(ISSN 0161-8202) QL I eM'T X 1 r* Journal of ARACHNOLOGY PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN ARACHNOLOGICAL SOCIETY VOLUME 41 2013 NUMBER 3 THE JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: Robert B. Suter, Vassar College MANAGING EDITOR: Douglass H. Morse, Brown University SUBJECT EDITORS: Ecology^ — Stano Pekar, Masaryk University; Systematics — Mark Harvey, Western Aus- tralian Museum and Matjaz Kuntner, Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts; Behavior — Elizabeth Jakob, University of Massachusetts Amherst; Morphology and Physiology — ^Jason Bond, Au- burn University EDITORIAL BOARD: Alan Cady, Miami University (Ohio); Jonathan Coddington, Smithsonian Institution; William Eberhard, Universidad de Costa Rica; Rosemary Gillespie, University of California, Berkeley; Charles Griswold, California Academy of Sciences; Marshal Hedin, San Diego State University; Marie Herberstein, Macquarie University; Yael Lubin, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Brent Opell, Virginia Polytechnic Insti- tute & State University; Ann Rypstra, Miami University (Ohio); William Shear, Hampden-Sydney College; Jef- frey Shultz, University of Maryland; Petra Sierwald, Field Museum; Soren Toft, Aarhus University; I-Min Tso, Tunghai University (Taiwan). The Journal of Arachnology (ISSN 0161-8202), a publication devoted to the study of Arachnida, is published three times each year by The American Arachnological Society. Memberships (yearly): Membership is open to all those interested in Arachnida. Subscriptions to The Journal of Arachnology and American Arachnology (the newsletter), and annual meeting notices, are included with membership in the Society. Regular, $55; Students, $30; Institutional, $125. Inquiries should be directed to the Membership Secretary (see below). Back Issues; James Carrel, 209 Tucker Hall, Missouri University, Columbia, Missouri 6521 1-7400 USA. Telephone: (573) 882-3037. Undelivered Issues: Allen Press, Inc., 810 E. 10th Street, P.O. Box 368, Lawrence, Kansas 66044 USA. THE AMERICAN ARACHNOLOGICAL SOCIETY PRESIDENT: Charles Griswold (2013-2015), California Academy of Science, San Francisco, California, USA. PRESIDENT-ELECT: Marshal Hedin (2013-2015), San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA. MEMBERSHIP SECRETARY: Jeffrey W. Shultz (appointed), Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA. TREASURER: Karen Cangialosi, Department of Biology, Keene State College, Keene, New Hampshire, USA. SECRETARY: Alan Cady, Department of Zoology, Miami University, Middletown, Ohio, USA. ARCHIVIST: Lenny Vincent, Fullerton College, Fullerton, California, USA. DIRECTORS: Jonathan Coddington (2013-2015), Ingi Agnarsson (2013-2015), Richard S. Vetter (2013-2015) PARLIAMENTARIAN: Brent Opell (appointed) HONORARY MEMBERS: C.D. Dondale, H.W. Levi, A.F. Mlllidge. Cover photo: Two pseudoscoipions (Chemetidae) hanging onto the underside of a fly (Muscoidea) in eastern Massachusetts. This is an example of phoresy, the temi for one organism attaching to another as a means of transportation. Photo by Joe Warfel. Publication date: 26 November 2013 ©This paper meets the requirements of ANSI/NiSO Z39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper). 2013. The Journal of Arachnology 41:229-290 The systematics of the pseudoscorpion family Ideoronddae (Pseudoscorpiones: Neobisioidea) in the New World Mark S. Harvey*-- and Wllllaim B. Muclimore^: 'Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, Western Australia 6986, Australia; ^Research Associate, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA; Research Associate, Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, USA; Adjunct, School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Adjunct, School of Natural Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia 6027, Australia. E-mail: mark.harvey@museum.wa.gov.au; "Department of Biology, Rochester University, Box 270211, Rochester, New York 14627-0211 USA Abstract. A review of the pseudoscorpion family Ideoroncidae in North and South America has revealed seven genera and 43 species. The genus Albiorix occurs in xeric environments in western USA and in Mexico, with two outlying species in Chile and Argentina. It includes 18 species, including five new species from Mexico (A. meraculm, A. minor, A. oaxaca, A. puebla and A. rosario), and three from USA (A. gertschi, A. sarahae and A. vigintus). Albiorix holivari is treated as a junior synonym of A. retrodentatiis. The genus Ideoroncus has nine species and is endemic to southern Brazil and Paraguay. Pseudalbiorix has four species and occurs in Central America and western Cuba. Typhloroncus has six species from Mexico and U.S. Virgin Islands, including the new species T. planodentatus from Mexico. Xorilhia has three species and occurs in the Amazonian rainforest ecosystems of northern Brazil and southern Venezuela. Two new genera are described: Mahnertim Harvey & Muchmore for the new species M stipodentalus (type species) and M hadrodentatus, both from Colombia; and Muchmoreus Harvey for the new species M ignotus (type species) from Mexico. Several keys are provided, including one to separate the New World genera, and others to distinguish the species of each genus (apart from the monotypic Muchmoreus). The post-embryonic development of New World ideoroncids is reviewed, particularly the trichobothrial patterns of nymphs and adults. Keywords: Pseudoscorpions, taxonomy, morphology, new species, new genera, post-embryonic development The pseudoscorpion family Ideoroncidae was first recognized and named by Chamberlin (1930), who included two subfamilies and four genera: the subfamily Ideoroncinae for the genera Ideoroncus Balzan 1887 from South America, Albiorix Cham- berlin 1930 from North America, and Dhanus Chamberlin 1930 and Shravana Chamberlin 1930 from southeast Asia, and the subfamily Bochicinae for the monotypic Bochica Chamberlin 1930 from the West Indies. Beier (1931) added the genera Negroroncus Beier 1931 from east Africa and Dinoroncus Beier 1931 from Chile, each represented by single species. Beier (1932b) recognized both subfamilies but also added the subfamily Hyinae, which Chamberlin (1930) had previously proposed as a distinct family. Beier (1931, 1932b) added the Bolivian genus Mirobisiiim Beier 1931 to Bochicinae, but this genus was later recognized as a close relative of Gymnobisium Beier 1931, and both genera, along with Vachonobisiiim Vitali-di Castri 1963, were treated as members of the family Vachoniidae by Vitali-di Castri (1963) and of the Gymnobisiidae by Beier (1964) and Muchmore (1972). Further genera of Ideoroncinae were added from various tropical regions of the world. Redikorzev (1938) described Nhatrangia Redikorzev 1938 from southeast Asia. Beier (1955) and Mahnert (1981a) recognized new African genera, Nannoroncus Beier 1955 and Afroroncus Mahnert 1981, respectively, whilst Muchmore (1979, 1982b, 1986) described various species of Typhloroncus Muchmore 1979 from the Caribbean region. Most recently, Harvey et al. (2007) recognized Pseudalbiorix Harvey, Barba, Muchmore and Perez, 2007 from Central America. In the meantime, the Hyinae was reinstated as a distinct family by Chamberlin (1946) and Bochica was placed in its own family, Bochicidae, by Muchmore (1982a). Bochicidae was later expanded with the inclusion of the previously separate family Vachoniidae by 1992) and 1998). The removal of these various genera from the Ideoroncidae to other families has left a tightly- knit group of genera within Ideoroncidae characterized by the presence of supernumerary trichobothria on the fixed and movable fingers of the pedipalpal chelae, and the median maxillary lyrifissure being located sub-basally on the pedipalpal coxa (1992). The family currently contains 59 species in 10 genera (Harvey 2013) and occurs throughout most tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world with the exception of Australia and West Africa (Harvey 2013). Of the five named New World genera of the Ideoroncidae, Ideoroncus is restricted to Brazil and Paraguay, Albiorix is found in Mexico and southwestern U.S. A., as well as Argentina and Chile, Pseudalbiorix is found in Cuba, southern Mexico, Belize and Guatemala, Typhloroncus occurs in the Virgin Islands and Mexico, and Xorilbia is restricted to the Amazonian region (Harvey 2013). Although many New World species have been well described and illustrated, some of the older species are poorly known. In particular the identity of some members of the genus Albiorix is difficult to verify based upon the original descriptions. Our attempts to consistently identify new speci- mens of Albiorix from the USA and Mexico based upon the keys presented by Chamberlin (1930) and Hoff (1945) proved ineffective, mainly due to the poor understanding of intraspe- cific variation within the genus. We have examined numerous specimens as part of a review of the group and here present the results of that study. We present illustrated redescriptions of most of the older species of Albiorix, and describe several new 229 230 THE JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY species of Alhiorix as well as the first species of Typhloroncus with eyes. We have also found three new species from Mexico and Colombia that could not be placed in any existing genus, for which we erect two new genera. METHODS The specimens examined during this study are deposited in the American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, USA (AMNH); California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, USA (CAS); Coleccion Nacional de Aracnidos, Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Cuidad de Mexico, Distrito Federal, Mexico (CNAN); Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Gainesville, Florida, USA (FSCA); Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA (MCZ); Museo Zoologio di Universita degli Studi di Napoli, Portici, Italy (MZUN); Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA (PMNH); Bohart Museum of Entomology, University of California, Davis, California, USA (UCDC); University of California, Riverside, California, USA (UCRC) and the Western Australian Museum, Perth, Australia (WAM). Most specimens newly examined for this study were slide- mounted by the second author (W.B. Muchmore) in Canada balsam, generally using the methods described by Hoff (1949). Other specimens were examined by the senior author (M.S. Harvey) by preparing temporary slide mounts by immersing the specimen in 15% lactic acid at room temperature for one to several days, and mounting them on microscope slides with 10 or 12 mm coverslips supported by small sections of 0.25 mm or 0.50 mm diameter nylon fishing line. Specimens were examined with a Feica MZ16 dissecting microscope, Feica DM250() or Olympus BH-2 compound microscopes, and illustrated with the aid of a drawing tube. Measurements were taken at the highest possible magnification using an ocular graticule. After study the specimens were returned to 75% ethanol with the dissected portions and placed in 12 X 3 mm glass genitalia microvials (BioQuip Products, Inc.). The setae of the carapace are shown as a solid line if present, but depicted with a dashed line if the seta was missing from the specimen. Other small dots depicted in the illustrations are small pores, and not setal areolae. The genera and species treated in this monograph are arranged alphabetically. Terminology and mensuration largely follow Chamberlin (1931), with the exception of the nomen- clature of the pedipalps, legs and with some minor modifica- tions to the terminology of the trichobothria (Harvey 1992), chelicera (Harvey & Edward 2007; Judson 2007) and faces of the appendages (Harvey et al. 2012). The notation of the supernumerary trichobothria follows Mahnert (1984a). Coordinates for the collection localities were calculated using Google Earth or obtained from various other on-line resources. The spellings of the Mexican place names generally follow Reddell (1981). SYSTEMATICS Family Ideoroncidae Chamberlin 1930 Ideoroncidae Chamberlin 1930:42; Chamberlin 1931:220; Beier 1932a: 166; Beier 1932b: 183; Roewer 1937:254; Hoff 1956:25; Murthy and Ananthakrishnan 1977:25-26; Much- more 1982a: 97-98; Harvey 1991:315; Harvey 1992:1408; Harvey 2013:unpaginated. Ideoroncinae Chamberlin 1930;44; Chamberlin 1931:220; Beier 1932a; 170; Roewer 1937:256; Hoff 1956:25. Diagnosis. — Species of Ideoroncidae can be readily distin- guished from all other pseudoscorpions by the presence of multiple trichobothria on the chelae, with 19 or more on the chelal hand and fixed finger and 10 or more on the movable chelal finger (e.g.. Figs. 4, 27B, 3 1C). Adults of most other pseudoscorpion families have a maximum of 8 trichobothria on the fixed finger and chelal hand, and 4 trichobothria on the movable chelal finger. The only exception is within the family Menthidae, whose members have a pattern of 1 1 +4. Ideoroncids can also be easily recognized by the position of the median maxillary lyrifissure, which is situated sub-basally on the pedipalpal maxilla (Fig. 7A) (it is sub-medial or sub- distal in other families) and the deeply divided median genital sac in males (Fig. 6B) (it is usually entire in the majority of families). Description. — Adults: setae: long, straight and acicular. Chelicera (Figs. 7 A, 7B, 28 B, 29C): hand with 6-9 setae; movable finger with 1 long seta; rallum of 4 thickened blades; galea simple, long and slender. Pedipalp: fixed chelal finger and hand with 19-31 trichobo- thria, movable chelal finger with 10-14 trichobothria (e.g.. Figs. 5, 28C, 3 1C). Venom apparatus present in both chelal fingers, venom ducts long (e.g.. Figs. 8C, 24B, 29D, 3 IE). Carapace: with 2 bulging eyes (e.g.. Figs. 17A, 21 A, 27A, 29 A), or in some species absent (Fig. 8 A). Coxal region (Fig. 6A): manducatory process with 2 long distal setae; median maxillary lyrifissure present and sub- basally situated. Legs (Figs. 7F, 7G): femur I and 11 without basal swelling; femora I and II with primary slit sensillum directed transverse- ly; femur I much longer than patella I; suture line between femur IV and patella IV transverse; metatarsus shorter than tarsus; without sub-ungual spine; claws slender and simple. Abdomen: pleural membrane longitudinally striate (Fig. 6F); spiracles simple, with spiracular helix (Fig. 6E); setae of anterior genital operculum (sternite II) of female very small (Fig. 6D). Genitalia; male median genital sac bipartite (Fig. 6B); female with large gonosac covered with scattered pores (Fig. 6C). Post-embryonic development. — Mahnert (1979, 1981a, 1981b, 1984a), Harvey (1992) and Harvey et al. (2007) presented data on the trichobothria! patterns occurring in the nymphs of various species of Ideoroncidae. Mahnert (1979, 1984a) provided complete post-embryonic sequences (i.e., protonymph, deutonymph, tritonymph and adult) for a single New World species {Ideowncus setosiis) and partial data on one or two nymphal stages in addition to the adult (I. divisus, 1. lenkoi, I. paranensis and Albiorix arhoricola). Harvey et al. (2007) provided data for Pseudcdhiorix reddelli and partial data for P. arnuisi (tritonymph) and P. veracruzensis (tritonymph). We now add complete data for A. chUensis (Fig. 4), and partial data for A. cmophthabmis (deutonymph), A. couodentatus (tritonymph and deutonymph), A. meracidus (tritonymph), A. inexiccmus (tritonymph), A. parvideiitatiis (tritonymph), A. retrodentatus (tritonymph) and Muchmoreus iguotus (tritonymph) (Table 1). As in al! pseudoscorpions HARVEY & MUCHMORE— IDEORONCIDAE IN THE NEW WORLD 231 Figure 1. — A, B. Albiorix parvidentatus Chamberlin, female from Tucson, Arizona, USA. (WAM T129656); C, D. Pseiukilhiorix veracruzensis (HofO, male from Acatlan, Oaxaca, Mexico (WAM T65487): A, C, dorsal; B, D, ventral. (e.g., Vachon 1964), there is a progressive addition of trichobothria at each post-embryonic stage. The general pattern of trichobothrial development in New World ideor- oncids is similar between species, with a pattern of 3/i in protonymphs, 9/6 in deutonymphs, 14-15/8 in tritonymphs and 20-22/10 in adults (Table 1). These figures exclude the occasional variation in total trichobothrial numbers when individual trichobothria are occasionally added or are lost (e.g., Mahnert 1984a; Table 1). Ideoroncid protonymphs have three trichobothria on the fixed finger (eh, et and ist) and one on the movable finger (t), forming a pattern of 3/1, which is standard for all pseudoscorpions. The deutonymphal stage of lochelrata is usually characterized by a 6/2 pattern, although reductions to slightly lower numbers occur in species with reduced adult trichobothria (Harvey 1987, 2011; Mahnert 1984b; Vitali-di Castri 1965). The New World ideoroncid deutonymphs have extra trichobothria in the ist (for a total of 2) and t (4) regions, and the de novo addition of trichobothria in the est (2), ih (2), it (1) and b (2) regions. Tritonymphs have extra trichobothria in the est (4-5), it (3^), ist (3) and t (5) regions, and the de novo addition of trichobothria in the esh ( 1 ) and .9/(1) regions. The adults have additional trichobothria in the est (6), ib (4- 6), ist (4-6) and / (6) regions, and the de novo addition of trichobothria in the ish ( 1 ) and sh ( 1 ) regions. The slight differences observed in the tritonymphs of different species are not always refiected in the corresponding adults; i.e., those tritonymphs with a pattern of 14/8 have adults with a THE JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY 2^'> Table 1. — The number of trichobothria occurring on New World species of Ideoroncidae, including known nymphal stages. Variant numbers are shown in parentheses. eb esb est et ib isb ist it b sb St t Fixed finger, total Movable finger, total Reference A Ihiorix cmophthabmis Adult 1 1 6 1 5 1 6 1 2 1 1 6 22 10 This study Deutonymph 1 - 2 1 2 - 2 i 2 - - 4 9 6 This study A Ihiorix argeutiniensis Adult 1 1 6 1 4 1 5 1 2 1 1 6 20 10 Mahnert { 1984a) A Ihiorix chileiisis Adult 1 1 6 1 4 1 5 1 2 1 1 6 20 10 This study Tritonymph I 1 4 1 3 - 3 1 2 - 1 5 14 8 This study Deutonymph 1 - 2 1 2 - 2 1 2 - - 4 9 6 This study Protonymph 1 - - 1 - - 1 - - - - 1 3 1 This study A Ihiorix conodentalus Adult 1 1 6 1 5 1 6 1 2 1 1 6 22 10 This study Tritonymph 1 1 5 1 3 - 3 1 2 - 1 5 15 8 This study Deutonymph 1 - 2 1 2 - 2 1 2 - - 4 9 6 This study Alhiorix edentatus Adult 1 1 6 1 4 1 6 1 2 1 1 6 21 10 This study Tritonymph 1 1 5 1 3 - 3 1 2 - 1 5 15 8 This study A Ihiorix gertschi Adult 1 1 6 1 5 ! 6 1 2 1 1 6 22 10 This study Alhiorix magmis Adult 1 1 6 1 5 1 6 1 2 1 1 6 22 10 This study A Ihiorix meraculus Adult 1 1 6 1 5 1 6 1 2 1 1 6 22 10 This study Tritonymph 1 1 4 1 3 - 3 1 2 - 1 5 14 8 This study Alhiorix mexiccmus Adult 1 1 6 1 4 1 5 1 2 1 1 6 20 10 Mahnert (1984a); this study T ritonymph 1 I 4 1 3 - 3 1 2 - 1 5 14 8 This study Alhiorix minor Adult 1 1 6 1 5 1 6 (4, 5) 1 2 1 1 6 22 (20, 21) 10 This study Alhiorix mirahilis Adult 1 1 6 1 5 1 6 1 2 1 1 6 22 10 This study Alhiorix oaxaca Adult 1 1 6 1 5 1 6 1 2 1 1 6 22 10 This study Alhiorix parvideii talus Adult 1 1 6 1 5 (4) 1 6 (4, 5) 1 2 1 1 6 22 (20,21) 10 This study Tritonymph I 1 5 1 3 - 3 1 2 - 1 5 15 8 This study Alhiorix puehla Adult 1 1 6 1 5 1 6 1 2 1 1 6 22 10 This study A Ihiorix retrodentatus Adult 1 1 6 1 5 1 6 1 2 1 1 6 22 10 This study Tritonymph 1 1 5 1 3 - 3 1 2 - 1 5 15 8 This study Alhiorix rosario Adult 1 1 6 1 5 1 6 1 2 1 1 6 22 10 This study Alhiorix saraliae Adult 1 1 6 1 4 1 6 1 2 1 1 6 21 10 This study Alhiorix vigintus Adult 1 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 2 1 1 6 20 10 This study Ideoroncus anophthalmus Adult 1 1 6 1 4 1 5 1 2 1 1 6 20 10 Mahnert (1984a) Ideoroncus heieri Adult 1 1 6 1 4 1 6(5) 1 2 1 1 6 21 (20) 10 Mahnert ( 1984a) Ideoroncus cavicola Adult 1 1 6 1 4 1 5 1 2 1 1 6 20 10 (Mahnert 2001) Ideoroncus divisiis Adult 1 1 6 1 4 1 4 1 2 1 1 6 21 10 Mahnert (1984a) Tritonymph 1 1 4 1 3 - 3 1 2 - 1 5 14 8 Mahnert (1984a) Ideoroncus lenkoi Adult 1 1 6 1 4 1 5 1 2 1 1 6 20 10 Mahnert (1984a) Tritonymph 1 1 4 1 3 - 3 1 2 - 1 5 14 8 Mahnert (1984a) Ideoroncus pallidus Adult 1 1 6 1 4 1 5 1 2 1 1 6 20 10 Mahnert (1984a) Ideoroncus parcmensis Adult 1 1 6 1 4 1 5 1 2 1 1 6 20 10 Mahnert (1984a) Tritonymph 1 1 4 1 3 - 3 1 2 - 1 5 14 8 Mahnert (1984a) Ideoroncus procerus Adult 1 1 6 1 4(5) 1 6 1 2 1 1 6 21 (22) 10 Mahnert (1984a) Ideoroncus setosus Adult 1 1 6 1 4 1 5 1 2 1 1 6 20 10 Mahnert (1984a) Tritonymph 1 1 4 1 3 - 3 1 2 - 1 5 14 8 Mahnert (1984a) Deutonymph 1 - 2 1 2 - 2 1 2 - - 4 9 6 Mahnert (1984a) Protonymph 1 - - 1 - - 1 - - - - 1 3 1 Mahnert (1984a) Mahnertius hadrodentatus Adult 1 1 6 1 5 1 6 1 2 1 1 6 22 10 This study Mahnertius stipodentatus Adult 1 1 6 1 5 1 6 1 2 1 1 6 22 10 This study Muchmoreus ignotus Adult 1 1 6 1 4 1 5 1 2 1 1 6 20 10 This study Tritonymph 1 1 4 1 3 - 3 1 2 - 1 5 14 8 This study Pseudalhiorix armasi Adult 1 1 6 1 4 1 5 1 2 1 1 6 20 10 Harvey et al. (2007) Tritonymph 1 1 4 1 3 - 3 1 2 - 1 5 14 8 Harvey et al. (2007) Pseiidalhiorix muchmorei Adult 1 1 6 1 4 1 5 1 2 1 1 6 20 10 Harvey et al. (2007) Pseudalhiorix reddelli Adult 1 1 6 1 4 1 5 1 2 1 1 6 20 10 Harvey et al. (2007) Tritonymph 1 1 4 1 3 - 3 1 2 - 1 5 14 8 Harvey et al. (2007) Deutonymph 1 - 2 1 2 - 2 1 2 - - 4 9 6 Harvey et al. (2007) Protonymph 1 - - 1 - - 1 - - - - 1 3 1 Harvey et al. (2007) Pseudalhiorix veracruzensis Adult 1 1 6 1 4 1 5 1 2 1 1 6 20 10 Harvey et al. (2007) Tritonymph 1 1 4 1 3 - 4 1 2 - 1 5 15 8 Harvey et al. (2007) Typhloroncus attemmtus Adult 1 1 6 1 4 1 7 1 2 1 1 6 22 10 This study HARVEY & MUCHMORE— IDEORONCIDAE IN THE NEW WORLD 233 Table 1. — Continued. eh e.sh est et ib ish ist it h sh St / Fixed finger, total Movable finger, total Reference Typhloroncus coralensis Adult 1 1 6 1 4 1 1 1 2 1 1 6 22 10 This study Typhloroncus diaholus Adult 1 1 6 1 4 1 1 1 2 1 1 6 22 10(11) This study Typhloroncus planodentatus Adult 1 1 6 1 5 1 6 1 2 1 1 6 22 10 This study Typhloroncus troglobius Adult 1 1 6 1 4 1 7 1 2 1 1 6 22 10 This study Typhloroncus xilitlensis Adult 1 1 6 1 4 1 7 1 2 1 1 6 22 10 Muchmore ( 1986) Xorilhia arhoricola Adult 1 1 6 1 5 1 6 1 2 1 1 6 22 10 Mahnert (1984a) Tritonymph 1 1 4 I 4 - 3 1 2 - 1 5 15 8 Mahnert (1984a) Protonymph 1 - - 1 - - 1 - - - - 1 3 1 Mahnert (1979) Xorilhia gracilis Adult 1 1 6 1 5 1 6 1 2 1 1 6 22 10 Mahnert ( 1985b) Tritonymph 1 1 4 1 4 - 3 1 2 - 1 5 15 8 Mahnert (1985b) Protonymph 1 - - 1 - - 1 - - - - 1 3 1 Mahnert ( 1985b) Xorilhia lainellifer Adult 1 1 6 1 5 1 6 1 2 1 1 6 22 10 Mahnert (1985b) pattern of 20/10 (A. chilensis, A. mexicanus, Ideoroncus lenkoi, /. pciranensis, 1. setosus, M. ignotiis, P. armasi, P. reddelli), 21/10 (/. divisiis) or 22/10 {A. meracuhis), and those tritonymphs with a pattern of 15/8 have adults with 20/10 {P. veracnizensis ), 21/10 (A. edentatiis) or 22/10 {A. conodentatus, A. parvidentatiis, A. retrodentatus, Xorilhia arhoricola and X. gracilis). Other significant differences between the various life stages include the lack of a cheliceral galeal seta and the absence of a posterior maxillary lyrifissure in all protonymphs. Subterminal tarsal seta. — The paired subterminal tarsal setae achieve several different morphologies in the Ideoronci- dae. They are bifurcate or trifurcate in most species, but are completely acuminate in Typhloroncus pkmodeiitatiis, T. xilitlensis and species of Xorilhia. The greatest intra-generic variation was found in Alhiorix, where it ranged from trifurcate with all tines short and sub-equal in length (e.g., Figs. lOG, 15D), to trifurcate with long tines (Fig. 13E), to trifurcate with one tine much longer than the others (Fig. 18E) to bifurcate with long tines (Figs. 14F, 22E). The morphology was found to be consistent on all legs of an individual, and was constant between species and each post-embryonic stage. Distribution. — The family Ideoroncidae occurs in east Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Although mostly confined to tropical biotypes, they also inhabit temperate habitats in North and South America (Fig. 2). They have been mostly found in leaf litter or on the underside of rocks, but some species live within caves where they have developed into highly modified troglobites with long appendages and no eyes (Muchmore 1982b; Muchmore & Pape 1999). The New World fauna is patchily distributed and most genera are allopatric, with the only zone of overlap being southern Mexico where species of Alhiorix coincide with species of Typhloroncus and Pseiidalhiorix (Fig. 2). Alhiorix occurs in southwestern USA and Mexico, as well as two outlying species in Chile and Argentina (Fig. 2A). The remaining South American fauna consists of Xorilhia in the Amazon region, Malmertius in Colombia, and Ideoroncus in southern Brazil and neighboring Paraguay (Fig. 2). The remaining American ideoroncid genera are Muclunoreus, which is restricted to the Yucatan Peninsula, Pseudalhiorix in southern Mexico and adjacent countries, and Typhloroncus with species from Mexico and the US Virgin Islands (Fig. 2). Remarks. — Ideoroncidae is an easily recognized family, which was suggested to be the sister-group to the family Bochicidae by Harvey (1992). This result was not confirmed by Harvey & Volschenk (2007) in an analysis of several exemplar species of the seven families of Neobisioidea. Instead, they found that Ideoroncidae was sister to all other Neobisioidea, with the exception of the Bochicinae. Both results suggest that the Ideoroncidae are a relatively basal clade of Neobisioidea. KEY TO NEW WORLD GENERA OF IDEORONCIDAE 1. Arolium much longer than claws and without ventral hooked process (e.g.. Figs. 8A, 291) 2 Arolium shorter than claws or same length as claws and with ventral hooked process (e.g., Figs. 27F, 3 ID) 5 2. Arolium deeply divided (e.g.. Figs. 9D, 21G) Alhiorix Arolium not divided (Fig. 291) 3 3. Condyle on external margin of chelal hand large and bifurcate Pseudalhiorix Chelal hand with retrolateral condyle small and rounded 4 4. Sternites with median suture line; each spiracular plate with 1 seta Ideoroncus Sternites without median suture line; each spiracular plate with 2 or 3 setae Muchmoreus 5. Distal teeth of fixed chelal finger raised into a short ridge (Fig. 28H) Malmertius Distal teeth of fixed chelal finger not raised into a short ridge (Fig. 3 IE) 6 6. Arolium divided; anal operculum not abutting sternite X Xorilhia Arolium not divided; anal operculum either closely abutting or adjacent to sternite X (Figs. 30A-C) Typhloroncus 234 THE JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY 130‘W 120'W 110'W 100"W 90"W 80"W 70*W 60"W 50"W 40"W 30’W 130’W 120'W 110‘W lOO'W 90*W BO'W 70'W 60'W 50‘W 40'W 30‘W Figure 2. — Distribution of the genera of Ideoroncidae in the New World: A. Albiorix, Muchmoreus and Xorilhicr, B. Ideoroncus, Mahnertiiis, Pseiulalhiorix and Typhloroncus. Albiorix Chamberlin 1930 Albiorix Chamberlin 1930:44; Beier 1932a:172; Hoff 1945:1; Hoff 1956:25; Mahnert 1984a:671; Harvey 1991:316; Harvey 2013:unpaginated. Diuoroncm Beier 1931:305; Beier 1932a:171 (synonymized by Mahnert 1984a:676). Type species. — Albiorix: Ideoroncus niexicaniis Banks 1898, by original designation Dinoroncus: Ideobisium (Ideoroncus) chilense Ellingsen 1905, by original designation. Diagnosis. — Species of Albiorix possess deeply divided arolia (e.g.. Figs. 9D, 21G), a feature that is nearly unique within the Ideoroncidae, and that elsewhere amongst pseudo- scorpions is restricted to most species of Garypinidae. Species of Xorilbia also have divided arolia, but unlike Albiorix, the arolia are shorter than the claws and the arolium has a ventral hook. Description. — Adult: setae: long, straight and acicular. Chelicera (Figs. 7A, 7B): hand usually with 6 setae, occasionally with 5 or very rarely 7 setae; movable finger with 1 long subdistal seta; rallum of 4 thickened blades (Fig. 1C), all blades serrate in some species, only the two distal blades serrate in others; lamina exterior absent; galea long and slender. Pedipalp: long and slender; patella with disto-prolateral excavation; fixed chelal finger and hand with 20 or 22 trichobothria (very rarely 19 or 21), movable chelal finger with 10 trichobothria (e.g.. Fig. 4): eb region with 1 trichobothrium; est region with 6 (5 in one specimen) trichobothria; ib region with 4 or 5 trichobothria; ist region with 5 or 6 trichobothria; b region with 2 trichobothria; sb and St regions with 1 trichobothrium; and t region with 6 trichobothria; st not ventrally displaced. Venom apparatus present in both chelal fingers, venom duct terminating in nodus ramosus near est region in fixed finger and near / region in movable finger; chelal teeth all closely spaced; base of fixed chelal finger with several small denticles (Figs. 7D, 7F); chelal hand with retrolateral condyle small and rounded (Fig. 7F). Carapace: with 2 small, bulging eyes (e.g.. Figs. lOA, 15F), or absent (Fig. 8 A); without furrows or with faint posterior furrow near posterior margin; anterior margin with 4 or occasionally 6 setae. Coxal region (Fig. 6A): manducatory process with 2 long distal setae; median maxillary lyrifissure present and sub- basally situated. Legs (Figs. 7F, 7G): femora I and II without basal swelling; femora I and II with primary slit sensillum directed transversely; femur I much longer than patella I; suture line between femur IV and patella IV transverse; metatarsus shorter than tarsus; metatarsal pseudotactile seta sub-proxi- mal; legs with subterminal tarsal setae either bifurcate or trifurcate; arolium longer than claws, deeply divided (e.g.. Figs. 9D, 21G), without ventral hooked protuberance; with- out sub-ungual spine; claws slender and simple. Abdomen: tergites and sternites undivided. Pleural mem- brane longitudinally striate (Fig. 6F). Each stigmatic sclerite with 1 seta (Fig. 6E); spiracles simple, with spiracular helix. Anterior margin of anal operculum not abutting posterior margin of sternite X (Fig. 7H). Genitalia: male median genital sac bipartite (Fig. 6B); female with large gonosac covered with scattered pores (Fig. 6C); setae of anterior genital operculum (sternite II) of female very small (Fig. 6D). Tritonymph: Pedipalp: fixed finger with 14 or 15 trichobo- thria, movable finger with 8 trichobothria (e.g.. Figs. 4C, lOE, HE, 14E, 15B, 16E); eb, esb, it and et regions each with 1 trichobothrium; ib region with 3 trichobothria; ist region with 3 trichobothria; est region with 4 trichobothria; et slightly distal to if, b region with 2 trichobothria; st region with 1 trichobothrium; t region with 5 trichobothria; isb and sb absent. Deutonymph: Pedipalp: fixed finger with 9 trichobothria, movable finger with 6 trichobothria (e.g.. Figs. 4B, lOH, IIF); HARVEY & MUCHMORE— IDEORONCIDAE IN THE NEW WORLD 235 eh, ist, it and et regions each with 1 trichobothrium; ih region with 2 trichobothria; est region with 3 trichobothria; et slightly distal to it; h region with 2 trichobothria; t region with 4 trichobothria; esh, isb, sh and st absent. Protonymph: Pedipalp: eb, et, ist and t regions each with 1 trichobothrium; others absent (Fig. 4A). Remarks. — The genus Albiorix was erected by Chamberlin (1930) for three species of ideoroncid pseudoscorpions from Mexico and southwestern USA each possessing long, divided arolia. The type species, Ideoronciis inexicanus Banks, was recorded by Chamberlin (1930) as A. mexiccmus throughout the western USA and Mexico, whereas A. parvidentatus Chamberlin and A. edeutatus Chamberlin were restricted to California. Several species have been subsequently added to the genus from the New World (Hoff 1945, 1950; Beier 1963; Muchmore 1982b; Muchmore & Pape 1999), but some have since been removed to other genera. Albiorix reddelli Muchmore 1982 and A. veracruzensis Hoff 1945 were transferred to the new genus Pseudalhiorix by Harvey et al. (2007), as they lack the long, divided arolia characteristic of Albiorix, and have a bifid retrolateral chelal condyle that is lacking in Albiorix. Although A. arhoricola Mahnert 1979, A. gracilis Mahnert 1985 and A. lamellifer Mahnert 1985 from Amazonian Brazil have divided arolia (Mahnert 1984a, 1985b), the arolium of these species is distinctly shorter than the claws and possesses a small ventral hook (Harvey & Mahnert 2006, Fig. 1; Mahnert 1984a, Fig. 41). This hook is absent in the remaining species of Albiorix, but occurs in other ideoroncids including Dlumiis siamensis (With 1906) and in species of Negroronciis and Typhloronciis (Vachon 1958; M.S. Harvey pers. obs.). These differences led Harvey & Mahnert (2006) to transfer the three Brazilian Albiorix species to the new genus Xorilhia. The genus Dinoroncus was established by Beier (1931) for Ideohisiiim (Ideoronciis) chilense Ellingsen 1905, which was described from a single specimen from Santiago, Chile (Ellingsen 1905). New records of this species were reported by Feio (1945) from La Rioja Province in northwestern Argentina, and Hoff (1950) added a second species to the genus, D. argentiniensis Hoff 1950, from La Sebila, also in La Rioja Province, Argentina. Hoff (1950) also suggested that the Argentinian records of D. eliilensis were most likely misiden- tified specimens of D. argentiniensis. Although Mahnert (1984a) was unable to examine any specimens of /. chilense, his study of D. argentiniensis led him to believe that the genus Dinoroncus should be regarded as a synonym of the genus Albiorix, as the latter species possessed the deeply divided arolium characteristic of that genus. Our study of the holotype of /. chilense and other specimens attributed to that species has revealed that they indeed have long, divided arolia (Fig. 9D), and the synonymy of Dinoroncus with Albiorix is confirmed. Etymology. — Chamberlin (1930) did not provide an ety- mology for the genus Albiorix, but Harvey et al. (2007) assumed it was named for the Celtic god Albiorix. Chamberlin (1930) also did not specifically nominate a gender for Albiorix, but the three species originally included were treated as masculine (A. inexicanus, A. edentatus and A. parvidentatus), and subsequent authors have since added obviously masculine names (Hoff 1945; Muchmore & Pape 1999), confirming that the genus name is masculine. KEY TO SPECIES OE ALBIORIX 1. One pair of eyes present (e.g.. Figs. 17A, 23A) 2 Eyes completely absent (Fig. 8A) A. anophlhalinus 2. Chelicera with 5 setae (Fig. 7B); anterior margin of carapace with 6 setae (Fig. 9B); trichobothrium ib region of chelal hand with 4 trichobothria (Figs. 5B, 9E); trichobothrium t region overlapping with est region (Figs. 5B, 9E) A. chilensis Chelicera with 6 setae (Fig. 7A); anterior margin of carapace with 4 setae (Figs. 13A, 18A); trichobothrium ib region of chelal hand with 5 trichobothria (Figs. 5F, 5G, 5K); trichobothrium t region distal to e.st region (Figs. 5F, 5G, 5K, 13C, 14C, 15C) .... 3 3. Chelal hand completely smooth (Fig. 17B) A. mirabilis Chelal hand with prolateral and, usually, retrolateral margins granulate, sometimes weakly so (e.g.. Figs. 13B, 19B, 23B) . . 4 4. Subterminal tarsal seta bifurcate (Figs. 14F, 22E) 5 Subterminal tarsal seta trifurcate (e.g.. Figs. 13E, 19F, 21G) 6 5. Subterminai tarsal seta with each tine very long (Fig. 14F) A. ineraculus Subterminal tarsal setae with each tine short (Fig. 22E) 4. rosario 6. Subterminal tarsal seta with 1 very long distal tine and 2 short basal tines (Fig. 18E) A. oaxaca Subterminal tarsal seta with each tine short and of similar length (e.g.. Figs. 13E, 19F, 21G) 7 7. Larger species, e.g., chela (with pedicel) greater than 1.9 mm in length A. niagnus Smaller species, e.g., chela (with pedicel) less than 1.9 mm in length 8 8. Chelal teeth of the fixed finger very closely spaced (Figs. 13C, 13D); trichobothrium c.s'D situated basally, overlapping with ist group (Figs. 5C, 9C) A. conodentutus Chelal teeth of the fixed finger not so closely spaced (e.g.. Figs. 1 ID, 19D, 2 ID); trichobothrium c.vD situated distally, never overlapping with ist group (e.g.. Figs. I9C, 21C, 23C) 9 9. Teeth of fixed chelal finger very low, much longer than high (Fig. IID) A. edentatus Teeth of fixed chelal finger higher than long (e.g.. Figs. 15C, 21 D) 10 10. Tips of the teeth of the fixed chelal finger sharply pointed (Fig. 15C) A. inexicanus Tips of the teeth of the fixed chelal finger slightly rounded (e.g.. Figs. 12D, 2 ID) 11 1 1. Median teeth of fixed chelal finger with noticeably sinuate distal face (Figs. 20D, 21 D) 12 Median teeth of fixed chela! finger with straight or slightly sinuate distal face (e.g.. Figs. 16D, I9D) 13 12. Larger species, e.g. chela (with pedicel) greater than 1.2 (male) mm in length; trichobothrium ist/ slightly dorso-distal to ist_^ (Fig. 21C) A. retrodentatus 236 THE JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY 120‘W 110“W ^ Aibnru inophthstmus HI Albnru msgnus ^ Ajboru mersoilus ^ Aiuorw maxtcafius rn Aibaru minof /£\ AlbiQfU roMHO ^ AJbionx conodenlatus I Albionx mirab^lis A Albionx oaxaca ^ Albiohx puebla Albionx fetrodentatus Figure 3. - Distribution of Albiorix species. 80°W D 30"S- 40*S- 1.^ Albionx af^enbniensis ^ Albionx chJensts Smaller species, e.g., chela (with pedicel) less than 1.0 (male) mm in length; trichobothrium isti directly dorsal to ist^ (Fig. 20C) A. puehJa 13. Trichobothrium ihs distally displaced, situated far distal oi eb, esb and isb (Figs. 12C, 23C, 24B) 14 Trichobothrium //),- not distally displaced, situated about on same level as eh, esb and isb (Figs. 16C, 19C) 16 14. Fixed chelal finger and hand with 22 trichobothria, with isti present (Figs. 12B, 12C) A. gertschi Fixed chelal finger and hand with 20 or 21 trichobothria, with isti absent (Figs. 23B, 23C, 24A, 24B) 15 15. Fixed chelal finger and hand with 20 trichobothria, ist region with 4 trichobothria (Fig. 24B) A. vigintus Fixed chelal finger and hand with 21 trichobothria, ist region with 5 trichobothria (Fig. 23C) A. sarabae 16. Larger species, e.g., chela (without pedicel) 1.67 (female) mm in length A. argentiniensis Smaller species, e.g. chela (without pedicel) less than 1.5 (female) mm in length 17 17. Teeth of fixed chelal finger only slightly longer than high (Fig. 16D) A. minor Teeth of fixed chelal finger noticeably longer than high (Fig. 19D) A. parvidentatus Albiorix aiiophthahtuis Muchmore 1999 Figs. 3B, 5A, 8 Albiorix auophthalnms Muchmore, in Muchmore and Pape 1999:138-141, Figs, la-c, 2, 4; Harvey 2013:unpaginated. Types examined. — USA: Arizona: Holotype male, Arken- stone Cave, Colossal Cave Mountain Park, Pima County (32°04'N, 110°38'W), 9 September 1990, R.B. Pape (FSCA, WM7541. 01001 ). Paratypes: USA: Arizona: 1 female (allo- type), same data as holotype, except 22 March 1992 (FSCA, WM7807. 01001 ); 1 male, same data as holotype, except 11 August 1990 (FSCA, WM7540.01001 ); 1 deutonymph, same data as holotype, except 9 June 1991 (FSCA, WM7707. 01001). HARVEY & MUCHMORE— IDEORONCIDAE IN THE NEW WORLD 237 Figure 4. — Left chela (or a mirror image of the right chela), post-embryonic trichobothrial patterns of Albiorix chilensis (Ellingsen), specimens from 1 km E. of Maitencillo (UCDC), unless stated otherwise: A. Protonymph; B. Deutonymph; C. Tritonymph (UCDC, Jardin Botanico Nacional); D. Adult male. Other material examined. — USA: Arizona: 1 female, Colos- sal Cave, Pima County (32°04'N, 110°38'W), no date, J. Cowles (WAM T9 1621). Diagnosis. — This highly troglomorphic species is the only known species of Albiorix that lacks eyes (Fig. 8A). Description. — Adult: See Muchmore & Pape (1999), except as follows: Pedipalp: fixed chelal finger and hand with 22 trichobothria, movable chelal finger with 10 trichobothria (Figs. 5A, 8C): eb, esb and isb in straight row at base of finger; eh, esb, isb, it and et regions each with 1 trichobothrium; ib region with 5 trichobothria; ist region with 6 trichobothria; est region with 6 trichobothria; et slightly distal to if, b region with 2 trichobothria; sh and st regions each with 1 trichobothrium; t region with 6 trichobothria; sh not dorsally displaced relative to sf, t region not overlapping with est region; base of fixed chelal finger with several small denticles. Deutonymph: Chelicera: galea long, slightly curved; hand with 5 setae, movable finger with 1 seta; rallum composed of 4 blades, all serrate. Pedipalp: trochanter 2.15, femur 5.29, patella 3.57, chela (with pedicel) 4.97, chela (without pedicel) 4.73 X longer than broad. Fixed finger with 9 trichobothria, movable finger with 6 trichobothria (Fig. 8E); eh, ist, it and et regions each with 1 trichobothrium; ih region with 2 trichobothria; est region with 3 trichobothria; et slightly distal to if, h region with 2 trichobo- thria; t region with 4 trichobothria; esb, isb, sh and st absent. Chelal hand with retrolateral condyle small and rounded. Carapace: anterior margin medially prominent; eyes absent; with 4 setae on anterior margin and 2 setae on posterior margin. Coxal region: posterior maxillary lyrifissure present, sub- basal. Legs: much as in adult. Dimensions (mm): Body length ca. 1.87. Pedipalp: trochan- ter 0.237/0.110, femur 0.608/0.115, patella 0.446/0.125, chela (with pedicel) 1.004/0.202, chela (without pedicel) 0.955, hand (without pedicel) length 0.352, movable finger length 0.590. Carapace 0.557/? (distorted). Remarks. — Albiorix anophthalnius is a highly modified blind troglobite known only from caves within the Colossal Cave Mountain Park in southern Arizona (Fig. 3B). Muchmore & Pape (1999) summarized numerous records within Arkenstone Cave where individuals were found on the underside of broken calcite pieces and limestone rocks on the floor of the cave. We have reexamined the four type specimens collected in Arkenstone Cave used to compile the original description (Muchmore & Pape 1999), as well as an additional female collected in nearby Colossal Cave. Although the original description tentatively identified 20 trichobothria on the fixed chelal finger and hand (Muchmore & Pape 1999), we can now detect 22 trichobothria (Figs. 5 A, 8C). Albiorix argentiniensis (Hoff 1950) Fig. 3D Dinoroncus chilensis (Ellingsen): Feio 1945:4 (misidentification). Dinoroncus argentiniensis Hoff 1950:229-232, Figs. 7-9. Albiorix argentiniensis (Hoff): Mahnert 1984a:675-676, Fig. 44; Harvey 1991:316; Ceballos & Ferradas 2008:109-110; Mahnert et al. 2011:9-10; Harvey 2013:unpaginated. Material examined. — None. The holotype was originally lodged in the J.A. Rosas Costas collection, but subsequently destroyed by Rosas Costas himself (Mahnert et al. 2011). Diagnosis. — Albiorix argentiniensis is a moderately large species [e.g. chela (without pedicel 1.67 (female) mm in length]. It differs from A. chilensis, the only other South American species of Albiorix, by the trichobothrium t region not overlapping with the est region. Description. — See Hoff (1950) and Mahnert (1984a). Remarks. — We have not examined any specimens of this species, which has only been recorded from La Rioja Province in northwestern Argentina, including the type locality La Sebila (Hoff 1950), Bazan (incorrectly spelled ‘Balzan’ by 238 THE JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY Figure 5.- -Trichobothrial patterns of Alhiorix species, taken from left chela (or a mirror image of the right chela). Not shown are A. argeittiiiieiisis (Hoff) (not studied) and A. rosario Harvey & Muchmore sp. nov. (sole specimen has the chela mounted laterally). HARVEY & MUCHMORE— IDEORONCIDAE IN THE NEW WORLD 239 Eigure 6. — Alhiorix spp.; A. Coxal region, ventral [A. mexicamis (Banks), female neotype]; B. Male genitalia, ventral (A. parviclentatiis Chamberlin, CAS, JC-1371. 01001, male); C. Gonosac {A. parviclentatiis, CAS, JC-375. 02001, female); D. Sternites II and III {A. parviclentatiis, CAS, JC-375.0200I, female); E. Spiracular region, ventral {A. parvidentatus, CAS, JC-1371. 01001, male); F. Pleural membrane {A. parviclentatiis, CAS, JC-1371. 01001, male). Abbreviations; Igs, lateral genital sac; mgs, median genital sac; mml, median maxillary lyrifissiire; pml, posterior maxillary lyrifissure. Scale lines = 0.5 mm (A); 0.2 mm (C, D); 0.1 mm (B, E, F). Feio) and Oita (Feio 1945) (Fig. 3D). The long and deeply divided arolium (Mahnert 1984a) confirms that this species is correctly placed in Alhiorix. Alhiorix chilensis (Ellingsen 1905) Figs. 3D, 4, 5B, 7B, 9 Icleobisium ( Ideoroncus) c/t/7cn.ye Ellingsen 1905;326-327. Dinoroncus chilemis (Ellingsen): Beier 1931:305 [as Dinoroncm chilense [sic)]; Beier 1932a: 172, Fig. 202; Roewer 1937:257; Beier 1964:324-325; Cekalovic 1984:13. Alhiorix chilensis (Ellingsen): Mahnert 1984a:676; Harvey 1991:316-317; Harvey 2013:unpaginated. Not Dinoroncm chilensis (Ellingsen): Feio 1945:4 (misidenti- fication; see Alhiorix argentiniensis (Hoff)). Material examined. — Holotype. CHILE: Region Melropoli- tancr. female, Santiago (33°27'S, 70°40'W), 10 April 1899, F. Silvestri (MZUN). Other material. CHILE: Valparaiso-. 1 male, 1 female, 1 deutonymph, 1 protonymph, 1 km E. of Maitencillo (“Marteneillo” on labels) (32°39'S, 71°26'W), 16 March 240 THE JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY Figure 7. — Alhiorix spp.; A. Left chelicera, dorsal [A. mexicumis (Banks), female neotype]; B. Left chelicera, dorsal [A. chilensis (Ellingsen), male]; C. Rallum (A. niexicaniis, female neotype); D. Fixed chelal finger, showing denticles, ventral (A. mexiccmus, female neotype); E. Chelal fingers, showing denticles, lateral (A. parviclenlaliis, male holotype); F. Left leg I {A. parvicleiuatus, male holotype); G. Right leg IV (A. parviclenlaltis, male holotype); H. Sternite XI (A. parvicloilatus, CAS, JC-375.02()01, female). Scale lines = 0.25 mm (B); 0.2 mm (A, F, G, H); 0.1 mm (C. D, E). HARVEY & MUCHMORE— IDEORONCIDAE IN THE NEW WORLD 241 Figure 8. — Albiorix cmophthalmm Muchmore, male holotype (FSCA, WM7541 .01001) unless stated otherwise: A. Carapace, dorsal; B. Tip of left tarsus IV, lateral; C. Left chela, lateral; D. Detail of fixed chelal finger; E. Left chela, setae omitted, dorsal, deutonymph paratype (FSCA, WM7707.01001). Scale lines = 0.5 mm (A, C, E); 0.1 mm (B, D). 1961, L.M. Smith (UCDC); 6 males, 5 tritonymphs, 5 deutonymphs, 1 protonymph, Jardin Botanico Nacional,, Vina del Mar (33°00'S, VTSl'W), 16 May 1961, L.M. Smith (UCDC); 1 male, 1 tritonymph, 1 deutonymph, same data (WAM T1 30757). Diagnosis. — Albiorix chilensis is one of the largest species of the genus, with a chela (without pedicel) length of greater than 1.6 mm. It differs from similarly sized species by the presence of only 20 trichobothria on the fixed chelal finger and hand (Figs. 5B, 9E, 9F), having only 5 setae on the cheliceral hand (Fig. 7B), having 6 setae on the anterior margin of the carapace (Fig. 9B), and the trichobothrium t region overlap- ping with the est region (Figs. 5B, 9E, 9F). Description. — Adult: Color: pedipalps and carapace deep red-brown; chelicerae and legs yellow-brown; tergites and sternites pale yellow-brown. Setae: generally long, straight and acicular. Cheiicera (Fig. 7B): hand with 5 setae; movable finger with 1 subdistal seta; galea very slender and elongate; fixed finger with 9 (male), 10 (female) small teeth; movable finger with 5 (male), 6 (female) teeth; rallum of 4 blades, each with several serrations; lamina exterior absent. Pedipalp (Fig. 9A): trochanter with scattered granulations, femur and patella lightly granulate on prolateral margin, chelal hand lightly granulate on prolateral surface at base of fingers; trochanter 1.85-2.20 (male), 2.23-2.41 (female), femur 242 THE JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY Figure 9. — Albiorix chilensis (Ellingsen), specimens from 1 km E. of Maitencillo (UCDC), unless stated otherwise: A. Left pedipalp, dorsal, male; B. Carapace, dorsal; C. Tip of left tarsus IV, lateral, male; D. Tip of left tarsus IV, dorsal, male; E. Right chela, lateral, female; F. Right chela, lateral, holotype female. Scale lines = 1.0 mm (A); 0.5 mm (B, E, F); 0.1 mm (C, D). 4.15-4.35 (male), 4.17^.55 (female), patella 2.98-3.39 (male), 3.02-3.55 (female), chela (with pedicel) 3.48-3.76 (male), 3.40- 3.62 (female), chela (without pedicel) 3.30-3.60 (male), 3.22- 3.45 (female), hand (without pedicel) 1.35-1.47 (male), 1.30- 1.49 (female) x longer than broad, movable finger 1.49-1.53 (male), 1.40-1.56 (female) x longer than hand (without pedicel). Fixed chelal finger and hand with 20 trichobothria, movable chelal finger with 10 trichobothria (Figs. 4D, 5B, 9E, 9F): eb, esb and isb in straight row at base of finger; eb, esb, isb, it and et regions each with 1 trichobothrium; ib region with 4 trichobothria; ist region with 5 trichobothria; est region with 6 trichobothria; et slightly distal to it; b region with 2 trichobothria; sb and st regions each with 1 trichobothrium; t region with 6 trichobothria; sb not dorsally displaced relative to St; t region overlapping with est region. Venom apparatus present in both chelal fingers, venom duct terminating in nodus ramosus basal to est region in fixed finger and basal to t region in movable finger. Chelal hand with retrolateral condyle small and rounded. Chelal teeth evenly spaced and juxtadentate: fixed finger with 54 (male), 50 (female) low, retrorse teeth; movable finger with 40 (male), 41 (female) low teeth; base of fixed chelal finger with several small denticles. Carapace (Fig. 9B): lateral margins evenly convex; 1.25- 1.35 (male) 1.32 (female) x longer than broad; with 2 small bulging eyes; with 26 (male), 28 (female) setae including 6 setae on anterior margin and 4 on posterior margin; with very faint posterior furrow situated close to posterior margin. HARVEY & MUCHMORE— IDEORONCIDAE IN THE NEW WORLD 243 Coxal region: manducatory process somewhat pointed, with 2 long apical acuminate setae; chaetotaxy 2 + 7: 6: 8: 6: 7 (male); 2 + 7: 6: 9: 7: 7 (female). Legs: femur + patella 2.43 (male), 2.57 (female) x longer than deep; subterminal tarsal setae deeply bifurcate; arolium longer than claws, deeply divided (Figs. 9C, 9D). Abdomen: tergites and sternites not divided; sclerites uniseriate. Tergal chaetotaxy: male (1 km E. of Maitencillo), 4: 6: 8: 7: 9: 8: 8: 8: 10: 8 (including 4 tactile setae): 8 (including 4 tactile setae): 2; female (1 km E. of Maitencillo), 4: 6: 8: 8: 9: 10: 10: 10: 8: 8 (including 4 tactile setae): 8 (including 4 tactile setae): 2. Sternal chaetotaxy: male (1 km E. of Maitencillo), 15: (1) 16 [3 + 3] (1): (1) 10 (1): 11: 11: 11: 11: 12: 8: 14 (including 4 tactile setae): 2; female (1 km E. of Maitencillo), 10: (1) 6 (1): (1) 8 (1): 12: 10; 10: 11: 10: 11: 12 (including 4 tactile setae): 2; setae of anterior genital operculum (sternite II) of female very small. Setae of tergites and sternites IX-XI acuminate; with several tactile setae. Genitalia: male with large dorsal apodeme; median genital sac deeply bipartite; female with large gonosac, which is covered with scattered pores. Dimensions (mm): Males: male from 1 km E. of Maitencillo followed by other males (where applicable): Body length 3.14 (3.30-3.39). Pedipalp: trochanter 0.538/0.244 (0.458-0.507/ 0.247-0.251), femur 1.181/0.283 (1.058-1.133/2.50-2.67), patel- la 1.040/0.347 (0.910-0.957/0.282-0.288), chela (with pedicel) 2.096/0.603 (1.840-1.955/0.494-0.520), chela (without pedicel) 1 .992 ( 1 .747-1 .845), hand (vAthout pedicel) length 0.816 (0.688- 0.736), movable finger length 1.219 (1.056-1.12). Chelicera 0.531/0.264. Carapace 0.994/0.928 (but flattened) (0.939-0.973/ 0.720-0.760); eye diameter 0.051. Leg I: femur 0.558/0.147, patella 0.288/0.139, tibia 0.438/0.096, metatarsus 0.275/0.077, tarsus 0.307/0.055. Leg IV: femur + patella 0.948/0.390, tibia 0.686/0.179, metatarsus 0.352/0.117, tarsus 0.482/0.073. Females: holotype followed by other female (where applicable): Body length 4.37. Pedipalp: trochanter 0.635/ 0.264 (0.638/0.286), femur 1.341/0.295 (1.309/0.314), patella 1.200/0.338 (1.120/0.371), chela (with pedicel) 2.275/0.629 (2.344/0.690), chela (without pedicel) 2.172 (2.224), hand (without pedicel) length 0.936 (0.896), movable finger length 1.312 (1.400). Chelicera 0.631/0.310. Carapace 1.182/0.898 (1.043/1.117, flattened); eye diameter 0.058. Leg I: femur ? (0.605/0.146), patella ? (0.320/0.144), tibia ? (0.498/0.103), metatarsus ? (0.291/0.084), tarsus ? (0.357/0.060). Leg IV; femur + patella ? (1.050/0.406), tibia ? (0.728/0.189), metatar- sus ? (0.402/0.129), tarsus ? (0.518/0.081). Tritonymph: Chelicera: galea long, slightly curved; hand with 5 setae, movable finger with 1 seta; rallum composed of 4 blades, all serrate. Pedipalp: trochanter 2.14, femur 4.11, patella 3.07, chela (with pedicel) 3.76, chela (without pedicel) 3.56 X longer than broad. Fixed finger with 14 trichobothria, movable finger with 8 trichobothria (Fig. 4C); eb, esb, it and el regions each with 1 trichobothrium; ib region with 3 trichobothria; ist region with 3 trichobothria; est region with 4 trichobothria; et slightly distal to it; b region with 2 trichobothria; st region with 1 trichobothrium; t region with 5 trichobothria; isb and sb absent. Chelal hand with retrolateral condyle small and rounded. Carapace: 1 pair of small eyes present; with 24 setae, including 6 setae on anterior margin and 4 setae on posterior margin. Coxal region; posterior maxillary lyrifissure present, sub-basal. Legs: much as in adults. Dimensions (mm): Body length 3.12. Pedipalp: trochanter 0.424/0.198, femur 0.880/0.214, patella 0.728/0.237, chela (with pedicel) 1.544/0.411, chela (without pedicel) 1.464, hand (without pedicel) length 0.568, movable finger length 0.928. Carapace 0.872/0.662. Deutonymph: Chelicera: galea long, slightly curved; hand with 5 setae, movable finger with 1 seta; rallum composed of 4 blades, all serrate. Pedipalp: trochanter 1.84, femur 3.27, patella 2.59, chela (with pedicel) 3.56, chela (without pedicel) 3.42 X longer than broad. Fixed finger with 9 trichobothria, movable finger with 6 trichobothria (Fig. 4B); eb, it and et regions each with 1 trichobothrium; ib region with 2 trichobothria; ist region with 2 trichobothria; est region with 2 trichobothria; et slightly distal to it; b region with 2 trichobothria; t region with 4 trichobothria. Chelal hand with retrolateral condyle small and rounded. Carapace: 1 pair of small eyes present; with 20 setae including 6 setae on anterior margin and 4 setae on posterior margin. Coxal region: posterior maxillary lyrifissure present, sub- basal. Legs: much as in adult. Dimensions (mm): Body length 2.26. Pedipalp: trochanter 0.320/0.174, femur 0.609/0.186, patella 0.557/0.215, chela (with pedicel) 1.229/0.345, chela (without pedicel) 1.181, hand (without pedicel) length 0.429, movable finger length 0.750. Carapace 0.634/width not determined. Protonymph: Chelicera; galea long, nearly straight; hand with 4 setae, movable finger without seta; rallum composed of 4 blades, all serrate. Pedipalp: trochanter 2.14, femur 3.95, patella 2.93, chela (with pedicel) 3.93, chela (without pedicel) 3.80 X longer than broad. Fixed finger with 3 trichobothria, movable finger with 1 trichobothrium (Fig. 4A); eb, et, ist and t present. Chelal hand with retrolateral condyle small and rounded. Carapace: 1 pair of small eyes present; with 14 setae including 4 setae on anterior margin and 2 setae on posterior margin. Coxal region: posterior maxillary lyrifissure absent. Legs: much as in adults. Dimensions (mm): Body length 1.376. Pedipalp: trochanter 0.218/0.102, femur 0.435/0.1 10, patella 0.358/0.122, chela (with pedicel) 0.830/0.211, chela (without pedicel) 0.802, hand (without pedicel) length 0.266, movable finger length 0.531. Carapace 0.486/width not determined. Kemarks. — The holotype of Ideobisium chilense has been found to be lodged in MZUN and was examined for this study. The specimen is an adult female stored in ethanol and in good condition. The new specimens of A. chilensis reported here were collected some 100 km from the type locality of Santiago (Fig. 3D) and are generally in accord with the holotype. Mahnert (1984a) reported a specimen of Albiorix from Quebrada de la Plata, Santiago de Chile (33°30'S, 79°55'W), which is located only 25 km from the type locality, that was thought to represent a new species of Albiorix. Dr. Mahnert (in litt., June 2013) now confirms that the specimen is more likely to be a specimen of A. chilensis. 244 THE JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY Figure 10. — Albiori.x conodentatus Hoff, male holotype, unless stated otherwise: A. Carapace, dorsal; B. Right pedipalp, dorsal; C. Left chela, lateral; D. Detail of fixed chelal finger; E. Left chela, lateral, tritonymph (FSCA, WM4776.01006); F. Left chela, lateral, deutonymph (FSCA, WM4776.01007); G. Tip of right tarsus IV, only subterminal tarsal seta shown. Scale lines = 0.5 mm (B); 0.25 mm (A, C, E, F); 0.1 mm (D, G). Albiorix conodentatus Hoff 1945 Figs. 3C, 10 Albiorix conodentatus Hoff 1945:8-10, Figs. 17-20; Harvey 1991:317; Ceballos 2004:427; Harvey 2013:unpaginated. Albiorix retrodentatus Hoff: Hoff 1956:25-26 (misidentification). Material examined. — Holotype. Mexico: Cocdndla de Zar- agoza-. male, 5 miles W. of Saltillo (25°25'N, lOUOS'W), 5 July 1936 [L.I.] Davis (AMNH, Hoff slide S-1 16.5204). Other material. Mexico: Chihuahua: 1 female, Salaices (27°02'N, 105°13'W), 25 February 1966, J. Reddell, W. Bell (FSCA, WM902. 01001 ); Coahuila de Zaragoza: 1 female, Cuatro Cienegas (Minkley’s Camp), Two Cave Canyon, 400 m E. of tip. Sierra San Marcos (26°59'N, 102°05'W), II August 1970, roof of small rock shelter, J.J. Landye (FSCA, WM7467. 01001 ); Nuevo Leon: 1 female, near Gruta del Palmito, 7 km SSW. of Bustamante (26°30'N, 100°32'W), no date, Reddell (FSCA, WM974. 01001 ); Sonora: 3 males, 3 females, San Miguel de Horcasitas (29°17'N, 110°52'W), no date, Eisen (MCZ, WM4535.01001-6); Tamaulipas: 1 female, 10 miles S. of Reynosa (25°55'N, 98°18'W), 6 November 1951, Creighton (AMNH, Hoff slide S-1 967). USA: New Mexico: 1 male, Eddy County, ca. 14 km NE. of Loving (32°21'N, 103°58'W), 6 September 1991, under rock, dry soil, G. Lowe, HARVEY & MUCHMORE— IDEORONCIDAE IN THE NEW WORLD 245 B. Hebert (WAM T 127027); 1 male, Eddy County, Whites City (32°irN, 104°23'W), 24 September 1950, W.J. Gertsch (AMNH, Hoff slide S-1582); 1 male, 1 female, Eddy County, Whites City, boundary Carlsbad Caverns National Park (32°irN, 104°23'W), 6 September 1991, under rocks, G. Lowe (WAM T 127028); Texas: 5 males, 2 females, 1 tritonymph, 1 deutonymph, Brewster County, Bullis Gap Range, Honeymoon (29°50'N, 102°37'W), 14 May 1977, C. Solieau (ESCA, WM4776. 01001-9); 6 males, 5 females, Brewster County, Bullis Gap Range, ridge top (29°50'N, 102°37'W), 16 May 1977, C. Soileau (WAM Ti27030); 2 males, Brewster County, Chisos Mountains, Basin (29°16'N, 103°18'W), 28 May 1952, Cazier, Gertsch and Schrammel (AMNH, Hoff slide S-1961.1-2); 1 male, Brewster County, Chisos Mountains, Big Bend National Park (29°16'N, 103°18'W), 28 September 1950, W.J. Gertsch (AMNH, Hoff slide S-1 580.2); 1 female, Brewster County, Hot Springs, Big Bend National Park (29°1 1'N, 103°00'W), 1 1 September 1950, W.J. Gertsch (AMNH, Hoff slide S-1589.1); 1 female, Hidalgo County, S. of Pharr (26°12'N, 98°irW), 28 March 1936, S. Mulaik (AMNH, Hoff slide S-21 1); 1 male, 1 female, Jeff Davis County, Limpia Canyon, Fort Davis (30°47'N, 103°45'W), 27 March 1956, stream bed with ants, E.V. Gregg (AMNH, Hoff slide S-2740.1-2); 1 male, 1 female, Pecos County, 30 miles N. of Sanderson (30°34'N, 102°24'W), 3,450 feet, 5 September 1991, under rocks on slope, G. Lowe, B. Hebert (WAM T1 27029); 1 male, Terrell County, Sanderson (30°08'N, 102°24'W), 26 May 1952, Cazier, Gertsch and Schrammel (AMNH, Hoff slide S-1 964); 7 males, 7 females, Upton County, 7 miles NE. of Crane, McElroy Ranch (31°29'N, 102°18'W), 20 June 1986, D. Sissom, M. Hulsey (ESCA, WM7601); 2 males, 2 females, Val Verde County, 3 miles N. of Langtry (29°51'N, 101°33'W), 3 November 1984, J. Reddell, M. Reyes (ESCA, WM6769); 4 males, 2 females, Val Verde County, rim of Pecos River Canyon, 3 miles from mouth (29°44'N, 101°2rW), 25 June 1947, C.L. Remington (PMNH, WM3326.01001-6); 3 males, 1 female, 1 deuto= nymph, Val Verde County, Seminole Canyon State Park (29°41'N, 10ri9'W), 4 November 1984, J. Reddell (ESCA, WM6768); 1 female, Val Verde County, Shumla (29°47'N, 101°24'W), 26 May 1952, Cazier, Gertsch and Schrammel (AMNH, Hoff slide S-1960.1). Diagnosis. — Alhiorix conodentatus differs from other species of the genus by the small, tightly spaced chelal teeth of the fixed chelal finger (Fig. lOD), and the position of trichobo- thrium est4 which is situated basally, where it overlaps with the ist group. Description. — Adult: Color: pedipalps, carapace and coxal region red-brown; abdomen pale red-brown; chelicerae and legs light yellow-brown. Setae: generally long, straight and acicular. Chelicera: hand with 6 setae, very occasionally 5 or 7 setae; movable finger with 1 subdistal seta; galea very slender and elongate; fixed finger with 4 (male), 4 (female) small teeth; movable finger with 3 (male), 6 (female) teeth; rallum of 4 blades, each with several serrations; lamina exterior absent. Pedipalp (Fig. lOB): trochanter with scattered granulations on most faces, femur granulate on prolateral and basal region of retrolateral margins, patella finely granulate on prolateral margin, chelal hand very sparsely granulate on prolateral margin at base of fingers; trochanter 2.26-2.54 (male), 2.11- 2.47 (female), femur 3.59-4.11 (male), 3.52-4.05 (female), patella 2.60-3.00 (male), 2.41-2.90 (female), chela (with pedicel) 3.29-3.59 (male), 2.92-3.54 (female), chela (without pedicel) 3.14-3.36 (male), 2.81-3.31 (female), hand (without pedicel) 1.35-1.55 (male), 1.31-1.85 (female) x longer than broad, movable finger 1.18-1.40 (male), 1.16-1.37 (female) x longer than hand (without pedicel). Fixed chelal finger and hand with 22 trichobothria, movable chelal finger with 10 trichobothria (Figs. 5C, IOC): eh, esh and ish in straight row at base of finger; eh, esh, ish, it and et regions each with 1 trichobothrium; ih region with 5 trichobothria; ist region with 6 trichobothria; est region with 6 trichobothria, est4 situated basally, overlapping with ist group; et slightly distal to if, h region with 2 trichobothria; sh and st regions each with 1 trichobothrium; / region with 6 trichobothria; sh not dorsally displaced relative to sf, t region not overlapping with est region. Venom apparatus present in both chelal fingers, venom duct terminating in nodus ramosus basal to est region in fixed finger and basal to / region in movable finger. Chelal hand with retrolateral condyle small and rounded. Chelal teeth closely spaced: fixed finger with 44—57 (male), 45-55 (female) closely spaced, triangular retrorse teeth (Fig. lOD); movable finger with several obvious teeth, followed by a series of indistinct very low teeth; base of fixed chelal finger with several small denticles. Carapace (Fig. lOA): lateral margins evenly convex; 1.16- 1.40 (male), 1.12-1.39 (female), x longer than broad; with 2 small bulging eyes; anterior margin medially prominent; with 21-24 (male), 20-24 (female) setae, including 4 (3 in 1 male) on anterior margin and 4 (very rarely 5 or 6) on posterior margin; with very faint posterior furrow situated close to posterior margin. Coxal region: manducatory process somewhat pointed, with 2 long apical acuminate setae; chaetotaxy 2 + 8: 5: 5: 6: 6 (d); 2 -I- 7: 5: 6: 6: 6 (female). Legs: femur + patella 2.34—2.73 (male), 2.53-2.77 (female) x longer than deep; subterminal tarsal setae trifurcate (Fig. lOG); arolium longer than claws, deeply divided. Abdomen: tergites not divided, medial sternites without medial suture line; sclerites uniseriate. Tergal chaetotaxy: male, 4: 5: 6: 8: 8: 8: 8: 8: 8: 7 (including 4 tactile setae): 5 (including 3 tactile setae): 2; female, 4: 5: 8: 8: 7: 8: 8: 8: 8: 7: 5 (including 2 tactile setae): 2. Sternal chaetotaxy: male, 9: ( 1 ) 13 [3 + 3] (1): (1) 7 (1): 10: 11: 11: 11: 11: 9: 9 (including 4 tactile setae): 2; female, 6: ( 1 ) 8 ( 1 ): ( 1 ) 7 ( 1 ): 10: 11: 10: 10: 11: 11:8 (including 4 tactile setae): 2; setae of anterior genital operculum (sternite II) of female very small. Setae of tergites and sternites IX-Xl acuminate; with several tactile setae. Genitalia: male with small dorsal apodeme; median genital sac deeply bipartite; female with large gonosac which is covered with scattered pores. Dimensions (mm): Males: holotype followed by other males (where applicable): Body length 2.33 (2.26-2.74). Pedipalp: trochanter ? (damaged )/0. 142 (0.323-0.392/0.133-0.170), fe- mur 0.686/0.173 (0.672-0.815/0.174-0.216), patella 0.555/0.201 (0.561-0.665/0.186-0.235), chela (with pedicel) 1.188/0.344 (1.156-1.344/0.321-0.395), chela (without pedicel) 1.116 (1.090-1.265), hand (without pedicel) length 0.477 (0.477- 0.585), movable finger length 0.646 (0.608-0.720). Chelicera 246 THE JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY 0.293/0.149; movable finger length 0.149. Carapace 0.672/ 0.512 (0.632-0.815/0.494-0.656); eye diameter 0.038. Leg I: femur 0.321/0.091, patella 0.180/0.089, tibia 0.239/0.064, metatarsus 0.149/0.051, tarsus 0.245/0.042. Leg IV: femur + patella 0.557/0.238 (0.525-0.627/0.198-0.250), tibia 0.392/ 0.097, metatarsus 0.206/0.071, tarsus 0.300/0.034. Females: specimen from Gruta del Palmito (FSCA, WM974. 01001) followed by other females (where applicable): Body length 2.85 (2.63^.32). Pedipalp: trochanter 0.378/0.160 (0.339-0.467/0.150-0.189), femur 0.800/0.198 (0.682-0.980/ 0.182-0.248), patella 0.614/0.213 (0.557-0.765/0.202-0.267), chela (with pedicel) 1.402/0.410 (1.179-1.608/0.361-0.475), chela (without pedicel) 1.312 (1.102-1.507), hand (without pedicel) length 0.570 (0.483-0.667), movable finger length 0.736 (0.642-0.864). Chelicera 0.358/0.169. Carapace 0.714/ 0.585 (but somewhat flattened) (0.627-0.896/0.518-0.720); eye diameter 0.046. Leg I: femur 0.365/0.105, patella 0.186/0.097, tibia 0.276/0.072, metatarsus 0.167/0.055, tarsus 0.246/0.045. Leg IV: femur + patella 0.615/0.243 (0.531-0.752/0.192-0.287), tibia 0.438/0.110, metatarsus 0.242/0.080, tarsus 0.334/0.054. Tritonymph: Chelicera: galea long, slightly curved; hand with 6 setae, movable finger with 1 seta; rallum composed of 4 blades, all serrate. Pedipalp: trochanter 2.30, femur 3.58, patella 2.63, chela (with pedicel) 3.43, chela (without pedicel) 3.22 X longer than broad. Fixed finger with 15 trichobothria, movable finger with 8 trichobothria (Fig. lOE); eb, esb, it and et regions each with 1 trichobothrium; ib region with 3 trichobothria; ist region with 3 trichobothria; est region with 5 trichobothria; et slightly distal to if, b region with 2 trichobothria; st region with 1 trichobothrium; t region with 5 trichobothria; isb and sb absent. Chelal hand with retrolateral condyle small and rounded. Carapace: anterior margin medially prominent; 1 pair of small eyes present; with 22 setae, including 4 setae on anterior margin and 4 setae on posterior margin. Coxal region: posterior maxillary lyrifissure present, sub- basal. Legs: much as in adults. Dimensions (mm): Body length ? (damaged). Pedipalp: trochanter 0.288/0.125, femur 0.572/0.160, patella 0.436/0.166, chela (with pedicel) 0.972/0.283, chela (without pedicel) 0.910, hand (without pedicel) length 0.381, movable finger length 0.544. Carapace 0.559/? (distorted). Deutonymph: Chelicera: galea long, slightly curved; hand with 5 setae, movable finger with 1 seta; rallum composed of 4 blades, all serrate. Pedipalp: trochanter 2.03, femur 3.61, patella 2.45, chela (with pedicel) 3.82, chela (without pedicel) 3.64 X longer than broad. Fixed finger with 9 trichobothria, movable finger with 6 trichobothria (Fig. lOF); eb, it and et regions each with 1 trichobothrium; ib region with 2 trichobothria; ist region with 2 trichobothria; est region with 2 trichobothria; et slightly distal to if, esb and isb absent; b region with 2 trichobothria; t region with 4 trichobothria; sb and st absent. Chelal hand with retrolateral condyle small and rounded. Carapace: anterior margin medially prominent; 1 pair of small eyes present; with 16 setae, including 4 setae on anterior margin and 2 setae on posterior margin. Coxal region: posterior maxillary lyrifissure present, sub- basal. Legs: much as in adults. Dimensions (mm): Body length 1.62. Pedipalp: trochanter 0.193/0.095, femur 0.394/0.109, patella 0.282/0.1 15, chela (with pedicel) 0.688/0.180, chela (without pedicel) 0.688, hand (without pedicel) length 0.256, movable finger length 0.384. Carapace 0.436/0.310. Remarks. — Albiorix conodentatus occurs throughout south- ern Texas and New Mexico, and northern Mexico (Fig. 3C). Although the label accompanying the slide-mounted holotype of A. conodentatus gives the collection site as “Saltillo”, the original description by Hoff (1945) gave a more precise location of “5 miles W. of Saltillo”. Both the label and publication failed to specify in which state of Mexico the locality was situated. In a series of papers co-authored by the collector (L.I. Davis), it is unequivocally confirmed that the location is situated in the state of Coahuila de Zaragoza (e.g., see Gertsch & Davis 1937, p. 2). Hoff (1956) identified two specimens from Eddy County, New Mexico as A. retro- dentatus. We have examined one of these specimens (from Whites City, erroneously called White City by Hoff) and found that it conforms very closely to specimens of A. conodentatus. Albiorix edentatus Chamberlin 1930 Figs. 3A, 1 1 Albiorix edentatus Chamberlin 1930:46-^7, figs 1C, 2Y, AA; Chamberlin 1931:figs 281, 33q; Beier 1932a: 173; Roewer 1936:Fig. 30a; Roewer 1937:257; Hoff 1958:15; Harvey 1991:317; Harvey 2013:unpaginated. Material examined. — Holotype. USA: California: male, Santa Isabella Creek, east slope of Mt. Hamilton, Santa Clara County (37°21'N, 121°39'W), 18 May 1924, under stones (under large boulders on yellow pine-covered hillside), J.C. Chamberlin (CAS, Entomology Type No. 17457, JC- 266.01003). Paratypes. USA: California: 4 tritonymphs, same data as holotype (CAS, JC-266.01001, 2, 4, 5). Diagnosis. — Albiorix edentatus resembles A. rosario in having very low teeth of the fixed chelal finger that are much longer than high (Fig. IID). It differs from A. rosario in having trifurcate subterminal tarsal setae (Fig. IIF) and in having trichobothria b2, sb and st equidistant from each other (Fig. 1 1C). Description. — Adult: Color: pedipalps, carapace and coxal region red-brown; abdomen pale red-brown; chelicerae and legs light yellow-brown. Setae: generally long, straight and acicular. Chelicera: both chelicerae not present on slide. Pedipalp (Fig. 1 IB): trochanter with scattered granulations, especially on retrolateral face, femur and patella lightly granulate on prolateral faces, chelal hand lightly granulate on prolateral surface at base of fingers; trochanter 2.36 (male), femur 4.36 (male), patella 3.23 (male), chela (with pedicel) 3.86 (male), chela (without pedicel) 3.63 (male), hand (without pedicel) 1 .44 (male) x longer than broad, movable finger 1 .49 (male) x longer than hand (without pedicel). Fixed chelal finger and hand with 21 trichobothria, movable chelal finger with 10 trichobothria (Figs. 5D, IIC): eb, esb and isb in straight row at base of finger; eb, esb, isb, it and et regions each with 1 trichobothrium; ib region with 4 trichobothria; ist region with 6 trichobothria; est region with 6 trichobothria; et HARVEY & MUCHMORE— IDEORONCIDAE IN THE NEW WORLD 247 lateral; D. Detail of fixed chelal finger; E. Right chela, lateral, tritonymph paratype; F. Tip of right tarsus IV. Scale lines = 0.5 mm (B, C, E); 0.25 mm (A); 0.1 mm (D, F). slightly distal to it; b region with 2 trichobothria; sb and st regions each with 1 trichobothrium; t region with 6 trichobothria; sb not dorsally displaced relative to st; t region not overlapping with est region; t region not overlapping with est region. Venom apparatus present in both chelal fingers, venom duct terminating in nodus ramosus at est region in fixed finger and base of t region in movable finger. Chelal hand with retrolateral condyle small and rounded. Chelal teeth evenly spaced and juxtadentate: fixed finger mdth 31 (male) very low, retrorse teeth, each much longer than high (Fig. 1 ID); movable finger with ca. 10 (male) very low, rounded teeth; base of fixed chelal finger with several small denticles. Carapace (Fig. 11 A): lateral margins evenly convex; 1.48 (male) x longer than broad; with 2 small bulging eyes; anterior margin medially prominent; with of 18 (male) setae including 4 setae on anterior margin and 4 on posterior margin; with very faint posterior furrow situated close to posterior margin. Coxal region: manducatory process somewhat pointed, with 2 long apical acuminate setae; chaetotaxy 2 + 8:4: 4: 4: 6 (male). Legs: femur + patella 2.38 (male) x longer than deep; subterminal tarsal setae trifurcate; arolium longer than claws, deeply divided. Abdomen: tergites and sternites not divided; sclerites uniseriate. Tergal chaetotaxy: male, 4: 5: 6: 6: 6: 6: 6: 6: 6: 6 248 THE JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY (including 2 tactile setae): 9 (including 4 tactile setae); 2. Sternal chaetotaxy: male, 8: ( 1 ) 9 [3 + 3] ( 1 ): ( 1 ) 6 ( 1 ): 9: 9: 9: 8: 8: 10 (including 2 tactile setae): 6 (including 2 tactile setae): 2. Setae of tergites and sternites IX-XI acuminate; with several tactile setae. Genitalia: male with small dorsal apodeme; median genital sac bipartite and each arm fairly short. Dimensions (mm): Males: holotype: Body length not measurable. Pedipalp; trochanter 0.371/0.157, femur 0.824/ 0.189, patella 0.629/0.195, chela (with pedicel) 1.458/0.378, chela (without pedicel) 1.373, hand (without pedicel) length 0.546, movable finger length 0.816. Chelicera ? (both missing from slide). Carapace 0.784/0.528; eye diameter 0.038. Leg I: femur 0.381/0.102, patella 0.144/0.098, tibia 0.293/0.077, metatarsus 0.102/0.058, tarsus 0.267/0.044. Leg IV: femur + patella 0.632/0.266, tibia 0.461/0.116, metatarsus 0.227/0.083, tarsus 0.332/0.054. Tritonymph: Chelicera: galea long, slightly curved; hand with 5 setae, movable finger with 1 seta; rallum composed of 4 blades, all serrate. Pedipalp: trochanter 2.20, femur 4.03, patella 2.77, chela (with pedicel) 3.88, chela (without pedicel) 3.69 X longer than broad. Fixed finger with 15 trichobothria, movable finger with 8 trichobothria (Fig. 1 IE); eh, esh, it and et regions each with 1 trichobothrium; ih region with 3 trichobothria; ist region with 3 trichobothria; est region with 5 trichobothria; et slightly distal to if, isb absent; b region with 2 trichobothria; st region with 1 trichobothrium; / region with 5 trichobothria; sb absent. Chelal hand with retrolateral condyle small and rounded. Carapace: anterior margin medially prominent; 1 pair of small eyes present; with 18 setae including 4 setae on anterior margin and 4 setae on posterior margin. Coxal region: posterior maxillary lyrifissure present, sub-basal. Legs: much as in adults. Dimensions (mm); Body length 2.06. Pedipalp: trochanter 0.275/0.125, femur 0.613/0.152, patella 0.446/0.161, chela (with pedicel) 1.093/0.282, chela (without pedicel) 1.040, hand (without pedicel) length 0.397, movable finger length 0.638. Carapace 0.640/? (distorted). Remarks. — The original meagre description of A. edentatus by Chamberlin (1930) was based on the male holotype and four tritonymphs, which he erroneously suggested may have been immature females. The slide-mounted holotype lacks the chelicerae, which were presumably lost during preparation of the specimen. This species has only been reported from the type locality in central California (Fig. 3 A). Alhhmx gertschi Harvey & Muchmore sp. nov. Figs. 3A, 12 Albiorix mexicanus Chamberlin 1930:45 (in part, specimens from Utah). Material examined, -//o/otvpc. USA: Utaiv. female. Grand County, Moab (38°34'N, r09°33'W), 9 May 1932, W.J. G[ertsch] (CAS, JC-1607.01003). Para types. USA: Utah: 1 male, 1 female, collected with holotype (CAS, JC-1 607.0 100 1-2); 1 female, Emery County, Ferron (39°()6'N, 1 1 1°08'W), 23 June 1934, W. Ivie (CAS, JC- 1619.02001); 1 male, Emery County, Straight Wash (38°47'N, 110°28'W), 20 April 1928, W.J.G[ertsch] (CAS, JC- 449.01001). Other material. USA: Arizona: 2 males, 1 female, Coconino County, Grand Canyon, Colorado River-side, mile 43.2 (36°03'N, 112°09'W), 16-17 October 1982, V. Roth (FSCA, WM7351); 1 male, 1 female, same data (WAM T129657); Nevada: 1 male, Pershing County, Lovelock (40°) TN, 118°28'W), 4 May 1941 (MCZ, WM1997.01001). Diagnosis. — Albiorix gertschi closely resembles A. vigintus and A. sarahae in having trichobothrium ih^ situated distally (Fig. 12B), but unlike these species which have 20 and 21 trichobothria on the fixed chelal finger and hand, respectively, it has 22 trichobothria (Fig. 12C), with 6 trichobothria in the ist group. Description. — Adult: Color: pedipalps, coxae and carapace deep yellow-brown, legs and chelicerae pale yellow-brown. Setae; generally long, straight and acicular. Chelicera: hand with 6 setae; movable finger with 1 subdistal seta; galea very slender and elongate; fixed finger with 4 (male), 5 (female) small teeth; movable finger with 6 (male), 5 (female) teeth; ralium of 4 blades, each with several serrations; lamina exterior absent. Pedipalp (Fig. 12B): trochanter with scattered granulations, femur lightly granulate on prolateral and retrolateral margins, patella lightly granulate on prolateral margin, chelal hand lightly granulate on prolateral surface at base of fingers; trochanter 2.48-2.56 (male), 2.40-2.59 (female), femur 4.57- 5.01 (male), 4.31^.81 (female), patella 3.32-3.85 (male), 2.91- 3.48 (female), chela (with pedicel) 3.99^.47 (male), 3.58-M-.45 (female), chela (without pedicel) 3.78-4.24 (male), 3.49-4.23 (female), hand (without pedicel) 1.53-1.64 (male), 1.50-1.66 (female) x longer than broad, movable finger 1.43-1.69 (male), 1.29-1.54 (female) x longer than hand (without pedicel). Fixed chelal finger and hand with 22 trichobothria, movable chelal finger with 10 trichobothria (Figs. 5E, 12C); eh, esh and isb in straight row at base of finger; eb, esh, isb, it and et regions each with 1 trichobothrium; ih region with 5 trichobothria, ih^ displaced distally in advance of eb, esb and i.sb', ist region with 6 trichobothria; est region with 6 trichobothria; et slightly distal to if, h region with 2 trichobothria; sh and st regions each with 1 trichobothrium; t region with 6 trichobothria; sh not dorsally displaced relative to sf, t region not overlapping with est region. Venom apparatus present in both chelal fingers, venom duct terminating in nodus ramosus within est region in fixed finger and at base of t region in movable finger. Chelal hand with retrolateral condyle small and rounded. Chelal teeth evenly spaced and juxtadentate: fixed finger with 57 (male), 42^7 (female) low, retrorse teeth (Fig. 12D); movable finger with ca. 12-20 (male), ca. 12 (female) obvious, low teeth, followed by additional very low teeth; base of fixed chelal finger with several small denticles. Carapace (Fig. 12A): lateral margins evenly convex; with 2 small bulging eyes; anterior margin medially prominent; with 20-23 (male), 20 (female) setae including 4 (5 in 1 male) setae on anterior margin and 4 on posterior margin; with very faint posterior furrow situated close to posterior margin. Coxal region: manducatory process somewhat pointed, with 2 long apical acuminate setae; chaetotaxy 2 -i- 7: 5: 6: 5: 6 (male); 2 + 8; 4: 6: 5: 6 (female). HARVEY & MUCHMORE— IDEORONCIDAE IN THE NEW WORLD 249 Figure 12. — Albiorix gertschi Harvey & Muchmore sp. nov.: female holotype, unless stated otherwise: A. Carapace; B. Left pedipalp, dorsal; C. Left chela, lateral, paratype female (CAS, JC-1607.01002); D. Detail of fixed chelal finger, paratype female (CAS, JC-1607. 01002); E. Tip of right tarsus IV, only subterminal tarsal seta shown. Scale lines = 0.5 mm (B); 0.25 mm (A, C); 0.1 mm (D, E). Legs: femur + patella 2.54 -2.85 (male), 2.82-2.85 (female) x longer than deep; subterminal tarsal setae trifurcate (Fig. 12E); arolium longer than claws, deeply divided. Abdomen: tergites and sternites not divided; sclerites uniseriate. Tergal chaetotaxy: male, 4: 5: 7: 8: 8: 8: 7: 8: 6: 6 (including 2 tactile setae): 7 (including 4 tactile setae): 2; female, 4: 4: 5: 7: 8: 8: 8: 8: 6: 7 (including 4 tactile setae): 7 (including 4 tactile setae): 2. Sternal chaetotaxy: male, ? (sternite missing): (1) 8 [3 + 3] (1): (1) 7 (1): 10: 8: 9: 8: 8: 6: 6 (including 2 tactile setae): 2; female, 6: (1) 6 (1): (1) 7 (1): 9: 9: 10: 9: 8: 8: 8 (including 4 tactile setae): 2; setae of anterior genital operculum (sternite II) of female very small. Setae of tergites and sternites IX-XI acuminate; with several tactile setae. Genitalia: male with small dorsal apodeme; median genital sac deeply bifid; female with large gonosac which is covered with scattered pores. Dimensions (mm): Males: JC-1 607.0 1001 followed by other males (where applicable): Body length 2.06 (2.18-2.32). Pedipalp: trochanter 0.317/0.128 (0.397/0.155-0.156), femur 0.690/0.151 (0.850-0.940/0.179-0.195), patella 0.531/0.160 (0.646-0.730/0.179-0.195), chela (with pedicel) 1.187 (1.456- 1.578/0.331-0.378), chela (without pedicel) 1.144 (1.402- 1.503), hand (without pedicel) length 0.467 (1.530-1.640), movable finger length 0.669 (0.864-0.948). Chelicera 0.264/ 0.113; movable finger length 0.113. Carapace 0.640/0.411 (0.779-0.925/0.563-0.602); eye diameter 0.038. Leg I: femur 0.341/0.080, patella 0.167/0.076, tibia 0.260/0.058, metatarsus 0.153/0.045, tarsus 0.250/0.038. Leg IV: femur + patella 0.523/ 0.198 (0.656-0.672/0.236-0.258), tibia 0.382/0.083, metatarsus 0.186/0.062, tarsus 0.298/0.042. Females: holotype followed by other females (where applicable): Body length 2.29 (1.94-2.03). Pedipalp: trochanter 250 THE JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY Figure 13. — Albiorix magnus Hoff, female holotype: A. Carapace; B. Left pedipalp, dorsal; C. Left chela, lateral; D. Detail of fixed chelal finger; E. Tip of right tarsus IV, only subterminal tarsal seta shown. Scale lines = 0.5 mm (A-C); 0.1 mm (D, E). 0.347/0.134 (0.338-0.384/0.141-0.151), femur 0.726/0.161 (0.736-0.904/0.153-0.191), patella 0.539/0.162 (0.544-0.662/ 0.162-0.205), chela (with pedicel) 1.267/0.316 (1.280-1.541/ 0.314-0.371), chela (without pedicel) 1.205 (1.219-1.480), hand (without pedicel) length 0.486 (0.486-0.589), movable finger length 0.720 (0.728-0.885). Chelicera 0.290/0.124; movable finger 0.179. Carapace 0.659/0.475 (0.642-0.762/0.460-0.528); eye diameter 0.038. Leg I: femur 0.352/0.085, patella 0.180/0.077, tibia 0.266/0.060, metatarsus 0.160/0.050, tarsus 0.256/0.038. Leg IV: femur + patella 0.551/0.193 (0.545-0.602/0.193-0.211), tibia 0.411/0.088, metatarsus 0.205/0.063, tarsus 0.314/0.041. Remarks. — This species is known from desert ecosystems in Utah, Nevada and northern Arizona (Fig. 3A). Etymology. — This species is named for the late Willis J. Gertsch (1906-1998), former curator of the American Museum of Natural History, New York, and collector of some of the type specimens. Albiorix magnus Hoff 1945 Figs. 3B, 13 Albiorix magnus Hoff 1945:2-4, figs 1-5; Harvey 1991:317; Ceballos 2004:427; Harvey 2013:unpaginated. Albiorix aff. magnus Hoff: Villegas-Guzman 2006:134. Material examined. — Holotype. MEXICO: Coahuila de Zaragoza: female, 20 miles E. of San Pedro (25°45'N, 102°52'W), 5 July 1936, A.M. Davis, L.I. Davis (AMNH, Hoff slide no. S-1 19.5207). Diagnosis. — This is one of the largest species of the genus, which differs from others of similar size as follows: from A. anophthalmus by the presence of eyes (Fig. 13A); from A. chilensis by the presence of 6 setae on the cheliceral hand; from A. meraculus by the trifurcate subterminal tarsal seta (Fig. 13E); and from A. oaxaca by having fewer and larger teeth on the fixed chelal finger (Fig. 13D). HARVEY & MUCHMORE— IDEORONCIDAE IN THE NEW WORLD 251 Description. — Adult: Color: pedipalps and carapace deep red-brown; chelicerae and legs yellow-brown; tergites and sternites pale yellow-brown. Setae: generally long, straight and acicular. Chelicera: hand with 6 setae; movable finger with 1 subdistal seta; galea very slender and elongate, slightly curved; fixed finger with 9 (female) teeth; movable finger with 6 (female) teeth; rallum of 4 blades, each with several serrations; lamina exterior absent. Pedipalp (Fig. 13B): trochanter lightly granulate on prolat- eral and retrolateral faces, femur lightly granulate over most surfaces but with stronger granulations on prolateral face, patella lightly granulate on prolateral face, chela with light granulations on prolateral face, and retrolateral face near base of chelal fingers, and otherwise smooth; trochanter 2.38 (female), femur 4.54 (female), patella 3.36 (female), chela (with pedicel) 3.86 (female), chela (without pedicel) 3.69 (female), hand (without pedicel) 1.51 (female) x longer than broad, movable finger 1.47 (female) x longer than hand (without pedicel). Fixed chelal finger and hand with 22 trichobothria, movable chelal finger with 10 trichobothria (Figs. 5F, 13C): eb, esb and isb in straight row at base of finger; eb, esb, isb, it and et regions each with 1 trichobothrium; ib region with 5 trichobothria; ist region with 6 trichobothria; est region with 6 trichobothria; et slightly distal to it; b region with 2 trichobothria; sb and st regions each with 1 trichobothrium; t region with 6 trichobothria; sb not dorsally displaced relative to St; t region not overlapping with est region. Venom apparatus present in both chelal fingers, venom duct terminating in nodus ramosus within est region in fixed finger and basal to the t region in movable finger. Chelal hand with retrolateral condyle small and rounded. Chelal teeth evenly spaced and juxtadentate: fixed finger with 54 (female) retrorse, close-set teeth (Fig. 13D); movable finger with ca. 9 distal teeth, leading into several very low teeth; base of fixed chelal finger with several small denticles. Carapace (Fig. 13A): lateral margins evenly convex; 1.23 (female) x longer than broad; with 2 small bulging eyes; anterior margin medially prominent; with 22 setae including 4 setae on anterior margin and 4 on posterior margin; with shallow furrow situated near posterior margin. Coxal region; manducatory process somewhat pointed, with 2 long apical acuminate setae; chaetotaxy 2 + 9: 6; 7: 7: 7 (female). Legs: femur + patella 2.78 (female) x longer than deep; metatarsus and tarsus III and IV with sub-basal tactile seta; subterminal tarsal setae trifurcate (Fig. 13E); arolium longer than claws, deeply divided. Abdomen; tergites and sternites not divided; sclerites uniseriate or nearly so, except for except for female sternite V which has 2 setae not in main row. Tergal chaetotaxy: female, 5: 6: 6: 8: 8; 8: 8: 8: 8: 8 (including 3 tactile setae): 7 (including 4 tactile setae): 2. Sternal chaetotaxy: female, 10: (1) 8(1): (1)8(1): 14: 12; 12: 10:9: 1 1 : 7 (including 2 tactile setae): 2. Setae of tergites and sternites IX-XI acuminate. Genitalia: female with large gonosac, which is covered with scattered pores. Dimensions (mm): Female: holotype: Body length 3.39. Pedipalp: trochanter 0.531/0.223, femur 1.190/0.262, patella 0.947/0.282, chela (with pedicel) 2.048/0.531, chela (without pedicel) 1.960, hand (without pedicel) length 0.804, movable finger length 1.184. Chelicera 0.437/0.204, movable finger length 0.259. Carapace 0.989/0.802; eye diameter 0.051. Leg I: femur 0.560/0.131, patella 0.262/0.122, tibia 0.449/0.083, metatarsus 0.225/0.070, tarsus 0.358/0.052. Leg IV: femur + patella 0.884/0.318, tibia 0.624/0.126, metatarsus 0.353/0.093, tarsus 0.486/0.066. Remarks. — The right chela of the slide-mounted holotype has been separated from the remainder of the pedipalp, but is not positioned in such a way as to allow the morphology of the chelal teeth to be observed properly. Although the chela is rotated slightly and is dorso-laterally aligned (Fig. 13C), it appears that the teeth of the fixed finger may be basally incised, as in the types of A. meraculus (Fig. 14D), as a slight overlap can be observed in many of the teeth. However, both species can be distinguished by the morphology of the subterminal tarsal setae, which are trifurcate in A. magnus (Fig. 13E) but are bifurcate A. meraculus. The original description of A. magnus by Hoff (1945) gave the type locality as “20 miles E. of San Pedro” even though the label accompanying the slide-mounted holotype simply stated “San Pedro”. Hoff (1945) did not specify in which state of Mexico this particular San Pedro was situated, but in a series of papers co-authored by one of the collectors (L.I. Davis), they unequivocally confirm that the location is situated in the state of Coahuila de Zaragoza (e.g., see Gertsch & Davis 1937, p. 2). Villegas-Guzman (2006) recorded several specimens from Chiapas, Mexico as Albiorix affinis magnus, but noted discrepancies with the original description by Hoff (1945) and suggested that they may in fact represent an undescribed species. Dr Villegas-Guzman (in litt.) has kindly reexamined the specimens which are lodged in the Coleccion Nacional de Aracnidos del Instituto de Biologia de la Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, and confirms that they match the new description of A. magnus presented in this manuscript. Albiorix magnus appears to be widely distributed in Mexico and has been found at the type locality in the state of Coahuila de Zaragoza and in eastern Chiapas near the Guatemalan border (Fig. 3B). Albiorix meraculus Harvey & Muchmore, sp. nov. Figs. 3B, 14 Material examined. — Holotype. MEXICO: Jalisco: Male, Purificacion (19°43'N, 104°36'W), 19 November 1941, C. Bolivar (CAS, JC-1658.01001). Paratype. MEXICO: Jalisco: 1 tritonymph, same data as holotype (CAS, JC-1658.01002). Diagnosis. — Albiorix meraculus is one of the largest species of Albiorix, with a chela length (with pedicel) of 2.032 mm (male). It differs from other species of the genus by the morphology of the teeth on the fixed chelal finger, most of which are deeply incised basally forming an overhanging ridge. In addition, the subterminal tarsal seta is bifurcate and each tine is quite long. Description. — Adult: Color: pedipalps and carapace deep red-brown; chelicerae and legs yellow-brown; tergites and sternites pale yellow-brown. Setae: generally long, straight and acicular. Chelicera: hand with 6 setae; movable finger with 1 subdistal seta; galea very slender and elongate, slightly curved; 252 THE JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY Figure 14. — Alhiorix meracidus Harvey & Muchmore sp. nov., male holotype, unless stated otherwise: A. Carapace, dorsal; B. Right pedipalp, dorsal; C. Left chela, lateral; D. Detail of fixed chelal finger; E. Right chela, lateral, tritonymph paratype (CAS, JC-1658. 01002); F. Tip of right tarsus IV, only subtermina! tarsal seta shown. Scale lines = 1.0 mm (B); 0.5 mm (A, C, E); 0.1 mm (D, F). fixed finger with 6 small teeth as well as several minute teeth; movable finger with 4 teeth; rallum of 4 blades, each with several serrations; lamina exterior absent. Pedipalp (Fig. 14B): trochanter lightly granulate on retro- lateral face, femur lightly granulate over most surfaces, patella lightly granulate over prolateral face, chela fairly smooth; femur 5.25 (male), patella 3.51 (male), chela (with pedicel) 4.49 (male), chela (without pedicel) 4.34 (male), hand (without pedicel) 1.62 (male) x longer than broad, movable finger 1.64 (male) x longer than hand (without pedicel). Fixed chelal finger and hand with 22 trichobothria, movable chelal finger with 10 trichobothria (Fig. 14C): eh, esh and isb in straight row at base of finger; eh, esb, isb, it and et regions each with 1 trichobothrium; ib region with 4 trichobothria; ist region with 7 trichobothria; est region with 6 trichobothria; et slightly distal to it; h region with 2 trichobothria; sb and st regions each with 1 trichobothrium; t region with 6 trichobothria; sh not dorsally displaced relative to st; t region not overlapping with est region. Venom apparatus present in both chelal fingers, venom duct terminating in nodus ramosus near est region in fixed finger and basal to the t region in movable finger. Chelal hand with retrolateral condyle small and rounded. Chelal teeth evenly spaced and juxtadentate: fixed finger with 58 (male) strongly retrorse teeth, margins of most HARVEY & MUCHMORE- IDEORONCIDAE IN THE NEW WORLD 253 teeth deeply dissected basally forming an overhanging ridge; movable finger with several distal teeth none of which are upraised, leading into many very low teeth which extend along entire length of finger; base of fixed chelal finger with several small denticles. Carapace (Fig. 14A); lateral margins evenly convex; 1.47 (male) x longer than broad; with 2 small bulging eyes; anterior margin medially prominent; with 22 setae including 4 setae on anterior margin and 4 on posterior margin; without furrows. Coxal region: manducatory process somewhat pointed, with 2 long apical acuminate setae; chaetotaxy 2 + 8: 8: 7: 8: 9 (male). Legs: femur + patella 2.53 (male) x longer than deep; metatarsus and tarsus III and IV with sub-basal tactile seta; subterminal tarsal setae bifurcate with long tines (Fig. 14F); arolium longer than claws, deeply divided (Fig. 14F). Abdomen: tergites and sternites not divided, except for sternite III, which is medially divided; sclerites uniseriate, except for sternites II and III, which have the setae somewhat scattered. Tergal chaetotaxy, male: 4: 6: 6: 8: 8: 8: 10: 8: 8: 8 (including 2 lateral tactile setae): 9 (including 4 tactile setae): 2. Sternal chaetotaxy, male: 15: (1) 18 [2 + 3] (1): (1) 9 (1): 10: 13: 9: 11: 11: 11:9 (including 4 tactile setae): 3. Setae of tergites and sternites IX-XI acuminate. Genitalia: male with small dorsal apodeme; median genital sac bipartite and each arm fairly short. Dimensions (mm): Male: holotype (JC-1658. 01001 ): Body length ca. 3.12. Pedipalp: trochanter ? (damaged )/0. 193, femur 1.192/0.227, patella 0.898/0.256, chela (with pedicel) 2.032/ 0.453, chela (without pedicel) 1.968, hand (without pedicel) length 0.736, movable finger length 1.208. Chelicera 0.368/ 0.158, movable finger length 0.224. Carapace 0.960/0.651; eye diameter 0.061. Leg I: femur 0.560/0.126, patella 0.264/0.109, tibia 0.447/0.083, metatarsus 0.231/0.064, tarsus 0.371/0.046. Leg IV: femur + patella 0.909/0.359, tibia 0.650/0.136, metatarsus 0.325/0.097, tarsus 0.466/0.061. Tritonymph: Chelicera: galea long, slightly curved; hand with 6 setae, movable finger with 1 seta; fixed finger with 6 small teeth, movable finger with 3 small teeth; rallum composed of 4 blades, all serrate. Carapace: anterior margin medially prominent; 1 pair of rounded eyes present; with 22 setae including 4 setae on anterior margin and 4 setae on posterior margin. Pedipalp: trochanter 2.24, femur 5.27, patella 3.54, chela (with pedicel) 4.57, chela (without pedicel) 4.40, hand (without pedicel) 1.61 X longer than broad; movable finger 1.69 X longer than hand (without pedicel). Fixed finger with 14 trichobothria, movable finger with 8 trichobothria (Fig. 14E); eb, esb, it and et regions each with 1 trichobothrium; ib region with 3 trichobothria; ist region with 3 trichobothria; est region with 4 trichobothria; et slightly distal to it; b region with 2 trichobothria; st region with 1 trichobothrium; t region with 5 trichobothria. Chelal hand with retrolateral condyle small and rounded. Legs: much as in adult. Dimensions (mm): Body length ca. 2.92. Pedipalp: trochan- ter 0.358/0.160, femur 0.944/0.179, patella 0.658/0.186, chela (with pedicel) 1.563/0.342, chela (without pedicel) 1.504, hand (without pedicel) length 0.550, movable finger length 0.928. Carapace 0.726/0.517. Remarks. — Albiorix iiwniciiliis is known only from two specimens collected in the southern Mexican state of Jalisco (Fig. 3B). It is one of the largest species of the genus, and comparable in size to A. auophthabmts, A. chilensis, A. nuigmis and A. oaxaca. It is easily distinguished from these species by the unusual morphology of the teeth of the fixed chelal finger, which are strongly incised basally (Fig. 14D). Etymology. — The specific epithet refers to the type locality, Purificacion; meraculm, a Latin diminutive meaning pure, unadulterated, genuine (Brown 1956). Albiorix mexicaiius (Banks 1898) Figs. 3B, 6A, 7A, 7C, 7D, 15^ Ideoronciis mexiccmus Banks 1898:289; Chamberlin 1923:359- 360, plate 2 Fig. 13, plate 3 Figs. 14, 34. Albiorix mexicamts (Banks): Chamberlin 1930:45 Figs. 2f, 2dd; Chamberlin 1931:Figs. 9j, llu, 17q, 19g, 251, 59; Beier 1932a:173; Beier 1932b:Fig. 255; Roewer 1936:Fig. 30c; Roewer 1937:257, Fig. 215; Vachon 1949: Fig. 203f; Hoff 1958:14; Mahnert 1984a:673-675, fig 42; Harvey 1991:317; Ceballos 2004:427-428; Harvey & Volschenk 2007:368, Figs. 1^; Harvey 2013:unpaginated. Not Icleoroncus mexicaiius Banks: With 1905:127-131, plate 9 Figs. 2a-d, plate 10 Figs, la-f (misidentification; Bochica withi (Chamberlin)). Material examined. — Neotype. MEXICO: Baja California Norte: female, Bahia de Las Animas (labelled “Las Animas Bay”) (28°50'N, 113°20'W), 8 May 1923, under stone, J.C. Chamberlin (CAS, Entomology Type No. 1267, JC- 370.01001; slide). Other material. MEXICO: Baja California Norte: 1 trito- nymph, Isla San Esteban (28°42'N, 112°36'W), 20 April 1921, sifted from mesquite leaves, J.C. Chamberlin (CAS, JC- 110.01001; 2 slides); Baja California Sur: 1 tritonymph, Isla San Marcos (27°13'N, 112°06'W) (CAS, JC-37 1.0 1001). Diagnosis. — Albiorix mexicanus differs from other species of the genus by the sharply pointed teeth of the fixed chelal finger (Fig. 15C). Description. — Adult: Color: uniformly pale yellow-brown (neotype; KOH treated). Setae: generally long, straight and acicular. Chelicera (Fig. 7A): hand with 5 setae; movable finger with 1 subdistal seta; galea very slender and elongate; fixed finger with 8 (female) small, sub-equal teeth; movable finger with 4 (female) small teeth; rallum of 4 blades, each with several serrations; lamina exterior absent. Pedipalp (Fig. 15A): trochanter and femur entirely granu- late, patella lightly granulate on prolateral margin, chelal hand lightly granulate on prolateral and retrolateral faces at base of fingers; trochanter 2.46 (female), femur 4.48 (female), patella 3.04 (female), chela (with pedicel) 3.70 (female), chela (without pedicel) 3.51 (female), hand (without pedicel) 1.34 (female) x longer than broad, movable finger 1.62 (female) x longer than hand (without pedicel). Fixed chelal finger and hand with 20 trichobothria, movable chelal finger with 10 trichobothria (Fig. 15A): eb, esb and isb in straight row at base of finger; eb, esb, isb, it and et regions each with 1 trichobothrium; ib region with 4 trichobothria; ist region with 5 trichobothria; est region with 6 trichobothria; et slightly distal to it; b region with 2 trichobothria; sb and st regions each with 1 trichobothrium; t Figure 15. — Albiorix mexicanus (Banks); female neotype (CAS) unless stated otherwise: A. Left pedipalp, dorsal; B. Right chela, lateral, tritonymph (CAS, JC-1 10.01001); C. Detail of fixed chelal finger, tritonymph (CAS, JC-1 10.01001); D. Tip of right tarsus IV, only subterminal tarsal seta shown; E. Carapace, dorsal. Scale lines = 0.5 mm (A, B, E); 0.1 mm (C, D). region with 6 trichobothria; sb not dorsally displaced relative to St; t region not overlapping with est region. Venom apparatus present in both chelal fingers, venom duct terminating in nodus ramosus within est region in fixed finger and basal to / region in movable finger. Chelal hand with retrolateral condyle small and rounded. Chelal teeth evenly spaced and juxtadentate: fixed finger with ca. 69 (female) teeth; movable finger with ca. 30 (female) teeth; shape not discernible due to poor orientation; base of fixed chelal finger with several small denticles. Carapace (Fig. 15E): lateral margins evenly convex; with 2 small bulging eyes; anterior margin medially straight; with 24 setae including 4 setae on anterior margin and 4 on posterior margin; with very faint posterior furrow situated close to posterior margin. Coxal region: manducatory process somewhat pointed, with 2 long apical acuminate setae; chaetotaxy 2 + 7: 5; 5: 6: 5 (female). Legs: femur + patella 2.62 (female) x longer than deep; subterminal tarsal setae trifurcate (Fig. 15D); arolium longer than claws, deeply divided (Fig. 15D). Abdomen: tergites not divided, medial sternites without medial suture line; sclerites uniseriate. Tergal chaetotaxy: female, 4: 4: 4: 6: 7: 7: 8: 7: 6: 7 (including 2 tactile setae): 5 HARVEY & MUCHMORE— IDEORONCIDAE IN THE NEW WORLD 255 (including 2 tactile setae): 2. Sternal chaetotaxy: ?, 6: (1) 6 (1): (1) 6 (1): 8: 10: 9: 9: 10: 10: 7 (including 3 tactile setae): 2; setae of anterior genital operculum (sternite II) of female very small. Setae of tergites and sternites IX-XI acuminate; with several tactile setae. Genitalia: female with large gonosac, which is covered with scattered pores. Dimensions (mm): Female: neotype: Body length ca. 2.53. Pedipalp: trochanter 0.394/0.160, femur 0.896/0.200, patella 0.656/0.216, chela (with pedicel) 1.504/0.407, chela (without pedicel) 1.428, hand (without pedicel) length 0.547, movable finger length 0.884. Chelicera 0.337/0.152. Carapace 0.819/ 0.598; eye diameter 0.051. Leg I: femur 0.411/0.095, patella 0.191/0.188, tibia 0.312/0.064, metatarsus 0.173/0.051, tarsus 0.250/0.038. Leg IV: femur + patella 0.674/0.257, tibia 0.460/ 0.099, metatarsus 0.238/0.070, tarsus 0.347/0.051. Tritonymph: Chelicera: galea long, slightly curved; hand with 6 setae, movable finger with 1 seta; fixed finger with 6 small teeth, movable finger with 4 small teeth; rallum composed of 4 blades, all serrate. Carapace: anterior margin medially prominent; 1 pair of rounded eyes present; with 21 setae including 4 setae on anterior margin and 4 setae on posterior margin. Pedipalp: trochanter 2.35, femur 4.63, patella 3.46, chela (with pedicel) 4.03, chela (without pedicel) 3.88, hand (without pedicel) 1.44 x longer than broad; movable finger 1.65 X longer than hand (without pedicel). Fixed finger with 14 trichobothria, movable finger with 8 trichobothria (Fig. 15B); eb, esb, it and et regions each with 1 trichobothrium; ib region with 3 trichobothria; ist region with 3 trichobothria; est region with 4 trichobothria; et slightly distal to //; b region with 2 trichobothria; st region with 1 trichobothrium; t region with 5 trichobothria. Chelal hand with retrolateral condyle small and rounded. Legs: much as in adult. Dimensions (mm): Body length ca. 2.86. Pedipalp: trochan- ter 0.369/0.157, femur 0.862/0.186, patella 0.640/0.185, chela (with pedicel) 1.443/0.358, chela (without pedicel) 1.380, hand (without pedicel) length 0.514, movable finger length 0.848. Carapace 0.720/0.550. Remarks. — The original description of Ideoroncus mexica- nus by Banks (1898) specifically mentioned only a single specimen collected from San Miguel de Horcasitas, situated in the state of Sonora, Mexico. This specimen was lodged in the California Academy of Sciences but was destroyed in 1906 during the San Francisco earthquake and resulting fire (Chamberlin 1923). A neotype specimen from Baja California was subsequently nominated by Chamberlin (1923). This specimen was collected from Bahia de Las Animas in Baja California Sur and is lodged in the California Academy of Sciences. Although Banks (1898) specifically stated that he had examined only a single specimen of I. mexicanus, we have found several specimens collected by G. Eisen from San Miguel de Horcasitas, apparently from March to May 1892 (Eisen 1895), which are likely to be conspecific with the destroyed holotype. These specimens are lodged in the Museum of Comparative Zoology and bear the label “'Ideoroncus angustus Banks” a name that has never been published by Banks or any other author. They consist of three males and three females that have been mounted on microscope slides by W.B. Muchmore, and which clearly represent specimens of A. conodent citus. Because they are not labelled with the name /. mexicanus and were not mentioned in the original description of /. mexicanus, they can be clearly disregarded as part of the type series (International Com- mission on Zoological Nomenclature 1999). As noted by Mahnert (1984a), these specimens differ from the neotype of A. mexicanus in the number of trichobothria on the fixed finger (they have a total of 22, including an extra trichobothrium in each of the ib and ist groups, compared with the 20 trichobothria found in A. mexicanus) and have quite differently shaped chelal teeth. Because these specimens bear no type status, the fact that the original type specimen and the neotype belong to different species has no relevance to this situation (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1999, Article 75) and we here base our concept of A. mexicanus on the neotype designated by Chamberlin (1923). Chamberlin (1923) listed only the female neotype in his redescription of Ideoroncus mexicanus, but also referred to two other specimens without providing any collection data. Among the Chamberlin collection lodged in CAS is a specimen from Isla San Esteban (JC-1 10.01001) which is labelled as a female ‘neoparatype’ by Chamberlin, and later listed among the material identified as A. mexicanus by Chamberlin (1930). This specimen is in fact a tritonymph and likely to be correctly associated with A. mexicanus due to the reduced number of trichobothria, 14, on the fixed chelal finger and hand which is characteristic of Albiorix tritonymphs with an adult configuration of 20 trichobothria. These locations are only 75 km apart in the Gulf of California. The third specimen is likely to have been from Isla San Marcos, which likewise was claimed to be a female by Chamberlin (1930) but is also a tritonymph and is labelled as a ‘neoparatype’. Unlike the tritonymph from Isla San Esteban, the nymph from Isla San Marcos has 15 trichobothria on the fixed chelal finger and hand, suggesting it may represent a different species. Adult specimens from this locality are required to establish its identity. Although W.B. Muchmore was able to examine this second specimen in 1994, the specimen can no longer be found in CAS, and a more detailed examination has not been possible. The neotype is mounted on a microscope slide, but only left leg I and right leg IV are dissected from the body. The remaining appendages remain attached and although it is possible to count the number of chelal teeth, as they are visible through the cleared fingers, it is not possible to observe their morphology. This is highly regrettable as the shape of the chelal teeth is an extremely important factor in assisting to delimit species of Albiorix. As discussed above, the female neotype has a reduced trichobothrial number with only 20 trichobothria on the fixed chelal finger and hand (Fig. 15A). Comparisons with other ideoroncid species suggest that a tritonymph of a species with this pattern would be expected to have 14 trichobothria (Harvey et al. 2007; Mahnert 1984a). This feature is indeed found in the tritonymph collected from Isla San Esteban which is situated only 75 km from the type locality. The teeth of the fixed chelal finger of this tritonymph are clearly quite sharply pointed (Fig. 15C), in contrast to the slightly rounded tips of the teeth in A. parvidentatus. It is not 256 THE JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY Figure 16. — Alhiorix Diinor Harvey & Muchmore sp. nov., male holotype (FSCA, WMl 244.0 1004): A. Carapace; B. Left pedipalp, dorsal; C. Right chela, lateral; D. Detail of fixed chelal finger; E. Tip of left tarsus IV, only subterminal tarsal seta shown. Scale lines = 0.5 mm (B); 0.2 mm (A); 0.25 mm (C); 0.1 mm (D-F). known for certain whether the neotype also has sharply pointed teeth, but we prefer to assume that this is the case until it can be proven otherwise by the study of new specimens from the type locality. The other specimens identified as A. mexicanus by Chamberlin (1930) belong to other species: a female from El Centro, California (JC-375. 02001), belongs to A. parvidenta- tus\ the female from Saint George, Utah (JC-245.01001 ) is assigned to A. vigintus', a male from a series of 8 adults from Straight Wash, Utah (JC^49.01001-8) was examined (the other seven specimens were not located for this study) and identified as A. gertschi. The other specimens listed by Chamberlin (1930), a male from Straight Canyon, San Rafael Desert, Utah (JC^50. 01001 ) and a female from Bluff, Utah (JC^37.01001 ) were not located for this study. Alhiorix mexicanus has been recorded from only a small area of Baja California, Mexico (Fig. 3B). Alhiorix minor Harvey & Muchmore, sp. nov. Figs. 3B, 16 Material examined. — Holotype. MEXICO: Queretaro: male, 1 mile SW. of Rio Blanco, (21°12'N, 99°45'W), 8 July 1967, under rock in field (FSCA, WM 1244.01004). Paratypes. MEXICO: Queretaro: 5 males, 1 female, collected with holotype (FSCA, WM 1244.01001-3, 5, 6); 1 male, collected with holotype (WAM T129658, WMl 244.0 1007); Hidalgo: 1 female, 10-20 miles S. of Jacala, (20°47'N, 99°11'W), 20 July 1956, V. Roth and W. Gertsch (AMNH, Hoff slide S-3365); Nuevo Leon: 1 female. Sierra de Enmedio, Hogales Ranch, 26°20'N, 100°40'W, Sept. 1951 (AMNH, Hoff slide S- 1971); San Luis Potosi: 1 male, km 199, Highway 70, (21°52'N, 99°49'W), 22 February 1973, W. Graham (FSCA, WM339 1.0 1001); Tamau- lipas: ! female, Gomez Farias, (23°03'N, 99°09'W), 1 June 1964, Reddell, McKenzie, Mahire (FSCA, WMl 834.0 1001). HARVEY & MUCHMORE IDEORONCIDAE IN THE NEW WORLD 257 Diagnosis. — This small species [e.g. chela (with pedicel) 0.814-0.880 (male), 0.922-1.139 (female) mm in length] has strongly retrorse teeth on the fixed chelal finger, which are only slightly longer than high. Description. — Adult: Color; pedipalps, carapace and coxal region red-brown; abdomen pale red-brown; chelicerae and legs light yellow-brown. Setae: generally long, straight and acicular. Chelicera: hand with 5 or 6 setae; movable finger with 1 subdistal seta; galea very slender and elongate; fixed finger with 4 (male, female) small teeth; movable finger with 4 (male, female) teeth; rallum of 4 blades, distal pair with several serrations, basal pair smooth; lamina exterior absent. Pedipalp (Fig. 16B): trochanter with scattered granulations on most faces, femur granulate on prolateral and basal region of retrolateral margins, patella granulate on prolateral margin, chela! hand very sparsely granulate on prolateral margin at base of fingers; trochanter 2.27 (male), 2.31 (female), femur 3.20-3.88 (male), 3.50-4.22 (female), patella 2.59-2.75 (male), 2.68-3.14 (female), chela (with pedicel) 3.34-3.64 (male), 3.29- 3.60 (female), chela (without pedicel) 3.14-3.43 (male), 3.09- 3.43 (female), hand (without pedicel) 1.27-1.53 (male), 1.37- 1.58 (female) x longer than broad, movable finger 1.22-1.41 (male), 1.17-1.34 (female) x longer than hand (without pedicel). Fixed chelal finger usually with 22 trichobothria (one female with 20 and 21 trichobothria, one male with 21 trichobothria on both chelae), movable chelal finger with 10 trichobothria (Fig. 16C): eb, esb and isb in straight row at base of finger; eb, esb, isb, ft and et regions each with 1 trichobothrium; ib region with 5 trichobothria; ist region with 5 trichobothria; est region with 6 trichobothria; et slightly distal to it, b region with 2 trichobothria; sb and st regions each with 1 trichobothrium; t region with 6 trichobothria; sb not dorsally displaced relative to st, t region not overlapping with est region. Venom apparatus present in both chelal fingers, venom duct terminating in nodus ramosus near est region in fixed finger and basal to t region in movable finger. Chelal hand with retrolateral condyle small and rounded. Chelal teeth evenly spaced and juxtadentate: fixed finger with 29-36 (male), 30-39 (female) distinct, strongly retrorse teeth; movable finger with ca. 2-3 (male), 3-8 (female) low teeth, plus many additional smaller swellings; base of fixed chelal finger with several small denticles. Carapace (Fig. 16A): lateral margins evenly convex; with 2 small bulging eyes; anterior margin medially prominent; with 18-23 (male), 19-24 (female) setae including 4 setae on anterior margin and 4 on posterior margin; with very faint posterior furrow situated close to posterior margin. Coxal region; manducatory process somewhat pointed, with 2 long apical acuminate setae; chaetotaxy 2 + 6; 4: 6: 5: 6 (male); 2 + 5: 4: 5: 4: 4 (female). Legs; femur + patella 2.23 (male), 2.47 (female) x longer than deep; subterminal tarsal setae trifurcate (Fig. 16E); arolium longer than claws, deeply divided (Fig. 16E). Abdomen; tergites not divided, medial sternites without medial suture line; sclerites uniseriate. Tergal chaetotaxy: holotype male, 4: 4: 6: 8; 8: 8: 8: 8: 8: 7 (including 4 tactile setae): 8 (including 4 tactile setae): 2; female, 4: 4: 4: 7: 8: 8: 8: 8: 8: 5 (including 3 tactile setae): 6 (including 4 tactile setae): 2. Sternal chaetotaxy: male, 6: (1) 12 [4 + 3] (1): (1) 6 (1): 8: 8: 9: 8: 9; 10: 8 (including 4 tactile setae): 2; female, 7: ( 1) 6 ( 1 ): ( 1 ) 6 (1): 8; 7: 8: 8: 9: 10: 8 (including 4 tactile setae): 2; setae of anterior genital operculum (sternite II) of female very small. Setae of tergites and sternites IX-XI acuminate; with several tactile setae. Genitalia: male with small dorsal apodeme; median genital sac bipartite; female with large gonosac which is covered with scattered pores. Dimensions (mm): Males: holotype followed by other males (where applicable): Body length 1.85. Pedipalp: trochanter 0.256/0.113, femur 0.515/0.148 (0.474-0.520/0.134-0.148), patella 0.389/0.148 (0.365-0.396/0.139-0.147), chela (with pedicel) 0.884/0.265 (0.814-0.880/0.230-0.258), chela (without pedicel) 0.832 (0.758-0.832), hand (without pedicel) length 0.371 (0.320-0.360), movable finger length 0.477 (0.422- 0.462). Chelicera 0.238/? (poorly oriented). Carapace 0.515/ 0.443; eye diameter 0.030. Leg I: femur 0.256/0.075, patella 0.134/0.077, tibia 0.187/0.056, metatarsus 0.107/0.045, tarsus 0.187/0.035. Leg IV; femur + patella 0.432/0.194, tibia 0.301/ 0.090, metatarsus 0.164/0.064, tarsus 0.237/0.042. Females: paratype (WM 1244.0 1001) followed by other females (where applicable); Body length 2.22. Pedipalp: trochanter 0.282/0.122, femur 0.556/159 (0.525-0.688/0.148- 0.163), patella 0.429/0.160 (0.390-0.506/0.141- 0.161), chela (with pedicel) 0.988/0.300 (0.922-1.139/0.269-0.316), chela (without pedicel) 0.928 (0.856-1.083), hand (without pedicel) length 0.426 (0.394-0.498), movable finger length 0.499 (0.461-0.596). Chelicera 0.281/? (poorly oriented). Carapace 0.563/? (poorly oriented); eye diameter 0.036. Leg I: femur 0.279/0.086, patella 0.147/0.082, tibia 0.220/0.061, metatarsus 0.128/0.048, tarsus 0.198/0.038. Leg IV: femur + patella 0.484/ 0.196, tibia 0.333/0.090, metatarsus 0.183/0.064, tarsus 0.246/ 0.045. Trichobothrial variation. -The female from Tamaulipas (FSCA, WM 1834.01 00 1 ) has a total of 20 trichobothria on the left chela and 21 on the right, and one of the males from 1 mile SW. of Rio Blanco (FSCA, WM 1244.0 1006) has 21 trichobothria on each chela. In each case, the missing trichobothria are absent from the ist region. Remarks. — Albiorix minor occurs throughout the Sierra Madre Oriental of eastern Mexico (Fig. 3B). Etymology. — This species is named for its small size [minor, Latin, less). Albiorix mirabilis Muchmore 1982 Figs. 3C, 17 Albiorix mirabilis Muchmore 1982b: 75-77, figs 33-36; Mahnert I984a:676, Fig. 46; Harvey 1991:317; Ceballos 2004:428; Harvey et al. 2007;Fig. 5; Harvey 2013:unpagi- nated. Material Qx^mmeA. -Holotype. Mexico: Oaxaca: Male, la Cueva de las Maravillas, 6 km S. of Acatlan (de Perez Figueroa) (18°29'N, 96°36'W), 29 December 1976, J.R. Reddell, A. Grubbs, C. Soileau, D. McKenzie (FSCA, WM4675.03001). Diagnosis. — Albiorix mirabilis differs from all other species of the genus by the shape of the teeth on the fixed chelal finger, which are pointed and widely spaced. Description. — Adult: Color: Pale yellow-brown, pedipalps and carapace red-brown. 258 THE JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY Figure 17. — Albiorix mirahilis Harvey & Muchmore sp. nov., male holotype: A. Carapace (flattened during slide preparation); B. Left pedipalp, dorsal; C. Right chela, lateral; D. Detail of fixed chelal finger; E. Tip of left tarsus IV, only subterminal tarsal seta shown. Scale lines = 0.5 mm (A, B); 0.25 mm (C); 0.1 mm (D, E). Setae: generally long, straight and acicular. Chelicera: hand with 6 setae; movable finger with 1 subdistal seta; galea very slender and elongate; fixed finger with 5 small teeth; movable finger with 4 teeth; rallum of 4 blades, each with several serrations on anterior margin; lamina exterior absent. Pedipalp (Fig. 17B): trochanter with scattered granulations, femur and patella lightly granulate on prolateral margin, chelal hand smooth; trochanter 2.32 (male), 4.17 (male), patella 3.39 (male), chela (with pedicel) 3.90 (male), chela (without pedicel) 3.73 (male), hand (without pedicel) 1.59 (male) x longer than broad, movable finger 1.35 (male) x longer than hand (without pedicel). Fixed chelal finger and hand with 22 trichobothria, movable chelal finger with 10 trichobothria (Fig. 17C): eb, esb and isb in straight row at base of finger; eb, esb, isb, it and et regions each with 1 trichobothrium; ib region with 5 trichobothria; ist region with 6 trichobothria; est region with 6 trichobothria; et slightly HARVEY & MUCHMORE— IDEORONCIDAE IN THE NEW WORLD 259 distal to if, b region with 2 trichobothria; sb and st regions each with 1 trichobothrium; t region with 6 trichobothria; sb not dorsally displaced relative to sf, t region not overlapping with est region. Venom apparatus present in both chelal fingers, venom duct terminating in nodus ramosus near est region in fixed finger and basal portion of t region in movable finger. Chela! hand with retrolateral condyle small and rounded. Chelal teeth evenly spaced and juxtadentate: fixed finger with ca. 32 small pointed teeth; movable finger with 4 very low teeth at distal end, the remainder absent; base of fixed chelal finger with several small denticles. Carapace (Fig. 17A): lateral margins evenly convex; with 2 small bulging eyes; anterior margin medially prominent; with 16 setae including 4 setae on anterior margin and 2 on posterior margin; with 1 posterior furrow. Coxal region: manducatory process somewhat pointed, with 2 long apical acuminate setae; chaetotaxy 2 + 6: 5: 5: 4-5: 6 (c?). Legs: femur + patella 2.54 (male) x longer than deep; subterminal tarsal setae with trifurcate, each tine quite long (Fig. 17E); arolium longer than claws, deeply divided (Fig. 17E). Abdomen: tergites not divided, medial sternites without medial suture line; sclerites uniseriate. Tergal chaetotaxy: male, 4: 4: 6: 6: 8: 8: 8: 8: 8; 8 (including 4 tactile setae): 7 (including 4 tactile setae): 2. Sternal chaetotaxy: male, 1 1 : ( 1 ) 8 [3 + 3] (1): (1) 6 (1): 9: 9: 9: 10: 10: 10: 8 (including 4 tactile setae): 2. Setae of tergites and sternites IX-XI acuminate; with several tactile setae. Genitalia: male with medium-sized dorsal apodeme; median genital sac apparently bifurcate. Dimensions (mm): Male holotype: Body length 2.10. Pedipalp: trochanter 0.327/0.141, femur 0.722/0.173, patella 0.566/0.167, chela (with pedicel) 1.2 16/. 3 1 2, chela (without pedicel) 1.163, hand (without pedicel) length 0.496, movable finger length 0.670. Chelicera 0.290/0.131. Carapace 0.660/ 0.646 (flattened); eye diameter 0.045. Leg I: femur 0.353/0.093, patella 0.175/0.093, tibia 0.256/0.064, metatarsus 0.165/0.052, tarsus 0.250/0.038. Leg IV: femur + patella 0.571/0.225, tibia 0.410/0.101, metatarsus 0.221/0.070, tarsus 0.307/0.045. Remarks. — Albiorix mirabiiis has only been found in Cueva de las Maravillas, which is situated near the town of Acatlan de Perez Figueroa, in southern Mexico (Fig. 3C). The original description by Muchmore (1982b) is quite detailed, but we here provide a new description and new figures of the only known specimen, the male holotype. Albiorix oaxaca Harvey & Muchmore, sp. nov. Figs. 3C, 18 Material examined. — Holotype. MEXICO: Oaxaca: male, Huatla de Jimenez (18°08'N, 96°51'W), 9 November 1968, Reyes and Cabrera (FSCA, WM7260.01001). Diagnosis. — This is one of the largest species of the genus, and is approached in size only by A. anophthalmus, A. chilensis, A. magnus and A. meraculus. It is easily distinguished by the morphology of the subterminal tarsal seta which has 1 very long distal tine and 2 short basal tines (Fig. i8E). Description. — Adult: Color; pedipalps, carapace and coxal region deep red-brown; abdomen red-brown; chelicerae and legs light yellow-brown. Setae: generally long, straight and acicular. Chelicera: hand with 6 setae; movable finger with 1 subdistal seta; galea very slender and elongate, slightly curved; fixed finger with 6 teeth as well as 2 small teeth; movable finger with 7 teeth; rallum of 4 blades, each with several serrations; lamina exterior absent. Pedipalp (Fig. 18B): trochanter lightly granulate on retro- lateral face, femur lightly granulate over most surfaces but with stronger granulations on prolateral face, patella lightly granulate over prolateral face, chela with light granulations on prolateral face but otherwise fairly smooth; trochanter 2.29 (male), femur 4.12 (male), patella 3.21 (male), chela (with pedicel) 3.69 (male), chela (without pedicel) 3.47 (male), hand (without pedicel) 1.57 (male) x longer than broad, movable finger 1.29 (male) x longer than hand (without pedicel). Fixed chelal finger and hand with 22 trichobothria, movable chelal finger with 10 trichobothria (Figs. 3C, 18C): eb, esb and isb in straight row at base of finger; eb, esb, isb, it and et regions each with 1 trichobothrium; ib region with 5 trichobothria; ist region with 6 trichobothria; est region with 6 trichobothria; et slightly distal to it, b region with 2 trichobothria; sb and St regions each with 1 trichobothrium; t region with 6 trichobothria; sb not dorsally displaced relative to sf, t region not overlapping with est region. Venom apparatus present in both chelal fingers, venom duct terminating in nodus ramosus at anterior end of est region in fixed finger and basal to the t region in movable finger. Chelal hand with retrolateral condyle small and rounded. Chelal teeth evenly spaced and juxtadentate: fixed finger with 70 retrorse, close-set teeth (Fig. 18D); movable finger with several distal teeth none of which are upraised, leading into many very low teeth which extend along entire length of finger; base of fixed chelal finger with several small denticles. Carapace (Fig. 18A): lateral margins evenly convex; 0.96 (male) x longer than broad; with 2 small bulging eyes; anterior margin medially prominent; with 23 setae including 4 setae on anterior margin and 4 on posterior margin; without furrows. Coxal region: manducatory process somewhat pointed, with 2 long apical acuminate setae; chaetotaxy 2 + 7; 5: 6: 6; 7. Legs: femur + patella 2.88 (male) x longer than deep; metatarsus and tarsus III and IV with sub-basal tactile seta; subtermina! tarsal setae with 1 very long distal tine and 2 short basal tines (Fig. 18E); arolium longer than claws, deeply divided. Abdomen: tergites and sternites not divided; sclerites uniseriate, except for sternite II, which has 2 irregular rows and sternite III, which has 1 seta placed slightly in advance of others. Tergal chaetotaxy: male: 4: 5: 8: 9: 8: 9: 10: 9: 9: 9 (including 2 lateral tactile setae): 8 (including 4 tactile setae): 2. Sternal chaetotaxy: male: 10: (1) 15 [3 + 3] (1): (1) 7 (1): 14: 10: 11: 11: 10: 11: 8 (including 4 tactile setae): 2. Setae of tergites and sternites IX-XI acuminate. Genitalia: male with small dorsal apodeme; median genital sac not preserved in specimen. Dimensions (mm): Male: holotype: Body length 2.96. Pedipalp: trochanter 0.48/0.21, femur 1.03/0.25, patella 0.835/0.26, chela (with pedicel) 1.81/0.49, chela (without pedicel) 1.70, hand (without pedicel) length 0.77, movable finger length 0.99. Chelicera 0.445/0.21, movable finger length 0.275. Carapace 0.85/0.89 (but distorted on slide); eye diameter 0.045. Leg I: femur 0.494/0.134, patella 0.268/0.125, tibia 0.396/0.091, metatarsus 0.205/0.072, tarsus 0.314/0.058. 260 THE JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY Figure 18. — Alhiorix ocixaca Harvey & Miichmore sp. nov., male holotype: A. Carapace (flattened during slide preparation); B. Right pedipalp, dorsal (without trochanter); C. Left chela, lateral; D. Detail of fixed chelal finger; E. Tip of left tarsus IV, only subterminal tarsal seta shown. Scale lines = 0.5 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C); 0.1 mm (D, E). Leg IV: femur + patella 0.865/0.30, tibia 0.58/0.14, metatarsus 0.30/0.105, tarsus 0.45/0.065. Remarks. — Alhiorix oaxaca has only been found in the state of Oaxaca in southern Mexico (Fig. 3C). Etymology. — The specific epithet is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality. Alhiorix parvideutatus Chamberlin 1930 Figs. lA, IB, 3 A, 6B-F, 7E-H, 19 Alhiorix parvidentutus CXvcxmhcrWn 1930:45^6; Beier 1932a: 1 73; Roewer 1936:Fig. 30b; Roewer 1937:257; Hoff 1958:15; Harvey 1991:318; Harvey 2()13:unpaginated. Material examined. — Holotype. USA: California: male. Palm Canyon, Riverside County (33°48'N, 116°31'W), 5 April 1925, under stone, J.C. Chamberlin (CAS, Entomology Type No. 17458, JC-535.02001). Other material. MEXICO: Baja California: 1 female, El Mayor (32°08'N, 115°16'W), 4 April' 1939, no collector (UCDC). USA: Arizona: 1 female, Cochise County, 3 miles E. of Portal (3r55'N, 109°04'W), 11 September 1950, W.J. Gertsch (AMNH, Hoff slide S-1 586.1); 1 female, Cochise County, Cave Creek Canyon, South-West Research Station (31°52'N, 109°13'W), 22 August 1956, A.F. Archer (AMNH, Hoff slide S-3518); 2 females, Cochise County, Chiricahua Mountains (31°56'N, 109°23'W), 5,400 feet, 14 April 1961, P. Wygodzinsky (UCDC); 15 males, 12 females, Cochise County, Chiricahua Mountains, 3 miles N. of Porta! (31°57'N, 109°08'W), 23 March 1984, under rocks, W. and E. MacKay (FSCA, WM6559); 1 male, Cochise County, Huachuca HARVEY & MUCHMORE— IDEORONCIDAE IN THE NEW WORLD 261 Figure 19. — Albiorix parvidentatus Chamberlin, male holotype, unless stated otherwise: A. Carapace, dorsal; B. Right pedipalp, dorsal; C. Left chela, lateral; D. Detail of fixed chelal finger; E. Right chela, lateral, tritonymph (CAS, JC-547. 01003); F. Tip of right tarsus IV, only subterminal tarsal seta shown. Scale lines = 0.5 mm (B, C, E); 0.2 mm (A); 0.1 mm (D, F). Mountains (3r24'N, 110°18'W), 2009, J. Cowles (WAM T 108 162); 2 males, Cochise County, Upper Carr Canyon, Huachuca Mountains (3r26'N, 110°18'W), 22 My 1955, W.J. Gertsch (AMNH, Hoff slide S-3406.1-2); 1 female, Gila County, 2 miles S. of Payson (34°13'N, 111°19'W), 11 April 1935, W. Ivie (CAS, JC-1360. 01001); 2 males, 2 females, Gila County, 8 miles N. of [Theodore] Roosevelt Dam (33°40'N, liriO'W), 11 April 1935, W. Ivie (CAS, JC-137L01001-4); 2 females, Graham County, Marijiida (as Naritilda) Canyon, Graham Mountains (32°42'N, 109°47'W), 5,100 feet, 7 April 1961, P. Wygodzinsky (UCDC); 2 females, Graham County, Noon Creek, Graham Mountains (32°40'N, 109°47'W), 7 April 1961, P. Wygodzinsky (UCDC); 1 male, Maricopa County, junction of Mesa and Salt Rivers (33°27'N, ll!°5rW), 9 April 1935, W. Ivie (CAS, JC-1 372.04001); 1 female, Maricopa County, Seven Springs (33°58'N, llTSl'W), August 1966 (MCZ, WM1628. 01001); 1 female, Pima County, Arkenstone Cave, Colossal Cave Mountain Park, at gate (entrance) to cave (32°04'N, 110°38'W), 29 July 1990, R.B. Pape (FSCA, WM7539. 01001); 1 d, 3 ?, Pima County, Arkenstone Cave, Colossal Cave Mountain Park, at gate (entrance) to cave (32°04'N, 110°38'W), 21 March 1998, R.B. Pape (FSCA, WM8234); 1 male, Pima County, Baboquivari Mountains, Brown Canyon (31°45'N, 111°31'W), 19 July 1959, V. Roth (AMNH, WM1736. 02001); 1 male, Pima County, Baboquivari Canyon, west side, Baboquivari Mountains (31°47'N, lir37'W), 25-27 August 1952, H.B. Leech, J.W. Green (UCDC); 2 males, Pima County, Elkhom Ranch, E. slope of N. end Baboquivari Mountains (31°49'N, 111°32'W), 28 July 1952, H.B. Leech, J.W. Green (UCDC); 1 female, Pima County, Gates Pass, near Tucson (32°13'N, 1 1 1°06'W), 28 March 2009, J. Cowles (WAM T 108 158); 1 male, 1 female, Pima County, Sabino 262 THE JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY Basin, Santa Catalinas (32°20'N, 110°48'W), 8-12 July 1916 (AMNH, Hoff slide S-185.1-2); 1 male, Pima County, Santa Catalina Mountains (32°25'N, 1 10°42'W), 25 May 1936, Bryant (AMNH, Hoff slide S-194.1); 1 female, Pima County, Tucson (32°13'N, 110°56'W), 1 April 1936, Bryant (AMNH, Hoff slide S-189); 1 female, Pima County, Tucson Mountains (32°13'N, lirOV'W), 15 February 1957, V. Roth (AMNH, Hoff slide S- 3520); 12 males, 1 1 females, 1 tritonymph, Pima County, Tucson, 12740 East Chukut Trail (32°17'23"N, 1 10°43' 13"W), 21 January 2013, under rock on hillside, M.S. Harvey, F. Harvey (WAM T129246, T129656); 1 male, Pima County, Vail (32°00'N, 110°42'W), 2 July 2009, J. Cowles (WAM T108161); 1 male, 1 female, Pinal County, Oracle (32°37'N, 110°46'W), 7 March 1980, decaying sotol clump (Dasylirion wheeleri), D.W. Zeh (FSCA, WM5979.01001-2); 1 female, Santa Cruz County, 5 miles NE. of Patagonia (31°35'N, 110°42'W), 14 September 1991, R.B. Pape (FSCA, WM8093); 1 tritonymph, Yuma County, Fortuna Mine (32°33'N, 114°20'W), 27 January 1957, V. Roth (AMNH, Hoff slide S-4102); 1 male, 1 female, Yuma County, Fortuna Mine (32°33'N, 114°20'W), 7 February 1960, V. Roth (AMNH, Hoff slide SM103.1-2); 1 male, 1 female, Yuma County, 2 miles W. of Ligurta (32°40'N, I14°18'W), 15 January 1983, G. Lowe (WAM T1 27031); 2 males, 1 female, Yuma County, Palm Canyon (33°22'N, 114°06'W), 18 Novem- ber 1961, D. Tuttle (UCDC); 1 male, Yuma County, Palm Canyon (33°22'N, 1 14°06'W), 10 May 1958, V. Roth (AMNH, Hoff slide 8^089); 1 male, Yuma County, Palm Canyon, Kofa Mountains (33°22'N, 1 14°06'W), 10 March 1960, V. Roth (AMNH, Hoff slide SM094); 2 males, 1 female, Yuma County, canyon north of Palm Canyon (33°22'N, 1 14°06'W), 6 March 1960, V. Roth (AMNH, Hoff slide SM096.1-3); Califoruki: 1 female, Imperial County, El Centro (32°48'N, 115°34'), 8 December 1927, F.R. Blaisdell (CAS, JC-375.02001); 1 female. Imperial County, Julian Wash, Black Mountain Road (33°05'N, 114°42'W), 15 January 1983, G. Lowe (WAM T127034); 2 females, Inyo County, Beveridge Canyon, Inyo Mountains (36°43'N, 117°51'W), 6,500 feel 4 June 1975, D. Giuliani (FSCA, WM4905. 02001-2); 1 male, 1 female, Inyo County, White Mountains, 6.4 miles NE. of Big Pine (37°14'N, 1 18°13'W), 25 April -22 July 1982, ethylene glycol can trap, D. Giuliani (FSCA, WM7704); 2 males, 1 female, Los Angeles County, Mt Baldy Rd, below Mt Baldy village (34°14'N, 117°40'W), 15 April 1987, under rock, G. Lowe (WAM T 127033); 1 female, Los Angeles County, San Clemente Island (32°54'N, 118°30'W), 10 April 1923, Crosby (CAS, JC- 734.02001); 1 male, Los Angeles County, Switzers Camp, Angeles Forest Highway (34°15'31"N, 118°09T8"W), 27 June 1985, G. Lowe (WAM T 127036); 1 tritonymph, Orange County, Laguna Beach [33°32'N, 1 17°46'W], 28 December 1932, W. Ivie (CAS, JC-1 748.0200 1 ); 1 male, 1 female. Orange County, Laguna Beach (33°32'N, 117°46'W), 22 July 1931, W. Ivie (CAS, JC-1 628.0 100 1-2); 1 male, Orange County, Santa Ana, Irvine Park (33°45'N, 117°56'W), 17 July 1931, W. Ivie (CAS, JC-1 824.0 1001); 3 males. Riverside County, 2 miles SE. of Cabazon, base of mountains (33°53'N, 1 16°46'W), 9 April 1982, G. Lowe (WAM T 127035); 1 male, Riverside County, Coyote Canyon (33°40'N, 1 16°22'W), 12 December 1963, ex fern, W.H. Ewart (UCRC, WM4278; Univ. California Insect Survey Specimen # 306795); 1 female. Riverside County, Deep Canyon, 1/2 mile S. of Pinyon Crest (turn ol'O, Santa Rosa Mountains (33°4TN, 116°22'W), 3,600 feet, 5 April 1974, under rock, W. Icenogle (UCRC, WM5380); 5 males, 2 females. Riverside County, Deep Canyon, 1/2 mile S. of Pinyon Crest (turn off), Santa Rosa Mountains (33°41 'N, 1 16°22'W), 3,600 feet, 16 April 1974, under rocks in ravine, W. Icenogle (UCRC, WM5381); 1 male. Riverside County, Lake Herender [not traced], 14 April 1956, from desert plants, I.M. Newell (AMNH, Hoff slide S- 3533); 18 males, 6 females, 1 tritonymph, Riverside County, Lamb Canyon, 2 miles NW. of Gilman Hot Springs (33°5TN, 1 17°0rW), 1,520 feet, 4 March 1979-23 December 1980, coastal sage scrub, hillside, ethylene glycol can trap, R.L. Aalbu (FSCA, WM6300); 2 tritonymph exuviae, Riverside County, near Riverside (33°57'N, 117°24'W), 26 November 1925, under stone on a desert hillside, J.C. Chamberlin (CAS, JC-547.01003); 1 male. Riverside County, Santa Rosa Mountains, Deep Canyon (33°41'N, 116°22'W), 27 April 1979, W. Icenogle (UCRC, WM6050. 01001); 1 female, Riverside County, Snow Creek (33°53'29"N, 1 16°41'27"W), 29 June 2002, under rock, M.S. Harvey (WAM T 127032); 2 males, San Diego County, Anza Borrego State Park,Box Canyon (33°15'N, 116°24'W), 14 April 1981, D. Ubick (CAS); 1 male, San Diego County, Anza- Borrego Desert State Park (33°14'N, 1 16°16'W), 26 March 1991, D. Ubick (CAS); 1 male, San Diego County, Sheep Canyon, Borrego State Park (33°20'N, 116°29'W), 27 April 1955, R.O. Schuster (UCDC, Hoff slide S-3360.1); 1 male, Tulare County, Lindsay (36°12'N, 119°05'W), 13 March 1963, W.H. Ewart (UCRC, WM4276); New Mexico: 2 males, Catron County, Deep Creek, 13 miles NE. of Glenwood (33°27'N, 108°46'W), 30 July 1979, A. Grubbs (FSCA, WM5855.01001-2). Diagnosis. — The combined presence of eyes (Fig. 19 A), prolateral face of the chelal hand granulate (Fig. 19B), trifurcate subterminal tarsal setae with short tines of equal length (Fig. 19F), median teeth of the fixed chelal finger noticeably longer than high and with a noticeably sinuate distal face (Fig. 19D), 22 trichobothria on the fixed chelal finger and hand (Figs. 5L, 19C), and trichobothrium ib^ situated on approximately same level as eb, esb and isb, and est4 situated within the ist region (Figs. 19C) distinguishes A. parvidentatus from all species of the genus. Description. — Adult: Color: pedipalps, carapace and coxal region red-brown; abdomen pale red-brown; chelicera and legs light yellow-brown. Setae: generally long, straight and acicular. Chelicera: hand with 6, or very rarely 5 or 7 setae; movable finger with 1 siibdistal seta; galea very slender and elongate; fixed finger with 2 (male), 6 (female) small teeth; movable finger with 2 (male), 6 (female) teeth; rallum of 4 blades, each with several serrations; lamina exterior absent. Pedipalp (Fig. 19B): trochanter with scattered granulations, femur granulate on most faces, but coarsely granulate on prolateral surface, patella lightly granulate on prolateral margin, chelal hand lightly granulate on prolateral surface at base of fingers; trochanter 2.06-2.56 (male), 2.17-2.48 (female), femur 3.69^.48 (male), 3.62M.65 (female), patella 2.71-3.42 (male), 2.61-3.34 (female), chela (with pedicel) 3.30- 4.31 (male), 3.17-4.14 (female), chela (without pedicel) 3.09- 4.06 (male), 2.96-3.93 (female), hand (without pedicel) 1.20- 1.63 (male), 1.28-1.58 (female) x longer than broad, movable finger 1.28-1.69 (male), 1.24-1.62 (female) x longer than hand (without pedicel). Fixed chelal finger and hand with 22 HARVEY & MUCHMORE IDEORONCIDAE IN THE NEW WORLD 263 trichobothria, movable chelal finger with 10 trichobothria (Fig. 19C): eb, esb and isb in straight row at base of finger; eb, esb, isb, it and et regions each with 1 trichobothrium; ib region with 5 trichobothria; ist region with 6 trichobothria; est region with 6 trichobothria; et slightly distal to it; b region with 2 trichobothria; sb and st regions each with 1 trichobothrium; t region with 6 trichobothria; sb not dorsally displaced relative to St; t region not overlapping with est region. Venom apparatus present in both chelal fingers, venom duct terminating in nodus ramosus within est region in fixed finger and basal to t region in movable finger. Chelal hand with retrolateral condyle small and rounded. Chelal teeth evenly spaced and juxtadentate: fixed finger with 29-53 (male), 31-49 (female) low, retrorse teeth; movable finger with ca. 3-15 (male), 5-12 (female) very low teeth, followed by undulations; base of fixed chelal finger with several small denticles. Carapace (Fig. 16A): lateral margins evenly convex; with 2 small bulging eyes; anterior margin medially prominent; with 18-22 (male), 17-21 (female) setae including 4 setae on anterior margin and 4 (rarely 5) on posterior margin; with very faint posterior furrow situated close to posterior margin. Coxal region: manducatory process somewhat pointed, with 2 long apical acuminate setae; chaetotaxy 2 + 5-7: 4: 5: 5: 4 (holotype male); 2 + 7: 5: 5: 5: 6 (female). Legs: femur + patella 2.14—2.71 (male), 2.30-2.92 (female) x longer than deep; subterminal tarsal setae trifurcate (Fig. 16E); arolium longer than claws, deeply divided (Fig. 16E). Abdomen: tergites and sternites not divided; sclerites uniseriate, except for sternite II and III of males, which have scattered setae. Tergal chaetotaxy: holotype male, 2: 4: 4: 6: 7: 6: 6: 6: 6: 6 (including 2 tactile setae): 8 (including 4 tactile setae): 2; female, 4: 4: 5: 8: 8: 8: 8: 7: 6: 7: 7 (including 4 tactile setae): 2. Sternal chaetotaxy: male holotype, 7: (1) 6 [3 + 3] (1): ( 1 ) 6 ( 1 ): 8: 9: 8: 8: 8: 6: 8 (including 4 tactile setae): 2; female from Snow Creek, 10: ( 1 ) 5 ( 1 ): ( 1 )^6 ( 1 ): 9: 9: 8: 9: 11:8: 10 (including 4 tactile setae): 2; setae of anterior genital operculum (sternite II) of female very small. Setae of tergites and sternites IX-XI acuminate; with several tactile setae. Genitalia: male with small dorsal apodeme; median genital sac deeply bipartite; female with large gonosac, which is covered with scattered pores. Dimensions (mm): Males: holotype followed by other males (where applicable): Body length 1.76 (1.70-3.15). Pedipalp: trochanter 0.224/0.109 (0.243-0.385/0.109-0.154), femur 0.550/0.124 (0.513-0.844/0.128-0.205), patella 0.397/0.128 (0.386-0.640/0.132-0.187), chela (with pedicel) 0.941/0.240 (0.872-1.400/0.252-0.396), chela (without pedicel) 0.896 (0.82-1.328), hand (without pedicel) length 0.334 (0.333- 0.557), movable finger length 0.557 (0.493-0.824). Chelicera 0.216/0.097, movable finger length 0.122. Carapace 0.544/ 0.400 (0.479-0.665/0.432-0.550); ^eye diameter 0.031. Eeg I: femur 0.275/0.069, patella 0.139/0.068, tibia 0.202/0.048, metatarsus 0.125/0.041, tarsus 0.195/0.032. Leg IV: femur + patella 0.461/0.204 (0.421-0.659/0.185-0.293), tibia 0.306/ 0.077, metatarsus 0.164/0.058, tarsus 0.261/0.032. Eemales: specimen from Snow Creek, California (WAM T127032) followed by other females (where applicable): Body length 2.64 (2.03-3.05). Pedipalp: trochanter 0.382/0.161 (0.295-0.422/0.123-0.172), femur 0.739/0.191 (0.582-0.957/ 0.141-0.224), patella 0.600/0.205 (0.432-0.688/0.147-0.247), chela (with pedicel) 1.424/0.383 (1.106-1.514/0.272-0.444), chela (without pedicel) 1.352 (0.958-1.427), hand (without pedicel) length 0.560 (0.400-0.610), movable finger length 0.816 (0.531-0.848). Chelicera 0.319/0.145, movable finger length 0.187. Carapace 0.720/0.510 (0.547-0.780/0.429-0'^630); eye diameter 0.045. Leg I: femur 0.390/0.098, patella 0.203/0.090, tibia 0.328/0.062, metatarsus 0.180/0.050, tarsus 0.252/0.037. Leg IV: femur + patella 0.610/0.232 (0.471-0.659/0.179-0.247), tibia 0.450/0.100, metatarsus 0.230/0.072, tarsus 0.335/0.042. Tritonymph: Chelicera: galea long, slightly curved; hand with 6 setae, movable finger with 1 seta; rallum composed of 4 blades, all serrate. Pedipalp: trochanter 1.73, femur 2.72, patella 2.72, chela (with pedicel) 4.49, chela (without pedicel) 4.24 x longer than broad. Fixed finger with 15 trichobothria, movable finger with 8 trichobothria (Fig. 19E); eh, esb, it and et regions each with 1 trichobothrium; ih region with 3 trichobothria; ist region with 3 trichobothria; est region with 4 trichobothria; et slightly distal to it; h region with 2 trichobothria; st region with 1 trichobothrium; t region with 5 trichobothria; isb and sb absent. Chelal hand with retrolateral condyle small and rounded. Carapace: anterior margin medially prominent; 1 pair of small eyes present; with 18 setae, including 4 setae on anterior margin and 4 setae on posterior margin. Coxal region: posterior maxillary lyrifissure present, sub- basal. Legs: much as in adults. Dimensions (mm): Body length 1.28. Pedipalp: trochanter 0.242/0.147, femur 0.490/0.133, patella 0.364/0.134, chela (with pedicel) 0.854/0.190, chela (without pedicel) 0.806, hand (without pedicel) length 0.317, movable finger length 0.513. Carapace 0.435/0.390*^ Trichobothrial variation. — The four specimens from Los Angeles County, California (WAM T1 27033, T127036 and CAS JC-734.02001 ) and one of the males from San Diego County (Anza-Borrego) (CAS) each have only 20 trichobo- thria on both chelal fingers, which is generally formed by the presence of only 4 trichobothria in the ib region and 5 in the ist region. In one specimen from Switzer Camp (WAM T 127036), there are 4 trichobothria in the ib region and only 4 in the ist region. The two females from Marijilda Canyon, Arizona (UCDC) appear to have only 21 trichobothria on each chela with a single trichobothrium absent from the ist region. The uncertainty is due to the poor quality of the slide preparations. The male from Fortiina Mine, Arizona (AMNH Hoff slide S- 4103.1) has only 21 trichobothria on the left chela and 22 trichobothria on the right chela, with the missing trichobo- thrium from the ist region. Remarks. — Chamberlin (1930) described and named this species from the adult holotype male from Palm Canyon, California. He also had listed a “dead and immature female (JC-547.01003), together with its cast skin.” This slide- mounted material actually consists of the exuviae of two tritonymphs, along with a single silken molting chamber, which is included in the slide-mount. There is considerable size variation within this species but there appear to be no consistent features that may be used to suggest there is more than one species present. For example, the two specimens (the male holotype and a female from Snow Creek) used to provide much of the individual data in the 264 THE JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY Figure 20. — Albiorix piiebla Harvey & Muchmore sp. nov., male holotype: A. Carapace, dorsal; B. Right pedipalp, dorsal; C. Left chela, lateral; D. Detail of fixed chelal finger; E. Tip of right tarsus IV, only subterminal tarsal seta shown. Scale lines = 0.5 mm (B); 0.25 mm (A, C); 0.1 mm (D, E). description were collected only 19 km apart but are considerably different in size, as the male holotype has a chela (with pedicel) length of 0.94 mm and the female from Snow Creek is 1 .42 mm. Albiorix parvidentatiis is found throughout southern Cali- fornia, Arizona, south-western New Mexico and north- western Mexico (Fig. 3A). Specimens are most frequently recorded under rocks in dry ecosystems. Albiorix puehla Harvey & Muchmore, sp. nov. Figs. 3C, 20 Material examined. — Holotvpe. MEXICO: Puebla: male, Tehuacan (18°28'N, 97°24'W), 6 July 1941, H. Dybas (CAS, JC-2190.01001). Paratvpe. 1 male, collected with holotype (CAS, JC- 2190.01002). Diagnosis. — Albiorix puebla shares with A. retrodentatiis the strongly sinuate distal face of the teeth of the fixed chelal finger, but is slightly smaller (e.g., chela (with pedicel) length 0.963-0.976 mm versus 1.065-1.448 mm in A. retrodentatus), and trichobothrium istj is situated directly dorsal to ist^, but is slightly dorso-distal to ist^ in A. retrodentatus. Description. — Adult: Color: pedipalps and carapace red- brown, legs and chelicerae light brown. Setae: generally long, straight and acicular. Chelicera: hand with 6 setae; movable finger with 1 subdistal seta; galea very slender and elongate; fixed finger with 3 (male) small teeth; movable finger with 3 (male) teeth; rallum of 4 blades, each with several serrations; lamina exterior absent. Pedipalp (Fig. 20B): trochanter granulate on all faces, femur and patella lightly granulate on prolateral margin, chelal hand with granulations on prolateral margin at base of fingers; trochanter 2.19-2.35 (male), femur 4.01^.08 (male), patella 2.95-3.05 (male), chela (with pedicel) 3.64-3.76 (male), chela (without pedicel) 3.43-3.56 (male), hand (without pedicel) 1.39-1.48 (male) x longer than broad, movable finger HARVEY & MUCHMORE— IDEORONCIDAE IN THE NEW WORLD 265 1.41-1.44 (male) x longer than hand (without pedicel). Fixed chelal finger and hand with 22 trichobothria, movable chelal finger with 10 trichobothria (Fig. 20C): eh, esh and ish in straight row at base of finger; eb, esh, ish, it and et regions each with 1 trichobothrium; ih region with 5 trichobothria; ist region with 6 trichobothria; est region with 6 trichobothria; et slightly distal to it; h region with 2 trichobothria; sb and st regions each with 1 trichobothrium; t region with 6 trichobothria; sb not dorsally displaced relative to st; t region not overlapping with est region. Venom apparatus present in both chelal fingers, venom duct terminating in nodus ramosus within est region in fixed finger and basal to / region in movable finger. Chelal hand with retrolateral condyle small and rounded. Chelal teeth evenly spaced and juxtadentate: fixed finger with 31-36 (c?) low, retrorse teeth, most with strongly sinuate distal face; movable finger with ca. 1-5 {