a paper, and five minutes for each speaker taking part in a discussion. The author will be allowed a reply to questions and criticisms at the end of the discussion. Papers Read by Title Section 6. No paper shall be published as having been read before a section unless it has actually been read, or unless the section shall vote to have it read by title. Property in Papers Section 7. All papers and reports of any nature presented to the association or to any section shall be the property of the association, if approved for publication. Consent from the Executive Board must first be obtained to permit the author of any paper to publish his paper prior to its publication in the official Journal. Article 13 Editor and Business Manager Section 1. The Editor and Business Manager, which positions may be held by the same individual, shall perform the usual duties of such positions in connection with the official organ of the association. The Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association shall publish the proceedings, transactions, papers, etc., and such other mat- ters as the Editor may select. Article 14 Invited Guests Persons not eligible to membership in the association may be invited by any member to attend the annual meeting of the association or the meetings of a section. Article 15 Registration Section 1. No member may vote at a regular meeting until he has registered and paid his entire indebtedness to the association. Article 16 Honorary Members Section 1. Nominations for honorary membership shall be made in writing and submitted to the association not later than the second day of the annual meeting. An interval of at least twenty-four hours shall elapse between the nomination and the election. Se ee!) eee AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 481 Article 17 Standing Committees Section 1. There shall be the following standing committees consist- ing of five members each except as otherwise provided: Budget. Intelligence and Education. Legislation. Necrology. Resolution. . Audit. The Committee on Budget shall consist of the President, Secretary, Treasurer and Chairman of the Executive Board. It shall be the duty of the committee to consider the financial resources of the association and proposed expenditures. The committee shall report its reeommenda- tions to the association for ratification before the close of the meeting. The Committee on Intelligence and Education shall consist of five members to be appointed by the President to serve for a period of five years, except at the outset one member shall be appointed for a period of one year, one for two years, one for three years, one for four years, and one for five years. This committee shall elect annually its own chairman. a It shall be the duty of the committee to report annually upon the progress and needs of veterinary education. It shall inspect veter- inary colleges as it may deem necessary or.as directed by the asso- ciation; and shall annually recommend a list of veterinary colleges for recognition by the association. The Committee on Legislation shall consist of five members to be appointed in the same way and for the same terms as the Committee on Intelligence and Education. Article 18 Resident Secretaries Section 1. Each state, territory, province or country may have a Resident Secretary appointed by the President. Section 2. Each Resident Secretary shall co-operate with the Com- mittee on Intelligence and Education and shall aid the President, Secre- tary and Editor of the Journal in such a manner as they may direct. Article 19 Code of Ethics Section 1. Members of this association are expected to conduct themselves at all times as professional gentlemen. Any flagrant vio- lation of this principle shall be considered by this association as un- professional conduct, and on written charges filed with the Executive Board, may subject the violator to suspension or expulsion as provided in Article 5, Section 7, of the Constitution. Section 2. No member shall assume a title to which he has not a just claim. Section 3. No member shall endeavor to build up a practice by undercharging another practitioner. 482 CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS Section 4. In all ‘cases of consultation it shall be the duty of the veterinary surgeon in attendance upon the case to give the opinion of the consulting veterinary surgeon (whether favorable to his own or otherwise) to the owner of the patient in the presence of all three. In case of the absence of the owner the veterinary surgeon consulted may, after giving his opinion to the attending veterinary surgeon, transmit it in writing to the owner through the medical attendant. It shall be deemed a breach of this code for a consulting veterinary surgeon to revisit a patient without a special invitation by the attending veter- inary surgeon or agreement with him. Section 5. In advertising the veterinary surgeon shall confine him- self to his business address. Advertising specific medicines, specific plans of treatment, or advertising through the medium of posters, illus- trated stationery, newspaper puffs, etc., will not be countenanced by this association. ; Section 6. Any person who shall advertise or otherwise offer to the public any medicine, the composition of which he refuses to disclose, or -who proposes to cure by secret medicines, shall be deemed unworthy of membership in this association. Section 7. It shall be deemed a violation of the code of ethics for any member of this association.to contract with or through the officers of any live stock insurance company for the professional treatment of the members’ stock so insured; but this rule shall not prevent any member from becoming an examiner of risks and acting in the capacity of an expert for the same. Section 8. Each member shall observe the code of ethics adopted by this association and be answerable to the Executive Board for any breach of the same. Article 20 Amendment to By-Laws Section 1. The By-Laws of this association may be amended at any annual meeting by the same procedure as provided for amending the Constitution. Section 2. The By-Laws may be suspended temporarily by a vote of three-fourths majority, but such suspension shall not apply to Section 1, Article 1S, and Section 1, Article 20. Section 3. Officers elected under the old Constitution and By-Laws shall constitute the first set of officers under the new organization in so far as provided for in the new Constitution and By-Laws. Major C. E. Cotton, of Minneapolis, has been appointed state veterinarian of Minnesota to succeed the late Dr. S. H. Ward. Dr. J. S. McIntyre, of Foam Lake, Sask., is taking a post- graduate course at the Ontario Veterinary College, Toronto. MEETINGS OF THE ASSOCIATION 483 MEETINGS OF THE ASSOCIATION. 1863. First Meeting, New York, N. Y., June 9 and 10. 1864. Semiannual (comitia minora)—New wrk, NOL we an. ‘19. Annual—New York, N. Y., September 6. 1865. Semiannual—New York, N, Y., Mareh 7. Annual—Boston, Mass., ‘September dD, 1866. Semiannual—New York, N. Y., March 5 and 6. Annual—New York, N. Y., September 4. © 1867. Semiannual—Boston, Mass., March 5. Annual—New York, N. Y., September 3. 1868. Semiannual—New York, N. Y., March 5. Annual—Boston, Mass., September 1. 1869. Semiannual—Boston, Mass., March 16. Annual—New York, N. Y., September 21. 1870. Semiannual—Philadelphia, Pa., March 15 (no aie Annual—New York, N. Y. , September 20. 1871. Semiannual Boston, Mass., March 21. Annual—New York, N. 2 Se September 19: 1872. Semiannual—Boston, Mass., March 16. Annual—New York, N. Y., September 17. 1873. Semiannual—Boston, Mass., March 17. Annual—New York, N. Y., September 16. 1874. Semiannual—Boston, Mass., March 17. Annual—Not held, owing to error in date of notices sent out. 1875. Semiannual—Boston, Mass., March 25. Annual—New York, N. Y., September 21. 1876. Semiannual—Boston, Mass., March 21. Annual—New York, N. Y., September. 10. 1877. Semiannual—Boston, Mass., March 20. Annual—New York, N. Y., September 18. 1878. Semiannual—Boston, Mass., March 19. Annual—New York, N. Y., September 17. 1879. Semiannual—Boston, Mass., Mareh 18. Annual—New York, N. Y., September 16. 1880. Semiannual—Boston, Mass., March 16. Annual—New York, N. Y., September 1. 1881. Semiannual—Boston, Mass., March 13. Annual—New York, N. Y., September 20. 1882. Semiannual—Boston, Mass., March 21. Annual—New York, N. x. , September 33) 1883. Semiannual—Boston, Mass., March 20. Annual—New York, N. Ms September 18. ; 1884. Semiannual—Boston, Mass., March 18. Annual—Cincinnati, Ohio, September 16. 1885. Semiannual—Boston, Mass., March 17. Annual—New York, N. Yc December 15. : 1886. Semiannual—Boston, Mass. No legal poe held 6 quorum). Annual—New York, N. Y. , September 21. 484 PRESIDENTS 1887. Semiannual—Philadelphia, Pa., March 15. Annual—New York, N. Y., September 20. 1888. Semiannual—Baltimore, Md., March 20. Annual—New York, N. Y., September 18. _ 1889. Semiannual—Boston, Mass., March 19. Annual—Brooklyn, N. Y., September 17. 1890. Chicago, Ill., September 16 and 17. 1891. Washington, D. C., September 15 and 16. 1892. Boston, Mass., September 20, 21 and 22. 1893. Chicago, Ill., October 17, 18, 19 and 20. 1894. Philadelphia, Pa., September 18, 19 and 20. 1895. Des Moines, Iowa, September 10, 11 and 12. 1896. Buffalo, N. Y., September 1, 2 and 3. 1897. Nashville, Tenn., September 7, 8 and 9. 1898. Omaha, Neb., September 6, 7 and 8. 1899. New York, N. Y., September 5, 6 and 7. 1900. Detroit, Mich., September 4, 5 and 6. 1901. Atlantie City, N. J., September 3, 4 and 5. 1902. Minneapolis, Minn., September 2, 3 and 4. 1903. Ottawa, Canada, September 1, 2, 3 and 4. 1904. St. Louis, Mo., August 16,17, 18 and 19. 1905. Cleveland, Ohio, August 15, 16, 17 and 18. 1906. New Haven, Conn..; August 21, 22, 23 and 24. 1907. Kansas City, Mo., September 10, 11, 12 and 13. 1908. Philadelphia, Pa., September 8, 9, 10 and 11. 1909. Chicago, Ill., September 7, 8, 9 and 10. 1910. San Francisco, Cal., September 6, 7, 8 and 9. 1911. Toronto, Canada, August 21, 22, 23 and 24. 1912. Indianapolis, Ind., August 27, 28, 29 and 30. 1913. New York, N. Y., September 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. 1914. No meeting. 1915. Oakland, Cal., August 30, 31, September 1 and 2. 1916. Detroit, Mich., August 21, 22, 23, 24 and 25. 1917. Kansas City, Mo., August 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24. . 1918. Philadelphia, Pa., August 19, 20, 21 and 22. PRESIDENTS. 1863-1864. J. H. Stickney, Massachusetts. 1864-1865. A.S. Copeman, New York. 1865-1866. C. M. Wood, Massachusetts. 1866-1867. R. H. Curtis, New York. 1867-1869. R. Wood, Massachusetts. 1869-1871. E. F. Thayer, Massachusetts. | 1871-1875. A. Large, New York. 1875-1877. A. Liautard, New York. 1877-1879. C. P. Lyman, Massachusetts. 1879-1881. J.L. Robertson, New York. 1881-1883. W. Bryden, Massachusetts. 1883-1885. W.B. E. Miller, New Jersey. SECRETARIES 485 1885-1886. 1886-1887, 1887-1889. 1889-1890. 1890-1892. 1892-1893. 1893-1896. - 1896-1897, 1897-1898. 1898-1899. 1899-1900. 1900-1901. 1901-1902. 1902-1903. 1903-1904. 1904-1905. 1905-1906. 1906-1907. 1907-1908. 1908-1909. 1909-1910. 1910-1911. 1911-1912. 1912-1913. 1913-1915. 1915-1916. 1916-1917. 1917-1918. 1918-1919. 1863. . 1864. 1865-1867. 1867-1869. 1869-1874. 1874-1877. 1877-1880. 1880-1888. 1888-1893. 1893-1894. 1894-1895. 1895-1902. 1902-1906. 1906-1910. 1910-1913. 1913-1915. 1915-1916. 1916-1917. 1917-1918. 1918-1919. . McLean, New York. . Li autard, New York. oe Huidekoper, Pennsylvania. . B. Michener, New York. . S. Huidekoper, Pennsylvania. . L. Williams, Indiana. . Horace Hoskins, Pennsylvania. ek Osgood, Massachusetts. . E. Salmon, District of Columbia. . . W. Clement, Maryland. eonard Pearson, Pennsylvania. ait Butler, Indiana. F. Winchester, Massachusetts. Stewart, Missouri. R. Bell, New York. Knowles, Montana. . Lowe, New Jersey. s Law, New York. . Dalrymple, Louisiana. - Rutherford, Ontario, Can. . Melvin, District of Columbia. . Glover, Colorado. renton, Michigan. . Mohler, District of Columbia. - Marshall, Pennsylvania. _ Archibald, California. . Cotton, Minnesota. orrance, Ottawa, Canada: . Moore, New York, N. Y. SECRETARIES. A. Liautard, New York. R. Jennings, New York. C. Burden, New York. J. F. Budd, New York. J. L. Robertson, New York. J. D. Hopkins, New Jersey. A. A. Holcomb, New York. C. B. Michener, New York. W. Horace Hoskins, Pennsylvania. T. J. Turner, Missouri. Leonard Pearson, Pennsylvania. S. Stewart, Kansas and Missouri. ABA eo Py me SHOR QOYRAP HAD SS RRH apage es BySe ‘John J. Repp, Iowa and Pennsylvania. Richard P. Lyman, Connecticut and Missouri. C. J. Marshall, Pennsylvania. Nelson $. Mayo, Illinois. C. M. Haring, California. L. A. Merillat, Illinois. L. Enos Day, Tlinois (Acting Secretary). N. 8. Mayo, Ilinois. 486 OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES OFFICERS, 1918-1919. PRESIDENT ; V. A. Moore, - Tthaea, N. Y- First Vick PRESIDENT A. Eichhorn | New York, N. Y. SEcOND VICE PRESIDENT H. B. Cox Philadelphia, Pa. TuHirpD VicE PRESIDENT Geo. H. Hart 3 Berkeley, Cal. FourtH VcE PRESIDENT Thos. E. Smith Jersey City, N. J. FirrH Vice PRESIDENT J. B. Hollingsworth Ottawa, Can. EXECUTIVE BOARD Geo. Hilton, 1st District; T. E. Munce, 2nd District; S. E. Ben- nett, 3rd District; J. R. Mohler, 4th District; C. H. Stange, 5th District; R. A. Archibald, 6th District; A. T. Kinsley, Member at Large. Sus-CoMMITTEE ON JOURNAL | J. R. Mohler Geo. Hilton R. A. Archibald COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE AND EDUCATION Geo. W. Dunphy, Chairman; J. A. Kiernan, Cassius Way, Geo. H. Hart, H. D. Bergman COMMITTEE ON LEGISLATION W. Horace Hoskins, Chairman; J. P. Turner, 8. J. Walkley, C. B. Palmer, F. A. Bolser COMMITTEE ON RESOLUTIONS C. A. Cary, Chairman; C. D. McGilvray, S. H. Ward, H. Jensen, Otto Faust AupIt COMMITTEE H. K. Ryder, Chairman; L. Enos Day, W. H. Robinson, . C. G. Lamb, W. J. Martin COMMITTEE ON NECROLOGY J. W. Connaway, Chairman; R. W. Ellis, E. A. Cahill, J. B. Hollingsworth, G. F. Jungerman COMMITTEE ON History R. C. Moore, Chairman; Maj. C. D. McMurdo, U. G. Houck, bie ws Higgins, Geo. H: Berns . oe | RESIDENT SECRETARIES 487 COMMITTEE ON ANATOMICAL NOMENCLATURE H.S. Murphey, Chairman; 8. Sisson, I. Ernest Newsom, F. W. Chamberlain, Mark Frances COMMITTEE ON ARMY SERVICE Lt.-Col. C. J. Marshal, Chairman; Jno. R. Mohler, L. H. Howard, Lt.-Col. R. J. Stanclift, Maj. W. H. Lytle BupGeT COMMITTEE (Ex-Officio Membership ) Vi A. Moore, M. Jacob, N. 8S. Mayo, Jno. R. Mohler SALMON MEMORIAL COMMITTEE J. F., Wichita Chairman; W. Horace Hoskins, Secretary- Treasurer; J. S. Anderson, S. Brenton, David Pic Pox; eG: Rutherford, Jno. R. Mohler Taavur ARD MEMORIAL COMMITTEE Robert W. Ellis; Chairman; W. H. Hoskins, W. H. Balremott W. H. Lowe, S. Brenton. SECTION ON GENERAL PRActTiIcE (Medicine and Surgery) A. 'S. Cooley, Chairman John Harper, Secretary SECTION ON SANITARY SCIENCE AND POLICE -L. Enos Day, Chairman H. Preston Hoskins, Secretary RESIDENT SECRETARIES FOR 1918-1919. MAADOMNG 23. cere ve TiS oe Osa Gas ea ks meee D. L. Allen, Auburn APS, oiehice es Sia hs Gat Te, J. C, Norton, Fleming Block, Phoenix MPR ADSES 60 5 ' noe th Ee cet R. M. Gow, Old State House, Little Rock Albertain 2 6 Brahe M. V. Gallivan, Lethbridge, Alta. British Columbia Por be Soe. Sa Robert Hamilton, Victoria OVD eee ae ee eka bor ks George H. Hart, ‘Berkeley Colorado: .i..es.:. I. E. Newsom, Colorado State Col., Ft. Collins Connecticut. ......... Thos. Bland, 74 Phoenix Ave., Waterbury Ere wae os Wr eee. Se H. P. Ives, Wilmington arice OF COMMA oie ss R. W. Hickman, Washington TI es ea haa ae ae L. E. Lyons, Tallahassee So ae ees ue ee se ee Wm. Burson, Athens BIO i vin PC aes as pete ewae V. A. Norgaard, Honolulu ROMs bc See el On wees iis Bee R. B. Hurd, Payette PUI rh ed Pe Chae eg. ee W. H. Welch, Lexington RIAN a te PUN ales G. H. Roberts, Indianapolis oes Pa repaen ss les Kea a agen Se Hal C. Simpson, Denison DUMMOR i eee ie eek aw Se as L. W. Goss, Manhattan BOURUCEY 3) oe ey et ee ee eae S. L. Musselman, Frankfort Peeing. 26 Se A ike es EK. I. Smith, Baton Rouge 488 RESIDENT SECRETARIES MERINO ie ee yp ries es bee eee H. B. Westcott, Portland MATRAMM ocd oe os eee ere F. H. Mackie, Baltimore Massachusetts. 2025 05 eee ee L. Frothingham, Boston MAWIIIUN, Fos pi ee ice wee es W. A. Hilliard, Winnipeg PETCNTO Sk. vc cies cs ny 3 4 ee C. P. Fitch, St. Paul PUBIOO os cae ne ee ne E. M. Ranck, Agricultural College Missouri..... Ne Wide ec Stace tla ed cay a eee L. S. Backus, Columbia DIOMUBNA ys. cs So +s. oueie eee ee A. D. Knowles, Missoula ee SS. sw ste peels H. P. Hoskins, 50 Tireman Ave., Detroit RIE ions << cde oo apps 2h a ee ema J. S. Anderson, Seward PGW TAOYAPSDITC. «600 «ks Reais ape ea A. C. Farmer, Berlin POVRUA oa a cle Unie Ce ele meee ae E. J. Records, Reno NOW AOTERY -'. 6 sick cic canted] eis aeeete T. E. Smith, Jersey City New Mexic0 ....c ice eee G. A. Lipp, Roswell Nova Scotia. (ies. 3s ees ine Geo. Townsend, New Glasgow PRGW TOTES is ves Magee pews ew ee W. G. Hollingsworth, Utica moetn Usrolina....c.2- eet Oe G. A. Roberts, West Raleigh prorth Dakota. os. igeye hh ss C. H. Babeoek, ‘New Rockford CMB oo ay ae eed ey ate WA a ak CG. H. Case, Akron CINCRTIO. s | MEMBERS OF THE A. V. M. A. Chedister, O. D., Cordell, Okla. Cheney, Alonzo Henry, Polson, Mont. Cheney, George L., 730 Middletown Ave., New Haven, Conn. Cherrington; Kenneth G., 152 Webster St., Pawtucket, R. I. Cherry, A. E., Camp Stotsenburg, Pampanga, P. I. Chesterman, R. L., 606 E. Clay St., Richmond, Va. Chrisman, Wm. G., Blacksburg, Va. Christ, Lt. Fred J., Co. 30, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Christenson, R. B., Labetha, Kans. Christian, Robert V., Stock Yards, Wichita, Kans. Christianson, Oren A., 4319 Calumet Ave., Chicago, Ill. Christie, Norman Douglas, Box 616, Regina, Sask. Christie, V. V., Cardston, Alberta. Christman, Lt. Paul S., 96th Division, Camp Wadsworth, 8. C. Christopher, Ralph E., "532 Riehl St., ‘Waterloo, Towa. Chodos, Benj. P. Gap, Pa. Church, Harry R. , Wilkesbarre, Pa. Clancy, J.B. J acksonville, Il. Clapp, Walter EL. Dresden, Ont. Claris, John Woodward, 629 Clinton St., Buffalo, N. Y. Clark, Chas. H., c/o E. Clark, McCords, Mich. Clark, Clarence W., 117 Front St., W., Ashland, Wis. Clark, Curtis Alfred, College Corner, Ohio. Clark, David B., Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind. Clark, Henry D., 69 High St., Fitchburg, Mass. Clark, J. S., 4526 S. 22nd St., Omaha, Neb. Clark, M. H., P. O. Box 82, Seymour, Ind. Clark, R. R., 1329 24th St., Newport News, Va. Clark, W. G., P. O. Box 196, Marinette, Wis. Clarke, B. L., Monticello, Wis. Clarno, H. T., Farmer City, Ill. Clawson, C. A., 2445 Talbott Ave., Indianapolis, Ind. Clayton, Chas. E., 207 W. 55th St., New York City, N. Y. Clegg, Robert, 308 1st St., W., Calgary, Alta. Clem, Lt. B. H., Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Clemens, W. A., Columbia, La. Clement, Chas. B., Liberty, Mo. Clemons, W. E., Granville, Ohio. Clere, Ralph W., E. Syracuse, N. Y. Cleveland, Edgar C., Cattaraugus, N. Y. Cleveland, Walter J., Rocky Ford, Col. Cliffe, G. W., 119 W. Johnson St., Upper Sandusky, Ohio. Cline, Clifford M., Box 298, Maryville, Mo. Cline, J. D., 1333 41st St., Des Moines, Iowa. Close, F. W., Lewiston, Idaho. Closson, Gardner W., 128 W. Adele St., Anaheim, Cal. Cloud, Leon G., 108 Commerce St., Fort Worth, Tex. Cochran, D. W., 19 Vestry St., New York, N. Y. Cochran, Willard Nelson, Trenton, Tenn. Cochrane, Robert E., 450 Greenbush St., Milwaukee, Wis. 502 MEMBERS OF THE A. V. M. A. Cock, James L., 3709 Agnes Ave., Kansas City, Mo. Cockerton, Lt. Ebenezer B., Co. 29, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Codd, R. Marshall, 611 Chestnut St., Portsmputh, Va. Coffeen, Robert J., 225 N. 2nd St., Stillwater, Minn. Cohenour, Howard H., Bismarck, N. D. Cohn, Joshua, 100 N. Milton St., St. Paul, Minn. Cole, G. C., Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa. Cole, Guy F., Moultrie, Ga. Cole, Truman W., 606 Flat Iron Bldg., Fort Worth, Tex. Coleman, Hobart M., Moorehead, Lowa. Coflesh, Joseph Harmon, Confluence, Pa. Collins, Frank, Monroe, La. Collins, Fred W., Madison, Neb. Collins, George J., West Point, Neb. Collins, H. R., 532 E. Missouri Ave., St. Joseph, Mo. Collins, Leonard, Stanton, Neb. Collins, Robert E., ¢/o Memphis Union Stock Yards, Memphis, Tenn. Collins, Wm. P., 2130 P St., N. W., Washington, D. C. Colson, C. F., 1136 E. 47th St., Chicago, Il. Colton, Chas. L., 99 Ann St., Hartford, Conn. Combs, Lt. Arthur W., 450 Norwood St., East Orange, N. J. Combs, E., 230 Exchange Bldg., Sioux City, Iowa. Combs, Lawrence G., 602 Flatiron Bldg., Fort Worth, Tex. Commins, Frederick E., 119 Cortland Ave., San Francisco, Cal. Comstock, David B., 175 Jay St., Albany, N. Y. Conard, A. J., 957 N. Lawndale Ave., Chicago, IIl. Cone, Michael, Pittsfield, Mass. Conley, Chas. C., 208 King St., Burlington, Vt. Conn, George Harold, 636 E. State St., Fremont, Ohio. Connaway, J. W., University of Missouri, Columbia, Mo. Connell, Clare V., N. 2nd St., Decatur, Ind. Conrad, Burton W., Sabetha, Kans. Constable, Major Geo. Walter, A. R. D. 329, Camp Travis, Tex. Conway, Wm. T., 179 Elm St., West Haven, Conn. Cook, Bertram Louis, 1304 W. 4th St., Red Wing, Minn. Cook, C. J., c/o Camp Veterinarian, Camp Cody, Deming, N. M. Cook, F. G., 220 8S. Main St., Paris, Tex. Cook, Lt. H. T., Headquarters, Camp Lee, Va. Cook, J. D., 544 Veronica Ave., E. St. Louis, Ill. Cook, J. W., Brownsville, Ore. Cook, P. M., Washington C. H., Ohio. Cook, R. H., 1127 Keele St., W., Toronto, Ont. Cook, Stanley C., c/o B. A .I., Arabi P. O., La. Cooke, Lt. Chas. P., Co. 31, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Cooke, Wm. A., Jr., 1247 N. 28th St., Philadelphia, Pa. Cooley, A. S., 3911 Perkins Ave., Cleveland, Ohio. Cooper, Dean Gordon, 5902 Walnut St., Kansas City, Mo. Cooper, Edward, R. F. D. 3, Sunman, Ind. Cooper, John D., 4416 Fairmont Ave., Kansas City, Mo. MEMBERS OF THE A. Yy. M. A. 503 Cooper, J. M., 906 Elm St., Cincinnati, Ohio. Copithorn, Harry K., 49 Nichols St., Chelsea, Mass. Copland, F. B. , Logan, Iowa. Corbet, Howard Temple, R. R. 5, iRuddoeon Ind. Corbin, Cecil J., Pawling, N. Y. Corcoran, Michael, P. O. Box 142, Augusta, Kans. Core, John L., 416 Washington Blvd., Kansas City, Kans. . Cornman, Ernest L., Marietta, Pa. Corson, Lt. J. D., Co. 30, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Corson, W. L., 303 Live Stock Exchange Bldg., Denver, Col. Corwin, Geo. E., 158 Vine St., Hartford, Conn. Corwin, Willis T., Pine Island, Minn. Cosford, Samuel E., University Farm, Lincoln, Neb. Coshow, Emery E., 301 S. 15th St., Terre Haute, Ind. Cotton, Chas. E., 615 4th Ave., S., Minneapolis, Minn. Cotton, Wm. E., 3242 38th St., N. W., Washington, D. C. Cottrill, H. B., Sand Fork, W. Va. Couch, Otto J., Fairfield, Idaho. Couchlin, John G., Edina, Mo. Courtright, John M., Aux. Remt. Depot 305, Camp Lee, Va. Couture, J. A., 49 Garden St., Quebee, Que. Couture, Jas. N. L., 418 Mercelle Ave., St. Lambert, Que. Covault, Clarence H., Div. of Vet. Medicine, lowa State College, Ames, Iowa. Cowgill, Daniel L., Rio, Wis. Cowherd, Charles Monsur, 4541 Chauteau Ave., St. Louis, Mo. Cox, Abraham G., Carlisle, Ind. Cox, Harry B., 1516 Snyder Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. Cox, Walter P., The Pembroke Apts., 1216 W. Fayette St., Balti- more, Md. Cox, Walter R., Clio, Mich. Cox, William, Mayville, Mich. Cozier, Carl, 320 Prospect St., Bellingham, Wash. Crabb, Lewis Chas., Fort Worth, Tex. Craig, David E., Mossbank, Sask. Craig, N. C., 161 S. Wade Ave., Washington, Pa. Craig, Robert A., 621 Owen St., Lafayette, Ind. Craig, Thos. Frederick, Hampden, N. D. Craig, W. B., 216 N. Meridian St., Indianapolis, Ind. Craik, A. L., Ireton, Iowa. Crall, Forrest B., Camp Upton, Long Island, N. Y. Cram, Herbert C., 600 S. Choctaw St., El Reno, Okla. Cramer, Capt. Eugene J., Fort Keogh, Mont. Crans, Merwin L., 3801 N. Linden Ave., E .St. Louis, Tl. Cranwell, John James, 642 W. Pike St., Clarksburg, W. Va. Crawford, Chas. B., Horton, Kans. Crawford, Lt. Claude D., Vet. Train. School, Camp Lee, Va. Crawford, Harry C., 34 Lexington Ave., New York, N. Y. Crawford, James E., Far Rockaway, Long Island, N. Y. Crawford, J. H., Harvard, Ill. a 504 MEMBERS OF THE A. Vy. M. A. Crawford, Capt. N. N., Camp Veterinarian, Camp MacArthur, Tex. ou | Creech, G. Tinsley, 4303 9th St., N. W., Washington, D. C. Creedon, Patrick J., 509 Grafton St., Worcester, Mass. Crewe, W. F., Bismarck, N. D. 3 Cripe, Lt. Owen H., Vet. Train. School, Camp Lee ,Va. - Crisler, Lewis H., Covington, Ky. Crisler, Otto Smith, Vet. Dept. Univ. Mo., Columbia, Mo. Crocker, Walter James, 5845 Alter St., Philadelphia, Pa. Cropper, R. E., Greenville, Ga. Crosby, Joseph Fenton, Camp Veterinarian, c/o Camp Hdars., Camp Dodge, lowa. Crossland, Orien H., Vet. Corps, 175th Brig., Camp Dodge, Iowa. Crossman, Edgar A., 73 Dedham Ave., Needham, Mass. Crouse, James Webster, A. R. D. 303, Camp Dix, N. J. Crow, Lt. Louis C., Co. 45, Bn. 12, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Crowe, Thos. B., 2624 Indiana Ave., Chicago, Ill. — Crowley, C. W., 3651 Cook Ave., St. Louis, Mo. Crump, L.8., Ft. Atkinson, Wis. Cruse, Will, Edgedale, Wheeling, W. Va. Culbert, Robt. W., 220 Federal Bldg., Spokane, Wash. Cullen, J. T., c/o B. A. 1., S. St. Paul, Minn. Culver, Frederick W., Longmont, Col. Cummings, L. R., Spring Valley, Wis. Cummins, Wm. M., Eagle Pass, Tex. Cunningham, A. E., 3826 Carnegie St., 8. E., Cleveland, Ohio. Cunningham, E. E., 106 Indiana Ave., Valparaiso, Ind. Curl, Chas. M., R. R. 1, Highland Park, Mich. Curley, Capt. E., Fremont, Pa. ; Curran, M. J., 67 Willis St., New Bedford, Mass. Currier, Lt. Burt L., 1409 M. G. T. C., Camp Hancock, Ga. Curry, Hugh E., 3746 Highland Ave., Kansas City, Mo. Curry, J. M., Hdqrs. Detachment Troop, 11th Division, Camp Meade, Md. Curtice, Arthur B., 31 Ferris St., Hillsdale, Mich. Curtis, Chas. Roy, Portage, Wis. Curtis, Glenn R., A. E. F., France. Curtis, W. A., 15'S. Western Ave., Chanute, Kans. Curtiss, A. C., Wauseon, Ohio. Cusack, Frank L., Wimbledon, N. D. Cusack, R. R., Vet. Train. School, Camp Lee, Va. Custis, H. H., La Jara, Col. Daley, W. H., 5756 S. Sawyer Ave., Chicago, Ill. Dallas, John Thos., New Albany, Miss. Dalrymple, W. H., Baton Rouge, La. Danforth, Arthur L., 219 N. Massey St., Watertown, N. Y. Danielson, Leopold A., Madero, Cal. - Danziger, Max, 149 Clinton Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. Dappen, Roy R., Mead, Kans. Darby, Howard L., 1879 W. 95th St., Cleveland, Ohio. MEMBERS OF THE A. V. M. A. 505 Darby, Robt. Neil Gordon, Barrington, M1. Darbyshire, Glen, Bainbridge, Ga. Dardis, Thos. L., 505 S. Sutter St., Stockton, Cal. Darrah, George DB: 648 Hall St., Manchester, N. H. Darrow, John Henry Jr., 78 N. Hamilton St. , Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Dauber, Chas. C., 107 N. ’ Clay St., Sturgis, Mich. Daubigny, BT: 12 Rue St. Denis, Montreal, Que. Dauth, Albert C., Coteau, Du Lac, Que. Davenport, Miles Leroy, 540 Spruce St., Fergus Falls, Minn. Davenport, W. H., 8438 S. Carpenter St., Chicago, Ill. Davidson, F. N., Tecumseh, Neb. Davidson, George H. Rugby, N. D. Davidson, Wm. A., Exchange Bldg., S. St. Joseph, Mo. Davis, Benjamin F., P. O. Box 509, Douglass, Wyo. Davis, C. H., 628 Freeman Ave., Kansas City, Kans. Davis, Harry Emerson, Pierre, S. D. Davis, Roger E., c/o Ft. Dodge Serum Co., F't. Dodge, Lowa. Davis, William L., Box 431, Van Buren, Ark. Davison, A. H., 919 W. 68th St., Chicago, Il. Davison, Elwin T., Athenia, N. J. Dawson, Lt. Alvorda J., Regimental Hosp. 351, Inf. Reg., Camp Dodge, Iowa. Day, L. Enos, 4193 8S. Halsted St., Chicago, Il. Day, Wm. E., P. O. Box 271, 8. St. Paul, Minn. Deadman, Chas. A., 311 E. Main St., Madison, Wis. Deadman, John F., Sault Ste. Marie, Mich. Debold, W. O., 1010 E. 48rd St., Chicago, Il. Decker, E. J., 16 William St., Far Rockaway, Long Island, N. Y. Deegan, William J., 527 Benson St., Camden, N. J. De Fossett, A. J., c/o Com. of Agriculture, St. Albans, Vt. Deling, N. J., Dallas Center, Iowa. Deisel, C. H., Drovers Nat. Bank Bldg., Chicago, Tl. Dell, Harry H., B. A. I., Box 236, Dubuque, Iowa. Dell, Jesse Aplin, 16th and Pacififie Ave., Los Angeles, Cal. De Milly, John W., Tallahassee, Fla. Deming, Chas. Wiley, c/o Iowa Packing Co., Des Moines, Iowa. Deming, 8S. A., Ida Grove, Iowa. De Motte, Lee, Petersburg, Ind. Denham, Alexander H., 418 Lyric Bldg., Richmond, Va. Denison, Wm. Kensman, Bemidji, Minn. Denton, R. D., 308 Main St., Carthage, Ill. Derivan, Capt. Jos. F., Hdqrs. 88th Div., A. E. F., France, A. P.O. T2d. De Ronde, John D., 48 E. 89th St., New York, N. Y. ) Derrick, Capt. Jesse D., Div. Vet. Hdqrs., 39th Div., Camp Beauregard, La. De Serpa, John A., Box 614, Oxnard, Cal. De Tray, E. M., 840 Seott St., Napoleon, Ohio. Deubler, Ernest C., Wayne, Pa. Deubler, Ezra S., Narberth, Pa. 506 MEMBERS OF THE A. y. M. A. Devereaux, John L., 20 Brook St., Waterbury, Conn. De Vine, John F., Goshen, N. Y. Dick, George A., 39th St. and Woodland Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. Dickey, Elvan S., c/o John Marrell Co., Sioux Falls, S. D. : Dickey, Geo. W., 319 N. Weber St., Colorado Springs, Col. Dickman, Lt. Andrew J., Box 804, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. . Dickson, John, 444 Federal Bldg., Denver, Col. Dietrich, Leroy E., Box 612, Dewey, Okla. Dildine, Seth C., Box 243, National Stock Yards, Il. Dillahunt, Peter A., R. F. D. 7, Box 172, Springfield, Ohio. Diller, Lt. Oscar Allen, Co. 29, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Dimock, Wm. Wallace, c/o College, Ames, Iowa. Dinse, Alfred John, Moultrie, Ga. ‘ Dinwoodie, John T. E., ¢/o S. D. State College, Brookings, S. D. Dionne, Lt. Clarence A., Bn. 12, Co. 48, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Ditewig, George, B. A. I., Washington, D. C. Ditto, John K., Pleasureville, Ky. Divelbis, W. P., 402 S. Main St., Clinton, Mo. Dixon, C. Price, Old Fire House, Charlottesville, Va. Dixon, H. L., Maple Creek, Sask. Dixon, John Thos., Rock Hill, 8S. C. Dobbin, Quincy C., Bedford, Ind. Dobbs, Earl M., Davis, Cal. Dobson, Chas. C., Muncie, Ind. Dock, Norton, 515 Ludlow Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio. Dodd, Walter E., 18 Federal Bldg., Des Moines, Iowa. Dodge, William H., Leominster, Mass. Doherty, P. J., 611 E. 47th St., Chicago, Ill. Dolan, Francis F., Willow City, N. D. Dolan, James T., 3480 McKean Ave., St. Louis, Mo. Donald, James S., 212 S. Catherine St., Bay City, Mich. Donaldson, Robert R., Argyle, Minn. Donnelly, George J., 107 41st St., Oakland, Cal. Donnelly, James Robert, 7239 Hermitage St., Pittsburgh, Pa. Donoghue, Joseph A., Ritzville, Wash. Donohue, M. E., Jr., 28th and Thompson Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. Donohue, Robert John, Olympia, Wash. Dooley, Lt. Chas. T., Co. 28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Dorian, Frank P., 35 Franklin St., Yonkers, N. Y. Dornblasser, Lt. Joe H., 311 San. Train. Camp Grant, Rock- ford, Il. Dornbusch, Lt. Edward A., 10th Ammunition, Camp Funston, Kans. Doron, Dalton Wesley, P. O. Box 132, Mayfield, Ky. Dorweiler, Philip O., Vet. Co. 1, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Dotson, Harry F., City Hall, Topeka, Kans. Douglass, Frank J., 719 Girod St., New Orleans, La. Downs, E. Aaron, Vet. Train. School, Camp Lee, Va. Doyle, Laurence S., Moxton, New Brunswick. Doyle, Michael J., 1817 Morris Ave., Bronx, Pe ae ot a MEMBERS OF THE A. V. M. A. 507 Drach, Amos C., Box 645, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Dragoo, Jas. A., Connersville, Ind. Drake, Edward J., Alexander, N. D. Drake, M. W., 1308 Morris St., Philadelphia, Pa. Drake, W. S., 1108 Jefferson Co. Bk. Bldg., Birmingham, Ala. Draper, James Powell, Lowell, Mich. Draper, John T., 4115 S. 24th St., Omaha, Neb. . Drayer, Capt. J oseph Harry, 2363 N. High St, Columbus, Ohio. Dreher, Wm. Henry, Oregon, Wis. Dreppard, Samuel G., West Plains, Mo. Driver, Fred C., Danville, Ark. Drown, Lt. Frederick A., Camp Greenleaf, Ft. Oglethorpe, Ga. Drum, Lloyd Cary, Menominee, Wis. Drury, James, 218 Michigan St., Ypsilanti, Mich. Ducey, Jno., Stephenson, Mich. Ducey, Michael E., Merrill, Mich. Duckworth, Lt. Raymond E., Co. 45, Bn. 12, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Duff, Lt. Daniel R., Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Du Frene, Alfred J., Glendive, Mont. Dufresne, A. A. , Gravelbourg, Sask. Dumbauld, Harry, 1833 W. Park, Oklahoma City, Okla. Dunaway, W.F. “Paul? s Valley, Okla. Dunkel, J. D., 50 Harrison St., New Rochelle, N. Y. Dunleavy, M. J., 1326 Acoma St., Denver, Col. Dunn, Chas. W., Springhill, Kans. Dunn, Ed. G., 108 S. Madison St., Mason City, Lowa. Dunn, Ralph C., 263 W. Market St., Tiffin, Ohio. Dunphy, Geo. W., East Lansing, Mich. Dunphy, Chas. B., 3608 Nations Ave., El] Paso, Tex. Durham, E. P., Box 181, Bountiful, Utah. Dustin, Henry W., 25 De Hart St., Morristown, N. J. Dwyer, J. E., Box 1633, De Ridder, La. Dykstra, Ralph R., 714 Houston St., Manhattan, Kans. Dyson, Orion E., 5451 Woodlawn Ave. Chicago, Ill. Eadie, John Archibald, 1320 Bay St., ’ Rosebank, Staten Island, N, Se Eagan, Paul Herman, Aux. Remt. Depot 317, Camp Pike, Ark. Eagle, "Alex F., 725 San Jose Ave., San Francisco, Cal. Eagle, John G. , ¢/o Eagle Serum Co., Oklahoma City, Okla. Eagle, James N., Clark, 8. D. Eagle, Richard F., 7313 Harvard Ave., Chicago, Ill. Eagle, Thos. James, 1214 Rowland St., ” Kansas City, Kans. Eagle, Wm. W., 515 Portsmouth Blde., c/o Eagle Laboratories, Kansas City, Kans. Earl, Warren B., University of Nevada, Reno, Ney. Easen, Lt. Thomas, 627 Carey Ave., Wilkes-Barre, Pa. Eastman, Lt. Chas. ¢e/o Camp Vet., Camp Jackson, S. C. Eastwold, J. D., 2014 Indiana Ave. , Chicago, Il. EKatman, O. R., Gadsden, Ala. Ebbitt, Richard, Pappilbon, Neb. 508 MEMBERS OF THE A. VY. M. A. Eckert, Henry F., Markesan, Wis. Eddingfield, A. A., Box 291, Plainview, Neb. Edelman, Frank James, 151 Main St., Bath, Pa. Edgecomb, Guy, 4426 S. 23rd St., 8. Side, Omaha, Neb. Edginton, "Bruce H., c/o State Serum Institute, Reynoldsburg, Ohio. Edmiston, Geo. A. H., 431 6th St., Rapid City, S. D. Edmonds, Elmer V., 603 Lincoln Ave., Mt. Vernon, Wash. Edmunds, Arthur L., Franklin, N. H. Edwards, A. C., 914A St. Clair Ave., E. St. Louis, Ill. Edwards, Lt. Frank, Fort Wm. McKinley, Manilla, P. I. Edwards, John R., 40 Penny Ave., Newark, Ohio. Edwards, Major Thomas H., Div. Vet. 87th, A. E. F., France. Edwards, W. R., P. O. Box 216, Vicksburg, Miss. Egan, Lt. John Milton, Remount Depot 330, Camp Kearney, Cal. Egan, Lt. Peter J., Hdqrs. Ambulance Companies, R. G., Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Egan, William F., 1155 Golden Gate Ave., San Francisco, Cal. Eggers, David F., 327 N. Central Ave., Chicago, II. Eichelberger, A. Martin, Kipp, Alberta, Canada. Eichelberger, I. W., 412.E. Market St., Indianapolis, Ind. Eichhorn, Adolph, Lederle Antitoxin Lab., Pearl River, N. Y. Hisenhower, Elmer C., Gypsum, Kans. Hisenhower, James M., Nevada, Mo. Eisenlohr, Herman M., Lorimore, N. D. Elder, Cecil, K. S. A. C., Manhattan, Kans. Eliason, Oscar H., 209 N. Carroll St., Madison, Wis. Elkin, Albert F., R. F. D. 1, Smicksburg, Pa. Ellenberger, W. P., 1359 Parkewood Place, Washington, D. C. Elliott, Adam F., Milton, N. D. Elliott, C. L., Winona, Minn. Elliott, C. W., Beaver Crossing, Neb. Elliott, E. W., Park River, N. D. Elliott, H. B., P. O. Box 167, Hilo, Hawaii. Elliott, John A., 3035 Race St., Denver, Col. Ellis, George E., Box 137, Natchitoches, La. Ellis, Perey L., P.O. Box 272, Merrill, Iowa. Ellis, Robt. W., 509 W. 152nd St., New York City, N. Y. Elmes, Joseph Henry, Eagle Bend, Minn. Elsbury, Lt. Noble W., Co. 31, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Elsey, Mark A., Marion, Ohio. Elson, Lt. Russell E., Camp Veterinarian, Camp Upton, Long Island, NOY: Elwell, Fred W., Room 20, Federal Bldg., Kansas City, Kans. Elzinga, Martin E., 349 La Grove Ave., Grand Rapids, Mich. Emerson, Daniel, 11 Sachem Terrace, Lynn, Mass. Emmett, '0., 31 ‘Exchange Bldg. Wichita, Kans. Endsley, W. L., 1108 J efferson Bk. Bldg., B. A. I., Birming- ham, Ala. Engard, Peter T., 120 N. Court St., Marysville, Ohio. MEMBERS OF THE A. V. M. A. 509 Engelbert, Ellis B., Remount Depot, Camp Dodge, Iowa. Enger, Otto Magnus, Box 236, Sioux City, Iowa. English, Andrew, 3809 S. 23rd St., S. Side Sta., Omaha, Neb. Erfurth, Lt. Ernest F., 809 Live Stock Exch. Bldg., Kansas City, Mo. Erfurth, O. A., 1324 Cleveland St., Kansas City, Kans. Erickson, Chas. W., Marine Mills, Minn. Ernest, Lucien B., Connecticut Ave. and Baltimore St., Ken- sington, Md. Ernst, John, Jr., 125 E. 4th St.,'S., Salt Lake City, Utah. Eschenbacher, Albert B., 715 St. Maurice, Arabi, La. Eshleman, Capt. John M., Officers Training Camp, Camp Lee, Va. Espy, Lt. Samuel, 20th Inf., Brig. Hdars., Genp Funston, Kans. Essex, John J. . Chevy Chase, Md. Estes, C. B., Box 287, St. Cloud, Minn. Etienne, Albert A., 67 Drummond St., Montreal, Que., Can. Etienne, George Urbain, 67 Drummond St., Montreal, Que., Can. Ettling, C. C., 3606 College Ave., Kansas City, Mo. Evans, A. C., Goodland, Kans. Evans, C. E., 719 Wisconsin St., Racine, Wis. Evans, Calvin S., 1811 George St., Sioux City, Iowa. Evans, Norman, 339 E. 55th Place, Chicago, Il. Evans, Lt. Russell, Co. 30, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Evenson, Harry, Sacred Heart, Minn. Everly, Guy P., 2605 Duncan St., St. Joseph, Mo. Everett, A. T., 24th and U Sts., South Omaha, Neb. Eves, H. P., 301 W. 18th St., Wilmington, Del. Ewen, Lt. Lloyd C., Mayville, N. D. Ewing, Forest Raymond, A. R. D. 317, Camp Pike, Ark. Exline, James C., 79 Federal: Bldg., Walla Walla, Wash. Faber, G. G., 112 1st St., Mitchell, S. D. Fabian, Arthur E. i. 421 Walworth St., Lake Geneva, Wis. Fair, ai Millersburg, Ohio. Faivre, Clavis F., Box 591, Barnesboro, Pa. Fake, Charles Thompson, Granville, N. Y. Falconer, Thomas, Box 303, Alexandria, Minn. Fallon, Edward J., 3668 17th St., San Francisco, Cal. Faragher, J. L., 335 East Erie Ave., Lorain, Ohio. Fargus, Lt. Grant I., 327 E. Bald Eagle St., Lock Haven, Pa Farley, A. J., 322 N. Reno St., Los Angeles, Cal. Farley, Edwin P., 1802 Meyers St., Paducah, Ky. Farmer, H. T., 316 N. Henry St., Richmond, Va. Farmer, Thomas, Grand Blanche, Mich. Farr, Lt. Hosmer L., 3808 Main St., Brighton, Ala. Farrington, A. M., 1436 Chapin St., Washington, D. C. Fauldner, Ernest T., 69 Monticello Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. Faulhaber, Louis J., Box 360, Asheville, N. C. Faulk, Archie Lee, Samson, Ala. Faulkner, Lt. Charles M., V. T. C., Camp Lee, Va. 510 MEMBERS OF THE A. V. M. A. Faun, George C., 417 Franklin Ave., Sioux Falls, S. D. Faunce, A. L., 2748 Charlotte St., Kansas City, Mo. Faust, Otto, 209 Union St., Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Feeley, Robert, O., Clemson College, 8. C. Fegley, N. K. _ Lehigh County, Emans, Pa. : Feist, Arnold Andrew, 156 Aurora Ave., St. Paul, Mish: Feld, Emanuel, 104 W. 42nd St., New York, N. Y. Ferguson, Chas. W., Auburn, Ala. Ferguson, Thos. Harry, 421 Broad St. Lake Geneva, Wis. Ferguson, Wm. Prince, 316 Second St., Grenada, Miss. Ferneyhough, James G., Box 656, Richmond, Va. Ferneyhough, R. E., Lee St., Warrenton, Va. Fernsler, Frank W., 629 Chestnut St., Lebanon, Pa. Ferrand, Wm. S., Gilmore City, Towa. Ferrin, Amos G. 411 W. 11th St., Sioux Falls, S. D. Ferriols, Vicente, Bureau of Agriculture, Manilla, : ages Ferro, R. Bs 522 Buchanan St., Lafayette, La. Ferron, Eugene, Canea Valley Agri. Co., Palimra, Valle, Co- lumbia, S. C. Fess, Frank J., 567 Dragoon Ave., Detroit, Mich. Fessler, Ralph H., 225 N. High St., Harrisonburg, Va. Fetter, George E., 71 Commonwealth Road, Watertown, Mass. Feuring, Charles R., 1116 Mulberry St., Waterloo, Iowa. Finley; Lester C., Lapel, Ind. Finn, Lt. James Albrich, Vinita, Okla. Fischer, Paul, Reynoldsburg, Ohio. Fish, Pierre A., 931 E. State St., Ithaca, N. Y. Fisher, Carl Frederick, Garden City, Mo. Fisher, Lt. Adam, 303d Cav., Troop B, Camp Stanley, Leon Springs, Tex. Fisher, August M., 3800 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago, II. Fisher, Carl W., 420 A St., San Mateo, Cal. Fisher, Chas. Wm., 117 8S. 4th St., Danville, Ky. Fisher, Robt. F., 429 3rd St., Paducah, Ky. Fisher, 8. O., Liberty, W. Va. Fisher, W. W., Seward, Neb. . Fisk, Alexander G., Greeley, Col. Fitch, Clifford P., University Farm, St. Paul, Minn. Fitch, Earl W., Merrell & Roule Co., Arcade, N. Y. Fitch, Edward Henry, McHenry, N. D. Fitch, W. H., Maquoketa, Lowa. Fitzpatrick, Arthur C., 8 Forest St., Cambridge, Mass. Fitzpatrick, Lt. D. B. ¢/0 Horseshoers’ School, Fort Sam Hous- ton, Tex. Flack, E. R., Enterprise, Ore. Flaherty, James J., 127 Meadow St., New Haven, Conn. Flanagan, Asa, Wakefield, Kans. Flanagan, David J., 4815 S. Union Ave., Chicago, Il. Flanigan, Joseph e Box 464, Albuquerque, N. M. Flanagan, Russell J. 4339 Calumet Ave., Chicago, Il. MEMBERS OF THE A. VY. M. A. 511 Flanary, Wm. F., St. Charles, Minn. Fleming, J. J., Colusa Co., Arbuckle, Cal. Fleming, Jas., 23 Federal Bldg., Kansas City, Kans. Flocken, Charles F., 2624 Emerson Ave., 8., Minneapolis, Minn. Flook, Bertram C., Eriksdale, Manitoba, Canada. | Flora, Loren, 314 San. Train., 89th Div., M. S. A., Camp Fun- ston, Kans. Flowe, B. B., Raleigh, N. C. Flowe, Homer Patrick, Ft. Riley, Kans. Flower, E. P., P. O. Box 24, Baton Rouge, La. Flowers, Royal G., 3rd and Main St., Ft. Worth, Tex. Fogle, Charles W., Leipsic, Ohio. Foley, Lt. John W., Co. 28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Folse, Charles D., 3906 Troost St., Kansas City, Mo. Folsom, Edward Graham, Watson Bldg., Fairmount, W. Va. Foltz, W. C., ¢/o City Health Department, Lincoln, Neb. Foos, Arthur C., 126 N. Laurel St., Hazleton, Pa. Ford, Robert Thomas, Wingham, Ont. Forge, Louis A., 561 Washington St., Burlington, Wis. Formad, Robert J., B. A. I., Washington, D. C. Forsythe, R. H., 307 Ist Ave., S., S. St. Paul, Minn. Fortune, S. G., 2067 W. 87th St., Cleveland, Ohio. Fortz, Lt. W. E., A. R. D., Camp Jackson, Columbia, S. C. Fosbinder, Harry R., 1123 Highland Ave., Hollywood, Cal. Foster, J. D., 126 N. State St., Newton, Pa. Foster, J. P., Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. Foster, Lloyd E., Greenfield, Lowa. Foster, Major Robert J., Vet. Div. Surgeon General Office, Washington, D. C. Foster, Thos. J., Monticello, Il. Foust, Harry L., Agricultural College, North Dakota. Fowler, W. J. A., 464 Bathurst St., Toronto, Ont. Fox, David F., 1215 15th St., Sacramento, Cal. Fox, LeRoy B., 215 Exchange Bldg., Oklahoma City, Okla. Fox, Wm. W., Hummelstown, Pa. Frakes, Wm. H., Maquoketa, Iowa. Frances, A. H., Box 226, Kearney, Neb. Francis, M., College Station, Tex. Francoise, Wm. I., c/o B. A. I., Sioux City, lowa. Frank, Harve, c/o Camp Veterinarian, Camp Funston, Kans. Frank, J. E., Indianola, Iowa. Frank, John W., P. O. Box 291, Nelson, B. C. Franks, C. Clyde, Grimes, Iowa. Franz, J. Louis, 2111 Martha St., Omaha, Neb. Franzman, Peter A., ¢/o Kohns Packing Co., Davenport, Iowa. Fraser, J. Heywood, New Glasgow, N. S. Fraser, Thomas, 316 N. Henry St., Richmond, Va. Fraser, Walter, 85th Division, Camp Custer, Mich. Frazier, Chas. B. S., 5052 Cottage Grove Ave., Chicago, Il. Frederick, Charles B., 416 Walnut Ave., N. E., Canton, Ohio. 512 MEMBERS OF THE A. V. M. A. Frederick, Hyram J., College Hill, Logan, Utah. Frederick, qi 4310 8. 23rd St., Omaha, Neb. Freed, B. M., 12 8. Dock St., Sharon, Pa. Freed, O. F. ’ Huxley, Towa. Freeman, Carl Elmo, P. O. Box 195, White Oakes, N. M. Freeman, J. C., Enid, Okla. : French, A. 1 I 1518 3rd Ave., N., Birmingham, Ala. French, Alexander W. , Cheyenne, Wyo. French, C.F. Rockland, Me. Frese, George L., 309 11th St., Toledo, Ohio. Frey, Jesse J., R. R. 4, Box 954, Sacramento, Cal. Fridrici, Ulyses G., 204 Pine St., Tamaqua, Pa. ~ Friedheim, Louis, Rock Hill, S. & Friedley, S M.., 308 Hume Mansur Bldg., ineaneputie Ind. Frost, Charles Ernest, Stryker, Ohio. Frost, George P., 5207 Broadway Ave., Chicago, Ill. Frost, James N., 919 E. State St., Ithaca, N. Y. Frothingham, Langdon, 336 Bay State Road, Boston, Mass. Frush, C. W., Belle Isle and W. Liberty Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. Fry, Hugh L., e/o Live Stock Board, Old Capitol Bldg., Jack- son, Miss. | Frye, Fred C., 1948 Calhoun St., St. Joseph, Mo. Fuller, C. E., Beach, N. D. Fuller, Geo. S., 170 Common St., Lawrence, Mass. Fuller, George S., 1715 N. 12th St., Philadelphia, Pa. Fuller, John Russell, 101 W. Commercial St., Weiser, Idaho. Fuller, Lt. Roy W., Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Fulstow, Harry, Norwalk, Ohio. Fulstow, Capt. Phil. H., Div. Vet., 15th Div., Camp Logan, Houston, Tex. Funkhouser, George M., 410 Main St., Lafayette, Ind. Gain, J. H., State Farm, Lincoln, Neb. Gaines, Chas. H., Chilhowee, Mo. Galbraith, Alister Russell, Garfield, Wash. Gall, Capt. H. C., A. R. D. 310, Camp Sevier, S. C. Gall, William, Mattewan, N. J. Gallagher, Bernard Alfred, B. A. I., Washington, D. C. Gallagher, Peter J., 901 Union National Bank Bldg., Colum- bia, S. C. Galligan, Michael V., P. O. Box 567, Lethbridge, Alberta. Galloway, Capt. Peter F., 3106 Henry St., Richmond, Va. Gamble, Henry S., 1329 Gallatin St., N. W., Washington, D. C. Gamrath, Carl L., 52 E. Washington St., Fairfield, Iowa. Gandy, M. H., Office L. S. San. Bd., Baton Rouge, La. Gannett, R. W., 74 Adams St., Brooklyn, N. Y. Gansel, Bruno E., 717 N. 9th St., E. St. Louis, M1. Gardner, Chas. M., Portland, Ore. Gardner, Chennie A., 122 Elm St., Claremont, N. H. Gardner, Clyde A., 50 Granite St., Brooklyn, N. Y. Gardner, Lt. J. P., Co. 31, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. ~ MEMBERS OF THE A. V. M. A. 513 Garman, R. A., 814 Superior Ave., Tomah, Wis. Garrett, S. B. , Pleasantville, Towa. Garside, Peter, Beurbon, Ind. Garvey, James Joseph, Box 383, Alexandria, Va. Gaskill, Lt. Roy, Kelly Field, San Antonio, Tex. Gaston, W.N., Arnold Hall, Fort Riley; Kans. Gates, Wm. ib. Clarksdale, Miss. Gauvin, EA, 293 Lasalle Road, Verdun, Mont., Que. Gay, Carl W., University Farm, St. Paul, Minn. Gearhart, D. C., 215 S. St. Clair St., Pittsburgh, Pa. Gearhart, F. C., B. of Agri., Manilla, P. I. Geick, Wm., South Auburn, Neb. Geiger, Milton John, Croswell, Mich. Gemmill, A. D., 220 E. Livingston Bt. Celina, Ohio- Genereux, Damase, 438 Amherst, Montreal, ‘Que., Canada. George, Frank a. Plain City, Ohio. | George, Harrison H., 537 Federal Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio. George, John Harwood, 60 Tiverton A-ve., Toronto, Ont., Canada. Gerber, D. W., 1207 N. Broadway, Oklahoma City, Okla. Gerdes, Herman E., Phoenix, Ariz. Gest, Lt. J. F., A. R. D. 314, Camp Beauregard, La. Getty, Wm. A., Fairmont, Minn. Getz, Harry Rohrer, U. S. B. A. I., Mena, Ark. Getz, Leon M., 310 Walnut St., Atlantic, Iowa. Gibson, A., 1617 2nd Ave., Birmingham, Ala. Gibson, G. D., Adrian, Mich. z Gibson, Jonathan E., 308 Hume Mansur Bldg., Indianapolis, Ind. Gibson, James Irwine, State House, Des Moines, Iowa. Gibson, S. J., Govan, Sask., Canada. Giffee, Joe W., Box 414, Norfolk, Neb. Gilbert, Lt. G. E., 2448S. T., Camp Meade, Md. Gilbert, Lt. R. D., 34th Field Art., Camp McClellan, Ala. Gilchrist, Willard D., 413 'S. 16th St., E., Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Gilchrist, Wm. T., 410 Church St., Norfolk, Va. Gilfillan, Lt. J. Earle, Co. 31, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Gilgen, Fred, Box 92, Eaton, Col. Giles, Walter M., Franklin, Tenn. Gill, Arthur, Truro, Nova Scotia. Gillen, Solon, 537 Federal Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio. Gillespie, Andrew, British Remt. Commission, Newport News, Va. Gillespie, John F., 496 4th Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. Gillette, Geo. H., 108 E. Court St., Ottumwa, Iowa. Gillies, D. R., 6058 Michigan Ave., Chicago, Il. Gilliland, S. H., Ambler, Pa. Giltner, L. T., B. A. I., Path. Div., Washington, D. C. Giltner, Ward, E. Lansing, Mich. Gilyard, Arthur T., 74 Phoenix Ave., Waterbury, Conn. Gimper, Wm. S., 1616 Boas St., Harrisburg, Pa. Gingery, John B., 1030 Bluemont Ave., Manhattan, Kans. 514 MEMBERS OF THE A. V. M. A. Gish, A. H., 3178S. Main St., Eldorado, Kans. Gjertson, A. G., 4418 S. 21st St., S. Omaha, Neb. Glacken, E. L., ‘Richwood, Ky. Glass, Alexander, 2321 sone St., Philadelphia, Pa. Gleason, Matthew E., 2724 Monterey St., San Antonio, Tex. Glendenning, C. G., 115 W. Washington St., Clinton, II. Glenn, H. H., 615 E. 7th St., Oklahoma City, Okla. Glenn, Jas. C., Norway, Iowa. Glennon, James T., 27 Clay St., Newark, N. J. Glover, Albert D., Sea Belle, Mo. Glover, Edward K., 317-325 Argyle Bldg., Kansas City, Mo. Glover, George H., Fort Collins, Col. Glover, George 8., 3509 Huntington Ave., Newport News, Va. Glynn, Frank J., Chester, N. Y. Glynn, Laurence L., Center, Col. Gooch, B. F., 308 Michigan Ave., Pueblo, Col. Gochenour, Lt. R. B., Co. 28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Gogerty, John D., 112 8. 12th St., Mt. Vernon, N. Y. Gohn, Horace M., St. Johns, Mich. Goldberg, Samuel A., Ithaca, N. Y. Golden, George E., B. A. I., Des Moines, Iowa. Golding, Cyril, Hanalei, Kanai, T. H. Good, Lt. Geo. H., ¢/o Div. Vet., Div. Hdqrs., Camp Meade, Md. Goodman, A. A., Mobile Vet. Sec. 152, Ft. Bliss, Tex. Goodrich, Ernest Clayton, 2306 W. Jefferson St., Louisville, Ky. Goodwin, Jas. Arthur, P.'O. Box 584, New Iberia, La. Goodwin, Perey Walker, Wrights, Cal. Gootee, Lt. Leo M., Hdqrs. Mil. Police, Camp Meade, Md. Gordon, George, 503 S. Douty St., Hanford, Cal. Gordon, George, Gibson City, Ill. Gordon, G. C., Richmond, II. Gordon, William D., 268 W. Santa Clara St., San Jose, Cal. Gordon, Lt. Wm. D., Crothersville, Ind. Gordon, W. M., 3605 6th Ave., Sioux City, lowa. Gore, Truman E., 111 W. Pike St., Clarksburg, W. Va. Gorsuch, Dickinson, Cockeysville, Md. Goss, Leonard W., Agricultural College, Manhattan, Kans. Gossett, John L., McKinney, Tex. Gould, J. H., 1019 High St., Des Moines, Iowa. Gould, J. N., Box 211, Worthington, Minn. Gow, Ronald Montgomery, Old State House, Little Rock, Ark. Grabb, Edward A., Bethany, Ill. Grady, Wm. J., Lankin, N. D. Graefe, H. M., 2030 Park Place, Wichita, Kans. Graf, John, 2nd Ave., W., Cresco, lowa. Graff, Carl L. P., Bisbee, N. D. Grafke, Harry, 606 Flatiron Bldg., Fort Worth, Tex. Graham, Chas. R., Exch. Bldg., Government Office, National Stock Yards, Ill. Graham, Gerald D., P. O. Box 488, Bisbee, Ariz. MEMBERS OF THE A. Y. M. A. 515 Graham, G. G., 1320 Main St., Kansas City, Mo. Graham, Lt. Hugh C. _ Barrytown, Mich. Graham, James, 41 E. Bringhurst St., Germantown, Philadel- phia, Pa. Graham, James W., 2030 N. Capitol St., Washington, D. C. Graham, Leroy B., 369 S. 18th St., Cedar Rapids, lowa. Graham, Oswald H., c/o N. C. Dept. of Agri., Raleigh, N. C. Graham, Ralph, Box 59, Jefferson City, Mo. Graham, Robert G., Dept. Med. Lav., U. S. A., 510 Hurt Bldg., Atlanta, Ga. Graham, T. i Box 345, Arthur, Ill. Grange, EB. A. ‘Ae 110 University Ave., Toronto, Ont. Grapp, Gustav Hi, 3900 Clifton Ave., Baltimore, Md. Grau, Jeppe Andrew, Box 124, South Auburn, Neb. Graves, Fred W., Wingate, Ind. Graves, Henry T., Pujallup, Wash. Gray, Fred Summer, Miles City, Mont. Gray, W. J., Abbeville, La. Graybill, G. M., Milford Square, Pa. Graybill, Harry W., Rockefeller Institute, Princeton, N. J. Greeder, Herman, P. O. Box 249, Enid, Okla. Green, B. F., Cumby, Tex. Green, Laurence E., Box 33, Woodbury Heights, N. J. Green, L. Kenneth, 37 Knight St., Auburn, Me. Green, Lt. Robt. L., Co. 30, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Greenlee, C. W., 610 7th Ave., Beaver Falls, Pa. Greenler, W. J., Essex Co., Georgetown, Mass. Greenwood, E. 8., Box 458, Laurens, Iowa. Greenwood, Capt. Ross Allen, A. E. F., Div. Vet. Hdqrs., 77th Div., France. Greer, John, Saranac Lake, N. Y. Gregory, G., 3509 Huntington Ave., Newport News, Va. Gregory, Marvin, 312 Gazette Bldg., B. A. I., Little Rock, Ark. Gregory, R. A., Stuttgart, Ark. Gregory, Wm. G., Ft. Worth, Tex. Greeson, J. O., Kokomo, Ind. Griest, Homer Ty. 2312 ond St., Omaha, Neb. Griffin, Capt. Chas. J., Vet. Training Camp, Camp Lee, Va. Griffin, Clarence E. , Armstrong, Ill. Griffin, Lt. Wm. C., ‘Mobile Vet. See. 153, Camp Harry J. Jones Douglass, Ariz. Griffith, J. W., 200 B Ave., East, Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Griffith, Roscoe C., Route 1, Ft. Worth, Tex. Griffiths, Clayton B., Baileyville, Kans. Grigsby, J. R., Wray, Col. Grimes, W., 53 Forest Ave., Hawthorne, N. J. Grizzell, C. N., Macksville, Kans. Graff, B. W., 20 North St., Massillon, Ohio. Grogan, Joseph P., 909 Ashland Ave., Baltimore, Md. Gross, Lt. Fred, 5907 Lake Ave., St. Joseph, Mo. 516 MEMBERS OF THE A. V. M. A. Gross, John L., B. of Agriculture, Manilla, P. L Gross, R.C., Elizabethtown, Pa. Grossman, i. S., 409 Spencer Trask Bldg., Albany, N. Y. Grossman, Jas. dD: Sta. A., Ames, Iowa. Grove, John S., 215 Exchange Bldg., Oklahoma City, Okla. Grover, Arthur L., 65 9th Ave., New York City, N. Y. Groves, Jno. W., 40 York St., E., Hamilton, Ont. Grubb, C. M., Box 202, Rockville, Md. Gruber, John N., Lexington, Neb. Gruber, John T., 316 N. Main St., Marion, Ohio. Grunwold, Chas. H., 1506 S. 25th St., St. Joseph, Mo. Grutzman, Capt. Walter R., Ft. Oglethorpe, Ga. Guard, Willard F., lowa State College, Ames, Iowa. Guffey, Lt. Harland M., 12th Ammun. Train., Camp McClel- lan, Ala. Guilfoyle, H. N., Franklin, La. Guldner, Lt. Roy C., Co. 45, Bn. 12, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Gunn, Nelson T., Butte, Mont. Gunster, Francis, Box 361, Heppner, Ore. Guillaume, Michael, 63 E. 56th St., Chicago, II. Gutschenritter, E. L., 212 1st St., N., Virginia, Minn. Guyselman, P. C., Montrose, Col. Gysel, Robert, 9333 Escanaba Ave., Chicago, III. Habecker, I. N., 104 W. 42nd St., New York, N. Y. Hackett, Clair Newton, 1124 Selby Ave., St. Paul, Minn. Hadley, Frederick B., University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. Hadwin, Seymour, Experiment Farm, Ottawa, Ont. Haffer, John W., 49 Pearl St., Paterson, N. J. Hagan, Wm. A., c/o N. Y. State Vet. Col., Ithaca, N. Y. Hagedorn, John C., 4224 8. Union St., Chicago, I]. Hagerty, H. J., 5th and Clay Sts., Dubuque, Lowa. Haggard, C. H., Laverne, Minn. Haggerty, L. V., 3812 Stone Ave., Sioux City, Lowa. Hahn, Lt. Walter, Aux. Remount Depot 311, Centaur, Ga. Haigh, Lt. Henry H., Vet. Hosp. 2, A. E. F., France. Haines, W. Albertson, Bristol, Pa. Halkin, Israel H., 1426 Clinton Ave., Bronx, New York, N. Y. Hall, Arthur George, Earlville, N. Y. Hall, Clifford L., Room 303, Live Stock Exchange Building, Denver, Col. Hall, Harry W., 627 N. Federal Ave., Mason City, Iowa. Hall, Maurice C., Research Lab., Parke-Davis & Co., Detroit, Mich. Hall, Orlan, 92 4th St., Ottawa, Ont. Hall, Willis Franklin, Holdenville, Okla. Halliday, Robert, Jr., 21 W. 32nd St. , Bayonne, N. J. Hallman, E. T., 383 Sunset Lane, East Lansing, Mich. © Halloran, John L., Broad and Quinn Sts., Stapleton, Staten Island, Ns ¥; Hallquist, Ralph August, Osla, Minn. ee ee i es Pi el ee et re MEMBERS OF THE A. V. M. A. 617 Halsey, Fred D., 1123 Kansas Ave., E. St. Louis, III. Halstead, Wm. E., 19 Judson St., Binghamton, N. Y. Halton, John M., 123 G St., Salt Lake City, Utah. Halverson, Harold M., P. O. Box 354, Yankton, S. D. Hamblet, C. A., 495 Varnum Ave., Lowell, Mass. Hamilton, Chas. A., Lexington, Ky. Hamilton, Lt. Geo. W., France. Hamilton, Herbert B., 79 Hillman St., New Bedford, Mass. Hamilton, Howard M., Paris, Ky. Hamilton, M., 364 Main St., Delhi, N. Y. Hamilton, Robert, 502 Fort St., Victoria, B. C. Hamilton, Wm. A., St. Johnsbury, Vt. Hammers, L. A., Clearwater, Kans. Hammond, Harry J., Box 338, Sacramento, Cal. Hammond, Wm. L., Buffalo, Wyo. Hampton, R .M., 1420 Farwell Ave., Chicago, Il. Handley, Lt. George A., Three Oaks, Mich. Handley, John Isaac, Ist Div., H. B. N., Amer. Tren A. Bohs France. Handley, Jno. M., 7605 S. Morgan Ave., Chicago, I]. Haney, W. F., 1518 9th St., Modisto, Stanislaus, Co., Cal. Hannon, Joseph, 2227 N. Racine Ave., Chicago, IIl. Hansen, Frederic W., A. R. D. 320, Camp Custer, Mich. Hansen, James W. G., 511 N. Lafayette St., Greenville, Mich. Hansen, W. L., Green, Iowa. Hanshaw, E., 166 Carlton Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. Hanson, H. D., Darien, Conn. Hanson, Peter, College Station, Pullman, Wash. Hanvey, Major George A., Div. Vet., 84th Div., A. E. F., France. Hardenbergh, James Ball, 39th and Woodland Ave., Philadel- phia, Pa. Hardenbergh, John S., Army Veterinary Laboratory, 39th and Woodland Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. Hardman, Russel T., Kyger, W. Va. Hargrave, J. C., Deminion Vet. Institute, Medicine Hat, Alberta. Haring, Clarence M., Agri. Exp. Sta., Berkeley, Cal. Harkins, Maleome J., 1032 E. Hector St., Conshohacken, Pa. Harmening, Lt. A. H. F., 523 Fullerton Parkway, Chicago, II. Harper, B. E., Hooper, Neb. Harries, Thos. B., Wessex Div. Vet., Romsey Hauts, Hiyetane. Harrington, C. F,, 679 Grant St., Denver, Col. Harrington, E. T., 873 Broadway, S. Boston, Mass. Harris, A. W., 78 4th Ave., Ottawa, Ont. Harris, E. D., Remount Depot, Camp McClellan ,Ala. Harris, Victor H., Ruston, La. Harrison, W. F., 329 Broad St., Bloomfield, N. J. Harry, Charles Edward, Anita, Iowa. Hart, Chas. Henry, Hankinson, N. D. Hart, George H., Vet. Div., Univ. Calif., Berkeley, Cal. Hart, James, Lathrop, Mo. 518 MEMBERS OF THE A. V. M. A. Hart, L. G. W., Chippewa Falls, Wis. Hart, Wm. J., Wetmore, Kans. Hartenstein, F. H., New Freedom, Pa. Harter, H. L., Elk Point, S. D. Harthill, Alexander, 707 Green St., Louisville, Ky. Hartke, Lt. George B., 95th Div., Camp Sherman, Ohio. Hartman, J. D., 6705 Lansdowne Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. Hartman, J. L., 6705 Lansdowne Ave., Philadelphia, Pa . Hartman, Wm. J., State Col. of Agri., Bozeman, Mont. Hartmann, Geo. R., 2712 N. 21st St., St. Louis, Mo. Harvey, Richard, 323 N. State St., Indianapolis, Ind. Hasenmiller, Fred H., 607 W. 2nd St., Davenport, Iowa. Haskins, Albert B., 321 E. 3rd St., Davenport, Iowa. Hassell, Chester, 3601 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. Hassloch, August, 400 W. 50th St., New York, N. Y. Hastings, Clarence Chas., Williamsville, Ill. Hauber, John F., 209 Illinois Ave., St. Joseph, Mo. Hauer, Walter H., 4201 Berkeley Ave., Chicago, Ill. Haven, Elmer F., c/o Armour & Co., 8th and Talleyrand, Box 359, Jacksonville, Fla. Havner, H. H., State College, Pa. Havreburg, Arne H., Olivia, Minn. Hawke, Walter L., Dunmore, Alta. Hawkin, Joseph, 184 Stanton Ave., Detroit, Mich. Hawley, H. W., 800 Exch. Bldg., Stock Yards, Kansas City, Mo. Haworth, Chas. C., Donnellson, Ill. Haworth, Frank E., 218 Live Stock Exch. Bldg., Fort Worth, Tex. Hawthorne, G. A., Clarinda, Iowa. Haxby, J. W., 6th St. and 3rd Ave., Clarinda, Iowa. Hay, Leopold, 5th St. and 1st Ave., Faribault, Minn. Hayden, Charles Ernest, 108 Irving Place, Ithaca, N. Y. Hayes, Fred M., University Farm, Davis, Cal. Hayes, Jesse, 906 King St., Alexandria, Va. Hayes, John J., Union Stock Yards, Armour, Chicago, Ill. Haynie, Elton H., 602 Independence Ave., St. Joseph, Mo. Haynes, Jas. B., Gallatin, Tenn. Haynes, M. C., Springfield, Tenn. Haynes, Wilford Ashton, Jackson, Mich. Hays, Clark H., 307 Hume Mansur Bldg., Indianapolis, Ind. Hayward, Charles J., 4810 S. 23rd St., Omaha, Neb. Hazlet, Samuel K., Box 595, Oelwein, Iowa. Hazlewood, Robert V., Bessemer, Ala. Hazzard, Charles Appleton, 1408 Lagonda Ave., Ft. Worth, Tex. Head, Capt. C., Hdqrs. 81st Div., Off. of Div. Vet., Camp Se- vier, Greenville, S. C. Head, Lewis W., 835 53d St., Chicago, Il. Healey, Thomas W., 461 N. 2nd St., San Jose, Cal. Healy, James S., 2151 Dayton Ave., St. Paul, Minn. MEMBERS OF THE A. V. M. A. = Heath, Capt. Warren E., 340th Bn., 89th Div. PeAY ACES Y., France. Hecker, Frank, 211 Kress Bldg., Houston, Tex. Hedley, Clarke, Conway, S. C. Hedrick, Horace A., 2606 Gilford Ave., Baltimore, Md. Heer, Rufus S., 115 W. 4th St., Platteville, Wis. Heiny, Edgar, Swanquarter, N. C. Heinz, Wm. C., 4338 Berkeley Ave., Chicago, II. Heller, Edward, Chilton, Wis. Helmar, Jacob, 327 Madison Ave., Scranton, Pa. Hemphill, John F., 428 Dexter St., Clay Center, Kans. Henderson, A. M., Aurora, Il. Henderson, Edwin P., Houlton, Me. Henderson, Levi Charles, Box 209, Idaho Falls, Idaho. Henderson, W. A., 11 Daley Ave., Stratford, Ont. Hendren, O. T., 6645 Ridge Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. Hendren, Samuel G., 11 E. Market St., Lewistown, Pa. Hendrick, M. Park, 470 Walnut St., Meadville, Pa. Henneberger, W. B., Box 254, Walla Walla, Wash. Hennessey, Wm. James, 132 Front St., Worcester, Mass. Henning, Henry, 530 E. 17th St., New York, N. Y. Henno, Lt. Gustave B., 12th San. Train., Camp Devans, Mass. Henrich, Leo Otto, Vacaville, Cal. - Herbert, Lt. W. L., c/o Remount Depot, Camp Meade, Md. Herbott, Ed. K., 77th F. A., Camp Shelby, Miss. Herbott, Julius W., France. Herchenroeder, Francis L., 23 Federal Bldg., Kansas City, Kans. Hermann, J. W., Grove City, Pa. Herndon, Franklin C., Vet. Train. School, Camp Lee, Va. Hernsheim, J. T., 6222 Lakewood Ave., Chicago, Il. Herr, T. J., 331 E. 83rd St., New York City, N. Y. Herring, Laurence James, Wilson, N. C. Herrold, Wm. C., 3710 8. 23rd St., Omaha, Neb. Herron, Lt. James M., Bordentown, N. J. Herron, Lt. Lynn, Co. 30, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Herron, Moore Bryant, 128 W. Pike St. , Canonsburg, Pa. Hershey, Charles E., 172 E. Market St., Tiffin, Ohio. Hershey, Samuel E., Charlestown, W. Va. Hess, George W., 4322 Emerald Ave.,. Chicago, Ill. Hess, Lt. Henry E., Vet. Hosp., Camp Furlong, Columbus, N. M. Hess, Orlando B., 1420 R St., N. W., Washington, D. C. Hetherington, Lt. John L., V. T. S., Camp Lee, Va. © Hewitt, Earl Albon, Vet. Div., lowa State Col., Ames, Iowa. Hickman, R. W.., 2329 1st St., 'N. W. , Washington, D. C. Hickman, Capt. Thos. S., 1818 Cherry St., Kansas City, Mo. Hicks, Floyd i: _ Allegan, Mich. Hicks, Hazen HH. 501 Custom House Bldg. San Francisco, Cal. Hicks, T., 642 Irving St., Washington, D -C. Hiday, John L., Fortville, Ind. Higbee, M. R., Albert Lea, Minn. 520 MEMBERS OF THE A. V. M. A. Higgins, Chas. H., ¢/o Lederle Antitoxin Lab., Pearl River, N. Y. Hight, R. J., State Veterinarian, Tempe, Ariz. Hill, George H., Atkinson, Il. Hill, Henry N., 32 Sumny St., Hyde Park, Boston, Mass. Hill, James, Dagupan, Paugasinan, P. I. Hill, J. Bryan, Box 416, Bristol, Va. Hill, Robert C., W. Alexandria, Ohio. Hilliard, Will A., 630 McMillan Ave., Winnepeg, Manitoba. Hilton, George, 126 Lewis St., Ottawa, Ont. Hilton, Wm., British Remt. Depot, The Carrolls, St. Clair Ave., W. Toronto, Can. Hilty, Major Reuben, Div. Vet., 77th Div., Camp Upton, Long Island, N. Y. Himmelberger, Leo R., Stephenson, Mich. Himsel, Edward, 2820 F St., S. Side, Omaha, Neb. Hinckley, D. F., Watonga, Okla. Hinkle, Lt. T. B., 147 Griswald St., Delaware, Ohio. Hinkley, C. J., Carthage, S. D. Hinkley, Emmet R., 738 Market St., Sandusky, Ohio. Hirleman, Lt. Ward B., Office the Veterinarian, 4th F. A., Cor- pus Christi, Tex. Hittle, Raymond E., 812 E. Monroe St., Bloomington, II. Hobbs, C. W., 303 N. 16th St., Manhattan, Kans. Hobbs, Lucian E., Union Stock Yards, Wichita, Kans. Hobdy, Wm. Madison, 525 Chronicle Bldg., Houston, Tex. Hoberg, John, 96 Alfred St., Flat 2, Detroit, Mich. Hoekzema, O. F., McBain, Mich. Hoffeins, H. J., Co. 31, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Hofferd, Raymond M., 92nd Div. Vet. Detail, Ft. Riley, Kans. Hoffman, Lt. Henry A., Co. 30, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Hogan, Lt. Leo J., Farley, Iowa. Hogarty, John J., 2484 Webster St., Oakland, Cal. Hogg, Capt. Edwin, Hdqrs. 79th Div., A. E. F., France. Hogg, Capt. E. W., Hdqrs. 79th Div. Vet., A. E. F., France, via New York. Holby, Lt. V. A., 35th F. A., 12th Div., Camp McClellan, Ala. Holden, E. H., 23 Sanford St., Springfield, Mass. Holkenbrink, A. H., 2402 Duncan St., St. Joseph, Mo. Holkenbrink, F. W., 712 S. 10th St., St. Joseph, Mo. Hollecker, E. B., 600 N. 17th St., Kansas City, Mo. Hollenbeck, J. B., Bismarck, N. D. Hollingsworth, Frederick H., 39 4th St., Council Bluffs, Lowa. Hollingsworth, John B., 105 ‘Cambridge St., Ottawa, Ont. Hollingsworth, W. G., 411-413 Broadway, Utica, N. Y, Hollister, A. V., Clinton, Wis. Hollister, Wm. ti, Avon, Til. Hotn, Robert E., Rm. 29, Live Stock Exch., Wichita, Kans. Holmes, Walter Burdette, 225 Ki. Washington St., Springfield, Il. Holt, Archibald J., 1206 ‘Washington St., Charleston, W. Va. Holt, Cone Lloyd, 603 Roumain Bldg. ., Baton Rouge, La. Son oe eal MEMBERS OF THE A. ¥V. M. A. 521 Holzer, Joseph, Army Bldg., St. Paul, Minn. Homer, Lt. Horace Z., 113th Train. Hdqrs. and M. P., Camp Shelby, Miss. Honeywell, Chas. H., Kansas State Agri. College, Manhattan, Kans. Hood, Archibald John, 91 Clarwanald Ave., Montreal, Que. Hood, H. B., Lake City, S. C. Hoopes, Lt. Harry A., A. R. D. 316, Camp Gordon, Ga. Hoopes, Herbert, Bel Air, Md. Hoover, Lee C., Spiceland, Ind. Hope, Frederick S., 26 George St., Charleston, S. C. Hopkins, Lenly T., B. A. I., 5207 Ellis Ave., Chicago, II. Hopper, Lt. F. M., Co. 31, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Hopper, John B., 748 Maple Ave., Ridgewood, N. J. Hornbaker, Lt. Henry R., 321 F. A., Camp Gordon, Atlanta, Ga. Hornbaker, Jos. N., 3913 Kansas Ave., N. W., Washington, D. C. Horne, 8. J., Thomson, Ga. Horner, Glenn W., Westminster, Md. Horner, Lewis D., Main St. and Bower Ave., Woodstown, N. J. Horner, Perry W., Green Cove Springs, Fla. Hornlein, Otto, 42nd and Halsted Sts., Drovers Bank Building, Chicago, Ill. Horstman, Arthur William, 606 Flatiron Bldg., Fort Worth, Tex. Horstman, Edward, 603 Roumain Bldg., Baton Rouge, La. Horton, G. M., Mt. Sterling, Ky. . Horton, I. W., Moorefield, W. Va. Hoskins, Cheston Morris, 3452 Ludlow St., Philadelphia, Pa. _ Hoskins, H. Preston, P. O. Box 471, Detroit, Mich. Hoskins, W. Horace, 338 E. 26th St., New York City, N. Y. Houchins, Arthur Sydney, 80314 Grand Central Ave., Tampa, Fla. Houchins, Lt. James R., Div. Hdqrs., Camp Custer, Mich. Houck, U. G., B. A. I., Washington, D. C. Householder, E. B., Bement, Ill. Houston, Cecil, 933 Mound St., Milwaukee, Wis. Houston, Lt. F. D., Vet. Co. 1, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Houston, Wm. H., Fort Reno, Okla. Hover, E. V., 914 Rice Ave., Lima, Ohio. Howard, C. H., 217 Sheldon St., Houghton, Mich. Howard, Clarence T., Sullivan, Ind. Howard, L. H., 187 Huntington Ave., Boston, Mass. Howard, Wm. K., c/o Houston Packing Co., Houston, Tex. Howe, Lt. Harry H., Steilacoom, Wash. Howe, Lt. Ivan G., Scio, N. Y. Howe, Walter E., 444 Federal Bldg., Denver, Col. Howell, Edgar C., Jr., Bishop, Cal. Howell, L. A., Silver Lake, Kans. Howells, Lt. Owen, 12th F. A., Fort Myers, Va. Howes, Ben, Island Pond, Vt. 522 MEMBERS OF THE A. V. M. A Howett, Mark W., Brookville, Ohio. Howle, Thos. Blake, Oxford Ala. Hoylman, John L., 815 Williams Ave., Hastings, Neb. Hoyman, Harry J., Live Stock Exch. Bldg., S. St. Joseph, Mo. Hoyt, David M., A. R. D. 306, Camp Greene, N. C. Hubbell, Arthur D., R. F. D., Rialto, Cal. Hudson, Bentley F., Moweaqua, III. Hudson, Perey Wilbur, P. O. Box 155, Americus, Ga. Hueben, Frank W., Meridian, Miss. Huebachmann, John, 625 S. 3rd St., Baltimore, Md. Huelsen, J., 348 W. 118th St., New York City, N. Y. Huff, Logan B., Box 227, Aurora, Il. Huff, Lt. Raymond S., Co. 29, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Huff, Wilson, 401 W. Liberty St., Rome, N. Y. Huffman, Ludney R., R. R. 7, Paris, Ky. Hugins, Frank Almon, Bellevue, Neb. Huggins, Matthew James, 404 Spring St., Springfield, III. Hughes, A. N., 2001 Knoxville Ave., Peoria, Ill. Hughes, Arthur O., Mangum, Okla. Hughes, Joseph, 2537 S. State St., Chicago, Ill. Hughes, M. W., Rm. 303, Live Stock Exch. Bldg., Denver, Col. Hull, Martin, Franklin, Neb. Huls, Wm. J., Room 22, Federal Bldg., Topeka, Kans. Hunt, Clyde C., ¢/o J. Morrel Co., Sioux Falls, S. D. Hunt, Frank, 409 Cherry St., Jamestown, N. Y. Hunt, J. C., e/o Remount Depot, Camp Sheridan, Ala. Hunter, Ralph B., Castana, Lowa. Huntsberger, S. E., 7700 Yates Ave., Chicago, Il. Hurd, Roy B., 11th St. and 2nd Ave., 8., Payette, Idaho. Hurst, Dan W., 2964 O St., Lincoln, Neb. Hurst, Wilbur H., Sheldon, Lowa. Hurt, Leslie M., 665 N. Fair Oake Ave., Pasadena, Cal. Husband, Aubrey G., 4th St., Belmont, Manitoba. Huseby, L. A., Adams, Minn. Husman, Adam 0., c/o Dr. W. N. Neil, 42nd and Halsted Sts., Chicago, Il. Huston, Joseph W., Vet. Co. 1, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Huston, O. B., 2016 Jackson Ave., Wichita, Kans. Huston, S. S., 301 E. Part St., Jefferson, Iowa. Hutchinson, John, 3339 W. 66th Place, Chicago, Il. ~ Huthman, G. J., 415 E. 7th St., Portland, Ore. ; | Hutton; A. G., Rockbridge County, Lexington, Va. | Hutton, John P., East Lansing, Mich. Huyett, Walter G., Wernersville, Pa. Hyde, Andrew, 419 S. 63rd St., Philadelphia, Pa. Hyde, Roscoe, R. F. D. 3, Brookville, Ind. Hyde, Thomas F., Brookville, Ind. Hyland, Eugene H., Schuyler, Neb. Hylton, Floyd D., Box 612, Longmont, Col. Ide, Almond H., 28 Elm St., Lowville, N. Y Bayt ha a0 tare ST Ae PO eT Se OEE te me OR i. Shea ile (ia saa See et Fre ee a ey SES pe E = aa ee = MEMBERS OF THE A. V. M. A. 523 Imes, Marion, Room 22, Federal Bldg., Kansas City, Kans. Imler, F. A., Room 20, Federal Bldg., Kansas City, Kans. Ingram, F. A., Hartford, Conn. Ingram, G. D., Eutaw, Ala. Ingram, Wm. L., Florence, Ala. Irish, Lt. Harland S., Co. 30, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Irvine, D. A., 1127 Keele St., Toronto, Ont. Irwin, Samuel, 24 W. Jackson St., Battle Creek, Mich. Irwin, W. J., 336 W. Main St., Carlisle, Ky. Isaacson, 8. E., Exp. Sta., College Park, Md. Isbell, George P., E. 9th St., Hopkinsville, Ky. Ivens, Wm. Henry, 5328 Haverford Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. Iverson, John P., Box 287, Sacramento, Cal. Ives, Leland D., 109 Sterling St., Brooklyn, N. Y. Jackley, John G., Redlands, Cal. Jackson, R. E., 1108 Jefferson County Savings Bank Building, Birmingham, Ala. Jackson, Frank B., Camden, Ohio. Jackson, Wm. Peter, 429 Salem St., Chico, Cal. Jacob, M., 312 W. Church Ave., Knoxville, Tenn. Jacobs, Joseph, 65 E. 106th St., New York City, N. Y. Jacobs, Thos. Boyd, Newberry, 8. C. Jacobs, W. F., Nashua, Iowa. James, Lt. Wm. D., Co. 48, Bn. 12, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Jaffray, David S., Jr., 126 8S. Leavitt St., Chicago, Ill. Jago, Thos. E., Athens, Ga. Jakeman, Harry W., c/o Univ. of Nevada, Reno, Nev. Jakeman, Wm., P. O. Box 488, Glace Bay, Nova Scotia. Jakeman, Wm. Walter, Doyle St., Halifax, N.S. James, Major Thos. D., 1107 Washburn St., Scranton, Pa. James, Wm. Harold, 557 La Salle Road, Verdun, Que. Jameson, E. F., 832 Tanromer Ave., Kansas City, Kans. Jameson, John W., 817 Pleasant St., Paris, Ky. Jansen, John F., 813 N. Aurora St., Ithaca, N. Y. Jargo, L. N., c/o Dr. W. N. Neil, B. A. I., 42nd and Halsted Sts., Chicago, Ill. Jarman, Capt. G. A., 96th Div. Vet. Div., Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Jarrel, E. F., Ft. Worth, Tex. Jarvis, Elmer, Remount Depot, Camp Gordon, Atlanta, Ga. Jarvis, Lt. George J., Co. 48, Bn. 12, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Jefferies, Jos. R., 1140 Sutter St., San Francisvo, Cal. Jefferson, Jos. H., Chicago Junction, Ohio. Jeffrey, Fred M., Dundee, Mich. Jehle, Jose M., Grinnell, Iowa. Jelen, Frank, Box 734, Cedar Rapids, Lowa. Jenison, Joseph S., Room 20, Federal Bldg., Jersey City, N. J. Jenks, Ralph Collyer, 78 Croten Ave., Ossining, N. Y. Jennings, C. J., Morris, Minn. Jennings, J. Ellis, National Stock Yards, IIL. Jensen, H., 1320 Main St.. Kansas City, Mo 524 MEMBERS OF THE A. V. M. A. Jervis, Lt. H. B., 1205 Lady St., Columbia, S. C. Jervis, James G., P. O. Box 64, Strathmore, Alta. Jessen, Julius A., Shelby, Iowa. Jewell, Charles H., 4th Cav., Schofield Bar., Honolulu, T. H. Jimmerson, J. H., Newkirk, Okla. Johannes, Conrad John, 11136 62nd St., Edmonton, Alta. John, Carl Elkin, Buckhannon, W. Va. Johns, Clarence A., 50 E. Buchtel Ave., Akron, Ohio. Johnson, Aaron V., 103 E. Oak St., New Albany, Ind. Johnson, Bernard, Colville, Wash. Johnson, Ewing M., 6639 Justine St., Chicago, Ill. Johnson, Geo. A., Exchange Bldg., Sioux City, lowa. Johnson, George W., 8 W. 105th St., New York City, N. Y. Johnson, Harry S., Box 348, Central Park, Neb. Johnson, Homer, Bussey, Towa. J ohnson, Howard C., City Hall, c/o Health Dept., Portlaii. Ore. J ohnson, John B., 6812 E. End Ave., 3rd Apt.; Chicago, Til. J ohnson, Joseph, ¢/o Union Stock Yards, Lancaster, Pa. Johnson, Paul A., Old State House, Little Rock, Ark. Johnson, P. E., 302: W. 22nd St., New York City, N. Y. Johnson, Ralph H., Sherrard, Ill. Johnson, R. M., 2446 N. New Jersey St., Indianapolis, Ind. Johnston, Lt. E. J., 100 S. Massachusetts St., Sedalia, Mo. Johnston, Harold E., Box 195, Creston, Iowa. Johnston, Nerls A., 21 Lorne St., Wetaskiwin, Alberta. Johnston, Samuel H., 3729 N. 15th St., Philadelphia, Pa. Johnston, T. Fred, St. John, New Brunswick. Johnston, Wm. A., 501 W. Adams St., Taylorville, Ill. Jollie, Maleolm R., 1926 W. 71st St., Cleveland, Ohio. Joly, A., 237 Main St., Waterville, Me. Jones, Chas. A., N. Yakima, Wash. Jones, Capt. E. C., Camp Veterinarian, Camp Kearney, Cal. Jones, F. B., B. A. I., Springfield, Mo. Jones, Fred B., Dixon, Ill. Jones, F. B., 322 Raymond Ave., Louisville, Ky. Jones, Frank R., 1705 St. Louis Ave., Ft. Worth, Tex. Jones, Frederick R., Rockefeller Inst., Princeton, N. J. Jones, George Andrew, Box 102, Sedro-Wooley, Wash. Jones, Lt. G. B., Co. 45, Bn. 12, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Jones, George B., Sidell, Ill. Jones, Lt. Garnett M., Vet. Co. 1, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Jones, Lt. James K. 0/0 15th Div. Vet., Camp Logan, Tex. Jones, J. L., Blackburn, Mo. Jones, Lieut. L. L., 337 F. A., Camp Dodge, Iowa. Jones, James M., “Lewisburg, Tenn. Jones, Thos. A., 215 Exch. Bldg., Stock Yards, Oaklahoma City, Okla. Jones, Thos. K., Athens, Ill. Jones, Wm. F., 311 2nd St., E., MeCook, Neb. J opling, Wm., Cherokee, Towa. Oe sg gt Se ae ea Or MEMBERS OF THE A. V. M. A. 625 Jorgenson, Geo. E., Clermont, Iowa. Joss, Edward C., Room 402, U. S. Custom House, Portland, Ore. Joss, Jesse W., 327 Federal Bldg., E. St. Louis, III. Joy, James J., 62 Wilson Ave., Detroit, Mich. Joyce, C. O., Acton, Ind. Juckiness, Lt. E. M., A. R. D. 319, Camp Zachary Taylor, Ky. Juckiness, Paul, 617 N. 23rd St., S. Omaha, Neb. Juen, Henry T., c/o F. A. C. 0. T. S., Camp Taylor, Ky. Juhl, Chris E., Osage, Iowa. Julien, Albert H., 802 Bellows Ave., Columbus, Ohio. Julien, Ren. C., Delphi, Ind. Jung, Otto E., 1416 W. 22nd St., Oklahoma City, Okla. Jungerman, George T., Hiawatha, Kans. Juzek, Harry J., 424 Myrtle St., Sioux City, Iowa. Kackley, Oliver C., 168 Inf. Brig., Hdqrs., Camp Sherman, Ohio. Kailer, W. C., 2009 Wellington Place, Wichita, Kans. Kaiser, Albert John, Fresno Co., Kingsburg, Cal. ~ Kalkins, Julius W., 805 Linden Ave., Pullman, Wash. Kamper, J. S., Tuscaloosa, Ala. Kammerer, R. A., 700 S. Kingshighway, St. Louis, Mo. Kann, R. L., Mechanicsburg, Pa. Kannal, Harry J., Rensselaer, Ind. Kartrude, Eibert H., Jasper, Minn. Kauffman, Lt. George R. H., 12th Train. Hdqrs. and M. P., 12th Mobile Vet. Section, Camp Devens, Mass. Kaupp, B. F., W. Raleigh, N. C. Kay, Arthur Wesley, 267 Moffatt St., Brooklyn, N. Y. Kay, G. A., Box 157, Shelby, Iowa. Kaylor, James M., Barry, Ill. Kean, Thos. J., 1630 W. Sydenham St., Philadelphia, Pa. Kearley, Richard I., Aux. Remount Depot 312, Montgomery, Ala. Kearns, Floyd M., R. F. D. 1, Hillsdale, Ind. Keck, M. W., 746 Main St., Slatington, Pa. Keefe, E. M., Winters, Cal. Keehn, Wm. G., 2537 State St., Chicago, Ill. Keeley, Peter T., Box 135, Waterbury, Conn. Keene, Chas. A., 25 Beacon St., Fitchburg, Mass. Keene, Harry L., Shabbona, III. Keeper, Robert W., Greencastle, Pa. Keiter, Clinton F., 114 Ardmore Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. Keith, Clarence L., New Market, Iowa. Keller, Frank M., 404 N. Castle St., Baltimore, Md. Keller, T. O., Box 248, Peru, Ind. Kellogg, Edgar A., 1125 Ridenbaugh St., St. Joseph, Mo. Kellogg, Louis W., Hull, Iowa. Kelly, Lt. J. J., 29th Co., 7th Bn., Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Kelly, James Scott, 300 Federal Bldg., Wheeling, W. Va. Kelly, Roy, Knob Noster, Mo. Kelly, Wm. Henry, 233 Western Ave., Albany, N. Y. Kelpe, Henry O., Grant, N. M. 526 MEMBERS OF THE A. V. M. A. Kelser, Raymond A., Letterman Gen. Hosp., Laboratory Service, San Francisco, Cal. Kelsey, Harry R.., 1344 23rd St. , Newport News, Va. Kemp, Donald T., St. Louis, Mich. Kemper, Harry E. , Box 464, Albuquerque, N. M. Kempf, Silas, Roanoke, Ill. Kendrick, A. 'D. , Box 271, Homer, La. Keneley, Frank Thos., Twin Falls, Idaho. Kennecke, H. W., 17 Ist Inf. Brig., Camp Grant, II. Kennedy, ‘Edward D., 220 Postoffice Bldg., Ogden, Utah. Kennedy, James F., Bloomington, Wis. Kennedy, Rufus Terry, Bucyrus, Ohio. Kennedy, Wm. W., 74 E. 1st St., Fulton, N. Y. Kennelly, Burt F., Vet. Train. School, Co. 3, Camp Lee, Va. Kenney, Thos. G., Bismarck, N. D. Kenny, Lt. B. P., "Bn. ‘e Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Kepp, L. J., A. R. b., Camp Sevier, S. C. Keresey, D. R., 15 Bridge St., Danbury; Conn. Kern, Charles B., Beloit, Kans. Kern, E. W., c/o Claremont Inn, Omaha, Neb. Kern, Harry F., B. of Agri., Manilla, P. I. Kernkamp, i, G. H.. 2178 Scudder Ave., St. Paul, Minn. Kernohan, Edw.., Box 322, Beatrice, Neb. Kerr, C. i. E., c/o Macon Packing Co. , Macon, Ga. Kerr, John M.. Du Quoin, Il. Kerr, O. W., 2549 Lewis St., Fresno, Cal. Kerr, Wm. H., Sisterville, W. Va. Ketchum, F. D., 33 Exchange Bldg., Wichita, Kans. Kettlehorn, Arthur H., Broadway, Columbus, Wis. Kettler, H. H., 218 Live Stock Exch. Bldg., Ft. Worth, Tex. Keyes, Berton, 118 Falmouth St., Sydney, Cape Breton, N. S. Keys, Archibald A., 117 N. 10th St., Minneapolis, Minn. Kickbusch, Frank O., 956 Mound St., Milwaukee, Wis. Kidder, H. R., Ponea City, Okla. Kielsmeier, S. G., 72nd Inf. Brig. Hdqrs., Camp Bowie, Fort Worth, Tex. Kiernan, John A., B. A. I1., Washington, D. C. Kiff, Lt. W. J., Camp Sevier, 8. C. Kigin, Thos. F., 102 N. Green St., Tipton, Ind. Kigin, L. C., Lafayette, Ind. Kilian, E. H., 214 Pierre St., Manhattan, Kans. Kille, Wilmer B., R. F. D. 4, Vineland, N. J. Killham, B. J., Court House, Adrian, Mich. . Kimball, V. G., 39th St. and Woodland Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. Kineard, Lt. A. R., 331st F. A., 86th Div., A. E. F., France. Kindred, Thos. H., Hills, Minn. King, E. D, Jr., Box 1299, Mobile, Ala. King, Paul R., 82nd F. A., Camp Ft. Bliss, Tex. King, Samuel A., 514 E. Maple St., Des Moines, Iowa. King, W. M., 1671 Folsom St., San Francisco, Cal. MEMBERS OF THE A. V. M. A. 527 Kingan, J. C., 4082 Liberty Ave., Pittsburg, Pa. Kingman, H. E., State Agri. College, Ft. Collins, Col. Kingman, H. W., 18 Jerome St., Dorchester, Mass. Kingston, R. H., 41 Convent Ave., New York City, N. Y. Kinney, W. M., 1335 Grant St., Wooster, Ohio. Kinsey, Geo. W., 931 Market St., Wheeling, W. Va. Kinsley, Albert T., Room 401, New Centre Bldg., 15th and Troost St., Kansas City, Mo. e Kinsley, Christopher C., Oakley, Kans. Kinyon, B. F., Ladysmith, Wis. Kippen, N. A., Independence, Iowa. | Kirby, Amos C., Page, N. D. : Kirby, R., 85 Cooper St., Woodbury, N. J. . Kireh, Lawrence P., 315 Sanders St., Indianapolis, Ind. Kirkpatrick, J. I., Sedgwick, Kans. Kittrell, E. L., Augusta, Ark. ’ Kitzhofer, Lt. J. H., Co. 45, Bn. 12, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. | _ Kjerner, R., Chatfield, Minn. Klein, C. A.. 606 S. 31st Ave., Omaha, Neb. Klein, Lonis A., 39th and Weodland Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. Kline, A. J., Fulton St., Wauseon, Ohio. Kline, George Johr., 4225 S. 21st St., Omaha, Neb. ‘ Kliphardt, Wm. A., 3525 Wyandotte St., Kansas City, Me. 4 Klotz, Jose W., Noblesville, Ind. , Knapp, Albert C., 2414 North Ave., Bridgeport, Conn. 4 Knapp, C. A., Milbrook, N. Y. Knapp, Valentine M., 37 New St., Danbury, Conn. 4 Knight, Ralph F., 109 W. Henley St., Olean, N. Y. Knowles, Albert D., 302 S. 4th St., W., Missoula, Mont. Knowles, Virgil W., Livingston, Mont. Knutzen, Virgil H., Chicot, Ark. Keech, Herman, 957 Bushwick Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. Koch, Julius, S. 2nd St., Downey, Cal. Kocher, Frank T., 206 W. Walnut St., Marietta, Pa. Koen, John S., Room 18, Federal Bldg., Des Moines, Iowa. Koll, Lt. Harry, lsn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Kolo, Ralph, 3471 Mississippi Ave., Riverside, Cincinnati, Obio. Koon, George H., Base Hospital, Camp Gordon, Ga. Koonce, Lafayette F., 324 S. Blown St., Raleigh, N. C. Koten, L. R., 491 E. 140th St., New York City, N. Y. Kragness, T. A., 6031 Wentworth Ave., Chicago, Ill. Kramer, W. C., Jamestown, Pa. Krause, C .A., Summerville, 8. C. Kreamor, Wilbur C., 1010 Market St., Sunbury, Pa. Kreider, W. E., 120 High St., Wadsworth, Ohio. Krenek, R. F., Vet. Train. School, Camp Lee, Va. Kreutzer, R. H.. 276 Newberry Blvd., Milwaukee, Wis. Kreuziger. M. W., 83rd Reg., F. A., Camp Fremont, Pain Alto, Cal. Krey, Theo. F., 451 Sheridan Ave., Detroit, Mich. 528 MEMBERS OF THE A. V. M. A. Krichel, Lt. J. H., Main St., Alexis, Il. Kroener, C. O., 1827 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago, III. Krohn, Lester David, 1465 60th St., Brooklyn, N. Y. Kron, O. J., 1886 Golden Gate Ave., San Francisco, Cal. Kronfeld, G. L., 101 Albany Ave., Hartford, Conn. Kubin, E. F. , McPherson, Kans. Kucher, ge C., 604. W. Jefferson St., Ft. Wayne, Ind. Kulp, A. | Box 349, Adel, Iowa. Kummer, Lt. John W., Co. 31, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. a Kushner, A., B. A. I., Cedar Vale, Kans. Kuttner, Abner K., Clarksville, Tex. Kyle, Lt. W. M., Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Lackie, H. T. D., Willow City, N. D. Lacroix, J. V., Vet. Train. School, Camp Lee, Va. Ladson, Thos. A., Hyattsville, Md. Laird, W. R., 503 S. 2nd Ave., Sioux Falls, S. D. Laitinen, Edwin, c/o Food Inspection Dept., Texarkana, Tex. La Mar, D. A., 105 N. Davidson St., Indianapolis, Ind. Lamb, Lt. C. P., Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Lamb, Chas. G., 1140 Corona St., Denver, Col. Lamb, Percy, 630 W. Hamden St., Englewood, Col. Lambert, Fonsa A., ¢/o O. S. U., Columbus, Ohio. Lambert, Frederick Wm., Box 29, New Windsor, Md. Lambrechts, T., P. O. Box 71, Montevideo, Minn. Lames, G., Dysart, Lowa. Land, L. M., Limestone and Short Sts., Lexington, Ky. Landon, Frank D. M., 16 Pleasant St., Great Barrington, Mass. Langdon, Harry B., R. F. D. 3, Charlestown, W. Va. Lange, A. W., Lake Mills, Wis. Langevin, J. O., 66 Blackburn Ave., Ottawa, Ont. Langford, W. E., Keysern, W. Va. Langford, Lt. S. M., 14th F. A., Ft. Sill, Okla. Laple, E., Vet. Dept., 345th F. A., A. E. F., France Largent, Bert H., Battle Ground, Ind. Larkin, Mark, c/o B. A. I., National Stock Yards, Il. Larson, Louis W., P. O. Block, Whitehall, Wis. Larson, Vernon S., Berlin, Wis. Lash, Chris. D., B. A. ee S. St. J oseph, Mo. Lash, Elmer, Room 605, ‘Millsaps Bldg., Jackson, Miss. Lasher, George Howard, Rutland, Ohio. Lassen, C. W., 516 Rush St., Pendleton, Ore. Latshaw, J oseph Bruce, Carruthersville, Mo. j Lauman, F. J., 3412 7th Ave. , Morningside, Sioux City, Iowa. i Law, James, No. 3, The Circle, Ithaca, N. Y. : Law, Samuel Thos., N. Stratford, N. H. : Law, Seth, Placer Co., Loomis, Cal. Lawrence, H. J., 2129 'S. Lemon St., Sioux City, Iowa. Lawson, Wm., 140 Gladstone Ave., Hamilton, Ont., Canada. Lawton, A. N., 2 Clinton Ave., Brodhead, Wis. . Layne, Ernest, Huntington, W. Va. MEMBERS OF THE A. V. M. A. 529 Leach, E. D., 333 Clinton St., Ft. Wayne, Ind. Leavy, John W., 813 7th St., Sioux City, Iowa. LeBlane, Lt. Joseph E., Paincourtville, La. Leckie, A. A., c/o Eldon Hotel, Kent St., Charlottetown, P. E. I. Le Claire, Thos. E., 110 6th Ave., E., Calgary, Alberta. Lee, Frank M., Grinnell, Iowa. Lee, J. D., 111th Tr. Hdqrs. and M. P., 36th Div., A. E. F., France. Lee, Lt. Thorvald M., Hdqrs. 31st Div., Macon, Ga. Lee, Walter Herbert, Brundridge, Ala. Lee, W. R., Columbus, Neb. Leech, G. E., 322 Main St., Winona, Minn. Leeper, Robert B., Stock Yards Station, Denver, Col. Lees, Arnold F., Red Wing, Minn. Lefler, H. P., 71414 N. 15th St., Ft. Dodge, Iowa. Legenhauser, A. H., 6336 Magnolia Ave., Chicago, Il. Legner, Arthur J., Leland, III. Lehman, Clifford L., Flanagan, III. Leibold, Lt. A. A., Vet. Hosp. 6, U.S. A., P. O. 731, A. E. F., France. Leighton, Harry F., 503 Mills Ave, Braddock, Pa. Leighty, Wm. R., Madison, Minn. Leinhardt, H. F., 13811 W. Laramie St., Manhattan, Kans. Leininger, Daniel B., Mounted Service School, Ft. Riley, Kans. Leininger, Monroe H., Andalusia, Ala. Leith, Fred J., 435 E. 50th St., Chicago, II. Leith, Thos. S., Station A, Ames, Iowa. Lemery, A. A., 1910 Central Ave., Kansas City, Kans. Lemley, George Grant, 2105 Cumming St., Omaha, Neb. Lenfestey, John H., Lyons, Ohio. Lenker, Lt. Carle B., 32nd Brig., Camp Kearney, Cal. Lent, Ernest E., Mansfield, La. Lenton, Capt. W., Commanding No. 8. V. E.8., B. E. F., France. Lentz, Wm. J., 39th and Woodland Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. Leonard, H. B., 122 State St., Albany, N. Y. Leslie, Roy F.., 6805 Bridge Ave., Cleveland, Ohio. Lett, Haskell, 111 W. 3rd St., Seymour, Ind. Letteney, James F., Rochester, N. H. Leutholt, Henry, 250 Main St., Taylor, Pa. Lewis, Harold M., 20 Railroad Square, Nashua, N. H. Lewis, Henry S., 110 Washington Ave., Chelsea, Mass. Lewis, James, Greenwood, Miss. Lewis, Seymour V., Glenwood City, Wis. Lewis, Walter K., 901 Union National Bank Bldg., Columbia, ag OF Lewis, Watson F., Waseca, Minn. Libby, Lt. R. E., Co. 29, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Lickenwalter, H. W. E., 1012 19th St., Sacramento, Cal. Lichty, J. M., 208 5th St., Sioux City, Iowa. Licking, L. A., 548 Linebarger Terrace, Milwaukee, Wis. 530 MEMBERS OF THE A. V. M. A. Likely, Chas. W., Aukey, Iowa. Linch, Charles, 122 State St., Albany, N. Y. Lincoln, Willis B., 1310 Adams St., Nashville, Tenn. Lindburg, O. Enoch, Box 625, Lincoln, Neb. ’ Linde, Charles A., 5802 Wentworth Ave., Chicago, Il. Lindsay, David, 1645 N. Hydraulic, Wichita, Kans. Lintner, John J., 6208 Blackstone Ave., Chicago, II. Lipp, Carl F., Room 603-4, Roumain Bldg., Baton Rouge, La. Lipp, Charles C., Brookings, S. D. Lipp, George A., Roswell, N. M. Livermore, Warren D., 2010 Prairie Ave., Chicago, Ill. Lobdell, Stephen C., 6S. 3rd St., Lafayette, Ind. Locke, George H., San Joaquin Co., Lockeford, Cal. Lockett, Stephen, Univ. of Nevada, Reno, Nev. Lockhart, Andrew A., 605 14th Ave., W., Calgary, Alta. Lockhart, Lt. A., Vet. Tr. School, Camp Lee, Va. Lodge, Lt. Harry G., Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Logan, Edward A., 1716 S. 33rd St., St. Joseph, Mo. Lohr, M , 1284 Westlake Ave., Lakewood, Ohio. Lombard, Charles M., 6025 Indiana Ave., Chicago, I]. Long, Albert, 144 Decatur St., Brooklyn, N. Y. Longley, Otis A., 2346 Valdez St., Oakland, Cal. Longnecker, Allen O., Hickman, Ky. Lorton, R. D., 4201 Berkeley Ave., Chicago, II. Lothe, Herbert, Waukesha, Wis. Louden, G. R., Rm. 606, Flatiron Bldg., Fort Worth, Tex. Love, Grover V., Main St., Chalmers, Ind. Love, Lt. J. R., V. T. S., Camp Lee, Va. Lovejoy, J. E., 735 Tuttle St., Augusta, Ga. Loveland, C. A., 336 E. 48rd St., Chicago, Il. Loveland, Grove W., 49 E. Main St., Torrington, Conn. Lovesee, R. G., Manson, Iowa. Low, Fredericks, Vet. Train. School, Camp Lee, Va. Lowe, oo Paid J efferson St., Passaic, N. J. Lowe, W. H., 117 Trenton Ave., Paterson, N. J. Lowell, J. A. Shawnee, Okla. Lowrey, Frederick H. S. , Dept. of Agri., Ottawa, Ontario. Lowry, W. Leslie, Manito, Ill. Lueas, Clinton E. Olney, Tl. Lucey, Leander I., A. R. D. 311, Macon, Ga. Luckey, Richard J., 1206 1st Ave., Eau Claire, Wis. Ludgate, Francis, 1416 4th Ave., N., Ft. Dodge, Lowa. Ludwig, Lt. Herman T., 3615 Tron St., Chicago, Il. Lueder, Charles A., 752 'N. Front St. , Morgantown, W. Va. Lueth, John A., 123 E. Broadway, Council Bluffs, Iowa. Lukes, Harry, 441 Sumner Ave. , Springfield, Mass. Lull, Elmer L., Parma, Idaho. Lumb, J. W., 1007 Nebraska St., Sioux City, Iowa. Lumby, Chas. Louis, 3043 W. Fullerton Ave., Chicago, Ill. Lundell, Alvin O. Live Stock Exch. Bldg., S. St. J oseph, Mo. Sas Tne nie etek tee RE ee MEMBERS OF THE A. V. M. A. 531 Lundie, A. C., Charlottetown, P. E. I., Canada. Lupfer, J. R., Canby, Minn. Luster, Lt. Miles J., Co. 45, Bn. 12, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Lutes, E., 241 S. Main St., Wilkes-Barre, Pa. Luther, Wm. H., Boonville, Ind. Lyman, Richard P., Box 1018, East Lansing, Mich. Lynch, David J., Evart, Mich. Lynch, George Perry, Montevideo, Minn. Lynch, John E., 124 W. 22nd St., Indianapolis, Ind. Lynett, James F’., 419 Vine St., Scranton, Pa. Lynn, Lt. E. M., 4201 Berkeley Ave., Chicago, III. Lynn, Lt. W. M., Field Bn., F. A., C. O. T. S., West Point, Ky. Lyon, Braden Moore, Pearl River, N. Y. | Lyon, H. C., Hutchinson, Minn. Lyon, J. V., 4137 Ellis Ave., Chicago, I]. Lyons, L. E., ¢/o State Live Stock San. Board, Tallahassee, Fla. Lytle, Maj. G. A., c/o Depot Q. M., U. S., 3615 Iron St., Chi- eago, Ill. Lytle, Wm. Harrison, Salem, Ore. McAdory, Isaac 8., Auburn, Ala. McAlister, Rancie G., Corvallis, Ore. McAuslin, Davidson, 397 Carlton Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. McBride, Archibald, 24 Federal Bldg., Paterson, N. J. McBride, Wm. J. H., Dalhousie St., Amhertsburg, Ont. McCabe, "Thos. J. , Williamsburg, Towa. MeCall, "Wm. R., 144th F. A., Bn. B, A. E. F., via New York: McCallam, J. A., 9th Eners. Mtd., Camp Courshesne, El Paso, 16s. McCallum, F. B., 1220 Mount Royal Ave., E., Montreal, Que., Canada. McCandless, C., Lisbon, Ohio. McCarthy, F. H., 317 N. 3rd St., Pottsville, Pa. McCarthy, Nathaniel, Castor, Alberta. McCartney, John, 120 Wickham Ave., Middletown, N .Y. McCaskill, Alexander W., 704 Banning St., Winnipeg, Manitoba. McCaughey, N. W., Church St., Vet. Hosp., Presque Isle, Me. McClean, Lt. F. H., Ist F. A., Fort Sill, Okla. McClellan, J. B., 926 26th St., N. W., Washington, D. C. McClellan, Milton Porter, 227 Angus Crescent, Regina, Sask. McClelland, Alfred H., Walton, N. Y. McClelland, Frank E., 455 Ellicott St., Buffalo, N. Y. McCloskey, Anthony J., Chestnut Hill, Pa. McClure, James W., Cox’s Creek, Ky. McConeghy, Jno. K., Coudersport, Pa. McConnell, Lt. Wm. C., An. Tr. and M. P. Hdqrs., Camp Kear- ney, Cal. McCoppin, Charles R., Federal Bldg., 8. S. Omaha, Neb. McCord, Frank A., 10229 99th St., Edmonton, Alberta. MeComack, Lt. W. D., Dora, Ala. McCoy, Carl M., B. A. I., Denver, Col. 532 MEMBERS OF THE:A. V. M. A. McCoy, Ellis E., Flora, Miss. McCoy, F. C., 1623 S. I St., Bedford. Ind. McCoy, John ‘E., Le Bi 2a, Gawker City, Kans. McCrank, J. iN 79 Sailly Ave., Plattsburg, N. Y. McCray, F. W., 1009 Newton St., Sioux City, Iowa. McCuaig, D., McAdam Junction, New Brunswick. McCully, R. W., 38 Lexington Ave., New York City, N. Y. MeCulloch, B. E., 210 N. Lueas Ave., Eagle Grove, Iowa. MeCullough, E. A., 219 MeDowell St., Delavan, Wis. MeCurdy, Frank C., 252 Carolina St., Buffalo, N. Y. MeCushing, F. P., 104 High St., Keene, N. H. McDaniel, J. C., 1639 South A St., Elwood, Ind. MeDaniel, J. S., ¢/o Extension Dept., Columbia, Mo. MeDaniels, H., Jr., 220 S. State St., Dover, Del. McDonald, D. M., 3932 Pleasant Ave., Minneapolis, Minn. MeDonald, James, 404 Spring St., Springfield, I. MeDonaugh, James, 47 Portland Place, Mount Claire, N. J. McDowell, Harris B., Middletown, Del. McElyea, L. W., Vet. Div., I. S. C., Ames, Iowa. MeFarland, C. M., 311 Nebraska St., Sioux City, lowa. McFarland, John 5. Co. 47, Bn. 12, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. MeFatridge, H.S., 30 Argyle St., Halifax, Nova Scotia. McGillivray, George, Box 303, Roseau, Minn. MecGilvray, Chas. D.. 110 University Ave., Toronto, Ont., Can. MeGinnis, Ralph W.. 724 Washington Ave., Ogden, Utah. McGrath, Miss Elinor, 3217 Indiana Ave., Chicago, Ill. McGuire, Charles S., 460 Tennyson Ave., Detroit, Mich. McGuire, Michael W., 729 Stewart Ave., Kansas City, Kans. McGuire, W. C., Pitt and 2nd Sts., Cornwall, Ont. McHugh, Archer M., Middletown, Conn. McHugh, W. O., 3113 W. 98th St., Cleveland, Ohio. McInnes, Benj., P. O. Box 455, Charleston, S. C. MelInnes, Benjamin K., 57 Queen St., Charleston, 8. C. McIntire, H. A., Maquoketa, Iowa. MelIntosh, C. W., 74 La Salle Rd., Verdun, Que., Can. MelIntosh, Lt. H. K., 321st F. A., Camp Gordon, Atlanta, Ga. McIntyre, John S., Foam Lake, Sask. McKay, A. M., 110 6th Ave., E., Calgary, Alberta. McKenna, J. F., 616 Eye St., Fresno, Cal. McKenzie, K. J., Northfield, Minn. : McKercher, Arthur, 115 Ionia St., E., Lansing, Mich. MecKey, John, 1926 W. 1st St., Duluth, Minn. : MeXibbin, Lt. J. A., Co. 30, Bn. t: Camp Greenleaf, Ga. MeKil'ip, Chester A 1639 ‘Wabash Ave., Chicago, Tl. McKillip, George B., "1639 Wabash. Ave., ’ Chicago, Til. | MeKillip, M. H., 1639 Wabash Ave., Chicago, il. } MeKillip, Walter J., 1639 Wabash ‘Ave, Chicago, aM. McKim, Charles A., Windsor, Col. — . } McKim, Fred, Hector, Minn. McKim, H. C., Remount No. 2, Ft. Sain Houstob, ‘Tex. MEMBERS OF THE A. V. M. A. : 533 McKinney, Wm. J., 585 Driggo St.; Brooklyn, N. Y. MeKinnon, Capt. Jno. A., A. E. F., Siberia. MeLain, John oF . Inkster, N. D. ; MeLain, Lt. W. H., Box 703, Camp Greenléak Ga. MeLaughlin, Wm., "Rush City, Minn. McLean, C. C., 1001 Water St., Meadville, Pa. McLean, Wm., C., San Mateo, Cal. McLeay, J. D., 157 Llinois St., Indianapolis, Ind. McLeod, J. H., Charles City, Iowa. MeLoughry, R. A., St. Eustache, Man., Can. MeMillan, Lt. H. L.; A. P.O. 796, A. E. F., France. . MeMillian, J. E., 251 W. 7th St., Flat 4, St. Paul, Minn. MeMillon, Lt. Connie, Co. 28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. MeMurdo, C. D., 550 Surf St., Chicago, Ill. MeNabb, Lt. F. R., ¢/o Vet. Div., Camp Beauregard, La. MeNair, Frederick H., 2126 Haste St., Berkeley, Cal. MeNally, Henry R., 2816 Monterey St., St. Joseph, Mo. MeNalley, Michael, 1412 Pine St., St. Louis, Mo. MeNamara, Lt. Jas. BS Remount Depot 329, Camp Diodes, lowa. Mel Jamara, Wm. F., 8 Green St., Worcester, Mass. McNaughton, D, “Dy Box 794, Devils Lake, N. D. MeNeal, F. J., 28 N. State St.; Wilkes-Barre, Pa. MeNeal, Harry T., 42 E. Chestnut St., Lancaster, Pa. MeNeal, Lt. N., Co. 48, Bn: 12, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. MeNeal, P. M., Montrose, Pa. MeNeil, John H., ¢/o Dept. of Agri., Trenton, N. J. MeNiven, Alexander, Williston, N. D. MeNutt, S. H., 259 Hyland Ave., Ames, Iowa. ; MePike, Clarence T., Cando, N. D. ‘ Mae Issaac, D. A., St. Andrews, Nova Scotia. Mack, C. A., Gilbert Plains, Man. Mack, James F., River Falls, Wis. : Mae Killar, Robert S., 351 W. 11th St., New York, N. hae Mae Killar, Wm. M., 526 Federal Bldg., Atlanta, Ga. Mackie, Capt. Cyril, c/o Station Vet. “Hosp., Lahore, India. Mackie, Frank H., 1035 Cathedral St., Baltimore, Md. | Macklin, W. Ez, Tr., Coon Rapids, Towa. | MacMaster, Donald Alex, R. M. D. No. 2, Greenfield, Ontario. MacMillan, Donald, Box 14, High River, Alberta. “Madson, Wm. 734 Washington St. _ Appleton, Wis. Magley, L. =) Decatur, Ind. Maguire, Francis es, Vet. Co. No. 1, Camp Geconlent Ga. Mahaffy, Capt. Jas., 6th and B Sts., N: W., Washington, D. C. Mahaffy, Thos. J., 903 W. Forsythe Sty Jacksonville, Fla. Mahan, Albert R.. 215 Exchange Bldg., .. Oklahoma City, Okla. Mahon, James,’ 4051/5 Main St:, Irwin, Pa. Mair, Alexander M., 131.8. Bloomington St., Streator, Il. Major, John Perry, ‘City Bldg., Anderson, S.-C: Makin, Arthur S., Government Office, National Stock Yards, Il. Makins, E., Jr., P. O. Box 445, Abilene, Kans. 534 MEMBERS OF THE A. VY. M. A. Malcolm, Peter, New Hampton, Iowa. Malone, Wm. J., Mt. Horel, Wis. Maloney, A. J., 1529 Gaty Ave., E. St. Louis, Il. Maloney, M. J., 5423 Christian St., Philadelphia, Pa. Maloney, Thos. E., 68 Prospect St., Fall River, Mass. Mampreian, Cacig George, 502 W. 45th St., Chicago, Ill. Mangan, Daniel J., 2557 3rd Ave., New York City, N. Y. Manley, H. M., 333 8. Jefferson St., Dayton, Ohio. Mann, Bernard, 1437 N. 7th St., Philadelphia, Pa. Mann, M. K., Bloomsbury, N. J. Mansfield, Charles M., 1344 Newton St., N. W., Washington, D. C. Mantor, Herbert baa 441 KE. 3rd St., Tucson, Ariz. Manuel, E. A., 323 Park Place, Des Plaines, Il. Manz, Wm., 620 EK. 158th St., New York City, i Bes Marks, Daniel G., 548 W. 12th St., Chicago, II. Marks, David, 1252 Hastings St., Detroit, Mich. Marquis, Francis M., French Camp, Cal. Marriott, Wm. Henry, 2 Hartington Place, Ottawa, Ontario. Marsh, Capt. Hadleigh, Dept. Laboratory, Ft. Sam Houston, Tex. Marshall, Charles Wm., Main St., Brewster, N. Y. Marshall, Clarence J., 918 O St., N. W., Philadelphia, Pa. Marshall, Freeman Alfred, 9th and Chestnut Sts., Indiana, Pa. Marshall, Henry, 202 Federal Bldg., Richmond, Va. Marshall, Herbert, Mechums River, Va. Marshall, Capt. R. 8., 14th Vet. Hosp., Camp Lee, Va. Marsteller, R. P., College Station, Tex. Martien, Capt. Henry D., 4054 Ponelton Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. Martin, D. C., 3448S. Schuyler Ave., Kankakee, II. Martin, Lt. E. M., 40th F. A., Camp Custer, Mich. Martin, Harry D., 481 Rhode Island St., Buffalo, N. Y. Martin, Harry M., Animal Path. and Hygiene Dept., University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Neb. Martin, James I., 2124 University Ave., Madison, Wis. Martin, Lt. J. J., 341 F. A., A. E. F., France. Martin, R. D., 1192 Broad St., Bridgeport, Conn. Martin, S. T., 281 James St., Winnipeg, Man. Martin, Wm. A., Mooresville, Ind. Martin, W. E., 281 James St., Winnipeg, Manitoba. Martin, W. H., 600 S. Choctaw, El Reno, Okla. Martin, W. L., 1044 Rowland, Kansas City, Kans. Martin, W. J., 344 S. Schuyler Ave., Kankakee, Ill. Martinson, V. V., 1010 E. 48rd St., Chicago, Il. Marvel, A. L., Owensville, Ind. Mason, A. L., 410 Searritt Arcade, Kansas City, Mo. Mason, Wm. D., Box 488, Elko, Nev. Masson, JL. Myrtle Point, Ore. Masterson, Lid E., Co. 31, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Mathers, Lt. Louis A. Co. 28. Bn. "”, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Mathews, E., 187 Grand St. , Jersey City, N. J. Matkin, Lt. Roy, Post Vet., Newport News, Va. ee ae a a a ee. a las ee ee See MEMBERS OF THE A. VY. M. A. 535 Mattrocee, Daniel, Los Banos, Cal. Mauldin, Columbus E., Morgan City, La. Maulfair, C.D. , Granville, Ill. Mawer, George C., 9219 Clifton Blvd., Cleveland, Ohio. Maxon, Fay I., 5 Vanderbilt Road, Hartford, Conn. Maxson, Wilbur B., 314th F. A,, re EK. F., France. Maxwell, Charles B. , Plaquemine, La. Maxwell, G. Earl, 3950 Victor St., Kansas City, Mo. Mayer, F. B., Canton, Pai Mayer, Gustav P. , Tecumseh, Neb. . Mayer, O. €., Noblesville, Md. Mayes, J. M., 1923 Lawn Ave., Kansas City, Mo. Maynard, Lee H. Fi,19387 Market St., Philadelphia, Pa . Mayne, Lt. E. W., Co. 31; Ba: 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Mayo, N.S8., 4753 Ravenswood Ave., Chicago, Il. Maze, Luther A., 36 Willow Ave., Pontiac, Mich, Mead, BR; W., 301 Federal Bldg. , Indianapolis, Ind. Meador, Daniel J ohn, Jr., Co. “48, Bn. 12, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Meadors, W. H., ¢/o Birmingham Pack. Co., Birmingham, ‘Ala. Meads, BE. W. “6/0 Py AGA, Meads, Cherokee, Okla. Meads, Frederick F., Box 477, Cherokee, Okla. Mebane, Wm. Long, Rockwood, Me. Meenen, P. J., Fremont, Neb. Megowan, Claude L., 2029 M St., Sacramento, Cal. Meier, F’. D., 2821 Meinecke Ave., Milwaukee, Wis. Meisner, Lt. Frank C., 97th Div. Camp Cody, N. M. Meisner, H, A., 1133 Hartford Ave., Baltimore, Md. Meixel, Earl J., Donaldsonville, La. Melchiorsen, Lt. Wm. G., 3609 S. 28th St., Omaha, Neb. Melody, George C., Oakland, Cal. Melvin, Lt. V. W., Bn. 7, Co. 31, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Mendenhall, Maurice H., 489 Hubbard Ave., Detroit, Mich. Menke, Lt. Lee L., 158th Depot Brig., Camp Sherman, Ohio. Merchant, B. H., 710 Broadway St., Little Rock, Ark. Merchant, E. 8. D., Col. of Vet. Science, Univ. of Philippines, Manilla, P. I. Meredith, S. M., 1740 W. 11th St., Oklahoma City, Okla. Merillat, E., Orville, Ohio. Merillat, Major Louis A., Vet. Hosp., A. P. O. 709, France. Merriman, Cecil M., Mt. Pulaski, 111. Metealfe, A. R. Van Kleek Hill, Ont. Metcalf, Glenn. A., 417 N. Gay St., Knoxville, Tenn. Metzger, George E.. 99 Western Ave., Minneapolis, Minn. Meyer, George W.,.528 Washington St., New York City, N. Y. Meyer, J. C., Jr., 1111 Walnut St., Cincinnati, Ohio. Meyer, J. W., Chapman, Kans. Meyer, Karl F., 2nd and Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, Cal. Meyers, P. Z. R., 1610 Homan Ave., Ft. Worth, Tex. Meyst, F. W., 144 Bryant St., N. W., Washington, D. C. Michael, Leo B., National Stock Yards, Il. 536 MEMBERS OF THE A. Vv. M. A. Machiek Wm. R. Epitaeat UL Michel, HL. A. 30014 W. Reno, Oklahoma City, Okla. Middleton, A. C., Grundy Center, lowa. . ys Middleton, Charley C., Ft. Keogh, Monts © ite Middleton, W. G., 612 L St., N;: Ww. wieeane acta: D. C. Mikkelson, Vego, Garske, N. D. Milks, Howard J. , c/o N.Y. State Vet. College, Tthaea, N. Y. Mills, Benj. F., Denison, lowa,:«. | Miller, Charles J.,c/od acob E.. Dinker’ & Soak. Mason City. Towa. Miller, A. W., 6817 Piney Branch Road, Takoma Park, DD Oei Miller, A.W. , Harrisonburg, Va.. Miller, Cr As 411 S. Jackson St., Louisville, Ky. Miller, Charles F., 36 Head St., Carthage, Tl. Miller, Chester, ¢/o Elliott & Co., Duluth, Minn. ~ Miller, Lt. E. ¥. Mountain View, Mo. Miller, F. W. c/o Kohn Pkg. Co., Davenport, Toa Miller, Frederick A., 126 Blossom St. y #itchbarg, Mass. Miller, F. B. Brooklyn, Pa. Miller, Frank H., 146 W. 54th St., New York City, N. Y. Miller, jc Ha « a 128 W. 53rd St., New York City, N. Y. Miller, John F., 30 Hurlbut St., Albany, N. Y. Miller, John M., 152 Louis St., Grand Rapids, Mich. Miller, Lt. L. E., 278 E. Moler St., Columbus, Ohio. Miller, L. L., Caledonia, Mich. Miller, Melvin Wayne, Box 464, Athuigderdue: N. M: Miller, Wm. J., Indianola, Towa. Millzate, S. a Brooklyn, Towa. Mills, C. C., 355 E. Main St., Decatur, 1. Mills, James V., Ellendale, N. D. Milner, C. A., 1809 S. Lemon St., Sioux City, lowa. Milo, Howard A., Union Stock Yards, Lancaster, Pa. Miner, George H., 180 Claremont Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. . Misner, Lt. Arby C. Co. 31, Bn. 7, Camp. Greenleaf, Gal tein a Missal, W.C;, Santa Maria, Cal. | ! Mitchell, Adrian J., Sr., 1219 Peach St., Erie, Pa. Mitchell, Maj. A., Vet. Corps, } N. A., A. P. O. 708, Division Sup- ply Train, A. EK. F., France. Mitchell, Chas. A., Vet. Research Lab, Lethbridge, Alta., Can. Mitchell, George ie 514 Walnut St., Klamath Falls, Ore. Mitchell, Harry B.,! Union Stock Yards, Pittsburgh, Pa. Mitchell, James, Co. 28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Mitchell, Lt. J. F., 212 E. 8th St., Anaconda, Mont. Mitterling, Tra, 302 Montgomery ‘St. , Hollidayburg, ns a Mix, C. C., 280 Lake Ave., Battle Creek, Mich. | Moek, Clarence E. _ Ryegate, Mont. Mock, Wm., 53 N. ‘4th St., Easton, Pa. Moeller, W. A., Pocahontas, lowa.*%' + Mohler, John R: BA. |; , Washington, D. 0. Mohr, C. A. Salpulpa, Okla. ist Molengraft, ‘Jos. AS: ae S. baeraacie oe Chien ng MEMBERS: OF THE A. V. M.A. ‘687 Moles, C. Lee, Caritas City; lowa. Ges 2 Cis Moles, Lt. Irving, A. R. D, 304, Camp Meade, Ma, Molgard, Peter C. , Ruskin, Neb. > Molt, Fred 8., 17 West Park, Oklahoma City, Okla. Montgomery, ot ohn, Anamosa, Iowa. Montgomery, W. A. 226 N. Hamlin Ave. Ghicaie: UL Moody, Arthur H., 403 Armitage St., Three Rivers, Mich. Moody, George C., "Mason, Mich. © Moody, R. E., Co. ‘45, Bn.. 12, Camp Greanient, Ga. Moody, Robert Ba, 11 Sutton St., Maysville, Ky. Moon, Lt. Geo. W., 337th F. A., Camp Dodge, Iowa. Moon, J. G., 1927 8S. 17th St., Philadelphia, Pa. Moon, Walter James, Vermilion, Alta., Can. Moonan, Robert A., 4119 Prairie Ave., , Chicago, Ill. Moore, A. E., 175 Waverly St., Ottawa, Ontario. Moore, B. ‘7 Fremont, Neb. Moore, Charles S., 50 Oak St., Danvers, Mass. Moore, E. V., Brookton, N. Y. Moore, FY. is McAlester, Okla. Moore, Hamlet, 610-12 N. Rampart St., New Orleans, La. Moore, Lt. H. K., e/o Camp Quartermaster, Camp Logan, Hous- ton, Tex. | ! Moore, H. O., Box 299, Hattiesburg, Miss. Moore, John H., 408 Live Stock Exch. Bldg., S. St. Paul, Minn. Moore, Robert C., St. Joseph Vet. Col., St. Joseph, Mo. Moore, Robt. G., Aux. Remount Depot, Camp Dodge, Iowa. Moore, Sheard, Baton Rouge, La. Moore, V. A., N. Y. State Vet. Col., Ithaca, N. Y. Moore, Wm. F. , Doss, La. Moorman, Lt. C. E., Co. 29, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, aac Mootz, Charles E. 0/0 Y. M. 0. A. , Wheeling, W. Va. Morey, B. F., 235 ‘8. Main St., Clinton, Ind. Morgan, Frank W., 6th and Cherry St., Chattanooga, Tenn. Morgan, O. B., 1003 Swirk Ave., Rocky Ford, Col. Morgan, R., Winfield, W. Va. - Morgan, Rey, Skidmore, Mo. _ Morgan, 8. 8., Richmond, Mo. Morgan, Warren B., 6728 Woodland Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. Morgan, Wm. Jerome, Seaton, Ill. Moriarity, E. E., 108 Chittenden Ave., Cottinteas, Ohio. Morin, L, H. , Waynsville, Tl. Morin, L.N,, "McLean, Tl. 3 Morris, Edward He 22] Main St., Derby, Conn. — ‘Morris, Harry, Exp. Sta., Baton Rouge, La. ~ Morrow, Albert Paine, Dillon, Mont. © . Morse, James E. , ¢/0 Matthews Blackwell, itd: Peterboro, Ont. Morse, John H., Box 377, Sumter, 8. C. Morton, Tat. Roy M., Remount Depot, Camp Gordon, ‘Atlanta: Ga. Mosey, Orrin Q., M. 0. 'T. G. Co. 31, 7th Bn. - Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Mosher, Capt. aS , Camp Dix, N. eee 538 MEMBERS OF THE A. V. M. A. Moss, Harry T., 710 W. 3rd St., Dayton, Ch. Motley, Albert x , Alpena, Mich. Mount, S. C., 360 ‘Ist Ave., Milwaukee, Wis. Mount, Willet C., 825 Crittenden St., Red Bluff, Cal. Moye, Ralph A. Camp Vetermarian, Camp Sherman, Ohio. Moyer, Calvin W. , Quakertown, Pa. Moyer, Frank L. _ Carey, Ohio. Moyer, H. C., Blooming Glen, Pa. Moyland, Lt. EE. J., Co. 28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga Moynihan, Wm., 135 Wright Ave., Toronto, Ontario. Mueller, F. A., 459 K. Washington St., Indianapolis, Ind. Muldoon, Wm. E., Waverly, N. Y. Mull, A. A., Rushville, Ind. Muller, J. H., Long Green, Md. Mullings, R. M., Box 72, Norwalk, Conn. Mulvey, Chas. a. Clinton Co., Mooers, N: Y; Munee, T. E., State Live Stock San. Board, Harrisburg , Pa. Munce, Thos. W., Box 417, 215 W. 23rd St., New York, N. Y. Munger, B.. 2 ‘Qlenhurst Flat, Rock Island, Til. Munn, Albert ‘A. , Kearney, Neb. Munn, A..J., Fayette, Mo. Murdock, J. W., 3810 S. 23rd St., S. S., Omaha, Neb. Murison, Capt. James J., Occidental Hotel, Goshen, N.Y: Murphey, HS. 019 Welch Ave., Sta. A, Ames, Towa. Murphy, James C., Box 391, Stockton, Cal. Murphy, Bernard W.., Room 33, Federal Bldg., Topeka, Kan. Murphy, Daniel E., Prairie du Sac, Wis. Murphy, E. E., Ardmore, Okla. Murphy, James H., 416 Washington St., Sullivan, Ind. Murphy, J. W., Columbia, S. C. Murphy, M .J., 348 W .118th St., New York City, N. Y. Murray, Alexander G., Ingersoll, Ontario. Murray, Charles, 103 8. Hyland Ave., Ames, Lowa. Musselman, 8. F., Frankfort, Ky. Musser, Robert C., Wapakoneta, Ohio. Mutziger, G. J., 425 Lee Ave., Sta. D, St. Joseph, Mo. - Mydland, G. H., Horton, Kan. Myers, Chas. H., 100 Berlin St., Middletown, Conn. Myers, Harry E., 140-S. Main St., Fostoria, Ohio. Myers, Harry H., 936 S. 5th St., Louisville, Ky. Myers, Henry H.. 9717 Allerton Ave., Cleveland, Ohio. Myers, Irwin, 49 8. Gift St., Columbus, Ohio. Myers, Sidney D., 215 Walnut St., Wilmington, Ohio. Myers, V.N. “4400 Prairie Ave., Chicago, Ti. Myers, Willis A., c/o A. R. D. Camp Fremont, Cal. Nance, Jos. E., 228 W. Poplar St., Cap. Hill ‘Station, Oklahoma — City, Okla. Nash, Elmer D., 717 6th Ave., Helena, Mont. Nash, John G. C., 340th F. A:. N. A, 89th Div., A. E. F., France. Nattress, Joseph T., Delavan, II. | MEMBERS OF THE A. V. M. A. 539 Naylor, Lt. H. W., Hdqrs. Co. 159, D. B., Camp Taylor, Ky. Neidig, C. C., Luck, Wis. Neidigh, M. W., 709 W. College Ave., State College, Pa. Neil, W. N., Drovers Bank Bldg., 42nd and Halsted Sts., Chi- eago, Ill. Neilson, Norman, 345 Market St., Colusa, Cal. Nelson, Amos F.., Box 542, Lebanon, Ind. Nelson, Chas. A., L. B. 3, Brainerd, Minn. Nelson, Conrad L., 810 S. 16th St., St. Joseph, Mo. Nelson, G. E., 316 Exchange Bldg., Chicago, Ill. Nelson, Nelson L., Hdqrs. 55th F. A. Brig., A. E. F., France. Nelson, S. B., 708 Campus Ave., Pullman, Wash. Nelson, Spencer K., 313 Train. Hdqrs. and M. P., Camp Dodge, Iowa. Nesbitt, R. E., 415 W. Main St., Clinton, III. Nettleton, Lt. E. N., R. F. D. 11, Box 176, Los Angeles, Cal. Neudecker, Lt. E. W., Co. 30, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Neuhaus, Charles Owen, Stock Yards, Lancaster, Pa. Newberg, Aaron, 2518 Harrison St., Kansas City, Mo. Newberg, Louis, 2442 Forest Ave., Kansas City, Mo. Newcomb, Harrie H:, 421 W. 121st St., New York City, N. Y. Newcomer, E. W., Mt. Joy, Pa. | Newgent, Ottaway C., 3108 E. Michigan St., Indianapolis, Ind. Newhard, Irwin C. ,400 Centre St., Ashland, Pa. Newman, Lloyd V., c/o Post Vet., Newport News, Va. Newman, Robert R., 3015 Bartold Ave., Maplewood, Mo. Newsom, I. Ernest, c/o Agri. College, Ft. Collins, Col. Newton, Howard N., Old State Block, Lansing, Mich. Newton, John V., 619 Walnut St., Toledo, Ohio. Ney, Wm. O., Michigan City, Miss. Nice, Frank K., 3514 N. 15th St., Philadelphia, Pa. Nicholas, George B., 1404 Holmes St., Kansas City, Mo. Nicholas, Geo. L., Yerington, Nev. Nichols, Abner Z., Hillsdale, Mich. Nichols, Lt. J. H., 160th Depot Brigade, Camp Custer, Mich. Nichols, Herbert C.; Hdqrs. 7th Div., Camp MacArthur, Waco, Tex. Nichols, Percival K., Chatham, N. Y. Nichols, Walter S., Ravenna, Neb. Niday, C. Ross, Gallipolis, Ohio. Nighbert, E. M., 504 Life Bldg., Jacksonville, Fla. Nighbert, James D., Pittsfield, Il. Nissley, Solomon M., 18 Spring St., Bellefonte, Pa. Niven, Andrew B., Crawfordsville, Ind. Nixon, Robert B., Demopolis, Ala. Noback, Charles V., 2059 Davidson Ave., New York City, N. Y. Noble, Geo. Edward, 1312 Grove St., Boise, Idaho. Nockholds, Coleman, Div. Vet., 40th Div., Camp Kearney, Cal: Nolecheck, Lt. Wm. F., Remount Depot 308, Beliair, Ga. Noller, O. W., Alma, Kans. 540 MEMBERS OF THE A. V. M.A. Radiat Albert Joseph, 5504 Green St., Chicago, Il. Norden, Carl J., 3820 Wabash, Kansas City; Mo. Nord, Lt. Charles F., Onaiva, Towa. “nes Norden, Carl J., 3820 Wabash, Kansas ee Ma Norris, Clarence L., 218 Live Stock Exch. Bldg., Ft. Worth, Tex. Northrup, Leonard K., Room 105, State House, Indianapolis, Ind. Northway, Lt. James K. , c/o Post Vet. , Newport News, Va. Norton, Edwin 8., Greenville, Miss. Norton, ee. Washington and Ist Ave., Phacnix, Ariz. Norton, Oscar M., 109 “Main St., Greenville, Miss. Norton, Robert S. , Velva, N. D. | Nowell, L. D., 118 12th Ave., Humboldt, Tenn. ~—_ Noyes, Orrin W.. 3019 Highland Ave., Kansas City,. Mo. Nulph, Pearley E. Glenwood City, Wis. Nulty, Nathaniel S., Nevada, Lowa. Nunn, Henry, Corvallis, Ore. Nutt, ‘Robert HBA: i; Drovers National Bank Balene, Chi- _ eago, Il. Nye, C. H., Cambridge, Il. Nye, Erle W. , c/o Chamber of Commerce, Sherman, Tex. O’Banion, Archie f et ag, Seb ets ae’ io yO Sacramento, Cal. O’Rourke, Michael J ohn, 720 Valencia St., San Francisco, Cal. O’Bryan, "Wm. Sherid, Pesotum, Til. —O’Connor, Joseph, West Hope, N. D. QO’ Connor, J. P., Room 22, Federal Bldg., B. A. I. , Topeka, Kans. Odell, Edwin O., Central City, Neb. O’Donnell, Michael J ., 241 Grove St., Blue Island, Ill. Odou, Lt. W. D., Vet. Rep. Unit 2, Camp Lee, Va. Oesterhaus, John H., 1523 Genesee St., Kansas City, Mo. Ogilvie, Robert Alexander, Vet. Corps 1, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. - O’Hara, Capt. E. J., Office Vet. Hosp. Aux. Remt. Depot 322, Camp Dodge, Iowa. O’Hara, P. W., Manotic, Ontario. O’Hara, R. I., Maxville, Ontario. Ojess, g, P., Box 1454, Crete, Neb. Okershauser, Robert F., 5519 Kenwood Aye., Flat 512, Chicago, Til. Oldaker, C. B., Kalona, Iowa. | — Oldham, Jas. S., Falfurrias, EOxs: | Oldingy Frank R. , 00 Granite St. , Brooklyn, N, » Soperae O’Leary, John P.. 207 E. Ridley ‘Ave. , Ridley Park, Pa. Oliver, C. M., 646 Central Bldg., Seatle, Wash. , Oliver, Walter Gordon, 3821 Arizona St., San Diego, Cal. Olistro, Rudolph M., 107 Oak St., Clayton, fs, Ma RRS Olson, Carl, Sae City, Towa. Olson, Louis, MeIntosh, Minn... Olson, Luther E., 317 S. East, Lebanon, Ind. . | Olson, Sigurd, Brak: , New Orleans, La. Oltmanns, John W., Watseka, Mi 8 O’Neal, W. Ki; ‘Newman, Cal. Ee ae me ee ee Le Tc es ee MEMBERS OF THE A. y. M. A. 541 Onstad, W. T., c/o Yellow Medicine Co., Clarkfield, Minn. Oosten, Robert. Y., 809 S.. Vandeventer ‘Ave. St. Louis, Mo. Orchard, George William, Windsor, Ontario. Orchard, P..J., 115: Main St., Baton Rouge, La. O’Rear, ca M.., hk i, Northi Salem; Ind. O’Reilley, James M., 508 E. 3rd St., Merrill, Wis. Orendorff, C. E. _ Byron, Okla. 21! Orme, Thos. Whitfield, 260 5th St., San Bernardino, Cal. Orr: H. W., 3003 West St., Ames, Towa. Orr, Wm. Crosby, Dillon, ‘Mont, : : Osborn, Carlton R. 1181, N. 3rd St., Chickasha, Okla. Osborn, Lt. Floyd C., Co. 29, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Osborn, Orin H., Paynesville, Minn. Osborn, Lt. Seth S:, Co. 29, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Otey, D. S., McAlester, Okla. O’Toole, Stephen, Atlanta Board of Health, Atlanta, Ga. Ouderkirk, Roy E., Co. 31, Bn .7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Outhier, C. B., Salinas, Cal. Owens, Irvin, 1512 Lipscomb St., Ft. Worth, Tex. Pace, John C., Box 597, Calexico, Cal. Page, Francis A., 7349 ‘Union Ave: , Chicago, Ml. Paine, Harold, Rosetown, Sask. Paley, Lt. Israel, Co. 31, ‘Bn. 7, Camp Grecileaf, Ga. Palmer, Lt. Charles C., Hdars. Bn. 12, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Palmer, Lt. Charles E., ¢/o 1st Cav., Douglass, Ariz. Palmer, C. F., 306 Federal Bldg., Houston, Tex. Palmer, C. R., Lenora, Kans. — ~ Palmer, Donald he 95 31st St., Newport News, Va. Palmer, H.-F. Brooklyn, Mich. Palmer, Walter J., 5712 E. Michigan St., Indianapolis, ‘Ind. Paquette, A Vip bya Cuba City; Wis. ~ Paquin, Charles Henry, 17 Fiske St.; Worcester, Mass. Paquin, Leon A., P. O. Box 225, “Webster, Mass. Pardue, John J., 250 S. Burnett St., East ‘Orange, Nod. Park, James F., ’P. O. Box 42, West. Plains, Mo. Park, R. W. , Dauphin, Manitoba. Parker, Tut. Clifford E., 40th F. A., Camp Custer, Mich. Parker, Chas. 8., ¢/o Chief Surgeon, A. E. F., France. Parker, Lt. Elmer B., 313th Cay.; Del Rio, Tex. Parker, Elmer B., Marietta, Okla. — Parker, Leon L., 439 Main St., Catskill;.N. Y. | Parkerson, Charles A., 1650 N: 61st St., Philadelphia, Pa. Parkinson, George its Pp. O. Box 799, Middletown, Conn. Parks, I. W., Be ee B. "399, Camp Fremont, Cal. Parrish, Lt. Charles, Box 1205, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Parrish, Guy M.., 807 W. Pine St., , Fitzgerald, Ga.” Parse, Franklin L: Columbia, Miss. | Patch, F. G., Roseville, Il. Be a Patrick, Murray E., e/o Keystone Hotel, Penn. _Ave., ‘Greens- burg, Pa: URS 7 542 MEMBERS OF THE A. VY. M. A. Patterson, EK. E., 650 Grand River Ave., Detroit, Mich. Patterson, E. J., Box 35, Savannah, Mo. Patterson, William E., 3947 Agnes 'Ave., Kansas City, Mo. Pattison, Homer D., Lock Box 40, Beloit, Wis. Patton, Lit, d.- A,, Remount Depot, Camp Devens, Mass. Patton, Wm. Thos., Coutts, Alberta. Pauhlman, Lt. V. c. Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Paul, Arthur, Room 750, Central Bldg., Seattle, Wash. Paul, A. F. The 5946 Parnell Ave. , Chicago, Ill. Pauly, re, G., Blue Mound, Ill. Paxon, Wm. i; 30 Logan ‘Ave. , Glenolden, Pa. Paxton, Irving B., 7 Dundee Blde., Ft. Worth, Tex. Payne, A. J., c/o State Veterinarian, Sacramento, Cal. Pearce, Charles D., 10 Carhart Ave., Binghampton, N. Y. Pearce, Dee Leonard, P. O. Box 25, Leonard, Tex. Pearce, Frank H., Boulder, Col. Pease, Harry S., 128 N. Central Ave., Cannonsburg, Pa. Pearson, Charles, Amarillo, Tex. Peck, Sanford A., Oak Grove, Mo. Pederson, Peter Thompson, Barrington, III. Pederson, Gunerius M., Hamler, Ohio. Pedigo, George W., Glasgow, Ky. Pierce, Harrie W., 83 Playstead Road, West Medford, Mass. Pellette, Dudley B., Bastrop, La. Pelton, L. C., 4533 14th Ave., N. E., Seattle, Wash. Pendergast, Walter M., 620 Court St., Syracuse, N. Y. Penniman, G. P., 12 Dean St., Worcester, Mass. Perdue, Lt. Frank B., Co. 31, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf,-Ga. Perdue, Homer Samuel, Walker, Iowa. Perkins, Chester R., 19 Hillside Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. Perrin, Floyd, Spencer, Neb. Perry, A. M., 2005 J St., S. Side Sta., Omaha, Neb. Perry, Burton A., Hastings, Mich. Perry, F. M., Edgell St., Framingham Center, Mass. Perry, James G., P. O. Box 294, Annis, Tex. Persells, Herman V., Box 304, Muncie, Ind. Peters, Austin, Harvard, Mass. Peters, A. T., Box 48, Peoria, Il. Peters, Homer F., Ashville, Ohio. Peterson, Louis N., Animal Embark. Depot, N. Charleston, 8. C. Peterson, Peter T., 5618 E. 16th St., Oakland, Cal. Peterson, Simon E., 615 E. 50th St., Chicago, Ill. | Peterson, Wm. C., Office of Camp Veterinarian, Camp Zachary Taylor, Ky. Peterson, Lt. Wm. L., Co. 45, Bn. 12, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Pethick, W. H., Charlottetown, P. E. I. Petry, Lt. C. O., e/o Camp Surgeon’s Office, Camp Taylor, Ky. Petty, Clarence aye Lake Odessa, Mich. Pfare, Albert Wm., 4633 Friendship St., Pittsburgh, Pa. Pfersick, Jacob G., "15 Leonard St., Greenfield, Mass. MEMBERS OF THE A. V. M. A. 543 Phalen, Lt. Wm. H., Co. 31, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Phelan, Lt. John D., Co. 31, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Phelps, Chas. D., Eldora, Iowa. Phelps, Oliver Jay, Mill St., Y. M. C. A. Bldg., Lexington, Ky. Philip, Fred W., P. O. Box 204, Mineral Point, Wis. Phillips, Chas. Strong, Mt. Vernon, Wash. Phillips, J. M., 3732 West Pine Blvd., St. Louis, Mo. Phyfe, Walter H., 120 Wickham Ave., Middletown, N. Y. Piatt, D. A., 1717 2nd Ave., Birmingham, Ala. Piatt, H. B., 3618 N. 9th St., St. Louis, Mo. Pickens, Ear] Max, College Park, Md. Pickeral, H. E., Middletown, Va. Pickett, James F'., 1520 N. Lawrence Ave., Wichita, Kans. Pickett, Robert A., U. S. Bur. of An. Ind., National Stock Yards, Il. Pickett, Theodore, 3304 Chestnut St., Kansas City, Mo. Pickup, Earle §8., Union City, Pa. © Pieper, Grover C., R. 1, Granite City, M1. Pierce, B. D., 47 High St., Springfield, Mass. Pierce, Foster H., Faulkton, 8. D. Pierce, Frank, 352 E. 56th St., Chicago, II. Pierce, James Dwight, 47 High St., Springfield, Mass. Pieret, Wilbur, R. 2, Box 9, 8S. St. Joseph, Mo. Pile, E. F., Vet. Unit, 84th Div. Office, Camp Sherman, Ohio. Pilgrim, R. V., Broken Arrow, Okla. Pilon, T. J., 1214 W. Chureh St., Champaign, II. : Pirie, Henry E., Carrizozo, N. M. Pinhorn, G. C., Coutts, Alberta, Can. Pinkerton, F .E., Frenchtown, N. J. Pinkerton, H. E., Room 230, Exch. Bldg., Sioux City, lowa. Pinkham, Chas. F., 4149 W. End Ave., Chicago, Ill. Pinkross, R. D., Camp Denison, Ohio. Pistor, Adolph J., B. A. I., Washington, D. C. Place, G. S., Spencerville, Ohio. . Planz, John Frank, 50 E. Buchtel Ave., Akron, Ohio. Plaskett, Milford S., Clinton, Mass. , Platt, Robert M., Flues, Col. Playdon, D. H., Reading, Mass. : Plumer, Myron L., V. T. S., Camp Lee, Va. © Plummer, Alexander, Chico, Cal. Poe, C. E., 113 E. Franklin St., Hagerstown, Md. Poelma, Lt. Leo J., Arnold Hall, Ft. Riley, Kans. ae eee PATA Ra Sr a Re 3 Pohl, Emil, 46 Floss Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. hf Poirier, J. O., Trois Riveries, Que. Z _ Poiseiner, William, 606 Flatiron Bldg., Ft. Worth, Tex. =. Polk, T. P., Live Stock San. Board, Frankfort, Ky. Pollard, John Samuel, 183 Harrison St., Providence, R. I. rs Pontius, R. L., Exp. Station, Lexington, Ky. Pooley, John R., 828 Cambourn Court, Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Pope, George W., 1340 Meridian Place, N. W., Washington, D. C. 544 MEMBERS OF THE A. Vv. M.A. Popelards, Lt. Wm. E., Whitelaw, Wis: Porter, E. C., 120 N. Mercer St., New Castle, Pa. Porter, F. D.. 519 Upper 2nd St., P.O; Box 91, Evansville, Ind. Porter, R: O. ’ Box 411, Cristobal, Canal Zone. Porters, James Roy, Y. M..C.’A, Bldg. Ft. Worth, ‘Tex. x Porteus, Robert, 217 W. Chillicothe Ave., Bellefountaine, his. Potter, Geo. M.., "Kansas State Agri. Col., Manhattan, Kans. Potter, Hervey T., Box 273, Calais, Me, Potter, Jasper S., 326 S. Capitol St., lowa City, Iowa. Potter, Lt. Loron R., Supply Office, 162 Depot piers, Camp Pike, Ark. Pottle, Leslie G., Quiney, II. Potts, Lt. Francis Kugene, 16th Sanitary Train, Camp Kear- ney, Cal. Poucher, M. M., 137 W. 3rd St., Oswego, N. Y. . Powell, E. W., P. O. Box 61, Bryn Mawr, Pa. Powell, Joseph 8., 920 St. Clair Ave., E. St. Louis, I. Powell, N. C., 8205 Park Ave., Cleveland, Chio. Power, Clinton W., 218 Perry St., Attica, Ind. Power, Maurice R., Norwalk, Conn. Prescott, A. T., Jr., 739 North St., Baton Rouge, La. Presler, H. A., Fairbury, Il. Prestil, H. H., Emmett, Idaho. Price, E. W., Dunmore, W. Va. Price, J. O. F., P. O. Box 101, Algona, Iowa. Price, Leo, 1309 Carroll St., Brooklyn, N. Y. Priest, Benjamin H., Box 334, E. Bakersfield, Cal. Pringle, Lt. W. R., 324 Indiana Ave., St. Joseph, Mo. Prior, Robt., 214 S. 2nd St., N. Yakima, Wash.. Pritchard, John W., Fessenden, N. D. Prothers, W. B., 108 Main St., Johnstown, Pa. Prouse, Harvey Lee, Allen, Neb. Prouse, Wm. C., 615 4th Ave., Minneapolis, Mian, Prowett, H. L., Fullerton, Neb. Prucha, ap Vie 444 Federal Bldg., Denver, Col. Pryor, F. C:, Seminole County, Wewoka, Okla. Pugh, H. C., "302 F. A. , Camp Devens, Mass. | Pugh, W. M., Powers Lake, N..D. Pugh, Wm. T., 57 Elm St., ‘South Bridge, Mass. Pullan, J. H., Santa Aria, Cal. Pulver, Wm. ‘Arthur, Wamego, Kans. Purcell, Jno. T., Madison, Wis. |. - Purdy, D, M., 1014 Vattier St., Manhattan, Kans. Purdy, Marion A., 620 10th St. , Shelbyville, Ky. Pyle, Chas. A., 299 S. 6th St., “Manhattan, Kans. Pyper, S. T., 1221 Superior ‘Ave., , Dayton, Ohio. Quarll, Lt. J. T., Avondale, Pa.. Quinn, A. H., Creston, Towa. Quincy, T. g., 6847 Yale. Ave. Chicago, Tl. Quinlan, J. E. ., 1444 Peoria St. , Chicago, Ill. MEMBERS OF THE A. V. M. A. 545 = Quinn, Jas. E., Antioch, Cal. a Quinn, M. A., 27 Henry St., Norwich, N. Y. | Quinn, P. E. ¢/o Live Stock San. Board, Harrisburg, Pa. Quitman, E. ti 1514 W. Van Buren St. Chicago, IU. Rabin, N. W., Pontiaé, Ill. Radcliffe, B.D. , 108 Franklin Square, New Britain, Conn. Rader, Wm. A., "1268 Theodore St., Detroit, Mich. . Radibaugh, S. F., 349 7th Ave., W., Cedar Rapids, Iowa. | Raffensperger, H. B., 6837 S. Marshfield Ave., Chicago, Ill. Rafnel, R. V., 939 N. Boulevard ,Baton Rouge, La. Rafter, Edward, Hamburg, N. Y. Ragan, James A., 510 Liberty St., Morris, I. Ragland, M. J., Salisbury, N. C. Ramsay, R. A., B. A. I., Washington, D. C. Ramsay, Wm. J. C., Watsonville, Cal. Ramsey, 8. V., 2348S. 3rd St., Terre Haute, Ind. Ramsey, John, 208 Washington Ave., West Haven, Conn. Ranck, E. M., Agri. College, Miss. Randall, G. H., 610 Parallel Ave., Kansas City, Kans. Ranney, C. E., 1611 Garfield Ave., Kansas City, Kans. Raque, Chas. A., 1611 Thomas Ave., Fresno, Cal. Rasmussen, Hillmar, Tyler, Minn. Rasmussen, J. C., Wyaret, Ill. Rasmussen, Lt. V. M., Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Rath, R. B., Reed City, Mich. Rathbun, C. F., Box 305, Pine Bluff, Ark. Rathburn, R. A., East Scoby, Mont. | Rathman, G. A., Southwestern Serum Co., Wichita, Kans. Ratigan, Wm. John, Vet. Hosp. 9, U.S. A., A. E. F., France. Rawson, George W., V. O. R. C., A. R. D. 307, Camp Wads- worth, S. C. Ray, J: Duncan, 402 New Centre Bldg., Kansas a Mo. Read, H. W., 27 Court St., Freehold, N. J. Readhead, Wnm.. Lenox, Towa. Reagan, W. J., 606 River St., Paterson, N. J. -- Reamsnyder, F. J., Camp Las Casas, San Juan, Porto Rico. Rearden, John D., 109 S. Capitol Ave., Indianapolis, Ind. Reber, Abram N., 2104 Fremont St., Kansas City, Kans. Rebold, George P., 836 56th St., Oakland, Cal. Recores, E., Univ. of Nevada, Reno, Nev. Redden, C. E., 610 Concord St., S. St. Paul, Minn. Redman, Jos. T., Covington, Ind. ‘Reece, Lt. Dean E., Co. 31, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Reed, Ernest L., 36 Logan Ave., Glenolden, Pa. Reed, Raymond C., College Park, Md. Reeder, Walter C. Rising Sun, Ma. Reedy, ‘James E., Co. 27, Bn. 7, M. O. T, C. , Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Reefer, Leon N., 1401 Chapline St. , Wheeling, W.. Naw. Regenos, Lt. Showley H., c/o Post Vet. , Newport News, Va. Reichel, John, c/o H. K. Mulford Co., Glenolden, Pa. 546 MEMBERS OF THE A. V. M. A. Reichmann, A. F., Armour, S. D. Reichmann, F’, A., Geddes, S. D. Reid, Jos. Charles, Biological Laboratory, Ottawa, Ont. Reid, William, Yorkton, Sask. Reidy, John B., 211 Kress Bldg., Houston, Tex. Rein, E. A., General Delivery, Long Beach, Cal. Reinhard, Lt. R. R., Lincolnton, N. C. Reno, J. 8., 1123 Finley Ave., Indianapolis, Ind. Renter, E. J., 767 Delhi, Cincinnati, Ohio. Renter, W. W., 240 S. Grant St., Lafayette, Ind. Rentschler, Mandon D., 245 N. Front St., Punxsutawney, Pa. Renwald, Rollie Theodore, Osceola, Mo. Repp, N. M., 1218 Otley Ave., Perry, Iowa. Rey, Charles R., Tulare, Cal. Rey, Geo. S., 487 S. Church St., Visalia, Cal. Reynolds, Francis H. K., Quarantine Diy., B. A. I., Washing- ton, D. C. Reynolds, Howard C., Dalton, Pa. Reynolds, M. H., University Farm, St. Paul, Minn. Rhea, R. Lee, Houston and Bowie Sts., San Antonio, Tex. Rhoades, M. H., Route 3, Box 39, Fort Collins, Col. Rhoads, Warren L., Lansdowne, Pa. — Rhody, Francis 8., Chatham, Ontario. Rice, Chas. D., Ames, Iowa. Rice, Jno. M., Lindsay, Ontario. Rice, Roy D., Maple Rapids, Mich. Ricebarger, B. F., 200 W. Main St., St. Charles, Ill. Rich, Frank A., 88 S. Union St., Burlington, Vt. Rich, T. S., 500 N. Chestnut St., Lansing, Mich. Rich, Warren H., Lake Geneva, Wis. Richards, G. L., V. C. N. A., 78th F. A., A. E. F., France. Richards, L. J., Delaware, Ohio Richards, L. F., Parsons, Kans. Richards, T. H., 1127 Keele St., Toronto, Ontario. Richards, W. H., Emporia, Kans. Richards, W. W., Box 950, Manilla, P. I. Richardson, Charles E., Richards, Mo. Richardson, Lt. J. W., Co. 45, Bn. 12, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Richmond, H. A., Molson, Wash. Riddell, Robert, 460 Chester St., Victoria, B. C. . Ridge, Wm. H., Maple Ave., Somerton, Philadelphia, Pa. Riedel, P. W., 1401 Roach St., Indianapolis, Ind. Riegel, R. C., Harrisburg, II. Ries, Sabin L., 407 N. Birch St., Ottumwa, Iowa. Rietz, J. H., 623 Crawford Ave., Ames, Iowa. Rike, Clarence H., 1442 S. Harding St., Indianapolis, Ind. Riley, E. H., Exp. Station, Bozeman, Mont. Riley, G. W., Newhope, Pa. Rinehart, H. C., Rushville, M1. Ring, E. S., 88 Hicks Place, Woodside, L. I., N. Y. MEMBERS OF THE A. V. M. A. 54T Rishel, A. E., 215 Custom House, New York City, N. Y Risley, H. B., 74 Adams St., Brooklyn, N. Y. Ritter, Philip, 1609 E. 37th St., Kansas City, Mo. Ritter, R. W., Holtville, Cal. Rives, Robt. National Stock Yards, Ill. Roach, Frank, Box 489, Pendleton, Ore. Roach, Fred C., Myles, Iowa. Robards, Jesse, c/o Court House, Dallas, Tex. Robbins, Hartwell, 526 Federal Bldg., Atlanta, Ga. Roberts, Geo. H., 105 N. Davidson St., Indianapolis, Ind. Roberts, Guy A., Agri. Exp. Sta., N. Raleigh, N. C. Roberts, J. H., 64 King St., Northampton, Mass. Roberts, James W., 140 8. Broadway, Turlock, Cal. Roberts, Lt. Lucas L., Co. 31, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Robertson, Allan, 1127 Keele St., W. Toronto, Ontario. Robertson, James, 735 E. 44th St., Chicago, Ill. Robertson, J. E., Monona, Iowa. Robertson, Robert James, 3615 Tron St., a eae Ill. Robertson, W. M., 4212 S. 22nd St., S. S., Omaha, Neb. Robertson, Lt. W. S., Co. 29, Bn. 7, (ee Greenleaf, Ga. Robinson, B. A., 310 N. Sth St., Independence, Kans. Robinson, EK. ms 214 Bollingsbr ook St., Petersburg, VA Robinson, John W., Garrison, N. D. Robinson, Jno. W.., ond and KE. Lincoln St., Natick, Mass. Robinson, Maj. g. 523 13th St., Brandon, Man., Can. : Robinson, O. E., Bixby, Okla. Robinson, T. E., 65 Main St., Westerly, R. I. Robinson, Wm. B., ‘te Maysville St., Mt. Sterling, re Robinson, W. iH. 87 Leland St., Portland, Me. Robnett, E. gs 3419 N. McKinley, Oklahoma City, Okla. Rockwell, A. M., Maple Nook Stock Farm, Eleanor, Ill. Rockwell, Clarence S., 5128 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. Rodger, J. C., 715 Jackson St., Anderson, Ind. Rogers, A. B., 3200 5th Ave., Sioux City, lowa. Rogers, Burton R., 118 E. 48rd St., Chicago, Il. Rogers, E. M., Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Rohrer, C. G., 40 W. 61st St., New York City, N. Y.- Roig, Chester A., 110 Main St., Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Rome, John, Germantown, Md. Romig, Forrest C., Beaver Springs, Pa. , Roome, Henry, 4216 S. 22nd St., Omaha, Neb. Roper, Lt. A. J., Saltillo, Miss. Ropp, H. B., Chureh and 2nd St., Ashland, Ohio. Roscoe, H. W., 231 W. 12th St., Oklahoma City, Okla. Rosekraus, W. i eee Pers Evergreen Ave., Bronx, New York, N. Y. Rosenberger, A. C., 429 Wyandotte St., Stockton, Cal. * Rosenberger, Guy W.. yoG.r. UO. Bldg., Atlanta, Ga. Rosenberger, Jno. M., "Wycombe, Pa. Rosenberger, M. , Dept. of Health, Normal Hill Center, Los An- geles, Cal. 548 MEMBERS OF THE A. VY. M. A. in onal Harry H., Aux. Remount Depot 316, Camp Gor- on, Ga. Rosentil, Chas. H., R. F. D. 4, Box 4, Freeport, Ill. Roshon, H. B., Hdqrs. 8th Inf. Brig., A. E. F., France. Ross, Crittenden, 817 86th St, Woodhaven, N. Y. Ross, H. H., Bar V Ranch, Pekisto, Alta. Ross, Harry H., 356 10th St., Brandon, Manitoba. Ross, Lt. Joseph A., Bn. 7, Co. 31, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Ross, L. F., Box 232, Nashville, Tenn: Ross, Roy G., Estherville, Iowa. Ross, Wm. G., 3928 Orleans St., Sioux City, Iowa. Roth, F. Gustav, P. O. Box 1077, Forsyth, Mont. Rothang, Christian, Sea Cliff, L. I., N. Y. Roub, J. E., Monroe, Wis. Roueche, R. C., 1574 Waterbury Road, Lakewood, Ohio. Rowe, Hansoford H., 801 Hanover St., Fredericksburg, Va. Rowe, Wm. B., 143 Park St., Chatham, Ontario. Roycroft, Willis Charles, 551 S. Wilkinson Ave., Mobile, Ala. Royer, B., Franklin St., Shawana, Wis. Ruble, Jerry L., Mobile Vet. Sec. 10, 2nd Brig., Hdqrs., 15th Cav. Div., Ft. Bliss, Tex. Ruck, Melvin A., 3057 W. 16th St., Cleveland, Ohio. Ruffner, L. J., Beloit, Kans. Ruhe, H. W., Kinsley, Kans. Ruhl, Frederick P., Melford, Del. Rumbaugh, Geo. A., Millersburg, Ohio. Rundle, T. T., 485 1st St., Oxnard, Cal. Runge, Werner, 130 Union St., Newark, N. J. Runnells, Lt. R. A., R. F. D. 3, Clio, Mich. Runyon, Peter F., 41 E. Main St., Freehold, N. J. Russell, E. E., 81 Main St., Farmington, Me. Russell, F. F., 409 Cherry St., Jamestown, N. Y. Russell, P. U., 16th and Main St., Great Bend, Kans. Rustad, Alvin O., 303 E. Bismarck Ave., Fergus Falls, Minn. Ruth, T. H., De Smet, 8S. D. Rutherford, J. G., c/o Canadian Pacifie R. Co., Calgary, Alberta. Ryan, D. J., 4235 Vincennes Ave., Chicago, Il. Ryan, Edward T., 83 Washington St., Brookline, Mass. Ryan, J. T., 38 N. 5th Ave., La Grange, Ill. Ryan, Lt. J. P., RF. D. 5, Ft, Wayne, Ind. Rydberg, August J., San Rafael, Cal. | Ryder, Herman R., 5719 W. Superior St., Chicago, Ill. Ryder, J. F., Custom House Bldg., Boston, Mass. Ryle, Kenneth, Frankfort, Ky. Sadler, Ernest D., Wagner, 8. D. Salisbury, R. P., R. D., North Olmsted, Ohio. Sallade, J. W., Auburn, Pa. Salsbery, C. E., 4220 Chestnut St., Kansas City, Mo. Salsbury, Jos. E., Western, Neb. Salter, W. R., Stronghurst, Il. ‘ MEMBERS OF THE A. V. M. A. 549 Sampson, H. J., Colesburg, Iowa. San Augustin, G., c/o Col. of Vet. Science, Univ. of the Philip- pines, Manilla, Pak Sander, E. L., 2572 Bainbridge Ave., Bronx, N. Y. Sander, Charles L., 5149A Page Ave., St. Louis, Mo. Sanderson, Wnm., Sidney, Ohio. Sanderson, W. T., Hillsboro, Tex. Sanford, E. F., Glen Cove, N. Y. Sapp, Chas. F., Hampstead, Md. Sappington, M. A., 3323 Montgall Ave., Kansas City, Mo. Sater, Clinton H., Hamilton, Ohio. Sandin, L., Plattsmouth, Neb. Saunders, Lt. Albert, Georgetown, Il. Savage, Arthur J., 414 E. Pikes Peak Ave., Colo. Springs, Col. Savage, W. A., P. 0. Box 527, Tucumeari, N. M. Sawyer, F. M., Box 768, Bakersfield, Cal. Sayre, B. Harry, Brookings, S. D. Sayre, Chas. A., 681 Oakwood Ave., Columbus, Ohio. Saxton, B. H., Kansas, II]. Seanlan, Lt. W. J., Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Searboro, Wm. Thos. Winston-Salem, N .C. Schader, Curtis H., Sunnyside, Wash. Schaefer, E. H., 3215 Anderson Ave., Kansas City, Mo. Schaefer, G. L., c/o Q. M. C., Camp Sherman, Ohio. Schaefer, Valentin, Tekamah, Neb. Schaffer, Harry, 255 E. Broadway, New York, N. Y. Schaffer, George R., 63 Park Ave., Detroit, Mich. Schaffter, E. P., 408 P. O. Bldg., Detroit, Mich. Schafstall, Albert C., New Washington, Ohio. Schalk, Arthur F., Agri. College, N. D. Schaufler, Charles A., 1338 Hunting Park Ave., Philadelphia, P a. Scheibler, J. W., 271 Court Ave., Memphis, Tenn. Scheiloski, Floyd M., 835 Shawnee Ave., Kansas City, Mo. Scheloski, Frank J., 965 Miami Ave., Kansas City, Kans. Schermerhorn, R. J., 106 E. Citrus Ave., Redlands, Cal. Schimmel, Walter James, 7603 2nd Ave., Birmingham, Ala. Schleich, Fred H., Box 9, Tallahassee, Fla. Schlingman, Albert S., 327 N. Barron St., Eaton, Ohio. Schloemer, Charles C., 942 Castle Road Terrace, Hoboken, N. J. Schmidt, Hubert, College Station, Tex. Schmidt, John P., 200 W. North Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. Schnarck, B. F., Eddyville, Iowa. Schneider, Ernest, Kulm, N. D. Schneider, ees York Road and Erie Ave. , Philadelphia, Pa. Schneider, es Ne "Box 464, Albuquerque, N. M. Schneider, Francis Oliver, P. O. Box 504, Nicholasville, Ky. Schneider, R. H., 536 Rockland St., Philadelphia, Pe. Schneider, Wm. G. , Gettysburg, S. D. Schnell, A. W. , Wycombe, Pa. 550 MEMBERS OF THE A. VY. M. A. Schoenberger, John G., Winterset, Iowa. Schoening, Harry W., B. A. I. , Washington, D. ©. Schoenleber, T. S., Live Stock "Exch. Bldg., Denver, Col. Schofield, Earle EF, 58 E. Elm St., Greenwich, Conn. Schopmeyer, Lt. A. C., Co. 29, Bn. 7 , Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Schoudan, Theodore, 1611 Marion St., N .W., Washington, D. C. Schreck, Horst, Goshen, N. Y. Schreck, Oscar, 94 William St., New Haven, Conn. Schrencengost, Robert H., Ambulance Hdqrs., 89th Div., Camp Funston, Kans. Schreiber, Rudolph J., Monticello, N. Y. Seriber, R. G., Old State House, Little Rock, Ark. Schroeder, August J., Eldredge, Iowa. Schroeder, E. C. H., B. A. I., Exp. Sta., Bethesda, Md. Schubel, Otto Wm., 89 E. Chicago St., Quiney, Mich. Schueler, Otto R., 1314 Jefferson Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. - Schuey, Lt. G. B., Co. 20, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Schuh, Herman L., R. R. 2, Lowell, Mich. Schuler, Clarence A., 3731 6th Ave., Sioux City, Iowa. Schultz, Carl A., Independence, Mo. Schultz, Charles H., Box 84, Seattle, Wash. Schumacher, Wilhelm, 1450 W. Park Ave., Durango, Col. Schwab, Mathew E., 627 N. Federal Ave., Mason City, Iowa. Schwalm, Lt. O. C., A. R. D. 318, Camp Shelby, Miss. Schwarze, Herman R., 811 S. State St., Springfield, 1. Schwarzhopf, Maj. Olaf, Fort Russell, Wyo. Schwein, Payson E., Elkhart, Ind. Seott, Carl J., Knoxville, Iowa. Scott, George A., 315 E. 6th St., Waterloo, Lowa. Scott, Joseph Prestiwick, Vet. Co. 1, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Scott, M. W., U.S. Office, National Stock Yards, Ill. Scott, Thos. W., Old Army Bldg., St. Paul, Minn. Scott, Wm. A., 1407 Ist Ave., Columbus, Ga. Seott, Wm. R., Sulphur, Okla. Sebright, Lt. Melvin R., Camp J. C. Johnston, Jacksonville, Fla. Secoy, Lt. Charles W., Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Seely, James T., 1101 Westlake Ave., N., Seattle, Wash. Seevers, Harry, c/o B. A. I., 42nd and Halsted, Chicago, Ill. Seher, O. W., 910 Park Ave., Ft. Worth, Tex. Selby, Orval C., Div. Hdars., Camp Meade, Md. Selby, Stephen ae 429 W. 43rd St., New York City, N. Y. Self, Presley M. , Farmersburg, Ind. Senseman, B. F. 1723 N. 55th St., Philadelphia, Pa. Seright, Wm. a. 211 Federal Bldg., Atlanta, Ga. Serling, Joseph ae 168 Suffolk St., New York City, N. Y. Servatius, Jno. U., "309 Maple St., Red Oak, Iowa. Seute, Lt. Wm. ca Co. 45, Bn. 12, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Sevenster, John, Washington St., ‘Hamburg, Towa. Severin, J ohn R., 818 S. 17th St., Ft. Dodge, Lowa. _ Severovic, M. F., "Remount 2, Camp Travis, Tex.. MEMBERS OF THE A. V. M. A. 551: .- Sevy, Claude, Covington, La. Sewell, Robt. Be , Camp Travis, Hdqrs., Camp Travis, Tex. Sexton, Michael a Winona, Minn. | Seymer, Lt. H. F. , Vet. Train. School, Camp Lee, Va. Seymour, Lt. R. T, A. R. D. 308, Belair, Ga. | Shabran, Lt. Jesse L., Aux. Remt. Depot 322, Camp Dodge, Iowa. Shand, J R., c/o U. S. Army, Tientsin, China. Shannon, J. V., 1756 Frankfort Ave., Louisville, Ky. Shannon, 5. ©, ’ Delevan, Tl. Sharp, Chas. E., 243 W. North St., Greenfield, Ind. Sharp, Lt. F. S., c/o Chief Surgeon, A. E. F., France. Sharp, Lt. L. P., Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Sharp, W. E., Newton, Iowa. Shartle, W. W.., 413 New Jersey St. Tate Ind. Shaw, Clarence E. , 117 Sterling Place, Brooklyn, N. Y. Shaw, C. V., 5936 Parnell Ave., Chicago, Il. Shaw, Charles W., 200 W. 78th St., New. York City, N. Y. Shaw, R. A., Pine St., North Amherst, Mass. Shaw, Walter, 114 E. 2nd St., Dayton, Ohio. Shaw, Wm. George, Knoxville, Tenn. Shaw, Wm. Harvey, Pawnee, III. Shealy, Lt. A. L., Prosperity, 8S. C. Shealy, A. S., B. of Agric., Manilla, P. I. Shearburn, Thos. O., Walnut, Ill. Sheckler, Wm. E., 39th and Woodland, Philadelphia, Pa. Sheeran, H. D., Fostoria, Ohio. Sheff, W. R., Haven, Kans. Sheffel, Joseph, 824 8S. Lincoln St., Chicago, Ill. Shelton, J. E., Box 308, Arkansas City, Kans. Shelton, J. T., 706 E. 51st St., Chicago, Il. Shepard, E. H., 10021 Wilbur Ave., Cleveland, Ohio. Sheppard, Wm., Neck Road, Sheepshead Bay, Brooklyn, N. Y. Sherman, W. A., 340 Central Ave., Lowell, Mass. Sherrick, F. N 224 EK. Apple St., Connellsville, Pa. Sherrill, B. 6, Newport, Ind. Shevalier, K. >: Escanaba, Mich. ‘Shigley, James Fremont, 991 Hastings Ave., St. Paul, Mas. Shigley, Ralph E. Kenmare, NOD, Shikles, E. A., Dearborn, Mo. Shillinger, Lt. J. E., Easton, Md. Shipley, L. U., Sheldon, Iowa. Shipley, Lt. M., Vet. Hospital, Camp Travis, Tex. Shipley, T. A., 323 Exchange Bldg., Sioux City, lowa. Shipman, O. B., Hilo, Hawaii. Shoemaker, J. H., 105 N. Davidson St., Indianapolis, Ind. Shonyo, J. H., 711 Boyd Bldg., Winnipeg, Man. 4 Shore, Chas. B., Lake City, Minn. Shore, Chelmer S., Lake City, Minn. Shoreg, H. J. Dept. of Agric., Washington, hes C. Shorten, H. L., Gen. Del., “Concordia, Kans. . 552 MEMBERS OF THE A. Vy. M. A. Showalter, Lt. R. A., Box 303, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Shreve, R. M., Vine and Chureh, Panora, Towa. Shuler, Moke, "Eaton, Ind. Shuler, W.P. , C/o Post Vet. , Newport News, Va. Shull, Herbert, 308 State Line, Texarkana, Ark. Shults, nm. U.. Blue Mound, Ill. Shumway, Daniel Gg. Rouse Point, N. Y. Shutte, V. D., Hilo, Hawaii. Siders, Roy A., 348 E. 58th St., Chicago, Ill. Siegmund, W. C., 7th and North Sts. , Harrisburg, Pa. Sigler, Thos. A., 114 N. Jackson St., Greencastle, Ind. Sigmond, Chas. Ra Box 80, Pipestone, Minn. Siorist, Fred C., 514 W. 61st St., Chicago, Il. Sihler, C. J., 7 th and Everett Ave. Kansas City, Kans. Silberg, Be W. , Spencerville, Ind. Silfver, Oscar, 205 1st St., Peoria, Ill. ! Silverfort, Harry se 3034 Forest Ave., Kansas City, Mo. Silverwood, Herbert, 331 Clackmas St,. Portland, Ore. Simmons, Wm. H., Exp. Station, Lexington, Ky. Simms, B. T., Oreg. Agric. College, Corvallis, Ore. Simons, John P., 6511: Union Ave., Chicago, Ill. Simonsen, W. E., Cherokee, Iowa. Simpson, Hal C., Box 69, Denison, Iowa. Simpson, W. M., 45 Darmouth St., Malden, Mass. Sims, F’. C., Aurora, Neb. Sims, Thos., Woodburn, Ore. Sinai, Nathan, 225 FE. Church St., Stockton, Cal. Singleton, Henry, 306 Federal Bldg., Houston, Tex. Singst, W. S., Harrisburg, Pa. Sipos, Andrew J., 1223 Arch St., N. W., Pittsburgh, Pa. Sisk, D. E., 169 Inf. Brig., Camp Custer, Mich. Sisson, Septimus, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. Skerritt, Henry Wm., 315 Columbia St., Utica ,N. Y. Skrable, F. L., 3102 Dodge Ave., Sioux City, Iowa. Slawson, A., 24812 S. Nicholas Ave., New York City, N. Y. Sleeth, T. E., 688 Seymour St., Vancouver, B. C. Smallbone, George EK. M., Palmer, Neb. Swart, Jasper J., 50 Columbus Ave., Somerville, Mass. Smathers, he), is Co. 29, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Smead, Morgan J., ‘Parke-Davis & Co., Rochester, Mich. Smellie, James, Eureka, Il. Smeltzer, Harvey A. Baldwin, Wis. Smillie, Ernest W., Rockefeller Institute, Princeton, N. J. Smith, ‘Allen L. _ Waverly, Towa. Smith, Arthur i Mechaniesville, N. Y. Smith, A. R., 2615 D St., S. S., Omaha, Neb. Smith, A. W., Farmer City, Ill. Smith, Bert C., Brigden, Ontario. Smith, C. E., Columbia, S. C. Smith, Eldon, 717 Watson St., Grand Rapids, Mich. En a es a oe ee re MEMBERS OF THE A. Y. M. A. 553 Smith, E. I., B. A. I., 603 Roumain Bldg., Baton Rouge, La. Smith, Fletcher K., 4801 Evanston Ave., Seattle, Wash. | Smith, Geo. A. , Rigby, Idaho. Smith, George W., 157 6th St., Hoboken, N. J. Smith, Lt. Guy M., Co. 30, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Smith, BoA. 15 Jackson. St., Anderson, Ind. Smith, Ee: E., 821 C St., N. W. , Washington, D. C. Smith, 7, M., 407 Federal Bldg., Providence, fe. 1 Smith, J. M. , Crowley, La. Smith, Lee C., Caldwell Co., Hamilton, Mo. ‘ Smith, Jesse P., 2310 Central Ave., Kansas City, Mo. Smith, M. E., Elmore, Minn. Smith, M. G., 1609 Grance St., Wilmington, N. C. Smith, N. B., 2411 2nd Ave., Billings, Mont. Smith, R. E., 624 Delaware Ave., Milwaukee, Wis. Smith, Lt. R. L., A. R. D. 323, Camp Funston, Kans. Smith, R. L., B. A. I., 603 Roumain Bldg., Baton Rouge, La. Smith, R. V., 17 Court St., Frederick, Md. Smith, R. C., 6th Cavalry, "Marfa, Tex. Smith, S. N,, 112 College Ave., Columbia, Mo. Smith, RD oth ’ Cando, N. D. Smith, Thos. E., 309 Barraw St., Jersey City, N. J. Smith, W. A., 1952 N. 17th St., Kansas City, Kans. - Smith, W. C., c/o Remount Depot, Camp Dodge, Iowa. Smith, Wright J., 260 Clinton Ave., Kingston, N. Y. Snedden, Lt. R. E., Box 700, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Snyder, C. T., 3212A Henrietta, St. Louis, Mo. Snyder, Rudolph, P. O. Box 844, Helena, Mont. Snyder, Simon S§., 386 22nd St., Milwaukee, Wis. Sockman, C. C., Weston, Ohio. Sollberger, R. J., 1412 S. 8th St., St. Louis, Mo. Solt, C. H., Arlington, Ohio. Somers, J. P., 5737 Lowe Ave., Chicago, Ill. Songer, Lee C,, Dept. of Agri., Olathe, Kans. Sorensen, Andreas J., R. F. D. 6, Stockton, Cal. , Sorenson, Soren C., Tescott, Kans. Sorrell, Warren, 606 Central National Bank Bldg., San Angelo, Tex. South, Lt. R. L., c/o J. A. South, R. R. 1, Massena, Iowa. Spackman, E. P., P. O. Box 465, Alexandria, La. Spade, F. A., Constantine (St. Joseph Co.), Mich. Spalding, N. C., 73 N. 3d East St., Provo, Utah. Sparkhawk, H. H., B. A. I., 408 P. O. Bldg., Detroit, Mich. Sparks, H. D., 86 Lyon St., Ottawa, Ontario. Sparling, Wm. A. W., Harrow, Essex County, Ontario. Spencer, H. H., 429 W. Adam St., Jacksonville, Fla. Spencer, T. M., 7 W. Depot St., Concord, N. C. Spencer, Wm. T., 720 Box, Butte Ave., Alliance, Neb. Spillman, F. L., 215 E. Colo. Ave., St. Joseph, Mo. Spittler, L. K., Luray, Va. 554 MEMBERS OF THE A. V. M. A. Spitz, Arthur, 3216 Columbia Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. Splan, C. E., 15 E. Woodbridge St., Detroit, Mich. Sponglers, E. M., Northford, W. Va. Spoon, J. P., 317 North St., Burlington, N. C. Sprague, J. D., David City, Neb. Springer, C. W., 49 E. Church St., Uniontown, Pa. Springer, S. E., 444 P. O. Bldg., Denver, Col. Springstun, M. V., 202 Live Stock Exch., Ft. Worth, Tex. Sproesser, Lt. T. W., Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Sprunk, G. F., Graytown, Ohio. Stafford, Ellis C., R. F. D. 2, Cortland, N. Y. Stafseth, H. J., A. R. D., Camp Custer, Mich. Stahl, Benton H., 721 Oakwood Blvd., Chicago, Ell. Stahl, Lt. D. F., Co. 31, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Staley, R. M., Camp Hill, Pa. Stamp, Ashley G., 198 Candler Ave., Highland Park, Mie’ Stanclift, Col. R. J., 1448 Park Road, Washington, D. C. Stange, C. H., Iowa State College, Ames, Lowa. Stanton, Lt. Harry I., ¢/o Div. Vet., Camp Beauregard, La. Staples, Wm. D., 1813 Quintard Ave., Anniston, Ala. Starnaman, George W., 340 Rielle Ave., Verdun, Momt., Quebee. Starr, G. H., Vet. Co. 1, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Starr, Perry P., 716 Coli St., Gamesville, Tex. States, Harry E., 233 S. Antoine St., Detroit, Mich. St. Clair, F. P., 23 Federal Bldg., Kansas City, Kans. Steckel, L. M., 51 Chambers St., New York, N. Y. Steddom, R. R., 1468 Harvard St., Washington, D. C. Steel, Edward R., Wilber, Neb. Steele, Maj. H. F., 3rd Cav., A. E. F., France. Steele, Joseph G., 217 Exchange Bldg., Ft. Worth, Tex. Steele, M. L., Harlan, lowa. Stehle, F., Jr., 407 S. 51st St., Philadelphia, Pa. Steigley, R. W., New Carlisle, Ind. Steinbach, F. G., Oak and Pacific Ave., Wildwood, N. J. Steiner, A. J., I6wa State College, Ames, Lowa. Steinmetz, R., 1420 Roache St., Indianapolis, Ind. Stephens, George, 18 Maplewood Terrace, White River Junc- tion, Vt. Stetson, H. C., 22 Main St., St. Johnsburg, Vt. Stevens, Cecil H., Box 106, Stevensville, Mont. Stevens, Herbert L., 192 Limerock, St., Rockland, Me. Stevenson, George T., Burlington, Vt. Stevenson, James A., Gretna, Manitoba. Stever, A. C., 504 Florida Life Bldg., J acksonville, Fla. Stewart, A. D., Ailsa Craig, Ontario. Stewart, Clark A., Tripolia, lowa. Stewart, D. B., 616 Kimball Ave., Waterloo, Towa. Stewart, H. L., Chariton, Lowa. Stewart, Lewis C., B. A. L., National Stock Yards, Ill. Stewart, R. B., 310th Cav., Ft. Ethan Allen, Vt. MEMBERS OF THE A. V. M. A. 555 Stewart, Samuel L., Olathe, Kans. Stewart, W. C., West Union, Iowa. Stewart, Wm. D., 1110 E. 42nd Place, Chicago, Tl. Stewart, W. J., 210 Federal Bldg., Berkeley, Cal. Stifler, J. R., Vet. Hosp. 10, A. E. F., France. Stilley, Louis E., Co. 30, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Stillwell, J. D., Room 307, Hume-Mansur Bldg., c/o B. A. I., In- dianapolis, Ind. Stingley, O. A., 1317 E. 29th St., Kansas City, Mo. Stockler, B. J., "423 E. 64th St., Chicago, Til. Stockstill, W.D. , Sidney, Ohio. Stokes, Maj. W. se , Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Stoll, Lt. Tsaae, Mounted Service School, Dept. of Hippology, Ft. Riley, Kans. Stone, Garry T., 55 Gaige Block, Binghamton, N. Y. Stone, W.E., St. J oseph Vet. Col., St: Joseph, Mo. Storch, Wm. C., 124 E. 5th St., Middletown, Ohio. Stork, Wm. W., Brampton, Ontario. Stott, Lt. L. N., A. R. D., Camp Dodge, Towa. Stott; B: O., Remount Depot, Ft. Bliss, Tex. Stouder, Kirk W., Ames, Iowa. Stouffer, D. F. Bellevue, Neb. Stong, G. e,. 1904 H St., Omaha, Neb. Stover, John Price, Greencastle, Pa. Strange, A. 822 W. 15th St.. New York City, N. Y: Stratton, ” J., Odebolt, Towa. Strayer, TE. . Hartington, Neb.’ Streets, Jno. James, Box 87, Ventura, Cal. Stribling, Wm. E., Clarence, lowa. Stricker, Charles L., B. A. I., National Stock Yards, Ill. Strickler, C. M., 25 Elm Lane, Greencastle, Pa. Strickler, D. B., Vet. Train. School, Camp Lee, Va. Strodtman, Otis E., Room 22. Federal Bldg., Topeka, Kans. Stubbs, Chas. D., Old State House, Little Rock, Ark. Stubbs, Evan Lee, c/o State Farm, R. D. 3, Media, Pa. Stuck, D. F., 2022-N. 19th St., E. St. Louis, 1. Studebaker, M. D., Box 451, Madrid, Iowa. Stull, Capt. C. M., Camp Vet., Camp Bowie, Tex. Sturrock, Lt. A. P., Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Sugg, Redding S S., Camp Beauregard, A. R. Dd. 314, Alexandria, La. Suit, F. T., Waterleo, Towa. Suits, G. N., 24 P. O. Blde., Paterson, N. J. Sullivan, E. J., Saratoga Springs, N. Y. Sullivan, S. E., Gallatin, Mo. Sullivan, Walter A., Box 666, Twin Falls, Idaho. Summer, Orion L., 311 S. Main St., Upper Sandusky, Ohio. Summerlong, M. D. , c/o Col. of Vet. Science, Univ. of the aaa pines, 722 Tagumen, Manilla, P. I. Summers, Chas. O., Tolona, Ill. 556 MEMBERS OF THE A. V. M. A. Summerfield, Jas. J., Main and 1st St., Santa Rosa, Cal. Sunderville, E., Forest Home, Ithaca, N. Y. Surface, R. C., Altamont, Mo. Sutherland, Arthur W., Bristol, Conn. Sutherland, R. C., Box 441, Hobart, Okla. Sutton, G. E., College Station, Tex. Sutton, Otis L., 1701 Kinney Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio. Swail, Clark E., Colebrook, N. H. Swaim, A. A., 62048. Park Ave., Chicago, Ill. Swan, Wm. R., Stevens Point, Wis. Swaney, F'. C., Box 443, Billings, Mont. Swanson, P. O., Box 73, Prescott, Ark. Swank, G. K., Bucks Co., Revere, Pa. Swedberg, A. W., 232 8S. Marion St., Denver, Col. Sweeney, Martin A., 7719 Peoria St., Chicago, Ill. Swenson, S. R., Maddock, N.-D. Swim, B. H., 4435 Scarritt Ave., Kansas City, Mo. Swingley, Clarence W., Freeport, Ill. Switzer, Wm. B., 50 E. 7th St., Oswego, N. Y. Sylvester, John Fletcher, Langdon, N. D. Tade, James M., 518 N. 1st St., Vincennes, Ind. Taggart, John W., 3916 Lake Park Ave., Chicago, Ill. . Talbert, J. T., 607 Ann St., Kansas City, Mo. Talbot, Percy R., Box 703, Edmonton, Alberta. Talty, Capt. R. C., 1911 F St., N. W., Washington, D. C. Tamlin, C. 8., 453 Talbot St., London, Ontario. Tansey, Edward J., Morovia, Ind. Tasche, L. C., 718 Center Ave., Sheboygan, Wis. Tate, H. L., c/o B. A. L., Sioux City, Iowa. Taylor, A. M., 408 Exchange Bldg., S. St. Paul, Minn. Taylor, B. A., 54S. 17th St., Kansas City, Kans. Taylor, Chas. H., 632 Sycamore Rd., De Kalb, Tl. Taylor, Gilbert T., 524 N. 23rd St., Omaha, Neb. Taylor, Lawrence T., Condor, Ore. Taylor, P. P., 3613'S. 28th St., S. S., Omaha, Neb. Taylor, R. E., Lebanon, Ky. Taylor, W. J., Cristobal, Canal Zone. Teague, B. B., Bode, Iowa. Techenbrock, Wm. G., Metropolis, Ill. Teeple, Geo. R., 1224 Steele St., Denver, Col. Teeple, Lt. Sherman L., Napoleon, Ohio. Teie, John A., Hatton, N. D. Telford, Lt. R. A., 320 Sanitary Train., Camp Sherman, Ohio. Temple, Lt. E., 332 F. A., 86th Div., A. E. F., France. Tennent, D. C., 833 Bathurst St., Toronto, Ontario. Tennent, J. H., 275 King St., London, Ontario. Tesdal, O. L., Rochelle, Ill. Tesdall, Lt. Roy H., 313th Div. Train. Hdqrs. and M. P., Camp Dodge, Iowa. Thackaberry, J. J., 118 Toledo St., Elmhurst, L. I., N. Y. NN MEMBERS OF THE A. V. M. A. 557 Thayer, W. L., 598 Pleasant St., Worcester, Mass. Thigpen, Charles, D. Q. M., 3615 Iron St., Chicago, Ill. Thomas, John, Wells River, Vt. Thomas, Lt. J. J., Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Thomas, James F. A., Oswego, Kans. Thompson, Jacob F., Gladbrook, Iowa. Thompson, L. E., Mason City, Ill. Thompson, J. A., 4319 Wayne Ave., Kansas City, Mo. Thompson, J. B., 410 Parallel Ave., Kansas City, Kans. Thompson, J. B., Harvey, N. D. Thompson, Jno. 8., 903 E. 5th St., Moscow, Idaho. Thompson, L. E., Franklin, Ky. Thompson, L. F., Grant City, Mo. Thompson, M. C., Box 125, Sharon, Conn. Thompson, Warwick M., 1210 Main St., Red Bluff, Cal. Thompson, Wm., P. O. Box 325, San Antonio, Tex. Thomsen, J. T., Armstrong, Iowa. ' Thomson, Wm., Keremeos, B. C. Thumann, Robt., 4220 Olive St., Kansas City, Mo. Thurman, F.S., B. A. I., National Stock Yards, Ill. Tiedebohl, T. C., 6037 Woodlawn Ave., Chicago, III. Tierney, D. D., 6749 S. May St., Chicago, Tl. Tilhe, Lt. R. S., 113 E. 6th St., Muscatine, Iowa. Tillman, A. C., Earlville, Ill. Tillson, H. W., Delhi, N. Y. Timblin, W. N., Indiana, Pa. ; Timmerman, H. J., 4121A Hartford St., St. Louis, Mo. Timmons, W. H., Box 254, Madison, Ind. Tingley, E. K., Ambler, Pa. Tipton, Wm. B., Emporia, Kans. Titerud, Oscar H., Preston, Minn. Tittle, Lt. C. W., Box 273, Newport News, Va. Titus, A. J., ¢/o C. of Commerce, Macon, Ga. Todd, R. S., New Milford, Conn. Tognotti, Lt. Joseph A., c/o Div. Vet., 17th Div., Camp Beaure- gard, La. Tolmie, S. T., P. O. Box 1518, Victoria, B. C. Tomlinson, W. J., Williamsport, Pa. Tompkins, Leland James, Hobart, N. Y. Tooley, Jas. Wm., 38 4th St., Fond du Lac, Wis. Topmiller, Alexander C., P. O. Box 224, Murfreesboro, Tenn. Torgersen, Henry E., Vet. Hosp. 16, A. E. F., France. Tornow, Henry, 1744 Park Place, Wichita, Kans. Torrance, F., Vet. Director-General, Ottawa, Ontario. Torrie, Arthur R., 17 Hepbourne St., Toronto, Ontario. Totten, George E., 410 Fulton Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. Towne, George V., P. O. Box 54, Thompson, Conn. Towner, Albert N., Towners, N. Y. Townsend, George, P. O. Box 76, New Glasgow, Nova Scotia. Townsend, Norris L., 4100 Forest Park Blvd., St. Louis, Mo. 558 MEMBERS OF THE A. V. M. A. Tracy, Angus W., Sherbrooke, Quebec. Trader, Rudolph L., 1640 W. 14th Place, Chicago, III. Trapkey C. A., Plain City, Ohio. Traum, J., Univ. of Calif., Berkeley, Cal. Treadway, C. R., 2438 Prospect Ave., Kansas City, Mo. Trickett, Arthur, 1336 E. 15th St., Kansas City, Mo. Trigg, Wm. Stark, Co. 3, Vet. Train. School, Camp Lee, Va. Trippeer, H. A., 218 Newell St., Walla Walla, Wash. Trish, K. A., 432 Federal Bldg., Milwaukee, Wis. Tritle, F. L., 23 Federal Bldg., Kansas City, Kans. Trone, W. O., 1532 U St., N. W., Washington, D. C. Trout, Lt. O. H., Co. 30, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Troutman, W. A., Post Trevortan, Pa. Truax, Earl R., Box 332, Sac City, lowa. , Trudeau, Jos. L., 676 Elgin Ave., Winnipeg, Man. Trumbleson, B. F., Genoa, Neb. Trump, D. E., Utica, Neb. Tuck, Richard W., 2132 Peters Ave., New Orleans, La. Tucker, G. P., 2148. 14th St., Lincoln, Neb. Turlington, John A., Wachapreague, Va. Turnbull, C. E., 335 Allendale Ave., Detroit, Mich. Turner, H. A., Rose Ave., Pleasanton, Cal. Turner, H. W., New Hope, Pa. Turner, John E., Kenton, Ohio. Turner, John H., Tioga County, Wellsboro, Pa. Turner, J. P., 916 O St., N. W., Washington, D. C. Turner, Wm. H., Lorain Co., Amherst, Ohio. Turney, Carl Douglas, Eaton, Ohio. Turpen, I. C., B. A. 1., Curtis, Neb. Turpen, S. A., 293 Carroll Ave., St. Paul, Minn. Tuxill, A. J., 5 Lincoln St., Auburn, N. Y. Tweed, P. T., R. F. D. 7, Box 167, Salem, Ore. Twitchell, J. M., Vet. Hosp. 9, A. P. O. 701, A. E. F., France. Tyler, D. A., 5717 Troost Ave., Kansas City, Mo. Tyler, J. L., 816 San Pedro St., Los Angeles, Cal. Tyner, A. L., Lock Box 102, Goldsmith, Ind. Udall, D. H., New York State Vet. Col., Ithaca, N. Y. Udy, T. W., Lonaconing, Md. Underhill, B. M., 39th and Woodlawn Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. Underwood, C. S., 1017 Brookside, Mt. Washington, Mo. Underwood, J. R., 313th Train. Hdqrs. and M. P., Camp Dodge, lowa. Upton, John R., 115 Main St., Baton Rouge, La. Utt, James G., 2504 H St., Sacramento, Cal. Utter, B. A., Triumph, Minn. Utter, G. W., 148 F. A., 41st Div., Camp Mills, N. Y. Vail, Lt. Irving R., R. F. D. 3, Danbury, Conn. Vail, Wallace F., Havemeyer’s Place, Greenwich, Conn. Vance, Jacob W., Room 44, Federal Bldg., Columbus, Ohio. Vann, George H., 166 Garfield Place, Brooklyn, N. Y. e MEMBERS OF THE A. Y. M. A. 559 Vans-Agnew, A. R., Hdqrs. 5th Cav., Camp Stewart, Tex. Van Brussell, O. H. , Wayland, Mich. Van Cleave, W. B: Christman, Tl. Van de Ere, J acob, Sherwood, NPD. Van De Veen, H. E., Vet. Det., 317th Engrs., A. P. O. 766, A. E. F., France. Van de Sand, Chas. F., Keel, Wis. | Van Ks, L. Dept. An. Path. and Hygiene, University Farm, Lin- coln, Neb. Van Tuyl, G. E., Paullina, few Van Vranken, Henry S., Elsinore, Mo. Vande Woo, H. J., Jr., Orange City, Lowa. Vanderworf, Cornelius, 1339 Chicago Road, Chicago Heights, Ill. Vara, Jos. J., 526 Federal Bldg., Atlanta, Ga. Veit, Wm., 5122 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa. Veldhuis, Zachary, 408 P.-O. Bldg., Detroit, Mich. Venable, Jos. Wm., Dothan, Ala. Verduin, F. J., Union City, Tenn. Vermillion, L. B., 1310 Burch Ave., Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Vermillion, R. C., 2308 E St., S. S., Omaha, Neb. Vermilya, R. F., B. A. I., St. Paul, Minn. Viers, Lt. Carl, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Viers, Silas B., Dilles, Neb. Vigneau, J. H., Union Market Hotel, Watertown, Mass. Vleit, G. B., 202 Baldwin St., Hackettstown, N. J. Vogt, A. G., 99 Lincoln Park, Newark, N. J. Vornheder, A. W., 1150 Carrollton Ave., New Orleans, La. - Voorhees, E. R., 87 E. Main St., Somerville, N. J. Vrba, J. W., 805 N. Reno St., Oklahoma City, Okla. Wachs, Lt. H.C. , c/o Army Bldg. , 15th and Dodge, Omaha, Neb. Wadsworth, F. R., Lindsey, Ohio. Wagaman, G. M., 210 W. Superior St., Kokomo, Ind. Wagoner, C. Otto, 121 8S. 10th St., Richmond, Ind. Wahn, A. J., 3251 Glendora Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio. Waite, Harrison N., Vet. Co. 1, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Walch, Charles Ira, 4823 King Hill Ave., St. Joseph, Mo. Walch, C. C., ¢/o Schalker Pkg. Co., Leavenworth, Kans. Walch, Lee I., 4823 King Hill- Ave., St. Joseph, Mo. Walker, Chas. H., 4611 25th St., Omaha, Neb. Walker, Lt. L. Verne, Co. 29, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Walker, R. G., 238 Aberdeen St., Chicago, Ill. Walkeley, S. J., 183 Northwestern Ave., Milwaukee, Wis. Wall, Robt. D., State House, Des Moines, lowa. Wallace, Chester L., 381 Dundas St., Toronto, Ont., Canaca. Walmsley, F. D., 924 Rutger St., Utica, N. Y. Walsh, Ernest J., Minot, N. D. Walter, Lt. M. Ti 309 Train. Hdars. and M. P., 84th Div., A. E. F., France. Walters, F. A., Lement, Ii. Walther, W. A. Moorefield, Neb. 560 MEMBERS OF THE A. V. M. A. Wambaugh, L. C., Red Lien, Pa. Ward, A. R. c/o H. K, Mulford Co., Glenolden, Pa. Ward, C. A., Box 214, Lake Chavles, La. Ward, E. B., Lebanon, Mo. Ward, H. oe -Fulton, Mo. Ward, J. E., "126 Crescent, (rand Rapids, Mich. | Ward, Lt. R. M., 1819 W. 39th St., Chicago, 11. Ward, Lt. Thos. V. , Army Bldg., 15th and Dodge, Omaha, Neb. Warn, Charles D. , Dodgeville, Wis. Warner, Dick E. , Lampasas, Tex. Warnock, David, House of Commons, Ottawa, Onterio. Warren, R. E. 201 Linden St., Hammond, La. Warwick, J. G., B. A .I. , Dept. of Agri., S. St. Paul, Minn. Washburn, Henry us 708 B 8t., 8. W., Washingten, Di Washburn, W. B., 172 EK. Market St., Tiffin, Ohio. Washer, R. R., Bernard, Kans. Watson, C. W.. 3 Cedar ‘St., Branewick, Me. Watson, E. E., R. F. D. 4, Mt. Vernon, Ohio. Watson, James B:, Mexia, Tex. Watson, Thos. E., 23 N. Main St., Niagara Falls, Ontario. Watson, Thos. W., Corsicana, Tex. Wattenberg, J. G., c/o B. A. I., National Stock Yards, Il. Watters, E. J., Calumet, Mich. Watters, S. A., Poteau, Okla. Waugh, James A., 1100 5th Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. Waugh, William J., 111 W. Wheeling St., Washington, Pa. Way, Cassius, 781 Ocean Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. _ Way, Jas. B., Del Rio, Tex. Way, Rixford D., 3911 Perkins Ave., Cleveland, Ohio. Way, W. D., Ithaca, N. Y. Weathers, W. H., Hennepin, Ill. Weaver, Cecil H., 1127 Keele Ave., Toronto, Ontario. Weaver, G.'S., Brookings, S. D. Weaver, Philip V., Glen Cove, N. Y. Weaver, Wm. P., 315 Church St., Roanoke, Va. Webb, A. J., 3750 Washington Ave., Ogden, Utah. Webb, Capt. W. W., 12th Bn., Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Webber, Carl R., 135 Crossman Terrace, Rochester, N. Y. Webber, H.S.,.628 Park Ave., Weehawken, N. J. Webber, O. B., 5 Gerton Place, Rochester, N. Y. Weber, John H., 1005 N. 9th St., Boise, Idaho. Webster, Charles, Box 301, Marksville, La. Webster, John H., Box 66, Coalings, Cal. Webster, Wm. Owen, Utica, Ohio. Wedenmeyer, E. V., 23 Federal Bldg., Kansas City, Kans. Weeden, Lt. H. B., A. R. D. 331, Camp Lewis, Wash. Weeks, B. E., Consecon, Ont., Can. Weeks, C. C., Ft. Keogh, Mont. Wegner, E. E., College Station, Pullman, Wash. Wehle, Frank :A., 586 Sayre Ave., Lexington, Ky. cr Os a De, "NS te ll canis MEMBERS OF THE A. y. M. A. ASN 561 Wehrbein, H., c/o Butte Wasserman Lab., Butte, Mont. Weigel, Marion S., Cromwell, Ind. Weinman, J. E., Arcadia, Neb. Weir, Lt. a esse, Co. 31, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Weir, Robert, 84 Grove, Rutland, Ve Weires, Lt. Paul A., Co. 28, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Weitzel, Fred, 100 Parkw ray W. , Pittsburgh, ru. Welch, E. J., 666 Locust St., Fall River, Mass. Welch, F. M,, 20 Federal Bldg., Jersey City, N. J. Welch, G. N., 39 Union St., Northfield, Vt. Welch, W. B., 353 W. Arrow St., Marshall; Mo. Welch, W. H., Lexington, Ill. Weldishofer, Lt. Wm. M., Vet. Hosp. 12, Camp Lee, Va. Wells, F. E., Westerville, Ohio. Weldner, M. F., Woonsocket, 8. D. Wende, B. P., 101 Florence Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. Wende, H., 84 Sterling Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. Wentworth, Lt. James E., Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Werntz, H. G., P. O. Box 321, E. Liberty, Pittsburgh, Pa. Wertz, 8. S., Kenesaw, Neb. Wescott, G. F., 1008 Congress St., Portland, Me. Wescott, H. B., 1008 Congress St., Portland, Me. Wessels, George, Hdqrs., Camp Grant, Office of Camp Veter- inarian, Camp Grant, III. West, J. P., 753 E. Washington Ave., Madison, Wis. Westgate, Samuel 8., Grafton, S. D. Westmoreland, D. E., Owensboro, Ky. Whalen, J. H., 3750 W. 63rd Place, Chicago, Ill. Whallon, E. A., Akron, Ind. Whipple, G. E., Corn State Serum Co., 8. 8., Omaha, Neb. Whitcomb, M.'S., 1252 Silby Ave., St. Paul, Minn. White, C. A., 216 E. 26th St., Chicago, Ill. White, C. D., 1910 Boscobel St., Nashville, Tenn. White, C. L., 411 N. Cliff Ave., Sioux Falls, S. D. White, Capt. C. M., Aux. Remount Depot 314, Camp Beauregard, La. White, D. S., 1656 Neil Ave., Columbus, Ohio. White, E. A., 1233 Dryades St., New Orleans, La. White, H. A., Wyoming, III. White, Jesse H., 5830 Calumet Ave., Chicago, II1. White, John L., 5827 Union Ave., Chicago, III. White, L. A., Sioux Rapids, Towa. White, S. A. Ke 1546 Monterey Ave., Victoria, B. C. White, T. BE. 1001 W. Broadway, Sedalia, Mo. White, Thos. 1210 S. 28th St. _ Philadelphia, Pa. White, T. P., B. A. I., 1522 Q ‘St. , Washington, D. C. White, W. T., 14 Edinboro Place, Newtonville, Mass. Whiteman, H. J., 1301 Ligonier, Latrobe, Pa. Whitesell, R. B., 150 F. AoA. Be France. Whitestine, O. G., 47 E. Washington St., Huntington, Ind. 562 : MEMBERS OF THE A. V. M. A. Whiting, J. A., 1989 Bedford Ave. Pasi N. a Whiting, R. a W. Lafayette, Ind. Whitney, A. i. Narka, Kans. Whitney, C. C., ‘Dept. Laboratory, Ft. Leavenworth, Kans. Whitney, H., 17 Whiting me New Haven, Conn. Whitney, J. c. 3 West St., N., Hillsdale, Mich, Whitney, J. G.. 673 araeee St., ; Manchester, Ni SH: Whyte, J. D.., 315 6th Ave., E., Calgary, Alta. Wickham, J. C., Delaware, Ohio. Wicks, A. G., 23 N. College St., Schenectady, N. Y. Wicktor, C. E., 34th F. A., Camp McClellan, Ala. Wiggs, E. M., Greenville, Tex. Wight, A. E., B. A. L., Washington, D. C. Wight, W. E., 237 McKee Place, Pittsburgh, Pa. Wilbur, B. R., B. A. I., Buffalo, N. Y. Wilcox, Floyd P., 1443 W. 28rd St., Los Angeles, Cal. Wilder, J. L., Akron, N. Y. Wileden, L. A., 329 F. A., Camp Custer, Mich. Wiley, M. C., B.-A. I., Trinidad, Col. Wilham, Everet, Mt. Pulaski, JIL. Wilhite, C. L., Manila, Iowa. Wilhoit, Lt. C. R., Co. 29, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Wilkins, J. E., Johnson and Jordan Sts., Greenville, Tex. Wilkins, Lt. W. I., Co. 29, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Wilkinson, H. D., Tomo River, N. J. Wilkinson, J. A., Lufkin, Tex. Williamson, M. A., 1406 N. Houston St., Ft. Worth, Tex. Will, Evan J., Harrisonburg, Va. Willett, F. C., Henry, Ill. Willey, Louis E., Station A, Ames, Sawa. Williams, Lt. Douglass K., Co. 29, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Williams, Lt. E. E., Eclectic, Ala. Williams, G. M., 611 College St., Boone, Iowa. Williams, M. J., Lewisville, Ark. Williams, Nicholes F., ¢/o Kansas Blackleg Serum Co., Amarillo, Tex. Williams, R. E., Aztec, N. M. Williams, W. OF NX State Vet. Col., Ithaca, N. Y. Williams, Walter W.., 411 Broadway, Utica, N.-Y. Williamson, W. L., 1618 2nd Ave., Cedar Rapids, Towa. Willis, H. W. , ¢/0 ‘A.C, College, Logan, Utah. Willmot, Chas., Chickasha, Okla. Willmot, Dan, Chickasha, Okla. Willmot, John, Chickasha, Okla. Wills, J. G., 27 Matilda St. , Albany, N. Y. Willson, Louis A.A Common St., Montreal, Quebec. Willyoung, L. E., '86 Mariner St., Buffalo, N, ‘ec Wilson, A. F. _ Carmangay, Alberta. 2 Wilson, A. M. , Wheatly, Ontario. ' Wilson, Lt. C. ‘Be Co. 30, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleat, Ga. MEMBERS OF THE A. Y. M. A. 563. Wilson, Charles P., Decorah, Iowa. Wilson, ©..P.,113 S. State St., Greenfield, Ind. Wilson, Don R., 42nd and Halsted St., Drovers Bank Bldg., Chi. eago, Il. Wilson, E. L., Eufaula, Okla. Wilson, F, M., Mechanicsville, Iowa. Wilson, F. O., 314 Madison, Greenbay, Wis. Wilson, G. re Scottdale, Pa. Wilson, Howard C., 187 Montgomery St., Troy, Ala.. Wilson, Lt. H. W., Gilman, Il. Wilson, I. D., State College, Pa. Wilson, J. T., Hampton, Va. Wilson, J. M., Winfield, Iowa. Triths Wilson, J. O. -¢/0 Locke Hotel, Pierre, 8. D. se] Wilson, Lee A. , Taylors Falls, "Minn. WV Wilson, R.. H. 0/0 Parke-Davis Co. , Rochester, Mich. Fy Wilson, R. 0., Dunseith, N. D. Wilson, W.'S., Bowman, N. D. Wimseth, O. K., Shelton, Neb. Winchester, J. T., Lawrence, Mass. Wing, C. C., 605 City Hall, Oakland, Cal. Wing, Casper L., Van Wert, Iowa. Winnes, Calvin, c/o Rath Pkg. Co., Waterloo, Iowa. Winsloe, J. A. H., Assist. State Vet., Cooperstown, N. D. Winslow, C., Rockland, Mass. Winslow, J. H., La Moure, N. D. Winstanley, J. H., 119 S. 37th, Philadelphia, Pa. Winter, H. E., 132 E. 2nd St., Plainfield, N. J. Winter, Jno. H., A. C. 24, Douglass, Ariz. Winters, O. W., Arthur, II. Winters, Raymond, 79 Steel St., Auburn, N. Y. Wintringham, Lt. H. B., 301st Cav., U.'S. A., Monterey, Cal. Wipf, J. D. C., Belgrade, Mont. Wirt, F. G., Box 4, Thibodaux, La. Wirthlin, J. R., 4885 Emerald Ave., Chicago, Il. Wise, Wm. F., 246 N. Liberty St., Medina, Ohio. Wiseman, W., Delphos, Kans. Wishard, C.8., Arabi, La. Wisner, Scott B. S. , Omega, Neb. Witle, Charles R., 852 EB St,. New Britain, Conn. Witmer, EV... Ft. Pierce, Fla. Woelk, W. R., 1005 Washington Ave., Alpena, Mich. Wolcott, Lery B., Shelton, Neb. Wolcott, W. A., 713 E. Johnson St., Madison, Wis. Wolf, 0. 0., W. 7th St., Ottawa, Kans. - Wolfe, Lt. Wm. R., Bessemer City, N. C. Wolma, F. J., 602 Deep Eddy Ave., Austin, Tex. Wood, ‘A. L. , Hampton, Towa. ‘ Wood, Lt. Chester E., Office of Post Vet., Corozal, Canal Tome. Wood, Emlen, Div. Vet. Hdars., 28th Div., A. P.O. 744, A. E. Fy France. 564 MEMBERS OF THE A. V. M. A. Wood, F. W., c/o Cutters Laboratory, Berkeley, Cal. Wood, Harley B., 19th Trs. Hdqrs. and M. P., Camp Dodge, Iowa. Wood, John W., 411 N. 12th St., Kansas City, Kans. Wood, R. E., Rockville, Ind. Wood, Wm. Roy, 167 Commissioner St., West Montreal, Que. Woodliffe, M. J., 637 E. 20th Ave., Denver, Col. Woodring, F. R., 402 9th St., Chillicothe, Mo. Woods, Lt. C. W., Co. 29, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Woodside, James H., Redmond, Wash. Woolard, C. L., Benton, Il. Woolf, F. P., Board of Health, Mobile, Ala. Woolfolk, G. H., 524 W. Norwegian St., Pottsville, Pa. Woolsoncroft, G. V., Cissna Park, Il. Wooters, Lt. H. S., ¢/o Div. Vet., Camp Logan, Tex. Woolton, Wm. C., 2650 Main St., Buffalo, N. Y. ‘Word, Neil E., c/o J. P. Squire & Co., Cambridge, Mass. ‘Workman, L. F., Citronell, Ala. Worley, E. R., Ashland, Neb. ‘Worms, A. C., 2932 Broadway, Chicago, IIL. Worrell, George, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Worsham, Ivel C., Wagon Co. 301, Jeffersonville, Ind. Wright, Charles H., 3017 Cherry St., Kansas City, Mo. Wright, Carlton J., Cerro Gordo, Ill. Wright, Chas. C., 1819 W. 39th St., Depot Q. M., Chicago, II. Wright, D. E., Colfax, Cal. Wright, H. K., Glenolden, Pa. Wright, J. B., Live Stock Exch., S. St. Joseph, Mo. Wright, L. A., Water St., Columbus, Wis. Wright, L. H., University of Nevada, Reno, Nev. Wright, W. D., 1701 Ressequil St., Boise, Idaho. Wurm, J. E., Pigeon, Mich. Wyatt, D. Henry, Santa Paula, Cal. Wyatt, Lt. James, Springfield, S. C. Wyland, F. E., Terrill, lowa. Yager, E. P., B. A. I., Atlanta, Ga. Yates, G. H., 1322 Aloha St., Seattle, Wash. ‘Yenner, B. H., Ottumwa, Lowa. Yetter, Lt. S., Remount Depot 309, Camp McClellan, Ala. Yocom, Lt. E. J., Co. 30, Bn. 7, Camp Greenleaf, Ga. “Yoder, J. H., Monroe, La. ‘Yoder, E. C., 268 Armstrong Ave., Jersey City, N. J. “Yonkerman, D. P., B. A. I. Office, Sioux Falls, 8. D. York, C. H., Box 935, Columbus, Ohio. Yost, Lt. H. R., Somerset, Ohio. Young, Lt. Charles H., ¢/o Post Vet., Newport News, Va. Young, C. J., 3814 S. 27th St., Omaha, Neb. Young, F. A., Delphos, Ohio. Young, George D., 9945 S. Irving Ave., Chicago, Il. Young, G. R., 4213 Center St., Omaha, Neb. Young, H., 515 N. Charles St., Baltimore, Md. NECROLOGICAL 565 Young, John M., 419 6th St., Brooklyn, N. Y. Young, J. P., Le Roy, W. Va. - Young, Wm. A., P. O. Box 193, Prospect, N. Y. Youngberg, Stanton, B. of Agric., Manilla, P. I. Yunker, EH. H., 2344 N. 18th St., Philadelphia, Pa. Zecha, J. R., Ellinwood, Kans. Zecha, John Lewis, Edgemont Station, E. St. Louis, Ill. Zell, Charles A., 523 Greenleaf Ave., Wilmette, Ill. Zeltzer, Joseph E., 13 Tirwood Ave., Detroit, Mich. Zickendrath, E. G., 101 Middlefield Road, Palo Alto, Cal. Zimmerman, Israel, B. A. I., Springfield, Mass. Zimmerman, Jas. A., 116 Massachusetts Ave., St. Joseph, Mo. Zumwalt, A. R., 4428 S. 22nd St., Omaha, Neb. NECROLOGICAL. DR. W. L. STICKEL. Dr. W. L. Stickel, a graduate of the San Francisco Veterinary College in 1913, died at Etna Mills, Cal., on December 7, of pneumonia. Dr. Stickel joined the A. V. M. A. in 1915. He leaves a widow and a seven-month-old baby. DR. E. P. WOOD. : ag Dr. E. P. Wood, CharlottesviHe, Va., died recently from pneu- monia following an attack of influenza. Dr. Wood received his early education in the public schools of Albemarle. He received his B. 8. degree at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, was a graduate of the U. S. College of Veterinary Surgeons, Washington, D. C., and was licensed to practice in Virginia, North Carolina and the District of Columbia. Dr. Wood was a member of the A. M. V. A., having joined in 1915. He is sur- vived by his mother and two sons—Col. T. Gilbert Wood, of Roanoke, Va., and Dr. Hugh Wood, of Greensboro, N. C. DR. CLINTON BUDD PALMER. _ Dr. Clinton Budd Palmer died October 19, 1918, at his home at Easton, Pa., from pneumonia, following an attack of influenza; Dr. Palmer was forty years of age and was born at Moose- head, Luzerne County, Pa. He was a graduate of Stroudsburg, 566 NECROL OGICAI- Pa., High School and of the Chicago Veterinary College, class of 1911. Prior to locating at Easton, he practiced a short time in New York City. 2 He was successful from the start, and in connection with his practice he established a hospital for animals in a building ad- joining his home. He was noted for his kindness to animals and in treating them always showed the greatest interest and did all in his power to afford relief. Many Eastonians, on leaving the city, were in the habit of leaving their pets in his charge. Dr. Palmer is survived by his wife and two children, Alice and Clinton B. Palmer, Jr. A. Mitchell Palmer, Alien hate ie Custodian, of Washington, D. C., was a brother. He was a member of the Solloveiniv organizations: American Veterinary Medical Association, and a few days before his death was appointed to the Legislative Committee for a term of five years; the Pennsylvania State Veterinary Medical Association, and a member of the Executive Committee; the Easton Rotary Club, and took a great interest in that organization; Easton Board of Trade, and a director of the S. P. C. A. He was an Alpha Psi man, Gamma Chapter. He was also a member and took an active interest in the Society of Friends of Stroudsburg DR. H. A. GREER. SS Dr. H. A. Greer of Danville, Ill., died of cerebral hemorrhage on December 27. Dr. Greer was educated at the University of Illinois and was a graduate of the Chicago Veterinary College. He was admitted into membership in the A. V. M. A. in 1917. He was president of the Illinois State Veterinary Association for the past year and was one of the prominent progessive veterinarians in the state of Illinois. His death was a severe loss to the pro- fession, not only in Illinois, but to the country asa whole. DR. REID. Dr. Reid, of the firm of Sweet & Reid, Exeter, Ontario, died recently as the result of influenza. Dr. Reid graduated from the Ontario Veterinary College about three and a half years ago. He was extremely popular and had a bright future before him. The Doctor was a little over twenty-nine years of age, and a native of Nova Scotia. REVIEW. The Anatomy of the Domestic Fowl. By B. F. Kaupp, M. S., D. V. M.,, Poultry Investigator and Pathologist in the North Carolina Station, State De- partmént of Agriculture, and the State College of Ae 12mo of 373 pages with 84 illustrations. Philadelphia and London: W. B. Saunders Com- pany, 1918. Cloth $3.00 net. While the author’s foreword notifies reviewers that no crit- ical reviews are allowed, it seems that constructive personal sug- gestions are welcomed. The author is to be congratulated upon the completion of his laborious task and for his attempts to fill ‘‘the demand for a text- book on the Anatomy of the Domestic Fowl.’’ The subdivision and arrangement of the text are logical and admirable but: 1. The descriptions are general, often vague, and lack the precision that an anatomist would use. Space does not permit the many citations that may be given, but the following examples will illustrate some of the deficiencies : On pages 23 and 24 in the description of the cranial cavity no mention is made of its shape and no demarcation boundaries of the subdivisions are given, and we read, ‘‘The posterior wall of the cerebellum is formed by the occipital bone,’’ “‘The walls are marked by digitations and vascular groove.’’ The word **digitations’’ is evidently used to mean ‘‘ digital impressions’ ’— two very different things in anatomical language. Page 149. ‘‘Openings of simple intestinal tubular glands the duodenal glands, or the glands formerly known as Brunner’s glands are located between the villi.’’ _ Aside from lymphoid tissue the vertebrate intestine may con- tain: A. Intestinal glands (Lieuerkiihn’s glands or crypts) above the muscularis mucosa. B. Duodenal glands (Brunner’s glands) perforating and : mostly below the muscularis mucosa. The duodenal glands are absent in the chicken. ‘2. The figures cover a wide range and in that respect are complete, but lack definition and clearness to such an extent that most of them are practically useless for instructional purposes. _ The publishers. deserve much credit for their publication of this needed text. A good quality of paper and readable type are 568 REVIEW used, but the figures are much below their standard as set, for example, in Sisson’s Anatomy of the Domestic Animals. 3. It is regrettable that the nomenclature used does not cor- respond more closely to that of the ‘‘BNA’”’ (Basle Nomina Ana- tomica). We hope that the agricultural students for whom this text is evidently written (Foreword) will soon exhaust the first edition and that the second may more nearly meet the requirement of veterinarians, students and research workers. H. 8. M. The announcement has been received of the marriage of Dr. R. L. Brinkman and Miss Marian Van Landingham on Sunday. December 22, 1918, at Cairo, Ga. Wilmington, N, C Janary, 3, 1919. SeCt. Off, State Dear,Sir, Will. You. Bee Kind. A, Nuff To, Send, A. Form, Off, Veteary, Licens For, Dr, Horses, And, Cows If, It, Is, Neseary, To, Furnish Refornee, I, Do, So, By, The, Best, Off, The, Country Leet, Hear, From, You, As, Soone, As Can, Please-And, Oh, Blige,’ Respectfully Yourse, J, D, Sidbury 213, Mears, S,T Wilmington,N,C, The foregoing is a true copy of an application for license to practice veterinary medicine in the State of North Carolina. Captain Otis A. Longley of California, recently on the staff of instructors at Camp Greenleaf, was a visitor to the New York City Association at its January meeting. Captain H. Ticehurst of New Jersey, recently Division Vet- erinarian at Camp Sheridan, Ala., has been released from the service and returned to practice at Morsemere, N. J. In January Captain Ticehurst addressed the annual meeting of the New Jersey State Veterinary Medical Association. MISCELLANEOUS 569 Lieutenant W. W. Yard of Denver, Col., who, after finishing his training at Camp Greenleaf, was transferred to Camp Lee, was later sent ‘‘over the seas”’ to the A. E. F. President Cochran of the New York City Veterinary Medical Society gave a timely address at the January meeting of the body. Dr. Chas. H. Higgins, for many years attached to the govern- ment veterinary staff of Canada, has recently settled in New York. Dr. Higgins gave a wonderfully interesting address at the New York City Veterinary Medical Society in January on the development of veterinary medicine in Canada. President Moore, Treasurer Jacobs, Chairman Hoskins, T. E. Munce and 8S. J. Walkley, of the Legislation Committee; Dr. Peter Bahnsen, of Georgia; Dr. Cassius M. Way, of New York; Dr. J. A. Kiernan, of the B. A. I. organization, and Chief John R. Mohler appeared before the House Committee on Agriculture at Washington on January 15, 1919, to urge increased ¢ompensa- tion of the B. A. I. veterinarians and inspectors. VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION MEETINGS In the accompanying table the’ data given is reported by y many Secretaries as being of great . tlue to their Associations, and it is to be regretted that some neglect to inform us of the dates and laces of their meetings. Secretaries are ney, requested to see that their organizations are meets included i in the following list: Name of Organization Date of Next ’ Place of Name and Address of Sec’y Meeting Meeting Alabama Vet. Med. Ass’n.......... Feb. 20-22, 1919...|Birmingham.......... C. A. Cary, Auburn Alumni Ass’n College of Vet. W. R. Hobbs, care 20: SB; Med. O. S. U MDUS. 5265.54: Columbus, Ohio Alumni Ass’n N. Pe -A. V.C..... 338 "E. 26th St....... Jos. A. DeGroodt, Alumni Ass’n U. S. Coll. Vet. Mendham, N. j. Surgeons Wash., D. C American V. M. Ass’n seeeeeweweereees Begins Oct. 13,’19 New Orleans seeeeees N. 9; Mayo. 4753 Ravenswood Ave., Chicago R. M. Gow, Little Rock a eeseees Arkansas Veterinary Ass’n B. A. Vet. iad of Iowa........ Mata, LOIS Tree Ames, Ta....2.300...... F. arse Cedar Rapids, Ta. B. A. I. Vet. In. A., S. Omaha..|3d Mon. each mo.|S. Omaha i Neb ee J. V. Giffee, So. Side, Omaha British Columbia Vet. Ass’n...... K Chester, New Westminister, B C. California State V. M. Ass’n..... F. M.. Hayes, Davis Central Canada V. Ass’n A. B. Wickware, Ottawa Central N. Y. Vet. Med. Ass’n|June and Nov....... Syracuse W. B. Switzer, Oswego Chicago Vet. Society.......0:..00004. 2d, Tu..each mo...:|Chicago.................. A. A. Leibold, Chicago Colorado State V. M. Ass’n...... January 21, 1919 |Denver ................ I_ E. Newsom, Ft. Collins Conestoga Veterinary Club....... 2d Thu. each mo..|Lancaster, Pa....... H. B. Brady, Sec’y Connecticut V. M. Ass’n A. T. Gilyard, Waterbury Dominion Vet. west Inspec- tors’ Ass’n of Canada 3d Sat each mo....|/Toronto T. E. H. Fisher, Toronto Genesee Valley V. M. Fe ask New 2d week in Jan......)| Rochester..............| J. H. Taylor, Henrietta, N. Y Georgia State V. M.A P. F. Bahnsen, Americus Hudson Valley V. M. A W. H. Kelly, Albany Idaho Ass’n Vet. graduates....... C. V. Williams, Blackfoot Illmo Vet. Med. Ass’n |L. B. Michael, Collinsville, Tl Illinois State V. M. Ass’n hod, Pa Merillat, Chicago Indiana Veterinary Ass’n..........|.----.------------ oe G. H. Roberts, Indianapolis Iowa Veterinary Ass’n................ Jan. 22-23-24, ’19|Ames _.__________ H. D. Bergman, Ames Ranaas State Vi IM. AGG ticle de oe eos J. H. Burt, Manhattan Kentucky V. M. Ass’n........ ....... Sualy.10> Eo eas Shelbyville............ D. E. Westmoreland, Owensbore Keystone V. M. Assg’n................ 2d Tu. each mo.....|Philadelphia.......... C. S. Rockwell Louisiana State V. M. Ass’n..... Maine Vet. Med. Ass’n POOR. sesenseaces, E. E. Russell, Farmington Massachusetts Vet. Ass’n.......... Monthly... ..cé.cs: Reutncy House ton Michigan State V. M. Ass’n...... W. A. Ewalt, Mt. Clemens Minnesota State V. M. Ass’n....|........--...-.--- G. Ed. Leech, Winona Mississippi State V. M. Ass’n]|__----.-..........---. Greenville ............. J. A. Beavers, Canton Missouri Valley V. Ass’n............ Feb. 11, 12, 13,’19|Kansas City, Mo.|R. F. Bourne, Ft. en Col. Missouri Vet. Med. Ass’ii..ic.:....).:.ccc.ccccoccassecen, coveseoee Chas. D. Folse, Kansas City Montana State V. M. A... A. D. Knowles, Missoula Nat’! Ass’n B.A.I.Veterinarians|Meet with A. V. S. J. Walkley, 185 N. W. Ave., M A. Milwaukee, Wis. Neb. Vet. Med. Ass’n S. W. Alfort, Lincoln New Yoxck S. V. M. feeeee July 24-26 Ithaca, N. Y Conerseee CE. Hayden, Ithaca Schuylkill Valle South Dakota Ass’n North Carolina V. M. Ass’n...... J. P. Spoon, Burlington North Dakota V. M. Ass’n........ W. J. Mulroony, Havana North-Western Ohio V. M. A... C. E. Hershey, Tiffin, O' Syre emte Vs IM. Ase'n..........ciclonuscsee nduc cecum R. I. Bernath, Wauseon Ohio Tri-County Vet. Ass’n Dr. W.R. Lukens, Hillsboro Ohio Varney. Vet. Med. A&Ss’n. i314...) cccccccéccdcccasnosaandece nu C, S. Henry, Terre Haute Oklahoma State V. M. Ass’n....|.......--....----.--....| Oklahoma City ....]W. P. Shuler, Stillwater Oregon Vet. Med. Ass’n............ : BT. Corvallis, Ore Pennsyivania State V. M. A.....)Jan. 22, 23, 1919|Harrisburg............ T. E. Munce, Harrisbur: Portland Vet. Med. Ass’n.......... 4h Tu. each mo.....}Portland, Ore........ Sam. B. Foster, Portland, Ore. S. Carolina Ass’n C Veter'De..: Sept... Ay Bi... ssussnssus Columbia, S. C.....]B. K. McInnes, Charleston Reading.................. C. R. Potteiger,*Reading MA S. W. Allen Watertown So. Aux. of Cal. S V. M Ass'n|3d..Wed. Dec., Mar., June, Sept.j/Los Angeles............ J. A. Dell, Los Angeles ae Oe Michigan V. M. i H Preston Hoskins, Detroit Southeastern States Vet. Med. : Feb. 20-22,’19....... Birmingham, Ala 1S. Roberts, W. Raleigh, N. C Southern Tier V. M.A July 5 Binghamton.......... R. Birch, Ithaca, N. Y. Southwestern Mich. Vet. Med Ass’n ae A. Winter, Eau Claire, Mich. JOURNAL OF THE American Veterinary Medical Association FORMERLY AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW (Original Officiai Organ U. 8. Vet. Med. Ass’n) W. H. DALRYMPLE, Editor. BATON ROUGE, LA. V. A. Moore, President, Ithaca, N. Y. N. S. Mayo, Secretary, Uhicago. M. JAcos, Treasurer, Knoxville, Tenn> Executive Board GEO. HILTON, Ist District; T. E. Muncs, 2nd District; S. E. BENNETT, 3rd District; J. R. Mouumr, 4th District; C. H. StTanes, 5th District; R. A. ARCHIBALD, 6th District; A. T. KINSLEY, Member at Large. Sub-Committee on Journal J. R. MOHLER GEO. HILTON R. A. ARCHIBALD Tho American Veterinary Medical Association is not responsiLie for views or statements published in the JOURNAL, outside of its own authorized actions. Reprints should be ordered in advance. A circular of prices will be sent upon application. VOR. 28 Vi, IN: Si VO ii FEBRUARY, 1919. No. 6. PUBLIC CONFIDENCE. Occasionally one sees the statement that such and such a commercial enterprise has been ‘‘built by public confidence.”’ The confidence of the public is, obviously, one of the greatest and most valuable assets that any business organization could be possessed of, as without it, failure is almost inevitable. To secure this confidence, however, the organization must be more or less perfect in each of its various departments and rela- tions, not only as a whole, but all down the line to the individual unit—the subordinate employee. To maintain this confidence, the concern must be kunen for the business acumen of its heads; for the strictly business meth- ods employed; and for its absolute integrity in all its business relations. If, therefore, the success of great commercial enterprises is dependent upon the confidence of the public, which it is, and _ which-those who have succeeded in this way have a perfect right _to boast of, there seems no reason why a profession like ours should not have a similar boast to make, or, at all events, keep constantly aiming in that direction; for if any body of men requires this confidence, and especially of the stock-owning pub- TZ EDITORIAL lic, on which to build for the future, it is our own profession, collectively and as individuals. © The question arises, therefore, are we using our best efforts to secure this confidence; The times are changing fast—in fact, have already changed—and a new era is upon us; and recon- struction problems are due to be discussed and acted upon. The results of the late war have set people thinking along more advanced lines in the production of animal life; how this may be accomplished through greater economy, not merely in- creased production numerically, but of superior quality, and through greater saving of animal life from disease, both of a non- contagious character and those plagues which periodically deci- mate their flocks and herds. Stockowners will require, and are already looking for, better professional service to aid them in the accomplishment of their purposes. Are we preparing ourselves to meet this greater and higher demand? Or, in other words, are we beginning to realize that more will be expected, and de- manded, of us as a profession in the future than has been the ease in the past; that our success depends upon the confidence of the public, and to secure which will mean, among other things, more thorough education in the various branches; closer fraternal relations; and unquestioned integrity in the case of each and every member? For, to quote the words of the ‘‘ Immortal Bard’’: “To thine own self be true,. And it must follow, as the night the day, Thou canst. not then -be false to any man.” Let us hope the time may not be far distant when we can point with pride to the fact that the Veterinary Profession in America, whose aims are as lofty as those of any of the other so-called learned professions, has been built and maintained by public confidence, and that it stands like a rock on that splendid and lasting foundation. ‘PERMANENT ADDRESSES URGENT. In order to save complications and a large amount of extra and unnecessary workin both the office’ of the Secretary, in Chicago, and that of ‘the Editor of the Journal, in Baton Rouge, Lua., besides avoiding considerable disappointment on the part of members and subscribers through not receiving their Journals, it is extremely urgent that everyone who has been absent from home on military duty, or otherwise, should, at the very earliest: EDITORIAL 573 possible foment, now, send in his permanent address, so that the records and mailing» lists may. be made. as- nearly correct as possible. It is important, also, ‘that all tent Dore who ave not paid their 1918 dues should do so at once to the Secretary in order to ‘avoid missing their copies of the Journal. We realize that, to the member, such a small matter as sending in a postcard to have his address corrected, is very easily deferred to a ‘‘more con- venient season,’’ but to those of us who have to try to ‘‘keep the record straight,’’ it often amounts to a tremendous amount of clerical work that might be avoided. Won * our members and subscribers please attend to these little matters at once, for their own sake, as well as ours? It will be much appreciated. “DON’T THINK, BUT TRY; BE PATIENT AND ACCURATE.” One of the serious failures in accuracy of writing arises from the feeling that one will be heard for his much speaking. Many a writer has failed to make his points understood through the error of diffuseness. Many a physician has worked out a valuable point in research, in therapeutics, in technique or in clinical observation, but has utterly failed to impress it upon others. Instead of presenting his fact in definite and concrete form, he has smothered it in padding and buried it in a seven-column article. Ifa writer wishes to make a point he should present it definitely, without extraneous matter which will befog the mind of the reader and distract his thoughts from the central idea. This is well illustrated by the course taken by Jenner upon the advice of John Hunter, referred to above as a quotation. After prolonged study and observation, he wrote a book upon his in- vestigations of ‘‘Cow-pox As It Appears in the Western Counties of England.’’ It was not a 1,200-page quarto volume, but a little book of 21 pages, of which one of the rare existing copies may be found in the library of the New York Academy of Medicine. He described distinctly and without camouflage one of the greatest discoveries in the history of medicine, and left a name equal in honor to that of Hippocrates and Galen. He did much; he wrote little. The value of medical writing is assayed not by oy much but how good. —N. ¥. State Journal of Medicine, DISCUSSIONS ON PAPERS AT PHILADELPHIA MEETING. ARMY VETERINARY MATTERS.* Major JNO. P. TURNER. Major Turner prefaced his paper as follows: Gentlemen: Any subject relating to army service at present eannot be made just as interesting as we would like, because there is a chap in Washington called the Censor, and that Censor puts a few tucks in your lips, and you may have a lot of thoughts coming to you, and interesting matter you would like to bring up, but you don’t; you bring up what the Censor passes. I would state that this paper has been censored. That may account for its uninteresting qualities. At the camps where divisions are lo- cated each has its divisional meat inspector. I can’t pass over this section without making a few remarks about the Camp Training School. It is doing very, very good work; and if any veterinarians have the opportunity of going _ through that camp, and can stop off and see the instruction given by these camp instructors, and three veterinary officers, out in the field drilling 300 men, and drilling them as well as line officers—you would have heard some strong commendative state- ments. There is always a horse present. Every point is illus- trated. It is a practical course. Men are taught there to be good veterinary soldiers; and I am glad to say there is a disciplined camp there. An officer said, ‘‘If you want to see a sanitary camp come over to the Veterinary School.’’ (Applause.) The Divisional Veterinary Department is at work from morn- ing to night; there is horseshoeing morning, noon and night; and special attention is paid to the proper fitting of saddles and harness. Horseshoeing receives a great deal of attention in the army. : | ie oe a Regarding the success of the Veterinary Service Corps, of course, we judge any service by its success, I can say that the veterinary service is functioning well. I don ’t think we can take statistics entirely for the success or failure of any organization ; *See November Journal, page 126. dl 4 DISCUSSION ON ARMY VETERINARY MATTERS : 575 but statistics show that last December we had a death rate of 44/100, whereas in June we had a death rate of .071, or there- about. The non-efficient animals last winter averaged about 20,000, while today they average about 12,000. We are not pat- ting ourselves on the back with any great plaudits or credit. We have been doing some good work, but everybody has been helping. The Bureau has been helping us clean up corrals ‘at points of shipping. But no experienced officer looks for this low rate to continue next year if we start buying. We ceased buying since last December—also, weather conditions have helped. So, we are not pluming ourselves on this very low death rate, because there has been practically no buying of animals, and the animals bought last winter have become acclimated. The diseases we had last winter were largely traumatic injuries which entered into the service, and the diseases were largely climatic. In the Eastern Zone we have had diseases mostly due to the invasion of the necrotic bacillus. With some recent training and recent expe- rience the veterinary officers are getting I believe they will be able to handle this infection very much more systematically than they ever have been able to handle it before. (Applause. ) DISCUSSION. Dr. Kiystey: I don’t know that there is anything to discuss on Major Turner’s paper; but I think the Association is deeply indebted to Major Turner for giving us such an able paper. A Memper: We are very proud of the Veterinary School at Camp Meade.. I have had the privilege of visiting the schools of the state for sixteen years, and I would say that we have never had the privilege of seeing such a training school in the State of Virginia. When we went there they gave us a real Wild West Show. It is only a few miles from Camp Lee. The Major has not done it justice. He tells you a few things about it, but you can’t appreciate it until you visit it. © Dr. Berns: The detailed report we have received and had the privilege of listening to, by Major Turner, is extremely grati- fying to men who have the interest of the veterinary profession at heart. To me it is most pleasant. Only a few years ago in the Army the Veterinary Corps amounted to nothing. Now we have a splendid veterinary establishment in the Army of the United States. To me it is most valuable. Dr. Cootey: This valuable report by Major Turner has im- pressed me very greatly. It shows to me that the work these men 576 DISCUSSION OF THE B. A. L AS A WAR AUXILIARY are doing has put the profession | on the map as a one hundred per cent profession in trying to do work for our great country. (Applause.) — Dr. Pierce: I listened with considerable ‘interest to Major Turner’s address, and from what I have seen of the military camps in our district he has described them very well, and they are carrying out his instructions very well. He omitted one expression, one thing I consider fairly essential—he did not say a word about driving. At one camp, during the few hours I was there, every four-line team that passed me I looked over to see how the driver was holding his reins; and every man had the lines bunched up in his hands, and let the mules take the initia- tive. From what I saw they certainly had not the proper instruc- tion in holding the reins. I did see one boy—lI did not have the chance to ask where he was from—but he appeared to be a four- line teamster,. | I was in the Army about the time Brother Berns referred to, about thirty-two years ago. I remember well that we had at that time some drivers. It is not common in this country any more to see four-line teams; and possibly my love of anmials leads me to insist upon proper driving of them, and proper hitching them up; but no service team goes by me but what [ look at it to see how the driver holds his reins. If he holds them properly he is a driver ; if not, he is only good at drawing his salary. THE B. A. I. AS A WAR AUXILIARY.* JNO..R. MOHLER. Dr. Mohler introduced his subject as follows: Mr. President, Fellow Members and Friends: I fully appre- cite the honor of being invited by Dr. Preston Hoskins, the Sec- retary of the Section on Sanitary Science, to speak to you a few ~ moments this morning on the war activities of the Bureau. Par- ticularly am I pleased to follow my military colleague, Major Turner, and to tell how the civil veterinary forees of the Govern- ment are attempting to supplement and assist military veterinary forces of the Government. (Vociferous applause. ) *See November Journal, page 96. a Te oe a se te os Se a ee DISCUSSION ON THE B. A. I. a8 A WAR AUXILIARY 517 ‘DISCUSSION: Mazgor EpwaArps: It becomes my extreme pleasure as a rep- resentative of that which existed before the emergency to extend on behalf of the Army the ‘appreciation that we feel for the Burau of Animal Industry in the work it has done in helping out in war measures and stimulating the countrywide interest that is now being expressed in the veterinary profession, espe- cially in the Army Veterinary Corps. I have been an employe: of the Bureau in the past, and have had now eight years with the colors; and during that time the Bureau of Animal Industry has ever been before me as a guiding star—its professional view- points, its standard of service and the good it has been doing at all times. Looking backward, I believe that the spirit of the Bureau of Animal Industry has been as great a factor in the establishing of the present-day Army Veterinary Corps as any in the United States outside of the American Veterinary Medical Association. | ‘It is to you young men—and not entirely all young men— representatives of the Army veterinary profession at this time that I want to urge cooperation. I want to predict for the future closer brotherhood; and a professional éndeavor in reéstablishing for the future military needs of the country a service with the Bureau of Animal Industry that will absolutely codrdinate; so that we will never again be caught without an adequate supply of remounts and a meat supply that will show symptoms of being disturbed at almost the first flash of engagement. It is with great pleasure that I thank Dr. Mohler for the paper that he has read to us, showing the wonderful work being accomplished by the Bureau of Animal Industry in assisting us, the military men, in accomplishing what lies before us; and with him I say, ‘‘God speed the day when all of the members of the Bureau of Animal Industry that have been sacrificed to military service will come back noble heroes.’’ (Applause.) A Memper: It seems to me that not many of us realize what the Bureau of Animal Industry really does. I have been able to get very close to them because of the geographical situation, you may say, in Virginia. I don’t know what the people would have done without their assistance. I know it has not been very long since some one spoke of the debt they are owing. Many of you are much older than I in experience, but we have got to get together and take care of the Bureau of Animal Industry. 578 DISCUSSION ON THE B. A. I. AS A WAR AUXILIARY We have got to take care of the members of the profession. So far as Virginia is concerned, we are willing to do our share toward it, but there must be some effort made in Washington to take care of these men. You know what Dr. Hoskins and some others have done from an army standpoint, but we have not all done our duty in this respect. And if Secretary Houston ever did anything of value to the Bureau, he did it when he appointed Dr. Mohler as Chief. I pledge Virginia to do everything we ean to help to get some increase in salary for the Bureau men. They are not paid what they should get. We have a number of them working in Virginia on hog cholera and some working for the eradication of tuberculosis; and I don’t know what we would have done if it had not been for the men working on glanders. You know we have remount stations down there, arfd we could not have handled the situation without the Bureau of Animal Industry. Every one is working, but nobody has gotten busy yet to help and see that the men working in the Bureau get the proper compensation. I pledge you the help of Virginia. (Applause.) Dr. Lowr: Mr. President and Fellow Colleagues: After listening to Dr. Mohler’s able address covering the various branches and the activities of the great Bureau of which he is the executive head, it occurs to me that we should not lose sight of another branch, another feature of his work. I feel that we are greatly indebted to Dr. Mohler for the great increase in membership in this Association at this meeting. If I am not mis- taken, he is largely responsible for the lineup of veterinarians in the Bureau, that are knocking at the door of the American Vet- erinary Medical Association. And the man who has done this certainly must have vision. I think I can say that we feel that everv veterinarian who is active in the Bureau of Animal Indus- try should be a member of this great organization, and it is certainly very gratifying, Mr. President, to us all to receive and to welcome so many Bureau men as members of the American Veterinary Medical Association. (Applause.) -. PRESIDENT TORRANCE: Before passing on to the next item on the program I would lke to say that we have with us today a British officer who has had great experience in dealing with some of the problems occupying the minds of the Chief of the Bureau, and some of his officials, especially as to influenza or shipping fever in horses. Col. Olver in conversation with me last night gave me some particulars as to their present method DISCUSSION ON THE B. A. I. AS A WAR AUXILIARY. 579 of combatting this trouble, and if he will oblige us at this time I am sure it would be of great interest to the members present. (Applause. ) Lieut. Cou. A. Otver, of the British Army: Mr. President and Gentlemen: This is quite unexpected, and I am afraid I am not ready: but at the same time I am very glad to add my small word to what has already been said as to the valuable work being done by the Bureau of Animal Industry, which has been of great assistance to us in handling the considerable number of animals we have to handle. When I first came to this country a year ago the proportion of disease in the mounts we purchased was ap- palling. JI made a few remarks in Kansas City in which I said we hoped, in the course of time, to do something with the serum work, but at the same time I expressed the opinion that what we had to allow for at that time, at that state of our knowledge, was sanitation; and I don’t wish anything I might say today to inter- fere in the least with the appreciation of the value of sanita- tion. I feel that the results we are getting now are undoubt- edly to a large extent due to the work which has been done by the Bureau and by the United States Army inspectors in connec- tion with the control of infections from this so-called infinenza. Personally, my own view is that the term ‘‘influenza’’ applied to this disease is not the one I should use. From the observations which we have carried out during the last year and from observa- tions which we carried out in England before I came out here from the large mass of material in England and France, the whole of that work points, I think, to there being two distinct conditions, one being what I should eall ‘‘influenza,’’ due to a virus, which experiments give evidence that it can be spread very rapidly, for instance, by infected stalls and so on; and the condition with which we deal here in this country, wherein we have no evidence whatever of any direet conveyance in that way. From the condition under which one has to work in organ- izing a thing of this kind without previous notice we have had to associate our pneumonia condition with other cases, which has been unavoidable; but the evidence of direct infection running through animals suffering, for instance, from wounds—we never have very much of that, and careful statistics bear out that there has not been much of this condition. Shipping fever, I should say, is the best term; and shipping fever, I should say, is the result of not only shipping but of any other condition which re- duces the vitality of the animal, and to certain organisms. We 580 DISCUSSION ON THE B. A. I. AS A WAR AUXILIARY never had any evidence of it running through stages in the way that this infectious influenza runs through stages. Every few years we get an outbreak of so-called influenza, which runs through a district like fire, and nothing can stop it. We have had nothing like that. By taking temperatures of every animal for the first, four, five or six days after they arrive we find we still get. 60, 70 or 80 per cent of those animals with a high temperature, and. they go through some form of sickness; what sickness it is depends to some extent on the kind of organism and the condition under which the animals have been brought here. If the vitality of the animals is great enough, they do not resist the fever, but do resist it progressing on to something worse. Last year I said we had met with considerable success with defibrinated blood. Captain Gregg’s system you have heard a great deal about; and, of course, it has done a great deal of good. We have records of many thousands of animals, and the result is that the mortality amongst those animals is considerably less than one-third of what it is in the other types where serum work is not done. Those figures are so accurate that you can’t get away from them. They show that what is classified as serum work has done an immense amount of good. Captain Gregg tried to immunize the blood of the animals by injecting blood from animals which had suffered from the specific disease with which these animals. were threatened. De- fibrinated blood was used with the most satisfactory results. As Captain Gregg himself described it, it was an experimental form of treatment—that is, he had no knowledge of the definite organ- isms he was dealing with. Our opinion, however, is that the main organism from which he got his result is what we call ‘‘pbacillus X.’’ That was the organism which Captain Gregory of England recovered from this form of fever. To extend such a system as that all over the country and place it where you have not the care necessary in carrying out the technic, would prove liable to cause certain difficulties. Shortly after I arrived in this country, a year ago, working with the special medium that Lieut. Col. Watkins Pitchford had used in England, I was sent with Dr. Gregory to Newport News, to recover what we could from the blood of infected horses. We recovered various streptococci, and among them the same organ- ism, or similar, to what Captain Gregg had called ‘‘ Bacillus X.’’ It undoubtedly has very close association with the shipping fever % DISCUSSION ON THE B. A. I. AS A WAR AUXILIARY 581 and pneumonia. In a series of observations we have been able to recover this organism from the blood stream, either in a pure culture or associated with cocci. of. different kinds in sixty per cent of the cases. And another fact—so far it is the only organ- ism we have been able to obtain which reacts to the agglutination test. . sans f eee, wr Then, having recovered the organism,we proceeded to make pure cultures of it, and then endeavored to hyper-immunize with pure cultures of this organism associated with streptococci and staphylococci, on which a certain amount of work had been done _previously by Captain Gregory at Newport News. These strep- tococci and staphylococci. known to be associated with organisms of this kind. We found that the ordinary recovered animal from an attack of pneumonia or shipping fever would agglutinate at a dilution of something like 1 in 80; it varied from from 1 in 80 (in horses it was frequently nil), in mules it varied’ from 1 in 80 or 1 in 60 up to’1 in 300. We have been able to get it up to 1 in 5,000. It is used in two ways: as a preventive and as a curative. The result of the test as a preventive was, and that was shown clearly, that for a short time there was strong protective power. At first the reduction both in mortality and sickness in inoculated as against the uninoculated was about one-third. Later it became evident that the immunity conferred, as was expected from a protective measure alone, lasted about three weeks; then it began to wear out and the animals began to grow sick, andl the ety conferred was not as great as it would have been. ; We then made an attempt to extend that immunity by giving a second dose at a later period; but then we came up against certain difficulties which would require a great deal of ex- planation; and doubt was thrown on the sterility of the serum. As a matter of fact, however, the whole of the serum previously used had been most carefully tested by standard government test -and also by inoculation in guinea pigs and rabbits, and nothing had been found. It was re-tested after the doubt had arisen, and still nothing was found. But, as it was, the’ pro- tection afforded was of such a short duration it was decided not to continue with that work. What we did was this: Having given an initiative dose, and then another dose three, four or five weeks later, we got a reaction which I have little doubt was absolutely normal—it has nothing to do with the sterility 582 DISCUSSION ON THE B. A. I. AS A WAR AUXILIARY of the serum. We were able to produce this reaction with great certainty by allowing a time between the doses. Up to the present the results have been very, very encour- aging. Our system is this: A trainload comes in of freshly pur- chased animals, which our experience shows will develop sickness of anywhere from forty to fiftv or more per cent. We take the temperatures of all those animals the day after they arrive, and any with a high temperature—102 or over, or even less—is given a dose of this serum, one dose subcutaneously, then on the second or third or fourth day—as a rule, not more than one dose is re- quired, the temperature goes down, the animal feeds, and goes along very nicely—on the second, third or fourth day, or even the fifth or sixty day, if they do not appear to be doing nicely, a second dose is given. A third dose is seldom required, but during the last three months that we have been purchasing we have, in addition to the same serum used before, been treating a number of cases, three or four trainloads a day. The first trainload came into the depot June 13. Those animals came in, consisting of 530 animals—I think 534, to be exact. Of those one had to be destroyed. He had an open joint. And one died three weeks and three days later from pneumonia. It is now ten weeks from the time they came in. In the second trainload two animals arrived in such condition they died within twenty-four hours, before they could be treated with the serum at all. All of the remainder are alive. The same applies to another trainload which came to Mon- | treal on the 5th of this month. Those animals came in in ex- tremely bad condition, during the very hot weather, and we expected bad results. The first day 160 were picked out with high temperature, and in the first two days 260 had been picked out with high temperatures and given the serum treatment. At the last report.all were still alive. Another trainload came in on the 8th, and one of the Rainiite was moribund with pneumonia and died an hour or two later, before the serum could be used. All the rest are alive. Out of these fourteen loads, comprising 4,310 animals, the mortality, from the last reports we have, has been: one from an open joint, one from pneumonia (which was treated with serum) ; and three from pneumonia which were never treated with serum, and which died within twenty-four hours after arrival. _ With those results I should say we are working along better than ever before. I am sure that with those trainloads under eT eee ae Se ee re ee al « . SS Sa aes Ags ae ATA a na al ae et DISCUSSION ON THE B. A. I. AS A WAR AUXILIARY 583 any previous system, you might have expected a loss of two, three or four per cent. I don’t say we are going to maintain that standard for any length of time, but I have no doubt the serum -has acted very, very well. We have had some difficulties in connection with it, and there are considerable difficulties in connection with the hyper-immunizing that will have to be overcome. There are certain losses that will have to be taken in connection with that; but the results up to date have been most encouraging, and I think it will have a big effect in the future in keeping down the death rate from this condition. Where the organism comes from is a problem I have been trying to solve, but up to the present I have not succeeded in doing it. Biologically, it is very similar to the Hay Bacillus, but its toxins are very powerful, and we have not yet been able to recover it definitely from any outside source, outside of the blood stream or the glands, et cetera, of infected animals. But, as I say, we have no evidence of it running through a trainload. It holds its power as a result of debilitating circumstances. You ean keep your animals as long as you like under healthful con- ditions. In some of the camps the animals remain for weeks and weeks. The conditions in those camps I don’t think are particularly sanitary, not as sanitary as in some of the others; but you take those animals and move them on a long train journey and you still get some traces of the fever, but they are not so bad if the conditions under which the animals were held have been sanitary. Why that should be it is hard to say. It may be a question of the virulence of the organism being raised, and also the fact that animals held under unsanitary conditions have reduced vitality. That we know. is correct, because we have had an experience of that in an experiment which was carried out last year, in regard to using the Continental system of bed- ding; under that system the manure’ was allowed to build up under the animals, and the sickness was increased enormously— and I think the cause of the sickness was probably reduced vital- ity. Whatever you may expect from serum or any other form of treatment, don’t let anything that I have got to say interfere with the basic importance of sanitation. We have concentrated on it, and the results bear us ott. You can see it in the results from the different depots. The sickness and mortality vary according to the state of sanitation in which the depots are maintained, every time. Sanitation is the sheet anchor, after all, in dealing with this situation. Prevention is much better than cure. If 584 DISCUSSION ON VETERINARY PRACTICE AND CONTROL OF DISEASES you have some means of cure that will help us out, that is good; but sanitation is the sheet’ anchor-after all. One of the difficul- ties we have had to experience in dealing with this condition is the fact of animals being held in eiileg open paddocks which it Is” impossible to inspect. I don’t care what you do, or how you try, where you have hundreds of animals running in a long, open paddock, it is impossible to inspect: It is only a question of time, a few days, more or less, when that paddock will become infected, and gross- ly unsanitary; and no system of sanivation, ean get over that difficulty. On the other hand, if you have got an establishment of mod- erate surface which: you can constantly disinfect, and maintain in sanitary condition, there is no reason why it should not be in as good condition after a year’s working as at the beginning. That is one of the difficulties we have had to contend with. I am very glad to have had the opportunity to make a few remarks on the subject, because I know it is one of the greatest importance, and [ am sure that the work the Bureau has done in cleaning up’ stock yards and tracing the causes of disease, et cetera, in connection with the military authorities, is of the utmost importance with regard to remount work in this country, and I'am glad to add my little word of thanks to the Bureau of Animal Industry for the work it has done, for it has been of great assistance to us. (Applause.) PRESIDENT TORRANCE: Gentlemen, I am sure we are all grate- ful to Col. Olver for the address he has made, and the informa- tion he has given us with regard to the work at the remount sta- tion. It is of vast importance to the Army, and every bit of 1 in- formation we can ‘Bet on it is of the greatest value. THE VETERINARY PRACTITIONER AND THE « CONTROL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES.* | Vv. A. Moore. : DISCUSSION. | Masor Corron: It seems to me that this paper opens up a question on which.there is.a great. deal. of discussion from the standpoint of State control. We have numerous State organiza- tions which ‘depend upon local. practitioners, deputies and State *See December Journal, page 211. DISCUSSION ON VETERINARY PRACTICE AND CONTROL OF DISEASES 585 veterinarians for control work in neighborhoods. This paper is an innovation We have other States, and believe that in order to get the proper State control it is necessary to have deputized State veterinarians under full-time pay and under the control of a central State organization; and I think this paper should be thoroughly discussed. This is a question on which various States differ on this proposition. I should like it to have a free dis- cussion, 7 sik: ? | | raph aes Dr. WiLuiAMs: . As I. understood..Dr. Moore, there is no con- flict between the views just discussed and on the other varying views held by veterinarians. As I understand, a communicable _ disease comes to the knowledge of the State. Veterinarian through the practitioner, and through no other means. Outbreaks among animals are first seen by the private practitioner, and the func- tion of a State or Federal Veterinarian is to organize the forces to combat the disease once it has been reported; but there is another very prominent and very important phase which Dr. Moore. has brought out, and which should be emphasized. That is, that. many of the contagious diseases, which incur great losses amongst live stock, are not handled by central veterinary author- ities; for instance, I am giving most of my time to a great infec- tious disease regarding, which no central authority takes any cognizance beyond investigation. The central authorities, the bureaus in the various States, attempt to investigate, and lay the facts before the leaders of health, and before veterinarians, to show how this group of losses may be prevented; but it has not yet, and I sincerely believe it will be a long time before any such central authority shall attempt any central restriction to prevent those diseases. We will find that only a very aoak percentage of diseases are handled by central authorities at all. One State, for instance, has a law requiring us to promptly report any contagious dis- eases which we see, which includes everything from the mange in: cats to glanders in horses; but I don’t think that a case of mange in cats has ever been reported to the State Veterinarians, nor do the veterinarians of other States report any very large number of diseases. ' The second practitioners’ course at the New York State Vet- erinary College, New York City, which occupied the three latter days of January, was, judging from the program, replete with good things, both as to topic material, ane. the personnel or Lo lecturers and instructors. | PRESENTATION OF PORTRAITS.* R. F. EAacue. . Prefatory by Dr. Eagle: Mr. President and Gentlemen: Since this convention has been here assembled you have had the opportunity of listening to many addresses, classic in some respects, and I don’t feel com- petent to review the progress of veterinary science. I am here for another purpose. But, in order not to encroach upon an already crowded program, I am going to get to the little state- ment I am going to make immediately. Just before leaving Chicago, Mr. Ogilvie informed me that Canada is contributing an oil painting to Dr. J. G. Rutherford. (Applause. ) MOR iE REMARKS. Dr. W. H. Hoskins: The presentation of these three por- traits of honored members of our profession (Drs. Salmon, Mel- vin and Mohler) is of particular interest to the practitioners of America; and in order to carry out the intention of the committee I move that these pictures be turned over to the Executive Board with the view of seeing that they are placed in the Saddle and Sirloin Club of Chicago, with an expression of our appreciation for this recognition they have given these distinguished members that we have mingled with so many years. Dr. Mayo: In seconding that motion I would also like to include that we extend to Mr. Thomas E. Wilson our sincere thanks for his generous contribution to this valuable object, and also to the Saddle and Sirloin Club for the opportunity not only to establish this gallery, but for the opportunity they have ex- tended to us to place these distinguished faces of our veterina- rians there. Dr. BENNETT: I would like to suggest that the portraits be presented to the Saddle and Sirloin Club of Chicago during the Stock Show around the first of December. Many of the veterina- rians here will be there. A great many of the prominent leaders in veterinary medicine of this country will be there, and also of Canada; and I would suggest that the presentation be made to the Saddle and Sirloin Club at that time. . PRESIDENT TORRANCE: Would Dr. Hoskins be willing to have that included in the original motion? _ eee *See January Journal, page 362, for full statement ‘sf ~~ a al ,— — g.4% eet ae Te EL a ae ST a a a ae kl a DISCUSSION ON LIVE STOCK INDUSTRY, PRESENT AND PROSPECTIVE 587 (Dr. Hoskins accepts the amendment.) : PRESIDENT TORRANCE: It has been moved and seconded that these pictures be turned over to the Executive Board with the view of seeing that they are placed in the Saddle and Sirloin Club of Chicago, with an expression of our appreciation of this recognition they have given these distinguished members.we have mingled with so many years, and that we extend to Mr. Thomas E. Wilson our sincere thanks for his generous contribution to . this valuable object, and that our thanks also be éxtended to those other gentlemen who have contributed in no small measure to the carrying out of this estimable project. (On vote the motion was passed unanimously. ) THE LIVE STOCK INDUSTRY, PRESENT AND PROSPECTIVE.* J. J. FERGUSON. In introducing his subject, Mr. Ferguson spoke as follows: This is not a very good time to talk. A man said to me this morning: ‘‘Why aren’t you fighting? Every man who looks as able-bodied as you should be over there giving the Huns hell.’’ So I don’t think it a good time to inflict much of a talk on you. In order to save valuable time I thought it well to put in the form of a small folder the information and data which I thought it might be well to be put before you. Gentlemen of this Association, your work is so vitally con- nected with the success in every way of the live stock industry that we regard you as fundamental, and it was with great pleas- © ure indeed that our people were advised that I was invited to come here and appear before you. I will just run over a few of the facts I have jotted down, and which I have had printed here so you may have them before you and may read them at your leisure. | With reference to the section of Mr. Ferguson’s paper entitled **Prospects for Live Stock Industry,’’ Mr. Ferguson interpolated as follows: Now we come to the crux of the situation. What does the future hold for live stock men and veterinarians? On this mat- *See October Journal, page 8, for complete paper. 588° DISCUSSTON°ON Live STOCK INDUSTRY, PRESENT AND PROSPECTIVE ter no man has any definite knowledge. I might say that even the United ‘States’ Federal Trade Commission, which has more resources at its command than any other organization, has no’ definite information on that point. ‘In spite of the submarine menace there was never a time in the history of the country” when there was’such an opportunity in live stock production as there'is today. ‘The story that we are short on our visible supply and actual supply, not only at docks, but here at receiving points and terminals on thé other'side, is so far from the truth that, on the contrary, the supply is away ahead of schedule all along the line. Don’t forget that point.’ \(Applause. ) Under the subject ‘“New conditions offer greater opportunity for constructive service in the veterinary profession,’’ Mr. Fer- guson spoke as. follows; an cin ilies Sanaa So much for the situation. “What interest has this to you as members of the American Veterinary Medical Association? And I want to read a mild indictment to you men, with many of whom I have been associated for a great many years. Many of you have done good work, and you get together and say, ‘‘ We are the salt of the earth, and do great things for the country,’’ but old things have passed.away. What applied five years ago does not apply today ; and when the war is over, as one of the preach- ers of Chicago said thé other day, ‘‘ We are going to have a new Heaven and a new. earth,’’ and you can look forward and see whether you members of the veterinary profession are doing your part. Anything and everything is within the individual activity of every one of us. You and I are doing things today to help that we never thought we would be called upon two years ago to do; and so it is to be two years from now. So, here are a few points in this mild indictment I am going to read to you. There never was a time in the history of the country when wool was so needed and essential for the conduct of a war. Although Mr. McAdoo is Director General of the railroads, many of the old officials are still left, and they have codperated with live stock dealers, in years past, in the disinfection of primary stock yards, terminal stock. yards and rolling stock of transportation companies, and all that. the transportation companies use to help in moving stock from one to another part of the country. The thought. I have behind this suggestion is not,a hit- and- -run thought, not a sporadic institution, but that the American Vet-— erinary Medical Association in general should have a sort of publicity bureau contributed to by the minds of the best men in : y DISCUSSION ON LIVE STOCK INDUSTRY, PRESENT AND PROSPECTIVE 589 the profession, who will prepare press letters and bulletins which could be syndicated, and which could be sent to the man on the land, who ean not be reached by a journal of this kind. Don’t you think the Live Stock Association of America would be glad to have a man like John R. Mohler present an address on the work of the Bureau such as he presented here a few hours ago? The only trouble with all our organizations is that they con- centrate, they do not get out and reach the men whose work is basic, farmers, breeders and shippers. If. you knew as I know—lI happen to be a breeder of pure- bred stock myself—what thousands and thousands of dollars’ worth of pure-bred stock is lost every year. by reason of having them go the circuit of state fairs, you would know the value of this little point right here. See that your state fair associations have their places cleaned up. (Applause.) DISCUSSION. Dr. Lowe: I feel that this Association is very greatly in- debted to Mr. Ferguson for his paper, and for the broad and competent presentation of the subject discussed. It must be apparent to all that the interests of the live stock dealers and the practicing veterinarians are inseparable, and the more we become imbued with that thought the better it will be for all interests concerned in this country and throughout the world. I have, Mr. President, for many long years thought deeply upon the preéminent importance of the veterinarian being in closer touch with agricultural and live stock interests of the state and the nation; and I think we must all feel very much pleased that Mr. Ferguson has presented the matter in such an admirable and interesting way to us. I feel that we should not let this matter drop here, but that we should take steps as individual veterina- rians, as members of our respective state organizations, as mem- bers of this great international veterinary association, to carry into effect the very things that Mr. Ferguson has suggested to us. They would be helpful to the live stock interests and they would be helpful to the veterinary eecss en. I trust this subject will be fully discussed. Dr. Murpuey: One thing brought out in this 7 eile ILL I think we should take home with us and keep in mind, and that is the fact that permanent agriculture must be based on successful live stock industry. HOG CHOLERA CONTROL IN THE EAST.* E. A. CAHILL. DISCUSSION. Dr. BircH: This is a subject, I think, in which we are all interested. I know I am especially interested in it, and I could not let the opportunity go by to compliment Dr. Cahill on his paper, and on his manner of approach to the subject. All of us. know that it is the young pigs that are giving us the trouble. We ean give simultaneous treatment to the old animals and be certain of lasting immunity, or reasonably certain, at least. There are one or two points in regard to Dr. Cahill’s paper, and especially the point in regard to the differences observed at different places, which I would like to comment on. Like him, I am at a loss to explain those differences, but I do know that in many of the herds in which I have worked the immunity conferred by immune mothers will not last more than a couple of weeks. In several of these herds we have had to give serum treatment to save their lives. So, they will stand up under serum treat- ment alone and virus treatment alone six weeks, but here again we get fooled sometimes, and we are really, in this one respect, treating from clinical experience, and not from experimental work. We don’t know as yet the relation between the immunity conferred—that is, the passive immunity conferred by serum alone, and the active immunity conferred later on. At present I have experiments going on on that particular point; and that is why I am so interested in Dr. Cahill’s paper, and he has cer- tainly given us a paper which it is well to take home with us. (Applause. ) A Mempser: Dr. Cahill has mentioned the fact that he waits until the young pigs are six weeks old before he gives them serum. We have in California a number of cases such as were mentioned by the last speaker, in which our young pigs become affected with cholera before they are six weeks old. In that case if we give them serum alone we save their lives, I would like to know how long after you would give the simultaneous treatment. Dr. CanitL: Speaking for the Hast, I can tell you that the passive immunity conferred by serum alone treatment will in- variably last six weeks. There are exceptions, but I saw only *See January Journal, page 314. by ~~ PR Se er ate aT. Mae ects oo tc icaagest Lon ons age nee Pane SB ea SA renee As cae DISCUSSION ON HOG CHOLERA CONTROL IN THE EAST 591 two exceptions to that rule in the east. The passive immunity conferred on the young pigs, or any pigs, in those exceptions, lasted three weeks; but in all other cases it lasted six weeks. . There must be some problem in immunity that is not clear, and I am not attempting to explain it, but simply trying to pre- sent it so clearly that it may be done. In the middle western states they told me the pigs would not remain immune only a few weeks, and it did not seem possible— only after seeing it for myself did I believe it. Dr. JOHN ReicHeL: Dr. Cahill’s experiences with the baby pigs is very interesting and I think very valuable. To me it seems something very definite is at work. When we study these figures of Dr. Cahill’s about the number of susceptible animals after a certain period there does not seem to be much difference between the number after eight weeks and the hogs weighing two hundred pounds. Of the total number, as I take it from Dr. Cahill’s report, something like eight hundred pigs were included in these experiments, weighing from fifteen to thirty pounds each, with very little differences in the ages of those pigs. Just the factors that caused failure or success are the. things we are interested in, and I wondered if Dr. Cahill gave any thought as to the fundamental reasons for the differences. I have in my experience noted that pigs born from immune stock, or non- © susceptible stock, do possess some ‘‘ mother’s immunity’’ for some time—how long it lasts I don’t know, but it does last for some time and it does not matter so much whether you give the pigs serum or virus; it does not seem to do much for the pig. It seems, however, in the application of the simultaneous treat- ment through the baby pig, it won’t do much unless the pig hap-- pens to be susceptible at. the time you administer the simul- taneous treatment. We don’t know when the pig is susceptible, or whether it may transfer this passive immunity or mother im- munity; and I would ask whether we administer virus to pigs of a known age—not fifteen to thirty pounds—but of a known age? It seems to me we get this breaking down where the mother immunity ceases and the pig becomes susceptible. It seems to me the pig must be susceptible to act in order for the treatment to get anywhere. I should like to know if Dr. Cahill has had any ex- perience in treating with virus alone when in that susceptible period. Dr. H. P. Hoskins: In asking Dr. Cahill to go on the pro- gram for this meeting I knew he had a wonderful amount of 592... DISCUSSION ON HOG CHOLERA CONTROL IN THE BAST cases in his experience in Massachusetts in the control of cholera in these down-east garbage-fed herds. It is extremely interest- ing to me, for while I was in Colorado I had experience in a similar matter; but when we got together in Chicago we could not agree, and as others have done we ¢ame to the conclusion that there are’at least two different kinds of cholera in the United States. And we have been in the habit of speaking of them as ‘‘eastern cholera’’ and ‘‘western cholera.’’ That is why I wished Dr. Cahill to go on the program at this time and present hog cholera under eastern conditions; because, as he brought out, the cholera you have in the eastern states is abso- lutely different from cholera in the corn belt. The question I wish to put to Dr. Cahill can be answered at the same time he answers Dr. Reichel, and that question is this: Whether these pigs were still nursing or not—because I am firmly of the opinion that these pigs while they are still suckling un- doubtedly get considerable portection through the milk from the mother, and that is a factor which should be taken into con- sideration. In discussing these remarkable results—I say they are re- markable for this reason: I believe it would be absolutely impos- sible to duplicate them or come anywhere near duplicating them in a herd of hogs in Minnesota. _ Dr. Kinsey: I would also like to ask Dr. Cahill a ques- tion concerning the immunization of the pigs. As I understood, he said that now the method resorted to consisted of giving serum only to pigs at about weaning time, and about thirty days later following with the simultaneous treatment. Is that correct? Dr. CAHILL: Six weeks later. Dr. KinstEy: I would like to know if those six weeks later pigs, which have been given the simultaneous treatment, have really been exposed to cholera, and, if so, why they did not suc- ecumb in the same ratio as we see on the chart. That method as I have seen it applied certainly has not protected pigs in the middle west. Dr. Pierce: When Dr. Cahill is answering these questions there is one other he should answer at the same time. He men- tioned that he gives the pigs the single treatment at six weeks of age, and six weeks later the double treatment. Are there any pigs at the second treatment that do not receive the double treat ment? If so, in what condition were the pigs? — hiss ibe ae i; onsen ss DISCUSSION ON HOG CHOLERA. CONTROL, IN. THE-BAST 593: Dr. ReicHEL: May we ask Dr. Cahill, to answer these ques- tions before SO. many. pileup? .2- Dr. Cantu: Thank you,.Dr. Reicheisa i am inne Atos atest at the rear end and go forward. The first quesiion.is that of Dr. Pierce. I rather thouglit he was a. little more familiar with our work than to ask that question. It.was covered in ihe report of the Commissioner pretty thoroughly last year.. .In these cases, almost invariably—I am speaking now of garbage-fed herds only—almost invariably if the simultaneous treatment. is. not given six weeks after the serum-only treatment, almost without exception we have an outbreak of hog cholera in those pigs. The owners of the garbage-fed-herds, in the New England states at least, are so aware of that fact that after the five weeks’ period they start calling the Commissioner’s office, and make engage- ments to have his men, if possible, at their places on certain days, which will be six weeks from the time the serum-only treat- ment was given. Of course, if they were able to follow that closely they followed it six weeks to the day; but I don’t mean to say that if that were not done the outbreak would occur on the day after the six weeks were up. I do mean, however, that almost invariably if the six weeks or seven weeks were allowed to elapse between the serum-only and the simultaneous treat- ments the outbreak was pretty sure to occur. That we found repeatedly from experimental work. I could have put it in the paper, but I thought it was too lengthy and too statistical. We did find the length of time that the passive immunity from serum-only treatment lasted. I am not attempting to speak of conditions in Dr. Kinsley’s section, but only in the New England states. In New England, where a large percentage of the animals are garbage-fed, it will invariably be found that the period of immunity, passive and active, conferred by serum-only treatment averages six weeks. Occasionally it does happen—and I suppose this must apply to all forms of passive immunity—that certain animals contract the disease; and it is only to be expected that out of one hundred animals. you will not get one hundred per cent that do lose their passive immunity in six weeks. I have always found some animals who will retain their immunity for six and a half or seven weeks, Dr. Reichel’s question regarding virus given at a definite age—in order to answer that I will have to draw a line of de- ‘marcation between the two kinds of feeding. You know garbage feeding is new in. many sections. of the country. In New Eng- 594 DISCUSSION ON HOG CHOLERA CONTROL IN THE EAST land, and in Massachusetts, it is about as old as the live stock industry. There are many herds they have been feeding garbage for thirty years—never saw anything but garbage from the time they are weaned from their mother to the time they go to mar- ket. Many never leave the pen until they go to market. These garbage-fed herds I speak of as having been in existence so many years have gone through a peculiar experience. I don’t believe it ean be paralleled in any other section of the country. Before Massachusetts began its campaign against hog cholera the state- ment was often made that in order to raise five hundred hogs twelve hundred would have to be farrowed. The owner would be satisfied with that proportion. As time progressed the his- tory of the work showed that invariably these pigs in garbage- fed herds were practically safe while nursing and up to forty pounds, but in approximately twelve weeks there was an out- break of hog cholera in those herds. There are many in the room who have had experience with garbage-fed herds, and I believe they will tell you that is their experience—that where garbage has been fed for many years they ean allow the serum-only treatment to go and let the herds go, even though they had no trouble with them as a growing herd until they reached forty pounds, and then have to do something. In other words, that does not apply. Although I spoke in my paper of animals taken from herds where the immunization treatment was being commenced—and the immunization had not been earried out among many regis- tered herds—the majority of them, however, were conducted with small corn-fed herds—and the amount of immunity con- ferred by the mother, passive immunity, was a negligible quan- tity. We do not figure it was necessary to carry that into effect. At the same time, it was noted that when virus was given as a control we invariably had hog cholera in from seven to fourteen days. : I did not get the note on Dr. Hoskins’ question. Dr. H. P. Hoskins: The question was whether you took into consideration—whether all these pigs were in the same class, whether suckling or not. That is, were they still nursing? Dr. Canin: I might say that the variation there appears worse than it is. It is pretty hard to go into certain herds and take eight hundred animals and find them all to weigh from fifteen pounds to twenty-five pounds—we have certain. animals in there that would weigh fifteen pounds, although five weeks old. DISCUSSION ON HOG CHOLERA CONTROL IN THE EAST 595 ‘They should weigh twenty-two or twenty-three pounds in that _ section. So that, all those animals were in the neighborhood of five to six weeks old; although their actual weight did vary, their weight was practically the same, not ten pounds’ difference in the weight. Dr. Hart: We have been feeding corn in California, and the statement that Dr. Cahill makes with regard to the loss in these hogs raised for generations on garbage feeding will hold. When the simultaneous treatment will hold they live. With the opening of the war many hogs were brought in on garbage feed- ing that had never had garbage before. Now the first litters will not hold until forty pounds in weight, but will easily break— and many cases at three weeks of age, too young to give the serum-only treatment—and we had to do something with those pigs to save their lives. We don’t know exactly what to do with those pigs, whether to wait to give them serum-only treatment or give them serum and virus, with the idea that the permanent virus infection they get in the garbage will prevent them from breaking. We have tried both schemes and have not had success with either of them. Those hogs that have not had garbage for several generations, and on which they do break, have animals die at one hundred and fifty to two hundred pounds, and yet there will be no other losses in that herd. It looks serious for the time being, but if no treatment is given a very small per- centage die; but that percentage is too much loss at the present time. Dr. Cantu: That coincides exactly with the east. These owners who have been feeding garbage would not sell a pig, or it would take a great deal of persuasion to buy pigs, from garbage- fed herds; they keep all the pigs, especially those the least bit applicable for the foundation of herds. Every dealer from the east who went west and bought a good sow or boar told about the break fourteen or fifteen days after they got there. As the swine owners commenced to see that hog cholera really could be controlled they naturally went out and bought more animals, because the garbage was available, and if they could only. prevent cholera their troubles were over. Now, the animals that had been there generation after gener- ation practically never break inside of forty pounds; but as soon as you bring in a new sow or boar and put it into that herd the pigs from that herd will be sure to give you trouble. They would 596 DISCUSSION ON HOG CHOLERA CONTROL IN, THE, EAST break, as Dr. Hart says, from three to four weeks, and some- times less. .The only way to govern that was to insist on State control, It is easier to do that under State control than under private authorization. We were able to formulate certain AEE 0 sath our expe- rience. They are as follows: First, pigs must never receive a simultaneous treatment under forty pounds—and we. try to get a combination of forty pounds and twelve weeks of age. Second, simultaneous treatment must never be administered within six weeks of serum-only treatment. Those. two facts were only arrived at after considerable field observation and experimental work. Sows which. had been brought into the herds were given serum-only treatment within three or four weeks of farrowing, and the young pigs would sometimes carry immunity until one or two weeks of age. If a break occurred the sows would be given serum-only treatment within twelve weeks of farrowing; but never simultaneous treat- ment given six weeks after serum-only treatment without ex- pecting a break. | Dr. McLean: This is an interesting subject to me because I am engaged in the hog-raising business, and I feed garbage. I think the difference in practice of protecting against hog cholera as between the garbage-fed hogs and the corn-fed hogs is due to the power of resistance in the corn-fed hog: A corn-fed pig at the age of one hundred days should weigh one hundred pounds, some of them one hundred and twenty-five. It is very rarely that you can get a garbage-fed hog to weigh one hundred pounds in one hundred days. The difference in the quality of the food makes a great difference in the growth of the pig; consequently, it makes a great difference in the natural power. of resistance in the hog. This is well demonstrated in the appearance of the carcass of the corn-fed and the garbage-fed hog. The fat of the corn-fed hog is solid, more firm, and less friable. In _ the garbage-fed hog the fat is flabby and soft. It is hard to get the lard from a garbage-fed hog hard. All garbage-fed hogs are exposed to cholera from the time they are fed garbage. Some years ago, when the lamented Dr. Melvin was in charge at. Washington, I asked him, at Chicago, if it were not possible that the wide spreading of hog cholera was due to the trimmings of pork that were shipped from the packing houses in the west. He said: ‘‘It is impossible.’’ I said: ‘‘Doctor, I believe that the scattering of hog cholera is i cet age a 4 Ris ee GO eee Se eee re 1c eae al RE SR ee iE Mc) DISCUSSION ON HOG CHOLERA CONTROL IN THE EAST 597 due to the feeding of pork from the western packing houses which escaped the inspectors—and we admit it is an utter im- possibility for the inspector to detect early infection.’’ Some years later Dr. Melvin said: ‘‘I owe you an apology. We are satisfied that hog cholera is scattered from the trimmings of packing house pork.’’ That was visibly shown me in my treat- ment of hog cholera some years ago where it broke out in the herd of a man who fed his hogs with hotel garbage, and he was using western pork. I could not trace the outbreak to any other cause. : I have found that the continued method of garbage feeding makes the hogs naturally immune, on account of his becoming accustomed to eating this more or less infected food. There was a time, you remember, when we used to vaccinate the hogs and then turned him right in among infected hogs. At that time it was advised to feed him on the fiesh of hogs which had died of hog cholera—before the simultaneous method was used. — _ Dr. H. S. Murpuey: In our experience last year we found there were two kinds of cholera. I think the men who have a large amount of experience in dealing with hog cholera in Iowa found there were about fifty-seven. We found there were certain factors which had to be taken into consideration in the handling of the animals. Last year there were a good many animals shipped into the state, and they had to be given the serum-only treatment, and six weeks after arrival-they were given the simul- taneous treatment, and the losses were very heavy. It just raises the problem that there is no solution to it yet. I think there are good suggestions, especially Dr. Cahill’s, that it must be six weeks between the two treatments. But the secondary infection must play some part as yet unknown in the duration of immunity by the serum-only or the simultaneous method. Dr. BircH: I would like to ask Mr. Murphey, in those cases where the animals were lost—that is, with the serum treatment given at the time of shipping and the simultaneous treatment given, I think you said, four weeks after shipping—did those animals die as the result of the simultaneous treatment then or did they fail to stand up later? . Dr. MurpHey: Some of them died at that time, but usually they contracted the disease in about four weeks, usually broke in about four weeks after this treatment was given. There were all kinds of theories. One was that the immunity, passive im- munity, destroyed the virus, the second infection, and that when 598 DISCUSSION ON HOG CHOLERA CONTROL IN THE EAST the immunity then passed from the second infection, they were again susceptible, in four weeks. But in some cases the serum and virus proved to be potent by test, and it was proven that the pig died of cholera by invaders of secondary infection. Dr. Bircu: I do not just get Dr. Murphey’s point. I don’t see how, if the virus were destroyed, it would kill the pig on the second injection; and I understood him to say that if the serum- only were given first and the simultaneous later, it died following the simultaneous. Dr. MurpHEY: Some died that way, but most as the result of the break—but after four weeks. Dr. Fircu: Dr. Murphey in his remarks mentioned the point which is of great importance. Throughout the state from which I come, the State of Minnesota, there is more or less cholera. However, it seems to be more or less localized in certain counties. We have heard a good deal during the past year about the new disease among the swine ealled necrobacillosis. We all know that necrobacillosis is an old disease, or one of the oldest. Yet this particular disease seems to be becoming more and more common among the herds of Minnesota, and as a secondary infec- tion or as an infection coming along with hog cholera. I don’t believe there is any more important phase of the situation to consider in that locality. In an investigation which I made a few weeks ago in Martin County, along the southern border of Minnesota, investigating seven herds, I found in two of them hog cholera and in five necrobacillosis. In one of these two there was a mixed infection, and it was in these cases of mixed infection, where serum is used and the results from it are very poor, that is where much of our trouble arises. To be sure, necrobacillosis is more common among the smaller pigs, but it is far from being unknown among the larger ones; and also it is among the smaller pigs where we have the most of our trouble. And as a secondary infection I think it should be carefully con- sidered in connection with the treatment of hog cholera. Dr. G. W. Dunpuy: I would like to ask Dr. Cahill a ques- tion. Every year it seems something new comes up in regard to hog cholera. We get in the frame of mind where we think we ean sit down and feel that we have mastered the situation, and that we have found out a system by which hog cholera may, be rendered harmless to a certain extent. We get in a frame of mind where we feel we have the right system of immunity, and a i DISCUSSION ON HOG CHOLERA CONTROL IN THE EAST 599 every year some one comes up and apparently throws a monkey wrench into the machine and starts things going wrong again. I did not hear Dr. Cahill distinetly, but I would like to know about the duration of immunity, about the length of time of the period of immunity that he gets by using the serum-alone treat- ment and then following it six weeks later with the simultaneous. Dr. CanitL: I wish Dr. Dunphy would give me the pre- scription for that frame of mind. I have never been able to get it yet. It seems to me there is a monkey wrench in the gear all the time. Our experience in the east—again I am speaking only of eastern conditions—has been that if the method is followed as described in my paper, of giving pigs when six weeks old serum-only treatment, and not administering the simultaneous within six weeks, and then being sure you have a virus that is really a virus, and you use enough of it—not less than 2 ce under any circumstances—your immunity will last for life, the life of the average pig. There are registered brood sows that have been immunized four to five years, have traveled over the country, have gone under garbage feeding when grain was not available, and which have remained immune. And we have tested others with tests of virus and our immunity has remained. I am simply relating the experiences as obtained under the present methods in Massachusetts, and where immunity does not fail to act. It may be a mistake to call it permanent immunity ; it may be more correct to eall it ‘‘lasting immunity.’’ Now, Dr. Fitch spoke of conditions in Minnesota. I am glad he spoke of that, because I don’t believe there was ever a time when Minnesota’s situation with regard to hog cholera was as eritical as at the present day. I am not speaking of a control method, but of a diagnostic method. We could start a discussion that would not end today, about control methods and diagnostic methods. There are as many losses today from hemorrhagic septicemia in swine as from hog cholera, and maybe more. It is urged as a point where the veterinarian in the field must watch every move he makes. You all know the lesions as displayed in that disease at times are so closely allied to hog cholera as to defy any man. It seems that before a man can be sure of his diagnosis he must prove it by laboratory methods. Many in the middle west today are in terror as to the condi- tions that exist. The veterinarian will go in a herd and post one or two and find lesions in the lungs and call it hog cholera. There 600 DISCUSSION ON HOG CHOLERA CONTROL IN THE EAST are a lot of later cases of hemorrhagic septicemia in those herds that do not become apparent until something lowers the vitality of those herds, yet if you inject virus you get the same conditions as if you shipped your pigs to market, and it is immediately followed by an outbreak. That is not only puzzling to the man who has to do with the disease, but terrifying to owners. Dr. DEVINE: Some three years ago at a state veterinary meeting in New York I said I could not diagnose hog cholera in the field clinically with any accuracy at all, or any satisfaction to myself, and I questioned whether there was any man in the state who could; and some of my colleagues did not like that statement. I see as we go on Dr. Cahill is leaning a little more that way. I think it is a good thing, perhaps, that we learn more rapidly under that frame of mind. I would like to ask, however, what is the duration of the immunity conferred on the old pig? If we wish to ship a pig to the fair, what is the length — of time of immunity. in that pig as compared with the baby pig? Dr., CAHILL: . My experience in that is very limited. There are practically no herds in Massachusetts where that condition is called for. Occasionally it does happen that a man has new animals just come into his herd that he wants to ship, and that must receive the simultaneous treatment. I do want to say that as long as the doctor has said some- thing as to my leanings, I. am sorry he has not read some of my writings. If you will go to the records of the Bureau of Animal Industry you will find writings along that line for three or four years. It was possible in Massachusetts for us to study the conditions of hemorrhagic septicemia even previous to this time. PRESIDENT TORRANCE: We have had a most interesting dis- cussion on that subject. | Dr. Kinstey: I do not yet understand you. In this first column 200 pigs, immunized, were protected in six weeks and given a simultaneous treatment, and then in six weeks were given another immunity. How could they be given an immunity when they already had an immunity? _ As I understand your problem of the suckling pig, you im- munize the suckling pig by serum alone; but we are led to believe forty- eight per cent of them still had immunity up to the ex- piration of six weeks, and then you give the simultaneous treat- ment; and T don t see, with our present. knowledge of i immuniza- tion, haw you could give a permanent immunity. DISCUSSION ON HOG GHOLERA CONTROL IN THE EAST 601 ~~ Dr. Canitt: By giving the simultaneous treatment in our baby pigs, at six weeks: Then there are a certain number of animals which do retain that immunity, and the simultaneous treatment ‘should’ not be given to all baby pigs’ weighing” ae fifty to sixty pounds. Dr. KinstEY: But some will still be immune? Dr. CAHILL: Yes. | Dr. KINSLEY : How can you fateneia that by giving simul- taneous treatment? Dr. CAHILL: You could not be sure to is that, but some will retain immunity at the end of six weeks, but if you then give the serum-only treatment, forty-eight. per cent are still carrying immunity, and for that reason this experiment was condueted— to show that treatment should not be given again in that way. I made the remark a short time ago that there is a very small percentage which will break before they are ready for market, but a very small percentage will. Dr. CoNNAWAY: I don’t think we ought to leave this question without calling attention to some of the essentials of disease con- trol. This leaves us in a large part of the country with possibly a false impression as to the best method of handling this disease, and ultimately gétting rid of it. We have these same conditions which Dr. Cahill speaks of, in every western state; that is, in a small way. We all have our small areas of pens of garbage- fed swine around towns. He tells us that Massachusetts is one great big garbage pen. (Laughter.) These are not the condi- tions in the west. We have towns, we have districts where hog cholera has not been known ‘for twenty-five or thirty years. And we don’t want the impression to go out, from a paper like this,’ which will influence people on farms like that to use methods which will increase the cases of cholera. Hence the importance of emphasizing the importance of disease control—the methods of which are quarantine and disinfection. We must get at the source when an outbreak ‘occurs, get at the source and try to stop it right there, as the Government people are trying in many states today. Try to keep it from spreading. Try, if possible, to avoid the use even of serum:alone. Try, if possible, in that community to avoid the use of serum and virus. Now, there are places where we need to use both; and where they are applicable and necessary it should be done; but it should be done under proper control and by men who know how to do it and who will 602 DISCUSSION ON HOG CHOLERA CONTROL IN THE EAST take every possible precaution to ‘see that the disease does not spread from those premises to other parts. Now, I think that I can see one cause for the remarkable results which Dr. Cahill presents. I think there is not in this garbage-fed section any lessening, possibly, in the total death rate than what it is in other portions where inoculation, or where other methods are used. I think that a large—or some part at least of what he has called complications, and which have not lessened the death rate, are due to cholera. That is, in these hogs that have been vaccinated, they may have lost their im- munity and may have actually died of cholera. Now, among our practicing veterinarians who have been vaccinating hogs, where they have immunized a herd some of them think that it reflects upon them and the serum they have used if that turns out to be cholera. Hence the tendency to find some other cause for the death. I don’t say they do this deliberately, but because of the inability to make a diagnosis—and as the doctor from Iowa says, it seems as though we have fifty-seven different kinds—and it is easy enough to find some other trouble, or supposed trouble, when our hogs die after vaccination. Some of these do die of: real hog cholera after vaccinatin by either one of these methods. I believe the Government men who are in this kind of work will sustain me in this statement: Serum is not one of those things that is perfect yet. The method of application is not always. perfect. There are conditions under which this may be applied which will not give us results. The condition of the animal—an animal in these shipments, for instance, the shipments that have gone into Iowa, I believe many of those, Dr. Murphey, have actually died of cholera. The immunity is a relative affair, not absolute. ; Texas fever of cattle—you know those raised in the southern country—do not have an absolute immunity. They remain re- sistant to that disease as long as they are not disturbed, but you put those animals on a long drive and then ship them, and maybe dip them at the other end, and many of those animals will show: typical Texas fever. So, we should not expect to get perfect results from our vac- cination by either method. I want to mention some of these things so as to keep before us always these essentials to control. The destruction of the hog cholera virus is the problem of the sanitarians. Let us look forward to the day when we don’t have hog cholera in this country. It won’t be long before Texas fever DISCUSSION IN HOG CHOLERA CONTROL IN THE EAST 603 will be a thing of the past. I can immunize cattle against Texas fever. I have done it. I have immunized. bulls against Texas fever, and they have lived... Dr. Dalrymple here has immunized eattle against Texas fever. But we saw we had not the ultimate solution of this thing. The ultimate solution was the doing away with the carriers of that Santo so, we must hold fast to the essentials to disease control: ORD EST ae nel FS Dr. MurPHEY: There is one point that ought not to go by. Most of the reports that have been made here have pertained to the laboratory end of the work in hog cholera, and I had the pleasure of reading the paper of one of my colleagues a day or _ two.ago on ‘‘Differential Diagnosis of the Diseases of the Pig,’’ and it. was pointed out that the practitioner must be a big factor in the. control of these diseases ; and while men are scared as. to their ‘conditions i in Iowa, they are setting themselves to the work and studying. postmortems.. That must. be the solution—the combination of clinical symptoms in the herd. and in individuals, plus the postmortem. findings; and I think that will help to solve many of these problems. That has been useful in solving most of the diseases that we have solved. The practitioners should report, them, and often they give valuable leads to laboratories as to the symptomatology ; ; and we. ought not to lose sight of that in applying tests in hog cholera. iti DR. AMLING: It has been my experience as. to diagnostic media, from the State. of Iowa we had two or three years ago several vials of feces, sent on for examination, and a colleague of mine, whom I considered very clever, examined those. and reported hog cholera. We also took specimens of the blood sent in to us on slides, and our reports were verified. There were no outbreaks there at that time. This was three or four months prior to the outbreak. These feces were taken immedi- ately from the animal at the time of evacuation. I had a man on the ground at that particular. time, and hog cholera, to my mind, was shown. During hog cholera the organism is always present in the blood or the feces; and I am here to thank Dr. Cahill today, and 1 owe him an apology with reference to a slide shown in Kansas City last year. You remember, there was a little shoat there. I requested a slide be prepared and a report on that condition, and it was identical, the same as on others. Through the. blood hog cholera will be shown, first, last and always. 604 DISCUSSION ON TUBERCULOSIS ERADICATION I take into consideration the topography, the atmospheric condition, the altitude and so forth as having a great importance on the vitality of an animal in various parts of the country; and I am many times governed by those conditions. — TUBERCULOSIS ERADICATION.* JNO. A. KIERNAN. DISCUSSION. Dr. V. A. Moore: It seems to me that we ought not allow such a valuable paper as this to go by without some discussion, although the hour is getting late. There is just one point among the very many worthy of commendation in this that I want to emphasize for just a moment, and that is this: The work that the private practitioner can do in helping this cause. I pointed out in a paper before the State Agricultural Colleges and Ex- periment Stations in 1910 the importance of sound herds as a unit to deal with in the interstate control of tuberculosis. It is only the herd—not the test of the individual animal from the infected herd—but the animals from the herd that is sound. I think that feeling has not only slowly spread among veterina- . rians, but largely among breeders of pure-bred stock. Now, this accredited herd question that has come is simply a continuation of that principle under official supervision. Now, the way, it seems to me, in which the veterinarian can help most is to encourage his clientele to establish sound herds. The question of officially recognized herds has been discussed in our state for a number of years, and a plan that has been proposed—that is, talked over; it has never come out officially— is that a man who had a herd of pure-bred eattle, or any other herd, and wanted it approved or guaranteed, so to speak, offi- cially, must proceed to get the disease out of his herd through the aid of his local veterinarian, and he ean then go to the official with his statement that ‘‘Here is my herd. I want it under this system accredited. I have had it tested by the local man and have located the tuberculous animals, and now have had one, two (or three, as the case may be) tests (or years), and. have had no tuberculous animals.’’ And he turns this herd over *See November Journal, page 107. . DISCUSSION ON TUBERCULOSIS ERADICATION 605 to the officials for this accredited system after he has done all he can alone. Now, if that can be done the veterinarian in practice can get these herds of his clientele cleaned up. As I pointed out yesterday, the work that Dr. Bang has done —the owners have been instructed and educated to get rid of their infected cattle, and then the owners have been taught it is possible to keep the disease out, which many of them at present do not believe. When that time has come, these herds can be turned over with the minimum amount of cost, and will be a tremendous help to this great movement, which I believe is one of the greatest things that has been introduced in the eradication of tubercu- losis—to get these clean herds; that is, accredited herds; and 1. sincerely hope that the veterinarians of these states and the local practitioners will do all they ean to see to it that the owners of tuberculous animals will be so instructed as to come up with clean animals and have clean herds. I certainly hope every one will take an interest in this very important movement. I thank you. (Applause.) ? Dr. Hart: I am interested in tuberculosis. This is practi- cally the method used in California, and I am glad to hear from Dr. Kiernan’s paper that the Bureau of Animal Industry recog- nizes that different methods will have to be taken,* depending upon the percentage of tuberculosis that exists. It will be com- paratively easy to have stringent regulations in territories where little exists. In California we have a great amount of tubercu- losis, and the antagonism increases according to the percentage in which it exists. Where we get into a community where there is a large amount of tuberculosis the owners of live stock will spend a lot of time, energy and effort to defeat any campaign that is started. We need a great amount of educational work, and that will not consist of gathering together a number of farmers and talk- ing to them. Where tuberculosis exists in such a high percent- age that we have to kill off a man’s whole herd and make him get out of business, we will not have much success in getting a campaign started. We need to establish one hundred per cent tuberculin-tested herds, and thereby take the odium off it. It is necessary to have one hundred per cent herds established. We have done that on a large scale with several herds of cattle in California, and from these herds have raised hundreds of healthy animals during the six years this has been carried on. If there 606 DISCUSSION ON TUBERCULOSIS ERADICATION had been any regulatory measures held over that owner he would have fought to the last ditch. But he had the original agreement to fall back on, that.he could, withdraw at any time, and he knew that; he also knew that he had five or six ern tuberculous cattle in his herds. Now, one man has two herds consisting of one thousand head of healthy cattle, and had reduced two tuber- culous herds to one tuberculous herd. That was. accomplished because we had the agreement with him that physical cases would be removed as rapidly as-they developed... That has been very successful with one man in California. He was the largest live stock owner .in the county. But we have other counties where we need similar educational methods to be used. It is hard for a man to-go out.and buy cattle there and ‘be sure he has a healthy herd. tS Therefore, pir ee we ae a ice healthy. herds the important thing is to be able to. know where our tuberculous, animals are and where our reasonably healthy animals are, and take such eare of the offspring that we are reasonably certain to know we will have a small percentage in that offspring, and it will work up in the course of years to be an accredited herd. And 7 feel that where.tuberculosis is most prevalent and the greatest need for work at. present. exists, that some educational work. carried on as outlined above-will result in cleaning up the herds i in these areas. And if California is going to.enter into this campaign, that is the only reasonable plan, as has been done in Los Angeles County, showing the possibility of having a man change his tuberculous herds to healthy herds waa being bankrupted in the process. (Applause.). Dr. AMLING: If you show a man you ¢ are eoing to protect his herd, I don’t know any man who will fall quicker for it than the live stock and dairy man. It is impressed on us today to educate our clients and stand with them on the same ground as a pro- tector and not as a disturber of their interests. The people at large demand protection from us in sanitary measures in refer- ence to this very same condition ; and as the gentleman from California spoke here, | think that is the only logical method to pursue along those particular. lines... _. Dr. W. C. Stzemunp: John Henry Miller, of Peru, Indiana, whose .son, Walter H. Miller, was at one time the Secretary of the Short. Horn Breeders’ Association, fifteen years ago enter- tained the hope that. pure-bred. short. horn cattle would be. sold with their pedigree and with the record that they were derived 4 _ DISCUSSION ON STANDARDIZATION OF BLACKLEG VACCINE 607 from tuberculous-free herds. It was fifteen years ago he made that statement. STANDARDIZATION OF BLACKLEG VACCINE. . Drs. L. Ww. Goss and J. P. Scorr. DISCUSSION. Dr. Erconorn: I think Dr. Goss ought to be complimented on the extensive work he has carried on in the standardization of the produets which.are being used to a considerable extent for - the immunization of animals against blackleg. The difficulty of ». standardizing blackleg vaccine, whether: filtrated virus or. ag- --gressins, 1s very great, and I-only regret that. Dr. Goss: has not offered an absolute methed by which any of his products ean be standardized ; but no doubt he has offered a possible solution by which it might be possible to determine site? value of-the Pee those blackleg products. — — eg JT also enjoyed and sspnabhatea: his statements with regard-te the immunizing value of-filtrates and aggressins, and further that guinea pigs are not a satisfactory index to ‘determine the im: munizing value of these products. It will no doubt require-a considerable amount.of work before we can establish what’ the immunizing properties are of both the filtrates and the aggressins. The work which has been done with regard to gas gangrene I think is of great value in opening up the experimental. value of blackleg filtrates and also aggressins.. We know it is possible to produce strong toxins of the gas gangrene organisms, which have immunizing properties when injected into animals; and it has been carried out to such an extent that at the present time those engaged in the production of biological products are preparing tables of results with animals injected with the virus. Substances which are neutralized by. the serum—I Wenibl like to know whether this neutralization when carried out on immune serum has been any lower than when carried out with serum of the normal horse. Dr. ReIcHEL: I should like very tnoes to, discuss Dr. asa? paper. I think, also, Dr. Eichhorn brought out that we are get- ting a little closer to standardization of these products, but I feel that Dr. Goss up to the present is on record only with a *See December Jouraal: page 234. 608 DISCUSSION ON STANDARDIZATION OF BLACKLEG VACCINE test that might be considered a protective test of immune serum— that is, anti-blackleg serum. It is the testing of the serum against the living organism—I don’t think that that will eventu- ally be the standard test for the testing of anti-blackleg serum, because it is very difficult to regulate the effective dose, very difficult. Even in Dr. Goss’ work he uses two forms of in- fective dose, the mostly virus dose and the culture dose. He has demonstrated also that the washed culture differs from the un- washed culture. There are three possibilities there, and they are very, very unreliable, I feel. Dwelling upon the development of toxins in connection with the blackleg bacillus, we must try very hard to demonstrate the distinct toxic value of the toxin. We can call it filtrate or agegressin, artificially, but we must test the culture there, which can be done by testing on guinea pigs in graduated doses. Then we should test out the anti-toxic value of anti-blackleg serum. I think that will be of more value than the serum test. If we test out the suspension of any blackleg serum, then we will have a test for the artificial aggressin or filtrate. I am firmly of the opinion that the artificial aggressin differs from the natural aggressin only in the fact that the toxin in the artificial aggressin is covered. For the artificial aggressin and the anti-blackleg serum we will have to work for an anti-toxin test, and I think ‘ that is where lies our problem in standardizing these two prod- ucts. I should like to ask Dr. Goss why he allowed an interval of fifteen hours between the injections of two materials. In tests we have made we have found it a very satisfactory procedure to limit the infectivity dose to two drops of fresh exudate from a guinea pig, and exposing those two drops to variable doses of the anti-blackleg serum, starting with two-tenths ce and going up to 1 ce, incubating it for an hour, and afterward injecting that into guinea pigs. That will give you a reading as to the value of the serum, a good serum given in a dose of two-tenths cc against two drops of that infected material. That infective ma- terial is very. stable. You can always get fresh exudate from a guinea pig that has just died, and in that way you can stand- ardize your serum.dose. But, as I said before, I don’t think that is a reliable test for the anti-toxin product. Dr. BreEp: I would like to ask Dr. Goss if he knows of any record of the blackleg virus being isolated, getting it in a dry, DISCUSSION ON PATHOLOGY OF SPAVIN «6098 powdered form. I should also like to ask Dr. Reichel if this exudate from guinea pigs is free from organisms or not. Dr. Goss: In reference to the use of immune serum, we have used serum from a horse immune, not from a normal horse. That: work, however, was done before we approached a point that was: satisfactory. Since then I have not tested. The normal horse: blood I thought more easy to procure than under other circum- stances. I don’t know the value of the immune horse serum to this extent. In regard to Dr. Reichel’s question, the fifteen hour period in arriving -at these experiments—I think you will all appreciate that usually a great many tests run, of all kinds, which do not seem to come out satisfactorily. In various tests we fell upon fifteen hours as a satisfactory time for the serum to produce passive immunity. That is the only excuse I can offer for using fifteen hours. As to the immune serum being tested with toxin, or, likewise, a toxin being tested by the use of an immune serum, we have been testing, as shown, our immune serum against virus—immune serum is usually used against the virus, which, of course, devel- ops there a toxin. In the field it has been very successful when we have produced it by testing it in this manner; and on that account we have not changed the method for testing it, and as the immune serum has no great future, as I can see, I have not seen fit to change the test—that is, to test it against the toxin. Another reason is, we have not been able to develop a uniform toxin, and have tested our toxins against one serum which would be used for them. | In answer to Dr. Breed, we have not evaporated the toxin itself. CERTAIN ASPECTS OF THE PATHOLOGY OF SPAVIN.* F, A. GOLDBERG. DISCUSSION. Dr. Grorcge H. Berns: I don’t think I can say anything on this paper except that it is an entirely new departure, as to the eause of spavin. We were taught thirty or forty years ago that spavin was always caused by sprain,always traumatically carried. *See November Journal, page 136. 610 DISCUSSION ON PATHOLOGY OF SPAVIN ‘Now Dr. Goldberg demonstrates that there are larve and many other causes; and it wotild seem that any pus activity, in any part of the body almost, might be productive of spavin forma- tions; and that is the point which I think Dr. Goldberg has pretty clearly demonstrated. To me it is entirely new. I never thought ‘of it for a moment. But it seems quite reasonable, because we do know that pus collections in almost any part of the human ‘body will produce rheumatic arthritis—unfortunately, I am‘suf- fering from an infliction of that kind temporarily. I have not ‘given the subject any thought. It is brand new to me. ‘+ T was much pleased to hear the paper, and was greatly inter- ested in it. Men who have given the subject more attention and study than I have are probably in a much better position to discuss it. | | ' Dr. Prerck: He mentioned umbilical infection, which may lie latent for two years or more. I would like to know if there is any ‘way in which to anticipate that or avoid it. ‘Dr. MurpHey: One or two questions I would like to have ‘answered: I certainly enjoyed this paper very much. One qués- tion is with regard to the primary lesions of necrosis which wére infiltrated with lime salts. The statement was made that the process was not arthritis primarily. I cannot understand’ how the lime salts got in there otherwise. — tla One other thing I would like to know is, whether it is consid- ered that these conditinos are mostly ostitis or arthritis primarily. I did not hear quite all of the paper. Dr. GOLDBERG: Spavin is a chronic condition, and the final outcome of it is a complete osseous ankylosis of the ‘hock joint. {In order to bring this about it requires a considerable length of time. We will assume that the cause is an infection. If the in- fection is severe, it takes but a short time for lameness to develop, and for visible structural changes to occur in the joint. If the infection is mild, it takes a considerably longer time, perhaps a year or more. Another thing to be eonaidaced is that the changes in the joint may be quiescent, as I pointed out. They were active at one time, but they are now merely history. In other words, bone and cartilage do not proliferate very readily. They may heal apparently—that i is, there may be incomplete healing—especially if you have an erosion in the articular cartilage. That erosion is most likely to remain even after the process has subsided, and after the irritant has been removed. In that way it is possible eo ee ee DISCUSSION ON PATHOLOGY OF SPAVIN 611 for an umbilical infection; if it is very mild, to be carried into the joint when the animal is very young, and it may be a year or two before the process of spavin—that is, osseous ankylosis—has been 4 seam In comes cases complete ossification is not present. | ; ‘The manner in which lime vale are deposited in ore is not yet settled. Many claim it is a sort of saponification. It is a ~ chemical process, at any rate. Lime salts are usuaily deposited in tissues that have become necrotic,-and calcification is one of the sequel of necrosis: Calcification in the articular cartilage occurs very often. The lime salts are not deposited from the bone directly; it is simply a chemical process that.takes place in the tissue, perhaps through the circulation. It may also take place, in an exudate of long standing, where the young connective tissue cells often make, use of the lime salts, depositing them into their intercellular substance and thus be transformed into bone. That i is how. ossification is said to be brought about. Eberlein claims that all spavins begin as an ostitis primarily and work up into the articular cartilage. ‘In most of the cases I have seen—and I have seen nearly a hundred cases—the origin seemed to Be in the joint. In the later stages it is impossible ‘to tell whether the process began’ in the sub-chondral bone, or in the cartilage. In order to determine this point the igh must be studied in the very early stages. Articular cartilage is non-vaseular tissue; and a great deal of work has been done on inflammations of the cornea. Mild irritation on the cornea calls forth some wandering cells, and | proliferation of fixed tissue cells, while more severe irritation calls forth blood vessels, which grow into the cornea from neigh- boring vascular tissue. It is possible’ that the articular cartilage reacts to an irritant similarly to the cornea. It is possible, therefore, that the vascularization of the articular cartilage is due to an irritation in the joint and not in the sub-chondral bone. _ Dr. Murpuny: The-necrosis was shown on one slide to be primarily arthritis, and I asked Dr. Goldberg the method by which the lime salts got in at this point as:shown on that. slide, whether they did not come from the bone through the circulation. The circulation in the cornea is not. to be compared here. : Dr. Goupsere: The circulation of the articular cartilage is not very clear. Some: have demonstrated spaces between the cartilage cells, but others have disproved it. I attempted several experiments on this point. Various dyes were injected into the 612 DISCUSSION ON PATHOLOGY OF SPAVIN joints of rabbits and the joints were subsequently examined. It was found that the entire articular cartilage was stained with methylene blue ten minutes after this dye was injected into the joint. It was impossible to retain the stain in the tissues so that they might be examined microscopically. This was due to the strong acid necessary for decalcification of the bone. Acid as well as alkaline dyes were used with the same results. At present it is considered by most histologists that the nourishment to the articular cartilage comes by means of the blood vessels that are in the sub-chondral bone, and that the cartilage imbibes the food from the tissues suited to it. Calcification in the articular car- tilage in this sense may come from the bone, but this is not due to a primary ostitis. Dr. BircH: In regard to the treatment of spavin, it is well known that the first principle of the treatment of spavin is: rest. And in looking at some of those slides, where that erosion has taken place, I think it is a very good object lesson as to why rest is desirable under those circumstances. There is one other thought. Among cattle or horses, I could not say which is the most likely to umbilical infection; but the thought has occurred to me, in comparing the two, that if spavin is due to umbilical infection it seems that the umbilical infection in one should be comparable with that in the other, and we should have something like the same amount of spavin, you might say, in cattle as in horses, whereas, as a matter of fact, we do not have the same amount apparent at least. Whether that is due to the fact that the horse at two or three years of age is put to work, and is subjected to greater strain; and also to the fact that we do not pay so much attention to lameness in the cow, I don’t know. I should like to be informed. Dr. GoLtpBeRG: I should like to corroborate Dr. Birch, in that spavin is at least as common in cattle as in horses; it may not be in the form of an ossifying periostitis, but if you examine the joints of a number of cattle, you will find they are affected by the same changes as those described as spavin in horses. I do not think that in this country there is so much ankylosis of the hock joint in cattle as in Europe. This is possibly due to the fact that cattle there are worked more than they are in this country ; but the various stages of spavin, you will find, are at least as common in cattle as in horses. ee OR Sg ee eT ee SWINE PRACTICE.* C. COURTNEY MCLEAN. ? Prefatory remarks by Dr. McLean: I am not going to take up much of your time on swine prac- tice. I am simply going to tell you what I do, and perhaps I can tell you a different method than what is taught, and I trust you may get some benefit from it. The sow is undoubtedly the Queen of the Farm. There is no question whatever that she deserves more recognition than any other animal on the farm today. As I stated, an animal which is capable of reproducing 2,000 per cent—which is frequently done, a sow having two litters of pigs, and ten pigs to a litter, and raises them, is certainly a better investment than anything you have on the farm. She requires gentle handling. The sow should not be bred as young as she is usually bred. She should not be bred at eight months old. It isa mistake. The sow should be nearer maturity, and ought not to be bred, especially in pure-bred stock, under a year old. The great losses resulting from farrowing is where they are bred under a year. I read an article in ‘‘Swine Herd’’ the other day which stated that in the State of lowa a million are farrowed every year, and only seven per cent of them reach the feed lot on account of chills and other conditions that con- tribute to such a loss. The farrowed sow should be in a pen that is constructed with a farrowing rail. There should be a farrowing shelf or rail out- side the pen, to prevent her squeezing the pigs when she lies down. At the present time there are too many things contrib- uting to the nervousness of the sow. Sometimes it is impossible to get in at the farrowing time. When a sow is nervous and humps up when approached, it is dangerous; she will lie down on the pigs. The proper course is to take a stool and sit down behind the sow, and have a jug of hot water in a basket and put the pigs in a basket as each one comes away. After the after- birth passes you can replace the pigs. DISCUSSION. CHAIRMAN CooLEy: In your experience in dealing with the municipal question, with reference to our municipalities, what do you say with reference to garbage? * See November Journal, page 90. 614 DISCUSSION ON SWINE PRACTICE Dr. McLean: A garbagé-fed hog isnot as good as a feed-fed hog. I make this explanation: A hog raised under proper ¢on- dition should weigh 100 pounds at 100 days old; the hog that has gained one pound a ‘day is doing well. I have never yet had a garbage-fed hog to reach that. There is danger in raising hogs on garbage, because you can’t have the proper supervision over ‘the collectors of the garbage. The foreign matter ,put .in- garbage, like tin. cans, glassware and knives and forks and nails and everything im2g- inable, are anything but beneficial to the hogs. In enumerating the diseases of hogs I should have mentioned ptomaine -poisoning. I have seen also a number of cases where hogs have eaten foreign bodies like nails and tacks and pins. The statement that was made by the previous speaker (Dr. Dimock) in regard to brine was a very truthful one. Salt in any quantity causes a violent enteritis in hogs, and kills them very shortly. : I made a statement very surprising, perhaps, to you gentle- men;*but a hog is so much more intelligent than some imagine that if you pay the proper attention to the intellect of a hog it will repay you many times over. A hog is very nervous. - With severe abdominal pains.a hog will lie down, and you can’t .get him to get up. He will suffer intensely... I don’t believe there is a man living who can diagnose pneumonia in a hog, or any other condition; because, under any abnormal condition, the hog will breathe so rapidly you can’t tell what it-is. | | Dr. B. D. Pierce: Do you feed the garbage raw or seomcat Dr. McLean: I feed it raw, but in° most cases it is perce cooked, especially the garbage from restaurants. Dr. Pierce: I refer to places where the garbage contains orange peels and tin cans, and they boil it all up. thing. : 7 at Dr. Pierce: The tin cans won’t hurt so much as the orange peel, will they ? , . Dr. McLean: A hog that will eat orange peel is a pretty hungry hog. zie RE ea Dr. S. B. HENpRON, of Lewistown: I have been interested in these papers because I have been called upon to treat hogs in my territory.. There is one point the Doctor spoke of, and that is in regard to farrowing the maturing sow. I believe the greatest loss has occurred along that line. Up to within a few years ago I believe we all allowed those sows to die—not only myself, but Dr. McLean: My experience is that they throw in every-- ‘y a a * DISCUSSION ON_SWINE .PRACTICE 615, - other practitioners in my country. We now resort to the Cesare- an-section, and we don’t: hesitate very long about it.. I myself have given up using instruments on.parturient sows. I have all the forceps and hooks for that purpose, but. one can’t use them; you get hold of the pig to pull him out, and: you pull his head off | or his foot off—that is all you-can do. Parturition instruments are, useful sometimes.. When I am galled upon to treat a: par-' turient sow. I first. see if it. would pig,.and sometimes it will bane two or three pigs dead, and sometimes all dead. If-a sow is weak and cannot stand an operation, it is foolish to operate.. Our procedure, when- mature, :is this: ‘If you are’ called upon to see a sow ‘that is a good subject and in good condi- tion—perhaps has some pigs, and perhaps has' not—don’t' wait; but go right ahead with your préparation for the: operation. I have them prepare a table and have it good: and high—take ‘a door off the barn-and: nail a:board across;.have them: bring two big -pails of hot. water and a scrubbing: brush ‘and a towel; then’ get.your eat-gut and’ needle: I have-found that half the time was- used in-getting the:hair from the: wound. I don’t shave the hair any more, but thoroughly scrub and disinfect. ) Paks - Then, have'three men. Always tie the hind legs with ape, and then fasten them near you. If you ‘fasten them away; then’ when a sow struggles she pulls away from you. I always have three men; I put one’on the hind part, one on the head and one to govern the front legs. Then you have no trouble. ' I make a bold incision; and am careful to keep away from the lumbar region. Make a bold incision because you have tough skin to cut through. First you go to the peritoneum ; separate the first layer of fat with your fingers; make a hole in the peri- toneum, always cutting out.’ If you have the incision too deep then your small intestine will come out. If you allow the sow to force the small bowel all over the table and all over your herself, you have too much time required in putting it back. Speed is the main thing in the operation. Close the wound up and get done with it. Have the incision just large enough for the pig to come through, and no larger. The point the Doctor made about the bladder being ruptured is true. When I insert my hand to bring the pig out, with the uterus, the bladder is probably distended, and you can sau"? it out, and it gives you so much more space. Dr. McLean: Don’t you use’an anesthetic? - 616 DISCUSSION ON SWINE PRACTICE Dr. HENpDRON: I usually use a half tablet of H. M. C., some- times a whole one. Grasp the pig and bring it out. I generally bring out the whole uterus, so as not to overlook one pig in one of the horns. I have two towels saturated with disinfectant, and lay it over the whole table and bring the uterus out. Have a ‘basket to put the pigs in. In the majority of cases you will have live pigs. Remove them as quickly as you can. Suture your uterus with catgut. I have used silk, but catgut is as good. Bring the two serous edges together, so that in a few hours they will start to glue fast. If you put the two raw edges together they won’t be so even. I allow water from a dipper to fall on the uterus. In putting it back be careful to get it as straight as you can. It is a little difficult to do that sometimes, but if you place it as you think it should be by putting back first one horn and then the other, and you will put it back pretty straight. Then I take braided silk and do not suture the peritoneum or muscles, but from the bottom up, and draw it together and tie it. I use oxide of zine ointment to rub over the wound after that, and give the man a little to use each day; and usually it acts very well. That operation is being done every day. I think that during the last week I did three. I don’t often go back to remove the stitches, but tell the man that after it is healed up and he is satisfied it won’t break out, to just remove the stitches. Many of my cases I don’t see again, because they are so far away. One man I asked how his sow made out, said she was all right, she went up into the mountain for three weeks, and when she came back the stitches were gone. The sow does not eat very well for a few days. I keep them on a liquid diet until they start to feel well. I think if that operation was practiced more frequently fewer sows would die. But I want to say, don’t operate in a hog pen, because if you do you will fail. That has been my experience. Dr. Berns: Why wouldn’t it be fully as well to amputate the uterus and put a ligature around the uterus instead of taking the trouble of suturing the horn? Dr. Henpron: [I did at one time, but my success was not so good. I did amputate the uterus, originally, but the percentage of success was not so great. President Cochran of the New York City Veterinary Medical Society gave a timely address at the January meeting of that body. ~ OS es ne ee DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF THE DISEASES OF THE PIG.* W. W. DIMOCK. DISCUSSION. Dr. Kinsutey: Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen: First, I be- lieve you will agree that the author should be complimented on this splendid paper. It has thrown light on a subject that some have been asking for for many years. It was intimated in the paper, what has been known long since, that practically the only disease considered in swine is hog cholera. There has been some plea with the practitioner, and others in a position to know, that the other diseases of swine should be given consideration; and I was certainly pleased to have had the privilege of listening to this splendid paper. There are some things that perhaps are subject to discussion, in what has been said. First of all, the general statement con- cerning the hemorrhages that are ordinarily considered as lesions of cholera, perhaps needs some discussion and perhaps some modification. There are those, you know, who claim hog cholera is practically a lesion-less disease in its pure form, and that the lesions usually associated with cholera are the result of complica- tions rather than the result of the virus itself. We can accept or reject that statement, as we wish, and I wish to especially call your attention to the statement concerning the petechial hemor- rhages on the kidney. They are, in my judgment, not evidence of hog cholera. We find hemorrhages associated with cholera when there are usually or frequently no other principal compli- cations, but bear in mind those hemorrhages are also found in infections and in the group that the Doctor has designated as mixed infections particularly. Petechial hemorrhages are also found in the pepieeaia form of necrobacillosis, or associated with the bacillus of necro- bacillosis, and perhaps in other conditions. In making the dif- ferential diagnosis of diseases in swine this should be borne in mind. And this should be obtained in the history. It is not always possible that simultaneous immunization will prevent these lesions associated with hog cholera. The swine may die of some other complication, and the diagnosis given as hog cholera by the one making the diagnosis. 3 *See January Journal, page 321. 618 DISCUSSION ON DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES OF THE PIG In ‘hog cholera: elihically, there is! érdinarily ‘a rise in témper- ature, the hog cholera victiths having‘ tsually a temperature of from 105 to 108 Fahrenheit. In hemorrhagic septicemia it is hard to find that temperature. It-rarely is above 105 Fahren- heit. - One other statement: in- on to.the lesions mentioned under hog cholera, is in regard to the button ulcer proposition. I don’t think it is anything else than a complication of hog. cholera. I believe it is usually due to the bacillus neerophorus. and- some- times to another organism. So, I don ' believe the button ulcer should be considered as typifying hog cholera. In the pneumonia. discussion the Doctor i in his paper | has three or four types. In the one I am pleased to call secondary pneu- monia, associated with cholera, there is usually _ not much, diffi- culty to differentiate it from hemorrhagic septicemia pneumonia. The hog cholera pneumonia, is a purely, croupus type, usually i in: volving the acrotie or cephalic. lobe or portion of it, whereas, in hemorrhagic septicemia we find, the larger portion of the lung involved. We may designaté it as the ordinary type, but usually with | an ‘extravasated exudate similar. to pleuro- -pneumonia in | cattle. The. hemorrgahie disturbances i in swine are extremely difficult to diagnose clinically i in the ordinary swine because of the thiek- ness of the chest wall, due to a layer of fat. So that, T hope some of our good clinical diagnosticians will give us a definite method for determining pneumonia in swine. Personally, I have found it almost impossible to make a satisfactory examination of the contents of the thorax clinically. If any of you have any means of doing it I certainly would be glad, and I think oinere would be olad, to hear it. } thank you, and wish, to iat ahaha the Doctor on his splen- did paper. (Applause. ) Dr. Bircn: I would like to just say, with regard to making the clinical observation of swine, that I think a bad mistake is often made by slapping our hands and stirring them up. By so doing we automatically increase the pulse rate and respirations, and if we chase them long before catching them we also increase the temperature, possibly as “niuch as two degrees, in a ‘short time. I don’t want to discourage any one who thinks he ean make the same observations on a hog as he can on a horse, but I don’t know any one who can carry it out. As Dr. Kinsley has said, the walls of the thorax are so thick. T don’t know any better ee a ae ——s= ce ete ee nd me cq i BE oie te > a ee ae. a “ Tae ee DISCUSSION ON DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES OF THE PIG 619 - method of diagnosing pneumonia than by making the hog walk some distance, and then observing the respirations. In making observations of tissues in pigs, I have frequently observed in pig No. 1, then No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, No. 5, No. 6, No. 7 and No. 8; and then starting in with No. 1 again—it is sur- prising how high the temperature has risen just catching the pig in the pen. We have raised the temperature in a shaded alley- way, with the atmospheric temperature at 70 degrees—I would not want to quote the exact time and exact increase in temper- ature, but it was more than two degrees and the time of chasing the pig was less than two minutes. With regard to what was said in the paper about observing the lesions—the difference in lesions, whether a hog is bled out for examination or whether he has died, there is a very important distinction to make in making the diagnosis. It is very easy to assume on microscopic examination that we have infection in a gland where a hog is not bled out, whereas, we would otherwise find it was hyperemic and would disappear if the hog had been bled out. In hemorrhagic septicemia or that form of swine plague— I don’t know how that has been done, I would like Dr. Kinsley to explain how that has been done and who has done it. We are not sure we have the filterable virus present. In one herd we started on—and the reason we started the work, in fact, was because we thought we had a pure hemorrhagic septicemia infec- tion. We killed rabbits with the bi-polar organism. The serum treatment did not seem to have much effect on the progress of the disease throughout the herd, but we filtered the virus and filtered the blood and injected filtered blood in susceptible pigs, and we produced hog cholera. In other cases we killed, although swine plague was present, we found the disease was from filtered virus, and one would cer- tainly call that an outbreak of swine plague, and it certainly was not. With regard to the button ulcer, in establishing there the filterable virus we have two things to establish: First, how it was contracted; and, second, the length of time from the first sickness of the animal until this examination was made. The virus does not under ordinary circumstances lose its virulence— it stays in the blood at least a limited time; whether the examina- tion for virus was made from the blood or not, I don’t know. I should like to know. 620 DISCUSSION ON DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES OF THE PIG ee ee ee Dr. Roperts, of North Carolina. I would not want to be . pinned down to make a positive statement that there were no such things as lesions produced by the filterable virus, but through twenty years’ observation on pigs supposed to die from hog chelera I have found that if the lesions are produced from filterable virus they are very few and far between. I believe the speaker who preceded me struck the keynote in regard to the lesions supposed to have come from filterable virus. I believe we have very few of these so-called mixed infections, infections that are in themselves pathogenic, without some patho- logic condition in the animal making it susceptible, or the organ- isms themselves becoming pathogenic and thereby producing the lesions attributable to hog cholera. I want to say, for one, that I don’t see fos the life of me how we can offer this filterable virus except to get button ulcer from them or hemorrhages from them. I am not stating facts, but I am stating what has been my common belief, and I believe the logical way to reason the effect from what we eall cholera, what are called lesions due to cholera, and what are really lesions due to other conditions than the cholera. And I don’t believe these lesions would be present if the animal’s condition or some other circumstances did not render the animal susceptible and pathogenic for it. CHAIRMAN CooLEy: I am satisfied to say we have listened with very great pleasure to this fine, exhaustive paper on this subject, as well as the discussions on it; and that they will be of great benefit to the man who is in general practice and has a great deal to do with hog cholera work. Dr. MurpHey: There is one thing in regard to hemorrhagic septicemia—a man had thirty sows, and 210 pigs; and he came in and said he lost one sow and seven pigs. He said they were sick, but they did not act just like cholera; they seemed to have some- thing the matter with their mouths; they were champing all the time, and the symptoms described in this paper under hemor- rhagie septicemia were present. A bi-polar organism was found, and the pigs not showing symptoms were vaccinated with hemor- — rhagic septicemia vaccine, and the sick pigs and sow were treated. with anti-hemorrhagie septicemia serum. There was one sow which died after the treatment was instituted. That was the second case of pure, uncomplicated hemorrhagic septicemia we had this summer to deal with, and I don’t doubt we have hem- SS ee ee eee Se DISCUSSION ON LAMENESS OF OBSCURE ORIGIN 621 orrhagic septicemia existing in Iowa as a disease separately from hog cholera. Dr. Birrco: I would like to ask Dr. Murphey what the ordi- nary death rate in hemorrhagic septicemia would be when al- lowed to go without treatment. Dr. MurpHEY: In the first outbreak it was some time before treatment was instituted—which was only a vaccine, no serum, and the loss was about 15 per cent. But sanitation was instituted at once on the first farm, and it was impossible on the second farm. LAMENESS OF OBSCURE ORIGIN.* GEO. H. BERNS. In introducing his subject, Dr. Berns had the following to say: 3 The horse has no longer the center of the stage, and very little has been said about equine surgery and equine medicine at this meeting. However, there are still some horses left, and some of us still feel some interest in the horse. When I accepted a position on the program, when IJ was asked to prepare some simple, practical little saying on the subject of equine medicine or surgery, it occurred to me that lameness would probably interest some of you. Having been in the habit of re- ferring to all lameness that is hard to diagnose as ‘‘ obscure lame- ness,’’ I have, from force of habit, no doubt, referred to my title s ‘‘Obseure Lameness and Some of Its Causes.’’ But it is a misnomer. The lameness is not obscure, but the origin and‘ its eauses. Therefore, I would change the printed ibe to read ‘‘Lameness of Obscure Origin and Some of Its Causes.’ (On page 221 of the December Journal, after the sentence ‘* In cases where one heel and quarter were contracted, the bar and sole on the affected side only were trimmed down.’’ Dr. Berns interpolated as follows (but which did not appear in his manu- script), ‘“We used the Roeberge spring for many years, because we had no other. The principle was all right, but we improved their efficiency very, very materially by leveling down the sole, by leveling down the bars until they yielded to the pressure of the thumb, and then substituted an artificial sole and an artificial bar, so to speak. The artificial sole was substituted by the intro- *See December Journal, page 217. 622 DISCUSSION ON LAMENESS OF OBSCURE ORIGIN duction of a heavy bit of leather over a packing of oakum and tar; azd in this way we were successful 1 in restoring the feet to a normal condition.’’) DISCUSSION. Dr. R. C. Moore: I certainly appreciated Dr. Berns’ paper. While it is a subject we do not have to deal with as in former days, nevertheless we have not yet outlived its usefulness. We have many good horses left, and as long as we do have them Ao will be an important matter. I was glad to hear Dr. Berns lay stress on the necessity of paring the foot after taking away the horn tissue. My experi- ence has been that after taking away a large amount of the horn tissue, whether on the sole or the side of the foot, the horn tissue soon dries; and no matter how thin it can be pared the hardness of that tissue will have increased in a few days, and it will prob- ably become just as detrimental to the underlying tissue as the heavy wall was before. Dr. Berns has clearly carried out the thought—to protect that by a pad until the horn tissue becomes thick enough to protect the underlying tissue from atmospheric conditions, et cetera. Dr. ToRRANCE: It is not practical to put the spring into the horse’s foot without tightening. The ordinary irregularities of the feet, et cetera, will cause those springs to become so jammed by constant hammering that we are in danger of losing them. The leather is as much used and needed for them as for keeping the tissue moist. I believe the packing and moisture have almost as much beneficial action as the springs. I have used the Mackey , spring for a horse which had a real: sharp pinched heel. The Mackey spring, as made in Baltimore, is considerably superior ‘to any Roeberge I have ever seen, and I have had a lot of success by using the Mackey springs and then turning the animal out. I have put them into the heel when it was so sore the horse could hardly stand. And I have put it behind the heel three- quarters of an inch, and sometimes more, and have never put it in that I did not keep the original shoe, so as to show myself, as well as the owner, the change. Dr. Hopper: I enjoyed the paper as presented by Dr. Berns. I might say I have had some experience along those lines. In severe cases of contraction I do not follow the method of paring out the sole. I think it is a great mistake in opening your heels. My endeavor is to get that frog and wall to be a common mass. et a a eee oem “9h Se es ES Mees as z re - : - "3 4 DISCUSSION ON LAMENESS OF OBSCURE ORIGIN | 623 _ Dr. Berns mentioned contractions, either inside or outside. I have never been able to find how a'spring is able to correct that condition. It was suggested by our mutual friend, McDonaugh, and was practiced very largely by us—where we had an inside or outside contraction—on that particular side the spring was. taunt. The other side was fastened in the wall, and a clip placed directly at the heel. We must quite undérstand that the spring ‘is to avoid any strains, and it will equally spring the normal and abnormal sides; and the results are negative—you don’t correet the condition. But by placing a clip in the inside of the heel of the shoe on the affected side—following that method we abso- lutely could correct contractions at any time and at all times. I found that very successful. Dr. Berns: I don’t know whether I made myself perfectly clear on this point, but I certainly do not want you to harbor the impression that I favor opening the heels under ordinary conditions. On the contrary, it is one of the worst things you could do. But where you insert a spring your spring does not have very much chance to expand on the foot unless you open the heel; and it is a perfectly safe procedure while the spring is in the foot, but the moment the spring is removed that opening of the heel is certainly dangerous. Dr. Hopper tells us that by placing a clip on the inside of the heel of the shoe on the affected side it will have a tendency to prevent contraction — by leveling off the upper surface and placing a clip on the inside. ee Dr. Hopper: I place my clip on the normal side and just carry the shoe out there to where it should be. Dr. Bern: That principle I have never adopted, but we have been fairly successful in expanding a contracted heel, when it existed on one side only, by extending down the bar on that side, and thinning down the sole on that side; until it will take pres- sure by the thumb; and the spring had a better chance of ex- panding the side. SOME IMPORTANT POINTS IN ea AND SPAYING. % Wan. M. BELL. Before reading his paper Dr. Bell made the following intro- ductory remarks: The first point is, | have found it very handy in my eard file to make a list of the equipment and instruments for certain oper- ations, and consult that list before doing an operation of any kind, a castration or whatever it might be, and see that I do not find myself at the place of operation without some important instrument. I carry a bandage in hot weather, when I have much oper- ating to do, to keep above the eyebrows and glasses to prevent the perspiration from obstructing the view. Also, in our country, if we have a bunch of horses or mules that are sometimes wild, I carry three lassos, and have practiced enough to become some- what expert. I throw the three lassos, and leave it to my assist- ants to carry out the twitch. CASTRATION OF THE HORSE OR MULE. NECESSARY EQuiPMENT. Overalls, operating gown, bandage, lasso, twitch, casting har- ness, pans, soap, clean water, towels, hand brush, nail cleaner, antiseptic, tincture iodine, absorbent cotton and carbolized oil. INSTRUMENTS. Castrating knife, emasculator, ecraseur, needle and suture, hemostatics, aspirating needle, rubber tubing and bulb syringe, hernia clamp. PREPARATION. The instruments having been sterilized, are placed in a creolin — or other antiseptic solution, and the operator’s hands surgically cleaned. PREPARING THE PATIENT. In the normal horse or colt I prefer the standing position. The twitch is applied and the operator approaches the left side of the patient, washes the scrotum, paints it with tincture iodine and wipes it with absorbent cotton. *Presented at 55th Annual -Meeting A. V. M. A., Philadelphia, 1918. ee es eS ee ee ee eat hat hee een Ne e 4 SOME IMPORTANT POINTS IN. CASTRATION AND SPAYING 625 OPERATION. Standing in the above position the operator grasps the right testicle and opens the scrotum with a free incision. The tunica vaginalis is cut away where it attaches to the testicle with the knife, and the testicle removed with the emasculator close to the testicle, removing nothing but the testicle and its attachments. In my opinion it is bad practice to mutilate and mangle the tunica vaginalis with the emasculator or ecraseur. I do not believe it to be good surgery. ‘ THE MULE. In all respects the operation, on the mule is the same as on the horse—with two exceptions. I prefer to cast the mule and re- move all of the tunica vaginalis that covers the testicle. I remove ° the tunica vaginalis with the knife and the testicle with the emasculator as close to the testicle as possible, leaving the end of the cord, artery and vein hanging below the end of the severed tunica vaginalis, thus making it almost impossible to have a water bag. THE CRYPTORCHID AND MONORCHID. The testicles of solipeds are formed in the abdominal cavity and the developed testicle remains in the abdominal cavity main- tained there by the gubernaculum testis, which, after birth, draws it into the abdominal ring, where it remains for a brief time (usually from birth to six months after), when the guber- naculum testis becomes a part of the cremaster muscle. In some cases the testicle does not descend, but remains in the abdominal cavity during life or until removed by operation. THE OPERATION. In this operation the animal must be cast and secured with his hocks fully flexed and well spread apart. After securing the subject in the proper position cn his left side, I prefer he be rolled upon his back and secured in that position. On WHICH SIDE TO OPERATE, If the patient has never been operated on this is easy, but, as is often the case, one testicle has been removed and the other side opened and a search made for the testicle, therefore there is a scar on each side, and it becomes a more or less knotty problem. In many eases this is easily solved by grasping a handful of the skin and deep connective tissue just over the scar with the left 626 ‘ WM. M. BELL hand and feeling for the end of the spermatic cord with the right hand. When the end of the spermatic cord is detected on one side the testicle must be on the other, and in nearly all cases it can be determined in this way. THE OPERATION. The subject, instruments and operator being properly cleansed, make an incision over the external inguinal ring (I am of the opinion that, properly speaking, there is no scrotum), about four and one-half inches: long through the skin and dartos. Separate the connective tissue with the fingers from the external to the internal inguinal ring. (I am also of the opinion that there is no inguinal canal.) 7 An examination of the internal ring will determine whether the testicle or epididymis is in the ring. If the epididymis is on the outside of the ring divide the tunica vaginalis and attempt to remove the testicle by traction on the epididymis, but do not open the internal inguinal ring. When the testicle can not be withdrawn with reasonable traction let go of the epididymis and after lubricating the parts with carbolated oil pass the hand into the incision, using the right hand on the left side and the left hand on the right side. Ignoré the internal inguinal ring, so far as getting the testicle through it is concerned. WHERE TO MAKE THE OPENING INTO THE ABDOMEN. We can not go to the outside of the internal ring, as there is no room between the ring and the large muscles of the thigh, and it is not practical to go in front of it. We can go to the inside of the internal ring or behind it. . If we go to the inside we must make a complicated opening or there will be an escape of intes- tines, if we go behind the ring we must go behind Poupart’s liga- ment, as it forms the back part of the ring. Where the epidi- dymis is not through the internal ring I prefer to go back of Poupart’s ligament, and it is there I make the opening in about 95 per cent of my operations, making the opening upward and forward, so when the animal stands on his feet there will be a curtain hanging over the opening. This will not only help to prevent adhesion, but reduce the chance of prolapsus. I usually enter the abdomen with the first two fingers, but when I deem > it necessary I don’t hesitate to pass the entire hand. I make the opening with the first finger, on the patient’s inspiration. I do not believe the peritoneum perforator to be of any prac- DISCUSSION ON CASTRATION AND SPAYING 627 tical use except to fool and mislead people, if that could be ealled practical. FINDING THE TESTICLE. This is supposed to be the most difficult part of the opera- tion, which is true if the opening is not made in the right place, while if the opening is in the right place it becomes very simple. The hard, cord-like feeling of the spermatic cord, the characteris- tie feeling of the epididymis, the flaccid, yet firm-like, feeling of the testicle and the location of the gubernaculum testis are sufficient to’ locate the testicle. When found it is withdrawn with little difficulty and removed with the emasculator or ecra- seur. Except when cystic or deformed by adhesion, I use no packing or sutures, but have the animal exercised five to ten miles every day to assist drainage and prevent adhesion. IMPORTANT POINTS IN SPAYING. The mare can be*spayed in the same way the ridgling horse is eastrated, bringing the ovary to the outside in the groin and ligating it in plain view or removing it with the émasculator. . In spaying heifers I prefer to go through the linea alba and remove the ovaries with a curved scissor about ten inches long. In spaying any animal I think it bad surgery to remove any part of the uterus unless it presents a diseased condition. I have attempted to set forth in this paper what are, in my opinion, important points in castration and spaying, on which, I freely admit, there is a difference of opinion among good operators. DISCUSSION. Dr. Rogers: I don’t know whether my experience will co- incide with that of the essayist, but: I always put my bitches on what I call my spaying board. When the animal is lying down she is suspended by the hind limbs. I make the incision about the middle of the umbilicus, between the teats, and, while it takes a little longer, I have never in thirty years’ practice had any difficulty with protrusions of the intestines. _ Another point I have observed in the spaying of bitches that will be of some service to an operator not very familiar with fhe work is this: As you have the bitch.on the board and you are standing here, when you put your finger in the cavity—I never infected bitches with my fingers—you almost invariably find the uterus lying toward you. I don’t believe I have ever found it 628 WwW. L. WILLIAMS lying across the median plane, and nine times out of ten as you put your finger in there and hook it up you will almost in- variably hook up the uterus. Dr. DunpHy: I would like to ask for information. Where he made the incision in the female, when he passed his hand up behind Poupart’s hgament—whether he made the incision in the region of the udder, Dr. Betu: Yes. I made the incision in the groin back of the udder, down through the connective tissue, separating it with the two fingers, the first finger of each hand, and then pass the hand down back of Poupart’s ligament and make an incision the same as in the regular horse. It may be necessary to enter as much as three fingers or possibly four, but rarely the thumb, to pick up the ovary. You bring it right straight up and ligate it in plain view. You have got to go on both sides. I operated first on a heifer successfully and turned her loose. She got» well without trouble. Some time later I operated cn a mare in the same way, and had her exercised and treated and she got well without any trouble. Understand, I do not claim this to be a more practical method than going through the vagina. I merely mention it as one of the things in operation that can be done. If there is any reason ‘why you want to bring the ovary to the outside and ligate it, ligate it perfectly safe before removing, you can do this per: fectly well in this way. You can do the same on the fetus. I kept a fetus in a jar, and any time I had to castrate a horse I took the fetus and ran my hand down over it so as to refresh my memory as to where to make the incision. THE BLAND REPORTS UPON EPIZOOTIC ABORTION EXPERIMENTS. W. L.- WILLIAMS. The Bland reports upon abortion experiments are being so extensiv ely cited in America that it seems desirable to place be: fore the readers of the J ournal a summary of them based upon a eareful analysis. The first group of experiments was ‘‘ecarried out in fourteen herds during the period 1911 to 1913.’’ “The second report re- views the 1911-1913 data and adds thirteen herds. — CS ae ae PS Se Oe ee SE ia ne ee el a ee ee eran, ea a co bi hea ep nee THE BLAND REPORTS ON EPIZOOTIC ABORTION EXPERIMENTS 629 The reporter, Mr. G. R. Bland, is Agricultural Organizer for Oxford County, England. Apparently he is not a veterinarian, but seems to hold a position analogus to that of county agricul- tural agent or adviser in the United States. The experiments of Bland are based upon the researches of Sir John McFadyean, Principal of the Royal Veterinary: College at London, and Sir Stewart Stockman, Chief Veterinarian to the Board of Agricul- ture and Fisheries of Great Britain. The principal publications of McFadyean and Stockman consist of a report and appendix thereto, which appeared in 1909, constituting an official report of a commission appointed by the British Government. Some- times their report is cited as that of ‘‘The British Commission’’; sometimes reference is made simply to McFadyean and Stockman. The Bland experiments were carried out in Oxfordshire, in order to test the value of bacterins or killed cultures of B. abortus used on pregnant, and living bacteria upon non-pregnant cows, for the control of abortion. The bacterial cultures for the experiments were supplied gratis from Sir Stewart Stockman’s laboratories. A number of veterinary practitioners assisted by administering the bacterins and vaccines hypodermically. The reader must bear in mind that data on abortion in eattle are at best vague and require unusually careful analysis before attempting to reach even a moderately safe conclusion. All in- vestigators know that abortion—the expulsion of the dead fetus from the uterus—is not a safe or even a good criterion by which to measure the degree of loss caused by infections invading the genital tract. Observed abortions occupy a middle ground among the ravages of genital infections. When the infections are very severe and early, conception is thwarted or the embryo is de- stroyed and absorbed, or expelled when too small to be noted. The infection, acting somewhat more slowly, may cause a visible abortion. Later, however, it may cause a metritis, but premature birth or birth at full term occur. So the abortions observed ¢an only relate to losses occurring in a certain manner and at a cer- tain epoch, and can give only a very poor, and often misleading idea of the health of a herd. Recently I have suggested elsewhere that some definite standard for measuring results in this field should be established, and have proposed that in dealing with the diseases of the genital organs we should take as a standard the average number of months required for the production of a healthy calf, and that our ideal should be one healthy calf per cow for each twelve months. We may then speak in terms of 630 W. L. WILLIAMS breeding months, and can take into consideration each pregnancy existing at the beginning or end of the experiment, with the duration of the pregnancy, and thus arrive at an approximate idea of the actual efficiency. Bland’s method of computing the results is not nee clear. In the 27 herds covered by the two reports, it is stated that 863 non-pregnant cattle were vaccinated with living abortion bacilli, 112 pregnant cattle with killed bacteria (bacterins), and 712 were kept as controls, making a grand total of 1687 individuals. Bland states that many of the dairymen grow no calves and must frequently purchase cows or heifers of dairy age. No data are submitted to show the average duration of time the animals were under observation, and consequently the most vital fact of all, the rate of production, is not revealed. The tabulated summary on page 15 of the 1914-1916 report indicates that 600 cows and heifers were inoculated with live abortion bacilli, of which 99 (16.5%) were sterile, 29 (4.8%) aborted, and 472 (78.7%) ‘‘ealved ecorrectly.’’ While the aver- age duration of experimentation upon the 600 animals is not stated, one may assume, with considerable risk of error, that it was for a period of approximately two years, or for the 600 cows 14,400 breeding months, during which time 472 cows ‘‘calved correctly’’—one ealf was born for each 30.5 breeding months. This is equivalent to 39.3 per cent of the ideal efficiency of one healthy calf each twelve months. Bland fails to define ‘‘calved correctly’’ and offers no grada- tion between that and abortion. Somewhere, there must have been premature births and births at full term with retained placenta, but these are apparently merged into ‘‘aborted’’ or ‘‘ealved correctly’’ and are hidden from view. During 1910 the average rate of abortion in the herds of the 1911-1913 experiments is reported as 28.9 per cent. Of the non- pregnant animals inoculated with the live bacilli, 5.7 per cent aborted, 8.3 per cent were sterile, and 86 per cent “‘calved cor- rectly.’’? Of the pregnant animals given killed bacteria, 15.2 per cent aborted, 10.7 per cent were sterile, and 74.1 per cent ‘‘calved correctly.’’ Bland admits in a footnote that the number of controls barren is not definitely known. Hence the number of controls which ‘‘cealved correctly’’ is also uncertain. If the figures submitted are approximately correct, the efficiency in the controls was 3.3 per cent better than in those treated with bacterins. Assuming Pe a ee THE BLAND REPORTS ON EPIZOOTIC ABORTION EXPERIMENTS 631 that these cows were under observation during two years, there would be in the cows inoculated with living bacilli one calf for each 27.9 breeding months and the breeding efficiency would be 43 per cent of the ideal of one calf each twelve months. By the same standards the pregnant cows treated with bacterins reached 37 per cent and the controls 38.7 per cent of ideal efficiency. On page 11 of the 1911-1913 report it is claimed that the vaccination with live cultures reduced the abortions from 28.9 per cent to 5.7 per cent—23.2 per cent. Among the controls the abortion rate dropped from 28.9 per cent to 18.2 per cent—10.7 per cent. Without any explanation having been offered, it would appear that it would have been more nearly correct to have taken for comparison the abortion rate in the controls, making the equa- tion of 18.2 per cent: 5.7 per cent, instead of 28.9 per cent: 5.7 per cent. In the 1914-1916 report, Bland states: ‘‘Briefly, in one season the treatment has cut down the number of cases of abortion from above 30 per cent to about 5 per cent,’’ but he offers no explanation for the dropping of the abortion rate in the controls from over 30 per cent to 19.7 per cent. When the summary is further studied, it is seen that in the 1914-1916 ex- periments, among the inoculated cows, the abortions—4.8 per cent —with the sterility—16.5 per cent—equaled 21.3 per cent, leav- ing 78.7 per cent to ‘‘calve correctly,’’ while among the controls 19.7 per cent of abortions plus 5 per cent of sterility equaled 24.7 per cent of losses, with 75.3 per cent which ‘‘calved cor- rectly’’—a difference of 3.4 per cent in favor of the inoculated animals. Taken in conjunction with Bland’s statement that bought-in cows: were largely used as controls, which regularly behave badly, the data apparently indicated an actual decrease in efficiency. Similar results are shown by Stockman (Rep. 10th Int. Vet. Cong., p. 352) and quoted by Hadley (Bul. 296, Wis. Ag. Exp. Sta., Sept., 1918, p. 30) in which experiments with living -cul- tures and bacterins are tabulated, showing the following results: “Calved Sterile,etc. Aborted. Correctly.” Inoculated with live bacilli..... 594 17.0%, 5.4%, 17.6% OSCR sal arte ine a a ee 472 8.5%, 21.4%, 70.1% Inoculated with bacterins....... 146 24.6% 15.8% 59.6 % As in the Bland experiments, so in those reported by Stock- “man, any apparent gain in the abortion rate with living bacilli is virtually counterbalanced by increased sterility, leaving a differ- ence in final calvings of but 7.5 per cent. 632 WwW. L. WILLIAMS A very remarkable showing by both Stockman and Bland is _ the large number of pregnant cows which “‘died, were barren, or were sold.’’ It may be quite safely assumed that virtually all of these were ‘‘barren,’’ though classed as ‘‘pregnant’’ at the. time of inoculation. The much-vaunted abortion bacterins make a lamentable showing—less than 60 per cent of calves. On page 7 of the 1914-1916 report, Bland states, ‘‘The ma- jority of the bought-in cows appear to abort unless they were inoculated when empty. It is probable that the high percentage of abortions among the controls for 1914-1916 is due to the inclusion of these bought-in cows.’’ In the United States, it is a common observation that cows or heifers which have recently been purchased and are moved into strange surroundings abort . in much larger proportion than when kept in their usual quarters. On page 10 of the 1911-1913 report, Bland states, ‘‘In most of the herds, it was the exception for a cow which had once aborted to be kept and bred from again.’’ As this is a general custom, the dairymen included in the Bland reports would probably buy aborters, which would be kept as controls. Taking these facts into consideration, the difference in the ratio of the 1911-1913 cows which ‘‘calved correctly’’ among those treated with the living cultures—86 per cent—and those left as controls—77.4 per cent—is not as extreme as at first appears. This is still bet- ter brought out on page 15 of the 1914-1916 report. It appears that, in the animals which were inoculated with living cultures, 78.7 per cent “‘ealved correctly,’’ compared with 75.3 per cent of the controls, a difference of 3.4 per cent in the two groups. The abortion rate is much lower in the inoculated animals than in the controls, but the sterility rate increases, so that the two counter- balance. This summary of results raises the very appropriate and serious question of the effect of inoculating a non-pregnant breed- ing animal with living bacilli which have a selective affinity for the genital tract. Sterility, when due to infection in the genital tract, is, so far as I can see, due to a more virulent infection than is abortion, or it is present at an earlier date, and consequently works to prevent conception. Of course, when observed abortion is taken as the basis of computation, if one injects into a non- pregnant cow bacteria which will prevent conception, he lowers thereby the abortion rate. If it is concluded that the injections © of the living bacilli in the Bland experiments lowered the abor- tion rate, then by the same standards the inoculations raised the Oe, ee ee. a ee ¥ SALICYLIC ACID IN CHRONIC HOG CHOLERA 633 sterility rate and left the reproductive and dairying efficiency of the herd essentially the same. The 1911-1913 report shows that through errors in diagnosis 9 pregnant heifers and 5 preg- nant cows were inoculated with living cultures. The abortion rate in the heifers was 11 per cent; in the cows, 40 per cent. The - 2 aborting cows had aborted the previous year. In the 1911-1913 report, the abortion rate following oR tion of non-pregnant heifers with live cultures was 5.7 per cent, sterile 7 per cent, ‘‘calved correctly’’ 78.3 per cent. When McFadyean and Stockman (Report of the British Com- mission) inoculated pregnant heifers with live bacilli to cause - abortion, 25 per cent aborted;. when Bland inoculated pregnant heifers to prevent abortion, 11 per cent aborted, and among Bland’s control heifers 13.7 per cent aborted. Bland’s reports show also that animals which have aborted one year are sensitized, not immunized, and are more liable to abort the following year than those which calved the preceding year. In the two reports, 183 cows which had aborted the pre- ceding year and were inoculated aborted at the rate of 7.1 per cent, 24 per cent were sterile, and 68.9 per cent calved. Among 30 controls, 30 per cent were sterile, 30 per cent aborted and 40 per cent calved. Of the 14 herds recorded in the 1911-1913 report, 7 herds, representing 29.5 per cent of the total animals, had discontinued the treatment in 1913. Of the 13 herds placed under experi- mentation in 1914-1916, 6 herds, comprising 78.9 per cent of the total number of animals had withdrawn. The reasons for dis- continuing are not stated. So far as I have been able to find, neither McFadyean, Stockman nor Bland recommends the use of bacterins or vaccines except as an interesting experiment. No British maker of biologic products, so far as a search among ad- vertisements in English journals reveals, offers bacterins, vac- cines or other ‘‘cures’’ for ‘‘abortion.’’ SALICYLIC ACID AS A REMEDY FOR CHRONIC HOG CHOLERA. DANIEL. J. HEALY. _ (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station, Lexington, Kentucky.) That hog cholera has been continuously present in the United States for more than fifty years’ is, in all probability, mainly due to the presence of the disease in a chronic form during the inter- 634 D. J. HEALY vals between epidemics of acute cholera. It is estimated that the average animal loss from hog cholera in the United States during the past forty years amounts to $30,000,000,? and competent ob- servers estimate the loss from chronic cholera at from 2 to 20 per cent of this total. The plan of slaughtering infected herds, together -with strict quarantine and disinfection of premises, is entirely unsuitable in this country.’ The diminished supply of pork and its high price, the in- creased cost of feed and the scarcity of labor, the fact that our Food Administration is negotiating with our Allies for the pur- pose of supplementing with pork the beef supplied to their armies, should stimulate the swine producer to remove, in so far as possible, every factor which limits his pork production. | That acute hog cholera may be an important factor limiting pork production has been thoroughly demonstrated. That anti- hog-cholera serum is the best preventive known at the present time for acute cholera also has been thoroughly demonstrated. Chronic hog cholera is a factor limiting pork production, and anti-hog-cholera serum is of no value as a remedy for the chronic form of the disease. In fact, Hoskins advises against the use of the serum in a herd where the disease has assumed the chronic form.* It,is generally conceded that hogs which do not fully recover from cholera should be destroyed, as they remain a con- stant menace to newly purchased and to young animals. Chronic hog cholera resembles, in a general way, the acute form of the disease, yet all the symptoms are much milder and the sick hogs live much longer than do those hogs acutely sick. In the chronic form of the disease the temperature is misleading, the appetite may remain normal for several days and then dis- appear altogether; as a rule, there is diarrhcea and marked emaci- ation, the animal finally dying after several weeks or months. The only postmortem lesions which are characteristic of chronic cholera are ulcers of the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines. Many hogs recover from chronic cholera, remaining stunted in growth, unprofitable, and a source of constant danger to other hogs. : It is therefore evident that a remedy for chronic hog cholera would have a distinet value. In 1881, E. C. Kerrison published an interesting article on salicylic acid as a remedy for foot-and-mouth disease,’® to which the author’s attention was called by Mr. O. M. Shedd, of this station. Salicylic acid is rather remarkable in that it is anti- SALICYLIC ACID IN CHRONIC HOG CHOLERA 635 septic without being distinctly toxic. It has a powerful inhib- itory action upon unorganized ferments. It is unstable in the body, yet when taken internally passes rapidly as sodium sali- eylate into the peripheral blood, and is as rapidly excreted by the kidneys. Synthetic salicylic acid may act as a cardiac de- pressant, due to the presence of ortho-, para- and meta-cresotic acids as impurities. Its action in acute rheumatic fever is almost specific, yet in gonorrheal rheumatism it is of no value whatever. In our own work we have found it remarkably effective in chronic hog cholera, yet with no value whatever in the acute form of the disease. The causative agents of hog cholera and foot-and-mouth disease being both filterable, suggested the possibility of the value ef salicylic acid in hog cholera. In December, 1914, Dr. Robert Graham, who was then in charge of our anti-hog-cholera serum laboratory, selected for the author ten shoats which were suffering -with chronic cholera. These shoats would average about fifty pounds each. Dr. Gra- ham was convinced that the shoats were of no value and should be destroyed. The shoats were placed together in a pen. Twenty grams of salicylic acid were dissolved in three liters of hot water and this solution, diluted with three liters of cold water, was placed in the feeding trough. The shoats drank this solution freely and with relish. Eighty grams of salicylic acid were sus- pended in twelve liters of warm water and two and a half liters of this suspension, diluted with an equal volume of cold water, were given to the shoats twice daily for five days. Treatment was then discontinued for two days. At the end of this period four of the shoats with continued high temperature were again given salicylic acid for six days; the remaining six shoats were turned out on young rye. The weather turned very cold, the temperature falling to 7°F. on the fourth night. On the fifth morning one of the six shoats, A.1430, was found dead. Post- mortem examination showed double lobar pneumonia with no evidence of cholera. The remaining five shoats developed nicely and were sold one month from beginning of treatment. Of the four shoats receiving the second treatment with sali- cylic acid three were normal four days after the second treatment was discontinued and were turned out on young rye. They de- veloped nicely and were sold with the above five shoats. The fourth shoat, A.1416, did not respond to the salicylic acid treat- ment and died on the seventh day. Postmortem examination showed spleen, liver, kidneys, intestines and ileo-cecal valve 636 D. J. HEALY normal. Innumerable abscesses of anterior mediastinal lands. Purulent pleurisy of right side, the pleural cavity containing a quantity of pus. Purulent pneumonia of both lungs, which were riddled with abscesses. Smears made from the lungs did not show mycobacterium tuberculosis. Cause of death, purulent pneumonia. : The following is the temperature record of the ten shoats: Day of | | Treatment 4 (2) 8347-6 8-78 4-9 130 | 12 12|13|14|15|16/17 F 3 11372 A. 1424 .../102)103]102/102/102/100 2 TE seg Tae * A. 1429 .../103/104/102/102'103/103 > ie a BB 4 | * A. 1431 .../103/103/102|103/103]102: Pa, is: ban tem by YR A. 1530 .../103/104/103/103/101/102 4 1/2]4/4{* A. 1586 ...|104/102/102|102/103/101 2 4 4 1 Sis A. 1417 .../106/102)101/102/104/103)104]104|102|102} | | at ee 13 | ye es ee Mm Nei Ae TH LBS 2 (40312041205 106 105 107 106 105 104 102] - 1102 ‘ A. 1523 °...{103;103/103 wastage 103|103/102/102 Sa oe bet. + A. 1430 .../101/103/103/103/102/102 isoaita ie We OO wie Be oe we Be Ae UA oe ote lo A. 1416 Nerd uh acs hs ka Wal ea! cas sh Sieh Lied de wh ot tgs 103/104 *Turned out on rye. + Died. Eight shoats made complete recoveries and two died, one of double lobar pneumonia and.one of purulent pneumonia. Dr. Graham again selected for the author seven hogs which were suffering with chronic cholera. These hogs averaged about one hundred and sixty pounds each and Dr. Graham was con- vineced that they were of no value and should be destroyed. These hogs were placed together in a pen. Eighty grams of salicylic acid were suspended in twelve liters of warm water and two and a half liters of this suspension, diluted with an equal volume of cold water, were given to the hogs twice daily for five days. Two days after discontinuing treatment six of these hogs, evidently well, were turned over to Dr. Graham, who later used arse as serum producers. . One hog, A. 1577, was so sick on beginning treatment that it refused the salicylic acid solution and died on the third day. The following is the temperature record of the seven hogs: ee ge ae en ee Sie ot ie eee er: i ase Bae re aa ; , J As Ves | i email “Seek = corp aaa eee Ne ae ee Te Ie « & Ory a Res one SE ast Sor ee ene Es ae See Tle oat SALICYLIC ACID IN CHRONIC HOG CHOLERA 637 Day of Treatment Ly 2 lS ee hey petg | | eM re SN ekg CEO e's 6 op vio obs dob eleie ho eee Lee 104 103 102 102|102|103 Se MALABAR A oe a ie Ere My erie MES gt Le 103 105 152 101}101/102 OME WU ale Gr has oi 6 beieeeid oe eds cee Wee be Oe be 103 102 101 101|100/103 OR OM cent gy ea Nie be 6 5b Sie! a v bua keke ced o's 's v bcd beeen 103 103/}101/102/102/101 EN SE ES eee Pe gear RU gC ae 5 Brag RRA NG Do 102 102)101)101)101)103 TRO re el er Peaks koe Nea e kk wha utes 104 104 101 101/100/102 Se Ol he oe is POAT EN Cv oe ks dae bey as EDO es 104 105 * Six hogs made complete recoveries and one, receiving no treatment, died. To test the value of salicylic acid in acute hog cholera, three shoats were selected and given, by hypodermic injection, 2 ec each of cholera virus. Beginning four days later, salicylic acid solu- tion was given twice daily until they were too sick to drink. These shoats all died within ten days, and postmortem examina- tions showed acute cholera in each case. _ Again, four shoats weighing about seventy-five pounds each were selected and 2 ce of cholera virus given to each by hypo- dermic injection. Beginning five days later, salicylic acid solu- tion was given twice daily until they were too sick to drink. These shoats died within twelve days, and postmortem examina- tions showed acute cholera. Again, twelve shoats. weighing from sixty to eighty-five pounds each were selected and 2 ce of cholera virus given by hypodermic injection to each. Beginning the following day, salicylic acid solution was given twice daily for five days. Eight of these shoats died within twelve days and postmortem examinations showed acute cholera. Twelve days after the administration of © virus four of these hogs looked fairly well and were again given salicylic acid solution twice daily for ten days. These four shoats made complete recoveries. They were evidently developing chronic cholera and the second treatment with salicylic acid proved successful. The following is the temperature record of these four shoats: Day of Sickness 10/11 ])12113|14/15/|16/17/18/19 4 Ti) 2 ee eS oe EPO Na Gy wining Sse wa 5 «bn i'd eS aceeo ews 105/105/102/102/102/102/103/103/102/102 31516) 4 Lei 404 2 RS TARR oR aa ca PR a Sa Mt a 104/104/103/102|103/103/103|102|103/103 ; es ee a es il ee ee Se ee a ba 4 I Sy rk 5 ins 6 Ab 6 x. 0's ws ecere vie 104|104|103/102/101|102/102/102|102|102 a0 3; 2)2)/ 1121213 ),5 1) 41.2 a a ti'af is Sid) 6 Soho go's tise 's'0' a se 6 104/105/102/103/103/102/102|102/103/103: Note—The seccnd salicylic acid treatment from the 12th to the 22nd days. 638 D. J. HEALY SUMMARY. Hog A. 1577, of the second experiment, may be eliminated, as it received no salicylic acid. This leaves twenty hogs with chronic cholera receiving salicylic acid. Eighteen, or 90 per cent, of them, recovered and developed nicely. On the other hand, fifteen hogs with acute cholera, receiving salicylic acid, all died. It therefore appears that the author found salicylic acid a distinctly effective remedy in chronic hog cholera, although of no value whatever in the acute form of the disease. REFERENCES. * Farmers’ Bulletin No. 834, August, 1917. 2 Ibid. * U.S. Dep’t Agric. Bul. No. 584, October, 1917. * Hog cholera and the use of serum, H. Preston Hoskins, Agric. Extension Division, Univ. of Minn. Spec. Bul. No. 2, July, 1915. 5 Remedy for Foot and Mouth Disease, Sir E. C. Kerrison, Jour. Roy. Agric. Soc., Vol. xvii, Second Series, London, 1881, p. 89. THE CAMOUFLAGED COW. About the best story of the art of camouflage I have seen, and one that will appeal more directly to the readers of the Journal, is given in one of Glasgow’s papers. Here it is: So as not to ruffle the censor I have withheld for over two years this true story of the Western Front told me by an R. E. officer. In the earlier days of trench warfare a cow was killed in No Man’s Land. For several days it lay between the British and German lines. Then our engineers had a brilliant thought. With steel sheets, other materials, and a judicious use of paint they constructed an object to resemble the dead cow and under cover of night substituted it for the rotting carcass. A tunnel and telephone were then quietly run out to the steel cow, which could hold a man comfortably inside; by using the eyes as spy-holes our men were supplied with a valuable observation post that enabled them to spot in safety and with accuracy the movements of the enemy at that part of the line. As showing how thor- oughly the work of camouflage was done the outside of the imita- tion animal was each night smeared with a syrupy substance, thus attracting all day a dense crowd of flies, to the complete hood- winking of the unsuspecting enemy.—Meat Trades Journal. CLINICAL AND CASE REPORTS. PARASITIC DISEASES. S. HADWEN. In the February number of the ‘‘ Veterinary Journal’’ there appears an article by Captain E. M. Jarvis on ‘‘ Exotic Lymphan- gitis,’? which he defines as an inoculable disease through the agency of Amblyommid ticks. ‘‘The disease is characterized by suppuration, ulceration and necrosis.’ Captain Jarvis believes that the lesions are caused by a va- riety of microorganisms, including ‘‘the Priesz-Nocard, the Cryp- toeoccus farciminosus, the bacillus Necrophagus and Staphy- lecocci,’’ and that these organisms are introduced through the agency of the mouth parts of the ticks. | He is especially suspicious of those belonging to the genus Amblyomma, and he thinks that, as these ticks have very long mouth parts, they pierce the whole integument, and reach sub- eutaneous layers, where the bacteria can easily set up the lesions which he has described. This short review of Captain Jarvis’ work helps to illustrate what I am about to say concerning some troubles we have on the western slopes of the Rocky Mountains in Canada. For a number of years past we have had outbreaks of fistulous withers and poll evil among unbroken range horses. _ These outbreaks frequently appeared early in the season, and we have been at a loss hitherto to explain the predisposing causes. There are, of course, a number of ways, known to all of us, in which these troubles begin, such as through blows and bruises; and the horse owners have had an idea that stallions were respon- sible for some of the trouble, since they frequently bite animals in the region of the withers. It is, however, impossible to explain _ in such ways the large number of cases that arise. Since I have read Captain Jarvis’ article | am convinced that ticks play an important role in producing fistulous withers. The following facts will bear out my contention: Note: Part of address delivered at Philadelphia meeting of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 640 CLINICAL AND CASE REPORTS Dermacentor albipictus would appear to be the worst offender, and possibly also D. venustus. D. albipictus is commonly ealled the ‘‘Winter’’ tick; and in some regions of British Columbia, especially where poll evil and fistulous withers are common, horses are heavily infested with these ticks. The favorite seat for attachment is along the whole length of . the mane, from the poll to the withers. If an animal is examined when a heavy infestation is present, it will be noted that at each point of attachment there is a necrotic spot if the tick has been attached for a few days. The necrosing action following the bites of D. albipictus on horses may be as great as the after-effects of the bites of D. ven- ustus, which have been well studied in other animals. It is easy to see that these necrotic spots should be a favorable point of entrance for bacteria. at Dermacentor venustus (male) Dermacentor venustus (female) In connection with the bites of D. venustus, it is noticeable that some time after the tick has attached, the animal feels a considerable amount of irritation, which is manifested by biting, seratching or rubbing. This, no doubt, further aids the introduc- tion of bacteria. This pruritus persists for very long periods, and ‘in man lasts for some months. A very good description of the necrosing and other effects following the bites of D. venustus is given in the Journal of ‘Parasitology, by McCaffrey (1916). The accompanying photograph shows a child with a tick bite on the neck. The parents informed me that this child had been scratching the bite for over a year. - CLINICAL AND CASE REPORTS 641 It is a well-known fact that ticks inject an anti-coagulin when they attach, and that they also produce a necrosing action to the surrounding tissues. Future experiments will decide just what occurs. In summing up, it would appear that, owing to the habit which Dermacentors have of attaching in the region of the mane of horses, it is probable that that may be the cause of producing more damage than we have hitherto suspected. PREVENTIVE MEASURES. - ; Seeing that Dermacentors attach by preference to the base of the mane, it would be, I should think, a comparatively easy para- site to treat for. The principal thing to avoid would be the Tick Bite on Neck of Child application of substances liable to injure the skin. In reading Steele’s book on the diseases -of sheep, I find the following dress- ‘ings, which used to be applied years ago to sheep in Scotland. Shepherds have informed me that these dressings were applied for a double purpose: one, to destroy any parasites which hap- pened to be on the skin, and the other purpose being to increase the shedding power of the wool against rain. The dressings must have been of a mild and non-irritant nature, as I am informed 642 CLINICAL AND CASE REPORTS that the skin of the animals was completely saturated with them. As these dressings contain much oil, they should be quite lasting, and be both repellant and fatal to ticks when applied. © Butter and lard, each, 18 pounds. Resin, 12 pounds. Gallipoli oil, 1 gallon. Or the following may be used: Train or seal oil, 4 gallons. Tar, % gallon. Oil of turpentine, 1 pound.* Mix and rub in well after shearing. AN INTERESTING CASE, PROBABLY OF MILK FEVER COMPLICATIONS. I was called upon recently to examine a valuable cow; she had calved the night before, and the next morning the calf was behind her, although she was left as usual before the owner re- tired to rest. On the next morning she was lying and rising in great agony and moaning very heavily. The local empiric was sent for, and he, with his usual quickness, diagnosed pneumonia. He applied mustard all over the body, and on his further exam- ination, found a very sore foot also; he washed out same with Jeyes’ fluid and hot water, and said she would now soon be well. She continued in the same condition until evening, getting no better, and apparently sicker and suffering great pain, moaning and restless. A neighbor of the owner called to see the valuable cow, as he heard she was not well, and on seeing her, expressed the opinion she was very ill, and that ‘‘the quack was all right for simple things, but it was better to have a qualified man’s opinion, as she was a great cow.’’ I was sent for, and on arriving at the byre found animal standing, and moaning very heavily. Temperature was about 102 degrees, pulse was thready, respira- tions labored ; she had a serious discharge from the vulva, and as I have already said, she was found in this position when we ar- rived in the morning. I washed my arm with an antiseptic, ex- amined her uterus, found, in my opinion, everything normal. In case of infection being present, I passed into uterus a pessary Oe SRS GRORS Carb nein Aber ae) DESL Tee eet ea a eae CLINICAL AND CASE REPORTS 643 of iodoform and boric acid. She still continued to moan and breathe heavily, then lay down, and after she lay for about fifteen minutes I attempted to raise her. She appeared to rise with difficulty, and staggered somewhat. I then thought of milk fever complications. I gave her the oxygen treatment, per udder, and treated her as a case of milk fever. I left, and said I would return in three or four hours afterwards. On my return I was informed she lay down, and apparently slept, and on several occasions she arose very quickly and continued her moan- ing, and when she lay she was particularly ill, and moaning. I then loosened her teats and bathed her udder with an antiseptic wash. I then directed her to get a drink, and with a smile they said: ‘‘We have been coaxing her all day to take a drink, and she refused.’’ However, I said: ‘‘Try her once more,’’ and to the great surprise of all, she took it, and shortly afterwards started to chew her cud, and when I left she was still ruminating. The byre was full of neighbors, among them the empiric himself, and I think his great name had got a hard blow, and on expression of his opinion to do this and that, the courtesy shown him was not the usual. I saw her next morning, and she was as usual, and has continued so ever since. The owner, who was a great supporter of this empiric, said it was a straight win for the professional man, and gave a severe knock to ignorance and quackery.—J. McBirney, M. R. C. V. S., Rathfriland, in the Veterinary News. | NOTE ON THE OCCURRENCE OF FILARIA PAPILLOSA. The following note may be of interest to some of our readers, although the specimen was secured some time ago by the writer from the aqueous humor of a horse’s eye. About nine days prior to its extraction it was observed by the owner of the animal to be about one-sixteenth of an inch in length. At the time of oper- ation, however, it appeared to be fully developed, being in the neighborhood of 50 mm long, and was probably a male parasite. | The following are a few brief observations relative to what is known of Filaria papillosa, and its connection with ‘‘verminous ophthalmia.’’ The members of the order, ‘‘ Nematoda,’’ to which _ this parasite belongs, are quite numerous, being found in all the organs of the domestic animals, with the exception of the bones and the nervous system. 644 , - - CLINICAL AND CASE REPORTS Abildgaard gave to his parasite the name Filaria equina, while Filaria, palillosa was the one given to it by Rudolphi. Its description, according to Neumann, is as follows: Body long, filiform, white, attenuated at poth ends, and especially ‘behind. Mouth small and provided with a chitinous infundibuliform ring, the border of which is divided into four rounded and salient ‘papillae; outside this ring are four sub-median papillae, in the form of spinules. Male, 6 cm to 8 cm long; tail curved in a spiral manner, and ‘having eight. papillae: on each .side, of which there are four pre-anal, and four post-anal; two unequal spiculae in a transparent sheath. Female 9 cm to 15 cm long; tall, slightly spiral, and terminated in a papilla preceded by two others. Vulva situated near the anterior ex- tremity. Ovoviparous. , rene Na det It appears that the presence of a worm in the interior of the eye of a horse was reported for the first time, in 1622, by Spigel. In 1773, a century and a half later, Domingo Rayo, a Spanish ‘veterinarian, mentions a similar occurrence in a mule and a horse. “In 1762, there was exhibited in Philadelphia a horse that liad, so it was reported, ‘‘a living serpent in its eye.’’ A similar ob- ‘servation was made by Sick at Vienna in 1804. Since that date, the condition, ‘‘Intra-ocular helminthiasis,’’ has been observed on several occasions, both in this country and in Europe; although the late Prof. William Williams, of Edinburgh, Scotland, has stated that it is unknown in Great Britain. It would appear, so far as we can ascertain, that these filariae are most common in Bengal, Upper India, Madras, Ceylon, ete., and up to the borders of Burmah. They seem to be more frequent in certain localities than in others, and are observed mostly during the cold season, and when rain has been abundant. Kennedy was the first to make mention of the condition in the eyes in horses in India, and more recently, details have been furnished by other observers, including Percival, who, in 1825, stated that ‘‘in low, ‘humid situations in India, where fogs are prevalent, and where ‘there is stagnant water, especially after an unusually wet season, ‘worm in the eye’ is a very common occurrence. It is also seen in other parts during the cold months, from the beginning of October to the latter end of February. The symptoms seem to be conjunctivitis, the cornea obscured by “nebulous effusion,’ the eyelids closed, and photophobia. On close inspection, a small white worm can be discerned floating in the aqueous humor, at one time rising to the superior, at another, sinking to the bottom part, of the chamber.’’ (The symptoms observed in the writer ‘3 4 case were the presence of the threadlike nematode actively swim- ming about in the aqueous humor, and opalescence of the cornea, only.) CLINICAL AND CASE REPORTS 645 Paszotta has observed that the eye-filaria may die and become absorbed in five or six weeks. Although ophthalmia due to filariae in the interior of the eye ‘has been observed most frequently in equines and bovines, some exceptional instances have been recorded as occurring in the sheep, dog, chicken, and goose. It is claimed by some authorities that the Filaria papillosa ‘usually lives in the peritoneum of the horse; but Rudolphi has ‘also found this parasite in the sub-peritoneal and inter-muscular connective tissue of the abdominal walls. Other observers have ‘discovered it in the sub-arachnoideal space, in the substance of the diaphragm, as well as some other tissues of the body. In ‘stagnant waters in India, both the parasites and their ova are said to be abundantly found, and that they find their way into the animals’ bodies along with the drinking water, either in the fully developed state, or as ova. _ As Filaria papillosa seems to have been discovered in such a ‘variety of habitats, when found in the eye it may be looked upon as an ‘‘erratic’’ parasite; that is, found in the adult stage in an organ different from that which constitutes its usual haunt. The course by which the filariae of the horse find their way to their final location seems not to be definitely known. It may be presumed, however, that the blood-stream would be a most likely vehicle, especially for the conveyance of the ova to distant parts, they being, necessarily, extremely minute in size; and develop- ment completed in the ultimate location—the anterior chamber of ‘the eye. While similar occurrences may have been observed in dif- ferent parts of the country, the writer thinks they must have been somewhat rare, as, during a period of thirty years in the South, the case alluded to is the only one seen by him in that time. W. H. D. GANGRENOUS DERMATITIS. From the return it will be observed that a total of 68 donkeys treated were exhibiting a condition which I have termed Gang- renous Dermatitis. This condition has proved very refractory to cure, and has caused considerable inconvenience to the units concerned. More especially has this been the case with the donkeys of the animal transport, L. of C., where at one time 30 per cent of their total strength were under treatment and incapacitated from duty. 646 CLINICAL AND CASE REPORTS The disease, as it almost invariably presents itself, is localized to the skin and underlying tissue in the region of the heel and coronary band, but from the original site, if not treated early and energetically, spreads rapidly in all directions and invades the deeply-lying structures, tendons, ligaments, and even bones. Unfortunately in most cases, more especially in donkeys, where the difficulties of detecting the lesion in its initial stages are great, the disease may be in existence for a day or two, and there is marked lameness when the animals are brought in for treatment. The local lesion is a necrotic gangrenous wound of variable size, met with usually in the region of the heel; there is a very persistent foul-smelling purulent discharge of a greyish color, in which may be found small particles of dead tissue. The edges of the wound are rugged, not well defined, and of a necrotic character. The gangrenous necrosis spreads with alarming rapidity, and within 24 hours of first being noticed the wound may have doubled its circumference and burrowed so deeply that eertain important underlying structures have become involved, such as tendon and tendon-sheaths, with a corresponding increase of pain and a corresponding decrease in the prospects of an ultimate recovery. In fact, when once the necrotic process has invaded the tendon-sheaths or other underlying structures, destruction is the only course indicated. Treatment.—The necrosis and gangrene must be arrested and the adjacent and still healthy tissue encouraged to throw off the attached gangrenous slough. For this purpose I have found the application of pure turpen- tine to the wound and the removal of all loose tissue to have a most marked effect. The turpentine is not only a strong penetrating antiseptic, but has a decidedly stimulating action on the adjacent healthy tissue, causing a well-marked leucocytosis and, in favorable cases, within 48 hours, sloughing of the dead tissue, leaving a healthy granu- lating surface underneath. As soon as the slough has separated and granulations well advanced, there is no danger of a further extension of the ne- erosis, and the healing process goes on uninterruptedly. In conjunction with the above I use the following liniment soaked in cotton wool and bandaged to the part: ABSTRACTS 647 Ol. Tereb..... Cx ee, ee eee UIXid eo applied Rome Acid @ a0... ,.. Of. 41 twice Tar or Disinfect. Fluid. .oz. i daily. eet. 80... oe ot. OZ. XX1V This application has the effect of encouraging healthy granu- lations and rapid recovery. The mortality from this condition has been rather high in donkeys, firstly, from the usually advanced state of the necrosis before treatment is commenced, and, secondly, owing to the donkey propensity for licking and eating wounds great diffi- culty is experienced in keeping the parts bandaged and the wounds free from flies. This treatment has given quite satisfactory results, and cer- tainly is superior to other forms I have tried in the past.—Capt. W. W. Henderson, Veterinary Officer, Port Amelia, in Veter- inary Journal. ABSTRACTS. THE CERUMINOUS GLANDS OF THE PIG AND CAT. A. Mensa, having studied the ceruminous glands of the auditory passages in the pig and cat, communicated his results to the Archivio Scientifico di Medicina Veterinaria in 1914. The ceruminous glands are of two kinds, viz.: (1) the tubular, which are analagous to the sudoriparous glands of the common integument, but adapted to the production of different material, and (2) the clustered glands, analagous to the cutaneous seba- ceous glands, and with the same histological constitution. The numerical relation of the two varieties of glands varies according to the species of animal. The tubular glands are absent in some of the mammalia; but both varieties are encountered in the cat and the pig. In the cat they are in almost equal proportions, except as regards the size of elements. In the pig there is an evident numerical dispro- portion, the sebaceous glands being distinctly the more numerous. For this reason, a uniformity of relations is observed in the eat which does not exist in the pig. The author finds that the glands in the cat are in corresponding series, the sebaceous glands 648 ABSTRACTS | being superposed to the tubular ones; one group of tubular glands corresponds to every group of sebaceous glands, and their rela- tions of contiguity do not vary throughout. In a few instances there are exceptions to this rule, from absence or a lesser number of the tubular glands, The sebaceous glands are always very well developed in the eat. The disposition of these glands corresponds to that of the analagous cutaneous glands. The tubular glands are of great extent and very ample. Their excretory canals, according to Lunghetti, constantly open into the hair follicles. Mensa, how- ever, believes that in the majority of instances they open on the cutaneous surface, and less frequently in the hair follicles. The characters described as pertaining to the ceruminous glands in the cat are also of general application to the glands in the pig; but there are some exceptions. In summarizing these, Mensa says that the glands in the pig-are very inferior to those of | the cat in the number and in the extension of the glandular groups; nor are the glandular elements so well developed. The tubular glands in the pig are of less ample lumen and are less deeply situated than in the cat, in-which animal they occupy the hypodermie connective zone bordering upon the perichondrium. In the pig, the presence of an adipose zone behind the tubular glands is noticed. In the pig, even-more frequently than in the cat, the tubular glands open freely on the cutaneous surface. The very debateable question. of the genesis of the cerumen is connected with the existence of these two varieties of glands in the auditory passage. Mensa thinks that the sebaceous glands discharge the protective function of the passage and of the tym- panic membrane, while the other glands only produce the yellow- grey pigment which imparts the color to the cerumen, and also a liquid secretion which keeps the area of the external passage humid.—( Revista de Higiene y Samdad. Pecuarus. )—Veterinary Record. HORSE DEMOBILIZATION. It is well known that the Germans for years before the war were buying thousands of horses a year from England and Tre- land. At one time a representative of the German Government was specially engaged to visit English race meetings, where he was a constant bidder for, and frequent purchaser of, winners of selling races. He did not stop at actual winners, but was pre- Se ee ey mI (here ees i a i Se Se aS —T-. a 3 il ABSTRACTS 649 pared to buy other horses. The one stipulation in buying for the German Government was that the horses should be sound in wind and limb. In addition to this special buying of the German Government there were numerous other agents picking up likely animals for the Fatherland. But with all this preparation we were able to beat the German even so far as the employment of horses was concerned. The work of horses in warfare does not start and end with the cavalry forces. The real value of the horse lies in transport and artillery work. Motor power has not supplanted horse power. The full value of motor power depends upon the provision of good roads. But with modern guns, in modern warfare, you cannot depend. upon good roads, and here it was that the horses came in. The value of the services of horse power in the war is ac- knowledged by Sir Douglas Haig as follows: ‘‘If in March, 1918, the equine force of Germany had been on the same scale, and as efficient, as the British equine force, the Germans would un- questionably have succeeded in breaking through between the French and the British armies, and inflicted a defeat so great that recovery might have been. impossible.’? __ Now those horses that have done such good work are to be sold. Fifty thousand have been handed over to the Belgian Government and no doubt the devastated districts of France will take at least a similar number. But between now and the end of January 25,000 are to be offered by auction in various parts of England.—People. SERUM OF LECLAINCHE AND VALLEE. Leclainche and Vallée, in La Presse Medicale of April 2, 1917, published a new communication upon the methods of using their polyvalent serum. Their account is based upon the very numer- ous applications of the serum which have been made in the course of the war; and they. state that it may be employed by local a Slieations upon infected surfaces and by subcutaneous injec- tions when post-traumatic infections are present. The two meth- ods of application are dealt with separately. Local applications. The use of the serum excludes that of antisepties, which, in addition to the coagulating and neutral- izing actions which some of them exercise, almost always have the 650 ABSTRACTS disadvantage of depressing and paralyzing the organic cells. This latter action is essentially antagonistic to that which the serum is desired to effect. ee The serum must be brought into contact with the anatomical elements; and therefore it is necessary to free the wound from the various elements which cover it by a minute washing with boiled water. | The testimonies of medical men who have employed the serum on the prescribed lines are completely favorable. P. and L. Bazy write, ‘‘In wounds which cannot be completely united by sutures, we apply the polyvalent serum freely, obtaining excellent results. The healing processes are not painful, the flesh is well preserved, the lips of the wound remain admirably flexible, and very rapid granulation commences at its base.’’ On the other hand, Prof. Quénu, summarizing the results of various surgeons, decides that ‘the polyvalent serum causes a considerable diminution of sup- puration.’’ At the same time a greater activity in the epider- mization of the edges of the wound, a lessened sensitiveness, and an improvement of the general condition with descent of the temperature, are observed. These conclusions are applicable both to war wounds and those which result from the opening of phlegmons, anthrax lesions, ete. It is recognized, however, that ‘‘discrimination is necessary in the treatment of septic wounds, and that it is sometimes de- sirable not to perpetuate the same formula of treatment.’’ It is known today, for instance, that the Bacillus pyocyaneus, which is often resistent to the polyvalent serum, yields marvellously to a weak solution of nitrate of silver. Cazin and Mdlle..Krongold say, ‘‘ When the beusAciat action of the polyvalent serum, locally applied, does not manifest itself rapidly and evidently, it is useless to continue this treatment.’’ In these circumstances the microbial flora of the wound include at least one microbe that is not comprised among the numerous forms used for obtaining the serum. It follows from this that the polyvalence of the serum is always being improved by the introduction of microbial types isolated from war wounds. Subcutaneous injection. In the hands of Prof. Lagneu, Cazin, Vautrin, Gosset, Berger and Bergeron, and Prof. Delbet and Prof. Quénu, who have studied its employment, the polyvalent serum has shown itself a very valuable agent against infections and toxic complications of large wounds. Cazin concludes from his expe- rience that in particularly serious cases in which he has had ® ABSTRACTS 651 recourse to the serum the results have been very favorable, for he has observed a progressive and sufficiently rapid descent of the temperature with an improvement in the general condition. And Quénu adds, ‘‘It is impossible to deny that sero-therapy has contributed much to the treatment of gravely affected septicemic patients.’’ It appears to be as an anti-streptococcic agent that the serum acts in circumstances. | The hypodermic use of the serum (either alone or in con- junction with local treatment by means of the serum or some other agent) is also very valuable in the prevention of operative complications following operations in infected ground. Prof. Delbet uses the serum in doses of 30 ce daily in poly- microbial infections. He says that in certain cases high doses appear to him to have a notable action, and his impression is that they have saved the lives of some patients. Hypodermic injections of this serum entail no danger of seric or anaphylactic accidents. The conclusions of the Academy of Medicine, ete., are completely assuring on this point. Leclainche and Vallée manufacture their serum at the labo- ratories of the Alfort Veterinary School, and hitherto it has been used solely for the necessities of the war. It is well, however, to follow its present evolution; for in time of peace it will be of great utility, and will then be available to all the world.—Revista de Higiene y Sanidad Pecuarias. CORRECTION. In the Extra Edition, January 15, 1919, under the list of Presidents, page 485, President V. A. Moore’s address was in- adverently given as ‘‘New York, N. Y.,’’ instead of New York, only, as referring to the State. rs Also, on page 420, reference to the address of welcome should have been the November Journal; and to the response, the Octo- ber Journal, instead of the reverse, as printed in the Extra _ Edition. ARMY VETERINARY SERVICE. Dr. T. B. Harries writes from Wessex Divisional Veterinary Hospital, Romsey, Hants, England, that he is now stationed there with a divisional unit. This is his first experience with a hospital, as he has been with the artillery in the British Salonica force operating in Macedonia until the armistice of Bulgaria was signed. Captain Harries hopes to be sent to France, but he thinks his chance of serving on the western front are very slight. Captain Harries was with the party of veterinarians that went to Europe to attend the International Veterinary Congress in London in 1914. At the outbreak of war he stayed in England and joined the British veterinary force and has been in active service ever since. Captain Harries’ home is in Calgary, Canada. Dr. R. E. Ouderkirk received an honorable discharge as second lieutenant in the Veterinary Corps in December and has returned to his practice at Reynolds, Il. Lieutenant Colonel D. S. White, V. C., has been aa to the rank of full colonel. Second Lieutenant Hursh R. Yost was promoted to a first lieutenaney in October. He is a transport veterinarian, with headquarters at Newport News, Va., and has just returned after having taken a load of horses and mules to France. The necessity for good animals in France may cause a continuance of such transportatfon. Dr. George E. Golden, second lieutenant, Company 47, Bat- talion 12, Camp Greenleaf, Chickamauga Park, Georgia, writes the Journal in a very optimistic strain with reference to his life | in military training camp, and remarks he never felt better in his life. The Doctor gives us an idea as follows, what a day’s work consists of, which should keep any man in perfect condition, morally, mentally and physically, and submits a ee showing a few hours of recreation: a ee ee ee ARMY VETERINARY SERVICE 653 Saturday A.M. Bugle blows (get up). 5:30 AM. Roll call. g 8 te at 45 A.M Policn duty ( : fe) 3 .M. olice duty (cleaning streets, making beds, etc.). ~ER S iret ety cps ve hovel epmpeny drill. ™ , : fe) : .M. ectures (army regulations and veterinary subjects). 9:00 to 11:00 A.M. Battalion drill. ms J ) 11:00 to 12:00 M. Dinner. 12:00 to 12:45 P.M. Police duty (clean company street). 12:45 to 1:00 P.M. Cavalry drill. 1:00 to 3:30 P.M. Detachment drill. 700 to 5:20 P.M. Supper. ’ 5:30 to 6:10 P.M. Study period. 6:30 to 8:30 P.M. Our own time until bugle blows, then lights out. 8:30 to 9:30 P.M. Examination. ~“N The above picture was taken November 3, 1918, on Umbrella Rock, point of Lookout Mountain, Chattanooga, Tenn. Reading from left to right—Second Lieutenants McCoy, Miller, Golden, Pottle, Matter and Brown. : A subsequent note from the Doctor states that he has been honorably discharged from military service and will resume his duties immediately with the Bureau of Animal Industry, Des Moines, Iowa. The very efficient service performed by the British Army Veterinary Corps during the war has been recognized by the king of England, who, by royal warrant, issued November 27, ex- pressed his great satisfaction with the work of the corps during the war and commanded that it shall hereafter enjoy the distine- tion of ‘‘Royal’’ and shall be elevated to the status of a ‘‘ Royal Corps.’’ Consequently, it will be known henceforth as the Royal Army Veterinary Corps. 654 ARMY VETERINARY SERVICE The war office memorandum to Major General L. J. Blenkin- sop, director general of the British Army Veterinary Services, announcing the action of the king, recited that ‘‘the corps by its initiative and scientific methods has placed military veterinary organization on a higher plane. The high standard which it has maintained at home and throughout all theaters has resulted in a reduction of animal wastage, an increased mobility of mounted units and a mitigation of animal suffering unapproached 1 in any previous military operations.’’ American veterinarians, and especially those in our own army, will rejoice in this tribute to their English colleagues, who have so richly deserved it. C. J. M. Lieutenant W. W. Yard of Denver, Col., who, after finishing his training at Camp Greenleaf, was transferred to Camp Lee, was later sent ‘‘overseas’’ to the A. E. F. Dr. Ray W. Gannett of Brooklyn had an interesting article in the Brooklyn Standard Union on Army Veterinary Service, and incidentally strongly condemned newspapers and journals for carrying the advertisements of correspondence veterinary schools. Major Robert C. Musser, Veterinary Corps, with the 8th Division, while on his way across the continent from Camp Fre- mont, contracted pneumonia. Fortunately, he made a good re- covery and expects to be with the division soon.. ASSOCIATION NEWS. AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. Treasurer Jacob has purchased for the American Veterinary Medical Association $3,000.00 worth of Liberty Bonds as di- rected by the Executive Board. He will also purchase the cor- responding amount of Canadian government bonds. Treasurer Jacob has forwarded through Colonel D. S. White, Chief of the, American Army Veterinary Service in France, a sum of $2,500 to be paid to Prof. Vallée. This amount is to be presented to Professor Vallee by Colonel White and also by the ranking Canadian veterinary officer on behalf of the American Veterinary Medical Association and is to be expended for the relief of needy veterinarians of the allied countries. MAYOR BEHRMAN PROMISES COOPERATION. | New Orleans, La., December 16, 1918. Dr. W.-H. Dalrymple, Roumain Building, - Baton Rouge, La. My dear Doctor: I have your communication of the 14th inst. advising that the American Veterinary Medical Association has favored New Or- leans for its next meeting place, and that it will convene here October 13 of next year. I shall gladly codperate with you in every way in the direction of making the convention a very successful one. With best wishes, I am, Yours very truly, MartIN BEHRMAN, Mayor. SECRETARY’S OFFICE. One of the problems that has confronted the Secretary, as well as the Editor of the Journal, has been the difficulty in 656 AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION keeping track of the members that were in the army service during the past two years. Now that many of the veterinarians are being discharged from the service, it is important that they advise the Editor of the Journal and the Secretary of their new address in order that a record may be kept. It will be of great assistance if this is done promptly. Another very important item is that the Secretary desires to secure the name and rank of every member of the Association that has been in service, in order that this may be made a perma- nent record on the Secretary’s books. In many instances mail addressed to members has been returned marked ‘‘in the army”’ but without any other information. It is earnestly hoped that every veterinarian in the service will send in his service record promptly. Captains Longley and McGuire and Major Stokes have se- cured 253 applications for membership in the A. V. M. A. from the veterinarians in training at Camp Greenleaf, Ga. These officers certainly deserve the ‘‘distinguished service medal’’ of the A. V. M. A. for their work in securing new members last year and this. We feel sure that all members of the Association appreciate their efforts. Captain Longley has recently been dis- charged and has returned to his home in California. In December more than fifteen hundred letters were sent out to members who had not made remittance for their 1918 dues. A large number here responded to the appeal, and it is earnestly hoped that all will do so. _ Two instances have come to the attention of the Secretary where families of deceased A. V. M. A. members seemed to be in need of assistance. The cases were referred to the Relief Com- mittee and given prompt attention. The following letter, suggested by President Moore, has been sent to all Resident Secretaries. It is so important that we feel that all members will be interested in it: ‘To the Resident State Secretaries: The by-laws of the new constitution of the Association defines the duties of the Resident Secretaries in Section 2 of Article 18 as follows: ‘‘Each Resident Secretary shall codperate with the — REE OTS TRE DIS Te eS Se ee AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 657 Committee on Intelligence and Education and shall aid the Presi- dent, Secretary and Editor of the Journal in such manner as they shall direct.’’ It is clear, therefore, that the Resident Secretaries are important agents for the good of the Association. We are in a period of reconstruction where every organization is being examined to ascertain what it is doing to meet after-war conditions. The purpose of the A. V. M. A. is to build up an efficient veterinary service in America. It stands for educa- tional, civic and professional efficiency. Its members are the ad- visors and teachers of animal owners relative to the protection of their live stock against disease. Its annual meetings are veritable forums of great value to all who attend. The rapid advance in knowledge of animal diseases and methods for their treatment and control present many new and often perplexing problems that the veterinarians must solve. Added to this, owners of live stock are asking for better service. The Resident Secretaries can do much if they will keep in touch with the ever-growing demands on the profession and bring for- . ward the best there is to improve the veterinary work. As Resident Secretary, you are to the Association in your community what a practitioner is to his clhents—near at nand and ready to give advice promptly. You are the representative of this great Association in your: state or province. What can you do to help and what ¢an the officers do to help you? Let us all work together. : | It is the desire of President Moore to have the present year the most successful in the history of the Association, in the pro- mulgation of professional ideals and in attracting veterinarians who are not members to join us. In securing new members, however, it is the quality of the men and not the number that is desired. It is hoped that everyone will strive to. maintain its standards in all phases of veterinary work. The Association is judged largely by the professional conduct and standing of its individual members. Will you not make a special effort to have its ideals accepted and followed by every veterinarian in your district? The war is over and after-war conditions must be met. Let us hope that veterinarians will not be found wanting in this new, patriotic service. The Resident Secretaries should be of every possible assist- ance to the Editor of the Journal by furnishing valuable articles, ease reports, practical veterinary suggestions and news items re- garding members. This is one of their obligations to the profes- 658 OTHER ASSOCIATIONS sion. The officers want to help you and reciprocally they will appreciate most heartily any suggestions for the benefit of the Association that you may be willing to offer. We trust that in good work, this may be the banner year in our history. N.S. M. OTHER ASSOCIATIONS. TENNESSEE VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. The Tennessee Veterinary Medical Association held its tenth annual meeting at Memphis November 19-20, 1918. It was one of the best meetings the association has ever held. All members were very grateful to the War Department for sending such an able representative, Major R. M. Staley, who explained the Army Veterinary Corps and gave history of the same. There were some very interesting papers submitted and discussed by mem- bers, and a highly appreciated paper by Prof. C. A. Keffer of the Division of Extension, University of Tennessee, showing ¢o- operative relationship of the veterinary and county agents. The following officers were elected for 1919: President—W. G. Shaw, Knoxville. First Vice President—J. R. Hillman, Hickman. Second Vice President—Wm. Bell, Nashville. Secretary—F. R. Youree, Lebanon. Treasurer—A. C. Topmiller, Murfreesboro. A banquet was given the association by the Memphis doctors during the evening of November 19 and a sight-seeing trip to Park Field in the afternoon of November 20, assisted by the Commercial Club members of Memphis, to view the aviators doing their daring stunts. Every minute of time was utilized during the two days’ session, all parting well pleased and looking forward to the next meeting, which is to be held in Nashville. F. R. Youres, Secretary. CENTRAL NEW YORK VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. The ninth semiannual meeting of the Central New York Vet- erinary Medical Association was held in Syracuse November 27, 1918, at the infirmary of Dr. H. A. Turner. SI i a el a si ee al ing, OTHER ASSOCIATIONS 659 It was opened with a clinic at which the following cases were operated on: No. 1, black mule, Dr. Dooling’s case; quitor; surgeons, Drs. Danforth and Dooling. No. 2, black horse, Dr. Dooling’s case; paralysis of penis; surgeons, Drs. Clark and Dooling. No. 3, black colt, Dr. W. M. Pendergast’s case; fistula of the hip; surgeons, Drs. Bosshart and W. M. Pendergast. No. 4, black mare, Dr. Sullivan’s case; cystic ovaries, spayed; surgeons, Drs. Ide and Sullivan. No. 5, chestnut mare, Dr. Sullivan’s ease; cystic ovaries, spayed; surgeons, Drs. Ide and Sullivan. No. 6, bay gelding, S. P. C. A. case; roarer; surgeons, Drs. Danforth and Turner. No. 7, bay gelding, Dr. Dooling’s case; tumor of the ankle; surgeons, Drs. Danforth, Turner and Webber. No. 8, female hound, Dr. Turner’s case; spayed, in side; sur- geon, Dr. W. L. Clark. This closed one of the most interesting clinics ever held in the history of the society, and on account of the lateness of the hour it was decided not to go to the hotel for our business meeting, and we adjurned to Dr. Turner’s office. The business meeting was called to order by the president, Dr. J. M. Currie, at 4:10 p. m. Roll call showed the following members present: Doctors—W. G. Hollingsworth, W. B. Switzer, J. A. Pender- gast, A. J. Tuxill, W. L. Clark, W. M. Pendergast, J. V. Town- sand, M. W. Sullivan, F. C. Overton, H. A. Turner, F E. York, J. M. Currie, E. E. Dooling, C. R. Baldwin, Almond H. Ide, J. K. Bosshart, A. L. Danforth, O. P. Jones. Visitors—Dr. Leroy Webber, Dr. Carl Webber, Dr. J. W. Turner. | Minutes of the last meeting were read by the Secretary and upon motion duly made, seconded and carried they were ap-- proved and ordered placed on file. Moved, seconded and earried that the papers for this meeting be carried over to our next annual meeting. Dr. Hollingsworth made some very interesting remarks on ‘“What is to happen during the great reconstruction period that ~ is to follow the declaration of a world peace, and suggested that some of the members invite a layman from amongst their clients to attend the annual meeting in June, 1919, and that they be 660 OTHER ASSOCIATIONS asked to come prepared to give their views on the subject men- tioned by Dr. Hollingsworth, and agricultural problems. The above suggestion was adopted. Dr. Danforth suggested that the annual meeting in June— it being our tenth anniversary—be carried into the evening, and that we have a dinner at about five or six o’clock. Moved by Dr. Clark and seconded by Dr. W. M. Pendergast that at the annual meeting in June, 1919, we have our clinic during the day following which we have a dinner and that we entertain our wives or lady friends at the dinner, and that follow- ing the dinner we hold our business and literary program. Car- ried. Moved, seconded and carried that the President at his con- venience appoint a committee to act with the Secretary to ar- range for such a day and evening meeting. Under the head of new business Dr. Hollingsworth presented the matter of internal revenue law and gave us his experi- ence with the same in regard to the ten per cent tax on medicines put out under label, and informed us that there was a fine of not more than $1,000 for non-compliance with said law. Moved, seconded and carried that the Secretary take counsel and ascertain the exact law and send a copy of same to each member of this society. There being no further business, an adjournment was taken at 5:50 p. m. W. B. Swirzer, Secretary. WESTERN NEW YORK VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. The fifth semiannual meeting of the Western New York Vet- erinary Medical Association was held December 12, 1918, at the hospital of the Erie County Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, 121 West Tupper Street, Buffalo, N. Y. After a short clinic in the early part of the afternoon the meeting was called to order by the President, Dr. J. L. Wilder of Akron, N. Y., and the regular order of business disposed of, which included the election. of three new members to the asso- ciation, which now nearly reaches the fifty mark. After enjoying a bountiful repast at the Teck Cafe, the association reassembled at eight o’clock at the S. P. C. A. hall and listened to addresses and papers until past midnight. OTHER ASSOCIATIONS 661 Dr. W. L. Williams of Cornell addressed the association on ‘*Diseases of Breeding Animals,’’ illustrated with specimens, which was highly interesting and instructive. Dr. W. E. Frink of Batavia, N. Y., gave a very practical paper on ‘‘Sterility in Cattle and How I Treat It.’’ ‘*Karly History of Veterinary Education’’ was the subject of a paper read by Dr. H. T. Gaetz of Buffalo, N. Y. Dr. Gaetz certainly did justice to the subject and did not fail to mention any one that had ever been recognized as an educator in veter- inary science from the earliest ages to the present time. The ‘‘Question Box’’ drew no small amount of amusement and discussion and proved itself a good asset to the meeting. The next meeting will be held the third week in June, 1919. F. F. Feuer, Secretary. DOMINION VETERINARY INSPECTORS ASSOCIATION OF CANADA. On December 16 the Dominion Veterinary Inspectors Asso- ciation enjoyed one of its best meetings yet held. Through the very kind auspices of the Veterinary Director- ‘General, the inspectors in. charge of official establishments throughout Ontario were called to Toronto. Arrangements were also made for a representative from the Bureau of Animal Indus- try and in this connection we were favored by the presence of Dr. B. P. Wende, inspector in charge of Buffalo, N. Y.; Dr. Tor- -rance, Veterinary Director-General; Dr. Barnes, chief inspector meat and canned food acts, and Dr. Lowrey, traveling inspector for eastern Canada, all of Ottawa, were present and assisted materially in making the meeting the great success which it en- joyed. The morning was devoted to an inspection of the excellent abattoir and packing house of the Harris Abattoir Company, West Toronto, and as much of the plant as the time would permit was carefully gone over. After lunch, a meeting was called to order at 2:30 p. m. in the assembly hall of the Ontario Veter- inary College, with Dr. Irvine, inspector in charge Toronto dis- trict, in the chair. For this meeting no definite program had been prepared, but each inspector had been notified to come prepared to present for discussion some question of greatest importance to him in his 662 OTHER ASSOCIATIONS plant. This arrangement met with wonderful success, and the opportunity of such discussion with the chief and other members of the staff was appreciated to the fullest. In the evening a meeting was held in the same room, with Dr. Cook, President of the Dominion Veterinary Inspectors Asso- ciation, in the chair. Dr. Torrance, honorary president of the association, gave the address of the evening, but before entering into same he made an announcement to the staff which is de- serving of more than passing notice. In connection with the Toronto district. office he has donated an excellent scientific library, for which suitable accommodation, furniture, ete., is being arranged, and it is hoped to have everything in shape for an official opening on the next regular monthly meeting of the Association. Furthermore, he announced completion of arrange- ments whereby pathological and bacteriological laboratory diag- nosis is in future to be handled in Toronto by Dr. Allen, pro- fessor of these subjects at the Ontario Veterinary College, instead of forwarding the material to the biological laboratory at Ottawa, as in the past. The need and advantages to be derived from such arrange- ments have been felt for some time and the common belief is’ that the service and usefulness realized will be fully in accord with the anticipated benefits to be derived. Needless to say, the staff fully appreciates and is very thankful for such assistance. Dr. Torrance’s address was given on the history of veterinary education in Canada. He carefully reviewed the work done from the inception of courses of study at the Ontario Veterinary Col- lege, the Montreal Veterinary College, later Department of Com- parative Medicine of McGill University, and the course given in French by the Department of Comparative Medicine of Lavall University. This address was highly instructive and very enter- taining and was enjoyed very much indeed. Dr. Barnes, honor- ary vice president ; Dr. McGilvray, honorary member, Dr. Lowrey and Dr. Wende, guest of the evening, each spoke briefly but entertainingly. | . There was an excellent attendance of members and a goodly number of guests from the faculty of the college, together with several veterinarians of the local staff of the contagious disease division. At a meeting of the executive committee of the Dominion Veterinary Meat Inspection Association it was unanimously re- solved : OTHER ASSOCIATIONS 663 That whereas our associated existence is avowedly based upon an effort to attain a better and more highly educated service, we _ have been met by our chief or honorary president much more than wholeheartedly. Speakers from our departmental heads — have been freely given, everything, in fact, to raise our profes- sional status, for all of which we are most deeply indebted. We desire to express our especial gratefulness for the splendid educational opportunity he has presented to us in the form of a valuable library contribution, a library filled with the latest and best works known to the profession. We are united in recording our heartiest approval of the laboratory arrangement he has proposed and worked out for our benefit, and from which we expect to derive so much. We sin- eerely hope that it may be the nucleus of a movement that will be viewed with an ever-growing pride as it proceeds. That we respectfully desire in the deepest sense of appreciation to express our associated thanks to our honorary president and official chief, Dr. Torrance, for all the kindly interest he has shown in our behalf. Wma. TENNANT, Secretary. OHIO STATE VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. The thirty-sixth annual meeting of the Ohio State Veterinary Medical Association was held at the New Southern Hotel, Co- lumbus, Ohio, January 9 and 10. The unusually large attendance, and the great interest man- fested, and particularly the large number of applications re- ceived for membership, was conclusive evidence of the fact that the association is a real, live organization. A hearty welcome was delivered to the association by Mayor Karb. Among the various points of interest touched upon by the mayor, he emphasized particularly the necessity and importance of efficient veterinary municipal inspection of dairy and meat food products. Dr. Harry T. Moss, Dayton, in his pleasing and appropriate manner of expressing himself, gave a hearty response to the address of welcome. In the presidential address, Dr. A. D. Fitzgerald gave in de- tail the history of the association, and in a few well-chosen re- marks outlined the future possibilities of the profession, and expressed that he believed it good judgment in stating that agri- cultural pursuits are really dependent upon the veterinary pro- 664: - OTHER ASSOCIATIONS aoe fession instead of the dependency of the profession on agricul- tural interests. In the report of the Secretary for the work of the fiscal year ‘it was shown that the finances of the association were in a flour- ishing condition. The report also urged the advisability of the publication of papers of merit read before the body. Action taken by the association on this matter was to the effect that such papers be published in the current veterinary journals. It also emphasized the importance of, and urged that all members of the organization that do not now hold a membership in the American Veterinary Medical Association, make application for membership in the parent organization. Dr. 8.8. Sisson, professor of anatomy, veterinary department, Ohio State University, in his usual precise manner, gave the re- port of the Committee on Progress and Education. Its complete- ness was commendable, indeed. Among the highly commendable papers were the following: ‘‘Some New Surgical Methods, Illustrated,’’ by Dr. N. 8. Mayo, Chicago, Ill., Secretary of the American Veterinary Med- ical Association. ‘‘Hemorrhagie Septicemia in Swine,’’ by Dr. Edwin A. Ca- hill, Indianapolis, Ind. ‘‘The Pathology of the Reproductive Organs in Sterility,’’ by Dr. E. T. Hallman, department of animal pathology, East Lan- sing, Mich. Dr. Hallman’s address was very concise and inter- esting, explaining in detail the fundamentals in the cause of sterility. In the paper read by Dr. J. E. Gibson, Bureau of Animal In- dustry, on ‘‘Tuberculosis Eradication,’’ he explained the aims and methods of the bureau, with respect to the tuberculin test and the placing of herds on the accredited list. It was well taken. The election for officers for the ensuing year was keenly con- tested and the results were as follows: President—Dr. W. B. Washburn, Tiffin. Vice President—Dr. O. V. Brumley, Ohio State University, Columbus. ; Secretary—Dr. R. I. Bernath, Wauseon (reélected). Treasurer—Dr. D. C. Hyde, Assistant State Veterinarian, Columbus. : Executive Committee—Dr. D. M. Swinehart, Columbus; Dr. A. J. Kline, Wauseon; Dr. J. F. Planz, Akron. R. I. Bernatu, Secretary. ne ee ae ee ee ee Le ee, ee he ee we a OTHER ASSOCIATIONS 665 NA. B.A... ¥. The following resolution was unanimously adopted by the United States Live Stock Sanitary Association at Chicago, II1., December 4, 1918: Whereas, the success of a profitable and progressive live stock industry depends, to a large degree, on an adequate control of communicable diseases to which our domestic animals are sus- ceptible, and | Whereas, the important duty of safeguarding the health of our immense live stock industry depends largely upon the efficiency and devotion to duty of the veterinarians employed by the United States Bureau of Animal Industry, whose services in the past have been of untold benefit in the conservation of our live stock resources, and Whereas, it is generally recognized that many of the most capable members of this organization have severed their connec- tion with the department, to the detriment of public interest and of the nation’s service, because of the inadequate salaries paid by the department, and Whereas, the present high standard of veterinarian’s require- ments demanding high school entrance examination and four _ years of special college training to qualify applicants for the B. A. I. service, and the ever increase in the high cost of living, have made the always parsimonious compensation of veterinary inspector in the B. A. I. service inadequate and unfair to those public servants, and Whereas, it is recognized that even the nation can not expect the best of service out of its onphoyers unless they are fairly com- pensated, Therefore be it resolved, that a committee of this association be appointed to present the facts set forth in these preambles to the Secretary of Agriculture and, if necessary, to members of the Congress, urging them to give the veterinarians of the B. A. I. service such increases in their salaries as their respective services justify. The following were appointed members of the committee ereated by the foregoing resolution: Matt S. Cohen, Chairman, Kentucky Live Stock Sanitary Board, Frankfort, Ky. E. 8. Bayard, Editor of the National Farmer and Stockman, Pittsburgh, Pa. 666 OTHER ASSOCIATIONS H. H. Halladay, President of the Michigan Live Stock Sani- tary Board, Lansing, Mich. A. J. Glover, Associate Editor of Hoard’s Dairyman, Fort Atkinson, Wis. Cassius Way, Chief Veterinarian of Borden Condensed Milk Company, New York, N. Y. Tait Butler, Editor of Progressive Farmer, Memphis, Tenn. J. Thompson Brown, Chairman, Virginia Live Stock Sanitary Board, Richmond, Va. ORGANIZATION OF THE BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUS- TRY EMPLOYEES IN LOUISIANA. At the representative meeting held in Baton Rouge, La., on January 11, 1919, of the forty-three veterinarians now stationed in Louisiana, in connection with the work done by the United States Bureau of Animal Industry in reference to meat inspec- tion, tick eradication, equine influenza, tuberculosis eradication and hog cholera control, the Louisiana division of the Bureau of Animal Industry Veterinarians was organized and the follow- ing officers elected: President—Dr. E. I. Smith, Baton Rouge, La. Vice President—Dr. R. W. Tuck, New Orleans, La. Secretary and Treasurer—Dr. R. V. Rafnel, Baton Rouge, La. The objects of this association are to advance the professional and material interests of the veterinarians of the United States Bureau of Animal Industry ; to affiliate with the various medical and live stock sanitary associations in securing legislation for the material advancement of the veterinary profession and promo- tion of the live stock industry; to codperate with the officials of the United States Department of Agriculture in promoting the efficiency of the bureau service and to uphold the civil service rules and regulations, and to encourage all bureau veterinarians to become members of the American Veterinary Medical Asso- ciation. | Dr. W. H. Dalrymple, Dr. E. Pegram Flower, Dr. G. E. Nesom, Dr. Oscar Dowling and Prof. W. R. Dodson were elected honorary members. ’ OTHER ASSOCIATIONS 667 geese OT EEN STATES VETERINARY MENCST, ASSOCIATION. _ An excellent program has been arranged by the Secretary, Dr, G. A. Roberts, for presentation at the Birmingham, Ala., meeting of the Southeastern States Veterinary Medical Ades! ciation, February 20-22, inclusive. Among the subjects on the tentative program received may be mentioned the following: 7 Infections and Immunity. Infiuenza and Associated Complications in the Horse aiid Mule. Hemorrhagic Septicemia in Cattle. Swine Plague and Mixed Infections of Swine. Hog Cholera Control. Anthrax and Blackleg. Forage Poisoning. Veterinary Service in the Army. Abortion Disease. Reconstruction Problems Confronting the Veterinarian. State Laws Regulating Interstate Shipments. Besides the presentation of papers, there are numerous impor- tant diseased conditions down for discussion. In addition to the local veterinarians, a number of visitors * are expected to read papers and lead in the discussions. Among the latter we note the following prominent members of the pro- fession, and of the A. V. M.‘A.: Drs. A. T. Kinsley, E. A. Cahill, A. Eichhorn, Robt. Graham, L. A. Klein, I. C. Brenner, N. 8. Mayo, H. Jensen, E. T. Hallman, D. M. Campbell, R. C. Moore, C. E. Salsbery, ete. It is to be hoped that the Journal may be favored with some of the manuscripts for publication for the benefit of our readers. NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY VETERINARIANS. PROTECTING A TEN-BILLION-DOLLAR INDUSTRY. [This is the first of a series of articles on the protection of the live stock industry of the United States. Those that follow will deal with the more important diseases and what is being done toward their eradication.] At first thought it may seem foolish to ask a man what he would do were he suddenly to come into possession of 75,000,000 hogs, 50,000,000 sheep, 69,000,000 cattle and 26,000,000 horses 668 OTHER ASSOCIATIONS and mules, but perhaps it isn’t. Uncle Sam, who is the most ex- tensive up-to-date farmer in the world, owns that much live stock, and for good measure there is a large flock of poultry seratching round the place. Every man who is a stockholder in this concern may do well to try to put himself in fancy in the place of this wealthiest of stockmen who in this particular business alone is ten times a billionaire. | Well, what would you do? Count ’em? No, that doesn’t look quite like the first job. The chances are that you would first make sure that the herds and flocks were reasonably safe from con- tagious diseases. In other words, you would want some insur- ance—not insurance in the ordinary sense, but real protection that would actually prevent loss. The greater the live stock pop- ulation the more necessary -is a permanent plan of defense and capable men to carry it out. It is one of the first essentials of good business. When the live stock industry of America developed to such an extent that outbreaks of disease became a serious menace to the welfare of the country, steps were taken to reduce the danger. It was an outbreak of pleuro-pneumonia in cattle that was the direct cause of the establishment of the Bureau of Animal In- dustry. That Bureau now has many more duties, but preventing diseases from entering the country, checking the spread of those already here and protecting the public against products of dis- eased animals is a large part of the work and requires the services of 1,600 trained veterinarians. The class of work that these men perform may be judged by the requirements they must fulfill. At present all men entering a veterinary college must have had at least two years of high school training. Those entering next year must have three years, and thereafter no man may enter one of these schools if he has not had a full high school course of four years. The course at a veterinary college, as recognized by the American Veterinary Medical Association, the War Depart- ment, the United States Civil Service and the United States Bureau of Animal Industry, must extend through four years, nine months to the year, which puts graduates on a par with graduates of universities. Many of the men who occupy the more responsible positions were graduates of colleges and universities before taking up their special line of work. Since 1884, when act of Congress established the Bureau of Animal Industry and Dr. D. E. Salmon was appointed chief, the American live stock industry has been protected from plagues of OTHER ASSOCIATIONS 669 all sorts from without the borders of the country, and those already here are gradually being conquered. The most destruc- tive diseases, such as foot-and-mouth and rinderpest, which exact an enormous toll every year in some foreign countries, have been prevented by this country’s system of policing from ever gaining more than a temporary hold on our farms. Rinderpest has never gained entrance. No thoughtful man can doubt that the estab- lishment of this Bureau in the nick of time has prevented the cost of food production from being much higher than at present. If hog cholera could be eliminated—and there is every reason to believe that it can be done—how much more efficient would be the farms of the great Corn Belt and those of other sections that are now larding the incomes of their owners. A report of the United States Live Stock Sanitary Association estimates the average losses from cholera at $50,000,000 a year for the last forty years, which means that losses have been much greater in later years on account of the large increase in the num- ber of swine. That annual loss represents 4 per cent interest on an investment of $1,250,000,000. In forty years the loss has amounted to $2,000,000,000, nearly twice as much as the theo- retical investment. In 1914 the swine industry paid a toll of $75,000,000 to this devastator of herds. But there is encouragement. The use of anti-hog-cholera serum, a preventive developed by the Bureau of Animal Industry, is increasing rapidly. The loss during the year ending March 31, 1918, is estimated to be $32,000,000, a reduction of 60 per cent in less than five years. In Iowa, the hog hub of the world, nearly 3,000,000 hogs died of cholera in 1913. In 1917 the loss was a little less than 189,000. In that State alone twenty Federal veterinarians are at work continually investigating out- breaks of cholera, establishing quarantine and applying sanitary measures for the control of the disease, encouraging the use of serum, and assisting in the reduction of cholera losses. Some spigot economists look upon the expenditure of $500,000 annually to fight hog cholera as an extravagance, but when we consider that the smallest annual losses recorded was sixty times this amount it begins to look as if State and Federal authorities should not hesitate to ask for more funds and to pay large enough salaries to hold the experienced men. The spectacular defeat of the cattle tick in the Southern States is a wonderful chapter in the history of the fight against live stock pests and plagues. The first appropriation for this work 670 ' OTHER ASSOCIATIONS came in 1906 and now, twelve years later, nearly seventy per cent of the wide territory originally infected is free and ready for the development of a great live stock industry. A Bureau of Animal Industry official made the all-important discovery that Texas fever is caused by an organism transmitted | by the cattle tick: Another Bureau officer worked out the life history of this insect, enabling others of his profession to develop practical methods of eradication. With very few exceptions veterinarians have directed the work of eradication right down to the individual farm. But they have not dared to estimate what the results mean in real money to the South and in food for the whole country. They are too conservative for that. But even a real estate promoter would hardly be apt to put the-figure too high. : One of the most widespread and costly diseases of domestic animals is tuberculosis. The cattle and swine industries suffer enormously year after year. The president of the Chicago Live Stock Exchange recently estimated that the loss -every twelve months is equal to seventy trainloads of live stock of forty cars each, mostly hogs. Men in the Bureau of Animal Industry esti- mate that the country loses $40,000,000 every year as a result of this slow-moving but persistent plague. For years but small progress was made toward getting it under control, but during the past year the accredited herd system has been applied nation- ally by the Bureau of Animal Industry in codperation with the state live stock sanitary authorities and the United States Live Stock Sanitary Association. The fight is now being waged on the principle that eradication of tuberculosis is an economic question. Money has been appropriated by Congress for the purpose of partly reimbursing owners of cattle whose animals have been slaughtered in the campaign for clean herds. Herds that come up to the requirements receive a certificate of approval from the Bureau. Codperative work has already been started in forty states. After one. year of work under the new plan 289 breeders have had their herds accredited. More than 1,400 herds have passed the first test.. There are 3,320 grade herds and 867 herds of pure breds under supervision being prepared for the test. Altogether, there are about 6,000 herds under supervision, a fair indication that the system finally devised is making a strong appeal to cattle owners. As more states arrange to take advantage of Federal assistance it will be necessary for Congress Sgste mma Pect nt: HSS eee a al ia a Ie — iia ao —" 2 een Sar alt aol na pl, si Pt ee ae ee - yee 3s 7) 7 OTHER ASSOCIATIONS 671 to appropriate more money to help reimburse owners for animals that must be slaughtered and to employ the necessary experts. Of all the activities of the Government veterinarians that of meat inspection is probably best known to the public. This work will continue to be of vast importance so long as disease is so widespread among our farm animals. The food supply must be protected from diseased or otherwise undesirable meat. The creat scope of this work of protecting the consumer’s meat supply is evident when we consider that inspection is maintained at about 850 plants and that every year nearly 60,000,000 animals are given both the antemortem and postmortem examinations. The information obtained by the inspectors is not only useful in protecting the food supply, but it provides the most conclusive argument for increased work and expenditures in eradicating animal diseases. What we can afford to pay to eradicate them any man can figure out for himself when he knows that practi- cally a quarter million carcasses are condemned every year as unfit for human food. The battle against the outbreak of foot and mouth disease in 1914 is still fresh in the memories of stockmen. It cost the country millions of dollars to kill the infection, but as a result our herds are free from this destructive scourge. Several out- breaks have been stopped in the past and no one knows how many have been prevented from entering the country by our quarantine service. Right at this time there is an outbreak in England, but it is not probable that one droplet of the virus will _ get by our quarantine. At one time scabies of sheep and cattle levied a big tax on the industry, but the parasite causing this disease is now pretty well under control. Milions of animals are inspected each year and several millions are dipped. Dourine, a dangerous disease of horses in large areas of the West, is being brought under control rapidly and the prospects are that it will soon be eliminated except on some of the Indian reservations, where the work is | exceedingly difficult. Contagious abortion, which probably causes an even greater monetary loss among cattle than tuber- culosis, is not yet well understood, but scientists of the Bureau are continually making investigations and tests with a view to- ward developing an immunizing agent or finding means for pre- venting infection. This brief review of the work that has been done or is being done to protect the live stock industry of America can give only 672 OTHER ASSOCIATIONS a meager idea of the complexity of the job that is before our Government veterinarians who act as police and secret service, one might say, who guard our cattle, horses, hogs and sheep from alien enemies. To weaken this force would seem like an economic crime, but it is being weakened to a dangerous extent. For the last four or five years the Bureau of Animal Industry has been losing many of its very best men. They have gone into private biological laboratories, to serum-producing plants, they have taken up ranching or have gone into other commercial enter- prises. The exodus has not been caused so much by the lure of the dollar as by the unceasing pressure of the cost of food, cloth- ing and house rent. And when an old friend, a practicing ‘‘vet,’’ says he is making as much in a month as he could make ig a year if he were ‘‘working for the Government,’’ some man is apt to wonder whether he is doing the right thing by his family, and finally concludes that he isn’t. But are we going to let a ten-billion-dollar industry run along without insurance? OHIO STATE VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. At the annual meeting of the Ohio State Veterinary Medical Association Dr. Case, Resident Secretary of the A. V. M. A.,, made a plea for new members for the national association. Secre- tary Mayo also spoke in behalf of the A. V. M. A., and a good number of applications were filled out at once, and many others were promised, The ‘‘Buekeye Bunch’’ will make a good showing at the next meeting of the A. V. M. A. in New Orleans. VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION OF NEW YORK CITY. The regular monthly meeting of the Veterinary Medical Asso- ciation of New York City was held in the lecture room of Car- negie laboratury on Wednesday evening, January 8, 1919, at 8: 30 o clock. The president-elect, Dr. Cochran, was in the chair. The minutes of the December meeting were read and ap- proved. nen ln ——S a. lh Cee i dsp oo E eal aia Se piel a Ow OTHER ASSOCIATIONS 673 The roll of members was called and changes of addresses noted. The president, Dr. Cochran, thanked the association for the honor of electing him president and gave an interesting address on ‘‘The Value of Veterinary Associations.’’ Dr. Cochran re- viewed the early history of this association and the good work it had achieved since it was established in 1894. Dr. Chas. H. Higgins, B.S., D.V.S., of Ottawa, Canada, was then intréduced and gave an instructive and interesting address on ‘‘ Veterinary Education and Control Work in Canada.’’ The Doetor gave a history of veterinary educational work in Canada from 1862, when Drs. Andrew Smith and Dunean McEachran arrived in Canada from Dick’s College in Edinburgh, Scotland, establishing the Ontario Veterinary College in 1862. In 1863 Prof. McEachran established the veterinary school at MeGill Uni- versity in Montreal, which continued until 1892. The Doctor stated that veterinary education is established on a firm basis in Canada at present, with two veterinary colleges under govern- ment control, the English school at Toronto, affiliated with the University of Toronto, and the French school, connected with Lavelle University. Dr. Higgins said there was splendid oppor- tunities for veterinarians to engage in practice in Western Can- ada, especially in Alberta and British Columbia. The veterinary practice laws are excellent and fees good. The Doctor then gave an interesting history of sanitary control work in Canada, in which he has been actively engaged since 1892. In 1902 Dr. Rutherford was made head of the Health of Animals Bureau. Dourine had made its appearance in western Canada and glanders was spreading. The Doctor told of the first cases of dourine which were of an acute type. The later cases assumed a chronic form. Mange is controlled by dipping, using sulphur, linseed oil, and oil of tar. The control of hog cholera is radical: slaughter, disinfection, no hogs allowed on premises for three months and compensation by the government. No garbage is allowed to be fed to hogs unless cooked and a government license is required to — feed it. Under these measures, the Doctor said, hog cholera is practically eliminated in Canada. Dr. Higgins was identified with the first tubereulin testing of cattle in 1899. At that time great numbers of pure-bred cattle were being imported into Canada from England and Scotland. Tuberculin tests were used on these cattle, which were kept in quarantine three months after landing. 674 OTHER ASSOCIATIONS The Doctor gave an interesting account of the Pickton cattle disease which appeared in Nova Scotia in 1891. This disease attacked large numbers of cattle and was rapidly fatal, causing an cedema between the coats of intestines and inflammation of the liver. Feeding experiments were carried out by Dr. Osler, who found the disease was caused by the poisonous weed ‘‘ Senecio Jacobea,’’ or ragweed. It was found that by putting sheep and goats to pasture they cleaned out the weed and the disease dis- appeared. . : Dr. John De Vine mentioned that as there was some promi- nent visitors present whom we would be pleased to listen to, he would prefer postponing his talk on *‘ Breeding Problems’’ until a future meeting. ! The privilege of the floor was extended to the visitors present. Capt. Otis A. Longley of San Francisco, Cal., gave an interest- ing talk on his experience as a veterinary instructor at Camp Greenleaf. He emphasized the establishment of a high standard of education in the colleges, and mentioned:the vast difference in men under his command from the various colleges. The men were graded at the camp according to their personality, loyalty, ability and professional qualifications. He said that about thirty men were rejected and returned to civil life as unfit to be veter- inary officers. The Captain stated that the men from New York were uniformly well up in professional attainments. He pleaded . for a larger membership for the A. V. M. A. and said he had been instrumental in turning in over 400 applications from among the veterinarians in training at Camp Greenleaf to the last meeting of the A. V. M. A. | Captain Harry Ticehurst, Moosemire, N. J., told us of his experience of sixteen months’ army work. The Captain’s work was mostly at Newport News in mallein testing and inspection before exportation. He said they inspected and shipped as high as 1100 horses a day at times. The Captain said he had consider- able hospital work at Newport News, where the best military ~ hospital in the country is maintained. He was later appointed veterinarian at Camp Sheridan, where he had a number of vet- erinarians under his command. He was later made Division Veterinarian and ordered to prepare for overseas duty, but his orders were cancelled just before sailing. Dr. J. P. Lowe was present and extended to the members an invitation to attend the annual meeting of the Veterinary Medical JOURNAL OF THE American Veterinary Medical Association FORMERLY AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW (Original Official Organ U. 8. Vet. Med. Ass’n) W. H. DALRYMPLE, Editor. BATON ROUGE, LA. V. A. Moors, President, Ithaca, N. Y. N. S. Mayo, Secretary, Uhicago. M. Jacos, Treasurer, Knoxville, Tenn. ° Executive Board Gro. HILTON, ist District; T. E. Moncer, 2nd District; S. E. BENNETT, 3rd District; J. R. Mouuer, 4th District; C. H. STaneEe, 5th District; R. A. ARCHIBALD, 6th District; A. T. KINsLEY, Member at Large. Sub-Committee on Journal . ral j J. R. MoHLErR Gro. HILTON R. A. ARCHIBALD Seg The American Veterinary Medical Association is not responsiLie for views or statements published in the JOURNAL, outside of its own authorized actions. Reprints should be ordered in advance. A circular of prices will be sent upon application. . Mon. GTV.;N.-S.; VoL.:-7. Marcu, 1919. No. 7 VIGILANCE BUT NOT ALARM. Within the past six months two outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease have occurred in England, this time in the County of York, which was.confirmed on January 10, notification having at once been sent by the British authorities to the Bureau of Animal Industry at Washington. The Bureau was also informed that the British veterinary authorities had the infected area under quar- antine, and that the outbreak was under control, which is very gratifying news indeed. However, the Bureau has cancelled all permits for the importation of cattle, sheep and swine from that country, and is taking special precautions for the inspection and quarantine of such animals now enroute to the United States. There is every need of vigilance concerning the matter, but not necessarily of alarm, although, on account of the constant com- munication between the two countries, it is extremely important that veterinarians and stockowners all over the country should keep a sharp lookout for any condition that might appear sus- picious in those animals that are especially susceptible to the disease. We understand that the Canadian officials have also been notified of this latest outbreak in England. Let us hope that the British veterinary officials may be able to eradicate the present 678 EDITORIAL local infection and prevent its getting further, which we have every reason to hope they will. VETERINARY EDUCATION AND THE WAR. From data published by the Office of Information, U. S. Department of Agriculture, it would appear that in the twenty- one veterinary colleges in this country accredited by the Bureau of Animal Industry, the attendance diminished very materially — last year, the dean of one of the colleges reporting that, owing to war enlistments, he had lost 50 per cent of the faculty and 66 per cent of the students. The number of freshmen enrolled in all veterinary colleges of the country for the 1917-1918 session was 338, against 637 for the preceding year, a decline of about one- half. The total attendance at all veterinary colleges showed a falling off of more than 800 students, with a further reduction indicated for the session of 1918-1919. | | As interpreted by the Bureau of Animal Industry, the effects of the reduced attendance in veterinary institutions will be felt more in the future than at present, for the coming graduating classes will be unusually small. In view of these facts, it is urged by the Bureau that, until veterinary education and the profession generally can be restored to at least its pre-war development, live stock raisers use extreme care in safeguarding the health of their animals, and should report promptly to state and federal authorities all suspected eases of contagious disease. They should remember, also, that sanitation and other preventive measures will assist greatly in reducing animal ailments. Attention is further drawn to the necessity to encourage persons of proper fitness to engage in vet- erinary studies, so that there may be an adequate number, of trained men to respond to emergency ealls, and for prompt con- trol of epizodtics. As the Bureau suggests, the effects of the war on the profession will be felt more in the future than at present, owing to the shortage of matriculants at the colleges, and-this condition will probably affect sanitary control work more than. any other branch. Hence the importance, until the shortage of oraduates is made up, of stockowners themselves safeguarding the health of their animals, and of reporting suspicious cases of disease to the proper authorities. The suggestion, also, to encour- age, as much as possible, eligible and fit young men to take up the study of veterinary science, not only for their own sakes, but EDITORIAL 679 for the benefit of the live stock interests of the country, is a good one, and quite timely. THE ERADICATION OF TUBERCULOSIS. When the question of tick eradication in the South was first presented to Congress in brder to obtain an appropriation from the Federal Government wherewith to make a start, there were many ‘‘doubting Thomases’’ as to the feasibility—in fact, pos- sibility—of ridding the Southern States of their cattle ticks. This opinion was held, not only by the country folks who were living amongst those parasites, but by the more intelligent classes, but who were not, of course, familiar with the subject. The Southern cattle owner said, ‘‘It just can’t be done; why, the woods are full of them and they are all over every little animal that runs around.’’ If this had been absolutely so, the under- taking would, indeed, have been a more serious one. However, our farmer friends were not then aware that, while there are quite a number of different varieties of ticks, each preying upon its own particular host, the only one which was a carrier of the protozoan of tick fever was the common cattle tick, which devel- oped only on horses, mules and cattle, and to get rid of it meant the elimination of Texas (or tick) fever, which has been the bane of the Southern cattle owner, and has held the South back, agriculturally, more than any other single factor. Today, after twelve years, or so, of persistent effort, the problem of tick- freedom has been almost. solved. . It has taken time and an abun- dance of patience, which the accomplishment of big things invari- ably requires. | But while the work of tick eradication affected one section of the country only, the eradication of tuberculosis is a country- wide undertaking, and will require the best that is in the veter- inary profession, both individual, state and national, to accom- plish final results within a reasonable space of time. Still, the ~ example set by the work of tick eradication, with its many ob- stacles to overcome, should be’a good object lesson, as well as a stimulus, to those engaged in the work which will have to cover a much greater area of country; and when it has been accom- plished, what a splendid boost it will have been to the veterinary profession, and a most exceptional opportunity for the profession to have raised itself in the estimation of the public, and gained greater public confidence. 680 : EDITORIAL According to information published in the Weekly News Letter of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, very satisfactory prog- ress has been made during the first year of the work, and pros- pects for the future are bright. During the year 296 herds, com- prising 9,284 cattle, have been fully ‘‘accredited’’ as free from tuberculosis, and 1,462 herds, having 35,052 cattle, passed one successful test in preparation for certifidation. In addition, 4,622 herds, both pure-bred and grade, totaling 98,002 animals, have been under supervision for the eradication of tuberculosis; and each month additional herds are being added to the list. A revi- sion of List No. 1 of accredited herds is promised in the near future, when it will be widely distributed. The work, as we have said, is countrywide, and from a printed table in the News Letter, is already being pursued in practically every state in the union. It is a great work from many stand- points. It is so, from the standpoint of humanity; from an economic point of view; and is, or ought to be, from the view- point of the veterinary profession, if it will only take full advan- tage of the exceptional opportunity. Dr. A. C. Goebel of Congers, New York, has become assistant to Dr. Robert 8S. McKellar of New York City. Dr. Goebel was trained at Camp Greenleaf, released from service, entered the B. A. I., and now goes into general practice. Larger compensa- tion for Bureau veterinarians must be offered and assured. Captain Charles S. Chase, recently stationed at Deming, New Mexico, one of the teaching staff of the New York State Veter- inary College, New York City, has resumed practice at Bay Shore, Long Island, and instruction at the college. Lieutenant Joseph P. Mack of Tappan, New York, has been > released from the Army Veterinary Service at Camp Apache, Arizona, and has returned to New York. Lieutenant David MeAuslin of Brooklyn has resumed practice after many months of service in the Army Veterinary Corps at Camp Dix, Newport. News, and Hoboken. The Lieutenant has been placed in the Reserve Veterinary Corps. His experience in transport service prior to entering our own war service made him a valuable addition in remount and transportation service. Dr. E. M. Wiggs of Greenville, Texas, has been appointed State Veterinarian of the Lone Star State. POE Te Re ee ae : PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE VALUE OF THE. BLOOD TESTS IN THE CONTROL OF CON- TAGIOUS ABORTION.* C. P. FitcH, W. L. Boyp, W. A. BILLINGS, University Farm, St. Paull, Minn. (Published with the approval of the Director as Paper No. 131 of the Journal Series of the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station.) Since Widal in 1896 used the agglutination test in the diag- nosis of typhoid fever much work has been done to apply the principle thereby demonstrated to the diagnosis of other diseases. M’Fadyean at about this time showed its value in the diagnosis of glanders. Schiitz and Miessner and also Schnurer verified the work of M’Fadyean and clearly showed the value of the ageluti- nation test in the control of this disease of horses. In a like manner following the demonstration of complement fixation in the diagnosis of syphilis by Wasserman in 1906 this test has been widely used. It is of particular value in the early recognition of glanders and dourine of horses. The application of these blood tests in the diagnosis of con- tagious abortion of cattle was demonstrated at about the same time (1909) by M’Fadyean of England and Holth and Wall of Denmark. Since then many workers have published accounts of the use of agglutination and complement fixation in the recogni- tion of abortion disease. Among these should be mentioned Brill, Grinsted, Larsen, Surface, Mohler and Traum and very lately Rettger and Davis. The precipitation test was used by Szymanowski for diag- nosing infectious abortion. The results obtained by this method, however, were unsatisfactory.and so far as known this test has been used very little. We have been working with the blood tests since 1912. Many things have come up in connection with them that have made us doubt their present value in the control of this disease. The results actually reported in this paper are only those which serve to illustrate the points in question. In another publication in 1913, one of us in conjunction with Moore pointed out the difficulties which are encountered in the use of the complement fixation test in this disease. There is * Presented at 55th Annual Meeting A. V. M. A., Philadelphia, 1918. 682 Cc. P. FITCH, W. L. BOYD, W. A. BILLINGS present in all blood serum from cattle a substance which has been called ‘‘colloide de boif’’ and was afterwards. designated ‘‘con- glutinine.’’ This substance in conjunction with complement will produce agglutination and hemolysis of the washed red blood corpuscles of sheep. This phenomenon is the basis of the con- glutination test which has been critically studied. This latter test is founded on the discovery of Ehrlich and Sacks, who com- bined in a test tube the fresh blood serum of a horse, the inactive (heated to 56°C for one-half hour) blood serum of a cow and the washed red corpuscles of a guinea pig. An agglutination of the red corpuscles and hemolysis occurred. This phenomenon was further studied by Bordet and Gay. The blood serum of all cattle contains a thermostable body which hémolyzes the red blood corpuscles of sheep. It is, of course, upon this reaction (hemo- lysis) that the complement fixation test depends and on account of the natural hemolysins which exist in all cattle blood serum, the results of complement fixation are thereby affected. It is true that the amount of cattle serum used in the complement fixation test for infectious abortion is small and thereby the hemolyzing action slight; nevertheless, in our study of the con- glutination test we found that the amount of ‘‘conglutinine’’ con- tained in the sera of cattle varied in a wide degree and sometimes even the small amount of serum used in the fixation test was sufficient to cause hemolysis.. This factor renders the results obtained by complement fixation open to question in certain cases where conglutinine is present in considerable amount. Thomsen, working in Jensen’s laboratory, where Holth and Wall did their work, found that if the serum of animals is in- activated (heated at 56°C for 30 minutes) the results are un- reliable. That is, in the sera tests for contagious abortion in cattle, the inactivation of the serum for the complement fixation test is not only unnecessary but probably injurious. Nearly all the tests by this method so far reported have been done with in- activated serum. | Surface in this country found that the bacteriolytic ambo- ceptor for infectious abortion existed in the blood of twenty-nine out of forty-three guinea pigs killed for complement and further he shows that an excess of cow’s serum has an inhibiting effect on the hemolysis. In other words, Surface demonstrated that by varying the amount of the serum of the animal tested he could ob- tain strong positive reactions using 0.8 ¢c.c. of serum. If he de- creased this amount, for example, to 0.08 ¢.c. the reaction was VALUE OF BLOOD TESTS IN CONTAGIOUS ABORTION 683 negative. But if the amount of serum was further decreased to 0.0008 ¢.c. the reaction again became strongly positive. The in- hibiting effect of excess cow serum varied in a marked degree in the nine animals tested. During 1914-15 one of-us carried out a large number of blood tests for abortion disease, duplicate samples of which were sent to the Bureau of Animal Industry at Washington, D. C. (These are reported by Williams). Here both agglutination and fixation were carried out. In nearly all instances the agglutination tests at both laboratories agreed. In some instances, however, the results of the complement fixation test did not agree with those obtained by the agglutination method. As a general rule, how- ever, the results of both tests were similar. Rettger and Davis state that in their work that the ‘‘results obtained by these two methods have been most gratifying.’’ It is significant to note, however, that the same authors state further that, ‘‘ Agreement between the results of the two tests was earnestly sought and no test was pronounced positive or negative unless the reactions were in perfect accord.’’ They fail to state, however, in just what cases the results obtained by the two methods varied, but it seems as if it were safe to assume that in these results there were some Variations . | Taking into consideration, first, that three factors (conglu- tinine, inactivation and inhibition) may influence the results of the complement fixation test; second, the complexity of the technic of the test, and, third, that the results of this test in the majority of cases agree with those obtained by the agglutination method, we do not believe that the complement fixation test has any advantage over the agglutination test in diagnosing con- tagious abortion. Mohler and Traum state that in their experi- ence ‘‘Only in doubtful cases would it be necessary to refer to the ‘more complex complement fixation test.’’ These latter cases are very few in number and we question even in these whether the complement fixation test would aid in the diagnosis. Seddon in 1915 pointed out several very important factors in connection with the agglutination test for abortion. Among other things he states that the amount of serum used is the dom- inating factor and not the degree of dilution in which it is em- ployed. This same fact has been noted by other investigators, especially from continental Europe. In reporting the results of this study we are giving both the dilution and the amount of serum used. 684 C. PP. FITCH, W. L. BOYD, W. A. BILLINGS The method used in reporting this work is one that has been followed since 1910, when reporting the results of the agglutina- tion test for glanders. The amounts of serum employed or dilu- tions have been selected only after much experimentation to determine just which amounts gave the most knowledge concern- ing the presence or absence of the agglutinating antibodies. The abbreviation ‘‘st’’ (slight) is used to indicate a partial reaction which does not show perfect clearing, but does show some sedi- mentation. The signs + and — are used to indicate a complete and a negative (no agglutination) reaction respectively. Hadley has recently proposed a uniform system for reporting the results of the agglutination test. While recognizing the need of such a system, we have not adopted it in this work, as some of the results were obtained before the publication of this article by Hadley. Another factor which influences the results of the agglutina- tion test is the concentration and amount of the bacterial suspen- sion employed as test fluid. Seddon in his work used 0.5 c.c. of what he calls ‘‘Standard X’’ emulsion. This is chosen because (1) it gives a marked naked eye deposit (and hence is easily read) in a positive reaction; (2) conversely it gives a definitely cloudy appearance (and hence easily read) in a tube where there is no agglutination; (3) it is the minimum amount of emulsion that will answer the above requirements. If the test fluid is too heavy (concentrated) in a positive agglutination a deposit will form on the bottom of test tube, but the fluid still remains cloudy. It is very important that as nearly as possible a uniform suspen- sion be employed and we believe that this is best secured by comparison to a standard suspension of barium sulphate, the idea evolved in connection with the Nephalometer. This method is crude, but it seems to be sufficiently accurate to give uniform results. The results obtained in testing a sample of blood are often- times confusing to interpret. For example, in working with sera from certain animals an agglutination will be observed in those tubes which contain 0.05 ¢.c. and 0,02 ¢.c. of serum (dilutions of 1-20 and 1-50), no agglutination in the tubes having 0.01 e¢.c. and 0.005 ¢.c. (dilutions of 1-100 and 1-200) and again perfect agelutination in the tubes containing 0.002 c.c. and 0.001 e@.ce. (dilutions of 1-500 and 1-1000). We have always referred to these as ‘‘paradoxical reactions’’ and in the early part of our work these very confusing phenomenon were not infrequently ob- served. Seddon also noted this same thing and refers to it as oot oi de ie ee ee al * ~~ OF Ok si al gal Et ; My eae al a th ie om a SS =e SS ee ra ea ee PP RICE VALUE OF BLOOD TESTS IN CONTAGIOUS ABORTION 685 ‘‘a peculiarity of agglutination.’’ Hewlett mentions it in ¢con- nection with Mic. melitensis (according to Evans, this organism should be called Bact. melitensis). No explanation was offered by Seddon for this phenomenon, nor are we able to make one. We do know, however, that the number of these very confusing tests has been greatly reduced by employing less test fluid and using smaller amounts of serum in higher concentration. In the beginning of this work we employed 8 c.c. of test fluid and added the requisite amounts of serum from a basic dilution of 1-40. This was essentially the technic used in the agglutination test for glanders. The results of the agglutination test here reported were obtained by using 1 e¢.e. of test fluid and adding for the first three tubes undiluted serum and for the last three tubes from a basic dilution of the serum of 1-20. Using this technic, we have reduced the number of so-called ‘‘paradoxical’’ reactions to the minimum. It is rather significant to note that Rettger and Davis employed in their work only two dilutions, 1-50 and 1-100, and that they used 3 c.c. of test fluid. It is possible that if a higher dilution had been set that a reaction in a dilution higher than 1-100 might have been obtained, even though no agglutination was noted at 1-100. The results here reported come from representative herds in the Northwest. Most of these are made up entirely of pure-bred animals with the exception of Herds E and F. Nearly all the - animals in these herds are grades. We have endeavored in each ease to secure just as accurate breeding history as possible, taking into consideration not only the act of abortion but retained placente and sterility as well. It has been recognized for some time that the birth of an immature fetus was but one of the con- ditions signifying the presence of this symptom complex called ‘‘eontagious abortion.’’ Too many people still cling to the idea that abortions must occur in large numbers in a herd before the contagiousness of the disease is recognized and proper measures taken to suppress it. Many animals abort in the early stages of pregnancy and pass unnoticed. The animals miss one or more dicestral periods and then appear in heat again. A negative history of abortion, especially in herds which are badly affected, must be considered with some doubt, providing these animals have been served sev- eral times at irregular intervals. : Metritis, salpingitis and cystic ovaries of cattle are often con- sidered to be due primarily to an infection with Bact. abortus, 686 Cc. P. FITCH, W. L. BOYD, W. A. BILLINGS Bang. These conditions, as well as retained placenta, ought to be taken into consideration when judging whether an animal is infected with abortion disease. We have had some eases, how- ever, that lead us to believe that other organisms besides Bact. abortus may be responsible for secondary infections and do even - more harm than the abortion germ itself. To illustrate this, a single case will be cited. Cow No. 89, Herd H, calved at full time. The uterine contractions were weak and traction was neces- sary to aid in the expulsion of the fetus. The calf, a heifer, was very weak and covered with the so-called ‘‘abortion exudate.’’ Cultures carefully made from this material and from the amni- otic fluid, after several days’ incubation, gave pure growths of a micrococeus. The placenta was retained and had to be removed. The calf lived. It will be noticed from the tables that the agglu- tination test showed that the dam reacted with 0.001 ¢.c. (1-1000) and the calf with 0.01 ¢.c. (1-100). This would indicate that the mother had been infected with Bact. abortus. From the cultures, however, it would seem as if the micrococeus was responsible for the retained placenta and uterine inertia. It is possible that this secondary invasion is responsible for some of the disasters of abortion disease and would also explain some of the apparent discrepancies reported in the tables. In certain other analagous cases, also, the colon organism and rarely a streptococcus has been isolated when the primary cause was undoubtedly Bact: abortus. We are not prepared as yet to state just what importance this . secondary infection may play in abortion diseases, but are con- tinuing our studies. VALUE OF BLOOD TESTS IN CONTAGIOUS ABORTION 687 HERD A. Blood drawn June 10, 1918. > « Results of 5 Agglutination Test 3 2. HISTORY et | | Z 10.05/0.02| 0.01 ]0.005/0.002| 0.001 ° 1—20|1—50|1—-100|1—200|1—500/1—-1000 1 |10 yrs. Never aborted. Calved regu- larly. Had R. P. One heifer killed : Renae BUCTTIO FP is ke se gee oe epi -- -+ — oo a 2 2 |3 yrs. Dam is No. 1. First calf born as dead at full time. Second calf abort. s e046210e. JUNC 29, 718s. oe See oe == + SL — — a 21) Of mos: Bull calf. Dam is No. 1.2.4.5 —|— — mo _- — a 4 |5 yrs. Never aborted. Living calf No- y WOR EO ik baa ee ie gas cle aig ee = + SL — — —_— Be 5 |4 yrs. Had three calves. Last one } fend Dnt. at full terms vcs ss cee oo. a ao = a -- -- Gita. yrs,. Never aborted... fsiis sc. eek’ + |-+ — — — — 7 |4 mos. Bull calf. Dam is No. 6...... + | — — --- — ~ 8 |6% yrs. Never aborted.. Had bull MEER GIs este ute te. oabavyllones Siotetew wills a + a — — oa 9 |5 mos. Bullicalf. Dam is No. 8..... —- | — — — —_ _ 10 |10 yrs. Never aborted. Had 6 calves.| — | — a —— —— — : 11 |2 mos. Heifer calf. Dam is No. 10..} — | — — — — — 3 12 |14 mos. Heifer. Not bred. Dam is me IMAGES \a'a’S aiic:n gb oh cnig Bie. sin os ai a + | su == -= = — Ee 13 |12 yrs. Never aborted.............. +} + -- — — — Be 14:4 6:yrs.. Never aborted.............%. + | + + + + SL 15 |9 yrs. Never aborted. Caived regu- Ge aT Beg Sno ae “aera arararn ean +f} 4+ “+ — — — 16 |5 mos. Bull calf. Dam is No. 15. — |— — —-- — — 17 |6 yrs. Under treatment for sterility. A new animal in the herd.......... — + SL — -— —— os 18 |3 yrs. Had two calves.; Now in calf..| + + + — — — - 19 | 1 yr. Heifer. Not bred. Dam is No. 18. + — — — — a’ 20 | 2 mos. Bull calf. Dam is No. 18..... + {te — — — —_— me eo.) 9: yre. Calved regularly ......%. 2... + f]4+ + + | su] su 22 |3 yrs. Had one calf. Now in calf..... a + a SL — “= oe ae ere ewer. Not bred i... oo a ot SL sL = —- 24 |1 yr. Bull. Never used for service.... — as oan — = Penta oer EPOIL GD CAIL ee iis ics cass oc exec — |— — — — — a ME) S Sits Ri 3s 205s (20 08 bg BR Gare ren me err +" a = SL —- —— EB 27 |4 Ug eee Sire of aborted ealf of na 28 |8 mos. aig calf. Dar aborted her RNR EN iV 'slin 6 aden wis ee cee oes | BL.) 8L |b 8h | elf ae ae 688 Cc. P. FITCH, W. L. BOYD, W. A. BILLINGS HERD B. Blood drawn June 20, 1918. ‘ON TeuTUy Cao NAD OF WH F Results of Agglutination Test HISTORY 0.05/0.02| 0.01 |0.005]0.002] 0.001 1—20)1—50|1—100|1—200|1-500/1—1000 8 yrs. Always calved normally. Last Dec. a LIE sia pte pia celnele eee a die eke be, + | SL SL —_ — — 6 mos. Heifer calf. Dam is No. 1..... —- — — ao — 8 yrs. Imported. Never. aborted. Calved Aug., ’17. Now in calf...... +} + — — — 10 mos. Heifer. Dam is No. 8....... + + op - — — 3 yrs. Had two calves. Not bred. Nev- Gr ADORE ga Sa seers eels © ues -— aa + a. + + 3 mos. Heifer calf. Dam is No. 5..... | su | — — — — — 8 yrs: Never aborted. Calved January TOT Sit, ss Oe ack sew alas eee -b + — — ina ana 5 mos. Bull calf. Dam is No. 7..... SL | SL SL SL SL SL 3 yrs. R. P. with first. Due to calve in| . October. :- Dam: 18 (N07 33 ae oes a - SL — — a 8 yrs. Never aborted. Calved in Mar.| + + + a — aoe 3 mos. Heifer calf. Dam is No. 10....} + + =" a — — 6 yrs. Never aborted. R. P. with twins Tn ADT iio kb Seas orks Fee tees s -- a a - ah a 3 mos. Bull calf, twin. Dam is No. 12.| — | — a ad a me 3 ieee Heifer calf, twin. Dam is No. Dee ae oaks eps cr aia ete baat goaeig tes ate oa Og — |— — — —i,— 13 mos. Heifer. Not bred. Dam is No. 1 Bee oor, mi GhG UR laNa RAG: ob a OL eS a. + + — — — 4 yrs. Calved in March, ’18. Seven months Calf ine Dts: okcie Vat eee + + + + SL _ 1144 yrs. Heifer. Dam is No. 16..... i — — — — 3. mos. Bull calf. Dam is No. 16..... —|— — —- -—— 6 yrs. Never aborted. Difficult to get with calf. Calved in Feb., °18...... + aa = — — = 4 mos. Heifer calf. Dam is Nov 19....] + | SL — — —_ 5 yrs. Three normal calves. Now in CANE 256. Spates RUN lees as + {.+ bt + a. + 6 mos. Heifer calf. Dam is No. 21. —|— a= — — ae 3% yrs. Never aborted. Calved in PT ON Be so ae Say Re ay pid -e a SL — — — 2 mos. Heifer calf. Dam is No. 28. —|— — —_ — —_ 1%, yrs. Heifer. Not bred. Dam is No. + 4 f 8 a “Aborted in fie "16 and 717. a + + + + + 27S; ICAEVSRs Us HOD. 5h Oc 6 Sess winches We - a os — —.| — 4 mos. Bull calf. Dam is- No. 24. 6 hiee sL | — — — — —_— TOs BA CB Se sakes ee ere eo ee SL | SL — = — —_— 14 mos. Heifer. Same dam as No. 29.| SL | — a —_ — —_— 2 yrs. Heifer. Due to uNe Aug., 718.| + | — —- = — — 2% yrs. Calved Oct., ’17.......+.+--- + | + oratt Citumcil hiitica® WRlerar 4 yrs. Calved June, 48. No abortions.}; + | + + + + + 6 yrs. Calved Oct., ’17. No abortions.| + | + a. -b + + 6 yrs. Calved Oct., 717. No abortions.| + SL —- — —_— — 1 yr. Heifer. Not bred..........+++- is Binge aes tase ena: aeiar! 4 yre. Herd ‘bull. (iss iiiesa ee + {+ +i let + on SVE PI SIPOR ath vie oles see ek pent one +ict — _ —_ = 9 yrs.: Aborted May, -°28 (0.0. vss ee + | SL sL | -— _ _ VALUE OF BLOOD TESTS IN CONTAGIOUS ABORTION 689 HERD C. Blood drawn December 30, 1917. > Results of 5. ’ Agglutination Test 3 HISTORY ? i) 2 0.05/0.02! 0.01 |0.005|0.002!] 0.001 ° 1—20)1-—50\|1—100|1—200/1—500|1-1000 “1112 yrs. Never aborted. Nine liye REO iss csscahmiats Wianeon ial se bea Gree ers +. | SL SL —_ 2 |10 yrs. Never aborted. Dam is No. 1.| — | — — a —— a 3 |8 yrs. Never aborted. Dam is No. 1. — — ‘415 yrs. Never aborted. Now in calf. BEE ES INO sb Pat, ek tie lacs 6 are a + == os oh —- 5 |3% yrs. Never aborted. Dam is No. 1| + | — —- ae — a 6 |6 yrs. Never aborted. Dam is No. 1..} + | — a —— — -—— 7 |1% yrs. Bull. Used for service...... — | — — -—- — — $8 | 5 yrs. Never aborted. Dam is No. 2..|'— | — —— na —— — 9 |7 yrs. Aborted 1913. Live calves ever RRR ras te ea eee IN Oe ee — |— vs — —_ — 10 | 8 yrs. Never aborted. Breeds poorly.| — | — — — — -—- 11 | 4 yrs. Never aborted. Breeds poorly.| + “= _ a -= 12 | 2 yrs. Not bred. Dam is No. 11...... — | — cas —- — — 13 | 6 yrs. Never aborted...........6---.| + | + SL Si as _- 14 |3 yrs. One normal calf..... et aed av eae ea — — — — tp Ge yre.- Never. aborted... 0. ves se sie + |— —- a — --- BOG e vis NOV OM! BADOTCEd 55-0 Gielen sso cet + | — — — — — 17 |7 yrs. Aborted 715. R. P. Calved nor- Re bere £1 NG IRS eer aes aa a - a -— 1S) 4. yrs Never aborted Ge — |— — — — — Erte VER iN OVOI ADOTtOO : snkie eo. ccs SL | SL a ws -—— — 20 | 4 yrs. Never aborted. Dam is No. 19./ + + -+ + + + mi Pereyra te NOTMal Call oboe ccs es ot. ot od. a = — 22 |16 a One normal calf. Never abort- 23.3. yrs. ‘One Cait: Dam iis "NG. 7225500. — | — — 24 | 7 yrs. Last calf aborted ’14. Bred sev- eral times. Due to calve now...... -_— | — — — — pale ere. mow in: calf... os Pee eek. sL | — —- — 26 |2 yrs. Bred several times. Now in AO Iie IN 03 208 elec aigussaus te «waren SL | SL SL a= oo — 27 |2 yrs. Now in ee oa a win ec xs —|— —|— — —_ 28 | 4 yrs. Calved 716. Now in calf....... — |— — | —_— — 29. |6% yrs. Never aborted............. — |— — fo — — teeta OPN) ORE TINIE ee clos cls be eee dss sL | — —};— — = noe Ses OU POO 6 i WS Oh ee ee ce es +|[— —}) — — eke eee IPOU WTEC S so ok ok. boss ccceces sL | — — | — —- —— ee tome NOU BYE... aks se ce ee —!|—|}] —Fe!| —] — eee Css INOL: DY 23 uo ek ee casters o> — | — — fre oo — 35 | 1 Na as ian BR ince see Sate Melt | SL. ip t— ~- -- 690 Cc. P. FITCH, W. L. BOYD, W. A: BILLINGS HERD D. Blood drawn December 381, 1917. ‘ON TewTUy 50 ea yO a eo, CRS he = oO HISTORY 4 yrs. Aborted. Live calf ’17. Bow in COLE ieee a aaa ance gies pier oer ee 8 yrs. ‘Aborted ’11. R. P. Four normal : calves since. Last calf July, ’17. 4 a Pnoried 15. Calved 717. Now in 08 OR. ORO e Se a BSB ey Oe ah One ae ee oe C109 OOo O08 OL OBO 81S: 4 6 0.6 6 6ge ete oe. 5 yrs. abered 714. R. P. Metritis ’16.| Leet, Call (Oet.; e1Tsw ces CS eee 9 cyrs,:2Aported | .'°11;5 2°12; 14 (Ree Calved Feb., ’17. Now in calf...... 5 yrs. Had calves ’16, ’17. Aborted 7 ae TCD eo A055 (0s Sire “akg Sadia taketh tau 5 yrs. Never aborted. Three live calves. R. P. Now in calf.......... 11 yrs. Probably never aborted. Bred seven times for last pregnancy.... 7 ae: Aborted 715. R. P. ’17. Now in COTE 62h ER ier eA Es Oe oe Sais 6 yrs. First calf ’°14 dead. R. P. Me- Ets, “JOLY 17 lasts eCalt ne es 7 yrs. Aborted ’13. Calved ’15. Bred 14° times. NOW invents soo aie oa se 51% yrs. Aborted 714. 715. Calved ’16, FAT OVETIC (OVERIOR Go's i) wikilw ow eae 6% yrs. Never aborted. Five calves.. 5% yrs. Aborted. Now in calf....... 6 yrs. Aborted ’13. Calved °15, ’17. WOT ti i, a ae oe ce eee ert as ae Aborted "43." Calved +16; 717. ie Oe 0 OU ee. ae a He 616. 6 O0le 6:86 © Os rel yrs. Cai ee 9 yrs. Aborted ’11. Calved ’13: Abort- ed "15 sre PPB Gis Aes Cee ees Ore 5 ee ’ Calved "14. Aborted °17. Now ATE OOD, Sas Sa aie vis coer See ee ae 5% yrs. Never aborted. Last calf in Maaren, “LT. Now) in calf ios eae 51% yrs. Not aborted. Calved ’17, 718. 5% yrs. Aborted ’14. Bred 8 times. ach EE Gehi* ee) | - yrs. Aborted "13. Next calves Nov., 716, and Dec., 717 7 yrs. Positive bleed test ’12. Five calves. Now “in ‘ealts > ike igs poe 1% yrs. Heifer. Not bred........... 1% yrs. Heifer. Not bred........... 2 yrs. Heifer. Now in calf.......... 1% yrs. Heifer. Not bred........... 2 yrs. Heifer. Now in calf....:..... 1% yrs. Heifer. Now in calf........ 4° yrs. One ‘Galt, MGtTinie ca eater. Results of 5 Agglutination Test Fe HISTORY | l | yA 0.0510.02| 0.01 |0.005|0.002 ° 1—20/1—50|1-—100|1-200]1-500 1 | Aged cow. Never aborted. Now with Gait. west: Call: April, "18.. 6604 oes —_ -- — a — eo ayy re aeiter,Dam:- is NO Lies en uve + + = — —_— 3 |2 yrs. Heifer. Now with calf. Dam is 1 EEC: SLES 20 a peieeia hee anos Sg be emf Sree Ree -- -- — — + 4 |2 mo. Heifer calf. Dam is No. 1..... - oe oo —_— no 5 | Aged cow. Never aborted. Test calf OES ee Be AEE SSS BC ae ai ils See ae re mete be + oe aa 6 |2 mo. Bull calf. Dam is No. Be ape ea + |— oe 7 | Aged cow. Never aborted. Now with CHE uant, Calf: Jani. 18 6.65 6 + a aa 8 |6 mo. Heifer calf. Dam is No. 7..... + | — — — — 9 |Aged cow. Aborted June, ’12. Now with calf. Last calf: Dec., ’17....... a a a oe + ‘10 |1% yrs. Heifer. Dam is No. 9....... -- -- ae a — 11 |1% yrs. Heifer. Now with calf. Dam SPR: Sagi Ree Mg Nae ie BS eae ee ee ete + -- he + — 12 | Aged cow. Never aborted. Now with Cait ast Galt Dec. 737 2. cikraa eo + + a — — 13°}:6 mor Bull calf.:Dam.is No: 12...6. 23.4 + | — —-/|i—-— -— oath a, ASE. CR fia elk. hes Gaia PR ey sL | — — moe — 15 | Aged cow. Never aborted. Now with ealf. Last calf Dec., PR Liew tata o esate ao — = + - (ie. | mo. Fetter, Dam is No. 16... °... 3.) 8Li b= — — — 17 | 1% yrs. Heifer. Dam is No. 15...... - a oe a 18 | Aged cow. Never aborted. Now with ' iCal. Gast Call Dec. VAT . eee oS a a SL a — 19 | Bull calf. 2 mo. Dam is No. 18...... — | — — 20 | Aged cow. Never aborted. Now with Bat get Galt Mays PLS so fk! ea a — au a 21 | 15 mo. Bull calf. Dam is No. 20..... a +].+ SL a 22 |2 mo; Bull calf. Dam is No. 20...... SL’! SL oo — 23 | Aged cow. Never aborted. Last calf Ugo ae kes etc ia od ohana steele cones ~ a + — 24 | 2 wks. Bull calf. Dam is No. 23...... —|— — 25 | Aged cow. Never aborted. Last calf ban py Uae ¢ 2O-Gs Ga one erie eer mer + _ + + + 26 | Heifer calf. 2 wks. Dam is No. 25....| — | — — —_ — mict yr eteiter, Dam: is Nos 25% .....6.... 6. + | su ae — — 28 | Aged cow. Aborted April, ’18. R. P. POBREMOALE SCN. g 1a oo aot ies wie ee ee a — a aa + 29° +2 yrs. Heifer. Dam is No. 28......%. — - -. —!— 30 |2 yrs. Heifer. Not bred:............ + + + + — 31 | Aged cow. Never aborted. Now with CHIT URMae CAN WIA Ve oe cee et == + + SL oa — 32 |3 mos. Bull calf. Dam is No. 31..... — | — — w= = — 33. | Aged cow. Aborted Jan., ’18.- Now with calf.: Last calf Feb., ’17..... a + + 1. od 34 |1% yrs. Heifer. Dam-is No. 33...... + - oa — -— 35 | Aged cow. Never. aborted. Now with Cali. sbast cal Mays: "18s .c8i. oes. + +) + a a — 36 | 2 mos. Heifer calf. Dam is No. 35.../ + |-+ | + + 3 + (ES NOSES OARS ifs | le ean Se Sa eee ie ptr a. +) + -- oe +. 38 | Aged cow. Never aborted. Now with Cole Meast call -Mebsy "10. :... ck a's ob + + + + —— Pau.) £4. vrs: Heifer: Dam iis No. 38........... + | — aos nas — — 40 | Aged cow. Never aborted. Last calf! MRS NEE ata te cg PINGS eS ghee tana teria ds aise aa + a aL aa + 41 {1% yrs. Heifer. Dam is No. 40...... — j;— — —-- — — 42 | Aged cow. Never aborted. Last calf SO Ae Airs 8 gas s/he ese eos. + | SL —/| —!]— 43 |15 mos. Heifer. Dam is No. 42...... + | sL — — — — 44 | Aged cow. Never aborted. Now with] Suremrt iat etuCdth OCt., CVT. ce oe eae } + ao -/- SL oa C.. PP. FITCH, W, i. BOYD; W. A, BILLINGS HERD E—Continued. ‘ON ‘[eulUy Regresart IDO HISTORY 1% yrs. Heifer. Dam is No. 44...... 9 MOS TICIESR Seo aes eal ae vane oases Aged cow. Never aborted. Now with calf: ast; calf) Septy ii 2os.4 se: 2 yrs., 9 mos. Heifer. Now with calf. Dams: NO i 47s ae oe ea ees ee Aged cow. Never aborted. Hard to get MACH CSOLE Os chen cee She aie eueeee ne 1% yrs. Heifer. Now with calf...... 3 yrs. Heifer. Now with calf....... 3 yrs. Now with calf. Never calved.. Aged cow. Now with calf. Last calf CEL POOL ees seas ore We eee Be ks 1% yrs. Heifer. Dam is No. 53...... 2% yrs. Heifer. Now with calf. Dam AS ING: DOs oie ce so ee Aged cow. Aborted Feb., °18. Now with calf. Last. calf May; “2? Aged cow. Never aborted. Now with calf, ‘Last calf Jan:, (18s feesas: Aged cow. Never aborted. Now with calf, rast calf Sept: Lites eles Buth calf S mMOss wipes pee eae ee ees Aged cow. Aborted May, 18 Last calf Aug., °17 é Heifer. 3 yrs. Now with calf........ 3 yrs. Aborted May, ’18. R. P. Now with calf. Never calved........... Aged cow. Never aborted. Now with Calf. ast car Aue OL es ie aicis oinre Aged cow. Aborted March, ’17. R. P. Now with calf. Last calf April, °18. Aged cow. Never aborted. Now with a ey EO F0 et h cal. Last Calf NOVe hier os sia 1% yrs. Heifer. Dam is No. 65...... # YTS, Herd Duis: «oes aie wie ween Re Aged cow. Never aborted. Last calf 0 os, ees Ce ree ee ye PMS i ee ee re J Aged cow. Aborted Oct., ’16, and Sept., 717. R. P. Now with Calf, i. 21%4 yrs. Heifer. Now with calf...... Aged cow. Never aborted. Last calf Ds) 8 pgs: Sass AE aetc ay tiara em he ee Fee ioe cow. Never aborted. Now with calf. Lest: calf. June, Ls ieee Sess Aged cow. Never aborted. Now with Galt, Last: calt- Sept 2005 vas Aged cow. Aborted Sept., 717. R. P. Pie COll JEM SSP ee sy aka eee eo Aged cow. Never aborted. Now with Galt: Last'icalt: Jamis 26 is. oie ea 5 a 21% yrs. Heifer. Now with calf...... Aged cow. Aborted Oct., ’16. R. P. Now with calf. Last calf Jan., ’18.. Aged cow. Never isa Now with calf, Thast: calf: OGtift lac as ee Aged cow. Never See ia Now with ealf, Toast calioJan wits i tae ee sas Aged cow. Never aborted. Now with ealf. Last calf May, Aged cow. Never aborted. Now with ealf. Last calf Aug., ’ oer eeereeree eeereeeeeeee Results of Agglutination Test 0.05|0.02| 0.01 |0.005/0.002| 0.001 1—20|1-—50|1—-100|1—200|1—500|1-1000 su | — — — — tit tah ah 5 eS — —_ — vagaad AR eA Pane ae TE oe +1 +7 +] +] +) + mei claed? ete eal ees Wels Coes. me Oe ae coe (eter Results of - Agglutination Test es HISTORY Z 0.05/0.02] 0.01 |0.005/0.002| 0.001 ° 1—20/1—50)1—-100]1—200/1—500|1-1000 a-(ie, TOOS. Heiter... i... 06... ig eee hip ee 4 sL | — —_ — —— — te I Pe ig ee sok eb Seeks + | SL — —_ —_ — Oe re SO PRET fe eS ces ewe es 5 8 + | — — — — — ote Oe, EOL Ol 2.06568 6 ee ee — |.— — a —_— — SO Me EOI OL. eco ea ack choke kn oe — |— — — — — Dr I, ROE len ck reese ees tees + | — — — — — ete PIOUOr oes fe ei ee sL | — — a — — ee i OE ig oe ikia ss cc ah es eae —|— —_ — —|— oO MOR: PPCM Or. 6 eo oe eo ee ek — | — pea — i — TO POR ICILOD eo ee re ee ac OR SL | SL — — — — Pe TOR PIOTLOL, 554s coos sok ae ce oo ek — — — oie mi ee ER PROIIOP SS Sak ees se eee wae + | su — — — — 13 | 6 — AOI oc ios ee ils oss cece iw’ SL |-SL a — oo — 14/7 y ET ROP TOO se ik Vs os 3s +/+ SL — — — 15: |-2 hate Bull calf. Dam is No. 14..... — | — — — — — 16 | 3% yrs. One calf. Never aborted... ‘| aa — —_— — — HERD G. Blood drawn July 22, 1918. > Results of . 5. Agglutination Test 5 . = HISTORY z 0.05)0.02/ 0.01 |0.005|0.002! 0.001 ° : 1—20/1—50|1—100|1-200|1-500/1-1000 1|6 yrs. Sterile for 1% yrs. Never oy Fics hacer ead we bales + + SL — a — 2 |6 mos. Heifer calf. Dam is No. 1. + | sL — — — ae si 2 yrs. One calf. Dam is No. 1.3.3.3. a + re ie a 4 +6 mos. ‘Bull calf. Dam is No. 3..:.:. a — + ob — — 5 | 8 yrs. Four calves. Never aborted. + a SL — — — 6. | 3- yrs. One calf. Dam is No: 5...:..: + a + — — — 7 |7 yrs. Aborted ’13. Four live calves. + + + a a a 8 | 2 yrs. One calf. Dam is No. Poe is + — oe a — — o) 7 mos, Beiter. Dam is N@ 8... i... i. SL -— — — — 10 |6 yrs. Aborted first calf. Three calves + + SL -o — an | 256 ote, tleifer. Not bred......:.... + + SL — — — 12 |3 yrs. First calf died of scours. Not ‘ Drees a ye ee ea ee ben vee ss a + + os — — 13 | 6 yrs: Four calves. Never aborted....| + + + a — 14 | 5 mos. Heifer calf. Dam is No. 13. —|— — —_ — 15 |1 yr. Heifer. Not bred. Dam is No. a3 + | — — — — — 16 | 3 yrs. One calf. Now in calf......... + + + SL — — 17 | 4 mos. Heifer calf. Dam is No. 16. SL | SL — ao oo os 18 | 9 yrs. Six calves. Never aborted..... cs Boe Bae SL x — — -19 |1% yrs. Heifer twin. Dam is No. 18.] su | su SL -— ae -a= 20 |1% yrs. Heifer twin. Dam is No. 18.| + + SL a aa oe ree wee, ONG COll. 2. oot ek be ei ees + SL — a oo — 22 |3 mos. Heifer calf. Dam is No. 21. —|— — — — —— me Pas Yre, Seven calves. ....... 66000 8% -S a a — — — 24 |3 yrs. One calf. Dam is No. 23...... a oe SL — — — 25 | 4 mos. Heifer calf. Dam is No. 24...| — | — — — — — 26 |1% yrs. Heifer. Dam is No. 28...... + + + + —— — 27 | 6 yrs. Three calves. Never aborted...}| + ae of — — —_ 28 |3 yrs. Two calves. Never aborted....| + | su SL — — = 29 |3 mos. Heifer calf. Dam is No. 28...) su | — —- — — — Ee AIO CBI i. ei vic ed es eee ee oe a +. — — — ee toc yr. breiter, Dam. is No. 30......3.. ae SL — — — — Berta vis. Two calves. R.oP.. 2... ee eee + | SL — — pele Prasat we ae yrs. Aborted first calf. .....0.... + | su — — pase aL oe 1 te yrae. Now in Calf... 2. csc c sce eee —|— oe = no — 35 |1%% yrs. Heifer, a twin and a “free eS i bie a wala oie pe bs -- SL — aa on — 36 | 4 mos. Heifer Pek Sy o slavew oie eae —_—;j— —_ —_ —_ — Cc. P. FITCH, W. L. BOYD, W. A. BILLINGS HERD H. Blood drawn during May, June and July, 1918. ‘ON [eullUy COIHDUIP WN 10 11% yrs. Heifer. Not bred Results of the Agglutination Test HISTORY 0.01 1-100 | 0.002 1-500 1 yr. Heifer. Not bred 8 mos. Heifer. Not bred yrs. Heifer. yrs. Heifer. yrs. Heifer. yrs. Heifer. yrs. Heifer. . Heifer. . Heifer. . Heifer. . Heifer. . Heifer. 10 mos. Heifer. 1 yr. Heifer. Not bred 1 yr. Heifer. Not bred 1 yr. Heifer. Not bred LiVeP:; TLCWer NOL DIOCG oo 5s cae ea 1% yrs. Heifer. Not bred 1% yrs. Heifer. Not bred 13 yrs. Never aborted 8 yrs. Two calves. Sterile........... 14 yrs. Aborted ’15. Last calf ’718.... To yrs. Dystocia frst: calf. 752.2585, 8 yrs. Dead calf 714. Live calf 715, 716 and 718 5 mos. Bull. Dam,is No. 25 5 yrs. Aborted ’15. Had heifer calf 15S Ree Pi Ee ee oy eee ee eee ee? re ee ey Che oe | he ee ee aie tee See rd ee er a ove eee ween ee a ed oe ee ee ew wee a rd ee ee ee ee ee | ee ee a 6) 6-608 6. 0 a eS ee ee eee eee eens Ct we Bl we at ee ee ee + O16 70 ee OO 8 e696 ip) One 6.6 6-6 68. oe Calta ee Pees ee 3 yrs. Aborted first calf Feb., Dam is No. 28 9 yrs. Never aborted 9 yrs. Never aborted 3 yrs. First calf Feb., °18. Dam is INO Obs voce poeta Gee Conia wees 20 days. Heifer calf. Dam is No. 32.. 5 yrs. Aborted 7°16. Calved 717, ’18... 5 mos. Bull calf. Dam is No. 34 S yrs, Never aborted «a. 6 ik es es 2 mos. Bull calf. Dam is No. 36 3 yrs. Calved Dec., 717. Afterwards hydrosalipyns. Steric. 2. ek ee 6 mos. Bull calf. Dam is No. 38 3 yrs. Calved Feb., ’18. Bred many EPMNOCS- SINC a re a ee 5 days. Heifer calf. Dam is No. 4@.. 3 VPS. 7 NOW With Call.) bec i. 3 yrs. Aborted 716. Not bred 8 yrs. Aborted 717. Always live calves before . 3 yrs. “Free martin.’”’ Dam is No. 44. 6 yrs. Aborted 716. Calved ’17. Now in calf 3 yrs. First calf died. Dam is No. 46. 10 yrs. Never aborted 4 yrs. Two live calves 8 mos. Heifer. Dam is No. 49 5 yrs. Two calves 8 yrs. Never aborted 5 yrs. Two calves 9 yrs. Never aborted 9 yrs. R. P. ’17. Bred six times 7 yrs. R. P. Shy breeder. Three calves. 38 mos. Heifer calf. Dam is No. 56... ee cd a ee ey ee ee eee ee eee Cr ee Pe ee eee eee eee ee eee rd see eee eee wee eee eee Ce i ee eee 6 yrs. Four calves. Never aborted... 4 mos. Heifer calf. Dam is No. 58...| + a. [+| | B4++4+4+]4+]4+4+ ++ +44+/ +| bit Pee et a Ra EL EL dl ea [+] | [++4+4+/4]/8 +] +44] es Eat ees ei et 4 4 | + 4- et Lak bt ee Ee el dol ee | Pt+ Li4dat ++ | Decker esas Gece PEPE aa tad | + Lid POP Cnet ees sees LPITLIT EI I+tt dd PoP ee eee meee Pi Gd dab eh LI | 2 Li-+ sf BOe ex: mec Ee [| ‘ VALUE OF BLOOD TESTS IN CONTAGIOUS ABORTION 695 HERD H—Continued. oS | Animal No. HISTORY NOS. PICILOR ov Meese oer os eae ames 5 yrs. Three calves. Never aborted.. 3 yrs. Heifer. Malformed genitals. MRATIGGAe. use. seen ear wre Su mete 3 yrs. One calf. Now with calf...... 5 yrs. Three calves. Never aborted.. 5 yrs. First calf dead. Two calves. INOW. WWIUN: CALL. scieicie 4 col teas de wlaee Be 1 ay, Heifer calf. Dam is No. i 5 yrs. Two calves. Dam is No. 66. 2 mos. Heifer calf. Dam is No. 68.... 4 yrs. One calf. Now with calf. Dam Bees ie cok Ce re he oie ee ee ete 2 mos. -Heifer calf. Dam is-No. 70... 3 yrs. Aborted 717. Dam is No. 66.... 6 mos. Bull calf. Dam is No. 72...... 5 yrs. Two calves. Never aborted.... 9 yrs. R. P. 718. Never aborted...... 5 mos. Bull calf. Dam is No. -75..... Bayes INCVGL: BDOTtRE. is ois bai Wisp ae 2 yrs. Now with calf. Dam is No. 77. 4 yrs. One calf. Bred seven times. MT PC INOIUT Os ao woe dlewig-cls's 6 gate ue er AVG, CALVO. ob ccd walg Urea hue os 3 mos. Heifer calf. Dam is No. 81... a V¥re bt. Eh Never aborted, .... 20... 5 mos. Bull calf. Dam is No. 83..... i yrs. Has been sterile. 0.0.0. .s 7 mos. Bull calf: Dam is No. 85..... 4 yrs. Two calves. Dam is No. 85... fh 00s: (bull cait. Dam. is Nok 87.6. <. 10 yrs. Had calf with abortion exu- PICO A te iets uieaie sae eele Pi arg es 1 day. Heifer calf. Dam is No. 89.... 4 yrs. One calf. Dam is No. 89...... 4 mos. Heifer calf. Dam is No. 91.... Vai CORO OA NE ig oe es aig Rs 12 yrs. Last calf Feb., 717. Metritis.. 4 yrs. One calf. Dam is No. 94...... 9 mos. Bull calf. Dam is ING SO cia es txts Pave calves. Ri-P. in 714 oo ons. 2 weeks. Heifer calf. Dam is No. 97.. 8 yrs. Aborted 713. No trouble since.. BUTS UR DOPeSO HITS CALE. rele sc seis, eos MUTA s EIOller Galt. <5 62s taste Sods eee oe DOVES ta1VeCO TOSUIATLY ¢ . sips ee eee s 1 day. Heifer calf. Dam is No. 102... 3 yrs. Now in calf. Dam aborted three aU n a OR ee at ee ras tsi a bets 2 yrs. Calved gh NS GRE aa Sa aera 1 mo. Bull calf. Dam is No..105..... Bacvies.: Abportea 16 and 415. RiP. PVCS MVine CAVES 6) o2 655.5 6's Scie ey 0 Meer NOSES TA ERY CLT cick oo wc: § 0 e360 ls 0d goa meh Goyrs; Has: been sterile. i. ....:...00. 66). 2’ 8 Oe Troubled with sterility since 4 yrs. Herd 1 TREES SRE ES Ry Se Be tO Otis. ct Sic Via of cia whine 4's ete RTCEED CANE oi. dace db eisle sfo,0: 830 a; e80 ie EW De ERGO Lh 0) oS. < dees Re eel. oles er SIOU UT aig kerk ibe ols base aeele Mee TIT OCTOD UE 2 oi5 15 bpie'e o's ole tees eee ME ESET CE SULIT: yo 0c 0 8.0: 0 8.0m 8 eye 8 88 Resuits of the Agglutination Test | | | | 0.01 |0.005|0.002 0.05|0.02 0.001 1—20]1—50/1—-100/1—200|1-500|1-1000 4 ilk bee ioe agit ae ae Petia OES Pet Ret sagen pe oe ee hs Ser giapee ch, reer be ae ee Sy ae Fels I: eS ee MET wee Cake eit se ie ge a ee mM es Pa eh atk Cee 29 Gee TO 1. el Ore eer a su |/—/ —| —|—].— Re Wik ee acte Bee oe Posts Maoh du Pre gn ae a “(xa [ors Aoi eel Some Boe + | SL —_ — et fae Tp | ep a ee aeons eS oe “By | ces 1 ee ees ore Eber dee be oe eid ab Bh itt Sie ete eee eee Eo 7 Tr SkSBCy : ae Aer pier ee ae ee SL | SL —_ —_ — — oo) A Ret sbi bere oh) SOR ORS lee cee eee Be es i ee ns ae ee Bod a a bie eee Tai Bile, ski Weigle beaE 2, gl oo score tera — = all gee eee Ge ee ab Pia ee eres 4 Wis sok mG Gel, Giadic sa alee Sb |e Sg rie 2 BW ORI os are ca ee ee THOS) UY CAlEs Chee ee cee et TWO8. sil CBS. Sere. sole eae M08? sll GAME Vocus cei as beens OG. : SU ele ee ee eek eo eres 6% yrs. Never aborted.....i.:..... 3 mos. Bull calf. Dam is No. 11..... 38 mos. Bull calf Tis i eee she Se Tata eae ae to 00 OMIM COTO DD ies te 2 mos. Bull calf. Dam is No. 14..... 3% yrs. Never aborted............. 2 mos. Heifer calf. Dam is No. 16... 2 NOS, FIC GP: COll. oe sass se es ae : £56 “VOR Ee Be ee ss Ca eee ras 2 mos. Heifer calf. Dam is No. 19... 2 M08, : Meier Galt. Sc ora. ee ok 2 Mmos) Helfer Galt... ect cee ee 3% yrs. Heifer. Never aborted...... 2 mos. Heifer calf. Dam is No. 23... 2° moe.) Herler 20ait soe. eee eae aoe 4% yrs. Never aborted............. 2 mos. Heifer calf. Dam is No. 26.. e mos, Helfer calf... se hte hace 2 NOR, ROU Gr CRAL. ok cies © bites otc 2 anos, Heifer Galt. is on oes Ss: mos. Pleifer Gait so. ocak haere 1%, yrs. Has aborted.............0% 14 yrs. Never aborted. .....05..... 12% yrs. Never aborted............ 41%4 yrs. Non-breeder. One calf...... 3% yrs. One calf. Aborted ’18....... 3% yrs. Never aborted............. 13% yrs. Never aborted............ 3 yrs. Never aborted...........:06e. 4% yrs. Never aborted............. 4 Yre. Never Aborted se FN eee. 4 yrs. Never aborted ik ae Se Bee VIS kee eee bea, Cease 8% di Never aborted......222222; 81% y NeV6r “ADOrted (ota ee eens 13%" Neca: Non-breeder............. $36 yrs. Fad: GeRa Twink) os5 ec A new cow in’ the: herd. Tee 4% yrs. Never aborted............. 4% yrs. Never aborted............. 3% yrs. History unknown.......... 414 yrs. Never aborted............. 3% -yrs. Never aborted............;. 4% yrs. Never aborted............. yrs. Dropped six weeks calf..... R: Ps 17 VYs: OMe CHATS Fes a Stee ebicks Vrs, “One Mve. Call. ih. eo es ate i% yrs. ‘Never aborted. oo. 2% “yrs. HIStory .UnRnOWES 6 ess os MISA td 4 mae A: © a Oo, 8 ae ° > B | 0. 5 01 100 | | 0.005 1-200 SL [44422] | | | |+4t4++84+84+4| 84+] 4144+] [+4] 4+84+1 1 4+821 1 (+2141 18 | [+2+1 11 PEEP Peep ett] +i e beetle il beri ibe rit tile t+ Pat EER ECEH 8 bee eRE PES aT BS es areal) aed PELEEE EEE EL EREEEPEELEE GEE BECE EEL RPE ie Pease Eblst belle bate bee el peeled ld ele ble idl tt tod ELV VALUE OF BLOOD TESTS IN CONTAGIOUS ABORTION 697 The herd tests have been given in full because they should be considered as a group. A careful study of these reactions shows several important features. M’Fadyean in 1912 as a result of testing: 535 presumably healthy cattle stated that: ‘‘One will be justified in regarding complete agglutination with a serum dilution of 1 in 50 or 1 in 100 as strong evidence of infection.’’ Briill considered that agglutination in a dilution of 1 to 64 was doubtful. From these results, as well as the results of other workers, it has been custom- ary to consider a reaction in a dilution of 1-50 as very suspicious ‘and an agglutination at 1-100 as positive evidence of infection. The results here reported would indicate that this standard was too high. Many calves, especially from 6 to 8 months of age, do not react with 0.05 ¢.c. (1-20 dilution). Also many cows which have not aborted and heifers do not react with this amount of serum. On the other hand, several animals with clear histories of abortions do not react above 0.02 ¢.c. (1-50). In the beginning of this work we used for our first tube 0.1 ¢.c. of serum (1-10 dilution). In many instances we found animals the blood serum of which did not agglutinate with this amount. The discolor- ation which this large amount of serum caused in the test fluid and the consequent difficulty of reading the tube caused us to abandon it as a routine test. It would seem as a result of these observations as if an agglutination with 0.05 ¢.c. serum (1-20 dilution) should be considered as an indication that the animal has been or is infected with Bact. abortus. The agglutinating antibodies might also be derived from the dam and the individual never harbor the germ as in the case of a very young calf. Rettger and Davis pointed out that: ‘‘Calves give the same blood reactions at the time of birth as their dams. Whether positive or negative at the beginning of extra-uterine life, all become non-reactors by the time they are six to seven montis of age. Some change from positive to negative within the first two or three months, while the greater number require a somewhat longer period.’’ The results here reported do not bear out the first part of this statement in that calves have the same aggluti- nation titre as their dam. Some calves do have the same aggluti- natin reactions as the cows but others do not. From the results of our work we cannot verify Rettger and Davis’s statement in this particular. In part this is explained by the fact that they employed only 1-50 and 1-100 dilutions. Our work does show, however, that animals from six to ten months of age as a rule 698 Cc. P. FITCH, W. Ll. BOYD, W. A. BILLINGS fail to react even though they may have given positive tests earlier in life. This agrees with Rettger and Davis’s conclusions, and is a very important point to keep in mind when considering the test from the control standpoint. As had been pointed out, this period seems to be the most critical in the life of the animal and all possible precautions should be taken to guard against infection. A comparison of the tests from the different herds shows that the total number of strongly positive reactions are much higher in herds which have large numbers of animals aborting. This is strikingly shown by a comparison of the tests of Herds D and E with those of Herds C and I. On the other hand, it will be noted that many discrepancies are shown in tests of individuals as compared with their breeding histories. i esy Rested : For some unexplained reason the spirillum has not caused an abortion during the. first pregnancy of any cow, but in all cases in which the spirillum has thus far been demonstrated the abor- tion has occurred during a second or later pregnancy. No inocu- ‘lation tests have yet been made owing to a lack of suitable sub- jects. It is desirable—in fact, essential—that experiment animals “used in the crucial test should be perfectly free from infection, with either Bang’s bacillus or the spirillum, and they should like- wise be free from any immunity to these infections gained by 736 H. PRESTON HOSKINS exposure to them. Serological tests have been delayed, owing to the difficulty of getting the organism to grow satisfactorily on artificial media not containing blood or tissues. If subsequent investigations show that the new organism is capable of producing abortion, as does the Bang bacillus, it is difficult to predict. just what effect it will have on our present methods of handling the abortion problem. The next step will be for other investigators, in different localities, to try and con- firm the findings of Dr. Smith. The fact that abortions among — sheep and cattle in Ireland and Wales have already been reported as due to organisms similar to the spirillum is quite suggestive of the widespread character of the infection. Are the irregular results that have been obtained with bacterins made from B. abortus due to the fact that this organism was not operating in a certain percentage of the cases? CONCLUSIONS. 1. The concensus of opinion, as expressed by recognized authorities, is to the effect that vaccines and bacterins made from dead abortion bacilli are of no real value in the prevention, cure or control of the disease. 2. Such preparations are probably harmless, in so far as any danger to the treated animals is concerned, but they may possess a potential danger by causing veterinarians to overlook other methods for handling the disease. 3. If veterinarians wish to make and preserve a reputation for being careful observers, scientific workers and ethical prac- titioners they should keep in mind the nature of this abortion disease and its sequele, treat it accordingly and endeavor to interpret results intelligently, at all times holding themselves aloof from any connection with the so-called ‘‘no-cure-no-pay”’ propositions. 4. Experiments with vaccines consisting of vie organisms are apparently more encouraging, according to the work thus far reported. If a stable product can be prepared, for use under actual conditions, and a safe method of distribution and admin- istration devised, the product may prove to be of considerable value in the control of the disease. 5. The use of anti-abortion serum is rather limited, owing to , the nature of the disease. Theoretically, its employment in cer- tain conditions is perfectly rational, if the value of the cow or her progeny warrants the expense. STATUS OF SPECIFIC TREATMENT FOR CONTAGIOUS ABORTION 737 6. Some clinical observations would suggest that the colon organism is more important, the common diseases of the new-born ealf, than B. abortus, even though the latter is found in some eases of scours, pneumonia, arthritis, ete. 7. Our problem may be further complicated if the researches of Dr. Theobald Smith are confirmed, and it is shown that there are two organisms, instead of one, responsible for the abortions so prevalent among our cattle. REFERENCES. * Bang, B. The Etiology of Epizodtic Abortion. Jour. of Comp. Path. and Therap., X (1897), p. 125. * MacNeal, W. J., and Kerr, Josephine E. Bacillus Abortus of Bang, the Cause of Contagious Abortion in Cattle. Jour. of Inf. Dis., VII (1910), 3, pp. 469-475. * Anderson, J. S. Annual Report of the State Veterinarian of Nebraska (1918), pp. 119-120. *Van Es, L. Abortion Disease in Cattle. North Dakota Agricul- tural Experiment Station, Cire. No. 18 (1918). * McFadyean, J., and Stockman, S. Epizootie Abortion in Cattle. London, 1909. Report of the Departmental Committee Ap- pointed by the Board of Agriculture and Fisheries to In- quire into Epizootic Abortion. * Eichhorn, Adolph, and Potter, George M. The Present Status of the Abortion Question. Jour. A. V. M. A., 3 (1916), ‘pp. 295-307. * Cotton, Chas. E. Contagious Abortion from a Practitioner’s Standpoint. Jour. A. V. M. A., 3 (1916), 1, pp. 12-23. * Palmer, C. C. Some Observations on Abortion and Its Sequele. Veterinary Alumni Quarterly, VI (1918), 1, pp. 122-1381. * Thatcher, R. W. 25th Annual Report of the Agricultural Ex- periment Station, University of Minnesota (1917), p. 53. 7° Williams, W. L. Contagious Abortion of Cattle. Cornell Read- . ign Course for the Farm, Lesson 131. 1 Hadley, F. B. Contagious Abortion Questions Answered. Agr. Exp. Sta., University of Wisconsin (1918), Bulletin 296. 12 Smith, Theobald. Spirilla Associated with Disease of the Fetal Membranes in Cattle (Infectious Abortion). Jour. Exp. _ Med., XXVIII (1918), 6, pp. 701-721. HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA. G. E. JORGENSON, Assistant State Veterinarian, Clermont, Iowa. Hemorrhagic septicemia is and has for the past few years drawn the attention of the veterinary profession to a greater or lesser degree depending upon the locality. Here in this section of Iowa the disease is frequently met. with. Although no species of animals appear immune to the disease, the only forms that I have encountered is the bovine and swine form. Hemorrhagic septicemia is caused by a group of organisms known as the Pasteurella or Bacillus Bipolaris Septicus group. It is a non-motile, gram negative, rod-shaped organism, 0.5 by 1 micron in size, showing a tendency toward bi-polar staining. As far as known it produces no endotoxin, hence no antitoxin is pro- duced. ‘The immunity conferable is based upon an aggressin and consequent anti-aggressin production; at any rate, regardless of the basic constituents of the immune bodies, immunity is, and can be, artificially produced, as is shown both in the laboratory and in the field. In the outbreaks that I have observed, it was of an intense bacteremia type, acute and of'a rapid course, ending in death: The above statement refers to the bovine type only. Autopsy of the dead animals revealed the characteristic petechia and ecchymosis, together with an albuminous degenera- tion of the parenchymatous organs, and in some, in which death was retarded, a mixed form of pneumonia was seen. I have as yet never seen a case of the cutaneous form, the forms seen being of a pneumo-enterice bacteremia. Various forms of treatment of the sick animals have been ’ tried, including sod. cacodylate and sol. iodine, bacterins and normal serum, but the treatment has been a waste of time in my experience. Prophylactic treatment, however, has been followed by very successful and encouraging results. This is accomplished by sub- cutaneous injections of a sterile suspension of the killed organ- isms, together with their cultural products. A single treatment usually is sufficient. However, I have met with outbreaks in several herds where a second treatment was necessary. HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA 739 It appears that this organism is the etiological feature in a fatal form of pneumo-enteritis in young calves. I have observed such a condition in several herds, in which there was evidence of a chroni¢ bronchial pneumonia, complicated with chronic enter- itis, running a course of weeks, and even two months, end- ing finally in death. Autopsy of these animals shows a mixed condition of the lungs from congestion to hepatization, with a hemorrhagic or purulent exudate; the intestines showing a chronic hemorrhagic inflammation, the mucosa considerably thickened and, in some cases, ulcers were noted. Smears from these cases show a mixed infection. In the lungs I have found, besides the bipolaris organism, the usual respiratory flora of cocci, from strep to pneumococci and staphylococci. However, they are probably secondary invaders. In the intestines the bi- polar organism was also seen, together with colon and other saprophytic organisms. Experimental inoculations of rabbits with material from these cases have invariably caused death in twenty-four to forty-eight hours, and the usual lesions of hemor- rhagic septicemia observed on autopsy. Treatment of these cases has been unsatisfactory. However, here, again, injections of the killed organism into the well individuals of the herd has checked the spread of the disease. The form encountered in swine has been usually of the pneu- monic form chronic in nature and running in course from a few days to weeks. Some cases have shown intestinal lesions and several have shown an acute form, dying in a few hours and showing lesions of septicemia. By far the usual course, as stated above, was of a chronie nature, the symptomatology of which was a chronic cough on exertion, inappetence, emaciation and death. Autopsy showed a mixed pneumonia, of a bronchial and inter- stitial nature, with a fibrinous or purulent exudate and a fibri- nous pleuritis. Bronchial and mediastinal lymph glands hemor- rhagic. A simple pericarditis and an ulcerative endocarditis has also been seen in some cases, while in others a myocarditis has been seen. The balance of the organs show the usual lesions of a chronic infectious disease. No treatment has been successful in these cases, the only procedure that seems of practical use being immunization. I have not had as good results with a straight bipolaris bacterin in these cases as I have had with a mixed bacterin containing a certain percentage of strepto, staphylo, and pneumococci, to- gether with several strains of colon bacilli. Smears from the 740 Cc. H. STANGE lungs of dead animals show that there is always a mixed infec- tion, hence the better results from the use of a mixed bacterin. As the lesions of a mild form of cholera are almost identical, when the kidney petechia are not present (and, as a matter of fact, when they are present as the writer has seen them in hemor- rhagie septicemia that cleared up on vaccinating with that spe- cific vaccine only), cholera is sometimes overlooked. This has happened to the writer and only a laboratory diagnosis showed the true state of affairs. It is in such eases that vaccination with the bipolar organism only does not give the results. In these eases the administration of the simultaneous cholera method will invariably stop the losses. In conelusion, I will say that in the last few years we have learned a good deal about these infections, but there is still much to be cleared up before we can really say that we understand it in every detail. THE SWINE DISEASE SITUATION.* C. H. STANGE, Ames, Iowa. There is no other subject confronting the practitioner that is more debatable or confusing at the present time than ailments of swine. There are reports from various parts of the country con- cerning new or heretofore unknown diseases, and veterinarians should be very careful in rendering a diagnosis in such eases, and especially in applying some specific name. Our conception of what certain specific diseases actually are necessarily under- goes a change from time to time, which leads to confusion rather than a clarification of the situation, unless based upon reliable and confirmed investigations. - With the possible exception of the condition called by some ‘‘TInfluenza of Swine,’’ concerning which I have no definite knowledge either from a pathological or etiological standpoint, and which is not considered in this paper, I wish to point out that we have not met with anything new, neither have we found any pathological changes which have not been observed for the last thirty-five or forty years. We are simply obscuring our own vision and allowing ourselves to be misled into paths of confusion and bewilderment by pee every proposed new classification or name. * Read before Iowa Veterinary Association, January 23, 1919. Ne Le a See THE SWINE DISEASE SITUATION ~ : 741 In 1878 Congress appropriated ten thousand dollars, being its first, for the investigation of swine diseases. The 1885 Report of the Bureau of Animal Industry in reporting swine plague (hog cholera) says that ‘‘for about three feet from the valve (ileo cecal) the entire mucosa of the ileum was necrosed, stained yel- lowish and could be scraped off.’’ In the cecum ‘“‘the mucous membrane came aways in lots.’’ In transmitting the report in 1889 of work done by Salmon and Smith, Salmon says: ‘‘It has been dscovered in the course of these investigations that there are two very different and distinct epizodtic diseases of swine in this country which are widely prevalent, and which had pre- viously been spoken of under the one name of hog cholera or swine plague. These two names had, therefore, been used synony- mously previous to 1886, when the differences between the dis- eases were pointed out in the reports of this Bureau. It was then deemed best to apply the term hog cholera to that disease in which the intestines were found most affected.’’ This same report in describing the lesions of hog cholera says: “In some cases the necrosis, instead of appearing in circum- scribed ulcers from one-sixteenth to one-half inch or more across, involves the whole surface of the mucosa, giving it the appear- ance of a so-called diphtheritic membrane. In such eases the walls of the intestine are very much thickened and so friable as to be easily torn with the forceps in handling. Such necrosis is rare in spontaneous cases, but it quite invariably appears in animals which have been fed with pure cultures of hog cholera bacilli.’’ ) The distribution of the ulcers varies but slightly. They ap- pear most frequently in the cecum and on the ileo-cxeal valve, as well as in the upper half of the colon. The lower half is impli- cated in severe cases only, and then less extensively. In this report, which was issued thirty years ago, we find accurately described every condition we are able to find today. When the discovery of hog cholera virus was announced in 1903 a basis for the scientific, systematic control of the disease was laid and our conception of hog cholera was revised. The develop- ment of hog cholera serum was the logical result. ‘This illustrates the futility of attempting classification and suggesting specific prevention or treatment of infectious diseases unless and until the specific cause can be definitely established, as a knowledge of the cause of a disease affords not only a sound but the only basis of successful prevention and rational treatment. 742 Cc. H. STANGE The discovery of the virus also led to the conclusion and sug- gestion by some authorities that intestinal and pulmonary lesions . were secondary and that they were of no significance if the virus could be controlled. Thus followed the period when hog cholera was regarded as the only disease of importance among swine. In . the past few years, however, we have found that the so-called secondary conditions, although not uncommonly associated with hog cholera, may and frequently do exist independently, as they probably have for a half century or more. As a result of this development the disease characterized by lesions produced by B. suipestifer, already referred to, was left without a name. Salmonellosis has been suggested, but very fortunately is not being adopted, as it has nothing to recommend it. Necro- bacillosis is now quite generally used for the necrotic or diphther- itic enteritis. This name, in some eases, may be correct, but is absolutely wrong when the condition is caused by organisms other than B. necrophorus, as has been found by numerous in- vestigators. In some European investigations there is quite con- stantly found an organism closely related to, if not the same as B. suipestifer, and the disease, which so far as can be ascertained is similar to the diphtheritic condition of the intestine found here, is called pig typhus. Others have found other organisms, among which are B. necrophorus. Much work still remains to be ~ done before we can state whether the disease has one specific or several causative agents. Until research laboratories are able to clarify the etiology, let us ‘‘keep our feet on the ground,’’ as we are dealing with conditions that have existed before many of us were old enough to show an interest in diseases of any kind. In fact, reports issued from 1885-1889 contain some of the finest descriptions and color plates of conditions exactly as we find them today that can be found anywhere. The first and most important fact practitioners should deter- mine in all eases is whether hog cholera virus is actually present. We should be very certain that virus is not present before the owner is advised that his hogs are not suffering from hog cholera and serum will do no good. The tendeney a few years ago was to call everything hog cholera. At present it is in the opposite direction, the favorite names being pis leseeinser or necrotic en- teritis (neerobacillosis ) and ‘‘Flu.’’ The mixed infection bac- terin propaganda put on by commercial concerns has helped to bring on the present situation. . ow ft i Sao Cc! Hh al ian TN THE SWINE DISEASE SITUATION 743 In view of the fact that the lesions produced by organisms other than hog cholera virus in outbreaks of hog cholera may exist as independent diseases in cases where the virus has not been present and further that the above facts are becoming gener- ally reognized by the veterinary profession, we should consider that th> situation, according to our knowledge today, suggests the following: (a) Hog cholera caused by a filterable virus. When uncom- plicated, lesions are almost exclusively of a hemorrhagic nature and frequently very few lesions are present. Its course is acute — and there is no known cure. It is by far the most contagious and fatal disease we have among swine, but can be effectually pre- vented by properly prepared and carefully administered serum. One attack or proper serum-virus treatment confers durable im- munity. (b) Diphtheritic or necrotic enteritis (pseudo hog cholera, pig typhus, para typhus of hogs, bacillary hog cholera, necro- bacillosis, salmonellosis, ete.), which in the light of our present knowledge may be caused by one or more of the following organ- isms: a . Suipestifer. Salmon and Smith. .enteriditis. Gartner. coli. .typhisuis. Glasser. . voldagsen. Damman and Stedefeder. . necrophorus. > Ot we 99 PO Soles e-Mecles The lesions are those particularly emphasized and regarded as most characteristic by Salmon and Smith in describing the dis- ease named by them ‘‘Hog-Cholera.’’ At present since the name hog cholera has been appropriated for the disease caused by the virus it is erroneously very commonly called necrobacillosis. It is most frequently found in herds where some disease, con- dition of nutrition or other influence has caused a reduction in vitality and consequent decreased resistance of tissues. We are not certain, however, that this is always necessary. Experience in many cases seems to indicate that it is not. There may be localized inflammatory cedema in the early stages. Later, how- ever, the changes most often seen are localized ulcers covered with diphtheritic membranes, usually in the cecum. In some cases the process may extend to a large section of the lower por- tion of the small intestine and the upper portion of the large. 744 - - @, HY STANGE The wall may become thickened and the intestine resemble in form a piece of garden hose. efitat (c) Swine plague. This disease, usually pulmonary in form, is caused by B. suisepticus. As a primary disease it most fre- quently occurs sporadically and only occasionally may become enzootic. While practically all forms of pneumonia may be found in hogs, 7. e., catarrhal, croupous, necrotic, verminous, etc., most cases could probably safely be placed under swine plague which lost the highly contagious character formerly attributed to it when hog cholera virus was discovered to be present in the extensive outbreaks. I believe that the prevalence of a highly acute disease caused by this organism, which some prefer to eall hemorrhagic septicemia, is very much exaggerated. Several other organisms, such as streptococci, staphylococci, Bacillus coli, Bacillus pyocyaneus and, in a large percentage of cases, Bacillus pyogenes suis are found. Under favorable condi- tions any of the above may produce pneumonia which cannot be distinguished in most cases from the disease caused by B. suisep- ticus or what is known as swine plague. We must remember, however, that the simple finding of an organism does not estab- lish it as an etiological factor. Some, in fact, may be found in healthy hogs. This is especially true of the bipolar organisms. Whether we shall call this condition swine plague, hemorrhagic septicemia or still some other name, let us not change until we are certain that we have an improvement, that the name is ap- plicable to the condition and earries a significance to the user thereof. Both of the lose diseases and (c)—are, most frequently found associated with hog cholera because the invasion of the body by a filterable virus predisposes it to secondary infection and in many eases the symptoms and lesions of the primary dis- ease are obscured. There is, therefore, according to this concep- tion, no intestinal or pectoral form of hog cholera, and probably few cases, if any, of chronic hog cholera. The inflammatory necrotic conditions in the pulmonary and digestive organs are distinct diseases and should be regarded as such whether com- plicating hog cholera or not. =. ae eer Ce os ad mea TICK ERADICATION PLANS FOR sb Pag / J. R. MOHLER, Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry.. Mr. Chairman, Fellow Employees of the Bureau of Animal Industry and Friends: _ Since coming into this gathering of those so vitally interested in tick eradication, my mind has reverted to a somewhat similar but decidedly smaller meeting which was held®at Richmond, Va., in the fall of 1905. The occasion was the annual convention of the Southern Commissioners of Agriculture, and the audience consisted of less than two score men. I was afforded -the privi- lege of choosing for my topic whatever subject I considered the chief prerequisite in tick eradication and I selected the title ‘‘ The Education of the Owner of Ticky Cattle.’’ In those days men like one of the late Senators of South Carolina thought tick eradication was ridiculous and on one occasion while visiting Clemson College he said his grandfather’s cattle had ticks, his father’s cattle had ticks, and his own cattle had ticks, and if they were harmful he would have found it out ere this. How- ever, long before this able man died he was an ardent tick erad- icator and the State which so signally honored him was taken out of Federal quarantine, as you all know, on the first of last December. : It is ‘a long, tortuous trail from those early days to the present and it has been one of constant effort on all our parts to educate, re-educate, and then educate once more. The conference we are attending this week would fall far short of its purpose unless while meeting here we got renewed spirit from past achievements to surmount the obstacles that remain before American soil will be freed forever from the’ cattle fever tick. It would not be worth while unless every one of us carries away with him a clear idea of what we plan to do this year and a determination to do his full part. There is no man in this meeting who cannot be proud, now and hereafter, of his share in the fight against the tick. You are doing a constructive work that has met with phenomenal success, especially in recent years, and in the first years as well, consider- ing the prejudice and ignorance that had to be combated at that *Address at conference of B. A. I. Employees, New Orleans, Feb. 11, 1919. 746 ; INO. R. MOHLER time. The work that has been done is its own argument, and the effort that remains is amply justified by the benefits from past accomplishments. When the work is finally completed, when the tick has been permanently eradicated, you will have erected your own monu- ment, and will enjoy the satisfaction of knowing that you have done something of real value for your country and the human race. Few of us have had the privilege to wear the khaki in the world strugele that has just ended in complete victory for the Allies and the United States. It would be presumptuous to think that any American who did not risk his life for his country could have given service comparable to that of the boys who bled and died. But, at the same time, we were all working for our country, and we were all doing work that was essential to victory. It is not too much to believe that had the war stretched several years more, it would have been decided by the reserves of beef that the South possesses as the direct result of tick eradication. Even with our comparatively short participation, the meat that the South was able to produce, because of the absence of the tick, weighed powerfully in the food balance. So, while you wore no uniforms, dipped cattle without the inspiration of brass bands or bugle calls, and performed tasks that might have seemed hum- drum when your hearts were ‘‘over there,’’ you have done as your country instructed, and no man can do more. | But your work was not for the war alone, and the benefits of it will remain long after the gory horror of autocracy’s downfall will be remembered only for the heroes it produced. You are making the South tick-free, and when you have done that the nation will be your debtor. Tick eradication in the past two years has made a notable record. I 1917 the 70,754 square miles released from Federal quarantine far surpassed the record of any previous year. Again, in 1918, the release of 79,217 square miles eclipsed all previous accomplishments. These figures would command attention at any time. But they become truly remarkable when we remember that in 1917 and 1918 the United States was at war, and every energy of the American people was bent toward the one aim of whipping the Hun. Many of our Bureau men joined the colors, tens of thousands of men left the farms of the South for the army, it was difficult to ship supplies into this section because of the demands of the cantonments, everything was submerged beneath TICK ERADICATION PLANS FoR 1919 747 the one dominating purpose. But, despite all that, tick erad- ication in 1917 broke all records, and in 1918 we found that 1917 was nearly 9,000 square miles too slow. Much of the credit for these record-breaking accomplishments belongs to you, the representatives of the Federal Government in the fight against the tick. But we should be vain and foolish if we tried to appropriate all, or even most, of the credit. We must give full recognition, in the first place, to the cooperative work of the State governments and State agricultural colleges, and the county governments. We must acknowledge the aid of such organizations as the Southern Cattlemen’s Association, the Texas Cattle Raisers’ Association, the Florida Tick Eradication Committee, the Southern Settlement and Development organiza- tion, the Georgia Land Owners’ Association, and the Southern Pine Association. We must recognize the consistent and clear- sighted support of the daily and weekly newspapers and the agri- -eultural and live stock journals of the South, without whose aid we might still be battling with prejudice everywhere. And we must give due credit to the associations of the bankers and other business men who have led their communities to a realization of _ the benefits of tick eradication. | - More than that, we must, everyone, take off our hats to the farmers, live stock raisers, and other people, in general, of the South. We must remember that while these people were helping tick radication, they were not only buying Liberty Bonds, sub- scribing to the Red Cross and other organizations, and sending their sons to war, but were accomplishing notable things in rais- ing the food crops that were regarded as essential to a strong America: When the slogan, ‘‘The South Must Feed Itself,’’ was sounded the farmers of the South answered. Before the war the South imported annually about $600,000,000 worth of corn, hay, grains, mixed feed, flour, meat and meat products, dairy prod- ucts, poultry and poultry products, and canned goods. There has been a great change. In 1918 the fifteen Southern States. including all the tick-infested States, produced 141,787,000 bush- els more corn than they harvested in 1909. The eleven States comprising the cotton belt produced 135 per cent more wheat in 1918 than in 1909. These same States during the same period increased their oat crop 133 per cent; their hay yield, 128 per eent; Irish potatoes, 117 per cent; and sweet potatoes, 67 per - cent. The same tendency is shown in live stock production. As an instance, in 1914 Mississippi marketed only 86,229 fat cattle, 748 JNO. R. MOHLER while in 1916 it shipped 156,237 animals to the St. Louis market, an increase of 181 per cent. When we look back over what has been done, and consider that we are sure of the increasingly strong support of the South- ‘ern people who have done such great things, there is no reason ‘whatever to fear that tick eradication will not win the most ‘complete success, and that throygh tick eradication the South will beeome the live stock section that it should be by reason of its climate and other natural advantages. The achievements of past years, however, now are history. We have met here to plan the 1919 campaign. My notion of what should be done this year, what must be done, and what will be done, is this: Make 1919 the worst year for the tick. It can be dome. There are no can’ts in this fight. Tick erad- ication is well past the half-way mark, and it is at high tide. Un- scrupulous politicians who formerly waved the dipping vat as a red flag are now finding that the dipping vat is a mighty good band wagon to climb on. Cattlemen who still oppose tick erad- ication are learning every day that their attitude is taking money out of their pockets. They, too, are seeing the light. 1 do not know of a leading man in any community who is against the campaign that has been proved beneficial by practical results in dollars and cents. With the new State-wide compulsory dipping law in Texas, which becomes effective in the last zone of that State in 1922, it is not beyond reason to hope that the Federal quarantine can be entirely lifted from American territory at the end of 1923. We may regard ‘‘A Tick-Free South in 1923,’’ as our aim. But to realize that aim, remember that the area still under quarantine is 270,036 square miles. The campaign must not be allowed to lag in any year and we should start off this year by setting up another record. Judging by what has been done in 1917 and 1918, I believe we can set the pace by cleaning up more than 90,000 square miles in 1919. That will ‘‘Make 1919 the Worst Year for the Tick.’’ The total number of cattle dipped in the South Texas counties during January, 1919, was 1,033 herds, comprising 43,213 cattle. A total of 17,983 cattle, or 286 herds, underwent systematic dip- ping, while the remainder, or 747 herds, including 25,230 cattle, received preliminary. dipping. CLINICAL AND CASE REPORTS. ECONOMICAL TANK FOR AIR TREATMENT OF PARTURIENT PARESIS. I. D. Wiuson, College Station, Pa. In treating parturient paresis with the ordinary air pump apparatus, the writer has experienced occasional cases of mastitis following the treatment, even when the air was filtered through sterile absorbent cotton. Oxygen tanks are expensive and con- siderable care and expense are involved in having them refilled. This led to the contrivance of the tank herewith illustrated. This tank can be made by any tinsmith with but little expense. It is filled with the ordinary automobile tire pump and when pumped up to sixty pounds pressure (determined by tire gauge) holds enough air for two ordinary sized cows. Before filling with air, however, the plunger from the intake valve is removed and about six ounces of 70 per cent alcohol or some other suitable antiseptic is poured into the tank. After the tank has been filled with air to sixty pounds pressure (more or less depending upon the weight of the material used in the construction of the tank) if it is to be used at once, it should be thoroughly shaken, which causes the antiseptic in the tank to wash the air, thereby render- ing it sterile. If the air in the tank is not to be used at once all that is necessary is to set it away, allowing sufficient time for the bacteria-laden dust particles to settle into the antiseptic in the bottom of the tank. The rubber tube leading from the tank to the teat tube and the teat tube should be sterilized by boiling before use, or when this is impossible by inverting the tank and opening the needle valve a small amount of antiseptic will be sprayed out through the rubber and teat tubes, rendering them sterile if the proper antiseptic is used in the tank. The advantages of this apparatus may be summed up as fol- lows: 1. Sterile air is provided. 2. Convenient and inexpensive to use. 3. Does not suggest to the laity to ‘‘rig up’’ the bicycle or automobile pump to treat their own cases. 750 CLINICAL AND CASE REPORTS y Ade 3” A v A, Automobile tire valve (inflow) Be Handle & Ce Valve from gas fixture (outflow) De Rubber tubing three or four feet long. - Be Teat tube, 1. Antiseptic level. SOME EXPERIENCES OBTAINED FROM CONTACT WITH TUBERCULOSIS. G. E. JORGENSON, Assistant State Veterinarian, Clermont, Iowa. It is the intention of the writer to present a general review of the pathology and bacteriology of tuberculosis, basing this review upon four years of experimental work with this organism. The purpose for which this discourse is intended is to recall the atten- tion of the profession to one of the most destructive diseases that we have to deal with. This article will be presented in form of a series of case reports. CASE NO. 1. Was called to see a cow that was ill in the pasture. History showed that two other cows had been afflicted with a similar con- dition and died. This cow had been ailing for one week. Before being taken ill, the owner. claimed, this cow was the fattest and nicest cow he had. Examination showed in the animal the last stages of what appeared clinically as a septic infection, together with an unusual emaciation. Prognosis unfavorable and slaugh- ter advised in order to determine by an autopsy what the true cause was. This was done and revealed an acute general tuber- culosis, involving every organ and tissue except the bone. Every lymph gland showed envolvement, as did the mammary gland, in the right anterior and posterior quarters. Smears made from lesions in lungs, liver, mesentery and inguinal lymph glands and from post-mammary gland all showed the B. tuberculosis when stained by the usual acid-fast method. Transfers from the lesions in the lungs and mammary gland showed no growth on any of the usual media, except the egg method“as prepared according to Dorset’s method. Upon this material a few tiny colonies ap- peared in ten days. Pure cultures were obtained from mammary gland, but from the lung a mixed growth was obtained contain- ing pus cocci, ete. After several attempts a few colonies developed from milk from the two quarters showing no affection whatever. These proved to be B. tuberculosis. This proves that the mammary gland does not need to be infected in order to be dangerous. In other words, the B. tuberculosis seems to be able, by metastasis, 752 CLINICAL AND CASE REPORTS to be present in the milk in apparently healthy glands. By pass- ing the organism here isolated through two different rabbits an organism was isolated that grew very readily on most culture media containing glycerin. When inoculated into fowl the lesions typical of tuberculosis developed locally, later causing death by a gradual emaciation. It was not possible to demonstrate the organism from lesions in the fowl. Later, when the remainder of the animals in this herd were subjected to the tuberculin test, three others reacted, of which one, on slaughter, was found to be so bad that she was tanked at the slaughter house. CASE NO. 2. Was called to treat two cows suffering from a form of diarrhea that resembled somewhat an infection with the Eimeria bovis. These cattle were run down so that hardly anything remained but the bony skeleton. They were constantly passing fetid, blood- stained liquid and refused absolutely to eat. Microscopie exam- ination of the feces for the presence of the coccidiosis parasite was negative, but an acid-fast stain showed a small red bacillus. Fearing that I was dealing with an infection with the B. para- tuberculosis, I tried by animal inoculation and transfers to media to get a pure culture, but the extemporaneous organisms present outgrew the organism searched for, so that I did not succeed, the media being covered in a few days so that no accurate work could be done, and I had no ‘‘antiformin’’ to work with, hence gave it up and decided to apply a tuberculin test. The animals both died before this and on post-mortem showed an acute intestinal tuber- culosis with involvement of the liver and associated glands. No lesions were found in the lungs of one, but in the other an encap- sulated lesion was found in the right ventral lobe. Enlargement of the supramammary glands was seen in both, but only in one was there any lesion, and that was very small. Attempts at dem- onstrating the organism in smears from the milk or growing it in media were not successful. The tuberculin test showed no others affected. It will be applied again later. | CASE NO. 3. Was called to see a cow that showed all the clinical symptoms of tuberculosis. I advised her destruction. Post-mortem showed a well-developed case of the disease affecting the lungs, intestines and uterus. Attempts to demonstrate the organism in the milk were unsuccessful and no lesions were seen in the mammary gland or associated lymph glands. A two-month-old fetus was removed CLINICAL AND CASE REPORTS : 753 from the uterus and smears made from some of the liquid ob- tained from the abdominal cavity of this fetus showed B. tuber- culosis. I will add, however, that there may have been a break in my technique, so that I may have infected my material from accidental contact with the infected uterus. I say this in order that no incorrect conclusions may be made. So I simply say that it is possible that the fetus was infected. Testing the remainder of the herd, I found no other cases. However, this fall while post- ing several hogs dead on this place from cholera I found tuber- cular infections in the submaxillary, pharyngeal and prepectoral glands of several animals, showing that there is still some of the animals that did not react then that are affected, as these hogs have no outside way of becoming infected. : CASE NO. 4. Was consulted with reference to a disease in chickens that was proving fatal to a number of them on this farm. I suspected a B. avisepticus infection and advised vaccination. Autopsy on two showed that I had guessed wrong and that I had a ease of avian tuberculosis. These chickens had all been hatched out with an incubator and were in new, clean quarters, hence I concluded that it was not a case where an old tubercular infection was present. Microscopic examination showed a tubercular organism: characteristic in morphology of the bovine organism. That fol- lowing winter I tested the cattle on this place and we had three reactors. Apparently we here had an avian infection from a bovine origin. The more I study this organism the more I am inelined to believe that the different species are so closely allied that they may be regarded as one, and that the different char- acteristics—cultural and morphological—are simply due to the different environment of the different hosts. Another thing that becomes apparent the more this disease is studied is the insidiousness of its character. It is like a prowling murderer at night—slower, perhaps, but as dangerous—and to man and beast alike. Its presence is discovered where least ex- pected. If it were manifested by more violent and eruptive symptoms, as are some of our other infectious diseases, it would be less dangerous, for then public attention would demand its suppression. As it is, thousands of dollars are lost each year through its ravages, and many a human being is predestined to a life of suffering and an untimely death. Especially is this true among little children who are fed upon unpasteurized milk, as 754 CLINICAL AND CASE REPORTS they are in this community and many other localities. While a medical student in Chicago the writer was connected with the Cook County Hospital and there has seen many a little fellow _ hobbling along on crutches or trussed down in bed with a weight suspended from head and feet and on looking over the history sheet one invariably reads ‘‘T. B. Hip’’ or ‘‘T. B. Spine,”’ ete., all from the poorer sections of the city where cheaper grades of milk are used, or were used at that time. It can not be disputed that the B. A. I. work and ‘‘ Accredited Herd System”’ are doing a lot of good. However, what we need is Federal legislation that will make it compulsory to destroy or isolate tubercular animals. The writer has studied this disease from every angle since grad- uation, has preached the doctrine of eradication to the laity and from the experience obtained is of the opinion that, while many stock-raisers will take advantage of the system recently adopted, there are a good many who will not voluntarily do so, and as long as a certain percentage keep tubercular animals it will be impos- sible to eradicate it. Suppose that in 1914 foot-and-mouth dis- ease was eradicated from those farms only where the owner was willing to have this done; then we would still have this disease with us. If the method adopted with foot-and-mouth disease is too drastic, then why not adopt the Bang or palliative method and destroy only clinical cases and isolate non-clinical cases from the herd and progeny and feed the calves on sterilized milk only ? In this way results would finally be obtained. It is to be hoped and prayed for that some time in the near future we may be pro- vided with a method that will arrest the further progress of this disease, which, as Moore says, ‘‘does not destroy life by acute toxemia, but by a chronic and long-continued systemic poison- ing and by morbid changes brought about by the localization of the lesions in the organs necessary to life. TETANUS IN A COW FOLLOWING RETENTION OF THE PLACENTA. E. MorGcan, M.R.C. V.S., D. V. HL, Puerto Cabello. HISTORY. A eriolla cow which had ecalved a strong, healthy calf at the expected time. The owner was a carter (I mention his vocation because I consider it might have some connection with the cause of this particular case). He called to see me one day, saying that CLINICAL AND CASE REPORTS 755 his cow had calved about twelve days previously, that part of the cleansing was still retained, and that the animal was off feed since the day before, but previous to that she was eating well. He asked if I would give him a cleansing drink for the cow. Also he informed me that on various occasions he had removed parts of the cleansing. I gave him a drench whose basis was mag. sulph., as I understood that the cow required an aperient. The following day I met the owner, who informed me that the cow was somewhat worse, and that he found it impossible to ad- minister the medicine, as they could not open the animal’s mouth, in spite of several attempts, and that she was unable to drink, although appearing at times to be anxious to do so. On hearing this, I questioned him more minutely, as it seemed strange that retention of the placenta caused such hindrance to the animal. I arranged to see the cow the following day. Next morning early, while standing in front of my office, I could see a cow in the distance coming towards me, being led by two dames. The movements resembled those of a. bovine animal affected with ‘“*Sturdy,’’ or ‘‘Gid,’’ yet there was some particular difference, inasmuch as the tail now and again was held up, and sideways, also the limbs were not bent at the joints, but moved in a stiff manner. There was slight tympany, and on approaching the cow, her convulsions or spasms came on. The body was moist with perspiration, although imperceptible to the eye. The muscles of the jaws and neck were quite tense; the jaws completely fixed ; the muscles of the limbs were quite rigid. The head was raised upward, and immediately the eyeballs retracted, with protrusion of the ‘‘haw,’’ or membrana nictitans. The muscles of the ex- tremities were more rigid than those of the abdominal wall. : DIAGNOSIS. | | Owner was informed that the cow had tetanus, and that she should have been kept quiet instead of parading her through the town; also that the outlook was not very bright. The owner then quoted many cases of mules which were cured by rubbing the region of the jaws with turpentine and the body with fish-oil, and asked, ‘‘ Would I have any objections to let him try this treatment until next day?’’ Knowing the Venezuelan character fairly well, and whether I said ‘‘Yes’’ or **No’’ he would all the same carry out his own treatment; also, seeing that he considered tetanus a mild and curable disease, I answered decidedly, ‘‘ Yes; try: 756 CLINICAL AND CASE REPORTS Next morning the owner came with a smile on his face, stating that the cow had managed, with great difficulty, to sip two large bucketfuls of water just before he left. He returned in the after- noon, however, with the information that the cow had dropped dead after drinking the water, and that prior to dropping down she had swollen ‘‘like a toad does at the approach of a steam- roller.’’ He had also made, as he thought, a very careful autopsy, but all he found abnormal was in the uterus and vagina, where there was a quantity of sanguino-purulent fcetid matter; also that the udder contained a great quantity of milk. REMARKS. The owner during this period was hauling surface earth from a field nearby to make a garden. Every day he had been at- tempting to remove the cleansing and only used a little grease on his hands, without any antiseptics whatever. Needless to say, he never attempted to wash his hands prior to manipulating the placenta inside the vagina. I have no doubt in my mind that in the first place tetanus in this cow was due to retention of the placenta, but whether the germs gained entrance by means of the earter’s hands, which is most probable, or were inoculated from others sources, cannot be definitely stated. Tetanus is most prevalent amongst horses and mules in Vene- zuela, but this is the first case I have yet witnessed among cattle. Again, if we take the animals in general, this channel of in- fection is not considered a very common one for the tetanus germs to enter. The drinking of a large quantity of water caused tympanitis, and some of the fluid might have entered the trachea as well. However, there seems little doubt that the water hurried matters to an abrupt ending. Tetanus in ruminants is more serious even than in other animals, on account of the mechanism of rumination being thrown out of gear, with bad results. In treating the disease in the bovine, it would be wise to make use of the trocar and canula to relieve the rumen of the accumu- lated gas, and therefore relieve pressure on several of the most vital internal organs, besides making use of the canula to intro- duce medicine directly into the rumen. ABSTRACTS. NOTE ON THE COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY OF INFLUENZA. GEORGE R. Murray, M. D., D.'C.L., F. R. C. P., Temporary Colonel, A. M. S.; Professor of Systematic Medicine in the Victoria University of Manchester; Consulting Physician to the Italian Expeditionary Force. The comparative pathology of an infective disease is always interesting, and it has in many cases thrown light on the modes of infection in man. During the present pandemic of influenza I have not met with any reference to the occurrence of a similar malady in either domestic or wild animals. It is possible that some animals have been affected, and it would be of interest to ascertain if any localized epidemics of influenza in animals have been observed. The pulmonary complications, as seen this year in man, alike in England, Franee, and Italy, due to mixed infec- tions of the respiratory organs, so closely resemble those observed in an epidemic in horses which came under my notice more than twenty years ago that a brief account of it may be of interest at the present time. I write entirely from memory, but the main features of the epidemic were as follows: A certain railway company had a number of valuable horses which were kept in large stables. Two long rows of stalls were arranged in each of the buildings, which were well ventilated and kept in excellent condition. Many of these horses were rapidly attacked by an acute illness with symptoms of nasal catarrh which was accompanied by a clear, watery discharge from the nostrils. The majority of the horses made a good recovery, but some of them developed symptoms of acute pulmonary disease and died. Post-mortem examination by the veterinary surgeons in attend- ance showed that death was due to acute lobular pneumonia, complicated by pulmonary abscesses which developed in the areas of consolidated lung. A puzzling feature of the epidemic was the irregular distribution of the cases. The malady did not spread in. sequence from stall to stall, but cases occurred at irregular distances from each other in the same stable. As several valuable horses had died and the disease continued to spread, I was asked to investigate the cause of the epidemic and to give advice as to the most suitable means to be adopted 758 ABSTRACTS in order to stop the further spread of the infection. On making a bacteriological examination I obtained from the nostrils of horses suffering from the acute nasal eatarrh cultures of a small bacillus closely resembling, if not identical with, Pfeiffer’s bacil- lus. The same bacillus was recovered from the patches of broncho- pneumonia, in the lungs of a fatal case. In this case there were several abscesses which had formed in the consolidated areas of the lung. Cultures prepared from the pus in these abscesses yielded growths of staphylococcus albus. It therefore was evident that the disease was primarily an acute catarrhal infection of the respiratory passages closely re- sembling influenza in man. In some eases the same bacillus in- vaded the lung, and broncho-pneumonia supervened. This was - complicated by a secondary staphylococcic infection which caused a rapid breaking down of the consolidated lung and the forma- tion of localized abscesses. ; In human influenza the usual mode of spread appears to be by aerial convection of the infection to those in the immediate neigh- borhood of the patient, as was so clearly shown by Major Michael Foster and Major Anstey Cookson in the case of a limited out- break in a surgical. ward. In the epidemic in horses the irregular spread of the disease was apparently due to the use of dry moss litter as bedding, fine particles of which could be seen floating in the air when illuminated by a ray of sunlight. The nasal dis- charge of an infected horse dripped on to this bedding, where it dried and was carried to all parts of the stable by light currents of air. The company was advised to remove all the moss litter, and after thorough cleansing to wash out each stable with a dis- infectant and to use sanitas sawdust as bedding. This was done in each stable while the horses were out at work, with the result that the epidemic ceased at once and no more horses were lost. The chief points of interest in this epidemic were the resem- blanee of the disease to human influenza, the rapidly fatal results of the acute pulmonary complications caused by a double infec- tion of the lung, and the part played by dust in increasing the range of aerial convection from one animal to another. The range of aerial convection in human influenza is usually short, - but in the management of patients it is advisable to keep the air of the sick room as clean and as free from dust as possible, and to disinfect all handkerchiefs and spittoons just as in cases of open pulmonary tuberculosis—The Lancet, London. NOTES REGARDING TICKS FOUND ON FARM '_ ANIMALS IN NEW ZEALAND. C. J. REAKES, In Journal of Agriculture, Wellington, New Zealand, 1918, Feb. 20, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 83-86. The ticks which transmit bovine piroplasmosis in Queensland and North America (Margaropus (Boophilus) annulatus australis and M. annulatus, respectively), have never been discovered in New Zealand. | The ticks that occur on cattle are Ixodes ricinus (commonly called the ‘‘dog tick’’ or ‘‘castor bean tick’’) and a species of Hemaphysalis. Although piroplasmosis or any other serious trouble caused by ticks does not exist among cattle in New Zea- land, yet the experience of other countries goes to show that ticks may be the source of trouble to stockowners in the future, inasmuch as they occasion loss of condition, decrease in the milk yield, deterioration in the value of hides, and mortality among animals already weakened by various forms of sickness, insuffi- cient food, or other causes. Measures are thus advised for their eradication. It is recommended that the infested parts of the skin be sprayed with tar, after which all dead ticks should be collected and burned. Other spraying preparations tried and found to be somewhat less effective consisted of kerosene 1% pint, linseed oil 14 pint, and sulphur 1 ounee; or kerosene 10 ounces, lard 10 ounces, tar 2 ounces, sulphur 1 ounce. Very strong solutions of sheep dips also proved effective, but cattle were liable to suffer from their effects when used at the necessary strength. Dipping is the only effective method available in the case of cattle unaccustomed to handling. As long as tick fever is kept out of New Zealand there will be nothing to fear from the ticks on that score; but if they become too numerous they may cause trouble in ways previously suggested.—Tropmical Veterinary Bulletin. PRESENCE OF RABIES VIRUS IN THE SPLEEN. P. REMLINGER, Ann. Inst. Pasteur, 1918, Aug., Vol. 32, No. 8, pp. 406-412. Babes appears to be the only investigator who succeeded in transmitting rabies by the inoculation of material from the spleen; the spleen of one rabbit out of six experimented on in 760 ABSTRACTS this'way proved virulent. Nevertheless, the presence of inflam- matory and sometimes even necrotic nodules in the spleen in cer- tain cases of rabies in man and other animals led this author to believe that the organ harbored in some cases the virus, which might thus set up lesions analagous to those found in the nervous centers. With this exception, all the observations described in medical literature disclose negative results. Remlinger carried out a series of experiments with the spleens. of guinea pigs that had succumbed to rabies, in a manner similar to that described in his previous contributions to the study of rabies. From these experiments he considers himself justified in concluding that the rabies virus may be encountered much more frequently in the spleen than has been hitherto recognized. Its presence was revealed eight times in the course of forty-two ex- priments and was proved to be quite independent of post-mortem generalization, Inasmuch as twelve guinea pigs slaughtered just before death would have naturally taken place furnished three positive results. This result must be attributed apparently to the fact that the virus may be found much more frequently in the blood than writers have admitted. Marie (A.) has already drawn attention to this point, which the author proposes to investigate afresh. Instead of tending to favor the diffusion of the virus in the spleen, the onset of putrefaction seems in the first place to render it less frequently discoverable (spleens of animals sacri- ficed before natural death—3 positive in 12 experiments; spleens of animals post-mortemed within 12 hours after death—3 positive results in 12 experiments; spleens of animals post-mortemed at longer intervals than 24 hours after death—2 positive results in 18 experiments). A comparison of these results is, however, somewhat illusory on account of the fact that it is impossible to resort to sub-dural inoculation after the onset of putrefaction, and the infection following on intramuscular inoculation is of an appreciably lesser degree of severity.—Ibid. POLYVALENT SERUM OF LECLAINCHE AND VALLEE IN THE TREATMENT OF CANINE DISTEMPER. Bresson gives an account of this in the Revue générale de Médecine Vétérinaire for 1917. His view of distemper is as fol- lows. In veterinary pathology, distemper is perhaps the type of infections in which the secondary action of common microbial ABSTRACTS 761 agents exceeds in gravity the primary action of the specific agents. The filtering virus of Carré, the causal agent of dis- temper, appears, when alone, to be easily tolerated by the animal. The clinical signs, the serious symptoms, and the mortal lesions observed in this disease are caused by the ordinary microbes of suppuration (Streptococci, staphylococci, ete.), which discharge their pathogenic role secondarily, by favor of the effects of the filtering virus. For this reason, leaving on one side all symp- tomatic treatment, the management of distemper is reduced to combating and preventing the secondary action of pyogenic mi- crobes. Starting upon this basis, and proceeding solely upon the prin- ciple of the great importance which secondary pyogenic infection possesses in distemper, the author, upon the advice of Leclainche and Vallée, has used the polyvalent serum prepared by these workers. All his distemper cases were treated systematically for five days with a daily subcutaneous injection of from 40 c.c. to 50 ¢.c. of polyvalent serum. Two dogs were treated with intra- venous injections of 30 ¢.c. without any particular result. At the end of five days the dose was reduced to 15 ¢.c. every two days. The injections were made at different sites (neck, shoulder, flank), and without special antiseptic precautions. In addition to the serum the author employed the following symptomic treatment. Upon the entry of the dogs into the in- firmary he gave an emetic of syrup of ipecac, and followed this up with tonie injections of caffeine, a milky diet, rice water, powdered carbon, and alcohol. From his experiences the author concludes that the polyvalent serum, used in massive doses from the time of the appearance of the first symptoms, has preserved the animals from pyogenic com- plications, and that, used upon animals bearing manifest second- ary lesions, it combated the infection by the pyogenic agents causing these lesions, and enabled a large number of such animals to be saved.— W. R. C., in Veterinary Journal. ARMY VETERINARY SERVICE. First Lieutenant W. K. Herbott of the 77th Field Artillery, American Expeditionary Force, in sending in his dues to the Secretary, writes as follows: ‘‘Please excuse my delay in send- ing in my dues. When I received the notice | was up in the Sepsarges woods, northwest of Verdun, and it was almost impos- sible to secure a money order. Shell fire was intense at all times and one didn’t go on many unofficial errands. While I have missed several of the Journals, the October and November num- bers reached me all right and I certainly enjoy them thoroughly.’’ Dr. Warren E. Heath of Columbus, Montana, a member of the A. V. M. A., is a captain in Battery D, 340th Field Artillery, American Expeditionary Forces in France. “ROYAL” ARMY VETERINARY CORPS. His Majesty’s approval of the prefix ‘‘Royal’’ to the title of the Army Veterinary Corps marks a distinct advance in the status of the military side of the veterinary profession; and, inasmuch as by far the greater bulk of the A. V. C. is at present composed of civilian practitioners with temporary commissions, it is an acknowledgment of the present position of British veter- inary science in general. All professions have been afforded an opportunity by the war to prove their worth, and the veterinary profession has responded manfully. Quite recently Major Gen- eral Sir Frederick Smith made public some of the work which has been done by the British A. V. C., and it is gratifying to learn from other sources that the French and American Veter- inary Corps have acquired much from British methods. The organization of the corps has been perfected under war condi- tions, and hospitals have been erected and equipped at the various fronts in a manner that has called forth unstinted praise. It is announced that in regard to the animals treated at the conva- lescent depots on the Western front, recent figures show that 72 per cent have been evacuated to the Remount Department for re- issue to the front. The percentage of discharged animals has been higher than this, but after four years of war the age of the animals has had its effect on the number of patients judged fit for further active service. As in all previous campaigns, con- tagious diseases have accounted for a large proportion of admis- sions to hospital; these, however, have been so successfully dealt with that contagious diseases of all kinds were responsible for less loss at the time of signing of the armistice than at any other period of the war.—The Lancet, London. ASSOCIATION NEWS. AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. President Moore has appointed Major Charles E. Cotton a member of the Committee on Resolutions to succeed the late Dr. S. H. Ward. SECRETARY’S OFFICE. The Secretary’s office is naturally the one that handles the usual business of the A. V. M. A. and the Secretary is always glad to assist members of the Association in every way possible. Recently a member wrote that he had taken a state board examination several months ago and was unable to learn the results, nor had he received a reply to his letter of inquiry. This matter was taken up and a prompt reply obtained. The Secretary wishes he was in a position to give every mem- ber ‘‘a mule and forty acres,’’ but, unfortunately, our financial circumstances do not permit. Some requests we do not feel are within our province, particularly those having to do with in- dividual transfers or promotions in the government service. Recently a request that the A. V. M. A. inaugurate legislation that would permit veterinarians who had been in the army service to secure a license to practice in any state without passing the state examination upon the payment of the regular fee. This matter was referred to the Committee on Legislation. Chairman W. Horace Hoskins replied as follows: ‘“‘The committee are unanimous in their decision that such legislation is not feasible, and so in conflict with state rights that it would be unwise to advocate the same.”’ OTHER ASSOCIATIONS. UTAH VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. At a meeting of the Utah Veterinary Medical Association, held some time ago, the following officers were elected : President—Dr. W. A. Stephenson. Vice President-—Dr. Bundy. Secretary-Treasurer—Dr. Hugh Hurst. . | H. J. FREDERICK. 764 OTHER ASSOCIATIONS MISSISSIPPI VALLEY VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. The mid-winter meeting of the Mississippi Valley Veterinary Medical Association was held at Galesburg, Illinois, January 24, 1919. Practicing veterinarians from within a wide radius of Gales- burg made up a large and representative attendance. Dr. D. M. Campbell of the Legislative Committee of the Illinois Veterinary Medical Association substituted for State Veterinarian Peters and ably and lucidly explained veterinary practice legislation now pending before the Illinois Legislature. The following interesting programme was presented: ‘‘Better Codperation Among Veterinarians,’’ Dr. G. B. Mun- ger, Bureau of Animal Industry veterinary inspector, Rock Island District. ‘‘Swine Plague in Swine,’’ Dr. H. R. Schwarze, State Bac- teriologist, Springfield. ‘*Influenza in Horses,’’ Dr. W. G. Neilson, Monmouth. ‘‘Hemorrhagie Septicemia in Bovines,’’ Dr. James McDonald, Bureau of Animal Industry inspector in charge of [linois. ‘‘Various Methods in Tubereulin Testing,’’ Dr. F. E. Brown, Blandinsville. ‘‘A Short Experience in Army Life,’’ Dr. W. Lester Hollis- ter, Avon. G. B. MuNGER. MICHIGAN STATE VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. The annual meeting of the Michigan State Veterinary Medical | Association was held in the council chamber of the city hall at Lansing, Michigan, beginning February 4. The first day was devoted largely to the president’s address, reports of commit- tees and a discussion of ‘‘ Diseases of Swine Other Than Cholera’’ by Dr. J. B. Killum of the Bureau of Animal Industry. Tuesday evening the banquet was held at the Hotel Wentworth. In the absence of Dr. G. W. Dunphy, Dr. N. S. Mayo presided as toast- master. Among the speakers were Governor Sleeper, Hon. Thos. Read, Speaker of the House of Representatives; Lieutenant Colo- nel John H. Wilson, of the Canadian Army Veterinary Corps; Lieutenant Runnells, of the Veterinary Division of the Michigan Agricultural College; Mr. H. H. Holliday, President of the Mich- OTHER ASSOCIATIONS 765 igan Live Stock Sanitary Commission, and Dr. Newton of Toledo. An unusually interesting and entertaining evening was spent. On February 5 Colonel Wilson, of London, Ontario, gave an unusually valuable paper on ‘‘The Duties of the Veterinarian . in the Great Wars, 1914 to 1918.’’ In this paper Colonel Wilson clearly brought out the great importance of the ‘‘ paper work’’ in connection with the handling of large numbers of animals in the army, and also showed the excellent work that had been done by the British Veterinary Service, not only in France, but in all other parts of the world where military operations were under- taken. Dr. N. S. Mayo discussed the subject of ‘‘ Veterinary Advertising.’’ A round table discussion of practical problems that had been met with in oleae proved particularly interest- ing. Dr. F. W. Chamberlin, of the Veterinary Division of the Agricultural College, was elected president to succeed Dr. A. B. Curtis, who has so ably looked after the affairs of the association during the past year. PENNSYLVANIA STATE VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. The thirty-sixth annual meeting of the Pennsylvania State Veterinary Medical Association was held at the Penn-Harris Hotel at Harrisburg on January 22 and 23. The meeting was well attended, due in part, no doubt, to the inauguration of the Governor, which was held the day previous to the meeting, and to the fact that ten other associations: for the betterment of agriculture held their annual meetings at the same time. _ The following program was rendered: ‘‘Purpura Hemorrhagica,’’ B. F. Senseman. ‘‘The Practitioner in the Control of Infectious Diseases,’’ V. A. Moore. ‘*Live Stock Industry in South America,’’ illustrated, J. H. MeNeil. -**Problems Confronting the Live Stock Producer in Pennsy]l- vania,’’ Mr. M. T. Phillips. ‘The Progress of Tuberculosis Eradication,’’ J. A. Kiernan. ‘Tuberculosis Eradication in Pennsylvania,’’ T. E. Munce. Discussion by E. 8. Deubler, P. E. ars, H. W. Turner and H. C. Reynolds. . 766 OTHER ASSOCIATIONS ‘‘Methods for Advancing Pork Production in Pennsylvania,’’ H. H. Havner. Ten minute discussions : ‘‘Wjeld Demonstrations,’’ Mr. P. E. Dougherty. ‘‘Pure Bred Hog Breeders Associations,’’ Mr. J. M. Fry. ‘< Juvenile Pork Producers,’’ Mr. N. E. Garber. ‘*Health and Care,’’ E. C. Deubler. ‘‘Hemorrhagie Septicemia, Hog Cholera of Swine,’’ Edw. A. Cahill. ‘Hog Cholera Immunization,’’ E. L. Stubbs. ‘‘Practical Surgery: As It Is and As It Should Be,’’ John W. Adams. ‘“Infectious Abortion and Sterility in Cattle,’’ W. H. Ridge. ‘‘Observations and Results Obtained in Treating. Cattle for Sterility,’’ Benjamin Price. ‘* A Report on the Control of Abortion Disease,’’ G. A. Dick. Discussion opened by E. 8S. Deubler, F. A. Marshall, M. E. Patrick and H. W. Barnard. The following resolutions were unanimously adopted: Whereas, the live stock industry of this country has assumed unprecedented importance, in that the food products issuing from this source are not keeping pace with the rate of increase of the population of the country, and Whereas, the encouragement for a greater production of live stock can be fostered by the nation in an effective way by the control and eradication of the diseases that not only- cause great loss but also discourage many from engaging in stock raising, and Whereas, the services of the veterinarians. of the Bureau of Animal Industry have materially aided and assisted in the devel- opment of the industry to its present state, and their services are indispensable to its future welfare, and / Whereas, the cost of living has continually grown higher and higher. and the salaries of many classes have been advanced to meet it, the salaries of the veterinarians of the Bureau of Animal Industry have increased seracely at all, and Whereas, the salaries they receive are not commensurate with the high standard of education and efficiency required in their work, therefore be it : : Resolved, that the Pennsylvania Veterinary Medical Asso- ciation go on record as-stating that they appreciate the assistance rendered them in Pennsylvania by the Bureau of Animal Indus- try veterinarians and that they believe the men merit the increase OTHER ASSOCIATIONS 767 in salary and classification of services as set forth in the Rainey Bill, and be it further Resolved, that the secretary of this association be instructed to send a copy of these resolutions to the United States Secretary of Agriculture and to each member of the National Congress from Pennsylvania and urge their support of the Rainey Bill. For the succeeding year Dr. M. W. Drake was elected presi- dent, Drs. F. J. McNeal, B. M. Freed and E. S. Deubler were elected vice presidents, Dr. Thomas Kelly was elected treasurer, Dr. D. E. Hickman was elected corresponding secretary, Dr. I. D. Wilson was elected recording secretary and Drs. H. C. Reynolds, R. C.-Gross, E. W. Powell, F. U. Fernsler and M. E. Patrick were elected trustees. I. D. Wison, Recording Secretary. IOWA VETERINARY ASSOCIATION. The thirty-first annual meeting of the lowa Veterinary Asso- ciation was held at the Veterinary School of Iowa State College at Ames on January 22, 23 and 24, 1919. The interest of the Towa veterinarians in the meeting may best be shown by the at- tendance, about 250 veterinarians being present, the largest at- tendance in the history of the association. Forty applications for membership were favorably acted upon by the association at the business session.. The papers presented were timely and interest- ing, and the discussions lively. One of the features of the meet- ing was a one-half day session devoted to swine diseases, of which Dr. W. B. Niles of the Bureau of Animal Industry acted as chair- man. The following papers were presented at this session: ‘‘The Swine Disease Situation,’’ C. H. Stange, Ames. ‘‘Secondary Invaders and Their Relation to the Filterable Virus,’’ G. A. Johnson, Sioux City. : : _“‘Observation of the Dissemination of Hog Cholera by In- sects’’ (M. Dorset, C. N. McBride, W. B. Niles, J. H. Rietz), J. H. Rietz, Ames. eo Reports on the Use of Mixed Infection Bacterins in Swine Diseases,’’ G. A. Scott, Waterloo. | ‘Obstetrical Practice in Swine,’’ C. G. Moore, Toledo. A paper by Dr. J. H. McLeod, former mayor of Charles City, Iowa, on the necessity for municipal meat inspection service was well received and showed the opportunity open in this field of service for the veterinarian. Considerable discussion was carried 768 OTHER ASSOCIATIONS on regarding the proper use of the various biological products following a paper entitled ‘‘Immunization Products and Indiea- tions for Their Use,’’ by Dr. Chas. Murray of Ames. Very interesting papers were presented by Dr. F. M. Max- field, Tama, Iowa, on ‘‘The Army’s Fly Campaign’’ and by Dr. W. P. Bossenberger, Williams, Iowa, on ‘‘Malignant Edema.”’ The reports of the various standing committees on diseases and treatment, sanitation, therapeutics, surgery, legislation, and necrology were very interesting and showed the results of time and thought on the part of the committee chairmen and members. The forenoon of the third day was devoted largely to dem- onstrations of breed types and judging of beef and dairy cattle, swine, and draft horses put on by experts from the Animal Hus- bandry Department of the college. An excellent clinical program was carried out in the afternoon of the third day, consisting of a number of major and minor operations performed by veterinarians from different parts of the state, as follows: radical poll-evil and fistula operations showing proper and improper drainage, Bemis’ nerve-blocking method and tooth extraction, roaring operation in standing posi- tion, castration of stallion in standing position, operation for pro- lapse of rectum, removal of actinomycotic tumor. Dr. H. 8. Murphey demonstrated a new method for operating on scrotal hernia in boar pigs to save the testicle. A number of cases were presented for diagnosis and for ex- amination during the clinic, among which was a case of para- phimosis in a stallion and a case of salivary fistula into the gut- teral pouch; also some cases showing various conditions of pus gravitation due to improper drainage. Anatomical demonstra- tions of the parts involved by the use of dissected specimens pre- ceded certain of the major operations. Considerable time was spent during the business sessions of the association in discussing needed legislation relative to live stock sanitary matters, etc., in which the veterinarian is directly interested. In the way of entertainment and social diversion, on the first night of the meeting an athletic carnival of wrestling and boxing contests was staged by the college athletic department under the direction of Coach C. W. Mayser, and on the second night a smoker was enjoyed by the members, at which President R. A. Pearson of Iowa State College gave an illustrated talk on Euro- pean agricultural conditions, and J. W. Coverdale, supervisor of OTHER ASSOCIATIONS 769 county agents in Iowa, discussed the relation between the veter- inarian and the county agent. The spirit of good fellowship and codperation chav by the veterinarians at this meeting, and the interest shown in the papers and discussions, and in each other’s problems, augurs well for the future of the veterinary profession. The secretary- treasurer’s report showed the association to be in excellent condi- tion financially. The following officers were elected: President—Dr. George A. Scott, Waterloo. First Vice President—Dr. G. G. Miller, Council Bluffs. Second Vice President—Dr. L. L. Lindsey, Graettinger. Secretary-Treasurer—Dr. H. D. Bergman, Ames. Member of Executive Board—Dr. G. A. Johnson, Sioux City. H. D. Beraman, Secretary. INDIANA STATE VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. A larger attendance than heretofore was present at the Indiana State Veterinary Medical Association meeting which was held January 8,9 and 10. About two hundred members and visitors were present. The business part of the program was taken up during the afternoon of the first day, including reports of the Legislative Committee and Executive Board. This was followed by the election of officers and a few very interesting papers on topics ’ of universal interest. New officers were elected as follows: President—Dr. Payson Schwin. Vice President—Dr. J. Lee Klotz. Secretary—Dr. G. H. Roberts. Treasurer—Dr. J. W. Klotz. The second day was entirely taken up by the literary pro- gram. Dean Skinner of the Agricultural Department, Purdue University, kindly consented to give a talk on ‘‘ What the Veter- inarian Should Do During the Reconstruction Period.’’ His advice was most interesting and timely. Dr. R. C. Julien, the only veterinarian in the United States who gave his time to Y. M. C. A. work in France, and who has just recently returned, gave a splendid talk on ‘‘ How the Ameri- can Soldier Helped to Win the War.”’ 770 OTHER ASSOCIATIONS The subject ‘‘Contagious Abortion in Cows’’ was taken up by Dr. Ward Giltner and ‘‘Sterility in Cows’’ was taken up by Dr. H. E. Hallman, both of the Michigan State Experiment Sta- tion. I assure you these gentlemen handled the subjects in the most up-to-date, scientific and intelligent manner. Besides the papers mentioned above, the following were pre- sented : : ‘“The Veterinarian of Today and a Decade Ago,’’ Dr. W. J. Armour. ‘‘My Experience in the Treatment of Blackleg in Cattle,’’ Dr. F. E. Kling. ‘*Codperation,’’ Dr. L. E. Northrup, State Veterinarian. ‘* Association,’’ Dr. W. B. Craig. ‘**Alum,’’ Dr. J. H. Mills. ‘‘Laminitis,’’ Dr. G. M. Funkhouser. ‘*Proprietary Medicine,’’ Dr. Payson Schwin. ‘‘The Most Common Diseases of Cattle, Banepa and Treat- ment,’’ Dr. J. C. Rodger. ‘*Clinieal Notes,’’ Dr. O. A. Nelaha ‘*Sanitation,’’ Dr. H. E. Whiffing. ‘‘Our Relations in Animal Control Work,’’ Dr. C. H. Hays, Bureau of Animal Industry. ‘‘Lack of Codperation Among Volavwaed RS a ee Carter. rs ‘Treatment for Common Colies of the Horse,’’ Dr. O- Li. Boor. ‘‘Stomach Worms in Sheep,’’ Dr. George L. Clark. ‘‘Unlocated Lameness Posterior Member,’’ Dr. C. 1. Fleming. The usual number of clinics were presented and more interest was taken in the surgical operations than ever exemplified for a number of years. G. H. Roperts, Secretary. COLORADO VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. The sixteenth annual meeting of the Colorado Veterinary Medical Association was held at Denver on January 21. The report of the Secretary stated that there were sixty-eight mem- bers in the Association, fourteen of whom had recently been in the service of the United States Army. Death had taken four members, i. e., Drs. A. G. Brocker of Denver, T. N. Slayton of Greeley, H. R. Millard of Cheyenne and E. W. Alkire of Fort - Collins. Three of these died of pneumonia following influenza. The committee on the examining board reported that Dr. OTHER ASSOCIATIONS Tl ‘ _R. H. Bird of Greeley had been selected by Governor Gunter to fill the place left vacant by the death of Dr. A. G. Brocker. The Legislative Committee reported that five bills of interest to the Association had been introduced in the Legislature. One of these provided for the appointment of county veterinarians where the county commissioners so desired. Another provided for li- censing of firms selling hog cholera serum and virus and limiting its use to licensed graduate veterinarians.