pansy ¢ JOURNAL July 20,1927 Took leave of Doctors Chapman and Murphy and the Museum in the afternoon.Mr. Thomas Barbour, the reptile expert, informed us of Plasmochin which fixes malaria with none of the discomforts that accompany the action of quinine ;it is a Ger- man preparation,which we shall probably be unable to get. G.R.and I were accorded a memorable farewell cele- bration by many of the best in Yale 'e7.We departed from the Grand Gentral at 9:45 H.S.T.on the Montrealer with all our bag- gage, instructions,and the 6000 auk shells-.Also two bottles of champagne,a perfect charade of the coals to Newcastle idea. July 21 Arrived at Montreal at 8:50 feeling no ill effects from Ludington's symposium.We visited McGill University ,noting particularly the Library where was on exhibition a strange col- lection of Italian bird illustrations done-in feathers .Unsuc- cessful in procuring Plasmochin.Lunched with Mr.Frank Clergue, ex-Bangor,and his friend Henry Josephs ,who played in the McGill backfield the first year a contest was ever staged with Harvard in Montreal.OQur host took us around his house which contained among other things the first piano(not a copy)played on by Pad- erewski in North America,a petrified tree-stump from Japan,two tusks from a walrus estimated to be over 200 years old,a genu- ine Turner,and the second watch built by the Hamilton makers. The meal,served by a Japanese servant, included caviar and real Madiera.Spent the afternoon swimming off an island in the St. Lawrence,returning in time to catch the trans-Canada Limited at 6:45 E.S.T.At dinner we killed the first bottle. July 22 Both of us exercised our new typewriters strenuous- ly with eminent epistulary result.Have already met two travel- lers bound for Sydney on the Aorangi: a ship-builder from Free- mantle,returning from a trip to Sweden,and a Londoner named Hi bert whose one fraternal distinction is membership in the A.O. F.B.(Ancient Order of Froth Blowers) ;its ideals are contained in the name.A second degree is conferred upon the receipt of 25 neophytes and one becomes a"Blaster" ;then a“Monsoon" ,and fi- nally a'"Grand Typhoon".The order provides automatic insurance to its members against everything that one could not possibly contract except" bitsers"(bits'o tin,bits'o wood,etc.,)Excel- lent scenery around Lake Superior.Temperature about 75.Saw som small ducks,doves,and hawks. July 23 Got off the train at Winnipeg and got the returns on the Dempsey-Sharkey fight.In strolling up the main street, we nearly missed the train;but returned to a most uninterest- ing afternoon's ride.Hot and dusty.Praries. July 24 The first sight of the Rockies came about 9 A.M. By noon we were well into them- Banff and Lake Louise show- ered passengers upon us as well as scenic beauty.3.0 grades and spiral tunnels make one dizzy,the last,the Connaught be- ing 15 miles long under Mt.Sir Donald(Glacier,B.C.)By 6 P.M. we were leaving them behind. extineoes bel net unig Teresliag (Measiealous ie ROT “Ly “2. C.CIuerphy's Aouse at Crystal Breck - Fort Seffer sou, 2o8 Molly Nechols & Abson pquiphy (A a poor ght) Vitws i lA Lanadtan aoclties TVeamiel unAcr Wis 2246 Ia (4 ; A wr =" —— ¢! ms i al wus July 2 : mai at Vancouver at 9:30 of a bright morning and the first object of importance that we saw was the S.S.Aorangi, 22,000 tons net displacement and very trim in appearance .At 10:30 we left for Seattle on the Princess Marguerite.On board were Alston Jenkins and Martin Fenton,both Yale'29.In Victoria we had a swim in the Crystal Garden pool.The sail down the sound was delightful.In Seattle we found Collins by sheer good fortune,for the telegram we sent from Moose Jaw never reached him.He immediately treated us to two box-spring beds. July 26 a Among the many delightful indulgences of this day were swimming in Lake Washington and a seaplane ride over the city. After a splendid dinner we caught the same Princess Marguerite back to Vancouver.This trip was ex cathedra and not on the gen- erosity of the Museum(editor's note). July 27 Am Up betimes and busied about luggage.The auk shells were intact.A few supplies up-town and we were ready to sail,which we actually took part in.The Aorangi stopped for 2 hours in Victoria where we put foot on land for the last time before getting to sea.By 9:30 we were watching the lights disappear over the horizon. July 28 Lat.46-52 N. Long.128-6 W. Run 226 (noon recording) We are surrounded by Australians of very slight acquaint? ance.Our table companions- Mr.&Mrs.H.P.Christmas of Sydney. July 29 Lat .42-49 N. Long.135-49 W. Run 408 G.R.ill with chills and fever from under-eating and gen- eral change of environment;kept to his bunk and visited by the ship's surgeon who pronounced him a perfect specimen.We have resolved on a schedule(pronounced shedule in Anzac)that is goO- ing to be difficult to follow-reading,writing,and exercising at regular times(and drinking). July 30 Lat.37-58 N. Long.142-15 W. Run 413 15/ tax for privilege to compete in deck-tennis and quoits I call burglary especially since the entries for every- thing except billiards,an aged game had closed before we were collared.Unfortunately it is a"necessary expense".The ocean Out here is even calmer than near land.I always had an idea that it was due partly to depth,but Johnstone's"Study of the Oceans reveals the fact that the deeps in the Pacific are all off the several continental shelves.The food on board is excel- lent;we hope to keep our weight down by exercise. The most distinguished passengers, I suppose,are Hon. William McCormack M.L.P.,Premier for Queensland,and Sir George Fairbairn,one of the biggest sheep owners in Australia.By far the nicest man,from the American point of view is Mr.Pullar,a young Scotch,who is representing a famous cotton firm of Edin- burough, established by his grandfather. July 31 Lat .32-43 N. Long.147-33 W. Run 408 (Sunday) 890 miles from Honolulu at noon.The most important event of the day was the divine service,conducted by Commander H 7 : : Crawford Esq. The doctor read the lesson in unintelligible fashion,showing that the perfect Oxford accent can be wholly as strange as that of Brooklyn,N.Y.On the whole the religious exhibition was dull and inadequate.Why not organize a choir,as suggested by H.A.Eccles,a delightful doctor from Cornwall. "They played a tune on that beastly harmonium that no one had ever heard before,and nothing happened." The orchestra quite outdid themselves in an evening concert om the verandah cafe:stuff they could play- Gilbert & Sullivan and English folk-dances. August 1 Lat.27-22 N. Long.152-24 W. Run 408 Weather and sea continue favorable with prevailing winds SSW.Both wrote many letters in anticipation of Hawaii. August 2 Lat.22-1 N. Long.156-53 W. Run 408 Raised the island of Molokai shortly after 1 P.M. and a consequent rush of humanity to the boat-deck.A few gulls and terns about the ship.The approach to Honolulu harbor is a rhap- sody in blue;beautifully protected by reefs,the surf rolling in,great combers in line.Over in the inlet to Pearl Harbor lay a three-masted schooner,the name of which I have forgotten, but which was later pointed out as the carrier of numerous scien- tifie expeditions.She is privately owned.Diamond Head lies off to your right and the town loses itself in the sloping hiit- side which is finally surmounted by volcanic ridges.There are very few peaks;the group is volcanic in origin. By 6:30 we were in the surf at Waikiki beach off the Moana Hotel.We decided to spend the night.Governor Wallace Farrington was cordial(classmate of Cy Hamlin at the Univer- sity of Maine) ;his married daughter particularly so.His offi- cial residence is the former home. of the last queen,Liliokil- anea.Built of coral,it has been added to and improved by Amer- ican comforts.We were received in a large piazza-like room where green plants peeped in on all sides .Mrs .Whittemore( the daughter) as we were about to leave invited us to what she termed"a rare Hawaiian party".It was.There we stepped into the midst of a fast younger set. that would rival that of New York's suburbia and experienced the native drink okuleou( phonetic). Music was provided by two Hawaiian orchestras,one jazz and the other a typical trio.The singing was enchanting.A native girl danced the hula kui in full»regalia with such grace and spirit that most of the female guests were induced to emulate her re- markable movements.The governor's daughter was particularly effective.In a group of three they danced a liliu-e which is designed to present a graphic description of the departed queen's anatomy.To the hotel after a late supper. August 3 Up at 7 and into the luxurious surf.At 7:30 Dr. Bryant of theBishop Museum telephoned and later appeared in his Ford to take us for a ride.We visited the Aquarium and then circled Diamond Head;up on Pale the wind blows 70 miles an hour as a casual thing;it is a driveway that leads up to the historic scene of the battle in which Kamanemea pushed the defenders over the cliff and asserted superiority over the whole group of Hawaii.The view takes in the naval base and an are of the coast for something like 20 miles.We met the director of the Aquarium,Dr.Edmondson.The best part of the plant is its labor- atories;the students can bring specimens in right off the reefs.The collection is small but very beautiful,and quite rep- 1) (ree oulgeby -. trey ets fae wise aa * ‘ ; [ +] u 1 206: 4 Oy na »? MS _ , =? od 1 Sey i +8 @a-) hw db we + . § I eid oval ¢ i 29GB Bos iy 1¢ ’ = a e ‘J , rir wer eet ee eee) reds ae luiohod 2. speci g@ of. Gite ae fos Bava sec Steet cd) Betce toump clilntlJosedis yee Oy oF S ; Peet vUC., anti of wed - ~ 5 = re: ! ; > aleog «a7 .* of i i: . ; a al F a 28 nets i¢é JS af “a MJ Gi OF aay? Sos zit Paeeehly tina! “ ta eager al} at eAlsiao. : Loty ef83 winey ohod Litsia® ga i t al wipes on ESB P.AGirtsvog. Saal be } saad tercSson a LP mais 6 . y Jo : )falbeoe aw aoegnt 6 2i.ct . : i mg — e2q ainatg > dete eo i je" oT Pati — ; st. no taq modieest ot Se [ew Sivoe deas de asiae : ‘. aia + rar we judo. baits i FG8 are Pye A. 7 —_—— - sat onc, seeFeatow: nifdae wy et pebiveny iis Ov t bast A. gatdnasions a4» gotanta ed?.oltt Leolgys 7 ; 7 igre ef oso a sf 4 slalge we , fd , Le ‘4 £ hay ' 63 } ~~ ee ° : a ce9 4 trS f *% ’ > ie 2 : ; ne a . (There ; ) > (Qe t aby F . rare tS) PACcmie. Th fed : . r Sralretwse bf of POL de resentative.Then the University,an institution of over 1000 students and remarkable facilities- five or six large build- ings,outdoor swimming pool,football and baseball fields,and a couple of barrack-like dormitories.We stopped in at the labor- atories of pineapple and sugar commissions where scientific knowledge is developed concerning the culture and protection of these valuable products. These are the foundation of the wealth of Hawaii.Insects and birds of particular species have been imported to combat pests,worms and bugs,that has threat- ened their welfare. At the Bishop Museum we met Dr.Gregory.a much-antici- pated event.Our friend Bryant took us on a rapid but veryin- structive tour of the museum collections.He is Yale S'2l and spent 9 months on the"France",so his kindness was extremely welcome.He is sort of head curator and an etymologist by spec- jality.The Polynesian stuff was wonderful representing prac- tically all the Pacific archipelagoes.It. was our luck also to meet Dr.Buck an ethnologist and an authority on the Maoris.A Dr.-Stokes urged us to discover the method of manufacture em- ployed in the making of adzes in the Solomons .Gregory told us not to forget land-shells and Bryant,of course, insects.I do hope we can send them something. Panini(native name of Frances Farrington) ,and Drs. Gregory and Bryant were at the pier with sweet leis of ginger- flower and awa pue,the blossom that exudes the very essence of the islands.The whole cerulean scene is before our eyes again- the water,the gentle slopes,and the cloud-capped mountains ;na- tive boys do swan-dives off the hurricane deck as the Aorangi backs out.Furtive looks both on ship and shore;aloha oe,and the blessed islands are a wraith.In the harbor one casts one's lei into the ocean- if it floats,the traveller will surely return. August 4 Lat.15-20 N. Long.161-14 W. Run 408 Saw a few shearwaters and another larger bird, probably @ species of petrel,brown dorsal markings with white on its underwings.Will the day ever come when I can recognize a_ spec- imen with confident assumption? The Committee has inaugurated another sports competition which we both entered to do right by aes Museum.I was eliminated in the first round of the deck quoits. August 5 Lat.9-24 N. Long.164-46 W. Run 412 In the second round of the deck tennis I was thorough- ly drubbed by a Jew named Lazarus.G.R.reports that he saw two albatrosses this morning. August 6 Lat.3-45 N. Long.167-56 W. Run 389 Saw what appeared to be some species of petrel this morning.The Indian Ocean has attracted my interest lately and its islands especially- the Chagos,Seychelle,Maldive,Laccadive, and Andaman groups.Have these been thoroughly investigated?To= morrow around two A.M. we cross the equator.The mutation of Climate has been one of the fascinations of the voyage, passing gradually into an opposite solstice. August 7 Lat.2-12 8. Long.171-25 W. Run 414 (Sunday) The Church of England had to get on without me this morning About 1:45 we raised Mary Island,a typical coral atoll, the island furthest west of the Phoenix group.The bird life was wonderful.Gannets were plentiful and mostly of one species; &» 2 ait efeolt 31 21 ~ne SO > Seat a <3 pm ibe " a sare ap ve : Lh aa SA i due . . e ~ - i . | Li ~ aw ful 5 txt wed * Cad ? we A « 4 Ln ° a 4 ta sheys Jai OLd eid .Sug oe é i § aioc~ eff;:é re je olt{pen eit) 0a vr it Ito asvib-carwa Gb a7 i ‘aod axsool evitw +300. ris wd i he 2 e734 mc natal a! Sere as Tb Pae Ate site molsiie 0S pics 3s 1 fe sad bam . ate +8 hS-@.. terns and shearwaters.I recognized the fairy tern.Nothing on the island except a few palms and an old deserted hut.The blue lagoon enclosed by the atoll is about 3 miles wide.A large fringing reef to the northwest along the shore.There were many large birds but not albatrosses,mollymawks probab- ly.In crossing the prime meridian we lose one day.Many of the birds stayed with the ship until quite late at night. August 8 Lat .8-15 8. Long.174-48 W. Run 413 Passed the Horne Islands this morning,volcanic forma- tions thickly wooded and uninhabited.Not many marine birds in evidence.Some shearwaters. August 9 Lat.14-30 8S. Long.178-45 W. Run 403 G@.R.wins a prize at the fancy dress party as the" most sustained character .This enhances our chance of meeting some of the select passengers.We have met one man from the Solomons, a missionary of the C of E- R.C.Rudgard of Pawa on the island called Ugi,a little one located off the NW of Guadalcanar. August 10 This day does not exist as far as we are concerned. August. 11 Lat. and Long. at 9:30 Suva,Fiji. The approach is not as beautiful as that of Hawaii, and particularly because the natives were burning sugar cane stalks.The harbor is well protected by barrier reefs,having a rather narrow entrance channel.It is actually a bay due to a promontory that extends out to sea quite a ways on the south. The natives impress one immediately by their wonderful phy- siques and rugged appearance;many of them do stevedore work on the pier.The only thing to do in Suva is to ride about;very interesting if you can keep awake,very dull if you cannot,and very expensive either way.About three hours and you are finish- ed if the ride is not.The driver never goes over 15 miles an hour, murmuring something about traffic regulations in reply to protest;at least ten cars passed us.The idea is to draw out th time.Well,we saw a native village whose picturesqueness had been dissipated by tourist exhibitionism. The young people are lazy and have lost their powers of vigor because of the white mores.We called on the chief who was busy making poi,but who raised his head to say,"Samboda" (evidently"good-day ;g00d-bye- \Samboida").The location of the village was pretty- on the top of a bluff overlooking the harbor.The aboriginal natives would be expected to have difficulty in maintaining their culture,be- ing outnumbered by Orientals and Indians.Very interesting was the government bird sanctuary well up in the interior;there was also a botanical garden,all this at an altitude of about 700 feet.We crossed the Nausori river,pictured below and visi- ted a sugar refinery.The chief produce of the islands consists of banmanas,sugar,and pineapple. Foolishly we had hunch at the Grand Pacific Hotel (Gr. Terrific Hotel) ,which was just bad.The Aorangi was cleared by 2:30.We left native coin-divers waving farewell from their dug-outs and singing"Show Me the Way to Go Home",first in Eng- lish and then in Fijian.About 7:30 we passed close to the out- lying island in our course,lying under a full moon,a light- house on the reef and a cloud on the mountain.The Solomons are only a few days run to the west.Gulls and shearwaters were in evidence until midnight when G.R.and I have a half hour ses- sion on the forepeak. * if $3 1 ? P #7) : eje ath ed uot pe vce of va. " 2 - © 1 7 aul a0 “ ‘ - ~~ ae 7 Me 2 a % ‘ vee eng ade a te ot . xy af 1Of2o 1368 ive = ig S#UGS Sq. cits. ou f fey at nod Ji. fenrese sone tine * a ' ar at mf | CAD , SONS TSS¢ } , hi On Ue id wer (PAaASre Goeox . i* ~ ot w ~ ? wae 1 yevd th q iz. 108 al 1 { cindege. beanag ates " case ie et en a ¥ avi i me 2 SR sididxe satawot te voJegie ° unerog Sted? Jeok BvaK be ae tefs tol 4 elfas ; } ’ 7 Lg y 7 7 4% . ' i dl red bs % ’ vo} : = a ‘ - . n a J rn - . ' { : . os Sula UH leva , Ff (nate Wish police skp) =. RewaXivet - near Naesoré- iT leva, FY August 12 Lat .23-34 §. Long.177-9 E. Run 337 Change in temperature and humidity phenomenal ; overcast nearly all day until it cleared quite suddenly about 6 P.M. Twenty-four hours ago we were panting around Suva;now we are getting out the coats and rugs. August 13 Lat .29-58.S. Long.176-8 E. Run 388 This is the roughest day we have had so far,many peo- le staying below.Air much colder than yesterday;fur coats were in evidence.A gymkana was held in the afternoon.In the evening prizes were distributed in the lounge.The session ended with a great exchange of encomiums:the captain said in all his exper- lence he had never seen such an energetic and efficient sports committee i Sir George Fairbairn announced that this voyage was certainly the finest of his career.The last word was a quo- tation of the captain's- obviously a stock offering used every trip,something about"for the knowledge of whom I am richer,and of me they no poorer,I guess(or hope)." August 14 Lat .36-25 S. Long.174-59 E. Run 391 \ At noon we were 60 miles from Auckland and approach- ing-the Bay of Islands.The harbor is remarkably protected thereby,great volcanic masses, exhibiting extinct craters .New Zealand is a\wonderful thermal region.Saw many petrels and as we came-closer black-backed gulls in large numbers and a small gull,white with grey wings having white tips,and red feet. Passing the customs was quite laborious.And then the only thing we found ashore was a circle of frenzied evangel- ists and socio-political ranters.One was expounding all the texts in the Bible that dealt in description of hell;another Opposite jvas damning American wealth and morality as dipicted ov Jeots, YaeTtel cow 2 ef Dew ige | seaolo "eaag 2 (oO! by the movies;furthermore he denounced America as a nest of war propaganda and sabre-rattling. August 15 The Museum revealed a splendid Maori collection- imp- lements , dwelling -places, and dress;wonderful wood carving .The bird and animal exhibits looked ratty;poorly mounted and ra- ther jumbled.It makes one appreciate how valuable the groups pictured in their natural environment by the artists in N.Y., are for fixing the specimens in the mind of the observer.I did gee one or two tattooed heads in very poor state ;those on the Ath floor of our Museum are certainly remarkabke.The Zoo was very fine and the best thing the town offers.-Located in a large hallow with paths leading down in terrace fashion.The carnivores looked in excellent shape;and quite a variety al- though the institution is only four years old.Splendid bird specimens,especially eagles and vultures ;pigeons,parrots,and finches were plentiful.The keeper was particularly proud of the American bison. August 16 Lat.34-21 S. Long.170- 1 E. Run 344 Since it is the end of winter down here we have deci- ded not to go to Tasmania,which would cost us plenty and make us very cold.The definite sailing date of the Mataram that will take us to Tulagi is the 31st according to the purser.Saw six mollymawks which are following the ship and one lone black storm petrel.I am tempted to float a hook out baited with meat to see if I can catch one and try skinning it. August 17 Lat.34-16 S. Long.162-37 E. Run 367 Someone had an idea that we should arrive two days early but the Tasman Sea kicked up and the Aorangi is travel- ling at half speed.So we shall arrive on the 19th, one day ear- lier than the schedule calls for.The last days drag.Saw a few shearwaters- I should say,puffinus(gavia or assimilis) ;flight very rapid and zig-zag.The mollymawks are still with us ,beau- tiful in flight. (— I - ol y mane D) iA fight htyoneD eo ‘se Msp eae - i] gal -nolicentioe Dem blaine 2 ip [awee's, bigs ant. gulvuse Lies Lrigetepei tees, satotaa mae nh. ~it bee betauce praia are ae tebe be “ edd elusuley wot ed, aii dau aie ante Ort reernee ited ais ad J | yor 4 a reli od on ee * c om } vor i sddeq ff tw ; tt 13 = ae | ae oF kv) = a - = Prey > ‘eye August 18 Lat.33-58 S. Long.156-38 E. Run 298 Quite rough last night and the worst it has been dur- ing the whole voyage this morning.Luckily we have gotten used to it so we do not miss a meal.To-morrow morning early we shall raise Sydney Heads.The doctor informed me that this is the breeding season for albatrosses.To-day we saw flocks of little shearwaters and isolated petrels. August 19 Awoke in time to sea the South Head go by.Picked up the doctor at 7 and by 8 we were anchored well up in the 'srbor.CGonsiderable confusion about luggage and we finally got up to the Australia Hotel.Richards first gesture,signal- izing our advent to New South Wales was to spill a large order of cocktailed oysters on his vest.In the afternoon we called on Burns Philp & Co.,the reputed agents of Mr.Beck.An official named Virtue thought he might be at Gizo but no one was sure of anything.The American Consulate had a letter from Mr.Beck dated sometime in January.G.R-advises sending a wireless to Tu- lagi which will be done to-morrow. Two American physicians on lecturing tours of the Aus- tralasian Universities got on at Auckland(Drs.Cavallo(?) and Bishop) ;the former introduced us to a Dr.Todd on the pier who is a trustee of the Zoo.He promised to try to put us in touch with some bird men in Sydney. Sydney harbor JO m ofongea Fe (Lop kh Zoo August 20 The Mataram gets in to-morrow.I made an appointment with a dentist to have him take care of a tooth I broke on the Aorangi.After lunch we took a remarkable ferry ride up the Parramatta River.A good deal of nice land under cultivation.On the banks grow numbers of mangrove trees,their roots in the wa- ter and often covered with molluses,oysters probably.Saw black swans and cormorants of some kind with white throats.At the end of the trip we were conveyed by a ridiculous train to 4 place called Rosehill,a race course in action.We came in time to see the last race after which we returned to town on a race~ track special.Our tickets,presented to us by the ferryman,were vi _ ; - i g - 7 i= 6c. god «6 8e-4bptad el if joe otple. deat Agger epiugp 7 lidobl. antonio efaf enegey siodm as iy atiovan ve vege ol. leem a iaete Joa ev o8 425 eit of slo? sacl s@ bowtoTal sodeuh. ats shaeh yeaoyere b Srhl Ww sdcol) Wee’ ow Bed-a &- R06 BOAT LS acl podape pal +h ; satoruteg betsloal bow epeds ee — RL tee 4.10 aJugG ott ee8 07 eal ovoraé » pas Beaker we Dies hnguee an 2 td oe j sO ba we , eae ow . = bennl snore 1a! e 4egol A. lelok #hfeagagees fois «an! a4 » aolal dled wrebod 2a 4 « sooo s ta ale i 2B OY aid no la “ad told. , on a a em ; et aba a5 PSR 4 P * ase re “ee OF snags ‘ cee itoot 9 Ky — t= — @% 7 meric Cer - 7.4 a ee Saemmnt cae ma SHS ‘Smee a a no siord 1 déeel & W. et#0 % ef9 gu ehiy Gere? eldmitases « Cinottayitive vebme. vaetl @oln 7 ew oft cli-stoo x thaat,asem » apel4 waco. sidadow Stes ayo ,e°o aii fon afd JA.ctooad? ‘edide cilw cai oe oR gz of Alerd teelwothie a 7d Bg vo. b> oh. Gs >. aoisoe ai «a eomm eg, ri f hon Gat dotc. i 1% re) 7. oe “adeste Seay ny 10) no good but the conductor did not seem to mind if we did ride along. ’ The dinners at the Australia are excellent.We get our breakfasts with beds,eat very light lunches outside wherever we happen to be,and order plenty in the evening.This night we saw the first great venture of the Australasian Pictures Inc., "Por the Term of His Natural Life",the scenario based on the novel by Marcus Clarke.The cold air here at-night makes for fine sleeping. August 21 Sunday and inevitably a dull day in theory.We visited the Zoo and were well entertained.The birds are excellent, part- icularly inland aquatic species- herons,cranes,storks,and king- fishers.Tropical birds well represented.The bower bird is very interesting,possessing a strange call and eccentric habits. There were birds of paradise from New Guinea and birds of prey from the interior of Australia.Marsupials,of course,and the Tasmanian devil,the only mammal in this part of the world that does not carry its young in a pouch.Here,too,the object of their pride is the American bison.The Zoo itself is located on a hillside across the harbor from the city;somewhat like the Auckland institution,the exhibitions are arranged in a terrace formation;and the carnivores in dens behind ditches so that one does not have to look at them through bars.In this they are better than our American zoos,but not in variety of selec- tion.The return ride in the ferry gave us a fine view of H.M.S. Sydney,the conqueror of the Emden,which is anchored in the har- bor.This evening we sent a wireless message to Mr.Beck at Tu- lagi. August 22 Weather continues clear and cool.Yesterday afternoon we visited the Heads and Watson's Bay.Application for permis- sion to go to the Solomons revealed the fact that we must first . be cleared by the Internal Revenue Department.And since I have a visa for Australia only I must have another picture taken of my face.Visited an art gallery and the Library. August 23 A second visit to the Zoo gave us more of an insight into the bird collection,which is even larger than we judged. The Aquarium was open and is stocked with native fish from the vicinity of Sydney harbor.Quite a large tank full of sharks.To- day we paid for our passage and secured the necessary signa- tures from the tax office that enabled the passport dept.to give us visas.To date we have attended two dramatic offerings, The Road to Rome" and"The Ringer". August 24 Inspected the Maloja with a fellow passenger from the o.. who sails on her to-morrow from Wooloomooloo(name of a wharf) .This man,Dr.Eccles,is a charming old fellow and resides in Cornwall near the sea.Of late I have been seeing a good bit of a dentist. August 25 G.R.off for the Jenolan Caves,a mountain resort,at 9 A.M.I again tried a few chemists for Plasmochin without suc- cess.Since I had to purchase something I got some knives and aa | uel ‘Lb WSenites San te le tune edt 26 aresilh en mL Jani ft av gas, sSed italy dd pti eSneke aeBi0 haw ced 2 i , ‘t wii se Llors@ aA to sain, therm tentt edge of #0 clinoeos aft, “otls Ceau sel at Yo. eteT <7 = “ot ectian ¢ Lae 238 €998 tin Bioe 60T.earelD eugoval ba) ey > palqoola : ‘ : fs taciaty et. yqerls at yeh Eirp » Yidetiven! baw yabaae —Siet; , sal sone _ aru aT. Lenlesietss Lise etew, bs O98 wf i, ?RIOS9, Vein , Sons doth ote! Soe Ceeeeee gts. shh bia4 - ae 2 otsee ob $y 1z x bar is med anlite «ad off most soutd Sentmet%e citoneckh ows Pebredde, ay o> ateb of cently, a avis : _ . a .“agant oft"nne“eaol of Best eat ; as tau cA eft cov. -egheadeg wolig? s Heig eae odd Betoor sal ro ‘ eooroce® abs) Soil te ntooc @idae ods oor bat isex - Le nimts “ee e Losusntl, nam eis f noed of! ete ‘eee ote teen Ligemrood at ,falrioek 2 a os tau ge C fel \ ony 01 AY to.).» & + ane St ° « Bete wlege mee etia cong Oe ha D oon : it aK a fea fishing tackle to trade with natives.Then I watched the Aorangi steam out.The dentist in addition to the broken tooth found four swell cavities. August 26 This morning I discovered that all our luggage was in {imminent danger of being chucked into Sydney Harbor;we suppos- ed that we had left it under customs bond,but this privilege does not entail responsibility for over 24 hours.eI had it tran- shipped to the Mataram wharf.The S.S.Ventura brought us each a couple of letters.Spent the afternoon and evening in the Libra- ry-Thunder showers somewhat relieved the impending drought. August 27 % . What is duller than a morning in a White de luxe mo- tor bus? The answer is,an afternoon.I had resigned myself ar ter the first stop for morning tiffin,but after lunch the scen- ery began to excite interest and wonder;added to the comfort of half a whole back seat,which was vacated at Katoomba, it made the afternoon quite enjoyable.Blue Mountains they are and reminiscent of Vermont,very rugged and peopled with iron-wood forests.From one o'clock we climbed to over 3000 feet, eventual- ly running along a ridge that overlooked a broad valley.There upon the summit was a monolisk erected to the memory of the three men that first blazed a trail over the mountains,led by Gaptain Lawton(1815).The view down the valley resembles the Yellowstone in spots.Nothing else except tea in a ramshackle hotel.Very little habitation which gave the scenery a pristine beauty.We slid over a hill and dropped into the valley of the caves,passing G.RK.about five miles from town on his afternoon overland.Goasting through a vaulted grotto called the Devil's Goach House where the wind rushes,the expectant traveller pas- ses all the entrances to the various caves and suddenly finds the Caves House bursting about his ears.This lies in the ex- act bottom of a huge draw and roughly wooded slopes confront every window.No heat except open fire-places which are not’ much-help.The place is government-run and provides sanctuary in a surrounding area for wild birds and animals.There are rock wallabies,possum,goats,and rabbits in profusion;bird life is prolific,the Australian kingfisher(laughing jackass) ,king parrots, jays,magpies,crows,and numerous small birds that we could not recognize. The caves are a result of geosyncline weakness in th under-strata;great pressures have creased the surface strata in to indistinguishable layers,while it has given way below, form- ing the caves.The upper crust is really a great mountain from external appearance.Qne enters them from the lowest level and - climbs.An underground river keeps the cave bed cut out by a cm- stant process of erosion.The roof is gradually settling and th openings are slowly closing because of this and the lime car- bonate growths in the interior.Stalagmites,which grow up from the floor are more rapid in process than the stalactites,which grow down from the ceiling. August 28 Yesterday a month we sailed from Vancouver.To-day be- ing Sunday we sought God in the earth,visiting two of the best caves.Guides are most solicitous and point out all the forma- tions,chemical and plastic.Most of them have developed stock answers of humorous intent for all possible questions.tor in- ; is? vijne I eset a @4 [Ji bbaoml Jalsc . i~ « ree: de, of 4 be 4 = ' ‘ : 4 = 4 Ju $- O) ~ ellie 4 ae & “a ~ 162 [ - i ~ A tat ‘ i - ‘ . a @ a7 ~~ 4 by - - ’n aye P u be > 4 oped ok : ws "D ) r tia ~ 1 Av ' uo f ‘ 13a at, 8] 3evece ~ > wed i 2p A a es v7) y an 7 be abs solseet ps Lae « id iatusmmrol euie. alfde ‘oLo6 eglun nooate ; atie tel bae be» 1 (tev ,Joomie¥ Io. soeos 1 OOBE devo oJ dodallo ew Koolo'o ene LAN Saoric Eetoolisv6 @aci @e,bta =» gael lo Vaomed wie ot Lescece dellonca « enw Jews etd | Gel epledgues.edd usvo Jiats 4 Leseid ire tans nem wd 6 Se 4 fared we el j recy rety e - (@ras jaodeal of sifoeiames ai ee7 ¢ xe @ale galdiod. esos aL enod & ys@130 ¢ J decide oolvsaéida ad elssil oe Yes ler 3; etak Beg bas ilid.e tvo _— of 7 »is bd im evi iwWade.2>9 9 fuse ent | P ase ¥ Aue 49 an! én ‘ H V Se che ts & eat J 7. a" d. June siiawd eauel sevsd sicisoy Sas wed _ s pc Rs the t [q-etl? cege ftgesxe Jee of.e iver > mut-soematevea ad “goal ont. toda it.-siemins Soe abi! bile « 102 eo%e gal henort"th wal at0% ' siiddar oas,steogmuaceg ,aeldel, dauel )4ecet uel eit TawA edd, aden im, 2 oun, Galt IZ ot yal saisecs [20@ oto ephivug@a & : oe i bay: leoleu pt er xo! Sal aera a 2 stance: "Looking up you see the vault of the Devil's Coach House,one hundred and eighteen feet in height from which the recorder for births,deaths,and marriages for this district fell in the year 1867." Question:"Was he killed." "aAh,no- he was a public servant." One chamber was 250 feet X 200 and beautifully marked and colored by iron oxides. August 29 The ride back reminded me painfully of the ride out; for I was jammed in beside a fat lady all the way.Besides the stops for tiffin,we saw Leura Falls and the Jamieson Valley- famous jumping-off places recently graced by the tender gazes of H.»R.H.the Duke of York and his wife,the Duchess.The bus got us to the hotel in good time to bathe,dress,dine,and around the corner to the theater for"Ruddigore".This was easily our most enjoyable experience in New South Wales. August 30 A great decision was reached this morning,namely not to proceed to Brisbane by the steamer-motor route proposed by our table companions on the Aorangi.We were very foolish to consider it since it costs five pounds more and entails grave risk in regard to baggage-Mr. Lawson, the consular=general re- gistered us as defenders of the Constitution and promised to facilitate the transportation of any remains,etc.,The dentist finished the job on my teeth,extracting five guineas from me in the last visit.Spent the afternoon and evening at the Libra- ry. August 31 G.R.got an eleventh hour inoculation against small- pox.Upon arriving at the pier we were informed that the ship might not go to Brisbane at all on account of an impending general strike in Queensland,startling news when we realized that by the morning's vacillation between going on the Mataram and going via the tourist route and Byron Bay we were playing dangerously with the chance of missing the only boat to the Solomons in six weeks.The news did prompt action,for we had time to rush back uptown and buy the few things we had thought of getting in Brisbane.The Mataram finally got off but shortly anchored in Watson's Bay to wait for the mail from Melbourne. This held us up three hours but.we finally got out of the Head with H.M.A.S. Sydney right in our wake.Later we learned that she is bound for Tulagi also;and that the Leftenant-Commander went around the islands with this ship the last trip in order to learn the reefs. , The Matarm is only about 5000 tons but quite chummy and comfortable;her maximum speed is ten knots but she goes all the time.About 35 passengers,most of them taking the round trip for health or holiday.In the harbor we saw many gulls of the peculiar Australian variety- silver gull,I think they call it-small(about 18 inches) ,white breast,silvery-grey back,and black tips on the wings.In addition I saw one lone albatross, a strange enough sight,paddling around amongst them.It was un- Mistakably diomedea exulans,the first of this species I have honestly seen. on we | qe sindpag ® aa berthed a by witeet, aitirid yo re / + (O"b Gee i o" o-2 be 1112 oa Gees el “+ Jeytes oi tdivy 2 y on -On da rts oa OG rs bew* i wdlsd oe - Saseiles coat gd Sede , ad _ = = . — ; I eit oa : 4 ; ‘ vs « ' RI f é a - a 7 st Le ey wt ses cae doa iat es um ‘Liate oe qr. “e10 mJ o aSLae doe wee at a ral Pee “45 » maids ‘pduo nae? cee a ose ae: Vs = yr xnedl erer eb, | sree Oc a. ‘eha gioe piney Fe e-theg sod Bivens. ed swe S2OMS ; 5 wetsusts Cy ag hth bts PR CET 52 OS, 01! ey ¥su tasepye vit aaliowy bt ) ae 2 gasaeve bre mecowedie ond a al fiey noltedycoal “vod satpevele Raa) 0 ge “a hemo? is vie" peavey ota Ss smeene ro fle 72 & Been ‘wen qwer with 30 Sg tetin Sg ay oh?) ke gles: nash sed: Leali toes © getysic ese ox qe aoe? bas etuer Oo Gehg 03 Saeed cline atts gateate 4o- eonarte 68 a: ; aces aot WEL IOs fqmerq bLi~awen any. 0 kis ob ene Pe bands! xe} etd gid tHe Rn tee ond Gdaew'we «ga tbat + of ; os im" oA , wi . Wao + , oe r eteoagat af Letode a oe ‘Diad-ab - % . ‘Anak y wv “ . a * baal ’ - - — - ie Aes lea ely @3t4ee ’ ic F 2 a ' aad. oem oteacer | #& gwedaAa ety. ed : oe) September 1 Lat .30-56 S. Long.153-7 E. Run 205 Navigators hug the coast to get the advantage of a cold current,evidently Antarctic in origin,that moves quite rapidly northward.This part of the shore is sandy and does not appear to support much.Saw some cormorants similar to those described in connection with the trip up the Parramatta River. Also terns and larger birds that I think are gannets- very adept at diving,sometimes from the height of fifty or a hun- dred feet,the bird penetrating the water quite a few feet af- ter prey.Whales are around in schools- humpbacks and right whales on their way south to colder waters. There is one little man on board named Quintal who hails from Norfolk Island.Heis a descendant of one of the mu- tineers of H.M.S. Bounty that went ashore and settled on Pit- cairn Island in the early part of the nineteenth century .He has promised to send me some photographs of birds that he has taken on Norfolk Island. September 2 Lat.27-le S. Long.153-29 E. Run 233 Weather has never been so fine.Terns plentiful;also counte some petrels.On the basis of some reassuring word by radio the captain has decided to go to Brisbane.At 3 P.M.we passed Moreton Island and entered the bay (also Moreton), which is over 20 miles wide,the entrance to the Brisbane River. On the way in we passed the William Penn of Galveston,the first American ship we have seen since we left.Vessels going to Bris- bane stop at Pinkenba which is at the mouth of the river and 15 miles from town.The latter we reached by motor and in time to catch a few stores open so that we could get a few things we thought we might need.All the residential houses are most- ly one-story bungalow style and built on piles,somewhat remi- niscent of Honolulu. September 3 Lat.25-11 S. Long.153-19 E. Run 147 1063 miles from Tulagi at noon to-day,and Sandy Cape,the last bit of mainland we shall see for some time just dropping over the stern.Here through the second's glasses I Was shown some wild horses on this bleak spot- he called them brumbies ,little fellows with thick necks and rather large heads for their bodies.More whales to-day and some only 200 yards off the ship.One gave us a great thrill by"breaching", leaping clear out of the water;then he would pound on the sur- face of the water lazily with one great fin.Birds not as plen- eustnantheyr ohoe baw: 6 ] Loo "oe bn g Jom at n' all ey ef obi. : -) ene ove 1 he (7ae ae ~@42 7 Bad oh MALAT - wt wh os 30 éteocar wa 3,62 wer fag/ ; ‘, +. a6 2 ‘t6v » segT. “et pond | ds Sonen pnt im > patvas a Wie > he u i 2 a allem km tan 4) September 11 Left washing with a Chinaman.In the afternoon both of us started out armed with cyanide bottles and nets to try our luck with the insect kingdom of Florida Island.G.R.came back just before the rainstorm with specimens and I came back just after the rainstorm with specimens.Apparently these moon- light nights are too bright for Sphingadae;this is the second venture that has proved unsuccessful. Mr.Tait,the recruiter,and Mr.Johnson,the only man in the islands who owns an ice-plant(usually not functioning), visited the hotel and spun yarns until a late hour. September 12 Breezes keep us cool and comfortable.The reality of Tulagi is a paradise compared to the preconceived idea we had of it.No evidence of mosquitoes yet;the sleeping is great. In the morning we went over to Makambo to get our refunds from B P on our passage money.All the gentry of the place are busy sitting at court.Mr. Mckaye,B P's dock man is a motion picture enthusiast and intends taking 5000 feet of native life on the Solomons.Both G.R.and I collected in the afternoon.It is well to take things easy at first so that we can work up to the all day pull of the expedition.The bush is very interesting to the newcomer.We hope to send a shipment of insects to the Museum before the"France"comes in.She is still reported off Cape Marsh somewhere.It is against the law for us to touch any guns before we se Mr.Beck and secure permits. Mr.Johnson's ice-plant'is actually in operation. September 13 Clean clothes and a bottle of iced beer from the butcher were the gleanings of the morning.The merchants in Tulagi(Carpenter,B P,etc.,)are only too willing to give us box- es for packing insects.We shall start going out twice a day s00on;Mr.Johnson is going to take us on an expedition to the mainland of Florida Island.The part that Tulagi is on lies just across a little spit.Ngela is the native name for Florida.Rep- tiles are supposed to be well represented,lizards and guanoes. The possum here is called kandoro by native. We have decided not to have malaria;it is more con- venient.No doses of quinine yet.They have a remedy here called Smalarina,an Italian product which is supposed to impart immun- ity to the taker if it is consumed with intermittent doses of quinine.Anyway this is one of the seasons when the disease is latent- Spring-Apparently the worst things in the way of affic- tion,acquired by methods both subtle and blatant,are the is- land sore and the centipede bite.The latter come out of their haunts in the evening-"the arrow that flieth by night" .On this particular occasion we saw three of the brutes;one of the boys was bitten on the toe. We collected with some success all afternoon.The Sphingadae are still in the ground;rain will probably bring them out September 14 Collected a bit in the morning after packing the results of our previous experiments.According to the natives, insect life on Florida(Ngela)is not nearly as prolific as on Guadalcanal(Solomon)andthe larger islands.G.R-could not ven- ture forth to-day having broken the shaft of his net."Tom'Elk- . eeethio &@ Bee giana a Pa i citle@ oileeqe 6¢ip parte Bue Bu yee | [igs 12 GDN dpenel end-all Ls Seseleegie debe aneganlenand z oar, ne “< ie ae “ies SOMls (sarees MMO a: sede Pe ogy hae al oidt; eébagniga = 37 atigied + i dadcouream, - a, . tae, <1 00) 1s 0 | piprntheres te tea Tigers sneer ton Neos oo geet eee ( tecaqeds eelhegag wage a oc Jsapeom Ww sonebive oF. Ae, Ae — 7 ~ : > a2 aap gage Bebe % a FEY . ec ° aS Free Ae ee : Se ee > ich Seep oe - nan oe re ? ry : a Sen i 4 > oe Le a _— ae add subicen teste aalimes em ab ote agvigean @¢° 4% penhOweota. af o vinswen Jom wh af od aban lof aegme i Lado. o> pegead "7 ington Jr.,the hotel-keeper's son took me on a guano hunt;the result was no guanoes but a brown pigeon and one of the numer- ous red parrots that inhabit the coconut trees,both badly shat- tered but serviceable for skinning practice.Also collected a few insects. Mr.Robinson,another plantation manager came in fram somewhere on Malaita with no news of the"France -Mr.Johnson, the genial butcher from Yorkshire invites us shooting with him day after to-morrow and in addition promises ice cream.This life of expeetation is turning us into"softies".This was an evening for the centipedes again. September 15 Gollected both morning and afternoon.Mr.Robinson invites us to spend a week-end at Berande,Guadaleanal and we accept;it will be an Opportunity to visit the island and do | some collecting as well.Mr.Lazarus,termea" the wandering Jew", being the only Jewish recruiter in the group,sailed into port and came up to the hotel.He had many yarns and much profanity. It seems he has been having hard luck on Malaita." Tony" Olsen in the schooner"Myopa"also turned up.We set out for Berande at midnight in a calm sea. September 16 A six o'clock breakfast was had from the stove of Mrs .Dumfy(or Duffy),probably the Only widow who lives by her- self on Guadalcanal- a half caste.By noon we were at Berande. After kai-kai we were treated to a ride about the plantation, learning thereby the process of copra.This wasoonce the habi- tat of Jack London and Martin Johnson.On either side of the manager's house is a fresh water river one of which is suppos- ed to have been explored by Mr.London.Apparently this whole region is contained in"Adventure" .Gavutu is mentioned as the place where they drink-between drinks.And there is nothing mythical about South Sea imbibing.Our host brought back a cop- lousssupply and all hands were piped to consume it as rapidly as possible.That the practice of intermittent excess in drink- ing is a principak cause of fever and chronic apathy cannot be doubted.Two men without much aid from us consumed over a case of beer this evening.Mosquitoes were abundantly provided. September 17 Both of us colleeted along the shore and in among the palms and rubber trees.This Saturday was a great occasion for the native labor;a bullock(bullimacow)was killed and kai- kaied.Each boy has to cut three bags of copra perday and the week ends on Saturday noon.There are 50 boys on this planta- tion and they are treated like dogs;the manager says they have absolutely no sense of gratitude.The house boys and the"cooki" receive the worst of the lot, . In the evening men arrived from up and down the coast including old Masher,who has been in the Solomons 23 years,the first':man on the beach at Yandina,Cape Marsh,and Mr. September 18 Collected as much as the heat and mosquitoes would permit.As on Florida the palms are haunted by cockatoos and ye toot noe @ “~egqee-fesod eidpsder -* ' #00 5lG motd a dud seunav_ eo bee ge ' ',.o' deateoo ade Jigaaal cant e2orae SE so, ooldoate gilanideyae) eliseolyv ms. cae stl cena) ot al wats “sysname uelbiasdstoe yedtoags ,ucentdoki ae ad 20eerto v.10. “esaent ods Io even On dite edteled oo fis dyle ealieodce ae ea@iival.eusdiastol% gotl teioiud: esril eld” .maete 604 ee@alteqwq solgibba a! has woqed-o7d gnineve af eee aldls“eelsioe cint apopatomss ol . «fttawa eoboglinen ad, el recpesge®. poacldoh.t. ACcetest a be soles tiiod besgoesiodg ‘is ew Bn (at: ol ncaa te hoemleew & baega Gas a io itietot ent Jiabwees yedereeogeo na eG. tise thitge ad ee ; & oe - -a¢@ re - S- ok ~ oe = « » v _ » Pr — : ao °¢ ° : ae oe OER 4. 7 yao wee i ¢ ghd = ns i a ie is £5 ‘To: O. rowsEOe As a, : ; * f B- o ; ’ Fa, _ bea 4 rs aa elone win’ 1). TE Ae te ; f © etd em Rerbisnes ah wtuved. ar P i aie ; al ueqtigmoone necpeces Jab 6g wwe ta latoetic of rt yvoutized +7 20 QebeITIIS Camgu ed? evan 1. 6eieie -~'s0q8 ticot T5008. VI headed of aeg yee aeaw alaic sae peed ovad ult. negate bDebaed ebiutw Sab G6adouc breotg « e + NOOR ret Jan Sud i Ts anemia -{(2 "sot "baa sBod, abige ll OF seve Jeew ww to sent géeic' on -a508 eke FL: ety Gee atecs aeeoh w bat base i? re esotygs 4°77") Shee ' o¢ sgelteacowegtey-aoae 24m 4 0 oyot & Ste comme ebieliy bas a) wetnt tet Le e)(oc Seals .aapeg oe ao en ty! on 8% sath ti — er roy aie a we tus tase I ereret: | 2 wu Bosesir bre bnefe =n 6 ges Kon « Adte brid. doafd aftiil a Bee rete aye: ede. ebivol’ co seew ay To peOReee pivoo ons oxdi* cf, Rout Sesce ast aoiy aa Poe] sey ; ] ont %5 dtod or inews @if af Teo » geoqel tr a nrlees eof och gaaee aa ine oT doje pewetl [62> (214) dispassionate harangue about the dangers of these parts and all the fever that wasteth white mankind. October 3 More rain with a spell in the afternoon that let us venture for a couple of hours.I brought in nothing;G.R.got three.The Ranandi blew a cylinder-head and is delayed another day .Caught another sphinx moth of the same species that we have been getting. October 4 Ranandi sails at noon and the Awa will leave to-morro morning .Collected both fore and afternoon bringing in a half a dozen specimens- one"koro koro"pigeon and a small hawk;in the evening we skinned two birds each,a record turn-out.All set to shove off in the morning. October 5 ‘ Out of Tulagi bag and baggage at 10:30.It was a great moment.Outside of Savo we rolled to big swells from the SE, the last of the regular monsoon.Beautiful night but rough sleeping. I was sea-sick to the point where I was forced to expel the contents of my stomach. October 6 Shot a brown gannet on the wing about 15 miles from the Bili passage on New Georgia;and then jammed the barrel of my gun with a pull-through.Anchored off Bili village,a 7-day advent conquest;the passage leads into the Mar@vo Lagoon on the SW.Here we spent the day,delightful swimming and a good rest.The worst of the sea trip is behind us. October 7 Pleasant passage to Mongo passage in the Marovo by way of Lili Hina where the 7-day advent outfit hath its head- quarters.Here we had lunch(on board)and tried to pick up a native to pilot us through a shorter passage.Failing,Captain Tate carried on to the aforementioned anchorage where we put in another fine evening,with swimming and extraordinary kal on a freshly caught fish.All shaved in which I featured by throwing the captain's razor over board.Have seen plenty of terns and petrels.Many birds could be heard at night in the Marovo,in particular some kind of a night-fowl with a raucous staccatto cry. October 8 Arrived at Hamarai Plantation in Ramada Bay about 2h o'clock- a Mr.Newall the manager.His wife gave us two excel- lent meals with fresh meat.On Hamarai(Hameri)they have a num- ber of blue and white herons according to Mr.Newall the only representation in the group.This good man provided tools suf- ficient to ram out my clogged gun.The entire evening was spent in a heated argument drawing all the masculine indulgen@e as to the function, ordinance,and capabilities of patent and com- mon logs.Plenty of rain knocking about. October 9 {Sunday ) Out of Ramada Bay by 9 A.M.and steamed without mis- hap to the Diamond Narrows,passage into the Rubiyana Lagoon. Tied up at the wharf of Naru estate on Arundel Island.No one about until about 9 P.M.when Mr.Sims returned from Kokeqolo, the headquarters of the Methodist Mission.He reported the = Shee aise dee ores nae = ta Be fa. a of . 5 psiceal Se i othe Bs _ T ft s ft ey apc é — & , Sore a. tte of oid | > 7 ‘vy povlngse ave fee “Si i “a “Es et "aes mS Deo Sot ets mma edie, Dew. ‘eo to % 7 : at nodded: Pt 5 a 7 - b= ¢ be 7 4 7 mm . ¥ od : , OF aril / ai 1 omy 1 oe x oi tat ie wn 2 i «Agel > ve - t Fiore "Rrance"at Gizo on the word of the"Konakarra",Lever's steamer which called yesterday.Also said there were two from the expe- dition collecting on Kulanbangra,a small island of remarkable altitude.Have seen many species of salt-water birds;the bay is full of fish.Spent a quiet evening with the mosquitoes. October 10 The run to Gizo is 60 miles.Left Arundel at 7 A.M. and made it by 1 o'clock ahead of some bad weather.Saw flocks of terns and petrels feeding on shoals of fish.Quite a common sea-bird here is called the "bellama"- supposed to be some pro- gnosticator of weather;like a gannet,long,forked tail and mo- tionless flight.During the morning we had a good view of Kulan- bangra's summit where Dr.Drowne is at work.In Gizo the" France" is expected to-morrow afternoon.Instructions for us are to wait.G.k.spent the night up at B P's staff quarters,I on the Awa where plenty mosquito,he stop. October ll Ariel Cove - Kulambangra [. Solomons Four of the crew ot the"France"were sent over to Gizo in the long-boat to pick up news about our arrival;so Captain Tate kindly decided to run us across the bay.The Awa left afte lunch and by 2:30 we were on board the elusive schooner.Mrs. Beck and Dr.Drowne and Captain Lang welcomed us.All hands were tickled to get their mail.Mr.Beck,Hicks,and David,the cabin boy were up on the mountain at camp.Spent the afternoon gete ting settled and a very pleasant symposium which lasted until midnight on board the Awa,"Bill"Tate and Dr.Drowne among those present. October 12 Collected up the river that empties into this cove A.M.in search of the little rare,blue kingfisher;returned for lunch and helped"Doc"with some carpentry.Collected along the shore P.M.I took. one long-tail as it is called,Mr.Beck thinks & kind of ground cuckoo,of young plumage(brown) and a shriek. Doc gave valuable instruction in bird-skinning after supper. October 13 Collected all day until 3 o'clock along the trail up the mountain.I took two black-heads.Manuel,who left for the camp on top yesterday to tell Mr.Beck of our arrival,came down with 6 or 8 specimens;what with the work of Doc and G.R.we got up from the work bench about 10:30. October 14 Another day in the bush.Returned about 4.I took one gray fly-catcher,brownish-red breast,and a common dove-the green, scarlet-throated fellow called"koro-koro"by the natives of N'gela and Guadalcanal.Mr.Beck came down the mountain dur- ing the morning and informs that we are all through on top. After kai-kai Mr.Beck went out in the dinghy after terns and shearwaters,the latter passing on their migration from Alaska or Siberia,etc.,to N.Z.or Australia.Only the rare kingfisher to take and we shall pull out to Vella. October 15 I helped prepare birds in the morning while Mr.Beck went after the little rare kingfishers,returning with three, each different.Heaved anchor after lunch and coasted to Sand wT) ros 0c04 ect Yo Beno eb me Gabe tae -. ew oes Blas @efag 2eey bel iac "tz" lol lia 4 ede fet oe meltoscilen ag, “aS OT1. a fs Gece See tO 66) oes sia Rese eyall.o routJle. som et see gotveys Slup e taegé.dalt teu vi vedadet -E.A \ 38 leolbinue Jitdem@ilm O8 af onlG of out ad? = Rsooil vec. 188dsew bad Ogee lo beeta goolo'o I yd 31 ebam . Minos « ely. CO12 30 alacda oO galbeet aletteqg ban saaed “Og smoe ec Oo) bewcqgen ~"anaifed” ed befleo af ered bal “08 Coe ffet bakit, ao! Jencen @ Ox! licvedsecw Yo sods ( “aélus 1° eeiv SOoe fw bart ow, aatiwrom edd an baud: & “Sonex ' scien el’. stew ge ce! enwert.«a eabde @ : ; ce! Jo (pol. foentedsts wouog-od th? £1Op hg Std Ses ede ae & 22 Gu Jogls, end; sda 8 sr =f 7 > Fly Inlet,six miles northward where it was decided to spend the sabbath,our first on board.Apparently this day of rest is the only available time for note-typing except while at sea.Mr. Beck went out in the dinghy after shearwaters and brought back grey-backed and bergi terns two of which fell under my sealpel. Both G.R-and myself already notice the effect of the coaching provided by Dr.Drowne and Mr.Beck;Hicks is also very helpful. It is remarkable how much one can pick up just by watching the operation of these three.All the birds we took in Tulagi and carved up so deftly will be sent on to the Museum;one little hawk has not been taken yet by the expedition.The Vanikoro owl given us by Capt.Hall of the"Royal Endeavor" proved a welcome addition. - ~ At this anchorage birds sound more plentiful than at Ariel Gove.The long-tail, honeysuckers,white-eyes, parrots, wag- tails,and kingfishers are heard with the usual nocturnal frog serenade.1l have commandeered the hammock under the boom for sleeping quarters abetted by a poncho to aid the leaking awn- ing;here I can appreciate these elefactory offerings of our fea- thered friends. Mrsilak ¢¢ October 16 Wrote letters and notes before lunch and then got ou the water-colors,making a rather questionable reproduction of a parrot and a much more»plausible one of a kingfisher .Mr.B took some photographs and developed them soon afterward,the on- ly safe method down here.I decided to use up the rest of the exposures in my camera since they can be developed on the way to Vella Lavella.Wrote notes in the evening on Kulambangra, lit- tle as I have been able to observe.Conversation with G.eR.eand the Doctor on interesting topics until a late hour. Kulambangra I.lies at Bat.st S. Long.157 W.and is near- ly circular in shape.From N to § it measures approximately 13 miles and E and W 14 miles.The coast is quite regular and shows a number of fair anchorages for small craft;it's margin is en- crusted with fringing reefs,many of the coves being sheltered by coral barriers.It is the last island of the group that was completely surveyed by H-M.S.Penguin in her trip of 1393-5.The central volcanic peak rises 5200 feet and extends in razor-back formation N and S for about 5 miles;the principal drainage runs in the opposite direction down numerous ravines that cut the main ridge of the mountain.The contour lines have a much more rapid rise to the mile from the S.than from the N.,the latter end of the island showing the smoother topography.Red clay is present above 1000 feet while the lower soil is chiefly volcan- ie buff and coral rock.Birds are more plentiful and vary more at the higher altitudes.Mr.Beck and Hicks found a rare species of thrush,pigmy parrot with red breast and blue markings ,and yellow-bibed doves above 2000 feet.Thickheads.bald fly-catch- ers,blackheads,black and brown fantails,white-eyes,and honey- suckers range over the entire island.This is true of the lar- ger birds like parrots, paroquets,long-tails,and the red-knob- bed and gray pigeon.Shrikes,wag-tails,swallows,and swifts pre- vail nearer the shore and especially around swamps just inside the mangroves that line the immediate marge.The brown ground dove is quite common here;natives have captured a few alive for Mr.Beck.The ordinary kingfisher may be heard anywhere along thé coast bothethe brown-breast and the white-headed;the little red: billed fellow and the blue-headed variety frequent the rivers and have been taken at high altitudes.Plovers,bittern,and the blue heron are common along the reefs.The mina as usual whis- lhe, 1S ~ OTR 2 i A yeswmels oe a Apes ee - 4 1 Aghae te ~~ 3s La og t >» JOUTRs any salve ¥ oofy &f aesh; doef: baa J lig i ts eLeyil Sew; ms im oyonlaey ~ a idl a v7 ~ a ‘ ttw yee ~ Ae LP a p.! way \ sy i. 7.6 ) ; ial) . Vi iti ~* aa rit 4 ' 1 3 sooaee. _" : = fs Osh ol } - 7 te a * “wort tne ape 4 maine A Aen af @RlsIne ett seve ae at : _sfoupeteg , og ontn a = < J-32f sould. ames val ‘oeges bam eof j eos xt off onl? test a Lait rifen; ose pokmoo add, | sonal Ys ali yteotis alll ari = “ Sega T aS bal si oO seas ‘ Ment - tles gaily.In addition to the pigeons mentioned Mr.Beck has taken a number of birds similar to the red-knobbed and common gray but showing white throat and white head.These do not stay up high like the yellow-bib,one or two having been shot near the ship.Kulambangra boasts only a few salt-water villages, hav- ing been depopulated by head-hunting marauders from Choiseul and principally New Georgia;the pickininnies were taken in sla- very-There are perhaps a dozen villages,having perhaps 100 in- habitants.Mr.Beck had found trading for fruit or vegetables slack and has not used natives in the bush.Fish,limes,yams,and pineapples have been procured.The men are 7-Day Advent converts and appear apathetic.Those who brought the ground-doves receiv- ed enough to pay their yearly tax which is about their only con- cern.The meris do all the work both in the garden and around the house,so the masculine worries are few.They do not use to- bacco or betel nut as forbidden by the Mission.The villages re- veal nothing startling in the way of arts of life. Yesterday morning Mr.Beck went after the little king- fisher returning with three,each of a different marking.He was forced to remove his trousers(pants)to chase one in among the mangroves.In the afternoon he collected sea-birds in the ding- hy- sooty terns,several of which G.R.and I skinned under excel- lent tutelage.Toward evening I saw many plover and cormorants. All planting on Kulambangra lies at the N.end where the ground is most level;Lever Bros.are the owners. October 17 Mr.Beck up at 5 AvM.and out in the dinghy after shear- waters,which escaped him;he shot several sooty terns.After bream fast G.R.Hicks,the Doctor,and I collected near the shore tak- 15 birds in about two hours.I shot a red and green paroquet, two minas,a white-headed hawk and a honey-sucker.Birds seem more plentiful here than at the Ariel anchoragesMr.Beck shot a- other brace of little kingfishers,Hicks two more,making six of different markings taken in two days in this vicinity.Previous to Kulambangra only one or two had been collected on Guadalcan- al.Insects,small fish,and crabs were found in their several stomachs.Prepared birds for an hour before lunch and for most of the afternoon,turning out three skins,a phenomenal number for me.After supper raised anchor and stood out for Vella La- vella,failing to gain the anchorage and lay to during the night. Another color sketch of the little blue and white kingfisher turned out much better.Weather generally fair with short rain squalls.Temperature in the cabin approx.85.David had a touch fever to-day.G.R.and I have started on quinine. October 18 Dropped anchor at the Methodist Mission station Vait- asoli located on the SE coast of Vella Lavella,Rev.Bensley in charge.The native village on the salt water numbers about 200. This mission operates a good-sized coconut plantation in coop- eration with its religious work- with some profit since labor is free.Mrs.Beck found feminine companionship with two ladies who live at the station.Mr.Bensley gave us a fine boy to guide us cross country-He took us inland to a lake- the Doctor,G.R., and I,but we found it quite devoid of the expected bird life excepting the omnipresent parrot.Its name-Kola Kola and is per- haps imile wide being nearly circular.It lies on the NW side of the island only gmile from the salt water;its level is that of the sea and the taste proved brackish.We cowld hear long-tails and saw two red-headed hawks Returning the Doctor took a young green heron on the shore which we had to follow for two miles nl) . MOOS bud 1 0 abe eg ori pete? “i 6j4AW. 56 dad 2 : os sibee ., ist OW Te BaD Sitamo Lak oF r-J ine ete Yeo 4 DUS ad Smit 6 3 ae aueee th sistal peed we ylliagtdn bs aenest fy. Sepak Siaevacs Jsauve “itor agvon-be Tigo Tin 4 of t5 edd. i 7 23 & fe LOBLme. dai i i -ione Pe _ he o aff wT f at ‘ \s : " bot ~ cies aahw mots: eco Saeniont “Fro Des. ext, @ont , am es ik, P ‘ ; int au dos Dfleoyweb eflup tl. [ottag sureaong sree ere = Reed nd @ iw elim 4 fe. @: eae inetd Seven ated sal Ars louteletwed Gees fofaw som The best hunting proved to be on top of the ridge that we had to follow to reach the lake.Here we found a new species of white-eye,yellow bill and yellow and white breast which is close to the Gizo variety,bald fly-catchers of new appearance; also the striped gray-bird,and honey-suckers,black with red on the tail;the long-tail shows an occasional light feather in its tail.We saw few pigeons or doves except the red-knobbed and gray;the Doctor spotted a couple of white-headed doves on the wing.-Bothehe and Hicks picked up a snake apiece,both new and one poisonous according to the demonstration given by the native.He indicated that venom from its fang made one fella sick too much,he put him inside on ground."All in the village showed trepidation,the meris especially when shown the snakes. These natives are thoroughly missionized- dark-skinned and for the most part healthy.Their made over church is a queer combin- ation of Christianity and Totemism;it contains long benches and the altar on a dais,but on the rafters are fastened all the repudiated totems of the tribe- birds and fish.I could re- cognize the kingfisher,sea-birds,and the shark.In the canoe- house was the largest and finest canoe I have yet seen in the Solomons;it would hold 20 and is elaborately decorated.The two ends are joined up to a height of 8 feet and curiously encrust- ed along the joint with separate shells which had been run through with reedy material decorated with red feathers, inlaid pearl shell along the outer gunwale.After kaikail many came out to the France and watched us prepare skins in amazement.The boys of our crew gave their usual musical offering and were ap plauded by the natives who soon responded with some Methodist hymns in four-part harmony.After putting up 35 skins,G.R.and I doing 6,we went aft to find Mr.Fuller on board from his plan- tation next the Mission.He very kindly presents us with fresh real cow's milk, vegetables,and a whole bullimacow.The Museum owes quite a debt to these people for the extra nourishment they provide her men with. October 19 Vella Lavella extends in a general N & S direction and is 25 miles long and not more than 8 wide in its greatest measurement.The maximum altitude is 3000 feet and the main drainage E & W.A river that is navigable to small boats 6 miles into the interior is reported on the western coast at Mr.McCak- ron's place which should prove an interesting spot for birds. Mr.Beck intends returning.Stood out on aS by W course for Ga- nonga after breakfast,dropping anchor between the mainland and Inijaru I.,after lunch.The native village 1s Kumbokota and flies the 7-Day Advent Colors.Ganonga I. lies directly west of Kulambangra 20 miles on the 8th parallel of latitude and is 25 miles long and 5 miles across at its widest point.The island extends in a general SW direction.Mt.Kela rises 2500 feet above our anchorage,the summit being negotiable in one day's climb.As usual the ridge of the mountain runs the long way of the island and is drained by steep ravines cutting it at perpendiculars. In these fresh water abounds.The Doctor,Hicks,G.Rk.and I went a- shore to collect enough for the night's session.Bald fly-catch- ers were plentiful;red parrots,paroquets,and the friendly wag- tail chorused in the coconuts along the shore.I followed a stream and shot two fly-catchers,a white-eye,brown fan-tail and an ord- inary kingfisher.Doctor found another variation in the white- eye from the type taken on Vella Lavelle.In all we had 20 birds to skin,fly-catchers predominating .Natives came out in large num- bers and report habitation of possum, yellow-bibed doves,and ground doves.They tend excellent gardens here;all the fruits of the field were brought out for trade-pawpaws,cucumbers,bananas, i soueud~ ws, ag 26 wm, soul Lov seed+-o2{gn te ton di104,¢7 eige. Meee e447) (os newlg, oeks 3 dao? ony Ohat 5 ivy cet at «BGs Ce OED ; : d “09 bod Been icabeetec to fsate plilworots es 3 Aidase tems # of Bye: 1-ve-siem sishti plated ee » " S61) «lowwee- ae ysiart wt ’ a 4 “ Sum, aleb & fom e To 2 _ “Sade! ed * peg eve eo eed é Peditaietinr pitas ; x 2S iene’ ee Hp a i Bis pmigringes a a mw £4 ) Pa ‘t Aisa A , cs Pay tpigct ey Game 7 wens on a ' pert 4 tls aad pu. gen)» He Aetteheors toc $a of: epid@us ori, ‘ é “f6Jao~% ~ ae 2.enJ.3 » “Bro a ii § PA we 224 q loud? YS (2¢) yams,plantanes,and sweet corn,a remarkable product.The last- named is the first Mr.Beck has encountered in the islands;evi- dently introduced by a missionary.There are very few natives up in the bush and such provident husbandry is not typical of the salt-water man. October 20 Five of us ashore resulting in about two dozen birds. Mr.Beck went to the top of Kela bringing in a new variety of thickhead and one yellow-bib dove.I went up about 1000 feet and secured six birds,one a new and interesting kind of black- head,marked with brown,and a pigmy parrot.Mr.Beck anticipates much good material here.Hicks shot two of the little river king- fishers and G-Rsone.White-eyes are proving difficult to get, they move about so lively and when shot very hard to find.For the lat- ter a native is especially helpful in the bush.Doctor went to the top of the ridge and brought down among many specimens a new snake;also a very interesting exhibit of native twine made from the liana vine.The young plant is strippéd of its bark and | the hemp-like fibre combed out;this is twisted into cord that is used for fishing principally,For anything ordinary the native uses raw green vine,making an excellent bundle out of large leaves. This he uses to carry anything perishable.By an extenuated demon- stration the Doctor managed to communicate the idea of possum to one of the boys who savvied immediately and declared that "plenty he stop along bush".He and his mated were admonished to catch as many as possible.The expedition has already sent some specimens to the Museum,so my enthusiastic intentions about bag- ging the rare marsupial for Dr.Raven have already been fulfilled. Out they came after kai to trade vegetables, fruit, tortoise shell, and some curios,as ethnological articles are popularly termed.G.R. brought out everything he had to offer and was really dramatic in his business of barter.The men are of the salt-water with a 7-Day Advent froth.Most of them ignore the taboos of the order, using tobacco and betel nut freely.They are very dark-skinned and small of stature;not as many as usual showed scars from tinea and other skin afflictions.This particular village has a reputa- tion among the nearby whites for industry and health,most of it taught them by the missionary.Such things as seed corn are cer- tainly introduced by the white man.The meris and pickininnies of missionized settlements are not inclined to run for cover when approached by a white person as is characteristic of the more ab- original natives.A wreath of amazed black faces framed the hatch of the hold while we were skinning;no doubt many of the more sophisticated understand when we tell them that America like to look along pidgin that stop on the Solomons.But the majority think us quite"cranky"(nutty)and therefore treat us with delicate con- sideration. October 21 A day not tobe soon forgotten.Reached the top of Kela about noon where birds were plentiful,but I missed more easy shots than ever before.Took two thickheads and a pair of female bald fly- catchers finally.The climb near the top is rough,thickly wooded and serrated with small ridges that eventually lead up to the main ridge where the trail is located that g0es to the bottom. I got off completely on the way down chasing little kingfishers of which I secured two in a small tributary drainage.Spent a half hour looking for the last one and then found myself completely lost after finding it.By this time 1t was too dark to undertake & systematic recovery of the trailjso I came down with the draiin- age, sliding and scraping over rocks and boulders.I described some splendid @Pres and:came to halt on a large flat rock upon which tfa iy - pipet brag Su6 rte pans ae eet. csbaae ad baritone a ae i& sede sie dase) owes tivaer lla: ei tb see. UD 16 yloluey 8 af satanind alod to Gag eg? co) Jase geet Of6l EE ‘Ge soee E.eveh did- ~Soald <0 tutta Bp, bas «98 8 Ad 290 52 NPR RECS vue ES whl. -jel wot ot. Oe ‘Yicy Jode wedte Pes cleo tf Snape qwico’. ame fs al SMi¢ied _ylinigeg ; wet Jiucoed boa € juwht arid Jeoeeend s Bee ebaedto | cos etd té08 fesJaeve san? o yeas DOS CDOT pty tie leat ob Yaw add ne (iame @ ab ows ¢ boa ee gael ead» ools efae Yaeee os ,fiard O88 % TIeyoo nove gakgetoe Sia salhesneae ao Jiod Oo Galo; ie SP aR ae 4 Ee ee 27) I fully expected to spend the night.But the boys in the crew did not desert me and I soon heard halooing and gun shots that lost no time in finding my stout bellow.I got back to the ship about 7:30 much the worse for wear and thankful not to have to spend a night in the bush because how it did rain be- fore morning. October 22 Yesterday's ordeal made me feel unequal to the climb so I collected northward along a shore trail that took us a mile up in the bush.We picked up two natives who took us to a patch of trees that seemed full of birds.In addition to bald fly-catch- ers each of us took a female gray-bird,new to us from this island. I also shot a brown fan-tail and three white-eyes.The Doctor took @ wag-tail to look for possible variation.In all we brought in 20 birds.G.R.reached the top of Koomba,a smaller mountain to the south of Kela where he found thick heads,honeysuckers,white-eyes, and fan-tails.It is remarkable how scarce the blackhead is on Ganonga;we have only taken one as yet that does show consider- able demarcation from the Kulambangra type.This and the yellow- bib dove are the special desiderata here.There is supposed to be a black cockatoo on this island and Vella Lavella as well ac- cording to the yarn of some plantation owner.It has not been seen.The long-tail,malau or megapode,and the ordinary red-knob- bed and gray pigeon thrive;and the usual parrot and paroquet. For so small an island the fauna is most abundant.Not only the birds but mammals,reptiles,land-snails,and insects are various and plentiful.Three snakes were taken to-day and in the evening natives brought three more on board;there were also six or eight giant frogs and five possums.The latter are very docile for the natives catch them simply by feeling about in tree holes with bare hands. This will give Dr.Raven a good series of the Solomen Island phalanger.The fine yield of the gardens make our dining table resemble a sort of Arcadian feast what with five kinds of vegetables.The natives are eager to trade but are very shrewd depending on one who"savvies too much"for advice on a bargain. G-eReand I spent our time on the possums while Mr.Beck and the Doctor ran out the birds.Two possums were left for to-morrow. October 23 Skinned possum in the morning.After lunch we went ashore to take luxurious bath in the big stream with germicidal soap-I took some photographs around the village.The Doctor per- formed a neat piece of surgery on one of the old men who had a hand badly infected with blood-poisoning.The courage of the ord- inary native under pain is phenomenal;all his relatives and friends stood about exhorting him not to flinch.Returned to the France to write some notes;made a water-color of a kingfisher which in the process of drying was relieved of all its exquisite gamboge by the flies. October 24 Mr.Beck,Hicks,and I climbed the mountain and ran into nothing but rain in torrents.Hicks and I built three makeshift leantos at successive stages of the journey for shelter.My part- ner is an excellent woodsman as well as an expeienced bird-hun- ter and skinner of the Beck school.One can learn much by watch- ing him.I took very few,a fan-tall,two blackbirds,and a pigmy parrot.Both Hicks and I think we heard cockatoos.The white spe- cies is certainly not present or we should have seen it.Hicks claims he saw one of the black ones fly;it could have been any- ,thing.While we were getting wet up top the Doctor was busy col- jecting 28 birds lower down where it rained very little.I took @ large lizard on the way back of which only one other like it oid Tye. ddgia witb “aloo hac wipe 2 led soode gene pte te goon to) tome i wit saleoel mau Mie i Gaile aiao3 laeponsi eer oe. ohne Leebso setineinel fie é vy yatle treeitcon tesoet Loe: 1M 7 Jat end ow Seneig s%.deud oft) aby . “Stolee-elt Bled of mt Al.ehits to List beoves sadd oOOTs é -bostel wtds eae tid-qang efeme? &- soos aw to me sofool oe e-t vid bua ifed~se': awoid a. Jose i fa el jadyey eldlasog Oe ne 3 _: * ; OY ig aad’ awn Wetstd Dave ba | ee = ond Tt *¢ wii nt tobe sMaliagnia «. “ob Lopmmie” ae eheaia emteun effahtioxe atl ta tS potabLes ast ote = " "= aban} ogat o#7¢ Dre fed « t rom =) beval lo ry baa. atot he a SZigsaerinn se) titud TI See axolls adeepie? af -Siag (eh. te Prieieng ‘tee vastienal eds: 1¢ Megetea ov afid= byt S boohed eq te MB ae i iew ers emerge hati -So03249° 7 Asus ascw cowed swe! @ wand tae on? ao (29) has been taken in the islands.Hicks found a nearly fully devel oped embryo of a phalanger lying in the trail which may prove of interest.The Doctor has taken a host of land-snails from Ganonga as wellp~s from other islands.Insects we pick up whenever we can. Mr.Beck is a good hand at picking them up.To-night four more phalangers came aboard as well as a number of frogs and another snake.Of the possums Mr.Beck tried to keep two alive from the last batch without success;the Doctor thinks they died from con- cussion having been thrown down the hold with their feet tied. Two of the new lot,very young,were put in a cage and ought to stay in good health. Native names for fauna on Ganonga I.(probably New Geor- gia dialect):- red-knobbed pigeon - koora-borra gray koora-kau long-tailed dove - sakondali long -tail - mau ground-dove - buti bald fly-catcher - gec-sec unbangra blackbird - ninduko white-eye - nala med.sized kingf' er - pipi red-billed : - shinga pigmy parrot - kori korioriga thickhead - wekto watto megapode - kao possum - gondui flying fox - lau frog - bakarau big snake - kute small snake . - ungakoru October 25 GeR.and I reached the top by steady climbing by noon, I took care to cut attrail where the right g0Oing is dubious near the top.Heavy rain harrassed our collecting but I managed to get one yellow-bib dove,cherished by Mr.Beck,and a brown fan-tail. This dove is found only at altitudes above 2000 feet according to Mr.Beck.The ground dove,long-tailed dove,and both the red- knobbed and gray pigeon are found everywhere there are nygali nut trees,which means practically the entire island.We-have found whole nuts of the nygali in the craws of pigeons;it is quite a bit of chemistry for their stomachs to digest the shell of the nut since it takes at least two hard blows with a large rock or hammer to crack one.The meris prepare them with great skill and regularity using two blows to each nut.The nut is placed side- ways On a flat rock for the first blow and one end for the sec- ond;then the nut is taken out intact within its fine inner skin. Thickheads are found here only above 1000 feet.(According to the aneroid the topmost altitude registers 2550 feet).White-eyes and blackheads,the latter being scarce here,seem to be more plenti- ful thevhigher one goes although they may be collected anytime along the shore.The coup de grace scored when I shot the yellow- bib came to speedy retribution the further I proceeded down the mountain.I found myself very badly lost with nothing positive ex- cept the direction of the France by my pocket compass.So down I Came as before with the drainage,almost a part of it I should say, crashing through the bush and tumbling down creek bottoms.I was soon well bruised by the rocks and lacerated by thickets of bram- bles.One in particular known as"the lawyer vine"1is the most devil- ish botanical device for annoying mankind.It grows up fom the ground in long,green stalks about #inch thick and covered with sch. BaD Re, Le last utd: al ere aness jltene-Onal Te geet ag vVeoolie qe wedge ay eesaly on two] Jiata-eToe aeona’ ai3o0n So2 «9072-26 (ecan A « ea sid) wow. #ylie ore in ed amu Ra0Gg oven -tog most eth ede win oman eater 4 sustaneneua syeds lp doteaall bets fae iledu iis hinaoans awwod mmepid ated gufved os Sceue 229, epeo som tag rem, aauey yrev,¢ol seq edt 4 5 Atiasd boog af » “ares isey. 5 Minas 2 aqwet 101) sagen ov. oo) a 399. : er ch = aienty betapalabeg : = > a as ‘a : a ¢ ba) | : = > = bs, pen, _ “ ie _ — 4 ie ‘ 7 ow’ _ - ~—¢ a an me = a oe ~s - <' $e 7 inl ¥ ae | J i. : we ; ‘ eee? , a = ‘ eo = 7 ~ i“? ag ae re ie aay ore oak aan ™ . aes . ba 7 ae ‘7 a et : wv 8, ~* a) Patel a *L . ow yey c D4 a a = wa - > “xe, evi tioos eepirh Prove i ate a WS ‘ot " * ict tach ‘, d id a4 e ‘ a Ey 09 & sete a 2 Stod Aeet. soe gpd ci “ a F naar: to tatotad q@ bedareoal baa athe sily¥ sane edt ef “ankw seyeal ent ee onc mo* qa owoty, de Sc lAges ae eo tval h : ~owoo boe Seiey soaie ieee ok . A el 7 a ee 2 as a" (2th) tough thorns;these bend over about head high and send out fern- like leaves also equipped with spikes nicely camouflaged;finally from the tip of the lear there is a long trailing vine of thorns that attaches itself to any nearby plant or tree and the barrier is complete.To the cursory eye one looks quite harmless so that the amateur continually blunders into themj;once hooked it is a situation that patience alone can alleviate.At last I found the trail nearly half way down the mountain.! followed it with all despatch but darkness caught me about 500 yards from shore and I was once again hung up until the welcome shout of David reached my ears.Thus I lost four hours of good hunting and caused the boys some inconvenience;but experience lighteth the way for only one person.I shall use my bean more in the future I hope.Mr.Beck now advises taking some sticks of solid alcohol into the bush so that one can make a fire and some kind of a camp.The worst feature in spending a night in these forests is the fact that we are invariably wet through when we come out often lacking dry shells to fire as a djstress signal,and matches.Other birds ta- ken to-day,few in number were thickheads,brown fan-tails,and white- eyes ;Mr.Beck took another yellow-bib,making three from Ganonga. The Doctor and Hicks spent the day at the skinning table finish- ing up yesyerday's birds and the phalangers.The black cockatoo is still a myth as far as we are concerned.-Another large snake and some choice centipedes were added to the collection by the natives.Mr.Beck found the nest of a gray pigeon with both eggs and fledgings;aften*photographing he caged the two young birds. The green and the red parrots and paroquet as usual are here in considerable number.At Kulambangra the rare kingfisher was reason- ably hard to find;here they seem to be about the streams in the woods for anyone to shoot.In three days we have collected 6 with- out hunting them in particular.His call is much shriller than that of the ordinary kingfisher and is especially noted after rain.One usually finds him sitting on an open perch where he can fully realize the excellence of his voice.Rain squalls during the night disturbed my rest in the hammock under the boom;twice Ihave been rudely dumped out of a sound sleep upon the steering gearil expect to rig up something permanent when we get to Gizo. October 26 Raised anchor at six and stood out on a SW course for Narevo I.,spending the morning writing notes and drying clothes. The France covered the 20 miles by 11 o'clock under power and Mr. Beck lost no time in going ashore to see Mr.Pohlson,the only white on the place.He operates a copra export station and trading store on shares,the owner being Ike Green of Gizo.The anchorage is very fine on the NE side of the island well protected by a long barrier reef where hosts of terns nest- sooty,noddy,and sumatra. Narovo I.is 4 miles long and not over a mile wide in any part.A much smaller island,Simbo,which gives the little group its pop- ular name in these parts,is separated from its NW coast by a very narrow and shallow passage.Quite phenomenal thermal action arises along the shore of the larger island making the water between the two warm and in some spots boiling hot;it is fed by fresh-water springs and provides fine sanctuary for megapodes which lay in a large colony along the sandy shore.Some dig down to a depth-of 4 feet to deposit their eggs which incubate naturally and quickly with the warmth generated by the earth.A similar colony was de- scribed in connection with Savo and on the E coast of Guadalcan- al near Berande I remember a megapode colony where the natives gambled on the amount of eggs laid in the various holes.The pop- ulation of the two islands numbers nearly 1000 according to Mr. Pohlson.The people are very dark and short of stature typify ing the western Solomon Islander. ee ee oP . Vile ee ene 2.8 ete : oo imend eee web a Mgond b de ie Me pea whe Le tha 8x08: aor’ | ayers cant hen te ct emen the died s./Pt9 : *aiteaigtesss , ‘ wry araait eae woviy Baa vuelto ' Saetiec ‘raid : laa +3 td ence ole todaw- few a? xX t af ‘oi; Satt atogs ente at ows. A cel nokta Mebormem 16% (18nd Obes wr) > aeltvenq Fok maehag Ic: rigceh ce AWC) it ‘ase G. Sods ebrsa ‘eas int tho oo oral b ‘ - stead Jtacqed eXy Se « I! we oo ade Oxi taj * @ - : cali oF) ¥S Presents) « a a ont ole e ety scltos yon wy 38 im 2 efqtie® qana. a. ‘af jane Te vie en n? liad nt. t + is he oehe erat sae | 36) About half are missionized by the .Methodist;there is a Samoan Mission on Simbo which controls the largest salt-water village. The boys of the crew had a happy visit with their countrymen. The best accomplishment of the Missions apparently is in teach- ing the natives new arts of agriculture and domestic life.Thus numerous Polynesian methods of basket and mat weaving have been introduced by the missionary on Simbo.The planting of sweet corn and beans on Ganonga was the result of imported teaching.Narovo boasts of many domestic fowls which with the megapodes supply plenty of eggs;they can be purchased in any of the villages,5 for 1 stick of tobacco.The men of the salt-water near Mr.Pohlson's house are just finishing one large canoe that will carry 24 per- sons.The task has already taken four years and represents an art that is rapidly disintegrating since the old men no longer trouble to teach the youth such ancient accomplishments.There are very few mosquitoes at this anchorage but their absence is compensated by the number of flies probably caused by the presence of so many natives the majority of which are very uncleanly in their habits. Flies carry the diseases of the skin that afflict the blacks;and here in particular a number show bad cases of granulated eyelids. By noon Mr.Beck,the Doctor,Hicks,G.R.,and I were in the field.I picked up a salt-water man named Doti who took me up a trail like the side of a house since I told him I wanted to go up.We went up about 800 feet and I shot 3 bald fly-catchers but could only find one since each dropped 20 or 340 feet below me.I was informed that a small crater lies at the top,extinct of course,but did not investigate.Coming down another trail not so steep I had a shot at an eagle hawk and took a broad-billed bluebird similar to the species of Guadalcanal and Florida-.Reaching the shore I walked along the gov't road that leads across Narovo to Simbo I., taking a wag-tail and a white-headed kingfisher.Green and red parrots and paroquets were common among the coconuts.All the groves here are native-owned;the copra is sold or traded to Mr.Pohlson.I waded over to Simbo where I heard minas,starlings,and pigeons but had no chances.Here I shall hunt to-morrow.Returned to the main island in a single canoe,a singular accomplishment for me.No one took a great number of birds;the Doctor had a number of fly-catchers, male and female.Mr.Beck returned a long,light brown snake.G.R.also got a bluebird.My guide invited me to inspect his house which lay Just off the road on the way back.The neatness of the little settle ment surprised me.Japanese clover made a fine green lawn all around, and the houses were all»on solid foundations of rock.The meris looked very trim in bright lavalavas and were busily cracking nygali nuts of which my friend gave me half a coconut full.October and November is the nut season and one of their busiest since theyoput them up to last the whole year.The nuts are mashed and mixed with some unknown ingredients into a poi pudding;this is cleverly wrap- ped in a bundle of leaves and hung up to the rafters in the houses. The black boys came out to the France to trade fruit and vegetables bring ing yams,bananas,and pawpaws;not to mention the rarer hen's egg-Most of them were fresh but Mr.Beck found a number of mega- pode eggs too much ripe with pickininnies testing them in water. An interested audience watched us put up birds.The session lasted until 10:30 but all the natives depart before 8 and one rarely sees one prowling about after darkness comes down over the land. October 27 Heavy rain squalls drove me to cover from the after deck last night;rain continued through the morning keeping us on board. The Doctor,Hicks,G.R.,and I went ashore after lunch.I made for Simbo as planned and took four bald fly-catchers,starlings,and a mina.The latter resembles the Kulambangra species but has a larger dase oe re ator overss irmed o> Yigdt + whe a7 Me os “72 see afliiv “1a to te rea (etal Gaer 4a re és ysten 2S el > mg i] " Slams +f 4 sf* ome vu oe yl Teaver «Beare nt nati anisaw . st ahsoe ae # soit ‘he peti pai notin gO Ts cirri: sue - aw eotoliua ages Gle12" on0 b otoied ts ceb savigad a De sue heat add ye"o m anos I ep 2s 0222 ove aL a Kiar} woul ous coe a snoe f aa si 3 art ory sose ‘ bill.At the salt 31) -wat $/ I got three snakes eo igre as where the Samo species represented,nei ad been captured an Mission holds other grey and black. ther poisonous, one by the pickininnies. Two i ee De aeeriae tb palate aetase rong ale s scope the lar our to six f na stockade Instead of pu ge garden of yams,b eet high and incl stout - htt op eibeny imusdlately as" cranky’ al Sted oe baa e made bold to On all this nky all were : with"all thi ask me very re catching of bi much s fella pi n pectfully wh rds and snak people" that st pidgin ;I explai y what we intende beta pein opt deg hue of the common is fella long pidgin bel turning thro n sand-pipers pidgin."On th elong h the or waders e shore I trees and ame woods where the and a golden shot plover .Re- bed and ers of great heigh re were plent “Xe gray pigeo t and foli y of nygali by the nati ns,and the 1 age I heard neha ves and i ong-tail.The the red-kn - e d ma and most excit ng-tail is unmist e have not take e u ed call akable in t n any yet.Th second a sort like a broken Klaxor wo variations: -The of a big bull of low contented laxon automobi sithe first frog .N monody whi le horn of the forme g@e-Narovo yielded ch sounds lik and the t on oth y noteworth or cockatoos; mal activit er nearby isl y with the flo s;lack barrier hibae pace Narovo is ares tr. indicates as mg num- and Gizo.Here He aed compared to ua chee than the sie low ther- "LSet sapgedeerpgee sty ober be ouk of wakae pei eee Lavella denne es,and sumatra; e reef to-d arbours quit te informs th tra;he also ay bringing b e a tern at the 1 took some g back soot head house argest salt photogra h y terns here -water vil phs .Mr.Pohls . fine acters one can se lage still ci tion o: e the remn preserve skinnin f dried head ants of cann s its od gore a until after “9 and skulls.We biromgr A fe a with Only th collect.Hick e Doctor and I I again s and G-R. re went ashore af picked mained on ter brea Rt ased nic canes praca (cil bedi eAnaee be —— swamp I ai ag ea sdndalbab sone er shete sentiware pire ie ey seem to 1 enty of yell along.Here 1 Sis tian swall ike the low t ow honey-suck na salt- ows and t rees around ers and took on the point f wo white-heade swamps .Al four. ad ki so shot tw lee ee ee ee ngfishers.R o Tini- proceeded “Reached the peninsular. mgreves. make land % by canoe acr village fly-catcher unting was excell ravelling diffi oss a little rs3;m ent . eult to up a bright Joe dean the only fo Sa I soon had a half another used al green lizard fan-tail I dozen bald all my shells I and two lar have seen h phate by an old man i to Parl age fear Page ay se carted cet men and wo rom the vil p by direet ov Se aving ms g0 about obey engines Olas cine number of bebe i here nie outfielders’ pci sunshades pt aaron me;the old nap oebgerents Mics tice kine Gatch ths Lane Side “Maao Gee Ge. shonta ahs none of a Binet icnan,” ai e long-tail is"ma are called names sim- at ee ee s"mau",and they sav m the bald fly- any.The white-he y,"he stop along sw vy, the any heres ee, ole ee oe a"kekeou €sé words ave. forgotten me for the yell " ee en ee Snape eaten, Pa again" gonaut” cal feat e kingfi o the bi 1dul brown fan ure of the sher.Qr ther ra's call as i ~tall an bird or animal.’ ey describe so 4 et taken So gig 8 oe oad oes ice Doctor took cme hae ai Wiki ths latter eee ee ORD ony dan ids e e is the gra er might vary.P € long-tail thouch rata seen y pigeon;when not y.Probably the most igh it 1s feeding in the n common bird ygali tree,they “ow Ghkt be Saree cae 7920 6 aNed hates coliv evsana oem? = cary rage Yogtennc 4 240 LOAa6 a2 Le San beta) et etme ARN Jb lnm 1 d anaeto ‘ae zi afte lien! mivns ine Biro ld 2 anit 2: Ske waliok bebgecal o« ced¥ ent tie eveltimm.vou od sxe ced al wblc an joaa lt esece oft AY Sf, e=voic cesd ee dyson s oy eS ie « ipa topied Jette 30! eeeeenas (iat-onol of? tum enoegiq ® 'iloole 700 ef aaa “Usa hw -cegyeets WOT srea até, “é agit “i * Weed this. t! -ane » Si ee (305 « 'exté- mls € Cileveu bd [ers ”: fdetin guow edi#5daR pett. 1. auded OHO a iy A oo ,atnolo Cdgh epotidoos One aaa ood. ths ud yoda aba ast ts vet ego etd aby Ota pare at bted) ona og WEN aut De bLery shar tooent | Ta) wihais , ao = OR: ip glad. lial aimee aa 28 tl, TT —————— i ‘ (36) Pigs are supposed to be plentiful although none of us have seen ~ any;we found a lot of mud holes on top of the ridge where they evi- dently wallow,in addition to "pig trails’ .These tracks are most use- ful to us where native trails are lacking;one finds them running along the top of a ridge so it can be followed with reasonable as- sumption that it will lead to the most: gradual slope to lower ground. It seldom is a problem to get up a mountain;getting back down is the perplexing part,and in this the pigs are of considerable assistance. We were up from the skinning table by 9 P.M.,and glad for the Sab- bath to-morrow since all the field party are suffering from divers minor afflictions;the itch is shared about equally,an insidious ir- ritation about the ankles caused either by sand-flies or some kind of a"chigger"like those found in the southern U.S.,that burrow under the skin.Mr.Beck with his remarkably sturdy constitution and tough hide seems to fare better than the rest of us.I have a special dispensa- tion in the existence of a swollen lymph gland located in the left groin. November 6 Wrote notes and dabbled in water-colors in the morning. ‘Mr.and Mrs.Beck were hosts to the people from Binskin.David has arisen from his bed of fever.After lunch the Doctor,Capt.Lang,and I rowed lazily over to Fairway I.,a distance of a mile from the ship.It does not measure over 100 yards in breadth and marks the end of a barrier reef that extends to Bagga on the West.Even on this little spot of land birds were plentiful:starlings,white-headed kingfishers,and red- knobbed( often called white-tailed) pigeons,plover were also seen.The Doctor and I took several photographs.The strong tide in Beagle Chan- nel made it a hard pull back and in this I made trouble for my swol- len gland.The swelling increased with added pain and stiffness and following kaikai came a dose of fever.The Doctor knocked this nicely with a 15 gr.dose of Calcium Iodide and I repaired to bed in a makin- aw shirt and a blanket. November 7 I remained on board on the Doctor's advice and the sanction of Mr.Beck.The fever subsided during the night but the groin is still stiff and painful.The rest of the field party- Mr.Beck,the Doctor, * G-R.,and Hicks went ashore for the morning.I read and typed notes until lunch when they returned with about 25 birds.It took the France just about an hour to run over to Nyanga on Vella Lavella where Mr. McEachran( formerly referred to as Mr.McKechnie) operates a plantation. He came out immediately bringing Mr.Fuller who is a visitor and the same man who gave us the whole bullimacow when we stopped a day at Vaitasoli on the east coast of this island.He went ashore with Mr. Beck to show him some skull caves located nearby,the cenotaph of many native warriors.G.R.,and Hicks went out after pigs which again are reputed to be overrunn ing the district.The Doctor and I,aided by David, ‘‘ up the morning's catch.Hieks and Mr.Beck brought back flycatchers both bald and blackheaded) ,two white-headed kingfishers,and two brown fantails.No new birds were taken this morning on Bagga I.No pigs were seen or heard.We are anchored approximately at the central point of te west coast between two rivers;one on the South is supposed to ow in orderly fashion permitting navigation, provided one takes along & cross-cut saw and a brace of axes,14 miles from Mundi Mundi,a mis- een ertelen farther north.The other river‘ on our North according to r-McKachran is navigable for a small craft 6 miles where it strikes Lae) mest eved ay io enen Gavotsiz Ictitnefs ed 6d hHDexooc -ivs gerd Shae oats Pe Ons 16 God no eélok Bom Yo sor a enes ee oi) Som Ole anoavrt oped?. "alien wate” of meteiabe wt welleaw te ans press ie 4y part enorenittoaf ere weiter evitsa everw esr sh is, as afternoiabt die Bewollo? ef nao th Ge eabit w 26 God and « re WotR ‘rene ft ot egota fexroata Sdaeh- edt od Dael dhl sf vacdd ook Savin wid at awoh sond yatsroy: olatnvem & qh top oF meldoig 6 ef sobies #1 sonetalees oldarebfence ‘xc ove agl¢ ent side ol.bea fiz 2itketeieg ~dad ect a0T balg bow, 2.4 @ yd efdes antcktde edd mott gv écew/ el etev th fost geleettva eta yineg Blalt ent sis sonts WOU TOM OF of ~sT auvolbtagt an, yileupe ivocve benaie ef dogk Sid. eaotsoLltts somk EMA emiteso eclli-hoes yd sedtio Betyes cofine salt toodg mn tiedls it webs vOtiud Jeig,.c.U miedjves sod at hewot edont Seti "teuntso's eid tnsot bra nolfsutizenoco ybawsn yidadtamen eld adtw Hoes. th. nkde -eaneqelih fstoege na évat I.au Io Jeez Sty nes Vested erst od -sness #%0r ott nt bedsool bealy dqvys aetlowa & to enmetetxe end AP Hols : : é «ttl ee eer . a ig PE i, o ediner¢. : ania. pro S10 Mo-togew ct betddeb frre eeson overF “fogs Ofddil eld? so nevd.gee¥ eit mo egyst of sbretxe Jad Teer elas edT, adgayzododa leroven xood I bas tod Ip 4 efduort obem I atdd mt dae Xoed Iivg brad s Sf Shem. Eo wy p atey bebbe diiw beaketon! giltiowe edt. Diets ere qotood ert.revet to eaob # hay fedtet gulwolior | Spe eat bed od Sesteqes I bos ebtbol mulolsd ie eaob.ts @f s ddtwv wtetnsid s bre dxiide we” sidonse “ent bre estrbs e'sotood edd no braod oo -benismen I [ite af alors end Jud idgin edd a bebiedya revel enT.dioem.1% To) sotood end - bioLt tegood edd foe. xm -ylrsq DIoLt sd? to teen. ocT. Lunt poe Ties eedon begyd bor beet 1. sailarom sft vot drew exoth “fort edd Soo td, ofr hch AD Hoda dod Peery gent todd donot liter i eveny s{leval si feV no eBseth- od, tevO ANS Ge qwot me ¢uOdR Penh notvadnalc © atdsiqe (efndoetoM. 1h Bo Od Lemme les yisentot net opel odd fre togtetv = al oftw softfut.AM shbeniae ylotetberial Jo S080 elt Ja vebh-2 Deygote ow rede wooumiliud olodw end ex Svss odw jem ‘omee iD. ion, Fas ated2tignii beheod-etinw.agnitratea:tytisneig. oer airrtsh bnel _ iT.naes of to \boddol ed oF ‘ aiid tl ch Ee , ; ance iets » ab citiw etodese Jnot eh babial “alts Wo yeeoe tnee atld ro ttogedisy oe nem ‘JO dqgedones sit, yorse8n podcoot aeves Linke emoe mid wore cy 2 ers tee dotde egig telIe Iwo Srey sxorh fns; Hh Deato beret evs daa yew yd beblse,T Sas tossed aft, foltdarh eit satonrreve ed O¢ hed uot nedoseoylt toad tugvotd tees. ta bie evoth. doce 4 ‘gotattom ent qu ~~ ouvd owt bre. arodettgnia bebesd-~ediaw owe , (bobeerbinald bag fied xtog ek 24f% OU.1 esyef o6 gotirrom of ‘tetsd osew absd wen of. alLadnat ; se Ylevemixerg¢s bewonone ete et. bysedl 10 60g tc gnteq fetineD ene ; ,2 Besocque ef mived sao 06 sno:esevls ow Reewted e209 doen eat 7 ole getad oto bebivotq, ao fsegtver ani tiateg nofdass yivebro al wo lt -atp wm, ilo Forgkt wort eekia 22, aexs 0 soseed 2 Doe Wee cyo-eaotd & Hoooos airot wo mo teyky TERTe sat. diqot votdte? solteta note : a ¢tetm [inna & 10% SOldsytwen ef ceivog doh. — | (37) the foothills of the numerous peaks visible from the ship.The high- est does not exceed 3000 feet and all appear to range along two ridges running generally N & S.We can see eight to the northward when it is clear;to the south there is visible a lower ridge,probably not over 1500 feet.The entire coastline on the Admiralty chart is lacking and the topography of the interior untouched.The 7-Day Advent Mission was first established on Vella Lavella and practically all the remaining inhabitants of the island,which are few,are under its dominion.The principal station is at Dobeli. November 8 Rain kept all of us aboard after breakfast.The Doctor advis- ed my resting the glandular leg again which has not yet responded to treatment.He opened what appears to have been a small intection on my instep;this may be the seat of the swelling in the groin.The Doctor, G.»R.,and Hicks went ashore when the rain abated and Mr.Beck took the dinghy to reconnoiter the mouth of the large river.He brought back one of the rare little blue kingfishers,black-bib dove,brown fantails,white- eyes,two white-eared kingfishers(mottled blue head) ,and blackheads .The latter species here and the white-eye are similar to those taken on Bagga.G.R.,brought in a new variation in the thickhead.The white-headed kingfisher is common along the shore.This seems to be a good- focal point for all birds;even the yellow-bib dove was heard along the river, an altitude not over 50 feet above sea-level.Mr.Beck also added an eagle- hawk to the collection.Returning he found a beautiful kind of tree-orchid growing close to the bank and so brought a large sprig to photograph.It is a long green stem the flowers growing out in a spiral ; they are a pale cadmium yellow dotted with black splashes and have five leaves in the calyx and a yellow stamen.Ordinarily there is no odor, but a faint but luxurious perfume is present in the early morning.Heavy showers hindered the collecting considerably.Mrse.Beck spent the day at Mrs.McEachran's house.I helped with the birds in the evening.No appa- rent change in my condition. November 9 G.Re,and Hicks ventured forth in the dinghy to camp up along the big river.Mr.Beck found two branches:the one going north is prob- ably the waterway to Mundi Mundi.They will be out until Saturday, the 12th.Mr.Beck developed a few films before going ashore to collect with _the Doctor.My leg is a bit worse this morning and discloses the fact that all the trouble comes from the little sore on the instep;the poi- son from it has infected the whole lymph channel.It was the beginning of a real"island sore".I wrestled with the eagle-hawk all morning and developed a pack of film.In the afternoon I lay down with the bum leg elevated until the field party returned.The Doctor had a yellow-bib dove and a young blue hawk;both he and Mr.Beck took thickheads,black- heads, baid flycatchers,and two black fantails with a new variation in plumage.David went out about 4 o'clock but had no luck and much diffi- culty finding his way out.Mr.Beck allowed me to skin a red-throated dove,the first of my experience.After kaikai I retired on the Doctor's advice to rest the leg;absolute quiet is the best remedy,so I am re- signed to lying on my bunk until the business is finished and cleared up-I noticed that the sore on the instep looked ugly and soaked my foot in dilute Dakin solution.The groin is still swollen and painful so I shall bend all my diverse energies to recovery b action- to wit, inactivity. 7 oY Ee er November 10 Lay on G.R.'s bunk all morning after breakfast,leaving it = (Bx) -iyic ss qide ons mont elibetv adléeq cooremin ade WW Blihoet ene ephit owt sools sgucn of “asaqe Tie kre fee," OCCe beeeke gon seen gan: a’ gi ocr brewidcor ent og Stigte See feo oF.6 # Ul fereney antensy ee T3v9 Jon pitiadoyg Baht YRNGL's aldiaiv’ af vveay oivem ade ose. to A ioe soidsgetT af Juels EttenimbA erly nO oot idencp ae edt. doot £ sev coltie?k thevbA ysd-T SN?. betssodia sofmetah eds,’ Rte ain aed eels aciniemey ody Ile Yilaoltoang bre aflovad 21 pet ne femeti ae tert | enit. agbaimob: adi qebrnt ora,.wel- ete nolhy .boaled ond Fo etapdidedal ‘ +h19do0 fe al poivese Lagtonk a & secmeven ae MO. R58d Biguoews et. royie 2 agra t LW y Wl word ov ‘ Ta TO, tSace’ ¢a xt + a ols qv tmko os Yihenth ert nt cittot bowtaev adel Sia,-fhd - rye A gohoy exo edd nedomesd owd bret foot. wivwervia atd ede eae “Eide ou0 ad Fite Yor Soka bau Oe odd" 4 = os : tiw Foelloo of erodes grileg sioted’ smlit we earn UM ASS. fost ont seaofost® Bae aainram eth} werow FFa 2 et ror yos5en Sut beg efidiqecen!? edd ao oxtve edsoit eng gow own eldyoud ead: lie omelet goiinntged act. sow 31. leahade dgayl . sfouy oad hejoeta) sad rar... bng =niwiom if& xwsti-elase ant ditw beltaorw ly erow baelst .me% 2 Suge aoLagud acd Siiv owoh Yel 1 cooteredte att pisgiht te vig He prin 5 dte-wolls, « bai wodo0t ea. Seddetet Waen BLely eny Lite ms ai -zpeld ,abeendotds stood acod. ti bad ead dod, awed Oars” eg ine, 6vob moldtetic? wou & Ssiw efietaat soctd pwe “hme, Atenonecyls m: ame ae! beseonit biead : ERSVS CO AGE Jaen s 6Ad ole HEIORe-OF Sagas ogee € woot oc fant Sosts! oft co aevicen Lenigitods wet 68 os onentT« edias stiviosn. on, lash Soon 3 [wr sea sya. eiqoeq mwo thos suc que 1 ateoga ec? to wet on fest yons ¥ witt ys boooisves sooa I.ciomut vot oget sot +49 09 te Saw yovrme-briel figuot « began se 1. Yiaeoq Iwo beaws dgtiw ‘to ferctnbé oft TO uttwerh edt mo Beead Tegan A a a all ci Yo ¢ fagame “SAS aeveul bas Jaeod Sit oe qlqmia oy I.teeT coo” as ebutiitis aus £ x20 edt avin: we deoxe pene —wttrantios ites —rignt sient pote tyre thew pti & ssn becigh iy eftie. ¢iusert {yteseoowe Prev mete ae {ht ata @# of —diew Ee ityitetyoad-t6—s Reh Saas % 1% oe no duo beoga One nesfounTol. ei To evaet fat € de ensTOsoRe One Lar erppen eee fosig s,ewol ewa agent ltets -abule qu SeTOSSe asiyaeasétaes { bfvote oot, ednebiaest end wolvaedeal es ; oolv iar T6186 tvgoce aw dyed oleh (40) ing to the chart.The rain abatted giving him a chance to shoot a few birds- fantails,both brown and black,thickhead and blackhead,and one flying fox.Instead of a mission he found a prosperous plantation under the direction of Mr.McPherson,about 150 acres under cultiva- tion.A number of the labor boys paid their respects and with them - came a fine assortment of bananas,pawpaws,and pineapples.All were Malaita men. November 15 All ashore except Hicks;my leg is practically back to old form.Mr.Beck took a trail that follows the ridge in back of Mr.Mc- Phergon's house.The Doctor and I hunted along a river which has out- ~ let just opposite our present anchorage.It averages 25 feet in width | and from three to six in depth except over the last % mile before the mouth where it gets much larger.G.R.,went upstream,salmon-fashion, the Doctor took one side and I the other.As expected rain came about 11 o'clock and continued until 5.I followed a river trail for a mile and found birds plentiful,taking both brown and black fantails,bald flycatchers,brown-winged blackbird,white-eyes,red-rumped honeysuckers, and one red-billed kingfisher,the only significant catch.I also heard the cockatoo,mina,long-tail,parrots and paroquets,and megapodes;I saw a brown heron on the way up and missed a bittern on the way down.The ground dove occurs in the usual reddish-brown.The Doctor shot a new species of ground dove,a fine male,purple and black with white throat and head patches.Mr.Beck thinks it similar to one taken on Ramos l., in the southern Solomons.The honeysucker here is very dark and the adult male shows a slight red marking on the top of the head in addi- tion to the rump.The little kingfisher I shot right beside the stream just after the rain.One hears their shrill pipe at such times,particu- larly if it is near evening.They are never found high up in trees but invariably near the ground usually perched on some dead log or bare limb.In flight they are like a streak.The bittern was near the base of a huge root-tree,a species of wood unknknown to me;the trunk pro- per begins anywhere from 10 to 30 feet above the ground surmounting a great pyramid cluster of roots that forms its base.The thickhead and blackhead are rare at the low altitude of the river bottom.Mr. Beck collected several above 1000 feet on his trek that took him to the top of the high ground about 5 miles inland.The France entertain- ed Mr.and Mrs.McPherson at dinner after the Doctor had extracted an ulcerated tooth belonging to the latter.The Doctor has proved a most welcome visitor both at plantations and native villages by virtue of. his profession. November 16 The Doctor went along the river flats again while Hicks and I took the high ridge trail and climbed steadily until noon.On the way I took one ground dove,a red-throated dove and afew small birds.At 12:30 the rain came down in tropical torrents and contin- ued all afternoon.We had an old native leat lean-to for shelter;when this collapsed upon our heads we came down,finding no birds in the welter of the storm.The river was greatly swollen and the entire basin in the coconuts inundated.Rising water had driven the Doctor outj;no one else came ashore. November 17 Raised anchor at 6 A.M.,and stood out N half £ for Choi- seul I.,a large body of land with numerous outlying islands;this should give us the balance of bird-types indigenous to the Solomons. We start a 55 mile run with a fair breeze.Like Vella Lavella,Choiseul / (Ob) “2 toode oS socio & mid aritvis Letsadea alas is od? of ant Be tay wet ele «| wendosld bas be@sidotds do2ld Bik ry “ie bedhead. Oljalieiy sgexeqacm 2s Babes ox oe tae of soead ~avisiun vebou sete Cel tuede , 08 eid itv fas sigoqgee. tiens bled’ fl 0 exon Lf a neigquenty Sirs., esa: % ca fo ma toad viigolsoend al wef wy way 3 toners Sai a dood ta68, ILA tuo ie at ee seis s goo fa see Tos9o. ext? a Ineeeyq 195 Lgge ‘dtaeb at xto ef son Pe nea las eaersanl © teniel doce afes 6: vesnw td wiser Lbetoeaqxe BA. TEN. to edt I bus hin sno urea’ waoug oo £943 - it & caaaid ars ut she abe Ped Bh. , | bart Wot sed ae “at 8 om n hOvVei-~ acd Ses goG att. esdar ott Od hit yo Led cats nesacmeie 6 witty yo wegelily evidean Due anottaerns fq te tivod sotlely ented. Sate bie exvieth alidw ntase ‘atalt wevis ent gneis new 1osS00 ‘ent POmoon Lite yiibeese bedatio bre itath ephis sare stig Hoo? I. fioms wets bis evoh betsow'd-her 4 syoh f gene Hoos T yar ~akieos bre adteri6t Isofgots mt aeob Gta mise ers Ps, enwinsdtodta tcT of-acel taef evitten bio ng. Bat etn oid ul abuld om goiintt,aqwoh emezo ew ebeen "Wh fh ec onrifoe ‘eta bre fel fore videerg sew Sev Ex emtsant onidvo xodo0d eft cevixk bad Tete probe, * todl cot 2 tist # suo Beode Brgy el a Gece "torons ] faz wich y Laue yroromurr a¢tw boat “$6 - eho | bat ih ‘aromoice 62 od” auede shot Beqya- Bits 20 voncted ont ub evita. : elim cat cifey¥ oid. credvd gia? & oeiw me = (42) I.,is very inadequately charted .At the nerth end ef Vella Lavella Mr Beek had it in mind te ee@llect again and spend the night at Saliva village but finding no suitable anehorage stood out definitely for Choiseul.,a distance or 35 les.On board after lunch I typed a few notes,worked at water-colors,and read.Toward evening a fair wind came up-A very plessant night at sea. November 18 Developed some photographs in the A.M.We dropped anchor be- tween Moli I.,and the mainland of NW Choiseul at 3 P.M.Saw one small flock of shearwaters, but Mr.Beck could not reach them in time .While awaiting his return Mrs.Beck collected a bunch of marine invertebrates in a bucket.Terns were numerous~ sooty and young Bergi;brown gannets and frigate birds(the latter I have previously called"bellamas",-this. I find is derived from the French"belle de mer") .A plantation owned by Mr.Hamilton of Sydney is operated here by Malaita labor;the overseer comes down once a week from Choiseul Bay.Close by there is a small salt water village,population about 30.G-R.,Hicks,and I went up 4 small river that empties nearby;Mr.Beck took the long boat to see if any white person stopped at the house on the island.I heard thickheads when we had landed about tmile up;I shot a white-eye which revealed a new variation- dark olive bill and olive-green feet,the head a lighter shade of the same color and the breast shows a great deal of white, yellowing toward the head.Hicks and I took black fantails which show. a darker plumage in head and back and more white secondaries .Returning we heard the hornbill.On the way down the river G.R.,and I each shot a white-eared kingfisher.Yellow honeysuckers and the white-headed" ku- ku" kingfisher(called"kekeow"on Choiseul)seemed plentiful among the coconuts along the shore.Mr.Beck had ten birds- starlings,black fan- tails,and a female thickhead.Natives from the village as well as a boatload of labor boys visited the France.The former are very black as contrasted to the lighter Malaita men;they are very quiet and friendly. They brought pawpaws,yams,and bananas to trade.Fishooks and calico were the desiderata.The island of Choiseul is 80 miles long and from 10 to 15 miles wide extending from NW to SE by the compass.The highest . ground is found around the southern end where altitudes of 2500 feet are reported.The maximum altitude at our present anchorage is,perhaps, 1500;the ground has the appearance of rising gradually in consecutive ridges that drain lengthwise of the island.The largest rivers at this end flow into Choiseul Bay.From our position we can see the Shortlands and Bougainville on a clear day.Fringing reefs lle along the shore here with a heavy barrier about 2 miles out. November 19 ; All ashore by 7 A-M.I followed a trail that led up a main ridge crossing the stream we investigated yesterday about 2 miles up. Thickheads,black fantails,and brown flycatchers were common;I shot several.The brown flycatcher does not show any white about the head like those recently taken on other islands eastward.I heard both the pigmy parrot and the midget but could not get a shot at either.I took a@ common ground dove and a brown heron.The red-knobbed and gray-headed pigeon are abundant.The long-tail is not present here,verified by the natives .I shot a hornbill as he was hanging upside down reaching for ek a caught in a liana vine and I was forced to cut an 8 inch tree © bring him down;he proved to be an old male with six notches.Black honeysuckers are not plentiful in the high country;they seem to prefer river bottoms.I often get their tiny whistle confused with the pipe of the red-billed kingfisher.The red-breasted dove called from the {ae} Si iovs\ SileY te bee Aicem ed? CA. 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Yigqnlia a ~ begliaiv eed evaed ew tesco edd qu esgelity 2 sede. eg Ste v at sdasen Gas Jf savon toedse & af exv)edT.Jnies nitssg 8 68 xeles Som evad-dottetetaevitennet- mt obendeetaia tog to” es ——— efdbinses “Otis qab ‘odd 20% oiedne- 1 one, ~otced edd, doed. wi 2” fe doof.td bewollot I.cucglejaio} Jace need-aed-nies-1e-cenaisedIe > es uniseots 1sd%s moomredte edd Ilva ool elgetl doutie bas Liarteeee ee a be edd grola. soypeo Lertoss ete oi fbrewiteon ewoll Jeds_cestt espe t tedotao- (lt betaaerd-bor basddoeid, [Latmat mwoad « sooe TL dated efamet bose Sfom 2 oot OAS ‘Ye ants2o xiteips elam edt. colidsellos edd of Bethea Stew yorT. em ovoeda eetd eit oval ogtod tevix edd of meoh Sedetlo L,eewls efemed ead ore ngneres ‘stm B. onta Seiqoty IASSeeneVye ie WT sonlg YLSaAII a2 es does, bes Seaalm bus anovet nwokt ote Weil elin © <> yt athe bas tevit old qv welayo To ytmelu ets a tatu effsif exftsnotyibhs of tonh s bas ono doris | ena SHOTS VYSeTe Mas Soy Aad aeons son waa DW.ebfid wol ¢s maeise nies arte. ed tdgtm atist eft ss90n sod eau at aiibest eilidmaien O¢ dJagel da ore ,ewoyo betodted dotiw eidmst YW ah. cont tuft odd to ebtant ery act” ‘abuid ed¢ to emoaj anoegtq getqcosh Sraed od Dives esedT. axouia diiw betevoo gt -soo odd Yo pilixeurle bas gotigurg tw tuoeg edt AtiW deltynid bast somes # to Jaen eds ewoved ot teed ww efiT,ebats edt exau gon bi dud. anmat baod eguel & aii hes’ elsmebive,getvalt evit yrewo tuods $i dhety . yanisisolg 2 yothosed ,olenot prodoveyares teoatld eo husg? keB8GNne toeegelb ol sucde bevevod vadgom ey Sie ay efi. yintoy efit foot Te bine? aoekes tacd wmol ent Bets het ov @teaw ene lg any evods teu ron tue aseld & sh yeh deem eteag iiak role sot Yj 2FyOdse BBR olaw % F * $ & w+ orrew epaudl.deitt yeot OGl een? hertsd4ead ian ‘egal a on ei al 460 oL3s! evnds vi , a oF, ‘gx wu ¥e ett eb Baod text? tS hore vo vald tie 4 eer beg" ed seth bre RAM. TM HICH. CART Re ont \ 5 F 2 main stream of the river in’ tne fork of dead limbs protruding ‘above the surface of the water we saw two wagtail's nests;one had two eggs in it,nearly incubated.Returning Mr.Beck shot two long tailed swifts and a small green parrot,a gray-headed female. November 27 Up.the’rivér after breakfast. to acquire some photographs and to bathe.Saw two little blue kingfishers and a dozen curlew;small green parrots inhabite the mangrove trees near the mouth;white-eyes and midgets were heard along both banks. November 28 . Mr.Beck and I went up the river in the dinghy;the Doctor and Hicks went ashore on the plantation.On the way up we got a large eagle hawk and one little blue kingfisher.I got ashore about a mile below the falls on the north bank and followed a ridge until noon when I found myself lost since I had crossed some intersecting ridges.I stop-— frequently to. call but only got a crow.By 2 o'clock I had found my way out to the river somehow where I shot a pair of young hornbills in"the hornbill tree".I had covered at least three square miles of country and felt very poorly compensated;all the small birds I found were along the river bank.Mr.Beck had poor luck;he shot at a small chocalate-colored ground dove previously taken on San Cristoval and on the Santa Cruz is- lands.He shot a green parrot,male of the small species;this bird had a yellow head and beak(female- gray head and black beak),and is similar to _the small parrot taken further south in the group.The weather has con- tinued clear of rain,excellent conditions for collecting but very few birds.We have had only one light rain in the evening for the last four days.Mr.Everett visited the France in the evening. November 29 Raised anchor and stood out for the Shortlands.Mr.Beck and I went ashore on a small igiet (Redman) at the entrance to Choiseul Bay. We waded over reefs to get to it and took two lesser yellow legs;other common shore birds were about- golden plover and sand-pipers in abundance. Sooty and noddy terns were also plentiful.The island itself was complete- ly surrounded by fringing reef that stretched out to sea in some places for # mile;the harbor is protected by a barrier reef 3 miles out through which passage can be gained in only one sate place.The island was very low and wet,covered with mangroves near the shore and a few coconuts.It | proved to be a haven for the gray pigeon;Mr.Beck shot enough for a meal (6)in a half hour.I collected three white-headed kingfishers and some yellow honeysuckers.Mr.Beck got three gray-headed fly-catchers,a species that has been taken previously on small islands similarly iocated.The Only other birds I observed were the gray-backed shriek and the white- tailed(nikabar) pigeon.Returned to the ship at 11 o'clock and the captain stood out SW by W for the Shortlands.Under sail all afternoon due to engine trouble.Laid to off Oema I.,and Oema Atoll for the night with a course set for Fauro I. November 30 Dropped anchor in passage between Fauro I.,and Tauno I.in North Bay at 11 A.M.The Doctor and I went ashore for the arternoon.We found a trail that took us about 300 feet up the mountain to a spot where : native had a canoe dug-out in the process of completion.The canoe here 0 om Mioipinng. Wat bt talks equipped with sails;most of them are dug-outs , te ntrast to the seamed canoes,sealed with teeta nut putty typical of aire southern islands even to Choiseul.We saw one such canoe equipped ph wher bende Fons at Nyanga on Vella Lavella.We struck just one pocket Stectnate wd < a large tree quite high up.We took a brown fantail, ’ © black-headed ana red-brea - sted fly-catchers. midget. , a ores a satburtorg admit baeb to dot Sie ae vie Ses bet enoguteen e'Ttetgey ond wee OH bh BY holiad gnot ows dode Asel. oN anintiseRi he olamet bobeed-yerg’ ¢, 268 aticotso Jodq “snes. euttpnn of sSeattesgd: “hain . Tilemncwetyuo cemoh a bus eredsligatd suid asetss REE CASO RAAF ot FROM 86ST? 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OntaT ine,.1 oavat noerved @ORBU8G oa yortone heqqox £ ef. nopnied te etd 10 etciae 2008 7, Som, ~otQod ON TMs if de yell cde sé@w doge 2 ct ntadhwom end a Sese nd fyads ‘ec XOOd tad fhens a ba sen somes efi. not tal ambe 16, ey ye agi. fil tueo-sub soneo & 5. bfx? sb 61g Betis T PROM. OLLI ea cy neg tupe vi frerpe rl ,%52 ote? pyrene dun aleed aNtw ‘Be Lace, ROHS LOLSOB, ect od dmetenod soe ftova eno Wea OW. ISGRSGRy SS eee abitelel rate eid Le 10 gaft Novade ef. ellevad aare \ oO .pteyn is 18 —tHO fe Ove . ¢ * ; a CE mi ITD oot aaa & ae obs ie en foeid add nded, bastdoe ds ndehet bra bobaen-x ee ae (46) ‘gtarlings and shrieks were found in a swamp near the shore.The black -honeysucker shows a darker plumage than the Ghoiseul species .The red- breasted fly-catcher shows a white patch in front of the eye which is brown in tinge in the female.The common green parrot, cockatoo, common rea" coconut" parrot, and hornbill are present.I heard no little paroquets. — Both red-knobbed and gray pigeon are plentiful;we heard them feeding with hornbills and parrots in a great many-rotted tree like a banyan, but much taller;the fruit is a small red berry the size of a small green gage-The ground under such a tree is covered with them,both the whole fruit and others that have been shucked.The blackhead resembles the Choi- seul species closely.We heard neither white-eyes nor thickheads Mr.and | Mrs.Beck visited Tauno I.,with considerable profit;as he was landing back on Fauro to pick us up he got a night-hawk, one bird out of three that he flushed.Mrs .Beck caught a fine sphinx moth. December 1 Fauro I.,is 11 miles long N & S and is very irregulay in shape; the northern half is not over a mile and a half in width and the south- ern half four at the greatest.It is the second largest one of the Short- land group.The maximum altitude is about 2000 feet in the southern half.. The land goes up to 1100 fairly steeply at the present anchorage .Fauro lies on the 7th parallel of latitude.The Doctor,Hicks, and I went ashore on Fauro to-day,Mr.Beck on Tauno again.I went to the top of the ridge to a point from which I could see Ghoiseul to the south and Ovau [., to the north.Near the top -I took three blackheads,one in the peculiar young brown plumage.-Also brown fantails,red-breasted and black-headed flycatchers,and black honeysucker;I shot one male graybird which show- ed brown patches on the base of the tail and under the wings,the finish of the moult.No thickheads or white-eyes to-day.The Doctor took a red- breasted dove and Mr.Beck a white-breasted hawk similar to one taken by G.R.,and I on Florida I.Several large lizards and three snakes were gleaned,the latter light brown.The common lizard is a dark brown;as usu@- al the brilliant blue striped lizard is common.One of the lizards was new- 2 brilliant grass green with gray mottled hind legs.I took several highly colored hard-shell spiders.Kingfishers are not plentiful here; we have heard the white-headed once and the bright blue is heard often up in the woods.The latter are usually found around the coconuts. December 2 Raised anchor as soon as the tide(which runs 3 knots here) changed to favor our passage to Sinasora Bay-Steamed nine miles passing Karike village,a Methodist station under native supervision.Reached Kalia plantation in Sinasora Bay at 10:30 where we met Mr.Pinneau who Manages a plantation for an estate.The altitude here goes up to nearly 2000 feet.Hicks,the Doctor and I went ashore for the afternoon .Mr.Beck down with a dose of fever.Hicks and I found an old trail up a ridge which we followed climbing to about 800 feet.Birds were very scarce ;1 eats only a honeysucker and a fly-catcher.The Doctor fared 4 little er. December 3 Mr.Beck better this morning and G.R.,also in shape to go ashore for the first time since his knee got infected.I climbed up as far as Hicks and I had cut yesterday without getting a bird;instead of keeping on to the top I foolishly turned back.As a result I rambled all afternoon covering very little territory and taking only three com- mon flycatchers.I collected a number of hard-shelled spiders and two other kinds and one frog. a oslo sit; eqns ens _ 5 ) ith ' i tonto anit; easanh @ TH en gmowe 2m (Ot evew » ~heer 6 8 pe lnsege Iie 2 eieornt ent fant ere sna rss at Hotiteiere: eit Te Iho1t Gt doveq e¢idw - ewors Seo-ul ‘hepacoed roeunO f 00sai: 209, JOTIAG N9Sty noemen SH. ofemed . al sabe ee pote if aponad-eitstt—on-tget 1. iaeheig Ss Eitan bew “tuneod wieites? merit basen ow; fat t tet Bs : pie 4b eft eae Taq dared wig Ifeme 2 *o extea J Urted Bet wie 2 al diust Pees e236 -“ ; P eaet rid eit Aint fate aait sie bevevoc—et Oy § Hane taba hee me | Mo SiF peldmesey beoiixios id odT. bexouge esd evasi sagt Sis. te Bhsecdo tis ) osug [vem Shthael Say ec eet df tou eldarehtanos Mt Iwo t osmis'T Sectaty #098. atk Oe) 20 tho Bild Sao Awari- igi me See ed ae a “OF OINET N65 aoed sitom xmtdge ini & Jddsuac Hoek, ack. bortgutt ed tady ere -rt ease Ley ef bins 23% a x ob o9.Lta5 tk sk, LA, | iguoe ew ae ie set cl | $ et Bevo hae ature ent of Roti xoaid bas bevaaerd-betyatteg Bait ec waahl® odd yvebru fae fist ons Sat anae aiid Ot 2 fo0s toI000 oT, vab- Of OF tolinie swat bedacerd-e2 esHans sewit 6 | te test eal 8 war aes. &ai 5 saw airssi! = to AI Batt fs es i, Pebaad-este Ap toas ined ec? Srmets brvat (i fevan 82 tosve 2 (sted “atom © gaurt Solidwjebit edd es nooe as todone fabhty B80 te amt. S8me0s8. rx eromant OF SoEEST Gis novel OF beg PeIoRAMe Holeiyieque eviten reba noltedsa setbodsel Bensley be? ow ueonolt. st Jam of svede5H1Of-te-yz a ; : [teen of qu vooy eted obstistig eat. esetec ma tot ~ I # : ose... MOONTSITS ons to OT setos tres 1 bas eedeed- Gsbit 2 Gu Ifets b5fo as bavo¥ 1 em exofh,tevel to eaob @. Adie fwob tyeetsse Yiev erew ebris.seet © : Sistit 2g NST Food Se a ae & bre xoLouay i } ee a ce tal = Se OF S§ate of cele. .H.0 big alay stetsed ES le .0 to seals F 7 a > “epee eget 2 otlvton tuontiw gabaee td ‘6, bt ‘ iat he eal Sar rone- Pare Ny it YIno guites bas yaOslared SLSR ras we 1 sad So r tga BS ece=-Dhrca tO oraee Ss —_ (47) 7 ecember 4 (Sunday) Mr.Pinneau entertained us ashore for the greater part of the lay-He served an excellent midday dinner in a fly-proof room- egg-plant oup and roast duck.We used his room for writing afterward.Our host can pin some swift yarns about the islands;like many.other planters he is s a blown-away mariner who was induced to come to the Solomons to help out a bogus uncle.He reports that he has had naturalists staying with him be- fore.One free-lancer caught a number alive to sell to zoos.Pinneau says at a number of small quail,which may have been young megapodes, since the reporter does not distinguish a nikobar pigeon from one of the com mon red-knobbed or gray.Mr.Beck suggeated to-day that we shall go to Bougainville after the next steamer. December 5 <. Raised anchor at 5:30 and stood out for Mono(Treasury)I.,45 miles SW by our course.Passed Shortland I.,and it shows very little high land.Spent the day developing film and writing letters for the com- ing Mataram.Dropped anchor at & P.M.in passage between Mono I.,and Stir- “ling I.Natives came out from a.salt-water village immediately in outrig- er canoes of all sizes;the largest was seven fathoms(4e feet)long and Capable of carrying fifty persons.It was hewn out of a single tree trunk and very simple in design and decoration.A fine-looking Fijian who is a Methodist missionary came aboard.The village which boasts a population of over 200 pays a head tax to the Mission of one pound yearly.The Rev. “Goldie of the Methodist Church in the Solomons handles most of their copra output.The natives looked clean in white singlets;they are very friendly and most of them speak good"pidgin".They imparted much inform- ation about the island although they.seemed-to know little about its bird life. . . December 6 7 Mono I., 1s 6-miles E X W and 4 miles N X &.The island is mound-shaped and has a maximum altitude of about 1200 feet at its cen- _ter.There are three small islets between Stirling I.,and the main island, none of any size.Two are planted with coconuts and one is the residence of a Chinese trader.The whole force went out this morning on trails ‘that started at the village and led in all directions.After some butting about I struck a good trail that took me up to the top of the central ridge about two miles inland.The only birds I saw or heard were the megapode,red-knobbed and gray pigeon,and the small flycatcher;cockatoos, -Minas,red and green parrots,and starlings were also present .Returning from the top where one could look down 150 feet into an old crater,the forest was as silent as a morgue except for a couple of white-breasted flycatchers which I shot and could not find.After lunch I got into one .of the many streams that apparently flow from the central area around the crater;here I was encouraged by the sight of a brown heron,a white- _Sared kingfisher,and the acquisition of a mina.I also saw a large eagle- hawk,too high to try for.The usual Solomon Is.,avifauna of the smaller species are certainly absent.The rest of the collectors reported the Same lack of fantails,thickheads, red flycatchers,blackheads;the white- eared seems to be the only kingfisher that is common.Mr.Beck took seven at the mouth of one of the larger streams and Hicks one.The island is abundantly stocked with insects and both small and large lizards ;snakes, flying-foxes,and possums are reported abundant by the natives.The Doctor tee oh that the presence of such a host of large black lizards(from 6' ere eae o the absence of small birds that nest in low trees. Bn a cia Ta eaics sland is younger in origin that the surrounding ones. are numerous show bottoms composed of hard,grey clay and great loose boulders of volcanic rock.I saw four that had this kind AY#) edt To Jveq “ejetes eft sot @roean av Bends aie i4g~ ae -“ge02 Oodq~ en A nt teonth ghibin #e azo JHO¢ «vO. haewerts gritixy co? moon eta Bes ef od bud tne fq TH fOe TNAR edt f,aboelas ens g ‘duo ghed"h? Bacmoloe ‘ent os ome ot Aenubat fay ¢ fod mice Adie sofyate SSal lesan bad ane |e JENS Bi BYss weennteveoos of [len of evils vedaum # Yifs ane crak ot cai amnoy cased evet-yen coin, fheup™ “moo Sit ‘To en® wort fesaiq tadoxts ¢ dete, utb 4 os Gp itera ow Snes eh od bet soaaie NSS. ah. ye Finer odd . Manne ss doco 3 rf este ot: "Ch, «1 (ot: ee bedi S00 © hoota Sab Gtia ts ae afiagl yrey crates = ee ese LTC oh Pevagt.cetes we val Sil Sp iS pe ia ks bhp LVEF tae o: gat Go Lees eb. oe bad ipegs: iv velewdice 6 am tes cagaet “heres eee Joesis! | & > viv fewer new ii éneaweg ww by a A.nelsasoeb baa ee tele ta dl a [viv ent fesote™ eno Reb eres exits vd Kas im Rog 1 0 aaah wert ‘nbobd q “Boog , rem a rae ft tues. spare t woot ot eho a war dqpady Sa) ais ats s _ ef dhetes at. Bix Vi. no Lhe drs, KX Ga Llie So Shales # _ hen all te teet COSE tuo Io elasl tle mmixem eB as of alee edd tne,.l atiinrt& aeewted ptelel Llama semis ; teen ody al ‘ero Boa etiiroson sty besnele OES "opreste Ta Biiat? go gotiem Blils too tren sotot efomy eat. tebait eects ai 3 SM stud ence qosTs. cool oorly (La ak bol Las egsiity ois te betray _ _ terties’ otis 20 qos ‘arid os qu em soot deds Ibert boog 2 donde L a edt efew Sused +o was T ayia Yino ont fmetat aelfm owl suoda ex 1 AooJa¥nooiredatzoylt flee ods bra cos ghy Ye1g bas Leddorul- OG 8 wine. “Teter oe! s SSW were sere “SHE. efuwmdq nests One her. "oe Ci oft tetats So os otnt cost C8L mdb s00l biveo ona sIetinmes oct oa Be om + mo en cae betuseta-ortay To etopds sg ct ¢ceore @h WOR z ge fneLia ene ont. Pen i emo oJat * | dost tooth. bel? ton bineo bme soda] doiaw & Lacom 2658 (eitceo add sortmelt-yitneseaggs. dant, saeeade. | x -siiiw £,M0%80 Mworc £ Ca tdate enc. yt heogetwoont Bev T. ereci ted. ) -oisas eptel & Fae oBls atta @ 30 noltiefupos edt bie, genial ght etiems oft Io satetiva, vel momo Los Tava: enT.xot Yrt O8 dagts oo wit Loesroqe't meotoeLioe ait te taet eft. toeeds yinladtec ete eel -aftdx one: abecddosfd, seaedodkoyly bev, wbeenaoray itsanet To out” 4 neved A0of Moed.te. dommes ef Fens Aer i% gute visto ‘ott ed o¢ secs be st bneartesf ert.cno exfotk brevergoive re gete eit to eno to Aeeor oie 3 sbextene.ebrseit evel bes [lewd BGG btu agocenmt Gétvw hevodte Elinem tov O° “T.aeviden ect yo theioyvdm Beiteget ge Geax: Die sexel-patl wore’ s4sif gos! . a5 ~ead g cote to, son@eety eng jad? ptue 2 et § hy 3 re 9% feta osrenda eld tq mimes ofi> ar | AS pEE re . Iuteo at YeRnue ad nip odd teds evel les [oO ¥s Sty wodgod woda sveoverug ene Fon sieeirs ps oe re esoot Fseera 2 a TT Ee ee kg (4%) ll of formation.All the bird life I saw was around these drainage areas- very little on top of the ridges although they are heavily wooded .Most of the trees high up are very old and tall,however;the"scrub"is down in the vallies where the water flows.One common ground dove was taken;the Doctor saw three.The village is the most interesting thing about the ig- land.It 1s the only one and extends all’ the way across a peninsular at southern end.The most extensive coconut grove is around the village it- _self,although there are coconuts and gardens planted all over the island. The natives evidently visit them periodically on short trips;one finds Many sheds for copra and pol manufacture along the numerous trails as well as rest houses for sleep.The leaf houses of the village extend. in orderly rows across the island forming several streets;each house has ‘ its food supply of yams,coconuts,and taro stored under the raised floor and a canoe resting close by.Each man heading a family has at least two meris and plenty of pickininnies.The village streets all conjoin at a point on the south shore around several communal houses;one is the Mis- sion station and the others are for the separate use of men, women, and children.The chief has a large domicile at this location and is the first to greet anyone coming ashore.Neither the meris or the children show any fear of the white man.I was impressed by the clean and healthy look of the little children;they were eager to accompany us into the bush.There . were very few cases of yaws or skin disease of any kind and all seemed casually occupied with the duties of maintenance- the men cutting copra or working on houses or canoes,the meris carrying water or making poi for pudding,the children on their own taking it all in.Even their betel- nut trees are planted in little groves in the woods in back of the vilkge and each shows the mark of its owner carved on the green bark.This reveals how well such a community fared in isolatio before the white man came;and in a rather unhealthy part of the group.This is their dry season and a number of men have died from the heat.Evidence of the dignity still ac- corded to the chief was shown by a dance held this evening to appease the testy god of the salt-water that recently upset the master's canoe and caused him to lose all his tobacco and hig pipe.A number of women and children gaily decked with flowers and bright lavalavas were gathered around one female who beat tim by jumping and pounding the ground with a heavy piece of wood.There were a number of old men present and some few young taking part;the dance was nothing more than a monotonous sway- in of bodies to the slow rhythm of the beater;those in the rank closest to the drum held a kind of baton made of fibre matting rolled up.All re- vealed a considerable spirit of merriment.And there was community Singing. Besides the few birds collected we Managed to get six different kinds of lizards,five frogs,one a tree-frog,and a small variety of insects.There were fifty natives on board when we arrived,all laden with trade stuff- ,Pawpaws,and a sort of sweet potato. They soon exhausted the ship's Supply of calico,which was what they want- ed most.I bought a pair of pearl fishooks,some water bottles made out of clay and of coconut shell,and three adzes.We even secured five fowls and we ,and a white-eared kKingfisher.The latter were numer- y-The majority of those that I have seen the mouths of rivers or streams.Missed & perfect shot at a ground dove and met both G.R. ,and Hicks,neither of 4 > eee —_— Y—=- —s OC = fate er 2 v _ a ~5ae ‘A 8 sole 7h 9860) Eats © stay ear tw deo’. shoow yitveos Orta oes I mwol af dusee “eds, tavern eis; aones Bee evob brvety nehmoo or WOE. ‘I “Ses dvsda Tay Sar Teersin: at ve teluacloey = etoToRr Yew eka | Iie ebmesxe ‘et Gpelliv & ete( tee 4 ' weiat ody reve ioe pesnalg ‘anehise, bn egunence ea 18 tJ ar afters “auroreaer ede “pols gaat Fo = ohm ‘aad oasod dose: eseinde lstseves errr braiel pool beste: edt sein besote onad 5 SIU MO 909 , & we sg00% fe esc Yflast 8 gatbeor sam fosd. yd Sac. asitiaastauatannionte ateetss eaeiliv a a geen ey ane lammeuon Léiaves Laevaiae se a8 eee HMrchn ot Shea fa eto bane =:4 . e) Fs #: wy Bak Oey ape P ) 3 Taitdier de, sr Taed hae Gs rot pet ne fax we anid ores ay j ysagnone oF 108 € ee dtodd “powa. m ‘Tia iz "gelled nwo betta + a apyb et ras B cis ® SY OES ~, yi pti 6] P bs overt abet. asad avert ont ae bevtso ierwo agi 4 . Ioce bi sjed oliaioet at bers? qokaummes 2 oud few w ot etd quota eis To diag pln BETS a © sotebiva. jasd edd gout beth » wen ‘to toca Ra ‘eaneqas og “aattnave eicdd bled eoneh @ YO £WenS Se tog , bebe ® e'seteam edd tosqu yYlineces gesd qecat-a.0be “edt +o Bop fos nemow to todaun K.eqr¢ & . A’ PE eat erew esvatevel ddpitd and axewolt dgiv wy Bewot emoa wien snoserd rom bio tO tecaua a STON ‘pred peor te eoelq % pore be od). "od ‘eel —Ytheor PoLret wer pone ereet o bats a. bie wh srehisyon {oO Jinlge eldsiebieno> 2] er ignite Yiimwamoc sew StSt. to nbet—t: eset b— a somes hopecum 98 bod ealfon absatd wet eng ote exren?.atoecn! 16 wweitev diame & 56 ,yetl-ee ts & M0 VT e! aviTi i Led “ute aban ater nebe f ile, beyiers oy nec. rab 0 eevee v 27 ot ,odaltoq feore To ovoe® & Pas BWSCw2y , 881g gse Sts ques a to beta aie bot suendxe “O08 “198 2 bas epaiee mb “stots pexoek qltes y ob LL mee. C5 Phe Be eerie ‘Yawk —— wees erie ot eaedstsesaed e's "26 jpe% sori? Jariw av dotste ood tao to Yc to vvo 9 bem melddou tolaw anus saree bre Biwory evil Pewoee meve at. gexne eorit bna,tleda supose? T° fous yet .Sondn EVOTSTSOT] Sous coomebiye- SERELONG- © Bi 3 a aenw bretl«t & bevetg memeniad * aig bedtdmeest« ig.oi—ecet Joins ack sigin esoden FTA aw af = ~ afd aot souse © ms, retest ro tiiit Set deee Jos « S Ed lo a toatlos brie maetta & ednf fog noose [Toe { ots) oh, d felt iy betes etlaw & BRB, ~eriose yenod wollet; - “et bts _ Ts youre yrev tud Atuda eds "Todt oh < to acd Gots meee evan abastlel yooro | <9 gated sem Bae SF ob bounty & 3a toda sqetteg ‘4 Ww cockatoos and we shot five;as each one was shot,the others would circle around screaming angrily and soon return to offer a perfect target.I shot three starlings and one large blue butterfly with a yellow body. I collected several lizards- one brown,another green with grey hind legs, and another light brown with silver stripes.I took a couple of lorngi- corn beetles ;the Doctor has collected a number as well as other insects. Mr.Beck visited Stirling I.,this afternoon.When we got aboard the natives again had the ship,this time with all manner of live specimens of frog, -gnake,possum.The snake,a white one with brown markings struck the Doctor when he was unpacking it;fortunately it proved non-venomous.There were eight possums,all alive and with the number of flying-foxes taken from the coconuts behind the village will make a nice series of mammals taken from Mono.This material has somewhat balanced the lack of birds.At 8 PM we hove up anchor and stood out NW for the Shortlands. December 8 The mammal dept.,was busy until 3 o'’clock.After lunch Mr.Beck and G.R.,went ashore on a small island,the easternmost of the Shortland group on the chart;it is unnamed and lies about 11 miles south of Bou- gainville on approximately the 7th parallel of longitude.It is # mile long and not over 200 yards wide,sandy,covered with mangroves,low bush, coconuts,and a few high trees;a large blue lagoon lies on one side sur- rounded by a barrier reef.About 20 birds were collected- the ashy-headed flycatcher,thickheads,small eagle-hawk,white-headed kingfisher,and blue- headed paroquet.Mr.Beck shot two lesser noddies while returning to the ship.The reef harbors a number of terns of various species,the noddy be- ing the most common.I did very little after the possum session on account of some new infections that have developed on my feet from innocent-look- ing mosquito bites. December 9 brown eye instead of the usual ope? elebeptd differ this way on the same Stood out early for another small island to the westward,the next in line toward Shortland I.,itself;anchor was dropped inside the reef at 9 A.M. and Mr.Beck and G.R.,again went ashore.My feet are still not so good;I stayed aboard and took the hide off the eagle-hawk and a kingfisher.A brief shower early this morning is the first rain we have seen in ten days.Birds were plentiful- ashy-headed flycatcher, thickhead, common white-breasted flycatcher, fantails in abundance, cockatoos,green and red parrots,blue-headed paroquets,reef herons of the blue order- these were the birds collected;sea birds- terns of at least three or four species are always passing and the big plover is frequently heard. Momulufu is the name of the island which is a mile and a half long and @ mile wide;a small grove of coconuts is at one end.The island itself is mostly coral.There is a difference of four feet in the tide now that the moon has justed waxed to its fullest.One can walk from Momulufu to two other little islets at low tide. December 10 G-R.,and I went over to Momulufu and Mr.Beck to Aikiki I. Small birds,the fantail in particular,can be summoned by calling al- most anywhere ;flycatchers and thickheads are encountered in small flocks. I heard the long-tailéd«dove call and saw a female graybird.I missed two ~ cinch shots on ground doves and g0t a cockatoo;this specimen showed a a island.The black-crowned( yellow bib sent;Il was unable to shoot one.Starl ral.All these small islands recently They are found around the s paroquet of the larger size is pre- ings are abundant;I collected seve- visited have an abundance & cekos hore under the bark of dead logs;here they = 4 ho had seen any thing puiimendiadee atexs and I ran into a flock of ee... rn enennenetenneninnnmed ae emma eaiitiemene tr on Ss ow es eee — —_ pan pee FIM, wen : wtanxol to sfquoo # Hood I.aegiada evita déiw nwog “Aioeant teddo as [lew ae tedmun 8 hedoeffloo aad 10 : eel joviden edd brsods Jog ew modW.noontestis efdt,«1 aty xe .gort to anomiosqa evil to 1tennem Lis ddtw entd atdd,qide edd bed | noJood edd Xourde egnitstem mword détw ono etidw s,exsna odT.myaacg,s erew etodT. avomonev-nom bevorg tt viodsnudsotidg! gntvosqny eew ed node mort moxed aexgt-salyit to xedmun edd déiw bas evils ifs,amyseoq date feded aelsimsm ighee! ze s soins exam Iftw essliiv edt prided ave SOOUD ett MG 8 t4,abatd To Aosl edd beonsisd jedwemoa aed Lstvedem atdT.onoM 4 = —___ — seprsidrede edd sot #4 duo boos bis srosons— y 3 iene i it food. tll donul tedtA.Aoolo'o © Itsou yaud asw,.dgeb . Baatsiroda edd to teomntesase edd, boslet {fama s m0 9 “eyo to dtvoa aeltm Lf duods aetl bne b: el ste eftm & at sI.ebusigaol to Telisteg dd -eflavd wol, aevotgnem aditw berevoo, ybnse btw abrs - -gye ebla eno mo asll noogsl eufd episl siaceord a bebseri-ydes ot ~bedoolloo onew abuid OS duodA. tex -eyld bas, ,redaltanta bebsod-edidw,dawed-olgse Ilsm edd od gainiwidet elidnw aetbbon teasel owd Rj -ed ybbon edd aotoege avotisv to antes to t dnvooos Me noiaaea mugeog edd rsdts elssif yrov bib I. = 400 [- gfleoonnt-movt-soo? yao -beqeLeveb evant aris “ano” > edd Siswiasw edgy 3 poeleat Llema sedtons 10% yirse guo boote = edt sbiani beg bp sew sodonsitfeadt,.1 basltiod’ biswos on [ftte ore dootyM.orodas dnow misgs,.1.) bas Hoel. 1M bas .M.A @ ds teot s bne Awsd-elzse odd tito obid edd Mood bas hoo, os son ~—s evs ow aisy saxi't odd ai yntatom atdt yLlise 1% tanit | bsoddolds redotsoylt bebsod-yieas ~fyIts jOoE meets, a0cossdooo ,conshruds ot altssnst, -yep10 euld eit to anoted Teer, afeuporsg xo coins tasol te To spared -abiid sea; betoelloo abitd ons ete .brzed Ylsneupert al yevolq gtd edd bas anieasq aysewis ers nelosqe boe gnol tisd s bas elim 5 at dotdw buefat edd to omen odd at vtuly, tfeeti buslai oll. bme eno Js at adumooo0n to Ssvortgy {{Leme 8 rebiw ef geadt wom ebts ond nt test wot tT o sonetetith s at ere. fartoo yldeom e “o¢ vtulumoM mort ALaw meo enO.daeliut adi ot boxsw bedeut ae moom 9 t ,ebid wol ts adolal elst tf sredso owd _ OL yedweoed M o¢ tevo cdoew I bre. AD a= siyottirsq of fistast edd abitd Iisa eexoolt [lema ol bere me atedo¢eoylti otedwyns saom ows poaatm Iebridyse1g elsmet 8 WSs boe Ifso evo vod basen 1 gs bewode nemfooge nkdd;ootedtooo & JOgZ bos eevob bavotsy mo atoda donto i xotith yent.egneto Isvev edgy Yo beetant sys Awe porsg (did wolloey )benworo-Aosld edT.baslat cant ireté.ono soors o¢ efdeny asw Iisne poslel {Lema eaodd 41 -Ie gotifso yd benommva ed meso, Srmoons ets absedvdotdd b emsa eis mo Yew afcis -evea hetoeslioo Tidnsinuds ets aoxey§—8 conshauds *o xwaad odd yebnu © 1 ldiata ost Aoeksnl base uty Lumo yous otert:anol beef | a ois _ & 7 — 0) are especially numerous and are Ss hae running in the open over the coral.We have taken a number.We returned for lunch,all having contract- ed an infernal itch which I think must come from some plant.Both G.R., and I wore shorts and golf stockings and found our ankles and calves af- *ected.After lunch we skinned birds until 3 o'clock when Mr.Beck and I rent. over to Aikiki(Mrs.Beck and three of the boys were along)to shoot pigeons for kaikai.Mr.Beck took three land kingfishers of the common spe- cies here this morning and one blackhead.The island is about $ mile long nad from 100 to 500 yards wide;one end 1s wooded with nothing but iron- ood trees,the rest is thick bush.There were at least 1000 gray pigeons feeding in the tall trees on their favorite red berry-like fruit ;many rere clustered in small trees so that we could take plenty.The noise of their cooing as they were eating was like the roar of the sea.Apparently they come to this island from distant ones daily to feed.I saw no small pirds,but one common ground dove;Mr.Beck took another kingfisher and a gray-backed shriek.The abundance and variety of birds on these small is- lands visited in the last few days lead me to think that Mono I[., must be of later origin to have escaped population by such common small birds as he red flycatcher, thickhead,blackhead,and fantails;its distance,45 miles from_the main Shortland group made the isolation complete. ecember 11 (Sunday) Raised anchor at 6:30 and stood out for Faisi,the steamer, mail, old beer,a spell,and much anticipated companionship.We arrived about i '+M.,and learned that the Mataram is expected about 4 o'clock from Ghot- eul Bay.Sure enough at 3:30 we sighted her.All including Mrs.Beck have he itch but "no matter" dictates the Delphos of the Solomons, especially ith the steamer in the-offing. 5 as. 9am. dha a See 6° 3 ov Tega it -al gives viene ff F ts Oke avery aun 'Y A ~to.cJooo giivet LidgicanlL noteberrnites oy otha by. wine 6 . catte @ Odie Spee Saf BOLE “Gras Oo Sal ¥ mo. ~ia vevieo, hye eeline stop hiue'' bueteg nyepae fe ‘Dp sth motets fae WES SE GAE “Lee Re aid Tenia _ - £20tg,.0¢| snole etSy, ayod.ed?. to Radia bo X90, wil) ee OM et Te To aM Ti SOM KS CH, ie. Te pei elth @ tyods ai: baalat ery. he wiitow he eho" nt bakes “Tr —% . ead te petettoer thhin perer-t | Be oBi a. CATS. OCCL, vane.l hs TOR. ogous deus otc sy {© ston ai. Stn Le pe Tos ev deste ont suet» Miscetecss- see oid. 20. eos ort eg hiadiee eit se eee Testis on wae 1.£983.02.) ufilaty sono’) TmIelh onde ll =. MEE tee STP EL woos esd. “Uiclok, b ; 1c (51) 1 December 12 (Sunday) | Steamed to Faisi as soon as we could get the anchor wup,ar- riving after lunch and learned that the Mataram is expected at 4 P.M. We anchored in the middle of a little bay opposite Faisi I.,and so were the first craft to sight the steamer.The mail came aboard after supper. G.»R.,and I read ours in the smoke-room of the Mataram over cold beer. In addition to word from home in such a location we could pick up the latest dope on the Malaita"war",Norman Wheatley,deceased acquaintances of Tulagi who were thriving only two months ago when we were residents, and any Solomon scandal.The ship's officers reported a very poor passen- ger list.We were introduced to and consequently bought whiskey for"Jock' Cromar,the oldest living graduate of the brass knuckle days.He has-had - 45 years in the Solomons;in 1883 he was put ashore on the beach of Malat ta with a few presents to induce the natives listen to one of the first encomiums about recruiting for the Queensland plantations;he is a dead pistol shot;knows the history of everything down here- undoubtedly be- cause there is no living person to verify his version.Anyway- we took it in. December 12 - No business.Steamer day proper with letters to get off,beer, and dinner on the steamer for a change. December 13 The France is at anchor in a small bay opposite Faisi I., The entire waterway around the island is sheltered by a great reef bar- . rier a couple of miles to seaward.Shortland I.,lies approximately 10 . miles W of the intersection of Long.156 W.and Lat.7 S.The island is a low body of land,poorly drained with very irregular coastline, measur- ing 15 miles E X W and 9 miles N X S.6/76 feet is the highest altitude | recorded on the chart;from our position we can see no high land:that is, more than about 200 feet.Five rivers are reported on the chart and two of them only of navigable repute for any distance.The western part of Shortland I.,is well planted;some of the coconut tracts are of 20 years standing.Fauro I.,can be seen off to the NE and the neighboring islets of Poparang,and Alu to the east.A larger island-Morgusaia is separated from Shortland by a narrow but navigable channel.There are numerous small islands lie between the Shortland group and Bougainville;Ballale is the largest;all of these are included in the mandated territory un- der the administration of Australia.G.R.,and I went into the field via | Lofa Plantation which 1s owned(in shares of stock)by B P & Go.The pre- | sent manager is Percival Bedford who helped us by showing us a trail into the bush.In extent of planted acreage this is one of the largest . in this part of the group;the march to the bush itself is quite convinc- ing.-We went into a low flat full of small trees and cane-like reeds. There were numerous trails which led to clearings where wood had been cut;the ground was a base of old coral mixed with red clay.Beyond this . lay a steep ridge of heavily wooded coral which I tried with futile re- sult.I returned and wandered about the cane flat.I flushed four ground doves and shot one on the wing which got away.White-eyes were plentiful and proved to be of a new variety in plumage- dark bill and very white shot a red-breasted flycatcher which appears to be similar to reel’ oe Hd aig on Fauro I.Blackheads and fantails,both the brown and the aa asics Har aaa I could not call them up.I shot a female graybird See Aint) “crak 7 he satay lunch I went further into the bush, finding a sitet cn Ge 4 rough a narrow canyon in the ridge into a much lar- at country beyond,densely wooded,many of the trees of Great height and age.The birds were all i , phrase)- the call of ¢ n these forest monarchs( hack h . € mina drowned out about everything else;doves a, eo, “ ake : 2 4 : | -"0,c s0dons edt deg biiag OW Bs mOCe os faree ot ase ver @ 4.2 4 ts besosgno’ et matedet eno Fodsd Deas - prow us bas,-1l lofst @oteotao vad #iegsil » to po ou ade pg | yreqgqus “Sita bibode sman /Lhén eri De emake oF a! pad te: ~Yoed Hfoo weve gaagiaM ens to mOOq-ehOGe sans ent qu dote binge; er oe léeoo ls shore ne f emos mont OW: asspetaterpos. feaaedcol ,ysisaed® aoamyoll, "tee siete % GdnShlact spew aH Ae tWeose -acitMICm CFF Lone ast sie" W9eGad TOOG Yisv & hbesseqer arosliie e'ging emily. PbNSS fsob’soT Yowataw teased yLinevponmon bia od Peru baT eae bat ned oH. eyeb sfapany apesd odd WQVey, dirt fs ila Yo Joasd sd} ae erodes sq aawiod £8El af fart add 40 S80 oF nevtetl ae ioenm. edt -eoy oe Beeb « al, in Pont beg ge gneeup edd aot > dduc us . or al ieee s 4o ¥ ) Paes ot Besos (Send, pate des is eeksyet ate eqorg wah ~rosizes@, genbad> | + Saceee s ie enianesind eit 0 ronath bne| oat Lets sosscaye ad fiance ae fh aeuintie taal eonsst ode ree saetg & by LRPTSTAN yee weit | bp “eign to meh oF sefim to Slque ¥lasog bast Yo yb bas WX anity -— £t orit ge za] Fata sa Selah aceon aa fe? i ae os pds, fea Kw Sno tbot ‘fav f ore g at ‘enema drse™ pt malt ie 3¢ nai ai ald? eanssoe botaalg 2o Jgetne Jieheee,: ent Otnl | salvinos stlus. et tleséi giavd ede of Ao tam edd .quord edé to tuag sid? ai. sebees exil-oneo bne aestt Ifeme to Lint talt wol « otnt Jaor OF. acts posed hed becw evedy agnftesto of bol Moinw Bilistt spotsapa e1ew Bind imoyed.yclo ber dotw hexta ae Eto to saad » esw bovety eddy ave oT efitit.dsawW bel+? I AXpi¢e fetoh Get yliveed te epbis qoete & One brvets, wot Bedavit I.telt ene ec? Z ds betebnew bus heanusger I. + Le: Iwitsaels orev ie elld®. vars tom riety te odd no one doda Das gevebe acidw uxev bee iI[td dseh ~enanulg of [seitevy wea @ to ed of beverg Das | os isilmio 20 OC BTeSqCs doinw vonoteotl? bedagetd- bet sodg 1. tqaotd bak mrosd. efi¢ dlod, a ‘lesa? bras absetvos l,l orved ce Savot end yw mode ifeo tom bies.7 dud , bused arsy opid acaul tegtas él bart yor biveo baw : Li 3 ticdtsyre sismet B vo soitarhsfeyd. 3G? ooat 12 stig ¢oew f hop 2 oft ogbit eft nt. DOT SRS WEES a aquouds bel Jedd [lets ene ia 4-%o THe beboow (leruet baoyed "Paggee sult To dotserides Teg Jeeto?r eaend i ‘es oxev shuld ef@.e9a bas tigied Jeexs » ante edd Jo ciao ene -leeatia as toe te heweer } (52) P sh could be heard and I distinguished the green red-crested,the black-bib, © and the yellow-bib,although the low,almost single note of the latter may be confused with the call of the more common black-bib.Hornbills and crows are present but were not heard in any abundance.I only heard one crow far away.Small birds,I could not find within range;the small white- breasted flycatcher,the red-breasted,blackheads and fantails,white-eyes and midgets- they were all high and seemed to be feeding with much acti- vity Everything we have found before on the larger islands appears to be present except the black honeysucker and the pigmy parrot.Two of the ground doves that I saw looked small,swift in flight like quail- with fast wing-beat;and being in low ground of basic coral formation may be similar to the small,chocolate-colored ground dove taken on San Cristo- - val and Santa Anna.eMr.Beck shot at one of this species in the rough co- ral up the river at Choiseul Bay.Blackbirds and starlings frequent the iron-wood trees with graybirds;these three species and the pigmy parrot are more communal than any of the other birds.As exp€cted cockatoos, reen parrots(female- red),red coconut parrots,and the"kooru" pigeons Oeadr snowed and gray)are quite common.When we were walking through the coconuts along the shore we noticed a large flock of frigate birds evi- dently feeding;we remarked it was the first time we had ever seen them so low.Mr.Beck was quick in smelling them out and had put up over a do- zen by the time we returned to the ship.They proved to be lesser frigata. The thickhead of Shortland I.,compares to those taken on the small islets Momulufu and Aikiki near the main island;some few of these as has been the case before showed marked whiteness or blackness of plumage,especial- ly around the neck.Probably albinism and melanism resulting from inbreed- ing,such a dominant characteristic prevailing. December 14 ' The Doctor,GeRe,and I tramped out to the same flat behind the plantation.At the first clearing I ¢ame upon a host of birds- minas, 4 starlings,blackbirds,and graybirds- most of them in two large iron-wood © trees that towered above the surrounding bush, presenting the birds: in excellent sillouette against the sky.I managed to get two black and two gray birds;the only black-bib dove I have found in range I blew to bits. The small birds in the forest beyond were all in the branches of high trees;it was all I could do with No.10 shells to bring down a male and female flycatcher(white-breasted).This thickly wooded country is a chal- lenge to one's sense of direction and can make the compass seem crooked. And there is no water anywhere.eAfter some fruitless wandering I return- to the cane lot and shot several white-eyes,a brown fantail,and a red- breasted flycatcher.Again I saw two ground doves without offering at \4 them.I heard the common land kingfisher to-day;the white-headed"ku-ku" i has not put in appearance or call as yet.Coming out we took a few wag- tails and a pair of coconut parrots just for bad luck. . Nc “J dftd=doaid ods, bed BS'LO~ DOE MOOTE end CMipivanttelb> lobes Basen ed binges | 2m retzal edd to edo elsnia saowle wOL Ons spent le, did-wotley edt Bas = hae eft cogel did-=3 foaid nemme’s eros ede Ye Lian aaa dtiw beevinco sd & ene oneal yfLao ivGonabrwds Yos mi Eueel som erew vard inesem ©TS aworto ~ etic [fama @ecdt.osnst ehiis lw Batt dos bicep i, same tet . ao set fiw attacnet tas ete ijoa dou ast saltiest od. O09 homoee Ba ciate Sha omen rags “esegbia tat i Od -gigegee——tae eit Ip o#Ts serrted wat] ond bes vetosre cad este ‘sqnoxe ay ~iie age terroo ptaad to Ehuors wed P anted bnaidesd-g ee! ip ‘edt “ry warsens “ats ‘“ . “ga Fen ae = eas doelpent salt J3 bia abslgi BL. ae stoi® $0 reve edd baer aeloogs . ahuabite eds ead 30 : has? Lansmao9 708 | me Ne pae _azened anddcon metcalen bas Brrr ne ZL ; + ae older: tded telt emas ert of Ivo t-abatd lo dson 210d 29 "Balons a eds mt gar ah | haotgd Bas et -fatio @ 2 an yatmo5 “behoow Eolotds east ty es setae at " = » Bexos ores -hetea& ret Rh ; ert: S120. hz Slovenes SEVOL, SW eH PS Dirck ae in Pabert-stidy ant, Yeb-os ‘yea ie bral 28 . +36" Wot fad aw JNO. aaimod. sey ES» baw “RO TSSq¢ otoulL bad tot gan asor ied “dunoo02. ‘to > keg & ef a yity ‘= (5) Hicks joined the field party again and we all penetrated the same territory back of the plantation.I think that these white-eyes are just in a new plumage,very thick,because they are so hard to bring down with the aux even at point-blank range.The midget scems to be the same- tough as nails.Both sing out in plain view and after gleaning three or four with a dozen shots I became fed up and began to hunt for new stamp- ing ground.I went northward to the end of the coconuts and got into a grassy draw that ran between two ridges.There were a number of cattle paths;one of these tracks through the tall swale,matted ferns and weeds took me well into the bush where [I found myself walking on an old trail. Probably left by the natives who are very nearly defunct on this island. The D.O.informs us that there are not more than a dozen pure-blooded peo- ple left.Many years ago they were completely ravaged by the vigorous Mono men who slew many and carried the rest off in bondage.Rumors of a still large and thrivingly heathen village have been wafted from the center of Shortland,probably untrue.Although one old man who ran away from Lofung plantation years ago has been reported at various times to be leading a comfortable life somewhere in the interior.There is also a ru- mor of a lake.Both have not yet revealed themselves to the patrols of O.H.M.S.Miller.More of this later.Following the old cuttings for a mile I shot a blackhead and a red-bellied flycatcher.This is the best collect- ing ground I have struck.Minas and red-breasted doves and the omnivorous "kooru" pigeons,the red-knobbed and the gray were feeding in the tops of the tall timber,dropping the shucks of their delectable repast everywhere. I flushed a common ground dove getting a good look at it and nothing else. In the after noon I shot another blackhead and a hawk,apparently one of the blue-backed variety,but could not find it.Many birds slip away from us in this mysterious manner;they are knocked down and then manage to crawl or flutter off to die.In repeated doses these misses try the spirit. and can only be purged by a selected and vociferous exhalation of profani- ty.Strange to relate I came upon the same hawk in about the same vicinity later and added it to the collection.Compensation came also in the ap- proach of one lone crow which came almost immediately to my crafty calling He was shot and proved to be much larger than the species taken to date on the larger islands to the southward.Differing from the Choiseul type, the beak is entirely black and the iris a peculiar whitish color.I tried to stalk a hornbill several times without avail;he,too,may be different.I think that the birds here are closer to the Fauro species than any other. It seems doubtful that Bougainville can be represented although Shortland is part of the same volcanic arc.Certainly it is older- that is,above the surface of the sea longer;for there are two active volcanoes on Bougain- ville while Shortland is unusually low,poorly drained and shows evidence inland of age-old coral deposition.The only good water gushes up in cool Springs.We all spent a cool evening at the D.O.'s with beer and conversa- tion.He(Mr.Miller)is a well-educated product of Warwickshire and has put in quite a term in the Gilbert Is.He told us that the original Shortland natives,known as Alu people,were wiped out by the braves from Mono and to his knowledge only one survivor is still living.Long before that the first settlers on the island were migrants from Mono.The cross-bred remains of this population now live on the salt water in scattered villages, fearing to venture any distance inland because of the story of s"lost village" and its savage inhabitants that is still Supposed to be in existence some- where in the interior.He said that the run-away labor boy is reported to _ surviving on his own in the back country as he has been for over four years.He verified our observations concerning the drainage and mentioned several fine springs,some very large.He has patroled through the island December 15 \aC) -ienak tix ¢ bie ee at iseaeqg 14 how aliases -iseq felt. est Bemict maplh peck anind o¢ Laer on Ose yond senscetieiag OV Fen -anss eddy od ef ansee Jegbse 06 , oaeaet ae ego Digger apewesgiv ei yd begeves giedefqmeo o1eR yods ons Medd Ree & To axomui.egebnod al Sic Jae x edd Seliwec.bae yy w etary iq; S03 BCX? Letiew, need. eved egslliy pedéaed. vigds bos egsel Lite dod eenit auclttay te Setaoqge: need sad oge ataey whe. eo “uz a cale si exedT.1cissial ecg of everieeaoe etit to gleadaq ed? oft sevicamess beisevet {ey son Sv om éiim e 70% auntiive Blo edd gatwellot. retel aids to et0k. Sosifon gaed end at cidT.sedoseoy{t beliied-ber a bas baeddoaid & s I guoxcvinac ont fre aevob besescid-bet bas eanls.soutis Svad I 13 Bi So aqod eds of gathect eter ysis oad One beddons-ber edi, tq > wiedwyseve tsage: eldatosleh iledd to sdoute eds getqqoah,t9dels fat. odd pate ucidion baa ¢! ts docl boos & gots eveb bouoty nommoo & £2>1 sedsens Jows I oom sects eds. a port ysra qila sould yast-.Ji bell Jom blaon gud, yielrev bedoad-exld aigy of egsase neds ice owob beicond of8 yeas ptennes oe Hatge @4¢ yrs eecsla eacds seach age oS gl.elb og Te Ineto1g to moldsiadxe avo teiloov bee be =q@e eds af osig emed ape oar spelioo efit of Jl stifes yiier ym cd Uletalbeam! Jeomie mee. doldy wouo Sms. ) édab of mexet acloega edd mets hry ear sd 6) bevemwg se erg .Sqtd Iveziod> eng mott gattettic. bus @ eid oF « . of beiss I.10loo deftsiaw talivoeg = sim ens bre toald | iifmeretiis od yam,cod, ed; lieve, tuondin semtd Aarveves SLk ‘aegis Eos wails netsege emat Sus “¢2 ge90eio eas sted ebuild eni2 pnatswde dguodiia hosnesesget od neo eflivalagme€ tend Lsteduoh S635 ovodte,.al sans -stelic ends te ~piassod ne stomaciov «vitos O8e OFS eradg sot, vegnel see ent TO Sam sopeiive uvode bas beniath ylrocg ,wol yiiavenrm et boalsned® elidw fees nt ce escdans Tetgu Boog Ylae att. gpeldleoge: Lavoe Eie~ege Te egegevnce bao ised osinw e' 0.0 odd te gnimeve Looo & éneqge ila oF, : tuq aed bone oiidedeolwish, to covboig beseoube-ilew # ali Lith. at )ebsae Bealtyodc fnaisiw eas Jedd av Dfee ek.el @xredifp edt at are’ & esiug . n aorit vevard aif YS Sug Heqie srew eigceq ulé ‘ excted grec. geived Side of q~ovivusea emo ¥ime ad-nee%o eG7.caeh. gext ethatgis eter firaial odd bciaset,segetily bexedsace af tecae siae of mt ; » Sante to ytocde edt to eeumoed bialal sousdalt : 3 2 Be sfyooss al yod sodal (ema nes syvo 102 ~ sad ed ae yxdowoo Beet ers giz" it anftorvecnoo sao llaevres ot off. omel vrev noe, aamlage eatt (54) to the other side opposite Faisi with foreign police boys and carriers who knew nothing about the legend. 16 x ager eae Returned to the trail I found yesterday.G.R.,and the Doc set off to another landing place in the bay of our anchorage where the bush comes down close to the beach.I went in about two miles by noon getting two blackheads and a thickhead.Then it rained,but my collecting continued under a leaf shelter made of the huge leaves of what looks like a banana tree(without the fruit).I found two unusual walking sticks and a few snails.For the past three days I have been picking up spiders as I go along and have found six species represented as has been the case on all the larger islands visited.Returning I bagged a hornbill by very clever deception,a couple of brown fantails,and a striped hawk similar to those of Bagga I.Of all the birds the brown fantail comes most readily to call- ing,- strange that the black is not as susceptible.There is no variation in the hornbilljat least,no visible difference.Both the crow and the horn- bill were males evidently looking for mates,which explains how readily ‘they came to my somewhat questionable calling.The kau-kau of the crow is easily imitated but the low,grating noise of the"bena "is hard to fake. In the evening of this day there was argument on board the France. December I7 Raised anchor at 8 A.M.after Mr.Beck had closed business with B P's,the Faisi Branch,more execreably run than ever by M.Jennmings,an in- Bignifigant ass.Father Shank,a R.C.missionary of the Society of Mary is a passenger to Kieta,the southern port of entry to the Mandated Territory of New Guinea.Stood out on a NE course- 60 miles.The last few days have been very hot,sea calm with no evidence of the touted NW gales.A good rain squall coeled us off.Anchored when dark about two miles south of Koramira, the Father's mission station.The Catholics have been here as an organiza- tion over 22 years- longer than any official government.Good Master Shank expressed pean trepidation for our safety from the NW storms.None came. December I A clear day dawned and offered some fine views of the Kron- prinzen Giberge.Passed numerous salt-water villages and a few plantations. Entered Kieta harbor at 4 P.M.,the ensign flying .Messr.Alday,Ryan,and Goad Came aboard to administer entry- Customs Officer, Postmaster,and Medical Assistant.The Doc,@.R.,Capt.Lang,and I went ashore and had kai-kai at Wong Sei's,a pleasant repast and change. December I9 It rains every afternoon during this moon.Jan.and Feb.have the heaviest average rainfall of the year- the breaking of the NW monsoon.Mr. Beck interviewed Major McAdam,the D.O.We can collect anything but must have permits to carry guns;these were requested from Rabaul via wireless. December 20 This morning Mr.Beck proposed that the Doc,G.R.,and I collect Bougainville while he takes the ship to Rabaul,New Britain for much-needed tic genius for organization and thoroughness.There are many roads,one that G0°s8 practically all the way around the island.An expedition started from Arawa, just above Kieta,and shot its way right across to the other salt- Water,leaving a permanent track that is in frequent use to-day.This is probably the way we shall Go in.Kieta is smaller than Tulagi in population but greater in area;a wide shore road connects the scattered residences, stores and offices.Ebery & Walsh are the only white merchants.In six years , PER Se ge ge heer Ee ALE re sonifor i=l ox0F ig ie aie’ i + OT ? - wis #4 > ae ic. vabregeey tavel 1 Tieas, ome ee ee e tay : os : : > “ TCs fon @ { » sOO « 57S fend edt stesw egetonone Tey te yad mag eb at oni¢tep- noon yc sellin ows juede St 3ae— I.Moded eis of a suatiace aciseeiice yw sud. bénias tf age tit & Ben snaned @ off extoc! dedw to sevael egud eae 30 ahae” ‘ey. wet 4 Boe axciva saidienr levaunw ont brits? Ts tolur? ects o2 1 es artoitqs qu. gaif~otg cséd svad 1 ayab eend? teaq {fe fO caso ont ceed ead es Delasecsqet seioegs xle bao tevsio ysev yd Lildniod 2 bexzad I ustorten. bedlaiv seeds of “ailata Mwad beqitte 4 Sos efinenst een | . ifeo og viibeer ta0m eenco Ltasaet awotd edt abatd edd Ila 0.1 cms moigaitev co al eyodt-efdisgeoare sé Seog at doslé ede it Meee PA Ripe a peta sidialy om, saael Ea iiiaet vod ar: cxe notdw wecer qo ‘sntiecr ist ebiv al wo1s 24% ‘to ced-vad ent.antiise sideneidecsp Ganwance” gust of buad et aned’edt to ¢alon gaitate,wol ens tud - .eonevl etc biadd mo stnemiyie saw o7eds VED elidt to gxineve 4 + ore hal Héfw eceniard Leeclo tar doel. ik ~ed%e-B.A & da todore besten — fa ni nme estianret,.E Yd tevs Madt ae Uidedipexrs sion done Ts lelst ons, |. at ytak to yreloos eid to ysanoleeiz.o<4 #,Sneds asdiete ses oF | guodiarel bedabneh efe OF vitae to Jeg mMteizves eid .ssell oo yegnes (je6d evan ayzb wet geal sd? eeiin 02 geen GM es no suo boosts ue nie: Boog 4.scleg WH betuos edt To Com ive on déiw siso a82,308 “imeiGl IG Gisos avila ow2 Juods Beh medw berodondA.Tio av bet oo Liaw gzinagio ma ee ote nese eve aoftfodgal edt. nolsass rolesin » ‘tedsat oO ined® uedeak Sood.dpeanieves Leloltto tas madd wegco lt ——— SS seve | ,emso enev.emicte Yh ens gout qretee we Tot melsebigers ~~ eRe -sork oct to awely enit omce feretto 6ne benweab yeb agelo A r yneiteéasic wet © Sne segeitiv qetjew-tles auetemun heaaet. ogred! 5 aes BOD bas, asyii, Yablde tered. snlylt nzhene edd, Bed é ta t0d1ed agolk hevers feoitek bane ,cosearcac’ ,ze0ltte emoseud -prine tesatninbs ot breeds o& $e tei-tax bod ioe Siocea vneF ] bod, attels qed, 1+ 0,900 © ft, Snased) -egnetio Bae snsqes bisa ta i 7 Lee Bas = er * * *» * 4 na. caer. moor aidd sarnee noo mirests | 2Ve 2m a Th. OSH " wis ye oid dwcud: iad «oe Sa 2 - -s . ecient er: ee jiu ted, peitsyese soelios seo 3 .O.0 S82 abst tele¥ bovelve rt a sheleziw al, ineded port bedecupet oven Caons: army yries OF szimieg | T 4 .1.9,060 e829 gad? hosoqetg Food. aaletom eat? + 7a Soaileoo 1 BDA, -H+U,' : . ebeed-ssve sO aissitt wok, iuadai oF gids eds eetet ec eltiw oliivats gotsaxsened,.gst 08 808 lzeqxe poicveotetal 380m eds ed Dives eksT.) sinetoeiaic Gc beisovet egitanininieba tien? ni etueren eit. ase eis emo .aiect {aes o% et oet?, agendguetoads ria sottazingyre sed | tae; neat bessess colli 56q7 .bnoisi eit Depots Yer edi [la elieotioe os vata yaw eft Jedu bua etolh oveae” a) ath?.yabuOd-med, 21 oe ee nt al dade Joert SrecsnTeg # Sale sitelsuqoe mi efut sete veiiaam Bs ajalid nl op Iisa oF yaw ect “00 fa ¢ eno sig aapedtos Beet e1ene ebiw ei ae a ‘Se adie etice vine edd exe daiat @ Yrsds, ae ed me (55) the Australian Administration has accomplished much more than the Bri- tish in the Solomons Pretectorate.They had the solid foundation of the Germans to build on and set about opening the country by peaceful pene- tration so that now only the very central and most mountainous areas are colored" unknown" on the government map;when they started,only the coast for a distance of five or ten miles inland was considered safe. Their predecessors were bent upon the commercial development first,and they used the natives in achieving what they did.Penetration occured only when a scientific party shot its way across the island on one or two occasions and in retaliation for native reprisals which came,swift and vindictive.At present,practically all of the Buin district at the south end,north to Arawa and diagonally across the island from there (striking the west coast about fifteen miles below the volcano Bagana) has been opened.Meaning that one of the head men of each village has been appointed kukurai luluai)or government representative and,if possi- ble,another man,who savvies pidgin,appointed tultul(interpreter).This is the first step and is accompanied with gratuitous gifts like axes,bush knives,tobacco,and seeds from His Benificient Britainic Majesty.The se- cond is the advent of the tax levy of ten shillings per year per head. Later after some of the village have spent time in the district hospi- tal for treatment one of the brighter patients is kept three months af- ter being discharged during which time he is trained in the rudiments of bush medicine.Then he returns to the village sporting a blue,peaked cap with a red cross insignia.He is the medical tultul.The other tultul has two thin red stripes on his cap,and the kukurai one thick one.This pro- cess would take from six months to a year for each village after which they are visited once or twice a year by a police patrol tax-collecting, and once a year,if they are lucky,by a medical patrol.In this way the most remote bushmen are gradually brought into contact with the white men.On the whole this is a weakéning thing because the young men and even the meris leave the home of their ancestors to work on plantations, for the government,or as servants in one of the coastal ports.However, many enterprizing youths working on plantations come from unopened dis- tricts whence they return after their three years indenture is up to tell fabulous tales and become big men.I must not forget to mention the Marist Catholic Mission which was the first force of white civilization on Bougainville and Buka.The Methodist and 7-Day Adventist have since put in their oars much to the annoyance of everyone else,although the latter are quite harmless.Numbers of natives are employed by two larger societies in their propagation of the faith and in their commercial enterprizes.Most traders,recruiters,plantation managers,etc.,have plenty of toleration for the Catholics,who have a reputation for fair-play and kindness and a broad-minded viewpoint.All are unanimously hateful of the Wesleyan brethren(Methodist)composed of ex-waiters and vaudeville comedians who practice extortion on the innocent natives and selfish crookery in their business methods.For such a piebald coterie of jack- a-napes have the original martyrs of religion(Christianity)in these islands died.Each Mission has its own method which is not published;the Catholics have it over the others like a tent.Most of the Fathers are French but I learn that there are two Americans- Wade from Providence, R.I.,and Connolly,whe chose the Church over a career as a professional baseball player(probably a Holy Cross graduate). To return to the government- the patrols operate to map the vil- lages in each district,their populations,and general attitude toward the No.I Kiup(District Officer) Medical patrols take health census and dispense medicines,the principal one being injections of NAB for yaws. Any serious cases of illness they rouse to the hospital.The police pa- os ced -iué od Red? ones deve | wlicliqneccoa ead. oelsaitaieisba pat = = _ bas re (wet Biles acid he Youll. edame toesora oad. : ae. me ee “ERS. A (S566 YC Yidowes Sil sotpege Jueds Jes bas me Bilud o¢ saemseD an 43 yico,bettate Yeos cerwige: Imesseve, eds bo” hs . wetss louehiiancs ear bneint geiin a3 ey og Serheeateehn nant i ta. evltoliaty Sou J odd fa.toliteib ated ect to [le yl leoljossG.gme eG ye agin es situos ore? mort fouselel eas seetos yilaencpeld (atayet casolcy oct woled eelia seesttft 2 , Sarl @gelilvy dose to cet baed oft to. eno Yadg 26x. benage fnaoq tl .ine eviteinssetqet Jnenoreveg ve (fenist i iagded betateqcs need - j_ gist. (resetqrerarjius fut beteioqga, akabic rae..O2 Que, sexe oul tl Seri gavetintase 2a abcas at . 6a GT. yioele! oiniell«d jnel. 6& aih mort afces Sné,cocaded, nevis | -baed 199g teey t0q ayniif{ine asf te yvel xed ed to snevés etal Base -igeod gofaceli eft ci exld dneqe sven egelliv edd Io eames qsste setae “te acignom set? Iqod al aineltaq sesdylid eds te ego fneeiset? st Lees > e2oeetins es oi benietd eat si emls Solbiw i gntcud Seguadoald ed 162 4 taco boxesy suid 4 anisicys egelily cit 03 sites af gad Iodide weds edt. ivcivt isolbea ed? al sles. hu -6%G eldt.éfe dolds eno lewd edd bra,geo aid ao. at Aoide seste esaifiv doses wt 188y 2 8 agdmom xtan gikgoeiiee-xas fortaq soliog # ¥¢ THey edd yaw elds ol. forwteq [asofbem 4 ~d Yaomicets. eside eit diive soatnes céat sdguotd yileus, ‘ bua mem aosey ef? esuaced grid? Qt Gmodwtia, oals eucyiseve 70 eons BSETLOZ- . 2 a ro ecaioe: wd bs tacqee Shas swisen te wqwiedsi’. sa oie tddal 3 -faborommoo tien? of fie Gta? edt Yo. net Iageqouq sled? af eelsetesas Sueiq eVAd,.Sto,stagenan soljatoeiq siesiviogt, stebawM ge ore bre yeiq-tiel sol moltasuget s evad caw metfedsac Sa¢ 20. pols E Yo ivtetad yicvosioad ous Ald dntognrety bebolaeieond & bas sacmbald 7 - ofifvetuay 20a atesiaw-xe bosegmeo (¢sibodses Jnewiseud neyolack ons fnitice Soe sovicen tneocnm! eng ac meteaesxe eoléoaiq One enalbemco — “Heal to eigetos meypeet ine Gove oS ee ssoelavd ileds at yredeots ig \vdinel Seiado isfilex Te Jtas 1s aggsn-s8 4 rage 3 t prpta en meo adf gan nolselY doakes sbetelal : edd: bedclidug ton stg o1edéel end to Jao. Spee a enli eredite eid reve 2 im @ sanebivess’ cox? ebet -soeoleemA owl ot6 o7e0d dade exreel 1 gud sones® tenet: "oTG 2 a& ieeteo(s weve Sosvad ead: seodo ocw, yLieonmed bose, Tf he . . (otevbage ece3d Yon & idsewe® iJ rr ; -.." Sx am.-0 5 SF t0Oge. 4 LOX reo) Pad - (neanrteves ; + Seamer oe sigts Levees Dap, anotdalugeg ~leds,Jotavehh sose al. epget ‘+igot ated: aletiaq Less Rems (xeoltte soint eG oes 1.0K. > anotiesiai salied em Legioniaq edd , seat ee acit O¢ euvey Yoad MOT PerIzsTUywpy a, (56) trol includes twenty armed police boys,mostly from New Guinea,and one police officer.He is under orders not to fire except in absolute nec- essity-Attacks are very infrequent and not the rule;they are occa- gioned by fear or in indignant retaliation for the trouble some for- mer white visitor has inflicted.The usual thing is to enter a new vil- lage and find it wholly deserted except,perhaps,for a few old men, meris and children.Much of this was imparted by company at the home of Messrs Ebery & Walsh where G.R.,Doc,and I had dinner.Mr.Samson,a patrol offic« who was just recently shot in the ankle from ambush while attempting to enter the village of Mingetta in the Bagana district is recuperating there.Major McAdam,the D.0O.visited the France to-day. December 21 Very heavy rains to-day.By visiting the stere and chatting with everybody,we have picked up much local knowledge concerning trails natives,carriers,etc.Traders and missionaries come in and each ome has something casually to offer.The steamer 55 Marsina is expected on the 23rd or 24th.All of us have been writing letters,and of much weight and mere December The Dee and I visited the hospital where Mr.Goad,the medi- cal assistant showed us around a rather good plant,for natives.For the first time I saw some really bad cases of yaws.We gatherd more local dope by talking to him and reading reports of medical patrols.He pre- sented us with a dozen bottles of metyl spirits containing about 25 specimens of snakes,lizards,one iguana showing the dorsal scales,a fow fish,some insects- mostly ugly centipedes.Gun permits to collect(real- ly to carry a gun),which were sent for to Rabaul a few days ago ar- rived to-day.This law is in effect to protect the natives from vio- lence by possible vigilante parties in retaliation for offence .Major McAdam said we could shoot anything;there are no protected birds on Bougainville.G.R.,walked over the hill to Arawa plantation,which we hope will be our base,to interview Mr.Esson,the manager. December 23 The Doc and I purchased all the required stores for our trip at the lone store of Ebery & Walsh.In the afternoon we paid ano- ther call rig Mr.Goad at the hospital. December 2 The Marsina came in about 9 A.M.Numerous small craft are in Kieta harbor to pick up mail and Sydney or Rabaul shipments of goods.Among them is the A.V.Marqueen from Marqueen or Mortlocks which is peopled by semi-Polynesians.George,our mate,who has a sincere interest in the migrations of his people,was not slow in making friends with the beat's crew.Mr.Chinnery,chief government anthropolo- gist for the territory paid us a call which resulted in some very interesting information.He has been in Rabaul for over 20 years,advis- ing about methods of penetration and native control.He has done all kinds of this work but stays in Rabaul most of the time now to give the young men a chance.Gregory Bateson(Cantab.)who was with Beebe on the Arcturus venture,is one of his present assistants.These young scholars go into newly penetrated country and remain in close asso- ciation with the natives for a year or more until they have derived all the ethnological dope they can.Then they return to England or Australia to publish.This means they must acquire a knowledge of the lecal language,an unearthly undertaking.Fox is the best example I can think of,and it took him ten years to gather the stuwff he has put —— of thing for a BP inter-island boat,which entailed much Pete sign —— ef Jock to get his copra loaded.He went over to Pap a A ay: mcg boys;and we spent the day sorting supplies half here at Arawa to be coup ve pthe mountain .We intend to leave almost Be eas cots . sent for when we need it.Jock will be our . ng he will not put himself out to do for us. iN yes of asnids sectg bad greqniaQeatl, “siiseat eas blosaeidT"ostat Perl t ¢ fimek.xeerl elbad edd oo SQISEA af ao ae 5 aa sueds .\iieolsoioeg,evetw tueda atotb odfedtid fa snbiezed igaco bra ‘sit yo Becosey,Soet 000d oowoum al Sf to Lis Bape? ed Sivede Bie Ss bua Dedetidezse seed ead colvree emsigifAa. patdelio to sxves saedaned a polis veblianos e)juo sacs at yLl OF Orem agsco JI. yibibeeige patos ef + -bauid te eelsiiidiaasscq wt tueda inexpO@le coals Raw OH. (gauges 46% -2lb Yosm wot. anttooffoo 102 eqi salegéeg ¥iblost.sentedD well at enh oe ett senemet seis -aneer edd Dad.cxemui¢ tvilduaed #ad¥.ebnia deeaet «Sonera eds sail Levaov @ diiw aeiia CCS +o? ® ven dlged edt: etey ~ eideazives uma eit bod.aeitea COS to C@l 40 sidegivas bala eat e~StiooTa f2 asitque dofdw stevia syiel tentlons reget scenes t -: _ybeeor galvisg {le,s19vl1 medical bos vost edd bose yedisesav vadewat geenegre ote etsds gett to tsom mo Ju8.qolwsont Jeav edd oF eaeose -foodfa yIqlnate"ore sclergona bas, eimogets .xeive ed? siede equawa te ne siete odd oo Stageh od ay ftol ef. whqel ed? yfselwotéraq, “ait ae RSK SdT. Lealavs ei ouac32, ct. tengo of tame: 9g See Jon 20 betbaud x txen ed? nt (se ed . ox solsonlsxs eve molsargesatelb to aelsiiiciaseq edt Ie - e¢ If*% dgic af Jf bme,seosiq tego {le nf ovat yends BH iets aeeeee (Jamsteya giivoelico iwode unlds o7 same myeaul 6 BA oxi? sane ae ers ¥¢ div nelterteneq to astilitdfaseq edT. seniy® po. {tsv° xe acted boajesecqwg gaivesiioe 102 aguone, wen . —_ | e (yas @*brod a0) 26 Oe apeletiw fne cxose ond dtoG.asmtalaid besgartdeles eno(ieve - ¢luse es ml.boaols exow,aeoiiio pa eg A + moitnen of gen 4 edt lo wets ols [fA.axedoesce1l? Yo aevias besit ante-gnte a rot ybsl asomec 2 “e benwo opittainals « os steve Snew J defval 2 hexoos sxoeT Bae beflia aaw gig OGON sit.qu-saud feteneg bas ameog 1 eanos of ind bevies evew steuptt. txi-lad esve vol rennlb signin wet emoa médw bentstatam {lew ean dremitned. (arse died on)baot aeed sad xen gaitoeticos eit IfA.ay Jagnoms bedudixtelh erew asigeae%g eH. yeb-cf cosed. ti, saod wo tom of. worromes Saete orld sot beidzesss emeersg eidssill $ noasé.i to favirte eft baa simisg soasta@eto a dyods ayeled vad swears 2 frye OF TO sup de oy H, erin sate ray me bevrsvrerg | -taod ous ai ilar are Eonnér syed eae, Sead bsg ae “pad Ife o®8.IT ta stuxtea odd [fa ~itvicul.Ivade® wot tas ses Yirqmoug eouatTs ect baa abeol s@fal.cier accareMhs yvsed 2 eroted doasd ets mo beria daod a tobmy eae bsuneyvis ad meso Ji otmin sioda wetter ads ogni Sevom saw gal 2 eldasistaes o3 avoids crow I SaageH-O, eat. bedcedo nz ih aid 20 arew iii « no {ifaottalvetoatado af doldw,caved a ‘x00 | oe eisdsa ted to basis yeb = Serseqqe piasbhse etaviel 26 edT _ sum bsiistae gold, teod proelet-resal G2 4 sot aaid? To basedqw oa,6fu ot rove fe” ea bebast eigoo ald Jeg OF Meck Ie) Saas eds ms aot. seficaa goiduca yYab eds Saege OF basiayed wen emer 0 agie atela soxnte evaot of Bmetat 3¥.nladnvem say oF qintd edd 10% mosis goaq baa << fiw doel.df been ew gedw Was Snes od of avatA ta oted 1 Ye + - tiesald suq Jomeeiiv ed gatdgen of eredT, 3a - Fhe (58) 28 pee More work making up bundles.A 50 lb.bag og rice is missing; probably left on board the France.No carriers reported thie morning as expected so G- R-,and I went up the mountain trail and visited three vil- lages- Chiai,Sirwana,and Amio.At the first one the medical tultul joined us and took us over to Sirwana where we picked up the local kukurai and tultul as interpreters to Amio.This is an excellent example of the di- versity of language on Bougainville.These three places are not more than three miles from one another.At Amio we were enlightened about the non- appearance of carriers:their village is a couple of miles off the moun- tain trail that leads to Kupei.Indeed the men of Kupei were once bitter enemies of the Amio warriors and tradition inspires a somewhat frigid atmosphere between the two.Berenge,the Sirwana tultul offered to procure "plenty fella kanaka" and have them down at the plantation tomorrow morn- ing-A bargain- and we returned,guided by the old"doctor tultul"from Chiat. It was well after dark when we got in with much wind and rain.Jock was about to"make bello"which would summon hig labor line to organize a search party. - December 29 The first contigent of carriers came up the hill to Jock's house about 8 A.M.Berenge,the trusted tultul,was with them.proven faith- ful.The Dec had already been dewn to the store tying in loose ends and all the safari needed was lecomotion.Three boys from Arawa(Kakarika) vil- lage on-the-salt-water have jumped at the chance to accompany us- Wagei, who holds a brief as &@-cook,having worked for a Captain J@lly in Rabaul. Hevwill be bess-boy over three youths, Kokeri,Kelas,and Monto- coek-boy, wash-boy,camp-bey,and a personal attendant for each of us-It is doubtful that we shall keep them all.As we were getting the first of the packs out and the kanakas were busy lashing them to liwoi(wooden poles) ,another .bunch put in appearance,about 25 in al11.Chiai,Sirwana,Monkentoro, and Kaino were represented.The villages we saw yesterday were quite small, the male population numbering about IO or I5.The caravan was put under way- G-R.,and I up ahead and the Doc bringing up the rear.Over 40 car- riers,including the little monkeys who carried odd stuff;and stretched out for about 300 yards.We entered the bush at the spear-line back of the plantation at II o' cleck.wWhen they got under way the kanakas stepped right out sothat we carrying only our guns had difficulty keeping up. No rain all day but the trail was very slippery anyway.The wonderful prehensile power of his big,splayed toes is the secret of the bushman' s performance on a steep trail in six inches of mud with one end of a pole on his shoulder,leaded with not more than I20 lbs.(govt.regulation) .They do carry I60 lb.copra bags full-up down to Jock to sell them.They rested Just once all the way te Kaino(about 6 miles),crossing feur good wide rivers with plenty of quick water and boulders.Here we set up camp in the house kiup(govt.rest house,built by the village and reserved for the use of patrels) .Well-fixed before the rain started.All the men came over to have a yarn and we traded tebacce and marke(shillings),Teutonic sur- cook and we spent a comfortable night on the bark fleor-.All the houses for Bleeping up this way are built on poles;cook-houses and common-use- ef-all buildings set on the ground.Drainage seems to be the = i reason for this .Mosquitees were scarce. ene ‘“ @ sfesim ei seft go nad.di 62 &,.e0efboud ey ia S10" - a B Sitom aids Sejroyet sisittss ol eunay® aan Baie Be. steL Idaderqg it eoudd betietv bas Itaqt atejavem add qu Goew T boss 10 ee . a bentot Insist [actbea. edd sae ftertt edi Jd.@fea Bae acewita leidd -e boe Lewivd iecel eit qu bedotq ew etedw enawrté ot %3VS ais woos bra av” ~tb of? to elomaxe Jasilsoxe os sl efdT. ofma of etedsetqzregal as Euding : seit excm Jon eve ascsfq vorit esedT. oliival®geod se ssadanaf Ye yelacewn -sea edt tuocds Bbemeidglias erow ow olmé sd.t9d20ne eae m6tt solim oouceee -suom edd Yto aelim to elqueo e st epeillv sfedsietelqise te sonateeqan sestid sono corer fequai to nom eds Soobnl.lequa of sheet sad? Itazd bigit? tetrasoe « seyiqant netilbert bas eaeivsaw efma odd to sek emootg es beistie lutivs anawrid edd epmeted.ons edd neewsed ; ‘stom worromos netisiasla sit ta qwob med? svad fae “elened sifet qeaeta: piae, 2oat” “atlul wetoos Sle ens yd heblicg, petrt at en $s -altsyted eeW Usol. ater bis Satw coum atlew ol 30g é& AeORRS esta Clew s esiaggic of onli sedel afd aomive blvow dotdw"olled sian"et dued) ‘ vied A - bad pecan 3 se re =. A al e'doot of [itd edd qu emgo arefites To ge am sett? ediia? deveowg-solt Giiw saw, iveind beteucy (6I) . FIELD NOTES OF BOUGAINVILLE I. Note: Since I found very little time for writing sensibly in the two push camps maintained from December 31,1927 - February 10,1928 by Dr. F.P.Drowne,G.Richards,and H.Hamlin,I wrote up the entire experience while at Arawa Plantation awaiting the arrival of the France from Sama- rai,Papua,where she had been undergoing repairs. The situation at Kupei is ideal for collecting since it is locat- ed approximately at the midpoint of two"Bird zones",the elevation being 2300 feet.By descending the trail from the camp one can find a half doz- en branch trails leading to nearby villages;these tracks circle the feet of the ridges that lead up to the top of the range and give access to to the birds of the lower and middle" zone" (1500-3000) ;this would {include most of the avifauna between Kupei and the shore excepting the shore and salt-water birds per se.Ascending the trail,which passes right through our front yard,and reaches a maximum altitude of 5200 feet on top of the mountain,the species encountered begin to vary about ¢~ mile up- 3000 feet.The brown and black fantails give way to the ashy-gray fantail;the yellow(black-bib)thickhead is replaced by the drabber moun- tain variety(the calls of the two are distinctly different) ;and the yel- low-bib dove,black-winged pigeon,white throated pigeon,and green parra- keet make their appearance.Proceeding higher additional species are en- countered- the warbler,and above 4000 the red-breast and thrush.So we are in excellent position to penetrate both"zones"while concentrating on the higher.G.R.,and I alternate in daily trips to the top and as far down on the other side as our legs warrant.Thus each man is fresh for his climb and can work faster and better.There was never a day in camp when anyone could rest from bird-skinning.The Doctor remained constant- ly at the bench.The daily catch was augmented by the hunting of two natives- Waggi and Tutepe(the former the official cook for the outfit). They would rumage the area around Kupei in half-day jaunts and often bring in excellent material;indeed,the only specimen of the much-desired pitta or ground thrush was taken by Tutepe.G. R.,has a worthy assistant in Ona,a youngster of 10,who is the son of the Kupei kukurai.My compan- _ion,bird-retriever,spotter,etal.,is called Wagga- a youth of about I5. He can climb anything that grows.Both Waggi and Tutepe never go out un- accompanied;there are always at least two young monkeys with each eager for the work of retrieving in hopes that the hunter may shoot a common gray pigeon which they can take home to the kai-kai pot.The personnel of the camp-followers is ever changing.Sometimes a monkey(often called maggi")goes up with the altitude party for a day;Ona and Wagga have been the two regulars.In aweek's time they knew exactly what was expect- ed of them although neither could speak a word of pidgin.They were well worth their tobacco(a stick a day).When I happened on the only" yellow- legged ground pigeon"I had a lad with me from one of the distant villag- es who was quite untutored in white folkways;he was somewhat nonplussed by my activity and rather slow to savvy his job,but he seemed to bring good fortune.It was very rainy and cold;I was in low spirit and much cha grined by the day's luck.Suddenly we flushed this large bird and it was promptly shot and retrieved.When the kid showed it to me I thought I im- mediately recognized a common red-knobbed pigeon and so gave it to him for kai-kai.This rara avis would have been cooked whole and digested if the Doctor had not happened to see it when we got back to camp.All the local natives remarked that"this fell : get plenty". s fella stop too much along mountain- no Vee i ——* a eins «I 2A verano 40 242700 GCE + — * inn id ; ™ il wt ed? nd {idianes golviaw ye} sale elisii eae ‘aetna -tu g@ Saki Cl prsuxde® - Yel it vedhenet momteten stam ecm eoneitecxe eriine.edst «cc. wor ly yaligeket onerye ’ -sha= mOowl eersvd eid Yo leviqis eid gnigiese neiceeaee see ee -clfeqes seteogrebay need Bat ade 6 age -Jasvl-st 23 semis gattc¢! ico s63-Leebl ef Seguaide iniuen 7 mied aoidaveie oct,"senc: bitéd"ens 2e;eatoghie Br S0L 2iad « bait ass smo ques Sts mot? Liew edt C ef2@ elotts aedoats seeds, « aaah CT ee me ads gclvusexs erode ects baw Lequil- avserded: savaltiva edt taon izdit ges0eaq dotdw, (ied cis gat port ap ve Se ao tas tos? ie stiuvisia dmvowls site = iuode ¢usv 07 alaed one aeirega te god an [ies edd o¢ yaw oviy aitasnst woud edits € -q “ ens yd Beoalget 42 beeda& coy es bas; (incTeltib (isjowitelh esa owt e620 -ST125 not Recaro 2. sesaowds sJidv,.a “8% tk esicege tibbe ‘tedgia eng ev eS.darpids bas ol Mee? af aan dose. avdP. gaara, we ae qmceo fl (st © tevea ase e1sd?.1ected bas séJeat ~3ia2 & betlamex sesso. orf. 16 gai truce ocls ee aae sldhiduce ede x0? ds00 Laloitte edd tes et pesic bas afimva,. yab-tied al lequa bawers ; sit to mealosqe yin eds fe0bn2 j laisesaa Juadeiaes Edstew s aad ,sh »sheqesuT qd aede3 aaw aso gods: beiles aesito )yoinem 2 preperation st Otc oved apga® Sas enO: yes 2 TORY ebustiia eds déiwiqu ¢. sgosuxe saw codw ¢itosxe, wend qed? spit a: Ifew o:ov wetleniubiq to brows daeqs tinoo: -welloy "rine edd ao benogqgad I nechs (7s5.a. tole speiliv Sascseii aft 70 em MCT? om digiw Sele Sad Benevicaca taiveace ean ed payawadio? etidw at bevosusew edt aiid of Semees od tud det sid yvves oF wois senvet. bas sda eum Dat Iisttqe. wl. ol. eaw 1pbheqr eas qaiet Ytev aaw tl, emmeaets = 3) tae Pald opsal atas becouse yinebbuG. dow l a'yeb edd xd. ; . 5: ¢2 Sowers BLS ede ogedis beveiasen eee id of 21 eve > one noeatc Seddeak-bee nommes a beste; if be. Th ban effete bedgoo cesd Syed Slaae alvs 218% ‘th ‘2 too ew menw 22 e605, od) bereqgna goa bad 1os9ed) ~gialtau oe cog gete efist alae dase pekraeet sevises pd . . "eraeig se oes CF 2OaG | a : (62) Without native help we should have been about one half as efficient. Dr.D acts as director of the whole enterprize remaining in camp all the time.His particular function is the most important of all.He makes up most of the skins;G.R.,and I do most of the skin- ning on our alternate days at the bench.This system has proven most -successful.The Doc and I put up nearly fifty birds of various kinds from warblers and midgets to pigeons and crows.The average bag from the upper region is about 20-25 specimens.Rain and fog have hampered the work considerably but we have been unusually fortunate for this time of year.The rainfall for last January in Kieta was 36";we have not has a sixth of that amount.The register shows more average rain fall for Jan.,and Feb.,than any other part of the year. After breakfast the hunter is off and the two native col- lectors assemble their respective gangs and set out with a dozen shells apiece until lunchtime.They only have one aux tube between them since one of the three originally brought was broken the first week.By noon they usually have a dozen birds between themjafter lunch one or both again go out returning by sundown with ten or more.Anda they know enough to look for good stuff.Accordinely there have been plenty of birds to put up with the burden of proof depending chiefly on the Doc who gets no change from the bench.In addition to this he writes all the labels,keeps the field book,and buys material in all phylums of natural science from natives.Salt,tobacco,calico,and shillings(occasion~= ally)are paid for good specimens of land snails,insects of any kind, butterflies, beetles ,centipedes-phalangers,rats, iguanas, lizards, snakes, frogs, and what have you. All this stuff is extra curriculum and bought at a ridiculous price.A stick of tobacco buys four frogs,or twenty snails, or a leaf-ful of beetles,or one rat; one bob was paid for a large phal- anger from Kokeri,a village on the other side of the mountain.They even caught prawns and freh water ecels.A two mark inducement was offered for the big bush rat.Small cave bats,fruit bats ,and flying foxes have been purchased in like manner.The series of the small swift was sporadically collected by the natives in caves where they sleep at night.Since these » are very difficult to get on the wing it saved us many #10 shells.Add to this the fruit and vegetable barter which brings us taro, kau-kau, coco- nut pudding, tapioca( manioc) , bananas, pumpkin, beans, and paw-paws,and the part played by the general manager is no small one.The trade in arrows, spears,mats,baskets,and native paraphenalia has been booming all the way from Kupei to Siwoi on the other coast.The Doc has also watched the status of our supplies and with help from us has made up lists to send down to Messrs.Ebery & Walsh;boxes of birds go down to Mr.Esson's house where he lays out the skins in drawers with moth balls,and the order returns from the store by the same runner and his few carriers.We have lived like kings as far as food is concerned. ; By winning over the natives who held themselves in abeyance at first,the cycle of cooperation is complete,and with their remarkable as- Sistance both in the e and police the front fara ig eaitiven te eerie five raed incest Snails,bats,etc.),and in the collecting of birds,I think we are as nearly efficient as such a party could be.Our collecting supplies have been sad- ly imadequate- only ten sheets of wrapping cotton(enough for approx.500 skins) ;ammunition- we are short of the Ajax US #10,the most dependable shell we use;of preservative we have we have only one pint of formaldehyde ° <6 the horde of interesting stuff brought in.It was all there was ard the France at the time of our departure.We were able to secure se | ee Se a -tapiolti ples emo Jvode seed tvad Biggie ae i auintenet eslagt eine slode edd to soscexlD Be Re ay he « teatuege! geeg eat ai nclvoran iaivoliteaq tif.eate edd Lie gmap. “aida ez to faom of | bre,-i- ianide Sad Be tecs qu sedam oH. Lis % Jack nero mg sad wetoye sist. coned edd ds eyes esemretis wo ao site e8ca2d quclisy to wake ustit ¢ixeen ge tug t poy grin a: next sed ene reve oct. aworo bas amoesig Go aceneie Bae Sereqmsr overi not ins sist. anemfloeds =t_0s iuods at el reese 17 bd ahet at Spear cn need evan ew div¢ er svi’ or sex sds cl Ytavnwt Peal vot ifs ont. tee, > glat expetova orrer ee wveteluen ofl. tomers coda ite 2 pay tee ety ¢ @aaq rerite yrs nate: bas,. feo ev tien ost ef? Bue Tie at setnua Sad peries pr Papa . ob 2 i= ayo dee Ene Eanag evidoegses mt eldposas : counted edu3 xua ono Svad yino yed?. entadonvl tign sestas atk setit ens CIRC any: tage Stee ee ae spo conta ears q& Gdomsl testeimedts neowsed atald nesob a eva tllamey yede noon yed? baéverck 10 net itr svoime yd gg tn duo oc 8 ae qysnelq¢ ceed eve son? vyiuctitosoa. “as as! ney Hees eS no ylteldo ant Laege 1260s Pes) leita ifs aelite od zidt of notitbhe ol.doned 3a mer So emutyiq ife ni faisedan ewd bua deed brett . eMorsanoo jaanititde bre sotiae ,oscados, sis2. sovidan mov? ¢ eonehoa owsan “boli (mm Io ecoosad silane bret 16 chentoegs 830 "OT peg esa tis sedans ,ahiatli esnsvst acax etsamlasq-aebeg td, vole ua esitu Siimved base mulicoisiwe erdze al Ytwes atid EA wot ovad dady Bae ey Stee yinewi 1o,ag@rt Wot swd coosdey te selves & eoing eo jolhiey Sisgg extel z 107 bleg Ba¥ ene (vat end aO,aei¢ced To Gtin-teel & “oye yedT.nftatovom eff To shia sedso*eny a9 iliyv a ,i-tedet s677 noel betel to sar fnemeoswhat xvet Ows a-elee deTt bre atwarg Reed evad eoxc? actyit bas, ated Siegtedsd eveo ilemG. Jet Baud sid a3 ees cones aaw ftiwe ffera end Te aol teu ett. tenaes e”ii al 14 saond sonle,digtn je goefe yedd. eisdw eeveo mf atvijen eas , : gg Ase ti fine, ensed eat Gms pon hy (oot nam Jsvoiqad, ,ene sre al shad 2, ato {ieee on ef ne ger eee sad var od ifa gninoed nosed garni ai iscedgetag evi daca @f2 Bedotew oefa ead ood extT. 6809 Teti so at 60 “fowls oF cd atob Baee oF atall qu sbaw sad ey BOTT -qfed déis bre sot sf wise oavod « 'noaud.té Of nwob of sisid te eexodidala®.& wort strates tbc edd ons eifed slow Assy arovath of entia 6 *@exii Bevil evac ef. ateltt66 wot ain boa tenn e@ee Cal _ beerreoaec al Sock af ; goneveds ml sevieareds Sled ofw eovigen ed? seve gatanio -é€a eicewtien vec? agtw bas, eseiqmod ef metleveqese to ious god dees. Te 133, COST eine 2) ote PRSMRT Tita Samos ae seen , eso en xnicd 1,ahitd 16 anit ei? af Se even seliqqua aaisoelieo TOs Binoo bs Siro ' 1a yotaas 101 syone)asdsee setae to eJeede HDS j saen-end (Ob : U xaLa edd to jroda e128 rar ~ ee ino ovac ew even oF otter i tte ase float cdgvesd TEite oaeere . . 20 Ren fat “ue to eld ett 88 oh. CSG" (63) two gallons of methylated spirits from Ebery & Walsh,Kieta.However, by such expediencies as unwrapping birds three or four days old and reusing the cotton we have managed to put up everything taken and look forward to a good set of skins on our return to Arawa.During the month at Kupei over 600 skins were carried down to Mr.Esson’s house, One large biscuit tin of material in formalin was also sent.The gen* tleman mentioned has been invaluable in his kind assistance.Besides boarding us for over five weeks while we were waiting for the France. The period of stay at Kupei was thirty-three days- Decem- ber 31,1927 - February I,1928.We departed to spend a short period at Kaino Village on the latter date,a location at 1300 feet which enabled us to complete the collection of the"lower zone birds.The major portio of the work was done at the Kupei station.The goal set was I000 skins. We took 612 from the higher camp.On January 3I the field book showed 49 different species.At this time we also took account of the follow- ing: ‘ IO rats(small Pacific) 2 bats 3 flying foxes In Solution I4 small cave bats I7 snakes centipedes iguanas geckos lizards rats fresh-water eel nestling hornbill thrush We lost track of frogs,insects,and snails,but estimate 150-200 frogs,I500 snails,and I000 insects.All this stuff,brought by natives of various nearby places,some even IO miles distant,reveals great variation.The total terrain represented in this department is something like 64 sq.miles. Both G.R.,and I have taken the aneroid up on several occa- Sions and have marked certain elevations- 3000,3500,4000,5500,the last being the maximum(the trail goes to 5200).Based simply on rough ob- servation while hunting I offer the following table as a general indi- cation of bird ranges educing what we have called"zones" .Naturally the limit of the"zone"as estimated does not necessarily restrict a species entirly to that particular area;but judging simply from our hunting experience the 72 different species of birds taken may be thus classi- fied as to altitude(where to go to find the greatest number): (note: this table includes work done on Bougainville after Mr. Beck, Dr.Drowne,and G.R.,had left for America during which ad- ditional species were taken) HHH foOOW- 4000-5500 3000-5500 Thrush Mt .Thickhead Redbreast Ashy Fantail Warbler Green Parrakeet Yellow-bib Dove 3500 -5500 Black-winged Pigeon 7 ot ar ore Pigeon Yellow-eyed Pigeon ac aw W e-bre - aikased: Tincen te-breasted Hawk White-throated Pigeon \co7 .2everui.ei2i { dafla® 1 yred. wort atiaige betas olilasg toe Pio syeh wot to eenuds abild anlqqsivay a8 iaaaaee Gale evigserte seem ett, belivetam ewan eft Lary ’ $704 anted sao nts Detaam mee woled or “ < jam aoxye eff Te foot af tak base | to i& ed Vie son pidmalDiiag esoms eds osiiw: nelts swoud ateb edd bas seeT bas dé myimbas eds: (66) | The redbreast is not at all scary;most of those taken by me have been gleaned from small companies of four or six of both sex.They also fre- quent the low bush and like the thrush are seed-eaters.The call is a faint metallic-sounding peep-peep-peep which is very deceiving to the ear for it sounds to be much further away than it really is.The rare crested pigeon is similar in this respect.It is a somewhat bewildering experience trying to locate a redbreast.You often hear the call and accordingly plunge into the bush in its apparent direction.After trying: to peer beyond all the encircling leaves you discover the ventriloquist just above your head;then the duel commences with the agility of both in competition.Although the redbreast does not fly away like the thrush it hops from twig to branch quite lively.But the clumsiness and peculiar eyesight of the hunter are compensated by the insoucience of the bird which often offers three tries with the aux.About half of the © number collected were females and young males- breast pinkish and back and wings light brown.The white patches on the secondaries and just in front of the eyes are lacking- quite unlike the mature male. This plumage varies,brown sometimes predominating and nothing but a suggestion of red in the full feathering on the breast.Both the thrush and redbreast are primarily seed-eaters.The stomachs of the thrushs often revealed a small berry-like fruit,which is such a favorite with the long-tailed dove.It grows in clusters on a smallish tree- never over 350 feet high. As the trail starts decidedly downward and becomes perma- nently steep for a few thousand feet the thrush and redbreast disap- pear.The «© two principal small birds from 35500 to the top are the moun- tain thickhead and the warbler.The thickhead is the most abundant spe- eles on the Krenprinzen Gebirge.Smaller than the usual yellow type, its plumage is much darker- black entire even on the throat except for the dull yellow breast;the female shows a gray head and throat.The call is unmistakable and has three distinct variations- a clear whistle ending in a chirp after a rising crescendo of tone,a series of chirps and a sharp trill,and a low disconcerted whistle.This is not dissimilar to the call of the various Solomon species,which has seemed to me pretty much the same on all the islands I have visited.Again,this multiple call is quite different from that of ‘the black-bibed cousin lower down, generally below 3000 feet.Yet I have taken specimens of both kinds at the same height of elevation(around 3000).This would indicate sexual specialization or some cross-breed would be found in a still different plumage.Some of the thickheads taken on Aikiki and Momolufu Is.,near Shortland I.,showed marked melanism and albinism due to in-breedinge, I thought.Bougainville is the first island tO give-us altitude varia- tion in the thickhead.Of all the birds it comes most readily to call- ing and offers an easy target for the aux.The grey fantail, too,sings out with more volume than either the brown or the black.I have usual- ly met them in small groups- from four to eight,piping their short, pert note,hopping about in lively fashion,and perking their tails.They do not occur below 3000 feet.I have taken a great many quite close to the ground,apparently feeding.The"curve-bill olive bird",which is prob- ably another species of honey-eater is somewhat similar in its habits. The call is not distinguishing- a peculiar chirping whistle not unlike the general sound of the smaller black honeysucker.They are often seen in pairs,frequently on ferns,reeds,and young tree sprouts not over 6" off the ground.All three species,however, inhabit trees of all sizes to the topmost branches.It is only above 3500 or 4000 feet that I noticed how they seemed to favor the low bush;it may be the almost constant (dd) mesed sve om yd moxss eao t : -s tt oale ale tout idea oad oo nee Se ee af sagerdber oAT : . & 0 Wot to eetnsqmoo Ilan s af Ifso ofl.atetse-beea ere dauidt oft oflf 5B a) ee edt of gnivisosb yrev et doltdw o - Ge, SOE Wek aes dneup gSeq-geeq-qseq sntbnwos-olff otet odT.aft yifser ti nedt yews redsaut doum iD sata ed ot ab gniuehbitwed dsdwemoea s at tl. toeqact etds at {i moa $f rot 120 bos [{s0 edt 189% nesttio vox ry t8tinta at noegtq beseero . vOL.JSaserdber s stsool o¢ aaliyrt e galyrs resttA.motftoertbh tnersqqs act at daud ent oftnt 3 f Ppa $atupoltrtmev eit tevooalbh voy saeveel anifortons eng te. hao ——- dtod ie Phpes bic edd cog aconemmos [sub edt neti bsod suey eveda dant 8 yews yli tom seob teaseridber ent dayo . bone ssentemufo odt sud. yLlevil etiup donexid oft ates eit Sie a to eonstovoent ont yd betsaneqmoo ets retned oft to tdgteeye tally : eis to tied tuodA.xus 3 déiw aelis sesidt aretio nesto doldw brid odd fas fdatinic tas -selsm gnyoy bas aslamet fW botoolloo pi bos eelisbnoose edt no eenotsq edinw' en Teaworc ‘tigil agntw bSne ieee -ofsm stusem ont extn etiup -xyntdosl ore asye ot To tmort of sant 8 dud agnidnson bos gnidsnimoberq aemitemoa nword, eelrev Sysmutq atAT fayiit eft dtod.taserd edt no aniredéset L[ilut ent nit ber to pears adavidd edt to adosmoste oT. atetss-beea Ylixrsmixg ers saueetnen tee Agtiw edinovst & dove eldotdw,.diuxt exiti-yaired [fsme s beleever nesto teven -sems datifsema s no atsteulo nt aworg sl.evob beliss-gnol ent edatd ~amieq asmooed brs Biswnwob yibebloeb adasta I[fexrt gone. a pects -qselb sasordher bas davadt edt teet bneevont wet s ro? -mom ols ers qos eit of OOCE mort ebitd [fama Iscqlont Tes -oqe tnsbouds teaom ent ef beetdotst edT.teldisw esd brgeemeddotd?d ated etleeeg@ wolloy [suey sit nedt tel{Lleme.oartded nesnlt Ai edd no aslo edt tot Sqeoxe tsordt ent mo meve oritne wosid -xexteb doum at exemy Ig al {feo oAT.csords Sane bsed yerg.s awode elsmet ent: tssord wolfsy Iiub anibas eftetdw tsefo 2« -anoiteltisv stonitetb cenit aed bne eldsteseimay & bis agqiido to aeirea s,enot to obmeoesero gniats ew tests qriido s nt od aelimteath Jon ef aldT.eftetdw betresncoatbh wol s bnus,Ifixt qxreda yste1q om ot bemecee aad doldw,eetoeqa nomolos avyolrzsy erit to ffso ed? eiqistium efldd niegdA.bettetv eved I ebnmelet ext ffs no emse ont doum .Mwob tewol ntasvoo bedtd-xosl{d ent to tedt mort tnerettib ettup el Ifeo de abnid dtod to enemloeqe neaes evad I steY.te0% OOOE woled yilereneg faumee edexolbnt biuow atdT. (CO0t bavors)notsevate to Sdsted emea edd cmeretti6 [ffta s nt bowot ed bilyow bserd-saor emos 10 mottasliatoege tsenm,.e1 utufomoM bans INtdiA mo nedet ebsedxotcs edt lo emod.exemuiq ibhoerd-at ot ovbh metnidis bos matosiom bedtem bewode,.I bneltrods ater i ofods. wiivds Dosfet dariit edd,bf ellivniequosd. -[f{zso ot YITBs om aemoo gf abutd edt IIs 10.bsenddolds egnta,cot ,{fetinst yers edI.xuve ons rol tepisd Yase ns areT -~favey evs l.vioeld edt 10 mwo1d edd a1edtte nsdd emulov etom déiw tuo etrondea tledt antgic,ddste of wot mort -equors Ileme af mead som yl yedi.aliss sfedt anidteg bns,nofdest ylevil nt tuode aniqqod,sson sJr1eg ot saolo esiup yasm dsetg se mexst sve I.teet OOCt woled awo90 Jon ob dorgq at doidw,"bild evifo [Ifd-evwo"edT.antbeet ylineteqqs .bavotg edd -atided ati of tealimfe ¢edwemos al tetse-yonon to asloeqa tedsons yids extins ton eltatdw sntaqrido reliveeq s -gnidatugnitetb gom ef iis meea netto ors yodT.redxoveayenod Mosid sef{{sma eit to hSoawoa Leteneg edd '8 revo ton aduorqe seers gnvoy bar, abeoot,enret mo yiséneupert,.aiteq af ot seste [fs to seert sidsdat,tevewod,seioeqea seids ILA. bovorg edd Tio beotgon I gang seot COOMA to OO@E evoda yYimo at SI1.senonsid daomqos edd sasdanoo deomfe eid od yom stideud wol edd rovet o¢ Bemeea yeds wor eese yiiénen (67) fog and moist,cold upper atmosphere that causes this. Of all the altitude birds taken the pigeons are the most int- eresting because of their feeding habits,distribution,and beauty.They in- clude some of the rarest birds taken.Only one species is a ground-feeder. There may be some species that we have missed,but I doubt it;remaining as long as we did in the Kupei camp we should have at least seen any that eventually might have escaped our eagle eyes.(In my subsequent visits to high land at other localities on the island I saw only one pigeon that we lack in the collection.It looked about the same size and build as the long-tailed dove,so much so that I did not offer at it.Then some natives who were with me informed me that it was not"bokute"but "nother fella- stop along ground,kai-kai along ground" ;this-fellow.and the common, choco- iate-colored ground dove are not represented.)The most common above 3000 feet 1s the long-tailed or black-winged pigeon.I think it has been taken before on the larger islands of the Solomons.One does not fail to bring in a-coupie or more every day.They are in small flecks of ten or so and like the rest of the family are fruit eaters and very graceful in flight, often volplaning long distances.Their favorite food is a latge brownish- black berry,more of a nut perhaps,which is very plentiful and grows on fairly tall trees.As usual the whole fruit is swallowed and the pit and epidermis digested.I have not noted their call;but I have frequently heard a low,hollow cooing up in the tree tops, which must have been their work. It sounds just like the ‘ordinary"baluse" or gray pigeon,which is not seen much above 2500 feet.The noise of the wing-beats is the best harbinger of their approach.On hearing the hunter in the bush as high up as they are they become wary and usually hop off,but invariably alight in a close-up tree,frequently returning to the same perch.Evidently another species or Sub-species ef this pigeon occurs which is similar in every respect ex- cept for its smaller size and yellow iris.The larger bird has an orange iris.This presented a puzzle for it is not at all common although inhabit- ing the same terrain.The real rare ones are the yellow-leg ground pigeon, the crested pigeon,and the white-throated pigeon,all found above 3500 feet We have taken four of the crested species and one of each of the other two.(Later we added another crested and one black-winged during the Balbi trip.)The ground pigeon I shot one rainy afternoon while coming down. the mountain.It flew from somewhere behind me and wheeled off to my right. After a climb down the side of the ridge I saw ¥. sitting on a large limb. We exchanged glances,the bird crooking its head’ around in a most queru- lous fashion.I mistook it for one of the red-kuobbed until we got back to camp where the others quickly noted its marked differences that I had been too fed up to notice,particularly after I thought I had slid down the ridge to shoot a bird not desirable.Our experience with the crested pigeon has been like hunting some elusive wraith.G.R.,first saw one,whose mourn- ful call we both had heard, and brought “it down but minus the handsome tail.The call is a low,muted whistle with a rising and falling tone,then a short note following in the same key as the ending of the first.And it sounds much farther away than the bird actually is which deceived us at first.Certainly it 1s a remarkable bird with its fine tail and elongated crest.In Stewart's"Handbook of the Pacific it is mentioned as" extremely rare’ (the long-tailed Turcaena crassirostris of Guadalcanal is also refer- red to as scarce and highly desirable to ornithologists- probably our " black-winged pigeon").It is among those birds hypothetically protected by the list made out-years ago by former Resident Commissioner Woodford who collected insects primarily.The purpose was,no doubt,to keep planters from shooting them for kai-kai;but very few venture up to 3000 feet above (Te) : ,eift eesesveo tan’ etedqsenia bieo ¢ secre -ed? ere scoesic sit moma abiid ehuditla @ + Sia edt gécced Eng nolsuditiels siidas aniieelt read Yo ta ‘Hest-ilwors, @ a2 sefoege smo eicsmeses abide Seote: edt to esos ele lt anintaner; 32 $auob I tu¢ bosels ovat oF secs aotoogqa et eared Sadd yon cose teasl Je syen isos ew qmae Leoquk iat Bde hie 73 I Pegtaiy dnevpesdve ym al).serts elsee mo Segegus cau "blaine thie aees gas3 meeutq goo pico vse 1 Loeiel eft o@ seletinoos sedge ta bast duta (2 ef Ditud bee s2tG emec off duoda Setool Si. act edt ab toal ow wijat emOt GOd7T. ii ja «ello Som bth T dads cn some. ie @voh bellat-anol agifs?t tadéen” sud"ednied" Jen aaw 8l dacs-on b tl Om. ¥ of odo ncameo eis bis ecils? alis; "bowery sools tas-lad BS Oe OF evods common face ed T(.dbedneaeiget Jon ers evel bre 3 fos~etal yids esd ani Jf Antal I-ocegte be wesoalc 10 beltad aob ton oe eacdw cm THe sacit, Hd dikete eviewis esom: smoibnent edt avata jwd. nvoi tl jdmuoid Soe, bisent send. sacs aniitael ne seiein & ootw of banetazit efi to. paldas- eae es yod emsa oft at ai yifeuses itd es? nbad. ye 1q adt dtiw babe eida® & at qiemeisxe “a4 beao: Jae o) 2i oftiont-edd-te, Let cela a4 jetizcisatesn 20 elarteorss SBtO soteaotmut “G0 yvyicegeTg da lod pins oF eldgesiteed yiagia seiorg Ylisol tedvegy sbrid esctie gucmmcnl Who Sq eh. Sevisces osoltk P wi he + >A fftes ee | ~ 4 (Oo) the cultivated lowland.Mr.Beck had a specimen of a crested pigeon taken on Florida I., on board;it was smaller than the Bougainville type.The infrequency that occasioned its weird call is evidence of its scarcity;I heard three times in two weeks before G.R.,shot the first one.The one from Florida was taken at I500 feet,I think.I have not heard them below 3500 here.Like the other larger pigeons it favors the big trees for its fruit,perching usually on a bare limb in plain sight( provided you can trace the call).The primal specimen,shot by G.R.,became entangled in a mass of vines during its precipitous descent losing its elegant posterior appendage and thereby hangs the tail of this mystery bird.The only white- throated pigeon obtained was shot within a hundred yards of the camp at Kupei.From all appearances it is very much like the Solomon Is.,species. (I only saw one other- at the grebe pond up in back of Tiop,2400 feet) We can include the doves with the fruit-caters and cite the yellow-bib, long-tailed,red-breasted,and red-cap as the prevailing aboreal types. It really seems that the yellow-bib is the most plentiful.Hitherto it has been a prize rarity.We have put up a series of fifty.Their call is heard about as consistently as that of the mountain thickhead- in a slightly descending scale,more of a melodious hooting than the tradition- al coo-coo,with an apparent loss of breath toward the end.Above 3000 feet they feed in the early morning in fruit-bearing trees of thick foliage that makes the birds difficult to see with their excellent camouflage. Our native attaches have been most helpful in pointing out shots that we should never have noticed.These feeding areas seem to flourish at about 3000-3500 feet where the doves are plentiful in the early morning and toward evening ;but they can be found at any higher elevation.I do not think they can be present in such numbers at all heights above 3000feet on the island.This particular terrain above Kupei is endowed with an abundance of their favorite fruit tree,laden with dark bluish berries. Indeed such birds must be somewhat limited in range by the location and extent of feeding areas.Many have been shot in succession while eating’ in the same tree,often with the aux.Their resonant,well-carrying call, the whirr of their short flights(like a flushed quail),and the dropping of stems,twigs, and shucks,which occurs when any of the fruit-eaters are at work,all serve to betray their presence.The only difficulty 1s to see them against the green background.The red-breasted and red-cap are found up to the 3000 mark from the salt water.Both male and female of the for- mer species have the same plumage and appearance.The female of the latter shows a gray cap;both male and female have the black-bib.The calls of both species is the same- a low"coo-coo"at long intervals.Due to their segregation over the lower terrain their distribution is greater than that of the yellow-bib.We have found them common enough on all the large islands to collect good series.The brilliance of their plumage,as is the case with so many other birds,obscures them by its very obviousness. All the doves are called"kukuroi"by the natives of this district(Kieta). Only the long-tail species is accorded the dignity of a separate name, bokute’ - doubtless because of its different build and distinguishing two-note call,the first an octave above the second- short and long .We have found this species also to be quite common in this vicinity.It ranges from the low ground in from the beach to the topmost ridge of the mountains.The flight is like the black-winged pigeon- very direct with much volplaning and an upward glide on to the perch.The female is smaller than the male and has a black eyelids where the male has red.The irides are orange.One specimen that I shot(sp.#637) showed some puzzling varia- sae the iris- light brown,eyelid black, feet-a lighter shade of brown nstead of the usual red,and the upper breast feathers tipped with black. RD a 2 ies ic badgescis a te comicecs « ban deeG. a8 basin begay wes et ii bye gi0f oss omic 1elleme pew S22: Ree eee pre ye gfioxzsse acti ‘to scoobive el ifse bilew efi Benctiasess tent Yoreupeitat eno ent. ene saul® ele ¢oce,.1.0 exoted easew owe af aemis setds ieaed ois aeds breed fcn evant lexatds I, feet CCaT te melas $i set evets gic enJ ayovet ti envegiq tegzel atedse fog neo vor behiverqgjédgte otelq of dail ems # ne yilee ani belemetne emaced,. i. ¥¢ Jose, cemioeds feslrg eff. ( ictw yi oct.Beld yteseta elds Yo tas end apna ¥ (yest OTAS,qolT to xoad at qu beeg edeigy edd 7a at [feo 1fedi.ystit Ye selves & Gu eved eV. tiines exite a nit -baeddpids afatnon edt To gad cry Fry egg i Gi tiie 3 eg pars anicoed avolbolen a to exon ,slace gat basesed falis & GOCr evodé. bre edt brsre?d disexd Yo esol soensgce ne ddle Iz @nefiot Acic? Yo asers antreed-sisat al antarem {ius end nk best yess tneileoxe tied? dst ses of SivolTNS sialic ed setem Janey gadd gaode tuo sntintog af Ivigied ¢som need evas eedesiéia oviten mw. te daiswolt of aeoa aeeie gathost eecdt.beoiten eved reven bivota ems pimsom ginee edt ci (utitaeig eis seveb ond etedw seet O0SE-060t syodal | ob I-noddavels todatd yas Ja Sovot ed ceo yods Jvc, gaioevre peas = weetOOO. eveds avdated [le Ja aredzcm dows jossotg ed ase yest datas ne ditw bewdbSne af lequk eveda niatied seluoltiuxeg aldT.basisl edd aby jeoltted deluld dueb dete oebal,ver? slut esisoval sheds to eonabauds se mol@ecol eis yt eanax af botiell Jedwenos ed taum abuid cour be é patses elidw colecenowe af Joie need evad Ynsl.csera gaibeet te ¥ a lao golyxvieo-ilew, inscoset jledt.xuse eft djiw Fonds arg rey Mg wtrcorh eid Sa, \fiavp Dedagit # eitfjacigti? srode sheds qo atlde ens is eresac-sivsi ei? to Yhe oede euolee dolew adovde Bose ,agi¥s,emece ~~ a ot ef ystvotttth yinc edt.soner nied? ysided of evtes Lia #row Je wot siz cac-ber bne beteseid-het puoigdosd aeety : rot od? to olanet bes ofas diod.setew ¢iea odd metl sxas COOF ed? oF ww \jJal @ac 10 eiahsl sat: coceTeee Ste fq emag ec? evad vafoeqa TSM, ho aliso ail. did-ieel¢ odd ac efawel bas elas dzediqao Yaig & erode | «tant eid. aloyrzesal gms “eoo=e00 wol # -smes eps al asetoogs agod sit (oteeta al eolgsdiztelb tleds aiettes aenc! ent weyo acolsayetyes | gcai oe ile no cQuone aoamee asc? Boye? svad et. did-wolley eds te sedd et ss,epeavig sieadd To sodaif{iia¢d edT,eeisea boog Joolios od ebnalel — gecgavolivdo eucey ath yd mens setmoeds ,abild tegso {ase 8 ivgtw eeso end (eJeLa Solistati aid Jo cevisen ong yd" tosuaod hbelieo e%@ 6@ geen etaseqe: s to yttagss eid bebyooos al aeloeqe. {ias-anol edg ; gtidelvantiat> bas Sifted fosreTtib asi Te savaced asolicueb ~ cdg -brooea ed2 eveda ovasso me tant? ert rat eson-ors er. sook Bre 2 } ald? at nommoco eviap ed of opis eeloege & -~ & FP > &« ~ * fa OLY d3 to exnbl« seomqe? sds oF dosed etd moat of Savoty wes eid sot? aognet siw goerib yisv ~aoeats pegaiw-isald edg esil al rt, est. accea aes af olanest eiT-doreq of¢, 05 ee sbilg bierqu me S68 Ce gor sous . ! ect.fer cas olaz end stony ebileys doald « ead base ends cade -gltav ifssuqg mma bowors Fer, qa sede I ged: seats om 7o Ot@ . } tt! a-Jseot, s0ale biie¢s nwoad siyt ~alal > mold aa Fuses oe oe (69) The body was smaller and the formation of the bill around the nostrils aifferent.Maybe a young plumage,but what about the iris?They feed in med- jum-sized trees that bear bunches of very small green berries, something like an elder.One of the natives discovered a nest afew feet off the trail at about 4500 feet.It was quite simple- a small flat pile of twigs and a little moss laid on a small,bare branch eight feet off the ground, Two eggswere present,well incubated.Unfortunately they were broken in the portage down to the camp. The smaller birds that inhabit the higher land are as follows: warbler,ashy fantail,thickhead, large white-eye,green parrakeet,curve-bill, small cuckoo,red-bellied flycatcher, small swift,midget,and black honeysuc- ker.Of these the last five span the range of altitude in the area we are working from sea-level to 5500 feet.Of the little warbler not much can be said except that it possesses a true warble- high and clear;the song of the white-eye is longer but lacks the liquid quality.They are often seen in pairs and are primarily seed-eaters.On the whole it is much like the white-eye in its visible habits.The two are sometimes together- a dozen feeding in the matted liana leaves that blanket ‘the trunks of the larger trees.However,they are not as common as either the white-eye or fantail. These three species hang together as a general rule;when you see one you will probably see another.In larger groups they attract attention by in- cessant calling and lively activity.The large white-eye and the curve- bill can be found most readily in the terrain from 2500-5500 feet.We have observed the latter taking nectar from blossoms;but several stomachs have revealed seeds and insects.They seem to be attracted to the thick,lower bush in the high elevations.When they have been suddenly disturbed I have mistaken them for thrushes on several occasions.The small cuckoo is one of the few birds that ranges at all elevations.Bougainville ic the first island that has yielded such a large series.Its three note call of des- cending sharps is heard everywhere,particularly toward evening.The small, green parrakeet fans the air in the high treetops above 3000 feet,flying about in flocks and swift as arrows.They feed up there with much squeak- ing,Mostly seeds and bark insects;we have also found the little berries (se favored by the long-tailed dove)in their crops.Of the rest- red-bel- lied flycatcher,small swift,midget,and black honeysucker I have nothing new to offer. Bougainville hawks present an interesting array of six spe- cies- black hawk,white-breasted hawk,striped hawk, blue-bécked, white-head- ed(fish)hawk,and the eagle-hawk.The last has been seen severel times but has not been taken.The range of the hawk is s® protracted due to its great cruising power that one cannot put any species in a category of altitude.Still,the black hawk is the only kind taken above 3500.And the white-breasted hawk.The others were collected below 3000.The eagle-hawk I have seen sailing around up about 4000 feet and it surely has the ->. gofetsoxe s1ods s 10: fve taew = bose, .4.0 tevewoH. afoo: ; eyevie ew bna,asen sFoeant ext adtw syedimom oct. bisl? ed? ab eyavis: bas moom en ylevel a oint beuniéace xeddsew efdanowe? edt. atss of sbat¢ w$ ddecxe @leaman on saeniiehla eds ats C1 qravrses. qd abtid SII bere sit te smo&.s0isuloa odni Jnsw Yad. tequa got? Gwen s d Reitiaeg ee 3 ssusced yibesddobay, lier yiev gatqeed od OF Zoot soa bib efxcty at Titus 1 molies odi.atfemiol tmeltottine aciw beoat ew ints eft evad ton #15 68 se gi. bsbsen-dove sev daisW = yi1eds Bor? qu SaaS sass asinitce bosalyites: edz antas yd [edools [itgath Stiinta eno domtg 6 dove at fadt.es of bem] Gic codmet 2 joianua Sne esgneans¢ Bae weqwsq sill ediert To eneks. ~Meeaebro> bealvoude! G& mex? ansetta otesavem bice sacdy To eno davow «Satel —tev S50 -s3071 heviavr a iueda y¢ betneagve oar tIaneaiwegeh side -ebegivne: sco Sas ,Sl ~s0208; boa abtaril, Of -sedenaiiys erie yic J gnak«ssomioece Cet -siceaat bas, Cel -ailtens setav-ce e -offtenes task vinid to eeinede calin-yinewt.colseelion fequs ens aovi betetTsh ovens 2 a5 evii so wot yidlasog,68en2 76, foldets ontesl eid mot? besmeeei¢es ewe lis;,,.so 11 ynata {wo ,sedel= yls befoct-sjisw ofS -erset beteblaned- easetcant eis lequd ga atged oo tee Laxeved.codove eff bos, JoTtag . sit. TU: ebuidyats ent ite lol Jud, Oates cs seta? saemideqs y¢ t9dmea =| wats, ebsei sys-ecine edd, S018 ewoi eildi at be¢aeserget=Liew abuid lias® ‘ama eit Bue setiaid ais to sedéastd ear gxeme sigolt eiseti-at deoda gake + wi tedoJacyli séine boe tosic pomsve eft. scash fre ares cttW.sqed-e aridds wclieet6int J204 ac”. nolteiney (aetaggs omidsiw senshive tasalmor So ssortaud qr1ss Ss ofan Oc S908 yonT. dads Saut et stedossoylt edd 6. Bas aaiguico -mebyuit ssvani ois aot¢aiitdianté most baldcae anivis diate Yiievlo# aso Yeas eveilod lsqstq sleds Gan qed? os {exe aotis ‘e mwotd oft m0 .areis on Moot Dns wol 96 abaed sfed? qeed vened * tebro edt lequa ©) + Siine{q erm TEeRTOT aid, tfe2e%1% Sts tetas? & edt eAtf doum 08 ai +8" yiedt,.eotsce Pittst as beedNould eit. bostevet i “eteved.stse tnelfooxs yw 6 ere sloet $f gandd seddt¢sogtt beLifed-het eit7, so \.setde ot qu eaedt to em. 6eues ased evad oxgsneiqg mwordy te y edd | soo \\gmtqaido eft ot sell {feo at soaegrevil sit. renosecylt 4a eilt sae weet Medotsoylt eds -softostd dgod (ad? efteidw biupti of y ewolLet sade ~t«=~ Seertostd as elidw arots. » gooeltoniId & orittw Dime bel Lies Y edT.cos,stided at oor? oft. eqrido ylteelo,ssling & Be) 'tynea dooeant oes a ¥e ” to tc aot rage nl reget . a9 etdo, cafes Sebbe ste8 eddoids ; gai ¥ vt z ev ati ay ee predrper hy oe P bxt persiw-ylap, ttiwe Bes Ade BAe ans 4 _ oo Hee ‘erode? Tapts gfigaqoolJaii edd eave exude sad sebyipet olde Jeet ef ¥ < 1 ’ w~ 2 —— is What more could be said for any bird than what I have in mind for the long-tailed swift-"silent,solitary,and beautiful in flight" ? You find many around stream bottoms,perched motionless on bare limbs. They like insects,which are caught,no doubt,with much success in their weaving flight.What can I say about the rusty-winged blackbird and the mina? So much has been said already,I can simply add- they are easy to skin. : Regarding the"pitta"or groung-thrush("kokorb!') ,which has al- ready been mentioned,I cannot put down much,only having seen one(on a later camping trip at Tiop- May 2-4)and then just a glimpse.It is the most interesting of the Bougainville avifauna since it is probably pe- culiar to the island.Very light,almost a faded blue,yellowish breast like the land kingfisher,and silvery feathers in the lower breast re- gion under thewwing and in the upper wing coverts.The wings are rudi- mentary for it nests and feeds on the ground(according to the native sa- vants and undoubtedly true).Like the mountain species of thrush this one feeds on seeds and small insects.The head and bill suggest a rela- tionship.It is extremely wary and obtained simply by good luck.The one I saw flashed before my feet on the trail and was gone in the grass and scrub before I could raise my gun.Tutepe must have seen his quarry while he was sitting quiet resting or smoking;else,he did some ingeni- ous stalking because he got it with the aux.They do not range much above 2000 feet.Tutepe shot his at about I800;I saw mine at 2300.The natives of Kupei did not know the bird with any familiarity.Its call I have not heard but is described py ‘the natives as a fairly long whistle,commencing on one note,then raising a note with a slight stop in between,and continuing steady on an ascending scale for about three more notes where it ends fortissimo- hence the name,which is onomato- poeic-"ko-k-o-r-bi".He"sing out all the same". We have been fortunate in securing three specimens of a small screech owl.Two were shot in the daytime and the other caught by a native at night.it is small and in very rich plumage, resembling & specimen from Vanikoro,which was presented by Captain”Bertie"Hall of the Malaita Company's fine schooner"Royal Endeavor" .We have-heard a night hawk on a few occasions;unfortumately none are in the collec- tion.The brown inland water heron has also been identified but not ta- ken.I saw the same fellow twice on a stream branch below Kupei.They sit in the ferns and grass beside the water where they hide their nest somewhere.They are quick to sense an intrusion.Once it flew up close to my feet;I found a place hollowed out in the grass where he had been , hidind.Then, very often,they roost in the lower branches of trees close to the water.The fine male we got up at the grebe pond back of Tiop in May came and alighted on a dead limb and so helped to complete the collection. The varieties of parrots and parrakeets are distributed from the shore to the mountain top in all sizes and colors.The only Species I have seen at 5000 feet are the green parrakeet and the omni- present cockatoo.The large green and re parrots,male and female,and the noisy red coconut parrot range up to about 4000.The few examples that we collected were taken along the shore for reasons of convenience.The blue-headed parrakeet is also present up to 4000 feet. The two larger birds are regarded as pests by plantation managers who are generally 4 to see us hunting them;it seems they often kaikai the young nuts, lling right through the tough fibre and shell.At 3000) feet you begin \oTr: ~~ P Z. : nae i ci - s¢ bald yas sot Stee ed bivos etem gaan $62 mt intiewaed bane, yas! _ca,Jneite’-Siiws befiad=-gnei edd 10? Bates ett ars + wo geclnoltes Semevrec ,amotsed aaetda Bapor Yo2e rere ¢t . ent oO s 722908 & cL iotw, Pdwoh om, Scigueo ots dolidw,atoosnt extiL yout P yeas ove yedd -ihe tigate nae 1,ybeertls bee need ead pencil fectn sat doitw, (Id10d0s" jsut s-gnwety 70 "sttiq"eds zcthusgei . cosmo meee vatved ¢ino,domm awob suq JOnnED 1 benolitaem seed gbaet wis af si.esqetia = dewl mend bre (-S yal -coll Je.qtad eset — Yidadorq ef Sf conte eovelive elilvatequed ens to ant | taserc mafwolley.evld bebsi « Jeomis, Jagtt yreV. baelat edd of tliso e: j3a01%d rewol eis af atosisset yisvila bus ,tedaltgols Bast . love oz aynte eft.edrevoo gaiw Tega edd ni Sane gaitved? wbav evitan eng of gaiiicovussbanots Sas he abeet Sue aveon ¢f Ot ala déavadd to sefoeqe afatavon ect oxitts (euad yibesdvebmr bre a 5 sfer « dneume [itd baa baed sdT.atosent fieme bne-ebeea no aboet eno — % st%-aoul booy yd Uicmiz Seatetde bas yraw Ye txe af I. qidano s eeery Odd mi emog saw bua tess efg qo geet ya sroted beriaalt yireup off meee overt Jace egeiut. ave ye eatst biuoo Tt erotsd : Iengat omoa Sf ox ,ssile; yatsome wo apiiiaet telup gnizile aaw ed efidw || fous esnet ton ob ysdi.ave edg Adin ot Soa ef sausaced se ao eit. 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We apareted and Rareraed the sland frenS te TH ba 5 miles bois ard & mile wide, frtuged with Man * | hal a Ade fovod ey 7 Ateut the ha gerdinns, thes ia tnunriatt thapiwhadioti Lakd Devts cr him Litldl Aetind ard ~ a€l te ahrt ax Vilola “ grewrel feye , th urihee- tAlint Gray. Thre f TA whe 24 ow fre tate. Am toe the ciun’ basin Sur cre nl Lore, oy prahe, th, aectd; FT kspe Le ahest aor Arend % Aesepa, (hower arel Ch Litt Aarrdjayper AL, Cr pe, A pre fuser Arr, [retatl, the Leraer ofa cic. breve La fhe. r~ pray da. che He The akify, The hatte 14 tinsion -tiluca lid Aarel gin WL Le ee a ard converart bndbd Met LO 7 th. fartna, Ke Oe eed Br gn De oh Oh pay eo bad Date aang se SRSLY, 5. A? ~ erat rs Saray rt a ae Medal. 2 Se geod ag he (a soa hat, De aga Roe tan ete aheae prac. ohat Rack Sisal fare eshte Batt Ses Sa celne Mt, anda! each oats, a 4 ph eat Der an uly Whi Swe Renee es = Me aS he ick ND hapead Sues Sa. Saban keh aT 3 . tes ® Sia he word, dane! NOt beads | Sean ® SN iets Bi Sp RN ese Sir 5S, VAAL gett AeA pee bA Rare > aes bei say San cay re cee Yolk Map ead ik ait eee oS) SRL EOS oy sa?) SARE OA aA 4 Wass ceetc Poth ee was Ss Sete ESSE he ra yes =) HEAD am) Roe <5. ves Si ove. SR a iw 4 douse, Bass ae en Dr walt ‘os’ be) hs! os aalpe tre Kane op omen the the ; le shat pie’ Cae 24 erect, eh Ail Anes eeqg Wo Arde, Wercdlartk reiting: ai ctaith plies Bhan ce¥er jtag 7 ee eT Rs si’ imikimi 43aa Z ee ta fuk. pp the Aas ee ard, aa) pacts and eubired fé » eva: on yi we Mr a Pe | va Oe me Cla = her Caen, Ckendirs,, Crnath Tbrmaeth PO kT. fore. | Va ud, “eee, t he half ca.& , vhs Ale orars teidh tig, Agwed Te Guk- wa, & tral bo Cand, here tre otst PS a > ayers - Hy: hike th Seton amabitthe, utah, Labte eee a ete died ink totedahtecha dS * the fe 4 A farce Seman Lalte ia ter a faker. ee 4 eo Are ACaArnce~ 2% east ode tap eeny ie, pete 2a as rhe ad ae +38 Koad > 2 AP ‘e re SOTA AT. 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Wan) ed wha iS nerds fe iar oS. gay A a oe Fann NT a he stom gee ee Cty ah. peri ek 3G cake PRR i va wa Paschal! 2 ee ‘ \ kde ee oy a ae cers Pe eee Neat a, Bebe a 7 s = wy x lk ) ss Tih ~~ Fees = in Arena eee eas Gee wa: . ea a hes Vesggeks pos habia ae a iw coe 20ST 3 «8A Q 4 ee Rewiese ys ear ye FS dy : - rent aly ee ant ce SS Serek Sra kine = a + Byes | i aie rn 065) . chee. 0 atnler etl: Bai ovale af Chad = rig Gd lta Adaline te Rcd 4 ann eg Witt. ; wae cca bs ee hatr%, fee clen oe flowery po the cocgsut polns } the okern y pme te ie Bin. Seidl de Ch tech. th, atch, Cat the the lpo Ant oprctis ; the gray beaded tarut, ia fest plow’ , are lerfor a bens Aud than. the Sinibiiak: i Pars Trica, Dornc ebapirkerg Te, Urthes mee per Caddo, Sep are prment, tt hore kave fet hn; thy, an ane th nual zfrcies ZL ds pst tte Asp beats any corturtgee Cckslor han hewn. addled - a 4 Ops tha Sates ae. a pos Crest This Aird bs pear Sarnaret, and bt pretatl, ~ —. the ) OL OVO eS Fe bac t.dat, the ab Aeicly Miran a6 a, iP hrm een i. th. pi Ausrtores, avd & vere! & f Artiok bry thar puter lad by bai. te ploenth, th. Onn As pra Te Cine abet a Midi Gerster... Le Amie 4 face Cant th - Ks Tan, k)0 ars jour fod As Zerit ive) Act tae Welk Arfee f for Trade, | Oct 25 aad Me, woo toe. 2 hick Aattyn, ene bey ot pies, SS Claw, Ay Lor [402 ag Chee gh o bre trad “/ A Ke pe t~ Al Se cts Artackel hic th Pe SP ee a Mo tin, haloes “le hati wit MNS 2 Fe) naa, GA ay ‘oe eal § | Oe Oe 22 iS sph. ds => C2874 Se or | RAS rs. ‘ Ny Seventy IS She sel vende Rpt tn Ses. i \ ae ne (649) Mond oe gree KS «J ats ve aa? e 1 res SS b < ei Dees, Ses | oon . 4 a. nt y, g A as te - damian brews clea Cow T- bik dich Gin prot -| wren bcd, haviny 0 place 0 te rehame Lalit : d at Phies «ae. bins berber, Lote lait pigerr) and th gre. brane Setomons), There 4 Abas al hlaty shia de ete fez (pacha ba natin; 4 pee eat,» ut thy are And.” Shay ard the teh. - Kencled Lay le- OR ge ae Po sat yok dorm | Me Ge LO eS RE ey al PON Norclar eg, The trchkaTor 64 Lackin, Atrel oon, fise 4 th red (Pere, Ciniihe hate Lil. ‘ ann pkiwse 2 marke Piaus Toon jeite Mewd - Len and 7h Marshall Beuut gronp. Ue dar aa / purchase, TK PEE o, Tew Meg La ten, " rts a ap A 9 LD pray ca 5 aa . oe may . fotrerah satirey WiAsTiz oT Ant th AE PE by Ltn Asre, Beis frre te Fak arn pnt ow! Zi, 2h he Ss A A Marskale TOT Grom. ALL were — YALE ¢ fy os ome a ye "i D ope sa shatgoall Sabet dace ee uh OPT arr rr sy % eee = eens 2 e, syne a Sete yg tay >. ~~ Sy why yn ees Sve Seeds oS aces sata’, OS eee ee —s lei acah a a ar x ‘ ae ge =" S ha ¢ BX Leeds)" Toe, | re Oe Ps: ras my rth “¥ % 4% feet tp SE vs deg, SSN 9s. leepe Vaca Bs eho US elec seh Nh ee yas SS Rody RSs ea ee PERS heals sek aaa . ia Pro eee ys) Ce) “y yaa ax Apne ~ Je i i SMS Ss 2 4 “—e =a ae NN jah AB NSaKT LAG EA whoo ‘ayn sie ane ey TEN ot) Wo eas aba ; ; ‘ a Wey wt FR sh ue C en ror Are Peay: a wok a " = fn fread th sane phi: armbar meagre tn 5 hoe alee uw Ts, ard Wordlak t ballin, id i Bt Chae Ke) tathiarod. Tene, Danid, and Tacks Che kaw « Papuan Lectin) Ae Arete fr thay ee tle Arnsl — Mo belore ete 4 ae OP - a A eth ck ra the plain heck wclbucl, all Alay ancl EP a ae Fhe cde a ee Thi ta th patk Mh, wll follow ; o thor a1 e pee 4 cay i Shad Aw athet wi ford Aega Ate day ; be ane ewe G alowed eo yong oot % sy ak So font aw Oe ne 6 eee Sa se 2 res rai, : SOEs Lor t GS Lsgae. ‘oe td See ae: eddaanbes ibd, ok 2AM Dee pee e Sa eet Sad see = beeerat Sais YY pana a aaa : Yitn eh Shang So Sha Gaba +e vou SEAS Bety Roce. ATR LY Uh vay ead © ASS WR: TSS LP aM aa Pet had, ote hl RSS aes Pave INS Lea as | % % SS ae Yad. oes a SY one ay VAN whet @ L tabled . a eT ee er oe hey TH 4, avd LH ps tonne than Vo cea Makin ovrates hes Ac ‘baw nthe a Aateas Benda hag ex ic. eh c ehA, There a Are Uncloutt- dl, dia fan [rapontn pacer, The maladyent wy Chiiaad by th Method Uliceron han ltr - a atl thei. a nfadlasd hnilecccl aud Atuclered 5 oe Auethy Caos, Ther rr“ ; Sta tacHeare Lut the wteeim bee tt afore TZice ye ied no neeee Avld ¢ ou Matada. L heard a T have he he at A. Wh Cpe, Cocuy ee poet bent. Jon ce anes ie Ke age ard ree Me nada. VEC ge Pe HPD | cco fale hed ya tned Dr. & etme Lf t th x fcc Oct 3/- DMN eC edb tnd atcnl 2 oa. 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Captian etitay Cth flo Lise 4 deiA- 4 Z dcame Abts a Sr Pa iii a Cig: Atts es deer men Z, Fa A Létasrm, Af #t ord iL a ae Fog i ter Dah age hy. shoe ] > 2 Sao ene aes ‘ si ae <0 oe is ah ee » i Yaad v > eae eaen : en oo De «Tag? ek he er) agit Foes ae ee bac Sims s + Ua be are a: a of win: ona B Sore 3 1h | ‘2 ae hdmi Ta Pe ; sf she ee moe jp 3 WELQAR dog | | , -3 a5 +R oak a nae "G | = > ane ek be ay 4 at : | a ae z .. mt 4) 39 Soe cae sh LN oye ere Ye | ry RN. : Pen Seer alias aoa eel 2oF PV DOT ans A 2 Awd fr cere ere, tA od Lor a ehien fete | pier ae tack 4 Time. Worked po at FAM, avd packs SLM. The Kin tugime CA ae poe * At Atm Tove a Agr - Huth AOMLA Than At caf ink Pram Tati~ Lid Bsaded Atits “Coa Mate 6 -t. Vhs wha? A Ciel (526) January 1-I930 Had an early morning row with Manuel and David who came aboard drunk and unable to work.For the nth time all hands are dissatisfied and wish to leave.It would be best to pay them off,especially in view of advices from NY to economize.They expect a raise of three pounds each,all having been on five since June-I928.Four of us can run the ship with a captain,cook,and three Solomon Islanders. No work done to-day. Ms"Carriso"of San Francisco arrived at 8 A.M Weather fine and clear. January -My last radio was dispatched to N¥ on December 23rd and in very urgent terms.No reply yet.I go to the post office or station daily.Lack of funds is the only reason we have not left port,the ship having been ready for sea since the above date;nor can I do any col- lecting in the immediate vicinity until I receive some definite news. I spent some time on board the"Carriso".Captain Drummond will take the New Guinea" teee~ettmbing kemmeroo"for shipment to NY via Portland, Oregon. DPendretcus Grew employed painting and puttying. Weather fine and airy. January 3 A radio came at II o'clock this morning but contained no men- tion of money. b ié I took" Peter",the kangaroo,over to the"Carriso" ; additional shipment includes all the Choiseul birds,the blackfish skeleton,shells, a keg Of miscellaneous material in solution,and considerable mail.This will reach Honolulu in a month's time.The ship sailed at I #.M. Grew variously emp loyed,mostly painting.It is getting diffi- cult to find work for them.Kkxpenses are mounting up and nothing to show for it. Rain storms and sultry heat. January 4 I sent a reply to NY at 7 A.M.tnis morning. The Gov't.Medical Ship"Hygeia"1is proceeding to Kira-Kira, San Cristoval to-morrow and will be back about the [2th.Captain Hlder very kindly suggested the opportunity of picking up Mayr,Coultas,and Kyerdam.It will be effected at considerable saving.Meanwhile I can do some work locally. I had to get permission from my numerous creditors to leave Tulagi.I gave them sworn evidence that funds will arrive from NY before the steamer leaves for Sydney on the I4th. Weather hot and sultry-.Glass falling. January 5 I acquired some stores for the men at San Cristoval.Théese,to- gether with some beer and their mail went on board the"Hygeia"in care of Captain Elder.This gentleman has assisted me on many previous occa- sions and is always ready with any kindness he can offer.The vessel sailed at 9 A.M. Now preparing the"France"for sea.I shall visit Buena Vista Is., north of Ngela(Florida)which possesses tracts of grassland unlike any- thing else in the group.O0n Guadalcanal,the only other island not mainly bush,the grass is different,being high and coarse,a kind of"kangaroo". Returning,we can spend a day or two collecting on the east coast of Plorida Is.,itself and navigate the Mboli Passage. N RE D Oancu Appruss “Musxotrogx Nuw Yoru” WHITNEY SOUTH SEA EXPEDITION THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 77TH STREET anp CENTRAL PARK WEST NEW YORE CITy MusrumM ComMMITTEE L, C. SANFORD, M.D., CaarrmMan FRANK M. OHAPMAN, Sc.D. H. EK, GREGORY Px.D. R. C. MURPHY, D.Sc. FIELD REPRESENTATIVE HANNIBAL HAMLIN, Ps.B. a a oo a = eae EE — — — —— (327) Started the motor at 2 #.M. and the vessel proceeded along- side Garpenter's wharf for water.Mr.Scrymgour,the local manager, very kindly allows us access to two big tanks.Finished with ©50 gals. on poard by 5 ?.M.Restarted motor after having had to fix two leaky joints in the circulating cylinder-jacket line.Anchored in mid-harbor at 5:50 ready to leave in the morning. Weather fine but very hot. January ¢ (Sunday) Hove up at 8:30 A.M.and proceeded out of the harbor under powen Outside we altered course for Buena Vista and pulled up the sails to catch a light southerly breeze which soon fell away.Used the motor all the way for this 20-mile run,averaging a little better than five knote. Found good shelter in a rather large curwede bay on the south-~ ern side and anchored in IO fathomse;quite convenient to shore where grassy slopes and knolls are interspersed with secondary bush and timber Three small settlements of Florida natives were seen in the vicinity of the bay. . It was extremely hot to-day but cooled off nicely at sun- down. January £7 Charlie,David,and I left the ship early.We were ashore all day and collected two birds of interest- the black-knobbed variety of the large fruit pigeon and a black cuckoo(Hudynamis).It is a new locality for both species.The pigeon was collected on Rennell Is.,and reported by David on Nissan Is.,7.N.G.It is the first time I have encountered the black cuckoo in this vicinity.Its distribution through the Solomon group is undoubtedly general. Buena Vista Is., just gmile N.of Florida is about 5 miles in extent HxW with a deep horseshoe bay on the southern side.OQver half the terrane is tufty grassland with sparse ironwood trees,low saplings and bushes.This offered rather rough walking.Forest and secondary bush are found behind the foreshore in many Places extending to the tops of the ridges.All the stream beds I saw were dried up except a few that seep into shaded lowland pools;in these [I collected three species of fresh- water shells.Saw two separate nests of hawks, probably the same species. Both were built in the tops of tall dead trees.I saw two large eagle hawks circling about and one perched close to a nest on occasion. Returned to the ship at 4:30 P.M. Very hot all day. January # & Three hunters ashore at 7:30 A.M.I took one of the new boat's crew with me to investigate the nest I saw yesterday.We saw no hawks about and after a difficult climb found no eggs.The nest was built of sticks laid in the highestocrotch of the central branch and measured about three feet across.It was littered with fish bones and showed no sign of recent occupation.I think it is the nest of Haliaster indus (white-headed fish hawk)rather than the big Aquila. I found no birds inhabiting the grass country.Da vid returned another black cuckoo.I can secure a few more specimens of Mino dumontiti (one Nov.Zool.by Dr.Hartert reported lack of specimens from Florida Is .)/ All on board by I ¥.M.when we h@ve up and proceeded under power out between Buena Vista and Florida Is.,and along the northeast coast of the latter using foresail and jib to advantage. No seabirds sighted.Anchored in Mboli Harbor at 5:45 (Sioto- Soe of Anglican Mission) .Rev.Tempest visited us in the eyven- ng. Weather fine and clear.Ovwercast at night. sels ol sad aheed IN RE . WHITNEY SOUTH SEA EXPEDITION THE AMPRICAN MUSHUM OF NaTURAL HIStTorRY | 77TH STREET anv CENTRAL PARK WEST NEW YORK OITy MusErum ComMiITTEE L, C, SANFORD, M.D., Onareman FRANK M, CHAPMAN, Sc.D. H. EB. GREGORY Pu.D. R. OC. MURPHY, D.Sc. FIELD REPRESENTATIVE HANNIBAL HAMLIN, Px.B. Canin Appnuss “Musxorogx New * , av a. 4 (328) meres i up at 6 A.M.and proceeded under power with native pilot to more convenient anchorage.At 6:10 under his expert direction we grounded on the only patch of reef he could have put us on if he tried. I sent Charlie,David,and Teora ashore with guns.The rest of us worked until the afternoon to get the ship afloat although she struck very easily and only seemed to be just touching the soft coral on the false keel under the bluff of the bow. Rev.Tempest passed in his launch en route through the passage to Tulagi- did not speak. The vessel came off easily with the rising tide.We then spent two hours retrieving kedge anchors and heaving in ship's anchors both of which were in use.Motor used considerably.Anchored in passage about 3 PM. The missionary returned at 5 P.M.and stopped to report no radios for me in Tulagi. The hunters collected several common spectes which were put up. oRaineintermittent during afternoon and evening.NW wind and fal=-): ling barometer. January 9/0 Hove up at 8 A.M.and proceeded under power through the Mboli Passage arriving at Gavutu (opp.Tulagi Harbor)about II o'clock.Had a repair job done on a leaky fuel filter,which developed during the morn- ing's run.The blacksmith made a stock for the port anchor;this has been missing since we left Tulagi. We left Gavutu at 4:50 and anchored in Tulagi by 5:00 No radios for m. No collecting done. Rain squalls durin, night from the northwest. January }@ // No radios during morning. I worked most of the day on the motor,taking down a bearing and polishing the shaft.Discovered another iron to brass connection in the sea-cock which had to be replaced. Crew employed variously. No collecting done. Weather squally from NW.Heavy showers. January 28/2 Received a radio from N¥ which evidently approves the Caro- lines as the next collecting field.No mention of money in the message. This has been one of the worst delays I have experienced.At least, there has been a field Party at work and something accomplished. SS"Duranbah came in at 4 P.M.Gapt.Crookshank reported the three men at San Cristoval returned from the mountains with good results. They were well and about to leave on the AV"Hygeia". Charlie and David ashore collecting but with little success on account of the rain.They returned six mynas and reported hearing the big cuckoo(Centropus). The"Hygela"tied up after experiencing a breakdown in the worst kind of weather.Mayr,Coultas,and tyerdam spent the night on board.I was unable to meet them,having gone over to Makambo to talk to Gapt.Peterson who knows a bit about the Marshalls and Carolines. Heavy weather from the NW and SW.Thick squalls and heavy rain. January 4 /3 Mayr,Coultas,and Eyerdam disembarked early this morning.Their @ollection is excellent and includes several unusual forms. Dr.Mayr is intent on leaving the"France"now for many reasone. After lengthy discussion his attitude changed and he with us.The radio from NY yesterday arrived just in time ey Still -”™ IN RE OaBLe Appunss “MusxoLtoex New Yorx”™ WHITNEY SOUTH SEA EXPEDITION THE AMERICAN MUSHUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 77TH STREET anv CENTRAL PARK WEST. NEW YORK OITY Museum CoMMITrE®r L. C. SANFORD, M.D., OxarrMAN FRANK M. CHAPMAN, Sc.D. H, BE, GREGORY Pux.D. R. C. MURPHY, D.Sc. FIELD REPRESENTATIVE HaNNIBAL HAMLIN, Ps.B, (329) (Jan.I[2-cont.) No collecting done. Weather clear for three hours followed by black rain squalls from the NW. January = /4 bveryone busy preparing mail for the steamer that leaves for Sydney on the morrow.I could not get a message through to the Bank of NSW until this morning.It is necessary for me to get tacit assurance by cable that funds have been received before I can arrange for the crew's discharge and transportation.The Museum might have mentioned money in their recent radios;with definite assurance to hand that a remittance had been sent I could have had the four Polynesians paid off and ready to leave to-morrow. Everyone agrees that the four boys in question will have to go.l waited until the field party returned to talk it over with then. An expensive crew at this time is impossible despite their value as hunters and bird preparators.David is the only one I tried to talk into remaining and I thought I had succeeded until he got off with the rest who changed his mind for him.All want to go to Noumea-New Caledonia to seek employment as sailors.This will be cheaper than sending them to their homes(Samoa and Dihiti)as agreed, provided the governments are will ing. 7 Gharlie and David spent the day ashore collecting and brought in a good specimen of the yellow-legged Columba( previous examples from Bougainville and Choiseul Is.).I noticed in a specimen of the blue- backed("kaloproktos") kingfisher a white spot on the back which is a variation from the usual form taken on the islands to the northwest. Weather improved to-day but still gusty and overcast. January 2/4 Fortunately the radio I was hoping for came through from the Bank of NSW giving assurance of money.I received it at IO A.M.,which gave me Only one hour to make arrangements with the government and Burns Philp.The boys were all ready and since everyone was anxious to see the last of them,we managed with considerable rushing about.I did not have time to pay them off but shall send postal orders to Noumea. It will prevent them spending their wages in Sydney. The difference in fare between Noumea and Samoa or Taihiti is considerable. Noccollecting done. Weather clear during morning but rainy later. January £/¢ Sent communication off to NY giving particulars of the expe- Gition's financial status.I am forced to spend the money just cabled to Sydney and find myself still nearly 700 pounds sterling in debt. This hardly takes into account salaries on board the vessel.To proceed to the Carolines the expedition must be out of debt and two or three thousand dollars in hand at least. Dr.Mayr cabled Berlin that he cannot leave without permission from NY and that he wishes to work-in the Garolines.It is improbable that he will leave now.We might be able to return to America together in July or August of this year. The next thing is to get out of this port for Malaita. am No collecting done.Uthers busy checking their San Cristoval rds. Weather rainy and overcast. January 56 /7 angaged another Santa Cruz native as a sort of engineer's mate.We have five boys forward now- Aravo,Tivo,two"Jackies",and the ' WHITNEY SOUTH SEA EXPEDITION THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 77TeE STREET anpd CENTRAL PARK WEST NEW YORK orry Musrum CoMmMITTER LL, G. SANFORD, M.D., CrarrMAn FRANK M. CHAPMAN, Sc.D. H. B., GREGORY Px.D. R. C. MURPHY, D.Sc. FIELD REPRESENTATIVE HANNIBAL HAMLIN, Pu.B. Canim AppRess “Musxovoor New Yous” y. i i ai (330) latest,Loaba;each at one pound a month and a parallel economy in their rations bill. I continued repairnwork on the semi-rotary water pump in the galley.Took down after main bearing of motor to inspect shaft and found it very dirty and rusty.Salt water has again found its way into the lub- ricating system through small leaks in the circulating water connections which are right over the bearings.All main bearings will have to be dis- mantled and cleaned.At work all afternoon. Mayr,Coultas,and byerdam busy labelling and packing birdskins. No collecting done, i aaa fine throughout. January 2/ At work all day on the motor.Others packing birdskins. I talked over my position as leader with the other members of the expedition and decided it is best for me to relinquish the offi- cial leadership to Coultas.I do not like to do this with the current condition of finances and for this reason only.But with running expenses kept down as low as they are at present I am sure we can pay all bills before leaving the Solomons in two or three months time.The most import- ant responsibility of the leadership is the financial one,especially at this time.All of the staff are to have a proportionate degree of juris- diction in the field work.This change will go into effect to-day.I shall move my quarters into the cabin beside the engineroom as soon as I can. The Chinese cook,Leong On,has not returned for duty since Jan. I5th and has been put down as a deserter;a redeeming feature is that he worked a fortnight for nothing.Aravo,a Guadalcanal native now doing the Grew employed variously. No collecting done. Weather fine and clearisno wind. January i /4 Gontinued work on motor.0thers labelling and packing speci- mens .jyerdam has taken his shell collection ashore for storage in a Chinaman's shed which allows considerably more room in the main hold. No collecting done. Weather fine. January I$ 20(Sunday) Worked most of the day on the motor.I am very slow but it is instructive.Others still packing specimens. No collecting done. Weather fine but rain during night. January 2&2, / At work on the motor.I could not accomplish much in the morn- ing on account of rain. The San Cristoval specimens and the balance of the Choiseul collection are ready for shipment by the"Marsina"on Feb.2nd. Chang Cheong,the Chinese carpenter came along to discuss the payment of his bill. Tivo,a Santa Cruz native recently hired,left to- day:no notice no pay. Intermittent rain continues. No collecting done. January @F22. Took a large case of specimens over to Burns Philp for ship- ment.This clears the vessel of collected material.The manager was not in, therefore I could not discuss the cash loan which must be raised to en- able us to get away.I am well-known in this capacity here;now Coultas will have to learn to wear the cloak gracefully. NO collecting done. Weather unsettled with occasional showers. January 2@ 2.3 Failed to get away to-day due to a pump jamming at the last OamLE Appuxss “Musxotocy Naw York” WHITNEY SOUTH SKA EXPEDITION THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HiISTorRY 77TH STREET anp CENTRAL PARK WEST NEW YORE OITY MusEeumM CoMMITTEE L. CG. SANFORD, M.D., Caatrman FRANK M, CHAPMAN, Sc.D. H, E. GREGORY Pu.D. R. C. MURPHY, D.Sc. FIELD REPRESENTATIVE HANNIBAL HAMLIN, Pu.B. (331) minute,which meant that a whole series of connections had to be taken down to adjust it. The present wage bill on the ship amounts to 4I pounds a month(not including the pay of the collecting staff). Mail for Auki and Su-u,Malaita came aboard from the Post QO. No collecting done.Squalls of rain and NW wind all day January 2 2 + Started the motor at 6 A.M.and the ship proceeded to Garpen- ter's wharf for fresh water.I found the manager of Burns Philp,Mr.Scott, in his office at Makambo and raised a cash loan of forty pounds,which I turned over to Goultas.From this I sent postal orders cowering the wages due the four Polynestans to Noumea.So much of the remainder went in paying small bills about town that I had to get another five pounds, this time from W.R.Carpenter & Co. We cast off at I:20 after lunch and proceeded to Gavutu where we tied up at the wharf.A small bill was paid and Coultas made a few purchases.We spent the night at the wharf much against my will because of former experience with rat invasion. No collecting done. Weather fine. January 2 267 Additional work on the motor did not let us get away until I0:30 A.M. Proceeded through the Mboli Passage under power and anchored off Sioto.We could not make the run across to Auki before dark and the Old captain does not like spending the night at sea.This forebodes trouble both for him and for the expedition.I worked on the motor until dark;one of the pumps giving trouble. No one went ashore collecting.Mosquitoes joined us after dark. Light rain squalls during night. January 25 2 & Started motor and vessel under weigh by 6:30.Cleared reefs and course shaped for Auki.Small flocks of noddies seen en route.sSet head- Sails and foresail to take helping northerly breeze.anchored in Auki harbor before lunch.Capt.Burrell took the mail ashore. Worked om motor replacing a broken stud on alr-charging valve. We have to interview the District Officer before we can do any collect- Ang on Malaita.This is the first time the govrnment has made such a stip- ulation;but, this 1s Malaita.Mr.Wilson, the govt.officer,refused invitation to dinner. Many natives from Auki Is.,came aboard including Paulo and Wai Rong ,@apt.Crookshank's servants who worked in the cabin and galley for us while he was with the expedition. kyerdam ashore after shells.No other cOllecting done. Overcast sky with showers during afternoon and evening. January 2.279 (Sunday{ Worked on the motor until IO A.M.,when Mayr,Coultas,and I went ashore to discuss our intentions with Mr.Wilson OHMS.Hé almost alarming- ly pessimistic about the Ari-Ari natives in the vicinity of the big range in South Malaitaj;and would not give us"a fifty-fifty chance of getting out alive" .~hese people live only for suspicious hatred and treachery which keeps them in constant fear of anything foreign."Why would they miss such an opportunity to destroy a few white men?"Lhese sentiments do not jibe with what I have heard from more reliable sOurces .However,he expects to be relieved very shortly by Mr.Barley,who is a senstble gentleman.Meanwhile bi ee agree with Mr.Wilson and he even accepts an invitation to unch. The settlement on Auki Is.,which numbers I50 people and is the IN RE . CauLe Avpamss “Muszovogy Nuw Yo. WHITNEY SOUTH SEA EXPEDITION THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 77TH STREET anp CENTRAL PARK WEST NEW YORK OITY MusEumM COMMITTEE L, G. SANFORD, M.D., Cratrman FRANE M,. CHAPMAN, Sc.D. H. E. GREGORY Px.D. R. CO. MURPHY, D.Sc. FIELD REPRESENTATIVE HANNIBAL HAMLIN, Pa.B. vi (332) largest of the fortified island villages in the Langa Langa Lagoon, is commencing a kind of New Year's festival to-morrow.Bushmen are coming down and there is to be feasting on pigs and vegetables,dancing,and the shark-feeding ceremony. I continued work on the motor during the afternoon. AK"Auki" arrived with Mr.Barley on board. Kyerdam ashore after shells but no other collecting done. I have heard the black cuckoo(sudynamis)several times. Weather rainy and overcast. January 2724 (ex-Kaiser's birthday) Dr.Mayr and Kyerdam ashore with one native.Z finished off work on main motor and tried to fix the water pump in the galley which yre again refuses to function.Coultas remains on board having an open sore a) with very few birds;a common snake,a frog,and one phalanger brought in. During sfternoon we all attended the beginning of the festival on Auki Is.,which is to last three days.These people are heathen but the pristine quality of the dancing is marred by the wearing of calico,felt hats,ete.It proved too darkly overcast to do any photography. Uncertain weather with northerly wind and rain. January 2824 Byerdam and I ashore at 6:30.I returned at 9:00 with a few specimens in order to make some photographs on Auki Is.,both still and motion picture.All hands returned on board for lunch.Coultas and I con- tinued with photography during afternoon until 4 P.M.Mayr putting up birds.We have not noted much subspecific variation yet. The much-touted shark-feeding episode proved rather uninter- esting:the offal derived from the slaughter of pigs was thrown into the water from the built-up walls of the village and several sharks came along to devour.There were a half dozen small fish or reef sharks and only one large one(about $ feet long).We watched an interesting dance whach was followed by a community feast of baked pig. All hands putting up birds until suppertime.We paid another visit to the official residence to discuss the possibilities of an in- land camp in South Malaita.The presence of Mr.Barley and Major Sanders, who is in charge of police here,altered the attitude of the govt.as previously expressed by Mr.Wilson.We were advised to go in from the Su-u side, proceed slowly,and get out on any intimation of trouble.This is quite fair;and shows Mr.Wilson to be an alarmist.We returned aboard to help Eyerdam finish the birds. Fine during day with some rain at night. January @& 30 Lost air starting motor,so hove up and proceeded out under sail with light favoring wind that died about IO A.M.I worked all day trying to start the auxiliary compressor engine without avail.Under sail all day wind falling away completely at sundown.A land breeze from the hills gave us a good lead during the night. A few terns sighted. Weather clear and fine. January 30 3! Vessel hove to off Su-u about I A.M.,drifting in a calm sea, I took the wheel at 6 A.M.when we were 8 miles off the land,beating in with the land breeze.I got the compressor running about noon but we were anchored by I o'clock.The entire Malayta Go.,staff came off to visit us: G.Adams,Mr.Aldington,the manager,and Messrs .Wilson,Archer, Speers,and Ralston. At work on motor all afternoon. No one ashore collec . &veryone attended at dinner with the manager. = IN RE ; Caucez Appumsa WHITNEY SOUTH SEA EXPEDITION THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 77rtH STREET anp CENTRAL PARK WEST NEW YORK OITY MusEUM COMMITTED L, G. SANFORD, M.D.,'CrarrMan FRANK M. CHAPMAN, Sc.D. H, BE. GREGORY Px.D. R. CC. MURPHY, D.Sc, FIELD REPRESENTATIVE HANNIBAL HAMLIN, Pa.B. (333) AK"Ruana"left for Tulagi at II P.M.taking all our mail which 1s to catch the"Margina"for sydney.In this NY will receive full exposition of our financial situation.We have been short of funds since leaving Samarai in July-I929 but I cannot make NY aware of it. Febrercat Weather continues fine. January 31 7 engine Mayr,iyerdam,and/ one native ashore early.I remained on board to take the ship alongside\the wharf where we filled up with fresh wa- ter.I dropped an essential/part down into the bilge where anything is uretrievable and spent the rest of the day trying to make a replace- ment.Unable to use motor.The ship had to be kedged out to an anchor. Hunters returned early.with some-subsp.novs,Zosterops and My 2 la cert er niall: sel species/of wide distribution,Worked on birds at night s{hree men from ashoreé/came off\ to cngrm har. iN Weathe . fine a}i day ;rainy’a thunder. storms ‘om NW during n ight “a * , n va . é » _ snl — o* _ Bebrusry 2 Curses ry Mayr, Bbyerdam;andone-fhative-ashoré Until 3° P.M. E-worked Put up birds from 4 o'clock.New subspecies collected to-day include a representative of the black fantail(Rhipidura)and Domicella;Monarcha menadensis and Myzomela common hereabouts in the lowland forest;the rep- resentative of Trichoglossus appears to be smaller on Malaita. AK"Veronica",a govt.ship,arrived at noon.Major Sanders, in charge of police here,m board."Whisky",the headman at the local vil- lage,has been consulted about carriers for the latter part of next week. The Major promises his assistance if we have difficulty. Mr.McCrimmon,who cuts local timber here for a livelihood,says the natives on the western slopes of the range inland from Su-u are scattered and quite harmless. Weather fine with some rain during night. February 22 (Sunday) Worked to finish motor in order to start hunting to-morrow. Mr.Aldington,the manager,took the keys of the company's shop to Tulagi with him the other evening,so I could not accomplish what I had hoped to. We visited ashore in the evening. Mainly fine but some showers in the afternoon.Barometer low. February 5 Ashore all day with others.I followed the Kwairiekwa river for some distance and passed through two gardens 3 or 4 miles inland but saw no natives.The terrane is moderately rough covered with forest trees and the usual dense undergrowth; undulating ridges flank the river bottom,rising to 500-800 feet in increasing elevation father on.The Kwairiekwa is a main lead to the big range of mountains;and was used by the trans-Malaita punitive expedition last year.The soil is partic- ularly rich on the hill slopes;noted abundance of reddish clay and some serpentine rock formation. I collected a Micropsitta(subsp.nov.) ,Grauculus lineatus ,and several small birds,all fairly common.Was unsuccessful in obtaining ex- amples of the two larger species of flycatchers,both undoubtedly new representatives; did not hear any thickheads calling,they are probably at a higher elevation.I met several pigs in.the bush which appeared to have strong domestic strain.Obtained some insects and one green lizard. Other collectors returned numerous birds.We worked late pre- paring them. Some rain during day but fine at night. IN RB WHITNEY SOUTH SEA EXPEDITION THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 77TH STREET AND CENTRAL PARK WEST NEW YORK OITy MusruM CoMMITTER r L. CG. SANFORD, M.D., CnarrMan FRANK M, CHAPMAN, Sc.D. H. BE. GREGORY Px.D. R. C. MURPHY, D.Sc. FIELD REPRESENTATIVE HANNIBAL HAMLIN, Pa.B. f — (334) February -* © AK"Ruana" returned from Tulagi this morning which meant that I could use the engineering shop.I remained ennboard to work on the motor. No mail brought back for us. . Three local natives out shooting with Hyerdam and numerous common birds collected. We worked late on the specimens. Glear during morning;some rain later and at night. February_5 & Ashore collecting only part of the day.Spent the rest of my time in the engine-roon. Three natives out shooting along with Mayr and Kyerdam.Three new representatives returned: Monarcha"arses"(blackhead) and Aplonis grandi,the large starling;a small grey and black Edolisoma(” pseudo- montanum")also appears different.The larger graybird(sdolisoma schisti- ceps)evidently does not vary. +o Weather unsettled and rainy;storms making up from the NW. February & / Intermittent rain all day.I finished work on the motor and greased bright parts for lay-up.Spent most of the day moving into my cabin forward. Kyerdam and four natives ashore shooting with good results. Two species of Ptilinopus taken,both of wide distributionnthroughout the group;only one kingfisher so far-Halcyon chloris.Chalcophaps stephani is com mon along wooded coraline foreshore. ) Worked on specimens during afternoon and evening. Rain at night and wind from NW and WNW. February 7% Ventured ashore but failed to cross the Kwairiekwa in flood to get inland.Returned to ship ver|wet.byerdam and four natives col- lected a few birds.The native shooters have taken to the collecting well after a few day's trial.We are filling the series of common specie: before making a camp. Worked during afternoon and evening skinning birds. Heavy rain during night with strong NW wind. February & 7 Rainy all day.Four natives ashore with Kyerdam.Birds to skin on board morning, afternoon,and evening. Vessel straining at her anchor in heavy swell. Heavy rain and NW squalls during night. February ¥ /0 (Sunday) The ship dragged her anchor during squalls and close to shore at daybreak.Started motor and hove up to shift to safer and more comfortable position. Two natives out shooting despite bad weather but with rather poor result.OQne Eudynamis cuckoo returned in juvenal plumage.I went out. with Eyerdam to examine nest of the common rail or coot(Porphyrio)} It was made in the branches of a low tree not more than I5 feet high, the upper part covered with vines and leaves.The nest was 6 feet above the ground and well constructed out of small twigs and liana.It was well concealed although located just off a much-used native track.The sitting female must have been disturbed often;Byerdam frightened it off _ the nest on two occasions.The clutch contained five eggs which were taken.An overcast sky and the position of the nest shaded by overhang- ing vines and leaves made a photograph impossible. February i // Heavy weather continues from the NW in intermittent driving IN RE : Casux Apprxas “Mo WHITNEY SOUTH SEA EXPEDITION ? THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 770" STREET anp CENTRAL PARK WEST NEW YORK OITy MvusEuM ComMITTER ; ‘ L. GC. SANFORD, M.D., CrareMan FRANK M. CHAPMAN, Sc.D. H. BE. GREGORY Px.D. R. C. MURPHY, D.Sc. EIELD REPRESENTATIVE HANNIBAL HAMLIN, Pu.B. (334) 325 rain squalls. Kyerdam and four natives ashore collecting for about six hours.There are always birds on the table to be prepared;the Polynesian skinners are missed in this department.A small pigeon was brought in which Mayr insists on calling"Ducula dubia" ;I consider 1t a young rubri- cera or possibly a variant. Continuous rain during night. February #@ /< ; Bad weather still holds out.Qvercast sky with wind and rain from NW and NWxN. Four natives werergiven guns for the day.styerdam also out collecting;his interest in shells alone would never permit him to remain on board.Results very good considering the weather;but many of the speci- mens are badly shot or wet.We are kept busy putting them up;the series of common species are filling up.There is not a great number of differ- ent speeles;so far,we have found nothing absolutely unique. About 300 skins from Malaita up to date. Heavy rain all night. Pebruary #2 /0 Headman"Whisky" and carriers refused to leave this morning. Mayr and I had expected to get off on a reconnaissance trip inland.Four native collectors out returning some 38 specimens,mostly common. Kyerdam doing carpentry work. Rainy all day in the usual gusty squalle from the NW. February 23 / + After preparing gear Mayr and I left about I0 A.M.with a dozen carriers.We crossed the first ridge at about 2000 feet and des- cended to cross a stream.On the opposite side the land rises to over 3000 feet.The carriers refused to go on although we could haveseasily made it before dark.Mayr and I took a bath while two boys went out to secure a pigeon for supper.One of them shot a fine female Accipiter albogularis.We collected numerous insects some of them apparently most unusual. : Busy putting up specimens at night.Qur present elevation is I600 feet. Weather fine and clear. February I4 ’’ On the way early and crossed the stream at IIOO feet.We soon reached the highest village on the opposite slope which proved to be I400 feet only.The locals say there is no water higher up and we must hunt from here.Mayr undertook to make a good camp while I ascended the mountain to see what elevation I could get and what new birds,if any. Two natives left for the coast taking a communication down to the ship. I started about I P.M.and climbaito 3400 feet(by aneroid}). I found true mountain forest and the ground very rocky.Collected thickheads,white-eyes and flycatchers but neither saw nor heard a single new species.There is only one really high range on Malaita which is in the vicinity of Mt. Kolovrat(Ad.chart or Govt.map);we must make a camp on its slopes to get the mountain birds. I found one man living with his family at 2400 feet but he would not welcome a ny hunting in this section because all his pigs, run- ning about wild in the bush for some time. have been Returned to camp by 6 o'clock.Put up birds after supper.- Weather fine and clear. February [5 © Mayr and I decided to get out while we have the carriers. There are no tracks that lead farther inland and the hills do not seem IN RE ‘ CasuLe Apprass “MusxoLoey Naw Yorn” WHITNEY SOUTH SEA EXPEDITION THE AMERICAN MUSHUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 777u STREET anp CENTRAL PARK WEST NEW YORK OITY ~ MusEumM CoMMITTER 2 L, CG. SANFORD, M.D., CoarrMan FRANK M. CHAPMAN, Sc.D. H. BE. GREGORY Px.D. R. C. MURPHY, D.Sc. FIELD REPRESENTATIVE . HANNIBAL HAMLIN, Px.B. bad (335)—336 to hevhighyenough for mountain birds.We packed up and started early. On the road we met a native with the Mataram mail and a letter from Goultas.There is an anxious letter from Burns Philp and much data con- cerning the four Polynesian natives recently sent to New Galedonia.It appears that their identification papers were left in Sydney and the French Customs will not allow them to remain. Mayr has received news from Berlin that urges him to leave the expedition as soon as it is convenient. We reached the coast about 2 P.M. SS"Mataram' anchored in the harbor.Mayr and I discussed his situation. , I also wired the British Consul in Noumea in effort to pacify the French auth- orities until I can get some official word through from Tulagi.I was busy writing letters aboard the steamer until I A.M. All specimens collected up to the beginning of this week were shipped on this steamer numbering about 350 from Malaita. Steamer sailed at 2 A.M. No collecting done. Fine weather continues. February 167 (Sunday) Mayr has decided definitely to leave us. I spent the afternoon getting the moter ready for the trip in to Tulagi.Had another heated argument with the captain.I made a @ammri whe mistake in him;and have decided that he is the most disagreeable and inefficient man we could have selected. Hove up at I0:30 P.M.in heavy rain.The captain set the course WxS before the vessel had cleared the land so that we nearly struck the northern point of Kwairiekwa bay. On watch all night in the engine-room.Set headsails and fore- sail during ee of raim and variable easterly wind. February Ff / % Weather cleared up toward daybreak.We anchored in Tulagi harbor at 8:40 A.M.,ten hours from Su-u. Mayr went ashore to dispatch a radio to the Director of the Berlin Museum, o I spent the day getting advice through to Noumea about the discnarged Polynesians.After much fretting,Capt. Kidson, the Govt.Sect'y., sent the following to the British Consul at Noumea:"_ ___two Samoans, ___two Tahitians sent Noumea via Sydney discharged seamen schooner France | Whitney Expedition at their own request at expense of expedition. I have previously wired about the identification papers left in Sydney. Went to bed at 5 P.M.rather tired. rye weather during day. February 16 / Rens came for Mayr from Director Zimmer of Berlin Museun- “Return advisable" .So our estimable associate will depart on a French freight steamer leaving Tulagi via ports for Marseilles on March 5th. I should like to leave now also since this blasts all my Plans and my real reason for remaining.But I should like to see the fi- nances in a better state ;and it would make the expedition rather short- handed on Malaita. «We ought to be clear of debt before June or July. I went over to Gavutu to purchase some oil at Lever Bros. store .A youth named Riddall approached me about getting accommodation on the"France"as apprentice to anything .This is not my first experience of this kind.I could only refer him to Coultas. Weather fine. No collecting done. IN RE OCasceu Avpaass “MusmoLoer Nuw York” WHITNEY SOUTH SEA EXPEDITION THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 77rH STREET anv CENTRAL PARK WEST NEW YORE OITy MusEumM ComMMITTEB L. GC. SANFORD, M.D,, CxatrmMan FRANK M, CHAPMAN, So.D. H, EB. GREGORY Pu.D. R. C. MURPHY, D.Sc, FIELD REPRESENTATIVE HANNIBAL HAMLIN, Pua.B. eo SCCS—SS—— _ = (PHO)237 February I9 ~ j Mayr busy packing. I dispatched a radio to J.R.Clay & Co.,Samarai,owners of a yessel which would be much more suitable for our work and more economi- cal to run:"Are you interested in"France"in exchange for"Royal Endeawor" if unaltered.Install Deutz motor at yourcexpense."If I had been a bit later in leaving Samarai last July I might have~ made: the exchange iat that time.The"France"is a cumbersome soft-wood cargo carrier masquerad- ing as a yacht;and the"Royal Endeavor"is a fast,compact,yacht of hard- wood construction being used in the copra trade.The amount of money spent operating the" France"for the past years could finance two such expeditions in smaller and more efficient vessels.And in less time. Goultas will be difficult to convince on the proposition of exchange .The possibilities are very remote at this time anyhow.Captain Burrell dec- lares he will not take over command of any smaller ship.I think that the sooner we can get rid of this ancient mariner and sea-lawyer the better for us. We are discussing little else beside the future of the expe- dition.Rather we should be in the field taking advantage of the dry spell. No collecting done. Weather fine and clear. February 20 2 / Purchased a 2nd hand oil separator from a machine shop ashore. It is in good condition.and ought to save @ in lubricating oil consump- tion. = I dippatched a rdio-to the Bankoof.NsWienquiring:my balances- Packed upvsomevethnological specimens to go to the Museum.Worked on the motor cleaning up. No collecting done. Weather fine. February eI * © Installed o1l separator with help of Eyerdam and completed work on main engine. Four of the boat's crew left to-day.Insufficient food and in- sufficient pay is the complaint.Two replacements were hired by Coultas t later in the day.From now on the crew problem will Godemempe Jo paramour No collecting done. Weather fine. February 22 -.° Continued work on motor.The routine work on a well-maintained deisel consists of cleaning ceagmmén essential parts.Sent two cases of ethnological material over to BP's wharf-Makambo to go to NY with Hyer- dam's cases of shells. One Guadalcanal native engaged as boatswain with another as sailor which completes the crew complement for tne present.A Chinese applied for the engineer's job asking I2 pounds a month and keep. I have communicated all the necessary information to Coultas from Dr.Murphy's letter of November 30th,1929.I have suggested that it would be more economical and more convenient for the Museum to have Kyerdam work New Caledonia as a land expedition since he is anxious to leave in order to join the woman he is to marry.My arguments have al- ways been in favor of the Garolines for this expedition.In regard to obtaining a smaller vessel,Coultas thinks the"France"too good a selling proposition for the final wind-up of affairs.In my opinion the" Royal Endeavor is a better ship than ours as they are found at present and will sell better in two or three year's time.However,the chance of an exchange is very remote. No collecting done. Weather continues fine. February 23 ©" Wrote some letters to-day. IN RE * Caste Appruss ““Mcsnotoer New Yor” WHITNEY SOUTH SEA EXPEDITION THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 77TH STREET ann CENTRAL PARK WEST NEW YORK CITy MusEuUM COMMITTER L. G. SANFORD, M.D., CHarrMan FRANK M,. CHAPMAN, Sc.D. H. BE. GREGORY Pux.D. R. C. MURPHY. D.Sc, FIELD REPRESENTATIVE HANNIBAL HAMLIN, Pa.B. (gO) 232 Another application from shore for the engineer’ s job,this time from Gapt. Elder of the Govt.Medical Ship'Hygeia".I know he is not serioud and would be dissatisfied.All the Huropeans who have been eager to join us do not realize what life on this expedition means. Weather fine. February -24 2 © Another radio arrived for Dr.Mayr from Herr Zimmer, Director of the Berlin Museum-"Decide for yourself.No danger staying Longer." Having determined his course Mayr is intent on leaving. Coultas and I talked to Capt.Kidson,the Govt.Secty. about the possibility of the Government allowing the expedition to take a crew of Solomon Is.,natives foreign for a year.Coultas will have to write a formal petition and the Resident Commissioner will consider the matter. After a farewell to Mayr, we hove up at 3:40 P.M.and pro- ceeded to Gavutu where we stopped alongside the wharf while Coultas made some purchases at the store.Under weigh again by 5 o'clock.The captain wanted to anchor at Mandoliana on the Florida coast for the night because the wind happened to be HSH and slightly unfavorable. We insisted that he carry on.He has never shown any aptitude for sav- ing time;the mainsail was unbent while we were at Su-u and has been down below ever since.He uses the motor continuously and is still wait- ing for a fair wind. Course set for Su-u.Self on watch in the engine room,the others having to take turn about with the wheel, February @5 *° On watch driving until 4 A.M.when the captain lost his bear- ings completely,having picked up a light which he thought to be on the Malaita coast and turned out to be on a moving vessel.He instructed me to shut down and hove to until daylight.The so-called boatswain recent- ly signed on added to the difficulty by steering an unknown course for two hours of his trick. I slept a while and was awakened at daylight to start the motor.The captain could not determine any land marks although quite close to the coast and was reluctant to take the assurance of some of the crew that we were well north of our destination.Coasting along to the south’ ard we soon picked up Su-u and wore alongside the wharf at 8 A.M. to take in fresh water at the manager's good favor.Qut at anchor by IO o'clock.Here I caught some sleep. No ft done. Weather fine. February 26 The headman is uncertain about carriers;about 20 are suppos- ed to show up to-morrow.Three native hunters out most of the day. I wrote letters all morning to go into Tulagi for mailing to-morrow morningia long one to Dr.Murphy and others to W.S.Tait & Co., and the Bank of NSW.Worked on motor after lunch and prepared skins after the hunters returned. Ashore for dinner with the others and returned on board to work on birds. Weather fine and clear. February 2f » ° Three natives out shooting which produced about 20 birds. No carriers available yet.Put up birds during afternoon. We were ashore in the evening and Mr.Aldington,who operated the"Royal Endeavor"for the Malayta Company,imparted much information about the ship and- Ah hig recommended the exchange,if it could be ef- m fected.The conversatio ad a favorable résgult on Goultas . Weather fine. Ossie Appress “MuszoLogy Nuw Yoru” WHITNEY SOUTH SHA EXPEDITION THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 77TH STREET anp CENTRAL PARK WEST NEW YORK OITY MusEuM CoMMITTER L. G. SANFORD, M.D., CrarrMan FRANK M. CHAPMAN, Sc.D. H, BE. GREGORY Px.D. R. C. MURPHY, D.Sc. FIELD REPRESENTATIVE HANNIBAL HAMLIN, Pa.B. (8B) 539 Prt ctet >| Paved on left-over birds in morning and then engaged myself with the motor. epunsiiatien \ : pemounid Ups Omen ear } | phere. 1 et ae - - No hunters out to-day.Coultas and kyerdam attended a funeral read at an inland village in search of carriers.I worked on the motor. The local missionary,Mr.Humphries(South Sea Evangelical)came off to dine | on board.Coultas and Kyerdam returned at 7 P.M. clear weather except for one thunder storm about 2 P.M. “yarek? 2 (Sunday) Helped put up a few birds collected yesterday afternoon by kyer- 4 in ot A dam. Govt.ship" Veronika" arrived at 4 P.M.with Major Sanders on board and a surveyor.The former- promises he will have 25 carriers for us on the beach to- morrow morning. Weather fine but overcast at night. March 3 Coultas and Kyerdam left to make a camp inland at some village on the Kwairiekwa river I P.M.The dictum of Major Sanders produced re- sults. I shall wait | for a reply to my radio to Clay- Samarai concerning the"Royal Endeavor"which should give us something definite.In the mean- time I assisted the others in getting off and then tinkered about on the motors’ AV"Malaita"came in about midnight and I received my one Will consider your proposition next slipping(dry-docking) Papua’. Clear during day with some rain squalls during night. No collecting done. March 4 Packed my gear and left on yesterday's trail with three carriers following Kwairiekwa river.Saw four ducks(Anas supercil.pelew.)and shot two.Reached the abode of Coultas and Lyerdam at 5:50 P.M.klevation ap. [300 feet on a ridge close to the riverj;nothing over 3000 in the vicin- ity.Arorla,a village beyond the headwaters of this river is the place we want to reach.This is in the center of the Ari-Ari District and near the range of Mt."Kolovrat"which is the highest om the island. Assisted in putting up a few small birds.Seweral good examples of land shells and insects have been collected. No rain but overcast sky ell day. March 5 Found a local native who knows the way to Arorla and is willing to go with me in attempt to make connection with ex-policeman previously recommended.We left at 8 o'clock and followed the Kwairiekwa for four hours.in route we met three citizens of the district around Arorla and picked up another native who lives on the river.The three foreign natives had heard we were camping across the range and had comecever for a cas- ual visit to investigate.I distributed tobacco and told them what we wanted;after much talk they agreed to join forces and accompany me to Arorla where we can find the policeman and get some carriers.Rather rough g0Oing in the river or on the bank at about I000 feet elevation.We left it about 2 P.M.and climbed over the first high range- approx.3300 feet. I neither saw nor heard any mountain birds .Descended to Toho village,the first which had been destroyed by the punitive expedition.It consists of five houses,newly built,and about 30 people.From here one can view the Kwairafa valley;this vied flows out on the coast about IO miles south of Su-u ° IN RE Canim Avporass “Musmotogy New York” WHITNEY SOUTH SEA EXPEDITION THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY . 77TH STREET anp CENTRAL PARK WEST NEW YORK OITY MusEuUM CoMMITTER L. CG. SANFORD, M.D., CrarrMAN FRANK M, CHAPMAN, Sc.D. H. EK. GREGORY Px.D. R. O. MURPHY, D.Sc. FIELD REPRESENTATIVE HANNIBAL HAMLIN, Pu.B. 99). FO The inhabitants seem quite friendly,one old man in p art- icular that I later recognized as a sort of medicine man.He will join our party.along with two others;they provided sweet potatoes for supper and a somewhat delapidated house for shelter. The terrane on this side of the range has always support- ed a large population which continues well ever to the east coast of the island.Since the punitive party and"Malaita war"many villages have been moved.The spurs below 2500 feet are covered with secondary growth which igs noticeable as old garden and village sites.The formation is unusually recky;but for the most part the typical reddish soil. Rain began to fall about 3 P.M. At night after kaikai I was given a lot of advice by my companions about care and discretion in dealing with the men living around Arorla.I acquired much information concerning the punitive expedition and its results. No collecting done by me.Weather cleared up at night. March 6 My party now numbers seven.After a breakfast of sweet potatoes we left Toho and descended to the Kwairafa river.Pollowing this stream for about a mile we crossed at an elevation of 500 feet.This I should judge te be very nearly the middle of the island.Here we started a long climb passing through several villages around 2000 feet.Rain commenced at 2 o'clock.The people of these settlements regarded us rather suspiciously as we passed by.No one spoke Gardens and secondary bush seem to predomi- nate.We made Arorla shortly after 5 and I was stationed in an outlying house after the occupants had been politely asked to leave.Two of my fellows insisted on standing outside with guns(I have two with me) .One pounded out several calls on a big wooden drum,the usual hollowed-out tree trunk while I made effort to dry out my clothes, In about half-hour's time abparty of fifteen men hove into sight on a trail leading into the bush in front of the house.All appeared to be armed with something or other- a club or bush knife;there were three old Snider rifles.Then emsued a parley with my men and two came inside to interview me.One of these proved to be the man I had been told te find,- "Charlie"Bubomai.As we talked, others came in,tobacco was passed around, and the Sniders,etc.,were laid down.This show of strength and the method of parleying with a stranger I judge to be a kind of formality,emulat ing the customary practice of the recruiters on the beach who used the cover- ing boat and the armed salutation up until about eight years ago.What I witnessed to-day is a survival of it with no particular purpose ;they did not imprese me by their display that they were on their guard and not to be trifled with.I told Bubomai what I wanted and he said he would try for carriers to-morrow.I anawered questions on all sides which seemed to emu- late from sumphewen rather than curiosity. Susp icon oe No collecting accoupl ished RETH cont iauea throughout night. arc Not many locals are interested in working as carriers because of the long distance back to the Kwairiekwa.Bubomai declared we should have anchored the ship at Sinerango or Ulimburi.Arorla is only about eight hours from the east coast.The high mountain*we want to establish a camp ‘m bears NNE from here and is known as"Torombusu"(Kolovrat on the charts). There are no settlements above 2000 feet on its slopes;but a route is known to its summit which can be followed from our present position on the Kwairiekwa.The name Torombusu evidently means something about wind. Bubomal tells me this is the first time Arorla has been visited by a white man alone.The Catholic Fathers have been to places on the western | side of the Kwairafa.The people of Arorla did not run away into the bush phn basen ashy expedition arrived which saved the place from be ing estroyed.It was used as a base by the Govt.and many of the inhabitants acted as guides.Some districts ehind Tacka Tacka ane Uru are Patras EEE re IN RE - Ossie Avpress “MusuoLocr Nuw Yoru” WHITNEY SOUTH SKA PXPEDITION THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY a4 77TH STREET any CENTRAL PARK WEST 4 Pe NEW YORK OITy MusEruM CoMMITTEER L, C. SANFORD, M.D., Crarrman FRANK M. CHAPMAN, Sc.D. H. EK. GREGORY Px.D. R. C. MURPHY, D.Sc. FIELD REPRESENTATIVE HANNIBAL HAMLIN, Pu.B. (B46) 2 &/ to be unsafe by myxuinformants;but that is foreign territory to these folk and such reports are always questionable.Arorla has been visited once by a govt.patrol that brought rice around to these districts which were short of food after the punitive expedition withdrew.In apprehend- ing the natives concerned in the Sinerango affair the police killed pigs and destroyed gardens wherever they saw fit.Food production has not yet come back to normal,taro especially lacking. Bubomai insisted on taking a gun out to show me how well he could shoot but the ¢onsdistentrrain made collecting impossible.The terrane hereabouts is vexyy poor for birds on account of the abundant secondary growth.Arorla is on a hilltop at an altitude of 2700 feet(aneroid)and one must go two or three miles to find the true forest country. I am kept well supplied with,potatoes for food. No specimens brought in. Sainy, overcast weather continues. March 8 Natives have been reluctant to offer themselves as carriers. Charlie Bubomai had 9 this morning.Decided to leave since we may be able to pick some up on the way back.We left Arorla at 8 A.M. and descended to Kwairafa flats where potatoes were dug for the journey.All hands had a bath in the stream and then up creek bottoms and divergent spurs reaching a small village which contributed two carriers .Continued on through old villagedsites and stopped at a house at the foot of the hills that give rise to the Kwairékwa on the other side.Now about 3 P.M. 80 we called a halt.I went out hunting and got a phalanger,a large fruit- bat,and a common pigeon which I cooked for BUPPOr+ 4. ° In the villages passed through I met with no” hostility. Practical- ly all the women and the old men go about wholly naked and quite uncon- cerned.There was no display of weapons after the first episode of Aror- la;the govt.has recently destroyed most of the spears,clubs,bows & ar- rows,etc. I am sure we shall have no difficulty with the natives of this district other than the question of temperament in bargaining and other minor things. Laaiobereduene—phekenger be fore..asking omy ustel meal-of potatoes, Fine weather until after 4 P.M.when it commenced to rain. March 9 Prepared the fruit-bat this morning before breakfast.We were on the road by 9 o’clock,crossing a small tributary of the Kwairafa short- ly after.Then up over the watershed by a different trail from the one I used coming over.Here I shot two crested pigeons(furcaena crassirostris) and the widely-distributed Solomon cuckoo(Cacomantis) .We reached the Kwairiekwa at an elevation of I500 feet having crossed the range higher up the river than before.Here we connected with a party of eight from Toho,additional ca rriers,which was a welcome surprize.Arrived in the camp at Erigomano village by 4:30.Coultas and Eyerdam much pleased with the prospects having found very little in this district. Many interesting insects and land shells have been collected but no new species of birds since this zone is of lowland elevation. I fed the carriers and had them quartered in a local house;then assisted in preparing skins until 9 P.M. Weather fine throughout. March I0 Goultas left for Su-u at 6:30 taking all specimens collected up to date in this camp.He is to bring back additional rice, tobacco,ammuni- tion,etc.,and several ef the Arorla carriers will wait here to take the stuff on.Local boys accompany him to the coast. ‘ Four hunters out shooti with poor results .Nothi new brought in; however, many series of commons pec ies are well filled. ” IN RE Casncye Appress WHITNEY SOUTH SEA EXPEDITION THH AMERICAN MuskUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 77TH STREET anp CENTRAL PARK WEST NEW YORK CITY MusEuM ComMMITTrEn L. CC. SANFORD, M.D., Cuatreman FRANK M. CHAPMAN, Sc.D. H. EK. GREGORY Pu.D. R. C. MuRPBRY, D.Sc. FIELD REPRESENTATIVE HANNIBAL HAMLIN, Pua.B. “ MusmoLoer New ¥ eS PIPE) Sh 2 Kyerdam and self worked on birds at night.The Arorla carriers had a rest to-day. Glear during forenoon but some rain later in day. March II Byerdam ami. left with I4 carriers at IO A.M.,taking nearly all the gear and food with us.We had to pay the owner here for the use of a house,for potatoes,water-carrying,etc. Followed the same Kwairiekwa river and moving slowly began the climb over the range about 5 P.M.Rain threatening we were fortunate in getting the flies up to get under cover before it commenced.Fed the car- riers on some potatoes purchased en route this morning. No collecting done. Rain during night. March Ie Awoke with the beginnings of a bronchial cold.Had to give the carriers rice for breakfast which leaves about 4 lbs.We broke camp at 9 o'clock and after crossing the range got on to an old trail which took us over several ridges and on to the slopes of Torombusu where we had difficulty in finding a camping place at 4000 feet.From the Kwairi- ekwa we turned in a general westerly direction which loeates this moun- tain unquestionably as"Kolovrat" .Cleared heavy timber and set up two double flies.Water $ mile distant.Finished making camp about 4:30. We are in the true mountain forest and already have heard the small parroquets and identified two species of highland birds:a brown fantail and a zhi oscopus .The natives describe others,one of which is undoubtedly the Black-winged Ducula pigeon.On the way up here today two good specimens of the small Edolisoma(" pseudomontanum")were collect- ed. The carriers made what meal they could on the remaining rice,a large tin of meat,and some biscuits.Dry firewood is difficult to obtain in this aréa where most of the ground and vegetation is covered with dank moss and the mist hangs low most of the time. Rain commenced about 4 o'clock;weather cleared during night.I am uncomfortable with my cold which is no better. March I3 Nothing to feed the carriers but some oatmeal this morning.I put up birds while Kyerdam and two natives went out shooting.Other boys off to some village down the mountain to obtain a supply of potatoes. Goultas arrived with hie carriers and supplies about II A.M.The hunters came back in the afternoon with several new species for Malaita: green parroquet(Charmosyneps4, brown fantail(Rhipidura" rufocastanea") and the mountain Ducula.We were at work preparing these until 9 P.M. My cold has settled in my chest and gives me a raw cough. Rain during the day,light and intermittent. March I4 Five natives out with guns at different times returning many de- sirable birds,two new additions among them- the Phy loscopus and a highly- colored pric eqast(Gksahenseitl | Usere are plenty of willing hunters but few good ones;they are paid in tobacco for what they bring in.I have been preparing specimens constantly.Coultas and Kyerdam are on the same job.We-want to run as large series as possible while the weather is in our favor.An unusually large domestic cat was shot which illustrates to what extent these animals have adapted themselves to the bush.They have gradually found their way into the most remote inland villages since their introduction twenty or twenty-five years ago and the progeny being for the most part neglected readily forage for themselves and assume atavistic habits.I feel certain that this process has led to the extermi- nation of Microgoura meeki on Choiseul and probably on Ysabel and Malaita IN RE CauLE Apprass “Musovooy New York” WHITNEY SOUTH SEA EXPEDITION THE AMERICAN MUSEUM oF NATURAL HIST 77TH STREET ann CENTRAL PARK WEST ORY NEW YORK CITY MusEuM ComMiITrENE L. CG, SANFORD, M.D., Cuarrman FRANK M. CHAPMAN, So.D. H. KE. GREGORY Pu.D. R. C., MURPHY. D.Sc. FIELD REPRESENTATIVE HANNIBAL HAMLIN, Pua.B. ( Pa) 243 hés€ if the species ever inhabited thése islands as reported.I think I am correct in saying that most of the cats were brought to the islands by femmbe missionaries and this began between [905 and [9I0O. I prepared the skull of this specimen and labelled it as a mat- ter of interest. Numerous visitors came to look us over from villages in this vi- cinity including some very interesting characters;I neted the same air of suspicious curiosity. Weather fine throughout. March I5 Five native hunters out all day returning much desirable mater- 4al.The red parroquet and brown fantail seem common enough; Ph@loscopus and the green parroquet are not easily found.Bothespecies of parroquets feed in flocks;but the green ones have fewer individuals and are more active.They frequent the high tree-tops,and are consequently difficult to see when the mist hangs low on the mountain.One of the widely-distribu- ted Columba vittiensis was shot to-day.The black-winged Ducula and long- tailed Macropygia are common in this area.Certain species are probably of totemic significance to the nativee judging from their talk.Various clans or moities are represented.Birds taboo to various natives I have question: ed include the big Aguila eagle-hawk,Graucalus papuensis,and two or three round species which I take to be a rail,a deve ,and possibly the thrush Turdus choiseuli). This is an excellent locality but cramped and uncomfortable liv- ing especially for making bird skins.Last night we heard an owl which the natives describe as"no big fella too much", evidently Spiloglaux.We are collecting insects all the time and one snake was taken the day we arriv- ed which I have net seen befere in the Solomons.Land shells will add up in big series before we are through. Additional natives visited the camp to-day,all from this Ari Ari distract;some from the slopes just behind Ulimburi on the weather side of the island.Certain ef the original carriers are still with us.The staff of camp retainers numbers about [5 and the persennel changes as they come and go.We have to buy all the sweet potatoes offered te provide the neces- sary hospitality which is casually expected.However,this crowd furnishes shooting boys,wood-gatherers,cooks(in sufficient number to spoil anything) and water-drawers.I expect that when the novelty of the situation wears eff there will not be so many. I have decided to leave to-morrow morning with two natives for Su-u in order to return additional ammunition and other supplies that are needed.My cold is no better and causes me lack of sleep and general dis- comfort.Another consideration which has been sounded is that these Ari Ari carriers will take considerable persuasion to ge the long way back to Su-u when the opposite coast is so much nearer.Coultas and Hyerdam agree that they can work out the high land while I take the ship away to the outlying islands off the Malaita coast returning to Ulimburi(about oppo- site Su-u on the eastern side)to rejoin them.This will cut down our work- ing time in addition. All three of us have been busy putting up specimens daily with no time for anything else.Weather clear during morning so that I could et bearings from the top of the mountain- Nura Is., 9 5°H};Marau Sound Guadalcanal Is.) § 20°H.Rain began to fall after 2 P.M. March I6 Packed up all specimens and my gear ready to leave by 9:30 with two volunteers who will bring ammunition and supplies back to the camp from Su-u.We reached the Kwairiekwa river shortly after noon and stopped at a village below Erigomano,the former base. IN RE Oamix Avprnas “Musnotocr New Yorn” WHITNEY SOUTH SEA EXPEDITION THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HIstT 77TH STREET anp CENTRAL PARK WEST ORY NEW YORE OITy Musrum ComMiITTER L, C. SANFORD, M.D., Onareman FRANK M. CHAPMAN, Sc.D. H. BE. GREGORY Pu.pD. R. C. MURPHY, D.Sc. FIELD REPRESENTATIVE HANNIBAL HAMLIN, Ps.B, (BS) SF No colleating accomplished by me except some insects. Weather fine and clear. March I7 Picked up one box left by Coultas in a house near the river. Nothing remains at KErigomano where I stopped to see if some’ things which Goultas could not carry with him had been returned to Su-u by some of the boat's crew as he had directed. Rain commenced at 2:30 increasing to downpour.We got out to the coast by 3:45 and went aboard the schooner where I got into dry clothes. Unpacked and rewrapped the specimens I had brought down. Captain has been painting the ship after burning off and is near- ly finished. No collecting done by me. Wea ther cleared up at night. March [8 Packed up the supplies needed up in the bush and sent off the two carriers at 8 A.M.Also paid off a casual"work-play"boy who has been hanging about the ship and remunerated"Whisky",the local headman for his services .Squared up our account with the Malajta Company;they have sup- plied us with many necessities and have offered every available assist- ance ° Started motor at 3 P.M.and proceeded alongside wharf to take in fresh water.Finished by 7 o'clock,made adieux,and cast off.Southerly course set to pass Cape Zelee.Captain ill with attack of fever.Sea fair- ly calm but heavy rains.Self on watch all night. No collecting done. March I9 Cape Zelee in sight at dawn and course altered for Ulawa Is. Wind came away from the north and headed us until we made the lee side of the island about I F.M.Sutalahia Anchorage very exposed to this weathe- er.Coasted up to NW end of Ulawa (Ngorongoro)and dropped anchor outside inner harbor while captain went out in longboat to sound and inspect the very narrow and tortuous passage.The"France" must negotiate this to lie in the only possible harbor here.Decided to try it and succeeded after about an hour's work using both motor and kedge anchors.The ship touched three times on isolated stones;the false keel eliminated any possibility of damage .We found no swinging room inside and had to put down both anc- hors and lay out two kedges to keep the vessel in position. The manager of the plantation here is away;no other white people on the place.Qur success in manoeuvering the ship into this Little cove proved fortunate for both the captain and myself.He is truly “emt to sa spell of subtertian malaria;and {I also have an attack with the miserable gastric complications and a heavy cold as well. No collecting done. Strong NW squalls and gales during night. March 20 Captain a little better to-day.Self very 111 and unable to get out of bed.Crew continued with the painting around the ship. Numerous natives cam aboard. No collecting done. Overcast sky and variable northerly winds. March 2I Another bad day of fever.Captain much worse to-day.Neither he no I can stomach any food and have to lie -cmmowmetsuminay. 57///. Plenty of natives in this district;no trouble to get hunters. Fresh wind from the NE made the vessel strain at her moorings which had to be adjusted during day.Some rain at night. No collecting done. March 22 Gaptain and self still ill;but I am somewhat improved. IN RE Canty Avprnss “Mcsmovoor Nuw 3 WHITNEY SOUTH SEA EXPEDITION THE AMERICAN MUSEUM or N ATURAL HISTORY 77tH STREET ann CENTRAL PARK WEST NEW YORK OIry Musrum ComMITTER L. GC. SANFORD, M.D., OnarrmMan FRANK M. CHAPMAN, Sc.D. H. KE. GREGORY Px.D, - R. C. MurpHyY, D.Sc. FIELD REPRESENTATIVE HANNIBAL HAMLIN, Pa.B. Rs ( pante) KS Aravo,the cook,has joined the sick list with fever and a cough. I got up in the afternoon and took some food.Some of the locals brought along fresh vegetables and fruit to trade. No collecting done yet on account of sickness and bad weather. Overcast all day and strong NW wind. March 23 (Sunday) Gaptain still down.I went ashore with my gun but saw very few birds and nothing unusual.I find myself weakened from the fever bout and so returned on board the ship having collected some land shells. Mino dumontii,Domicella,Trichoglossus haematodus,and Rhipidura tricolor melaleuca were the only species I noted.Ulawa reaches an elevation of approx.I300 feet and is basicly volcanic.Coraline limestone is common around the sea-coast.It is densely wooded and there are no trails up to the high land from our anchorage .Three villages are near at hand but their gardens are near the séa and they do not have much occasion to go very far inland.Ulawa Is.,is not more than eight miles in length and from four to six in breadth with rather regular shape.From the NW side the natives have made trails up the mountain on top of which there are report ed monolithic remains of interest.I shall not be able to visit them. No bird specimens collected. Overcast weather continues with NW wind. March 24 Captain still sick;and another sailor,which puts three in dis- ability.I am better and spent the day ashore where I observed more birds than I did yesterday but only shot one Nycticorax.Small birds are not rep resented here at all.I had several normally intelligent natives about me to-day and I brought them aboard to see the Malaita specimens.They could not recognize any of the flycatchers,fantails,honeysuckers, or kingfishers one would expect to find Omran island of this size.In addition to species noted yesterday I can add the following:Halcyon albicilla saurophag., Ginnyris jugularis,Lorius pectoralis, Demiegretta sacra,idolisoma schisti- ceps(common graybird),Aplonis cantoroides and Ap.metallica;Graucalus papuensis,Haliaster indus,Aquila,Ptilinopus superbus(red-breast dove), and the two species of Ducula.Pseudeos{red coconut parrot) I did not collect any of these widely-distributed species even for the locality. Heavy weather continues;rain squalls and wind from the NW. March 25 Three hunters ashore all day despite stormy weather.They returned a few common parrots which are of no interest.Several Apecies of land shells have been collected inngood seri es.I have put up very few speci- mens and shall leave for the mainland as soon as the weather turns favor- able.We cannot visit the Three Sisters.Of these there is only one small island not completely planted with coconuts and this one is some few miles away from the only anchorage.The captain does not want to take the ship there;probably because it would make a little more work for him.He does as little as possible and has never shown any interest toward assisting the expedition. Stormy NW weather throughout day and night. March 26 Captain recovered from his fever,we made the ship ready for sea and marked all the stones in the entrance to this little harbor with bouys Got under weigh by II:30 A.M.with three kedge anchors and the motor. Cleared the passage and anchored offshore in heavy swell,the captain be- ing unwilling to proceed until to-morrow morning which will get us to Maramasike(South or"Small"Malaita)in good light.I am due at Ulimburi to connect with the Camping. party on April [st. IN RE dese bey “ WHITNEY SOUTH SEA EXPEDITION THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 77TH STREET anv CENTRAL PARK WEST NEW YORK CITy Musrum ComMMITTER L, C. SANFORD, M.D.,, CxarrMan FRANK M. CHAPMAN, Sc.D. H. E. GREGORY Px.D. R.C. MURPHY, D.Sc. FIELD REPRESENTATIVE HANNIBAL HAMLIN, Px.B. ro _ ( ie) TKS Qne of the crew still sick and unable to work.My bronchial cold remains but is much improved. Fortunately,no strong wind during night,but light and variable from NW to SW. March 27 Hove up and under weigh at daylight making for Port Adam(west coast of Maramasike Is.);used motor continuously.Overran entrance bet- ween Haleili and Mary Is.,which lengthened the run nearly two hours. Entered passage at 2 #.M.and turned north but found no good ground and proceeded south inside barrier islands looking for anchorage convenient to landing .3 P.M.grounded on reef through utter carelessness in naviga- tion.The plan of the place was made in I850 and we had no Look-out aloft. Spent the rest of the day trying to get off without success.Since it was nearly high water when we struck,the vessel was s0on in very shallow water.due to receding tide. The captain decided to wait for the night tide.He blames every- body but himself for the accident. No collecting done. Rain during afternoon and at night. March 28 I turned in last night expecting to be roused by the captain to help at refloating the ship as soon as the tide came up.He says he got up to have a look but decided to wait until daylight.Meanwhile the ship is slowly filling up with water because she lies canted forward with dry seams under aupface.Most of the supplies in the main hold are wet including ammunition and corn meal.The engine sump and crank pits are full of salt water which means a complete take-down.All hands busy pumping and bailing from 6 o'clock until 2 when we got her dry.Attempts with kedge anchors have failed to move her.I swam around the stern with diving glasses and found that about I2 set’ of the keel 1s embedded in soft coral. The captain having no suggestions I went ashore and got about 60 natives to come out in canoes.These set about to breaking the coral around the keel with crowbars, marlin spikes,etc.,with a promise of a case (I5 lbs.) of tobacco if they helped us get the vessel free.Forty of them got underneath the counter and along the keel to lift and push while the rest heaved on the kedges at a given signal.She came off quite easily. And the whole mob yelled for five minutes,- because they had won their tobacco, Vessel at anchor by 4:30 P.M. I sent some of the crew over to look at the bottom and they reported no visible damage ;another case for the false keel. Overcast all day with heavy rain in afternoon. No collecting done. March 29 Worked all day drying out cartridges,corn m@éal,collecting gear; and turned to on the motor which required about eight hours to drain out, clean up,and put in order. Crew worked in main hold and the captain restowed lazarette.Dur- ing this process two rats were caught.This is another discouraging piece of intelligence, ami the result of spending the night alongside Lever Bros. wharf at Gavutu on Jan.23rd. I talked to some of the local boys in the evening about birds and showed them specimens.Many of these they could not recognize and it is evident that"Small Malaita"does not possess a large bird population.They mentioned none I could not aAdentifyefrom their description. Weather clear and het with one shower during forenoon. No collecting done. ne . ee, IN RE ese WHITNEY SOUTH SEA EXPEDITION THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NaTURAL HIstory 77TH STREET anp CENTRAL PARK WEST NEW YORK OIry Muvusrum ComMITTER L. GC. SANFORD, M.D,, Cuarrman FRANK M, CHAPMAN, Sc.D. HH, E. GREGORY Pu.D. R. C. MURPHY, D.Sc. FIELD REPRESENTATIVE HANNIBAL HAMLIN, Pu.B. \ Ss) TX 7 March 30 Hove up at 8 A.M.and proceeded out upper northern entrance of Port Adam setting course for Takka Takka(Deep Bay) .Wind light from &; set. sails to some advantage but motor used continuously as useual.Saw flocks of terns feeding off entrance to Maramasike VPassage.We were de- layed by a stoppage of the motor due to water in the fuel.Anchored in Deep Bay near a stream that falls directly into the sea;this is a re- markable harbor and could accommodate a small navy. Went ashore about 4 o'clock to bathe and wash clothes. Mr.Walker of AV"Korombusu"recruiting ship visited us. Heavy rain during night. No collecting done. March 31 Thick mist ever bay during morning accompanied by light rain. Crew loading fresh water.Weather cleared at moon.Hove up and proceeded under power making for Ulimburi(Double Bay) where we are to connect with camping party.Anchored at 5 ?.M.This is another remarkably fine harbor. We have been taking advantage of any sunlight to dry out cartridges,corn- meal,etc.I have been busy labelling Malaita specimens. Some of the local natives came off. No collecting done. Fine weather all day;some rain at night. April I Presh early morning land breeze from NW.To-day we continued dry- ing material that remains wet from our experience on the reef. A native of this district who was in the camp for a while en Mt. Kolovrat(Torombusu) brought a letter from Coultas.The collecting is not nearly finished due to bad weather chiefly.He intends shifting the camp from the high mountain to Arorla where he will stay until the series are complete.He is in need of more ammunition and other things which I made ready immediately;these I dispatched during the afternoon by three local natives after the usual bickering .They will reach Arorla to-morrow. Hove up at 5:30 P.M.and proceeded out of harbor setting course for Gower Is.,25 miles NE of Malaita. Clear weather and calm sea. No collecting done. April 2 On watch all night driving motor.SW breeze came away at dawn as we sighted Gower.Saw several dark shearwaters and another which I identi- fied as perhaps Pterodroma becki.Lowered the small dinghy to chase them after stopping the motor.Much to the chagrin of the captain.But I could not get close-eet+hem.We continued on for Gower but a hot bearing forced a stoppage about noon.Course set for wrong end of island for anchorage, an Obvious mistake.Tacking to little adwantage against NE breeze.Re-start ed motor at 3:15 P.. M.and made for Sk end of island where we located the bay indicated and came to comfortably in IO fathoms. 4:30. No natives seen;villages inland with fishing houses on the beach. Weather fine.Hot and calm at night with mosquitoes. No collect- ing done. April 3 Ashore att7:30 and met natives coming out to the coast.Gave out two guns and collected until I P.M.when I returned on board with a dozen birds to put up,leaving three native hunters out shooting. This little island has some unusual forms.I found the black-knob- bed pigeon common and the only representative of Ducula on the island .#* This adds another locality for this rather strangely distributed mutant: Rennell Is.,Buena Vista(and Florida -no specimens from the latter),and reported on Nissan but none secured.A new Ptilinopus related to species On Rennell and Santa Anna Is.is present with distinctive variation.In addition to these I put up several common island flycatchers(Monarcha _ IN RE >. | abet Camtx Appuxes “Mosovogy New Yous” - ~~ ae WHITNEY SOUTH SEA EXPEDITION THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF N ATURAL HISTORY 77TH STREET anp CENTRAL PARK WEST NEW YORK CITY Musrum ComMIT?T EE L, C. SANFORD, M.D,, Crarrman FRANK M. CHAPMAN, Sc.D. H. BE. GREGORY Pnx.D, R. C. MURPHY, D.Sc. FIELD REPRESENTATIVE HANNIBAL HAMLIN, Px.B. 7 - ‘ —— (Fr) SKY norma ue ye hunters brought in morerbirds at 5 o'clock.Trichoglossus is represented by form that appears smaller than most.I was kept busy skinning birds until a late hour. Weather fine and clear. Apesd Three guns out all day.I remained aboard to put up Bbecimens until 4 P.M.when I went ashore to make additional observations.I note several common species:Kakatoe,Chalcoenas nicobaricus,Ghalcophaps,stepk ani, Pandion halisetus,Halcyon sancta,kurystomus orientalis,Halcyon albicilla saurophag.,and Aplonis metallica.One species of fruit bat is present .Charadrius dominicus is common and runs about in the gardens quite close to native houses.A rail 1s described by the natives. Gower Is.,is only 4 miles NNE x SSW and from one to two miles wide.The formation is complétely coraline limestone and the hédght of the island does not exceed 50 feet.It is densely forested throughout and the ground inland is very fertile judging from the excellence of native produce.Near the southwestern side there is a large lagoon en- tirely enclosed which probably connected with the sea at one time.The island is callea"Dai"by the natives who number about fifty.They origin- ally came from North Malaita and still carry on active trade with coastal people,especially those of the Tai’Lagoon.There is considerable fishing done in addition to the cultivation of the two staples- taro and coconuts.Chinese traders call occasionally to buy shell which is obtained on the fringing reefs;these are of no great extent.Water for drinking purposes is collected in holes in the coral. About twenty birds were returned to-day including a good number of doves.They kept me busy until a late hour. Fine weather continues. Aprt “15 I went ashore early with three natives and secured a rail.This is evidently Gymnocrex sp. and is heard generally at early morn and toward evening,-"kong-a-o",which is the native name for the bird.With several other specimens I returned to the ship to prepare them.I am not taking any of the widely-distributed species in order to concen- trate on the new ones. Native hunters returned about 4 with good bag;I sent them out again to search for rails at dusk and again early to-morrow mornings It is a good opportunity to make a good series of this rather rare species.Ranging over the small area of this island one is almost sure to hear them calling,usually at their appointed times,during six or eight hours hunting.Like most ground birds it is difficult to get a shot at one.The natives have both pigs and dogs;these do not appear to have affeeted@uthenbird life to any degree.Fortunately,no cats are pre- sent. Busy putting up birds until late at night. Weather fine but hot. April 6 (Sunday) The four hunters were out early this morning having kept the guns ashore last night.One small boy brought along another rail.Later several doves and pigeons were returned.Another sally toward evening yielded three more rails,one badly shot.£tilinépus and Trichoglossus are gOing into large series.Land shells of three species have been coming in daily at a stick of tobacco for the dozen. Putting up specimens day and night. Weather fine with light Sk breeze. April 7 Four guns out early as usual resulting in a complement of doves, pigeons, parroquets,and one New Zealand cuckoo( Urodynamis taitensis}). var : IN RE Cam Avounan “Moaoroor Nay WHITNEY SOUTH SEA EXPEDITION THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HisTory 777m STREET anp CENTRAL PARK WEST NEW YORK OIry ae Mvusrum Commirres L. G. SANFORD, M.D., CrarrMan y FRANK M. CHAPMAN, Sc.D, H. E. GREGORY Px.D. . ma R. CO. MuRpPHY, D.Sc. : : 7 FIELD REPRESENTATIVE HANNIBAL HAMLIN, Pu.B. (ge) FFF I caught up on the birds by noon to-day and worked on the motor during the afternoon making ready for early start to-morrow.the even- ing's hunt returned three rails which gives us a faily good series.All together nearly ninety specimens from four days collecting. Patting up birds at night. Wind fresh from Sk with occasional squalls. Aprétb 8 Hove up at 7 A.M.and proceeded out under power clearing reefs in thick rain squall.NH wind died and then shifted to SH which forced us to beat all day.Manoba Is.,off NE coast of Malaita in sight by 6 P.M.Motor used continually until 9 o'clock. Saw severalishearwaters during the day but could not try for them. Stormy weather during the night;vessel made little progress. Aprak 9 a Called by Captain to fix steering device which had become disar- ranged.Ship about abeam of Atta Cove.Started motor at 9 A.M.Dirty weather all day;wind light SB and BS with several heavy squalls,one carrying away the outer jib sheet.Captain asleep from IQ A.M.until I when we were just past Cape Arascides.From here we made a good ccurse to Ulimburi,an- choring at 5:25 P.M.Saw isolated shearwaters,- about a dozen at different times(Puffinus pacificus chlororhynchusfand another smaller bird,dark witk white Meiaroidel biesadenan becki)i;impossible to lower boat because of bad weather and short-handed crew. Ga prrtrr-tas® .peEteitrestenaewiCe=e-ehe Kyerdam came down from the camp at Arorla yesterday bringing all specimens which we unpacked and put away.He had several birds to be pre- pared,shells,insects,etc. We shall return to Arorla to-morrow,taking more ammunition and some food. Overcast sky;cool but no rain during night. April [0 Morning taken up finishing work aboard ship.Kkyerdam and I landed at 2 P.M.with ten carriers he had brought down including the faithful and most useful"Charlie" Bubomai.Climbed nearly to the top of the first ridge and slept in a small village. The terrane rises rather suddenly behind the brief foreshore and is of mixed porphery formation with an abundance of coraline limestone intermingled.From about 800-I000 feet we passed through numerous patches of secondary growth indicating old garden land. No collecting dene. Rain during night. April II Breakfasted on rice and started by 8 A.M.,crossing at 3500 feet by noon.The typical mountain forest begins at about 3000 ;again I noticed the rockiness of the Jandscape.I[t is not so pronounced on Torombusu, the big mountain.Coraline limestone is predominant,especially on the eastern slopes of the region we are passing through.Bird life seemed rather sparse We met two natives on the trail who had a few 8pecimens.These we took on to Arorla where we found Coultas at work.35 P.M.Praetically all the series are well-filled,even up to fifty specimens in some cases.Over 500 skins have been made during this trip inland.I should like to have had more time -at the Porombusu camp at 4000 feet ;however,I do not think the expedi- tion has missed much.We cannot stay more than a week longer for many rea- gons,- Principally food shortage on the ship;in camp one can always get native food. Assisted with bird preparation.Hunters returned at 5 o'clock. Rain commenced about 4 continuing into night. April [2 Four natives out with guns all Gay They are not shooting the com- mon species which we have well represén : IN RE OCamtm Appenas “Musxotogy New York” WHITNEY SOUTH SEA EXPEDITION THE AMERICAN MuUsEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ‘ 77tH STREET anp CENTRAL PARK WEST NEW YORK OITY Musr5um CoMmMMITTER L, CG. SANFORD, M.D., CrarrmMan FRANK M. CHAPMAN, Sc.D. H. BE. GREGORY Px.D. R. C. MURPHY. D.Sc. FIELD REPRESENTATIVE HANNIBAL HAMLIN, Px.B. ( he) ISO One Strix alba brought in by a native who wounded it with an arrow when he saw it sitting in its hole high up in a big tree.Many of the lo- cals had never seen this bird before.The rarest species in the collection to date are:Spiloglaux sp., Ceyx lepidus -Additional specimens are needed to fill good series of the following :Micropsitta, fh4loscopus , Charmosynop- sis,Graucalus lineatus. At work with others putting up birds. Weather fine and clear. April I3 (Sunday) Three of the hunters went off to visit their villages some miles distant taking their guns with them.One boy brought in three fruit bats which gives us a series of II.Another small owl returned but so badly shot that it could only be put into alcohol.No mountain birds taken to-day.The collectors have to go about two hours in order to get into xpxhighland forest,the terrane around Arorla being covered with garden land and second ary growth.About the only mountain bird that is readily obtainable here- abouts is the brown fantail(Rhipidura"rufocastanea").Certain species of birds are taboo to natives connected with clans that enforce totemic ex- Ogamy.This seems to be its significance to the cursory enquirer.Most of these taboo birds have not yet been taken; judging from the descriptions given by natives we have a ground pigeon or dove( possibly the yellow- legged Golumba),a rail( possibly Gymnocrex solomonensis as found on Gower Is.),and a thrush(apparently either Turdus or Pitta) .There are others (previously mentioned) ;but these are the most desirable. Coultas labelling specimens ;kyerdam and I preparing recently col- lected material. Weather fine and clear. April I4 Hunters returned during day with a few birds,-nothing of interest. The novelty of shooting has worn off and like mest natives,they grow list- less.One must continually urge them on, promising rewards for rare speci- mens .To-day we added a few more fruit bats to the collection and two phalangers. Clear during day with some showers at night. April I5 Busy making up skins all day.Thevhunters came in to be paid off. As a final effort one contributed a new representative of Aceipiter hio- gaster(?),a well-developed female.Contents of stomach- two small lizards and the remaine of a frog.The stomach of Strix alba contained the fur and a few bones of a rat.A good example of Urodynamis taitensis was taken and this is an unusual locality.More fruit bats and a phalanger in the dark phase,and a female Cacomantis.This is about 60 grams heavier than the male.In the intestines of a male collected sometime previously on Torombusu we found parasitic worms,which is not unusual in this species. In addition to Accip.albogularis and hiogaster(the one taken to-day) ,ano- ther is described by the natives.This may be the male of albogularis.The local people are of great assistance sometimes in this way;but their Dictorial talk usually leads to the discovery of some very common form. However,most of the species mentioned as"taboo"should be on Malaita; in fact,it is surprizing that we have not found one or two of them at least. Weather fine and clear. April I6 Made up packs and after much bickering and waiting got off from Arorla with fifteen carriergthree of them women.IO A.M.Rain began to fall as we got out on the road and continued until 2 P.M.We crossed the east- ern range and descended to a village on the slopes where we spent the night.With a caravan one always moves slowsy. N RE ; 5 CaBLx Appeass “Musxovogy New Yorx” WHITNEY SOUTH SEA EXPEDITION THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 777TH STREET anvp CENTRAL PARK WEST NEW YORK OITy MusrumM CoMMITTREE L. G. SANFORD, M.D., Crarrman FRANK M,. CHAPMAN, Sc.D. H, E. GREGORY Px.D. R. C. MURPHY, D.Sc. FIELD REPRESENTATIVE HANNIBAL HAMLIN, Pa.B, 37 I find myself rather weak and got into the blankets with a touch of fever. No collecting done.Strong Sk wind during night with bursts of rain. April I7 r On the road by 9 A.M.reaching the Govt.Tax-collecting House by noon.Alone and with good conditions one could make the hike from Arorla to the coast in 8-IO heurs.The distance to either Ulimburi or Sinerango is approximately the same from our camp. All on board by 3:30 where we found the captain i111 with fever (sub-tertian gastric) .We plan to leave to-morrow.Assisted with the un- packing of specimens and worked on the motor anticipating early start. No collecting donesWeather fine but misty at night with some rain. April I8 i My condition much improved with good night's rest.I had a job to finish on the motor and could not get started on time.Captain attempted to gail out of the harbor but westerly breeze off the land fell as the ship approached the outer reef passage and forced him to put aboutitoire- turn to the anchorage under light southerly.Hove up again and proceeded out er power setting course to round north end of Malaita.All sails set wet wind light and variable from the south'ard.Stepped motor at 5 P.M. Took deck watch from 6 to IO P.M. Passed Manoba Is.A/C to West. Saw a few flocks of noddies,some sooties,and a few gannets. Fine and cool during night. April I9 Gape Astrolabe well astern at dawn and course set SW/W to pass through passage between Florida and Buena Vista Is.Using motor from 7:30 A.M.throughout run.Good weather and fairly calm sea until 4 P.M. when wind and rain squalls came away from the SE.Cap tain decided to anchor in lee of Olevuga Is. 5:30 P.M. Byerdam ashore to look for shells. No sea-birds of interest sighted during run.But just after Eyer- dam had left in the small dinghy a dusky-cebored storm petrel came into -It flew about the harbor at quite a distance from the si was toodark for me to distinguish any identification. J Weather c@ared up during night. April 20 (Easter Sunday) FrLoot Kyerdam ashore early with some of the crew to collect shells and shoot pigeons.I had a pump gland to re-pack;finished by 8 A.M.and vessel under weigh by 9.Wind SE dead ahead all the way in to Tulagi.We passed through several heavy squalls.Anchored in harbor about I P.M.,but too close to the shore.Washed down and cleaned up. All of us had dinner at the hotel.Captain stayed ashore all night. April el! Severe squall caused vessel to drag her anchor and come up with the keel bump ing the bottom and foul ground all around.This awakened me at 5 A.M.and I hurriedly got all hande to the windlass to heave the ship up to her anchor and out of shallow water.Started the motor and shifted the vessel around to the inner harbor(EKllis cove)which is protected from the 8H and affords the only comfortable anchorage for a ship of our ton- nage during this season.Only the false keel touched the bottom;so no da- mage -Captain arrived aboard at noon. vse No business can be done ashore- bank holiday.Labelled birds on board.After supper ashore we found the postmaster who gave us some mail. I received a radio from Dr.Sanford. Weather fine with strong SK wind. No collecting done. April 22 Visited Burns Philp to learn our status.Dispatched one radio to Bank of NSW to enquire our balance and another to Clay & Co.,Samarai. R | ee ’ Lo it IN RE pines AZ, a “oe WHITNEY SOUTH SHA EXPEDITION THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 779 STREED aNp CENTRAL PARK WEST NEW YORK OITy MusrumM ComMiITrEn ; L. CG. SANFORD, M.D., CnarnmMan FRANK M,. CHAPMAN, Sc.D. H. E. GREGORY Px.D. R. OC. MURPHY, D.Sc. FIELD REPRESENTATIVE HANNIBAL HAMLIN, Ps.B. (gH) SS 2 Goods ordered by Coultas from W.S.Tait & Co.,Sydney agents,came to hand. Developed photographs in the evening.No collecting done. Miserable weather- rainy all day. April 23 Gleared up to-day and wind fresh from the SH.Worked on labels. No collecting done. Fine at night. April 24 Radio from bank indicates a very small balance.We wired NY- "When can we rely on receiving remittance?Now ready to leave."Finished labelling Malaita specimens. ; No collecting done. Wea ther. fine and clears April 25 Started overhaul on motor.Wrote some mail for SS"Marsina"which calls en route to Sydney in a few day's time. No collecting done. Weather fine with fresh Sk trades. April 26 Radio reply came from NY informing that $10,000.had been sent out to the expedition between Jan.I5th(approx.)and April Q9th,the latter evidently being the date of the last dispateh.Of this amount $4500. has been received.So,Coultas can count on $5500.Thts sum will liquidate all debts out here (exclusive of New York deficit,staff salaries,etc.) I worked on the motor and visited Gavutu during the afternoon. No collecting done. Weather fine and clear. April 27 (Sunday) I spent last night at Gavutu returning to Tulagi at 9 A.M.to- day. No collecting done. Weather fine and clear. April 28 The last remittance sent from NY on April 9th should reach Syd- ney on MayyIIth with the SS"Tahiti"mail.We showed the wire from the Museum to Mr.Scotts»BP's manager, proposing that he accept a cheque and allow us to leave for Samarai.He waived the responsibility but agreed to cable the head office-Sydney for superior sanction. Worked on motor and assisted in packing matérial for shipment. No collecting done. Fine weather continues. April 29 Satisfactory reply from Burns FPhilp-Sydney gives us leave to depart for Samarai.We expect to call at Rennellion this trip. Then at Samarai we shall try to arrange an exchange of the"France'for the’ "Royal" Endeavor"which would be much to the expedition's advantage ; but the possi- bility of the trade is very remote.Failing this,the"Prance"can be pulled up for repairs to her copper sheathing .Coultas "will make New Caledonia his next collecting ground.I shall leave for America either at Samarai or Noumea,depending on time and convenience,- probably Samarai. I worked on the motor drawing pistons and taking down big end bearings for general inspection and cleaning. SS"Marsina" arrived and left for Gaudalcanal coast.SS"Duranbah" came in from Rabaul. ’ No collecting done. Weather fine but hot. April 30 Continued work on motor and assisted with packing of specimens. The captain is seldom aboard the ship except to sleep,no matter what hour of the twenty-four.He and I are on wevewer frosty terms.I am in favor of giving him notice immediately.Coultas wants to wait,for fear that he might ieave us stranded without CGO 0 (OCC MA Cent, SS"Marsina"sailed for Sydney. No collecting done. Weather fine. IN RE WHITNEY SOUTH SEA EXPEDITION THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — e 777TH STREET anp CENTRAL PARK WEST NEW YORK orry MusEuM ComMiTTrETE L, CG. SANFORD, M.D., Caarrman FRANK M. CHAPMAN, Sc.D. H,. E. GREGORY Pu.D. R. C. MuRPHY, D.Sc. FIELD REPRESENTATIVE HANNIBAL HAMLIN, Ps.B, (SB®) PSS May f . Worked on motor .Attended at Capt.Crookshank's house for dinner in company of Mrs.Crookshank and Coultas. No collecting done. Fine weather during day. SE squalls and heavy rain at night. May 2 Worked on motor until after lunch when I went over to Gavutu to obtain a spare part.I stayed for supper a t the mess.Mr.Riddall,the Asst.Acco untant in Lever Bros.office has applied to Coultas for work on the scho oner and has been promised an appointment. I returned to Tulagi about 8 P.M. Eyerdam has been ashore to-day, got lost on native tracks, and shot a male" long-tail"Centropus.This is the first specimen taken on Florida Is., although it has been heard many times. Fine weather with light 5k trade wind. May ? worked on the motor nearly all dayyiyerdam out after shells in small dinghy. SS"Duranbah"sailed.capt. H.Palmer's AV"Mendana"1is in port.We paid him a call in the evening. No collecting done. Clear weather with heavy showers at night. May 4 \ . Vessel remains at anchor in kllis Cove.The captain is ill with fever again which may delay our departure.I continued work on the motor and expect to overhaul and clean everything before the job is finished. Eyerdam out after shells. Clear and hot during day with heavy rain at night. No collecting done. May 5 Busy re-assembling motor.Kyerdam ow after shells. on collecting done. Fine weather but hot and calm. May Gompleted work on the motor to-day.Captain still ill. Shipment of Malaita specimens and one package of curios and ethno- logical material marked in my name ready to go to Burns Fhilp. Kyerdam out after shells part of the day. No collecting done. Fine weather with good trade wind. May 7 Additional adjustments necessary on motor before the vessel could leave the anchorage.Hove up at 2 ?.M.and proceeded alongside Carpenter's wharf to take in fresh water.Left with tanks full at 6:30 and anchored out in the harbor. SS"Mataram"arrived from Sydney at 4 P.M. kyerdam out after shells:admirable industry.No other collecting done .Mr.Riddall,the new prospective associate,came over from Gavutu in the evening. Weather fine and clear with brisk trades blowing.Rain at night. May 8 No American mail came to hand. The vessel is ready for sea but the usual unfinished business lengthens the delay. Mr.Riddall moved his dunnage aboard to-day and officially joins the expedition on this date. I visited the steamer in the evening and learned that Dr.Lambert is in Tulagi and expects to visit Rennell Is., to make a health survey of the natives.He is directing the campaign of the Rockefeller Founda- tion(with cooperation of the Govt.Medical Service) on hookworm and yaws. This work has been carried on throughout the South Pacific generally. His intention of going to Rennell Is.,(under government supervision) IN RE mr WHITNEY SOUTH SEA EXPEDITION THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY : 77TH STREET anpn CENTRAL PARK WEST NEW YORE OITY Musrum ComMITTrE® L, C. SANFORD, M.D., Cnaraaan FRANK M, CHAPMAN, Sc.D. H. BE, GREGORY Pu.D. » R. OC. MuRpPHY, D.Sc. FIELD REPRESENTATIVE HANNIBAL HAMLIN, Pn.B. WIT) SS Se puts an entirely new aspect on our proposed trip which was to be to Samarai via Rennell Is.,without official permission or clearance(for reasons of expediency). No collecting done except Hyerdam's usual shell-hunt. Weather fine during day with rain at night. Ma J f went to see Dr.Lambert this morning and had a long conversation about Rennell Is.I fetched Coultas and we proposed that the Rockefeller Foundation visit Rennell as guest of the Whitney Expedition provided the Government is agreeable.This is the only way we can make the trip with- out having Govt. surveillance( police boys,etc.)to impede our work.If the Resident Commissioner is A4mrfavor it will save him the expense of two voyages to Rennell for the HMCS"Ranadi". We are fortunate not to be at sea bound for Rennell with a foreign clearance.The Govt. steamer would arrive with Dr.Lambert's pparty and the" France"would be seized for breaking pratique.Besides it is doubtful whether or not our old captain would take the ship to Kennell without clearance .Coultas has not informed hin. Dr.Lambert will talk matters over with the Resident Commissioner this evenings No collecting done. Rainy all day with very little wind. May IQ ; We met Dr.Lambert early and learned that the Commissioner Mr. Ash- ley approved of the trip to Rennell Is., as outlined.Plans made to leave Tulagi on Monday night(May Ie@th). No collecting done. Weather fine with SE trade blowing fresh. May II (Sunday) Two anchors down on account of strong wind across harbor.I put in half the day working on the motor.Visited with Drs. Lambert and Steenson and took dinner with them. No collecting done other than Hyerdam's daily shell hunt. Fine weather and fresh trades from SE. : May Ie Worked on motor until noon.We hove up after lunch and proceeded alongside BP's wharf to draw some stores and fill up water tanks.Dr. Lambert ordered a generous supply of food for his part of the trip's maintenance.Vessel back at anchorage at 6 P.M. Hove up with all hands aboard at II P.M.and set course for Berande- Guadalcanal where we are to pick up Mr.Gordon White, Dr.Lambert's associ- . ate,who will assist him in his examination of natives. I received an official letter from the Govt.Sec't'y.this morning at II A.M.asking when we proposed aeviait to Kennell Is.,concerning which the Commissioner had been unofficially informed.I replied in writing with full particulars and sent the letter ashore for delivery by special mes- sanger to the"top office"this afternoon. ; On watch in the engineroom all night.Calm sea with very little wind. May I3 Off Guadalcanal coast at dawn anchoring at Berande at 7 A.M.Dr.Lam- bert went ashore to visit his field workers.I took the Opportunity to clean valves and filters.Mr.Robinson,manager of the local plantation en- tertained everyone at lunch.Mr. White and all the Rockefeller campaign gear embarked by I P.M.and the vessel away shortly after.Bucking strong SH wind and current all afternoon.We had to argue strongly with the cap- tain to carry on beyond Aola where he wanted to waste a night at anchor. Wind fell at dusk and vessel made better speed.Several rain showers. On watch between short naps throughout night. NERS Caste Appruss “Musxotogr Nuw Yor» WHITNEY SOUTH SEA EXPEDITION THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 77TH STREET ann CENTRAL PARK WEST NEW YORK OITy MusruM CoMMITTEE L, C., SANFORD, M.D,, CnatrmMan FRANK M. CHAPMAN, Sc.D. H. BH. GREGORY Pu.D. R. C. MURPHY. D.Sc. FIELD REPRESENTATIVE HANNIBAL HAMLIN, Px.B, ——————— i hc sh )shlrtrtrrrtttittsws— sir) PSS May I4 : Off Marau Sound at 9 A.M.and by IO o'clock a course set for the uw eastern end of Rennell,the weather point of the island.ESE breeze with motor throttled down stands us well up on the desired course. Saw two flocks of noddy terns.Some rain squalls during day.One split the foresail near the peak;it took three hours to bend the new one which has been in the ship for over a year but never used. Vessel making good time all night.Captain afeared we might overrun the island without seeing it altered the course twice to the west ofsouth May I5 , Rennell Is. sighted at daylight.Our protracted landfall would be about in the middle of the island.Ghanging the coursé last night gave a- way all our easting.Captain decided to beat up to round windward extrem- ity.Stopped motor at IO A.M.after nearly sixty hours of continuous run- ning.All day on long tacks.Put about offshore at 9:30 P.M.,about five miles from the eastern end of the island.Fresh E5u breeze with big sea running. May I6 Around to leeward side of island by 5 A.M. and coasting along under fair breeze,which feel light at 9 o'clock.Started motor.Approached east- ern point of Kunggava bay where we came upon a flock of about thirty dusky-brownish-black shearwaters resting on the water.I saw Single speci- mens earlyythis morning and tried to shoot two of them from the deck. This is the largest flock I have yet seen.Unfortunately,none were collect- ed. Proceededinto bay and found good sheltered anchorage the captain taking my directions based on Crockshank's leading marks.Natives came off immediately,among them many fahiliar faces.Eyerdam and I went ashore col- lecting in the afternoon,returning about 20 birds of 6 species.One immedi- ately notices how prolific the bird life is on Rennell compared to any other island in the Solomons( or in this part of the world). We saw only a few people arbund the beach settlement.Most of them are inland at the lake settlement(Kasiwala)attending a festival of some } kind. Weather cleared up after we were anchored.Assisted in pre paring specimens until 9 P.M. May If 9 A.M.started motor and shifted vessel to position closer to land- ing and in calmer water.Riddall out collecting for the first time with kyerdam and myself. Dr.Lambert set up flies on shore to begin examinations for yaws and hookworm and census survey.Natives came across from Bellona settlement in the Kanava distréet;this is locatea@ on the western side of bay in which the"France"lies at anchor. Several good species returned including a thrush(Turdus choiseuli) and the little ground dove(Gallicolumba) .We want to concentrate on the more unique. P auod DbBQe we oWem debe Putting up birds in the evening. Weather fine and clear;strong SE ee big swell in the bay most of which we escape. May . Riddall,iyerdam,and I ashore most of the day returning about 25 speeimens.I took some photographs on the sand beach in the afternoon. fen natives,most of whom I can recognize,came down to the"White Sands" from the lake settlement (Tengano) .They bring greetings from beth the in- portant chiers and are prepared to take a party in for a visit. Assisted with bird-skinning and preparation after Supper. Overcast most offthe day with rain at night. IN RE : CamLe Avprmss “Musxoroer New Yorx” WHITNEY SOUTH SKA HXPEDITION THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 77TH STREET anp CENTRAL PARK WEST NEW YORK OITy MusEuM CoMMITTER L. G, SANFORD, M.D., Caarrman FRANK M. CHAPMAN, Sc.D. H. EK. GREGORY Px.D. R. C. MURPHY, D.Sc. FIELD REPRESENTATIVE HANNIBAL HAMLIN, Ps.B. (gar) OSS May I9 We decide to leave for a stay at the lake to-morrow morning. Byerdam and I busy with preparation.Riddall and the Captain both ill with fever.Developed some photographs and went ashore for a short time in the afternoon.No specimens brought in.All the more acquisitive natives are anxioum to go out shooting;But the majority would simply waste ammu- nitiong@ne youth may be useful.sSpeaking generally, the practice is risky. Showers during afternoon and at night. May 20 Dr. Lambert,Mr.White(his associate) ,kyerdam and I finally got off at II:I5 A.M.for the trip inland after the usual delays with carriers and packs.We used the same track I went over previously,- rough,coraline limestone nearly al 1 the way-.Rain fel all afternoon to make matters worse and we arrived at the terminal village on Lake Tengano in several stages of desretude about 5:50 where we took very crowded shelter in two houses.I got under a rug with a slight attack of fever. We dined on panas(a speeles of small yam) and tea.Kyerdam and [ slept under a shelter aboutI2 feet x IO with six natives o f various sizes Dr. Lambert and White shared a comparativelyylarge ho use(I5 feet x 30 feet)with about 30 native companions. ~No collecting done. Rain in showers throughout night. May 2I We were under obligation to visit the chiefs and their cohorts be- fore doing anything.All important citizens are partisans to some degree in a religious rituel which has been going on for some time centering around fo od interest,- fertilitynof the soil,harvest,and so forth.We came away loaded with presents of coconuts and vegetables.T[hese recipro- cated our gifts of axes to important men(three)and an adze to each of the two chiefs. kyerdam and I got out collecting about IO A.M.after putting up our flies to give allmembers of the party a place to work and sleep.Privacy does not exist in the social scheme of Rennell.Eyerdam got a specimen of the crane(se-called by me when I missed it during my first visit);it is a spoonbill and prowed to be a female(doubtful).The natives tell me int- eresting and Fee Phene ee tee ger Out this species.There is supposed to exist only a few(three kas “ cited)and these apparently do not breed here,;nor do they leave the vicinity of the lake to go in the forest to breed like the cormorants;nor do they migrate.When asked how long the birds had been around the lake in their memory the only answer [ could get was"long time",an idea of limited meaning to these peoplé.They know the nesting habits of the other bird residents;but this spoonbill has them puzzled to the extent that several told me it was connected in some mysterious way with the"Big Master",the god of their universe.Certain other birds are taboo and are involved with mythology;but this one is the most interesting. The Plumage of Halcyon sancta appears different here on Rennell.I am always expecting to find this species breeding somewhere in the islands but without success. Returned to put up birds in the afternoon. Weather unsettled during day but fine at night. May 22 IN RE Cantu Appenss “Musxoroey Nuw Youn” WHITNEY SOUTH SKA HXPEDITION THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 77TH STREET anp CENTRAL PARK WEST NEW YORK OITy Muvusnum CoMMITTEER L. CGC. SANFORD, M.D., Cnarraan FRANK M,. CHAPMAN, So.D. H. E. GREGORY Pux.D. R. C. MURPHY, D.Sc. FIELD REPRESENTATIVE HANNIBAL HAMLIN, Pu.B. ae The rail which I thought we had missed on our previous visit was shot to-day and proved to be the relatively common Dupetor flavicollis, a brown bittern.Natives do not seem to know any other bird that might be ymnocrex or a pitta. he out collecting on the lake returned nothing new but managed to get two pairs of ducks which were welcome for food. All members of the party had to visit the circle of chiefs several times.Much singing and dancing going on.I made several photographs in very poor light. Weather overcast with heavy rain at night. May 2 , TEE Te and his assistant Mw.White left for the coast at 9:I5. Heavy rain followed for the day.We collected a pair of grebes and an ibis The latter species is much more common at the lake than in the bush. Eyerdam and I went out on the lake but the weather made collecting aifficult.He found specimens of Melanians proving that the lake had been lifted up recently in its geologic history. Weather cleared up at night. May 24 Fine weather broke this morning and we went out on the lake early. I had hoped to take soundings but strong Si wind prevented me getting very far beyond islands.The sky clouded over about noon driving us to shelter at Baingau village, the place where the field party stopped on its visit ins [929ir I saw a black water snake about I6"long but could not manage to catch it, the natives in the canoe being-very much frightened.We got sev- eral species of prawns and two species of fish.Shells are extremely un- common .Several birds collected during the afternoon. Very heavy rains during night and squalls of wind that nearly blew over our tent. May 25 Rain continued all day making any work impossible.We were forced tc sit in the tent all morning surrounded by a large crowd of natives.We both went out on the lake after lunch primarily to wash and to shoot a duck for food. I find a cold developing and notice that many of the natives have Apes and sneezes.Rain in gusty squalls throughout night. May Morning overcast and rain commenced about 7 A.M.but lifted in an hour so that we could prepare to depart.I got a few photographs when the sun came out.We left at II A.M.and reached the coast about 3:30. Found all hands aboard the ship where we unpacked our specimens and cleaned up.After supper we put up birds until 9 P.M. Weather overcast but rain kept off all night. May 27 This proved to be one of the worst days yet experienced here for weather- rain and easterly wind all day.At work developing photographs. Riddall ill with fever and Dr.Lambert nursing an island sore on his ankle. The vessel is crowded with natives clamoring to trade;they are a constant source of annoyance. May 28 Weather broke favorable this morning so that we could take some more photographs which were subsequently developed. kyerdam ashore with three of the boat's crew returning a number of specimens .These kept us busy until 9 P.M. Showers during the night. May 29 Hove up at 4 A.M.and proceedeed out of the bay under power setting May 22 IN RE CanLe Appumes “MusxoLtocy New York” WHITNEY SOUTH SEA EXPEDITION THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 77TH STREET anp CENTRAL PARK WEST NEW YORK CITY MusEeUuM COMMITTER L, C. SANFORD, M.D., Cnarnman FRANK M. CHAPMAN, Sc.D. H. BH, GREGORY Px.D. R. C. MURPHY, D.Sc. FIELD REPRESENTATIVE HANNIBAL HAMLIN, Pu.B. course for western extremity of the island.We passed close in shore at Logugi where Dr.Deck anchored about I8 years ago.No natives were seen,a clump of coconuts being the only sign of habitation.Again,at the end of the island a few coconuts showed that natives had been using thes ptace codstacfishing camp.Two interpreters on board call this spot Mungghenua.From here we stood over to Mongiki(Bellona Is.)and arrived off the eastern end at 5 F.M.We coasted along to the SW end of the is- land to the reputed anchorage,letting go as soon as the bottom showed. The vessel swung round on her chain and bumped ancoral razorback.We had a very narrow escape but lost the port anchor and eight fathoms of chain in getting away.Hove to on a seaward tack for the night.Rain in squalls from the Sh. May 30 At dawn we found ourselves about e miles off the land.Started motor and proceeded to an anchorage in good light.One canoe with two excited occupants picked up on the way;we found the beach lined with people.Some came off in canoes,others swam,so that the decks were soon swarming with them.They look very much the same as the Rennellese but have different tattooing.ividently their language is also different. Our interpreters have difficulty in conversing with them. Collecting party landed immediately but we found very few birds. . We visited numerous habitations which were located at tne ends of paths that led off straight central trails at right angles.The terrane is not as rough as Rennell;there is a great deal more area available for gar- den planting and a larger population on relative man-land ratio.I shot a few of the red-bellied fruit doves which are similar to those of Ren- néll.No small birds came to my ecalling.Coultas shot a fine Accipiter. Dr.Lambert made a sketchy census and was informed by the local committee of importance that no doctors,nor medecine,nor white men of any description were wanted on the island.He found their general health good. All on board by 5 P.M. Busy putting up specimens. May 31 Hove away ancnor at 4 A.M.setting a course for Rennell.Light bSn breeze.Close to the western end of the island we picked up a canoe with two natives,one a chief of this isolated community(Mungghenua) .They conversed with the two interpreters.Apparently the population at this end of the island is very small.We entered the western end of Kolugu bay at 3 P.M..A/C on leading marks to reach the best anchorage and came to in IO fathoms. We spent the rest of the day developing photographs but with very poor results. Weather fine and clear;wind fell toward evening. June I Kyerdam and several collectors ashore nearly all day.The only birc known to be here on Rennell and as yet uncollected is an owl,evidently a Spiloglaux. Goultas taking photographs and myself busy preparing the engine for te=morrow!s ode parture. Hunters returned about 4 o'clock which gave us work until 8 P.M. SH wind off the land during night- clear and cool except for one rain squall. June 2 Hove up 7 A.M.after clearing the decks of all natives many of whom wanted to accompany us.froceeded out of the bay making for eastern end of the island.We rounded the eastern cape at 2:30 P.M.and stopped the motor.Allsails set with the wind from the & and sSi. i CauLe Avvress “MusnoLtoey Nuw Yorn” WHITNEY SOUTH SEA EXPEDITION THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 77TH STREET ann CENTRAL PARK WEST NEW YORK OITy MusrEUM CoMMITTEPE L, C. SANFORD, M.D,, CrarrMan FRANK M. CHAPMAN, Sc.D. H. BE. GREGORY Px.D. R. OC. MURPHY, D.Sc. FIELD REPRESENTATIVE HANNIBAL HAMLIN, Pa.B. June 5 Having spent last night anchored at Aola on the Guadalcanal coast we arrived in Tulagi to-day at 2:50”.M.and made fast alongside Garpenter's wharf to take in fresh water. Landed Dr.Lambert's gear and got back to anchorage by 4:30. Showers at night. June 6-15 During this period the vessel remained anchored in Tulagi harbor. Muchnbustinesstwas done by Coultas with the Government and Burns Philp to enable the"France"to get away to Samarai where she will be pulled up on 2a slip for repairs.ityerdam spent a week in the hospital with very bad malaria.Three Solomon boys were signed on for a year's service and de- posit paid for their return.I put in a lot of time working on the motor and assisting in general work about the ship.No collecting was accom- plished. June 16 Obtained clearance and made adieux ashore.Vessel away for Sama- rai at 2:15 P.. M.All sails set with smart SE breeze.Stopped motor at 33:30 P.M.All hands have to stand two-man watches of four hours each with the exception of the captain and the cook. The trip across proved uneventful but for twoodays of bad weather toward the last of it;only good fortune carried us through without mis- hap.Ve anchored the"France"in Samarai about noon on June 23rd. June 24-duly I7 During this period the vessel was pulled up on the slip of J.R. Glay & Company and Ber copper sheathing repaired.It was found that the outer stern-tube bearing was cracked and projecting out of its setting which necessitated the drawing of the shaft and the fitting of a new one.I assisted the engineer with this work.The vessel was on the ways from July 5-to I3.No worm or rot was found in the hull and about 50 sheets of copper were renewed,all the old ones oxidized to the thinness of paper.Additional work on the deck was carried on during my absence on a collecting trip to Misima Is. Captain Burrell was finally dismissed and sent to Sydney on the SS"Morinda"which left Samarai on July 7th.I sentoca radio to Gapt.?.R. Lang,former Captain of the"France"in effort to obtain replacement.For- tunately he proved available at the reasonable figure of 34 pounds a monthihe will join the ship in about two week's time. Permits were obtained to collect on Misima(St.Aignan Is.)for Mr. Riddall and myself from the Government Secretary at Port Moresby and we left Samarai on July I7th on the AV"Yela Gili"at II:40 A.M.and an- chored for the night at"Tubi Tubi",a small island in the Calvados Chain. IN RE OasLe Apprass “Musmotogy Nrw Yoru” WHITNEY SOUTH SEA EXPEDITION THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 77TH STREET ann CENTRAL PARK WEST NEW YORK CITY MusruM CoMMITTEER L. G. SANFORD, M.D,, CrarrMan FRANK M, CHAPMAN, Sc.D. H. EB. GREGORY Pux.D. R. C. MURPHY, D.Sc. FIELD REPRESENTATIVE HANNIBAL HAMLIN, Pu.B. July 18th, 1930 Hove up at 6:15 A.M. and vessel under weighk by 6:30 with course steering for Conflict Group punching into a choppy sea all the way which makes this little ship jump about. Sighted Panasesa Tsland about 10:30 A.M. Crossed Emerald Reef. Anchored in lee of Panesesa Island at-2:350 P.M. Riddall, Charligand I out collecting wntil dark. This ‘land was previously worked in May, 1929. Additional species-- Merops ornatus, two ospreys, Cinnyris. Mr. Hutchinson reports finches on uninhabited islands. Plenty of terns about--lesser sooties and small white sumatras. No shore birds this time of year. Atoll terrane typical. Putting up birds (15) until’10:30 P.M. Slept ashore with host. Weather fine and clear for a change. Strong SE at night. July 19th, 1930 On board by 6 A.M. and anchor aweigh and course set for Deboyne Group. Passed Torlesse Group by 11:30 A.M. Panietta and Misima in sight. Inside lagoon (Deboyne) making good progress. Anchored off Nivani Island at 2:30. Landed all our gear and stores at Mr. Munt's place. Walked around Nivani with gun but saw nothing of interest: Cockatoo, Com. Red Parrot, Halc., Sancta, Zosterops, Haliaster indus, Cinnyris , Plover (Charad. dom. ) Slept on AV "Kiribi", after dining with Mr. Munt (Dreesmend —Saw numerous noddy terns and white sumatras. Weather fine and clear throughout. Wind from SE has been unusually strong dvring night for past few nights. Spots of rain but good sleeping. July 20th, 1930 Made ready with all gear embarked after a good breakfast. Left Nivani about 11 A.M. and crossed Deboyne Lagoon clearing East Passage ' by 12:20 and thence through a heavy sea. The small cutter very wet . and tossed about. Numerous noddies about, some apparently in immature plumage, Arrived in Bwaga Bwage Bay and ship tied up to bank. Landed our stuff and got settled in a rest house. Wrote letter to R. M. SED at Bwagaoia and enclosed permits and GS letter. Mail leaves by ve for Government Station. Weather fine and clear with fresh ESE wind. “Ewa Naw H IWEINNVH rain inte rmittent lis 6 HAILVINASHNAAY AIAG No collecting done. “gig ceca te ‘29S 'NVNdAVHOD "WW UNV NVEMIVAD “C'W ‘AHNOUNWS "OD "T GDaALLINNOD HOAs oOT Pt ALIO MHOA MAN LSGM MAVd IVALNAO GNV TAMALS BOLL ANOLSIH IVAOLVN wo wWansay;w Nvormsnwy FHL NOILIGHdXa VAS HLOOS AGNI M —— i 7 wtOX AUNT xoo10usaN,, Sseauday ainvo yi . i. July 2lst, 1950 Riddall, myself and Charlie out hunting from 8 A.M. until 3:50 P.M. I first dispatched mail to R. M. at Bwagaoia. The terrane is a substratum of coraline limestone and broken porphyry which is washed down the gullies and stream beds. Kui-tau, the highland to the westward--3400 feet. Stanley called the top very old--primary formation, the island elevated by subsequent upheavals; these can be seen in bluff terraces along cliff front behind brief foreshore. Saw few birds during forenoon on account of wind, rain and clouds. Cleared up after lunch. Altogether, we returned some dozen birds of six species. Bird population not large--something like Rossel Is. Busy putting them up until lou -.M. Weather continued fine from 12 A. M. This place has a reputation for daily rainfall. July 22nd, 1930 Riddall and Charlie and one local policeman (VC) who . accompanied me yesterday, took the guns out today. I stayed in camp to prepare the remaining specimens and get the labels up to date. Finished by 10:30 A.M. Wrote notes. Purchased considerable native food of excellent quality and some eggs. Riddall, Charlie and the local VC returned about 2:50 with a half dozen birds, of which three are new to the collection. The policeman got only one bee-eater, badly mangled. Few of the natives show any aptitude for shooting. Put up the birds and had a hearty supper entirely of fresh food. Weather fine until 3 P. M. when rain began to fall continuing intermittently throughout the night. July 23rd, 1930 Rain kept us indoors until about 9 Riddall, Charlie and self out until 3 P and the first Myzomela. For this day 1 a flying fox. I collected land shells of three species for W. J. E. and several species of highly colored sticlk-insects. Experienced usual rough terrane, At work putting up birds until 10 P.M. leaving several for tomorrow-one Corwus and the common hawk--Haliaster indus. No rain during afternoon but heavy downpour at night. duly 24th, 1930 2:50 when it cleared somewhat. eM. Shot a long-tailed dove 5 specimens put up including Three natives out shooting. Charlie, the boat's crew of "France" from Ysabel is the poorest hunter of all. Riddall and self worked on birds until 2 P.M. He skins them out for me to make up. Hunters returned at 4 P. M. with 15 birds, adding another specimen. A squad of women came across the island from Siak Bay laden with provender for gale. IN RE Casue Appenmss ‘“Musrotocyr Naw Youx” WHITNEY SOUTH SEA EXPEDITION THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 77TH STREET anv CENTRAL PARK WEST NEW YORK OITyY MusrumM CoMMITTER L. CG. SANFORD, M.D., OnarrMan FRANK M, CHAPMAN, Sc.D. H. E, GREGORY Px.D. R. C. MURPHY, D.Sc. FIELD REPRESENTATIVE HANNIBAL HAMLIN, Ps.B. >| : a . (July 24th-continved ) Continued! work on birds until 9:30°P. M. Two specimens of small flying fox returned and a female Myzomela. Weather fine and clear all day. Waly 25th, 1950 Three hunters out at 8:50 A.M. including Charlie of Ysabel. Riddall and self working on birds until noon when we had an interval to witness a pig-killin; eight bled and duly cooked. Obtained a few photographs. A good half of the specimens are mangled and bloody in part so that more time is required in preparation. Several Myzomela negrita returned. We sat until 10 P.M. putting up. Rain came down in torrents during the night. The day was fine throughout although overcast.the first twelve hours of daylight. Self suffering from pain in left lung, evidently a w= mer touch Of Seema A ces (TiS. July 26th, 1930 Heavy rain throughout night and up til) 11 A.M. We finished the birds and I went over check-list with the locals but can only discover four that we have not yet taken. There are others, certain- ly, including the white-eye (Zost. aignani) which has not been encountered as yet. Sent off three hunters at noon when weather cleared. Pain in hung worse this morning due to wet weather, I suppose. Rain commenced again at 2 P.M. and continued throughout the afternoon to evening only varying in intensity occasionally. No success in the field --only three common species shot, one cockatoo for locality. ; Put them up and continued to listen to rainfall in bad humor. Rain all night. July 27th, 1930 Unable to go out due to heavy rains which continved all day. AV Kiribi with Mr. Munt aboard arrived at 35 P.M. from Nivani. He departed for Bwagaoia at 3:30 due back on Tuesday evening. Found large eel washed out of nearby river undoubtedly of wide distribution for i have seen the same in Solomon rivers about 54 feet long with two feelers or short outgrowths at nostrils, thick lips and serrated teeth in rows in both jaws, white belly, streaky, mottled olivaceoms green and grey upperside and flanks; i know not how to skin it and preserve it. Rain continued throughout night. July 28th, 1930 Three natives ovt with gund despite continved rain which let up about 2 P.M. Hunters returned late with only 12 birds all common. The land rail is only the common Porphyria which is considered a pest by the natives as at Rennell and Bellona. Worked on them until about 9:50, Wind fresh from ESE with tendency to clear weather up a little. Rain intermittent during evening. Mission ketch, J. R. Williams arrived from Salamo-Fergusson Is. oo = a IN RE OCaBLx Appuess “Musxotocy New Yorn” WHITNEY SOUTH SEA EXPEDITION THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 777TH STREET anp CENTRAL PARK WEST NEW YORE OITY Museum ComMITTrER Li, C., SANFORD, M.D., OxatrMan FRANK M, CHAPMAN, Sc.D. H. BE. GREGORY Px.D. R. C. MURPHY, D.Sc. FIELD REPRESENTATIVE HANNIBAL HAMLIN, Pa.B. Sef «= =e) July 29th, 1930 Three hunters out again. Weather cleared about 10 A.M. and sun came out. This is the second decent day since our arrivel. Finished two birds left over and started packing for departure. Hunters returned ten specimens by carrier at 1 P.M. and started us working. Several more came in later. Mr. Munt's AV Kiribi came in at 6 P.M. We went off and had dinner with him. Returned to finish birds which kept us until 10 P. M. Weather clear with fresh SB wind throughout nicht. The usual small sumatras and noddies common about the lagoon. July 30th, 193 0 Embarked all our gear on board the "Kiribi" and set out for Nivani at 9A. M. Arrived and anchored at 12:50 and went ashore for lunch. Went across to Pani Pompom Isl. for an hour's collecting but Was hampered by lack of big cartridges. Shot a few white-eyes and honey- suckers. Put them up on board the little ship which is our house while we are here. Weather fine and clear with wind SE. One squall during night. July 31st, 1930 Had an early breakfast and got over to Pani Pompom Is. by 9 A.M. for a little hunting. Shot some Pachyaphala and two good male Ptilinopus rivolii and the common flycatcher. The terrane is exceljent for collecting, the ground being rocky and somewhat sparsely timber- ed. Returned to Nivani Is. by 11 A.M. and had a light lunch before embarking on AV "Matoma"” which came to anchor shortly. The captain departed almost immediately for the Conflict Group where we anchored for the nisht in lee of an outlying island. Busy putting up birds all afternoonm board. Numerous terns sighted; resting grounds undoubtedly in the mi ciniiy. Weather fine and clear throughout. August lst,. 1930 Vessel shifted to Panesesa Is., to load copra. Both Riddall and myself sent ashore to collect hoping to get another kingfisher but _ were unsuccessful, having no adequate ammunition. Took much needed baths at the manager's house and returned on board. Sailed for _ Samarai at 7 P. M. making slow progress during night due to counter current and heavy cargo load. Weather fine throughout night. Wind S@ and SSE. = > August 2nd, 1930 Arrived and anchored in Samarai harbor at 10:30 A.M. Disembarked all gear and placed it in Clay's store. Met Coultas who came across in the slip launch. Had lunch at the hotel and returned per launch to . _Belesana. Here I met Capt. Lang who has been here since July 26th. Allrepair work has been finished to the satisfaction of Coultas and the vessel can proceed to Samarai anytime. Weather fine and clear ‘throughout. Took birds over to ship and put them out for further drying. Wo collecting done. Oastr Appurss “Mcsxotocy New Yorw” WHITNEY SOUTH SEA EXPEDITION THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 77TH STREET anp CENTRAL PARK WEST NEW YORK OITy Mus®uM CoMMITTER L, C, SANFORD, M.D., CxarrMan FRANK M. CHAPMAN, Sc.D. H. E., GREGORY Px.D. R. C. MURPHY. D.Sc. FIELD REPRESENTATIVE HANNIBAL HAMLIN, Pz.B. oly ngust 3rd, 1930 ts Spent the day quietly over at the slip.Belesana. Weather fine and clear throughout. Eyerdam has made a remarkable collection of corals and seashells. No birds collected in this locality on this occasion. Worked on motor dvring afternoon making ready to take ship over to Samarai tomorrow. August 4th, 1930 ; Unable to get off until 10 A.M. when we hove up and proceeded out into straits. Anchored off the port at 10:40. S§ Elveric of Glasgow in port loading for Singapore. Eyerdam intends to leave by this ressel on the 6th. Ashore on business and retreived material returned from Misima srip out of storage. Worked on motor during afternoon, having blown out a safety air plate on charging line during run across. Overhauled and tuned up compressor set. No collecting done. Weather fine and clear all day with numerous southerly squalls uring night. August 5th, 1930 Anchored off Samarai Is. I worked on motor part of the day with iddall to instruct him for his job of taking the driving over to Tulagi. Enquired about passage to Sydney ashore and find I can leave by either lorinda on the 8th or the Montoro on the 14th. Eyerdam embarked on boad the SS Hlveric in the evening after a little dinner at the hotel. No collecting done. Weather fine and clear throught. Fresh trades ESE. August 6th to 8th, 1930 During this time, I finished up my work on the ship and imparted as much knowledge as possible to Riddall ‘about the motor. I packed up all my miscellaneous belongings of three years on the “France” and having made my adieux ashore, departed per SS Morinda at 12 A.M. Ber iday August 8th. IN RE 7; : WHITNEY SOUTH SEA BXPEDI’ 0 O1 Nis THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NaTuRAL H T7TH STRHAT AND CENTRAL PARK 7 west NEW YORK orry hilar ! Museum CommirrEEe : 4 y b ps . 2 : LL, CG. SANFORD, M.D., Cmarrman > é on! FRANK M. CHAPMAN, Sc.D. , i ‘yh a he h H. E. GREGORY Px.D. : ‘ ; R. C. MURPHY. D.Sc. . a > FIELD REPRESENTATIVE . b P J ; HANNIBAL HAMLIN, Pu.B. ; 2 , 7 Ze 2 , * as P ‘ aap, % . : ; ates a f hy 4s! ff i a 4 7 ; ee ' * F i ae r Pr, , M . - - od, 3 - A . id ‘ - Pu Bid nse “SusmoLoar N=uw Yoru” i fi, > a. he © oe Bougainville Is., seuth Coast ~ Buin District : - oe ae July 20-27 - 1929 . - - Phe only extensive lewland litteral on Bougainville.Hills or approx. —~[OOO-1500 reet clese areund Lenolai harpor(Ss point or the island) .vnence westward around the seuthern and seuthwestern edge or the land(apout 50 miles ef coastline)= lew,rlat country reaches iniand trem I5 to 20 miles. It is swampy in many places,especially southwestward trom the high moun- tains(Siwai & Banoni dists.).Numereus small rivers drain the southern wa- tershed or the Kronprinzen Gepirge-ine land is cevéred with dense seconda . vegetation everywhere, interspersed with great trees OF several species;tP gmaller bush,generally thicker and more ditricult to penetrate,is predom. epi Atigreves or small trees about 50 or 40 feet in height,orakes or wild & -eane along the river banks,and ne grassland worthy er mentien;native gar-- dens in number,the heaviest push usually peing cleared to yilela the pest g0il- apparently the rarther inland the more rervile. : _—s all: species taken during the visit to S5uin represent this unirerm —/—_ tat. , % (nete:the lecal patrel orricer,a man Or ceonsideraple experience, descripe a lake he had visited up in the mountains,whicn can pe reacnea rrem the . Buta ceast in two er threes days-No natives living near it(er anywnere on “Jeugainville at this elevatien)- about 5500 eet er mere.iine place 1s sup- - posed tq be the habitation or 4 tamburan( devil, heopgopiin,ogre,etc.,jand . 4s regared with superstition py the mountain natives.lir.Ward cstimated iv. te be about 7 miles long and one or two wide,regular in shape,and set. im. @ sert of pocket formed by converging valleys and ravines.He viewed 1U frem a commanding ridge;mest er the sides were very steep to descend, rocky cliffs dropping sheer in some places around its marge-it looked to be heay lly weeded to the waters edge on all sides;no reeds or grassy marshland was discernible.Ihis report is veriried py nev.ratner J-5-Poncelet or the Marist Mission whe is the only other white man whe has seen it. the expeditien was unable to make a camp here.) Systematic List or Species (all names in parenthesis provisional py Dr.k. Mayr) I.Mino dumontii krerrti(?) 2.Aplonis cantoroides %.eAwlonis metallicus subsp. 4.(Aplonis ¢iganteus) 5 .Myzemela( ruscelivacea) . 6-Cinnyris jugularie rlavigastra 7-Dicaeum sp. subsp. 8.Zesterops(chrysolema) Supsp. 9.Monarcha( leucophthalmus) I0.Monarcha( arses) J It.Monarcha( menadensis) , 12.Khipidura( albepunctata) I3.-Khipidura tricolor meigieuca 14.Khipidura rufifrens commadg I5-Graucflus lineatus subsp. 16 .Graucelus (nigrescens) I7-Graucfilus papuensis subsp. I8 .Edolisoma(schisticeps) I9.Pitta( meeki) , 20.Gollecalia ruciphaga vanikorensi% ‘ ? t - Wt FF Ne NRPEPANH FH HCOOUHUUU Re a 7, <@ee ) viae e yy Min & : . «. SSR sotaawe stele rortesf lvateguct Be Laibagh ¢ sel - roae uit ge paired ig }OGTSE Sts Saue : 3o sxe pyeceens, Con Sith en. ae eq? paeirt esceh,, weeeei telx,wot -letikseanet ' gotr bierteoreigeesn pileleooaae, v ’ ger mae sie ate wm. siovic [lame gue Teepe, (. afttbt ree Sanéh agi? werevec af Cosl ony. syeleed? sozettepeme eae eee Belotes Lateves 19 aceT? jeorg diiw soeTeq decal , Ssenwereve pig Ted 0yor < < aaades ai crayzensq 6s clwmelrith etem ban Segeid? vA - ris " 5@ sokete caplet al 766% Oe to Uf swede seoty ffaee seve 3s eGal may. eV idan {Mlonex 20 yisiew Baaleeety O& Bia, chase Tesla eae A Sy sas égg ploty.¢r betaecio gnise yilevew days ee Pre Lh pe sy: Bs 18 shlfere? eter ogg tne ing tie gee “eres au aLag saeaewqe: mivt Os siaty is ares cear a RasaGh, Sonsiis|exs vidaiehiamo 1% nae &,T60LTi® lonsaq fener. Og BO71 boooAeSt oe nso notdy,antegnen. eat al qu ee Sisaeyss 19 )72 1a0m galvil acvigen ok.a seins 1 i gt @i GOéig eal.o1]9em ie cee1 OUCE Jweode -(nelgevele afdd ge Silly pila | -075 01 y6 Diigoyden itres)/gaweas? a te selseciand - ee ‘Se + Beverisa® sish.wWi.aevisen mtegmes ods (é celiivarssere a gee bor ,cyuds ai tsinge1,obinw ows 16 oad ‘pas pool aefte ¥ < p34 porete et.eenlys1 Sie ayetlev gtevacs ce bomxet r ees, Sreeesb os qeere YI1Sv eter -2 -O8 Te Téomiegbin gark 2 sl Gc os pexXcol sl.egrem ati bro re Bedelg emoa nf 100d8 BulegeTE a Dprelaatwes yeeat, ve aboe: emiaobta Ile ao aga peta s it OF Bee sboon. 1 Mic ze gelcomet.o.§ teadat.ven Ye belattoev gf ne22 en Cow Gam erin iSds0 sled 9 LE Pered qmeo @ Sine @ Bese sort sibeke } as Suet ceqé tO geLl of3 . eneliaes us iesotetverq atsens -Af asmen fie) a a * ' (yg) 2errenl Litnemeb — * aobkierwesnas ‘Ss ) i (eas 4 axcunplvaliginamigat al C - -@eadue »@a ed 4865 gueic aytio )equiede is ; (asm Led Ie aL} < 0 ; 2 ous ne a j ° € epertiies: + a Nanay ouseonlt (aces 2ergt na ii dee wt >. ¥ , E re es ee p- a 2I.Hemiprocne mystacea woodrordiana 22.kurystomus erientalis subsp. 23.Ninox sp. subsp. 24.Alcedo atthis subsp. 25.Alcyone(sibilans) 26.Alcedo( pallidus) 27 eHHalcyon(salomoneneis) 28 .Halcyon( kaloproktos) 29.Chalcites malayanus subsp. 30.Chalcites lygidus plagosus 31.Eudynamis sclopacea supsp. 32 ° (Bes sp al 33.Cacatoes SP. SubSp. 34.iicrepyg ial parva) 35.Micropsitta sp. subsp. 36-Lorius pectoralis salemonensis 37 -Geofrroyus sp. subsp. 38.Pandion haliaetus subsp. 39.8aza subscritata subsp.(?) 40.Accipiter hiogaster subsp. 4[.anas superciliosa pelewensis 42 .Puilinopus(emrythrothorax) 43.Ptilinopus superpus — 44.Vucula(lopata) 45.Chalcophaps stephani mortond 46.(Megacrex) 47.Porphyrio sp. subsp. teeta reinwardt subsp. (scolopacea) RH RRR RUHR RHEE ONNRHHANRFRNENHY Species seen put not collected aa Hirundo tahitica = not taken Khyticeros plicatus mendanae (taken on Seug'ville pre Halcyon sancta = not taken Cacomantis malayanus subsp. taken * . Trichoglossus haematodus subsp. taken". - “. - Halcyon albicilla saurophnagus ae net taken « Ducula(grisea) taken : tringa hypoleuces taken ; Sterna dougallii bangsi net taken : " sieoo): } a a - =a Fete nt impee . a a ~ P a — Pa _ ‘ = 2 = _=— _ = 7) ft = 7 - = Thea! * é a % ; + ri i ‘= —_ ae R . ey rat = * r — ‘ ¥ - . ra - o * es 47% - 7 in 4 ce conenee + alan