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JOURNAL

OF THE

ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES

rey

OF

PHILADELPHIA.

PHILADELPHIA:

PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY,
; BY J. HARDING,

1825

CONTENTS OF VOLUME V. PART I.

Page.
Officers of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Bails;
delphia, for the year 1829. - - 1
Description of a number of new American Bpesics of
Shperize. By Lewis D. de Schweinitz. - 3
Experiments on Anthracite, aie &e. By Lardner
Vanuxem. - - - - 17
Additions to the Ornithology of the United States. By
Charles Bonaparte. — - - - - 28

Descriptions of new Species of Hister and Hololepta,
inhabiting the United States. By Thomas Say. $2
Description of a new Fish of the genus Salmo. By C.
A. Lesueur. - - 2 - - 48
Description of a new crystalline form of Apophyllite,
Laumonite, and Amphibole, and of a variety of
Pearlstone. By Gerard Troost, M. D. ai? a Oe
Observations on the Nomenclature of Wilson’s Orni-
» thology. By Charles Bonaparte. (Continued.) 57
Descriptions of four new species of ape ee By

C, A. Lesueur. - 107
Note on the genus Condylura of Migr. By J. D.

Godman, M. D. - - - 109
Description of a new species of Sathislider. By Jacob,

Green. - : = a weeee 4g
Description of a new species of the genus Saurus, (Cu-

vier.) By C. A. Lesueur. — - = - 118

Descriptions of some new species of Fresh Water and

Land Shells of the United States, By Thomas

Say. - - - - - “ar B19
Description of two genera of the natural order Cruci-

feree. By Thomas Nuttall. - . = 182

iy CONTENTS.

Note, By J. D. Godman, M. D. - P 5
Description of a new species of Salamandra. By R.
Harlan, M. D. - - “eae

Notes to the paper entitled, “ Descriptions of ten spe-
cies of South American Birds.” By Charles
Bonaparte. - - : - -

On the species of the Linnean genus Asterias, inhabit-
ing the coast of the United States. By Tho-
mas Say. - - - - -

Description of a variety of the Coluber fulvius, Linn.

a new species of Scincus, and two new species
of Salamandra. By R. Harlan, M. D. -
Observations on a species of Anemone of the section
Pulsatilla, indigenous to the United States. By
Thomas Nuttall. - - - -
Descriptions of new species of Coleopterous Insects
inhabiting the United States. By Thomas Say,

135: *

136

137

141

154

158

160

JOURNAL

OF THE

ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES .
OF
PHILADELPHIA.

LIST OF OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1825.

President.
William Maclure.
Vice Presidents.
Zaccheus Collins, George Ord.
Corresponding Secretary.
Reuben Haines.
Recording Secretary.
William H. Keating.
Treasurer.
Jacob Gilliams.
Librarian.
Jacob Peirce.
Curators.

Thomas Say, C. A. Lesueur, John P. Wetherill,
Isaac Hays, M. D.
Auditors.
John M. Brewer, Samuel G. Morton, M. D.
Judah Dobson.

VOL. Vi-JUNE, 1825. ; 1

Committee of Publication.

Themas Say.

Isaac Hays, M. D.
Isaac Lea.

R. E. Griffith, M. D.
William H. Keating.

SPHAERIA. 3

Description of a number of new American Species
of Spumriz. By Lewis D. de Sechweinitz. Read
February 15, 1825.

The following pages include the description of a
number of new American species of SPHERLE, a
genus of the order PyrenomyceTes, of the class
Gasreromycetes, of Fungi, arranged according to
the system of Dr. Elias Fries, and is supplementary
to my Synopsis of Carolinian Fungi, published in the
Commentaries of the society of Naturalists at Leipzig,
by Dr. Schwegrichen.

Of 528 species of this most comprehensive genus
described in Fries’ abridgment, 330 have been ob-
served by me in America, and a large proportion
of the residue will yet, doubtless, be found. The
new species, exclusive of what Fries has incorporated,
amounts to 112. The whole number of American
Fungi which I have hitherto observed, falls little
short of 2000, and I am fully persuaded as many
more remain undiscovered. Our immense forests,
humid climate, and variety of higher ranking vege-
table productions, may well warrant this conclusion.

It is also worthy of remark that, of the number of
truly geogenous Fungi, or those not usually deemed
parasitic, because they proceed directly from the soil,
(for no Fungus has ever been found on rocks, or per-
haps on soil wholly free from vegetable matter,) very
few comparatively are met with peculiar to America;
as for instance, in the genera AGaricus, Boterus,

4 SPHERIA.

Hypnum, &c. and the same as far as we know, ap-
plies even to tropical climates, regarding their fung-
ous productions, amounting indeed to little more
than the fact that the parasitic fungous forms are com-
mensurate with the immense variety of species of
higher grades.

Considering this as a supplement to the Synopsis
of North Carolina Fungi, I shall enumerate the Eu-
ropean species I have here met with since, with such
observations as may be necessary, besides describing
the new species; and propose to continue this cata-
logue through the whole genus at a future time.

SPHERIA.
§ I. Cordyceps.
a. Series. Hypocrea.

1. S. geoglossum.L.V.S. Ofa fleshy substance,
very much like that of GzocLossum, whitish inter-
nally, very black externally: capitulum or elavula,
tongue-shaped, compressed and canaliculate in the
middle, with an obtuse subfalcate apex, and densely
covered by very small, oblong, crowded spherule,
immersed in the substance, but prominent to a per-
ceptible degree on the black surface, with small, and
scarcely prominent ostiola: stipes nearly thrice the
length of the clavula, somewhat squamulose and hir-
sute, of the same colour with the clavula, fleshy,
fibrously dividing, and white within; the whole plant
about one inch long, and very slender. It differs
materially from S. ophioglossoides, by its tender and

SPHERLA. 5

brittle substance, slender shape, and total absence of
yellow colour inside.

Pl. I, fig. 4, a, with magnified analysis of 4, and
€, section.

Found at New York, and communicated to me by
Dr. Torrey. It almost exactly resembles a GEoGLos-
suM, (especially G. Airsutum) but the capitulum is
manifestly sphzriferous.

2. S. capitata. Fries, p. ii. p. 324. I found this
rare fungus at Salem, on vegetable earth, and more
certainly without a tuber, much less growing on the
ScLeRopERMA cervinum, hitherto vainly sought by
me in America.

3. S. mucronata, L. V. S. Synops. Fung. Carol. p.
2. Fries, p. 326. I insert this species, found by me
very rarely on Liriodendron roots in Carolina, al-
though sufficiently described in the Synopsis, in order
to give a good figure, because I have not met with it
since, and have communicated my only good speci-
men to Dr. Schwegrichen, merely preserving the
drawing.

Pl. I, fig. 1, natural size; a, with analysis; 6,
magnified piece of clavula; c, section magnified.

b. Series. Hypoxylon.

4. S. subterranea, L.V.5. pl. 1, fig. 3, nat. size.
analyzed. Caulescent, suberose, undivided and very
long, with lengthened, gray, pulverulent, entire apex;
colour of the rest, blackish. These stems, of half a
foot or more in length. rise from a hirsute, suberose.

6 SPHERIA.

base, and are very often variously bent, of a suberose
texture, and clothed half way up from the base by a
thin, brownish-black tomentum; the perithecia are
dispersed here and there in the pulverulent part of
the stem, and appear rarely. The species is consid-
erably allied to S. carpophila, from which its size
and place of nativity however easily distinguish it.

In mines and wells, New Jersey. Communicated
by Dr. Torrey, often considerably more than six
inches in length.

5. S. flabelliformis, L. V.S. Merisma nigripes,
p- 85, Synops. F. C. ed. Schwegr. Having now com-
pletely ascertained that the Fungus described under
the above name, is really a Spna:ria of the present
family, I correct it here, and communicate a figure,
pl. I, f. 5, a, nat. size; b, c, magnified specimens; d,
section ; e, magnified surface of fertile ones. The peri-
thecia are produced in the fertile specimens on the
palmately expanded fimbriate summits, of a vivid
incarnate colour, which colour remains when in fruc-
tification. Fertile specimens, however, have, as is
usual in the family, their summits less expanded, some-
times nearly cylindrical, and cease to be pulverulent;
the bulb or tuber at base is often proportionably very
large, and the stems constantly very thick, in propor-
tion to their length. I have never met with a speci-
men exceeding half an inch in length.

This species exclusively inhabits decayed branches
of very soft kinds of wood, e. g. SaLix, VipuRNUM,
&c. in moist woods, Salem, N. C.

SPHERIA. 7

§ Il. Poronia.

6. S. pocula, L. V.S. Resembling an inverted Pe-
z1zA, bursting fasciculately from beneath the epider-
mis, showing 2—4 pedicillate, pendulous cupulas in a
bunch, the margin of the cupula bent in and thick,
the disk flat and pruinose; colour of the whole fungus
white, tinged with brown ; size of each cupula about
one or two lines. The perithecia are small, oblong,
lutescent, crowded in a single tier (monosticha,) to-
tally immersed in the pulverulently pruinose disk,
with black and scarcely prominent ostiola ; substance
internally suberose, albescent ; externally, the cupule
and proportionably thick stipes into which each is
contracted, are somewhat squamose or furfuraceous.

Pl. Il, fig. 6, a, nat. size; b, and c, magnified
bunches; d, section magnified.

A most remarkable species, communicated to me
by Dr. Torrey, bursting from beneath the epidermis
of Fraxinus; it is strictly of this section, and the only
one besides the European Poronia, which I consi-
der genuine. Notwithstanding indefatigable atten-
tion, I have never been able to find the S. punctata
(Poronia, Prziza punctata, auctor. veter.) in
America. It is not very rare on horse dung in Eu-
rope.

The S.-candida, L. V. S. (Synops. Carol. page 3,
n. 20.) is located by Fries as another species of this
family. But I am not satisfied that it is correctly
arranged, though certainly that species, as well as

B SPHJERIA.

S. intermedia, L. V. S. tobe described below, make au
approach towards it. These two forms are evidently
intermediate between the present tribe and the next,
but may, perhaps, be as well placed here. Still S.
pocula is undoubtedly genuine. ?

7. S. intermedia, L.V.S. In a younger state,
nearly pulvinate, when mature, substipitate and form-
ing a kind of repandly undulate, free cupula, fixed to
the inner bark by a very short, thick stipes, plicate
on the under side, and grayish black ; the upper side
or disk forms a pulvinate but flattened and unequal
surface, thickly covered with various sized, more or
less prominent spherule, of an incarnate brown, and
covered with a gray furfuraceous substance, surround-
ing the perforate ostiola, so as to make these appear
impressed. The numerous apothecia, are immersed.
in the interior brownish-black substance, entirely
analogous to that of the next family, the upper brown
cortex of which forms the spherule, conspicuous on
the upper surface; they are ovate, crowded and com-
municate with the surface, by short, very thin aper-
tures or ostiola, and form, frequently, more than one
tier. This SpHxR1A grows on the inner bark, sur-
rounded by the stellately bursting epidermis, singly,
or in clusters, sometimes assuming an unusual square
shape, sometimes more or less rounded, about three
lines in diameter, and always free in the margin,
only attached by its peculiar stipe. It is a very
distinct species.

As before observed, this new species found at
Bethlehem on decayed branches of the common wild

SPHERIA. 9

plum, is referred to this section with considerable
doubt. Itis, nevertheless, a good species, and nearly
related to S. candida, L. V.S.

§ Il. Pulvinate.

8. S. vernicosa, L.V.S. Largest of the tribe,
being upwards of one inch in height, turbinate to-
wards the top, and suddenly attenuated into a thick
stipes, much like the variety obovata of S. concen-
trica; outer cortex of the most splendid black colour,
and beautifully varnished; the surface of the upper
turbinate part is somewhat uneven, as from the sub-
jacent spherule; I have, however, been unable to
discover, with a powerful lens, any aperture of the
ostiola, which nevertheless must exist, as in proper
time, the black pulverulent mass which fills the apo-
thecia, is shed through them most copiously, after
the manner of S. concentrica, rubiformis, and other
kindred species; internally, not only the upper tur-
binate part, but likewise the large stipes is filled by
numerous concentric layers of large, densely stipate,
narrow apothecia, which appear to be entirely com-
posed of the clear white sacculus, met with in other
Spuzrias, but altogether destitute of cortex; they
remain undestroyed after the internal powder is
shed, when the fungus is entirely white inside ; the
breadth of the turbinately rounded top is about half
an inch.

First called S. enteroleuca, by me, which name I
now find pre-occupied. A very rare, but unusually

large, and extremely distinct apr nearest allied
VOL. Vi—JUNE, 1825. 2

10 SPHLERIA.

to S. concentrica. On posts of garden fences, near
the ground, at Salem, N. C.

Pl. I, fig. 2, and analysis; a, nat. size 5 de. sec-
tion ; ¢, the same magn.

9. S. enteroméla,L. V.S. Ovate, sblongty pulvi-
nate, longitudinally confluent, rubiginosely brown ;
the outer cortex, which is subsquamose, is not per-
ceptibly granulated by the subjacent spherule, and
easily detached so as to lay bare the inner black,
but not shining substance, otherwise resembling that
of S. fragiformis, in which the very small apothecia
are immersed, of an almost globular shape, and with-
out prominent ostiola, This SpuH=ria is about ; of
an inch in its shortest diameter, and often much more
in its longer one, and numbers have been found con-
fluent in the rimose bark to the length of one foot;
for the rest it is superficially attached, and by no
means immersed.

Bursting from the rimose bark of Fraxinus, in
long, ‘confluent series. Rarely found on the Lehigh
mountains near Bethlehem, and allied to S. fragi-
formis, but much larger.

10. S. teres, L. V.S. Teretely cylindrical, with an
obtusely rounded apex, growing singly and entirely
superficial; the outer cortex rubiginose, and elevated
into not’ very prominent, but large tuberculose in-
equalities; the internal substance fuliginously black,
somewhat stratified ; the apothecia large, not crowded,
and protuberant on all sides, immersed in the interior
substance. ‘The whole Spuzria about three lines in
height, and one in breadth.

2,

SPHLERIA, ll

Pl. H, fig. 7, a, nat. size; 5, section magn. 3 ¢,
magn. specimen, ’

Communicated by Z. Collins, Esq. on an inde-
terminable piece of bark. Though I am in posses-
sion of but a single specimen, (besides the one de-
stroyed in the examination) the present appears so
distinct, that I cannot hesitate in considering it a
good species, nearest related to rubiginosa; this lat-
ter is rather rare in America, and always inclined to
spread widely in the varieties here observed. But
even in the European more elevated varieties, I have
never seen an individual really pulvinate, much less
making an approach towards the unusual cylindric
shape of the one under consideration. It is one of
the most common species in Lusatia.

11. S.annulata, L.V.S. Growing superficially,
widely spreading, confluent to an unusual degree,
but occasionally single, and then neatly pulyinate,
orbiculate; the orbicular, pulvinately elevated shape
is at the same time very perceptible in the single
cxspitule or heaps of confluent Spozrizs. In the
junior state, the colour is ochroleucous, and darkens
gradually, until the outer cortex becomes perfectly
black, but not shining; it is densely and regularly
granulated by the peripherical apothecia prominent
in the surface; when come to maturity, each thus
elevated perithecium appears horizontally truncate,
with a ring-shaped elevation on the margin of the
truncature, the centre rises to a somewhat elevated,
but still much flattened conical ostiolum perfectly
smooth and shining, while the rest of the elevated

12 SPHERIA.

spherula is rather roughened; the internal stroma,
in which the numerous peripherical perithecia are
immersed in a single tier, of a subglobose shape, and
provided with the white internal sacculus or velum,
is perfectly black.

The confluent pulvinule often occupy 4—6 inches
in length and breadth on the bark, each about j of
an inch in diameter. .

Pl. Il, fig. 8, a, nat. size; b, one cespes mag-
nified ; ¢, and Sf sections; d, a single arate: magn.
from above; e, in profile.

This species considerably resembles S. multifor-.
mis, Fr. (S. rubiformis, Pers.) but is decidedly dis-
tinct; the latter I never found in North Carolina, and
here it is not near as frequent as the present species.
The remarkable and constant structure of the parts
around the ostiola, distinguishes it well, although
both species are nearly of the same size, (ours how-
ever, the larger) and have the ochroleucous or argil-
laceous colour of the junior specimens in common;
constituting in that state the S. argillacea of Persoon.
It is found sometimes in very large assemblages on
the outer bark of oak, and other logs, and sheds a
bluish-black seminal powder in great quantities. The
S. multiformis more frequently prefer fence —_
posts, &c. deprived of bark.

12. S. gelatinosa, Fries I. p. 336. This uipetiies
I have lately found on Sambucus canadensis, Bethle-
hem. It is rather too near S. rufa.

13. S. stereorum, L.V.S. Variously shaped,
updulately spreading and somewhat lobed in the

SPHERIA. 13

periphery, evidently plicate on the upper surface,
and but slightly pulvinate; colour of the upper sur-
face, light brown. In a youthful state it is sur-
rounded by a white evanescent tomentum at base, and
of a more elevated but very irregular form ; it occurs
singly, but generally is longitudinally confluent, and
principally attached to the narrow folds into which
the Thelephora, on which it grows, is compressed by
extraneous impediments, from which it spreads some-
thing like a pulpy Collema, over the hymenium
chiefly, but sometimes appears in the Pileus likewise.
Its texture is not gelatinose, but still softer than that
of the rest of the family, except rufa and gelatinosa.
The ostiola of the apothecia are conspicuously promi-
nent on the upper surface, and of a dark brown co-
lour minutely and densely granulating it; the interior
substance is perfectly white, suberosely pulverulent
the apothecia are not immersed in this, but only in
the proportionably thick outer cortex, and of a glo-
bular form; confluent patches sometimes exceed one
inch in length and three lines in breadth. Singly
growing specimens approach an orbicular form, and
are about 1—2 lines in diameter. ‘The species is su-
perficially attached, but rather free in the margin,
especially the larger lobed specimens. ‘The powder
shed by the apothecia is of a white colour, and pretty
abundant.
A very beautiful species nearly related to S. rufa
and gelatinosa; growing on the Hymenium of THELe-
PHORA, (STEREUM) fasciata, L. V.S. and some others.
Bethlehem, late in the fall. It is only on account of

14 ' SPHERIA.

its evident aflinity to the above two Spua#Ri#, that
I arrange it in this division; the habit would other-
wise induce me to place it among the S. glebosw.

§ IV. Connate.

14, S. lactea, Fries I. p. 337. This species I
have found spreading widely on the inner side of de-
cayed bark, surrounding stumps near the ground,
and in part on the earth at Bethlehem.

15, S. coprophila, Fries I. p. 342. A, most
beautiful species, found rarely in North Carolina, on
wood lying in moist places, and partially covered
with cow dung.

16. S. confluens, Fries I. p. 342. Not rare at
Bethlehem.

17. S. atramentosa, Fries I. p. 344. Found at
Salem, N. C. and communicated to some friends by
the name of S. cohortina,L. V.S. It is clearly the
species described by Fries; the colour is, however,
variable, sometimes very black, and again of an olive
brown.

18. S. hydnicola, L. V.S. Undulately effigurate,
thick, short, and proportionably much elevated, oc-
casionally confluent; external cortex deep black, un-
equally granulose and elevated into tubercules, as
from the subjacent spherule, which are large and
distant, immersed in a white stroma, provided with
an internal velum or sacculus, of a brown colour; the
ostiola are perceptibly prominent; at times where it
grows on the larger subuli, these grow together with

SPH ERIA. 15

the SpH#ria into the resemblance of a thick, mis-
shapen pedicel.

PI. II, fig. 9, a, nat. size 3 6, ec, and d, magnified ;
@, section.

Rarely found growing on the long subuli of de-
eayed hydnums, and often so as to penetrate the
substance. Nearest related to S. confluens and uda.
Single heaps are about ; of an inch in diameter.

19. S. callostroma, L.V.S. Diffusely spreading
in patches of very irregular shapes, some inches in
length, consisting at first sight of a great number of
contiguously crowded large sphaerule, of the size of
small shot, which, however, on transverse section,
appear evidently connected by a common cortex,
thus strongly granulated black, rugose and uneven;
each sphaerula is irregularly truncate at summit, and
there provided with a slightly elevated, conic, ob-
tuse ostiolum; beneath the outer black cortex, a
stroma, coarsely pulverulent and of a bright red
ochre colour on all sides, sparingly surrounds the
large apothecia, crowded irregularly into more than
one tier; their shape is generally oval, with a shining
black velum, and they connect with the external
ostiola by a very palpable neck or duct.

The species would serve as a fine type of the family.

Pl. Il, fig. 10, a, nat. size; b, c, d, magn. heaps ;
¢, section.

A handsome and distinct species lately found on
decayed Corylus in very moist and shady places; it
js apt to deceive the observer at first, as if belonging
to those simple SpHaRig which grow gregariously.

16. SPHERIA.

Close examination has, however, led me to discover
the stroma, even where but two or three sphzrulas
form the cespes. Bethlehem.

20. S. fusco-purpurea, L. V. S. Widely spreading
in variously efligurate fanciful patches, tending, how-
ever, always to extend longitudinally, mostly with
a sterile margin; the outer cortex appears black on
transverse section, but its upper surface is of a hand-—
some brownish purple colour, somewhat byssaceously
tomentose, on bark very uneven and elevated into
variously sized tubercules, all greatly granulated by
the subjacent spherule ; stroma very scant but shin-
ing black, in which the numerous apothecia are crowd-
ed into one or more tiers; they are pretty regularly
oblong-ovate, and shining black, with a whitish inter-
nal velum. The whole SpH#ria is proportionably
not much elevated, and tinges the subjacent wood or
bark, on which it grows perfectly superficially, al-
though inseparable, black.

Pl. U, fig. 11, a, nat. size; b, nat. size on bark ;
e, magnified, showing the barren margin ; d, section.

Likewise a very handsome new species, which is
more nearly related to S. rubiginosa, than S. atro-
purpurea, with which I confounded it formerly. Not
rare both at Salem and here, on soft decaying wood,
and on the bark of similar kinds; when on bark it
assumes a somewhat different appearance, the sterile
margin spreads into more irregular shapes, and the
upper surface is much more tuberculous; on wood it
is often to a great extent very even and very regu-
larly granulated.

EXPERIMENTS ON ANTHRACITE, PLUMBAGO, &c. 47

Experiments on Anruracite, PLumpaco, &c. By
Larpner Vanuxem. Read March 15, 1825.

These experiments were undertaken with a view

_ to determine whether the globules obtained by Pro-

fessor Silliman, from the above substances, were owing
to a fusion of their carbon, or merely to the impuri-
ties or foreign matter contained within them. They
were long delayed by my waiting for some sheet zinc
necessary to repair a Deflagrator intended to be used
for the purpose of obtaining the globules; but this
not arriving, I resolved to avail myself of the sugges-
tion of Professor Silliman, namely, that of using the
compound blowpipe, which answered perfectly well.
In the experiments with the blowpipe, the substances
were placed upon platina foil, spread upon a lump of
magnesia ; the size of the pieces subjected to its ac-
tion, was about 4 an inch in diameter, and } of an
inch in thickness. The light in the greater num-
ber of instances, was so intense, that I found it neces-
sary to use double green glasses.

The mode pursued in the analysis of Anthracite
and Plumbago was as follows. The presence of water
was ascertained by heating a few small pieces of the
substance in a glass tube, closed at one end; and the
quantity of water by heating a given portion in a
covered platina crucible. Another portion was pul-
verized in an agate mortar; then a given weight of
it was put into a platina crucible, and _— without

VOL. V.—JUNF, 1825. 3

18 EXPERIMENTS ON

its cover at a red heat in a small French furnace,
until the whole of the carbon was consumed ; the re-
sidue was then boiled in water for an alkali; after
which operation it was heated with caustic potash in
a silver crucible: when the fusion of the mass was
completed, water was added, and the whole then dis-
solved with nitro-muriatic acid. By evaporating
the liquor to dryness, and adding acidulated water
and filtering, the silex was obtained. To the liquor
from this operation, ammonia in excess was added,
and by this agent, the iron, manganese, and alumine
contained in the liquor, were precipitated; the lat-
ter was separated from the two former by caustic
potash. No attempt was made to ascertain the rela-
tive proportions of iron and manganese ; this know-
ledge not being considered important. The presence
of manganese was evidenced by the green colour of
the alkaline fusion ; and a rose colour, when acid was
added to the liquor. No allowance was made for
the difference in the degree of oxidation of the iron
and manganese in the substances used, and the pro-
ducts obtained, as the amount was less than one per
cent. where most abundant.

The first experiments made with the globules,
were with potash, and with carbonate of soda on sil-
ver, and on platina foil; with these agents I could
not produce much effect, but by using a small quan-
tity of carbonate of lime, carbonate of soda and borax,
on platina foil; their fusion, whether they were co-
loured or colourless, opaque or transparent, was ef-
fected in a few minutes.

ANTHRACITE, PLUMBAGO, kc. 19

Experiment 1st. A piece of the purest Anthracite
of Lehigh, subjected to the blowpipe, presented nu-
merous small white globules; few were tinged with
violet, and two or three were blackish; the globules
did not readily unite with one another; however, by
long continued heat, some of the globules were ob-
tained of the size of the head of a small pin; the
greater number of them were but feebly translucent,
and could be broken by a moderate force ; others,
though few in number, were transparent, hard, and
not so brittle. The white globules were not mag-
netic, except when dark spots were present; the
blackish ones were magnetic, and like the whole of
them could be fractured by pressure. The surface
of the mass whitened, as observed in the ordinary
combustion of this coal, and presented veins or layers
of the matter of the white globules; showing that the
impurities of the coal were not regularly intermixed
with its carbon, or, upon the supposition of its being
fused carbon, that its production was extremely ir-
regular.

With the flux before mentioned, the different
kinds of globules were melted without difficulty. By
heating a centigramme and a half of the globules
in powder, for a long time, with caustic potash, about
$ of a centigramme of silex was obtained. It mani-
fested itself by its gelatinous appearance before the
water was driven off.

90 EXPERIMENTS ON

The result of the analysis of this Anthracite, was

Carbon, - - : . - > - 904
Water,* . x 7 - - - - 6.6
Silex, - 1.2
Alumine,— - bil

Residue by incineration,

of a dirty white colour, $3.3 consisting of Oxides of iron and) 4 9

manganese. 5
Loss, : 08

—

100.0

Experiment 2nd. The Anthracite of Rhode isleed,
by the action of the blowpipe, presented « brownish
appearance after cooling, (owing to manganese.) “The
surface exhibited numerous globules, larger then
those of the Lehigh ; some of them were transparent,
colourless, and very brilliant by refiected light; others,
and the most abundant, were black and opaque, and
were strongly attracted by the magnet; a few were
coloured white and black in spots; the white spots
resembling enamel. The surface of the mass pre-
sented minute veins similar to those of the Lehigh.

Some of the black globules were heated for a long
time on platina foil, with carbonate of soda ; the mass
was yellowish, but became black when immersed in
water. By heating and dipping into water several
times, the globules whitened ; I could not effect their
fusion in this way, but with the compound flux they
readily fused. With this flux the different kinds
were tried, and with the same effect.

* It is rather singular that so great a quantity of water
as is contained in Anthracite, should heretofore have es-
caped notice. It is my intention to examine all the dif.
ferent kinds of coal, to ascertain if this fact be general.

ANTHRACITE, PLUMBAGO, &e. bf

The analysis of this Anthracite from Rhode Island,

gave,

Carbon, - - - - - - - 90.03
Water, - - - - - - - rete
< 4359) Silex, - - 2.

Residue by incinera- Falk
tion, which was aig 5.07 consisting a} See and 2.50
. . >
a light brick red, lisa: A3
100.00

Another specimen from the same locality, whose
colour was a little different, being of a deeper black,
and which was not tried with the blowpipe, gave

Carbon, - - - - - - - 77.70
Water, - - - . - - - 6.70
é ae Silex, - - 8.50
Residue by incinera- ag SS
tion, colour ted 15.60 consisting of- os on os we 7.10
same as the former. Naucaton. . trace,
100.00

Experiment 3d. A specimen of Plumbago from
Borrowdale, of great purity, as judged by its external
characters and mechanical properties, was subjected
to the blowpipe; the globules began to form imme-
diately and in great number, attended occasionally
by scintillations, owing to the combustion of iron;
the globules were small; the greater part of them
were black, opaque, and of great lustre ; others were
dull, of a brownish colour, and feebly translucent ;
almost all of them were attracted by the magnet.
The surface of the heated part of the Plumbago was
brownish.

The globules, though acted upon with great diffi-
culty by soda, and by potash, readily yielded to the
compound flux, and formed a limpid yellowish glass.

22 EXPERIMENTS ON

A large globule, by repeatedly heating it with car-
bonate of soda, and plunging it into water, became
rough, and finally opened in the centre ; it then dis-
solved in nitro-muriatic acid. By evaporating the
liquor to dryness, the yellow colour of the iron was
very manifest ; acidulated water took it up, leaving
a white substance like silex, floating in the liquor.
The analysis of this Plumbago gave

Carbon, - - : . - - . 88.37

Water, a . ‘5 - - - - 1.23

lex, .- 5.10

Residue by incineration, Alumine, - 1.00

colour, yellowish back 10.4 consisting of{ Oxides of iron — 3.60
red, manganese,

Loss, 70

100.00

Experiment 4th. An impure specimen of Plum-
bago from the same locality, gave numerous and
large globules; some of the size of small shot; they
readily formed ; the majority of them were translu-
cent, shining, and of a light greenish-yellow, others
were dark coloured; and some of them were dull
externally. The dark globules, as well as the sur-
face of the mass of Plumbago exposed to the flame,
was attracted by the magnet; some of the light co-
loured ones were affected by the magnet, but only
at the point where they had been attached to their
support, owing to particles of the support adhering
to them. During the combustion of the Plumbago,
there were occasionally, scintillations; the heated
surface of the mass was brownish.

A large globule of the lightest colour and mag-
fietic only at one point, melted with ease when the

ANTHRACITE, PLUMBAGO, &c. 23

compound flux was used; it formed a transparent
mass when hot, and opaque and milky when cold.
The black ones with the same flux were also fused 5
they were brownish when hot, and greenish when
cold. They were acted upon with great difliculty
by caustic potash, and by carbonate of soda.

The analysis of this Plumbago gave
Carbon, - ® “ y . .

Water, - - - - - = - 5.33

Silex, - 10.10

Residue by incineration, Alumine, - 3.20

colour of a dirty vag 33.4 consisting of} Oxide ofiron and? 99 99
lowish-red. manganese, E :

: Loss, 10

100.00

Experiment 5th. A specimen of Plumbago re-
markably pure, from near Bustletown, Penn. was
tried with the blowpipe. The globules were formed
with difficulty, probably owing to its foliated texture,
the fused parts spreading over the surface. The co-
lour in places was white and translucent, in others
so dark as to be almost black.

With the flux before mentioned, the fused matter
was reduced to a transparent glass.

The analysis of this Plumbago gave

Carbon, - 4 rs .
Water, - : - : =

- - 94.40
- - - 0.60
Ps Saag! Silex, : - 2.60

esidue by incineration, 2? ~- HH Oxides of iron and
colour light brick red, $ #-0 consisting of. manganese, é 140
Loss, 1,00

-

100.00
Similar experiments were made with Plumbago
from several other localities; the results of which

24 EXPERIMENTS ON

were no wise different, and therefore need no further
mention. ;

Experiment 6th. A piece of charred mahogany,
during its combustion by the compound blowpipe,
presented numerous small, imperfect globules, owing
to the force of the flame, which dissipated their sup-
port before they had time to form or to accumulate
to any considerable size ; many of them adhered to-
gether, ramifying like flos feri, which they resem-
bled; they were collected by placing a dish under
their support. By the compound flux, they readily
fused into a transparent glass.

Experiment 7th. A quantity of lampblack was
pressed into a mould with great force, and made to
assume the form of a cylinder of about 2 of an inch
in diameter, and } an inch in thickness; it weighed
seven grammes. This cylinder of lampblack was
subjected to the blowpipe. It wasted away gradually
without forming any globules or fused matter, visible
to the naked eye or to the microscope. The heat
was equally as intense in this experiment as in all
the other instances, and no condition was wanting to
produce the same effects, except the difference of
composition. After burning the lampblack for as
long a time as was thought necessary to make the
experiment a fair one, it was again weighed, and
found to have lost four grammes, ;43,, for it weighed
but two grammes, +y5-

Five grammes of the same lampblack heated in an
open platina crucible, left after its incineration, one

ANTHRACITE, PLUMBAGO, &c. 25

eentigramme of white ashes, equal to 335 of the
mass.

From the analyses of the substances, used by Pro-
fessor Silliman, from which the globules were ob-
tained, it appears that they all contain foreign mat-
ter, as silex, iron, manganese, and some of them also
alumine ; that when lampblack was used which con-
tained but 33,5 of fixed impurities, no distinct glo-
bule or melted matter was formed; although the
heat was sufliciently great, and the combustion slow
enough to admit of the forming of globules, if their
production was owing to the fusion of carbon, and
not to extraneous matter. From my own experi-
ments I always found that the more impure the sub-
stance was, the more numerous and the larger were
the globules produced.

All the globules from the different kinds of sub-
stances used, were readily fused by the compound
flux, and underwent little change when it was not
used ; although the heat was, in this case, of longer
continuance. Matter similar to the impurities dis-
covered in the substances used, was detected in them.

From these facts it would appear, that the globules
produced from the combustible substances operated
upon, did not arise from the fusion of their carbon,
since they can otherwise be accounted for; particu-
larly as no experiment has been made which unequi-
vocally leads to that conclusion. The experiment
upon which Professor Silliman relies, as a proof of
the globules being fused carbon, is one which is not
satisfactory to me ; if it had been, it would have given

VOL, Ve—JUNE, 1825. 4

26 EXPERIMENTS ON

me great pleasure ; for no one, I trust, feels more in-
terested in the scientific prosperity of his country
than I do; and if Professor Silliman were right, it
would indeed be a triumph for America.

The experiment just alluded to, (see vol. vi. p. 347,
Journal of Science, ) is the heating some of the colour-
ed globules in oxygen gas by the solar rays, with a
lens. The following is an extract from the papers.

** To detach any portion of unmelted Plumbago
which might adhere to them, I carefully rubbed them
between my thumb and finger, in the palm of my
hand. Although they were in the focus for nearly half
an hour, they did not melt, disappear, or alter their
form ; it appeared, however, on examining the gas,
that they had given up a part of their substance to
the oxygen, for carbonic acid was formed which gave
a decided precipitate with lime-water.”

That this experiment is equivocal appears certain,
as. particles of the support might have been attached
to the globules; for, from my own observations, I
found that in a great number of instances, some
of the white globules at the point of junction with
their support, had small dark particles attached to
them, and when the surface from which they were
detached was magnetic, they were attracted by the
magnet when it was presented to those parts; I could
not disengage those particles by rubbing the globules
with my fingers against one another. It is very evi-
dent that, as the globules underwent no change,
(unless a reduction of volume, which is not mentioned)
as the description clearly shows, the carbonic acid

a

ANTHRACITE, PLUMBAGO, &c. 27

obtained, might have been produced by the combus-
tion of portions of the support adhering to them ex-
ternally, and penetrating them to a certain extent.

In the experiment detailed in vol. v. p. 363, of
the same Journal, the carbonic acid found, probably
had a similar origin, and the disappearance of the
globules may have been owing to their incorporating
themselves with the piece of brick upon which they
were placed, as the brick was vitrified at the point
where they were placed.

Professor Silliman seems disposed to lay great
stress on the loss in my examination of the globule,
sent by Dr. Macneven. I thought I had well ac-
counted for it, as the particle was small, action vio-
lent, and I merely wished to show chemically, the
presence of iron. I could not, for one moment, enter-
tain the idea that carbon existed in it, in any notable
proportion ; for I know of no combination of iron and
carbon at common temperature, which could give a
product possessed of the malleability and toughness
which the globule possessed.

I was sorry to observe that Professor Silliman in
his reply to my paper, seems offended that I did not
notice his communications upon the subject of these
globules, particularly as the discovery was his, and
was justly entitled to such consideration. My si-
lence certainly appeared uncourtly, but it was not
owing to ignorance of his labours, or a want of regard
to him personally, or as a chemist; Professor Silliman’s
merit is too well known to be affected by me.

28 ADDITIONS TO THE ORNITHOLOGY

~

Additions to the Ornithology of the United States.
By Cuarres Bonaparte. Read May 10, 1825.

Mr. Titian Peale’s expedition to Florida has en-
riched the Fauna of the United States, in several of
its departments, with many interesting species. Of
the birds, which will be introduced into the pages
of my American Ornithology, the following are more
particularly worthy of immediate notice.

Fatco.
Subgenus Elanus, Savigny.

F. melanopterus, Daud. Canus, subtus albus;
tectricibus alarum nigris ; cauda subequali; unguibus
subtus rotundatis.

Pale bluish-gray, beneath white; wing-coverts
black ; tail nearly even; nails rounded beneath.

This beautiful hawk is certainly an important ac-
quisition to the Ornithology of this country. Of all
birds it is one of the most extensive in its range, be-
ing found in almost every part of the globe. To-
gether with the F. furcatus, and a few others, it
forms a very natural and strongly marked subgenus,
which, with Savigny, Leach, and others, we have
called Elanus, notwithstanding Vieillot has changed
that name to Llanoides. ‘Though of comparatively
recent discovery, this bird is already superabundantly
supplied with names; it is the F. melanopterus, and
F. sonninensis, Latham; the Elanus cwsius, of Sa-

OF THE UNITED STATES. 29

vigny and Vieillot, the Z/anus melanopterus of Leach,
&c. It was first accurately described and figured by
Levaillant, under the name of Blac.

We readily recognize this species in the excellent
description that d’Azara has given of his ALcon
blanco, which, Vieillot, pursuing his improper plan of
giving names to species he had never seen, called
Mixvus /eucurus. He afterwards perceived that it
was an Llanus, (and on that account changed this
generic name to that of E/anotdes) but he placed it
in a different section from that to which he referred
African specimens of the same species !

I take this opportunity to give a specific phrase to
distinguish the other North American species of this
subgenus.

F. furcatus, Linn. Albus; dorso, alis, caudaque
valde forficata nigris ; unguibus subtus canaliculatis.

White; back, wings, and deeply forked tail, glossy
black; nails beneath, canaliculate.

The latter character shows the impropriety of at-
tributing rounded nails to all the Zlani.

SyLvia.

S. palmarum, Lath. Fusco-olivacea, vertice ru-
fescenti-subtus ; flavo; albida, pectore striato, crisso
flavo ; rectricibus extimis duabus intus apice macula
alba.

Brown-olive; vertex rufous; beneath, yellowish-
white ; breast striated; under tail-coverts pure yel-

30 ADDITIONS TO THE ORNITHOLOGY

low; two exterior tail-feathers white on the imner
web at tip.

This species has hitherto been known as a West
Indian only. The adult male seems to have been un-
known.

CoLUMBA.
Subgenus Columba.

C. leucocephala, Linn. This well known species
will now have a place amongst the birds inhabiting
the United States, as Mr. Peale has brought specimens
from the southern part of Florida, where they resort
to breed, in company with an undescribed Dove, that
may be distinguished from the C. carolinensis, which
it closely resembles, by the following characters.

C. zenaida, Nob. Rufo-cinerea, subtus vinacea ;
orbitis ceruleis; macula pone aures amethystina ;
cauda brevi, quali, fascia nigra, rectricibus duode-
cim, tribus extimis apice griseis.

Brownish-ash ; beneath vinaceous; orbits pale blue;
an amethystine spot under the ear; tail of twelve
feathers, short, even, with a black band; three outer
feathers pearl gray at tip.

Rauuus, Linn.
Subgenus Rallus.

One of the most important proceeds of Mr. Peale’s
mission, is a new species of Rail, of an extraordinary
stature, being by far the largest known of the genus.

OF THE UNITED STATES. 31

R. giganteus, Nob. Fusco-virens, pennis medio
longitudinaliter albis; uropygio, remigibus rectrici-
busque immaculatis ; remigum prima falciformi.

" Blackish, glossed with green; feathers longitudi-
nally white in the middle; rump, quills, and tail
feathers immaculate ; first primary falciform.

Length 2 feet 1 inch; bill nearly 5 inches.

On a late visit to New York, I observed two spe-
cimens of this bird in the well kept museum of that
city. They are labelled as undescribed Rails. I
am informed that one was brought alive from South
America, whilst the other was shot at Long Branch,
N. J. where it had undoubtedly strayed.

STERNA.

S. ecayana, Lath. Alba; occipite nigro; dorso
alisque canis ; remigum scapis albis ; rostro elongato,
ex flavicante rubello.

White ; occiput black ; back and wing, pale bluish-
gray; quill-shafts white; bill elongated, pale yel-
lowish-red.

Perfect winter plumage ; in the summer the whole
top of the head is black.

Total length 174 inches; bill 33; tarsus 11.

32 HISTER.

Descriptions of new species of Hister and Howo-
LEPTA, inhabiting the United States. By T.
Say. Read May 10, 1825. 7

HIsTeER.

.

Family 1. Head with a transverse stria; thorax
with one or two stria; tibiz.dentated.

A. Thorax with two lateral striz, entire or one
abbreviated.

+ Elytra with the marginal stria.

1. H. memnonius. Inner thoracic stria abbre-
viated a little beyond the middle; elytra, each with
a basal puncture.

Body black, somewhat polished : head slightly con-
vex, arcuated line very distinct: mandibles a little
prominent: antennz dull piceous: thorax with the
inner stria abbreviated at about ¢ the length of the
thorax, a very short impressed line on the middle of
the base: elytra with the marginal and four dorsal
strie entire; the fourth hardly reaching. the base ;
fifth less than half the length of the elytrum ; sutural
stria more than half the length of the elytrum; an
obvious impressed puncture at base equidistant from
the fourth stria and the scutel : feet piceous : anterior
tibia quadridentate.

Length nearly } of an inch.

I received this species from Dr. J. F. Melsheimer,
under the name I have adopted. The punctures of

HISTER. 33

the elytra are much nearer to the base than those of
the senegalensis as represented by Paykull.

_ 2. H. depurator. Inner thoracic stria longer ;
elytra, marginal stria obsolete ; dorsal strie three.

H. unicolor, Melsh. Catal.

Body black, polished; head slightly convex, ar-
cuated line very distinct: mandibles a little promi-
nent: antenne piceous: thorax with the exterior ,
stria a little shorter than the inner one, which ex-
tends to the basal margin: e/ytra, marginal stria ob-
solete, consisting only of a ‘series of punctures which
extend no further than the middle; dorsal strie
three, entire ; fourth stria consisting of from nine to
twelve impressed points, not extending beyond the
middle; fifth stria very short, obsolete, and consist-
ing of two or three impressed points; sutural stria
abbreviated at the middle, generally interrupted at
the posterior tip into a short series of punctures:
anterior tibie tridentate; terminal tooth slightly
emarginate ; superior tooth often obsolete.

Length rather more than } of an inch.

Var. a. Marginal line obsoletely continued by
the humerus in punctures.

Var. b. Ferruginous.

Altogether distinct from the wnicolor of Fabr.
which has the exterior marginal and abbreviated strix
very distinct, and the anterior tibie six toothed.
Dr. J. F. Melsheimer has since given it the name
which I adopt. It is a very common species, in-
habiting throughout the union. I obtained a speci-

VOL. V.—JuLY, 1825. 5

34 HISTER.

menin Arkansa. It differs from H. thoracicus, Payk.
by having the sutural stria.

3. H. arcuatus. Elytra witha large rufous lunate
vitta ; anterior tibi# with two entire teeth.

Body black, polished: head with the transverse
line very distinct: entennz tipped with fulvous:
thorax ciliated each side with yellowish hairs ; striz
. entire, reaching the base and not undulated near the
tip: elytra with a broad rufous vitta, commencing
at the middle of the base, where it is dilated, and
curving; so as to reach the sutural stria near the tip;
marginal stria very distinct, entire; three dorsal
strie entire; fourth and fifth abbreviated, not reach-
ing the middle; sutural strie extending rather beyond
the middle ; a slight transverse indentation near the
tip: thighs bright rufous: anterior tibie with two
very prominent entire teeth.

Length 3 of an inch.

Var. a. Transverse line of the head not very ob- ©
vious ; fifth stria of the elytra obsolete.

This species is rather rare. In its general appear-
ance as respects colour, it resembles the sinuatus,
Panz. which, however, is destitute of the marginal
stria. The variety occurred in Arkansa.

4. H. difidus. Thoracic strie entire; marginal
and four dorsal striz entire; an oblique abbreviated
stria at base.

Body black, immaculate : head with the transverse
line very distinct ; an obsolete, longitudinal line visi-
ble in a particular insidence of light: antenne with

HISTER. 35

the tip of the clavum pale: thorax, strie entire, not
approaching at tip: elytra, marginal stria entire,
near the base exterior to the humerus, bifid and di-
varicated ; an abbreviated, very oblique stria from
the humeral angle, inwards towards the first dorsal
stria ; dorsal strie four, entire ; fifth not reaching the
tidiios 3 sutural stria extending beyond the middle ;
an abbreviated, very oblique stria at base, being the
origin of the very widely interrupted fifth stria : an-
terior tarsi three toothed, the intermediate tooth
largest, three smaller teeth above.

Length less than } of an inch.

From the character of the fifth stria this species
might be mistaken for the interruptus of Beauvois,
but it is a much smaller insect, and the interruptus
has two abbreviated strie at the base of the elytra.

It is an inhabitant of Missouri; I obtained two
specimens when with Major Long’s party in that
region.

Tt. Elytra destitute of the marginal striz.

5. H. indistinetus. Thoracic strie entire; dor-
sal strie four, entire ; fifth stria abbreviated, obsolete ;
sutural stria slight.

Body black, immaculate : head with the transverse
line very distinet : thorax with an indentation on the
middle of the posterior submargin ; lateral strie en-
tire and not approaching at their tips: elytra with
four entire dorsal strie ; fifth abbreviated, more or
less obsolete, generally consisting of five or six punc-
tures ; sutural stria not deeply impressed, extending

y*

36 HISTER.

rather beyond the middle, and not reaching the tip:
anterior tibiz tridentate, terminal tooth largest,
emarginate.

Length less than } of an inch.

B. Thoracic stria single.

6. H. sedecimstriatus. Dorsal strie entire; fifth
connected to the sutural at base.

Body black, immaculate : head with the transverse
line distinct : antennz ferruginous, paler at tip: tho-
rax with the stria entire and well impressed : elytra
with the dorsal and sutural strie entire, the latter
uninterruptedly connected with the fifth at base;
marginal strie two, exterior one entire, inner one
abbreviated at the termination of the small oblique
line ; terminal margin with small profound punctures :
feet piceous: anterior tibiz tridentate.

Length more than 3, of an inch.

This species is not uncommon, and seems to extend
to many remote parts of the Union, as I obtained a
specimen in Missouri. The fifth and sutural strie
of the elytra unite at base as obviously as those of
the 12-striatus of Europe and Africa ; it is therefore,
somewhat similar to the americanus of Paykull,
which, however, differs by being altogether destitute
of the marginal stria of the elytra, and by having
two thoracic striz, though one of them is much ab-
breviated. It may be useful to state in this place,
that Paykull has represented his americanus as hav-
ing the sutural stri# widely interrupted at base from
the basal termination of the fifth stria; in this char-

i ee

eo SS ee I eI

HISTER. 37

acter he is, perhaps, correct, as respects a few spe-
cimens, but in most individuals the connexion can
be traced, with the exception of a very short interval
of absolute interruption.

7. H. obliquus. Elytra with an oblique rufous
spot at tip; lateral thoracic stria interrupted from the
anterior one.

Body black: head with the transverse line angu-
lated in the middle: antennx rufous: thorax, an
orbicular indentation at the angle formed by the an-
terior and lateral strie, which do not join: elytra
with a large oblique spot on the exterior tip, extend-
ing from the sutural angle to the humerus, where it
is obsolete ; four dorsal stria, entire ; fifth somewhat
abbreviated, being obviously shorter than the others ;
sutural stria extending to the middle: feet with a
large, prominent, slightly emarginate tooth at tip,
and three smaller ones.

Length more than 4 of an inch.

This is so much like the dimaculatus, Linn. of
Europe, that I have long hesitated to describe it,
being inclined to consider it a mere variety of that
species. Paykull represents the frontal stria of the
bimaculatus of the usual form, excepting that it is
more obtuse than others, whereas that of our insect
is precisely similar to the same part of the senegalen-
sis, Payk. this character, for which I rely on the
accuracy of Paykull, combined with those of the in-
terrupted thoracic striw, and the somewhat abbre-
viated fifth dorsal stria, justify the separation of this
insect as an independent species.

38 HISTER.

Family 2. Frontal stria obsolete or none ; lateral
thoracic stria none ; elytra with entire strie ; anterior
tibia’ entire.

8. H. nigrellus. Strie of the elytra equidistant,
equal, rectilinear ; front convex.

H. flavicornis, Melsh. Catal.

Body oval, black: front convex, more prominent
in the middle, a slight angle over the insertion of the
antenn : antennz piceous, clavum oval, pale fulvous :
thorax densely and equally punctured: elytra with
all the strie rectilinear, entire and equidistant, ex-
cepting the marginal one, which is very obsolete,
hardly perceptible and generally abbreviated: stria
on the lateral edge of the superior surface as distinct
as the dorsal ones: feet piceous: anterior tibiz ciliat-
ed with short spines.

Length 4 of an inch.

Var. a. Body piceous.

This species is altogether different from the flavi-
cornis, Herbst, in which are but three abbreviated
strie at the base of the elytra. I therefore adopt a
name given by Dr. J. F. Melsheimer. It is certainly
very closely allied-to the fulvicornis, Fabr. and may
possibly prove to be a variety of that insect.

9. H. conjunctus. Fifth dorsal stria abbreviated ;
fourth united with the sutural stria at base.

Body oval, black: head minutely punctured, slight-
ly concave before, and somewhat angulated over the
insertion of the antenne: antennx and mandibles
piceous, the former with a dull fulvous capitulum :

ee ee ee

HISTER. 39

thorax more obviously punctured each side: elytra
piceous at the terminal margin; marginal stria obso-
lete, more distinct behind; four dorsal strie entire,
the fourth very obtusely incurved at base, so as al-
most to join the sutural stria ; fifth stria abbreviated,
extending a little beyond the middle : anterior tibiz
narrower at tip, and very obtusely and slightly cre-
nate on the edge.

Length rather less than +, of an inch.

A very distinct species, remarkable for the con-
nexion of the fourth and sutural striz.

10. H. subrotundus. Front concave ; elytra with
the sutural stria abbreviated.

H. subrotundus, Melsh. Catal.

Body rounded, black: front concave, transverse
line obsolete: mandibles piceous: thorax more ob-
viously punctured on the sides: elytra each side and
at tip rufo-piceous; marginal stria hardly reaching
the middle; five dorsal strie entire; sutural stria
abbreviated beyond the middle ; terminal submargin
transversely indented: beneath blackish-piceous: feet
rufo-piceous : anterior tibie not wider at tip than in
the middle, ciliated with distant spines.

Length much less than 4, of an inch.

Var. a. Fifth dorsal stria abbreviated, (rare. )

Var. b. Entirely black.

This seems to be closely allied to the troglodytes,
Payk. of the East Indies; but in that species the
form is more oval, and the anterior tibiw are biden-
tated. It is a common species and varies in size.

40 HISTER.

11. H. vernus. Front concave; elytra with two
abbreviated strix. %

Body black: head minutely punctured : front con-
cave: antennz with the capitulum piceous : mandi-
bles dark piceous: thorax with rather large, distant
punctures each side; a much abbreviated impressed
line on the posterior margin: edytra with the margi-
nal strie abbreviated, not extending beyond the
middle ; dorsal striz four, entire, well impressed ;
fifth and sutural strie abbreviated rather before the
middle: feet piceous: anterior tarsi crenate, with
three larger, subequal, spinous teeth.

Length ,, of an inch.

Family 3. Front convex, punctured ; thorax with-
out strie, punctured each side; elytra striate and
punctured.

12. H. fraternus. A transverse impunctured space
on the thorax, and a common one on the elytra ; first
dorsal stria reaching the tip; head with impressed
lines.

Body brassy-black : head somewhat rugous before :
antenne with a dull rufous capitulum : thorax densely
punctured, excepting a transverse space behind the
middle : elytra densely punctured, excepting an oval
common space near the base and the lateral margin ;
marginal strie obvious, not reaching the humerus ;
first dorsal slightly undulated near the base, entire,
much incurved behind the middle; second, third,
fourth, and sutural strie abbreviated at the middle,
the two latter connected at base : beneath black : feet

FR LORS ee

HISTER. 4}

piceous-black : anterior tarst quadridentate, penulti-
mate tooth largest, and two or three smaller ones at
base.

Length rather more than 4, of an inch.

Var. a, Cupreous dull.

Length less than ,% of an inch.

‘Inhabits Missouri.

Very closely allied to the 4-striatus, Payk. of
Europe, but the impunctured space of the thorax is
much smaller, and that of the elytra is shorter, trans-
versely oval. Not uncommon. It occurs numerous
on the sea beach under Fuci, and other decaying
vegetable and animal substances. I obtained a spe-
cimen also in East Florida.

13. H. mancus. Thoracic punctures smaller on the
disk ; a common space on the elytra, impunctured ;
dorsal striz all abbreviated ; head without impressed
lines.

Body black: head punctured, compressed before
and destitute of ruge: thorax densely punctured ;
punctures smaller on the disk, and particularly be-
hind the middle: elytra densely punctured, trans-
verse common space near the base, and humerus,
impunctured ; marginal stria entire ; dorsal strie ab-
breviated rather behind the middle; fourth and su-
tural strie connected at base: feet piccous-black :
anterior tibize not dentated, but with remote short
thick spines.

Length rather less than 3, of an inch. -

I obtained it in the North West Territory during
Major Long’s second Expedition. It resembles the

VOL. V.—JuLY, 1825, 6

42 HISTER,

preceding, but the abbreviated first dorsal stria, and
the entire anterior tarsi, amply distinguish it.

14. H. palmatus. Thorax, excepting on the pos-
terior margin, impunctured ; anterior tibie profound-
ly dentated. |

Body black: head with a transverse line and a lon-
gitudinal bifarious one : antennz, small joints rufous:
thorax without any appearance of punctures, except
on the narrow basal margin, where they are rather
large : e/ytra punctured on the terminal half, but not
exterior to the line of the third stria ; marginal stria
abbreviated ; four dorsal strie abbreviated, the fourth
united to the sutural stria at base: feet blackish-
piceous : anterior tibie with two or three prominent
teeth, and four or five smaller ones.

Length less than } of an inch.

Family 4. Body oblong or elongated, flattened ;
clypeus concave ; thorax marginated, punctured each
side; elytra striated; anterior tarsi denticulated ;
posterior pairs with but a single series of spines.

15. H. parallelus. Elytra with entire striz ; ante-
rior tarsi quadridentate ; frontal line distinct.

Body somewhat elongated, a little depressed, black :
head punctured, with a distinct transverse, impressed
line, anterior to which the surface is a little concave:
antenne pale rufous: mandibles piceous: thorax
punctured, those of the disk a little smaller: elytra
slightly punctured each side and at tip; all the striz
entire: beneath piceous-black: feet pale piceous:

a re

HISTER, 43

anterior tarsi four toothed, two terminal teeth nearly
equal.

Length from more than {5 to less than ,o0f an
inch.

Var. a. Sutural stria obsolete at base.

Rather common. I have also found it in East
Florida.

16. H. frontalis. Head a little depressed 3 nasus
very short, transverse line indistinct; elytra with
entire strie.

Body oblong, somewhat depressed, black: head
depressed, the clypeus terminating before in a rather
prominent line between the antennz ; transverse line
obsolete ; nasus very short, transverse linear, not
concave: labrum and mandibles piceous: antenne
piceous, with a yellow capitulum: thorax subequally
punctured: e/ytra slightly punctured on the lateral
margin and tip; striz entire; fifth obsolete at base,
or continued only by punctures: anterior tarsi with
four small teeth.

Length less than ;; of an inch.

Very similar to the preceding, but much smaller,
and distinguished by the peculiar form of that part
of the head to which the labrum is attached: this
part is transverse linear. I obtained a specimen on
the eastern shore of Virginia.

Family 5. Body flattened, oval; intermediate
and posterior pairs of tibie with but a single series
of spines,

A4 HISTER.

17. H. sordidus. Thorax impunctured ; marginal
strie of the elytra none; inner strie abbreviated. —

Body polished: head concave in front; transverse
line very obvious: thorax impunctured, marginal
line single: e/ytra destitute of a marginal line ; first,
second, and third striz entire ; fourth, fifth, and su-
tural strie anteriorly abbreviated at the middle, sub-
equal; the sutural one often rather longest: anterior
and intermediate pairs of tibie, five toothed, of
which the superior tooth is very small, and with the
appearance of a still smaller one above: posterior
tibie with several spines.

Length less than 3, of an inch.

This is very similar to H. depressus, of Europe,
but there is no appearance of punctures on the thorax.

18. H. xqualis. Elytra destitute of obvious striz,
minutely punctured.

Hister xqualis, Melsh. Catal.

Body much flattened, black : head slightly convex,
very minutely punctured ; transverse line marginal,
much arcuated : antenne, capitulum rufous: thorax
with very minute lateral punctures, lateral line nar-
row: elytra punctured, punctures small, numerous ;
a very slight appearance of a marginal stria, and of
one or two oblique abbreviated ones at base : anterior
tibie somewhat dilated, teeth four, obsolete : posterior
tibie unarmed,

Length ,3, of an inch,

To the unassisted eye, the elytra appear perfectly
smooth, and it is only on a close examination, aided

HISTER. 45

by a particular insidence of light, that the stria we
have described, are at all visible. In some speci-
mens, the anterior tibiw are hardly crenate, in others
they appear armed with four very short spine-like
teeth.

Family 6. Punctured, convex ;sutural strie none.

19. H. punctulatus. Dorsal strie four, the inner
ones abbreviated near the tip.

Hister punctulatus, Melsh. Catal.

Body rounded, subovate, black: head with small
numerous punctures: antenne# piceous, capitulum
pale fulvous : thorax with small numerous punctures,
less distinct on the disk: elytra irregularly punctured 5
first and second dorsal strie entire, well impressed 5
third and fourth strie less deeply impressed, extend-
ing from the base to near the tip, where they are
abbreviated, the latter shorter: feet piceous: ¢ibizx
dilated in the middle, much smaller at tip.

Length nearly ,°, of an inch.

Allied to the punctatus, Payk. but sufficiently
distinct. Rare.

20. H. transversus. Thorax with two grooves
and a transverse impressed line.

Body oblong, brownish-black, with large numer-
ous punctures: head somewhat concave above the
antenne, and before the antenne elongated : thorax
with a large deep groove on each side, and a trans-
verse, impressed, very distinct line rather before the
middle: e/ytra with large, dense, longitudinal punc-

46 HISTER.

tures, giving a somenytia’ rugose appearance to the
surface.

Length rather more than ;', of an inch.

About equal in size to the cxsus, Fabr. of Eu-
rope, to which it is very closely allied.

Family 7. With elevated lines.

21. H. alternatus. Thorax with six elevated
lines; lines of the elytra with intervening smaller
ones.

Hister sulcatus, Melsh. Catal.

Body oval-orbicular, convex, brownish-black : tho-
rax with six prominent lines, the two middle ap-
proximate on the anterior margin; the exterior line
abbreviated before; lateral edges prominent; inter-
vening grooves punctured : elytra with about four
elevated lines, and a common one ; intervening spaces
with smaller elevated lines: anal segment with three
elevated lines: beneath with large punctures: feet
piceous.

Length less than +, of an inch.

Certainly not the sulcatus, Fabr. to which, how-
ever, it is somewhat similar as regards the sculpture
of the elytra, but in the position and number of the
thoracic lines it is somewhat like the s¢riatus, Fabr.
Rare. It belongs to the genus OnTHopHiLus of
Leach,

a

a ee ee ee a ee ee

HOLOLEPTA. AT
Ho.o.errta.

1. H. zxqualis. Polished; mandibles as long as
the head, simple.

Body polished, suboval : head with an obtuse spine

above each antenna: antennx dark ferruginous:
mandibles simple, as long as the head: elytra ob-
liquely truncated at tip, sutural shorter than the ex-
ternal edge; three much abbreviated strie at base,
the inner one indistinct, marginal stria very obvious :
anterior tibiz three toothed, the anterior one dilated
and emarginate.
~ Length 3 of an inch, nearly.
- Common under bark of decaying trees. I formerly
considered it identical with the 4-dentatus, Fabr. of
South America, but on comparison, I agree with
Dejean that it is a new species.

2. H. fossularis. Anterior angles of the thorax
with an excavated spot.

Body highly polished, suboval: head with an ob-
tuse spine above each antenna: anfennx dark ferru-
ginous: mandibles simple, rather longer than the
head: thorax with a profoundly impressed, longitu-
dinally-oval spot on each anterior angle: elytra ob-
liquely truncated at tip, the sutural shorter than the
external edge, three much abbreviated striz at base,
the inner one obsolete ; marginal stria very obvious:
anterior tibie three-toothed, the anterior tooth di-
lated and emarginate.

Size of the preceding, which it very much resem-
bles, and of which it may possibly prove to be the
male.

48 SALMO.

Description of a new. Fish of the genus Saumo-
By C. A. Lesuzur. Read January 11, 1825.

SALMo.

S. microps. Pl. iii. Teeth in the superior and
inferior jaws, long, hooked, armed with one or two
barbs at their extremities; those of the inferior jaw
much longer and projecting outwardly.

Body, including the caudal fin, four inches in
length ; depth, six lines; thickness, four lines, near
the pectoral region; form elongate, thicker anteriorly,
thin and slender towards the tail, slightly compressed
upon the sides: back, nuca and head, describing a
pretty uniform curve, rather more elevated towards
the back: abdomen long, straight: anus behind the
middle of the body: head subcompressed: front
slightly arcuated: snout very short, a little longer
than the diameter of the eye: eyes small, much ap-
proximated to the jaws, to the summit of the head,
and extremity of the snout, where they scarcely
leave room for the nostrils, which are small and in-
distinct: branchiz with their apertures very large,
open from the junction of the inferior jaws to near
the nuca, after having described a semioval curve,
behind the angle of the jaws; this disposition ren-
ders the opercular pieces very oblique; these pieces
are, as all the rest of the fish, soft and rather mem-
branaceous than osseus, they are weak and indistinct,
and the form of each piece is scarcely determinable,

SALMO. 49

and as though pushed from their place by the pro-
found opening of the mouth, which is the seventh
part of the whole length of the body, or six lines in
length: branchiostegous membrane narrow, sustain-
ed by ten or twelve weak approximate rays: bran-
chial arcs much geniculated, furnished with very
short branchial filaments : mouth spacious, horizontal,
deeply cleft, having its angle about five lines behind
the eyes: tongue scarcely perceptible, sustained at
its extremity by a membrane, and at the junction
of the inferior mandible by two small, moveable, late-
ral bones; its teeth are slender, long, curved, in
many ranges, continued as far as the pharynx : vomer
armed on each side with two rows of teeth, rather
shorter than the preceding ; wings of the palate with
two rows of slender hooked teeth, of moderate size :
intermazillaries small, furnished with teeth : mazil-
laries straight, long, each with two rows of hooked
teeth ; those of the interior row longer, more curved,
and sometimes terminated by two small barbs: infe-
rior jaw equal to the superior, straight, armed with
two rows of teeth, which are slender, curved, and
hooked, terminated by barbs; those in the exterior
row much longer than those of the superior jaw;
they are moveable and projected outwardly; at the
extremity of the lower jaw on each side, are three
or four teeth of a line in length, longer, more ar-
cuated, and more moveable than the others, termi-
nated by very distinct barbs; teeth of the interior
row smaller, and appear to be placed between the
first like secondary teeth: sca/es small, with concen-

VOL. V.—JULY, 1825, is

50 SALMO.

tric lines, rounded, pellucid, and very soft: dateral
fine almost straight, in the middle of the body : fins,
first dorsal short, subtriangular, higher than long,
elevated anteriorly ; second dorsal adipose, placed
above the posterior part of the anal fin; ventrals
large at their base, and terminating in a point, which
is prolonged towards the middle of the anal fin, one
inch four lines long, placed at the third of the length
of the body, under the origin of the dorsal and to-
wards the head; fectorals falciform, about one inch
and two lines in length, their points reach the poste-
rior base of the dorsal fin; they are placed upon the
sides about the middle of the height and near the
branchial opening ; anal fin middle sized, as long at
the base as the height of its anterior part, emarginate
posteriorly, placed nearly midway between the ven-
tral and caudal fins: ¢ai/ long and narrow, terminated
by a fin small in proportion to the others, slightly
emarginate, the superior lobe largest and longest:
colour reddish ; back marked with numerous brownish
points, (the spirits appeared to have changed its
colour. )

B. 10—12. P. 15. 1IstD. 14. 2dD.0. V.9.
A. 16. . C. 20.

Inhabits the East Indian seas.

Communicated to me by Dr. Hays.

Oxzservations. In the form of the body, the
deeply cleft mouth, the head, and number of bran-
chiostegous rays, this fish is closely related to the
subgenus Saurus, of Cuvier, but it is distinguished
by the teeth of the vomer. It does not appear possi-

I Silat

APOPHYLLITE, LAUMONITE, AMPHIBOLE, &. 5]

ble to place it in the subgenus Salmo, of Cuvier, in
consequence of its large pectoral and ventral fins,
and particularly of the teeth, which are moveable,
and barbed. We think proper, therefore, to make
it the type of a new subgenus near to Saurus, under
the name of Harpadon, with the following charac-
ters.

Jaws, tongue, pharynx, wings of the palate and
vomer, armed with moveable, slender, curved teeth,
those of the jaws barbed.

Description of a new erystalline form of Aporuy.-
LITE, LAUMONITE, and AMPHIROLE, and of a
variety of PearysTtone. “By Gerarp Troost,
M. D. Read May 17, 1825.

The geode from which the following description
of Apophyllite has been drawn up, was presented
to me by Dr. Bigsby, who found it imbedded in the
amygdaloid of Point Marmoaze, (Memince of the
Voyageurs,) on Lake Superior, 44 miles N. W.
from the straits of St. Mary. It is composed of white
calcareous spar, with a little fibrous Prehnite inter-
spersed, and is lined with crystals of quartz, and of
the new form of APopHYLLITE.

The last mentioned mineral, now discovered for
the first time in North America, has a beautiful
opalescent play of colours; it is translucent, passing
into transparent, exfoliates like the European va-
riety before the blowpipe, and melts into a white

52 APOPHYLLITE, LAUMONITE, AMPHIBOLE, &c.

enamel, which, by a prolonged application of heat,
changes into a semi-transparent glass. It does not
require so much heat for its fusion as the variety just
mentioned,' but coincides with it in its other char-
acters.

One of the crystals of the Apophyllite lining the
sides of this geode, rather exceeds } an inch in length;
it has the appearance of an elongated octaedron, with
the angles of the base truncated and its edges emar-
ginated.

Adopting the primitive form as given by Haiiy,
Traité de Mineralogie, tom. iii. p. 191, 2d ed. we
have primitive form, fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

eer ree

Apophyllite mixtunitaire M AB fig. 2.

3
Ms zx
M upon M 90°
M s 127° 59°

M—— 2x 149° 29'.30”

Pa eae en ee

a se

<2

APOPHYLLITE, LAUMONITE, AMPHIBOLE, &c. 53

LaumonitE. The same gentleman has also fur-
nished me with a specimen of a crystallized substance
which has proved to be a new form of Laumonite.

It is of a red colour, passing from rose into brick
red ; it is brittle and sometimes even friable ; it melts
before the blowpipe, accompanied by ebullition, giv-
ing out a fine blue phosphorescent light, into a whitish
enamel. The form which the Laumonite, in the
present instance, assumes, is a rhomboidal prism,
acuminated with a diedral summit, and is, in fact,
the primitive form, having its summits separated by
a rhomboidal prism; it is the most simple form at
present known of that mineral.

Fig. 1, Primitive. Fig. 2, Prismatic.
Fig. 1. Fig. 2.

SS

My friend Dr. Bigsby, discovered this mineral at
three different places, and in different geological
situations. The crystallized variety was discovered
in a small vein of white calcareous spar and red feld-
spar, which passes, with occasional ramifications,
nearly lengthwise along the centre of a trappose

54 APOPHYLLITE, LAUMONITE, AMPHIBOLE, &c.

dyke, in quadrilateral columns, 9 miles north-west
of the Otter’s Head, a conspicuous head-land on the
north shore of lake Superior. This dyke traverses
a fine grained white granite, containing but a little
hornblende, and that little almost altogether vanish-
ing northwards along the shore.

It occurs also in a reddish feldspar 29 miles south-
east from the Otter’s Head. A granular and crystal-
lized Laumonite, of a brownish orange colour, mixed
with calcareous spar, forms numerous highly inclined
veins, sometimes 6 inches thick, in the amygdaloid
of Point Marmoaze, with temporary divergencies,
running nearly parallel to its obscure northly direc-
tion; the same vein being now and then traced for
200 yards, sending off from time to time capricious
ramifications, which subdivide until they disappear
in threads.

AmpuiBoLe. The specimen now under consider-
ation, was at first very enigmatical; Iwas entirely
misled by its crystalline form, so widely deviating
from those usually presented by Amphibole. In all
the crystals of this mineral hitherto described, the
faces M of the primitive form compose the greatest
part of the prism, and the summits have generally
two and more faces; I was therefore very much sur-
prised to find the characters and composition which
distinguish the Amphibole, combined with the erys-
talline form now to be described.

It is a rectangular prism, terminated, in some of
the crystals, by an inclined plane, and in a few others
by a diedral summit. These crystals, which have a

APOPHYLLITE, LAUMONITE, AMPHIBOLF, &. 55

greenish and sometimes a black colour, with a rough
surface, are divisible parallel to the four edges of
the prism, forming the rhomboidal prism of the Am-
phibole, the inclined planes forming an angle with
one of the sides of 105° 11’, and must, of course, be
the face /, (see Haiiy, Traité de Min. Atlas, pl. 64,)

so that we have ‘GEbE, approaching therefore, to

the Triunitaire of Haiiy, the faces M having en-
tirely disappeared, the decrement with forms /, has
place sometimes on the two angles forming the diedral
summits, but the greater part of the crystals on our
specimen having but one inclined plane are the re-
sults of the decrement on one of the angles.

These crystals, in combination with a granular
yellowish-brown garnet, cover a mixture ‘of Quartz
and Amphibole. Dr. Bigsby discovered this mineral
among the rejections of the diggings at the bottom
of Foster’s bed of magnetic iron ore, 4} miles east
from the Marmora iron works, which are situated
30 miles north from Lake Ontario, on Marmora river,
one of the branches of the Trent, a large river tribu-
tary to that Lake. The rock containing this ore is
a sienite ; the feldspar gray and predominating. It
is on the confines of the secondary limestones of the
great Lakes.

Pearistone. Another substance was brought
by Dr. Bigsby from the north shore of Lake Superior,
and was suspected to be a variety of Pitchstone. Its
action before the blowpipe, however, induced me to
subject it to a closer examination.

It is opaque, and has a perfectly black colour, and

56 APOPHYLLITE, LAUMONITE, AMPHIBOLE, &c.

a small conchoidal fracture, approaching to rough,
with a resinous lustre; its hardness is sufficient to
scratch glass; before the blowpipe, it foams up at
once, becomes brown, and by a continued heat is
brought to the state of a black opaque scoria; its
specific gravity is 2.41.

Its constituents are,

Silex, - - - : 78. 25.
Alumine, - - - 1250755
Iron Oxide, - : - 1
Alkali, - - - + - 8
Water, - - - - 5
Loss, - - - - - §

100

We see from these data that this mineral is closely
allied to the Pearlstone, but differs from it in colour,
the latter having generally a tint resembling that of
the substance, the name of which it bears, whilst ours
is perfectly black.

It was discovered by Lieutenant Bayfield, em-
ployed by the British government in a minute sur-
vey of the great lakes of Canada. He met with it
on an islet on the north shore of Lake Superior, near
the island of St. Ignatius, in the mouth of Nipigon
bay, and 56 miles north-east from Thunder moun-
tain point. It was adhering to the side of one of
the quadrilateral columns of the trappose dykes,
which traverse in great numbers the Amphibolic
granites, chloritic greenstones, limestone and sand-
stone, of the part of this coast between Michipicoton
bay and the head-land above mentioned.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE NOMENCLATURE, &c. 57

Observations on the Nomenclature of Wi.son’s
OrnitHotocy. By Cuaries Bonaparte. Read
May 31, 1825. (Continued.)

Water Brirps.

Having concluded my observations on the land
birds, described by Wilson, I now proceed to his
series of water birds, guided by the index inserted
by the editor, Mr. Ord, in the 9th volume of that
work. Since commencing my remarks on this cele-
brated work, that gentleman has published a new
edition of the 7th and 8th volumes, and promised
that of the 9th, containing the water birds,* and as
he has introduced the greater number of the changes
and corrections which I intended to propose, I should

‘have thought it unnecessary to proceed in this ar-
duous task, but for the sake of those who possess the
original edition only, and chiefly because the editor
and myself may, in some instances, disagree in opinion.
I shall therefore proceed to review the nomenclature
of both editions.

As none of the following birds are comprised in
the two published volumes of Vieillot’s Oiseaux de
PAm. Sept. 1 shall quote the abbreviated name of
that author in reference to his articles in the Vouv.
Dict. d Hist. Nat.

* The first six, devoted to the land birds, were merely re-
printed.

VOL. ¥.—-JULY, 1825. 8

58 OBSERVATIONS ON THE NOMENCLATURE
PLATALEA.

This restricted and well characterized genus is
admitted by all authors; it is common to both conti-
nents. *

185. P. ajaja, vol. 7, p. 123, Ord’s ed. p. 129.
A beautiful and well known species peculiar to this
continent, inhabiting the warm parts of both hemi-
spheres ; it is represented by our author in its young
plumage, (2 years old;) the adult is much more bril-
liant,

SYNONYMES.

Praravea ajaja, Linn. Get. Larx. Vier.

Priatea coccinea, Briss. (adult.)

Piartea rosea, Briss. (young.)

Spatule couleur de rose, de Cayenne, Burr. Pl. Enl. 165,
(young, 2 years old.)

ARDEA.

This cosmopolite and numerous genus has been
divided by modern writers more or less judiciously,
and several genera have been formed of the separat-
ed species. The eleven species of Wilson still be-
long to it, with the exception of the largest, which
‘is a Grus.

186. A. minor. Vol. 8, p. 35. As Wilson ob-
served, this bird given by naturalists as a yariety of
A. stellaris, is, in reality, a distinct species. Bris-
son had, with propriety, considered it as such; it
has already received four different names.

a i SMT ii dia a

each eid ais

i a Tae

e
a:

OF WILSON’S ORNITHOLOGY. 59

SYNONYMES.

Arvea stellaris, var. &. Gur. Lata.
Arpea Botaurus Freti Hudsonis, Briss.
Arpea mokoho, Viriwu. _

Arpea lentiginosa, Sapine.

187. A. cwrulea. Vol. vii. p. 117. Ord’s ed. p.
122. This American bird is well described by our
author, who correctly notices the impropriety of con-
sidering a distinet species, (A. jugudaris, Forst.)
from New Zealand, as a variety, whilst the A. cxru-
éea is thrice nominally included in the systems. The
fact escaped our author, that the young birds of the
year before their first moult, are altogether pure
white, and are therefore apt to be confounded with
the young of A. candidissima.

SYNONYMESe

Arpea coerulea, Livy. Guex. Lara. Viert. (adult.)
Arve cerulescens, Lavin. Viritt. (adult.)

Arpea cyanopus, Get. Latn. (young.)

Arvea Cancrofagus ceruleus, Briss. (adult.)

ArpEa americana cinerea, Briss. (young.)

Heron bleudtre de Cayenne, Burr. Pl. Enl. 349, (adult.)

188. A. herodias. Vol. viii. p. 28. This stately
bird is closely allied to the European A. cinerea, but
it is easily. distinguished by its superior size, and
ferruginous thighs. Like in almost all the species of
this difficult genus, a nominal species has been made

. of the young.

SYNONYMES.
* Arpea herodias, Layy. Gmev. Lara. Vier. (adult.)

60 OBSERVATIONS ON THE NOMENCLATURE

Arpea hudsonias, Linn. Guev. Lau. Vieitt. (young.)
Arpea virginiana cristata, Briss. (ad.)
Arpea Freti Hudsonis, Briss. (young.)

189. *A. egretta. Vol. vii. p. 106, Ord’s ed.
p- 111. It is spread almost all over the globe, but
does not frequent the western shores of the old
continent. It furnishes the beautiful feathers known
by the name of Heron-plumes. The bird is common
in some districts, and we may account for the rarity
and high price of the feathers, by recollecting that
the adult only is decorated by them during but a
portion of the year, and that it is very shy and diffi-
cult to be obtained. The adult was not observed in
Europe until lately, and the young only, considered
as a distinct species, had been arranged amongst the
European birds, under the name of Arpera alba;
the adult, A. egretta, being assigned to America.

SYNONYMES.

Arpea egretia, Gmet. Larn. Vieitt. (adult.) Tema. not of
Brisson which is A. garzetta, Linn.

Arpvea alba, Liyn. Ger. Lara. Vier. (young and
moulting.)

Arvga candida, Briss. (young.)

La Grande Aigretie, Burr. Pl. Enl. 925, (adult.)

Heron blanc, Burr. Pl. Enl. 886. (young or moulting ad.)

Notwithstanding the unanimity of Ornithologists,
the name of Arpga alba ought to be exclusively re-
tained, as it is the only one given by Linné, although
applied to the young bird. Mr. Ord doubts the

RR OS

hs

SE IR I BET

OF WILSON’S ORNITHOLOGY. 61

identity of the American and European species ; his
doubts are unfounded.
190. A. virescens. Vol. vii. p. 97. Ord’s ed.

Pp. 102. A well known and accurately described
species.

SYNONYMES.

Arpea virescens, Linn. Guet. Lata. Viercr. but not all
the varieties given by Linné and Latham.

Arpea ludoviciana, Guev. Laru. Vieitu.

Arpea Cancrofagus viridis, Briss. (adult.)

Arpvea Cancrofagus viridis nevius, Briss. (young.)

Crabier de la Louisiane, Burr. Pl. Enl. 909, (adult.)

Crabier tacheté de la Martinique, Burr. Pl, Enl. 912, (It
is generally thought to be the female, but like all other
species of this genus which I have had occasion to examine,
the sexes are perfectly similar in colour: the spots repre-
sented on the wings must be owing to bad colouring.)

Crabier de Cayenne? Burr. Pl. Enl. 908. (It is with
much doubt that | quote, agreeably to others, this plate;
if intended for our bird, it is very incorrect, principally in
colouring.)

191. A. ewilis. Vol. viii. p. 37. The smallest
American species, considerably smaller than the Eu-
ropean A. minuta, and peculiar to this continent. .
Like its European analogue, it is distinguished from
all other water birds, excepting those of the sub-
genus Rusticola, by having the thighs entirely feath-
ered as in the land birds; for this reason they might

be considered as constituting a subgenus under the
name of .2rdeola.

62 OBSERVATIONS ON THE NOMENCLATURE

SYNONYMES.

Arvea evilis, Guev. Lata. Viritt.

We know of no other figure than that of Wilson,
which, it is the more to be regretted, is too much
reduced.

192. A. ludoviciana. Ord’s ed. A. leucogaster.
Vol. viii. p. 13. This beautiful bird has been
given by our author as new, but under a name pre-
occupied by a species since ascertained to be nominal.
He, however, expressed a doubt of its being the A.
leucogaster, (Demi-Egret) and Mr. Ord, without
giving any additional reason, substituted this name
for that of Zudoviciana, in his edition, though he has,
probably through inadvertence, permitted the second
paragraph of the article to remain, in which Wilson
states the resemblance of his bird to the Demi- Egret.
Neither Wilson, Mr. Ord, nor myself, have seen the
A. leucogaster ; the respective descriptions and plates
do not agree; therefore, to state the resemblance is all
that Wilson could do and has done. We shall hold
him to be perfectly correct in considering this bird as a

\. new species, until some naturalist prove, by facts

\and observations on nature, that it must be referred
to an old species, which, however, will probably
never be done 3 and although the name of /udovieiana
was pre-occupied, as that species is merely nominal,
being nothing but a repetition of ARDEA virescens,
I propose that, in compliment to Wilson, the name
he selected be exclusively adopted for the present
species,

OF WILSON’S ORNITHOLOGY. 63

193. *A. nyeticorar. Vol. vii. p. 101. Ord’s
ed. p. 106. A circumstance very creditable to the
discernment of Wilson is connected with this bird,
of which many nominal species had been made, since
it is common to both continents, very widely extended,
and consequently observed for a long series of years
by various naturalists, all of whom mistook the young
for the female, which, as in other Are, is perfectly
similar to the male, when adult. Wilson, whose in-
valuable observations were too early terminated, was
the first, as far as I know, to detect the error by
examining merican specimens, thus, as in other
instances, making additions and corrections even to
European Ornithology. He is, however, in error,

in stating that the young acquires the plumage of

the adult before the first spring; they do not obtain
it until the third.

SYNONYMES.

Arvea nycticorax, Linn. Briss. (ad.) Guex. Larn. Vier.
Tem.

Arvea grisea, Linn. Briss. (young, quoted by Gmel.
Lath., &c. as the female.)

Arpea magaieis, Gmex. (not of Lath. nor of Vieillot,
which are two different birds,) young.

Arpea Botaurus nevius, Briss. (young. )

Le Bihoreau, Burr, Pl. Enl. 758, (ad.)

Femelle du Bihoreau, Burr. Pl. Enl. 759, (young.)

Some of the synonymes inserted by the editor, are very
doubtful. Such are,

Arpea gardeni, Guet. Lara. Le Pouacre de Cayenne,
Burr. Pl. Ent. 939, which seems to me rather the young
of A. violacea, (see hereafter the remarks on that species.)

64 OBSERVATIONS ON THE NOMENCLATURE

Wilson’s figure of the young is a very correct representa-
tion of the first state; the difference from the questionable
plate of Buffon is obvious.

194. A. candidissima. Vol. vii. p. 120. Ord’s
ed. A. carolinensis, p. 125. Two closely allied
species of small, white, crested Herons have much
puzzled naturalists, who seem to have rivalled each
other in confounding them, some by considering them
as identical, others by making several nominal spe-
cies, thus rendering their synonymy almost inextri-
cable ; the species are the A. garzetta of Europe, and
the subject of the present remarks; the latter does
not inhabit Europe, but is said to be found in Asia,
(which we are inclined to doubt) as frequently as on |
this continent, where it is widely extended. Wil-
son is free from all the above mentioned errors, hav-
ing as usual, admirably established the species. He
was, moreover, judicious in his selection both of the
English and Latin names, and it was, doubtless, after
a careful investigation that he selected the name of
candidissima, which Mr. Ord has changed to A.
carolinensis. ie

In fact the A. candidissima of Gmelin is certainly
our bird, notwithstanding the opinion of some na-
turalists. Latham rejected that species, and united
it to A. nivea, thus misleading subsequent authors ;
he ought to have abolished nivea by uniting it to
garzetta; his nivea is therefore a compound of both
species, as ts obvious from his synonymes; however,
as Latham’s phrase indicates the present species,

OF WILSON’S ORNITHOLOGY. 65

those who wish it may arrange all the synonymes of
the Asiatic nivea, which is exclusively that of Gmelin,
under the garzetta, and give to our bird the name
of A. nivea, Lath. excluding his synonymes.

This is the course that may be pursued with an
appearance of propriety by those who object to Wil-
son’s choice, which, however, I shall select as having
been previously appropriated by Jacquin, and adopt-
ed by Gmelin. Even if both these names were to be
rejected, we ought to look amongst other nominal
species, which, at least in part, relate to our bird,
before we impose a new name on a bird already over-
loaded with them. Notwithstandirfg, therefore, all
the illegitimate names which this bird has received
and is about to receive, that of Gmelin and Wilson
must exclusively be adopted. The synonymy being
more or less erroneously compiled in all authors with-
out exception, and that of Wilson and of Mr. Ord
not being complete, we shall here give all the syno-
nymes that we can warrant correct.

SYNONYMES. e

ARDEA candidissima, Gmet.

Arvea nived, Lath. (Although the greatest part of his
synonymes do not belong to it, but to A. garzetla,) 1 not of
Gmelin, which is the garzetia.

Arvea garzetta, (the variety from America) Vieill. who

- states that with all naturalists he believes the American
‘and European specifically the same. He ought to have

<. at least Wilson!
Héron panaché Temm. (in the article of A. garzetta.)
"Snowy Heéron, Latu. Syn. first suppl. In theedy of the
work he seems to have reference rather to the garzetla.
Vou. V.i— auGuST, 1825. 9

66 OBSERVATIONS ON THE NOMENCLATURE

LD’ Aigrette, Burron, Pl. Enl. 901.
Arpea alba minor, Barrram.

The young of this species has probably also its ©
part in the confusion that exists under the head of
A. xquinoctialis of authors, and A. zilatat of Vieil-
lot; and of course we might here quote with doubt,
the indications of authors whence these two nominal
species are compiled,

195. A. americana, Ord’s ed. Grus americana.
Vol. viii. p. 20. The only species in Wilson that
is no longer an ARDEA 3 it belongs to the very na-
tural and restricted genus Grus, of Pallas, (included
by Brisson in his genus Cicon1a) species of which
are found in every part of the globe, excepting New
Holland and the neighbouring islands. The present
gigantic bird is not found in Europe, but it seems
probable that the Grus gigantea of Asia, is the
same species. Although Wilson, who followed La-—
tham, did not adopt the genus Grus, yet he admi-
rably pointed out the differential characters. He
was, however, led into error, in stating that A. cana-
densis, Linn. is probably nothing more than the young
of this species; that bird certainly is, as Mr. Ord
observes, a distinct and stately species. I shall give
it a place in my American Ornithology.

SYNONYMES.
Grus americana, ViEiLL.
Arpea americana, Linn. Guen. Lara.
Arpea gigantea? Guet. Lara.
Grus leucogeranos? Pauwas.

OF WILSON’S ORNITHOLOGY. 67

Ciconra Grus americana, Briss.
La Grue d’ Amérique, Burr. Pl. Enl. 889.

196. A. violacea. Vol. viii. p. 26. A beautiful
nocturnal species closely allied to A. nyceticoraz,
but peculiar to the warm. parts of both Americas.
With a few others, these may constitute a subgenus
under the name of Wycticorax. Our author has cor-
rected several errors of former writers, originating
from Catesby. No less than four nominal species
have been made in the systems of this species. Not
satisfied with the existing confusion, Vieillot has given
a new name to the adult, and probably another to the

young.
SYNONYMES.

Arpea violacea, Linn. Get. Lata. Virirr.* (adult,) i ins
correct description.

ArpEA cayennensis, GuEt. (adult.)

Arpea cayanensis, Lara. (adult.)

Anpea jamaicensis, Guev. Lara. (young)

Arpea gardeni? Guev. Lata. (very young, quoted by
Temminck as the young’of A. nycticoraz.)

ARDEA “ee Viritt. he could not resist the tempta-

* This ornithologist states, that the description of authors be-
ing made from the incorrect figure of Catesby, is very bad, as are
Imost all those made from the figures of that author, which,
ie: the birds themselves have been described from nature,
have often still been considered as representing different spe-
cies. He then proceeds to describe the bird as he has seen it.

His remarks are very proper, and it is therefore the more sur-

prising, that he does not perceive that his A. violacea (as cor-
rected) is no other than his A. sexsetacea.

68 OBSERVATIONS ON THE NOMENCLATURE

tion of giving this excellent name, although he knew it to
be the cayanensis.

Arpea maculata? Vieitn. (young,) not of Latham, which
is a bird from New Holland, to which, at all events, the
name of maculata must be exclusively preserved; nor of
Gmelin, which is, undoubtedly, the young of. A. nycticoraa,
(European) incorrectly united (in our supposition) by La-
tham, to A. gardeni, which we think the young of this
American species.

Arpea Cancrofagus bahamensis, Bas (adult.)

Bihoreau de Cayenne, Burr. Pl. Enl. 899, (adult.)

Le Pouacre de Cayenne? Burr. Pl. Enl. 939. (young,
quoted by Temm. under A. nycticorax.)

TANTALUS.

Three species of this Linnean genus are given by
our author, but as it has been very properly restricted
by Lacépéde, Illiger, Temminck, &c. only one of
them belongs at present to it; the others being Isis,
Both genera are found in the two continents.

= TantTatvus, Linn.

Is composed of three species. -

197. T. loculator. Vol. viii. p. 39, Peculiar to
America, where it inhabits the hottest climates on
both sides of the equator, but extending more in the
southern hemisphere. It is stated to be also an »
habitant of New Holland, on the authority of Da
pier, who informs us that he saw great flocks a
them, But is it really the same species? the lat

fact alone would induce me to doubt it, as the Ame- re

rican is a solitary bird.

Eat ad

ae ae

Maer we

¥
E
i
tae

OF WILSON’S ORNITHOLOGY, 69

SYNONYMES.

Tantauus loculator, Linn. Get. Lata. Vieirn.

Numenius americanus major, Briss.
Le Curicaca de Cayenne, Burr. Pl. Enl. 868.

Inis, Lacépéde.

Lac€péde was the first to separate this natural ge-
nus from TanTatus, and he has been followed in
this respect by all recent ornithologists. It is a sin-
gular fact that Vieillot endeavoured to appropriate
this genus to himself.

198. T. ruber, Ord’s ed. Ists ruber, Vol. viii.
p- 41. One of the most beautiful of the feathered
tribe. In its young state it is dirty brown ; it is said
to change to a pure white afterwards; and finally
becomes of the most vivid red. It must now be
called In1s rubra. It is peculiar to the hottest parts
of this continent. :

SYNONYMES.

Tantatus ruber, Linn. Guet. Lara. (adult.)

Tanratus fuscus, Linn. Guet. Lata. (young,)

Tpis rubra, Vieiwt. (adult.)

Tris fusca, ia (who wants it to be distinct,) (young.)

Nomentus brasiliensis coccineus, Briss. (adult.)
Nomentus brasiliensis fuscus, Briss. (young.)
' Courly rouge du Brésil, de Vdge de trois ans, Burr. Pl, Ent.
81, (adult.)
~ Courly rouge du Brésil, de Page de deux ans, Burr. Pl. Eni.
80. (young adolesc.)

199. §T. albus, Ord’s ed. Inis albus. Vol. viii.
™. 43. Whether or not this is a real or nominal
species, or a particular state of plumage of the pre-

70 OBSERVATIONS ON THE NOMENCLATURE

ceding, can only be determined by observations on
the living bird. On this subject Wilson expressed
his doubts, in which we heartily agree with him.
Although fully persuaded of the species being nomi-
nal, Mr. Ord permitted the name of a/bus to remain;
we shall also call this bird Isis alba, but it is because
we are not satisfied of its being nominal.

SYNONYMES.

Tanraus albus, Luv. Get. Lara.
TanrTaus coco? Guru. (var. of age?)
Nomentus brasiliensis candidus, Briss.
Courly blanc @’ Amérique, Burr. Pl. Enl. 915.
Tsis alba, View.

Ipts coco? Viet... (var. of age.)

Vieillot states that although the Isis alba may be
confounded with the younger Inis rubra, in its white
state of plumage, yet it is distinct, being somewhat
larger, (this, however, is not the fact, they are equal
in size.) Some Ints seen by d’Ulloa near the island
of Juan Fernandez, white, with the breast and wings
rose colour, may possibly be the adult of this species,
which we must not then think of rejecting. *

* Another species of Inrs, unknown to Wilson, has been added
to the ornithology of this country by Mr. Ord, who has given a
good account and minute description of it in the Journal of
the Academy, Vol. i. p. 53, under the name of Tanr. ee meni-
-canus? From his description we recognized it for the Euro-
pean Less falcinellus, and were confirmed in our decision by
the specimen itself, which is well preserved in the Philadel-
phia Museum. As our synonymes will show, this bird has
given rise to many nominal species. It is known to inhabit

Na oe a oe St Te

SEI ee epee a PRE arr

ci
»

OF WILSON’S ORNITHOLOGY, vat

NUMENIUS.

This is one of the few genera of Brisson, that were
rejected by Linné, but which Latham restored.
Brisson did not distinguish from it the birds which
constitute the present genera, Tanra.us and Isis;
but as fixed by Latham and adopted by all modern
ornithologists, it is now very natural. Linné ar-

Europe, Asia, and Africa, where it is so much celebrated as
having been held sacred by the Egyptians. No bird ranges
more extensively over the globe; it will appear in the second
volume of my American Ornithology. ,

SYNONYMES.

Tats faleinellus, Vizity. Tamm.

Tantatus falcinellus, Linn. Guew. Latu. (adult.)

Tantaxus igneus, Guete Lata. (very old and beautiful
specimen.)

Tantavus viridis, Gur. Lara. (young.)

Numentus castaneus, Briss. (adult.)

Nomentvs viridis, Briss. (young.)

Courly @Italie, Burr. Pl. Enl. 819, (adult male.)

Tanratus cayanensis, Gurt. Lara. Courly verd de Cayenne,
Burr. Pl. Enl. 820, is thought by Vieillot, to be the same
with the l. falcinellus; though at the same time he gives
it the name of I. sylvatica, thus changing the name even
of a species which he believed merely nominal. As the
discovery of the I. falcinellus in America might give weight
to this erroneous supposition, we take this opportunity of

Stating, that this bird is a distinct species, peculiar to South

America, which we lately had an opportunity of examining,
and which must be called Isis cayanensis.

72 OBSERVATIONS ON THE NOMENCLATURE

ranged the species, with which he was acquainted,
in his immense genus Scotopax, which was rather
a family than a genus, and to which, as Cuvier ob-
serves, he ought, agreeably to his principle, to have
united several of his Trine, &c. Although but
one species is thus named by our author, yet two are
described in his work, one being placed under the
old name of ScoLopax. The genus is cosmopolite.

200. N. longirostris. Vol. viii. p. 23. This
bird is one of the numerous evidences of Wilson’s
perspicacity and correctness of judgment in the dis-
crimination of species; having been confounded by
all ornithologists with the European N. arquatus,
he judiciously separated it and gave it the present
very appropriate specific name, which must of course
be adopted.

SYNONYMES.

Scoropax arquata, var. & GMEL.

Numentvus arquata, var. &. Lara.

Noumentus melanopus, Vinivi. (he gives an account of
this bird, and separates it from the European, without no-
ticing Wilson; probably he had not seen his volume. The
specimen, however, which he described from personal ob-
servation, belongs to the borealis of Wilson.)

SCOLOPAX.

When Wilson wrote, the great genera chad
and TrINGA were in much confusion, and it is ex-

traordinary that those two luminaries Illiger and e

vier, though they have certainly improved, have not
succeeded in elucidating them satisfactorily. Other

te te

a a

a

a ee es I ea ae

‘.
Bi
3
?

OF WILSON’S ORNITHOLOGY. 73

recent ornithologists followed by Temminck and Vieil-
lot, have been more successful. We agree entirely
with Temminck both as respects the number and
limits of the separated genera. Wilson’s arrange-
ment is not free from the old confusion; thus of his
eight ScoLopaces, one is a NuMENIus, one a Limo-
SA, three are ToTanI, and only three are true ScoLo-
PACES; we shall, consequently, thus divide them.
Species of all those genera are found in both conti-
nents, and with the exception of the Limosx, which
inhabit only cold and temperate regions, are found
in all climates.

Nomentvs, Briss.

201. S. borealis. Ord’s ed. Numentius borealis.
Vol. vii. p. 22. By an unfortunate occurrence, our
very extensive collection of European birds is defi-
cient of the Numentus phxopus, and we cannot,
therefore, compare with that bird, but with Wilson
we firmly believe that this species is not the phxopus,
but is peculiar to this continent, notwithstanding the
opinion of several of the best living ornithologists.
This species differs as much from the phxopus as the
longirostris does from the arquata. Both the Ame-
rican species differ respectively from their. European
analogues, by having a longer bill, and the rump,

lower portion of the back, and the tail-coverts of the

general colour, instead of having those parts white.
Vieillot and Temminck, however, affirm that they

~ have received the true phzopus from North America,

VOL, V.~-aveusT, 1825. 10

74 OBSERVATIONS ON THE NOMENCLATURE:

but that bird was not noticed by Wilson, neither
have I met with it. Although there is no doubt that
this species, which is the N. hudsonicus of Latham,
is distinct from the phwopus, yet it is not the N.
borealis,* Lath. This I have ascertained to be a
distinct species, and will figure it in my American
Ornithology. If, therefore, the European N. phao-
pus be really an inhabitant of North America, this
country will then possess four species of NUMENII,
viz. longirostris, phxopus, hudsonicus, and borealis.

SYNONYMES.

Scoropax borealis, Guzen.

Numentvs hudsonicus, Lara.

Nomentus melanopus, Virtui. a very accurate description
of the present bird given as that of the young of his melano-
pus, a name which he has applied to the preceding spe-
cies. Thus whilst he attributes to North America several

nominal species, he has strangely confounded the two real
ones. :

Linosa, Briss.

A much restricted and very natural génus, formed
by Brisson, but since united with ScoLopax by
Linné and Latham, with Acriris by Illiger, with
Toranus by others, &c. Leisler restored the genus
to the limits prescribed by its founder, and has been
followed by Temminck, Viecillot, and others. The

* We do not know why Mr. Ord whe changed the Eng-)
lish name, did not also change the Latin one that they
might correspond.

OF WILSON’S ORNITHOLOGY. "5

latter author, however, has taken the liberty to
change the name to Limicuta! Although but a sin-
gle species is described by our author, yet another,
common in Europe, the Limosa me/anura of Leisler
and Temminck, is also found here and will appear
in my American Ornithology. That bird has been
stated by recent writers not to inhabit the United

States, from the circumstance of being unnoticed by
Wilson. :

202. S. fedoa. Ord’s ed. Limosa fedoa. Vol.
vii. p. 30. This large species first figured by Ed-
wards, is peculiar to America, and has given rise to
several nominal species, owing to its varieties of sex
and age. Thename of Limosa fedoa must be adopt-
ed for them all.

SYNONYMES.
[ . Scororax fedoa, Liny. Guet. Lara.

Sconopax marmorata, LaTH.

Scororax hudsonica, Laru. (young.)

Limosa americana rufa, Briss.

Limicuta fedoa, V1EiLL.

Limtcuna marmorata, Viertt. (Although he makes a spe-
cies of it to which he affixes his name, he acknowledges
that it is nothing but the female, or the male in winter dress
of his fedoa!)

Luucuza hudsonica, Vert. (young.)

i _ ScoLopax, (as now restricted.)

The true ScoLopaces may be divided into three
rf subgenera, each of which has a representative in the
: United States,

"6 OBSERVATIONS ON THE NOMENCLATURE

.
Subgenus Rusticola, Vieill.

Considered by Vieillot asa genus. It contains but
two species, and is distinguished from almost all other
water birds by the very remarkable character of the
thigh being perfectly covered with feathers as in the
land birds; this anomaly has contributed to induce
me to change the foundation of the primary distri
bution of the feathered tribe, in my synopsis of North
American birds, not yet published, in order to es-
tablish it on more constant characters.

203. S. minor. Vol. vi. p. 40. It is worthy of
remark that this bird, which so completely replaces
here the 8S. rusticola of Europe, i is a summer visitant,
whilst its analogue, which is spread completely over
the old continent, is a winter resident in the tem-
perate climates and breeds in the north. As has
been remarked of the hare, partridge, and indeed of
all kinds of game, with the exception of the grouse
* and canvass-back duck, this species is much inferior
in bulk and flavour to its European analogue.

This bird is a striking example of the impropriety
of giving comparative names to animals; when natu-
ralists called it S. minor, they compared it with the
S. rusticola, and they applied the name of 5. major
to an European species as a distinction from its near
relative S. gallinago: thus is S. minor larger than
S. major! This statement is not made witha view
to countenance any change in the name, far from it 5
it is that future naturalists may be warned against so
pernicious an example. Se

— SA eT

TT ee

a sing

= Se

ie

OF WILSON’S ORNITHOLOGY. 77

SYNONYMES.

ScoLopax minor, Guex. Latn.
Rusticoua minor, Vietu.

Subgenus Scolopaz.

In this subgenus Europe is richer than North Ame-
rica, having four species, whilst the latter has but
one. According to Temminck and Vieillot, however,
all the European species inhabit North America ; if
this be the fact, they must be exceedingly rare, and
have escaped the researches both of Wilson and my-
self.

204.* S. gallinago. Vol. vi. p. 18. Commonly
known by the absurd name of English Snipe. The
first time I shot this bird I ascertained it to be a new
species, intermediate to S. gallinago and S. major,
being much more closely allied to the former, from
which it is hardly distinguishable, but having the
number of tail feathers (16) equal to that of the lat-
ter, of which bird it has also the voice, the more re-
gular flight, and some of the habits. I therefore
drew up a description of the bird and was about to
communicate it to the Academy as a new species,
when I observed in the Bulletin des Sciences Natu-
relles for February, 1824, a notice of a new Scoo-
pax, described by Mr. Kaup in the Isis, under the
name of S. brehmii. He states it to be found acci-
dentally in cold winters in the north of Germany,
and that it is intermediate to the gallinago and ma-
jor; this would almost be a sufficient indication of

78 OBSERVATIONS ON THE NOMENCLATURE

the present bird, since it is almost impossible that
any other species should exist between those two,
which are so closely allied; and the addition of the
short, but excellent phrase, the record of the cir-
cumstances under which it was found, as well as a
detailed description in the work of Mr. Brehm, on
the birds of Europe, since received, has dissipated all
doubts on this subject; the bird must therefore be
called S. brehmit. It is not a little unfortunate for
describers of American birds, that they should have
left one of their most common species to be established
by a young student of Heidelberg, from a speci-
men strayed in Europe. To Mr. Kaup the highest
credit is due for his success in a separation which
Wilson did not dare to attempt. The S. brehmit
must now be arranged amongst those birds which,
like the following species, the Toranus bartramius,
&c. are natives of America, but occasionally visit the
European continent, more or less regularly. For
this reason the sign of common residence is affixed
to it, and not from the circumstance of its being the
English Snipe, since it might, with much more pro-
priety, be called American Snipe.
SYNONYMES.

Scoropax brehmii, Kaur, Bream, Europ. Vog. p. 623.

Wilson evinces his good judgment by not quoting
any synonyme, by expressing a doubt relative to its
identity with the gallinago, and even stating that it is
probably a distinct species ; otherwise, he observes,
it must be partially changed hy difference of climate.

Se ee

FPA ME ee ee

OF WILSON’S ORNITHOLOGY. 79

How could he express such an opinion since he stren-
uously opposed such observations when made by Buf-
fon. Vieillot must probably retract his assertion that
the gallinago is found in more countries than any
other bird, inasmuch as it has never been found in this
hemisphere. It is very remarkable that Temminck
quotes Wilson under his gallinago, notwithstanding
the essential difference of the number of tail feathers.

Subgenus Macroramphus, Leach.

This subgenus which shows the transition from the
genus ScoLopax to Toranus, and corresponds to the
third section of Temminck’s Sco.orax (Bécassines
Chevaliers) is more closely allied to the preceding
than that subgenus is to Rusticola. Vieillot has not
distinguished it even as a section, but has uncon-
sciously shown its difference by making of the only
species belonging to it several nominal Toranrt. We
have adopted for this subgenus the name given by
Leach to an indicated genus in the Catalogue of the
British museum, although he has not assigned to it
any character; a similar division has also been pro-
posed by Say, in the first volume of Long’s Expedi-
tion to the Rocky Mountains, p. 171, likewise con-
sidered as deserving of generic distinction, and we
may say, that the present subgenus was established by
him, since although he neglected to give it a name
(which we should have adopted) yet he has given it
positive characters. It is, however, proper to remark
that this learned zoologist on referring the species

_. to Limosa instead of Sconopax, (he states it to be

,

80 OBSERVATIONS ON THE NOMENCLATURE

intermediate between the two) has so laid down the
characters as to make them the more strongly con-
trast with those of Limosa. The only character by
which it aberrates from ScoLopax and approaches
Toranus and Limosa, is that of having the exterior
toe connected at base to the middle one by a small
membrane ; a character, the importance of which is
diminished by the circumstance of some species of
the subgenus Scolopax, having a very slight rudi-
ment of this membrane. But the habits are widely
distinct from those of its congeners, and are more
allied to those of Limosa and Toranus.

205.* S. noveboracensis. Vol. vii. p. 45. Ord’s
ed. p. 49. S. grisea. This is one of those American
species which accidentally stray to Europe; its ap-
pearance in that quarter of the globe must be ex-
ceedingly rare, since Temminck has ascertained but
two instances, of which one was in England and the
other in Sweden, affording Nilsson an opportunity
of making a nominal species. The difference be-
tween the summer and winter plumage, and the
anomalous appearance of this Snipe, have led natu-
ralists to make several nominal species of it. -

SYNONYMES.

Scoropax grisea, Guew. Larn. Tem. (adult in winter
plumage.)

Scoropax noveboracensis, Gut, Lars. (adult in summer
dress.) Be

Scoropax leucophrea, VreIL.. (not of Latham, whose spe-
cies is the young of Limosa rufa of Europe.) (¢hanging to

the summer dress.), We cannot admit this to be a new

_ OF WILSON’S ORNITHOLOGY. . 81

species ; it is evidently the S. grisea in a different state of
plumage.

Toranus ferrmpinelcoliis, Vier. (summer dress of the
adult.)

Toranus griseus, Viet. (adult in winter; he describes

it also as a Scotorax, twice in one genus, and thrice in
the other.)

Scotopax paykulli, Nrxsson, Orn. Suec. (adult in winter
dress.)

Macrorampuus griseus, Leacu.

Limosa scolopacea, Say, in Long’s Expedition to the Rocky
Mountains, (adult in winter plumage.)

Toranus noveboracensis, Sazine, in Franklin’s Expedition,
(adult in summer dress.)

_The name of Sco.orax grisea ought probably to
be exclusively retained for this widely extended
North American species, having been chosen by those

. who first perceived that noveboracensis and grisea
of were but one species. Wilson, however, was aware
4 of it, since in a note he quotes the brown Snipe of
Pennant as a synonyme of the female, and as he
chooses the name of noveboracensis, the propriety
J of changing that name might be questioned. He
describes only the summer vesture, which renders it

Se ee

H necessary that we should represent the species in its
____Widely different winter dress.

vs

ig Toranus, Bechst.

4 P : ig :

. Species of this genus were scattered in SCOLOPAX
is and Trine, and so erroneous was the distribution,
that in some instances the same species was placed
in both genera: but according to the characters they

~ VOL. V.—avGusT, 1825. 11

82 OBSERVATIONS ON THE NOMENCLATURE

ought to have been all placed in Sco.opax. In
company with the Limos and the legitimate Trin-
Gm, they formed the genus Acritis of Illiger.
Bechstein was the first to,arrange them separately,
choosing a name which had previously been made
use of for some of the species; he was followed by
Cuvier, Temminck, Vieillot, and others. Not only
the genus, but many of the species also, are cosmo-
polites. The three that our author arranged under
Sco.opax are not the only Torani that he described;
some of his ‘Trine belong also to this natural genus,
thus incorrectly separated, whilst many distinct ge-
nera were strangely confounded together under the
names of TrinGa and Scotopax. We are surprised —
that Wilson should have pursued a course so erro-
neous and unnatural, as he was generally very happy
in detecting natural affinities.

206.* S. semipalmata. Ord’s ed. ToTanus semi-
palmatus. Vol. vii. p. 27. This is one of the
American species which occasionally stray to the
shores of Northern Europe ; it is therefore admitted
by Temminck in his Manuel amongst the European
birds. The great difference which exists between
the summer and winter vesture, has induced Vieillot
to make a nominal species of the latter, which I shall
represent in my American Ornithology, inasmuch
as the former only is included in Wilson’s Work.
The species is well distinguished by its semipalma-
ted feet ; a remarkable character, which has been con-
sidered by some as generic, and which would be pro-
perly estimated as subgeneric. re

csi

A ae

NG go tae Le te OY

OF WILSON’S ORNITHOLOGY. 83

SYNONYMES,

ScoLopax semipalmata, Guxx. Latx. (summer dress.)
Toranus semipalmatus, Tem, (VreiLL. summer dress.)
Toranvs crassirostris, Virtt. (winter plumage.)
Guortis semipalmata, Nitsson, Orn. Suec.

207. S. vocifera.. Vol. vii. p. 57. Ord’s ed, p.
61. Toranus melanoleucos. This bird is undoubt-
edly the S. melanoleuca of Gmelin and Latham, first
made known by Pennant. Why Wilson, who was
aware of it, should have changed the name, we are
at a loss to conceive; Mr. Ord was therefore right
in restoring the true specific name. The species is
peculiar to this continent, and by double employment
has been unaccountably considered as a variety of an
European species ; Vieillot made a nominal species
of this supposed variety.

SYNONYMES.

Scotopax melanoleuca, Gauri. Larn.

Scoropax fotanus, var. & Guet. Lata.

Toranus melanoleucus, Viri.u.

Toranus sasashew, VIEILL.

Toranus voeiferus, Saptne, (not of Vicillot, at least agree-
ably to the description of this author, who is wrong in quot-
ing as a synonyme Latham’s Scotorax melanoleuca, which is
our bird, and which he, in the same work, states to be his
Toranvus melanoleucus !)

208. S. flavipes. Vol. vii. p. 55. Ord’s ed. p.
LPeS P Pp

' 59. Toranus flavipes. This species is peculiar to

America, although it resembles some species of the
old continent.

84 OBSERVATIONS ON THE NOMENCLATURE

SYNONYMES.

Scoropax flavipes, Guex. Latu.
Toranus flavipes, Viertu. (Saige, undescribed summer
dress.)

TRINGA.

The remarks we made respecting the ScoLopaces
of Wilson, are applicable to his Trincx. Authors
comprised at least as many natural genera under this
head as under that of ScoLopax, whilst other na-
tural genera were indiscriminately scattered in both;
Wilson rather increased than diminished the confu-
sion by considering a Plover as one of the Trinex,
whilst he arranged a four-toed bird as a Plover. Of
his eleven Trincz, three are Torani, one forms
the genus STREPSILAS, one is a CHARADRIUS, and six
only are TrinG#; from this number, however, we
must reject two as being different states of others,
and therefore merely nominal species.

Toranus, Bechst.

_ This genus, as it had been dismembered by Wil-
son, is already spoken of under ScoLopax, where
we found three species; in Trinca we find four
others, making seven species of Torani described
by our author. Temminck and Vieillot attribute
several other species to North America, but none,
besides those of Wilson, have fallen under our ob-

servation, and we have been able to refer several of ©

Vieillot’s numerous new species to Wilson’s. Some
other species of this author may be referred with

ae

]
]
‘
i

e"

OF WILSON’S ORNITHOLOGY. 85

doubt, but we prefer to omit them with this notice

only, that our firm conviction is, that the greater
number of his new North American ToTani are
merely nominal.

209.* 'T. bartramia. Vol. vii. p. 63. Totanus
bartramius, Ord’s ed. p. 67. A new and beautiful
species, which has recently been found in Europe,
and is admitted by Temminck in his Manuel as one
of those birds the appearance of which in that coun-
i 1. Say informs me that this bird, so
rare in the Atlantic states, is very common in some
districts of the extensive Missouri prairies; thus con-
firming the opinion of Wilson that its residence is in
fhe interior, and not on the sea coast like most of
‘its congeners,

SYNONYMES,

Thadive bartramius, Tem.

Trine longicauda, Becust.

Toranus campestris, Vieit. (from Pisum whose de-
scription leaves no doubt as to the identity; thus is our
bird a visitant of South America.)

Toranus melanopygius ? Vizttu. (The size is, however,
smaller, and the remarkable shape of the tail is not men-
tioned, nor the colour of the lateral tail-feathers. Was not
the tail deficient in his specimen? if so, it may account for
the attributed smaller size, as that part may have been
estimated as of anordinary length. Vieillot does not men-
tion either Toranus bartramius, Wils. or T. tongicauda,
Bechst. under these names.)

210. T. solitaria. Vol. vii. p- 53. Ord’s ed. p.
57. Toranus glareolus, This was rightly given by

@

86 OBSERVATIONS ON THE NOMENCLATURE

Wilson as a new species peculiar to this continent ;
he did not perceive that it had been indicated by

Latham as a variety of his Trinca ochropus. Mr.

Ord has rejected Wilson’s species by referring it to
Toranus glareolus of Europe, to which it has cer-
tainly much resemblance ; but we cannot admit their
identity, since several European species approach as
near to each other as the present does to g/areolus.*
Wilson’s species will therefore remain as Toranus
solitarius, or rather, that name haying been applied
by Vieillot to another species, as ¥, ae chloropy-
gius, a name which he gave to the present,

SYNONYMES.

Trine ochropus, var. g Larn.
Toranus chloropygius, Vrr1Lu.

211.* Trinea macularia. Vol. vii. p. 60, Ord’s
ed. p. 64. Toranus macularius. This fine little

* It differs from the latter not only as respects the character
of the tail feathers, but also in being more minutely speckled,
the white spots being smaller; by its longer tarsus; by the li-
neation of all the tail feathers, but especially the lateral ones,
the bands being broader, purer, and much more regular, whilst
the lateral tail feathers of the European species are almost
pure white on the inner webs; by having the shaft of the ex-
terior primary black, whilst that of the glareolus is white; and
by other minor characters. We should have been glad of an
opportunity of examining the two specimens shot by Mr. Ord,
all the tail feathers of which were barred, and which corre-
sponded exactly with T. glareolus; agreeably to his ane
we are led to believe that the latter species is also an inhabi-

tant of these states.

;

OF WILSON’S ORNITHOLOGY. 87

Species is common to both continents, but is much
more abundant in America. It has long since been
distinguished from other species, by the handsome
manner in which the inferior surface is spotted, but
it is, notwithstanding, closely allied to several spe-
cies, and principally to T. hypoleucos.

SYNONYMES,.

Trinca macularia, Linn. Gusev. Larn.
Toranus macularius, Temm. Vier.
Trinca turdus aquaticus, Briss.

TrrnGa, Linn,

Although we join the name of Linné to this genus,
we do not estimate it exactly as he did, since, as has
been often said, his genus TRINGA was very compre-
hensive and unnatural. It approaches more to the
genus Trinca of Brisson, but even that has been
limited, by removing the Torani and a few others.
The genus, as adopted by Temminck, Vieillot, and
ourselves, may be subdivided into three subgenera $
first, TRINGA, toes entirely separated ; second, Ma-
CHETES, outer toe connected at base with the middle
one ; this was constituted by Cuvier for the Trina
pugnax of Europe; it has no representative in
America: third, a new subgenus which I propose
to institute under the name of Hemipalama, for the
Trinca semipalmata of Wilson, the characters of
which will be, toes semipalmated.

88 OBSERVATIONS ON THE NOMENCLATURE
Subgenus Hemipalama.

This new subgenus will connect still more inti-
mately than Macueres does the closely allied ge-
nera Trinca and Toranus: it may almost be ar-
ranged in either, and may perhaps induce some
naturalists to unite them agreeably to Brisson, and
to add to them Limosa, after the example of Illiger;
the great genus thus formed, ought to be called Triv-
GA, and not Acritis. At all events the characters
of the genus TrinGa, even those of Temminck and
of Vieillot must be altered, in order to comprehend

_ the present subgenus.

212. TRINGA semipalmata. Vol. vii. p. 131. Ord’s
ed. p. 137. This was given by Wilson as a new
species, or as one that had always been confounded
with the following. We, however, think that it is
clearly indicated by Brisson in the description and
figure of his Trinea cinclus dominicensis minor, on
which exclusively, Linné has established his Trinca
pusilla, The latter was unaccountably confused by
Gmelin and Latham, who added synonymes and de-.
tails that do not relate to it, but to an European spe-
cies, the little Sandpiper of Latham. The semipal-
mated feet noticed by Brisson, clearly prove our
assertion. It is, therefore, not correct to state that
this species has been confounded with Trinea pu-
silla, from which it is easily distinguishable by the
character of its feet, since it is the real TRINGA pu-
silla, and the other an intruder. i

We should, therefore, propose to restore its legi-

OF WILSON’S ORNITHOLOGY, 89

timate name, were it not for the following reasons :
Ist, several species have been confounded together
under the name of T. pusilla; and although the pre-
sent is the real species, it would be adding to the
existing confusion to change the most appropriate
name of semipalmata, given by the author who first
separated the species, in order to apply a name ge-
nerally given to another, to which we ought, in that
case, to give anewname. 2nd, Though pretty well
satisfied that this is the pusilla of Linné, from the
circumstance of his quoting Brisson only, yet we can-
not help observing that the under parts are indicated
in the description as being more rufescent, and that
it may therefore be a distinct bird. These reasons
induce us to adopt the appropriate name given by
Wilson, who certainly had, at all events, the merit

- of distinguishing two species out of the compound

T. pusilla, both of which are peculiar to America.
SYNONYMES.

Trinea cinclus dominicensis minor, Briss. (Unaccount-
ably quoted by Vieillot under his Toranus pusillus, a bird
which he states to be spread over. all North America, but
which we have never seen; he further says that it has im-
properly been referred to Trinea pusilla. We do not know
what it is; probably not a real species.) _

Trinea pusilla? Linn, not of Gmel. and Lath, (although
they have preserved the Linnean phrase. So little can
we rely on these Trinea phrases!)

Trinea semipalmata, Vixint. (from Wilson.)

- VOL. V.—avaustT, 1825, 12

50 OBSERVATIONS ON THE NOMENCLATURE

Subgenus Tringa.

Five species of this subgenus are described by our
author, but his T. eimedus being no other than his
T. alpina, in winter plumage, and his cinerea being
the young of his rufa, the real number is reduced to
three. Temminck and Vieillot mention several
others as inhabitants of the United States; and we
have no doubt of the existence of several in this
country, not recorded by Wilson. Thus Say, in
his valuable notes to Long’s Expedition, has en-
riched the ornithology of his country with a beau-
tiful species, which seems to us to be TRINGA cin-
clus dominicensis of Brisson, a bird accurately de-
scribed and figured by that author, but since unno-
ticed; it is closely allied to T. a/pina, and hardly
distinguishable from it but by its larger size and
shorter bill. Say’s T. cinelus var. may also prove
to be an addition to the American Ornithology ; we
believe it to be the new European species hitherto
eonfounded with T. alpina, and lately separated by
Brehm, in his work on the birds of Europe, under
the name of T. schinzii, in winter plumage. Both
will appear in my American Ornithology.

213. T. pusilla. Vol. v. p. 32. This species
is peculiar to America, notwithstanding Wilson’s
statements, and although Sabine has referred it to
T. minuta of Europe. The size of the tarsus, which
is remarkably long in minuta, whilst it is short (less
than of an inch) in pusilla, if no other character,
proves it entirely distinct; though it is certainly

OF WILSON’S ORNITHOLOGY. 9]

elosely allied both to that species and to T. tem-
minchit.

Although it is not the T. pusilla of Linné, as we
have proved, yet as that species will probably be
abolished according to what we have stated under
the preceding species, we shall permit Wilson’s name
to remain. It is much to be regretted that Wilson’s
first impression relative to this bird being a variety
of some other species, probably of his semipalmata, in-
duced him to reduce the size of his figure so much
as to render it absolutely useless. aft

SYNONYMES.

T. pusilla, (not of Linné.) Guet.? Lata.? Vier. It is
strange to see this author, who quotes Wilson’s plate, state
that itis Trine cinclus dominicensis minor of Brisson, which
he has correctly represented, on another occasion, to be
erroneously placed under T. pusilla. The toe membranes
of that bird will always prevent naturalists from referring
it to the present species with any appearance of good rea-
son; neither can it be Vieillot’s Toranus pusillus, (a doubt-
ful species) as is proved by the orange feet, white lateral
tail feathers, &c.; not one of the characters he attributes
to his bird corresponds with the present. Brisson’s bird is,
therefore, either an independent species, (at all events the
Trinea pusilla of Linné) which cannot be our bird, or, as
we have stated, it is the Trine semipalmata of Wilson; we
must confess, however, that the under parts are indicated
as rufescent in that bird; and, as we read in Temminck’s
Manuel (in a note) that an extra European species is really
so, we must hesitate to permit Wilson’s name to remain,
and should the true pusilla be a distinct species, we must
give a new name to the present bird, or apply to it the fol,

92 OBSERVATIONS ON THE NOMENCLATURE

lowing synonyme of Vieillot, if we are right in our suppo-
sition that it belongs to it.
SYNONYME.

Trinca minutilla? View.

214.*.T. alpina. Vol. vii. p. 25. This bird is
widely spread over both continents, but the Ameri-
can specimens are, on an average, larger than those
of Europe. Its changes are very considerable, and
with other authors Wilson described the summer
plumage as belonging to a different species from that
of the winter. The species is now generally known
as T. variabilis, but, in addition to the fact that this
name would be equally applicable to other Sandpi-
pers, we cannot admit any excuse for changing spe-
cific names, and shall, therefore, retain the somewhat ©
inappropriate name of T. alpina, which could only
be changed with any appearance of propriety, for
that of T. cinelus, which is also a Linnean name for
the same species in a different state of plumage.

SYNONYMES-

Trinea alpina, Linn. Gut. Lata. (summer dress,) Viern1.?
(he states the size to be only six French inches.) He
corrects an error (which he creates) of Temminck, by saying
the latter is right in quoting Trinca cinclus of Briss. but evi-
dently wrong in quoting T. cinclus minor of the same author,
as synonymes of this species. The latter, says he, is my
Trinca pusilla, He means to say, that his Trinea pusilla
is Trinea cinclus dominicensis minor of Brisson; but even in
this he is mistaken; and Temminck quotes the var. a. minor
of Brisson’s Trivea cinclus! That bird may be different
from the present, and it may possibly be T. schinzii of

OF WILSON’S ORNITHOLOGY, 93

Brehm, but it is certainly Vieillot’s alpina which is six
inches long.

Trine cinclus, Linn. Briss. Guex. Latu. (winter plum-
age.)

Taivea ruficollis, Get. Latu. (spring moulting.)

Scoropax pusilla? Guet. (moulting.) Is it not rather T.
schinzti, Brehm?

Trine cinclus torquatus, Briss. (moulting.)

Scoropax gallinago anglicana? Briss. (moulting.) Is it
not rather T. schinzii ?

Trinea variabilis, Meyer, Temm. SaBine.

Le Cincle, Burr. Pl. Enl. 852, (moulting.) 2)

L’Alouetie de mer? Bure. Pl. Enl. 851, (moulting.) With
Vieillot we do not think this plate intended for Trinea
subarquata, Temm. as it is thought. by Meyer and Tem-
minck.

215.*+ T. cinelus. Ord’s ed. T. alpina. Vol.

vii. p. 39. This being no other than the winter
vesture of the preceding, it must be altogether erased
from the list of species. In this case Wilson follow-
ed European authors, who all committed the same
error, as may be ascertained by the synonymes which
have been of course quoted under the preceding.
Wilson’s figure and description do not relate to the
perfect winter dress, which is more uniformly cine-
reous ; some vestiges of the summer dress are still to
be observed in it. The two specimens, male and
female, shot by Mr. Ord below Philadelphia, and
which he thought young, belonged probably to T.
schinzii, Brehm, (T. einelus, var. Say.)

216.* T. rufa. Vol. vii. p. 43. Ord’s ed. p. 47.

aS

94 OBSERVATIONS ON THE NOMENCLATURE

This was given by Wilson as a new species; but he
perceived a close alliance to the species to which
it really belongs. The editor permitted the spe-
cific name to remain, but gave the synonymes with
doubt. He enquires, Is this bird T. islandica ?
Even in that case is T. tslandica the perfect adult
plumage of T. cinerea? We are gratified to be
able to state from minute observations and compa-
risons, that T. rufa is no other than T. is/andica
in the same state of plumage. 'T. cinerea is the
same bird in winter dress. Thus has Wilson added
a new name to a species that had already seven,
whilst he described it under two different heads.
The first error is excusable from the want of oppor-
tunities of comparison, whilst the other is common
to all other authors, who have moreover described
the same changeable species, not only twice, as Wil-
son did, but seven times. ‘The name of T. islandica
must be exclusively applied to them all, both in
America and Europe.

SYNONYMES.

Trinea islandica, Linn. Gurr. Lata. (This author is
wrong to quote a species which is Trinea subarquata, Temm.
easily distinguished by its curved bill, &c.) (summer dress.
Bren ve

Trinea cinerea, GueL. Laru. (winter plumage.) Temm.

Tringa grisea, Guex. Lata. (winter plumage.)

Trinea canutus? Livy. Briss. Guev. Lata. (winter plum-
age.) If thissynonyme were not a little doubtful and proper
to an anomalous state, it ought, as prior, to be applied te
the species.

‘ell

oe
cae ait

a

Se eer

a

}

led

OF WILSON’S ORNITHOLOGY. 95

Trinea nevia, Guev. Lata. (young.)

Trinea australis, Guet. Latu. (young.)

Trinea calidris ? Linn. Guev. Laru. (moulting.) If it does
not relate to this species it does to the preceding, (T. al-
pina) and must at all events be rejected from the list of
beings.

Trinea calidris, Briss. (young in spring.)

Trivea calidris nevia, Briss. (young, changing ;) the figure
only, not the description.

Trinea calidris grisea, Briss. (winter plumage.)

Maubéche grise, Burr. Pl. Enl. 366. (winter plumage.)

Maubéche tachetée, Burr. Pl. Enl. 365. (young in the first
spring.)

Trinea ferruginea, Meyer, ViEILi.

Toranus ferrugineus, VieiL1. (summer dress.)

217.*+ T. cinerea. Vol. vii. p: 36. This spe-
cies must be eliminated, as it is no other than a dif-
ferent state of the very changeable T. islandica, of
which so many nominal species have been made. Wil-
son’s description and figure are those of a very young
specimen before the first moult.

Srrepsi.as, Illig.

Consists of but one species, which is spread all
over the globe. Brisson had correctly established
the genus, which Linné afterwards abolished, under
the name of ArenariA, and Vieillot has adopted
that name notwithstanding that it is pre-occupied in
Botany.

218. T. interpres. Ord’s ed. SrrePsiLAs inter-
pres. Vol. vii. p. 32. A well known species, sub-

ne

*e

%

96 OBSERVATIONS ON THE NOMENCLATURE

ject to many variations of plumage, owing entirely
to age, the sexes being nearly similar. Wilson
figures a perfect adult male, and gives an excellent
history of the species. It must now be called Srrep-
SILAS interpres.

SYNONYMES.

Trinea interpres, Linn. Guev. Lata.

Trinea morinella, Linn. (young.)

Trinea interpres @. morinella, Guet. Latu. (young.)

Srrepsizas collaris, Temm. Brexm.

AReENARIA interpres, VIEILL+

ArenariA, Brtss. (adult.)

AreEnaria cinerea, Briss. (young.)

Coulond-chaud, Burr. Pl. Enl. 856. (adult.)

Coulond-chaud gris, Burr. Pl, Enl. 857. (very young.)

Coulond-chaud de Cayenne, Burr. Pl. Enl. 340, (very
young, stretched beyond measure in the stuffing.)

Cuvier is wrong to consider these plates as belonging to
a distinct species peculiar to South America. rh

It is so unaccountable that Wilson should have re-
ferred the following Plover to Trinea, that we feel
no hesitation in stating that the word Trinea placed
before Aiaticula, is undoubtedly a typographical er-
ror, which, however, appears also in the index. In
this assertion we are corroborated by the very defi-
nite characters of the genus, and by the fact that
Wilson calls his bird a Plover and not a Sandpiper.
He further considered his Cuaraprius Aiaticula as

CHARADRIUS.

ae |
¥ ;
=
eae «9 le
M
a
5)
’
fe

CG

"OF WILSON’S ORNITHOLOGY. 97

a variety of his Trinea hiaticula, (he called both
Ring-plovers) and, even since, was not so well satisfied
of their being distinct species as to apply a name to
his supposed variety ; how then can we admit that
he considered them as belonging to different genera?

-We must therefore conclude that he considered this

bird, as in justice he ought, a CHarapRIUvs.

219. Trinea (a typographical error, it ought to
be Cuaranrivs) hiaticula. Vol. vii. p. 65, Ord’s
ed. Cuaraprius hiaticula, p. 69. Is accurately
described and figured by our author, but some of
the synonymes belong to an allied European species
of a smaller size. The remark made by Mr. Ord
relative to the difference between the union of the

toes in American and European specimens, is no less’

extraordinary than correct ; I have verified it on the
specimens in my collection. This character would
seem om in the most positive manner that they
are distinct, but allied species, differing from each
other as TrinGA semipalmata of Wilson differs from
his Trica pusilla. Uhave been endeavouring to
discover some other markings on my stuffed speci-
mens, that might enable me to establish the species
on a more solid basis; but though certain small dif-
ferences are discernible, such as the somewhat smaller
size, and the black narrower collar of the American,
&e. yet we are aware that such trifling differences
occur between individuals of the same species; we
shall therefore not rely on them until our observa-
tions shall have been repeated on numerous recent or

living specimens. In the mean time should the spe-
VOL. V.—-aucusT, 1825. 13

93 OBSERVATIONS ON THE NOMENCLATURE

cies prove to be distinct, of which we have no doubt,
it may be distinguished by the appropriate name 4
CHARADRIUS semipalmatus. "
The synonymes of the European C. hiaticula, ave
the following : y
_ Cuananrivs hiaticula, Linn. Guin, Lara. Temm. Vigitt.
Prvviatis torquata minor, Briss.
Le Pluvier @ collier, Burr. Pl. Enl. 920.

‘ CHARADRIUS.

This genus formerly contained almost all the three-
toed GRALL#, but as now restricted by the separa-
tion of the genera Himanropus, (Kpicnemus, Ca-
LIDRIS, &c. it is very natural. The genus PLuyia-
Lis of Brisson approached nearer to the present ar-
rangement than any other, as it contained only the il-
legitimate @ipicnemus. In the index are seven spe-
cies given as Plovers; but of these, two belong to the
genus CaLipris, and are in reality but different states
of one species; one is a four-toed bird belonging
to the genus VANELLUs of Brisson, which had néver
been arranged with the Plovers, but was a Linnwan
Trinea. Wilson, however, was more judicious in
arranging it with CHARADRIUS, since it is certainly
more closely allied to that genus than to Trine.
Thus but four true Cuarapru are described as such
by, Wilson, and if we add the above mentioned bird.
erroneously called a Trinea, we shall have five
Cuaraprit described by our author, and they are,

probably, all the species except one, inhabiting these
states.

OF WILSON’S ORNITHOLOGY.” 99°

220. C. hiaticula. Vol. v. p. 30. Was at first
given by Wilson as a variety, of which he intended
to describe the type in a future volume, but when
he did so in the seventh volume, he clearly and posi-

tively pointed out the differences in markings, habits,

migrations, voice, &c. between the two, which he
then considered as distinct species ; he thus, in reali-
ty, established the species, but without applying a

. new name, and we have no doubt that if he had

made out the index himself he would then have sup-
plied the deficiency, as he had before done in respect
tosome land birds. However, Mr. Ord has supplied
this void by calling it C. melodus. We cannot help
expressing our regret that this name of Wilson, re-
peatedly objected to, in these observations, as being
ungrammatical, should — be again brought forward.
Bad as it is, it must still be preserved ; and Mr. Ord
informs us that it ( uld have been Wilson’s choice.
“ ‘cus, canorus, and others, would have
correctly conveyed the same appropriate meaning.
Thave carefully examined and compared the spe-
cies, and have no doubt of its being distinct and new ;
this may account for the unjust censure of Wilson’s
figure by Temminck, who thought it intended for
the C. hiaticula, a censure which has been repeated
and aggravated by Sabine; Wilson had stated the
bird to be a variety, and the figure would of course
be somewhat different. We can see no other fault
in the figure than its extremely diminished size,
which renders it almost useless. On this account.
as the bird is now admitted to the rank of a new

100 OBSERVATIONS ON THE NOMENCLATURE

species, I shall give a figure of it of the natural size
in the second volume of my American Se nee
As Mr. Ord very properly observes, the inner toe

is separated to the base; by which character it ap- .

proaches more closely to C. hiaticula of Europe than
to C. semipalmatus of America. Being a new spe-
cies, the synonymes quoted by our author do not

belong to it, and they do not, moreover, relate to

a
7

one and the same species.

221. C. wilsonius. Vol. ix. p.77. A very rare
species established by the editor and dedicated to
Wilson. It is the first homage of the kind paid to
the memory of this great and lamented self-taught
naturalist. The descriptions of several species in
the works of former authors, come more or less near
to it, but after a careful investigation we are satisfied
that it is new.

SYNONYMEs
Cuaraprivs wilsonius, ViEtLL. ian Wilson’ $ Wack.)

222.°C. vociferus. Vol. vii. p. 73. Ord’s i p-
77. A beautiful and well known American species,
described several times by former authors.

SYNONYMES,.

Cuaraprivs vociferus, Linn. Gur. Lata. Viriit.
Cuaraprius torquatus, Linn.

Cuaraprius Jameaicensis ? Guev. Latu. ViEILEe fe
Proviatis virginiana torquata, Briss. “%
Pruviatis dominicensis torquata, Briss.

PLuviatis jamaicensis torquata ? Briss.

Pluvier @ collier de St. Domingue, Burr. Pl. Eni. 286.

i

abyre
8 3

OF WILSON’S ORNITHOLOGY. 101

223.* C. pluvialis. Vol. vii.-p. 71. VANELLUS
helveticus, Ord’s ed. p. 75, (a different bird from
that of Wilson.) The editor has rejected from Wil-

_son’s work this beautiful species, so widely spread

over the globe. That Wilson confounded the young
of VANELLUs helveticus with it, is obvious, and every
naturalist knows how readily they may be mistaken

_ for each other. But as he had very properly intro-
~ duced this species into his ornithology, all that was

afterwards required was to correct the error by sepa-
rating the two species, and placing all that had re-
lation to VaNnELLUS /elveticus in its article. That.
Wilson had the real Golden Plover in view, is proved
by his statement, that the feet are ‘‘ three-toed, with
generally the slight rudiments of a heel.”” This shows
beyond the possibility of a doubt, that those with
the slight rudiment were VANELLI, and that those
without any were CHARADRII, and that the greater
number of individuals observed by Wilson, were of
the former genus. There can be no doubt that Wil-

“son’s figure is taken from the genuine C. pluvialis,

as is proved by a greater brilliancy of colouring than
is ever exhibited by the young of VANELLUs helve-
ticus, and especially by the slenderness and general
shape of the bill, though on a close inspection the
plate exhibits a doubtful indication of the rudimental
toe, (a deviation from nature that may be explained
by the circumstance that Wilson ‘did not believe that
appendage to be specific;) and as the text must be
intended to elucidate the plate, the editor ought to

have made a new article referring exclusively to the

afl

102 OBSERVATIONS ON THE NOMENCLATURE

Cuaraprivs pluvialis. No notice being now taken ~~

of that interesting and delicious bird, we shall sup-

@

editor appears to be of opinion that the C. piwialis ~

ply this omission in our American Ornithology. The a

is altogether foreign to America, and states that all -
the American birds hitherto referred to that species,
were young of VANELLUS helveticus.. But we can
assert from our own observation that they are cone
mon eyen in the Philadelphia market. a

SYNONYMES. y

Cuarapnivs plucialis, Linn. Guex. Latu. (winter dress.)
Temm. VieILL.

Cuaraprivus apricartus, Linn. Guer. Laru. (summer
dress,) (not of Wilson, which is a four-toed bird, Vawexius
helveticus.) “i if

Puioviauis aurea, Briss. (winter dre 38.)

_Puvvianis aurea minor, Briss. (wi nt

Pruviatis dominicensis aurea, Briss. (winter dress.)

Pruviatis aurea Frreti Hudsonis, Briss. (summer dress:)

Le Pluvier doré, Burr. Pl. Enl. 904, (winter dress.)

*
VaNELLUS, Briss.

This genus contains those Linnean Trincm and
Parra# which have a Plover bill, and are therefore
much more intimately allied to Coaraprivs than to
Trinca. Indeed we consider them as so closely
related that we doubt the propriety of ¢ psidering
VANELLUS as a genus; at any rate we are : strongly
inclined to unite the subgenus Squatarola of Cuvier
{Vanneaux- Phiviers of Temminck) vie the genus

»

ae

te
se

\

OF WILSON’S ORNITHOLOGY. 103

Cuaraprius, the only difference being the slight
rudiment of a hind toe; and it is certainly rather in-

_ judicious to separate generically, two species that

are so much alike as to be generally mistaken for
one another, even by Ornithologists. The genus
VANELLUs ought to consist of the V. cristatus of Eu-
rope, the V. cayanensis, senegalus, &c. it would

_ then have no representative in North America.

Subgenus Sguatarola, Cuv.

224.* Cuarapnrius apricarius. Vol. vii. p. 41.
Ord’s ed. VANELLUS helveticus, p. 42. Wilson
evinced his good judgment by arranging this species
with the Plovers rather than with the Trivex ; but
he committed an error by applying to it the name of
C. apricarius, a name which belongs to a three-toed
species, the preceding in its summer dress. His
not considering the want of a hind toe as a con-
stant character, was probably the cause of his error,

which Mr. Ord has corrected. The bird is common
“to both continents, and is generally known by the
name of VANELLUS melanogaster. Mr. Ord, how-
ever, with Vieillot, judiciously called it V. helveticus,
as being the first name given. Owing to its re-
markable changes several nominal species have been
made of it. Agreeably te my view of the affinity of
this bird I shall call it Coaraprivs helveticus.

‘SYNONYMES.

Vane wus helveticus, Briss. (summer dress.) Virttn.
Vanetuus griseus, Briss. (winter dress.)

104. OBSERVATIONS ON THE NOMENCLATURE

Vanetuus varius, Briss. (young.)

Vanettus melanogaster, Becust.. Tem.

Trine squatarola, Linn. Guet. Lata. (winter plumage.)
TrineA varia, Linn. (young.)

Trinea squatarola @ varia, Guet. Lata. (young.)

Trinea helvetica, Linn. Gut. Lara. (summer dress of

the adult.) '
Le vanneau varié, Burr. Pl. Enl. 923, Maisie didn’
Le vanneau gris, Burr. Pl. Enl. 854, (young)

Le vanneau suisse, Burr. Pl. Enl. 853, (summer dress of
the adult.)

Wilson states that this bird, when young, may be
easily confounded with the C. pluvialis, but that it
may be readily distinguished by the larger size, and
proportionally larger head and bill; 3 in this he is per-
fectly right. But the gr ‘number of those
which I have examined,” sa , “have the rudi-
ments of a hind toe. ” W remark that all
those destitute of a hind Hob were Colden Plovers in
summer dress, and had therefore small heads and bills.

Cauipris, Illig. rs

Was first established by the German Ornithologists
under the name of ArENARIA (but we must not con-
found this with the Arenaria of Brisson and Vieil-
lot, which is our Srrepsiias) but as this was pre-
occupied in Botany it was changed by Illige
present name, and has been adopted by all
writers.

It consists of the following species BA, sabi is
found in almost all parts of the globe, and has been

OF WILSON'’S ORNITHOLOGY. 105

» described thrice’by Gmelin, and twice by our author.
The circumstance relative to the classification of this
genus is analogous to that of the genus VANELLUS
though much more closely allied to Trinea, (of
which perhaps it ought to form a subgenus) it had
| “been arranged with the CHARADRII on account of
their three-toed feet, as the Vanexui had been placed
under Trrvea because of their four-toed feet. We
| are surprised that Wilson did not make this change,
as he did, though inadvertently, in the case of the
preceding species. The species had also been placed
in Trinca. Wilson was fully aware of the impro-
I: priety of arranging this bird with Cuaraprivs, al-
_ though he did not venture a change.

Vol. vii. p. 68. Ord’s ed. p.
lust be known by the
7; the figure represents
the bird in its wi dress. Wilson positively
states that the Ruddy Plover is the same bird in
‘summer plumage, generally mistaken for a distinct
species. He moreover promises a figure of that state;
but he afterwards considered it as distinct.

72, Cauipris ae
DRIS

‘name of CaLip

SYNONYMES.

Cauipris arenaria, Itc. Tem.
Cauinris rubidus, Viriti.
Taxeug arenar ia, Linn. Guz. (winter dress.)
Cu rubidus, Guex. Lar. (summer dress.)
Cuan, aprivs calidris, Livy. Guen. Larx. (young-)
“ Trivnea calidris grisea minor ? Briss. (winter dress.)

SO aR ee ee ee ee = Pa ae
’

'226.*+ Cuaraprius rubidus. Vol. vii. p. 129.

- Ur
a V.—SEPTEMBER, 1825. 14

SAS a See eed

106 OBSERVATIONS, &c.

Ord’s ed. CaLrpris arenaria, p. 135. The preced-
ing species in perfect summer plumage.

Se FM ATORGS.
a fi
_ A well marked genus, spread over the globe, and»
composed of but three well ascertained species, one
only of which inhabits the United States, though
another is vaguely stated to be found on n the north-

west coast of America.

227.* H. ostralegus. Vol. viii. p.15. Com
to Europe and North America. The South Ameri-
can species is distinct. Wilson’s figure represents

the summer plumage. Mr. Ord makes a remark by is
he propriety of con-

which he would seem to doubt

sidering the North Am
: a ,

ropean species. The ter, says he,

black, whilst that of ¢ er is white, largely

tipped with black.” We have before us specimens

from both countries, and find them perfectly similar,

“f ‘same as the

both having the tail white at base and black at tip. ®&

SYNONYMES,
Ilamarorus ostralegus, Linn. Guev. Latu. Temm. Via.
Osrratecus pica marina, vulgo dicta, Briss. .

E’Huitrier, Burr. Pl, Eni. 929, (winter plumage.)

(20 BE CONTINUED.) 4

ae

bad

Dt hu

‘
; and fine teeth: eyes small, placed between the angles’

th.

MURENOPHIS. a 107
ci % ‘ agp :

i SEE o> |)
pa

‘es
ba ane

ay yak
igs

Descriptions of four new species of Murznoputs.
od C. A. Lesveur. July 19, 1825.

ap. macularia. P\, iv. ‘igh 1. Head a

gap

ye very wide ; spots of a dirty white on the back, —

rei a kind of chain; other smaller spots on the
sides; colour pretty deep brown.
Body nearly cylindrical anteriorly, compressed
mel, the tail: dorsal fins commencing on the
#, very narrow and united to the anal: head
d body covered with whitish spots, which form
sith the back a kind of chain; head narrow, snout
pretty long: mouth deeply cleft, armed with long

of the j jaws and the extremity of the snout: nostrils
tubulous, prominent: operculze, or rather the skin
which supplies their place, very dilatable: branchial
opening very small: lateral line indistinct.

Inhabits among the rocks and madrepores of Bar-

“badoes 3 very active, ‘and slides so swiftly between

them that it is very difficult to take. The figure is
of the natural size.

2. M. rade. iv. fig. 2. Body much com- -
]

pressed, bright yellow, with spots and irregular bands
of deep black, which give it a resemblance to the
disposition of colours in the zebra; jaws equal; teeth
short, conic, pointed.

This speciés, whose body is very much compressed,
is distinguished by the opposition of the yellow and

i,

“tinct. ‘

ed with round and distant spots of orange, edged

| va &
ayy °
a é "i

108 the 7 MURENOPHIS, =

black colours, and by the black spots ae vertica
bands which cover the body.
eon small: gape moderate : snout obtuse, tee

The rocks and madrepores afford it shelter, where a
it glides with agility, and is, like the preceding,
diflicult to catch.

The figure Lg rpoees the animal of the natural

size. ®
3. M. ocellata, PI. iv. fig. 3. Body slender, cy- _
lindrical, serpentiform, of a rufous colour, ornament-

with blue; dorsal fin ye edged with blue, united 4
to the anal: head sho covered with small round 2 L
grange spots : jaws unequal : teeth conic, obtuse. a

This exceeds the preceding in length, and is also
more agile ; its cylindric and attenuated body enables
it to pass readily between the rocks-and corals of the
shores of Barbadoes, where I discovered it and the
preceding species during my stay in this lant (3 in
1815, in company with Mr. Maclure.

4. M. bengalensis. From siatten to seventeen -
elongated spots on the dorsal, and a straight band of
black on the anal fin; eyes large; body covered with
numerous round spots.

Body 14 inches long, 13 inches in depth upon the
nucha; elevated anteriorly and gradually diminishing

i r ‘

a

we

a

®
oh

© CONDYLURA. a iiisie 109

ie a giving it an elamgated lan-
ciform appearance : head straight, compressed: snout

short, with mucous pores on the sides: jaws unequal,

‘in length: inferior ja ,,
S, susceptible of considera extension,
cilitate the entrance of the food; numerous plaits of
skin on the sides to permit the throat and branchiz
to dilate: branchial opening very small: teeth in the
throat: eyes very large: dorsal fin commencing over
@ branchial opening: colour blackish-brown, with
nui yellowish spots over the body.
is beautiful species does not appear to me to

o been described; it was brought from the coast
~~ of Bengal.

Note on the genus Connytura of Iiliger. By
~ J.D. Gopmay, M.D. Read July 19, 1825.

As several very interesting external characters
peculiar to the ConpyLura cristata have been en-
tirely overlooked by those who have heretofore writ-
ten on this subject, the object of this note is to sup-
ply the deficiency as far as possible, especially as

these characters may be very serviceable in enabling

us to compare the present genus with some others. -
The Conpy.ura cristata is destitute of an auricle
projecting above the level of the skin, but is, never-

-

110 ae CONDYLURAY)

theless, provided with an extremely large extn

ear, as we may properly consider all that part whic .

is entirely exterior to the tympanum and skull. The
meatus externus fee _— long, having & distinctly

, oti fold of integument connecting the fore-arm and
head, and may be very easily missed by those who
merely examine stuffed skins, or specimens preserved
in spirits. From the meatus, the course of the carti-
laginous tube is obliquely downwards, forwards; and
inwards, until it terminates in a delicate bony tube,
previous to reaching the tympanum, which is large
and composed of a very delicate membrane, ie
The scales on the anterior and posterior extremi-
ties have been mentioned in general terms by several —
writers, especially by Desmarest, who has given the

‘

best description of the animal that has yet appeared. *

But these scales are so peculiar and uniform in their
position, that I cannot understand how a naturalist
could pass over the particulars of their arrangement
in silence.

’ On the anterior extremities the superior or ulnar
edge of the hand has on its anterior surface, (regard-
ing the position of the animal) a row of corneous
scales, about nine in number, which are broadest mid-
way from the carpus to the first phalanx of the fifth
finger. Another row of scales commences on the
inferior part of the back of the little finger, becom-
ing broader and of a semilunar figure as they extend
towards the metacarpus, between these two a much

th

=

CONDYLURA. ot 08

‘smaller row is placed. The fourth finger has a sin-

gle row of small scales on its upper posterior side,
and a large one extending along the back of the finger
to the metacarpus; the middle : fin; yer has a small cen-
tral row, which is distinguishab e; that on the fore
finger is still more feint; the thumb has none but
very small ones on its central posterior part, but on
its inferior posterior part, or radial edge, it has one
scale of considerable size on the phalanx, and four or
five between this part and the carpus; the two nearest
the scale on the phalanx are largest. |

e surface of the palm of the hand is covered
with small circular scales, extending most numerously,

_ and of a darker colour from opposite the root of the
thumb obliquely outward to the basis of the little

finger.

On the inferior ex ct emities, the whole of the su-
perior surface of the foot is covered with minute,
blackish, circular scales, which increase slightly in
size as they approach the toes. On the anterior part
of the fourth toe isa large central row of black scales,
and on the fifth a rather smaller one; hence these
toes have a very considerable resemblance to the toes
of a bird. . The other toes of the hind foot being ap-
plied with their anterior surfaces to the ground, have
the scales very minute and almost colourless.

The colour of.the scales varies on different parts
of the hand. On so much of the back of the hand
as is formed by the fourth and little fingers, the
scales are very dark blue, approaching a black, in
the living animal; thence to the large scales of the

1D CONDYLURA,

thumb the colour changes to a feint purplish blues
which is little more than distinguishable.

Two other excellent’ characters belonging to the
palm of the hand haye been neglected ; the first is
the enlargement of the carpal edge of the palm by
an elongation of the integuments; this, in addition
to the row of bristles that margins all the rest of the
palm, has two distinct bristly hairs at its superior
and inferior edge, more than } of an inch long. The
second character is still more striking ; it is a process

of the palmar cuticle on the superior edge of the
thumb and three succeeding fingers. These pro-
cesses are serrated and directed obliquely upwards

and outwards ; the serrations on the thumb being two, __

and on the three succeeding fingers three in number.

On the soles of the (posterior) feet another charae-
ter is found, which consists. of five circular, distinct
spots, so arranged that the two nearest the body are
parallel with each other, opposite the commencement
of the first toe, counting as in the human subject,
from the one nearest the median line of the body 3
the superior spot is nearly in a line with the fourth

toe, and larger and darker coloured than the inferior; .

the two succeeding spots (nearer the extremity of
the toes) are also parallel with each other; the ex-
terior one is largest of all these plantar scales, and
placed nearly over the extremity of the metatarsal
of the fourth toe; the inferior spot is nearly over the
root of the second toe; the fifth or singe scale is
placed in advance of all the rest, and is situated im-

4

.
,

a

CONDYLURA. 113

ediately over the centre and behind the separation
of the third and fourth toes.

A very analagous arrangement may be observed
in the sole of the feet of the Syeopon Aupidegn of
Ord.

By comparing the Conpy.ura with the Scators,
we are led to several interesting observations. We
have seen that the Conpytura has a remarkable and
large external ear, though it is destitute of a pro-

- jecting auricle. The Scalops has neither auricle nor

meatus externus opening on the side of the head, as
the skin of the head extends over the cartilaginous
tube, which is small, and asimple funnel. The situa-
tion of the ear is to be discovered externally only by
a very small spot, not larger than the circumference
of an ordinary pin head. ,

The hand of the Scalops is peculiar for its great
breadth and strength: the extraordinary breadth is
produced by an additional metacarpal bone, inferior
or external to the thumb, articulated with the car-
pus, and having a tendon for moving it from the
common flexor of the fingers.* On the superior or
ulnar edge of the hand there is a cartilaginous addi-
tament, connected with the little finger by a tendon.
The Conpy.ura has the additional metacarpal bone,
but rather like a rudiment, and has not the cartila-
ginous additament at the superior edge of the hand;
hence the very great difference in breadth in the

» * This structure resembles that of the Tarra europea, but

as that species dees not exist in this country, I have not been
able to obtain a recent specimen for comparison.
VOL. V.—SEPTEMBER, 1825) : 15

114 CONDYLURA.

hands of the two genera. The Scalops has a slight.
process or elongation, not at the carpal extremity of
the palm, but on the inferior or outer edge of the
supplementary bone.

If we compare the Scalops and Conpyiura with
the description of TaLpa europea, the resemblance
will be found greater between the Conpytura and
Tapa in regard to the ears and eyes. If we com-
pare the hands and nose we shall find that the Sea-

lops approximates more closely to the European ge- °

nus; nevertheless, the aflinity of neither is so strong
as to endanger their being confounded with Tapa,
if we were to judge from external characters alone.*

Of the genus ConpyLura I believe after a patient
examination, and obtaining specimens from various
localities, that most probably there is no other spe-
cies in this country than the eristata.t The only
evidence of the existence of a longicaudata is that
given by Pennant, who describes it without refer-

* T am happy to state from actual and repeated observation,
that it is the Scators which in this country forms the ‘ mole-
hills,” similar to those thrown up by the Tatra europea. As
far as I can ascertain, no such circumstance has yet been re-
marked relative to the burrowing of the Conpytura. In a
forthcoming work on American Natural History, a full account
will be given of my observations on the habits of the feunents
and ConpyLura.

t A late number of the United States Utena Gazette con-
tained an annunciation of a newly discovered species of this
genus, by Dr. Harris, of Milton. From a description given by
-this gentleman in a letter to a distinguished naturalist of Phila-
delphia, we are satisfied that the supposed new animal is the
well known Conpytura cristata. ©

CONDYLURA, 115

ence to the nasal rays. It is on this indication that
Gmelin, Illiger, and Desmarest have allowed of the
species, the latter author with very strong doubts,
which Ranzani repeats. From Pennant’s figure I
feel convinced that his longicaudata was a stuffed
and dried specimen of the ConpyLura cristata, hav-
ing the nasal radii shrunk and distorted. A speci-
men in this condition’I have now in my possession,
and it might readily be taken for the /ongicaudata,
figured by Pennant.

_ The Connyuura cristata is subject at certain sea-
sons to a very remarkable enlargement of the tail,
varying from the smallest or most ordinary size to the
thickness of the little finger. This circumstance was
long since made known to many of his friends by Mr.
Titian Peale, who found one of the largest size: since
then I have found one, and examined several others,
and both Messrs. Say and Bonaparte confirm this
observation by other examinations: all the specimens
yet examined having the tail thus enlarged, were
males; and it is most probable that the enlargement
occurs only during the rutting season. Messrs. Say
and Peale both suggested to me a long time since,
that the differences heretofore serving for the estab-
lishment of the longicaudata as a distinct species,
were merely sexual. In all other respects the spe-
cies of ConpyLura found are inyariable in their ex-
ternal characters, if we except a single specimen ob-
tained by my friend, Titian Peale, which may prove
to be a new species, should he find other specimens
with the same character, for which purpose he defers
his observations. It is certainly an extremely de¢-

116 SALAMANDER.

sirable circumstance that we should rid the American
Fauna of a great number of merely nominal species,

which never had existence unless in the imagination

of their authors: to this end the labours of American

naturalists should be directed, as it is a gréat advance

towards true knowledge to disencumber ourselves of
error.

It is well known that the sjpien tation from which
Illiger named the genus, was an extravagant exag-
geration of Delafaille, who represented it in his
plate as having numerous knots or strangulations on °
the tail. Desmarest’s figure is also incorrect in re-
lation to the tail; he having figured it from a dried
specimen; in the recent state, the knotted appear-
ance is not distinguishable: he has also drawn it with
the palms turned nearly to the earth, instead of .
placing them with the thumbs to the ground and
the palms presenting backwards. In the recent En-
- glish translation of Baron Cuvier’s Régne Animal,
Desmarest’s figure is copied, but is rendered vastly
more incorrect and unnatural than it is in the original.

Description of a new species of SALAMANDER. By
Jacos Green. Read July 19, 1825,

SALAMANDRA.

S. tigrina. Cauda longiuscula: corpore, supra
nigricante cum maculis flavis, subtus cinereo et lu-
teolo.

1

ba | eo
SALAMANDER. 117

~~ Length eight inches: tail rather longer than the
body, tapering, compressed, and rounded at tip:
head large: snout obtuse: mouth large, extending
further to it than the eyes: lower jaw projecting
beyond the upper: eyes protuberant and remote:
iris beautifully coloured with gold and brown:
pupil circular and contracting horizontally, though
but little affected by the light: colour on the upper
parts and sides, blackish, with numerous large, ir-
regular spots of pale ochre, which are the largest on
the upper part of the tail: beneath cinereous, and _
very irregularly marked with patches of an ochrace-
ous colour, which are more numerous and less con-
fused along the sides: ‘hroat of a uniformly pale
ochre: under part of the tail without spots, and pre-
senting a remarkably granulated appearance: under
part of the legs and feet reddish; this, however, i is
not perhaps a permanent character: shin smooth,
and secretes but a very little of that glutinous fluid
so common in Salamanders; interior feet four-toed ;
posterior feet five-toed.

This animal was found near Moore’s town in New
Jersey. It has been kept alive for some time by Mr.
Titian Peale, to whose kindness I am indebted for
the use of it in this description.

The S. tigrina is so nearly allied to the S. sud-
violacea of the late Professor Barton, that after some
hesitation I have concluded to consider it a distinct

ies. The colour and markings are certainly very
different, and these, though they are very variable
in this tribe of animals, yet I think in this instance,

ou

118 * saurus.

they are sufficiently remarkable to constitute a dif-
ferent species, when taken in connexion with other
peculiarities. I have seen a number of the S. sub-
violacea, and they all corresponded in their markings
with the figure Professor Barton has given in the 6th
volume of the Transactions of the Amer. Philos. Soc.

The S. tigrina has also some resemblance to the
S. terrestris of Europe, which has been so much the
subject of fables ; it wants, however, the tubercles on
the skin.

Mr. Titian Peale has made a very accurate draw-
’ ing of the S. éigrina.

Description of a new species of the genus Saurus,

(Cuvier.) By C. A. Lesuzur. Read July 26,

1825.

Saurus.

S. minutus. Pl. v. Snout twice the length of the -

diameter of the eye, pointed: mouth deeply cleft:
head tolerably large, a little depressed above: (first
dorsal fin short and elevated, and placed rather pos-
terior of the ventrals: second dorsal with a single di-

vided ray, truncated above, supplying the plage of:

the small adipose fin and situated above the ante
portion of the anal: pectora/s rounded and sufficiently

long to reach the ventrals: anal elongated, narrow

i.

FRESH WATER AND LAND SHELLS. 119

and straight: ¢ail elongated and terminated by a
forked fin: scales on the body, head, and opercula,
corresponding to the size of the fish: opgamala mode-
rate: lateral line straight.

Length about two inches ; breadth, two lines.

P. 12. V.9. D. 10. 2dD.1. A.10. ©.12,

Isle of France.

Although the snout of this fish is rather longer
than that of the S. fasciatus, Risso, and OsmMErus
Saurus, (Lacep. page 235) and the second dorsal
fin is truncated, it nevertheless appears to me that
it appertains to the genus Saurus, Cuvier.

Descriptions of some new species of Fresu Waren
and Lanp Sueuts of the United States. By
Tuomas Say. Read May 3, 1825.

He rx.

H. fallax. Spire convex; volutions five, with
elevated lines forming grooves between them : labrunr
reflected, contracting the aperture, bidentate ; teeth
separated by a profound sinus; superior tooth in-
flected into the mouth; inferior tooth situated near
the base: labrum with a large, prominent, oblique,
lamelliform tooth, curying downwards so as nearly
to reach the termination of the labrum: wmbiliews
open, exhibiting the volutions.

ae

120 pRESH WA
Greatest transverse diameter ~, of an inch.
» This resembles the tridentata, Nob. but the upper
tooth of the labrum is much inflected, the spire is
more elevated, and the size is less considerable; in
the former character it coincides with H. inflecta,
Nob. but that shell has the umbilicus closed.
Presented to the Academy by Messrs. Hyde and
Mason, who found it in the vicinity of Philadelphia,
where they are not uncommon.
Since the above was written I have received a spe-
cimen from Mr. Stephen Elliott, of South Carolina,
fully equal in size to the tridentata.

2. H. egena. Shell convex, polished: whorls
five, not distinctly wrinkled, rounded: aperture ra-
ther narrow, transverse: /abrum simple, at its infe-
rior extremity terminating at the centre of the base
of the shell : wmbilicus none, but the umbilical region
deeply indented.

Breadth more than ;'; of an inch.

This shell was found by Mr. John S. Phillips, on

ye ey,
RE
TER AND LAND SHELLS.

the bank of the Delaware river, about ten miles from —

Philadelphia. It is much more elevated and not so
broad as the H. arborea, Nob. the aperture also is
of a different shape. It is much broader than the
H. chersina, Nob.

Buiimuvs,
B. multilineatus. Shell conic, not very obviously

wrinkled : whorls not very convex, yellowish-white,
with transverse entire reddish-brown lines ; a black-

=

FRESH wart AND LAND SHELLS. 121

ish subsutural revolving line : ¢, suture not deeply in-
dented, lineolar: apex blackish: umbilicus small,
surrounded by a broad blackish line : columella whit-
ish: labrum simple, blackish. _

Length less than 7, to of an inchs greatest breadth
jess than i, of an inch.

This species was Pana by Mr. Titian Peale oe

the mpi Pat of East Florida.

Pura, #

P. fallax. Shell turreted, pale horn colour;
wrinkles rather obtuse, hardly prominent: suture
rather deeply impressed: volutions nearly seven, a
little convex: apex somewhat obtuse: aperture un-
armed, suboval, truncated above by the penultimate

whorl, less than 3 the whole length of the shell: al

bium nearly transverse, colour of the exterior par
of the shell : columella reflected, rectilinear, longitu-
dinal, forming an obvious though a rounded angle,
with the labrum and labium: /abrum hardly reflect-
ed: umbilicus narrow.

Length more than ;3, of an inch,

For this species I am indebted to Dr. T. W. Har-
ris of Milton, Massachusetts.

It closely resembles P. marginata, Nob. but is
much larger, and the labrum is not widely reflected;
when viewed in front it has a reflected appearance,
but the opposite view — only a very limited
excurvature. ie is

VOL, V.—SEPTEMBER, 1825. 16 ‘

* ‘ : : uaa
7 sill ‘os

Se i

re Pines ~ ACHATINA.

id — Ae pas }
A. solida. Shell conic, rather elongated, nearly

, smooth, or with distant wrinkles, polished, yellowish,

paler towards the apex, which 1 is white, rather pon-
derous : whorls about seven ; spire prominent : mouth
rather small: /abrum on its imner r submargin thick-
ened: columella hardly truncates 1, W
prevent ridge on the inner side near: the base.

Length 2} inches. |

This species was found by Mr. Titian Peale in
the southern part of East Florida, where he also ob-

tained the A. flammigera, Ferruss. and vewillum,

Humph. or their analogues, in plenty. - In outline
it bears some resemblance to Lister’s figure 9 of plate
14, but is much smaller. It appears to be rare, but

one, ‘specimen having been brought home by My
‘Peale. Rs

‘

LYMNEUS. |
i L. modicellus. Shell blackish, not. elongated :
whorls rather more than four, convex suture deeply
impressed: apex acute: aperture very regular, the
labium and labrum being subequally ‘attain the

fold of the columella rather slight.

_ Total wast sg of an inch; breadth $3 slehiea of.

the apertu
Smaller ie any of the species I have hitherto
described. Tggvas found by Dr. M‘Euen at Owego,

¥

FRESH WATER AND LAND SHELLS. 123

on the Susquehanna river near ‘the state of New
York.

2. L. obrussus. Shell oblong, rather slender,
pale yellowish testaceous: whorls five, slightly
rounded: apex acute: suture deeply impressed:
aperture not dilated, within pure white: columella
with the sinus of the fold very obvious.

Lister, pl. 14, fig. 8.?

Total length 2 3 Of an inch ; oS Bs breadth
nearly 4.

All the individuals that have pechiied were cov-
ered with an earthy slime. “They inhabit a small
rivulet below the fish-ponds at Harrowgate, the seat
of my friend Mr. J. Gilliams.

pee

3. L. pinguis. Shell oval, rather ventricose,

pale dirty yellowish : whorls nearly four, rapidly di-

minishing to the apex, which is dull fulvous: su¢ure
moderate : spire rather more than half the length of
the aperture : aperture lange : labrum with the inner
submargin a little thickened. *

Total length 3} of an inch; aperture rather more
than 53 breadth 7 me

Proportionally shorter and much more dilated than
other species of the country, with the exception of
L. macrostomos, Nob. from which it is readily dis-
tinguished. It inhabits the Delaware and Schuylkill
rivers near Philadelphia, in company “ab +s cote
copium, Nob. % a

4, L. galbanus. Shell subovate: whorls nearly
five, very convex: suture very deeply impressed :

yet
o. ¥
ah ™

ier ye
124 PRESH WATER AND LAND SHELLS.

apex acute: body whorl a little flattened in the mid-
dle: aperture not dilated : columella with the sinus
of the fold very obvious. :

Length ,% of an inch; aperture rather more than.
half the whole length.

For this shell I am indebted to Mr. Nuttall, who
obtained it in a marl pit near Franklin, New Jer-
sey. He considers it fossil, as well as numerous spe-
cimens of PLANoRBIS campanulatus, VALVATA tri-
earinata, and Puysa heterostropha, found with it.
Ihave never seen a recent specimen, but the present
_ corresponds with some individuals belonging to the
- Philadelphia Museum, also said to be fossil.

Puysa.

P. ancillaria. Shell heterostrophe, subglobose, -
pale yellowish: whorls rather more than four, very
rapidly attenuated : spire truncated, hardly elevated
beyond the general curve of the surface: suture not
impressed : aperture but little shorter than the shell,
dilated : dabrum a little thickened on the inner mar-
gin,

Length more than ; an inch.

The spire of this species is unusually short, trun-
cated at tip like the PaLupina decisa, Nob.; and the
suture is So inconspicuous as to give rise to the name -
which I have chosen for it. My brother, B.: Say,
obtained it in the Delaware river near Easton, and
Mr. Jessup a numerous specimens in the Con-
necticut river, above Hartford. It may be distin-

FRESH WATER AND LAND SHELLS. 125

guished from P. heterostropha, Nob. by the shorter
and truncated spire, inconspicuous suture, as well as
by the more obtusely rounded junction of the labrum
with the base, and by the general form.

CycLosToMa.

©. dentata. Shell conic, cylindsie, truncate at
tip: whorls three or four, slightly convex, cancellate
with fine, regular, subequal, longitudinal, and trans-
verse elevated lines; superior edge fimbriated with
prominences extending over the suture ; one or more F
rufous revolving lines, sometimes obsolete: labrum
somewhat reflected, white : wnbilicus distinct.

Length less than } an inch. |

For this species we are indebted to the researches
of Mr. T. Peale in Florida. It is the only true spe-
cies of CycLosToMA yet found within the limits of
the Union. This species is probably somewhat like
the Turso crénatus, Linn. but that shell i is not said
to be truncated at tip, and has a keeled base.

PALupINa.

P. subglobosa. Shell subglobose: whorls thrée
and a half, much rounded, rapidly enlarging : suture
profoundly impressed : aperture subovate : umbilicus
very narrow, nearly closed by the labrum Spire very
short, convex. | -

Inhabits the pe Sah de Territor

Length less than =, of an inch.

’ Pukey
126° Hipoe WATER AND LAND SHELLS.

I obtained this shell when traversing the north-

a ra part of the Union. _ It is much larger than

ata, Nob. which it resembles considerably,

but its whorls are much more agpidly enlarged, and
the umbilicus is much narrower.

-MELANIA,
eed, M. simplex. Shell conic, blackish, sata ra-
nie idl attenuated n acute apex: suture not deeply
im yressed : volutions about. eight, but little rounded :
‘ oe aperture longitudinal ; within dull reddish : labrum
_ ~~ with the edge not, undulated, or but very slightly
~ and obtusely so near the superior termination.

Length § of an inch; greatest breadth ;,.

_ For this species we are indebted to —
eka who presented several specimens to th
Academy. He. informs me that he obtained thei
in Virginia, in a stream running from Abingdon to
the Salt Works, and from the stream on which Gen-
eral Preston’ s grist- -mill is situated, near the Salt
works, as well as in a, brook running through the
salt water valley, and discharging into the Holstein
spi Near.the’ summit the whorls are marked #3

vated line near their bases.
a I nnot be mistaken for the conica, Nob. for in
hk, the aperture is obviously oblique.

a = Be ene. Shell conic, rather. slender,’
black, gra ally aytenuated to the truncated apex:
suture moderately impressed : aperture longitudinal,
within milk w : labrum with the edge not undu-

ig

FRESH WATER AND LAND SHELLS. 497

lated, or but very slightly, and ge age so near the
superior termination.
Length to the truncated Pe nearly ; greatest
breadth less than + of an inch. |
Professor Vanuxem obtained this species in a small
brook which discharges into the Catawba river, near
Landsford, Chester district, South Carolina, and also. *
in the warm springs, Buncombe county, North Caro- ;
lina, and in the French Broad river, of the same_ i
county. It resembles the preceding very” closely, .
but is decidedly more slender, and like that shell it
has two elevated lines on the inferior margin. of the...
* terminal whorls. The interior of the aperture in
many specimens is of a dull reddish colour, and in
sonie the same part exhibits the appearance of two .
or three obsolete bands. Another variety, which Mr. 2
Vanuxem obtained from a limestone spring near
road river, Spartanburg district, ‘South Carolina,
is of a pale horn colour. In astream of the Saluda
range of mountains near Mill Gap, in Rutherford, -
county, he found another variety of @ somewhat
smaller size, tinged with reddish-brown, and gene-
rally distinctly banded within the aperture; one of
these. specimens is very remarkably truncated, pre-
senting only about one whorl and a quarter. The
_same variety also inhabits a brook near the Table
rock. A variety which seems to differ from the lat- :
ter only in size, was found by Mr. Vanuxem ae
Douthard’s gap, of the Saluda mountains 5 the largest
specimen he sent from that locality is only about 3 _
of an inch long. _ iis rit

wei
saa

si.
we Py x
3 ,
re

128 ie PRESH WATER AND LAND SHELLS.

Bo we subglobosa. . Shell subglobose, brownish
horn colour : spire but little elevated, not half the -
length of the aperture: volutions about four : aper-
ture rounded, nearly as broad as long ; within more
or less ieee with dull.red : labium a little flattened.

Length ~ of an inch; greatest breadth 34 of an

inch.

Professor Vanuxem found this curious shell in the =

north fork of the Holstein river, Virginia, where

_ they are extremely abundant.. In the old shells the
surface, and particularly that of the spire, is consid-
erably corroded, presenting the appearance of hay-
ing received a fortuitous deposition of calcareous mat-

_ ter. This corrosion, however, does not extend to

the destruction of any of the whorls, as is the case
with many shells, but its effects seem to be confined
‘to the exterior. It is a second species of my Pry:
posed genus ANcuLorus.

All the strie of the operculum are’ cabiceetee oe
, the geperior angle.”

a
Prirena,

i of sealariformis. Shell turreted, oneckadle ta-
pering to the apex, which is acute: whorls rounded,
_ crossed by numerous elevated, regular lines, which,
on the body whorl, are terminated near the base by
‘five or six more or less profound revolving grooves ;
suture p ety deeply impressed, with generally one
of the grooves above it, so as to appear double: co-
Jour pale, with several revolving reddish-brown lines;

Me )

129 2

FRESH WATER AND LAND SHELLS. “ue

aperture rounded : labrum thickened, somerhat re-
curved ; a slight but very obvious sinus at base, and
another very slight, more obtuse one near the junc-
tion with the preceding whorl : umbilicus none.

Length .°, of an inch.

Mr. Titian Peale found this handsome and curious
shell in great abundance in the fresh water lakes of
the Florida Keys. It is most certainly a fresh wate
shell, yet it is destitute of an epidermis. The la~
brum thickens with age ; the operculum is orbicular, "ae
and so small as to admit of the animal retiring one
half the length of the shell. It differs from MELA- ie
wiA, MeLAnopsis, and Prrena, in the rotundity of a ae
the aperture, the thickened labrum, and comparative 7
smallness of the operculum.

The tentacula of the animal are two in number,
and the eyes are placed a little above their exterior
base.

'. Fusus. dis

F. flwvialis. Shell fusiform, olive-green or brown-
ish: spire much elevated, gradually tapering: volu-
tions nearly six, wrinkled across, and with a series
of elevated undulations on the middle: suture con-
sisting only of an impressed line : aperture somewhat
fusiform ; within whitish, more or less with dull red-
dish, and with several lines of that colour, sometimes
confluent: /abrum on the inner margin immaculate,
edge undulated : canal rounded at tip: columella very
concave. eB

VOL. V.—NOVEMEER, 1825. 17

ie:

1430 FRESH WATER AND LAND SHELLS.

Length 1% inches; aperture 3% of an inchs
greatest breadth 35 of an inch.
Professor Vanuxem found this curious and highl
interesting shell on the north fork of the Holstein
river, near the confluence of a brook of salt water.
From the name of the genus it might reasonably be
supposed to be a marine shell, but it has never been
discovered on the coast, and seems to be limite toa

very small district of the Holstein river, in company

with Unto cariosus, subtentus, nobis, MELANIA sub-
globosa, nobis, and no doubt other fluyiatile shells.
When the infiaBitant becomes known it may authorize

the formation of a new genus, but there appears no

characters in the conformation of the shell that would
readily distinguish it from Fusus.

Unto.

U. subtentus. Oblong-oval, subcompressed, slight
ly contracted at the middle of the base, dull yellow-
ish brown: beaks not prominent, decorticated ; dor-

sal edge regularly arcuated, without any appearance
of an angle ; anterior margin with numerous slightly
reflected ribs. fig uh

Breadth 3 + inches; length more. than 1 3 inches.

This species was found by Professor Vanuxem in
the north fork of the Holstein river, in company with
U. cariosus, nobis, Menania subglobosa, nobis, and
Fusus fluvialis, nobis.

In consequence of the ribbed appearance of the
anterior margin of the shell, it has much similarity

FRESH WATER AND LAND SHELLS. | 13]

to an ALAsmMopON, but the lamelliform teeth. are
prominent and distinct.

~ALASMODONTA.

A. ambigua. Shell transversely oblong- -oval 3
somewhat inflated, rather thin, dusky, wrinkled; _
anterior and posterior margins almost equally round-
éd: hinge margin parallel with the base ; basal mar- _
gin a little compressed in the middle: beaks not
prominent, approximate, their surface slightly undu-
lated ; a very obtuse, hardly elevated undulation
extends from the beaks to the junction of the basal
and anterior margins: Aing'e with very small, obso-
lete primary teeth: within somewhat iridescent ;
posterior and basal portion milk-white ; hinge cavity
brownish.

Breadth 1 ¢ inches; length } nearly.

This is one of the many fine shells which I obtain-
ed in the north-western territory, when travelling
with major Long’s party. Tt forms a link between
the genera AvasmoponTa and ANoponta. When
young the primary teeth are obvious, but when the
shell arrives at the full growth the teeth are obsolete,
and in some instances, not at all visible.

132 CRUCIFERE.

aan

Deseri tion of two new genera of the natural order
Crucirerx. By Tuomas Nutrau. Read Octo-
ber 4, 1825.

@

*SELENIA.F

_ Calyx basi equalis coloratus patens: si/icula magna
polysperma elliptica compresso-plana marginata sub-
‘sessilis, valvulis dissepimento minoribus parallelis :
glandule decem per paria intra calycis foliola et
solitarie emarginate inter stamina breviora et pis-
tillum. ,

Herbacea annua, caule angulato triquetro, foliis
pinnatifidis, flores aurei axillares: Brassice habitus
sed. fructus Lunarie. A :

SELENIA, aurea.

Description. Root fibrous, annual: stem sim-
ply subdivided from the base, acutely triquetrous!
glabrous, 4 to 6 inches high, nearly erect: leaves
smooth, and somewhat succulent; the radical and
lower ones subbipinnatifid, sessile, 2 to 4 inches long,
primary segments partly runcinate, acute, ultimate
segments or denticulations inclined upwards : pedun-
eles axillary, angular, 1 to 14 inches long, sometimes
commencing nearly from the root: flowers fragrant :
calyx’ yellow, spreading, the leaves oblong-ovate,
and concave, about the length of the claws of the

Tt From ¢ana, the: moon, in allusion to its apparent affinity ‘to
Lunaria,

*

CRUCIFERE. 133

petals: petals bright golden yellow, cuneate-oblong;
elaws connivent, erect, lamine spreading: glands
10! 8 disposed by pairs at the base of each of the
calyx leaves, and 2 emarginate glands, or rather 4?
adnate by pairs within the base of the shorter stamina:
style conspicuous, ensiform ; stigma small and entire;
the valves of the germ convex: capsule elliptic, or
oblong-elliptic, flatly. compressed, subsessile, sur-
rounded by a thickish margin confluent in the ter-
minating énsiform style, valves parallel with, and
narrower than the dissepiment, flat and membrana-
ceous: seeds few, roundish-reniform, flat and mar-

ginated as in Lunarta. The cotyledones are also

similar to those of that genus.

Hapirat. Near the banks of Arkansa, in de-
pressions, on the margins of hilly rivulets from Point
Pleasant to the garrison at Belle Point near the Pot-
toe river. The flowering time from March to the
close of April.

OxsservATion. The spreading coloured calyx,
equal at the base as in SisymBrium, the equal dis-
position of the numerous small glands of the recepta-
cle, with the sessile position of the capsule, and the
unequal relative dimensions of the valves and disse-
piment, to say nothing of the remarkable habit, at
once distinguish this curious plant from Lunaria;
and in most of the particulars, as well as in other
characters, unnecessary to be adduced, it is alike
separated from Ricotia. Indeed, its proximate afli-
nity, notwithstanding the singular disparity of the
fruit, appears to be to Sisymprium. The plant is

134 CRUCIFERE:

very desirable for cultivation, both for the bright
colour of its flowers ‘and their delicate fragrance.
The seeds, of which I obtained abundance, lost their
vegetative power in consequence of the undue mois-
ture to which they were unfortunately subjected on
my voyage from New Orleans to Philadelphia.

Plate VI. The figure taken from a moderate sized dried speci-
men. a. The flower and calyx of the size of nature.
6. The capsule, and c. the seed of the same magnitude.

*STREPTANTHUS.}

Calyx erectus coloratus: petala dilatata, ungui-
bus canaliculata tortuosa: glandule nulle: stamina
filamentis subulatis basi incrassatis: siligua longis-
sima angulata. compressa: semina“uniseriata =
marginata: cotyledones aceumbentes.

Herba annua, foliis integerrimis ; flores purpurei

siliqua longissima-ancipito-tetrahedra, stricta.

STREPTANTHUS, maculatus.

Description. Annual. The whole herb glau-
cous: stem erect, simple or branched above, terete
and very smooth, one to two feet high: eaves am-
plexicaule, cordate-ovate, acute, entire and smooth:
flowers.in a terminal corymbose raceme: calyx erect,
oblong-ovate and coloured, its leaves about the
length of the claws of the petals: petals having the

} From epee, to ttirn oF twist, and arb a flower, in allusion
to the singular character of the contorted petals.

HS og

+

CRUCIFERE. 135

claws channelled and tortuous, the border rather
large, oboval, dilated and purple, the base of each
marked by a deep velvet-like blotch: stamina,
filaments subulate, with the base dilated; anthers
linear subsagittate: glands none: style scarcely any ;
the stigma emarginate and sub-bilamellate: siligue 4
or 5 inches long, erect, shortly pedicellate, linear,
compressed, angular, and somewhat tetrahedral: seeds
oblong and flat, with a membranaceous margin.

Hasirar. Amongst rocks, and on shelving hills,
near the banks of the Kiamesha of Red River in Ar-
kansa territory. Flowering in May.

Osservation. This very showy and remarkable
plant, bears no inconsiderable affinity to the genus
Turritis and Arasis.. The peculiar character of.
the corolla, however, will distinguish it from both.
The silique is nearly that of Turritis, but the seeds
are disposed in a single series and marginated as in
CHEIRANTHUS.

Plate VII. a. A lateral branch of the natural. sii’ drampiicom a
dried specimen. .'The silique. c.A petal. d. The seed.

Note by J. D. Govman, M. D. read August 9, 1825.

In my note on the genus Conpytura recently published, itis
stated that the Scazops has the integuments continued over the
¢artilaginous tube leading to the internal ear. I lately had an
opportunity of examining several fine specimens, and have found
the very small meatus auditorius externus, which will admit a
body of the size of a common pin. It is by no means easily
discovered, and is situated about three-fourths of an inch behind
the eye, nearly over the anterior part of the shoulder joint.

136 SALAMANDRA.

Description of a new species of SALAMANDRA. By
R. Harvan, M.D. Read June 21, 1825...)

SALAMANDRA, picta.

Body blackish or dark slate colour above, yeww:
ish or light orange colour beneath; skin beneath the
neck folded; head large; legs strong; tail compressed
at its inferior portion nearly the length of the body.
, Dimensions. Total length nearly 4 inches; body
rather more than 2 inches; ¢ai/ less than 2 inches 3
length of the head ~%,; breadth 3 length of the
hind legs .6,3 of the fore legs =4,.

» Description. Head large, rather flat: adh
broad, slightly protuberant: szout obtuse, rounded
anteriorly: rietus of the mouth wide, extending poste-
riorly to the eyes; anterior borders of the lips slightly
undulating: skin of the throat folded, so as to form
a collar nearly surrounding the neck: body above
blackish; a longitudinal furrow extending from the
occiput along the back to the base of the tail; infe-
r portion of the body obsoletely punctured with
dark spots, more visible on the sides: Jegs short,
strong and thick, externally of the colour of the back}
internally of the colour, of the belly: ¢ai/ sub-quad*
rangular for the first two-thirds; the remainder or -
inferior portion abruptly compressed, pointed, with
the superior and inferior borders carinate.

The above description i is from several specimens,
of different ages, taken in the vicinity of Philadelphia.
In the cabinet of Mr. W. Hyde, I have observed a
specimen much larger than the present.

Inhabit shallow brooks in the vicinity of this city,

ay

SOUTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 137

Notes to the paper entitled Descriptions of ten spe-
cies of South American Birvs. By Cuarves
Bonaparte. Read July 12, 1825.

2. Picus rubricollis.

I have recently obtained the true Picus rubricollis
of authors; it corresponds exactly in size, which in
both living birds must have been more considerable
than has been stated from the dried skin ; it also cor-
responds in every other respect, even in the most
minute markings, with the exception of the follow-
ing characters. 1st, All the superior parts of. the
body are brownish-black. 2d, The whole inferior
surface, thighs and’ under wing-coverts, are ‘plain
rufous cream colour; the quill feathers are entirely
of the same rufous cream on their inner webs to with-
inan inch and a half of their tips. Thus in the species
the rufous cream colour occupies all the space which’
in the variety is marked by’spots. Is the latter a
species or a difference dependent on age or sex? Its
general habit inclines me to suppose the latter; but
which is the perfect bird?

10. Rauuus nigricans. —

The examination of specimens received at the
same time with the above, has convinced us that the
bird we described ‘under this name is not the Ypa-
caha obscuro, of @Azara, but that it is his Ypacaha
chiricote aplonado which Vieillot has vaguely refer-

VOL. V.— NOVEMBER, 1825. 13

138 SOUTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

red, asa variety of age or sex, to his RALiws chiri-
cote, a species which, like the former, he established
on the Vpacaha chiricote of d’Azara, without hav-
ing seen it. Having also had the good fortune to -
receive a fine specimen of the latter, we think it
may be acceptable to ornithologists, to have these
two birds placed in a clearer point of view than they
are at present; at the same time that we correct a
mistake into which we have been led by the desire
to avoid multiplying species, when not justified dy
comparison. ‘They both belong to the subgenus
Rallus, and are so perfectly similar in form, i in par-
tial and total dimensions, and inthe greater portion
of their markings, that with Sonnini and Vieillot we
should consider them as different ages or sexes of the
same species, but for the remarkable difference in
the shape of the bill, and was it not that no example
is known to exist-in the genus of so wide an. aberra-
tion from the ordinary plumage.

oa mbeh” 5
Ae Rauuus chiricote, Vicillots

Capite colloque plumbeis; dorso, alisque brunneo-
olivaceis; remigibus rufescentibus ; tectricibus alarum
inferioribus rufis nigro-fasciatis ; pectore, abdomine-
que pallide! mufis ; uropygio, crisso, cauda,. femori-
busque nigris.

Length 14 inches; bill 2; inches long, and 3 $ of an
inch in width at base, tapering rapidly, boing gan
inch at the anterior tip of the nostrils; its general
shape evidently approaching the subgenus Cre,
(which is considered by Latham, 'Temminck; ‘and

SOUTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 139

others, as i to GALLINULA 3) it is of a deli-
~ cate pale green colour, and at base it is wrinkled and
yellow : feet pale (reddish?) naked space above the
heel, one inch ; tarsus nearly three inches long ; toes
as in the other species; whole head and neck dark
bluish-slate, darker and inclining to brownish on the
top of the head : throat whitish : cheeks and neck be-
neath light slate: back, seapulars, and upper wing-
coverts olive-brown, inclining more to greenish on
the back: shoulder margins, exterior wing-coverts,
spurious wing and primaries dark rufous ; the latter
slightly dusky at tip : secondaries dark brown, slight-
ly tinged with greenish : inferior wing-coverts bright
chesnut, banded with black : breast, belly, and flanks
light rufous-buff, separated by a well defined line
from the plumbeous colour of the neck; the whole
plumage at base plumbeous; lower part of the back,
rump, vent, upper and lower tail-coverts, and tail,
black: thighs dark plumbeous.

The specific ‘name of this Rail is drawn from the
sound of its voice, which is said to resemble that of
the syllables Chiricote. . It enters pretty deeply into

woods, and alights at night, and sometimes even
in the day, on the small and densely vestured trees.

Ranivs melanurus, Nob.
Fusco-ardosiaceus; collo supra brunneo; dorso,
alisque brunneo-olivaceis; remigibus rufescentibus ;
tectricibus alarum inferioribus rufis nigro-fasciatis ;
uropygio, crisso, caudaque nigris.

140 SOUTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

For a minute description we refer to our supposed
Rauuus nigricans, Vieill. (Vol. iv. p. 386) where
it will be obvious that the two descriptions differ
little else than in the following characters, towhich
we also add such other traits as may be interesting:
The size and proportions of the birds, with the ex-
ception of the bills, are nearly the same. The slight
difference observable in the description i is owing to
the inequality of dried skins; but the bill of R.’me-
lanurus is considerably narrower, being but little
more than 3 an inch high at base, and 3 at the an-
terior tip of the nostrils it is thus more equal through-
out, and of course is more decidedly that of a true
Rail. Its colour appears to have been more delicate,
the feet of a darker red, if we may judge from the
dried specimens; thé brownish tinge of the upper
part of the neck, (totally wanting in the Chiricote)
the more obvious tinge of brownish on the commence-
ment of the olive-brown of the back, and principally
the slate colour of the inferior parts, (which are
bright yellowish-rufous in the other) will at once dis-
tinguish our R. melanurus. The other differences
which are expressed in the descriptions by using dif-
ferent but nearly synonymous words, are so inconsid-
erable that’ they cannot be relied upon, being un-
doubtedly more remarkable in different specimens of
each species. Thus the quill feathers are consid-
erably brighter and more rufous in Chiricote, &c.;
the shoulder and outer wing-coverts are not of that
colour in melanurus, but are pretty much of’ the
olive-brown colour, &e. i :

& ASTERIAS. 141

On the species of the Linnwan genus ASTERIAS, in-
habiting the coast of the United States. By
Tuomas Say. Read November 1, 1825.

Astrerias, Linn. Lam.

1. A. articulata. Disk moderate, granulated 5
margin of the rays articulated, ciliate. »

Inhabits the coast of Georgia and East Florida.

Disk rather small, covered with close set, small
rounded granulations, which conceal rounded tuber-
eles, on which they are placed, and are continuous
to near the extremity of the rays: rays five, depressed,
nearly flat above ; margin articulated throughout, the
articulations depressed, witha single series of com-
pressed, somewhat truncated spines on the side, two
on each articulation, in length about equal to two of
the articulations ; on the superior surface of the ar-
ticulations, is a series of small tubercles, one on each,
extending from near the tip of the ray to the middle ;
beneath articulated, and armed with cuales short,
slender spines. «gj: i

This species is closely allied to the A. aranciaca,
with which it has probably been considered identical.
But there are several invariable characters which
readily distinguish it from that species, and not the
least important of these is that of the lateral spines
being placed in a single series, two to each articula- _
tion; the granulations also of the disk are in no in-
stance ascicular, but are always spherical,

4
142 ASTERIAS.

It is very common on the coast of East Florida,
and on the gea islands of Georgia. jade

3." as elathrdta.” Disk rath’ small, granulated ;
surface tesselated.

Inhabits the. coast of Georgia and East Florida.

The whole surface is covered by minute granula-
tions, divided into small groups, which are rounded
on the disks, and quadrate on the margins, where the
division is effected by longitudinal and transverse,

_ continuous impressed lines: rays five, semicylindrical,
or a little depressed, terminating in a glabrous tu-
bercle, which is not reflected, and dilated each side
with very short spines; beneath, divided throughout
by narrow, transverse articulations, by means of im-
pressed lines, and armed with numerous Baie broad
and compressed. spines...

Very distinct from the preceding species, and
attaining toa somewhat larger size. It seems to be
allied to the A. devigata, an inhabitant of the Indian
oceap. It is very common on our southern coast.

het Ass spinosus, Linck. This species is very
abundant. on our coast, from Maine.to East Florida
inclusive. The generic name Sis Movie by Linck
is PENTADACTYLOSASTER ; his specific name was
changed b marck to that of echinophora, but
there can be no doubt respecting priority in this ease.
The largest specimen I have seen belongs to the col- —
lection of the Academy; it is about nine inches and
three-fourths. in diameter; but on the shores of the
Southern States, they are often 6, 64, and even 7

ASTERIAS. 143

inches in diameter.. 1 was not aware that it was
found so far North as Maine, until a recent letter, with
an accompanying specimen, from Mr. D. H. Storer,
informed me that they are found at Cape Elizabeth,
clinging to the rocks, several feet below low-water-
mark, and that in fact, they may be found on almost
any rocky shore in that region. The figures in the
Ency. Meth. to which Lamarck refers, are so very
unlike this species, that if they should prove to be
accurate representations of the spinosus, the species
here alluded to must be entirely distinct. .

4. A. sentus. Disk $m hein spiny, not obviously
reticulated.

‘Tnhabits the coast of Florida.

Rays cylindrical, very slightly aapotiagg of mode-
rate length; surface covered with a. blackish viola-
ceous epidermis, destitute of pores, and with numerous
conic acute spines, which may be traced into about
10 or 11 longitudinal rows, two or four of which are
beneath; beneath paler; grooves very slender.

Komal 41 inches...

This species was brought from oe West by Mr.
T. Peale, who found them abundant there.

Lieutenant Gandtt of the Navy, has since pre-
sented two. specimens to, the Academy ,

by A. vestitas Disk ‘broad 5 pietieer vatieile
covered by cylindrical ee ; margin anti pe
lated ; rays depressed. =

‘The whole superior suface is sieoWordd by oylindri-
cal prominences, which are placed near each other,

144 ASTERIAS.

truncated at their summits, and each summit crowned
by from ten to eighteen small, equal, cylindrical
fimbrie ; wart-like tubercle large, radiated, very
conspicuous: margin articulated; each articulation
. with about four, very much compressed, subquadrate,
truncated spines or moveable processes, which are
vertically adpressed to the surface of the segment,
and are imbricated with respect to each other.
Diameter 1 foot 2 inches.
The fine specimen from which this description was
made, was found at Cape May by Mr. J. Robbins,
and by him presented to the Philadelphia Museum.
Allied to A. aranciaca, Linn. but distinct by many
characters, and particularly by the form and number
‘of the lateral spines. It is very rare on this, sonst.

6. A. alternata. Disk rather small ; diistlare re-
ticulated, and covered by small columns, supporting
fimbrie, of which the central one is largest.”

Inhabits the coast of Florida. *

Rays very distinctly reticulated, the sdeiitte
open; but the. network is concealed by a series of
short, trochleariformcolumns, which, on their summit,
support numerous small radiating cylinders, of which
the central one is usually larger, and often much
more promt t than the others; wart-like tubercle
not visible ; lateral spines oblong, conic, acute, placed
in two SENS. with. many smaller ones beneath. them ;
all the surface beneath spiny ; colour above purplish ;
the rays with irregular yellowish bands, ‘beneath
entirely yellowish.“

Diameter about 8 inches.

_ASTERIAS. 145

The columns of the surface are narrower in the
middle than at either extremity, and many of the
crowning radii of those columns have the central one
‘much larger, so as to give the surface an appearance
of irregularity. The species has a flaccid appearance,
and is readily broken, But.a single specimen was
brought by Mr. Peale from the Florida Keys.*

Oprnurura, Lam.

1. O. angulata. Disk orbicular, slightly pen-
tagonal, spinous ; rays five, with numerous echinated
spines, which are almost twice as long as the trans-
verse diameter of the ray.

Inhabits Charleston harbour.

The edge of the disk is more prominent ned agus
what lobed between the rays3 the surface of the disk
is radiated with ten spiny lines, of which five are
dilated, and the remainder very narrow; the spines
are very small in proportion to those of the rays, and
bifid or trifid at tip, and are supported by small, —
hardly raised granulations: rays of moderate length,
above depressed ; segments angular at their tips, and
each SERPOSHPE on each side a transverse series of
"* A, icteenlie Lam. As the native coe + of oe ee
species was unknown to Lamarck, I may avail myself of
opportunity to state that a fine specimen was presented to! e
Academy by Mr. Wm. W. Drinker, which was found near Guasco,
on the coast of Chili, by Mr. Samuel Archer, jr. Another indi-
vidual, taken at the same locality, is in the possession of Mr.
Charles Bispham. ;

VOL. V.—NOVEMBER, 1825. 19

* ey
Pa) or 3
oo

@

7

146 ASTERIAS.

seven echinated, unequal, cylindrical spines, of which
the two or three inferior ones are short and imperfect;
beneath, segments emarginate at tip : colour purplish.
This species is rather small, the largest specimen
I have observed being not more than one inch and a
quarter in diameter. It is not uncommon on the
Gorgonia, at Sullivan’s Island. The angulated form

of the segment plates, is. similar to that of ‘the 0.
ciliaris, Linn.

2, O. elongata. Disk pentagonal, minutely squa-
mose 3 rays much sonsste, slender, with short,
muti¢c spines.

Inhabits Charleston harbour.

The scales of the disk are imbricated, and at each
angle of this part are two abbreviated, somewhat di-
_ lated lines; the rays are very long and ‘slender, with
short segments, which are transversely oval above,
and quadrate beneath, armed each side by a trans- ~
verse series of three spines, the length of which are
hardly more than equal to half the width of the seg-
ment; the intermediate spine is more obtuse than the
others, and is minutely echinated. -

This species inhabits Gorgoniz with the papi
Its diameter is upwards of six, inches, whilst. that of
the: disk is about one fifth of an inch. It may
compared with the filiformis of Muller, and
longipeda and nereidina of Lamarck. From ysl
former it is distinguished by having a proportionally
smaller disk, destitute of those profound i incisures of
the edge so remarkable in that species, Its spines
are much shorter than those of the longipeda, and it

%

a

ASTERIAS. 147

is altogether destitute of dorsal grooves which dis-
tinguish the nereidina. .

“3. O. echinata Lam.? A specimen of OpHturA,
found at Cape” May, will possibly prove to be a
variety of this “eed it belongs to the Philad phia
Museum.

4, O. crassispina. Disk orbicular, minutely granu-
lated ; some of the Spines dilated.

Inhabits the coast of Florida.

Disk orbicular, destitute of spines, hardly percep-
tibly crenate on the edge, with very minute equal

spherical granulations over its whole surface, placed

at a little distance from each other on a level ground ;
no glabrous spaces : rays on the back with only a
single obvious series of plates, which are transversely
oval, not angulated; on the inferior part a series of
plates, on each side of the base of which are two
equal, very small, oval scales; the plates are hexagonal,
the three anterior sides are short, the lateral sides
are much longer and concave, to receive the side of
one of the lateral scales: spines unarmed, not longer
than the transverse diameter of the ray, placed ‘in
four series; superior series with the spines towards
the base of the ray, dilated, some being almost oval;
those towards the tip; and at the’ base of the ray,
simple; remaining series equal, simple: colour dar
purplish, more or less varied with yellowish on the
rays ; spines and beneath yellowish.

Diameter of the disk 3 of an inch.

“Length of the ray 3} inches.

®

148 ASTERIAS.

Mr. Titian Peale found several specimens on the
Florida Keys. I am also indebted to Mr. Peale for
the opportunity to examine and describe the six fol-
lowing species, all found by himself on the Florida
Keys.

5. O. reticulata. Disk pentagonal, very minutely
scaly ; rays yellowish, annulate with dusky.

Inhabits Coast of Florida. .

Disk pentagonal, the angles rounded, and sides
concave ; surface entirely covered with minute, im-
bricated scales, and entirely destitute of spines or
other elevations; of a yellowish colour, reticulated
with dusky or blackish: rays yellow, with distant,
narrow, blackish annulations ; back with a series of
transverse subquadrate plates, narrower at their tips,
and a series of smaller ones each side above the first
series of spines ; beneath, a series of quadrate plates,
with rounded angles, the terminal sides more or less
deeply emarginate; and a single series of obovate
Seales each side of the plates, and less than half the
size of the plates: spines placed in three series only,
nearly equal, and hardly longer than half the trans-
verse diameter of the wih

Diameter of the disk ,°, of an inch.

Length of a ray: Disat. 31 inches. .

Three individuals of this pretty species were ab:
tained. It resembles the species represented in the
Encyclopedie Methodique, -p\. 122. figs. 5,6, 7, 8,
to which Lamarck has given a name without having
seen the animal in nature.»

ASTERIAS. 149

6. O. bdrevispina. Rays cylindrical, subulate :

spines minute, adpressed: disk pentagonal.
“TInhabits the coast of Florida.

Disk pentagonal, the angles acutely emarginated
at the base of the rays; sides concavely arched 5 sur-
face with sand like granulations, without interval
between them: rays rather short, cylindrical, taper-
ing from the base to the tip: back with but a single
series of transversely oblong-quadrate plates, which
extend quite to the first series of spines; beneath
with a single series of rather small rounded plates,
which are a little narrower at base: spines seven on
the lateral edge of each segment, equal, shorter than
the segment and adpressed to it, so as. not to be ob-
vious : colour whitish, rays annulate with greenish.

Diameter of the disk nearly 3 of an inch.

Length of a ray about 1,5, inches.

Resembles the O. fexrturata Lam. of Europe, but.
the disk of that species is divided into. imbricated
plates of various figures, and the dorsal plates of the
rays are narrow. . The surface of the disk in our
species, resembles a stratum of extremely fine, sphe-
rical granules, laying in every position with esl
to each other, and i in contact.

7. O. paucispina. » Disk entiiouler, consisting of
small plates, surrounded: by still smaller ones: rays
with two series of very short spines. Ba

Inhabits the coast of Florida.

Disk nearly orbicular, very slightly pentagonal,
the superior edge not interrupted by the rays: sur-
face composed of many rounded, small plates, each

150 ASTERIAS.

slightly concave, and surrounded by a row’of small
scales: rays on the back with a series of triangular
plates, at the anterior angle, each side; is a very-small
triangular plate or scale; beneath with a series of
plates which are profoundly concave each side for
the reception of two small scales: spines remarkably
small, adpressed, less than one-third the length of the
segment, and consisting of but two series: colour -
whitish, rays annulate with dusky.
Diameter of the disk 4 of an inch. A01
A very pretty little species. . It resembles O. tea-
turata Lam. but has fewer ‘spines, and the divisions
of the surface of the disk are differently formed, more
rounded and..much more regular: the edge of the
surface of the disk in that species also is interrupted
by the rays... }

8. O. tsocantha. Disk adingolan granulated ;
spines less than half the length el the’ transverse
diameter of the ray.

Inhabits the coast of Florida! epee

Disk with the angles obtusely Huinieas surface
with numerous elevated tubercles or pines
which are not crowded ; edge not interrupted by the -
rays: rays on the back with a single series of trans-
‘versely oblong-oval plates; beneath with a series of
transversely, angularly oval plates, on each side of
which are-two very small spine like scales : spines
less than half the transverse diameter of the ray in
length, unarmed, ‘prominent, equal, placed in three
series: mouth very regular, stellate: ene ang
rays annulate with pect vie ppd als

ASTERIAS. 151

_ Diameter of the disk:less than } of an inch.

A single specimen only was taken by Mr. Peale.

The granulations of the disk resemble those of O.
erassispina, but they are somewhat larger in pro-

9510. flaccida. Disk membranaceous, with a
marginal series of scales.

Inhabits the coast of Florida.

Disk pentagonal 5 the curvature concave between
the rays; angles rounded ; surface membranaceous,
flaccid, and with a regular | series of imbricated, ra-
ther large, oval scales on the margin: rays on the
back with a single series of transverse, narrow plates,
having a longitudinal impressed line; beneath with a
series of angularly rounded plates, deeply emargina~
ted at their tips, and having a deep open puncture
each side, in which there is no appearance of a small,
scale: spines short conic, rounded and large at base,
acute at tip, and not longer than the segment, somewhat

-adpressed to the segment. and placed. in four series.

Diameter of the disk. about 4 or ¢ of an inch,

The disk i is remarkably membranaceous, so much
so that it requires care in handling the animal to
avoid tearing this part. This character, and that of
the series of imbricated scales or plates situated near

the superior enge-9 of the eine amply distinguish xs
species.

10. O. appressa. Disk orbicular, granulated:

spines of the rays 1 aegattcaaiiadad in about seven
series. BST ye

Inhabits the coast of Piaicene: x

152 ASTERIAS.

Disk orbicular; surface minutely and regularly —
granulated : rays on the back with a single series of
transversely, oblong subquadrate plates, their tips
parallel to their bases, and both rectilinear ; beneath
with a series of rounded subquadrate plates, entire at
their tips: spines hardly more than half the length
of the segment, and adpressed to it, sub-equal, the
one or two inferior ones rather largest, placed in from
six to nine series: colour dusky cinereous, with darker
annulations on the rays.

Diameter of the disk nearly 4 an inch. .

The granulations of the disk are equal, and placed
side by side, i in contact with each other. * '

* O. cirrosa. Disk small rays convex, much eeghta,
cirriform ; spines shorter than the diameter of the ray.

Inhabits the West Indies.

Disk small, deeply emarginated between the rays, surface
granulated, and with ten elevated rounded lines placed in pairs
and extending from the centre to the base of the rays: rays
slender, very much elongated, resembling tendrils, remarkably
attenuated towards the tip, granulated throughout, pale yellow-
ish, the incisures bright fulvous; spines very short, towards the
base of the ray conic, shorter than the distance between them,
towards the middle of the ray cylindric, truncated or very ob-
tuse at tip, longer than those near the. base, but still shorter
than the diameter of the ray, towards the tip of the rays, the
spines rapidly diminish in length. avh

Diameter about 11} inches.
~ Diameter of the base of a ray one-tenth of an inch.

Diameter of the disk nearly three-tenths of an inch.

This is a beautiful and curious species, belonging to the Phi-
ladelphia Museum, to which Mr. T. Peale informs me it was

“presented by Mr. F. Bravil, who obtained it in the West Indies.
The specimen is supported on a Gorgonia, around the branches

- ASTERIAS. 153

Adena Wsaty:. _ Evrvaue, Lam.

mo 4 ‘muricatum, Lam. This fine species was de-
scribed by Lamarck, from a specimen belonging to
the French, Museum, the native country of which
was ‘unknown. A very perfect specimen has lately
been presented to the Academy by Lieutenant Gandtt
of the Navy: it was taken at the Florida Keys, and
the species is therefore an inhabitant of the coast of
the United States. Mr. T. Peale also obtained. two
specimens at the same place.

e late Dr. Waterhouse mentioned to me a spe-
cies of this genus that was cast upon the shore of one
of the Eastern States, and from his description of the
animal, I supposed it to be the E. costosum, Linck,
but not having seen it, I cannot with any degree of
BRRPRE, add it to this ‘paper,

Aunerno, Leach.

A. een scte. Shays simple, bifid ; cilia tapering ;
tentacula with a pit tooth on the middle .

the last _ joint.

Inhabits the ‘coast of N ew Je ersey..
Rays slender, bifid nearly. to the base, destitute of

of which it has twined its tendril-like rays in numerous yolu-
. tions. These rays. have an annular appearance - throughout
their whole length, in consequence of the fine fulvous colour
of the incisures of the. segments, and the paler colour of the
segments themselves. It is certainly very distinct, from either
’ of the six species, having convex rays, described by Lamarck.
VOL. V.—NOVEMBER, 1825. 20

154 ASTERIAS.

spines on the back: cilia from six to nine jointed,
‘rather long, gradually and regularly attenuated to
the tip: dorsal tentacula about twenty-seven, of
which the largest are sixteen jointed, and the smallest
ten jointed, slightly slarger towards the tip, smooth ; ;
joints a little contracted at their middle ; terminal
joint ending in an incurved ’ acute claw, and with a
prominent tooth on its inner middle.

Diameter about 2% inches.

Of this small species an individual belongs 1 to the
Philadelphia Museum, found at Great Egg Harbour
by Mr. Titian Peale. As neither Leach, Lamarek,

“nor Miller have noticed a tooth on.the inner side of
the last joint of the tentacula of the species they, have
described, we cannot suppose that it exists in either
of those species, otherwise this character would not
have been overlooked. The genuine name ALEcTRO

has the priority over that of Comaruta of Lamarck,
we therefore cannot choose but adopt it.

a t “ me
Description of a ph of the Couueer fulvius,
Linn. a new species of Scineus, and two new
species of SALAMANDRA. By R, Fis Sealt MaaD-
Read September 6, 1825. aft .
Dr, William Blanding, a corresponding lina of
the Academy, } has recently presented to the Society,
a splendid collection of Reptilia, Crustacea, Insecta,
&c. from the vicinity of Camden, South Carolina,

COLUBER FULVIUS. 155

his place of residence. The present specimen is one
of that collection. _

Cot. fulvius, Linn. Var. (H. )

Char. Coluber with 18 deep black rings, with as
many scarlet or blood-red intervening ones, separated
by narrow rings of whitish-yellow bands. _

Dimensions. Length two feet, of which the tail
includes three inches. Abdominal plates two hun-
dred and two: subcaudal scales forty pairs.

Description. A single row of teeth in the upper
jaw, with a perforated fang on each side: consequently
this species is to be considered as poisonous : in

‘which it differs from the CoLuBER coccineus, (as
well as in the disposition of the colours :) but agrees
with the fulvius in possessing fangs, though Daudin
describes the latter as innocent.

The black rings are broad above and narrow be-
low ; the reverse is observed of the scarlet rings ; the
latter display a mixture more or less of a blackish
colour. In the centre of many of the scarlet rings
on the abdomen, there is a large circular black spot:
on the tail the yellowish-white and black rings alone
prevail, as in the fulvius. The rings commence
with yellowish-white, surrounding the occiput. The
face is black.

Inhabits Charleston South Carolina. A specimen
in the Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences.

Nore. It appears to be this variety which Mr.

’ Say has compared with the C. coccineus. Vid, Sil-

liman’s Journal. The fulvius of Linn. has no red
bands.

156 SCINCUS: |

Scrncvus. seh
S. unicolor. Char. Universal colour, a dark silver
gray ; head small ; snout acute 5 be a ete:
of the body. :
Dimensions. Total fell 3,4, inches 5 of the
tail 1,4, inches. ~ ete
‘Description. Head small and tring
thick than the body ; covered above with nine plates 5
superciliary ridge composed of four plates; meatus
externus rather large, transversely oval: tail small,
abruptly conical: universal colour dark silver Bray,
lighter beneath: back obsoletely striated.
This species, the smallest of the family, nelle to
the collection in the Philadelphia Museum ; it is not
known certainly from whence it came, but is bies.s0d
ed to pes the Southern States.

> met

SALAMANDRA.

ifsw : P&S ‘ 4 ryt ‘ ati
1. Si eylindracea. Char. - General colour blackish;
clouded with ‘confluent white blotches on the sides}
head thick and oval ; tail cylindrical; pe stor
body; all the toes fissile. 1 cous

Drvensions.” ‘Total length about five nictiea then
the snout to the base of ry tail ail on eal
tremity of the tail lost. a
- Descrirrion. “Male. Head larger than ee ae
oval and slightly protuberant at the occiput; eyes
large, protuberant; snout obtuse: tail cylindrical,

+

SALAMANDRA. . 157

thick and gradually tapering ; skin beneath the neck
folded transversely ; vent, a simple longitudinal rima:
general colour blackish or dark slate green ; lightest
on the throat and underneath the tail ; sides clouded
with confluent white blotches.

Female of a darker colour, with the head flatter,
and with a slightly impressed longitudinal furrow.
along the spine. ~ . ; .

Habit. The tail of this species being perfectly
cylindrical, would appear to indicate its: terrestrial

' Inhabits South Carolina. Presented to me by Dr.
Blanding. ; : ;

2. S. symmetrica. Char. Colour dusky-brown,
‘or fuscous above; orange yellow beneath; a row of
deep orange-coloured spots on each side of the spine,
symmetrically arranged ; tail compressed, longer than
the body. : .
~ Dimensions, Total length 3 inches; of the tail
1, inches. ~ :

Description. Female. A delicate and well
proportioned animal, head rather small, somewhat
flattened ; in some specimens marked with-three small
spots above ; skin of the neck not folded transversely 5
eyes rather large, though not protuberant; a row of
deep orange coloured oval spots, nine or ten in num-
ber, lining each side of the spine; and arranged
_ symmetrically; vent, very protuberant, circular, and
puckered in both sexes. Colour of the lower parts
of the body, orange yellow, sparsely spotted with
minute black dots ; upper surface of the body dusky

“158 ANEMONE.

brown. From the appearance of the generative or--
gans, these animals must sain died in the season of
their amours. , Pisigy-

Male of a larger size ited lighter colours with a
broad ancipital tail.

Inhabits South Carolina. Poadiseh ey Dr. Blan-
ding. . at Ah Bihed

Nore... This species bears no satin to the Ss. oii
Daud. which is the Lacerta aquatica, var. Gmel. and which
Professor Barton and others have confounded with the ‘ Stellio”
of Catesby: the latter being in fact, only a variety of the S.
subviolacea Barton, as is clearly demonstrated by a specimen
I have lately received from Camden S$. C. through Dr. Blanding.
Mr. Say on. the contrary, appears to have confounded the S.
symmetrica with the Stellio, in his “notes on Herpetology,”
Vide Silliman’s Journal. vol. 1. p. 264.

ti

° ae

Observations on a species of ANEMONE, of the section
PuLsATILLA, indigenous to the United States,
By Tuomas Nurrauu. Read October 11, 1825.

i 4} Co od

That the genus Seniaias as seumatisased) it Lin-
nus and, his: successors, even after) the judicious
separation of Hepatica by Willdenow, still requires
revision, must, I conceive, be apparent to all who have
ever compared the Pulsatillas with such. other as-

sumed species of the genus, as A, virginiana, A.

caroliniana, or A. thalictroides: the last, indeed, with

strict propriety, has been referred by De Candolle to

Tuaxictrum, and the Pulsatillas are sectionally di-

_ ANEMONE. 159

vided by Persoon, from his Anemonoides, being distin-
guished remarkably from the latter by the long plumose
appendages of their spreading carpelles, im which par-
ticular, though remote in habit, they bear so marked
an aflinity to the genus CLeMATis, that Pursh, de-
ceived by imperfect specimens of our plant, named it
CLemMATIs hirsutissima, (2. p. 385) and by this name
he marked the specimen in Mr. Lambert’s herba-
‘rium which I had collected. In-the work on the
_ Genera of North American plants and the rarer spe-
cies, Vol. II. p. 20, I have attempted to describe it
as ANEMONE */udoviciana, having a 1-flowered in-
volucrate scape, remarkably soft and lanuginous (no
ways hirsute) with the segments subulately divided ;
the leaves pseudo-digitate, multifid, and smooth on
the upper surface, the segments entire, linear and
acute; the petals 6, oblong-ovate, and nearly erect.
This species has also been introduced into the
Systema Vegetabilium of De Candolle, by the name
of Anemone WVuttallii; and the better to illustrate
it, I have now added a figure from a sketch made on
the spot (vid. Pl. viii.) Like most of the section
to which it appertains, it grows on exposed bare
hills, and flowers early in the month of April. The
colour of the flower is a grayish sombre blue. We
found it growing in considerable tufts, on hills near
the confluence of the Missouri and Platte rivers.
It would be highly acceptable to the flower ever
freon its early and er 5 ag vegas

160 COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS.

Descriptions of new annits ab Coleopterous Inseets
inhabiting the United States. rae Tuomas en
Read January 18, 1825, v4 ;

Dytiscus, Linn. Latr. * rind

1. D. liberus. Thorax obscure rufous; elytra ~
brownish, glabrous, with three obsolete series” ye
punctures.

Body impunctured, alaboms, oval: head very aii
scure rufous; antennz and palpi pale: thorax obscure
rufous; somewhat piceous, varied with dusky: seutel
piceous: elytra dull testaceous, but having a fuscous
appearance in consequence of very numerous, minute,
blackish, confluent points ; a narrow dull testaceous
exterior margin, in which the blackish points are less:
numerous; three series of distant obsolete punctures:
beneath piceous : venter varied with dull testaceous,
and with about four spots of the same colour on each
lateral_ margin.

Length less than 3 an inch. .

I have never found this insect in Pennsylvania. ie
purchased several specimens, with a collection of i in-.
sects, several years ago in New York, of which state
it is therefore probably a native. The elytra of the
female are not sulcated, but are erheae similar to
those of the male.

I have recently received specimens from Des Har- .
ris of Massachusetts, who obtained them in that state.

COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS. - 161

Cyrnon, Fabr. Dej.

1. C. discoidus, _Testaceous; elytra with a com-
mon black disk.
- Inhabits Arkansa. ¢

Body oval, pale testaceous, with short yellowish
hair » head and thorax impunctured: eyes fuscous :
scutel triangular, with a slightly depressed margin:
elytra with.a large common black disk; numerous
small punctures furnishing hairs :. 2igs black.

- Length} of aninch, _ .

. Taken on the banks of the river Adeana by Mr.
Thomas Nuttall. © ti

2. C. ovalis. Blackish, or yeaah brown; pu-
bescent 3 thorax harrow, transverse.

Body rather. short, oval, considerably depressed,
‘blackish or yellowish brown; with short, numerous
hairs: antenne and palpi pale yellowish-brown:
thorax transverse, harrow, not rounded on the an-
terior edge; punctures more distinct each side: elytra
with numerous impressed punctures gradually becom-

: ing obsolete behind : feet pale Laman dice
Length 7, of an inch. +.
More rounded and less sericeous than C. griseus

Fab., and somewhat larger than C. padi, Gy).

-Lampyris, Linn. Latr.

1. L. ruficollis. Blackish ; antenne and thorax
rufous. —
VOL. V.— DECEMBER, 1825, 21

~

162 COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS:

Lampyris ruficollis, Melsh. Catal.

Head black, polished, with short hairs ; eyes rather
small, prominent ; antenne and palpi dull rufous:
thorax transversely oblong-quadrate, with short hairs,
polished ; anterior angles rounded ; anterior margin
not extended over the head; rufous, a little dusky
before the middle: e/ytra blackish, with numerous
punctures furnishing short hairs: pectus rufous on
the lateral pe ie tibix obscure rufous.

Length ,4, of an inch.

The smallest North American species I have seen
and very distinct by its characters from any of them.
It does not appear to be endowed with the power of
yielding light. __

2. L: angulata. Blackish-brown; thorax yel-
lowish, with a vitta and lateral pada black ; elytra
margined with yellowish.

_ Lampyris mar ginata, Melsh. Catal.

Body dilated: head dull rosaceous, with an obscure
frontal spot and vertex, blackish ; antenne simple,
blackish, basal joint pale ; palpi blackish: thorax ob-
tusely somewhat angulated before; a dilated black

vitta attenuiated before, on each side of which towards —
the base is a large pale rosaceous space, and towards

the tip each side a dull yellowish one ; lateral margin
blackish ; a longitudinal elevated line ; lateral margin
a little excurved near the posterior aihuton 3; posterior
edge arcuated each side: scute/ black: elytra with
a broad outer margin and narrow sutural margin and
tip, yellowish: abdomen, terminal segments bright
yellow.

we

COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS. 163

Length 3 of an inch:

In general form, and colour of the thorax, it re-
sembles the corrusca Linn. which, however, is desti-
tute of coloured margins to the elytra, and its thorax
is rounded before ; it is very different from the mar-
ginata Linn. by its much more dilated form, I have
one specimen which is 3 of an inch in length.

3. L. centrata. Thorax rosaceous, with a black
centre ; elytra margined with yellowish.

Lampyris limbata, Melsh. Catal.

‘Body oblong: head blackish ; mouth dull rufous ;
antenne simple, compressed and with the palpi,
black : thorax rounded before, destitute of a carinated
line ; a black vitta, each side of which is a large rosa-
ceous spot; lateral margin not excurved towards the
posterior angles, yellowish; anterior margin dull
testaceous-yellow ; posterior edge rectilinear: elytra
brownish-black, a narrow. exterior, sutural and ter-
minal margin, yellowish: abdomen; terminal ——
bright yellow.

_ Length from } to 9, of an inch.

WVar.“a. Thoraiie: -vitta abbreviated.

Very similar in its markings to the preceding, but
is less dilated, the thorax is rounded before, with its
posterior edge rectilinear, and the lateral margin is
not blackish, &e,

4. L. reticulata. Elytra dusky, with longitudinal
elevated lines, and transverse ones in the interstitial
spaces.

Body rather slender : head yellowish ; eyes hlack :

164 COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS.

thorax wider than long, accurately rounded before ;
depressed margin wide at the posterior angles ; pale
_ yellowish, blackish on the disk ; lateral and anterior
margins a little recurved : elytra fuscous, with lon-
gitudinal elevated lines, and intermediate, transverse,
somewhat irregular ones: _pectus pale yellow each
side : \postpectus and feet pale yellow.
Length less than } of-an inch.

' A single specimen was brought from Apsaue by
Mr. Thomas Nuttall. It may be readily distinguished
from the other species of the United States by its
reticulated elytra, and slender form.

5. L..seinetillans. Light brown; thorax rosaceous,
with a yellowish margin and central black spot; elytra
with a yellowish margin.

Lampyris. pyralis; Melsh. Catal.’

Body oblong: head blackish, more or less tinged
with rufous; mouth paler; antenne brown: thorax
regularly arcuated before and on each sidé; bright
rosaceous, with a black central spot and impressed
line $ anterior and lateral margins pale yellowish ;
posterior edge very slightly arcuated, which extends
equally from one angle to the other: elytra pale
brown, with a narrow exterior, satural and terminal
margin.

Length nearly 4, of an inch.

This is our very abundant ‘“Fire-fly,”” sit is fami-
liar to every inhabitant of this country. , It is very
like the centrata nob., but is much smaller and of a
much paler colour. With the late Mr. Melsheimer, I
have always hitherto considered this species to be the

COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS. 165

pyralis of authors ; but on a careful comparison with

their descriptions, and. particularly that of Olivier
and his figure, I have, after much hesitation, conclu-
ded that it is distinct from that species. The pyralis
is described to be equal in size to the splendidula
and noctiluca, but our species is smaller; my chief
reliance, however, is on the figure given by Olivier,
which is beyond all doubt that of a mre: different
species from the present.

The female differs from the male in having the
elytra imperfect, being not more than one-third the
length of the abdomen ; they are, however, ros
like those of the male.

CANTHARIS » Fabr. Dej:

“1. C. tomentosa. Rufous ;, elytra blackish, covered
with short hairs; thorax truncated before.
Cantharis tomentosa, Melsh. Catal.
Head prominent, somewhat elongated and attenu-
- ated behind the eyes, glabrous, rufous: antennx
dusky, pale rufous at base, second and third joints
equal : thorax rufous, subglabrous, with very minute
hairs, polished; lateral margins narrow, more de-
pressed behind; anterior margin truncated ; a longi-
tudinal acute impressed line: scutel pale rufous: |
elytra blackish, with dense minute hairs, and close
set small punctures: postpectus dark plumbeous, se-
riceous, with very short prostrate hairs : feet pale ru-
fous; tibie dusky, the anterior pair somewhat arcuated,
so as to have the appearance of being a little dilated

166 COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS.

on the inner side towards the tip: abdomen dark
plumbeous on the disk, lateral margins and tip me
rufous.

Keabacinite 35 of an inch.

+ ea 9 rotundicollis. Pale rufous ; elute el

beous, sericeous ; thorax rounded before. ,

_ Head SE sericeous on the front, towards the
tip a little varied with black ; antenne hardly darker
than the head, third joint longer than the second,
but not twice as long; mandibles black at tip and on
the inner margin: thorax pale rufous, polished, with
short hairs, somewhat inequal ; lateral margins nearly. _
obsolete behind, depressed before ; posterior margin
abruptly depressed ; anterior margin regularly round-
ed, lateral angles none: scwtel pale rufous: elytra
plumbeous and decidedly sericeous, varying with the
incidence of the light: beneath pale rufous, sericeous:
anterior tibiz simple.

Length nearly 3 of an inch.

The colours of this species, as well as their distri-
bution, are so very similar to those of the preceding,
that it might be easily mistaken for the same, but it
differs in the anterior rotundity of the thorax and
the simplicity of the anterior tibix..

3. C. ligata.. Pale ochreous ; head with twolines
and thorax with a vitta, black. .

Body pale ochreous: head with two very obyious
black lines, proceeding from the base of the antenne
and converging.a little to the neck ; antenne black,
second joint very small, half the length of the third,

COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS. “167

which is not. more than two-thirds the length of the
fourth ; mouth prominent, with a black line each side
above; palpi long, terminal joint but little dilated :
tharaw quadrate, not transverse ; lateral edges recti-
linear ; angles rounded, posterior ones more acutely
so a broad black vitta, which, however, does not af-
fect the anterior and posterior raised edges : elytra
immaculate : wings black: tibie and tarsi black, rails
simple.

Length more than 3? of an Sack:

The form of the palpi prove this species to be
closely related to Mauturnus. I found the specimen
near the cantonment of Major Long’s exploring party
on the Missouri river.

4. C. jactata. Pale ochreous; thorax with an
impressed line, dull rufous, yellowish each side.

Body pale ochreous ; head yellowish before, above
. the antenne black, polished; antennz black beneath,
and basal joint rufous ; second joint half as long as the
third, which is equal to the fourth: thorax transverse,
rounded before; posterior angles acute; yellowish
each side, on the disk rufous with a blackish line,
and with an indented line extending from the middle
to the posterior raised edge: elytra immaculate:
postpectus blackish on.each side: tibiz and tarsi
black above, nails with a prominent tooth: venter
blackish in the middle.

Length more than } 5 of an inch.

I found this species when with Major Long’s
party; near the bes -ip Mountains.

168 ‘ COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS.

5. C. paraliela. Black; thorax yellow; with a
black. vitta. /

Head. black ; niet hae hiniainetloncs antenne
with the first joint yellowish beneath, second’ joint
half the length of the third, which is equal to the
fourth: thorax yellow, with a slight tinge of rufous,
with a black equal vitta, which occupies not more
. than one-fourth or one-fifth of the surface; anterior
portion rather narrower than the posterior margin $
‘angles rounded : e/ytra black : beneath black : peetus
yellow: nails armed with a tooth.

Length more than j of an inch.
_ This species was labelled in my cabinet with the
name of /ineola; but that name is pre-occupied. ‘The
black line of the thorax is well defined, and its sides
are. parallel. Occurs'in June.

6. C. laticornis.. Black; thorax with nthe lateral
margin yellow ; antenne serrate. ;
Body black : head somewhat yellowish helene an-
tenne a little dilated and serrate on the’ inner side ;
second joint very small, less than one-third the length
of the third joint, which is equal to the fourth:
thorax a little narrower before, lateral Daer mar-
gins honey-yellow ; middle of the lateral edge con-
tracted 5 posterior angles subacute : peetus beri
nails simple, eign pair with a slight perpen
‘Length nearly 7% of an inch.

7, 0. ‘seitula. Dusky 5 ; thor a margin of the ely-
tra and feet yellow. —
Head black, anterior half yellowish ; antennie with

' A
COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS. — 169

the two basal joints beneath yellowish, second joint

rather large, two-thirds the length of the third joint,
which i is-equal to the fourth: thorax yellow, imma-
culate; anterior angles obtusely rounded, posterior
angles acutely rounded: elytra dusky, with a pale
yellowish margin, the sutural margin very broad,
near the scutel occupying nearly half the width of
the elytrum beneath pale yellowish ; postpectus and
venter varied, with dusky : nails armed with a tooth.
Length more than } of an inch.

8. C. ? bidentata. shone Risiiaioie yellow ; an-
tenn serrate.

Body black: antennz dilated, fein short, aeeracs ;
second joint very small, not dilated, half as long as
the third, which is equal-to the fourth: thoraz yellow;
near the posterior angle on each side are two promi-
nent, approximate, parallel teeth.

~~Length more than 53, of an inch.

eee me Fabr.

1. M. fovilabris.. Porplish- ‘Meok:3 head at tip
yellow.

Body black, with a slight tinge of ° phephaly par-
ticularly on the elytra: head polished deep black be-
tween and above the eyes, anterior, to which it is
bright yellow ; antennz beneath one half. the length
yellow: anterior pairs of feet yellow, coxx and thighs
with a-dilated black line ; posterior feet dik y

Length to the tip of the elytra more than yy of an
inch.

VOL. Y.—DECEMBER, 1825. 22

&

170 COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS.

2. M. pusillus. -Purplish-black ; feet, excepting
the posterior tibiw, yellow. «

Head polished black; antennx at. base yellow;
mandibles yellow, piceous at tip: anterior pairs of
feet excepting the patella, yellow; posterior pair
yellow, tibie and line.on the thighs, black.

Length more than ,}, of an inch..

IT received the two insects above described ‘from
Dr. J. F. Melsheimer, under ene names I have given
to them.

3. M. seineetus. Pale yelloiahg thoracic disk
black. ;

Head yellow, black at eee thorax deep black on
the disk, each side ands basal edge yellow: scutel
black ; elytra pale yellowish , suture excepting towards
the tip blackish : pectus yellow, with a blackish spot
each side: postpectus yellow, lateral and posterior
margins black: abdomen black, incisures and lateral
edge yellow.

Length ,'; of an inch,

_A common species, remarkable for. its pale colour.

4. M. apicialis. Black; thorax sanguineous 3 feet
and tip of the elytra. whitish.

Head black, polished antenne. yellowish: thorax
sanguineous, dusky on the anterior margin: elytra
black, polished ; a large, rounded, whitish, somewhat
hyaline spot occupying the tip: feet and’ sr sad
part of the venter sind yellow or whitish.

Length less than + 16 of an inch. :

I obtained this species when with Major Long's ;

party in Missouri.

-

COLEOPTEROUS, INSECTS. 171

5. M. terminalis. Blackish; setiningl margin of
the elytra pale testaceous.
Body black, polished, somewhat hairy:5 3 antenne

at base; c/ypeus on its anterior margin and labrum

dull rufous: e/yéra with the apicial margin only pale
testaceous: anterior thighs beneath, piceous: abdo-
men with the segments margined with pale testaceous.

Length less than. ,', of an inch: of a more robust
form than the preceding insect.

XyxeTinus, Lar.

X. sericeus. Brown; thorax-indented each side
behind; elytra striate.

\ Anobium sericeum, Melsh. Catal.

Body cylindrical,’ with minute prostrate hairs:

head granulated ; antennx rufous; mouth with golden

yellow hair: thorax granulated ; an obvious longitu-
dinal impressed line, terminating behind in a short
earina, which separates two impressed transverse
spaces ; lateral edge prominent: e/ytra with regular
impressed striz, in which are — hea impressed
punctures.

Length + of an inch,

If the short Fabrician description of serricornis be
accurate, there can be no doubt that the present spe-
cies is distinct. '

SOREN, Fabr.

- 1. A. gibbosum. Thorax much elevated, acute,
‘in the middle. sk :

re

172 COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS.

Anobium gibbosum, Melsh. Catal.
Body very hairy, brown ; hairs more or less ferru-

“ginous: antennx nearly ‘eid reddish-brown : tho-

rax youch, elevated in the middle, the tip of the
prominent part bifid: e/yfra with irregular stria of
punctures; a few more prominent tufts of hairs;
humerus prominent ; postpectus dusky. ad
Length more than } of an inch.
The hairy surface, and prominence of the thorax
render this a striking species. It is not common,

2. A. bi-striatum. Black ; feet dull rufous § an-
tennx pale yellowish. ~ _

Thorax a little compressed before, with a. slight
oblique groove each side, proceeding backward and
becoming confluent on the posterior submargin; lateral
margin impressed, edge rather prominent; anterior
edge slightly reflected : e/yéra@ with obsolete series of
impressed punctures; on the lateral ren: are ws
deeply impressed striz.

» Length more than ;', of an inch. ae

A small but very distinct species. (Para

3. A. notatum. Above blackish, varied with
cinereous ; thorax with the posterior angles subacute.

Head with cinereous hair on the front; antenne
glabrous, rufous, as long as the thorax : thorax black-
ish-brown, a Jongitudinal impressed line, i in which i is
very short cinereous hair, on each side of which i is a
small obsolete cinereous spot; base with a large
cinereous patch $ posterior angles rather prominent,
subacute : sewtel cinereous : e/ytra striate, punctured.

a

COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS. ; 173

with short cinereous lines in the interstitial spaces,
forming a band beyond the middle, and at. base gene-
rally enclosing a black spot : beneath cinereous 3 sfect
blackish-rufous.

Length more than ,{ a0 of an ich.

This pretty species is not at all common.

4, A. tenuestriatum. Reddish- brown; sericeouss
elytra with filiform striz.:

Anobium villosum, Melsh. Catal.

Antenne moderate, the terminal j joints not unusually
elongated, the length of each not being equal to
three times its breadth: thorax not remarkably con-
vex, a little indented transversely each side on the
posterior margin, but not carinated_ on the posterior
middle ; before the middle on each side, in a particu-
lar highs, 3 is a rounded spot of the general yellowish
sériceous hair : elytra with very slender, not deeply
impressed, peneiprel strie.

_ Length less than 5% of an inch. :

- A very common species § it frequently occurs in
our* Museums. It is also very destructive. to Iris
root of the shops, and to various other farinaceous
substances. It has some resemblance to the A. séri-
atum Fabr, of Europe, but the terminal joints of the
antenne are less elongated, the thorax is less con-
tracted before, and the strie of the elytra are much

narrower. The hame Spe by Mr. Melsheimer i is
pre-occupied.

La

174 COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS.

Trws, Fabr. Latr. |

1. T. bicolor. Black; thorax rufous; anterior and
posterior margins black.

Body hairy: head black: antenne dusky, pale ru-
fous at base: “mouth pale rufous: thorax contracted
_ behind the middle, and a little dilated at the middle;
rufous, anterior and posterior margins black: elytra
black, with regular strie of punctures: pectus rufous,
anterior and posterior margins black : postpectus pice-
ous: feet yellowish, knees and tarsi dusky.

Length more than .3, of an inch.

- Resembles T. elongatus, Linn. of Europe, but the
middle of the pectus is not black, and the anterior
and posterior margins of the thorax are black. Mr.
Nuttall brought mea specimen of this insect from
Arkansa, and Dr. J. F. Melsheimer sent me one under
the name which I have adopted.

_ 2. T. undulatus. Elytra pale testaceous, two un-
dulatéd bands and tip black.

~ Notoxus undulatus, Melsh. Catal.

Body long, slender: head black: eyes nearly entire;
antenn# pale rufous, nearly filiform, slightly larger
towards the tip, and hardly serrated: palpi pale ru-
fous: thorax blackish, cylindrical, transversely in-
dented on the anterior submargin, a little. dilated on
the middle of the lateral margin, and narrower behind :
elytra with regular striw of punctures, pale testaceous ;
basal margin blackish; an undulated band before the
middle, another behind, the middle and tip black:

COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS. 175

beneath rufous, stethidium sometimes varied. with
blackish: feet pale testaceous 3 nails eer
Length nearly } of an inch.

- This insect has the habit of a Noroxus, but it
cannot be congeneric with the mollis, owing to the
conformation of the first. joint of the tarsi, which
agrees with that of the present genus. The antenne
are much less serrated than those of elongatus Fabr.
and are proportionally longer, the nails also are pec-
tinated. :

CLERUs, Fabr. Dej.

1. C. trifasciatus. Rufous; elytra with a broad
band on the middle, and tip black, an intermediate
cinereous band.

Body hairy, bright rufous: head at tip dusky : an-
tenne black, terminal joint rufous. at tip: thorax
short, the transverse indentation rather deep: elytra
rufous and granulated at base ; on the middle a much
dilated deep black’ band, undulated on its anterior
and posterior edges, and with a narrow cinereous
line at its anterior edge; behind this black band is
a pale rufous band so covered by cinereous hair as to
appear entirely cinereous ; tip deep black: beneath
rufous : feet hairy, black.
~ Length more than ,% of an inch.

This insect has considerable resemblance to the
ichneumoneus Fabr. and rufus Oliv. but the black
band occupies the situation of the rufous band of
those insects, behind this band those two species have

176 COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS.

a black-band, but in our insect this is rufo-cinereous ;
the tip also is deep black, whereas in the above men-
tioned species, it is either nee or eh with
cinereous.

2. C. pallipennis. Blackish ; agira Be ice testa-
ceous, bifasciate with black.

Body greenish-black: antenne and palpi sine
rufous, terminal joint of ‘the former a little dusky :
thorax widest before the’ middle, contracted behind |
an indented transverse line on the anterior submargin,
and a Jess conspicuous one on the posterior margin ?
elytra very pale testaceous, with a black band on the
middle, and another at tip: feet pale ee pos-
terior pair rather long.

Length less than + of an inch.

Similar in form to the humeralis nobis.

3.°C. -unifasciatus. Blackish ; 3 elytra with a Witite
band on the middle.
Body black, tinged ‘with greenish : antennie and
palpi pale rufous: thorax widest before the middle,
so as to resemble a tubercle on each. side: elytra with
a very narrow, pure white band on the middle : fee
blackish 5 ¢arst pale.

Leaeeh rather more than ,, of an dnch,

Of a form similar to the PIECRENE

yeti

Site Bes

Exopuium, Latr. .

E diosa Black; elytra witha inhale
and spots. tied? REN : @) brat wat
Body punctured, black, hairy: aed on the antetion,

COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS. 177

part reddish-yellow ; antennzx brownish, yellowish
at base, terminal joints not deeply serrated, somewhat
rounded : thorax subcylindric: elytra with an oblique
line from the humerus, having a spot at its inner tip,
an angulated band beyond the middle, and a spot
near the tip, eres feet pale. $:

Length from ,3, to nearly } of an inch.

Var. a. Spot at tip of the elytra obsolete or
wanting. ‘

Although the antennzx differ considerably from the
characteristic form of this genus, yet as they have
three large and separated joints at tip, and the palpi
are all filiform, with five distinct joints to the tarsi,
I have thought best to place the present insect in the
genus Enopiium.

Necropnorus P Fabr. :

N. orbicollis. Thorax orbicular; elytra with a
rufous band. before the middle, and spot at tip.

Body deep black, above polished: clypeus before,
with a large, square, rufous spot: antennzx black ;
elavum, excepting its first joint, light ferruginous:
thorax orbicular, margined all round, excepting on
the anterior portion, which is truncated; the im-
pressed lines are well defined, and the longitudinal
one extends to the base undiminished : elytra minute-
ly punctured, and with two obsolete-nervures; the
anterior band is rather before the middle, but does
not extend to the scutel; it is undulated, and does

not reach the suture; the spot at tip is somewhat
VOL. V.—NOVEMBER, 1825. 23

178 COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS.

reniform or trilobate, and does not reach the edge
or suture: beneath piceous: feet above black :» post-
pectus yellow sericeous.
_ Length more than ,% of an sti

It differs from marginatus Fabr. particularly i in
the rounded form of the thorax, which in that spe-
cies is much narrowed behind; the elytra of margi-
natus have a rufous exterior margin, the basal band
is not interrupted by the suture, and embraces the
tip of the scutel; there is also a band at tip. The
colours of the antenne are arranged exactly as in
vespillo Fabr. but the thorax is much more accurate-
ly rounded, and the elytral. markings are different.
The rotundity of the thorax is more complete than
even that of mortuorum Fabr. The species occurs
in the N. W. Territory: it is very rare in the mid-
dle states. I have received a specimen from Dr. "e-
W. Harris of Milton, Massachusetts. . -

Nira, Fabr. Des

“4, N. 6-maculata. Blackish, with a broad a
rufous margin, and elytral spots.
' Nitidula 6-maculata, Melsh. Catal.

Body blackish:brown, or deep piceous : antennie
pale rufous: thorax with a dilated pale rufous mar-
gin: elytra with a dilated pale rufous. margin ;_ an
angulated line in the form of aU at base, a small s spot
on the submargin, sometimes connected with a line
which runs towards the ‘tip, and becomes confluent

ie the lateral margin; an angulated or rounded spot %

ae

%

COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS. 179

behind the middle, rufous: beneath piceous: feet
paler. a

Length more kaha “of an inch.

_ The rufous angalie line at the base of each ely-

trum, in the form of the letter U, is a striking cha-
racter. i ; p2 :

2. N. ziczac. Black-brown; elytra with an an-
gulated band. me

Body dark brown or blackish, with numerous pros-
trate hairs: antennz piceous, two basal joints rufous :
thorax with a rufo-cinereous lateral margin: elytra
without stria, an obsoletely rufo-cinereous margin ;
on each is one or two obsolete rufous spots at. base,
and a very obvious ochreous spot on the middle, in
the form of a V, the angle pointing towards the base :
beneath blackish-piceous: feet and lateral margin of
the pectus, rufous.
' Length more than ,% of an inch. ©
_ This species was sent me by Dr. J. F. Melsheimer,
who remarked, that “it resembles the European
Niripvuva undulata very much, but differs in having
the undula ‘or lunule nearer to the apex of the ely-
tra.”” With that species Tam entirely unacquainted.

5 toe Ns undulata. Yellowish- fulvous, varied with fus-
cous; an undulated, common immaculate space be-

_ hind the middle of the elytra.

Nitidula undulata, Melsh. Catal. ’

Body above fulvous, more or less tinged with yel-
lowish: head varied with fuscous, sometimes nearly
all fuscous, with the exception of the anterior portion,

180 COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS.

and the antenne: thorax literate with fuscous, the
broad lateral margins immaculate, with the exception
of a single spot on the middle: e/ytra irregularly
marked with small fuscous spots; a large, common,
transverse, undulated, immaculate space behind. the
middle ; slightly striated ; strie not obviously pune-
tured, but furnished with very short recurved hairs ;

exterior margin immaculate: beneath rufous : : feet
and fail paler.

Length about { of an inch.

The European analogue of this insect is certainly
the N. varia Fabr., but the spots of the elytra of that
insect seem to be more distinctly arranged in abbre-
viated longitudinal lines, and the common immaculate
space of the elytra appears to me to be less obvious,
and less acutely undulated. I know of no species in
this country, for which it can be readily mistaken.
It may possibly prove to be a variety of the varia.

4, N.-rufa. Dull rufous, immaculate; , elytra
somewhat truncated at tip.

WNitidula rufa, Melsh. Catal. . ,

Body obscure rufous, with the margin a little paler:
thorax with the lateral edge a little curyed inwards,
so that the greatest breadth is anterior to the poste-
rior angles : 2 elytra destitute of any appearance of
spots, lines or striz, but on the sutural subm argin is
a longitudinal hardly elevated undulation ; : tip not
reaching the tip of the tergum, truncated, or very

obtusely rounded : feet and terminal segment of the
Venter paler.

,

_COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS. 181

_ Length less than ,% of an inch.

5. N. geminata. Reddish-brown ; aye, each
with 4 ochreous spots, placed 2, 2.

Body obscure reddish-brown, a little hairy : thorax
widest at the basal angles; lateral margin rufous:
elytra striate with elevated, acute lines, and with in-
tervening regularly concave grooves; tip rounded,
concealing the extremity of the abdomen; on each
elytrum are four ochreous spots, of which: one is on
the humerus; another near the seutel, elongated, ap-
proaching the suture near the tip, and sometimes
common ; and two other rounded ones beyond the
middle, placed transversely, equal ; aasesine margin
obscure ochreous.

Length more than +; of an inch.

The. general colour of the elytra is sometimes so

similar to that of the spots, that the latter are hardly
observable.

6. N. 8-maculata. Dark reddish-brown; elytra
with four rufous spots, placed 1, 2, 1.

Body very obscure reddish-brown: front with two

‘indentations: thorax rather large; lateral margin

paler: elytra striate with slightly elevated lines; a
rufous oblong spot at the middle of the base, a rounded
one behind the humerus, another on the sutural mar-
gin near the middle, and a fourth a little behind the
middle, oval, oblique ; tip rounded, coneearing the
tip of the abdomen, and rufous.

Length more than, 2, of an inch.

The lines of the sie are more obtuse than those

182 COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS.

of the preceding species, the interstitial spaces are
not so regularly grooved, and the spots are located
differently. I found it in plenty, when on the Ar-
Kansa river with Major Long’s party.

7. N. unilineata. Reddish-brown ; thorax. with
a line and elytra, each with about five spots, rufous.

Body obscure reddish-brown: thorax with the
lateral margins, and longitudinal dorsal line rufous =
elytra destitute of strie ; a large oblong spot at base,
near the scutel, a rounded one on the humerus, an-
other near the middle; -an obsolete longitudinal line
on the middle of the exterior submargin, a rounded
spot on the subsutural margin, rather behind the mid-
dle, another near the tip, and exterior and terminal
margin, rufous 5 tip very obtusely rounded, almost
truncate, not covering the termination of the re
men. © > : re (e

Length more than 5} + of an ines: f

For this species I am indebted to Dr. J. se Mel-
sheimer. . ’ .

8. N. semitecta. Piceous; elytra smatilian
rufous, piceous at tip. . .
Nitidula hemiptera, Melsh. Catal. }

Body dark rufo-piceous, sateen ‘Kéad! with
an indentation each side above the antenna 3 5; antenne
rufous: clava oval, dusky: e/ytra about.half the length
of the abdomen, truncated, yellowish-rufous; or tes-
taceous; exterior ret 60 and tip wir says 98

Length nearly = of an inch. Mead

Thename given by Mr. Melsheimer is preoccupied.

COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS. 183

- 9 N. unicolor. Piceous, aa elytra ab-
breviated, slightly sericeous. al

Body rufo-piceous: head with Lirias, confluent,
small punctures: thorax with small confluent punc-
tures: elytra darker, about half the length of the
abdomen, a little sericeous in a particular light: be-
neath somewhat paler. be sey

Length less than 4 of an inch.

I have found this species under loose bark of | the
yellow pine, in October.

10. N. brachyptera. Piceous, immaculate ; ‘elytra
two-thirds the length of the abdomen.

Witidula brachyptera, Melsh. Catal. bs

Body entirely piceous: head with an impressed,
transyerse line between the antenne® ; antennz ru-
fous : thorax, posterior angles rounded elytra ab-
ruptly truncate at tip, rather more than two-thirds
‘the length of the abdomen: feet rufous.

Length less than 4, of an inch.

The smallest species I have seen.

Scaraisoma, Leach.

S. convexa, Highly polished, black 3 antenn®,
mouth, feet and tail piceous.

Scaphidium convecum. Melsh. Catal.

Body black, very highly polished; head piceous,
paler before, with a deeply impressed transverse
arcuated line between the eyes: thorax with minute,
rather distant punctures: elytra, punctures, excepting
towards the base, more obvious than: those of the

184 COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS.

thorax; terminal and posterior lateral margin ob-
scurely piceous : Set, abdominal incisures a tail
piceous.

Length +4 of an inch:

I received this species from Dr. J. F. Malheiantyy
under. the denomination I have adopted. From all
I can learn, it seems to be very closely allied to the
S. agarica of authors, of which, in fact, it may pos-
sibly prove to be a variety.

Carors Fabr.

_1. C. opaeus. Brownish-black, opaque ; terminal
and two basal joints’ of the antenne rufous.

Ptomophagus opacus, Melsh. Catal.

‘Body sericeous, with minute hairs, whales
particular light, are pale ferruginous : antennee er
the seventh joint largest, the eighth smallest : elytra
not striated, but'with a subsutural impressed line,
and very numerous minute punctures, furnishing
minute hairs: feet blackish-piceous.

Length less than -of an inch.

Occurs frequently in a species of Hypnom.

2. C.. simplex. Pale brownish, sericeous ; termi-
nal and five basal joints of the antenne rufous, ;

Inhabits Arkansa.

| Head dark ferruginous; antennex dark oe
the five basal joints and terminal joint rufous; palpi
and mandibles ferruginous : ¢horaz rather paler than
the head, quadrate, alittle transverse; sides regularly
arcuated 3 posterior margin not wider than the an-

COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS. 185

terior ; posterior edge rectilinear; angles rounded :
elytra paler than. the thorax, light brownish, with
obsolete strie, more obvious towards the tip 5. very
numerous minute punctures, furnishing minute hairs :
beneath piceous? fect rufous 3 aah yellowish be-
neath,

Length nearly ,%, of an inch.

‘This species occurred on dung.

Atracenus, Latr.

A. eylindricornis. ‘Reddish-brown; antenne and
feet pale rufous.

. Dermestes ey ylindricornis, Melsh. Catal.

Body reddish-brown, with very numerous, short,
ferruginous, somewhat rigid, sericeous hairs : head
blackish, with an obscure rufous frontal spot ; anten-
ne pale. -rufous, terminal joint dark brown; mouth —
rufous : thorax nearly as dark as the head: elytra
paler than the thorax: beneath pigspur Biase Seet
pale rufous. '

Length 7 33, 2 less than 3 B of an a

Var. a. Smaller, —

Dermestes floricola, Melsh. Catal.

Var. b. Elytra almost rufous.

Dermestes obseurus, ‘Melsh. Catal.

abe species is commen.

‘

iuindanbib: Herbst, Latr.

M. ornate. Blackish; elytra undulated with
VOL. V.—DECEMBER, 1825, 24

x ‘

186 COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS.

Dermestes undulatus, Melsh. Catal.

Body with short, numerous hairs; antennzx pale
rufous, terminal joint dusky: ¢horax somewhat va-
riegated with irregular lines of rufo-cinereous hairs:
elytra with one half its surface oceupied with rufous
spots or Miaeeaias lines: beneath blackish-brown. |

Length ,% of an inch. |

The name undulatus is pre- oceupied by a species
described by Herbst. The short hair with which
the body is furnished, is deciduous, particularly that
_of the thorax. ;

Byrruvs, Latr.

B. alternatus. _Blackish-brassy ; ics ft al-
ternate darker lines. . %

Head and thorax minutely punctured, black brassy;
with short, prostrate hair; anéennz black; the thorax
with a slender, impunctured, dorsal line: elytra
black, very slightly tinged with brassy; strie very
narrow, well impressed, and with very small pune-
tures ; interstitial lines flat, alternately more obviously
polished ; very minute hairs: beneath blackish, with
small very regular punctures: feet blackish- “picedus.

Length less than } of an inch.

Iam indebted to Mr. Charles Picker of Salem,
Massachusetts, for this species. I have never before
met with it.

: Exuis, Latr.

1. E. cinetus. Blackish ; elytra with a large ru-
fous, arcuated line and spot at tip, —

COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS. 187

Parnas cinetus. Melsh. Catal.

Head black ; antennx and palpi yellowish, dusky
on the terminal joint: thorax black, anterior and
posterior margins pale rufous; a transverse slight
elevation each side of the middle, with a correspond-
ing indentation before : elytra convex, black, with a
large arcuated pale rufous line, extending nearly
straight from the humerus obliquely to near the su-
tural middle; thence it curves outwards and back-
wards towards the margin ; towards the tip, a dilated
longitudinal pale rufous line: feet elongated ; tibiz
and base of the ‘high, pale rufous.

Length rather. more than ;, of an inch.

- The antenne are very obviously eleven-jointed, and
the ee joints are slightly enlarged.

2. E. 4-notatus. Black; antenne, two spots on
each elytrum, and tarsi rufous.

Body black : antenne entirely rufous ; thorax sim-
ple: elytra with strie of punctures ;a large rounded
rufous spot at the base of each, chiefly on the humerus,
and a rufous elongated, obsolete one on the posterior _
declivity : ¢ars? rufous.

Length less than {, of an inch. ©

- Macronycuus, Mull.

M. glabratus. sancti 3; feet ee antenne
pale rufous.

Macronychus. pr bh Knoch, J. F. Melshei
mer.

Body oes blackish ; . slightly hairy thorax

Pu,
‘ g & on

188 COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS.

with a slightly elevated line each side at base, hardly
extending to the middle: e/ytra with series of large
punctures not very deeply impressed; a more dis-
tinct series of hairs near the suture; an elevated,
erenate, submarginal line extends from the humerus,
but is abbreviated before the gl Jeet clongated.
Bet rather more than zo of an inch. :

Hyonopaiies » Linn. Fabr.

1. H. retundus.. Very convex, tala elytra desti-
tute of strix, excepting the sutural one. t

Body black, polished, with very numerous, minute,’
regular punctures: palpi piceous: thorax with the
lateral margin piceous; this colour extends a short
distance on the basal margin: elytra very obscurely
piceous on the lateral margin, without any appearance
of stri or large impressed punctures; the sutural strie
very obvious, not reaching the base, generally hard-
ly uP OP IDE, the middle.

Length +4 of an inch. He.

For this species: I am indebted to Dr, J. F. “Mel
sheimer, who informed me that it inhabits “marshy
places in forests near the first ridge of. the South
Mountain, in Adams County, Pennsylvania.” I also
found it in Georgia. It resembles globosus Nob. but
is less convex, and is destitute of stria of the elytra.

. 2. H. striatus. Dill testaceous; head dark green-
ish; ‘elytra stints) and with small’ remote: —
spots. ;

- Hydrophilus striatus, Melsh. Catal.

Le,
i” .

COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS. 89

Head dark greenish, with a cupreous gloss: thear
tinged with rufous, with a double, longitudinal ab-
breviated line? sewtel black : elytra with acute, clely
punctured striz ; a small spot on the humerus,nd
two others arranged in a very oblique series, ith
respect to the first ; then a transverse, much undla-
ted series of five or six small spots; then two sall-
spots near the sutural tip, black: beneath blackh :_
Jeet pale rufous. .

Length more than } of an inch.

About equal in size, and. closely allied to the re:
grinus of Herbst, but that species is represent« to
be altogether destitute of the black spots on thety-
tra, and of the double thoracic line.

3 A. exiguus. Pale testaceous; elgtie with yne-
tured striz.

Body with numerous small .punctures : - heudiith:
the transverse line very distinct: e/ytra rather ier
than the thorax, with the stri# rather obtuse, ine-
tured: beneath slightly tinged with rufous.

» Length 7, of an. inch.

This small species I obtained on the sea she of

Chincoteage Island.

4. H. subeupreus: Black, obsoletely tingewith _
eupreous § elytra destitute of strie, excepti ‘the
sutural one. ;

Hydrophilus minutus, Melsh. Catal.

Body oval, punctured, black, with a slightipre-
ous reflection : thorax obsoletely piceous on t late- .
ral margin : e/y¢ra with rather larger punctu than

19 COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS.

the of the head and thorax ; strize none, “axial
théutural one, which is Sieelate 3 in the. middle, and
dog not approach the base; exterior margin and
tip soletely piceous: beneath blackish- Sia : feet
pious.

ngth much less than +, of an inch.

losely allied to the genus Spuaripium. It is
" mun smaller than the minutus of Herbst. _

Spuzripvium, Fabr.

is. pretextatum. Black ; elytra with a yellow-
ish\teral and terminal margin.

rindi pretextatum, Melsh. Catal.
, ddy oval, black, polished, punctured: palpi
whith: antennz piceous: elytra striate; stri# very
disttt, impressed, punctured; interstitial spaces
_ punured; a broad pale yellowish outer margin,
comencing at the anterior angle, and grating di-
latinto the tip: feet piceous.

Leth 2 zy of an inch.

524, nigricolle. Black ; elytra and feet pale tes-
tacesg,

Sferidium glabratum, Melsh. Catal.

By oval, polished, punctured: head black: an-
tennaiceous; capitulum dull rufous: palpi piceous:
thorablack: elytra testaceous: strie# slender, not
deeplimpressed, punctured; terminal margin ob-
soletelpaler, interstitial lines punctured: feet pale

more than yz of an inch.

COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS. 191

Var. a: Elytra and feet dark reddish-brown, tie
former with a very obvious pale spot at tip, some-
what similar to the unistriatum of Beauvois, but
much smaller than he represents that insect to be.

3.8. occallatum. Black; elytra with a pale “lg

feet piceous. .
_ Body oval, black, polished, punctured: palpi pice-
_ ous: antenne bdlackish-piceous: e/ytra with very
distinctly punctured, impressed strie; a large dull
yellowish spot at tip, rounded on its anterior termi-
nation, and extending further on the lateral margin
than on the suture: beneath blackish: feet piceous.

Length much less than, of an inch.

Found in putrescent animal substances at Senipux-
ten. It is about the size of apicialis nobis, which it
much resembles, but it is distinguishable by its black
colour, and firmer consistence.

Apuoptivus, Hg. Fabr.

thin vittatus, Black ; elypeus trituberculate ; elytra
with a dull rufous vitta.

Scarabeus vittatus, Melsh Catal.

Head minutely punctured ; three tubercles blaised
in a transverse line, thé intermediate one largest, and
the lateral ones elongated in a line to the eye} tip of
the clypeus slightly and very obtusely emarginated :
thorax with numerous small punctures : elytra with
narrow punctured striz ; the interstitial spaces flat ;
a dull rufous vitta ‘anohading the humerus at’ base,

192 COLEOPTEROUS, INSECTS.

extending somewhat obliquely towards the apex of
the elytrum, and contracted in the middle: feet ob-
scure rufous. .
Length more than 3% ae an inch.
This insect is very like the terminalis nobis, but
it may be distinguished by the vitta of the elytra,
and I She much less a pralennaly emarginated ripe

'Trox » Fabr.

$i 2s striatulus, Elytra with shepden acute lines,
and. intermediate: regular grooves.

Trox striatulus, Melsh. Catal.

Head blackish-brown, with confluent punctures ;
tip widely emarginate: thorax blackish-brown, with
dilated confluent punctures; a slightly impressed
longitudinal “groove ; sides very much decurved: -
elytra light brown, with numerous profound STOOVES,
which are separated by elevated acute lines.

Length ,%, of an inch.

The smallest species known to inhabit the United
States, and so perfectly distinct in the striking cha--
racter of its grooved elytra, as not to require any
comparative observations.

b)

2. T. terrestris. Elytra with raised. obtuse lines,
on which are round fascicles of short hairs. :

Trox. terrestris, Melsh. Catal. ’ 5

Body blackish-brown : head. with two small mi
cles on the front: thorax with the dorsal groove very
distinct, contracted and almost obliterated im its mid-
dle, so as to be nearly interrupted into two, on each.

=

x

%
COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS. 193

side of the posterior portion of it is another groove
equally profound ; posterior angles obliquely trunca-
ted: elytra with the fascicles of yellow hair, on the
elevated lines, rounded and not oblong, equal; in-
terstitial spaces with small tubercles:

Length nearly } of an inch.

This insect is about equal in size to the arenarius
Fabr., from which it differs in having no capillary
lines in the interstitial spaces of the elytra. The
yariolatus of Melsh. Catal. if not altogether the same
as the arenarius of Europe, is certainly most closely
allied to it.

3. T. porcatus. Elytra with elevated interrupted
lines and numerous transverse punctures on the in-
terstitial spaces.

Trox porcatus, Melsh. Catal.

Body brownish-black: head somewhat inequal,
with a more distinct frontal groove: thorax with short —
brownish hair ; a deep and_-well defined longitudinal
groove, sides inequal ; lateral edge entire ; posterior
angles projecting: e/ytra with regular series of in-
terrupted hairy lines, the series alternately smaller ;
interstitial spaces with dilated transverse impressed
distinct punctures.

Length nearly of an inch.

A little larger than canaliculatus nobis, which it
resembles, but it differs in having the transverse
punctures of the elytra; capillaris nobis is smaller
than the above-mentioned species, and may be dis-
tinguished from the present by the capillary lines of
its elytra.

VOL. V-—DECEMBER, 1825, 25 «

Wr es

194 COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS.

_ Scaranaus, Latr.

S. relictus. Head with an elevated transverse
line, interrupted in the middle; clypeus at tip ele-
vated and bidentate.

' Body brownish-black : head with a transverse i.
vated line between the origin of the antenne, inter-
‘rupted in the middle, and most prominent near the
interrupted part; tip of the clypeus with two re-
flected, acute denticulations: thorax with rather
sparse punctures: e/ytra punctured, and with three
double series of punctures, converging towards the
apicial angle; the second and third double series do
not reach the angle, a fourth double series is on the
exterior submargin, but is not so distinct as the
others: beneath piceous : pectus and postpectus hairy :
feet above blackish : venter blackish.

Length more than $ of an inch.

It may be compared with the S. punctatus Fabr.
of Southern Europe, but is of a more slender form,
and is otherwise distinguished by the armature of
the anterior termination of the head. I have found
specimens in Pennsylvania. It varies in having the
reflected tip of the head emarginate, and not ‘deeply
divided into two teeth. I have réceived a specimen
from Dr. T. W. Harris, of Milton, Massachusetts.

al Menotonria, » Fabr.

1. M. dalia. Chesnut-brown ; head and tharax
blackish-brown ; ; the former and the inferior surface
of the stethidium hairy.

COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS. 195

Body eylindrical; head blackish, with small but
' dense and confluent punctures ; front, below the ver-
tex, and above the transverse pressed line, with a
band of rather long dense ochreous hairs, terminating
at the eyes ; elypeus deeply and widely emarginated,
the edge reflected, and beneath the edge is a fringe
of recurved hairs: thorax rather prominent on the
middle of the lateral edge; nearly as dark coloured
as the head; punctures numerous, irregularly dis-
posed: sewtel with a few punctures, and with re-
flected prostrate yellow hairs at its base, partly
covered by the base of the thorax : e/ytra confluently
punctured, chesnut-brown : stethidium beneath, with
dense pale yellow hair: naz/s with a prominent tooth
on the middle, and an angle at base.

Var. a. Thorax rufo-castaneous. —

Length more than 33 of an inch.

‘This common species was sent to me by Dr. J. F.
Melsheimer, under the name which I have adopted.
The following are his remarks: ‘it differs from M
quercina in being more cylindrical, from M. quercus,
in the absence of the ‘rore ceerulescenti,” &c. and
from M. hirticula, in the want of the triple series of
fuscous erect hair on each elytrum. In its proper
season this insect may be found in vast numbers under
the deciduous leaves of forests ; during the night the
millions of wings that fan the air, produce a loud
humming sound, not unlike that emitted by the en-
— occupants of a humble-bee’s nest.””

‘It is much smaller than the guercina, smaller than
the hirticula, and larger than oe

i
*

@
iy : i
196 - 2 INSECTS.

2. M. ephilida. Ochraceous ; thorax coinesit
rufous ; head blackish ; clypeus nearly entire.

_ Head blackish, with sometimes an obscure chesnut
disk; very densely and confluently punctured ; punc-
tures small: c/ypeus, anterior termination widely, but
slightly truncated, not at all emarginated, the edge
reflected: thorax, pale rufo-castaneous, polished ;
punctures irregularly scattered ;. middle of the lateral
edge rather prominent : sewfel with a very few punc-
tures, and with reflected prostrate hairs at its base,

partly covered by the base of the thorax : elytra pale

ochraceous, densely punctured: sfethidium beneath,

with pale yellow, dense hair: nails with a. strong

prominent tooth on the middle. ,
Var..a. Scutel entirely destitute of punctures.
Length § of an inch.
This species closely resembles the preceding, but

it has a more robust form, it is somewhat shorter,

destitute of the frontal band of hair, and is of a paler

colour. I adopt the name given to it by Dr. J. F.

Melsheimer, who remarked in a letter to me, that

“it approaches nearest to a MetovontHa described

by Professor Knoch under the name of angularis,

but as the thoracic angles of that insect are covered
with a substance resembling Mother of Pearl, or, as

the Professor expresses it, “‘ einer farbe die villig
mit der kalkerde iiberein kémt; welche von den

Mineralogen Schaumerde genannt wird,” we cannot

connect with propriety, our inseet with the M, an-

gularis.” n colour it closely resembles the longi-
tarsa nobis (in Long’s second expedition) but that

COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS. 197

msectis somewhat smaller, with an emarginate cly-
peus and much longer tarsi.

3. M. moesta. Elytra punctured, and with two
double series of punctures ; clypeus slightly emargi-
nated.

Melolontha moesta, Knoch in Melsh. Catal.

Head with very dense profound punctures ; trans-
verse line between the eyes rather deeply indented :
elypeus with the margin recurved, the tip very ob-
tusely, but not very profoundly emarginated: thorax
with scattered profound punctures; lateral edge ob-
tusely projecting a little, rather behind its middle :
elytra with numerous punctures, and with two regu-
lar double series of punctures on the disk, one or two
on the exterior submargin, and a single subsutural
series: beneath glabrous : nails with a robust promi-
nent obliquely truncated tooth beyond the middle.

Length about } an inch.

The colour of young specimens is rather pale ches-
nut, but, as is the fact with respect to many species,
as they grow older, the colour becomes darker, and
it is not uncommon to - individuals that are almost
black. i

4.M. sordida. Covered with short dense hair.

Melolontha sordida, Melsh. Catal.

Superior surface entirely covered by short close
set hairs, which are longest on the head, thorax, and
base of the elytra; the punctures are also dense and
confluent: e/ypeus with the edge reflected; tip wide-
ly emarginated : thorax, lateral edge reflected, and

~

198 COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS.

a little. dilated rather behind the middle oma
having the subsutural line obliterated: beneath near-
ly glabrous: naz/s with an obliquely fruncntet ey
robust tooth beyond the middle. :

Length about 3 of an inch.

The colour varies considerably. I have a speci-
men that is of a pale chesnut colour, and others that
are dark dull brown. I have found this species in
May; and at Chinquoteage Island, many individuals
occurred under yellow- ~pine trees in company, with
the preceding species in October. It is very | well
distinguished from other species by its equally distri-
buted hairy covering.

5. M. Cratailicele: Elytra punctured, and: with
two double series of punctures; ¢elypeus entire.
Melolontha frondicola, Knoch, Melsh. Catal.
Body pale chesnut: head dusky, with large con-
fluent punctures; transverse line angulated»in the
middle ; e/ypeus very obtusely rounded at tip, almost
- truncated, the edge reflected: thorax with rather
large,~very numerous punctures, more dense. and
confluent on the sides; lateral. edge a little obtusely
dilated at the middle: e/ytra with numerous punc-
tures, and with two double striz,of punctures on the
disk, one or two on. the exterior submargin, and a
single subsutural one: beneath glabrous: nails with
a remarkably robust, broad compressed truncated
tooth. ea
Length ;4, of an, inch. r
Although. this, species is very similar, in. some re-
spects to the moesta, yet it is so. much smaller as to

é a
bee 199

be readily distinguished; the clypeus also of that
species is emarginated, and the punctured series are
much more regular than those of the present species,
in which the punctures of the series are often con-
fluent with the punctures of the interstitial lines. As
regards size, it is but little smaller than vespertina,
which has numerous indented striz on the elytra.

6. M. whifasciata. Thorax very dark green 5

elytra testaceous, with a black abbreviated band or
PB pot on the middle.

Head densely punctured, particularly before, very
dark greenish on the vertex, and tinged with cu-
preous before: clypeus entire at tip, the edge reflect-
ed: thorax blackish-green, rather sparsely punctured,
punctures small, lateral edge a little dilated rather
before the middle: sewtel dark green, sometimes
tinged with cupreous, with a few punctures: elytra
pale testageous, in a particular light having a slight
metallic tinge, each with seven or eight regular strie
of punctures, and a few scattered ones near the suture ;
margin and suture dusky; on the middle is a black-
ish band, which is more or less interrupted and undu-
lated: beneath black, slightly tinged with green and
cupreous: stethidium a little hairy : acetabulum with
an indented longitudinal line: nails, of the anterior
and intermediate feet, having one nail simple, and the
other bifid at tip, of the posterior feet simple. :

Length 3 of an inch,

Var. a. Elytra, excepting at base, black.

This species is very closely allied to varians Fabr.,
but it may be distinguished by its much larger size.

te

4

200 sie Mion INSECTS. ,
The varians is not uncommon in Pennsylvania, but
the present is a Southern species. Dr. J. F. Mel-
sheimer gave it the name of vernalis, which is pre-
occupied in this genus; he informed me that it “was
captured in Virginia, in the early part of the year
1807. Male. and female were flying about in a
ploughed field, in innumerable multitudes.”

Judging from its habit, it belongs to Megerle’s
genus ANOMALA.

Hopxia, Jilig.

H. trifasiata. Head black: elypeus at tip reflect-
ed: thorax densely covered with reddish-yellow
scales: feet brownish-red: scutel blackish: elytra
light brownish-red, with sparse yellowish scales,
which, however, are more dense in some parts, so as
to form three bands, which are tolerably distinct; of
these, one is at the base, the other on the middle,
and the third near the tip; they are somewhat un-
dulated: anal segment and beneath densely covered
with pale cinereous scales, which have in some parts,
a cupreous reflection. The opposite sex is black on
those parts, which in the other are brownish-red,
and the bands of the elytra are hardly discernible:
in both sexes the humerus is prominent, and at the
decurvature of the elytra near the tip, they are ele-
vated almost into an angle.

Length nearly 4 of an inch.

The great difference in colour between the two
sexes of this species, may readily deceive naturalists
imto the belief that they are two distinct species.

COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS. 201

Ceronta, Fabr.

C,. vestita, Hairy ; clypeus emarginate $ elytra
with a few white spots.

Body brownish-black, with very numerous, rather
long, reflected, cinereous hairs: head with the hairs
smaller.and sparse before ; clypeus widely emarginate
at tip, the lateral angles subacute and a little elevated ;
lateral margin not recurved: thorax with a carinated
glabrous line, little elevated but very distinct: elytra
with two hardly obvious elevated lines on the middle,
confluent behind ; striz slightly impressed, with small
punctures; on each elytrum is a small white dot on
the middle of the sutural submargin, another behind
the middle and approaching nearer to the suture,
three oblique ones on the exterior submargin, and a
transverse one at tip near the suture.

Length of an inch.

This species resembles the sapien Fabr., but
it differs i in having t the clypeus emarginated, the hairs
of the body elongated, and the spots of the elytra
fewer in number. Tn form, it is more slender than
that well known species, and its colour is more opaque
and less metallic. It is much more closely allied to
the C. hirta, Fabr. of ‘Europe, the spots being nearly
similar; but the ves¢ifa is one half smaller, and the
hair is much coarser and much less abundant; can it
be a variety of that species. |

I have met with but two specimens, one belonging
to the Philadelphia Museum, and the other sent to
me by Dr. T. W. Harris, of Milton, Massachusetts.

VOL. V.—DECEMBER, 1825, 26

202 COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS.

Lucanus, Linn. Latr.

1. L. placidus. Head small, slightly concave 5 ;
tooth of the mandibles emarginate.

Body dark reddish-brown : ead slightly éétilive,
rather narrower than the thorax; mandibles hardly
as long as the head, regularly curved; tooth a little
beyond the middle, not very prominent, but rather
wide and emarginate at tip: elytra without strie + an-
terior tibiz about four toothed, superior tooth small.

Length one inch.

I found this species when with Major Long’s party
in Arkansa. It differs from the dama Fabr. in being
smaller, in having the head narrower than the thorax,
the mandibles shorter and less. arcuated, and their
tooth wide and bifid at its tip.

2. L. brevis. Short and wide; mandibles one-
toothed ; elytra smooth, humerus mucronate. »

Body robust, reddish-brown: head wide, rather
narrower than the thorax, minutely punctured, a
little concave above the mandibles ; mandibles short,
with one simple oblique tooth on the middle, extend-
ing inwards and forwards: thorax wide, with minute
punctures, angles rounded; posterior ones not ob-
liquely truncated: e/ytra nearly smooth, having nu-
merous small punctures, and obsolete, hardly im-
pressed lines; Awmerus mucronate: anterior tibie
with five or six small denticulations, and a broad
terminal, prominent one widely emarginate: infer-
mediate tibie with a single spine on the middle.

oe COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS. 203
£: ;

Length nearly ,, of an inch.

This species seems to be related. to parallelus
nobis, but it is much wider in proportion to its length,
and there are no distinct strie on the elytra. —

Tenesrio, Kabr. Latr.

1. T. reflerus. Blackish-green; edge of the
clypeus reflected ; thorax subquadrate.

Tenebrio xruginosus, Melsh. Catal.

Body very dark green, almost black : head minutely
and densely punctured, anterior edge of the clypeus
regularly arcuated and reflected; antennzx black;
palpi blackish piceous; thorax rather transversely
quadrate, minutely and densely punctured ; angles

subacute: elytra with impressed, punctured striz 5.

interstitial lines depressed, almost flattened, obsoletely
punctured: ¢ibiz, anterior pair of the male with a
prominent angle above the middle, and with the
second pair much arcuated on the inner side.
Length 3 of an inch.
The specific name wruginosus is preoccupied.

2. T. rufipes. Black, polished ; terminal joint of
the antenne pale fulvous; thighs bright rufous.

Tenebrio rufipes, Melsh. Catal.

Body oblong, black, polished : antennz. black, two
basal joints piceous, terminal joint, except at its base,

fulvous : thorax rather narrower than the elytra, and. ‘
with the head densely and minutely punctured: edy-

tra with impressed, punctured striz, and convex in-
terstitial lines : thighs bright rufous; ¢ibiz, anterior

hs

if
4 .
+
& . *
204 COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS. FP Pe
pair of the male with a short spine on the inner
fiddle, Pancreas taal
“Length 3 Laninch idens

I have stated this insect to be polished, in order
to distinguish it from the Uris fulvipes Herbst, which
it very much resembles, and with which it is strictly ©
congeneric.

7%

PHILADELPHIA.

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CONTENTS

OF

VOLUME V....PART iL

Officers of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel-
phia, for the year 1827,
Descriptions of Marine Shells, recently discovered on the
coast of the United States. By Thomas Say,
Note on a species of Scincus. By R. Harlan, M. D.
On the distinction of two species of Icrmrus, hitherto con-
founded under the specific name of IcrrrocerHa-
ius. By Charles Bonaparte,
On the species of the Linnean genus Ecuinus, inhabiting
the coast of the United States. By T. Say,
Description of an Hermaphrodite Orang Outang, lately
living in Philadelphia. By R. Harlan, M. D.
Descriptions of new species of Coleopterous Insects, in-
habiting the United States. By T. Say, (continued)
Description of a Land Tortoise, from the Gallapagos Isl-
: ands, commonly known as the “Elephant Tor-
toise.” By R. Harlan, M. D. i
Descriptions of new species of Coleopterous Insects, in-
habiting the United States. By 'T’. Say, (concluded)
Genera of North American Reptilia, and a synopsis of the
species. By R. Harlan, M. D.

293

317

iv CONTENTS.
‘ + - PAGE
Descriptions of some new species of North American
insects. By N. M. Hentz, 373
Remarks on the Lime Stones of the Mississippi Lead
mines. By E. James, M. D. 376
Descriptions of three species’of the genus Cremastochei-
lus. By T. W. Harris, M. D., of Milton, Mass. 381
List of Donations to the Cabinet, *, 391 same
Alphabetical Index, 401i
Plates of Vol. V. 409
oad ids
coihgin i
iqia:
eaihyty
eet
.

TOURNAL
OF THE

ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES
OF
PHILADELPHIA. -
a
LIST OF OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1827.

President.
- William Maclure.
Vice Presidents.
Zaccheus Collins, George Ord.
Corresponding Secretary.
Reuben Haines.
Recording Secretary.
S. G. Morton, M. D.
Curators.
J. P. Wetherill, Isaac Hays, M. D., T. R. Peale,
John Vaughan.
Treasurer.
George W. Carpenter.
Librarian.
5S. W. Conrad.
Auditors.
J. Dobson, S. V. Merrick, W. M. Walmsly.

*
Committee of Publication.

S..G. Morton, M. D.
J. P. Wetherill.

W. Wetherill, M. D.
J. P. Smith.

R. Harlan, M. D.

Nore.—The labours of the late Committee of Publication were dis-
continued after the first 22 pages of this half volume.

JOURNAL

OF THE

ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES
OF
PHILADELPHIA.
LIST OF OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1826.

President.
William Maclure.
Vice Presidents.

Zaccheus Collins, George Ord.
Corresponding Secretary.
Reuben Haines.

Recording Secretary.

S. G. Morton, M. D.

Curators.
T. Say, Isaac Hays, M. D., T. R. Peale,
John Vaughan.
Treasurer.
Jacob Gilliams.
Librarian.
Jacob Pearce.
Auditors.
J. ‘Poe, S. G. Morton, M. D. Geo. W. Carpenter.

Committee of Publication.

S. G. Morton, M. D.
J. P. Wetherill.
W, Wetherill, M. D.

J. P. Smith. . *
___R. Harlan, M. D.
Norr.—The labours of the late Committee of Publication were dis-
continued after the first 22 pages of this half yolume.

‘in

~

Deseriptions of Marine Shells recently discovered on
. the Coast of the United States. By Tuomas Say.
Read October 18, 1825.

Detruinuta, Lam.

D.? lava, Whorls all separate.

Inhabits the Coast of South Carolina.

Shell subovate, nearly glabrous, whitish, slightly
tinged with dull yellowish: whorls rounded, perfectly
disjoined throughout, rapidly attenuated to the apex;
a dilated, rugous, shallow groove on the line of the
umbilicus: aperture oval-orbicular, with an acute
edge.

Greatest breadth about .2 ap of an inch.

- This very remarkable shell was sent to me for ex-

3 aid eds by Mr. Elliott, who has found but a single

‘specimen; it must therefore-be considered very rare.

‘Ona first view I was inclined to refer it to the
genus VERMETUS, in consequence of the* separated
nature of its volutions, and the broken apex of the
spire, but a more careful examination exhibited the
broad rugous groove, analogous to that in the umbili-
cus of many shells, and seemed to show its more close
alliance with the present genus,

Can this be a monstrosity of a NaTica as the Cornu
of Born is said to be a malformation of Heirx aaheinre
Mull.? ©

TURBITELLA, Lam.

» 1, T. concave. ; Shell subulate,. white; volutions

208 MARINE SHELLS

more than ten, concave in the middle, and sculptured
with from two to four obsolete, impressed revolving
lines, and with an apicial and basal band. of about fif-
teen longitudinal undulations on each volution ; the
basal band passes round the middle of the body whorl:
suture very slightly impressed, interrupting the con-
tinuity of the undulations in the adjacent bands: canal
rather promingae

Length 34 of an inch 3 ; greatest breadth less than }
of the jénpth:

For this species I am indebted to Mr. Stephen
Elliott of Charleston.

je % T. zqualis. Shell subulate, white ; volutions
ten, each with about twenty-two transverse, By aa
obtuse, equal lines, with interstitial grooves of the
same diameter ; suture distinct, impressed ; aperture
rounded at base, and destitute of any distinct emar-
gination.
Length, of an inch.

ScaLaria, Lam..

S. multistriata, — Shell tapering to an acute apex;
white: whorls eight: costa regular, equidistant, mo- —
derately elevated ; altogether wanting on the three
terminal whorls: interstitial spaces with very —
ous, approximate, impressed lines: aperture oval.

Length about 4 an inch. -

Inhabits the Sistas Coast. — . -

I obtained two specimens of this shell on the Coast
of East Florida, and I am indebted to Mr. Stephe

OF THE UNITED STATES. 209

_ Elliott for a much better specimen than either of them,
~ from the Coast of South Carolina. It is readily dis-

tinguished from the two other species which inhabit

our shores, the clathrus of authors, and the lineata,

nobis, by the numerous small indented lines that occur

in the spaces between the cost, and at nee angles

with them.

InrunpisuLum, Montf..

I. depressum. Shell depressed, fragile, with small
concentric irregular wrinkles; volutions three; suture
not profoundly indented ; apex not.central ; base oval,

- almost orbicular ; umbilicus oblong; internal plate
small. ,
Greatest diameter of the base rather more than: 5

- ~~’ of an inch.

This highly interesting shell was found by Mr.
Stephen Elliott, on. the Coast of South Carolina,
Amongst a number of curious shells, natives of New .
Holland, Timor, and the Isle of France, presented to
the Academy by Mr. Lesueur, a species of this genus
occurs, which is somewhat similar to ours, but it is
much larger ; its greatest basal diameter being $ of an
inch in length, its suture is more profoundly indented,
and its surface wrinkled,with much regularity.

~Natica, Lam.

NY triseriata. “Shell longitudinally suboval, ap-

roaching subglobular; volutions five; body whorl
h three revolving’ series of large oblique, parallel, ’

4

210 MARINE SHELLS

oblong-quadrate, dark reddish-brown or blackish
spots, about twelve in each series; wmbilicus rounded,
not contracted by the callus; safe not impressed ;
spire with but one series of spots on each volution,
Length 2, width 3% of an inch.
Inhabits the Northern Coast. Boston harbour.
This shell may be compared to the N. intricata of
Donovan, which is comprehended by Dillwyn amongst
the varieties of N. canrena. It certainly appears to
be closely allied to that very common species of the
British Coast in its configuration, excepting that it
is perhaps somewhat more elongated, and that the
_ shoulders of the whorls are much less convex, and the
suture, consequently, less deeply impressed. In a
very perfect specimen, presented to the Academy by
the vice- president, Mr. Zaccheus Collins, the two.
lower series of spots are jointly included by a pale
yellowish-brown band ; beneath this band the base of
the shell is pure white ; the shell is also white above
this band, excepting that the spots of the superior
series are connected by a pale yellowish-brown colour.
This species like the canrena, seems subject to many
varieties. On two specimens for which I am indebted

to Mr. Stone, the pale yellowish-brown colour is ¢o-:

vered by a cinereous tinge, and on one of them the
two lower series of spots towards the labrum are con-
fluent at their inner extremities into one series; in
another specimen the spots of each series are so con-

& q

fluent with each other on the back of the shell and ©

towards the labrum as to represent three continu ,
bands.

OF THE UNITED STATES. 211

I have not yet found this species so far south as
Great Egg Harbour.

From the examination of some specimens of Natice
from the same Coast, presented by Mr, Collins, I am
inclined to think that this species grows to a consid-
erable size, and attains the length of 23 inches, that ;
it then loses its spotted bands, but always retains the
whiteness about the umbilicus, and this latter part as
well asthe callus, and indeed the whole outline of
the shell remains unaltered.

Vortvaria, Lam,

V. canaliculata. Shell whitish, immaculate, cylin-
dric, with very minute obsolete wrinkles ; spire con-
vex, very little elevated, mammilated at tip; vo/utions
about five, with their shoulder very obtusely grooved ;
labrum with the edge arcuated ; /abium overspread
‘with a calcareous lamina, and with a single oblique
fold or small tooth near the base.

Length from ,4, to nearly ; of an inch.

I received specimens of i sigular shell from Mr.
Elliott of South Carolina, who obtained it on the Coast
of that state. The arcuated form of the edge of the
labrum is only pereeyee when the part is viewed in
profile.

Nassa, Lam.
1. N. unicineta, Shell yellowish-white or cine-
reous, subovate-conical : whorls with numerous revoly-
“ing lines and transverse undulations, the former about

212 MARINE SHELLS

eleven or twelve in number, with often a smaller ob-

. solete one in the intervening spaces; undulations about
ten to the body whorl, placed at the distance of the
length of their own diameters apart, and somewhat
closer on the spire; whorls eight ; apex acute; body
whorl with a brown band, sometimes obsolete, inter-
rupted by the undulations, and consisting of about
two spots in each of the intervening spaces: labrum
within with ten parallel strie, which revolve on the
inner surface of the shell ; dabiwm in the middle con-
cave, with about two obsolete striz, and a more pro-
found one at base.

Length 34, breadth nearly .%, of an inch.

Inhabits the Coast of South Carolina.

In the collection of the Academy is a shell from the
West Indies, to which our species is very closely
allied; and although the strie of the labrum are
double in the former, yet it is probable that the two
shells will be found to constitute one species, when
more specimens are examined and carefully compared.
In the systems it will ppoenly rae near to N.
vulgatum. ;

For this shell I am indebted to Mr. Sioa Elliott

of Charleston.

2. N. alba. Shell ovate, white, immaculate, lon-
gitudinally ribbed or undulated, and with spiral striz 5
ribs equal, equidistant, symmetrical, from ten to eigh-
teen on the body whorl; strie equal, equidistant,
filiform, elevated as distinctly upon the ribs as in their
interstices, and from seventeen to twenty in number,
on the body whorl: whorls seven, convex: suture

OF THE UNITED STATES. 213

deeply indented ; aperture suborbicular ; /abrum with
a larger rib than the others on the exterior, and striate
within; /abium, plate distinct, entire, but not ex-
panded, with an indented line near the base, and a
prominent one near the junction with the labrum.

Length ,°,, breadth 5 of an inch.

Inhabits the Southern Coast of East Florida, and
the West India Islands.

I owe this beautifully sculptured shell to the po-
liteness of Mr. Elliott. It seems to be more closely
allied to N. macula of authors than to any other with
which I am acquainted. Itis, however, distinguished
as a species by its more ventricose form, by its ribs
being more rectilinear, and by the spiral striz being
more prominent and distinct. Those found on the
Coast of Florida are in no respect different from spe-
cimens brought from the West India Islands.

3. N. lunata. Shell reddish-brown, with about
six volutions; whorls with two revolving lines of di-
lated, sublunate, whitish spots, and sometimes a third
one at base; sufwre not deeply impressed; labrum
’ dentate on the inner submargin, the superior teeth
more prominent; labium with the plate not thickened.

Var. a. Shell white, sag two revolving reddish-
brown dilated lines.

Length ,% of an inch.

Inhabits the Coast of the Southern States.

Cabinet of the Academy, and Philadelphia Museum.

Anima pale, whitish; foot linear, nearly as long
as the shell, acute behind, hardly larger than the

respiratory trunk, truncate before: trunk more than
VOL. V.—FEBRVARY, 1826, . 28

214 i ' -, MARINE SHELLS

half'as long as the shell, obtuse at tip, with a brown
annulation near the tip, and another near the bases
tentacula short, cylindrical, annulate with blackish,
on the middle; eyes sont placed on the base of the
* tentacula.

Found adhering under stones, fuci, &c. in the bays5
_ humerous. It varies in colour and in markings; the
white sometimes predominates, and reduces the red-
dish- brown to one or two linear, transverse, undulated.
lines. A variety occurs on the Coast of Maryland,
which is white, with two or three reddish-brown,
irregular, revolving lines.

Fusus, Lam.

1. F. 10-costatus.. Shell somewhat ventricose,
very short fusiform; the beak being much shorter than
the spire; with six.or seven volutions, which are each
obliquely flattened above the shoulder, and spirally
ribbed; these coste are elevated, semicylindric, and
with the exception of the two superior ones, equi-
distant ; sutural costa remote from that of the shoul-
der; interstitial spaces with small lines parallel to the
cost; the latter are ten in number on the body whorl, .
three on the second whorl, three on the third, and '
obsolete on the fourth. -

Length 3,5 inches.

Greatest width, 1,% inches.

Length of the spire 1} inches.

This interesting species was presented to me by
Mr. Zaccheus Collins, who obtained it from the Coast
near Boston. The summit of the spire, of two spe-

QF THE UNITED STATES. 215

cimens before me, is partially removed, exhibiting in
the interior, a close arrangement of very numerous
septe, formed by the animal at different times, as it
increased in size, and gradually abandoned the apex.
It approaches very closely in character to the genus
Buccinum..

2. F. bicolor. Shell short fusiform; the beak sub-
equal to the length of the spire : volutions five, con-
vex, with abrupt, prominent, regular, equidistant
undulations, which, on the body whorl, are thirteen
or fourteen in number, extending from the suture.
about half the distance to the tip of the beak, and

near the suture exhibiting a tendency to rise into
‘ arched scales : the whole surface of this shell is sculp- -
tured with small revolving grooves, to the nomber of
from twenty-five to thirty on the body whorl; inferior
moiety of the body whorl tinged with rufous: swfure
profoundly impressed: aperture gradually diminish-
ing to the beak: s¢riz of the labrum within aanareind
sometimes obsolete or wanting.

Length 33 greatest breadth more than } ofan inch.

Inhabits the southern Coast of East Florida.

The aperture is not suddenly contracted at the
origin of the beak channel, as in many species, but is
gradually diminished in width, much like Montfort’s
figure of Larirus filosus. ,

For this shell I am indebted to Mr. Elliott.

“i Parexa, Lam.

-P. alternata.. Shell conical, with upwards of

216 MARINE SHELLS

thirty obsolete, hardly raised, unequal ribs 3 apex ob-
liquely curved, the tip pointing nearly in a parallel
direction with the surface of the shell, and acute;
colour brown, radiated with white: base oval.

Basal length .3, of an inch.

Inhabits the southern Coast of East Florida.

- Communicated by Mr. Elliott. It seems to ap-
proach the /eucopleura, as described by authors, ex-
cepting that the base is not ovate, as the base of that
shell is said to be.

CALYPTREA.

C. striata. Shell oval, prominently convex, with
numerous, slightly elevated, equal, equidistant radi-
ating lines: swmmit glabrous, wax-yellow, subacute,
inclining towards the left side and the posterior end :
inner valve pateliform, dilated, attached by one side
to the shorter side of the shell; acutely angulated at
the anterior line of junction, and rounded behind,
and rapidly attenuated to an acute tip, which nearly ~
corresponds with the inner apex of the shell.

Length less than °. of an inch. :

This species belongs to my indicated ths Dis-
porza. Iam indebted for it to Mr. John S. Phil-
lips, who obtained two specimens on the Coast of New.
Jersey, about three miles north of Long Branch.

Venericarpbia, Lam.

V. tridentata. Shell suborbicular, subequilateral,
thick and ponderous, with about eighteen convex lon-

OF THE UNITED STATES. 217

gitudinal ribs, cancellate by concentric elevated lines,
which do not penetrate into the interstitial narrow
spaces, and which are obsolete on the umbo, and on
the anterior side: inner margin deeply crenate:
hinge with two diverging teeth, separated by a large
cavity on one valve, and on the other, a single large *
_ triangular prominent recurved tooth, closing into the

. cavity. ;

Length } of an inch, breadth rather more.

This curious shell was discovered by Mr. Stephen
Elliott, on the Coast of South Carolina. Its charac-
ters do not at all correspond with those of VeNnERIcAR-
DIA, as defined by Lamarck in his last work, the 2ni- -
maux sans vertebres, where he attributes to the genus
“two oblique cardinal teeth directed to the same
side.” In the Ann. du Mus. Vol. 7, page 55, he
admits, however, that “‘in certain species, which
ought, perhaps, to be separated from the Veneri-
cardes, there is on oné valve, but a single cardinal
tooth, and upon the opposite valve, two divergent
cardinal teeth.”” These characters, I conceive, cor-
respond with the shell above described, and although,
should they be tolerated, an artificial assemblage will
_ be the ‘result, yet for the present, I refer this shell to
the genus RE oR under this authority of La--

marck.

This species will be Srarded as an interesting ad-
dition to the Fauna of the present world. The first
recent species was described by Lamarck as a native
of New Holland. All other known species are found
only in the fossil state.

218 MARINE SHELLS

‘ TELLINA.

1. T. intastriata. Shell subovate, angulated at
the anterior base, transversely wrinkled, and within
slightly. striated longitudinally.

~ Coast of East Florida. :

Shell white, immaculate, ventricose ; wrinkles dis-
tinct, and with obsolete, longitudinal strie: posterior
slope near the hinge parallel to the base; posterior end
obtusely rounded; anterior hinge slope rectilinear,
oblique: anterior end rounded ; fold rather profound, |
extending from the beak to the junction of the base,
with the anterior end: base viewed from the disk of
the right valve subrectilinear, but very much arcuated
with the concavity of the shell: hinge teeth small,
lateral teeth none: within longitudinally obsoletely
striated: beak rather before the central. tau

Length 13 inchesnearly ; breadth 2}, inches nearly.

This shell was handed me for examination by Pro-
fessor Green, in whose cabinet the specimen is pre-
served: a right valve is in the collection of Mr: Hyde:
In general outline, it resembles fig. 3, pl. 287 of En-
cycl. Meth. c.

2. F. lateralis. Shell transversely subovs ee seal
nearly central; posterior margin regularly rounded +
anterior margin rostrated, the rostrum turned to the
left, and slightly gaping: gament slope rectilinear :
basal margin regularly arcuated, a little contracted
near the rostrum: valves whitish, often tinged with
ferruginous, with small concentric wrinkles and slight
waves; within white, a little sculptured with the ex-

OF THE UNITED STATES. 219

ternal waves: lateral teeth none: cardinal teeth two
on one valve, and one with another hardly elevated
filiform one on the other. ;

Inhabits the Coast of the United States.

Length 134 inches; width 2,3, inches.

This species is more commonly found upon the
Southern Coast, where it is abundant, but: perfect
specimens are very rare.

3. T. decora. Shell trisversely subovate, rosa-
ceous, or white, with rosaceous radii ; not much com-
pressed; numerous minute concentric wrinkles, and
regular, oblique, equidistant lines crossing them > an-
terior margin destitute of the oblique lines : posterior
lateral tooth of the left valve prominent, the others
obsolete : apex a little before the middle.

Length more than } an inch; breadth 37 of an inch.

The largest specimen, brought ‘by Mr. T. Peale
from the southern Coast of East Florida, is one inch
in breadth.

In the character of the oblique strie this species is
allied to T. iris nobis, but it is amply distinguished
by its much greater size, less compressed form, oblique
striz, via its colour, &e.

| ie Lam,
' ao ‘aie ie ie ;

P. fusca. Shell lea tressed, transversely sub-
ovate, thin and fragile ; wrinkled concentrically, and -
eovered with a fuscous or yellowish-brown epidermis:
apex not prominent, central: anterior margin more

narrowed than the posterior one, with a slight and
*

200 MARINE SHELLS

*
obtuse wave passing along the anterior submargin:
posterior margin very obtusely rounded: within
white: teeth diverging remotely, very meer: fili-
form, and hardly elevated.

Var. a. Epidermis whitish, slightly tinged with
yellowish.

Length 1,4 inches 3 breadth igs ‘adel

Inhabits the estuaries of Georgia.

Cabinet of the Academygand Philadelphia Miyecim.

Several specimens of dead shells were brought up
' from the bottom of the Sound, near oA eykill island, by —
the fluke of our anchor.

Ampuipesma, Lam,

1. A. radiata. Shell transversely oval, orbicular,
a little compressed : apex nearly central, a little pro-
minent: posterior slope somewhat concave near the
beak: anterior slope rectilinear to the middle: dish
somewhat regularly wrinkled transversely, and with
minute longitudinal strie, white, with more or less
rosaceous radii, which are sometimes obsole
rior submargin, with a slight rb se |
eardinal teeth two in eac
unequal : dateral teeth ve inct rior one.
nearer the primary tee han the an-
terior one: interior ligament
form, nearly parallel to the anterior slope:
tinged with yellow, and the rosaceous radii are

Length =; breadth rather more than 1 inch.

- Many specimens of this pretty species ne

OF THE UNITED STATES. 22}

from the southern shores of East Florida, by Mr.
Titian Peale, and I obtained a worn individual a few
years since, on the coast of Georgia, measuring one
inch and two fifths in breadth.

It resembles the species I formerly described under
the name of A. orbicudata, but it is wider in propor-
tion to the length, &c.

2. A. lepida. Shell very much compressed, sub-
triangular, remarkably thin, pellucid, equilateral,
somewhat iridescent, with numerous concentric wrin-
kles, and equally numerous very minute, regular,
longitudinal strie, which, on the anterior margin,
curve towards the anterior edge, and on the posterior
margin, curve in the same manner towards the pos-
terior edge: cardinal teeth obsolete: lateral teeth
prominent.

Length rather more than ; of an inch; breadth less
than } of an inch.

This shell was sent to me by Mr. Elliott, who found
it on the coast of South Carolina. -

Note on aliihpposed: new ‘epecies. of Scincus published in the prece-
ding number of this ournal. Py R. Harcay, M.D. Read

January Bs 1826.

I was not aware, until afer ine publication of my description
of the Sciycus unicolor, ‘species of this genus had been
noticed i in Long’s Expedit @ the Rocky Mountains, it having
been omitted in the general Index. I have since been convinced,
however, that the new animal, described in Vol. 2nd, p. 190, of
that work, under the name of Scincus lateralis, is identical with
the S. unicolor.

L. ¥-—-FEBRUARY, 1826. 2

292 NEW SPECIES OF ICTERUS.

On the distinction of two species of lorERUS, hitherto
confounded under the specific name of lcTERO-
cepHaus. By Cuartes Bonaparte. Read Feb-
ruary 28, 1826.

Though almost convinced that the Yellow-headed
Troopial, brought. by Major Long’s expedition, was
not the species to which that name had been applied
by authors, yet in conformity to my principles, never
to establish a new species, whenever it could be re-
ferred to an old one with any degree of propriety,
I did not think myself authorized to give it as new in
the first volume of my American Ornithology, espe-
cially as Say had called it by the above name in the
list of animals observed by the expedition. I limited
myself, therefore, to giving an exposition of the rea-
sons for and against identity; and it will be seen by
referring to my American Ornithology, p. 27, that
the principal reasons (which I then called deceptive)
for considering my bird as distinct from the I. ¢etero-
cephalus, were 1st, that mention had not been made
by authors of the conspicuous” ‘spot on wing:
2nd, the difference of size: 3d, that my bird be-
longed to a different group from the one to which the
I. icterocephalus had been referred by late writers.
But I explained these differences, by attributin
first to the common negligence of early describers; he
admeasurement having been taken from dried skins.
could account for the second; as for the third, we had
only Vieillot’s authority, who might never have seen

NEW SPECIES OF ICTERUS: 223)

the bird he thus classified. But we must confess,
that the principal reason which prevented us from
considering the trans-Missouri bird as a nondescript,
was the actual comparison of it with a specimen from
South America, with which it proved to be identical.
The more natural conclusion of the species having
been incompletely described, was therefore adopted,
in preference to the improbable one that two species
were found in South America, of which the undescrib-
ed one should happen to be our species. Having
since, however, observed specimens of the real IcTr-
Rus icterocephalus, we beg leave to introduce the
other under a new name, and will try to put them
under such a point of view, as will prevent their being
mistaken in future.

Subgenus Xanthornus.

1. Yellow-headed Troopial. Icrerus xanthoce-
phalus, nob. |

Niger; capite, collo, pectoreque aurantiacis; alarum
macula alba.

Male black; head, neck and breast orange; a white
spot on the wing. Length 103 inches.

Female and Young dark brown ; wings immacu-
late ; throat whitish 5 A a7 ne yellow patch on the

pe Len th 8h incl
g
c SYNONYMES.

Yellow-headed Troopial, Icrerus ieterocephalus, nob. Am.
Orn. 1. p. 27. pl. 3. fig. 1: male, fig. 2. female.

224 NEW SPECIES OF ICTERUS.

Yellow-headed Oriole, Orionus icterocephalus, Say in
Long’s expedition, but not the I. icterocephalus of authors.
_ Probably the larger of Buffon’s Coiffes jaunes.

Inhabits the western parts of North America;
found also in South America.

For a detailed description and history, see the
above quoted work.

Subgenus Jcéerus.

2. Yellow-headed Troopial. IcTERus icteroce-
phalus, Daud.

Niger ; capite colloque luteis; alarum macula nulla.

Male black; head and neck yellow; no white on
the wing. Length 7} inches.

Female and Young unknown.

SYNONYMES.

Orrowus icterocephalus, Linn. Guex. Lata. nec © Say in
Long’s expedition.

IcreRvs canthornus icterocephalus cayennensis, Briss.

IcreRvs icterocephalus, Davp. nec nob. Am. Orn.

Penpuuinus icterocephalus, ViEi.. ae

Cornix atra; capite, collo pectoreque flavis, Korirevter,
Nov. Comm. Petr.

Les Coiffes jaunes, (probably the smaller only) Burr. Ois.

Carouge de Cayenne, Burr. pl. enl. 343.

Yellow-headed Starling, Epwarps, Glean. wets

Yellow-headed Oriole, Lata. Syn. ey

Inhabits Cayenne.
Description. Bill formed exactly like that of i

SPECIES OF ECHINUS. 295

baltimore. Whole head, sides, and inferior part
of the neck, down to the breast, rich uniform yellow,
rounded on the breast, and well defined; feathers
round the base of the bill, and space between the bill
and eye, black, not extending beyond it: back of the
neck and all remaining parts of a deep, uniform,
glossy black. Tail slightly rounded, 2: inches long.

From the above it will be seen that these species,
besides that they are subgenerically distinct, may be
readily recognised by their very different size; our
new species being more than three inches longer, and
proportionally stouter; by the yellow colour being
more extended, brighter, orange, and of different
shades in the I. xanthocephalus, whilst it is uniform
in the I. icterocephalus; by the black colour being
tinged with brownish, and with some feathers yellow
at base, whereas it is pure and uniform in the old
species ; and finally, by that most striking character of
the white spot on the wing of the new species.

On the species of the Linnxan genus Ecutnvs, in-
habiting the coast of the United States. By
Tuomas Say. Read November 8, 1825.

-

Ecuinus, Linn. Lam.

1. E. granularis, Lam.?
Several specimens of a species which agrees with |
Lamarck’s description, were sent me by Mr. D. H.

226 SPECIES OF ECHINUS.

Storer from near Cape Elizabeth, coast of Maine.
He found them in plenty under rocks. At first view,
I referred them to E. esculentus, Linn. ; but on com-
parison with that species, I find it to be more de-
pressed, and much more thickly studded with small
- elevations; thus agreeing with the reputed characters
of the present species. It is also allied to E. neglectus,
Lam. The spines are green. A few Ecuini found
by Mr. N. M. Hentz on the coast near Charleston,
may prove to bea variety; the spines are more —_—
and are white.

2. E. lucunter. Linn. Found by Mr. T. Peale,
on the Florida Keys.

3. E. variegatus, Leske.

Mr. Peale obtained two specimens on the Florida
Keys. I would add to Lamarck’s description, that
the pores in the series are placed alternately two and
four; and that the figures around the space of the
mouth, are narrow and rather deep.

CipareTes, Lam.

C. diadema, Linn. Found by Mr. T. Peale, on
the Florida Keys. Encycl. Meth. pl. 133, fig. 10:
and a portion of a spine is represented at C; and mag-
nified at D.

Scureria, Lam.

1-S. pentaphora, Gmel.
Lamarck was unacquainted with the native country
of this species, and he seemed inclined to consider it

SPECIES OF ECHINUS. 227

only a variety of the heraporus Gmel. of the West
Indies. .

It is common on our coast, where it is almost every
where found, and in many parts abundantly. Amongst
many thousands that I have seen, not one specimen of
the hexaporus occurred ; and this latter has not yet
been found on any part of our coast.

2. S. trifaria. Orbicular, slightly convex; anus
in the periphery : ambulacrez ovate-oval, disjoined at
tip: beneath with five radiating grooves, each of
which terminates in three branches, at about two-
thirds of its length from the centre; these branches ~
consist each of two impressed lines; the two lateral
branches are opposite at their base, and form a right
angle with each other; the central branch is rectili-
near with the groove; colour when recent, bright
eoppery:

Diameter about two inches.

This species seems to be closely related to S. par-
ma of Lamarck, from the Indian Ocean, as it agrees
with his short description; but having consulted the
figure of Rumphius, to which Lamarck refers, I find
that species to be twice as large as the present, and
exhibiting a different aspect.

For perfect specimens of the trifaria, I am in-
debted to Mr. Aaron Stone. Within twenty miles
of the shore of Long Island, this gentleman dredged
a distance of about a mile, and brought up 150 spe-
cimens, unaccompanied by any thing else. He in-
formed me that their colour was bright coppery, and
that they had a very feetid effluvium. |

228 SPECIES OP ECHINUS.

Ihave never found any of this species cast upon
our coast as far south as New Jersey, but Mr. D. H.-
Storer has recently sent me two bleached individuals
from the coast of Maine, one of them from Prout’s
neck, and the other from Hunnewell’s point; but he
informs me that they are not abundant at either of
those beaches.

3. §. 5-faria. Orbicular, discoidal 5 anus between
the mouth and margin.

Fossil of Georgia.

Body orbicular, regularly rounded, without any
angulated appearance; beneath very slightly concave ;
anus situated at half the distance between the mouth
and the margin; from the mouth are five radiating,
impressed lines, each of which, at its middle, gives
off an opposite branch on each side; these lateral
branches at their middles, each gives off a branch on
its exterior side.

Diameter 2,5, inches.

Height 3 of an inch.

For this interesting species we are indebted to Dr.
Boykin of Milledgeville, Georgia, who informs us that
they abound in that vicinity, and that they are there
familiarly known by the name of “ Biscuits.”

The name of this genus is preoccupied in Ento-
mology, and must therefore be changed.

Mr. Peale found a species of Linnean Ecutnus
on the Florida Keys, that is probably the CLYPEASTER
rosaceus, Linn. or a very closely allied species, but
as I have not seen a specimen, I cannot introduce it
into this paper.

HERMAPHRODITE ORANG OUTANG. 229

Sparaneus, Klein, Lam.

S. atropos, Lam.

I am indebted to Mr. William Wagner for the spe-
cimen: he found it on the coast near Charleston, S.
C. It agrees very well with Lamarck’s description
of the atropos, and with the figures of that species in
the Encyclop. Meth. _

Description of an Hermaphrodite ORANG OUTANG,
lately living in Philadelphia. By Ricuarp Har-
LAN, M. D. &c. Read October 17, 1826.

Sima.

-$.—With black, thick, woolly, and frizzled hair,
covering all parts of the body, with the exception of
the palms, the face, and the ears. Skin black. Nails
on all the fingers. Orbits of the eyes prominent.
Arms very long. No cheek-pouches: no tail: no
guttural sac: a rudiment only of callous buttocks.
Nose more prominent, and facial angle more elevated,
than in the Simta safyrus of Linneus.*

Dimensions.—Total length, from the vertex to the
heel, 2 feet 2 inches: superior extremities, 1 foot 6

* Corpore pilis nigris obtecto ; facie, palmis, et auriculis nudis ; .
cute nigro; palmis pentunguibus ; brachiis longissimis ; cauda, et
sacculis buccarum et gutturis omnino carentibus ; natibus leviter
callosis ; naso prominentiore, et angulo faciali plus elevato quam
in Simia Satyro Linnzi.

VOL. V.—-NOVEMBER, 1826. 30

230 HERMAPHRODITE ORANG OUTANG.

inches : arms, 6 inches 6 tenths: fore-arm 9 inches i
tenth: hand and fingers, 5 inches 5 tenths: lower
extremities, 11 inches: thighs, 5 inches 4 tenths:
legs, 6 inches 2 tenths: foot, 4 inches 6 tenths: body,
10 inches 5 tenths: head and neck, 11 inches 3 tenths:
length of the bare-face, 3 inches: circumference of
the thorax, 11 inches 3 tenths: circumference of the
head, 10 inches. stash. ae

Observations.—This interesting animal was im-
ported into New York, from the island of Borneo, in
the month of May, 1826; and at its death, was said
to. be rather less than two years of age. Each jaw
contained twelve teeth ; three molars, one — and
two incisors, on each side.

When standing erect, the fingers of the Senin
nearly touched the ground ; advancing on a plane
surface, he voluntarily assumed the erect attitude ;
balancing himself with his long arms, on the slack
rope, and climbing with the greatest agility: when
he retired to sleep, assuming a recumbent posture ;
displaying great fondness for fruits of all descriptions,
but particularly for grapes; possessing all the do-
cility and. intelligence characteristic of the orangs.
He died of a diarrhoea, from excessive indulgence in
fruits. ns

Distinctive characters of the species. fag
. The Orang genus has already been increased eet

one to six species. The present specimen differs
from all the others hitherto described; it evidently
pertains to the Gibbon family, or the Long-armed
Orangs, the type of which is the Simia lar (Linn.) to ©

HERMAPHRODITE ORANG OUTANG. 231

which are added, Ist, the Little Gibbon, or Orang
varié of Cuvier. 2nd, the Siamang, or S. syndactylus
of Rafiles; and 3d, the Active Gibbon, or Wou-wou of
Duvancel and F. Cuvier. From all these our specimen
differs, in being of a universal black colour, in the
facial line being less inclined, in the absence of the
circle of gray hairs around the face, in the rudi-
mentary state of the ischiatic callosities, and, with
the exception of the Active Gibbon, in the absence
of the guttural sacs.

Should I be right in supposing the above details to
offer specific differences, the animal may be properly
named Simia concolor.

Habitat.—Island of Borneo ; climbing trees, feed-
ing on fruit and insects. The present specimen,
caught and devoured all the flies within his reach.

Dissection.—General adhesions of the peritoneum,
omentum and ifitestines; glands of the mesentery very
much enlarged ; white eruptions, or rather ulcerated

tubercles on the peritoneum, such as are observed
occasionally in scrophulous subjects, and inflammation
of the mucous coat of the stomach and intestinum rec-
tum. i ie Hk
- Orangs have been occasionally dissected, and mi-
nute and laboured descriptions of their anatomy are
published. The present individual displayed re-
markable peculiarities: the ligamentum rotundum |
very strong ; liver resembling the human, having the
same number of lobes, gc. Appendicula vermiformis
very large; contents of the thorax displaying close
analogy to the human: ventricles of Morgagni rather

232 HERMAPHRODITE ORANG OUTANG.

large, though not communicating with a sae in the
throat, as in the Simia satyrus and some monkeys;
sternum composed of only two pieces, like that bone
in man, in which it differs from the Simiz with tails.
Twenty-five rings to the trachea, fourteen ribs on each
side, fourteen dorsal vertebra, seven cervical, ‘five
lumbar, five sacral, and five coceygeal : but the most
remarkable peculiarity remains to be noticed; the
subject proved to be a complete Hermaphrodite.
Hermaphrodism, that is to say, individuals uniting
in themselves the means of reproduction, without the
concurrence of other individuals of their own species,
appears to be, in some sort, a vegetable attribute; as
among plants, the class Dioécia (Linn.) is the only one
not hermaphrodite. The nearer the animal ap-
proaches the vegetable kingdom, the more frequent
and complete are the instances of hermaphrodism.
This is of two distinct kinds: in the*one, it is abso-
lute, the animal possessing within itself the powers
of reproduction, as is instanced in the Bivalve shells,
as the Oyster, in some of the Multivalves, as the Chi-
ton, and in Zoophites, Holothuria, &c. ; whilst in Uni-
valve shells, on the contrary, such as the Helix, Lim-
nea, Planorbis, &e. although they unite the two sexes,

yet the union of two individuals is necessary to fe-

cundation. The common garden snail, is a familiar
_ example: animals of this description are properly
termed ‘ Androgynous.” The disposition, then, to
hermaphrodism, is more rare, as we advance in the
scale of perfection, or rather to a more complex or-
ganization. Those cases said to have occurred in the

HERMAPHRODITE ORANG OUTANG. 233

higher orders of animals, may, with few exceptions, be
attributed to mal-conformation of the genital organs,
and to a mixture of the two sexes; which, according
to the observations of Sir E. Home,* and Mr. John
Hunter,+ are of more frequent occurrence in the bull,
than in any other of the mammifera: but in no in-
stance have these authors found the assemblage of the
organs of both sexes complete; some or other of the
organs being absent, or existing in a rudimentary state.

The case which most nearly approaches in per-
fection the subject of the present description, is that
detailed by Mascagni in the “ Bulletin de la faculté de
Medecine for 1811, p. 176,” where he describes a
bull with all the male organs, and with ovaries, uterus,
and vagina; but in place of a vulva, the vagina had
its orifice in the urethra. There is also another case,
somewhat similar, described in the ‘Med. Reposito-
ry, No. XLV,” of a human individual in Lisbon,
uniting both sexes in apparently great perfection.
The subject was 21 years of age, was twice pregnant,
and aborted at the third and fifth months. It is true,
that though the penis and testicles existed, the latter,
with their excretory ducts, were not examined ana-
tomically. For a more detailed account of this indi- |

vidual, vide Dictionnaire des Sciences Medicales, art. ;

* Cas rares.”’
The above observations will at least demonstrate
the possibility of the occurrence of complete her-
_maphrodites, even in the highest class of animals. The
specimen which forms the subject of the present de-

* Philosoph. Trans. 1799.
+ Obs. on certain parts of the animal economy, Lond. 1792.

234 HERMAPHRODITE ORANG OUTANG.

scription, will furnish us, perhaps, with the nearest
approach to a complete union of the sexes in the same
individual, which has been detailed ; and is the only
instance, as far as we have observed, of a circumstance
of this kind occurring in the monkey race.
In the present instance, the penis was about one
inch in length, subject to erections: terminating as
usual in a glans, but imperforate; a deep groove on
the inferior surface, serving as a rudimentary urethra:
this groove extended about two-thirds of the length
of the penis, the remaining portion being covered
with a thin, cuticular, diaphanous membrane, which
also closed the external orifice of the vagina, being
extended across the vulva. The vagina rather large,
and displaying transverse strie; remains of the
nymphe, and labia externa, visible; the meatus urina-
rius opening beneath the pubis into the vagina, the
urine must have been directed along the groove of
the penis, by the membrane obstructing the orifice of
the vagina: the os tince was surrounded by small
globular glands, the orifice and cervix admittingya
large probe into the cavity of the uterus, which organ
appeared perfect, with all its appendages ; the round
and broad ligaments, together with well-pronounced
ovaries, all in situ.* The scrotum was divided, con-
sisting of a sac on each side of the labia externa, at
the base of the penis, covered with hair; the testicles

* The male and female organs of generation, were i ‘in this
animal, as completely perfected as could have been anticipated
in so young an individual, and resembled those of other indi-
viduals of a similar age: minute ova were visible in the ovaries.

HERMAPHRODITE ORANG OUTANG. 235

lay beneath the skin of the groin, about two inches
from the symphysis pubis, obliquely outwards and
upwards ; they appeared to be perfectly formed, with
the epidydimis, &. The most accurate examination
could not discover vesicule seminales; but an opening
into the vagina, above the meatus urinarius, appeared
to be the orifice of the vas deferens. The testicles were
unfortunately separated from the body, during the
process of skinning. Admitting what in reality ap-
peared to be the fact, that all the essential organs of
both sexes were perfect in this individual, had the
subject lived to adult age, most interesting results
might have been elicited. Could not the animal have
been impregnated by the male individual, by rup-
turing the membrane closing the vulva? or by mas-
turbation, might not the animal have impregnated
itself? by this means exciting the testicles to discharge
their seminal liquor into its own vagina. The imper-
fection of the urethra, most probably, would have pre-
vented the animal from ejecting the semen into the
vagina of another individual. The subject, whilst
living, always passed fora male. Had an instance of
a like nature occurred in the human subject, it might
have occasioned great difficulties, viewed in the light
of a case of Legal Medicine.

Drs. Charles Pickering and S. G. Morton assisted
at this dissection. The accurate drawings of the ana-
tomical parts, in a recent state, of the natural size, by
Dr. Morton, and the figure of the animal, by Dr. R.
M. Bird, have largely contributed to the value of
this paper.

236 HERMAPHRODITE ORANG OUTANG.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. ;

Plate IX.—From a drawing of the animal, taken after death.

Plate X. fig. 1st.—External organs of generation.

A. Orifice from the vagina and urethra,

b. Membrane covering the vulva.

c. Prepuce.

‘d. Raphe of the perineum.

e. Penis with a groove on its inferior pre
f, Ischiatic nudities. ‘
g. Anus.

Fig. 2nd.—Internal organs of generation, viewed from behind ; ;
the uterus turned up, with its ligamentum Tatum,
to show the ovaries, &c. aii
A. Bladder.

b. b. Ovaries,

c. Uterus.

d. d. Fallopian tubes,
e. Rectum.

f. f. Broad ligaments.

COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS. 237

Descriptions of new species of Co.zorterous In-
sects inhabiting the United States. By Tuomas
Say. Read January 18, 1825.

(Continieed from page 204.)

Oparrem, Fabr.

1. O. notum. Brownish-black : elytra with regu-
lar series of impressed punctures.

Opatrum elathratum. Melsh. Catal.

Head with small, close set punctures; terminal
emargination not angulated: thorax with small, close
set punctures; lateral edge reflected ; posterior an-
gles somewhat produced, subacute : elytra destitute
of impressed striz, but with regular series of large,
profoundly impressed, rather longitudinal punctures :
tarsi piceous.

Length less than ,% of an inch.

This does not correspond with the description of
the elathratum, Fabr., inasmuch as the elytra are not
striated. It is common.

2. O. pullum. Brown; head and thorax darker ;
elytra with punctured strie ; beneath reddish-brown.

Description. Head and thorax dark-brown, mi-
nutely and densely punctured ; posterior angles not
prominent 5 3; lateral edges not reflected: antennz
piceous; terminal emargination of the clypeus not
angulated : e/ytra with impressed, punctured striz,
the punctures profound, somewhat transverse ; inter-
stitial lines with numerous smal! punctures : ye
reddish-brown.

Length rather more than 5, of an inch.
VOL. V.—NOVEMBER, 1826. : _3i

238 COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS.

_I obtained this species on the margin of the Arkan-
saw river, when with major Long’s party. It may
be distinguished from the preceding, by the striated
elytra, and by the simple edge of the thorax.

Boros, Herbst.

B. unicolor. Blackish-brown, punctured ; thorax
not obviously indented behind.

Body depressed, rather slender, blackish-brown,
punctured: fead suboval, punctures rather large,
numerous, smaller before ; a dilated indentation each
side anterior to the eyes: antennz but little longer
than the head: thorax oval, accurately rounded each
side, punctures numerous, rather large ; no indenta-
tion: elytra with irregular, numerous punctures,
smaller than those of the thorax, not disposed in any
regular series; an obtuse indented line on the outer
margin, and another at the suture.

Length ,% of an inch.

I received this insect from Dr. J. F. Melsheimer,
under the name I have adopted. It is certainly very
closely allied to B. elongatus, Herbst, but judging by
the figure given by this author, it is much smaller ;
it is also destitute of any obvious indentation. on the
posterior part of the thorax. "

tie <a

* ~ Borerornacus, Iilig. .
-
B. corticola. Thorax with elevated points 5 elytra
with elevated interrupted lines.
Body brownish-black:: head simple, slightly erenate

COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS. 9395

on the anterior edge; a sub-acute tubercle at the
inner edge of each eye; base punctured; punctures
large, close set, concave: thorax rough, with very
numerous conic points; an impressed dorsal groove ;
lateral edge acutely crenate: e/ytra with prominent,
much interrupted lines, intervening grooves with re-
mote tg

Length 53, of an inch.

- Tadopt the name given by Dr. J. F. Melsheimer
to this species; he found eight or ten specimens, un-
der the bark of a decaying white pine, in Virginia.
T have not yet found it in Pennsylvania.

Evustropuus, fig.

E. tomentosus. Brown ; 3 golden sericeous ; elytra
immaculate.

Mycetophagus tomentosus, Melsh. Catal.

Body oblong-oval, regularly and equally rounded,
before and behind; brown, covered: with very nu-
merous, bright sericeous hairs: antenne and palpi
rufous: ‘thorax but little undulated .on the posterior
edge: elytra with slender, punctured strive: beneath
colour of the .antenne. -

Length } of an inch.

At first view, this might be mistaken for the E,
bicolor, Fabr. Dej. but that species is considerably
larger, of a much darker colour, almost black, with a
comparatively slight opal-sericeous gloss; the antenne
also are blackish, with the base and tip rufous or
fulvous; the Jifasciatus, Nob. has banded elytra.

240 COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS.

anens Fabr.

L AL bose ‘Rode boeken very convex, aan
cupreous $ third joint of the antennz not —
ger than the fourth.

Helops pullus, Melsh. Catal. is “

Antenne piceous ; third joint hardly as long salilie
fourth and fifth together; the two latter equal: eyes
moderate: head and thorax densely and equally pune-
tured ; anterior angles of the latter sub-acute ; lateral
edge slightly contracted behind the anterior angles:
elytra rather paler than the head and thorax, and
more obviously cupreous, with punctured striz:
pectus each side, with numerous, longitudinal, im-
pressed lines ; ¢arsi dark rufous.

Length from 3 to = of an inch. a ®

In general form, it somewhat resembles H. con-
tractus, Beauvoir; particularly in the great convexity
of the superior surface of the body 5 but it ae be
mistaken for that insect. [

2. H. politus. ow meg united 5 wings ,

imperfect.»

Body bright copper, polished ; sensdiiil 83
tennz long, blackish; third joint equal, to the fourth
and fifth together, which are equal ; abrum piceous :
eyes moderate: thorax decidedly widest before} nar-
rowest at the posterior angles, with small, close set
punctures, anda longitudinal, obsolete, impressed
line: elytra united, the line of the suture distinet,
with acutely impressed, punctured striz ; interstitial
lines flat, with very minute punctures: wings imper-
fect, shorter than the elytra: beneath piceous.

©

COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS. 241

_ Length 2 of an inch.

I obtained this handsome and curious species in
East Florida. —

»3.. Hs tenuicollis.. Blackish ; terminal joint of the
antenne fulvous; thorax cylindrical. .

Body elongated, brownish-black : eyes large: an-
tenne rather short; fifth joint obviously shorter than
the fourth ; terminal joint fulvous: thorax minutely
and equally punctured; narrow, sub-cylindric, slight-
. ly wider in the middle, equally wide at base and tip ;
narrower than the elytra: e/ytra with rather wide and
profound strie, which are punctured ; interstitial
lines narrow, convex: beneath piceous: anterior
tibize slightly arcuated.

Length 3 an inch.

This species resembles a Upis, in the form of the
thorax.

4. H. aratus. Body short, moderately convex ;
‘third joint of the antenne rather shorter than the
fourth and fifth united ; lateral thoracic edges rectili-
. near.

Head punctured densely : antennz dark testaceous:
thorax dull metallic greenish, slightly tinged with
purplish; thickly punctured, punctures rather large ;
angles sub-acute; lateral edges rectilinear: elytra
slightly purplish, brassy, with punctured striz, and
smaller punctures on the intermediate spaces: be-
neath blackish: peetus punctured on each side, with
small, close set, longitudinal. impressed lines: feet —
reddish-testaceous at base.

Length } of an inch.

249, COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS.

I am indebted for this species to Mr. Jno. S. Skin-
ner, editor of the American Farmer, who received it
from a correspondent, with a note, stating that they
had been found on the body of the peach eri jee
below the surface of the ground.

Cierra Fabr.
vs

1. C. obscura. Blackish-brown, with short hairs ;
antenns and feet dusky rufous; striz of the ee not »
deeply impressed.

Cistela obscura, Melsh. Catal.

Body oblong, varying in colour from a light: brown
to a blackish, with numerous short pale hairs arising
from punctures: head transversely a little indented
between the antenne: antennx moderate, dark ru-
fous: palpi rufous: thorax with the posterior angles
sub-acutely rounded: elytra with slightly impressed
strie, their punctures profound: beneath piceous,”
and, excepting the pectus, punctured: feet rather
paler, somewhat rufous. ;

Length ¢@ less than } @ more than 5, of an inch.

The male in my specimens is of a paler colour than
the female. It differs from the atra, Nob. by having .
the strix of the elytra much less deeply impressed. —

The palpi are all terminated by a joint formed like
a reversed triangle; it therefore belongs more =
ly to the genus allecula of authors. os

2. C. atra. Blackish-brown, with short ive: ;
strie of the elytra deeply impressed.

Cistela atra, Melsh. Catal.

et

COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS. 243

_ Body nearly black, with a tinge of brown, with
numerous*short blackish hairs, arising from punc-
tures: head transversely indented between the eyes;
antennx dark fuscous, nearly half as long as the body,
terminal joints somewhat ovate, and slightly patiolat-
ed: thorax with the posterior angles sub-acutely
rounded : e/yéra with rather deeply impressed, punc-
tured striz : beneath dark rufo-piceous.

Length 53, of an inch.

It may be distinguished from the preceding, by the
form of the terminal joints of the antenne, as well as
by the more deeply impressed striw.

ay

Morpeuia, L. Fabr,.

1. M. frifasciata. Testaceous, disk of the thorax
.and three bands on the elytra black.
Mordella trifasciata, Melsh. Catal.

_ Body pale testaceous: head immaculate: thorax
with the disk and anterior margin black : edytra with
a black band at base, irregular on its posterior edge,
and extending a short distance down the suture ;
another on the middle, rather narrower at the suture,
and a third at tip: beneath, excepting the pectus,
dull planta slightly. yellowish sericeous : feet pale.

Length of an inch.
_. 2..M. attenuata. Pale rufous; thorax with a black
spot; elytra black, with an abbreviated rufous vitta.
Description. Body rufo-testaceous: antennz black,
four basal joints pale rufous : thorax with a large black
spot on the anterior disk: elytra black, a rufo-testa-

244 COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS.

ceous vitta, commencing at the middle of the base
where it is broadest, and gradually attenuated to the

tip, which does not reach the middle; a sericeous

vitta extends the whole length in a particular light,
more distinct towards the tips postpectus, venter and
posterior feet piceous, sericeous: anterior and. ried
mediate feet pale rufous. pS
Length less than 4 of an inch. erie Mer

Anaspis, Geoff.

_ A. rufa. Entirely rufous, immaculate.

Mordella rufa, Melsh. Catal.

Body rather dull rufous, more obviously sericeous
on the elytra: beneath clearer rufous : feet somewhat
paler: antenne longer than the thorax.

Length more than +, of an inch.

Antuicus, Fabr. €

1. A. constrictus. Black; elytra dark rufous at
base; thorax very much contracted behind the middle.

Description. Head black, polished: antennex black-
ish-piceous: thorax black, polished, very profoundly
contracted behind the middle, bilobate, anterior lobe
much the larger: elytra dull rufous, gradually bes
coming darker towards the tip, which is almost black 5°
with regular series of impressed punctures: thighs
blackish, rather dilated: tibix dull rufous.

Length , of an inch.

Differs from cinetus, Nob. by having the thorax
much more profoundly contracted, and in being des-
titute of any cinereous band, or terminal spot.

*

COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS. 245

2. A. bifaseiatus. Rufous; elytra with a black
band and tip. - ¥

Head dethes than the thorax: antennzx and palpi
paler than the head: thorax gradually narrowed be-
hind, not abruptly contracted: elytra irregularly
punctured; a black band on the middle, a little di-
_ lated on the outer margin, and slightly interrupted
at the suture ; 5a terminal black band: beneath pale
rufous.

Length +, of an inch.’

Comes near to basilaris, Nob. ; but, in addition to
its difference in having the elytra banded, the base
of these wing shee*hs is not turgid, as in that species.
I obtained a specimen in East Florida, when in that
country with Mr. Maclure’s party.

* 3. A. pallidus. Pale; elytra with a broad band
and narrow suture, blackish:

Head and thorax pale ochreous; the latter with a
moderate longitudinal groove, and gradually narrowed.
towards the base; the lateral curvature behind the
middle being somewhat con¢ave : elytra pale yellow-
ish; basal margin dusky ; a dilated blackish band on
the middle much dilated on the exterior margin, and
at the suture; on both of which, it extends ina narrow

‘Tine to the base and tip; punctures not distinct: be-

neath pale rufous: feet whitish.
Length 4 of an inch.
This may be distinguished by its thoracic groove,
pale colour, single band, and marginal lines.
4. A. politus: Blackish; thorax not narrowed.
behind; elytra bright rufous.

VOL. V.—NOVEMBER, 1826. 32

a
XB

246 -—=-CoLMoPTEROUS!INSROTSs: , :

Body with rather long hairs : a &
tenne dull rufous : thorax blackish, rather shortsnot

obviously narrowed behind ; a transverse cata
line at base : elytra impunctured, polished,

bright rufous, at tip neni pointed and. blackish :

Jeet bright rufous. ett jhiggline

Length more than $, of an ia gt tenet

The form of the thorax and elytra of ctehemone® “
are quite different from those of the preceding —

species.

» 5. As lugubris.” Black, impunctured 5 --teeettgeal
ininta, of the antenn® and. mouth att 1 ei eke at

Inhabits Missouri.

. Body. black, impunctured, slightly suk head
polished: antenne a. little serrate, two basal j
obscure rufous: mouth obsolete piceous: +.
polished, transversely oval, orbicular, a distinet im- ~
pressed transverse line at base: elytra opaque, rather
hairy, with minute transyersely-confluent punctures.

Length less than } of an inch. ih giant ne)

Found near Fort Osage. B22 Retin
6. A. collaris. . Black; thorax rufous; ‘vo basal
joints of the antenna at tip dull rufous ; Paniornad

‘Inhabits Missouri. ty ieee aightbng

Body black, impuncturedsia little hairy antenne .
a little serrate, two basal joints dull rufous at tips:
mouth pale, palpi dusky: thorax. transversely oval-
orbicular, rufous, polished, a transverse impressed
basal line : elytra hairy, with sentamtanionss oat
jar punctures... © «ly la

Length | of an inch...

©

&

&

COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS. » 947

~ Distinguished. from one ne by ye colour of
the thorax. ©

Ve Ay testisincaliaen’ Black, punctured ; Siceks ru-
fous ; elytra yellowish-white at tip. :

Inhabits Missouri. '

Body black, punctured, with abet hair: head
polished, impunctured: antenne black-brown: /a-
brum and mouth yellowish white: maxillary palpi
dusky at tip: thorax rufous, transversely oval, im-
punctured, a transverse impressed basal line: e/ytra
with transversely confluent punctures, a yellowish-
white terminal aig ye rufous : niet
beneath.

- Length more than } of an inch.

Found'in Missouri and Arkansaw.

8. A. dabiatus. Black, exterior ‘margin of the
thorax, clypeus, ee and basal pointe of the feet
rufous. ” '

~ Inhabits Missouri Territory. —

~ Bodyblack, with minute punctures? head shachctieky
piceous on the vertex, a little indented akove the an-
tenne: antenne filiform, somewhat serrate, two first
joints rafous: clypeus, dabrum, and mouth, rufous:
mandibles black: thorax punctures sparse, a longitu-
dinally oval rufous spot on the lateral margin, and a
transverse impressed line and spot at base: scutel
rounded at tip: elytra densely punctured, tip mu-
eronate, and with an indented spot: core and tro-
chanters rufous : pectus — a lateral, pram a
black spot.

Length about 75 of an ts:

*

248 COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS.

Taken on the lower Missouri, near Fort Osage:
closely allied to the three preceding species.

9. A. impressus. Black; thorax rufous; an in-
dented spot at the tip of each elytra. Kee,
Inhabits Pennsylvania. kh

Mouth, antennx, two basal joints, and palpi at
base, dark rufous: thorax rufous; with a longitudinal
slightly impressed line : e/ytra densely and irregularly
punctured ; a large profound, indented, oval impunc-
tured spot at the sutural tip of each elytra.

Length 5% of an inch. “

Resembles A. collaris, but is distinguished agit its
somewhat larger size, and the profoundly impressed
spot. at the tip of each elytra. I found this species
early in May, attached to the side of a Meloe angus-

ticollis, which was perfectly at rest upon the ground, ~ |

not appearing to be in the slightest degree incom-
moded by the weight of its temporary parasite, but
seeming rather pleased with its society. ‘This species
and the /ugubris, collaris, terminalis, and labiatus,
differ much, from the other species of the genus that.
have come under my observation ; but as they appear
to me to approach more closely to this genus than to
any other, I place them here for the present.

AntTurisus, Fabr. a9 99

1. A. notatus. Black; head, ‘thorax éach side
before, and elytra at base and tip, with a gray spot.
Anthribus notatus, Melsh. Catal. page

Head entirely gray above : antennx piceous-black :

4

COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS: 249

thorax with & an irregular gray spot each side before,
connected by a line of the same colour on the anterior
margin; about four very small obsolete gray spots, of
which one is each side near the base, and the others
near the middle + elytra with a longitudinal, irregular
gray spot at ‘the base of each, a smaller one near the
subsutural middle, and a band at tip: tibiw with a
gray band on the middle: tarsi first joint gray: venter
gray at tip, with three black dots each side. .

‘Length i of an inch.

, This species is not common.

20 A. capillicornis. Blackish; antenne elongated,
very slender; elytra with black spots.

Anthribus capillicornis, Melsh. Catal.

Body brownish-black : head with small dense punc-
tures, plane, not elevated between the eyes : antennx
much elongated, nearly two-thirds the length of the
body ; basal joints dull rufous at the incisures: ¢horax
with small dense punctures, immaculate, elevated line
of the posterior margin, parallel with the edge, en-
tire: elytra with punctured strix ; interstitial lines
with quadrate, velvet black spots: éibiz with an ob-

‘solete gray barid.
» ~ Length of an inch.

The antenne are very long and slender; rr in
other respects they resemble those of the neighbouring
species.

3. A. 4-notatus. Blackish; a humeral ne and
eommon band, dull rufous.

_ Anthribus 4-notatus, Melsh. Catal.
_ Head with dull yellowish: hair; a little elevated

3
&

250 ‘GOLEOPTEROUS INSECTS.

between the eyes: antennz shorter than the th
piceous.at base: thorax slightly varied with the. fel.
lowish hair; punctures rather large ; line of the pos-
terior margin, nearly parallel to the edge, entire:
elytra with strie of large punctures; a dull. rufous,
irregular, humeral spot, and an abbreviated common
band of the same colour behind the middle on the
posterior declivity are several somewhat elevated tu-
bercles, of which the superior is largest : tibia annu-
late with testaceous, more sobuiene on the. bio Wy"
pair. :
Var. a. Abbreviated bend of the elytra etiyish:
Length more than ;3;,0f an inch. .
4. A. limbatus. . Testaceous; rostrum hens strive
of the elytra sub-acute, with small punctures.
Anthribus limbatus, Melsh. Catal. le, Syed
Body vafo-testaceous, with short pale ochreous hairt
Sront alittle convex: rostrum short : antennz rufous:
thorax with the line of the posterior margin promi-
nent, a little undulated, approaching the) posterior
edge in the middle: elytra, strie narrow, ane
not large: beneath dusky : feet rufous. > Ste
Length ,3, of an inch. Ki

>

5. A. alternatus. Robust; elytra witha series s of °

alternate gray and. black spots.

Body short and thick, densely a brownie
cinereous: head plane, not prominent between the
eyes : antennx moderate, pale rufous, three last joints
fuscous: thorax with a few black spots; elevated line
of the posterior margin not prominent, placed near,
and parallel to the posterior edge : edytra with punc-

° oe INSECTS. 251
_ tured nivel alternate intenssicied lines, with alternate
~ black and gray spots: feet rufous; thighs perce tir
bie with about two dusky bands. '
© Length 35 of an inch. Lk
This may readily be distinguished ftom A. eapilli-
: cornis, by the much shorter antenne, and more oirest
e form of body.

6. A. variegatus. Vexind; with blackish and dull.
yellowish ; elytra; each with two larger spots.

Anthribus variegatus, Melsh. Catal.

,, Body dull ochreous, varied with blackish, with very
short hair: head plane, dusky, paler towards the tip:
» wtenne moderate, pale rufous, three terminal joints
fuscous: thorax much varied with. blackish, which
does not extend on the anterior margin: e/ytra with
hardly obvious strie, with many small orbicular,
blackish spots, and two larger spots on each, of which
one is near the sutural base, and the other rather be-
_yond the middle, near the suture: feet ~~ rufous : |
thighs blackish in the middle. eet

Length more than ;', of an inch.

. The two spots of each elytron are sometimes sie
by an intervening blackish sutural line.

The species is not uncommon, and I have found it
onthe “smut” of wheat. Mr. Lea took eighty in--
dividuals from. six heads of wheat.

7. A. tomentosus. Body short, blackish, tibix .
rufous. oe,

_Anthribus tomentosus, Melsh. Catal. _.
Body robust, short, dark reddish-brown, covered
by short, yellowish-cinereous hair: head on the ver-

352 COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS.

tex and between the eyes a little convex: antennx _
rufous, at tip fuscous: thorax rather convex trans-
versely in the middle, a little depressed before the _
base; posterior angles acute: e/ytra with punctured
stri#, immaculate: tibix rufous; terminal joint of the
tarsi blackish. ae)

Length less than +’, of an inch. ; : &

This species does not appear to be common. It is
much smaller than either of the preceding.

' ArreLasus, Fabr. Dej. a4

1. A. pubescens. Dull rufous, with short yellow
down. Bante

Attelabus pubescens, Melsh. Catal.

Body above dull rufous, the whole surface covered
with thick set, somewhat matted, short yellowish
down: head with very small punctures at base, and
large ones at tip; an elevated frontal longitudinal
line: rostrum much contracted between the antenne,
dilated before : thorax with an indentation each side
of the middle: e/ytrastriate, and with irregular pune-
tures: venter nearly naked: feet naked, bright rufous.

Length about } of an inch, 4

This species is not uncommon. D. Melsheiier
found it on the leaves of the Corylus americana. —

2. A. seutellaris. Black; antenne and tarsi ru-
fous; scutel white.

Body deep black, much punctured :. head shiet be-
hind the eyes, with distant punctures, more dense on
the rostrum: antenne rufous: thorax with numerous _

COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS. 253

dense punctures: seutel white: elytra slightly hairy,
with punctured striz ; the interstitial lines crenate:
feet piceous : thighs with a slight anee on the inferior
middle : tarsi rufous.

Length ,, of an inch.

I obtained two specimens on the Kalmia latifolia ie
July. It is a small species. ;

Apion, Herbst.

hs A. rostrum. Black ; thoracic punctures large,
dense ; an impressed line, ind punctures between the
eyes. t

Rhynchites ebilies Melsh. Catal.

Body entirely black: vertex impunctured: front
with large punctures, and a longitudinal impressed.
line; an impressed longitudinal line between the an-
tenne: thorax with large, concave, close set punc-
tures; an impressed, abbreviated line on the middle
of the posterior sub-margin : e/yéra striate, the striae.
rather wide, punctured, interstitial lines flat, topped
with a single series of small hairs.

Length from the tip of the rostrum less than 5% of
an inch. ."

This is a very abundant species. Dr. J. F,, Mel-
sheimer found it on the leaves of the Ropinta pseud-
acacia; and Dr. Harris of Milton, Massachusetts, in-
forms me that it occurs imall its stages in the seed”
vessels of the wild Indigo, ( ‘Baptisia tinctoria, ) in the
months of August and September. "have also taken
it in plenty on that plant, It seems to be allied to

VOL. V.—NOVEMBER, 1826. 33

_

-

254 COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS.

the A. nigrum, Herbst., but it does not agree with
his figure, nor sufficiently well with his description.

Bracuycerus, Oliv. Fab.
-_B. humeralis. Body inequal, with punctures fur-
nishing small hairs; humeral angles advanced.

Inhabits Arkansa.

Body black, punctured, and with minute punctures
furnishing short, robust, filiform, white remote hairs:
head transversely indented at the base of the very
short rostrum, and with a very profoundly impressed
abbreviated frontal line: antennx, terminal joint oval
acute: thorax inequal, widest in the middle, punc-
tures dilated, preceded each side by small tubercles ;
anteriorly profoundly excavated, for the reception of
the proboscis: elytra with double series of dilated
punctures, each puncture preceded by an obtuse
slightly elevated tubercle, and each double series
punctures above separated by a slightly elevated in-
terstitial line: Awmeral angles projected forwards,
and embracing the lateral base of the thorax’; Ne a
at tip, and rugged.

Length 5% of ch.

Male more nA of an inch.

Not uncommon on the sterile country near the head
waters of the Arkansa river ; where I obtained a few
specimens, when with major Long’s party. ”

It is remarkable by the profound excavation in the
anterior face of the trunk, for the reception of the
rostrum ; the antenue also do not perfectly agree with

COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS. 255

those of the genus ; these and other distinctions would
- authorize the formation of a new subgenus, which may
be named ——.

Bosrricuus, Fabr.

1. B. exesus. Rufous; elytra excavated at tip,
each six or eight toothed.

Bostrichus exesus, Melsh. Catal.

- Body with short, numerous, ochraceous hairs: head
ferruginous, with numerous small elevations: antennx,
club rather large: thorax ferruginous, rough, with
numerous elevated points before ; behind with rather
distant punctures: elytra darker rufous than the tho-
rax, with punctured strie; punctures. large, trans-
verse; posterior declivity excavated, with large punc-

tures, and armed on each side with six or eight teeth ;
the first and third being sometimes obsolete, the fifth
a little larger.

Length more than 3 of an inch.

Eats a straight, zig-zag, or waved passage between
the bark and wood of the yellow pine, (Pinus mitis,
Micuavx,) when cut down or decaying: they are nu-
merous, and many die when perfect, being unablejto
cut a passage through the bark. :

2. B. fasciatus. Blackish; thorax at base mar ing
on the elytra, ferruginous. ty

Bostrichus fasciatus, Melsh. Catal..

Body brownish-black: thorax rough before, with
slightly elevated ruge, and with a few hairs; behind
glabrous, impunctured, and pale ferruginous: ely¢ra :

256 COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS.

destitute of strie, punctures obsolete ; basal half pale
ferruginous; sutural region dusky ; posterior declivity
hairy, slightly truncated, towards the suture indented.
Var. a. Band of the elytra occupying the greater
~ of the surface, and of a clay colour. From
nipuxent. | /

Length more than {', of an inch.

3. B. zylographus. Rufous; elytra with series
of punctures and short me on the posterior de-
clivity.

_ Bostrichus xylographus, Melsh. Catal.

~ Body somewhat polished, a little hairy, rufous:
thorax rugous to the middle, on the centre of which
is an obtuse, hardly raised tubercle, behind which the
surface is smooth, with a few very small punctures:
elytra with series of slightly impressed punctures, the
interstitial lines with minute. punctures, furnishing
hairs ; posterior declivity not truncate, but with small
denticulations on the interstitial lines. —

Length much less than 3, of an inch.

This insect is abundant in forests of the pine,
(Pinus mitis, Mx.,) to which it is very destructive.
Immediately beneath the bark, on the wood, it exca- _

_ vites a rectilinear groove, with short, equal, pig
grooves at right angles with the preceding. — BF.
. It-varies considerably in size. a
ro politus. Rufous, with rather long tis
elytra entire. ‘7

Apate politus, Melsh. Catal. : re! 7

Thorax with ts gc rather distant points before,

4

COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS. 257

gradually disappearing towards the base: elytra punc-
tured, punctures not in regular series; tip aang
feet yellowish: tibixw narrowed at tip.

Length more than +; of an inch.

5. B. pini. Dark chesnut; elytra ested a '
tip, each about four toothed.

Rertelehass tne mney sen 2 mate. ¢ Catal.

Ye eee pini,.

_ Body somewhat hairy, chesnut. brown: head swish
minute elevated points: antennz pale rufous : thorax
punctured, more particularly hairy before, and on
each side ; before the middle, with numerous small
elevated points, more acute towards the anterior
margin: e/ytra more particularly hairy each side,. with
strie of transverse punctures ; interstitial lines:im-
punctured ; tip truncated obliquely, and excavated ;
the exterior edge on each side, with four denticula-
tions, of which the second from above: is the largest,
and the inferior one is smallest, and most acute; there
are sometimes. two. very small ones above, near the
suture. oy

Length ,§ ae of an inch, .

This. species is very closely allied to 2B. exesus,
It is very destructive to many species of Pine. Mr,
Z. Collins informs me that it depredates on the Larch,
(Pinus pendula, ? Aron.) . Dr. J. Mease recs
exhibited to me some sections of limbs of the Ive
pine (Pinus strobus) trees, which decorate the wh

ips
,

injsred by the Sree of this insect, avin

53 j ng taxed Feet na ty KP * Sao Serge

958 COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS.

‘Hytonevs, Latr. -

H. dentatus. Head plane; body reddish-brown ;
elytra with impressed, punctured striz. bikes

_ Head blackish, with short hairs : antenne rufous
thorax blackish, passing into dull rufous at base ; with
numerous hairs rather shorter than those of the head ;
punctured : elytra dull rufous, with numerous short
hairs ; striate, the strie deeply impressed, and giving
the prominent basal ‘edge 'a dentate appearance ; m-
terstitial lines rough, with raised points, which are
more prominent and destitute towards the tip: We.
neath dark reddish brown : feet ee

Length nearly 3, of an inch. re

Resembles the frontalis Fabr.; but the head is des-
titute of spines, and the elytra are less prominently
aculeate. I have recently received an individual
from Dr. T. W. Harris of Milton, Massachusetts.

Pine Se os rive

melts: cnt

A. punctatus. Black-brown 3 posterior aecetiity
of the elytra carinate on the exterior sub-margin.

' Apate punctatus, Melsh. Catal.

_ Body confluently punctured: head rough: anteniip
piceous, three exterior joints yellowish, decidedly
transverse : thoraz. before rough, with elevated, thick
points, which disappear towards the base, | and are
there supplied by discoidal punctures ‘elytra with
large, impressed punctures, which can hardly be
traced into a series; tip rather abruptly declining,

COLROPTEROUS INSECTS. 259

é
with prostrate yellowish hairs, and a carinate line on
the exterior sub-margin.
Length more than %, of an inch,

_ CLYPEASTER, And. Latr.

C. fasciatus. Thorax yellowish, with a dusky
disk ; elytra black, with a yellowish band.

, Body rather oblong-oval, depressed, with fine
prostrate hairs: antennz dusky at tip: thorax honey-
yellow, blackish on the disk; anterior margin regu-
larly rounded ; posterior Margin but little undulated :
elytra very obtusely rounded at tip, almost truncate,
black, with a honey yellow band a little beyond the
middle, and the edge of the tip somewhat dull yel-
lowish : beneath dusky : feet honey-yellow.

Var. a. Elytra honey-yellow, with a.paler band.

Length about zs of an. inch.

I refer this little insect to the present genus, by its
form of - It is very like a small Cassipa, and
the head is equally concealed by the clypeiform tho-
rax.

~ Ceryion, Latr.

C. castaneum.. “Reddish. -brown, punctured, palpi
bright yellowish ; elytra striate.
Inhabits the United States.
_ Body reddish-brown, punctured, sbinene anten-
nzx paler: palpi pale reddish-yellow, polished: thorax
widely and slightly indented at base, each side of the

260 COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS.

4 -
middle; punctures numerous distinct, posterior angles
rectangular: seufel transversely linear: elytra with
the strie impressed, punctured. .
Length rather more than of an inch.
This species is not uncommon. I have found it in
various parts of the Union, and as far west as Missouri.

Myceropuacus, Fabr.

1. M. punctatus. Blackish; elytra rufous, with
a large dot; scutel and tippblack.
- Mycetophagus punctatus, Knoch., J. F. Melshei-
mers = *

Body blackish-piceous, with short hairs antenne
and mouth piceous: thorax immaculate, with a small
indentation each side, on the basal margin: seutfel
black: elytra with punctured stri# ; rufous; region
of the scutel black ; a large black spot on the middle,
confluent with the lateral margin, and ge@xtending on
that part to the humerus, and in the ==
tion to a large subterminal black band; a small Colints
tip.

Length more than } of an inch.

2. M. flecuosus. Blackish; elytra rufous, undu-
lated with black.

Mycetophagus flexuosus, Melsh. Catal. tend

Body blackish-piceous, with short hairs : antiaei,
terminal joint fulvous: thoraz indented each side on
the posterior margin: elytra with punctured striz,
yellowish rufous; a transverse quadrate black spot on
the region of the seutel; a small rounded one on the

COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS. 261
é

humerus ; a large irregular one on the exterior mid-
dle, sometimes not interrupted by the suture, and a
large black spot on the tip, enclosing a small fulvous
spot: beneath pale ene

Length more than 5% of an inch,

Closely allied to the preceding, but is much smaller,
and the markings are always different.

3. M. 6-punetatus. Blackish; elytra with three
spots of yellowish hairs.

' Mycetophagus 6-punctatus, Melsh. Catal.

Body blackish-brown, with short yellowish seri-
ceous hairs: antennzx with the three last joints larger ;
labrum yellowish : thorax with an abbreviated, obso-
lete longitudinal line on the posterior margin, each
_ side: elytra with regular series of hairs, more obvious
towards the exterior margin; a dense group of hairs
on the middle of the base, forming a spot on that part ;
a subsutural one is before, and another behind the
middle: beneath piceous: tarst paler.

Length rather less than 7, of an inch.

Very distinct from the preceding.

4. M. didesmus. Blackish ; elytra with two bands
and obsolete tip, pale rufous.

Body blackish-piceous,, with short yellowish-seri-
eeous hairs: head piceous: antennz somewhat clavate:
thorax with the posterior angles rounded : elytra with
a pale rufous, slightly oblique band near the base, and
another beyond the middle ; ; A obsoletely oe ru-
fous : feet pale.

Length rather less than 3; 1s of an inch.
"VOL. V.— NOVEMBER, 1826. ° 34

Pipe ss

262 COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS.

Lycrus, Fabr.

1.L. reflexus. Chesnut; thorax punctured, slight-
ly narrower behind ; elytra striate.

Inhabits Pennsylvania.

Lyetus americanus ? Melsh. Catal.

Head with numerous, large, deep. punctures; a
longitudinal rather wide indented line each side, near
the eyes: antenne rather robust, shorter than the
thorax: thorax with large numerous punctures, gra-
dually a little narrowed behind, without any im-
pressed line or elevation ; lateral edge dusky: sewte/
convex, rounded : elytra with somewhat large strie,
in which are large punctures; terminal edge reflected.

Length ,°, of an inch.

2. L. geminatus. Thorax lopentoatigally indented:
strie of the elytra geminate.

Inhabits Pennsylvania.

Body depressed, dark reddish-brown, with short,
prostrate hairs: head punctured: antenne rather
robust, with short hairs: thorax gradually a little
narrowed behind, with numerous large punctures;
middle of the disk widely indented longitudinally:
scutel convex, rounded : elytra depressed above ; im-
pressed strie placed in pairs ; interstitial lines punc-
tured. .

Length ,% of an inch. )

3. L. hamatodes. Thorax with two indented
lines; elytra with large, deep punctured striz.

Lyctus hematodes ? Fabr.

Body dark reddish-brown, a little dondanilt head

COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS. 263

with large, not profound punctures; an indented lon-
gitudinal space each side, between the antenne : an-
tenne short, robust: thorax with large, somewhat
deep punctures, and two dilated, parallel, indented
lines on the disk; margin a little elevated, in the
middle contracted : elytra with dilated profound strie
or grooves, in which are dilated, not deeply impressed
punctures ; interstitial lines narrow, prominent.

Length less than 3, of an inch.

This certainly approaches the description of L.
hzmatodes, Fabr., and probably is the same; but as
he describes that species to be carinated on the tho-
rax, I have made out the above description, that those
who have an opportunity, may compare.

I obtained many specimens under loose bark of the
yellow-pine, on Chinquoteage Island, in October.

The three species above described, correspond with
the characters of the genus Brroma, of Herbst, in
having the antennz shorter than the head and thorax,
and the mandibles not very obviously projecting ; yet
they appear to me to be very properly retained in
the present genus.

Corypium, Fabr.

1. C. parallelopipedum. Head with two tuber-
cles ; thorax with two elevations, and an elevated line
each side.

Colydium parallelopipedum, Melsh. Catal.

Body dull rufous; glabrous, punctured: head with
an indented, transyerse line, and two hardly promi-

264 COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS.

nent tubercles, often obsolete: ‘thorax quadrate,
rather longitudinal; two tubercles before, which
gradually dilate and disappear behind ; lateral sub-
margin, with an elevated line hardly attaining to the
base, and extending on the anterior edge, so as to
join the opposite line ; exterior edge a little reflected ;
anterior angles prominent: e/ytra with hardly im-
pressed, ‘punctured striz, becoming small behind:
feet pale rufous.

Length less than } of an inch.

This seems to be allied to C. bidentatum, Fabr., of
South America.

2. C. longiusculum. Dark brownish ; antenne and
feet rufous; thorax punctured.

Colydium longiusculum, Melsh. Catal.

Body linear, slender, elongated, dark reddish-
brown: head blackish, eminently punctured; nasus
dull rufous : entennzx bright rufous: thorax cylindric,
long, minutely punctured, blackish: e/ytra with large,
deep striz, in which are transverse puncturess inter-
stitial lines convex: beneath blackish: feet bright
rufous. A pee gan

Length } of an inch.

3. C. lineola. Dark brownish; antenne and feet
rufous; thorax with an impressed line.

Colydium lineola, Melsh. Catal.

Body linear, slender, elongated, dark reddish
brown: head blackish, dull rufous before, minutely
punctured : antenne rufous: thorax cylindric, long,
minutely punctured, blackish, with a very obvious,
longitudinal, acutely impressed line on the back : e/y-

COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS. 265

tra with rather large, deep strie, and transverse
punctures, which crenate the interstitial lines: be-
neath rufous.

Length less than } of an inch.

Resembles. the preceding, but is smaller, and is
readily distinguished by the impressed line of the
thorax.

Larripius, Herbst.

L. pubescens. Reddish-brown ; thorax each side,
irregularly denticulated.

Inhabits Pennsylvania.

Latridius pubescens, Melsh. Catal.

Body irregularly punctured, with numerous scat-
tered hairs: thorax on the lateral edge having eight
or nine irregular denticulations: e/ytra without any
series of punctures or impressed line; hairs of the
lateral margin prominent.

Length nearly 5 of an inch,

- Very different from the species which I described
under the name of L. 8-dentatus, which has regular
series of punctures on the elytra.

Sitvanus, Latr.

S. dentatus. Thorax 6-toothed each side, and
with a double-indentation behind.

Latridius dentatus, Melsh. Catal. = ©

Body reddish-brown, depressed, punctured; pune-
tures small: head with a reflected edge each side,

266 COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS.

extending above the eye, and somewhat more promi-
nent over the insertion of the antennw: thorax with
two dilated, parallel, longitudinal indentations behind
the middle, and not reaching the base ; lateral edge
with six rounded teeth; the anterior and posterior
ones more acute: elytra with about four slighty ele-
vated lines, sub-sutural one obsolete.
Length ,% of an inch.

Syneuita, Hel.

1. S. 4-guttata. Blackish-brown ; thorax canali-
culate ; elytra each with two rufous spots.

Inhabits Arkansa and East Florida.

Body with short curved hairs: head at tip tinged
with rufous: thorax with a longitudinal groove each
side on the sub-margin, continued on the anterior
margin; lateral margin a little concave, the edge
denticulated: elytra with four dilated grooves, con-
taining double series of punctures, and a marginal
groove, containing but a single series of transverse
punctures; interstitial lines slender; each elytron
with an oblong longitudinal dull rufous spot at base,
and another beyond the middle.

Length less than ,% of an inch.

I obtained three specimens when with Major
Long’s party in Arkansa, and several occurred in
East Florida.

2. S. granulata. Thorax granulated ; lyr with
granulated interstitial lines.
Inhabits East Florida.

COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS. 267

Body blackish-brown: head granulated, somewhat
rufous before: antennzx rufous, joints of the capitulum
not distinctly separate: thorax covered with granu-
lations ; without grooves ; lateral edge denticulated :
elytra with regular series of elevated granulated striz,
and intervening, narrower, smooth ones.

Length less than ,% of an inch.

Very distinct from the preceding. I obtained but
a single specimen in Florida, and Mr. Nuttall pre-
sented me with three which he brought from Mis-
souri.

Cucusus, Fabr.

1. C. biguttatus. Dark reddish-brown ; antenne
more than half the length of the body ; elytra witha
large spot ; thorax with a lateral impressed line.

- Cucujus biguttatus, Melsh. Catal.

Head with numerous small punctures: thorax with
numerous small punctures, not obviously crenate on
the lateral edge, with an impressed line on the lateral
submargin; the margins slightly paler than the disk:
seutel pale: elytra with acute impressed strive; a
rather large, oval, pale spot somewhat before the
middle, chiefly included between the second and third
striz : beneath rufous.

Length more than ', of an inch.

This is a common insect. It isso much like the C.
bipustulatus of Panzer, that we find some hesitation
in admitting it to a distinct rank. That species,
however, judging from Panzer’s figure, has the lateral

268 COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS.

edges of the thorax obviously crenate, and the pale
elytra spot is much larger than in the present species.

2. C. modestus. Reddish-brown; antenne more
than half the length of the body ; thorax with a lateral
impressed line; elytra with punctured striae.

Head and thorax reddish-brown, with numerous
small punctures; the latter somewhat rounded, hardly
narrower behind, with an obvious impressed longitu-
dinal line on each lateral sub-margin: antennz con-
siderably more than half the length of the body: e/ytra
rather shorter than the abdomen, pale testaceous, im-
maculate ; strie obtuse, hardly impressed, with large
punctures: beneath reddish-brown.

Length more than ;, of an inch.

This small species occurs in East Florida, and was
obtained by Mr. Maclure’s party. It is about equal
in size to C. testaceus, Fabr., of Europe, but is a very
different species. In the form of its antennz, this
species approaches the genus BRonveEs.

t

Lamia, Fabr.

1. L. macula. Brownish; sides of the thorax _
spot on the elytra gray.

Cerambyx macula, Melsh. Catal. -

Head brownish above, grayish before, and ve on
the cheeks: antennz a little longer than the body,
dull rufous; the joints blackish at their tips: thorax
slightly inequal, with very obtuse, obsolete tubercles ;
lateral spine none, substituted by a hardly elevated
tubercle; above brownish, with two longitudinal,

COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS. 269

distant blackish lines; sides beneath the lines gray :
elytra punctured ; each with six lines of minute black
spots, one of which is at the suture, and another on
the lateral margin; a large triangular gray spot on
the lateral middle, rarely reaching the suture: thighs
clavate, black: ¢ibie dull rufous, annulate with dusky.
Length 55, of an inch.

This species frequently occurs.

2. L. 6-guttata. Elytra with minute elevated
points, and about six obsolete gray spots.

Lamia 6-guttata, Melsh. Catal.

Body brownish: antennz a little longer than the
body, obscure rufous; the joints dusky at their tips:
thorax a little inequal, with hardly elevated, very
obtuse tubercles ; lateral spine none, being substituted
by a slightly elevated tubercle: elytra punctured,
each with six lines of minute black spots, which are
each elevated, reflected, and acute; about six obsolete
gray spots on each, of which one is sub-marginal be-
hind the humerus, a minute one is upon the middle,
and, the third is small, subsutural, and behind the
middle: thighs clavate, blackish: tibiz dull rufous,
annulate with dusky.

Length nearly ,% of an inch.

This species resembles the preceding, but it may
be distinguished by the want of the large gray lateral
spot of the elytra, and more essentially by being
armed with reflected points on the elytra. It also
resembles the L. aculifera, nobis, but is destitute of
the whitish elytral band, and the general form of the

body is different from either, being less robust.
VOL. V.—NOVEMBER, 1826. 35

270 — INSECTS.

3. L. dasycerus. Antenne hairy beneath ; elytra
with minute elevated points.

Body \ight brownish-cinereous: antennz a little
longer than the body, with rather long, close-set haits
on the inferior side : thorax without obvious tubercles;
with two obsolete, longitudinal, approximate, brown
lines: e/ytra with a common arcuated: black line, ex-
tending from one humerus te the other; numerous, »
rather large, irregular punctures; a few series of
distant elevated black points; an obsolete common
white band behind the middle: thighs clavate: tibia
not annulated.

Length ,% of an inch.

This may be distinguished from either of the be-
fore mentioned species, by the pendant hair of the
inferior side of the antenne, &c. The white band is
sometimes altogether wanting; and if very closely
examined, the black points of the elytra will be found
to consist of fasciculated hairs.

4. L. alpha. Elytra each with a white oblique
line extending, backwards from the middle of the
suture.

Cerambyzx analis ? Melsh. Catal.

Body dull reddish-brown: head lonciaudinally
deeply indented on the vertex : antennz considerably
longer than the body; incisures blackish: thorax
above, destitute of tubercles, but with three small
black spots, placed 2, 1; a short tubercle, abruptly
acute at tip, each side before the posterior angles,
which are emarginate 3 posterior margin with a trans-
verse indented line : seutel blackish: e/ytrairregular-

COLOPTEROUS INSECTS. 271

ly punctured ; a few black dots, consisting of tufts of
hair, chiefly along the suture; region of the scutel
dusky ; a blackish marginal abbreviated line from the
humerus; a blackish line margined with gray, extends
from the middle of the suture, obliquely backwards,
towards the exterior margin.

Length nearly , of an inch.

This. species is. not very rare in Pennsylvania; I
also obtained one in the N. W. Territory.

‘5. L. faceta. Blackish; elytra yellowish-white,
with four blackish bands.

Antennz nearly twice as long as the body: thorax
equal, with an acute spine’ each side, near the pos-
terior angles, which are emarginate; a gray mark
behind the middle, in the form of a W: elytra yel-
lowish-white ; a blackish band at base, decurrent be-
hind, along the suture ; a narrow oblique band before
the middle, not reaching the suture; a broad band
rather behind the middle, and another at tip: feet
ochreous.

Length ,% of an inch.

I have found this pretty little species on the com-.
mon Juniper, early in July.

6. L. spinosa. Covered with short, prostrate gray
hair; antenne gray and black.

Saperda spinosa, Melsh. Catal. ®

Head deeply indented between the antenne: /a-
brum pieeous : antenne longer than the body, black, :
each joint gray at base: thorax cylindrical, immacu-
late ; an acute, slightly recurved spine near the pos-
terior angles: elytra with numerous small impressed

272 COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS.

punctures, at tip truncated: venter with a series of
almost concealed black spots on each side.

Length more than ,°, of an inch.

The Seneral form is that of a SapeRrDA 3. but, agree-
ably to the generic characters, the spines of the tho-
rax determine the affinity,

SapPerpa, Fudr.

1. S. cingulata. Brownish-cinereous, with obso-
lete fulvous dots; elytra with a dull cinereous band.
Saperda cingulata, Melsh. Catal.

Body robust, covered with short prostrate hairs:
head varied with fulvous, a slender fulvous line around
the eye, a frontal indented line: antennx much longer
than the body, but not twice as long: thorax ob-
viously broader than long, slightly varied with ful-
vous: elytra with numerous, obsolete, small fulvous
dots ; at base and tip broadly reddish-brown ; a broad
cinereous, somewhat undulated band onthe middle.

Length 33 of an inch. '

This is not common. Occurs on the Hickory.

2. S. nigra. Entirely black, immaculate; elytra
irregularly punctured.

Saperda nigra, Melsh. Catal.

Head indented between the antenne, minutely
granulated: antenne much longer than the body:
thorax minutely granulated ; a transverse impressed
line on the anterior and posterior margin : elytra yery
minutely granulated, and with numerous, irregularly
placed, rather distant, profound punctures; tip,sim-

COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS. 273

ple: anterior thighs laterally we their tibiw
Seendipshety arcuated.

Length ,% of an inch.

The anterior thighs innit tibia are very obviously
arcuated.

3. S. fuscipes. ‘Hairy, hana 3 thorax with two
black vitte ; feet rufous. :

Saperda juishiie Melsh. Catal.

Body with rather long cinereous hair, punctured :
head not indented between the antennex : dabrum tes-
taceous: thorax as long-as broad, irregularly and
_ deeply punctured ; two longitudina Iblack vitte, oc-
casioned by the complete denudation of the parts:
elytra with numerous, close-set, irregularly disposed, ©
deeply impressed Sona 5 at tip rounded: feet dull
rufous.

Length 2 of an inch.

4. 8. 3-lineata. Densely covered with short pros-
trate hairs; antenne naked, black.

Sa ode cinera ;

Pi : Melsh. Catal.

Body densely clothed, with short, prostrate, green-
~ jsh-cinereous hairs: head a little tinged with yellow-
ish, with a longitudinal Jine: antennz quite naked
and black: thorax tinged with a little, yeHowish,
breadth hardly exceeding the length ; a longitudinal
black line before the middle: e/ytra immaculate,
rather acutely terminated.

Length ; of an inch.

5. S. vestita Very hairy ; brownish, varied with
grayish; antenne as long as the body.

274 COLEOPTEROUS INSECTs.

Body in every part with numerous long erect hairs,
_and shorter ones between them ; numerous punctures
placed irregularly: Aead not indented: labrum pi-
ceous: thorax with a short tubercle on each side:
elytra rounded at tip.
Length less than 3 of an inch.
‘This species might perhaps be xelameail to rh ge-

nus LAMIA.

6. S. obliqua. Elytra with four ieee elevated
dines. nia’ be
. Body yellowish-brown, or pale ferruginous: head
with an impressed line ; a broad fuscous line behind —
each eye: antennzx rather longer than the body, gray,
incisures fuscous; first joint rather thick, hairy, fus-
cous: thorax cylindrical, with four fuscous vitte :
elytra with numerous, subinequal, irregularly dis-
posed punctures ; four elevated, obtuse, parallel, ob-
lique lines, commencing at the exterior submargin,
and proceeding backward to the suture, the anterior
originating on the humerus ; tip mucronate.

Length ¢ of an inch.

This interesting species was brought by Mr. Tho-
mas Nuttall from Missouri.

Srexoconus, Fabr.

‘1. Se rigidus. ocetnaa.. antennae pve
spinous beneath. r

Body rather slender, ferniginayty with veryyshort
hairs: head, space between the antenne more ele-
vated ; a longitudinal impressed line: mandibles at

COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS. 975

tip black: antennez very robust, hairy, a little longer
than the body; with numerous spines beneath, par-
ticularly on the third or fourth basal joints: thorax
rounded, a little narrower before, widest behind the
middle: elytra very pale ferruginous ; without any
strie or punctures, instead of which, are very slight
depressions, furnishing very short hairs; on the mid-
dle of each elytron is a longitudinal obvious nervure +
tip acutely rounded: thighs, anterior ones more ro-
bust than the posterior pairs.

Length more than $ of an inch.

The spines on the inferior surface of the antennz,
are not confined to the tips of the joints, as in some
species, but occupy the surface from base to tip ; they
are obsolete on the first, second, and terminal joints.
The species is rare?

2. S. quadrigeminatus. Pale brown; elytra each
with two geminate spots; basal ones equal.

Body entirely pale yellowish-brown: antenne
hardly more obviously hairy on the basal joints than
on the others: thorax with two black tubercles above,
rather before the middle, placed transversely, and a
short spine each side on the middle of the length of
the thorax : elytra rather paler than the thorax ; each
with two double, somewhat elevated bright yellow,
abbreviated very short lines ; the two members of the
basal spot equal, the other spot is placed on the mid-
dle, and its inner member is shorter than the exterior
one ; tip two spined@the exterior spine longest : in-
- termediate and posterior thighs two spined at tip,
the inner spine rather longest.

276 COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS.

Length of an inch.

This insect is not uncommon. It is related to S.
4-maculatus, Fabr., S. maculosus, Fabr., S. didy-
mus, Oliv., all of South America, and S. stigma,
Oliv., of Cuba. It differs from the first, to which it

is more closely related than to either, by the equality
of the two members of the basal double spot of the
elytra, and by having only two tubercles on the back
of the thorax; from the maculosus it may be distin-
guished by its greater size and simple pale eolour;
from didymus by its smaller size, and not having the
third and fourth joints of the antenne more hairy than
the other joints; from stigma by having the basal
spot of the elytra double.

Cryrus, Fubr:

1. C. confusus. . Black, with spots of yellowish-
white ; feet rufous, tarsi and knees black.
Head covered with prostrate, short yellowish hair,
excepting a longitudinal line on the vertex : antennz
two-thirds the length of the body, black: thorax
covered with hair, excepting a dilated dorsal vitta,
and a narrow, obsolete longitudinal. line each side:
scutel covered with white hair : elytra with irregular,
inequal spots of short yellowish-white hair; of these
spots there is in many specimens, a series at the
suture, another on the middle, and a third on the
exterior submargin ; but in other specimens the’series
are obsolete, and in some, many of the spots. are con-

COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS. 277

fluent; tip truncate, emarginate: wings blackish: feet
rufous; knees, tarsi, and tip of the tibix black.
Length about % of an inch.

I obtained a small individual several years since in
this state, and my brother B. Say took a specimen
near Pleasant Mills, New Jersey, and I subsequently
obtained another in the N. W. Territory...

2. C. annosus. Black, with short gray airy a
triangular carina between the eyes.
Body black, covered with short, gray, ee eR

hair: head with a grooved prominence between the

eyes, terminating in a short carina: antennz but little
longer than the thorax: thorax witha naked dorsal
vitta: elytra with the hair more densely arranged in
some parts, so as to exhibit the appearance of small
spots, which are arranged in two bands, in each of
which are two spots each side, the second band is on
the middle; near the oc a are one or two common
spots; tip entire.
Length nearly 3. of an inch,
I received this species from Mr. P Nuttall, who
brought it from anourN

as ai Fabr.

C. cucuji-forme. Pale yellowish’ ween a little
contracted in the middle..
- Callidium cucuiiforme, Melsh. Catal.»

Body depressed : '

‘Head with a slight rufous tinge: antenne rather
shorter than the body, tinged with rufous: thorax

VOL. ¥.——NOVEMBER, 1826. 36

f

278 COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS.

longer than broad, obtusely contracted each side, ra-
ther before the middle : e/ytra irregularly punctured,
without elevated lines: thighs dilated : pectus with a
large discoidal, very bee uaa indented mind on each
side. :

Length «3 +5 Of an inch.

ss cit Linn. Fabr.

1..L. scalaris. Rufous, sericeous ; elytra slender,
with sericeous triangles along the suture. » |

Body elongated, rufous, more or less covered with
golden sericeous; impunctured: head with a trans-
verse indentation before, and a longitudinal indented
line ; space behind the eyes prominent: antennz ra-
ther more than half the length of the body: thorax
with a transverse impressed line before, and another
behind : elytra slender, concayely arcuated on the
outer edge behind the middle, rounded at tip, con-
siderably shorter than the abdomen; a darker rounded
spot on the middle, and an oblong one behind the
middle, so arranged as to exhibit two sutural golden-
sericeous triangles on each elytron: posterior thighs
blackish at tip: tergum longitudinally black in the
middle : beneath with brilliant golden sericeous hair.

Length 1 inch.

For this fine species I am indebted t to my friend,
. Prince Musignano, who obtained it near his summer
residence, at Point Breeze, New Jersey. It is much
like the CeramByx longipes of Drury, 1 pl. 37 fig.

COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS. 279

4, but the thighs are not spinous at tip, as in that
species.

2.L. nigrella. Blackish- “brown ; thorax cylin
eal.

Leptura nigra, Melsh. Catal.

Body punctured, somewhat pubescent: head with
confluent, small punctures; those of the nasus and
labrum sparse: anfenne more than two thirds the
length of the body: thorax cylindrical, very slightly
wider behind, punctured like the head; an obtuse,
lightly impressed, transverse line on the anterior sub-
margin, and another on the posterior submargin : e/y-
tra with very obvious, numerous punctures, which
are more particularly confluent near the base ; tip a
little truncated obpanely: negate dull avery seri-
ceous.

Length nearly 4%, of an inch. .

I received this species from Dr. J. F. Melsheimer,
under the name which I have here given; that of
nigra being preoccupied. The thorax approaches
the form of that of a Saperpa. &

3. L. pubera. Black ; thorax sub-globulars elytra
truncate at tip.

Leptura pubera, Melsh. Catal.

Body punctured, somewhat pubescent: head with
dense small punctures: antenne rather more than two
thirds the length of the body: thorax convex, with
rather large punctures: e/yéra with numerous, rather
large punctures, at tip transversely a little truncated:
beneath dull silvery sericeous.

~ Length 34 qo of an inch.

280 COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS.

This is very different from the preceding in the
form of the thorax, as well as in colour, -&c.

4, L. eerulea. Slender ; bluish; feet pale mufns.

Rhagium rufipes, Melsh. Catal. __

Body slender, punctured : head transversely much
indented near the nasus: palpi pale rufous: antenne
situated on a tubercle: thorax with a small tubercle,
rather behind the middle, on each side; an anterior
and posterior, transverse, impressed line: elytra
acutely rounded at tip : feet pale 1 rufous: beneath dull
plumbeous.

Length rather more than } an inch.

A very pretty little insect, belonging to the jbl
Toxorus, of Megerle. The name rufipes, is pre-
occupied i in this. genus. © x!

5. L. sphericollis. Black; thorax patie on
the posterior margin ; feet varied with yellowish. —

Body with very short hairs, somewhat sericeous :
labrum and anterior margin of the nasus yellowish :
mandibles and palpi yellowish, at tip piceous: thorax
globular in the 1 middle; anterior and posterior mar-—
gins much ‘contracted : elytra punctured ; the pune-
tures large at base, small towards the tip of the ely-
tra: feet yellowish ; thighs at tip, and tibie at — :
blackish. Ti

Length nearly 3 of an inch. i

_ Lreceived this insect from Mr. Charles Pickering,
of Salem, Massachusetts, to whom I returned for it
the name of L. pudbera; but on a strict comparison, I

_ find that by the form of the thorax, it is quite differ-
ent from that species, and much more:closely related —

COLROPTEROUS INSECTS. 281

to the L. ruficollis, nobis, from which it differs hasty
in the colour of the thorax. :

Onsopacwa, Latr.-

1.0. tripla. Rufous; feet yellowish; thorax den-
tate each side. -

Crioceres asparagi, Melsh. Catal.

Body rufous, punctured: Aead coarsely and con-
fluently punctured; before the antenne yellow: an-
tenn with the basal joints yellow at their tips: man-
dibles black at tip: thorax widest in the middle, with
coarse, confluent punctures; lateral edge with about

_ six unequal denticulations, of which the anterior one
is yellowish, and forms the anterior angle: e/ytra with
tripple series of rather large impressed punctures,
and alternate elevated lines: feet yellow ; tarsi rufous:
venter yellow in the middle.

Length from { to + of an inch.
Var. a. Elytra pale; abdomen yellow.

Crioceres flavida, Melsh. Catal.

Seems to belong to the genus Avenenta of Me-
gerle; but I have not seen the characters of that genus.

2. 0. hepatica. Head black 5 thorax rufous; ely-
tra brownish.

Head black: palpi and base of the alongs ella,
ish: thorax yellowish-rufous, larger before the mid-
dle, with scattered punctures ; anterior angles round-
ed: elytra liver colour, with numerous, irregularly
disposed, rather large punctures : beneath piceous:
feet yellowish. ie

282 COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS.

~ Length less than $ of an inch.
This species was brought from the Mississippi re-
gion, by Mr. Thomas Nuttall.

Donacta, Fabr.

1. D. guadricollis. Brassy green; thorax with the
impressed line and lateral tubercle, obsolete. —_

Head dull green bronze; frontal line very pro-
foundly impressed ; no distinct tubercles ; lateral lines
very distinct and definite: antenne nearly black 3

second joint but little shorter than the third: thoraz .

quadrate, very slightly narrower at base ; densely and

- confluently punctured ; the longitudinal line, as well
as the lateral tubercles, indistinct; colour brassy-
green : elytra a little inequal near the suture; slightly
truncated, and not decurved at tip; with regular dis-
tinct strie of punctures: beneath dusky silvery gray :
feet dull rufous; posterior thighs with a small tooth 5 3
all the thighs a little dusky above.

Length lessthan 2 of an inch. |

This spoil nearly equal i in size to the ice
Oliv., which is the D. anea of Melsh. Catal.; but
that common insect has the dorsal thoracic line and
lateral tubercles well defined, the third joint of the
antenne nearly double the length of the second, and
the tips of the elytra more profoundly emarginated 5
the thorax is moreover transverse. I may observe,
with respect to the palmata, that the male wrath has
the anterior tarsi dilated.

ae

COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS. 283

2. D. metallica. Cupreous; antenne and feet ru-
fous ; 2nd and 3d joints of the former equal.

Donacia metallica, Melsh. Catal.

Body above cupreous, polished: head densely
punctured, nearly opaque, with an acute impressed
line transversely indented in the middle; tubercles
and lateral lines none: antenne pale rufous; rather
short ; less than half the length of the body; with short
joints, the second and third equal, the fourth nearly
equal: thorax convex, gradually a little narrowed to
the base, decidedly longer than broad, very highly
polished, with very distinct scattered punctures, an
impressed acute line; lateral tubercle obtuse, obvious;
small tubercle of the anterior angle distinct from the
large tubercle, subacute; posterior submargin in-
dented: elytra, strie with impressed punctures; a
single obsolete indentation passes from the humerus
to the suture before the middle ; tip much decurved,
rounded : beneath greenish silvery : feet pale rufous :
posterior thighs with a broad. gos angle.

Length about <5, of an inch. :

Var. a. Antenne and feet dusky. ;

Var. b. Greens antenne and feet obscure rufous.

The thorax is more convex and polished than in
most other species. I have received a specimen from
Dr, T. W. Harris, of Milton, Massachusetts.

3. D2. rufa, Dull metallic rufous ; front destitute
of lateral impressed lines.

Body totally dull rufous, with a metallic gloss, par-
ticularly on the elytra: Aead dusky, almost opaque,
with much crowded, very small punctures; no ap-

284 - TESTUDO ELEPHANTOPUS.

pearance of tubercles; a very distinct impressed
frontal line extending down between the antenn ;
no appearance of impressed lines near the eyes? an-
tenn somewhat paler than the body, and about half
the length of the body; third joint distinctly Jonger
than the second: thorax longer than broad, minutely —
punctured ; longitudinal line very distinct, deeply
impressed ; a transverse’ impressed line on the pos-
terior submargin ; lateral tubercles rather prominent,
obtuse; tubercle of the anterior angle distinct” from.
the large tubercle, acute: e/ytra hardly obviously
inequal near the suture ; with strie of punctures; tip
decurved,; almost truncated, or obtusely rounded : be- |
neath, ina particular light, dull silvery sericeous: feet
rufous. ;

Length more than 2 To of an inch.

I found this species in company with palmate on
the bank of the Schuylkill river. :

(ro BE CONTINUED.)

Description of a Land Tortoise, Pelt the sc Galapagos
Islands, commonly known as the “ Elephant Tor-
toise.” By Ricuarp Haran, M. D. Se. Read
bith 5, 1826... 5... ia 50s oie

~ Tesrupo clephantopus, (nobis. j +

Elephant Tortoise, of Mariners, vide “ Porter’s i
vol, i. p. 161, oll apages Tortoise, of others.

CuaAr.—Shell ‘reflected over ie head, and over
the posterior extremities: all the back-plates irregu-

TESTUDO ELEPHANTOPUS. 285

larly pentagonal, with elevated concentric ridges, and
with a smooth space in the centre: tail short, thick at
base, without a corneous tip. *

Dimensions. Ft. inches. tenths.

Length of the back-plate, following its curvature,.. 1 9 6
Breadth of the back-plate, following its curvature,. 1 10 6
Vertical diameter, or height of the animal,........ 0°" 9 0
Bateral diametéris 0. WA SS. er aes ie 8, 1 2 0
Circumference of the body,........ p.0;9;0s'eime'« viele’ ne ee | tt)
Length of the posterior extremity,........++.+-++ Re 0
Length of the anterior extremity,....... ..ssseeee ne, 0
Length of the neck and head,..... ...e sees eee ees 22000 0
Tength, of the heads, ss Jeae sa's + ene iine oalew ois « aie 6 0. i)
Bremen O8 the Head). osc. 2 <6. a vee ony ss as ay ooinianes ab 0 2 5
Length of the tail,.............005 BUC Cone choscw Ore 5
Breadth of the tail at base,.........cc.eeeseeeeeees RA 0

Description.—General colour of the animal,
plumbeous: the shell appears somewhat oval, though
on measurement is found to be nearly as long as broad.
The marginal plates are reflected upwards anteriorly,
and also over the posterior extremities, in order to
afford greater freedom in the motions of the head and
extremities. The posterior marginal plate is bent
abruptly downwards: the head is very small; and like
the neck, extremities, &c. is enveloped in a rugous,
lax, and granulated covering; the skin being pro-
duced into flattened protuberances, somewhat cor-

neous in structure: these protuberances are larger

and more dense about the joints, and other parts of
the body most subjected to pressure; two of these
larger tubercles are found on each side of the elbow.

_* Testa supra collum et crura reflexa: scutellis disci penta-
gonis, striisque elevatis, concentricis, cum lave macula centrale.
auda brevis, crassa ad basim, sine apice cornuto.

VOL. V.—NOVEMBER, 1826. 37

286 TESTUDO ELEPHANTOPUS.

Jaws slightly serrated; the superior emarginate at
tip, with two small dentiform processes, which are
sometimes destroyed : the inferior jaw closing within
the upper, like scissors. There are two palatine
ridges within the upper jaw; the inner one smooth,
the outer serrated: one serrated ridge in the lower
jaw: these ridges occupy the place of teeth; the in-
ferior ridge, closing between the two superior, forms,
with the two mandibles, powerful organs of mastica-
tion. Under jaw, and upper part of the throat,
marked with yellow blotches. Tui/ short and exceed-
ingly thick at base, abruptly terminating without a
corneous tip: vent opening about one inch from the
tip, ei,
Marginal seuta, twenty-three in number; eleven
on each half of the shell, and a single one posteriorly ;
the six anterior, elevated or reflected, and crenated at
their sutures: six posterior, (with the exception of the
terminal one,) elevated, slightly reversed, and cre-
nated at their sutures. Vertebral plates, five in
number, not carinated: costal plates, four on each
side: all the plates of the shell of an irregular pen-
tagonal form, displaying elevated, concentric ridges,
with obsolete radiating lines, dividing each plate into
different compartments; a smooth space being left
in the centre. Sternum composed of sixteen unequal
plates, two anterior very small; next come two larger
pentagonal plates; then follow two narrow plates,
with a small one at their anterior and terminal borders,
which, with two similar ‘ones at the posterior and
terminal borders of the two largest central plates,

_TESTUDO ELEPHANTOPUS. 287

constitute the suture between the back-plate and
sternum: posterior to the large central plates, are
two of a medium size, followed by two small terminal
plates. The anterior extremity of the sternum pro-
jecting forwards between the fore legs, as in the Go-
pher, (T. polyphemus, Lin.) though not projecting
beyond the anterior margin of the back-plate, as in
the latter species.
Toes not fissile, covered with the thick shagreened
skin of the legs, like those parts in the Elephant.
Five claws before, four behind, broad, flat, and blunt,
the longest measuring 3 of an inch.
» Osservations.—The animal which is the subject
of the present observations, is no doubt young, al-
though larger than a similar species which lately
lived for several months in the Philadelphia Museum.
If we are permitted to judge from the shortness of
the tail, and still less certain sign, the planeness-of
the sternum, our specimen isa female. Its weight is
forty pounds. .
The only species with which there appears any
probability of confounding the present, is the T.
indica of Vosmaer; a description of which, with an
indifferent figure, may be seen in Shoepff, (Hist.
Test. p. 103, tab. xxii. fig. B.) On comparing these
two species together, the distinctive characters of the
T. elephantopus will be found sufficiently clear; dif-
fering widely in the number of plates, both of the
sternum and shell, as well as in other essential par-
ticulars.

‘That the T. ‘indica of Perrault, is specifically dis-

288 TESTUDO ELEPHANTOPUS.

tinct from the animal of the same name described by

Vosmaer, we have no doubt; and think that a refer-

ence to the figures and descriptions afforded us by

Shoepff will satisfy the most sceptical. On comparing

the present specimen with the T. indica of Perrault,
an individual of which lived many months. in the

Philadelphia Museum, we were enabled to ‘detect
still less analogy.*

The present individual displays great docility of
temper, never attempting to bite, except when much
irritated ; the force of its jaws is very great. Some
idea may be formed of the muscular power of this
animal, from the fact, that a large man seated on its
back, appeared to occasion no great inconvenience
to its progressive motion. During warm weather, in
our climate, they are enormous gluttons; and ina
state of nature, are exclusively phytivorous, eating
without much discrimination, succulent vegetables of
all descriptions ; where the food is dryer, they drink
large quantities of water: like our Box turtle, (C1s-
TuDA clausa,) they are naturally timid, seeking re-
tirement and shade, displaying equal impatience when
exposed to the rays of the sun, or to a — - rain.

* As copies of Shoept’s work (‘¢ Historia pion ‘eo:
bus illustrata, 1792,”) are rare in this country, we subjoin a
description by Vosmaer, of his 'T. indica. ‘Testa supra collum |.
reflexa, disci scutellis anterioribus Jevibus; margine crenato. —

“Ex promontorio Bonz spei.testa hec, absque, ulla ulteriori
notitia, ad nos pervenit. Ad testudines terrestres eam pertinere,
primo intuitu adparet. Scuti longitudo ped. 2. poll. 8. Latitudo
ped. 1. poll. 63. Altitudo ped. 1. poll. 2. . Discus scutelli xiii,
margo xxv, habet; anteriora nempe 6, postica 9, lateralia utrin-
que 4. Sterni scatella duo media majora, his anteriora 5, pos-
teriora 7, horum duo, scutellis marginalibus proxime adjacent,
reliquis minora sunt. Color scuti nigricans, sterni cinereus.”

TESTUDO ELEPHANTOPUS. 289

’ Thus much of their habits we are enabled to detail
from personal observation; a much more extensive
account of these interesting animals may be found in
*¢Porter’s Journal.”* |
If there be not some mistake, the enormous size to
which they are said to attain in some instances, is
truly astonishing; the author above quoted, states,
that some individuals weighed more than 300 Ibs.,
and that others measured five feet in length; he how-
ever states his conviction of the existence of two dis-
tinet species, as inhabiting the different Gallapagos
Islands. as
“Those of James’ Island appear to be a species
entirely distinct from those of Hood’s and Charles’
islands ; the form of the shell of the latter is elongated,
turning up forward in the manner of a Spanish saddle,
_ of a brown colour, and of considerable thickness; they
are very disagreeable to the sight, but far superior
to those of James’ island in point of fatness, and their
livers are considered the greatest delicacy. Those
of James’ island are round, plump, and black as ebo-
ny; some of them handsome to the eye, but their
liver is black, hard when cooked, and the flesh alto-
gether not so esteemed as the others.
<The shells of those of James’ island are sometimes _
remarkably thin, and easily broken, but more par-
ticularly as they become advanced in age; for then,

‘ * Vid. Journal of a cruise made to the Pacific Ocean, by
Capt. David Porter, in the U.S. frigate Essex, in the years
1812, 13 and 14, vol. 1. pp..161, 165, 171, 173, 227, 221.

290 TESTUDO ELEPHANTOPUS,

whether owing to the injuries they receive from their
repeated falls in ascending and descending the moun-
tains, or otherwise, their shells become very rough,
and peel off in large scales, which renders prases nite
thin, and easily broken.

Nothing, continues Capt. Porter, can’ be more
disagreeable or clumsy than they are in external ap-,
pearance; their motion resembles strongly that of the
Elephant; their gait slow, steady, and heavy; they
carry their body about a foot from the ground, and
their legs and feet bear no slight resemblance to the.
animal to which they are likened; but hideous and
disgusting as is their appearance, no animal can pos-
sibly afford a more wholesome, luscious, and delicate
food; the finest. green turtle is no. more to be com-
pared to them in point of excellence, than the coarsest.
beef to the fipest veal; these animals are so fat, as to
require neither butter nor lard to cook them; and
this fat does not possess that cloying quality, common
to that of most other animals. But what seems to be
most remarkable in this animal, is the length of time
it can exist without food. It has been well ascer-
tained, that when piled away among. the casks of a’
ship, they have lived eighteen months; and when.
killed at that time, were found to have suffered no
diminution of fatness. They carry with them a
constant supply of water in a bag at the root of the.
neck; and on tasting that found in those we killed on
board, it proved perfectly fresh and sweet.”

Capt. Porter asserts, that these animals are entirely
destitute of hearing; as the loudest noise, even that

a, of
%

TESTUDO ELEPHANTOPUS. 291

of a gun, did not seem to alarm them in the slightest
degree; and at night, or in the dark, they appear
totally blind. In one instance, they had to regret
that numbers of these animals had been thrown over-
board by the crews of the vessels, previous to their
capture, to clear them for action; but a few days
afterwards, were so fortunate as to find themselves
surrounded by about fifty of them, which were picked
up, as they had been lying in the same place where
they had been thrown, incapable of any exertion in
that element, except stretching out their long necks.

On making the experiment, we have found this ani-
mal specifically lighter than even fresh water.

The great profusion in which the Gallapagos tor-
toises are found, as well as their average size, may be
estimated by the following extract from the journal
above quoted. ‘‘ Four boats were despatched every
morning, to bring in a stock of tortoises, and returned
at night, bringing with them from twenty to thirty
each, averaging about 60lbs.; and in four days, we
had as many-as we could conveniently stow. They
were piled up on the quarter deck for a few days, in

order that they might have time to discharge the

contents of their intestines, which are considerable ;
after which, they were stowed away below, like any
other provision. They require no food or water for
a year, nor is any further attention to them necessary,
than that their shells should be:preserved unbroken,”

The temperature of the air of the Gallapagos is-
lands, varies from 72° to 75°; that of the blood of
the tortoise is always 62°. The eggs of the tortoise

292 TESTUDO ELEPHANTOPUS.

are perfectly round, white, and two and a half inches

in diameter.* The islands are situated beneath the
equator, between 85° and 90° of west longitude.

__ The present specimen is living in the possession of
Mr. Whitton Evans. For the drawings which ac-—
company the description, we are indebted to Dr. S.
G. Morton.t ppb on wei’

47

* The eggs of the fresh water tortoises, (Emys,) are oblong-
oval, and of a white colour. ae Rigo
} Since writing the above, Dr. Dekay has obligingly commu-
nicated to us the following note, containing his observations on
the T.. indica; two specimens of which from the Isle of France,
one adult, the other young, are contained in the cabinet of the’
Baltimore Academy of Sciences. ; me +.
“'T. indica. Marginal plates-24 to 25; anterior marginal
plate very small and unequal in the young; all deeply furrowed
by subquadrate concentric lines, with four other impressed lines.
radiating from. the centre. The dorsal plates elevated in the
centre ; in the adult or old specimen, these lines disappear, but
the bases of the dorsal plates remain, and give an undulating
appearance to the dorsal disks, This same appearance is |
served in the Gallapagos more evidently. Length of the Buck-
ler, (in the adult) 26, breadth 17, height 13, anterior feet 11,
tail 23, head 11 inches. ; ‘ :
The.separation of the’ plates very deep in the “ indica ;” in
the “ Gallapagos” these are simple, slight furrows. In the “ In
dica,” the anterior plates beneath are deeply emarginate, and
this emargination increases with age; in which circumstances it
also differs from the “+ Gallapagos tortoise.” i wali
Gallapagos tortoise,” (full grown.) Marginal plates 23. in
number. . Ean 5 ha ete eee
Dimensions.—Breadth 193 inches, length 25 inches, height
13 inches, No central marginal plate anteriorly; the costal
plates descending laterally, to unite with the marginal plates,
form a deep concavity, which does not exist in the T. indica; -
in the adult specimen of which the post-marginal plates are
turned up, in which respect again it differs from the “ Gallapagos
tortoise.” had A

pt Re

COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS. 293

Descriptions of new species of Corzorrrerovus In-

“sects inhabiting the United States. By 'Tuomas

Say. Read January 18, 1825. gir
aaa ‘apa ag page 284.)

4.D. pile Green; elytra brassy ; tibie and tarsi

rufous ; second and third joints of the antenne equal.
: Head brassy-green, very densely and confiuently

punctured ; a well impressed frontal line; lateral lines
none; no appearance of frontal tubercies: antennx
short, much less than half the length of the body;
second and third joints equal, fourth joint. hardly
longer ; joints dull rufons, blackish at tip: thorax
green, a little tinged with brassy, longer than broad,
as densely punctured as the head; middle of the an-
_ terior edge a little elevated; longitudinal line none ;
lateral tubercles obvious: edytra brassy-green, a little
tinged with cupreous; with strie of punctures; three
longitudinal indentations near the suture, of which
the anterior one is widest and deepest, with a slight
impressed line extending obliquely to the base; tip
decurved and rounded: Jencath green, tinged with
brassy : feet rufous: thighs at tip brassy-green, pos-
terior pair.with a prominent angle beneath.
Length rather more than } of an inch.

The smallest species I have seen; it occurs in the
middle states, and f have also received a specimen
from Dr. T. W. Harris, of Milton, Massachusetts.

5. D. confluenta. » Brassy, tinged with cupreous;
head with two tubercles; second joint of the antennz

shortest ; elytra truncate at tip.
VOL. V.— DECEMBER, 1826. 38

294 COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS.

Head rather obscure; a profound frontal line, on
each side of which is an oblong tubercle; punctures
confluent, small: anfennz not quite half the length
of the body, fuscous, first joint metallic polished, third
joint distinctly longer than the second : thorax nearly
square, a little narrowed to the base, with very dis-
tinct confluent punctures, and a slightly impressed,
dorsal line; lateral tubercles not prominent; anterior
tubercles not. distinct: scwtel cinereous: elytra with
punctured striz ; two subsutural impressed spaces, of
which the exterior extends obliquely to the middle
of the base; tip hardly decurved, truncated : : posterior
thighs with a small mete beneath.

Length less than 3, of an inch. bla

I have found this insect in Pennsylvania, and also
in Missouri. In some specimens, lateral impressed
spaces of the elytra are very distinct, but in general
they are not perceptible.

seonaie Fabr.

L. melanoeephala. Above manele or
and all beneath, black. a
Head deep black, inequal : sohde tisdale
polished, abruptly very much contracted on the ‘mid-
dle of each side, presenting the appearance of a pro-
found vertical groove in that part: e/ytra rufo-testa-
ceous; polished, with almost regular series of im-
pressed punctures: beneath black, immaculate.
Length nearly 3, of an inch. 6)
Resembles the trilineata, Oliv. in form, but it is

COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS. 295

readily distinguished from that well marked insect.
It inhabits the N. W. Territory, where it was found
by Major Long’s party. I also received specimens
from Dr. T. W. Harris.

Cassipa, Fubr.

C. bivittata. Yellowish; elytra with two lines and
suture black. :

Cassida bivittata, Melsh. Catal.

Body sub-orbicular, yellowish, tinged with rufous ;
margin all round paler: e/ytra with regular strie of
impressed punctures, those on the margin much larger
and blackish; two black vitte on the middle, of which
the exterior one is a little undulated, and the inner
one rather shorter; suture black : beneath piceous.

Length } of an inch. :

Eumotpus, Fabr.

1. E. pint. Brassy, with short whitish hair; an-
tenn obscure rufous. ‘

Body rather dark brassy, polished, punctured, with
short whitish hair : head with an impressed longitudi-
nal line on the front: antennz and palpi dull rufous:
thorax, as well as the head, slightly tinged with
cupreous: scutel cupreous: elytra destitute of strie
or lines: beneath reddish-brassy, more densely cover-
_ ed with the whitish hair than the superior surface:
feet not so thickly hairy, dark rufous.

Length .% of an inch. roe

I received this insect from Dr. J. F, Melsheimer,

296 COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS.

under the name which I have adopted; he informed
_ me that its favourite food is the different | ong of
Pinus. ©

2. E. barbatus. Brassy, with aIbuhe. ferruginous
hair; antenne obscure rufous.

Eumolpus barbatus, Melsh. Catal.

Body dark brassy; tinged, particularly on the head
and thorax, with cupreous; somewhat polished ; 3 punc-
tured, and covered with short ferruginous hair: head _
with a longitudinal, darker, slightly impressed line: —
antenne and palpi dull rufous: elytra destitute of
strie or lines: beneath reddish-brassy, covered with
whitish hair: feet very dark rufous.

; Length nearly =}, of an inch.

Resembles the. preceding, but is always smaller,
and it may be at once distinguished from it by the
colour of the hair, which on the superior’ ‘surface i is
decidedly ferruginous.

Curysomeca, Linn. Latr.

1. C. cexruleipennis. Blue polished; thorax and
feet rufous; antennz and tarsi black. ne
Head punctured, blue-black : antennz black, basal
joint rufous beneath and at tip: thorax bright rufous,
with numerous punctures; an obsolete transverse
dusky line on the anterior submargin, and another on
the posterior submargin : seutel blue: elytra polished
blue, numerously punctured, the punctures irregu-
larly situated, sometimes confluent: beneath blackish-
blue : feet pale rufous ; tarsi black : anus rufous.

COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS. 997

Length more than ;, of an siaohi

A beautiful and rare species, an inhabitant of the
North-West Territory. I received a specimen from
Mr. John P. Brace of Litchfield, ps another from
Drs T. W. Harris.

2. C. spirea. Green; elytra ine yellow, with
green spots, and a common sutural line trifid at base.
’ Head dark green, tinged with brassy: antenne and
palpi rufous : thorax dark green, tinged with brassy :
elytra pale yellow, sometimes tinged with rufous; each
with ‘about seventeen unequal small green spots; a
larger lunate one originating on the humerus ; a com-
mon green sutural line, which sends.off a lateral short
branch on each side near the base : henenths blackish-
green: feet rufous. -

Length } of an inch.

“I received several specimens from Dr. Jno. F.
Melsheimer, under the name which I have adopted.
He informed me that he found them on the Sprr#a
opulifolia, Muhl. Catal. I have also found them
near Philadelphia, and in Missouri. It is very closely
allied to the C. philadelphica, Fabr., but is smaller,
and the sutural line is always common; whereas in
the. philadelphica there is a slender sisbouparad line
on each elytron always inaulated from the suture
throughout its-whole length.

It has also a general similarity to the multipunctata,
nobis, but that species is larger and more oblong, the |
elytral spots more numerous, and arranged in a dif-
ferent manner, and the head ve thorax are of a
different colour. )

298 COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS.

Hexopes, Fabr.

H. trivittata. Blue-black ; margin of the thorax
and two elytral vitte yellow.

Body punctured: head entirely ache with
an impressed frontal line divaricated before: thorax
with. somewhat sparse punctures; lateral margins
yellow, this colour being contracted in the middle on
the inner side: e/ytra with punctured striz ; sutural
margin yellow ; vitta on the middle not reaching the
tip, and exterior edge blue-black: feet immaculate:
venter with the caudal segment margined behind with
dull yellowish.

Length more than } of an n inch, -

This insect was sent me by Mr. Charles Pickering,
of Salem. It is so very closely allied to the H. phel-
landrii, Linn., in size, form, description, and dispo-
sition of colours, that I have hesitated to consider it
as distinct. The chief difference which I have been
able to discover, consists in the circumstance, that the
feet in the phellandyii are partly yellow, whilst those
of the present species are perfectly immaculate... Still
it is highly possible that it may prove to be a variety
of that well known insect. be

Gauieruca, Fabr,

1. G. fufosanguinea. Entirely rfosanguinenus
punctured,

Head punctured, with an impressed frontal line
passing down between the antenna, and more dilated

COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS. 299

above; an indentation each side near the eyes; an-
- tennx black,’ dull rufous at base: eyes deep black:
thorax with rather large numerous-punctures, a large
indented spot each side, and a dilated longitudinal
line in the middle ; posterior angles subacute : seuéel
at tip very obtusely rounded, or somewhat truncate :
elytra with very numerous, profoundly impressed,
rather large, irregularly disposed punctures : wings
blackish: beneath hardly paler in Sone A ‘than the
superior surface.

Length rather more than 4 $ ‘ofan inch.

Not uncommon in some situations in the middle
states. I have also received it from Dr. T. W. Harris.
_ 2. G. meraca, Greenish-black 5 ; antenne and feet
yellowish.

Body black, slightly tinged with green; head with
a few'scattered punctures, a longitudinal impressed
line, and above the antenne a transverse one: antennz
yellowish : Jabrum and mouth yellowish: thorax des-
titute of distinct punctures; lateral edge a little ex-_
curved at the posterior angles, which are acute : elytra
with obsolete irregular punctures: beneath black-
blue: venter a little tinged with cupreous: - feet-yel-.

lowish: thighs at base'blackish : cova ee
. Length: more than 5% a of an inch.

Sriees:; Fabr, :
‘A. suturella. "Testaceous; thorax with black

spots; elytra with a black sutural edge.
- Body punctured, testaceous : head tinged with ful-

300 COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS.

vous ; an impressed frontal line, and two impunctured
Spots; punctures numerous, dense: antennx black,
first joint beneath dull rufous: thorax tinged with
fulvous, with fuscous spots or characters on the disk;
punctures numerous : sewtel black: elytra testaceous,
tinged with fulvous on the exterior margin $ punctures -
numerous, crowded; raised line of the suture black,
forming a common sutural line, which does not quite
- reach the apex: pectus testaceous, tinged with pale
fulvous: postpectus black: feet black : posterior “—
om rufous beneath: verter dull rufous.
’ Length 3 of an inch.
Very ee from any other species I have seen.

Tyrroma, Fabr.

1. T. unicolor. Black ; ithe striate; tarsi piceous.

Tritoma unicolor, Melsh. Catal.

Body black, polished, minutely:punctured : palpi
yellowish: antennx ferruginous, the club blackish:
thorax with the punctures scattered on the disk,
dense each side: e/ytra with regular series of im-
pressed punctures, obsolete towards the tip: dibie all
dilated and angular near the tip: ¢ars@. pale etic

Length nearly. ofan inch. :

2. 'T. angulatum. Black ; beneath betes ext
yellowish.

Tritoma rufipes, 2 Me Melsh. Catal.

piceum, ;
Body black, polished, punctures cecil: : head
. piceous : palpi ferruginous : antenne ferruginous, the

COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS. _ 301

club blackish : elytra with regular series of impressed
punctures: beneath piceous: feet yellowish: tibize
_ dilated and —— near the tip.

Length nearly , of an inch.

Resembles the preceding, but differs from it both
in size and colouring. ;

3. T. pulehrum. » ce er 3; elytra rufous! on the '
basal half.

Tritoma pulehrim, Melsh. Catal.

‘Body black, punctured, polished : antennx heibu-
ginous; club dark piceous: palpi yellowish: elytra
rufous at base, deep black at tip, the line of division
extending from behind the sutural middle, in an ob- ©
lique direction rectilinearly towards the humeral an-
gle, behind which it turns abruptly outward to the
-. exterior edge; strie of punctures regular: tibiz

hardly aa at tip: ¢arsi ferrugimous.
' . Length ,3, of an’ inch, nearly.
The TripLax sanguinipennis and biguttata of
vol. 4. p. 89, may, perhaps, with greater propritty
¥ referred to the ici genus. :

Cocerneria, Linn.

1. C. pullata. Pale testaceous : elytra with a yel-
low lateral margin, in Which is a black spot.

Head yellow: antennz. blackish at tip: labrum
piceous at base: thorax with a pale testaceous disk ;
a narrow yellow anterior margin; a dilated, oval,
yellow lateral margin, separated from the colour of.

the disk by a black line, and including an insulated
VOL. V.— December, 1826: 39

302 COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS.

black. spot: elytra pale testaceous, with a dull cnt
ish lateral margin : beneath blackish. bap Vartan
Length from more than } of an inch to 44. ©
I found an individual several years\since, cast wp
by the waves on the eastern coast of. Virginia, and I
obtained another when in Florida with Mr. Maclure.
2: C. binotata. , Black; lateral margin of the tho-

rax and head yellow; each elytron witha rufous spot.
Coccinella binotata, Melsh. Catal.

Body rounded-oval, convex, punctured, black, :

polished: head pale yellow: labrum and transyerse
line on the vertex piceous: thorax with a yellow.
lateral margin extending for a short distance on the
anterior margins anterior margin with an obsolete
yellowish line interrupted in the middle’: e/ytron each
with a rufous, orbicular, central spot.

Length less than ,%, of an inch.

This species agrees with the Fabrician description
of the C. oeulata, but it is a widely different species.

_ 3. C. normata: Black ; elytron each wath DMs.
spot.

C. bipustulata, Melsh. Catal.

Body rounded-oval, convex, black, polished, punc-
tured: head and thorax immaculate : elytron each :
with a central; orbicular, rufous spot.

Length less than,’ of an inch, ©: 139

This is very similar to the preceding species, but
it is altogether destitute of any spot on the head and

thorax. It is quite different in form from thé, f bi-
pustulata, F abr.

_ COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS. 303

4. C. proba. Black; a lateral spot on the thorax,
and three on each elytron, yellowish.
Body rounded-oval, \ black, punctured, convex:
head immaculate : antennz honey yellow: thorax with
a large, oval, pale yellow spot on each lateral margin :
elytron each with a rather large, yellowish, orbicular
_ spot somewhat before the middle, two smaller orbicu-
lar yellow spots placed transversely beyond the mid-
die, and nearer the exterior and sutural edges than
to each other. |

Length nearly 33 zo of an inch.

a acceaen Fabr.

‘1. E. distinctus, Rufous; elytra with a common
vitta, and another on the exterior margin, black.
_ Endomyceleus distinctus, Melsh. Catal. . ,
. Body bright rufo-sanguineous: antenne dark pi-
ceous, terminal joint paler: thorax with an impressed
line on the lateral sub- -margin ; disk somewhat darker
_ than the lateral margin: elytra with a rather broad,
common, black vitta, commencing at the scutel, be-
coming a little narrower towards the tip, and abbre-
viated before the tip of the suture ; an elongated black
spot on the middle of the lateral submargin, and oe-
eupying more than one half of its length: beneath
immaculate.
Length less than $ of an iach:
. A fine species, by no means common.

> 2, E. angulatus. Dark rufous, margin and feet
paler. : aa .

304 ‘COLEOPTEROUS. INSECTS.

LEndomycleus.limbatus, Melsh. Catal.

Body dark rufous or piceous: thoraa a little con-
vex; an impressed line on the lateral submargin ;
lateral margin paler than the disk: elytra a little
convex, with a paler exterior margin, sometimes ob-
soletely so on its middle, the ‘paleness: being then
confined to the humerus and tip: feet pale rufous;
anterior tibiz with a prominent angie on the inner
middle. ’

Length rather more than } of an inch..

Smaller and somewhat more convex than the pre-
ceding species. ‘It is altogether different from the
limbatus, Oliv. of Cayenne.

Lycorerpina, Latr. .

L. vestita. Yellowish, hairy ; disk of the cya
blackish.

Body oval, evened with rather shot ewe “yel-
lowish: antennz, the six terminal joints piceous :
thorax with the’ disk somewhat darker ; lateral 1 margin
with an impressed line; lateral submargin with an
abbreviated impréssed line at base's elytra dark pice-
ous; basal, sutural and exterior “miargins ipa
beneath immaculate.

Length more than ,', of.an ‘inch. lads

I have found this species on the iek 3 in’ Tune. bei

PERKIOMEN LEAD MINE. 305

Observations on the Pekagys Mi 5 dena . of the
Perkiomen. Lead Mine, in Pennsylvania. By
~Joun P. Wetueritt, Read December 19, 1826.

GEOLOGICAL’ REMARKS.

The Lead Mine of Perkiomen is situated in Mont-
- gomery county, and on Perkiomen creek: itis twenty-
three miles north-west of Philadelphia, and about
five from Norristown. The county. in its immediate
vicinity is gently undulated, and the soil is remark-
ably fertile.. :
_ The rocks in this vicinity are acto by our il-
lustrious countryman Mr.Maclure, and by other
geologists, to the *O/d Red Sandstone formation.
This opinion, however, is disputed by Mr. Finch,
who, in a paper. recently published in Silliman’s .
Journal, observes that they “may be classed with the
Second, or Variegated Sandstone of Europe :” his
idea of these rocks is derived from “their mineralogi- -
cab character, the variety of their colours, their al-
ternation with strata of Marl, the agricultural quali-
ties of the soil, their geological position, by contain-
ing the fossil bones of — and mines of lead, Op
perand manganese. at

* In the Map attached to Me. Maclure’s Baie of the United
States of America, the Old Red Sandstone is ‘coloured dark blue,
and extends with little interruption from New Eagies to Vir-
ginia.

} Silliman’s Journal Of Bbiaher and the Arts, Vol. x. p. 212.

‘gag... - PERKIOMEN LEAD MINE.

Although Mr. Finch appears not to have formed
this opinion without careful observation, we are not —
prepared to coincide with him, and for the ener
reasons.

_ He speaks of the Mineralogical chanatit of ts
sandstone-as an evidence of its secondary nature; but _
it is expressly stated by Professor Cleaveland, that
“¢ Sandstones, more particularly in the older forma-
tions, sometimes contain metallic substances, dis-
seminated through the mass, or in beds, or in veins. |

Among these are the sulphurets’ of Jron, Lead,
Mercury and Copper, Pyritous Copper and Cobalt.”*
These ores, with two exceptions only, occur at Per-
kiomen. ‘

Mr. F. describes this’sandstone as leona with
strata of Marl: we have not examined the quarries
near Newark, in the state-of New Jersey, to which he
particularly refers, but we do not hesitate to say, that
no substance, having the characters of Marl, has ever.
been taken from the mine at Perkiomen ; on the con-
trary, the intervening strata consist of a well charac-
terized Slate-clay, differing in colour, and oceasion-
ally .in: hardness, from the Red-shell or slate, - that
imparts its colour to the soil for many miles round»

It is said that the Sandstone at Newark is. inter-
spersed with Clay-gaills ; none of these, however,
have been seen at Perkiomen, where the rock is so
compact that it is used for mill- arpncs in grinding
white- lead. oe

* Min. and Geol. 2nd edit. p. 758. ° ©

PERKIOMEN LEAD MINE. 307

The strata at Perkiomén are regular; and have an
inclination of from 18 to 22 degrees from the horizon,
which, according to’ Maclure, is as great an angle as

is generally formed by the oldest red’ Sandstone; the

New or variegated Sandstone being horizontal; or
following the inequalities of the surface.*
‘As regards the fossil bones of animals, we believe
they have been found only in a very limited division
of the Sandstone on the shore of the Connecticut river,
_ and ‘in New Jersey, where it is probable the formation
' is of a more recent date than that farther south; for
it’s remarked by Professor Silliman, that some of the
upper strata in New England seem to correspond
‘with the views of Mr. Finch. * It is possible, there-
fore, that a similar recent formation may exist near
Newark, and even in other sections of the Old Red
_ Sandstone; but we do not ‘hesitate to consider the
latter as constituting the stratification at’ Perkiomen.

Of the boas? operations | at Perkiomen.

The earth for lead j in’ this place was commenced
in 1809, by a ony called “The Perkiomen
Mining Company.” “In a short time they sunk a
shaft of eighty feet i in depth, and followed the vein
N. W. and S. E. of the shaft, to a distance of fifty-
six feet.. At right angles with the drift thus made
in pursuit of the mee they cut another 325 feet pe

"* Silliman’s Jour. Vol. i. p. 212.
t Ibid. Vol. x. p. 209.

308°: PERKIOMEN LEAD MINE.

commencing 80 feet below the opening of the shaft, -
and terminating at the edge of the creek, a little above
the water level. Through this passage the pumps
discharge the water of the mine. By these operations
a large quantity of Galena was procured ; but owing
to some misunderstanding between the individuals of
the company, the works were abandoned in 1810.
Soon after, however, the mine was purchased by Mr.
Samuel Wetherill, the present proprietor, antl ~
shaft and drifts were re-opened.
Since that. period, the works have been pri:
regularly conducted, and at present extend as follows:
the. shaft has been-sunk -to a‘depth of 160 feet from —
thesurface. The Upper drift made by the company,
has been extended on both sides to a-distance of 192
feet. In addition to this drift, two others have been
cut parallel to it, one of them opening 115 feet, and
the other 150 feet below the surface: each of them
has much the same lateral’ extent as the upper one,
and all three follow the direction of the principal
lead-vein—that is to’say; from’N. W.toS.E: The ~
lower. and middle drifts communicate by a. vertical
passage called the Mir tunnel: _ : wets
The Galena was found near the opening of: the
shaft, in what the miners call a string, or small vein. —
The first five feet penetrated the soil’ mixed with
fragmentsof Red Slate-clay, ‘or red-shell ; after which
the Sandstone was encountered, occasionally alternat-
ing with’ strata of Slate-clay, for the most et of a
dark gray colour.
At the depth of 10 feet, the vein iccpelbial tofiftcen

PERKIOMEN LEAD MINE. 309.

inches in thickness of solid ore, was regularly formed,
and inclining 65°.

At 20 feet the’ vein continued much ‘the same,
though rather poor to the south. ‘Specks of car-
bonate of copper,.and oxide of i iron; ‘were now first
seen. Inclination 85°.

At 30 feet the rock became Sg and the vein
poorer; the gangue for the most part consisting of
quartz intermixed ‘with copper, pyrites, and iron.

- At 40 feet the vein improved to the north, and had
sulphate of Barytes in addition to the former Matric.
Inclination 75°. .

At 60 feet the Galena diminished, and the’salts of
lead, as isthe sie aaac and Phosphate, became abun-

dant. °
_ At 70 feet the vein saipetved; and strings of Blenide
were discovered ; but the water had rig beg ‘to .
inconvenient degree. x

The vein now diminished Iradbatly) until at ‘a
depth of 82 feet. it was. considered scarcely worth
pursuing in a vertical direction ; but the shaft was
, continued for the purpose of running the drifts. -

Accordingly three of these drifts were opened at
right angles with the shaft, and penetrated to the
extent, and in the direction already,mentioned. In
the course of these lateral operations, several large
tich veins were met with, which yielded the ore in |
_ considerable abundance. By way of illustration, ‘it
may be remarked that four men were employed for
458 days, during which time the lead. they obtai ed,

VoL. Vi—DECEMBER; 1826.. « ¢ ‘ 40

310 PERKIOMEN LEAD MINE.

after ‘ei cleaned, washed, and. ready for. ithe fur-
ACE weighed 1140 cwt.

But a better idea of the veins and their ssiamiat
minerals may be obtained by stating the successive
products of some one of the drifts; and’ for this pur-
pose we will take the N. W. course of the tome
drift.

This passage is seventy-two inches high, ail eats:
two wide. Soon after.its commencement, it presents
a vein of four feet in thickness, of which. the gangue
is Quartz and Barytes, with some Iron.

The same appearances continue for forty feet, shane
the vein becomes five feet thick, and has carbonate
and. phosphate of lead in addition to the former sub-
stances.

At 50 feet the yein is ae feet across, andj is ac-
companied by. sulphuret of zine.

At 60 feet the vein is five feet through ; ; pot
. of copper and the salts of lead in Plenty, with yet

quantities of carbonate of zinc. :
_._ At 70 feet the vein diminished to three feet anda

half, but has all the above mentioned minerals,

At 90 feet the vein is but thirty inches wide.

After this drift had been run for.60 feet, a. rich
vein was observed pursuing a vertical course ; the
excavation was therefore continued upwards, by which
means the middle and lower drifts became united by
the Air-tunnel. —

The products of the other drifts are in most respects
analogous to those of this one.

The ore of this mine Fields 75 per. cent. of int,

PERKIOMEN LEAD MINE. sii«

with a:trace of silver; but it is to be regretted that
it is extremely difficult to smelt by the ordinary modes,
and indeed no plan has yet been tried by which it
can be reduced-with facility. From this cause, the
mine is at present inactive; but the proprietor has
lately instituted ‘a series of experiments that may
eventually obviate the difficulty.

Of the Minerals of Perkiomen.

| Perhaps no mine in the United States has produced
so great a variety of minerals as this; notices of most
of them, however, have been already published, -es-
pecially in an interesting paper by Mr. Lea, in vol.

_ i, part second, of this Journal; but it will be necessary

to recapitulate them here for the purpose of deserib-
ing their crystalline forms, an object which has not
hitherto been attempted. We will, at the same time,

_ adda few species that have been discovered since

io anti

Mr. Lea’s paper was written.
LEAD.

Sulphuret of Lead—In-addition tothe cube with
truncated angles, (vol. i. p. 467,) the regular eube
and Octaedron have been found here. ;

Carbonate of Lead—(Vol. i. p. 467.) This salt
oceurs variously crystallized; the following forms
have been satisfactorily identified. *

1. Elongated Octaedron.
2. Flattened Octaedron. °

12.

-PERKIOMEN LEAD MINE.

Octaedron with all the solid angles truncated.

Octaedron with apices truncated.

Oblique rhombic prism, with .the terminal
edges and solid — ee by “a
planes.

y Oblique four sided prism, veenianiil by an

acute four sided pyramid, the planes of the
pyramid set on the planes of the prism.

The regular hexaedral prism, the ‘terminal
edges replaced by single aman (Annu-
laire of Haiiy.) ni sng

Macle crystals of the above. “

Uniequiangular six sided prism, terminated. by
a four sided pyramid; the planes of the
pyramid set on the smaller lateral phen of
_the prism.

. Double six sided pyramid, with thie apices

_ truncated.

: Acute double six sided pyramid. peatines

dale of Haiiy.) ;
Double six sided pyramid, with the common
base truncated.’ ( Trihexaedre of Haiiy.)

Sulphato- Carbonate of Lead.—Beside the above
specimens, others occur in groups of very oblique,
four sided. prisms, epee’ to be the sulpbeieset
bonate of Lead. ; *

Sulphate of Lead—(Voli i. p- 467.) Bhis minal
has been obtained in the following forms of crystal.

1. Oblique. four sided prism, acutely bevelled on

the extremities, the bevelling planes set om the
acute lateral edges, and the obtuse: lateral
edges of the prism truncated.

-

PERKIOMEN LEAD MINE. 313

2. Oblique quadrangular prism, terminated by a
four sided pyramid ; the planes of the pyramid
corresponding with those of the prism.

3: Same form modified by bevelments wa the edges
of the pyramid.. —

4, Very acute Octaedron.

5. Cuneiform or elongated Octaedron, so modified
as to pass into the Trihexaedre of Hatiy. A
fine specimen in the cabinet of the Academy.

Phosphate of Lead—The only form of this salt

hitherto found, is the hexaedral prism. (Vol. i. p.
468.)
Molybdate of Lead—(Vol. i. p. 468.) Two forms
of this rare mineral have been obtained at Perkiomen.
1. Rectangular four: sided table, with bevelled
edges ; being a modification of the Sexoctonale
of Haiiy. Colour orange-yellow.

2. Low Octaedron, with the angles of the common
base, the lateral edges, and apices of the
pyramid truncated. Variety of the T’riforme
of Haiiy. Colour wax-yellow. =

COPPER.

Nitive Copper has been found in eel quantityin
a gangue, consisting for the most part of Quartz. : oe
is both massive and dendritic.

Red Oxide of Copper—A few splendid specimens
of the Capillary variety were obtained some years ago, —
(Vol. i. p. 463,) the finest of which is in the cabinet
of the Academy of Natural Sciences. It also o¢eurs
in minute Octaedral crystals. # * Rips

5 :
A ay eet:

314 PERKIOMEN LEAD MINE.

Copper Pyrites—(Vol. i. p. 463.) ,
Green Carbonate of Copper—(Vol. i. p. 462.)
Blue Carbonate of Copper—(Ibidem.).

—

Hematite—T! he brown iin occurs in small hei
beautiful specimens, generally iridescent, and sur-
rounded either by crystals of Quartz or Barytes.

Sulphuret of Iron—(Vol. i. p. 464.)

Micaceous Oxide of Iron—(Ibidem. )

Sulphuret of Zinc—The Brown Blende is abun-
dant, and the yellow and. black varieties also’ occur.
(Vol. i. p. 468.) About a quarter of a mile from the
Perkiomen mite, another is now worked for Lead ;
but the Zine, which is above the former, is so abun-
dant.as to constitute the chief obstacle in the search for
Lead. No crystals of it have yet been observed.

Carbonate of Zinc—In amorphous and riniform
masses, either white, pale blue, or brown.. The blue
variety is scarce ; it occurs in beautiful hemispherical
coneretions, which: are sometimes radiated. . The
Brown Carbonate (if such it be) has_been found ina —
single instance only: it is in small globular masses,
possessing some traces of the dodecaedral form; the
surface is delicately. striated and’ glistening. It is in
most respects analogous to a rare specimen in Dr.
Magia sellcctiony from Lokteskoi i in nace

PERKIOMEN LEAD MINE. 315
- QUARTZ...

- Quartz—(Vol. i. p. 473.). Besides the crystallized
specimens, it is found cavernous and pseudomorphous ;
the latter variety appears in most instances to have
replaced the cube of lead. Many of the cavernous
specimens are beautifully coated with Oxide of tron,
or with the Salts of Lead and Copper.

BARYTES.

Sulphate of Barytes(Vol. i, p. 481.) Its crys-
talline forms are these :

1. Four sided prism, with a rhombic base. (Forme

- primitive of Haiiy.) sete

2. Hexagonal Table. This form is rare, and very
minute. ; bese, :

8. Lenticular. Abundant, and often fancifully
grouped.

ANTHRACITE.

A small vein of this substance is found between the
Sandstone, 172 feet from the mouth of the Water drift.

_ All the above descriptions, with a single exception,
are taken from specimens in my cabinet; duplicates —
of many of them are also contained in the oe of
the Academy of Natural Sciences.

In preparing ‘this paper, I have been assisted by my
friend Dr. S. G. Morton, to whom I am also indebted
for the annexed accurate diagram of the mine; the

- data were obtained by careful observations.
me on the spot.

| NORTH AMERICAN REPTILIA. 317

Genera of North American Reprrum, and a Synop-
sis of the species. By Ricuarn Harwan, M. D.
Read December ms 1826.

‘There are few departments of ati” science
which, to American naturalists, have given rise’ to
more investigation than the history of the Reprives
of our widely-extended country. Within a very few
“years, most important facts’ have been eli cited, and
many new and interesting species have. been added
to'a list, formerly extensive. The great obscurity
and confusion peculiarly prevalent in the descriptions
of Authors who have written on this subject, though
gradually: dissipating, are by-no means sufliciently
cleared. "To the student of Herpetology, whether
general or local, a systematic arrangement of all the
_N. A. genera, with scientific descriptions of their
species, cannot but bea desirable object.

The present essay is offered to the Academy, ‘more
. particularly as an outline of, and with the View of
eliciting facts and observations preparatory to a con-
templated work, to contain.a more elaborate descrip-
tion of the animals, their habits, &c. peculiar to this
department.

Brongniart’s division of the reptiles into Sie or-
ders, viz: Curtonta, Sauwra, Opuipra, and Ba-

TRACHTA, is universally acknowledged, and justly
esteemed. As all systems are arbitrary, we shall take

the liberty of deviating from the numerical artange-
VOL. V.--DECEMBER, 1826.,...., Be : Al

318 NORTH AMERICAN RFPTILIA.

ment of this author, and commence with.that OrpER
which best comports with our present convenience,

- BATRACHIA.* aN 7

Diaries of the Orper—Heart with a. single
auricle and ventricle; the latter destitute of. fleshy
columns, and discharging the blood by one opening:
skin naked, usually lubricated bya mucous secretion :
no-external organs of generation in the male: fecun-.
dation external : the eggs are deposited in the water :
the young are hatehed in that element, and at first
possess branchiz, which, in some genera, are per-
sistent; in others, are absorbed. when the lungs have
acquired the proper degree of development : all des-
titute of true ribs, and possessing the faculty, more
or less extensive, of changing their. colours at will...

Ist. Division.

T Branchial fenestre persistent : skull mE of :
a solid piece.

4
.

Ist Genes. AMPHIUMA. Garden. Linn. Harlan.
Characters of the Genus—Teeth in “both: jaws:

* From ‘Pormeeerranimele, resembling frogs. Sa: ab

t In common with several authors, we have hitherto used the
term “ Opercula”: (coverings, to express the idea intended by
branchial fenestre, (Gill openings.) The term * Spiracula,”
(breathing holes,) which is, oceasionally used as synonymous, is
"equally objectionable, as it conveys an erroneous idea.

NORTH”AMERICAN REPTILIA. _ 819

legs four, slender and jointless: toes before and be-
hind jointless, clawless.
The — consists of a single shia the

}

- A te ttitids means, Garden. °

Synonyma. Amphiuma maine; Garden. daair'y correspondence
of Linneus.

Amphiuma means, Fintan, Journal of Philad. A, N. Sc. Vol,
3—and Annals of the N. Y¥. Lyceum of Nat. Hist. Volk Lp. 269.
pl. XXII.

Sireni simili, Linn. Smith’s correspondence of Linneus.

Chrysodonta larvxformis, pasha) Med. Recorder, No. 19.
Vulgo, Congo athe.

“° Ohar-—Colbur dark-brown, or slaty, with a bluish
tinge on the sides, and the belly rather lighter : head
‘long, ‘tapering, depressed : mouth extending half the
length of the jaws: teeth, two rows above, and one
below, with their points somewhat flattened and re-
flected : -/egs small, distant, with rudiments only of
bones concealed in the flesh, and with two clawless
toes, the external the longest.

Habit.—Burrowing in the mud, in swamps, or in
the vicinity of streams, V yhere it searches its food, and
hybernates 5 occasion visiting the dry land.

Growing to the length of three feet. i,
Inhabits the southern Atlantic ‘states, from South
Carolina to Mexico: Specimens are common of late,
in most of our‘museums. | The. species was fora tong
time neglected : or unknown.

320 NORTH AMERICAN REPTILIA.

.2nd°Genus. .Menoroma. Harlan.

Charaeters of the Genus.—Destitute of branchie at —
all periods of its existence: four strong legs: toes
clawless: one or more rows of. teeth i in both jaws.

As yet aac a single species of the gram: is known. |

Menoroma alleghaniensis.

Sysonvma. Salamandra alleghaniensis, Michaux. ED ae
Salamandra gigantea, and S. horrida, Barton. Fe
Protonopsis horrida, Barton:

Saldmandre des monts alleganiens, Sonalit and Latraille;

Abranchus alleghaniensis, Harlan. Annals of: Lyceum, Vol. 1.
p- 233. pl. 17. ’

Menopoma qleghaniensis, Harlan. Annals of, he N. Xe Vol.
Il. p. 271.

Triton alleghaniensis, Daudin.

Molge gigantea, Merrim.

Vulgo, Hell-bender, Mud-devil, Grind. wipl, Young tiga,
and Tweeg, by. the North American Indians, .

. Confounded with the ‘Proteus of the Lakes, by Dr, Mitchill.
Vide Silliman’s Journal, Vol. AV, and VIL, Also by Baron Cu:
vier, Animaux fossiles, 2nd ed. Vol. IV. . Indicated as the youn;
of the Triton: lateralis, or “ Proteus of the ae by. Say;
vid. rebe wish 3 N.S. Vol. iad

* >
te
(as

Chahrahoders jow frais. with a sinaiia row: af
teeth: upper jaw with two concentric. rows: four
_ strong legs: five toes behind, four before : the outer
edge of the feet fimbriated :. two outer toes of the hind
feet palmated, clawless. Vid. Annals of thei if
Lyceum of Nat. Hist. Vol. I. p..222.) 9) 5 +

Inhabits the Ohio river and its. eeibeitana!

NORTH (MALRICAN REPTILIA. 321

‘end Division:—With persistent branchiz : all
pene! * pager er :

‘3d. Gees. Srren, ates

Phiondétivs of the Clerius. sila anguilliforin 3 two
anterior legs, toes small and clawless.’
- At present this genus consists of three species, “
type of which is the

“Srrena lacertina, Linn.

SynonyMa. phe Siren, Gm.’ Linn.
~ Murena siren, Turt. ‘Linn. and Stewart's Elements.
' Mud iguana, Ellis. Amer. Philosoph. trans. Vol. bis p- 189.
_ Siren-lacertina, Barton. j

S. lacertina, M. P. de Beauvois sain’) passim.

-Char.—Toes four, sem lens a in. the following
order, commencing at the interior, 2,1, 3, 4: teeth, -
two very minute rows surrounding the lower jaw:
the anterior portion of the palate furnished with two |
oblong eminences arranged obliquely, as respects each
other, and. studded with minute teeth: a few teeth
scattered over the mid le of the anterior palate : body
black above, dusky beneath, sometimes speckled :
three. branchial appendages, the lowermost the long--
est, all with lateral fringes: three gill-openings, or.
branchial fenestra, the interior edges serrate, as in
the gills of fishes: fai] compressed, with narrow ray-
less fins, above and below. . .

322 NORTH AMERICAN’ REPTILIA:

Habit.—The Siren conceals itself in the — oc-
casionally. visiting both land and water.

Inhabits the southern states, from South Chaitin
to Florida: common in the vicinity of Camden, S. C.
Specimens comnion in public and private collections.

>
°

Siren erie Le Conte. .

Synonyuca, Siren striata, Le ‘Coste! Annals of the Lyceum,
N. Y., Vol. I. pl. 4.
Palo-braich, fet: Vulgo, guana.

Chie Lae feeble; ‘three clawless toes: branchiz
three on each side, with a fleshy trilobate covering ;
the lobes entire and. naked: colour dusky, with a
broad. brown stripe on each side : nate nine —
teeth? . + -s

Habit.—Frequents mud -swamps but does not Bak:
row in the ground. Cee ee ae

~‘Inhabits South Carolina. ainda, isis

Simen ser, Be Conte ti

Chat cae descinbiiagan of the Debit 3
branchi resembling those. of the Striata, Length
about one foot. ii

Inhabits the southern ‘staies—specimens’ in the
cabinet of the pos eg and in cabinet of the A
N.S.

Pp ame eA

* Manuscript notes.

NORTH AMERICAN REPTILIA, 323
4th Genus... Menosrancus. Harlan.”

Characters of the. Genus.—Persistent branchit :
four’ footed, toes clawless : jaws armed with teeth.
The genus consists of two or, three species, the. type
of which i is found in the

Menonnaxons laieralis.

SyNonyma.. Salamandra plleghanionss, (young) Say, Be vae
A.N.S., Vol. I.

Triton lateralis, Say, Long’s eed: @ the Porky Mountains,
Vol. I. p. 5.

Proteus of the Lakes, Mitchill, Silliman’s Journal, Vol. VIL. p.
63.

Meauinbine lateralis, Harlan, ely of the Lyceum, Vol. I.
pl. 16. ,

Char. Or black vitta from the nostrils passing
_ through the eyes, and dilated on the sides, becoming
obsolete on the tail. Feet four; four toes to each
foot, clawless : teeth, two rows:in' the upper, one in
the lower jaw; conic, obtuse and small : body brown. .
spotted with black: taid ancipital.. Length from one
to two feet.

Habit aquatic, carnivorous, +e

Inhabits the Lakes and the Ohio, with its aha
ries. Specimens in the cabinet of the A. N.S...

Variety.. A.‘ Proteus of the shes” of Professor
Mitchill. bei

Char. —Destitute of ie lateral aks > colours Tight
er; blackish spots more numerous.

Cabinet of the A. N. S.

*

324 NORTH AMERICAN REPTILLA.
‘Menosrancuus tetradactylus.

Synonyma. Proteus tetradactylus; Lacepéde. Ann. du: ‘Mus.
Vol. X. p. 230. figured. w rf

‘Char.—Teeth two rows in each’; jaw;-a dupli¢ature
of skin forming a collar, partially surrounding the
superior part of the neck, anterior to the branchie :
four toes to each foot, clawless. rig 6-4 a
French,

Observations.—W e have lately exaintheeh some fine
specimens of the Mexican ‘Axalotl, or Siren pisci-
formis of Shaw, contained in the cabinet of the Ly-
ceum. The animal being furnished with teeth, and
the branchie. having every appearance of being per-
sistent, we have little hesitation in considering it a
perfect animal, and not a larva. ~ It will very natu-
rally arrange itself as a species of the present getius,
along side of the Menobranchus Jateralis it has one
toe more ori the hind foot, which circumstance ‘indi-
cates the transition of this genus to the Salamandra.

In concluding our observations on this genus, we
regret to remark that some’ authors have very unad-
visedly, we think, confounded it Ja ie (Bends
Proreus of Laurenti.

In a recent number of the Avierteai’ sided of
Science and Arts,* we observe an error of this de-
scription: the author gravely quotes twenty ¢particu-
lars,” in which he thinks the two genera “ resemble
each other,’ > when — one half gr penny included

* Vol, XL. No, 2, p 291, Oct. 1816.. * sie

’

*

NORTH AMERICAN REPTILIA. 325

in the whole order resemble each other in the same
“‘particulars;’? and which, taken collectively, will
characterize no particular genus. In order to obviate
the possibility‘of a similar error in future, we offer to
the students of herpetology the following generic
characters afforded by the type of the genus under
consideration. ‘They differ from each other widely
_in their general form and anatomical details, but more
particularly in‘ osseous structure. The Proteus has
thirty vertebra, exclusive of the caudal, and seven
false ribs on each side: the Menobranchus is furnished
with nineteen vertebra, and eighteen false ribs: the
Proteus has three toes before, and two behind: the
Menobranchus, four toes to each foot: the pelvis of
the former is attached to the 26th vertebra, the pel-
vis of the latter to the 19th. Lastly, the habits. and
geographical distribution of the two genera ar e alto-
gether at variance. Différences, which, taken: collect-
ively, are more than‘suflicient to Aber hi a generic
distinction.

Compared with the other genera of this order, the
Proteus of Laurenti, and the Menobranchus, will be
found to be precisely those which are the most widé-
ly separated from each other; in the most of its'in-
ternal anatomical characters, the latter genus is much
nearer elated to the Salamandra than to the ee

:

3d Divisio.

Reenhivg shia lungs only in an vadult states ; hren
chie and their fenestra deciduous.
Tail persistent, teeth in botli jaws.

VOL. V.—sanvary, 1927. 42

f
*s

326. NORTH AMERICAN REPTILIA.

5th Genus: SALAMANDRA. Brongaiart
sy Pe Salamandra, mane

Characters of the Genus. Body poate pid
tine: tail long: feet four: toes, four before, five be-
hind: ears concealed beneath the skin: no tympanum:
jaws armed with numerous. small teeth, and with two
longitudinal palatine rows: tongue adhering. at its
sides, reflected at the extremity:* no sternum: numer-
ous false-ribs: branchiz in the larya state: membrana-
ceous_ opercula covering the branchial fenestree :
breathing with vesicular lungs in the adult state, at
which period the rudiments of the cartilaginous arches
of the branchie, remain attached to the os hyoides:
anterior extremities developing before the posterior.
The § a ‘modus copulandi” i is peculiar to the Benwas the
wala, forming an angle ‘more or less acute ; the male
ejects a quantity of white, thick liquor on the female
organs of generation; these organs are much swollen
in both sexes, during the season of their amours. . The
seminal liquor vivifying only those ova which are
situated near the orifice of the vulva: the whole of
the eggs not being vivified at the same time, they
require frequent reiterations of the act: the union of
the sexes continues for: 20 or 30 days, and is repeated
several times in an’ hour: the wonderful faculty of

“* Latreille erroneously ‘states, asa natural character of ‘the
Salamandra, “ Langue fixée dans toute sa longueur.” . Vid. Lat.
hist. nat. des Salamandres de France. , ey

OS er i.

ee eee

aoe one
= Pe

NORTH) AMERICAN REPTILIA. 327

reproduction. observed in this. genus is . generally
known. For important and interesting particulars.
connected with the history of the Salamanders, vide

_ Histoire naturelle des Salamandres de France, by
_P. A. Latreille,”” who has furnished us with the best

figures of these animals. Laurenti reserving the name

-Salamdra to the S. terrestris, has: described under

the two generic names, Triton and Béitaes Re peveras
aquatic Salamanders. .

This genus is naturally divided into the terrestrial,
or such as are furnished with tails more or less com-
pressed, sometimes cylindrical, and seek their food
on the land, and into the aquatic; or such as are fur-
nished with compressed tails, and seek their food in
the water. Like most animals of this, order, the
Salamandre prey on living game a which they
seize leaping.

LaNp SALAMANDERS.

Tail more or less compressed, sometimes cylindrical,

tapering.

‘The type of which in American PE is the.

SALAMANDRA subviolacea.

ri rage Lacerta venenosa. Barton, Amm. Phil. trans. fig.
t. Vol. VI. r Se
S. subviolacea,, Idem. 4
Lézard aquatique: C. S, Rafinesque. Lacerta punctata, Sp she
Stelio.? Catesby, Carol. pl. X, fig. 10. Le ponciuée, Lackpéde-
La Salamandre a points Blas, Sonnini.

Char. — Body black above; sails ieee bengath,
with two longitudinal rows of yellow or whitish spots

328 NORTH AMERICAN REPTILIA.

on the’ back, which beconie single on the lower half
of the tail: ¢hroat with a strong cuticular fold: tail
compressed at the end, cylindrical at the base, and
about the length of the body ; a few ope on the ec

Length about 7 inches. .

- Inhabits Pennsylvania. Cab. of A. N. $i

Nore.—Phis species differs from the Si ponekn
of Europe, principally in the form of the tail, and
form and arrangement of the blotches. »

A variety of this species is found in South Carolina,
differing principally in being of a larger size, and in
the ee of the blotches. pSni—

SALAMANDRA tigrina,

Ss. tigrina, Green. 5 Gane! ‘Kéaal Nat. 8c. Vol. VI. p. 116, A

Char. — Tail rather longer than the body; taper-
ing, compressed, and rounded at tip: beneath granu-
lated, immaculate: above blackish, with numerous,
large, irregular spots of pale ochre: beneath cinereous,
irregularly marked: with patches of an ochraceous
colour throat pale ochre. Length?

Inhabits New Jersey.

SALAMANDRA cylindracea.

8. cytindracea, Harlan. Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. Vol. Ve p. 156.
‘ Char.—General colour blackish, clouded with con-
fluent white blotches on the sides: head thick and
oval: tail’cylindrical, longer than the body: all the
toes fissile :tofal length about five inches.
Inhabits South Carolina. Cab. of AY NOSP”

NORTH AMERICAN REPTILIA. 329
SALAMANDRA fasciata.

_ $, fasciata, Green. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Vol. I. p- 350.

Char.— Tail abouts long as the body, oval, taper-
ing, and pointed: back brown, marked with. trans-
verse, irregular blue bands, which extend over the
upper part of the tail: beneath ash colour, or dark
brown in the young animal.

Length five inches.

Inhabits New Jersey. A specimen was t Widod hy-
bernating beneath the moist leayes, in the woods :
sometimes visits the water. Cab. of A. N. Ss.

e&

SALAMANDRA sineiput- -albida,

Ss. ssdionie- -albida, Green. Journ. Acad. Nat, Sc. Vol. I. p. 352.

Char. —Nose white: tail shorter than the body,
thick, tapering, and pointed ; above dirty ferruginous:
beneath yellowish.

Length 3 inches, »

Inhabits New Jersey. Placed provisionally. wish
the land salamanders, from the form of its tail.

SALAMANDRA erythronota.

S. erythronota, Raf. Green, Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. Vol. I. p. 336.

_ Char.—Tail rather shorter ‘than the body, eylin-
drical, tapering, and pointed: above red, mixed with
brown; the colours forming a stripes from the snout
to the end of the tail : bereati cinereous: throat whi-
-tish. The young haye no brown mixed eee the red.
Length 4 inches. ‘pouns dade

eg

330 NORTH “AMERICAN REPTILIA.

Inhabits New Jersey, under stones, &c. in high
places,

SALAMANDRA cinerea.

S. cinerea, Green. Journ. ead Nat. Sc. Vol. I. p. 356:

Char. —Tail longer than the body, aay
tapering, and pointed: back dark brown, sprinkled
with white dots: beneath, black and white, mixed :
throat whitish. Toes very minute 5 3 four before, five
behind.

Length 4 inches: es

Inhabits New Jersey. eb Meg: in the cabinet
of the, Acad. from South Carolina.

SALAMANDRA glutinosa..

S. glutinosa, Green. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Vol. I. p. 357.
Char.—Tail nearly twice the length of the body,
slightly compressed near the end: above’ blackish,
marked with white spots : beneath black.
‘Length 6 inches. ot ee
Inhabits New Jersey. . 9 se

SALAMANDRA fusca.

. 8. fusca, Green. Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. Vol. I. p. 357.
Char.—Tuil the length ‘of the body, tapering,
slightly compressed: above iiniformly yellowish-
brown: beneath white, with a line on ‘each side of
black spots: throat spotted with bidicks.* *:pesnQtes
‘Length 3 inches, a {BER
Inhabits New Jersey. ae

ee eee ae. eS ee

a il al aaa

Pn
4,

3

NORTH AMERICAN REPTILIA. 331

4

Water SALAMANDERS.

Tail always vertically compressed, sometimes fring-
ed; passing most. of their time in or near the water.
~ SALAMANDRA maculata,
= om

s. maculata, Geen Wears Acad. Nat. Sc. Vol. I. p. 350,

Char. —Tail about as. long as the body, slightly
compressed = above whitish, sprinkled with. sail
_reddish- brown spots: beneath white.

Length 5 inches. '
_Inhabits New cones Cab. of the A. N.S,

ee

Satawannea subfusea,

Uy, subfusca, Green, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Vol. I. p. 351.
Char.— Tail rather shorter than the body: above
of an olive- -brown, marked with dark spots : beneath
yellowish, and spotted.
Length 6 inches. .
Inhabits New Jersey.

SALAMANDRA longicaudata.

'S. longicauda, Green.” Journ. Acad Nat. Se. Vol. I. p. 531.
ar.— Tail nearly twice the length of the body,
npressed and pointed: above, yellowish-brown, »
sp stted with black dots, assuming the form of trans-
verse bands on the tail: beneath whitish.

Length 6 inches.

332 NORTH AMERICAN REPTILIA:
iki the swamps of New Jersey. —
in pe sna of the Academy. | ws
iasoerden Sauanakona m —?

8. nigra, Green Journ. tot I

lied above tacks sides!

beneath whitish. oan Pe ay
Bene 4 inches.) 8F8. iS RO ae
~ Inhabits Pennsylvania. - Specimens in th

of the Academy. pitts t 8 se

ve SALAMANDRA bis-lineata. ©
Ss. bis-lineata, Green. Toute: Acad. Nat. Sc. Vol: I. p. 325.
Char. —Tait’ longer than the body, compressed :
above cinereous, with two, sometimes three dark
lines ; if three, the middle one broadest near’ the head,
and about the length of the hei ib a hem, or
yellowish. CURL ees
Length tabhes. Lae a m8 “eb irtsigh
Inhabits New Jersey. ay fg

SALAMANDRA pulrie

s. rubra, Dandin. Hist. Nat. des Reptiles.

Synonyma. S- rubriventris, Green, (perhaps a bass ourh.
of the Acad. Nat. Sc. Vol. peS8S.0 0 essen aa ite

‘Char:—Tail shorter than’ the body; comp
above — — — mies sides red : beneath
red. Pr igag ans nen ae egae o a

Length 7 saci ‘otek 9 eiagainen $

Inhabits New Jersey. Cab. of the A.N.S:

NORTH AMERICAN REPTILIA, 333
SALAMANDRA pica.
i
‘Ss. picta, Harlan. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Vol. V. p. 136.

Char. —vAbove Blackish or Hil colour: beneath
yellowish or nge colour: skin beneath the
neck, folded: head large: tail nearly the Hivetbn of the
body, compressed. at the end.

_ Length 4 ine

Inhabits Pennsylvania ‘Specimens i in the Cab, fa

<

a

Sacaaehereea sjnsteasiiion.

7 i Suelio, Say, Silliman’s Oa Vol. Le pe 264.
5 symmetrica, Harlan. Journ. Acad. Nat, Sc. Vol. V. p. 158.

Char. —Above. dusky-brown or fuscous: beneath
orange-yellow: a row of deep. orange-coloured spots
on each side of the spine, symmetrically arranged:

~ tail compressed, longer than the ney:

Length 3 inches.

Inhabits South Carolina, sometimes iia the hark
of dead trees. Specimens in the Cab. of Acad.

SALAMANDRA /lavissima. .

5. flavissima, Harlan, Silliman’s J ournal, March, 1825..

q

bove brownish-yellow: beneath’ clear.
yellow: back marked with three black lines:
ail compressed, longer than the eee
Length 3 inches. vs

$ VOL. V.—JANUARY, 1827. 43

334 non gaa REPTILIA.

Inhabits Peni peecingws in. the. pabinet
of the Acad. 1 4

SALAMANDRA variolata.
‘S. pany Gilliams. Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. Vol. I. 400. pl.

Ghar —Body black, with a slight violaceous tinge,
and irregular white spots, more numerous on the sides,
wanting on the ventre and inferior portion’ of the
tail: tail very slightly compressed near the end.
Length 3 inches. =
Inhabits southern states: ee in — fae
of the Acad. a ee
A variety of this species, ach larger, dark dees" g
colour above, lighter beneath: fail whitish beneeth,”
and proportionably longer and less tapering: Occurs
in Pennsylvania. Cab. of the A. N.S.

~ 6th Genus. RANA. Linneus.

“The Linnean genus Rana, includes the. modern
genera, Rana, Hyla, Bufo, and Pipa.

All the modern genera possess the following: ie
racters in common: four legs, ‘with four toes before,
five behind ; sometimes the rudiment of a sixth: head
flat, snout rounded: throat very large: tongue at-
tached at the. borders of the jaw, and reflected at the
extremity: skeleton destitute of ribs and ste
eyes furnished with a third lid; inspire by
the muscles of the throat!; expire by the 2
_the abdominal muscles: no tail in the adult state.
Larve or Tadpoles, furnished with large fleshy tails,

NORTH AMERICAN, REPTurA. 335

ahd small corneous beak 5 brauchise Pieath the skin,
_ attached to four cartilaginous arches. Feeding prin-
cipally on insects, whieh they search for on dry land.

ee

Frogs, PROPERLY sO ‘Cxuten.

_GENvs. RANA. Of modern authors,

. Characters of the Giaele —Body sind hind
feet very long, strong; and palmated: skin for the
most part smooth: upper jaw serrated : palate armed
with one or more transverse rows of teeth, or serrated
eminences.. The larve possess but one branchial

cr and that dlways on the left side.
! ae Rana pipiens.

SynonymMa. Bullfrog, Bartram, Catesby, Brown, Kalm.
Rana maxima, Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carol. Vol. Il. p. 72. pl.

» Rana catesbiana, Shaw, Gen. Zool. Vol. II. part 1. p. 106. pl. 33.
3 Bana Be, Linn. .

Char.—Above een recy beneath whitish :
arms and legs'striped with black : head and fore —
of the body more or-less green.
» Length of the body, from 6 to 10 situa’ 3 of the
hind legs, from 8 to 12 inches.’
“Inhabits the middle states ; common in the vicinity
of Philadelphia. cone

'
t

~ Rana clamata. St: canes *

? Poe Rana dualiie: Daua.
Le eriard, Idem. . Vulgo, the bawling frog.

ERICAN REPTILAA.

-Above i reous: beneath whitish :
snout more or less §
within, obsoletely
black. : , F
Length of the say, about 3 indie of the hind
legs, 4 inches.

Inhabits the middle states 5 the most common of all
our frogs. _ 4 ‘

~ Rawa ocellata.

Synonrma. Rana mécima virginiana, Seba.

Rana pentadactyla, Linn. Gmel.

Rava ocellata, Linn. ; :

Argus frog, Shaw, Gen. Zool. Vol: Ill. pt. 1. p. 108. a: ra

Grunting frog, Bartram’s Travels through North and South
Carolina, &c. p. 276.

Rana grunniens ? Daudin.

~ 2

Char.—In form and size resembling the “ Pi-
piens :” above brownish, or greenish, with irregular
deeper coloured spots: beneath whitish, granulated
under the belly and thighs; round brownish spots,
surrounded with a clear teint’ upon the flanks, Leaf
tocks and thighs.

Inhabits Florida and Mexico.

Rana melanota.

Rana melanota, Rafinesque, Vulgo, Black-frog.

Char.—Back olivaceous-black : a yellow streak on
the sides of the head: chin, throat, and inside of

¢

NORTH AMERI PTILIA. 337
the legs. whitish, - w t ots: belly white,
immculase. iia eee * ;

- Total length 2: inches .
Inhabits Lake Chewy in and bake. Georges

rt 3

Rana Riliediek

~ Synonyma. Rana pipiens, Schneider, Schreber, Shaw.
Rana aquatica, Catesby, Carolina, p. 70: Vol: IL.
Rana ocellata ? Kalm, Trav. in North America, Ye ifs
Shad frog, Bartram, ‘Trav. p. 278.

Char.—Above light cinereous: beneath white’:
marked above with irregularly’ disposed’ blotches
body and dimbs elongated. —

—— of the body 3: inches; of the hind legs

} inches.

“Inhabits sha site and the southern states:

. Rites iste cdideriae.

Rana utricularivs, Harlan. American J ournal of Science, and
__ Arts, by B. Silliman, M. D. Vol. X. p. 60, 1825:

Char.—Above dark olivaceous-green: beneath —
" white: back with sub-oval blackish spots: a vocal ve-
sicle on each side of the neck : legs with a few black:
ish bands.
Length of the body about 3 inches; of the hind
legs more than 4 inches.
Inhabits cepts and New Jersey. seat

hiaieaaiab dark 9 ee snout green:
throat yellow: abdomen Dhite: a golden cola line
above the scapule. | -
Length of the body 3 inches; of the hind legs 4

inches.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.

lliman’s J ournal, ut ‘supra,

Rana flaviviridis..

« Rana Aaviviridis, Harlan: Silliman’s Journal, ut supra.

Synonyma. Rana, fontinalis ? Le Conte, Ann. of Lyceum, Vol.
I. p. 282.

Yellow throated green frog.

- Spring frog ? Bartram, manuscript notes, cag: me.

Char. Above. clear lively green: beneath white :
throat yellow: buttocks mottled with black spots: body
rather clumsy : abdomen large: snout rather obtuse.

Length of the body 3 inches; of the hind: legs
more than 4 inches: breadth of the head 1 mea

Inhabits the middle states.

%

Rana sylvatica. ‘

Silbathes: Rana aytoatica, Le Conte. Ann: of the Lye. ofNew
York, Vol. 1. Pp: PBZ. di : ‘yi ss we

Rana pennsylvanica, Harlan. ‘Silliman’s Journal, ot, supra,
Vulgo, bis £

Char.—Above olive- anew or drab. ‘ela a
neath white: a black vitta,, shamarieia, ‘on the side

———

ee

NORTH AMERICAN REPTILIA. 339

of the snout, passes backwards, dilating and involving
the eye and.tympanum: posterior extremities kn

- letely fasciated.

Length rather smaller, ged more slender pont the
clamata.
Inhabits the middle states. Cab. of ae Riis Cau

Rana palustris.

Synonyaa. Rana palustris, Le Conte, Ann. ‘ot the Lyceum,
Vol. I. p. 282.

Rana puilet Harlan. Silliman’s Journal, ut supra. .

Vulgo, Leopard, Zebra, or Fee fre |

Char:—Above darkecinerdous beneath white,
lighter on the flanks, snout and extremities: interior
surface of the limbs yellowish : a row of dark-green
spots on each side of the spine, extending the whole
length of the back: two longitudinal, rows on the
flanks: posterior extremities striped with broad,
transverse, greenish lines or bands...

Length of the body 3 OES 3 of the hind les 4
inches 3 tenths. — ;

Inhabits Pennsylvania, “Cabinet of the ee

- Rana pumila.

Rana elas Le Conte. Ann. of Lyceum, Vol. I. p.. 282. : A
Char.—Body pale ‘green: back with a decurved
line on each side, bounded with dusky: head with a
triangular spot between’ the eyes: legs havred with

dusky.
‘Length ? ——

340° NORTH AMERICAN REPTILIA.
Rana gryllus.

Synonyma. Rana gryllus, Le Conte. Ann. of the Lye. Vol. I.
p. 282. Savanna cricket, Bartram’s Travels, p. 278. Erroneous-
ly supposed by Daudin to be the young of the Hyla lateralis. _

Char.—Above warty ; colour various: a dark tri-
angular spot on the top of the head between the eyes:
a.pale line extending from the apex of this spot to
the vent: hind part of the thighs yellowish or white,
with one or two lines of dusky or brown.

Length about one-inch and‘a half. ..

Inhabits the southern and middle states: frequents
the grass, and verges of ponds. Cab. of the Acad.

Rana dorsalis.
Rana dorsalis, Harlan. © (New ae)

Char. — Above fuscous, smooth, with a en,
white, longitudinal vertebral band, bifurcating ante-
riorly, and extending over’ each eye: snout above,
pale or whitish: beneath white: throat and. inner
part of the thighs, freckled : buttocks white, with two
brownish transverse lines : a white line on the side of

» the neck, extending from the eye to the scapula. —
‘Length of the body ¥ of an inch; of the legs 13
inches. .This measurement being takes from the
largest: of seven < dase
_. Inhabits Florida. Specimens in the Cabinet ofthe
A. N. Ss. Wis ‘kee ge y

NORTH AMERICAN REPTILIA. 341
“RANA nigrita.
Rana nigrita, Le Conte. Annals of the Lyceum, ut supra.

Char.—Above black, speckled with white warts :
middle of the back cinereous, with ‘an interrupted
stripe of black : upper lips with a white line: beneath
granulated, whitish: /egs barred with whitish ; hind
part of the thighs brown ; hind legs very long.

Length? :

7th Genus. HYLA. ~ Roesel, Daudin, Cuvier.

Characters of the Genus. .—Living chiefly on | trees
during: ‘the summer, and temperate weather 5 preying
on insects; changing the colour of the skin, so as to
resemble the substances on which they rest ; hyberna-
ting in the mud, and generating like the frog; hind
toes semipalmate; with the extremity of each toe
sutrounded with a mucous tubercle: skin more or less
granulated : colour changeable.

Hyta Jateralis.

Synonyma. Rana arborea, varietas B. Linn. Gmel.

Hyla viridis, Laurenti, Catesby.

Calamita carolinensis, Pennant.

Calamita cinerea, Schneider.

La raine flancerayée, Daudin, sei " ik
La calamate ston ee Schneider. ’

Char.—Body smooth above, lively green: beneath —
whitish, or pale-green, granulated : a straight, 1

VOL: v.—-JanuaRyY, 1827. Ad

342 NORTH AMERICAN REPTILIA.

line, of a yellow or silvery colour, bordering the su-

perior lip, prolonged on the flanks, and —
extremities: ivis golden.

Length one and a half inches.
Inhabits the southern states and Surinam: frequents

_water plants, according to Le Conte. Cabinet of the

A. N.S.

Hyva femoralis.

Sywonyma. Laraine fémorale, Daudin, Hist. Nat. des Reptiles
par Latreille, planche enluminée.

Char.—Above dark cinereous, marked with a few
confluent spots of dusky, largest between the eyes:
beneath whitish, granulated: head rather obtuse:
thighs, exterior spotted with ‘yellow: degs bordered
with dusky.

Length .one and a half, to one and three quarters
of an inch. Colours various: a variety with the back
chiefly occupied with a large irregular blotch: Jegs
barred.

Inhabits the southern states. Cabinet of the A. . Ss.
Hyia squirella.

Synonyma. La raine squirelle, Daudin.
Hyla ocularis, var. Le Conte.

Char.—Above brown-cinereous : beneath whitish,
granulated; a dusky, or various coloured ‘band, ex-
tending from the nostrils to the eyes, and a narrow
white stripe extending from near the nostrils along

NORTH AMERICAN REPTILIA. 343

the upper lip, reaching to near the fore-leg : iighe
yellow on the exterior : legs barred. )

Length more than 1 inch. '

Coloured by Daudin, from a specimen in spirits.

“Var. A. Above cinereous, with a bar between
the eyes: back with a few spots of dusky, sometimes
confluent, sometimes uniting into a lateral line.

Var. B. Above cinereous, irregularly spotted with
darker : line between the eyes broken.

Var: C. Above brown, immaculate: exterior of
the thighs not yellow.”’ (Le Conte.)

Inhabits the southern states. According. to Bosc,
the young resemble the common frog of Europe.
Cabinet of the: A, N.S,

Hyta delitescens.

Hyla delitescens, Le Conte. Ann. of Lyc. Vol. I. Pp. 281.

Char.—Above cinereous, spotted with darker :
beneath whitish, granulated : head rather obtuse : lips
whitish: chin speckled with brown: exterior of the
thighs, and inner surface of arms and legs, yellow.

Length about 2 inches.

Inhabits. Georgia, under. the bark of. trees.

Hyxa versicolor.

_ Hyla versicolor, Le Conte, ut supra.

Char.—Above verrucose, colour varying with: the
will of the animal from pale-brown to cinereous and
green: back more or less marked)with an acute angled

%

sagt NORTH AMERICAN REPTILIA.

cross: beneath white, granulated: head small: hind
part of the abdomen, and hind legs, beneath, ="
Length two inches.
Inhabits the northern and middle states; has more
the resemblance of a toad than the other a
Cabinet of the A. N. S.

8th Genus. BUFO. Daudin, Cuvier, ke. :

Characters of the Genus.—Body thick, contracted,
and for the most part warty above, and granulated
beneath : tongue short and thick: fore feet four-toed,
fissile: hind feet five-toed, mostly palmated: destitute
of teeth, but having the upper jaw grooved, the lower
jaw closing within the channel of the upper: a gland
behind each eye ia most instances.

Buro musicis.

Synonyma. Rana musica, Linn. Gmel.
Bufo clamosa, Schneider.

Le criard, Daub. Lacépéde, Bow &e.
Land-toad, Catesby.
Land-frog, Bartram.

Char.—Above deep-brown, verrucose, with: ir-
regularly disposed fuscus, or blackish spots, edged
with white: beneath dirty white, granulated: sides
pale, spotted: /egs barred: large oblong warts behind
the eyes: a large blackish spot posterior to the tym-
panum : head above canaliculate: two tubercles on the
heal of each foot: a in Pht shallow
groove. asta

Length of the body about 3 inches.

NORTH AMERICAN REPTILIA. 345

_. Inhabits the southern and middle states. Mostly
leaps, seldom crawls 3 preying 0 on living insects a
Cabinet of the A. N.S.

Buro cognatus.

Bufo cognatus, Say. Long’s Exp. to the Rocky Mountains, Vol.
: Ht. p- 190.

Char. — Body above dark brownish, verrucose ;
papille and their disks black: beneath whitish, granu-
lated : head with a short groove: sides and legs with
irregular cinereous lines: verruce behind the eyes
moderate; a cinereous vitta extending along the ver-
tebrz, with three oblique lateral lines.

. Length about 4 inches.

Inhabits the plains of Missouri.. A specimen in
the Philadelphia Museum. Y

Var. A. The reddish-brown, or brick-coloured
toad of Bartram; very large, weighing near one
pound when full grown : legs and thighs marked with
blotches and ringlets. Inhabits the southern states.
The Red toad of Pennsylvania is but little ci than
the B. musicus.

Orver.. OPHIDIA,* or cre

Characters of the Order.—Body long, more or less
cylindrical, covered with scales or plates, sometimes
annulated, tuberculated, or granulated: casting their
exuvie for the most part twice annually : destitute of
feet : tail sometimes long, at others short : : Jaws armed
with short teeth ; also, perforated fangs in the poison-

* From O¢%—Serpents.

.

346 NORTH AMERICAN REPTILIA.

ous species: tongue long, extensible, and bifurcated,
with few exceptions: top of the head covered with
plates, or with scales; in some instances, with both
plates and scales ; in others, smooth.*

1st Genus. OPHISAURUS. Daudin.

Characters of the Genus.—Body rather thick, ob-
long, cylindrical; on each side a longitudinal fold:
tail long, cylindrical, tapering: smooth plates on the
head : furnished with eye-lids: ears visible externally :
tongue extensible, notched at the extremity: scales
square, symmetrically arranged, so as to appear lon-
gitudinal or transverse: anus simple, transverse:
minute sharp teeth to each jaw ; destitute of or a
branches, or poisonous fangs.

Opnisaurus ventralis.

SyNonyMa. , Anguie ventralis, Linn., ‘Gnel, , Schneider.
Chamasaura ventralis, Schneider, Gar Phil. Trans.
* Cecilia maculata, Catesby, Hist. Carol. pl. LIX.
Glass-snake, Bartram’s Travels in North and Sutil Carolina.
Le jaune et brun, Daubenton, Encyc. Meth. Idem, Lacépéde.
L’anguis jaune et brun, Latreille. ,
Anguis ventral; anguis lamproie, Bose. Dict. @Hist. Nat. édit.
de Déterville. :
Ophisaurus ventralis, Dandin. Hist. Nat. des Rept. pl. 88.

* Any attempt to draw specific characters. from a difference
in the number of abdominal plates, or subcaudal scales, as first
proposed by Lacépéde, is altogether nugatory, an immense
difference existing in this respect in the same species: nor has
the enumeration of the teeth for a similar purpose, proposed
by M. P. de Beauvois, proved more successful.

NORTH AMERICAN REPTILIA. 347

Char.—Above with fourteen longitudinal ranges of
nearly square scales: abdomen with twelve longitudi-
nal ranges of smooth scales, and forming about 120
transverse ranges, similar to rings: beneath the tail
similar to the abdomen: colour above brownish, with
the sides of the head and neck spotted with black:
abdomen and back separated by a longitudinal fold
or groove, which terminates at. the anus. Length
between two and three feet.

Inhabits the southern states. Cabinet of A. N. S.

2nd Gunvs.. COLUBER, Linn.

Characters of the Genus.—Body long, cylindrical
_and tapering: head.oblong, covered above with smooth
polygonal plates: above covered with rhomboidal
scales, reticulated or carinated : abdomen with trans-
verse plates; beneath the tail with double plates:
anus transverse, simple: jaws furnished with sharp
teeth : without poisonous fangs. Some species ovipa-
“rous, others ovo-viviparous.

Coxvuner obsoletus.

€. obsoletus, Say. Long’s. Exp. to the Rocky Mountains, Vol.
. I. p. 140.

Char.—Above black : beneath whitish, with large
subquadrate black spots, which are confluent and pale-
bluish towards the tail: throat and neck pure white:
sides between the seales with red marks. ~

Length about five feet; tail about one fifth.

ae

348 ‘NORTH AMERICAN REPTILIA.

Abdominal plates, from 223 to 228: caudal scales
from 67 to 84.

Inhabits Missouri. A specimen in the Philadel
phia Museum.

CoLuBER constrictor.

~Synonyma. Coluber constrictor, Linn. Gmel. Kalm. Trav. in
N. America, Vol: IIL. p. 136.
Black-snake, Catesby’s Carolina, Vol. Il. pl. XLVIII.
Le serpent lien, Daub, Enc. Method. Idem, Lacépéde.
_ La coulewvre lien, Latreille, Daudin.
Coluber ovivorus, Linn. Syst. Nat.
La couleuvre ovivore, Latreille, Lacépéde, Daudin.
Chicken snake, of Bartram. Vulgo, Racer, or Black-snake.

Char.—Above blackish-blue: beneath slate-colour:
throat and lips white: head above covered with
plates: scales of the back, rhomboidal or hexagonal,
slightly carinated. Length from three to six feet;
tail about two sevenths.

Abdominal plates from 176 to 186: caudal scales
from 88 to 98. :

Inhabits North America; very common in the
middle states: feeding on small animals; climbing
trees in search of birds nests: suffocating its prey in
its folds, like the Boa Constrictor. Cab. of theA.N. 5S.

CoLuBERr festaceus.:

C. testaceus, Say. Long’s Exp. to the Rocky senitaians + Vol
, If. p. 48.

Char—Abane pale sanguineous, or testaceous :
deneath sanguineous, immaculate: scales large: size

NORTH AMERICAN REPTILIA. 349

of the black-snake (C. constrictor.) Abdominal plates
198: caudal scales 80. Inhabits Missouri. A speci-
men in the Philadelphia Museum.

Coxtvuser ordinatus.

Synonyma. Coluber ordinatus, Linn. Gmel., and Gronovios.

Coluber cerulescens, Boddaert.

Little green snake, Catesby, ‘Carol. Vol. Il. pl. LIL.

Blue spotied snake, Shaw. :

Dibibe, Daubenton, Lacépéde, Latreille, Dandin,

C. biponctuée, Latreille.

Garter snake, Say, Long’s Exp. to the Rocky Mountains, Vol.
I. p. 375. This popular name is applied ee to
several very distinct species.

Char:—Colour bluish, marked with black and
cloudy spots, with a row of black dots under the flanks,
anda green line on the back. (According to Catesby,
the colour is spotted green above.) Head covered
with plates. ;

Total length two feet; tail four inches. Abdominal
plates 138: caudal scales from 65 to 74.

Inhabits South Carolina.

Cortnen parietals.

Cc. salamaany Say. Long’s Expedition to the Rocky ‘Mountains,
Vol. I. p. 186.

Char.—Above blackish, with three ella fillits, ©

_ and about eighty red concealed spots: beneath bluish,

a series of black dots on each side.
Total length one foot ; tail four inches.
Abdominal plates 165: caudal scales 88.”

VOL. V.—JaNvaRy, 1827. : a 8

i

iS; 350 NORTH AMERICAN REPTILIA.

Inhabits Missouri. Specimens in the Philadelphia
Museum.

CoLuser filiformis.

Synonyma. Coluber filiformis, Linn. Gmel.

Anguis flagelliformis, Catesby, Carol. pl. LIV.

Natrix fiiformis, Laurenti.

Le fil, Daub. Lacépéde.

La coulewore filiforme, Latreille. Vulgo, Coach-whip snake.

Char.—Above entirely brown, or obscure livid:
beneath whitish, with a black vitta near each eye,
prolonged on the side of the neck.

Length from four to six feet, very slender and
tapering. Abdominal plates 165; caudal scales 158.

Silex bits Carolina. ;

Co.user Jflagelliformis...°

Synonyma, Coluber mycterizans, Linn. Gmel. and Gronovius.
Natrix colore magis virescente, Gmel. syst. Nat. p..1119.
' Anguis viridis, Catesby,. Carol. Vol. 2. pl. LVIE.
La fouet de cocker, Daudin. Coach-whip snake of the Anglo-
Americans, " 2}

Nei ohisas,
Char.—Above entirely grass-green: beneath whit-

ish, with a longitudinal pale line on each flank. —
Length between two and three feet; tail one third.

Abdominal plates 187 ; caudal scales 147.5
Inhabits South Saseling: : : i

ae

' NORTH AMERICAN REPTILIA. 351

CoLuBER sipedon.

Synonyma. Coluber sipedon, Linn. Gmel. :
Le sipede, Daub. Lacépéde, Latreille. Vulgo, Brown water-

snake.

Char.—Above dusky-brown: beneath whitish, or
yellowish-brown, speckled with black.

Total length four feet four inches: tail 14 salies.
Abdominal plates 136 ; caudal scales 54.

Inhabits middle states. Specimens in the Cabinet
of the A. N.S.

This species, the most common in the vicinity of
Philadelphia ; first discovered by Kalm, and. named
by Linnaeus, has never been correctly described by

~ succeeding naturalists.

Description.—Body thick and long: tail short and
abruptly tapering: head thick and short: scales ob-
long, hexagonal, notched at the lower end, strongly

’ carinated: colour above, unvaried dirty brown, or of

a dusky, dead-leaf appearance : sides reddish-brown:
abdomen whitish or yellowish-brown, freckled with
black, particularly beneath the tail; in some instances
the flanks or sides obsoletely banded with black : pos-
terior occipital plates large, oblong, and rounded pos-
teriorly, arranged as follow: postoccular 8, interoc-
cular 3, antoccular 12, Jabial 18. Living chiefly in
or near the water, feeding principally on live frogs ;
hybernating in the mud: sometimes attains to five feet
‘in length.

352 NORTH AMERICAN REPTILIA. >

CoLuBER saurita.

Synonyma. Coluber saurita, Linn. Gmel.
Riband snake, Catesby, Carol. Vol. 2. pl. L.
Le Saurite, Daub. Lacépéde, Latreille, Daudin.

Char.—Above deep brown, with three longitudinal
stripes of a whitish or light green colour: beneath
light green: head small, oblong; covered with plates :
scales similar to those of the C. sipedon.

Length about two feet; tail one third, long and
tapering. Abdominal plates from 154 to 159: cownal
scales from 117 to 122.

Inhabits southern and middle states. Sileclifiehs
in the Cab. of A. N. S.

CoLuBER sirtalis.

_Synonyma. Coluber sirtalis, Linn. Gmel.
Le sirtale, Daub., Lacépéde, Latreille, Daud. Vulgo, Garter-
snake, in Pennsylvania.

Char.—Ibove brown, marked with a longitudinal ©
vertebral line, and one on each side, of a yellowish
green colour: back spotted with black dots; scales
oblong, strongly carinated, largest on the sides: de-
neath yellowish-green, lighter on the throat and lips:

‘abdominal plates with two black spots; one.at the
union with the lateral scales, the other a little distant.

Total length 2 feet 3 inches ; of the tail’ 54 wiecnae
Abdominal plates 150; caudal scales 60. ;

Inhabits Pennsylvania. Specimens in the Cab. of
A.N.S. Hitherto not accurately described.

"NORTH AMERICAN REPTILIA. 353
CoLUBER prozimus.

C. proximus, Say. Long’s Exp. to the Rocky Mountains, Vol.
I. p. 187.

Char.—Above black, trilineate ; vertebral line
ochraceous; lateral line yellowish; a double white spot
on the parietal plates: beneath tinged with greenish-

ue.

Total length two feet; tail seven inches. Ab-
dominal plates 178: caudal scales 86.

Inhabits Missouri. Specimens in the Philadelphia
Museum.

«This species differs from the Saurita in the nu-
merical proportion which its sub-caudal scales bear to
its plates; from the Ordinatus,* by being destitute —
of the two series of black points beneath ; it is a much
more slender serpent than the parietalis, and the tail
is proportionably longer.” (Say.)

CoLuBER Jflaviventris.

_ J. flaviventris, Say. Long’s Exp. to. the Rocky Mountains, Vol.
I. p. 185. he
Char.—Above olivaceous: beneath yellow: lower

‘aw beneath white: scales destitute of carena. - ‘
Total length 3 feet 11 inches ; tail 11 inches. Ab-
lominal plates 176: caudal scales 84...
Inhabits Missouri.

* Cotuser sirtalis, Linn.

“$54 NORTH AMERICAN REPTILIA,

» | CoxLuseEr striatulus.

Srnonvuk. Coluber Striatulus, Linn. Gmel. Bosc.
Le Strié, Daub., Lacépéde.
. Le couleuvre striatulée, Latreille, Daudin, &c.

Char.— Above’ of a eieat brown colour, with ol
boidal, strongly carinated scales: beneath whitish-
gray : head oval, covered with nine plates. —

. Length nine inches ; “tail two inches. Abdominal
plates from 126 to 132: caudal scales from 25 to 45.

Inhabits South Carolina; frequents woody places.
Specimens in the Cab. of the A. N. S.

fe

CoLUBER punctatus. 1 lofi

Synonyma. Coluber punctatus, Linn. and Gmel.
Le ponctuée, Daub., Lacépéde, Latreille, and Daudin.

Char.—Albove plumbeous, finely pointed with
gray: beneath reddish-yellow, with three longitudina
and parallel rows of plumbeous and sub-triangula:
points; beneath the tail immaculate: head rather oval
flattened, with a white spot or band oe wine
the occiput. .

Total length nine inches; tail two aingin Ab
dominal plates 136 to 140: caudal scales 43 to 48:

Inhabits South Carolina, under the bark of tre’s.
A specimen in thé Cab. of A. N. S.

© NORTH AMERICAN REPTILIA. » BBR *

CoLUBER ameznus. |

C. amenus, Say. Journal of the A. N. S. Vol. IV. p. 237.

Char.—Above brown or blackish: beneath bright

red: ¢ail short, with an abrupt solid conic tip.
Length from 4 to 10 inches ; tail ;%, of total length.
Abdominal plates from 118 to 134: eaaal scales 32
to 38.
TInhabits Pennsylvania; found beneath stones and
logs: not very common. Specimens in the Cab. of

A. N, S.

CoLuBeERr rigidus.

C. rigidus, Say. Journal of the A. N.S. Vol. IV. p. 239.

Char.—Above dark fuscous or blackish: beneath
& yellow, with two black lines.
Total length 20 inches ; of the tail 4 inches. Ab-
. dominal plates 133: ‘anti scales 51.
Inhabits the southern states. . A specimen in the
» Cab. of A. N. S.

CoLuBER septemvittatus.

C. septemvittatus, Say. Journ. of the A. N, S. Vol. IV. p, 240.

Char.—Above brownish, with three blackish lines
beneath yellow, with four blackish lines.

Total length 9 inches 345 of the tail 23 inches.
Abdominal plates 143: caudal scales 70.

JInhabits Pennsylvania. Specimens in the Cab. of
the A. N.5.

356 © NORTH AMERICAN REPTILIA, ©)
CoLuBer porcatus.

Synonyma. Coluber porcatus, Bosc. Manuscript notes.
. La coulewore a stries, Latreille.
Copper-belly snake, Catesby, Carolin. Vol. 2, pl. XLVI
Coluber aquaticus ? Shaw.
La couleuvre sillonnée, Daudin.

Char.—.Above brown, sprinkled with darker; with
obsolete reddish bands on the flanks: beneath whitish,
spotted with red ; each plate at its base marked with
two sub-triangular spots: colours on the tail less dis-
tinct.

Total length two feet; tail 7} inches. Abdominal
plates 128 : caudal scales 68.

Inhabits South Carolina.

CoLUBER coccineus.

Synonyma. Coluber coccineus, Linn. Gmel.
Coulewvre écarlate, Latreille, Daudin. Hist. Nat, so rage )
pl. 83. Vulgo, earn” : *

Char,—Above of a lively blood-red ine with
twenty-one or twenty-two transverse yellowish bands,
bordered with black ; the first band being situated on
the posterior part of the head : beneath —— im-
maculate.

Total length 2 feet ; tail . . Abdominal — from
161.to 175: caudal scales 35 to 43. ‘

Inhabits South Carolina; feeding on grasshoppers
and other insects.

J

“a
-

NORTH AMERICAN REPTILIA. 357
CoLuBER heterodon.

Synonyma, Couleuvr'e hétérodou, Daudin ; fig.
Heterodon platirhinos,.Latreille.. sie
Coluber stmus, Linn. Gmel. ,

Le camus, Daub., Lacépéde, Latreille.

Bee contortric: ? ape Vulgo, Hog-nose snake.

Char. — Above blackish, sometimes ainaien with
Pique: and bifid bands of a pale reddish-gray colour :

beneath whitish, immaculate: head short and trian-—

gular: nose flattened, pointed, slightly yw and
carinated above.

Total length from one to three feet. ‘Abdorsiat
plates from 119 to 150: caudal scales 38 to 40.

Inhabits New Jersey; bold, but innoxious. A

‘specimen in the Cab. of A. N.S.

CoLuBER wstivus.

‘Synonyma. © Coluber estious, Lion. Gmel. :
Le verdétre, Daub., Lacépede,. Latreille.
. La coulewvre verte été; Daudin. :

Green-snake, Catesby, Carol. pl. 47, and Bartram, Tray. in

_ North and South Coolings, Vol. I. Pp | aa

“ ‘tine: — Above brilliant green: Benedith nearly
white: body slightly compressed at ‘the sides: tail
= and pointed : seales very slightly carinated.

‘Length about two feet ; tail 2 of total length. ““Ab-
dominal plates: from 155 to 199: cantiat seales from

128 to 144,00

‘Inhabits South Cite: “Spine in the Cab.

RENE BL css

> VoL. v. —FEBRUARY, 1827. : 46

%

358 NORTH AMERICAN REPTILIA.
CoLuBeEr fasciatus.

Syvoiteas.. Coluber fissdinten; Lin. Giel. :
Le vampum, Daub., Lacépéde, Latreille, Daudin. iS
Wampum snake, Catesby, Carol. pl. 58. - e 3 i

_Char.—Above bluish-black, with more than thirty
yellowish marks, alternately disposed on- each flank,
and a few transverse yellowish lines on the*back, be
fureated on the flanks: head blackish, cavers with

plates: tnferior lip yellowish. itu. “eho
Length four or five feet; tail 4. - Abdominal plates
from 128 to 138: caudal scales 66 Or 6F.13! jsta’}

Inhabits the southern states. Specimens in the
Cab: of A. N. S. heed

. CoLuser getulus.

- Sywonyma. Coluber getulus, Linn. Gmel.
La chaine, Daub. Lacépéde, Latreille, Daudin.
Chain snake, Catesby, Carol. Vol. I. fi 620°)

os

Char.—Above bluish-black, with ciate or ne
yellowish and transverse stripes; these lines uniting |
on the flank to a'longitudinal or zig-zag line, which -
at each inferior angle unites toa white, Spry, pro;
longed on the abdomen: beneath yéllo hites
spotted with bluish-black : lips bordered. with white: ©
plates of the head black, spotted with pees Inge on oY ieob

Length four.or five feet ; tail 3.
from 210 to 215: caudal scales 43 to a6 ~——

Inhabits South Carolina, as

ry
ie .

eM, NORTH AMERICAN REPTILIA. ~ 359
<<, ages seh “Convmen calligaster.

d ©. calligaster, Say. :
"Ket — Above fuscous, with three rows sof black
; blotches the vertebral row transversely oblong, and
large ; $a longitudinal row of smaller black blotches on.
each side: beneath rapa ote tail corneous at

tip.

Length about four feet. Abdiggsined shail 213:
ene seales 52.

Inhabits Missouri. Specimens in the Philadelphia
Museum ; one of which has eight sub-caudal entire
plates next the vent. The present description is taken
from the prepared aprenncey in the. ~~
Museum. .

-CoLUBER melanoleucus.

Synonyma. C. melanoleucus, Daudin..
La coulewvre noire et blanche, Idem.
Pine-snake and Bull snake, sc seer oh Trav. Vek ss a! 18-

Vulgo,, Horned snake.

J Char.—Above black and ‘edibles black Sill pre-
me vailing on the anterior’ half of the body: beneath yel-

: -Jowish-white, very ‘sparsely spotted v with black: tail

corneous at tip: scales on the back sub-carinated.
Length from four to six feet. “Abdominal i .

246: caudal scales 66. _ shiny
’ Inhabits the southern states: common in vale ne *

forests of New Jersey... Specimens in the Philadel-—
phia museum 3 anne in ayer ts ine 24

femey ey 3

&

360 NORTH AMERICAN REPTILIA.

Coluber melanoleucus.. Var. Say. Char.—Above
black and yellowish-white; the black arranged in
large blotches, the white in transverse bands: —_—
yellowish-white, with square blotches of black. —

. Length about five: feet. Abdominal pase sat (259
caudal scales 80. ~ reroll |

Inhabits Missouri. Described from a senha in
the naa Museum. ‘

Conuper eximus.

C.. eximus, Didier (Manuscript Notes.) Vulgo, Hsia mat
Chicken snake, or Thunder and Lightning snake. .

Char.—Above blackish, banded with hanya
white bands bifurcating on the sides, and becoming
confluent: beneath yellowish-white, spotted with
quadrangular black spots.

Length: grows to the length of the black-snake,
(C. constrictor) but.is much thicker ; the colours are
very lively and beautiful. Abdominal sg 250:
caudal scales 60.

Inhabits Pennsylvania. Specimens in the Phifa-
delphia Museum. (Not before described.)

. Couuzer floridanus. ~ a vote

c. foridanus (Nobis.) Vulgo, Red Chicken-enake of Florida. »

Char.—Above red or cupreous, with obsolete, nar-
row, transverse facie, bordered with black? reriepe
_ yellowish, or reddish-white. | ft
Total length three feet four inches ;' ail inches.
Abdominal plates’ 225 : caudal scales MG heat tha, ET
Inhabits East Florida. Cab. of A. N. S.’

ab ia

t

NORTH: AMERICAN REPTILIA. — 361
Conuner vernalis.

C; vernalis, Dey, (Manuscript notes.) Vulgo, Green-snake.

Char.— Above of a universal deep green colour:
beneath greenish-white: scales oblong, rhomboidal,
not carinate : plates on the head seven.

Total length one foot seven inches ; tail six inches...
Abdominal plates 127; caudal scales 57.

Inhabits Pennsylibia and. New Jersey. A speci-
men in the Cab. of A. N.S. (Not before described. i

CoLUBER airifuacie. (Nobis. )

igen: —Above uniformly —blackish- ‘ey with,
strongly carinated, oblong, rhomboidal scales: beneath
whitish, plates plumbeous at base, and at their union
with the lateral scales: beneath the tail: plumbeous,
spotted with yellowish: Aead covered with seyen
plates.

Length from two to four feet; tail one-fifth. Ab-
dominal plates 130: caudal scales 50..

~ Inhabits the southern states 5 climbing trees in

search of game. Described from a specimen: in spirits.
Cab. of A. N.S.

Conner ery throgrammts.

“vhs < wie a raies rouges, Daudin, pl. 9 met

_ Char.—Above dusky-black;, with a. longitudinal,
/_ vertebral, red line; and a similar lateral liné’on each
le of the back: flanks yellow; base of each scale
“ved: abdominal — red, bordered | ‘with yellow,

362 NORTH AMERICAN ePTaTAL

‘with black on the* middle, and ¢ on each eaveeaey of
the plates. _

Length five feet; tail one-sixth, Abdominal plates
162; caudal scales 49. fe

edpiagp the United States. Oe

+*Riites Jas
5 me

‘canted :

; Cotsen doliatus. aoe dae

Stitowrora. C. doliatus, Linn. and Gmel. ee
_ Etannelée, Daub.; Lacépede, Latreille. Oa he Awe
La couleuvre cree Daudin.

— Char. —Whitish, with black rings ; the rings fis:
_ posed alternately beneath: more regular on-the back:

. head sometimes blackish: scales smooth, rhomboidal.

Length seven inches: tail one inch five lines. Ab-
dominal plates. 164: scales 43...
Inhabits Carolina: © + arve vita. dag iteaae

3 opera maculatus. moa? G2 yA cd

Synonymas C. maculatus, or La buibieess sabe Dandi.
La coulewore tachetée,, Lacépéde, rane sare te detgie
Corn sie Catesby, Carol.-v. 2. 5a LY. . te fics)

Olen stein whitish, ithe ddngecseedlas spots,
bordered with blackish ; a double row of these spots
forming a zig-zag line: ‘eiieatt tee: sometimes —
_ spotted’: sedles cavinateds'. 9) oe) ots
Length two feet. « Aviominl plate 119
sealesVOp: fv: did; aan she Bp
“Inhabits Carolina and Louisianay \ :iclyhw<

: NORTH AMERICAN REPTILIA. oe
- CoLuser guttatus.
‘Synonyma. C. guttatus, Vidu. aad Gmel.
|, » La mouchetée, Daudin, Lacépéde. ,

- La couleuvre a gouttelettes, Daudin.
: Beed snake, misses te Carol. y..2. pl. LX.

‘the —Colour ak. marked shove with red and
black spots; with small lines.on the flanks; with al-
ternately square, black spots beneath.
_. Length from two-to four feet... Nearly of equal

thickness throughout. Abdom inal plates 223, or 230 ;

caudal seales 60... . ,
2 inhabits S. Carolina. Principally found in potato
patches. Mian ie

- t
t ,

CoLuBer molossus.

Syxnonyma. C. molossus, or La coulewore molosse, Daudin, and
Latreille.

Char.— Head ‘elongated, rather flattened, brick- —
red, with two rays more deep, bordered with brown :
- lips white, spotted with brown. Above of a pale-
brick colour, with» blackish-red, subquadrangular
spots, bordered with brown: sides with smaller spots
disposed in fascize : ianeneh vias with neers brown
spots. “~
Total length 23: ‘ellen; tail 3 inches. Atdontoal
plates from. 220 to 226 5 caudal scales 60 to 64. —
_ Inhabits S. Carolina, under bark, in the ncterte

Catbaee retieularise, ;

‘Syvonyma. C. reticularis, or C. reticulaire, Daudin, Latreille.

364 °°. NORTH AMERICAN REPTILIA.

Char.—Covered above with whitish scales, bor-
dered with white ; giving to the animal a reticulated
appearance: dorsal scales smooth and losange form.

Length four feet; tail one-fifth. Abdominal. =
220; caudal scales 80, . el

Inhabits Louisiana.

3d Genus. VIPERA. Daudin. “i

Characters of the Genus.—Differing from the ge-
nus Coluber in having poisonous fangs, and the head
contracted in length, and broader posteriorly $ covered
sometimes with small plates; in others, with scales
similar to the dorsal, and seldom with large plates,
as in the Coluber.

Virzra fulvia. .

Synonyma. Coluber fulvius, Linn. and@inel..
Le noire et fauve, Daudin, Lacépéde, and Latreille..
La coulewsre fulsie, Daudin. ua

»
po taa

Char.—Marked with ised ihe black vali val-
ternately with an equal number of yellow rings, spot-
ted with brown; these last rings being iano
and behind: head covered with eee a oe ieee

Length about two fest; Aail.y:->: Angel iaie®

Abdominal, plates 2183 caudal scales Shiv anaes

Inhabits the southern states. It is by mo means
innocuous, as is asserted by Daudin, and may be fa-
tally mistaken for the scarlet snake, reais :
ee eee ee ee ng inna me

NORTH AMERICAN REPTILIA. 365

Virera fulvia. Var.

Siemon Coluber Sileies: Linn. Var. (H.) Harlan, Journal) .
of the Acad. Nat. Sc. Vol. V. p, 154.

Coluber coccineus, Say, Notes on Herpetology, Silliman’s Jour-
pal, Vol1.

Char. —Eighteen des black rings, with as many
- scarlet. or blood-red intervening ones, separated by
re tlarrow rings of whitish-yellow.
Se * Total length two feet; tail three inches.
- a ‘Aba .
Ys Pree plates: 202 ; ; caudal. scales 40.
Sia aN Me COPE vA voNfeme in the Cab. of

{

ee.
rs

“3 “ath Ganvs. - CENCHRIS. Daudin.

ibe asi of the Genus. —Body tithles thick, cy-

nae: tail short, cylindrical: plates on the front

of the head ; scales on the back of the head ; entire

5 aia on the centre: double plates beneath the an-

terior portion of the tail, entire plates on ‘the remain-

der: anus transverse, simple, and without spurs:

_ Jaws armed with sharp teeth ; poisonous hangs! in ad
upper jaw.

_ Cencuris mokeson. gee

Synonyma. Cenchris mokeson, Daudin, pl. 79. Coloured, ad :

parently, from a specimen in spirits.
Hog*nose snake, Cateahay, Carol. Vol. Il. pl. 56. Vago,

mockeson. -

Char. A Feit? large, covered with vated before,

VOL, V.—-FEBRUARY, 1827. , AT

366. NORTH AMERICAN REPTHLIA.

with scales behind: scales slightly carinated: neck
contracted. Above brown, covered with transverse
black spots; in some places confluent, occasionally
transverse strive : beneath dirty white, with ane
black spots.

Length 14 feet ; tail one-fifth.

Abdominal plates 157. Sub- caudal plates 3.
Caudal scales 32.

Inhabits S. Carolina.

Cencuris mokeson. Var. ce Z a ¥
f ae aah eS -
Among a numerous collection of Reptiles,
ed to the Academy, by their corresponding m
Dr. Samuel Blanding, of Camden, S. Carolina, i is” ma
remarkable variety of this genus, if nota distinct .
species. It offers the strongest resemblance to the’
Crotalus miliarius without its rattle. =
Char.—Above fuscous, with large, black, distinct :
blotches ; beneath whitish: head broad, and rather
flat: neck contracted: body thick: tail short and ey-
lindrical: nose flattened. and reflected, as in ‘the Co-
luber heterodon : tail strongly corneous. ay
Length, about two feet. yo
. Abdominal plates 139 ; sub-caudal plates 11; scales
20. .
‘Tnhabits S. Carpling, Cabinet of the A. N. S.°
(Not before described.) a

Se Ss Bees elias
5th Genus. SCYTALE. Daudin.
Characters of the Genus,—Body robust, elongated,

Pere

. (Sar Cea

SE ee oe Ey

NOWTH AMERICAN REPTILIA. 367

-eylindrical: head thick, hae; swollen posteriorly,
» covered with plates anteriorly, with scales posterior-

ly: scales carinated, reticulated, and _rhomboidal :

beneath the abdomen and tail furnished with trans-
5 norte plates: jaws furnished with ea Spe ; peisan:

ss in the superior.

to ia . piscivorus.

fl NON’ 2 Bis qucivorws, Daudin,, Shy iy ,
iy oes Catesby, Carol. pl. 43. ih

St peor, Lacépéde. ;
» We. Sytale piscivore, Latreille. Hist nat. des Reptiles, inate,

- Lom. III, p. 163.

"Olan, —Above brown: beneath black, with irre-

-gular, transverse, yellow bands, or yellow and black,

alternately: sides of the neck, black: head large;

neck contracted: tail strongly corneous. }
_ Length, five or six feet. Abdominal plates

Caudal ‘plates ——? :
Inhabits S. Carolina,

?

SCYTALE niger.

- Sywonyma. Scytale noir, Daudin.
_ Black snake, Catestyy Carol. pl. 44.

Caer —Colour dusky pinay sometimes approach-

‘ ing to redness: ead short and broad: tail short :

body contracted.

Length about two feet. Patesand ue not -
arena . at '

368 | NoRTH AMERICAN REPT,

6th Gases. CROTALUS.. “Lin

Characters of the bia Ray sabi, elo ngate
cylindrical : tail short, cylindrical, terminated \
_ sonorous rattle, which is a ‘comeous-produiction of the

epidermis; this rattle is. cast annually, (cor 1S juen’
ly, no inference as to the _age of the animal; ci n b

drawn from the number of pieces which, Comp:
the rattles:) head thick and “broad, covered: b
-with small plates, behind with carinated seales

curved, poisonous fangs, forthe when or by Li
smaller ones in the rear. A poison bag, occupying

the whole length of the upper-jaw, beneath 2g pm y
and opening into the fang at its base. .

‘aja durissus.

4?
*

Synonyma, Crotalus durisous, Linn., Gmel., Kalm, and Catedby,
Carol. pl. 41. se,

Caudisona durissus, Laurenti.

Crotalophorus,’Gronovius.

Crotalus atricaudatus, or Le Crotale @ queue notre, Daudin, and
Bosc; variety from young age?

Le Crotale durissus, of the French. Vulgo, Banded Rattlesnake.

The epithets “ banded,” and “ diamond, ” have — Levey d by
some authors eS ae ‘

Char. ntl éinereous, idan with sallecsiba or
‘greenish, with transverse, irregular black bands, bor-

dered with a clear tint ; each band terminating on the

NORTH AMERICAN REPTILIA. - 369

‘flanks in a quadrate black spot: tail black: beneath
__-yellowish-white, freckled with black: scales rhom-
. + boidal, carinated ; a row of pei round scales on
. each flank.

Length four or five feet. ‘Ationsiin plates, from
163 to 1745; caudal plates, from 16 to 30.

Inhabits the northern and middle states; very
common in Pennsylvania. Cab. of the A. N. 5.

Observations.—In the month of June, 1826, there
was exhibited in Philadelphia, a collection of “‘Band-
ed Rattle-snakes,’’ 150 in number. ‘These animals
were all taken in the counties of Wane, Pike, and

- Susquehanna, in the state of Pennsylvania, and in
Sullivan county, in the state of New-York, during
the months of April and May preceding. They had
not been offered any food the present year, and “1g
appeared very lively.

The operation of casting their exuvie was he.
quently witnessed. ‘The process, generally, lasted
about fifteen minutes: after its completion, the colours
of the skin appeared very brilliant.. When at rest,
the pupil of the eye is oblong vertically, but they
“possess the faculty of rendering the pupil oval, and

even nearly circular.

It is a remarkable fact, that. these spies were
never known to injure each other, though crowded
together in close boxes, and subjected ‘to continual
irritation from visiters, and the living animals on

_ which they were fed; as if aware of the fatal conse-
quences of their venom, instinctive iter nner
amongst them. ~ gatepasks yae

x ——_

*

370. NORTH AMERICAN ‘REPTILAA.

‘The shades’ of ieilinie offered to view by the ani-.

mals in this collection were exceedingly various, from
light cinereous to deep black, the bands occasionally
interrupted, giving the back a spotted appearance,

though the characteristic markings were more or less _

permanent. Several specimens displayed the ‘fol-
lowing peculiar differential traits, if not stn
racters. ie

- Char.—Above blackish: ‘slate colour, with pre ‘ca-

rena elevated and tipped with cinereous, giving to. |

the back a longitudinally striated appearance: back

marked wtth transverse black bands, rather obsolete:
beneath yellowish, the plates being plumbeous at’ base,

and yellow at the edges; beneath the throat and
lower jaw, impure white: head very black: saga

striated longitudinally, without bands. ’
Length between thrée and five feet. 9

CROTALUS horidus.

Synonyma. © Crotahis horidus, Linn., Gmel., Bodner. a .

Caudisona terifica, Laurenti. TRA GS he
Boiquira boicinininga, by the Betzilions. ti he Reet ae
Caseavel, by the Portuguese. ‘ Rg Cet

Teuhtlacot zauhqui, by the Mexicans.
Boiquira, Lacépéde, Latreille, &c. _

Vipera caudisona, and Anguis crotalophorus, Ray. Syn. “Ann a

‘Boiquira ayug, Marcgrave, Hist. Nat. Brazile 995) 9 085

Crotalus, rhombifer, and Le crotale a lozanges, audio, and

Latreille, Vulgo, Diumond Rattle-snake. bsedh regbisitenth

Char.—Above cinereous, with four black’ lines on —

the side of the neck; beneath the lines arow of black
_ points longitudinally disposed: back with from twen=

Se oo

=
6
we ”

“s

NORTH AMERICAN, REPTILIAN = eC

stg oe black rhomboidal. figures, distinct, and
-’ having their centre and border of an impure white
colour: beneath yellowish-white, immaculate: tail

black, terminating in a rattle, consisting of from one
to twenty pieces: body above furnished with twenty-
nine longitudinal rows of scales, more or less: hex-
agonal ; the twenty-seven intermediate ones carinated.
‘Length from three to six feet; tail about ;. Abdomi-

_nal plates from 167 to 170: caudal plates from 20 to 30.

- Inhabits the southern states and territories; the

_ Antilles, and intertropical parts of America. Cab. of
the A. N. S.

Croratus miliarius..

“Synowyma, Crotalus miliarius, Linn. and Gmel. ;
Le millet, Daub. Enc. Meth. Lacépede, Latreille, Catesby,
Carolina, pl: 42. Bartram’s trav.
Le crotale millet, Daudin. Vulgo, Ground Rattlesnake, or

Little Raitle- snake ; and by others, sauce Rattle-make-.

Char.— Above reddish- -gray, cinereous, or fais,
witha longitudinal series of black spots, rounded and

- bordered with white: flanks with two or more ranges

of. black spots: beneath white, ‘freckled with similar ~
black spots: scades on the top of the head suboval and

cariated : front of the head and. snout covered with

nine smooth plates, disposed i in four rows...
‘Length 18 inches tail ;. Abdominal plates 132:
caudal plates 32.
Inhabits the southern states: there are several y ya-
rieties, differing in the colour and arrangement of the
spots. Specimens in the Cab. of A. N. S.

4 Say
. ee,
oy Ba
372 | NORTH AMERICAN REPTILIA.
“Croratus con fluentis. % anil

Crotalus goatee, Say. Long’s Exp. to the Rocky Mountain
Vol. Il. p. 48. ip he?

Char. ndisliboh, brownish-cinereous, varied mh
greenish-yellow ; a triple series of fuscous spots, edged
with greenish-white, transversely oblong-oval, an-
teriorly confluent: tail banded: beneath yellowish-
white, immaculate. _ di agi

Length about three feet. Abdominal plates
197 : caudal plates 27.

Inhabits the western territories, near the base of the
Rocky Mountains ; frequenting the holes of the Prai-
rie-dog, (Kncroules ludoviciani, Ord.) Speeimey:
in the Philadelphia Museum.

Croraus tergeminus.

Crotalus tergeminus, Say. Long’s. Expedition to the Rocky
Mountains, Vol. I. p. 499.

_ Char.—Above einereous brown, with a triple ‘se- ©

ries of fuscous spots, transversely oblong-oval, and ob-

soletely edged with whitish : : sides spotted, with an .

alternating fuliginous series: a’ black vitta ‘passes
through the eye, and terminates on the neck: beneath
spotted with black: ¢at/ above, fasciated with fuscous,
terminating with six bifid plates.

Length two feet, two inches; tail two inches. Ab-
dominal plates 152 ; caudal plates 20; scales at tip 6.

-Inhabits the western territories ; friqudadd the cells
of the Prairie-dog. eee in the rier

Museum. ina

4

NORTH AMERICAN INSECTS. 373

Description of some new species of Nortu AMERICAN.

Insects. By N. M. Hen'rz, professor of modern
languages at the University of North Carolina.
Syccumm October ~ 1826. ;

The insects of which the divutotiet follows are
rare ; of the four, only one has been found more than
once by myself, and the others were unknown to seve-
ral studious entomologists, which is an additional con--
sideration for supposing them to be new. :

s

BUPRESTIS.

B. harrisst. Green; eyes black antennee black
towards the extremity ; tarsi black ; elytra with two
impressions near the base, the internal one uniting
with a groove, which follows the suture.

Description.— Body bright green, punctured: head
punctured : eyes black: antennzx black, tinged with
green near the base: thorax green, punctured with
a longitudinal impressed line: elytra with a deep
impression at the base, divided in two by a nearly
obsolete raised lines a raised line, forming, with the
suture, a deep groove, which terminates at the apex ;
an impression nearer the apex than the middle, formed
by the termination of the obsolete line; a diagonal
raised line, and ‘another near the margin ; in all four
raised lines: pectus, postpeetus, and venter green,
punctured: feet green: anterior pic ing with a nig
tooth: farsi nearly black.

» Length accompanies the adhe: Fi is: 1.

VoL. V.—-FFBRUARY, 1827. » aS

’

374 NORTH: AMERICAN INSECTS.

_ Observations. —Found, in the month of ‘May, in —
Massachusetts. ry eer

a

‘
‘ y SE

ees: gti ee

E. vernalis. Bright black, elytra yellow, striate,
with five bluish-black spots, one common at ‘the base.
~ Deseription. — Body bright black, punctured ; “an-
tenne black; head and thorax black, punctured :
elytra yellow, with strie formed by punctures ; 3 “each
having three bluish-black spots, of which one at the
base is common with the other: pectus, postpectus
and venter black, punctured : feet black: tarst rufous
near the extremity.
Length accompanies the drawing. rig 3!
Observations.—This insect, found in May, i in the
west of Pennsylvania, was new to Mr. Say, Dr. Har-
; bse A all the hyo fis may whom, Teonsulted.

_ AMPHICOMA. 5 Soham

an wulpina, - Piceous : thorax; stat tid sbile
men, covered with yellow hairs elytra brownish.
“4 _ Deseription.— Head pearly. black, punctured ; an-
tennz piceous ; thorax and scutel nearly black, punc-
tured, covered with thick yellow hair: elytra brown,
turning to a chesnut. colour; ‘somewhat, darker near
the apex: venter piceous, covered with yellowish
hair, thicker ¢ on the sides: ivlest — blac tarsi
piceous. Ts
Length. acenmpauics the senders % Fig. 3. ee ae
Observations. —The discovery of an insect of this

NORTH AMERICAN “INSECTS. 375

genus, in this country, is peculiarly interesting, as
there were reasons for supposing it to be confined to

tropical regions. To my friend, Dr. T. W. Harris,
~ of Milton, Mass., ‘I am indebted ‘for useful remarks

on this insect, which I submitted to his examination.

It was found in J une, in the west of Massachusetts,
resting on flowers ; it flies very much like Ceronta’
barbata of ‘Say, and, like it, visits he arenes fre-

=
NOTOXUS.

jai (cdechinded Testaceous; horn of the thorax
wit at the apex; a black line on the suture of the
elytra, reaching a black transverse spot near the apex -
‘a small. sna seesaate black line nearer the wie on, the
sides.

_ Description. —Boly above aia spot testace-
ous: head fuscous; eyes black: thorax testaceous :
horn slightly dentate, fuscous chiefly on the sides, the

shade continued to the sides of the thorax: elytra

. with a black suture, broadest near the base, not reach-

eee er Ee

ing the apex, but united toa large, black, lunate,

transverse spot; a black,. abbreviated, longitudinal
dine near the external thargin, above the transverse

spot, and nearly reaching’ it: feet testaceous.
“Length accompanies the drawing. Fi ig: '4itergatn.
: Observations. This beautiful insect is. aw -
ANTHICUS monoceros as well as ANTrHicus monodon,
described by Mr. Say, but sufficiently distinct from
either: I have, as yet, found but two specimens; in
the month of July, in Massachusetts.

376 — MISSISSIPPI-LIME STONES.

- Remarks on the Line. Sronxns of the Mississippi
Lead Mines. By E. Janes, Assistant Surgeon,
iG. ay Ralie January’ $e 1827. eye

Ni A, -

~ The Lead Mines of the Mississippi yield at this
- time an annual product of more than two millions three
hundred thousand pounds of lead, and are becoming
. every day more extensively wrought: The mining
operations are at present principally confined to the
country about the Merrimack and St. Francis rivers
in Missouri, and to the neighbourhood of Fever river,
Apple river, near the northern boundary of Illinois,
and a district in the country of the Sauks and Foxes,

westward of the Micsinlipie Menvealogs kalowe as Du

Buque’s mines. —

At all these localities, aiid at others where lead: hes
been detected in the same metaliferous range, as near
the mouth of the Ilineis, on Rock river, at Prairie

‘Du Chien, near the mouth, and at a. place about thirty-
five miles eastward from the mouth of the Wisconsan,
and numerous other j points, ina range of eight hundred
miles from N.'N. E: to S. S. W. the prevailing rock
is lime-stone. The idea that these immense deposites
of lead are out of place, and-have been tr:
from distant mountains by currents of water or other
causes, has been a favourite one with American Ge-

ologists, but is wholly unsupported *y any - ahve. _

pearances about the mines.

At many of the:mines below Saint Fait dtvtnphe
large quantities of ore are found, hot in regular
veins or ee, or im any manner cunneteem scenes

——— se

oe

ee Se Se eae ee he

MISSISSIPP! LIME STONES. 33977

consolidated strata, but disseminated throughout the
soil. ‘These ‘masses are not found in connexion with
rolled. stones, foreign to the district, nor with beds.of
gravel, or any other substances bearing evidence of

having been transported from distant regions. On

the ‘contrary, the red clay in which the heaviest
masses of galena have been found, is often traversed
by veins containing crystallized substances, such as
rhombie spar, rock crystal, and sulphate of barytes,
so connected with the clay, as to lead irresistibly to
the conclusion, that these substances, as well as the
ores of lead, have come into their present situations
from chemical solution, and probably at a period con-
temporaneous to the quiet precipitation of the’earthy |
beds, The highly crystalline character of the lime-
stone at the lower mines cannot escape the observation

_ of any one who visits that district. This. lime-stone

in its structure and appearance, so much resembles a
loose aggregation of particles of fine white sand, that

_ itis commonly, mistaken by the miners for sand-stone.

The larger crystalline masses of carbonate of lime,
when broken, are often found to contain water in-

“4 cluded in cayities within the body of the crystals.
. ie ‘appearances ordinarily presented at the mines —

near. Potosi, are as follow :—The shafts descend per-

. pendicularly fifteen or twenty feet, through a tena-
cious red clay, intermixed with masses of sulphate .

of barytes, and sulphuret of lead; then succeeds the
soft gray rock, which the miners call sand-stone, but
which is an aggregate of small crystalline particles of
carbonate of lime: this stratum lies —, but

398 ——— LIME STONES:

‘the miners remark that ie is uncertain at what depth
they will strike it, as its surface is extremely uneven,
and marked by deep coneavities.. It has numerous
drusy cavities lined with minute quartz crystals, and

is traversed by veins in which these crystals occur,

intermixed with. barytes and. galena.: This *stratum
varies in thickness at different points where it’ has
_ been pierced from six or eight, to fifteen or twenty
feet. It is succeeded by red clay; barytes, &e., simi-

lar to that above: below this isa second bed of lime~
stone, similar to the former; and near the surface of |

this, sometimes in it, and sometimes in the se
the largest, quantities of lead have been found. °

“In the lead mines about Fever river, inuaemeaiie

they have been explored on the upper Mississippi,
. the ore is commonly found in large veins, traversing
in an east and west direction, a lime-stone very simi-

lar to ‘that. above mentioned: these veins ramify in i

various directions, the small branches: commonly run-
“ning north and south. The ore contained in the
branches i is not so ‘distinctly crystallized as that found
in the larger trunks; it is called “north and. south

mineral,” and is considered more: refractory and ‘less

valuable than the other.» The ore often fills. the’en-

tire. vein,’ unaccompanied by. any incrustation. of —

quartz: crystals, or other foreign substahce.” In these

cases; it is common to observe smal] masses and points,

of galena scattered in the substance of the rock, near
the -walls of the vein: at other places the oresis inter-

mixed with rhombic ‘spar, and that variety of iron

ore here called“ mineral: blossom 5 3?) igs the latter

MISSISSIPPI’ LIME STONES. 379

substance: itis” very difficult to separate it; and the
mineral which is-so mixed, looses much of its value on ~
this account. At some of the mines about Fever river, |
| the red clay, the sulphate of barytes, and the galena |
‘occur: ‘together, as in the lower mines : the lime-stone
‘differs from that of the Merrimack, principally 4 in the
circumstance of exhibiting numerous impressions or:
‘casts of marine shells ; it alternates with beds of sand-
stone, in many of which is observed the same ‘tend-
eney to form drusy cavities, and. incrustations ‘of
: ‘quartz crystals, ‘as in the lime-stone of the lower mines.
| Nothing has hitherto been observed in either of these
mining districts to justify the opinion that the lime-—
stone containing the lead, is of more ancient deposition —
than that of the coal formations scattered throughout
the same great field of secondary rocks. tit
_ An opinion prevails extensively in the west, that ©
“the Time-stones of the lead mine district and its vi-
oe cinity sometimes exhibit distinct i impressions of human
. feet? ‘This belief has originated from numerous, deep, ;
: and ‘exquisitely sculptured figures, representing such
“impressions 5 some of which, near the sources of Big |
| river, about ten miles S. E. of mine A Burton, Thave
_ ‘earefully examined: they are’some of the remaining
'_* vestiges of a. people who inhabited the. country ata |
4 time’ prior to the earliest. visits of the Spanish and
e. ok and beyond the reach of the traditions of the
Indians of the present day. Other accounts of “ im-
pressions of human feet” have been satisfactorily
_ traced to the nodular, reniform, and fancifully shaped
masses of flint, which often occur in, the horizontal

ene ee, LD

380 | MISSISSIPPI. LIME STONES.

seams of ‘the lime-stone about Siecalnmasiaiiiaeal
which, being easily detached, leave impressions bear-
ing a remote resemblance to many things, and some-
times by accident to the human foot: such are the —
reputed prints of feet presérved in the ehimaney: ofa
house at Herculaneum. (Missouri).
The disturbance. soantifent hat the direction of the
strata on the borders of the Jead mine. district, and
the great prevalence. of crystalline substances among
__ beds and strata containing organic remiains, similar in
all. respects to those of. the western ‘coal formations,
would seem to indicate that these mineral * veins were
filled from: below, after the consolidation a she \se-
condary rocks had commenced. § |
‘Although in the immediate vicinity of the mines
on the Upper Mississippi, no coal has hitherto been
~ found, there is reason, to think that deposites of this
mineral exist in the same series of beds in which the
lead is found. Coal and plaister are brought i in small
masses, by the Indians, from the country about the
upper branches of the De Moyen, two.or three days
journey westward of Du Buque’s mines;,and coal has.
been found in extensivebeds at a place. ‘called by the
Chippeways, Maskotank, (the Prairie,) probably Jess
_ than, one- hundred, nen from_ she: ei of Beng:

river. tp? hal : ey t 4h 253 cha eg, ‘att ie
: , , . ’ e bs . ols iy an a) «

tee seifetds'

RL A oe SHOEI:

" GET ar

me Ati) et ae

. J 1 oa, ¢ cel » eat
vee f feat. Ieee.

CREMASTOCHEILUS. 381

Description of three species of the genus CREMAs-
TocnEiLus. By T. W. Harris, M. D., of
ares teak Mass. Read Feb, 6, 1827.

The genus Cremastocheilus was instituted by Pro-
fessor Knoch, for the reception. of an undescribed in-
sect, sent him from the United States. This insect
is rarely met with, eagerly sought by European en-
tomologists, and is the only species of the genus which
has hitherto been known. The discovery of three
species in Massachusetts, two of which are undoubt-
edly new, has induced me to furnish an account of
them, with a description of this singular genus in
detail.

CREMASTOCHEILUS, Knoch.

Generic character.—Antennzx with the first joint
very large: elypeus transverse, the anterior margin
entire, arcuated, reflexed : palpi short ; the last joint
elongated, the apex obtuse : mentum large, oval, con-
eave: thorax with the angles dilated, tuberculiform:
tarsi with equal nails.

This genus is closely allied to Tricnivs and Cr-
ToNtA, which, with several other genera, have been
separated from ‘the Linnean Scaranat. It belongs
to the section of Coleopterous insects, with five joints
to all the tarsi ; and is included in the family Scara-
BEIDES or LAMELLICORNES of Latreille, and in the

MELOLONTHID# of Leach.
Vol. V.— Fepruary, 1827, 4y

382 CREMASTOCHEILUS.

The body is oblong, flattened above; ‘the head —
covered by the e/ypeus, (nasus of Mr. Kirby,).a cowl-
like projection, broader than long, elevated in front,
the edge folded downwards over the lip: Jabrum con-
cealed beneath the elypeus, emarginated in the mid-
dle, dilated and rounded at the sides, where, with
the anterior edge, it is corneous; in the centre ‘it is
membranous: the mouth closed below by the mentum,
(labium, Kirby,) which forms a deep transverse-oval
concavity, occupying the whole of the under side:
the mentum is deeply emarginate beneath, and the
lateral lobes are ciliated.on the edge: the mandibles
are corneous at the summit: the maxilla terminated
by a falciform process, and are ciliated and spinous
within: terminal joint of the palpi, particularly the
labial, very long, cylindrical, obtuse; the other joints
very short: ‘antennzx composed of ten articulations ;
first joint very large, triangular, incurved; the six
next minute ; the three last lamelliform, united into
a short club: thorax transversely quadrate, notched
or emarginated near the angles, which are elongated,
and somewhat dilated : sew¢ed/um nearly an equilateral
triangle: coleoptra broader than the thorax, contracted —
abruptly, and sinuated behind the base; the margins
embracing the sides of the abdomen: scapularia not
prominent between the thorax and base of the elytra:
meso-sternum minute, and not produced anteriorly :
extremity of the abdomen naked, as in Trichiuss the
penultimate dorsal segment armed with two minute
tubercles; one just below the posterior eurye of each
elytron : anterior tibia with two external teeth; one

er

Pe

ee ae ae

i al la

Os ee

CREMASTOCHEILUS. 383.

long, termiial, and a:strong conical spur within: in-
termediate and posterior tibize above very rugose,
each with an abbreviated tooth beyond the middle ;
the extremity crowned: with four short teeth, and
armed, beneath with two, unequal, conical apues
nails simple and equal.

This genus appears much more closely allied | to
Tricutus than to Ceronia. Asin the former, the
thorax is not so. broad as the coleoptra, and ‘the tri-
angular piece or scapular is not interposed between.
its posterior angles and the shoulders of the elytra ;
the-mesosternum in both is minute, and there is no
conspicuous projection of the posterior coxa at the
sides: of the body, between the intermediate and’
hinder legs. The clypeus of Cremastocheilus ap~ —
proaches somewhat to that of. Trichius, as may be:
observed by comparing it with that of our large spe-
cies, T. eremicola, Knocn, and T. scabery Beauvois. —
In Ceronia the thorax is triangular, nearly as broad
at base as the elytra; the scapulars and meso-sternum
large and prominent; and, in most species, the coxa
is produced, between the intermediate and posterior
legs, to an acute angle, couspicuous at the sides, even
beyond the margin of the elytra.. Ce'ronra and Cre-
MASTOCHEILUS agree in having the elytra contracted

behind’ the base; in corisequence of an emargination

of their borders in this respect differing from Tri —
cuius.. CrEMASTOCHEILUS is further distinguished:
from Tricnivs by the quadrate shape of the thorax,
and its angular processes ; but the most distinguishing
charaeter ofthe genus is) taken fron the mentum,

384 ' CREMASTOCHEALUS.

which, as before observed, forms a tran$verse-oval,
cup-like cavity below the clypeus. It was the sin-
gular structure of this’ part, entirely different from
that of all other known insects, that suggested to Pro-
fessor Knoch the name which he has bestowed on: “a
genus.

This genus appears to be ie to North pores
ca; but we are informed by Mr. Kirby, that it has
its representative in Africa, in Genucuus. Not
haying yet seen Mr. Kirby’s description of the latter:
genus, I cannot institute a comparison between itand
ours; but Jearn that the form of the mentum is “nee
distinct.*

The characters of the genus Crémnstathndilan as
here given, do not entirely. corréspond with those laid
down by M. Latreille. Indeed, there is some. dis-,
crepancy in. his arrangement. and description of the.
genus, evident on. comparison of the Genera Crus-
taceorum et Insectorum, Vol. II. p.12Q and 121,)
with the Regne Animale, Vol. IIT. p. 286, 288.

CREMASTOCHEILUS castanex ? ry 1 et

Specific character.—Black, ‘polished, pilous, with.
distinct impressed spots: thorax with a tuft of yellow.
hairs near each posterior angle; base of the anterior
tubercles continued upon the dise into an elevated,
sigmoid line. © Lab Bus at Di BORE

* See Introduction to Entomology by Kirby and Spence, Vol.
Wl. p.-423, and Vol. IV. p 498. pl. XXVI, figures 34,35,»

CREMASTOCHEILUS. 385.

Synonym. Crematrocuertus castanew, Knoch, Neuv. Beitrage.
1. p. 115. T. 3. f. 1.. Schonherr, Latreille, Hist. Nat. Cr. and
Ins. HI. p. 152, X. p. 206. Genera Cr. and Ins. If, p. 121.

Description.—Body black, somewhat polished,
thinly. covered with erect yellow hair, and with dis-
tinct impressed spots, which are largest on the elytra:
head with confluent impressions: antennz black,
hairy: external margins of the thorax nearly straight,
obtuse 5 anterior border deeply emarginated near each
angle, within which is situated a minute tuft of fulvous
hair ;. an elevated line, originating from the anterior
part of the disc, extends laterally to the angle, is pro-
duced forwards, curves inwards, and is terminated by
a rounded tubercle; posterior border with slighter
emarginations, and the-angles with smaller, obtuse
tubercles, before each of which is a tuft of yellowish
hairs: e/ytra with two inconspicuous, longitudinal,
elevated lines, that nearest the suture being most ap-
parent: scapularia above with an oval, hoary spot:
podex with large impressed punctures: venter smooth,
hairy, not conspicuously punctured: fibiz and thighs
punctured, hairy: farsi fringed with hairs around the
articulations.

The male of this and the succeeding species differs
from the female in size,'and in having the podex
rounded ;. whereas, it is more pointed in the female.

Length. of the. male rather exceeding ;% of an
inch; breadth across the base of the elytra nearly 3%
of an inch. , F emale. over sy of an inch long, ¢ and
nearly ,) a of an inch broad.

386 CREMASTOCHEILUS.

The larve pi robably live in the deeayed trunks and
roots of thé chestnut tree. In the month of Septem-
ber, 1824, considerable numbers of the perfect insects
were observed in Northampton, Mass., by Professor
Hentz, on Round Hill, which is almost entirely co-
vered with a chestnut grove. From Dr. C. Pickering
I have received a specimen, which he “ found on

West Beach, in Beverly, (Mass.) in the autumn.” —
' It is highly probable that this inseet is the C. eas--
tanex of Knech; but not having access to his works, —
I cannot identify, with eertainty, the species$ and
have been unable to profit by his description, in-
drawing up an account of the genus. It is a matter,
also, of deep regret, that the repeated attempts which —
I have made to obtain a specimen of the ©. eastanex
from Pennsylvania have been’unsuccessful ; but it is -
still'in the power of those in this country, who'may”
havé access to the collection of insects made by the”
Rev. F. V. Melsheimer, the friend and correspondent
of Professor ‘Knoch, to elucidate this subject.

E ‘sy Vif i SLE RPO
Cremasrocuertus Hentai 0 7

fs depose

Specific character.—Black, opaque 5 el ytra ru;
with confluent impressions 5. and a transverse, he ry
submarginal spot on each elytra. Rl Si

Deseription.— Head opaque, with conflaent im
pressions: elypeus more reflected in front, and ‘more
dilated at. the sides, than.in C. castanex? ‘Thorax
opaque, with impressed spots, having elevated een“
tres; the dise with a longitudinal furrow 5 ‘lateral.

&

ieee

CREMASTOCHEILUS. 387

margins slightly curved, acute 5 anterior and posterior
emarginations deep; angles much produ¢sed ; the an-.
terior ones curving inwards, sub-acute 3 thi posterior
ones furnished with a sharp, triangular process, di-
rected backwards and outwards: elytra not polished,
rugose, with confluent, impressed spots, and. two
elevated lines, less apparent than in the: preceding
species. On each elytron, just behind the middle,
and near the external margin, a transverse, hoary
spot, formed. by minute whitish scales: Pectus, post-
pectus and podex punctured: venter smooth ; “hairs
on the body so minutes to be discerned onky by the
aid. of a lens.

~ This ‘species is idiatingguichelley at, ‘sight, from the
Ge castanex, by the sharp; angular processes: of the
thorax, the absence of the tufts of hair near the pos-
terior angles, the géneral want of polish, and the ex-
istence of the canescent spots on the elytra: it is also

larger; the male measuring more than 5%, or nearly
half-of an inch-in length, and nearly. ,45 of an inch in
- breadth. The female is a little ,over hell an. inch
Tongs: and 55 of an inch broad.

There is a specimen of this insect in Fontse’er “a
lection, made nearly thirty years ago. | His: insects
were obtained in the vicinity of the ities of. New

Haven and, New York...

For specimens of the Greimashotheili, Iam indebted
tomy friend, N. M. Hentz, Esq., Professor of Modern
Languages, in the University of North Carolina.
During his: late. residence in Northampton, he: col-
lected many interesting insects; and this finé insect

388 CREMASTOCHEILUS.

is named in honour of him, whose investigations of
American Araneide will place him among the first
of our-naturalists. pen BEDS
Cummastocuss.s, me
Specific character.—Black, opaque, aiid yeanen
mentum with a slight emargination below; thorax
retuse, or excurved each side of the base,’and fur-
nished with ‘a prominent, rounded > sane at 109624
angle. conus ve
Description. — Head ne large, demi stilt
and short, erect, yellowish hairs: mentum large,
transverse-oval, prominent beyond the inferior edge
of the clypeus; the lower margin ciliated with a few
very short hairs, and a slight central emargination :
thorax with deep punctures or cicatrices, (as in C.
Hentzii) each of which furnishes an erect, yellowish
bristle, or coarse hair: anterior angles excurved, each

_ with an incurved tubercle, rounded: and compressed ~
‘at base, and subacuminate at tip; and between’ the

tip and: base verriculate, or furnished with a tuft of
very short, ferruginous hairs; lateral margin regular-
_ ly curved to the posterior angles, where the thorax
is broadest 3 posterior angles rounded and ‘excurvated

to the base ; at the termination of which, on each side, °

is a somewhat rounded tubercle, compressed,-exctirv-
ed, and furnished beneath the tip with a minute ver-
riculum of rufous hairs: e/ytrw opaque; with distant,
irregular, deep, setiferous punctures: body —
with besa punctures, and depressed hairsy 9)

—

CREMASTOCHEILUS. 389

Length of the male, between seven and eight-twen-
tieths of an inch. Discovered by Professor Hentz
and myself, beneath a stone on Round Hill, on the
16th of May, 1826.

This insect resembles C. Hentzii, in the distribution
of the punctures, but is distinct at sight from that
‘species, by wanting the hoary spots on the elytra;
and also from that and C. castanex ? by the greater
- quantity and length of the bristles with which it is
clothed. The mentum is proportionably larger, and
more regularly transversely oval ; it is also less ciliated
than in both the others, and has but a very slight
emargination beneath. The thorax differs greatly ;
the disc is convex, and the lateral margins are regu-
larly arched : the anterior tubercles resemble in shape
those of ©. castanex, but are not continued into an
elevated, sigmoid line on the thorax: the posterior
margin is deeply excurved each side of the basal line,
and the tubercle is situated within this emargination,
and below the plane of the disc : there are no fascicles
of hairs on the thorax, in front of the posterior tu-
bercles. .

To the distinguished author of *‘ American Ento-
mology”’ this insect is dedicated. .

VoL. V.— FEBRUARY, 1827. 50.

LIST OF DONATIONS

go hei
‘MUSEUM
oe,
Academp of Natural Sciences,

During the years 1825 and 1826.

Articles presented. : ‘ _ Bonors, When presente d

1825.
= Lime, Wom, Wm. 8. Vous: January.
1% specimens Marine ra J. 8. David. f February.
Fossil Vertebra, Maryland. J, Gilliams.

- Collection of Insects, India, Dr. R. Coates. = March.
> 4 — of Feldspar, Dizx-
’s Farm, Del. Geo. Spackman. April,

6 sendies Marine Shells, China.

Large Alcyonium, Bengal Bay. Dr. R. Coates. _

Head of an Echineis. Dr. Hays.

Suite of Rocks; from the B AS : f

‘age pred e. Pa. mie | Dr. Darlington. » May.
* Species of Scutella, Cape May. ‘Thos. F. Leaming.

Collection of Diseased Bones of
the human subject.. Speci- | Dr. E. Rousseau, J
men of the Ilex Aquifolium, { Paris. eee ceewigs
etc.

Fossil Echinus, Cuba. W. H. Keating. ©

Nacrite, Delaware Co., Pa. ‘ PY

Specimens of Plante. { Dr. Darlington, « July.
VOL. V.— FEBRUARY, 1827. 51

392 LIST OF DONATIONS.

Articles presented. ‘ Donors. . When presented.

Skull ofa sual, Island chief.

Specimen of Cassa from Hayti, pega
. together with some weapons Dr. Gibbon:

of the aboriginal Haytiens, _
Specimens of Anatifa, Gulf Capt Hewett.’

stream. I
Solen Costatus, Coast of N eee

* Emblsaa.” schsrianl aot oe A. Lesueur, . August.
. Several specimens of Ostracion, 2 Capt. Stelwagen,

and another of Dog-fish. : Dy 8. N.

2 Colubérs; 1! Ostracion, 2 spe> EW. .

cies Asterias; ’a Fasciolaria, > ~ tent i it ss

and a strombus, Florida,
2 Trilobites, Trenton Falls, N.

2a

LA L. Ronaparte,

x
Shells of seven ‘species of Tor.) :
toise._ : eopersieiag eae
2 yials fresh water Crustacéa. - :
Vial containing Scolopendre. |. . ee ee
4 vials and 2 boxesof [nseets. | — pil. one ne
Skull of the Canis Virginianus. | : isi
Bone, of the Penis of the, Reet ode sntyeih: eampaiooge $1
coon. < ayomnlD,
9 vials, containing asemany ape- stay rf fine cf
. cies of Colubers,,....> Dr. iad
5 pris of Lacerta and Salaman- CNC. thy rout Broaitji:
5 specimens Fossil Shells, San-) Harlan. c te ive
tee Canal. = ie - ay onem © ;
5 specimens of Gre, Lime- 9 a
stone, &c.. : viontdad ‘ng pe Saath:
A specimen of Elastic. Sand-; ' Ay exceed pikatth "tas eabieets
y erage Catawba’ Spree.) : \ 03 sere yagi
4 naw) adtetiot tea g:
2 specimens Tuckyhoe, and1 | Fi. : r 14 i uae
of Convolvulus Panduratus, Jo °° 9 to aebantlo’)
: ent cera a4

21specimens of Minerals Eas-, ia ,
nabecinens OF Hier £2 gu pdarhanelt fla

Prismati¢e Porphyry» Cape at W. ‘Macloré: enallad fisewt
Gate, Spain. sched salen

Specimens of »Anatifa,’ id Capt. Hewett 1 Yo eagenionty’

stream.

WIAs; y

;

_ Mygale Saas en

LIST) OF DONATIONS.

. "eugene ‘presented. é Donors. ; When. presented.

Amphiuma Means, Camden, S. t Dr. Harlan. :

‘ence specimens, of sng: etl Thon. eal at
donta Ma inata, Unio 23 Fishers.
ee and Unio Nasuta. —§; Hides

pecimens of 1 uae 7 Capt. H. Bache, U
peal ig {

Salamandra picta. ~ . (Dr. Harlan...

— of Fosals, Paris Ba- tw. Maclure.

Calappar Cristata? Gulf stream. Capt. Hewett. es

Specimens of Mollusca. © © Capt. Harman. »

Extra-uterine Foetus. .. Dr. Porter.

Salamandra Flavissima, (new

species,) and a specimen of Dr. Harlan.
Pan toes : :

3 species of Birds, (prepared.) Jas. Griffith. |
Scutella Quinque-radiata, in
the fossil state. 3 specimens, Dr. Boykin.”
G .

Lepidolite, Gardiner, Maine. Dr. Holmes, Pa

and a bottle containing Sco- |

lopendre and other insects Mrs. M. By ad
‘Cuba...

Asterias Helianthus, and a spe-
cimen of Pyrasoma, Guasco,,>
in Chili.

Substance from, the Oviduct of? ‘ae eoOr: ,
a Fowl, containing an égg.

LW. W. Drinker. ”

_ 18 specimens of <aneiac South ‘Don Jo. 8. Rebello,
'¢ through Mr, hea.,

America.
Specimens of Oxide, ha Sul-}
phuret of Antimony, Torna-
vera, Spain. * bw. Malet
Carbonate, of Barytes, and “fs
specimen of lolite.

a ea of Macle and ‘Trilo- he. A. besuewr!

S. Top. Eng: ».,

Octobers,

§

vt

: N ovewber.

394 LIST OF DONATIONS.

Articles presented. Donors. 4 When presenited,
1825.
Venus Mercenaria, 2 speci- *
el , Geo. Ore
Collection of Rocks and 1 Fossils
Catt én: Normandy > W. Maclure. .
Group of Producti cerns Dr. T. H. Harris {
NuUY. : f of Rochester. Decem.
Wormeitom the hididaethatidie. Dr. Porter. ye
Porcupine Fish, preserved in i 1826.
. spirits. ’ C. A. Poulson. January.

Serpula, a Natica and a
Chama, Coast of Alvarado.
Also, a specimen of Semi-
opal, Mexico.

Micaceous Iron ore, Reading, E. Dems ig
Pa.

Capt. J. Hasna March.

Salmo, (Salmo Peleranus?) — De Messe, eer

Several specimens of Green. . .
and Blue Carbonate of Cop- ) R. Swift. 8
per, 4rod Mine, S.A. *° ;

2 shells, viz: a Mallow anda Captain M‘Kibbin, April
Turbo. ‘through Mr. Ord. — mer

Sulphate of Barytess a group s Ww Cound
of crystals. Rey ,
21 specimens, aang the va-
rieties of the Green-stone of |.
Scotland.

45 specimens, showing the - np uO
stratification of the north } Dr. S. G. Morton. May.
end of Salisbury Craigs, near a4 ; Pree.
Edinburgh.

14 specimens of the Rocks of
the Hebrides, etc.

Specimen of Loligo; Haina § Cat, Jas. Hamil- ogous

2 specimens Pecten Nodosa, 2 |

ocean. ton. Ry at
Methodical Table of Oviparous
» Animals. Re bicees

29 specimens of European, and ¢ Dr.

11 of American Minerals. 8. G. Morton. . May.

ee

LIST OF DONATIONS. — 395

, Articles presented. Donors. _ When presented.
, , 1826.
‘Collection of Minerals, from
Lockport, N. Y. and ia C. W. ‘Spiteek,
- Virginia.
G. Stawaidvod, "
Species of Iguana, West Indies. through Mr. June.
; Conrad.

Lieut. Thomas,
Minerals, Washington, Missouri. { through Mr.
_ Poulson,
Collection of Minerals, and a of saibvaimenbtia
suite of the lavas of Vesuvius. : Dre Cee
Collection of Minerals, Lake? p. wetherill
George. ee ¥e
4 Qaclosicalepectinens, vicinity th .
of Hartford, Cont. § Dr. I. Hays

Suite of the Granite rocks of} » titre bei)
America.

3 specimens of Minerals, PR cash athe dix a
vonshire. °

6 specimens of Minerals. _ Geo. Spackman.

A collection of the fresh water}
Tortoises of the U. S. pre-
served in spirits; consisting apd
‘of 12 specimens, and em- uct
bracing 9 species. - , " ¢

A collection of the Batracian
Reptiles of the U: 8. viz:—

5 species of Rana.

2 do. Hyla.

2 do. Salamandra., :

A specimen of Bafo pucdciin: + Dr. Harlan. ~~ June.

Taphozous ; aa

' Americanus.

Several American Quadrupeds,
viz:—

Mus Campestris, and young of
the same.

Jerbillus Canadensis. |

Sorex Brevicaudatus, Arvicola ‘
Xanthognatus, oldand young,
and Scalops Canadensis: J

ne LIST ‘OF DONATIONS.

oro Nala presented, “9% Donors.) ¢Whemipreseuited,
: ALS I % 1826,
Siliceous Carbonate of Lime, eae deat hes 7
with Shells, near Paris. ~ { W. 11. Keativi. ” ped
Secondary Lime-stone, Hudson’ : rein sadholale
river. - .) > Dr. Hays. et
Amphibole. © a) ‘tort sperg? In onisege
Chelonura Serpentina, male 5a
and female, oo in ) Dr. Harlan. fa July.
spirits. rena TE teepaue,

Fresh water Tortoise, eiliiithea j , ,
to be a new species, tributary es ‘Collins. TR. "th ede?
streams of the Chesapeake. “pl cdi Yo tite:
Crocodilus ‘Lucius reserved he gotinetied
in spirits. me H Dr. Wetherill : peer
Skull of the Manatus Latiros- : Dr. Fathi pel wahgotaend +

tris, coast of Florida. : Aen OE be
Indian skull, froma cave at) t: await? Gah Wh site
Golconda, in Tennessee...» ; eehan,
Specimens of Coluber Constric- | HS to Semen REN <
tor, and C. Aquaticus; also, a ; oeyddsgs
specimen of Rana’ Clamata, honk Hayes. tle wasivegs 2
‘and another of the Cistuda ew: segs) SAL io eottontion s
Clausa; all’ preserved “in | jou 97) sf) Me exphonia®
oy . ca #2 $25 J
spirits. . f J Breton pehivhe te" wih wrt
Basanite, found in digging a} aun 6, ie nan cee
well in this city. { Geo. Ord. . “4 x:
7 species fresh water shells, 2 7" yell +4 aoiwood A
South Carolina.. ' anused, ult Yo

Large collection of fresh water
Shells, from Ohio. oan ‘a
7 Lela Ce
Fossil Sean; one ee and Ches, J os. Carr, through wotaioogs A
Canal., Isaac Lea, ue See
Portunus Pictus, Cape May. Isaac Lea. identical '
Menobranchus Lateralis, Lake oa apelotolay of. ont tenant
_. Erie, “Hl fr N. ¥.° =:
Polished Stalactite, and Fossil)
Bones in Limestone, Gib- | - r PES (20 lt
raltar. C. Hedelius."” HG? webby g

A Porphyry Mortar, from 5: ee oie wd dupe
Hig Pixel heneease oe aagodrnne

wba’ hats

{ Major Long. "

SS

SA SE

a ea eee Pe ee ee eee

_ LIST OF DONATIONS. 397

velco Awtidles presented. |. > | ' Donors. When presented.

. 1826.
410 specimens Vegetable Im- oy
pressions in slate, Swetara, |. ft

Pa. 2 specimens Argillace- +"

ous Tron, with organic. im- Dr, 1, Hayg,,.

pressions, and another of of; isned
Shell Limestone. wit

Exogyra Costata, 2.specimens, ) W. 'S. , Newbold, -
Delaware and Chesapeake Ca- through Dr.Mor-,_.
nal, ; ‘

trae Exrites in slate, ales $ S. Miffin

Impressions of Fish, in slate, 2 chor
specimens, Westfield, C ina tei Harlan. > September
A Snow Owl, Strix Nyctea of) J. P. Wetherilly:C.’

Wilson ; shot in Burlington}, . W.'Pennock, and ..

Co., N. J., in 1825. ~ Dr. S.G. Morton.

Bottle i Reptiles, Hacoming'$ Dr. RUE. Griffith,
Co., r
Foasil Crab, China... Dr. T. Ritchie.

Specimens of the Tertiary) ~ 2) nities:
Formation at York, Pay and > Dr. Harlan... September.
Tron ore from Genesee, N. Yu ie

- Vertebra ofa whale, Cape May.. Wm. Milnor. am -

White Statuary recap yah ‘i
bury, Maryland. « a Gen. Parker, : ;

Specimen of Rana Peonsylvani- Chiegl os’
ca, (Harlan.) ‘ sh Harlan latoe

9 specimens of American Freeh 8. W. Conrad.

peels 2 ‘

water Bivalve Shells. abraenl peat <3
A large Glass Cylinder. 8, Pi Wetherill. eprih ale
a og conege Dr. R: E, Griffith, sri 7
14 specimens of Organicimp seer

sions in slate, Wilkesbarre, Pas. Dr, 8.6. Morton. OLE
Larva of a species of Sphinx. | @.'W: bins ons sda ol
Cyanine Zirconite, Bun- PEE “cp

comb Co., N. Carolina. . es
Auriferous ‘Pyrites.

om Vanuxem.
Asteriwe, Sullivan’s Island, S.C.)

398

Articles presented.

Portion of the Fossil Jaw. of a
Crocodile; fossil teeth, shells
&c. Burlington Co., N. J:

Stem of an Encrinus, in slate.

Carbonate and Sulphate of
Lime, Goat Island, Niagara.

Fragments of -Human Bones,
and those of the Deer, dug
up near Phenizville, Pa.

Salamander in Spieity, Wabash
river.

2 boxes of Insects, Coleoptera,
Neuroptera, &c., China.

Species of Cancer, "Canton.

Tabasheer, from the Indian
Bamboo.

2 specimens Chalcedony,

ritain, Pa

Pipe clay, Alvarado.

Steatite, China.

Organic remains, Eolaghhath,
N. J.

Box of Seeds, from the Botanic
gardens at Calcutta. ©

Specimen of the HalcusBicolor.
Talon of a Bald Eagle..

bids: erforated by the Tere-)
avalis.
5 ipecuiie of polished Fossil
Madrepores, ‘Torbay, in De-
vonshire, England.

2 specimens Fossil Terebratu- )
lz, and several Belemnites;
Allentown, N. J.

2 specimens Cadmia, Holly Pure)
nace, Conn,

Charcoal on Anthracite, Lehigh,
Pa.

Helix Alternata in recent Lime--

fer
i

LIST OF DONATIONS.

S.P. Wetherill.

Jas. Read.
Dr. I. Hays.

Dr. Ellerson, ~
through R.
Haines.

Jas. M‘Murtrie. September.

2 Dr. Emerson.

t G. Blakie.
ot Dr. Harlan.

Capt. Harman. October.
J. Read.
Dr. Wallack, ar
Calcutta.
S..V. Merrick.
Jas. B. Smith.

Dr. 8. G. Morton.

J.P. Wetherill. -

>Dr. I. Hays.

stone. J

a

ea,

LIST OF DONATIONS. 399
~~ Articles presented, Donors. ‘ When présented.
ie 1826.

See F. ‘Hodgeote through |»
420 species of British plants. t Dr. M pow
Lignite, Delaware and Chesa-? J. Clements,
peake Canal. through Mr. Lea.
10 specimens of Minerals, 2 Mr. Walker, through Oct
Northampton, Mass. Mr. Carpenter. i
Bituminous Coal, Tioga Co. Nv) '
Y. 17 specimens of Organic’
remains, from same. place.
‘9 specimens of Vegetable Im-
ressions, on ‘slate; Laurel SDr. R. E. Griffith, . . Noy.
Pa, another from Mount é ‘
Carbon. 'Terebratula, Lau-.
rel Hill. Anthracite, Stoney
Creek, Pa.
150 specimens of Seeds used in ‘
domestic economy. f odayreae

Fragments of Fossil Bones, and ) W. S. Newbold,
specimens of Exogyra Cos- >. through Dr.

tata, Del. and Ches. Canal. Morton.
_ Asbestus in Serpentine, Chester
Pate.) a 4 Dr. Harlan.
Madrepore on a recent Oyster. Be

8 specimens of Minerals; Mass. N. M. Hentz.
2 — Feldspar, Dizon’ cf J. P. Wetherill
‘Del. Rahat oe f

Phosphate of Lead, Ecton mine, 2 C. Sheffield, through
Pa. tae Dr. Griffith.
Tridachna Squamosa, both 2 J. S. Phillips and Dec
valves. ; Dr. Morton. ;
Triton Variegatum, and Triton
Odiferum. ? tM. Thomas.

3 specimens of Amber, 1 o
Retinasphaltum, | of Lignite, ig through

and 12 species of Fossil ‘
Shells, Y, Cut of the Dela- _ and Mor.

ware and Chesapeake Canal.

2 species Ammonite Whitby, in ;
Yorkshire; Englan Pie 3: : Dr. S. G. Morton.

Asterias, Mediterranean. Capt. Hewett.
VOL. V.— FEBRUARY, 1827. 52

400 LIST OF DONATIONS.

Articles presented, ‘ Donors. '- When presented.
1826.

Fossils, principally nial)

Drummond’s Island, Lake Su- \ Dr. J. K. Mitchell.

perior.
Siren Lacertina, (Lin.) ied

S.C. Vespertilio ‘Arcuatus,

New Hampshire. Specimens Dr. Harlan.

of Rana, dissected to show

the Spawn.

Agama Umbra, (Daud:) Cali-? > p woth erill:
fornia.
Species of Sea Nettle, dried. Capt. Hewett.

Anodonta Cataracta, (Say) Junc-
tion of Clark’s rat Lint the
_ Swatara.

Tail of the Raia, 2 specimens.
New England.

‘S. Mifflin.

Z. Collins.

th

On the 13th December, 1825, forty-two ‘ members of the’
Academy presented to the Institution a framed portrait of their
president, William Maclure, Esq., painted by Mr. Themis ides
of this city.

In July 1826, Mr. C. W. Pennock BBE ty a map, con-
structed by himself, of Wier’s cave, in Virginia.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX

TO THE FIFTH VOLUME.

A.

' Achatina, ~

solida,
Alasmadonta,

istriatum,

notatum,

tenuestriatum,
bi ates

; rufa, ,
Anthicus,
constrictus,
pares

idus,
pitas,

coliate

Porson
_labiatus,

impressus,

Anthribus,
notatus,
capillicornis,

122 4-notatus,
122 limbatus,
1381 alternatus, -
131 variagatus,
153 tomentosus,
-153 | Apophyllite,

220} Apion rostrum,

220} Apate punctatus

221 | Aphrodius vittatus,
$18| Ardea,

319 minor,

374 ceerulia,

$74 herodeus,

51 egretta, —

17 virescens,

158 exilis,

171 ludoviciana,
171 mycticorax,
172 candidissima,
172 americana,
173 violacea,

244 | Asterias,

244 articulata,
244 clathrata,
244 spinosus,
245 sentus,

245 vestita,

245 alternata,
246 | Attagenus cylindricornis,
246 | Attelabus,

247 |- pubescens,
247 scutellaris,
248 | Attica suturella,

402 INDEX.
B. Charadrius _pluvialis, 101
; rubidus, 105
Batrachia, 318 | Chrysomela, 296
Boros unicolor, 238. _ceruleipennis, 269
Bostricus, ~ 255 spirea, - 297
exesus, 255 Oidaretes diadema, 226
fasciatus, 255 | Cistela, — 242
serteaa 256 obscura, 242
politus, 256 , atra, 242
pini, 257 | Clerus, ! 175 |
Boletophagus corticola, 238 le 6 175
Brachycerus areepslis, 254 er? 176
Bufo, $44). ciatts 259
musicus, 344 Clytus, 276
cognatus, 345 confusus,. 276
a harissi, 373 annosus, «e277
Bulines multilineatus, 120] Cordyceps, 4
Byrrhus alternatus, 186 | Cornata, anitsd@
3 ‘ Columba, datanby 80
im) lencoc 980.
ae
Calidris, 105 | Condylura, . - 109
Cantharis, 165:| Coluber, ‘154
re tomentosa, 165 fulvius,: 154
enapeseyag 166 obsoletus, $47
ligatay 166 constrictor, $48
jactata, 167 testaceus, .. 348
prralaley 168 ordinatus, .. $49
aticornis, 168 rietalis, 349
awa ; 168 Fil liformis, 850.
identata, 169 flagelliformis, 350
Catops, «9 184 sipedon,» 351
opacus, 184 sauritay 9 852
simplex, 184 Sirtalis, |. $52
Col {ntrea, 216 oximus, 858)
Callidium cucujiforme, 277 fiavivestiiiii 4 853
Cassida bivittata, 295. striatulus, (» 354.
Cetonia vestita, 201 panes $54 .
Cerylon castaneum, 259 amcenus, — 355
Cenchris, 49 rigidus,. |. $55
mokeson, 49} & Ms no ad . $55
» mokeson, (var.) 50) | porcatus, 356
Charadrius, 96—98 . coccineus,.. 356
hiaticula, 97—99 | Coleopterous insects, 237
wilsonius, 100 Colyda ium, 263
vociferus, 100 Paralelpipedtin, 268

ee eo a ee

ee

ee ee

INDEX. 403
Colydium longiusculum, 264 | Elater vernalis, , 374
lineola, 264 | Elephant tortoise, 284
Coccinella, $01 | Enoplium dislocatum, 176
Garg ullata, _ 301) Euryale muricatum, .. 153
ans Finotata, 302 | Eustrophus tomentosus, 239
normata,, 302 | Eumolphus, 295
ep 308 295
Cruciferce, 132 ote 295
Cremastocheilas, _ $81} Eumorphus, 303
tte ' eastanea, $84 distinetus, , 303
; hentzii, 386 angulatus, 303
“ sayili, 388.
Crotalus, 52 F.
, durissus, 52 j
; horidus, 54 | Falco, giizht 28
, miliarius, 55 Fusus fluvialis, 129
224 confluentis, 56 | Fusus, 214
,, er 56 10- costatus, 214
267 bicolor, 215
gg EN 267
rij modestus, — 268 G.
Cyclostoma dentata, 125
_ Cyphon, 161 | Gallapagos tortoise, 284
: discoidus, 161 | Galleruca, 298
ovalis,.... 161 mee pat 298
; D. Geology of P Pohionss Lead
Mines, ~ 305
Delphinula laxa, 207: Da
Donacea, 282 Hi.
gi es 282
metalica, 283 Hamatopus, 106.
rufa, 283 | Hemipalama, . 88
pusilla, 293") Helix, : 119
confluenta, 298 fallax, 119
Dytiseus i liberus, 160 egena, 120
? Hermaphrodite Orang, 229
. E. Helops pullus, 240
mip? ee politus, 240
Echinus, 225 tenuicollis, 241 -
, lucunter, » 226 aratus, 241
venseeeib 226 | Helodes, 298
Elanus, 28 trivittata, 298
Elmis, 186 | Hister, 82
_ citictus, 186 memnonias, $2
4-notatus, 187 depurator; 3S

404 INDEX.
Hister unicolor, 86 L.
arcuatus, 34
bifidus, $4 | Latrideus pubescens, 265
indistinctus, 85 | Lamia, 268
sedecimstriatus, 36 macula,’ 268
obliquus, 87 6-guttata, 269
nigrellus, 38 dasycerus, 270
conjunctus, 88 alpha, 270°
subrotundus, $9 faceta, ‘e71
vernus, 40 spinosa, 271
fraternus, 40 | Land tortoise, 284
mancus, 41 | Laumonite, 61
palmatus, 42 | Lampyris, 161
lelus, 42 ruficollis, 161
ntalis, 43]. angulata, 162
sordidus, 44 centrata, ' 163
eequalis, 44 reticulata, 163
punctulatus, 45 scintillans, 164
transversus, 45 Leptura, 978
alternatus, 46 nigrella, 279
Hololepta, 47 scalaris, — 278
eequalis, 47 ' pubera, “219°
fossularis, 47 coerulea, 280
Hoplia trifasciata, 200 spheericollis, | 280 —
Hypocrea, 4| ema melanocephala, 294
Hypoxylon, 5 Lime-stones of the Mis-
Hydrophilus, 188 souri lead mines, 376
rotundus, 188 | Limosa, 3 74
striatus, 188 Limneus, : 1
exiguus, 189 modicellus, “122°
subcupreus, 189 obrussus, 123
Hylurgus dentatus 258 pinguis, ‘| es
Hyla, , $41 Ibanus, «123
lateralis, 341 | List of Officers for 1827, 5
femoralis, 342 | List of Donations to the
squirella, $42 ‘Cabinet, ee)
delitescens, $43 | Lucanus, ee
versicolor, 843} lacidus, 202
brevis , 202
I. Lyctus, "262
reflexus, 262
Icterus, 229 minatus, = 262
icterocephalus, 224 zmatodes, oF
Infundibulum, 209 | Lycoperdina, ;
depressum, 209 | vestita, =. 304
Index, (general.) gi

INDEX.
M. Necrophorus,
orbicollis,

Macroramphus,. 79 | Nitidula,

Malachius, 169 6-maculata,

bs flavilabris, 169 Ziczac,
pusillus, 170 undulata,
, sincatin 170 rufa,
icialis, 170 genaaias ;
be. Sermon 171 -maculata,

Macronyn 187 unilineata,

. glabratus, 187 semitecta,

Megatoma ornata, 185 unicolor,

Melania, 126 brachyptera,

; simplex, 126 | Notoxus,
proxima, 126 anchora,
subgl 128 | Numenius, g

Menobranchus, 323 longirostris,

lateralis, 323
tetradacty- 0.
us re lus, pe
niensis, 320 lura.

Menopa ga 243 — ‘angulata,
trifasciata, 243 elongata,
attenuata, 243 echinata,
rufa, 244 crassispina,

rrahger som 107 reticulata,

— 107 brevispina,
ocellata, 108 ucis
bengalensis, 108 oes
naman 260 flaccida,
unctatus, 260 appressa,
exuosis, 260 | Ophidea,
6-puncta- Ophisaurus,
tus, 261 ventralis,
didesmus, 261} Opatrum,
Mycetophagus, 239 notum,
tomentosus, 239 pullum,
Orang Outang, (hermaphro-
N... dite) ——

Le ' Orscodacna,

Natica, = 209 tripla,

' ___ triseriata, 209 hepatica,
Nassa, See 211 '
unicincta,. 211 "Pi

alba, 212
junata, 113} Paludina,

405

177
177

229
281
281
281

125

406
Paludina subglebosa,

Patella,

ov alternata,
Pearlstone,
Perkiomen Lead mines,
Phasa ancillaria, ©

Plam
muse” oa
Poronia,
Psammobia, .
fusca,

Plates to Vol. V.
R,

Rana,

i pipiens,
clamata,
ocellata,
melanota,
halecina,
utricularius,
scapularis,
flaviviridis,
sylvatica,
palustris,

pumilla,
el,
orsalis,
nigreta,

Rallus,
giganteus,
nigricans,
_ chiricote,
melanurus,

Reptilia, (North Ameri-

can,)

Rhynchites,

INDEX.
— Rhynchites rostrum, 253-
‘QN5. Se: ieworaeht
51 ; 2 vetted
yd Salmo, Hive 48
12 mic tame 48.
128 Salamandray. rite 116
128 tigrina, 117
137 Salamandra, So 26-
137 subviolacea, $27
17 tigrina, 328
58 c indracea, 328
2 fasciata, . ( 229
— bi-
219 My -
219 sotdigia
9 cinerea, vihiaee 330
121 utinosa, 330
121 ~ fusca, 330
409 maculata, 331
subfusca, - $31
longicaudata, $31
nigra, + $32
334 ‘bislineata, 332
335 rubra; 332
335 pictays) 99 333
336 symmetric, 333
336 avissima, 333.
337 puniiiatn, $34.
337 | Saurus, ‘ gi 118
338 minutus, © 118.
338 | Salamandra, » 136:
338 picta, 136
339 symmetrica, 157
339 wig 156
340 | Saperda, \ 272
340 singulata, 972
346 nigra, 272
30 fuscipes, 273:
31 $-lineata, 273:
137 vestita, 2 28
138 obliquay; 274
139 | Scincus, pe 6.
unicolory: sie) 156
317 | Scincus, wedi 221
258 | Scaphisoma, signu! ¥83:

Scaphisoma convexa,
rabceus,

relictus,
Scalaria,
multistriata,

Scutella,
~. pentaphora,
i, ‘trifaria,
Séot 5-faria,
olopax

CE béedalis,
fedoa,

minor,
gallinago,
noveboracensis,
semipalmata,
flavipes,
Syctale,
: piscivorus,

Siren,

lacertina,

intermedia,

striata,

Spheerie,
ossum,
captiats,
mucronata,
subterranea,
flabelliformis,
ula,

intermedia,
vernicosa,
enteromela,
teres,
annulata,
gelatinosa,
stereorum,
lactea
coprophila,
confluens,
atramentosa,
hydnicola,

VOL. V.—FEBRUARY, 1827.

INDEX,
183,| Sphzerize calastoma, ,
194 fusco-purpurea,
194 | Spheeridium,
208 pretexlatum,
208 nigricolle,
226 ocellatum,
226|Spatangus,
227 atropos,
228 | Squatarola,
72 | Sterna,
73 cayana,
75 | Streptanthus,
16 maculatus,
77 | Stenocorus,
80 Figidus,
82 quadrigemina-
83| _ tus,
50 | Strepsilas,
_ 51 | Sylvia,
51 palmarum,
229 | Synchita,
265 guttata,
265 granulata,
$21
$21 T.
822
$22 | Tantalus,
3 “ loculator,
4 ruber,
5 albus,
5 | Tenebrio,
5 reflexus,
6 rufipes,
7 | Testudo elephantopus,
8 | Tellina,
9 intastriata,
10 lateralis,
10 decora,
11 | Tillus,
12 bicolor,
12 undulatus,
14} Totanus,
14| Tringa,
14 bartramia,
14 solitaria,
14 macularia,
53

407

15
16
190

GU opie

PES - .euqortadqel

(a asialabs:s
13 Te tde it).
as: er oy aaa
gs. teeta |

Po hte ione j
ae! psavqeatee® ev

ee Se ee

PLATES TO VOLUME V.

Plate I. Spheeria. e,
fig. 1. S, mucronata, natural size. a, with analysis ;
b, magnified piece of clavula; c, sec-
tion magnified.
fig. 2. S. vernicosa, and analysis; a, nat. size; b,
section; ¢c, the same magnified.
fig. 3. §. subterranea, nat. size. ;
fig. 4. S. geoglossum. a, with magnified analysis
of 6, and ¢, section.
fig. 5. S. flabelliformis. a, nat. size ; 6, and c, mag-
nified specimens; d, section; c, mag-
nified surface of fertile ones.
Plate Il. fig. 6. S. pocula. a, nat. size ; b, and c, magnified
bunches; d, section magnified.
fig. 7. S. teres. a, nat. size; b, section magnified ;
c, magnified specimen.
fig. 8. 8. annulata. a, nat. size ; b, one caspes mag-
; nified; c, and f, sections; d, a single
spheerula, magnified from above; e, in
profile.
fig. 9. S. hidnicola. a, nat. size ; 6, c, and d, magni-
fied; e, section.
fig. 10. S. callostroma. a, nat. size ; b, c, and d, mag-
nified heaps; e, section.
fig. 11. S. fusco-purpurea. a, nat. size on bark ; 6
magnified, showing the barren margin ;
d, section.
Plate If, Salmo microps.

410 PLATES TO VOL, Y«

Plate IV. fig. 1. Murcenophis macularia.
fig. 2. zebra.
fig. 3. ocellata.
Plate V. Saurus minutus.
VI. Selenia aurea. a, the flower and calyx, nat. size ;
6, capsule, and c, seed of the same magnitude.
VII. Streptanthus maculatus. a, lateral branch, nat. sizes
b, the silique ; c, a petal; d, seed.
VIII. Anemone nuttalii.
IX. Simia concolor.
X. Organs of generation of the Hermaphrodite Simia
concolor,
XI. Testudo elephantopus. —
XII. Section of the shaft and lateral drifts of the Per
kiomen lead mine.
XII. fig. 1. Buprestis harrisi.
fig. 2. Elater vernalis.
he: 3. Amphicoma vulpina.
fig. 4. Notoxus anchora.

OE = =

Journal of the Mead. Nat, Sti Phal®

SUM IA.

RM. Bird. del

CONCTOLOR .

Harlan

Vol. V. pl. LD

\Jtten Acad. Nat. Sct. Pai. Vol. Repl XL.

ee ne ee

Sternal. Fates

a

TESTUDO ELEPHANTOPUS.

8.6 Morton. MD. det. ie ; GB Ellis. Se

Jour.Acad. Nat. Sei.Fhat*

5» 20 (30! 40

Scale of 5 feet to the Ho of'an inch.

a

65 Fit.

Vol. Vpit. XM.

=

i a + ‘we :
~teurnal ot the ANS Phil Vol¥. PLL

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