JOURNAL

OF ‘THE

ASIAJIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL.

Volz. EX LY -

SIRWILLAMJONES

MDCCXLVI-MDCCXCIV

LONDON :

PRINTED BY WEST, NEWMAN & CO., 94, HATTON GARDEN, AND
PUBLISHED BY THE ASIATIC SOCIETY, 1, PARK STREET,
CALCUTTA.

1910.

DATES OF PUBLICATION.

—386. 4th January, 1906.
2

62
,, 627-728, 27th March, 1908.
29-908, 6th May, 1909.

526. 20th February, 1908.

ee eS ee

CONTENTS.

=

Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.—By Sip
Groree Kine, K.C.1.E., LL.D., F.R.S., late Superin-
tendent of the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta ; and
J. SyKkEs GAMBLE, C.I.E., F.RB.S., late a the Indian
Forest Department

Pages

| JOURNAL & PROCEEDINGS —

OF THE

Me eS be
Vol. +-Extra Teall oe

1905.

LONDON:
tena BY West, Newman & Co., 54, Harron Ganpex,
« AND’ PUBLISHED BY THE
Astatic Soctety, 57; Park STREET, Cancurra.

1905.
Issued J Tan. > 1906.

ms) Gas :
¥<74
List of Officers and Members of Council
OF THE
ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL

For the year 1905.

President :
His Honour Sir A. H. L. Fraser, M.A., LU.D., K.C.8.1.

_Vice-Presidents :
The Hon’ble Mr. Justice Asutosh Mukhopadhyaya, M.A., D.L.,
E-R.S.E.
T. H. Holland, Esq., F.G.S., F.R.S.
C. W. McMinn, Esq., I.C.S., (vetired.)

Secretary and Treasurer :

Honorary General Secretary: J. Macfarlane, Esq.
Treasurer: The Hon’ble Mr. Justice Asutosh Mukhopadhyaya,
M.A., D.L., F.R.S.E.

Additional Secretaries :

Philological Secretary: E. D. Ross, Hsq., Ph.D.

Natural History Secretary: Captain L. Rogers, M.D., B.Sc.,
IMS.

Anthropological Secretary: N. Annandale, Hsq., B.A., D.Sc,

Joint Philological Secretary: Mahamahopadhyaya Haraprasad
Shastri, M.A,

Numismatic Secretary: H. N. Wright, Esq., LCS.

Other Members of Council :

fre Hon'ble Mr. Justice F. E. Pargiter, B.A., L.C.S.
Kumar Ramessur Maliah.

I. H. Burkill, Esq., M.A.

H. E. Kempthorne, Esq.

W. K. Dods, Esq.

The Hon’ble Mr. A. Earle, I.C.S.
Lieutenant-Colonel J. H. Tull Walsh, I.M,S.
H. H. Hayden, Esq., B.A., F.G:S.

E. Thornton, Esq., F.R.1.B.A.

Pandit Satis Chandra Vidyabhisana, M. a
H, E, Stapleton, Esq., B.A., B.Sc.

JUN 11 1906.

JOURNAL

OF THE

ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL.

Vou. LXXIV., Part II.—Extra Number, 1905.

Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Pennsula.—By Sin Guorer
Kine, K.C.1.E., L6L.D., F.B.S., late Superintendent of the Royal
Botanic Garden, Calcutta, and J. S. GamBue, C.I1.E., F.B.S., late
of the Indian Forest Department.

No. 16.

The present contribution commences with an account of the genus
Psychotria, which concludes the Natural Order Rubiacee. In addition,
it contains accounts of the Natural Orders Valerzanee and Composite
(prepared by Sir G. King); Styladiee, Goodenoviee, and Campanulacee
(prepared by Mr. Gamble); Vaccunacee and Hricacee (Sir G. King) ;
Epacridee and Plumbaginee (Mr. Gamble). For the new genera and
species proposed in these Orders the authors are jointly responsible.
The account of the Order Monotropee has been supplied by Lieut.-
Col. Prain, F.R.S., Superintendent of the Royal Botanic Garden,
Calcutta; and that of the Order Gentsanee@ has been added, having
been drawn up by Mr. C. B. Clarke, F.R.S., late President of the
Linnean Society of London. It is somewhat out of its proper
sequence, but has been included, as the descriptions were ready for
publication.

In addition, therefore, to the account of the Rubiaceous genus
Psychotria, with 29 Malayan Peninsular species, of which 11 are new
to science, this fasciculus contains accounts of the Malayan members
of 11 Natural Orders, including 48 genera and 81 species, of which 2
genera and 17 species are new to science.

Nat. Ord. LIX. RUBIACEA.

o3. PsycHotris, Linn.

Shrubs or small trees, erect or occasionally climbing or twining;
rarely herbs. Leaves opposite, rarely in whorls of 3 or 4. Stupules
free in pairs, or connate, often with glands or hairs, deciduous or
persistent. Flowers rather small, in terminal, rarely axillary, cymes

1

LIBR

NEW

VO)

BOTAN!

GARI

2 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

corymbs or fascicles, bracteolate or not, never involucrate (in the
Malayan species). Calyx-tuwbe short; the limb persistent in part
or deciduous. Corolla-tube straight, short; the throat naked or hairy ;
the lobes of the mouth 5, rarely 4 to 6, valvate in bud. Stamens as
many as the corolla-lobes, inserted on the throat or mouth; anthers
linear or obtuse, attached dorsally near the base to short or long
filaments. Ovary 2-celled; style long or short, bifid; ovules often
cuneiform, solitary, erect from the base of each cell. rut small,
baecate or drupe-like, ovoid globose or oblong, smcoth or ridged,
composed of two plano-convex, 1-celled, 1-seeded pyrenes ; or didymous |
and separating into two cocci. Seeds plano-convex, the ventral surface
grooved or plane, the dorsal smooth, ridged or sulcate; testa thin,
albumen hard; embryo small, basal; cotyledons broad, thin; radicle
inferior.—Distris. Species about 550; tropical or sub-tropical.

Scandent :—
Flowers 4-merous :—
Panicles lax; leaves elliptic- or oblong-lanceolate .. L, P. laxiflora.

Flowers 5-merous :—
Seeds with 4 ridges on the dorsal surface, the ventral
surface plane :—
Flowers sessile in small capitula at the ends of the
branches of the cymes :—
Leaves ovate to oblong-elliptic, 1°75 to 2°5 in. broad ;

inflorescence puberulous 50 2. P. morinde@flora.
Leaves narrowly elliptic, less than 1: 25 in. inroads
inflorescence coarsely pubescent a0 .. 38. P. Maingayt.

Flowers pedicellate in cymosely branched cymes :—
Leaves elliptic-oblanceolate to elliptic, the midrib
sometimes pubescent on the lower surface, otherwise
glabrous; main-nerves 7 to 10 pairs; ote 4 to
‘75 in. long; fruit :25 in. long 4. P. sarmentosa.
Leaves narrowly elliptic-oblong, main-nerves 4 to 6
pairs; petioles -4 to 8 in. long; fruit :35 in. long .. 5. P. Kunstleri.
Leaves broadly obovate or sub-ovate; main-nerves 5
to 10 pairs; petioles -5 to 1°5in.; fruit:4 in. long.. 6. P. penangensis.
Seeds with 3 ridges on the dorsal surface, the ventral
surface plane :—
Flowers pedicellate, in cymosely branched paniculate
cymes; fruit narrowly ellipsoid OU 7. P Scortechinit.
Flowers on short pedicels in globular cymes at the anne
of the branches of the panicles :—
Leaves and stems glabrous; fruit subglobose, ‘2 in.
long .. 8. P. pilulifera.
Leaves and Hy ae and aimaseanca tie junbeacene 9. P. ovoidea,
Seeds with more than 4 ridges on both dorsal and ventral
surfaces .. ais ie ate -. 10. P. Ridley.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Seeds faintly ridged on the dorsal surface, the ventral

surface with a shallow groove .. bi Me alate

‘Erect shrubs, usually small :—
Flowers 4-merous :—

Leaves with a strong pale intra-marginal nerve Sd ee

Flowers 5-merous :—
Flowers shortly pedicellate, in dense globular cymules at
the ends of the long-peduncled branches of a terminal
umbellate cyme; leaves deciduously puberulous, with
9 to 13 pairs of main-nerves; fruit -3 in. long; seeds
4-ridged on the dorsal surface, slightly concave on the

ventral za ‘ Oe Gy

Flowers sub-sessile, in skort condones ‘iehotoinois eeile a
axillary cymes; leaves with scurfy pubescence and 8 to 11
pairs of main-nerves; seeds 5-ridged on the dorsal and

broadly grooved on the ventral surface ae se 14

Flowers in a terminal umbellately branching cyme :—
Seeds with a single dorsal ridge, the ventral surface
plane :-—

Leaves quite glabrous :—
Leaves 6 to 10 in. ae main-nerves 12 to 15

pairs = 2 Us.

Leaves usually ie 6 in. bye main-nerves 8 Ae

10 pairs SC Sr:
Leaves adpressed-pubescent, 6 to 12 in. have Sen IE

‘Seeds with a single dorsal ridge, the ventral surface
with a groove; leaves 5 to 8 in. long, quite glabrous,

main-nerves 7 to 8, rarely 10 pairs be ~kS:

Seeds with 5 ridges on the dorsal surface, the sentaal
surface plane :-—
Leaves glabrous :—
Leaves oblong-elliptic to oblanceolate-elliptic, 3:5

to 8 in. long ; fruit -25 in. long Xs se Ae

Leaves softly pubescent :—
Leaves elliptic to elliptic-oblong, the bases cuneate
rounded or cordate, 3-5 to 5 in. long; fruit -25 to

“3 in. long A Ale

Leaves elliptic, the upper enrbece alabreants a

the midrib, 5 to 7 in. long; fruit :45 in. long .. 21.

Seeds 5-ridged on the dorsal surface and 2-grooved on
the ventral; leaves glabrous on the upper surtace,
their margins crenulate

Seeds with 5 ridges on the dorsal saree ‘autd 1 Page

on the ventral; leaves glabrous, usually oblanceolate 23.

Seeds 4-ridged on the dorsal surface, plane on the
ventral :-—
Leaves elliptic, tapering equally to each end, 9- to

10-nerved; calyx-lobes very long caudate-acuminate 24.

Leaves obovate-oblong or obovate-oblanceolate, 10- to

14-nerved ; calyx-lobes short, broad, blunt nig De

to
iS)

. polycarpa.

. calocarpa.

. tortilis.

. Griffithit.
. angulata.

. Helferiana.

. montana.

. viridifiora.

. Birchiana.

. fulva.

. fulvoidea.

. stipulacea.

. Curtisit.

. rhinocerotis.

. multicapitulata,

4 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

Seeds with 4 ridges on the dorsal surface and a faint
groove on the ventral; leaves elliptic or elliptic-
lanceolate, 12- to 18-nerved .. e .. 26. P. malayana.

Spercies ImpERrectty Known.

Psychotria Wrayi, No. 27.
B inequalis, No. 28.
50 condensa, No, 29.

1. PsycHoTRIA LAXIFLORA, Blume Bijdr. 964. Scandent or epiphy-
tic, glabrous except the inflorescence ; young branches slightly thicker
than a crow-quill, terete, dark-coloured, brown, shining. Leaves
membranous, narrowly elliptic- or oblong-lanceolate, much acuminate,
the base cuneate; both surfaces olivaceous-brown when dry, the lower
the paler, midrib distinct; main-nerves 4 to 6 pairs, faint, curved,
ascending; length 2 to 4in.; breadth ‘5 to 1 in.; petiole -15 to -2 in.
long. Stipules forming a tube from ‘15 to °3 in. long, sharply toothed.
Panicles solitary, terminal, lax, more than half as long as the leaves,
on naked peduncles about 1 in. long; branches cymose, with small
acute bracteoles at their bases, puberulous. lowers -15 to ‘2 in. long,
puberulous, in cymules of three at the ends of the branchlets; their
pedicels short, with broad acute caducous bracteoles at their bases.
Calyx shortly funnel-shaped, the mouth sub-truncate or obscurely
4toothed. Corolla longer than the calyx, broadly clavate in bud,
funnel-shaped; the mouth with 4 broad obtuse lobes, throat sericeous.
Anthers 4, elliptic, blunt, sub-sessile. Frwzt clavate-ellipsoid, with 8
vertical ridges (2 of them double), glabrous; seeds with 4 bold ridges
on the dorsal surface; the ventral surface quite flat. Miq. Fl. Ind.
Bat: 1, 187.

SincaPore: fiidley 13, 4828. Jonore: Aidley. PeraK: King’s
Collector 4117, 8428; Wray 110.—Distrip. Sumatra, Forbes 1297,
1309, 1710, 2466; Java, Koorders 23550s.

2. PsyCHOTRIA MORINDHFLORA, Wall. Cat. 8438 A.B.C. in part. A
woody climber, 15 to 20 feet long, glabrous except the puberulous
inflorescence ; young branches thinner than a goose-quill, dark brown
when dry, terete, somewhat thickened at the nodes, the internodes
minutely lenticellate and faintly striate. Leaves coriaceous, ovate to
elliptic, sometimes oblong-lanceolate, shortly and rather bluntly acumi-
nate, the base slightly cuneate or rarely rounded ; upper surface oliva-
ceous-greenish when dry, the lower purplish-brown; the midrib
channelled on the upper surface, prominent on the lower ; main-nerves
6 to 8 pairs, rather straight, spreading, thin but rather distinct on both
surfaces when dry ; length 3 to 4:5 in. ; breadth 1:75 to 2°5 in.; petiole

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 5

-2to'din. Stipules caducous, leaving a pale narrow scar between the
petioles. Cymes terminal, about 2 in., rarely 3 in. long; the branches
compressed and angled, scurfy-puberulous, two of them springing from
the base, the other three umbellate at the apex of the main axis, each
bearing at its apex a dense, many-flowered, minutely bracteolate
capitulum less than ‘5 in. in diam. J lowers ‘2 in. long, sessile.
Calyx cupular, the mouth with 5 small blunt teeth. Corolla twice as
long as the calyx; the mouth with 5 deep oblong blunt lobes; throat
densely sericeous. <Anthers 5, short, elliptic, basifixed on stout fila-
ments. Style cylindric, thickened upwards; stigma of 2 broad lobes.
Fruit short, compressed ovoid-elliptic, with 8 vertical ridges (2 of
them double) crowned by the small calyx,-25 in. long and °16 in.
in diam. from front to back; seeds with 4 dorsal ridges; ventral
surface plane. Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 166. Psychotria? Wall.
Cat. 8355.

PERAK: King’s Collector 2585, 2665 ; Scortechini 1826; Wray 4001.
Penane: Wallich ; Curtis 478.

3. PsycHotria Marneayi, Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 166. A slender
woody climber ; young branches half as thick as a goose-quill, pubes-
cent, ultimately pale and glabrous. Leaves thickly membranous, nar-
rowly elliptic, caudate-acuminate, the base much narrowed; both
surfaces glabrous, when dry pale olivaceous, the upper rather the
darker ; main-nerves about 6 pairs, indistinct on both surfaces
like the midrib; length 2 to 3:25 in.; breadth -65 to 1:2 in.; petiole
‘1 to -2 in., slender. Stepules cartilaginous, persistent, connate into a
tube -15 in. long with a few hairs at the truncate and toothed or acute
apex. Cymes axillary, on slender, compressed, coarsely pubescent
peduncles shorter than the leaves, few-branched. Flowers sessile,
bracteoles linear. Calyx much longer than the pubescent ovary, widely
campanulate ; the lobes ovate-triangular, caudate-acuminate, spreading.
Corolla unknown. fruit broadly ellipsoid, with 8 deep vertical grooves,
pale, nearly glabrous when ripe, -2 in. long.

SincAPoRE : Maingay (K.D.) 926; Ridley 6924.

4. PSYCHOTRIA SARMENTOSA, Blume Bijdr. 964. Scandent; woody ;
young stems thinner than a goose-quill, pale, glabrous. Leaves thinly
coriaceous, elliptic-oblanceolate to elliptic, acute or shortly and abruptly
acuminate, much narrowed at the base, edges slightly recurved; both
surfaces pale brown tinged with olivaceous when dry, minutely reticu-
late ; the upper glabrous, the lower sometimes pubescent only on the
stout midrib; main-nerves 7 to 10 pairs, curving slightly upwards,
faint; length 2°5 to 4in.; breadth 1 to 1°75 in.; petioles -4 to -75 in.,
winged above. Stipules broad at the base, the apex caudate-acuminate.

6 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula

Cymes terminal, puberulous, shorter than the leaves, on short peduncles,.
cymosely branched; the branches angled, spreading, many-flowered ;.
bracteoles minute, linear. flowers about ‘15 in. long, puberulous out-
side, on short pedicels. Calyx campanulate, with 5 short triangular
teeth. Corolla villous at the base in the interior. Frwit ellipsoid,
‘25 in. long, with 10 vertical ridges (2 of them double). Seeds with
4 dorsal ridges, the ventral surface plane. DC. Prod. IV. 522; Wight.
Ic. 1038; Thwaites Enum. Pl. Ceyl. 148; Kurz For. Fl. Burm. II.
14; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 165. P. obovata, Wall. Cat. 8380:
Grumilea Junghuhnana, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 296. Psychotria sp.,.
Wall. Cat. 8382, 8352 ?, 8384.

Smneavore: Aidley 2874, 2875, 9112. Matacca: Griffith (K.D.)
3043. Perak: King’s Collector 4967, 7572. Prnana: King 1346;.
Curtis 951, 2781.—Distris. Burma, Wallich; Helfer (K.D.) 3041,
&e. ; Indian Peninsula; Ceylon; Malay Archipelago ; Andaman Islands.

Var. pachyphylla, King & Gamble. Leaves thickly coriaceous,
shining, greenish when dry, 3 to 4 in. long; fruit ‘25 in. long, sub-
globular.

Penane : Liidley 9363; Curtis 2215.

5. Psycnorria Kunstueri, n. sp., King & Gamble. A glabrous.
epiphyte with slightly angled stems thinner than a goose-quill, pale
yellowish when dry. Leaves succulent, glossy and bluish-green when
fresh, but yellow on both surfaces and dull when dry, narrowly elliptic-
oblong, rarely oblong-oblanceolate, gradually and equally tapering to.
each end; the midrib bold, channelled on the upper surface; main-
nerves 4 to 6 pairs, spreading, very indistinct; length 3 to 5:5 in. ;.
breadth -8 to 1:4 in.; petioles -4 to ‘8 in. long. Stipules forming a car-
tilaginous persistent cup with an entire mouth, about ‘1 in.long. Cyme
solitary, umbellate, terminal, longer than the leaves (the naked peduncle
of 2 to 3 in. being included), lax, from 2 to 4 in. broad; branches
spreading, dividing near their apices into umbellate cymes; bracteoles.
few, linear, acute. Flowers not seen: on basally bracteolate pedicels.
as long as themselves. wit ‘35 in. long, ellipsoid, deeply 10-grooved,
crowned by the rather large remains of the 5-toothed calyx, 10-ridged.
Seeds dorsally 4-ridged, the ventral surface flat.

Perak: Scortechin ; King’s Collector 1886, 4953, 6588; Wray
99230.—Distris. Sumatra, Forbes 2823.

6. PsycHOTRIA PENANGENSIS, Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 175. A
shrubby epiphyte or climber, 8 to 12 feet long, all parts except the
inflorescence glabrous; young branches slightly compressed, thinner
than a goose-quill, dark-coloured. Leaves thinly coriaceous, broadly
elliptic-obovate or sub-ovate, shortly and abruptly triangular, acumi-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. ff

nate, much narrowed at the base into the broad petiole; both sur-
faces brown when dry, the upper slightly olivaceous; the midrib
broad, channelled on the upper surface, main-nerves 5 to 10 pairs,
spreading, thin, distinct on the lower surface; length 3 to 4:5 in.;
breadth 1:5 to 2°5 in.; petiole -5 to 1:5 in. long, slightly winged
above. Stipules broadly ovate, sub-acute or blunt, sub-tubular, some-
times bifid, -2 to -4 in. long. Cymes umbellate, solitary or terminal,
pedunculate, as long as or longer than the leaves (including the com-
pressed naked 1 to 2 in. long peduncle); primary branches long,
spreading ; the ultimate umbels with broad-based subulate unequal
bracteoles. Flowers -2 to :25 in. long, sessile or on short pedicels ;
bracts ‘25 in. long. Calyx-twbe obconie, its teeth triangular. Corolla
longer than the calyx, shortly and widely tubular, deeply divided into
5 broad lobes thickened near the apex, the apex itself sharp and
inflexed, glabrous inside except for the ring of hair in the throat at
the insertion of the short filaments. Amnthers elliptic, blunt, entire.
Frwit ellipsoid, compressed, with 10 obtuse vertical ridges (2 of them
double), glabrescent, crowned by the rather large calyx; length 4 in. ;
breadth -25 in. Seeds 2, plano-convex, the dorsal surface with 4 blunt
ridges, the ventral surface plane.

Manacca : Maingay (K.D.) 920. Sincapore: Ridley 2870. PERax:
Scortechint 2034; King’s Collector 3049, 4591, 10723. Snnancor:
Firdley 7425. Panekore: Curtis 1621.

7. PsycHotria ScoRTECHINI, n.sp., King & Gamble. A climber,
all parts glabrous; young branches pale brown, thicker than a crow-
quill, terete, smooth. Leaves membranous, ovate-lanceolate or narrowly
elliptic, acuminate, the base narrowed or rarely rounded ; both surfaces
brown when dry (the lower slightly paler), the midrib prominent ; main-
nerves 9 or 6 pairs, curved, spreading, not prominent; length 2°5 to
4in.; breadth 1 to 1-5 in.; petiole -15 to -2 in. Sztzpules oblong, acute,
connate at their bases, -15 to :2 in. long, caducous. Cymes paniculate,
solitary, terminal, rarely axillary, spreading, lax, cymosely branched, in
flower as long as or nearly as long as the leaves, in fruit longer, the
branches bracteolate, angled, divaricating. Flowers on the ultimate
branchlets in threes, :15 in. long, on short pedicels, each with a bracteole
at the base. Calyx cupular, with 5 short acute teeth. Corolla longer
than the calyx, cylindric, with short triangular lobes, the throat with
tufts of yellowish hairs between the 5 stamens. Anthers on short
filaments. Style cylindric, stigma 2-lobed. Frwit narrowly ellipsoid,
tapering to each end, sometimes clavate, slightly compressed, 8-ridged
(2 being double), crowned by the calyx, °35 in. long and ‘2 in. in diam.
Seeds with 3 broad dorsal ridges, ventral surface plane.

8 Flora of the Malayan Penwnsula.

Perak: Scortechint 311, 404, 426; King’s Collector 897, 2566,
5373.

This closely resembles P. laxiflora, Bl., but has 5-merous flowers and longer, less
clavate fruit.

8. PsYCHOTRIA PILULIFERA, n. sp., King & Gamble. A small tree
or climber ; all parts except the inflorescence glabrous ; young branches
about as thick as a crow-quill, terete, pale brown when dry. Leaves
coriaceous, narrowly elliptic, much tapered to both ends ; both surfaces
olivaceous when dry, the lower slightly the paler; main-nerves 6 or
7 pairs, inconspicuous, the midrib bold beneath when dry ; length 2°5 to
3-5 in.; breadth -75 to 1 in.; petiole -35 to ‘4 in. long, slender. Injflores-
cence a terminal, few-branched, puberulous panicle of condensed 8-10-
flowered globular cymes. Flowers and their short pedicels minutely
tomentose. Calyx shortly campanulate, the mouth with 5 spreading
triangular acute lobes. Corolla tubular; the lobes oblong, broad, with
small inflexed apices. Anthers 5, attached to the throat by short fila-
ments surrounded by coarse hair. fruit sub-globose, with 10 bold
vertical ridges (2 of them double), crowned by the small calyx, :2 long
and ‘15 in. in diam. Seeds with 3 bold ridges on the dorsal surface ;
ventral surface plane.

PERAK, at elevations of 3,000 to 5,000 feet: Wray 287, 398, 434, 946,
3870.

9. PsycHOTRIA OVOIDEA, Wall. Cat. 8383. A slender woody climber,
20 to 40 feet long; stems thinner than a goose-quill, densely rusty-
pubescent. Leaves with recurved margins, coriaceous, ovate- or
elliptic-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, the base cuneate or rounded,
sometimes minutely cordate; upper surface olivaceous when dry,
glabrous, the main-nerves depressed; the lower brown, pubescent on
the stout midrib and 5 to 7 pairs of prominent curved ascending main-
nerves, puberulous on the interspaces; length 1°5 to 2°5 in.; breadth :85
to 1:25 in.; petioles ‘15 to :25 in. long. Stipules connate, ovate-lanceo-
late, ‘25 in. long, caducous. Cymes ‘75 to 2 in. in diam., trichotomous,
solitary, terminal, rusty-pubescent, on angled peduncles °d to 1 in. long.
Flowers about ‘15 in. long, on short pedicels, crowded in dense cymes
at the ends of the branches and mixed with linear bracteoles. Calyx
campanulate, with 5 spreading acute teeth. Corolla twice as long as
the calyx, salver-shaped, with 5 lobes, the tube villous inside. Fruit
ovoid-globose, ‘15 in. long, the apex crowned by the calyx, the sides
with 6 faint vertical ridges. Seeds faintly 3-ridged on the dorsal surface ;
the ventral surface broad, flat. Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 166.

Smncarore: Wallich, Seeman 2348. Mauacca: Maingay (K.D.)
923; Ridley 97, 8407.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, 9

10. PsycHotria RiDLEYI, n. sp., King & Gamble. A small shrub;
all parts glabrous except the inflorescence ; stems half as thick as a
goose-quill, terete, greenish when dry. Leaves membranous, oblong-
to elliptic-oblanceolate, the apex abruptly and very shortly acuminate,
the base much narrowed, both surfaces pale olivaceous when dry, the
midrib rather prominent, the upper sometimes with scattered minute,
adpressed white hairs ; main-nerves 7 to 9 pairs, slightly curved, spread-
ing, faint on both surfaces ; length 3 to 5° in. ; breadth 1-25 to 2-25 in.;
petioles -4 to °8 in. long, winged near the apex. Stipules broadly ovate,
subacute, ‘lin. long. Cyme on a peduncle about 1 in. long (longer in
fruit), corymbosely branched, the bracts at the forks linear-lanceolate.
Flowers in cymules of three, everywhere canescent, on short pedicels
bibracteolate at the base. Calyx campanulate with elongated tube;
the mouth with 5 erect ovate-iriangular lobes. Corolla longer
than the calyx; the tube short, slightly villous at the base
near the insertion of the broad sub-sessile anthers; the 5 lobes
broadly ovate, acute. rwit ovoid-ellipsoid, 12-ridged, crowned by
the small calyx, ‘3 to -4 in. long. Seeds many-ridged on both dorsal
and ventral surfaces.

Singapore: fizdley 48, 10818. Jonore: Ridley 6472. Matacca:
on Mt. Ophir, Hullett 811; Goodenough 1363.

11. PsycHorria PotycarPa, Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. ITI. 165. A
climber, glabrous except the inflorescence; young branches thinner
than a goose-quill, terete, when dry dark-coloured. Leaves coriaceous,
-ovate- or obovate-lanceolate to obovate- or ovate-rotund, the apex in the
narrower forms shortly and bluntly acuminate, in the broader abruptly
and bluntly apiculate; both surfaces olivaceous when dry, the upper
‘somewhat shining, the lower dull and darker, the midrib prominent on
both; main-nerves 5 or 6 pairs, spreading, faint on both surfaces ;
length 2 to 3 in.; breadth -75 to 1-75 in.; petioles 3 to 6 in. Stipules
very short, connate to form a collar, caducous. Panicles large,
umbellately cymose, longer than the leaves (sometimes very much so) ;
their branches numerous, spreading, puberulous, with minute bracteoles
at the divisions. Flowers -15 in. long, numerous, in ultimate cymules
of 2 or 3, shortly pedicellate. Calyx thick, minutely pubescent, shortly
campanulate or sub-cupular, the mouth with 5 acute teeth or subentire.
Corolla longer than the calyx, salver-shaped, its 5 lobes spreading,
lanceolate, acute, the throat sericeous; anthers 5, elliptic. Fruit
ellipsoid, tapered to the base, and the apex crowned by the rather large
remains of the calyx ; obscurely ridged; -15 in. long and ‘1 in. in diam. ;
sometimes sub-globular, the epicarp somewhat pulpy. Seeds slightly
convex and faintly ridged on the dorsal surface, the ventral with a broad

10 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

shallow groove. P. obovata, Wall. Cat. 83804. Grumnulea polycarpa,
Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 295. .

SINGAPORE: Fizdley 2029. Matacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3042; Mai-
gay (K.D.) 924; Hullett 402. Jonorn: Ardley 4090, 11160. Prnane:
Curtis 1095. Prrax: Wray and King’s Collector many numbers.
Distris.—Java, King ; Forbes 1061; Koorders 28043B.

12. PsycHotria CALOCARPA, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng., 1872, II.
315. A glabrous shrub 2 to 4 feet high ; young branches thinner than
a goose-quill, dark-coloured when dry. Leaves thickly membranous,
oblong-oblanceolate or oblanceolate, shortly caudate-acuminate at the
apex, much attenuate at the base, the edges sometimes broadly crenate;
both surfaces olivaceous when dry, the midrib and nerves broad, distinct
and pale; main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, slightly curved, spreading and
interarching to form a bold pale intramarginal nerve -1 to ‘15 in. from
the edge; length 5 to 8 in.; breadth 1°65 to 2°5 in.; petiole -75 to
1:25 in., slightly winged near the apex. Stepules broadly triangular,
acuminate, membranous, sometimes bifid, -2in. long. Cymes terminal
or axillary, sessile or shortly pedunculate, shorter than the petioles,
about 1:25 in. across and ‘5d in. long, branched from near the base,
the branches compressed, trichotomous ; the bracteoles lanceolate,
acuminate. lowers ‘2 in. long, on short pedicels. Calyx with a
short cylindric tube and 4 longer oblong blunt sub-erect concave lobes.
Corolla exceeding the calyx, narrowly campanulate, bluntly 4-lobed,
the throat densely sericeous, otherwise glabrous. Fruit sub-globose or
ovoid, sub-compressed; the epicarp fleshy, glabrous, rugulose when
dry; ‘3 in. in breadth and rather less in length, the persistent calyx-
lobes small. Seeds large, the dorsal surface faintly 1-ridged, the ventral
deeply grooved. Kurz For. Fl. Burm. Il. 9; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind:
III. 173. P. asiatica, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 160;
Wall. Cat. 8331: not of Linn. nor of Roxb. P. viridiflora, Reinw.
var. undulata, Kurz For. Fl. Burm. II. 13. P. picta, Wall. Cat. 8358 ;
and Psychotria, l.c. 8359.

Perak: Fidley 7199; Wray 2200; King’s Collector 1930, 2348, 6798,
10772 ; Scortechim. Matacca: Hervey.—Distris. Himalaya, Assam,
Burma.

This plant is very common in the lower Himalaya, Assam, and Burma. In the
Flora of British India it is described as herbaceous, but the Malayan specimens are all
woody. The leaves are always readily distinguished, when dry, by the pale broad main-
nerves and by the very conspicuous intra-marginal nerve. In Malaya the plant is.

glabrous, but in the Indian specimens the under surfaces of the leaves are deciduously
puberulous.

13. PsycHoTRIA MULTICAPITATA, n. sp. King & Gamble. An erect,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. tf

much-branched shrub 3 to 7 feet high; young branches thinner than a
goose-quill, slightly compressed, swollen at the nodes, pale, deciduously
puberulous. Leaves thinly membranous, greenish when dry, broadly
obovate-lanceolate, oblong or elliptic, abruptly and shortly caudate-
acuminate, the base narrowed to the rather short petiole; upper surface
quite glabrous; the lower scurfy-puberulous on the broad midrib and
9 to 13 pairs of curved spreading main-nerves; length 5 to 10 in.;
breadth 2°5 to 4 in.; petiole :75 to 1:15 in. Stipules free, broadly trian-
gular, 15 in.long. Cymes terminal, solitary, peduncled, about 2 in. long
(including the peduncle) and the same in breadth, umbellately branched
from near the base; the ultimate branches numerous, bearing terminal
many-flowered globular minutely bracteolate cymules, about ‘5 in. in
diam., the common peduncle about an inch or more long, the branches
shorter, all puberulous. Flowers on short puberulous pedicels, ovoid in
bud, about -15 in. long when expanded. Calyx cupular, with 5 or 6
triangular acute sub-erect teeth. Corolla longer than the calyx, the
tube cylindric and, like the throat, densely white-sericeous inside ;
lobes of the limb short, triangular, deflexed. Anthers bifid at the base.
Style thick, bifid, longer than the corolla. Fruit ellipsoid-obovoid,
10-ridged, crowned by the small calyx, glabrous, *3 in. long. Seed
dorsally with 4 faint ridges, ventrally somewhat concave.

PERAK: Scortechini 214, 291; King’s Collector 436, 867, 2862, 5402,
7380, 7513, 10559.

14. Pscuyorria TorTILIS, Blume Bijdr. 958. Stem woody below,
erect, 6 to 18 in. high, not branched, cinereous, 4-angled, sparsely
covered with short coarse scurfy hairs. Leaves membranous, broadly
elliptic or ovate-elliptic, the apex acute or sub-acute, narrowed from
below the middle to the petiole; upper surface when dry dark green,
the lower pale, glaucous, minutely lepidote ; the 8 to 11 pairs of slightly
curved spreading main-nerves covered with minute short coarse
deciduous dark-coloured hairs; length 4 to 6 in.; breadth 1°75 to 3 in.;
petioles ‘5 to 2 in., compressed, scurfy-pubescent. Stipules broadly tri-
angular, much acuminate, bifid, -15to-3 in.long. Cymes solitary, sessile,
axillary, dichotomous, many-flowered, condensed, ‘5 in. to 1 in. long and
as much broad. Flowers 15 in. long, on short ebracteolate pedicels.
Calyx campanulate, with 5 triangular spreading teeth, covered with coarse
hair. Corolla longer than the calyx, narrowly campanulate, with
5 ovate acute lobes, hairy like the calyx. Anthers 5, sessile, oblong,
blunt, included. Style shorter than the calyx; stigmas short, linear,
divergent. rwit crowned by the small calyx-lobes, reniform, pale with
numerous short vertical brown streaks, and stiff short white hairs, -1 in.
broad and less in length; the dorsal surface of each of the two

12 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

cartilaginous cocci with 3 bold ridges. Seeds bluntly 5-ridged on the
dorsal, broadly grooved on the ventral surface. DC. Prod. IV. 520;
Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 169. P. microcarpa, Wall. Cat. 8344.
Streblosa tortilis, Korth. Kruidk. Arch. II. 246.

Penane: Wallich 8344; Curtis 405, 1269. Srnaarore: Lobb.
PERAK: King’s Collector 710, 2627; Scortechint.—Distris. Sumatra,
Forbes 1495.

15. PsycHorria Grirrirai, Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. Ill. 171. A
shrub ; glabrous except the puberulous inflorescence ; young branches
thinner than a goose-quill, terete, of a dark colour when dry. Leaves
coriaceous, oblong or elliptic, shortly and somewhat abruptly acumi-
nate, the base cuneate, the edges slightly recurved and pale, both
‘surfaces drying olivaceous-green, shining, the midrib and the 12 to
15 pairs of curved spreading main-nerves distinct ; length 6 to 10 in. ;
breadth 1:75 to 3°5 in.; petiole -4 to ‘8 in., slightly winged above,
stout. Stipules broadly triangular, sub-acute, °2 to °3 in. long. Cymes
terminal, solitary, pyramidal, about 1:5 in. long and the same in
breadth, on naked compressed peduncles 1-5 in. or more long (lengthen-
ing to 2 in. or more in fruit); branches short, stout, puberulous,
ebracteolate ; the ultimate ones bearing the shortly pedicelled flowers
in cymules of three. Flowers ‘2 in. long. Calyx campanulate, with
) broadly triangular acute sub-erect teeth. Corolla as long as the
calyx, fleshy, tubular, with 5 broad oblong hooded lobes; the tube
finely sericeous inside, otherwise glabrous. Anthers 5, broadly oblong,
entire, dorsifixed; the filaments thin, compressed, broad. Style short,
with 2 broad flat lobes. F'rwit elliptic, slightly obovoid, the apex sub-
truncate, crowned by the remains of the disk and calyx, glabrous, black
when dry, ‘4 in. long and ‘35 in. broad ; with 4 broad vertical ridges, two
of them grooved externally and consisting of two ridges united, the
other two single; 2-celled, and 2-seeded. Seeds large, the dorsal
surface with a single ridge, the ventral flat, not grooved, everywhere
smooth.

Mauacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3044; Maingay (K.D.) 918; Hervey ;
Derry 367. Prrax: Ridley 2873. SincaporE: fidley 2872, 2873,
6314, 6468, 6556; Hullett 848.

16. PsycHoTRIA ANGULATA, Korth. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. II. 248.
A shrub 4 to 6 ft. high, glabrous except the inflorescence ; young
branches pale brown when dry, thinner than a goose-quill, terete.
Leaves coriaceous, oblanceolate to oblanceolate-elliptic, the apex shortly
and rather abruptly acuminate, the base much narrowed ; both surfaces
brown when dry, tinged with olivaceous; the upper very shining, the
broad midrib and nerves depressed ; the lower less shining, the midrib

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 13

very prominent, and the 8 to 10 pairs of spreading nerves thin but
distinct; length 4 to 6 in.; breadth 1 to 1°75 in.; petiole °2 to ‘6 in.,
slightly winged near the apex. Stipules broadly triangular, acute, sub-
acute or bifid, -25 in. long. Cyme solitary, terminal, pyramidal, about
1‘5 in. long, on a naked peduncle 1:25 to 3 in. long; branches whorled,
shortly bracteolate at their bases, spreading; the ultimate branchlets
crowded at their ends with numerous sessile flowers :25 in. long.
Calyx pale, widely cupular, ‘05 in. long, with irregular small teeth.
Corolla thick, tubular, its 5 broad lobes with acute inflexed apices; the
throat densely sericeous. Anthers elliptic, blunt, on short filaments.
Frwit ovoid or narrowly obovoid, pulpy, obscurely ridged, glabrous,
crowned by the small calyx, 5 in. long and half as much broad (unripe),
2-celled. Seeds 2, plano-convex. .Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. IV.
210; Hook. fil, Fl. Br. Ind. III. 172. Psychotria, Wall. Cat. 8348.
Chasalia perforata, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 546.

Mauacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3037. Province WELLESLEY : Ridley 7026.
JoHorE: Firdley 11161. Sinearore: Ardley 2867. Panane: Ridley
1353. Prenana: Curtis 14, 726; King’s Collector 1683. PERAK:
King’s Collector 4170.—Distris. Burma.

17. PsycHotTria HELFERIANA, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng., 1872,
IT. 314. A shrub; the whole plant more or less rusty-pubescent ;
young branches as thick as a goose-quill or thicker, the pubescence
dense and deciduous. Leaves thickly membranous, elliptic or oblong-
elliptic, rarely obovate-elliptic, the apex acuminate, the base usually
cuneate but sometimes rounded; both surfaces dark brown when dry,
the lower somewhat tinged with red and less hairy than the upper;
the hairs on both adpressed and very numerous on the stout midrib,
less so on the 9 to 16 pairs of spreading curved main-nerves; length
6 to 12 in.; breadth 2°5 to 4:5 in.; petioles 1 to 1:75 in. Stipules
broadly ovate to oblong-lanceolate, often as much as 1 in. long, the
apex acuminately bifid. Flowers :2 in. long, numerous, mixed with many
unequal bracteoles mostly longer than themselves, all acuminate and
some of them bifid and crowded in dense pedunculate capitula in a
few-branched axillary cyme usually shorter than the leaf-petioles.
Calyx-tube narrowly campanulate, with 5 lanceolate erect lobes nearly
as long as itself, everywhere pilose. Corolla similar to the calyx, but
smaller and less hairy. Stamens almost sessile ; anthers broad, blunt.
Fruit ovoid or ellipsoid, somewhat compressed and boldly 8-ridged,
crowned by the lobes of the calyx, ‘3 in. long and -2in.in diam. Kurz
For, Fl. Burm. II. 11: Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 172.

- SInGAPORE: Wallich 8368 ; Goodenough 184; Maingay (K.D.) 921.
Mauacca: Maingay (K.D.) 921; Ridley 184; Lobb. Jounore: Ridley

14 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

11159; King; Hullett 507. Prax: King’s Collector 4345, 4661.
—Distris. Burma.

Var. diffusa, King & Gamble. Capitula in spreading pedunculate
panicles several inches in diam.

Perak: Scortechint 400. JoHorE: Ridley 3732. SINGAPORE:
Hullett.

Var. angustifolia, King & Gamble. Leaves elliptic-oblong or oblong,
not more than 2 in. in width; capitulum solitary, sessile.

SincAPore: King.—Distris. Andamans.

Var. glabra, King & Gamble. Leaves glabrous.

Perak: Wray 1963.

18. PsycHorria MonTAaNA, Blume Bijdr.960. A stout glabrous shrub ;
young branches half as thick as a goose-quill, angled, brown when dry.
Leaves thinly membranous, on rather long petioles, elliptic or elliptic-
oblong, acuminate, the base cuneate; both surfaces greenish or
olivaceous-brown when dry, the lower the paler; main-nerves 7 to 8
pairs (rarely 10 pairs) curving upwards, pale and bold like the midrib on
the lower surface, faint on the upper; length 5 to 8 in.; breadth 1°75
to 3:5 in.; petioles -4 to 1:25 in., winged near the apex. Stzpules
connate by their short broad bases, the apices caudate-acuminate,
curved, Cymes terminal, paniculate, on angled peduncles ‘5 to 1:25 in.
in length; branches spreading, angled, bearing numerous shortly pedi-
celled flowers in cymules of three. Jlowers -25 in. long. Calyx
cupular with 5 broad spreading triangular teeth. Corolla with sub-
campanulate tube having a broad band of hairs inside in the upper
half ; the lobes of the mouth 5, broad, acute, reflexed. Fvwit ellipsoid-
ovoid to ellipsoid, boldly 4-ridged, glabrous, -25 to *3 in. long. Seeds :
the dorsal surface with a single ridge, the ventral deeply concave,
grooved. DC. Prod. IV. 521; Hook. fil. HE Br indy ieee eee.
viridissima, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, II. 315; For. Fl.
Burm. IJ. 13. Chasalia montana, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 281. C. ex-
pansa, var. montana, Miq. MS. Psychotria, Wall. Cat. 8371, 8378, and
Rubiacee, 8339. Coffea tabaccifolia, Wall. Cat. 8334.

Perak: Scortechini; Ridley, 2922; King’s Collector, 452, 2190;
Wray 276.—Distris. Sumatra, Forbes 1566, 1862, 2201, 2241, 2330.
Java: Blume; Forbes 271, 759, &. Burma; Assam; Sylhet (Grofith,
K.D.) 3047.

Var. brevipetiolata, King & Gamble. Leaves with petioles -2 to
‘4 in. long.

Perak: Scortechiu 277, 1513; Wray 1628, 2289; King’s Collector
389, 922, 1954, 2190, 4707, 6111, 8596. Srnancor: Ridley 10583.
Pawane : fidley 5831. Mauacca: on Mt. Ophir, Hullett 762

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 15

19. Psyenorria viripiFrLora, Reinw. ex Blume Bijdr. 965. A small
tree or a bush, all parts, except the inflorescence, glabrous; young
branches thinner than a goose-quill, dark brown. Leaves membranous,
oblong-elliptic to oblanceolate-elliptic, shortly and stoutly acuminate,
the base much narrowed ; both surfaces brown when dry; main-nerves
8 to 14 pairs, curved, spreading, rather faint on both surfaces ; length
3°5 to 8 in.; breadth 1:25 to 2:5 in.; petiole :4 to ‘75 in. occasionally as
much as 1:25 in. long. Stipules broadly oblong, narrowed to the apex,
but not acute, 3 to 5 in. long, deciduous. Cymes on naked peduncles
(‘3 to 15 in. long) in broad panicles 1 to 2 in. long and as much wide
(more when in fruit); branches divaricating, puberulous, with small
broad bracteoles. Flowers in small cymes, on the ultimate branches,
-1 in. long, on short pedicels, glabrous outside. Calyx cupular with
irregular, short, sharp teeth. Corolla longer than the calyx, widely
tubular, with 5 broad sub-acute lobes; the throat sericeous. Anthers 5,
oblong, blunt, attached by short filaments in the throat. Frwit elliptic,
with a wide shallow areola on the apex, the sides with 10 bold vertical
ridges (2 of them double), glabrous, about -25 in. long and ‘2 in. in
diam. Seeds plano-convex, the convexity deeply 5-grooved, the ventral
surface flat. P. swlcata, Wall. Cat. 8370; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III.
168. P. Jackw, Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 167.

Manaccea: Griffith (K.D.) 3021; Goodenough 1878; Derry 457,
1224; Ridley 1600. PanaKxore: Curtis 1369. Trana: Wray 2778.
NeGRI SEMBILAN: Ridley 1930. Snuancor: Audley 7434. Perak:
Scortechim ; Fridley 2919, 3067; Wray 290, 2027, 2778, 2956; King’s
Collector 2655, 4275, 4374, 5964, 6327, 7224. Prmnana: Wallich 8343,
8370.—Distris. Burma, Helfer & Griffith (K.D.) 3040; Sumatra,
Forbes ; Java, Blume ; Borneo, Beccari ; Motley ; Haviland.

20. PsycHorria Brrcwiana, n. sp., King & Gamble. Herbaceous;
woody at the base ; all parts softly rusty-pubescent ; stems 6 to 18 in.
high, thinner than a goose-quill, their pubescence crisped, dense, coarse,
and entirely or partly deciduous. Leaves thickly membranous, elliptic
to elliptic-oblong, sometimes sub-obovate, acute, the base rounded or
minutely cordate or sometimes cuneate; both surfaces brown when
dry, the lower sometimes paler and with fewer hairs; the midrib
prominent and very hairy on both sides, the 10 to 12 pairs of rather
faint little-curved spreading main-nerves less hairy than the midrib ;
length 3°5 to 5 in.; breadth 1:5 to 2-25 in.; petiole ‘5 to 1 in., covered
with coarse tomentum mixed with ovate-acuminate scales. Stipules
oblong-ovate, acuminate, -5 to °75 in. long. Cymes pedunculate,
solitary, terminal, spreading, 1:5 to 2 in. across, and about as long, the
branches spreading, bracteate at the divisions, the bracts lanceolate,

16 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

acute, reflexed, -2 or -3 in. long; the peduncle 1-5 to 2°5 in. long, scaly,.
tomentose; ultimate branches short, bearing at their apices dense
capitules of small sub-sessile flowers, mixed with short broad brac-
teoles. Flowers about ‘1 in. long. Calyx cupular-campanulate, pubes-
cent; the mouth wide and with 5 blunt, triangular, spreading lobes..
Corolla exceeding the calyx, widely tubular, with 5 or 6 short inflexed
teeth, glabrous inside, hairy outside. Anthers oblong, blunt at each
end, the filaments short. wt ellipsoid, tapering equally to each end,
boldly 10-ridged, somewhat compressed, crowned by the hairy calyx-
lobes, otherwise sub-glabrous, ‘25 to °3 in. long and :2 in. across. Seeds
with 5 dorsal ridges, the ventral surface plane.

PERAK, on Birch’s Hill, elev. 4,000 feet: Scortechini 258; Wray 13.
King’s Collector 2134, 2950, 7348. Sunancor: Radley 7432.

The flowers are described as white, and the ripe fruit as cherry red. Named in
honour of Mr. Birch, a British civil officer, who was murdered by the aborigines in
Perak.

91. PsycHoTRia FuLVA, Buch.-Ham. ex. Wall. Cat. 8366, excl. B. A.
shrub; young branches thinner than a goose-quill, dark brown when
dry, bearing a few scattered coarse hairs. Leaves thickly membranous,.
elliptic, shortly acuminate and tapering almost equally to the base ;
upper surface without hairs except a few on the midrib near the base,.
under surface with dark cinereous pubescence on the midrib and 15 to
18 pairs of sub-horizontal slightly curved main-nerves; length 5 to:
7 in., breadth 1°75 to 3°5 in.; petioles 1:25 to 2:4 in., coarsely and
deciduously pubescent. Stzpules membranous, broadly oblong, the
apex deeply and acuminately bifid, the edges coarsely ciliate ; length
about lin. Cymes pedunculate, axillary, trichotomous, the flowers in
condensed capitular cymes at the ends of the short branches, enveloped
when in bud in 2 or 3 large deciduous bracts ; in fruit about 2 in. across.
and less in length ; peduncles about 2 in. long; branches about ‘din. long,
horizontal; all, like the short flower pedicels, coarsely rusty-pubescent.
Calyx cupular, with 5 deep, spreading, narrow, acuminate lobes. Corolla
not seen. Fruit narrowly elliptic, somewhat compressed, tapering
slightly to each end, the apex crowned by the erect connivent calyx-
lobes, boldly but somewhat unequally 12-ridged, glabrous, -45 in. long
and -25 in. in diam. Seeds 5-ridged on the dorsal, the ventral surface
flat. Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 169, excl. syn. P. montecola, Kurz.
Psychotria, Wall. Cat. 8337; Griff. Notule, IV. 268; Ic. Pl. Asiat..
t. 479, f. 2.

Perak, On Ulu Batung Padang: Wray 1615.—Distris. H. Bengal,
Griffith (K.D.) 3022, 3034, 3035, 3036; Khasia, Hook jf. & Thoms. 14.

P. monticola, Kurz, a Burmese plant, has been reduced to P. fulva, Buch.-Ham..,.
but in my opinion it is quite distinct.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 17

22. PsyCHOTRIA FULVOIDEA, n. sp., King & Gamble. A _ small
shrub; young branches thinner than a goose-quill, dark-coloured,
glabrous. Leaves membranous, narrowly elliptic, acuminate, crenu-
late, the base cuneate ; upper surface glabrous, dark brown when dry,
the lower reddish-brown; the midrib, nerves and reticulations rusty-
pubescent, otherwise glabrous; midrib prominent on both surfaces,
the 10 to 14 pairs of spreading, curving main-nerves slightly prominent
on the lower; length 6 to 7 in.; breadth 2 to 2°5 in.; petiole 1 to
1:3 in. Stipules membranous, ovate, caudate-acuminate, the edges
irregularly serrate, ciliate, length about lin. Cymes axillary, trichoto-
mous, condensed, about 2 in. broad when in fruit and 1-25 in. long,
on deflexed, coarsely but shortly pubescent peduncles 3 in. long;
their branches short, spreading, bracteate at the divisions and coarsely
pubescent. Flowers condensed into globose capitulate cymes at the
apices of the branches, sessile. Calyx narrowly campanulate, pubes-
cent, with 5 erect acute teeth. Corolla unknown. Fruit narrowly
elliptic, tapering to each end, the apex crowned by the short pubescent
lobes, with 12 deep ridges and grooves, glabrous, °4 in. long and -2 in.
in diam. Seed dorsally 5-ridged, ventrally 2-grooved.

PERAK: Scortechint 538.

This approaches P. fulva, but is a smaller plant, with crenulate leaves quite
glabrous on the upper surface and nearly so on the lower.

23. PsycHoTRiIa sTrpuLACEA, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey &
Wall. II. 164. A shrub, 1 to 2 feet high, all parts except the inflores-
cence glabrous; stems as thick as a goose-quill, brown when dry.
Leaves membranous, broadly oblanceolate to elliptic, or oblong, abruptly
and shortly acuminate, much narrowed to the base; both surfaces
glabrous, when dry brown with a reddish tinge; midrib very stout, main-
nerves 11 to 13 pairs, spreading, slightly curved, distinct on both sur-
faces; length 5 to 9 in.; breadth 2 to 4 in.; petioles -5 to 1:25 in. long,
winged near the apex. Stipules large, sub-persistent, ovate, sometimes
bifid, -75 to 1 in. long, and about -4 in. broad. Cyme usually solitary,
corymbose, trichotomous, terminal, on a short peduncle, bracteate at the
base, about 2 to 3 in. in diam. ; its branches puberulous, bracts and brac-
teoles triangular. Flowers -15 in. long, on short pedicels, clustered in
dense, cymose, capituliform cymes at the ends of the ultimate branches.
Calyx campanulate, with 5 broad pubescent lobes, the tube glabrous.
Corolla longer than the calyx, widely campanulate, 4- or 5-toothed.
_ Fruit ellipsoid, sub-compressed, 10-ridged, crowned by the small calyx,
‘3 in. long, and -15 in. in diam. Seed dorsally 5-ridged, ventrally con-
cave, with one central ridge. Wall. Cat. 8329; DC. Prod. IV. 519;
Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 167.

2

18 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

Penane: Wallich 8329; Curtis 732. Trane: Kunstler 1382.
PaHane: Ridley 2216. Prrax: Ridley 2918; King’s ' Collector,
1357, 13882; Wray 3440; Scortechini 278, 307, 558, 692.—DistTRIB.
Sumatra.

24. PsycHorria Curtis, n. sp., King & Gamble. A shrub, 6
feet high; young branches thinner than a goose-quill, rusty-pubes-
cent. Leaves elliptic, sometimes somewhat obovate, tapering equally
to each end, shortly acuminate, the base cuneate ; both surfaces oliva-
ceous-brown when dry, the upper glabrous or with a few hairs on the
midrib near the base, the lower rusty-puberulous between the 9 or 10
pairs of bold, shortly and densely rusty-pubescent curved ascending
main-nerves ; length 5 to 8 in.; breadth 1-5 to 3 in.; petioles ‘6 in.,
densely rusty-pubescent. Stipules caducous. Cyme solitary, terminal,
3-branched, on a pubescent peduncle from ‘3 to ‘6 in. long (much
longer in fruit), branches bearing 3 to 5 sessile flowers in capitula at
their apices; bracteoles linear. Flowers -25 in. long, rusty-pubescent.
Calyx half-superior, campanulate, the mouth with 5 long, spreading,
ovate-acuminate lobes. Corolla longer than the calyx, salver-shaped,
with 5 oblong lobes. F'rwit ovoid, tapering to the apex, crowned by
the long lobes of the calyx, the sides puberulous, 10-ridged. Seeds
with 4 ridges on the dorsal surface, the ventral plane.

PENANG: Curtis 2695.

25. PSYCHOTRIA RHINOCEROTIS, Reinw. ex Blume Bijdr. 961. A
shrub ; young branches thinner than a goose-quill, at first rusty-tomen-
tose, afterwards glabrescent and pale brown. Leaves coriaceous,
obovate-oblong or obovate-oblanceolate, the apex broad, but usually
with a small abrupt apiculus, the base cuneate; upper surface oliva-
ceous, glabrous, the lower brown and softly and finely rusty-pubescent ;
the midrib broad, more prominent on the upper than on the lower
surface; main-nerves 10 to 14 pairs, slightly curved, oblique, distinct on
both surfaces ; length 3 to 5 in.; breadth 1:35 to 2:5 in. ; petiole -2 to °6
in., stout. Panicle solitary, terminal, 1°5 in. long and slightly wider ;
branches few, lax, divaricate, cymosely few-flowered. rwit elliptic-
ovoid, slightly compressed, with 10 vertical grooves (2 of them
double), crowned by the rather broad, bluntly 5-toothed calyx,
acutely 10-ridged (2 ridges double), pubescent between the ridges;
length -25 in.; breadth ‘2 in. Seeds dorsally 4-ridged, ventral surface
plane. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. III. 292; DC. Prod. IV. 521; Korth.
Kruidk. p. 242.

Perak: King’s Collector 8272 ; Scortechini.

26. PsycHOTRIA MALAYANA, Jack in Mal. Mise. I. 3; reprinted in
Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. IV. (1843), p. 26. A shrub; young branches

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 19

rather thinner than a goose-quill, sub-terete, glabrous, rather pale
brown when dry. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic or broadly elliptic-lan-
ceolate, shortly and abruptly acuminate, much narrowed to the base;
upper surfaces glabrous, brown, shining when dry, the lower dull and
sparsely pubescent, often tinged reddish, the edges slightly recurved ;
main-nerves 12 to 18 pairs, ascending, little curved, bold on the lower
surface and faint on the upper; length 5 to 10 in.; breadth 2°5 to
45 in.; petioles -4 to 15 in. Stipules broadly ovate, blunt, about
*35 in. long. Cyme terminal, on an angled, sub-compressed peduncle
-*d to 1 in. long (lengthening in fruit), the branches corymbose, whorled,
many-flowered ; ultimate cymules 3-flowered. Flowers ‘5 in. long,
2 on each cymule, on short pedicels (the middle one sessile), minutely
bracteolate at the base. Calyx under ‘1 in. long, tubular, the truncate
mouth minutely 5-toothed. Corolla tubular, -4 in. long, with 5 oblong
sub-acute lobes ; the throat villous inside. Fruit -4 in. long and °3 in.
in diam., elliptic-ovoid, vertically 10-ridged, the apex with very slight
remains of the calyx. Seeds faintly 4-ridged on the dorsal, the
ventral surface plane with a faint central groove. DC. Prod. IV. 520.
P. auwrantiaca, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind., ed. Carey & Wall., IT. 165;
Blume Bijdr. 962; Wall. Cat. 8335. Grumelia aurantiaca and
Chasaha expansa, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 296 and 281.

SrneGAPpore: fizdley 6468, 8422; Hullett 904. Panana: Ridley
2197. Perak: King’s Collector 6327, 7168; Wray 2956; Scortechina
307.—Distrip. Borneo, Java.

The corolla of this is larger than that of any other Malayan species of Psychotria,
being about -4 in. long when dry.

Species ImperFectty Known.

27. PsycHotria WRrayI, n. sp., King & Gamble. A small shrub,
glabrous except the inflorescence ; young branches as thick as a swan’s-
quill, terete, dark-coloured when dry. Leaves coriaceous, oblanceolate-
elliptic, shortly acuminate, gradually narrowed from about the middle
to the short, partially winged petiole; both surfaces dark olivaceous-
brown when dry, the midrib rather prominent; main-nerves 13 to 15
pairs, oblique, almost straight, thin but pale and rather distinct on the
lower surface, indistinct on the upper; length 6 or 7in.; breadth 2 to
2°5 in.; petiole about -5 in., winged above. Stipules broadly ovate,
sub-acute, the edges coarsely ciliate, 5 in. long. Cymes terminal, on
short peduncles, bracteate at the base, umbelliform, widely spreading,
about 4 in. broad and only half as long; the branches 4-angled, sub-
compressed, pubescent, divergent. Flowers crowded at the extremities
of the branchlets, -25 in. long, on short thick pedicels. Calyx deeply

20 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

cupular, with 5 broad, shallow blunt teeth. Corolla much longer than
the calyx, widely tubular; lobes 5, blunt, broadly ovate, reflexed, the
throat with a little short hair. Amnthers 5, narrowly elliptic, blunt, on
short filaments, almost basitixed, exserted by the reflexion of the lobes
of the corolla. Fruit unknown.

Perak: Wray 3959 ; King’s Collector 2755.

28. PsYCHOTRIA INHQUALIS, n. sp., King & Gamble. A small
unbranched shrub; the stem thinner than a goose-quill, deciduously
puberulous, only a foot high, brown when dry. Leaves thickly mem-
branous, those of a pair somewhat unequal in size, elongate-obovate,
the smaller one oblong-elliptic, all abruptly and shortly acuminate, the
base cuneate ; upper surface glabrous, minutely pitted when dry; the
lower with many coarse pale-brown, crisped, flattened hairs on the mid-
rib and nerves, and a few pale appressed hairs on the interspaces ; mid-
rib broad and channelled on both surfaces, as are also the 10 to 13 pairs
of pale ascending, slightly curved main-nerves; length 6 to 10 in.;
breadth 2°5 to 5 in.; petiole ‘5 to -75 in., stout. Stipules narrowly
ovate, acuminate, pubescent, ‘65 in. long. Cyme solitary, terminal, 2 to
3°5 in. long (including the 1 to 2 in. peduncle), pyramidal, everywhere
rusty-puberulous, the branches opposite, many-flowered, and with broad
abruptly acuminate bracts; the lowest pair exceeding 1 in. in length,
reflexed; branchlets divaricate. Flowers :1 in. long, on short stout
pedicels. Calyx small, tubular; its lobes broadly triangular. Corolla
not much longer than the calyx, its lobes linear with moniliform bluish
hairs at their bases and on the throat. Fruit unknown.

PERAK: Scortechim 279.

29. PsycHOTRIA CONDENSA, n. sp., King & Gamble. A small
woody shrub ; young branches half as thick as a goose-quill, the nodes
close together and slightly thickened, the internodes striate, at first
scurfy-puberulous but afterwards glabrous. Leaves coriaceous, nar-
rowly elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, the base cuneate ;
upper surface when dry very dark brown, the lower paler and tinged
with olivaceous, the midrib prominent and pale; the 5 or 6 pairs of
oblique main-nerves visible beneath but not above; length 1 to 1-25 in. ;
breadth 3 to ‘5 in.; petiole 05 in. Stepules broadly triangular, acumi-
nate, nearly ‘1 in. long. OUmbel cymose, 3-branched, terminal, shorter
than the leaves; each branch with 3 unequally pedicillate flowers.
Flowers not seen. Fruit globular-ovoid, with 2 prominent furrowed
vertical ridges and several obscure ones between them, crowned by the
5-toothed calyx; length -2 in.; breadth -15 in. Seeds with one pro-
minent dorsal ridge, ventral surface flat.

Perak: Scortechin.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 21

Order LX. VALERIANE/L,

Herbaceous (as regards the Indo-Malayan species). Leaves oppo-
site, exstipulate, their bases often connected by an interpetiolar line or
ridge ; entire, pinnatifid or pinnate. lowes sessile, in cymes, usually
hermaphrodite but sometimes polygamous or dicecious, bracteate.
Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, the limb in the flower small, in the
fruit often enlarged or pappose. Corolla superior, gamopetalous, its
tube cylindric or gibbous or spurred at the base; the limb with 3 to 5
imbricate lobes, often irregular. Stamens 1 to 4, on the tube, usually
exserted. Ovary inferior with a single perfect, l-ovuled cell, and 2
barren empty cells; style filiform ; stigma 2- or 3-lobed or entire ; ovule
in the fertile cell pendulous from the apex of the loculus. frat inde-
hiscent, dry, 1l-seeded, the 2 barren cells enlarged or represented by
narrow ridges. Seed pendulous, with very little or no albumen ;
embryo straight, radicle superior.—Distris. About 350 species, in
temperate climates; generally diffused, but absent from Australia and
South Africa. :

VALERIANA, Linn.

Perennial herbs. Leaves entire, pinnatifid or pinnate, the radical
often undivided and with long petioles. Flowers in cymes, corymbosely
paniculate ; bracts small, oblong or linear, free or nearly so, persistent.
Calyz-limb in flower obsolete, in fruit developing into a ring of from
5 to 15 feathery bristles, united at their bases into a short funnel-shaped
tube. Corolla-tube funnel-shaped, its base often sub-gibbous; limb
with 5 spreading lobes, both tube and limb pink or white. Stamens 3.
Ovary 3-celled, only 1 cell containing 1 ovule; stigma sub-entire or
shortly 3-fid. Fruit oblong, plano-convex, with 6 ribs, 1-celled; the
2 barren cells obsolete, crowned by the persistent pappose calyx.
—Distrris. About 180 species in moist temperate regions.

VALERIANA Harpwicki, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind., ed. Carey &
Wall. I. 166. oot fibrous. Stem erect, 1 to 3 feet high, pubescent
below, mostly glabrous upwards but pilose or barbate at the nodes.
Radical leaves ovate, acute, on long petioles; stem leaves unequally
pinnatifid, the segments 3 to 5, the upper the longest, all lanceolate or
ovate-lanceolate and irregularly toothed. Pamicles lax, often as much
as a foot long, the branches dichotomous, with small subulate bracteoles
at the forks; fruit hairy. Wall. Cat. 432, Pl. As. Rar. 39, t. 263;
Don Prod. Fl. Nep. 159; DC. Prod. IV. 640; Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl.
Br. Ind. IIT. 213. V. Hardwickiana, Roem. & Schult., Syst. I., Mant.
259. V. tenera, Wall. Cat. 435; DC. Mem. Valer. 16; Prod. IV. 640.

22 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

V. elata, Don Prodr. 159. V. javanica, Blume Bijdr. 919. V. acwmi-
nata, Royle Ill. Him. Bot. 241.

At high elevations on the central ridge in Perak, this is said to occur, but I have:
seen no specimens.

Order LXI. COMPOSITA.

Herbs or shrubs, sometimes scandent, rarely trees. Leaves alter-
nate, rarely opposite or whorled; simple or sometimes compound
exstipulate. Florets numerous, small, aggregated in centripetal heads,
sessile on the dilated top of the peduncle (receptacle); the heads sur-
rounded by an involucre of 1- or more-seriate, free or connate bracts ;
bracteoles none or reduced to paleate scales or bristles on the recep-
tacle ; individual florets all tubular (head discoid), or the outer or all
ligulate (head rayed) ; all bi-sexual or the inner bi-sexual or male, the
outer female or neuter; sometimes dicecious. Sepals connate in a
calyx-tube, adnate to the ovary; lmb none, or composed of hairs
(pappus) or scales. Petals connate in a corolla of two forms: (a)
tubular or campanulate, with 4—5-lobed limb ; lobes valvate with mar-
ginal nerves; (0) ligulate with lobes elongated and connate in a strap-
shaped or elliptic ligule. Disk epigynous. Stamens 4-5, inserted
within the corolla-tube; filaments usually free; anthers basifixed,
usually connate (syngenesious); connective produced upwards; cells.
simple or tailed at the base; pollen sub-globose, rough. Parsi] an
inferior 1-celled ovary ; ovule solitary, basal, erect, anatropous, nucleus.
with one coat; style slender, normally 2-fid; the arms (sometimes)
connate, linear or sub-terete, naked or pubescent externally or tipped
by pubescent cones ; the margins stigmatic. Frwt a dry indehiscent
achene (cypsela). Seed erect; testa membranous; albumen none;
embryo straight; cotyledons plano-convex; radicle short.—DistTRIB.
Universal; genera about 1,000; species about 8,000.

Corollas of all the florets either tubular to near the mouth or the
marginal row ligulate; style-arms long, distinct, or very short,
or the style sub-entire in the sterile florets of heads with hetero-
gamous florets; stems sometimes woody; leaves alternate or
opposite ; sap never milky :—
Florets red, purple, or white, never yellow; all similar (homo-
gamous) and tubular, or rarely (Hlephantopus) cleft laterally ;
involucre of bracts always more than 1-seriate; pappus pre-
sent, usually setaceous, receptacle naked or rarely (Ageratum)
paleaceous :—
Anthers cleft at the base and appendiculate at the apex;
style-arms subulate, hairy ; leaves alternate (Vernoniee) :—
Heads distinct, many-flowered; pappus long, copious,
cypselas ribbed... ae a0 .. 1, VERNONIA.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Heads 1- or few-flowered, crowded into dense clusters
resembling single heads; pappus chatty
Anthers sub-entire at the base, either truncate or wopandien:
late at the apex; leaves opposite at any rate below
(Eupatoriee) :—
Anthers truncate at the apex
Anthers appendiculate at the apex :—
Pappus paleaceous, receptacle sometimes paleaceous ..
Pappus of slender hairs; receptacle always naked ;
bracts of involucre 4 with sometimes a small outer
one; scandent ac
Florets, if homogamous and tubular, eeilowe 5 thi Heieroeamione:
at least those of the disk yellow; or if none of the florets
yellow (Zmilia) then with the bracts of the involucre 1-seriate
Anthers appendiculate at the apex (Asteroidee) :—
Receptacle naked, smooth, or pitted; sometimes, when
pitted, the edge of the pit fimbriate :—
Bracts of involucre in two rows :—
Anthers sub-entire at the base; florets all tubular,
those of the disk purple, of the ray filiform, yellowish
or white; pappus none or of 2 bristles; heads small
in lax panicled cymes, bracts of involucre in two
series; erect herbs ke F
Bracts of the involucre many-seriate, leaves alter-
nate :—
Anthers obtuse and entire at the base; florets of disk
tubular with wide limb; those of the ray filiform-
tubular or tubular only at the base, expanding into
small yellowish ligules; pappus copious and silky;
heads in dense corymbose panicles ; climbers
Anthers cleft at the base; style-arms of hermaphro-
_ dite flower filiform, linear, or obtuse, or those of the
sterile flowers undivided (Inwloidee) :—
Flower-heads medium-sized; separate, solitary, or
in corymbose or paniculate cymes, not in globose
clusters, if clustered the cypselas with copious soft
pappus :—
Herbs; bracts of involucre narrow ; flowers not
corymbose :—
Anther-cells tailed at the base, the tails of
adjacent anthers confluent
Anther-cells sagittate at the base, not failed
or connate.. oe -
Shrubs; bracts of involucre broads Hower
corymbose ..
Flower-heads small, Mustered in dence Craton or
globose masses ; herbs with winged stems; pappus
none a .
Bracts.of the involucre 1- dorintey sub- sans free or
united, with sometimes a few short outer bractlets

23

2. ELEPHANTOPUS.

3. ADENOSTEMMA,

4, AGERATUM.

5. MIKantia.

6. DICHROCEPHALA.

7. MiIcROGLOSSA.

8. BLuMEA.

9. LAGGERA.

. 10. PLucHEA.

. 11. SPH#RANTHUS.

24

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

(calyculus) at their bases ; heads homogamous; anther-
cells sub-entire at the base; receptacle naked (Sene-
cionid@) :—
Leaves alternate; pappus of fine hairs, style-arms of
hermaphrodite flowers truncate or obtuse, penicillate
or with a hairy tip :—

Heads ebracteate ; florets purple a6
Heads bracteolate ; florets yellow
Receptacles paleaceous; anthers sub-entire at the ase
bracts of involucre 1- to many-seriate; heads usually
radiate, heterogamous ; style-arms truncate or appendicu-
late, or those of the sterile florets entire; pappus of 2 to
4 arms or paleaceous or absent; leaves at the base of the
stem usually opposite, those higher up opposite or alter-

nate (Helianthoidee) :—

Pappus of only 4 bristly awns, or cup-like or absent :—
Cypselas all thick, or those of the ray-florets 3-angled
and those of the disc laterally compressed ; pappus
cup-like or composed of 2 to 3 stiff chaffy or bristly
arms, with or without intermediate smaller scales or
altogether absent; leaves usually opposite :—

Inner bracts of the involucre embracing and en-
closing the cypselas of the fertile ray-florets ;
pappus absent, outer bracts of involucre 5, glan-
dular
Inner bracts of the iamelmere all fiat, scales of
receptacle flat, very narrow, usually few; disk-
florets 4—-5-fid, ligules small; pappus absent, or
if present shortly 2-awned; outer bracts of invo-
lucre numerous 0
Scales of the reoeniacloe concave or “competed
more or less enclosing and embracing the disk
florets :—
Cypselas not winged, compressed or 3-5-angled,
ray-florets yellow with large ligules; disk-cyp-
selas with 1 or 2 short deciduous awns; leaves
all opposite ..
Cypselas of the disk- fonts eto winged on
the margins, laterally compressed ; heads small;
leaves always opposite
Cypselas more or less depressed from the fer pupae
of 2 (rarely 3 or 4) bristles or absent :—
Outer bracts of the involucre almost equal; herba-
ceous; inner bracts separate, almost resembling
the scales of the receptacle; ray-florets fertile;
leaves opposite :—

Cypselas flat, their margins lacerate and winged ;
. 18. SYNEDRELLA.

pappus composed of bristles
Outer bracts of the involucre few, small; inner
bracts connate below, membranous :—

. 12. Ewrta.
. 13. GyNURA.

. 14. SreGESBECEIA.

15. Ecurpta.

. 16. WEDELTA.

. 17. SPILANTHES.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 25

Cypselas not beaked; leaves opposite, simple to

pinnatisect .. .. 19. BIDENs.
Pappus of membranous sealee? heads eaaiate leaves
opposite :—
Scales of pappus feathery, one Nis heads medium-
sized . : -- 20. Triax.

Anthers a pearilicnlate at the apex; deenaiarle (in our
species) not paleaceous; pappus absent or reduced to a
raised rim, rarely scaly and short; leaves usually alter-
nate (Anthemidee) :-—
Flower-heads discoid, heterogamous ; pappus absent :—
Florets of the circumference very numerous; cypselas
flat or concave at the top; flower-heads globose or
hemispheric, sub-sessile ; bracts of involucre in 2 series,
spreading in fruit .. .. 21. CENTIPEDA.
Florets of the circumference pone heads very small, in
racemes or panicles; cypselas ellipsoid or obovoid,
rounded at the apex a: .. 22. ARTEMISIA.
Corollas of all the florets flatly expanited from a tubular base,
ligulate, their apices 5-toothed; leaves radical or cauline and
alternate, never opposite; stem always herbaceous, fistulose ;
sap milky (Cichoriee) :—
Pappus of simple hair-like bristles, at least in the central
florets; florets yellow, eypselas fusiform or oblong, with
glabrous or puberulous ribs 56 oe .. 23, CrEpis.

Norre.—The above key is taken mainly from ‘‘ Bengal Plants,” by Lieut.-Col. D.
Prain, F.R.S., Superintendent, Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta.

1. VeRNonrIA, Schreb.

Herbs, shrubs, climbers or small trees. Leaves alternate, penni-
nerved, entire or dentate. Heads axillary or terminal, solitary or in
cymes or panicles, homogamous; flowers often few, but very rarely
solitary. Involucre ovoid, globose or hemispheric, as long as or shorter
than the flowers; bracts in many series, the inner longest. Receptacle
naked or pitted, sometimes with short hairs. Corollas all equal, tubular,
slender; lobes 5, narrow. Anther-bases obtuse, sagittate. Style-arms
subulate, acute, hairy. Cypselas striate, ribbed or angled, rarely terete,
truncate at the apex; pappus of many hairs, usually in two rows, the
inner hairs thin and slender, the outer sometimes stout and com-
pressed, persistent or deciduous.—Distris. About 500 species, mostly
American.

A large shrub or small tree ; leaves sub-coriaceous ; involucral bracts
obtuse oe Z nt .. 1. V. arborea.
Herbaceous annuals ; Genes svenibeainous ; avelucedt bracts acumi-
nate :—
Heads few, °35 in. in diam., in long-peduncled cymes.. .. 2. V. chinensis.

26 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Heads numerous, ‘2 to ‘25 in. in diam., in loose terminal corym-
bose cymes ae ve ad Ba .. 3. V. cinerea.

1. VERNONIA ARBOREA, Buch.-Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XIV. 218.
A tree, 30 to 60 feet high; young branches as thick as a goose-quill or
thinner, at first covered, like the under surfaces of the leaves and
branches of the inflorescence, with short rusty tomentum, sometimes
glabrous or glabrescent. Leaves sub-coriaceous, entire, elliptic ovate or
ovate-oblong, acute or shortly acuminate, the base rounded or cuneate ;
upper surface glabrous, or nearly so, except the midrib, the reticulations
minute and distinct; main-nerves 8 to 14 pairs, spreading, interarching,
bold and distinct on the lower surface, more faint on the upper; length
3°5 to 6 in.; breadth 1:75 to 2°75 in.; petioles ‘75 to 1:25 in., pubes-
cent. Heads 2- to 5-flowered, collected in large open terminal panicles
much longer than the leaves. Jnvolucral bracts few, small, oblong,
obtuse, less than half as long as the flowers, pubescent, concave, per-
sistent. Corolla glabrous, bluish. Cypselas not conspicuously ribbed,
short, truncate ; pappus in a single row, tuberculate, white tinged with
ochraceous, persistent. DC. Prod. V. 22; Kurz For. Fl. Burm. II. 80;
Clarke Comp. Ind. 23; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 239. Vernonia
javanica, Blumeana and celebica, DC. lc. 21, 22; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.
II. 9, 10. Hupatorwwm celebicwum and javanicum, Blume Bijdr. 903.
Conyza acuminata and arborea, Wall. Cat. 30344 and 3074.

Matacca: Griffith. Stncapore: Lobb; Ridley 2735, 2739, 9478 ;
Maingay (K.D.) 948, 949, 950. Prnanea: Curtis 2,926. Nercri Szemu-
BILAN: fizdley 10087. Snuanaor: Ridley. Perak: Wray 2240, 2442;
King’s Collector, many Numbers; Scortechim.—Distris. Ceylon,
Malay Archipelago, Philippines, China.

2. VERNONIA CHINENSIS, Less. in Linnea, VI. 674. An erect annual
with divaricate, softly puberulous to tomentose, angled branches. Leaves
alternate, sessile or petiolate, membranous, ovate elliptic elliptic-lan-
ceolate or oblanceolate, narrowed at the base, sub-serrate or entire.
Heads few, :35 in. in diam., in lax, few-branched, axillary and terminal,
open puberulous cymes, on slender peduncles longer than the leaves:
15- to 30-flowered. Involucral bracts not numerous, lanceolate, awned
or acute, usually at first pubescent outside, inside glabrous, shining,
1-nerved; longer than the glabrous or glabrescent corollas. Cypselas
less than 1 in. long, 4- or 5-ribbed, glabrous. Pappus scanty, white.
Clarke Comp. Ind. 78; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 235. V. albicans,
DC. in Wight Contrib. 6; Prod. V. 26 (in part). Cyanopis pubescens
and C. villosa, DC. Prod. V. 69. Conyza chinensis, Lamk. Dict. II. 83
(not of Linn.). C. punctulata, Wall. Cat. 2995. Hupatorvwm menthe-
folium, Wall. Cat. Cynanthilliwm villosum and C. pubescens, Blume.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 27

Bijdr. 889 and 890. Centratherwm chinense, Less. in Linnea (1829)
320. Synanthera, Wall. Cat. 7136.

Penana: J. Scott; Curtis 931; King; Deschamps ; Matacca:
Cuming; Griffith; Hullett 634. Sinaarore: King.—Distrip. Malay
Archipelago, Philippines.

3. VERNONIA CINEREA, Less. in Linnea, IV. 291, and VI. 673.
Herbaceous, erect, 6 to 18 in. high, with more or less minute whitish
pubescence everywhere ; stems slender, striate. Leaves membranous
with variable petioles, ovate or lanceolate, sometimes obovate or oblan-
ceolate, the apex obtuse or acute, the edges obtusely or acutely toothed,
the base narrowed, both surfaces olivaceous-cinereous when dry, the
upper glabrous or nearly so, the lower more or less cinereous-pubes-
cent ; length 1:5 to 3 in.; breadth ‘3 to ‘5 in.; petiole -1 to ‘5 in. (in
the lower leaves). Heads :2 to ‘25 in. in diam., on 10- to 20-flowered,
loose, terminal, long-peduncled, corymbose cymes with divaricate
branches ; bracts of peduncle very few. Jnvolucral scales linear-lan-
ceolate, acuminate or almost awned, shorter than the florets, 1-nerved,
‘1 in. long, densely pubescent. Corolla pubescent, the tube very narrow
lavender. Cypselas minute; pappus copious, dirty white, the outer row
very short. DC. Prod. V. 24, in Wight Contrib. 6; Wall. Cat. 3008 ;
Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 234; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IJ. 11; Prain
Bengal Plants, 590. V. conyzoides, DC. in Wight Contrib. 6; Prod.
V. 25. V. rhomboidea and V. montana, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soe.
XX. 62. V. albicans, DC. in Wight Contrib. 6 (im part); Wight
Ic. 1076. V. abbreviata and leptophylla, DC. le. 25. V. laxiflora,
Less. in Linnea, VI. 646; DC. le. 25. V. physalifolia, DC. in
Wight Contrib. 6; Prod. Fl. Pen. Ind. Or. 24. V. parviflora, lincfolia,
and fasciculata, Reinw. in Bl. Bijdr. 893. V. Zollingeriana, Schultz-
Bip. in Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 16. V. cyanonioides, Walp. in Linnea
XIV. 509. Conyza abbreviata, Wall. Cat. 3048; C. bellidifolia, id.
3047; cinerascens, 3062; incana, 3046; lincfolia, 3063; elegantula, 3049 ;
ovata, 3097, and swb-simplex, 3003. OC. cinerea, Linn. Sp. Pl. 862;
Wall. Cat. 3008. C. prolefera and C. heterophylla, Lam. Encyl. II. 84.
Serratula cinerea, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 60. Chrysocoma purpurea, Forst.
Prod. 54. C. violacea, Schum. Pl. Guin. 384. Cyanopis decurrens,
Zoll.

In all the provinces, in waste places near cultivation.—DIstTRIB.
All tropical countries.

2. ELEPHANTOPUS, Linn.

Perennial rigid herbs. Leaves alternate, sessile, penninerved, entire
or dentate, mostly radical. Heads homogamous, each containing 1 to 5

28 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

flowers, and collected into ovoid or globose clusters, surrounded by
several large leafy bracts. Involucre-proper compressed, its component
bracts oblong, acute, about 8, dry, stiff, unequal, alternately flat and
conduplicate; receptacle naked. Flowers all equally 4-lobed, and cleft
on one side, and with the lobes spreading in a somewhat palmate
manner. Anthers obtusely sagittate at the base. Style-arms subulate.
Cypselas truncate, 10-ribbed; bristles of pappus few, rigid, shining,
slender and dilated below or chaffy.—Distrrs. 10 or 12 species,
chiefly tropical American—one cosmopolitan.

ELEPHANTOPUS SCABER, Linn. Sp. Pl., 814. Stems dichotomous,
from a few inches to 2 feet high, terete, finely strigose. Leaves
membranous, the radical ones obovate, oblong to elliptic-oblong, taper-
ing to the short petiole, the edges dentate or crenate, up to 6 in. in
length and 1:25 to 2:5 in. broad; the cauline few, smaller, sessile, both
sets scabrid on the upper surface and finely strigose on the lower;
main-nerves 6 to 8 pairs in the cauline, more numerous in the radical
leaves, all slightly prominent on the lower surface. Collective heads
hemispheric, -5 to ‘75 in. in diam., solitary, terminal, on long peduncles.
Bracts of the conjoined heads 3, leaf-like, about °5 in. broad, broadly
ovate or reniform, apiculate, nervose and pubescent behind ; bracts of
the involucre-proper shining, glabrous ; pappus of 5 shining tuberculate
bristles, dilated at the base. Wall. Cat. 2979; DC. Prod. V. 86; Roxb.
Fl. Ind. III. 445; Don Prod. 169; Wight Ic. 1086; Clarke Comp.
Ind. 28; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 242; Prain Bengal Plants, 590.

In all the provinces, in cultivated places.—Distris. In most tropical
countries.

3. ADENOSTEMMA, Forst.

Herbs, glandular-pubescent or glabrous. Leaves mostly opposite,
petiolate. Heads homogamous, in lax corymbose cymes; involucre
campanulate ; its bracts numerous, sub-2-seriate, narrow, herbaceous,
sometimes connate ; receptacle flat, naked. Corollas all equal, tubular,
regular, with short tube and campanulate 5-toothed limb. Anthers
truncate, with glandular apiculus, their bases obtuse. Style-arms
elongate, dilated near the apex. Cypselas obtuse, 5-ribbed, glandular ;
pappus of 3 to 5 short rigid, often clavate hairs, joined at their bases
by a narrow ring—Distrip. Species 5 or 6 American, 1 cosmopolitan.

ADENOSTEMMA viscosum, Forst. Char. Gen. 20. An erect, rarely —
decumbent annual, slender or robust, glabrous; pubescent or viscidly
pubescent. Leaves membranous, sessile or petiolate, opposite or the
upper alternate, from linear to broadly ovate, acute sub-acute cuneate
or cordate at the base, the edges serrate crenate or entire, the upper
surface usually smooth but sometimes rugose ; length from 2 to 6 in. ;

Flora of the Malayan Pennsula. 29

petioles varying in length. Heads ‘3 to ‘4 in. in diam., in lax corym-
bose, pedunculate cymes. IJnvolucral bracts oblong, obtuse or acute,
glabrous, glandular or scabrid. Corollas white, pubescent near the
mouth, styles much exserted, the arms clavate. Cypselas usually
warted, crowned by a glandular ring, bearing pedicellate lobed glands.
DC. Prod. V. 111; Clarke Comp. Ind. 28; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III.
242; Prain Bengal Plants, 591.

In all the provinces, but not abundant in any of them.—DisrTr1B.
The tropics generally.

In the Flora of British India, III. 242, Sir Joseph Hooker recognises seven varieties
of this widely distributed and variable species. And to one or other of these he
reduces the following eleven species of De Candolle: A. fastigiatum, DC. Prod. V. 111,
A. leiocarpum, A. Roylei, A. elatum, A. latifolium, l.c. p. 112, A. macrophyllum, A.
parviflorum, A. reticulatum, A. viscosum, A. madurense, A. erectum, l.c.p. 113. He
also reduces here the following: Ageratwm aquaticum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 415; A.
strictum, Bot. Mag. t. 2410; Lavenia fastigiata, macrophylla and parviflora, Blume
Bijdr. pp. 905 and 906; and the following Nos. of the Wallichian Catalogue, viz.,
Lavenia erecta, 3218; carnosa, 3219; alba, 3220; rugosa, 3221; viscida, 3222.

4, Acrratum, Linn.

Hrect herbs. Leaves opposite in the lower part of the stem, alter-
nate inthe upper. Heads in panicles or corymbs, homogamous. Invo-
lucre narrowly campanulate; its bracts in 2 or 3 series, linear, subequal ;
receptacle convex, naked or with deciduous scales. Corollas all tubular,
equal, regular, the limb 5-cleft. Anthers with slight apical appendages,
their bases obtuse. Style-arms elongate, obtuse. Cypselas 5-angled ;
pappus of 5 short, free or connate scales, or of 10 to 20 narrow, unequal
scales.—DistRis. About 20 species, all probably American, several
introduced in the Tropics of the Old World.

AGERATUM CONYZOIDES, Linn. Sp. Pl. 839. Annual, 1 to 2
feet high, everywhere with sparse white, rather soft pubescence.
Leaves membranous, ovate, sub-acute, the base broad and sub-truncate,
sometimes cuneate ; the edges coarsely crenate or dentate; both sur-
faces greenish when dry, the upper sparsely hispid ; the lower glabrous,
boldly reticulate; main-nerves about 2 or 3 pairs, ascending, curved,
the lower one branching; length 1 to 3°5 in. Heads -25 in. in diam.,
in terminal or axillary corymbose cymes. Jnvolucral bracts shorter
than the flowers, narrowly lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved, puberulous.
Corollas pale blue or white. Cypselas black; pappus of 5 shining,
spreading scales, with broad, often serrate bases. DC. Prod. V. 108 ;
Clarke Comp. Ind. 30; Wall. Cat. 3176; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III.
243; Prain Bengal Plants, 591. A. cordifoliwm, Roxb. Fl. Ind. III.
415; Wall. Cat. 3177.

30 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

In all the provinces, in cultivated places—Distris. The tropics
generally.

5. Mrxanta, Willd.

A twining herb (in Indo-Malaya). Leaves opposite, petiolate. Heads
small, in spikes racemes or panicles, homogamous, usually 4-flowered.
Inwolucre oblong, its bracts 4, narrow, sometimes with a small outer
one; receptacle small, naked. Corollas all equal, regular, tubular, the
tube narrow; the limb campanulate, 5-fid. Anthers appendiculate, the
base obtuse. Style-arms long, acute. Cypselas with truncate apices,
5-angled; pappus with one or more rows of scabrid hairs, often con-
nate at the base.—DistRip. About 60 species, all in the warm parts of
America and Africa except the following.

MIKANIA SCANDENS, Willd. Sp. Pl. 1743. A glabrous or puberulous
climber ; young branches less than half as thick as a goose-quill, brown
and striate when dry. Leaves membranous, on long petioles, ovate,
acuminate ; the base broad, cordate, often almost sagittate, the edges
sinuate; main-nerves a single pair, ascending from the base and
branching outwards ; length 1 to 2 in.; breadth ‘6 to 1:25 in. ; petioles
‘5 to 1 in., slender. Heads narrow, 4-flowered, in lax corymbose cymes,
on slender peduncles much longer than the leaves, peduncles and
branches angled when dry, puberulous. Scales of involucre chaffy,
narrowly oblong, obtuse. Cypselas glabrous; pappus reddish. DC.
Prod. V. 199; Clarke Comp. Ind. 34; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III.
244; Prain Bengal Plants, 592. M. volubilis and M. chenopodifolia,
Willd. Le. 1745; DC. 1e¢.199 and 201. Hupatortwm scandens, Linn. ;
Jacq. Ic. t. 169.

In all the provinces, common.—Distris. British India, Malay
Archipelago, Tropical Africa.

6. DiIcHROCEPHALA, DC.

Annuals, with alternate toothed lyrate or pinnatifid leaves. Heads
small, heterogamous, globose or hemispheric, not rayed, in panicles;
Outer florets 2, in many rows, slender, fertile, rigid, 2-3-toothed or
cleft. Disk-florets 3, fertile, narrow, 4- or 5-toothed. Anthers with
truncate bases. Style-arms of % florets short, flattened, the tips
lanceolate ; pappus none or (in the 8 ) of 2 minute bristles.—DrstTRis.
Species 5, Asiatic and African.

DICHROCEPHALA LATIFOLIA, DC. in Guill. Archiv. Bot. II. 518. An
annual weed, 12 to 24 in. high, erect or spreading, glabrous pubescent
or villous. Leaves. very variable, ovate lanceolate or obovate, entire
pinnatifid or lyrate, with the terminal lobe broadly ovate and coarsely

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 31

toothed ; length 1 to 4 in.; petioles -25 to 1:25 in. Heads about :15 in.
in diam., globose, on pedicels many times longer than themselves,
in lax, few-branched, cymose panicles. ay-florets ¢@, filiform,
obscurely 2-3-toothed, white. Dvisk-florets %, 4-cleft, yellow. Cypselas
very small, smooth, with a callous margin, and often with 2 small
pact Oe. in Wieht) ‘Contrib, 11) Prod. VW. 372); Wight Te
1096=) Clarke Comp. Ind. 36; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. TIT. 245. D.
gracilis and D. sonchifola, DC. lc. 371, 3872. Cotula sinapifolia,
Roxb. Hort. Beng. 63, Fl. Ind. III. 437; Wall. Cat. 3237. C. bicolor,
Roth Cat. Bot. II. 116. C. latifolia, Pers. Syn. II. 464. Grangea
latifolia, Lam. Ill. t. 699. Hippia bicolor, Smith in Rees Cyclop.
XVIII. Hihulsa wtegrifolia, Don Prodr. 182.

Perak: Scortechint.cDistrip. British India, tropical and sub-
tropical Asia and Africa.

7. Microatossa, DC.

Slender shrubs, often scandent. Leaves alternate, entire. Heads
small, heterogamous, collected in large corymbose panicles. Hay-florets
? , in 1 or more series, fertile, the ligule minute, white. Disk-florets few
or many, %, fertile, tubular, with dilated 3- to 4-fid limb. IJnvolucre
campanulate, composed of several series of narrow bracts, the outer
shorter. eceptacle flat, naked or nearly so. Corolla, the ligulate or
ray ones narrow, about as long as the style; those of the disk (the
tubular) longer. Anthers with obtuse bases, entire. Style-arms of the
$ flattened ; their tips long, lanceolate. Cypselas angled ; pappus hairs
numerous, slender, silky, in one or two series, somewhat unequal.—
Distris. About 6 species, Asiatic and African.

MicroGnossa vonusitis, DC. Prod. V. 320. A sub-scandent shrub;
branches half as thick as a goose-quill, ridged, glabrous. Leaves mem-
branous, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, the base cuneate or rounded, the
edges obscurely toothed ; both surfaces brown when dry, glabrous, the
lower sometimes slightly pubescent; main-nerves 4 or 5 pairs, little
curved, ascending, prominent beneath; length 1:5 to 2 in.; breadth -65
to 1:25 in.; petioles -25 to -4 in., slender. Heads ‘35 in. in diam., on
short peduncles, crowded in dense corymbose terminal cymes, much
longer than the leaves. Cypselas compressed, 4-angled, puberulous ;
pappus copious, reddish, much longer than the minute achenes. Clarke
Comp. Ind. 57; Kurz For. Fl. Burm. IJ. 82; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind.
TIL. 257. Conyza volubilis, Wall. Cat. 3057. Hrigeron pyrifolius,
Benth. Fl. Hongk., 176.

Perak: Frdley 2890; Wray 2472. Prnane: Wallich 3057.
—Distris. British India, Burma, Malay Archipelago, China.

32 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

8. Buumega, DC.

Herbs, annual or perennial, glandular-pubescent or woolly. Leaves
alternate, rarely entire, usually lobed or toothed. Heads in pani-
culate cymes, rarely in racemes, heterogamous, disciform, yellow or
purplish. ay-florets in several series, 2, fertile, filiform, 2- or 3-
toothed. Disk-florets % , few, fertile, with slender tube and 5-toothed
limb. Involucre ovoid or campanulate; its bracts in several rows,
narrow, acute, herbaceous, the outer smaller; receptacle flat, naked.
Anthers with sagittate bases produced into small slender tails. Style-
arms of the hermaphrodite flower flattened or filiform, rarely connate
with the nearest anthers. Cypselas small, sub-terete or angular, with or
without ridges; pappus hairs in a single row, slender, often caducous.
—Distris. About 60 species, in tropical and sub-tropical Asia, Africa,
and Australia.

Scandent ; pappus white ai a ie .. L. B. chinensis.
Large shrub ; pappus red et a af .. 2. B. balsamifera.
Hrect herbs ; pappus white :—

Heads in small sessile clusters of 2 or 3 in the axils of small

bracts on an elongated pseudo-spike .. 3. B. glomerata.

Heads few (1 to 6), in short, axillary, caumlareeal pedanenlure

cymes ; leaves oblanceolate or obovate, dentate but not lobed ;

flowers purple .. : 4. B. Wightiana.

Heads sessile or sub- Senile in lax, senile: benhed leary

cymose panicles; leaves oblanceolate, dentate but not lobed ;

flowers yellow .. : .. Oo. B. lacera.

Heads sessile or sub- cease in amullars) spikes doveral inches

long, arranged in a pseudo-panicle ; leaves oblanceolate, den-

tate and sometimes lobulate ; flowers yellow de .. 6. B. membranacea.

1. BuumEa cHINENSIS, DC. Prod. V. 444. Seandent; young
branches half as thick as a goose-quill, glabrous, much striate and
dark brown when dry. Leaves membranous, elliptic or oblong-elliptic,
acuminate or acute, narrowed to the rounded base, the edges with
remote, narrow, small sharp teeth, or sub-entire ; both surfaces glabrous,
the upper dark-brown and shining, the lower paler and tinged oliva-
ceous ; main-nerves 4 or 5 pairs, curved, ascending, thin but distinct
on the lower surface, faint on the upper; length 2°25 to 3:25 in.;
breadth ‘85 to 1-4 in. ; petiole -2 to 3 in. Heads ‘35 in. across, sessile,
in small pedunculate axillary cymes, 3 in. long, diminishing upwards to
‘75 in. in length ; the peduncles and their branches everywhere pubes-
cent, sometimes a small cyme with 2 to 4 heads in the same axil as a
longer one. Involucral bracts of the outer two series short, ovate-lan-
ceolate, blunt, densely pubescent, those of the inner two twice as long

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 33

(or more), linear-lanceolate, acuminate, puberulous or almost glabrous,
1-nerved, longer than the copious white pappus ; corolla-lobes hairy ;
receptacle and cypselas silky, white. Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. ITT. 268.
Conyza chinensis, Linn. Sp. Pl. 862; Blume Bijdr. 898. B. longispina,
Zoll. et Morr. Syst. Verz. 121. C. serici-vestita, Wall. Cat. 2996s.
Baccharis nitida, Wall. Cat. 3043.

Penane: Curtis 2824; Wallich 2996, 3043. Sincarore: Lidley
2744. Prrax: Scortechim 1471.

Var. riparia, King & Gamble. Young leaves and stems somewhat
hairy; main-nerves of leaves 3 to 4 pairs, depressed on the upper
surface. Blwmea riparia, DC. Prod. V. 444; Clarke Comp. Ind. 85. —
Conyza riparia, Blume Bijdr. 899.

Perak: King’s Collector 1214; Scortechini.—Distris. Java,
Borneo.

2. BLUMEA BALSAMIFERA, DC. Prod. V. 466. A shrub, 6 to 12 feet
high; young branches nearly as thick as a goose-quill, tomentose,
striate. Leaves thickly membranous or sub-coriaceous, elliptic-lanceo-
late, coarsely and unequally serrate dentate or sub-entire, acute or
sub-acute, narrowed at the base; upper surface dark olivaceous-green,
minutely tomentose or strigose, the lower surface with dense silky
cinereous-yellowish tomentum; main-nerves 7 to 10 pairs, curved,
ascending, faint on both surfaces, but especially on the lower; length
2 to 3 in.; breadth °75 to 1-5 in. ; petioles ‘2 to ‘75 in. long, the longer ones
often with lateral auricles; in the lower part of the branches the leaves
often much larger. Heads sub-cylindric, sessile, or on short pedicels,
arranged in large, lax, and spreading or dense, often leafy, corymbose
or panicled, axillary and terminal tawny-tomentose cymes. Involucral
bracts linear, acuminate, densely tomentose ; hermaphrodite florets very
numerous in the centre, narrowly tubular; receptacle naked. Cypselas
10-ribbed, silky ; pappus copious, red. Clarke Comp. Ind. 89; Kurz
For. Fl. Burm. IJ. 82; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 270; Prain Bengal
Plants, 598. Conyza balsamefera, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. IL. 1208; Wall.
Cat. 2998; Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 427. C. vesiita, Wall. Cat. 2998. C.
appendiculata Blume Bijdr. 895 (not of Lam.).

Mauacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3143; Hervey. Prnana: Walker 160;
Scott; Curtes 29. Prax: Scortechin; King’s Collector 6343 ; Wray
1741. Stryeaprore: G. Thomson; Hullett 372; Ridley 2742. JOHORE:
King.—Distris. British India, Malay Archipelago.

Var. angustifolia, King & Gamble. Leaves narrowly oblong, acute
at both ends, less than ‘5 in. broad.

SINGAPORE: Fizdley 2742.

3. BuuMEA GLomERATA, DC. in Wight Contrib. 15. An erect

3

34 ! Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

herb, about 18 to 24 in. high; stem at the base nearly as thick as
a goose-quill, sparsely sub-glandular-pubescent, the hairs spreading.
Leaves membranous, olivaceous, sparsely strigose on both surfaces, the
hairs on the upper surface with bulbous bases; the lower sessile,
lyrately lobed, the lobes dentate, the apex acute; the upper leaves
much smaller, lanceolate, dentate. Heads from *2 to ‘25 in. in diam.,
in small sessile clusters of 2 or 3, all in the axils of small leaf-like
bracts along the long slender branches, forming a pseudo-spike. Jnvo-
lucral bracts narrowly linear, pubescent, 1-nerved ; receptacle glabrous.
Outer florets with very slender corollas. Cypselas faintly 8—10-ribbed,
glabrous; pappus in a single row, white, shining. DC. Prod. V.
443; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 262. B. fasciculata, DC. l.c. 442;
Clarke Comp. Ind. 81. B. fistulosa, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng.
1877, II. 187. B. holosericea, racemosa, spinellosa, gracilis, purpurea,
and leptoclada, DC. l.c. 442, 443. Conyza fistulosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. IIT.
429. Conyza racemosa, sericea, glomerata, gracilis, purpurea and
holosericea, Wall. Cat. 3002, 3021, 3055, 3064, 3076, 3103.

PenanG: Deschamps.—Distris. British India, Malay Archipelago,
China.

4, Buumesa WicutTiana, DC. in Wight Contrib. 14. An erect,
little-branched herb, 1 to 3 feet high, covered everywhere with
silky white, scanty or copious, soft, sub-adpressed hairs ; stem terete,
about as thick as a goose-quill at the base, striate, brown, and nearly
glabrous (from the fall of the hairs) when old. Leaves diminishing in
size from below upwards, thickly membranous, obovate-oblong or
elliptic-obovate, the apex acute or sub-acute, gradually narrowed from
about the middle to the short petiole; the edges with a few irregular
coarse teeth, sometimes slightly lobed ; both surfaces olivaceous-brown
when dry, and clothed, but especially the lower, with adpressed, short
white pubescence ; main-nerves 4 or 5 pairs, curved, ascending, faint
on both surfaces ; length 1:25 to 3 in.; breadth ‘5 to 1:25 in. ; petioles
from ‘1 to 25 in. long or even more, sometimes auricled about the
middle. Heads paniculate, about °3 or -4 in. across, axillary, solitary or
in pairs (reduced cymes), or 4 to 6 in very short rounded axillary cymes
on peduncles of varying length, but always short, the upper few inches
of the stem crowded by a dense mass of cymes. Involucral bracts in
several rows, diminishing in size outwards, the inner linear, somewhat
longer than the pappus, all pubescent and 1-nerved; receptacle naked.
Outer florets very numerous, their corollas very slender. Inner florets
about 4, much wider than the outer. Cypselas small, puberulous ;
pappus in a single row, white. DC. Prod. V. 4385; Clarke Comp.
Ind. 74; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, II. 156 (excl. syn. hymeno-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. ; 35

phylla) ; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 261. B. trichophora, parvifolia,
and phyllostachya, DC. lc. 436, 437, 438. Conyza lactucefolia,
pamculata, brfoliata, and Wightiana, Wall. Cat. 3088 (i part), 3090a,
3091, 3093. Hrigeron molle, Don Prod. 172.

PENANG and SinGAPoRE: By roadsides, not common.—DiIstRIB.
British India and Ceylon, Malay Archipelago, tropical Australia and
Africa.

5. Buumea LAcEeRA, DC. in Wight Contrib. 14. An erect herb,
2 to 3 feet high; stems at the base nearly as thick as a goose-
quill, adpressed-pubescent. Leaves thickly. membranous, oblanceolate
obtuse or sub-acute, much narrowed to the petiole, the edges unequally
and remotely dentate; both surfaces olivaceous when dry, the lower
somewhat the paler and with thin, pale pubescence ; the upper glabrous,
sub-scabrid ; length 1:5 to 2 in.; breadth ‘5 to 1 in.; petiole 3 to ‘5 in.
long. Heads ‘3 in. across, sub-sessile or sessile, in small rounded crowded
cymes, on slender ebracteate axillary peduncles, 1 to 2°5 in. long, sub-
tended by small leaf-like bracts, and occupying the upper half of the
stem. Involucral bracts linear-oblong, tomentose, about as long as the
pappus ; receptacle naked. Heads °4 in. across, sessile or nearly so, in
a lax, shortly-branched, leafy, cymose, pubescent panicle, 12 to 18 in.
long. Involucral bracts nearly uniform, linear, acuminate, 1-nerved,
puberulous, as long as the pappus. eceptacle slightly convex, naked.
Cypselas narrowly oblong, glabrous, not ribbed; pappus in a single
row, white. DC. Prod. V. 486; Clarke Comp. Ind. 76; Hook. fil.
Hisar ind, LT. 268. B. Musra, DC. 1.c. 435; Deless. Ic. Sel. LV.
t. 23. B. villosa, Schultz-Bip. in Pl. Hohenack. n. 2a. Conyza lacera,
Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 428; Wall. Cat. 3082. C. thyrsiflora, villosa, and
Musra, Ham.; Wall. Cat. sub 3082, 3083, 3095. C. lactucrfolia, DC. 1.c.
435; Wall. Cat. 3088 (a part); Burm. Fl. Ind. 180, t. 59, f. 1.

PERAK: Scortechim 141, 1430. Sinearore: Cantley; Hullett 227.
—Disrris. British India, Ceylon, Malay Archipelago, China, tropical
Africa.

6. BLUMEA MEMBRANACEHA, DC. Prod. V. 440. A rigid erect herb,
1 to 2 feet high; stem at the base half as thick as a goose-quill,
minutely pubescent from base to apex, terete, striate. Leaves thinly
membranous, oblanceolate, much tapered to the base, sub-sessile, the
apex acute, the edges coarsely and often irregularly dentate, sometimes
lobulate; both surfaces pale olivaceous-brown when dry, the lower
paler, sparsely strigose; main-nerves 7 to 9 pairs, spreading, faint on
both surfaces; length 2 to 3:5 in.; breadth °8 to 1:5 in.; the leaves of
the upper part of the stem smaller and bract-like. Heads ‘25 in. in
diam., sessile or sub-sessile, in spikes several inches long, from the

36 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

axils of small leaf-like bracts, arranged in a narrow pseudo-panicle
occupying the upper half of the stem. Involucral bracts linear, acumi-
nate, pubescent, 1-nerved, as long as the inner pappus. Corollas very
narrow ; receptacle naked. Cypselas small, glabrous ; pappus white, in
two rows, the outer very short. Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 265. 3B.
hymenophylla, DC. 1.c. 440. Conyza membranacea and hymenophylla,
Wall. Cat. 3019, 3038. C. virens, Wall. Cat. 3037p. C. diffusa, Roxb.
Fl. Ind. III. 429.

PEnanG : Curtis 2759; Deschamps.—DistRiB. British India, Malay
Archipelago.

9. Laceera, Schultz.-Bip.

Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves alternate, often rigid and decur-
rent. Heads panicled or axillary, heterogamous, disciform. Outer
flowers 2, in several rows, fertile, filiform, the mouth minutely toothed.
Disk-flowers ¢, in several rows, fertile, tubular, 5-fid. Involucre cam-
panulate ; bracts many-rowed, narrow, often rigid, the outer shorter ;
receptacle flat, naked. Anthers 2-lobed or sagittate at the base; the
auricles obtuse or acute, often unequal, not tailed or connate with the
adjoining anthers. Style-arms of the hermaphrodite flowers and the
pappus as in Blumea.—Distrip. 9 or 10 species, in tropical Africa
and British India.

LacGeRA FLAVA, Benth. in Gen. Pl. II. 290. A glabrous or
puberulous herb, 6 to 30 in. high; stems striate, simple or corymbosely
branched. Leaves membranous, shining, glabrous; the radical some-
times on short petioles; the cauline sessile; the lower cauline oblong, |
acute, cordate and sub-amplexicaul at the base; the upper cauline
smaller and narrower than the lower, lanceolate ; all sharply and un-
equally toothed; main-nerves about 8 pairs, distinct, like the wide
reticulations. Heads few, -25 in. in diam., on slender peduncles ;
receptacle glabrous; corollas yellow; anthers sagittate. Cypselas
minute, glabrous. Clarke Comp. Ind. 90; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind.
III. 270. Blwmea flava, DC. Prod. V. 439. Hrigeron falcatum,
Don Prod. 172; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng., 1877, II. 191 (excl.
syn.). Conyza fasciculata, Wall. Cat. 3017.

Penane: Wallich.—Disrris. British India.

This has not been collected within our area since Wallich’s time.

10. Puhucuza, Cass.
Shrubs or herbs, tomentose or glutinous. Leaves alternate, dentate
or rarely entire, sometimes pinnatifid. Heads usually small, in ter-
minal corymbose cymes, or large and sub-solitary, heterogamous, disci-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 37

form, white yellow, or lilac. Outer florets 2, in several series, fertile,
filiform. Disk-florets ¢, few, sterile, tubular and 5-fid. Involucre
broadly ovoid or campanulate ; its bracts few or in many rows, imbri-
cate, ovate or lanceolate, dry, rigid; receptacle flat, naked. Corollas of
the ? flowers filiform, shorter than their own styles, their apices with
3 teeth; corollas of the ¢ flowers regular, tubular, the limb slightly
widened, 5-cleft. Anthers sagittate at the base, their basal auricles
tailed. Style-arms of the ¢ flowers filiform, entire or bifid. Cypselas
small, 4- or 5-angled. Hairs of pappus slender, rigid, in a single series,
free, or (in the sterile cypselas) connate in groups.—Distris. About
30 species, tropical and sub-tropical.

Prucuea inpica, Less.; DC. Prod. V. 451. A low shrub, glabrous
or nearly so; stems smooth, terete. Leaves membranous, obovate or
oblanceolate, the apex obtuse or acute, acuminate or apiculate,
narrowed to the base; edges dentate, serrate or sub-serrate; both sur-
faces olivaceous-brown when dry, glandular; main-nerves 3 to 6 pairs,
curving upwards, bold beneath; length ‘5 to 2°75 in.; breadth -3 to
1-25 in.; petioles -1 in. to °4in. long. Heads 25 in. in diam., in com-
pound terminal puberulous corymbose cymes, much longer than the
leaves ; involucral bracts few, rather broad, obtuse. lorets of the
disk 3; those of the ray numerous. Cypselas minute, ribbed, nearly
glabrous ; pappus scanty, spreading, reddish-white. Wight Ill. t. 131;
Clarke Comp. Ind. 93; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. ITI. 272; Prain Bengal
Plants 600. P. foliosa, DC. le. 451. Conyza corymbosa, Roxb. Fi.
Ind. III. 426; Wall. Cat. 3009. C. imdica, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 58.
Baccharis indica, Linn.

Mauacca: Griffith. Prenane: Wallich. Sineapore: Kurz. Driy-
DINGS: Curtis 3451. Perak: Scortechini 848; King’s Collector 2893.
—Distris. British India, Malay Archipelago, China, Australia

11. SpHawRantTHUS, Linn.

Annual herbs with spreading branches. Leaves alternate, toothed,
decurrent. Flower-heads proper, small, heterogamous, disciform,
sessile, on a common receptacle, bracteate or not, and forming solitary,
globose, or ovoid, a head-like terminal cluster, usually bearing at its
base an involucre of a few empty bracts. Outer florets 2, few or
many, fertile, slender; inner solitary or few, $, fertile or sterile;
involucre narrow, its bracts dry, narrow, unequal, acute; receptacle
small, naked; pappus none. Florets: 2 with filiform, minutely
2-3-toothed corollas; g with regular corollas with thickened tube
and 4—5-toothed limb. Anthers with sagittate bases acute or tailed.
Style of ¢ florets with filiform arms or entire. Cypselas oblong, sub-

38 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

compressed, without pappus.—-Distris. About 8 species, tropics of
Asia, Africa, and Australia.

SPHERANTHUS AFRICANUS, Linn. Sp. Pl. 1314. Annual, glabrous or
pubescent, the stem and branches with long decurrent, entire wings.
Leaves membranous, oblanceolate, acute or sub-acute, with a small
bristle-point at the apex, the base narrowed and confluent with the
wing of the branch, the edges bristle-serrate ; length 1 to 3 in.; breadth
25 to 1:25 in. Clusters of heads globose, °3 to °4 in. in diam., peduncu-
late, their involucres few, scarious, rounded or jagged, not imbricate ;
the peduncles -25 to -4 in. long, glabrous, with a wing widening at the
base. Female florets about 15, gibbous. Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III.
275; Prain Bengal Plants, 601. S. africanus and S. microcephalus,
Willd. Sp. Pl. IIT. 2395. S. microcephalus, DC. Prod. V. 360; Clarke
Comp. Ind. 97. 8S. mdicus, Willd. l.c. 2394; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 62,
Fl. Ind. ITI. 446. S. africanus, Wall. Cat. 3179 (an part).

Manacca: Griffith. Kepan: King’s Collector 1701. SINGAPORE:
Ffiidley 5069. Prnane: Curtis 1942; Deschamps. PRovincE WELLES-
LEY: fiidley 7125. Purax: Scortechim 1640.—Distris. British
India, Malay Archipelago, China, Philippines, Australia, Africa.

12. Emit, Cass.

Annual or perennial herbs, glabrous or hairy, often glaucous, some-
times sarmentose. Leaves alternate, radical, crowded, petiolate, entire,
toothed or lyrate-pinnatifid; cauline few, stem-clasping. Heads on
long peduncles, solitary or loosely corymbose, ebracteolate at the
base, homogamous, discoid, yellow or red; florets all ¢, fertile,
tubular, the limb elongate and 5-toothed. Jnvolucre cylindric; its
bracts in a single series, equal, free or cohering, striate ; receptacle flat,
naked. Style-arms sub-terete, their apices short and obtuse, or long
and acute. Cypselas sub-terete, or 5-ribbed or -angled; pappus hairs
numerous, white, silky.—Distris. Species 14 or 15; all Indo-Malayan
and tropical African.

Emitia soncuironiA, DC. Prod. VI. 302. Annual, usually erect,
sometimes diffuse and sarmentose, 12 to 30 in. high. Leaves: the
lower lyrate-pinnatifid or sinuate-dentate, rarely elliptic, glabrous or
puberulous, sometimes scaberulous, 1:5 to 4 in. long; petioles variable
but rarely exceeding an inch in length; cauline leaves much smaller,
hastate or linear-hastate, dentate, sessile and auriculate, more or less
stem-clasping. Heads -4 in. long and the same in diam. when expanded,
on long ebracteate or scantily bracteate peduncles, collected in lax
terminal long pedunculate spreading corymbs. Jnvolucre nearly as
long as the purple florets, ecalyculate; its bracts linear-oblong, sub-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 39

acute. Cypselas truncate at each end, minutely hairy. DC. in Wight
Contrib. 24. EH. sonchifolia, vars. a and 3, Clarke Comp. Ind. 174.
Calcalia sonchifolia, Linn. Sp. Pl. 835; Roxb. Fl. Ind. IIT. 413; Don
Prod. 180; Wall. Cat. 3144. H. glabra, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 3145.
Gynura ecalyculata, DC. 1.c. 298. Prenanthes sarmentosa, Wall. Cat.
3262n. EH. scabra, DC. le. 303; Wight Ic. 1123. EH. mucronata,
Clarke Comp. Ind. 175.

SincaporE: Hullett 240. Prnana: Deschamps; Scortechinr;
Stolickza.—DistR1B. British India, Malay Archipelago, China.

Var. minor, King & Gamble. Little more than a foot high, lower
leaves broadly ovate, truncate at the base, on long narrow winged -
petioles.

Perak: King’s Collector 301. Prnane: in Klang and Batu Gaja
jungles : Deschamps.

In this variety the terminal lobe only of the leaf is developed, the lower part being
long and narrow like a petiole.

13. Gynura, Cass.

Succulent herbs, rarely undershrubs, sometimes climbers, glabrous
or hispid. Leaves alternate, entire, toothed or pinnatisect. Heads
solitary or in corymbs, bracteolate at the base, homogamous, disciform,
yellow or purplish. /lorets yellow: all the ¢ tubular, fertile (rarely a
few of the outer ones more slender and @ ) the limb 5-toothed. Involucre
cylindric or sub-campanulate ; the bracts 10 or 12, in a single series,
narrow, equal; their margins scarious; receptacle flat, pitted or shortly
fimbrillate. Anthers with bases entire or sub-auricled. Style-arms
slender; their apices long, slender, subulate, hispid. Cypselas narrow,
many-ribbed ; hairs of pappus copious, in many series, slender, white.—
DistRiB. Species about 20, Asia, Africa, and Australia.

Scandent ; leaves subentire or slightly dentate, petiolate .. 1. G. sarmentosa.
An erect herb; leaves always boldly dentate and often pinnatisect
or pinnatifid, sessile and often sub-amplexicaul or auriculate .. 2. G. bicolor.

1. GynuRA SARMENTOSA, DC. Prod. VI. 298. Stem and branches i
loosely twining, glabrous except the puberulous peduncles, thinner than
a goose-quill, pale brown and striate when dry. Leaves succulent,
elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, the base cuneate,
the edges subentire or slightly dentate, both surfaces brown when
dry, glabrous; main-nerves 4 or 5 pairs, spreading, faint on both
surfaces ; length 1 to 3 in.; breadth -4 to 1 in.; petioles of the lower
leaves "15 to -4 in.; the small upper leaves often sessile. Heads few,
65 to -75 in. long, and as much in diam., on slender puberulous

40 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

pedicels usually in scanty, lax, long-peduncled, axillary and terminal
cymes longer than the leaves; bracteoles of the panicle and of the
calyculus at the base of the involucre few, small, linear. Inwvolucre
spreading little, its bracts narrowly oblong, subacute or blunt,
glabrous; their edges scarious, nearly as long as the florets.
Cypselas small, brown, with 10 puberulous ribs; pappus white.
Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 335. G. Finlaysontana, DC. 1.c. 299’;
Deless. Ic. Sel. IV. t. 55. Cacalia cylindrifolia, reclinata, and Fin-
laysomana, Wall. Cat. 3150, 3151, 3162. Sonchus volubilis, Rumph.
Elerh. Amb s Vert, 103 f. 2.

In all the provinces, common.—Distris. Malayan Archipelago ;
Siam ; Philippines.
_ 2. Gynura Bicotor, DC. Prod. VI. 299. Herbaceous, 2 or 3 feet
high, glabrous or sparsely and minutely glandular-hairy on the upper
part; stems erect, branched, about the thickness of a quill near the
base, boldly striate when dry. Leaves pinnatisect or pinnatifid, the
lobules acutely dentate; the terminal lobe narrow and acuminate,
narrowed at the base into a petiole varying in length from ‘5 to 1 in. ;
the upper sessile and often auriculate at the base, or shorter and
narrowly obtuse with large teeth; length 2°5 to 5 in.; breadth -4 to
3 in. Heads about ‘5 in. long, less in diam. Involucral bracts
narrow, with scarious margins and acute often recurved tips.
Cypselas very slender, much ribbed, sub-glabrous; pappus copious,
white, tinged with pink. Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 335. Cacaha
bicolor, Roxb. El. Ind. IM. 412, Salish. Hort. Parad.t..200)) bot:
Regist. t. 110.

SinGcapore: Ridley 1618. Jonore: Ridley 2741; King. Pura:
Wray 1445, 3599. Punane: Deschamps. Mauacca: Griffith (K.D.),
3235.—Distris. China, Moluccas.

14. SrzcesBecEiA, Linn.

Glandular-pubescent herbs. Leaves opposite, toothed. Heads in
leafy panicles, heterogamous, sub-radiate, yellow or white. Lay-
florets 2, in asingle series, fertile, the corollas short-tubed, with
2-3-fid limb or a short, broad ligule. Dusk-florets ¢, fertile, or
the inner ones sterile; the corollas regular, tubular, the limb cam-
panulate and 5-fid or narrow and 3- to 4-toothed. Jmnvolucre cam-
panulate or hemispheric, the bracts few, herbaceous, glandular, the
outer usually 5, spathulate, spreading; the inner enclosing the ray-
florets. Receptacle small; the pales membranous, concave. Anthers
with entire bases. Style of ¢ florets with short, flattened, sub-acute
arms. Cypselas obovoid-oblong, often incurved, their apices obtuse ;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 41

pappus none.—DisTRIB. Six species, one cosmopolitan, tropical and
sub-tropical, the others South American and African.

SIEGESBECKIA ORIENTALIS, Linn. Sp. Pl. 900. An erect annual,
1 to 3 feet high, branching, the lower branches opposite, everywhere
clothed with pubescence, often glandular and crisped. Leaves mem-
branous, opposite, the lower ovate sub-rhomboid, the upper ovate-
lanceolate, dentate or crenate, passing into linear-lanceolate, and
sometimes entire; all cuneate at the base; both surfaces olivaceous
when dry; the upper scabrid, hispid; the lower more softly hairy ;
main-nerves 3 or 4 pairs, curved, spreading; length 1 to 4 in.;
petioles very short or absent. Jnwvolucre with the outer bracts longer
than the inner. Cypselas black, the outer enclosed in the glandular
involucral bracts. Boiss. Fl. Orient. III. 250; DC. Prod. V. 495;
Wight Ic. 1103; Wall. Cat. 3182; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 304;
Prain Bengal Plants, 607. S. glutinosa, Wall. Cat. 3182. S. brachiata
and S. orientalis, Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 482. Minyranthes heterophylla,
Turez. in Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mise. 1851, I. 181.

In all the provinces, near habitations.

15. Eexurpta, Linn.

Strigose or hirsute annuals. Leaves opposite. Heads small, axillary
or terminal, pedunculate, heterogamous, rayed. Say-florets 2, sub-
9-seriate, fertile or sterile, ligulate, small, entire or bifid, white rarely
yellow. Dusk-florets ¢, fertile, tubular, 4-5-fid. Involucre hemispheric
or broadly campanulate ; its bracts sub-2-seriate, herbaceous, the outer
large and broad; receptacle flat or nearly so, the outer pales enclosing
several florets; the inner ones narrow, sometimes absent. <Anthers
with obtuse, almost entire, bases. Style-arms flattened, with short
triangular or obtuse appendages. Cypselas of the ray narrow, tri-
quetrous, sometimes barren; those of the disk stouter, somewhat
compressed laterally, the apex entire, toothed or 2-aristate.—DisTRIB.
7 species in South America and Australia, and 1 cosmopolitan in the
tropics.

Ecurpta ERECTA, Linn. Mant. II. 266. An erect or diffuse branched
slender herb, hirsute or strigillose. Leaves variable in form and size,
sessile or with very short petioles; linear, oblong-lanceolate or narrowly
elliptic ; narrowed at both ends; main-nerves 3 or 4 pairs, spreading,
faint; length 1 to 4 in.; breadth -2 to ‘5 in. Heads ‘3 to °4 in.
in diam., solitary or in pairs from the leaf-axils; the peduncles -25
to 1:5 in. long, when in pairs always unequal. Involucral bracts
equal to or longer than the flowers, unequal, ovate or obovate, apiculate.
Cypselas scabrid, without pappus. Clarke Comp. Ind. 134; Hook.

42 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 304; Prain Bengal Plants; 610. Lam. Ill. t.
687. #H. alba, Hassk. Pl. Jav. Rar. 528; Clarke Comp. Ind. 134;
Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 304. #. marginata, Boiss. Fl. Orient.
III. 249. H. prostrata, Linn. Mant. II. 266; Roxb. Fl. Ind. IIT. 488.
H. prostrata, undulata, and parviflora, Wall. Cat. 3209, 3210, 3213.
Verbesina alba and prostrata, Linn. Sp. Pl. 902.

In all the provinces. In and near cultivated ground.—Disrris..
The tropics generally.

16. WeEDELIA, Jacq.

Hirsute or scabrid-pubescent herbs or undershrubs, sometimes.
scandent. Leaves opposite. Heads axillary or terminal, hetero-
gamous, rayed. Fay-florets ¢, fertile, ligulate, spreading, entire,
or 2-toothed at the apex. Dvysk-florets ¢, fertile or the inner sterile ;
the corolla tubular, regular, with elongate 5-toothed limb. Involucre
campanulate or sub-hemispheric; its bracts sub-2-seriate, the outer
3 to 5 usually herbaceous, the inner dry; receptacle flat or convex,
the pales enclosing the flowers. Anthers entire or sub-sagittate at
the base. Style of ¢ florets with acute arms hirsute at their
tips. Cypselas cuneate-oblong or obovoid, thick, smooth or tuberceled,
laterally compressed or the outer triquetrous, tip rounded, margins.
obtuse or thickened ; pappus none, or reduced to a toothed cup or ring,
or sometimes of short scales with occasionally a few bristles —DisTRIB..
Species about 70, tropical and sub-tropical.

WEDELIA BIFLORA, DC. in Wight Contrib. Fl. Ind. 18. Scandent ;:
stem and branches hispid-puberulous when very young, afterwards.
almost glabrous, obtusely 4-angled, grooved when dry. Leaves mem-
branous, broadly ovate or ovate-subrhomboid to lanceolate, apex.
acuminate, edges coarsely serrate except at the broad, slightly
cuneate base; both surfaces dull olivaceous green when dry,
minutely reticulate, sparsely hispid-puberulous ; main-nerves one
large pair ascending from the base of the midrib to near the apex.
branching outwards and one or two smaller pairs from above the
middle of the midrib, all distinct on both surfaces; length 2 to 4:5 in. ;.
breadth 1:25 to 2°75 in.; petioles ‘75 to 1:5 in., those of the branches
smaller. Heads about ‘5 in. in diam., solitary on a short peduncle:
‘75 in. or less in length, or 2 to 4 on peduncles two or three times as.
long. Involucral bracts in two rows, oblong or ovate-lanceolate,.
apiculate, concave, scabrid-puberulous outside like the peduncles,
often recurved. Ripe cypselas triquetrous, scaberulous, the apex
with some hairs and several short bristles, one longer than the:
others. Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 306. W. scandens, Benth.; Prain
Bengal Plants, 612; Clarke Comp. Ind. 136 (excl. syn.). Woolastoma.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 43

biflora and W. scabriuscula, DC. Prod. V. 546, 547. W. biflora,
Wight Ic. 1108. Verbesina biflora, Linn. Sp. Pl. Ed. II. 1272. Wall.
Cat. 3207 (in part). V. dichotoma, Wall. Cat. 3024 (i part).
Eclipta scabriuscula, Wall. Cat. 3212 (partly). dcemella biflora, Spreng.
Syst. IIT. 591.

On the sea coast, common.

17. SprmantHEs, Linn.

Annual herbs. Leaves opposite. Heads axillary or terminal,
usually on long peduncles, heterogamous and rayed, or homogamous
and disciform. fiay-florets ? , in a single series, fertile, ligulate, white
or yellow. Disk-florets ¢, fertile, tubular, with 4- or 5-fid limb.
Involucre ovoid or campanulate, the bracts sub-2-seriate ; receptacle
convex, elongate, the pales enclosing the flowers often connate with
the ovary into a stalk. Amnthers with truncate entire or bifid bases.
Style-arms of ¢ florets truncate. Cypselas of ray-florets triquetrous
or dorsally compressed, the margins and angles usually ciliate; pappus
none or of 2 or 3 bristles—Distris. About 40 species, chiefly tropical
American.

SpmantHes AcmenuA, Murr. Syst. ed. XIII.610. Erect or ascend-
ing, glabrous, branched, 1 to 2 feet long; the branches as thick as
a crow-quill, striate, glabrous, pale brown when dry. Leaves mem-
branous, ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, with sub-acute apex and cuneate
base, the edges crenate serrate or entire; main-nerves a single pair,
ascending; length -75 to 1:5 in.; petioles ‘1 to-3 in. long. Heads ovoid-
conical, -35 to ‘5 in. long, on slender peduncles 1 to 2°5 in long, solitary
or in very lax panicles. Involucral bracts short, oblong, blunt or sub-
acute, d-nerved. Say-floreits minute. Cypselas sometimes marginate,
scabrid or smooth ; pappus of one or two bristles or absent. DC. Prod.
V. 623; Prain Bengal Plants, 614; Wall. Cat. 3285; Clarke Comp.
Ind. 138; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 307. S. calva, DC. Le. V. 625;
Wight Ic. 1109. 8S. pseudo-Acmella, Linn.; DC. l.c. 625, and in
' Wight Contrib. 19; Wall. Cat. 3185. SS. oleracea, Jacq. Hort. Vind. IT.
t. 135; Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 410; DC. lc. 624. Bidens fervida and
B. fixa, Lamk. Dict. I. 415, 416. Cotula conica, Wall. Cat. 3185.
Verbesina Acmella, Linn. Sp. Pl. 901. V. psewdo-Acmella, Linn. l.c. 901.

Mauacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3186 ; Cuming 2361. Perak: Scortechint
1400. Prenane: Deschamps.

18. SYNEDRELLA, Gaertn.

Annual branched herbs. Leaves opposite, petiolate, dentate. Heads
small, axillary and terminal, heterogamous, rayed. Involucre ovoid or

A4 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

oblong, its bracts few ; the outer one or two foliaceous, passing into the
flat scarious pales of the small receptacle. Ray-florets few, @ , ligulate,
with short broad 2-3-toothed lamina. Disk-florets 3, tubular, regular,
the limb 4-toothed. Anthers syngenesious, their bases sub-entire.
Style-arms of ¢ florets long, acute. Cypselas of ray-florets much
compressed dorsally, smooth, their edges winged and with long teeth ;
those of the ¢ few, narrower, compressed or trigonous often muri-
cate; pappus in both consisting of 2 (rarely more) bristles.—DIsTRiB.
Species 2, tropical American, 1 also Asiatic and African.

SYNEDRELLA NODIFLORA, Gaertn. Fruct. I]. 456, t. 171, f.7- An
erect dichotomous annual with terete wiry glabrous branches thicker
than a crow-quill; all parts more or less scaberulous. Leaves mem-
branous, opposite, petiolate, ovate, acute, the base cuneate, the edges
serrate or crenate (sometimes obscurely so) ; main-nerves 3 or 4 pairs,
the lower pair long and bold, the others short and faint; both surfaces
minutely and sparsely strigose, and greenish when dry; length °75 to
3 in.; breadth -3 to 1:25in. ; petioles 1 to -4 in. often ciliate on the edges.
Heads :25 in. in diam., axillary, solitary or in small clusters, usually
sessile but sometimes on short peduncles ; inner bracts of the involucre
linear-lanceolate, shining. Cypselas of the inner flowers muricate,
with 2 unequal hispid pappus hairs longer than themselves and than
the corolla; outer cypselas shorter, broader, smooth, black; their
edges winged, deeply toothed, pale. Hook. Exot. Flora, t. 60; Clarke
Comp. Ind. 139; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind’ III. 308; Prain Bengal
Plants, 615. Verbesina nodiflora, Linn. Amoen. Acad. IY. 290.

Near cultivation, common.

19. Bivens, Linn.

Herbaceous, annual or perennial, sometimes scandent. Leaves
opposite, entire, irregularly lobed or 1-2-pinnatisect. Heads small and
corymbose or larger and sub-solitary, heterogamous and rayed. ay-
florets in one series, neuter or rarely ¢, fertile, the corolla ligulate,
yellow or white, spreading, entire or somewhat toothed. Dvzsk-florets
$, fertile, tube, cylindric, limb shortly 5-fid; occasionally homogamous
from the abortion of the ray-florets. Jnvolucre campanulate or sub-
hemispheric, its bracts in two series, often slightly connate below ;
the outer short herbaceous or long and leafy, the inner membranous ; —
receptacle flat or convex; its pales narrow, little concave. Anthers
entire or bluntly sagittate at the base. Style of ¢ florets with arms
hirsute upwards and short acute or long apices. Cypselas dorsally
compressed or somewhat tetragonous, linear or cuneiform, often
narrowed but not beaked above; pappus of 2 to 4 persistent,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 45

retrorsely barbellate arms.—Distris. About 120 species, chiefly
American.

Biwens piuosa, Linn. Sp. Pl. 832. An erect, very variable, glabrous
pubescent or pilose herb, 6 to 24 in. high; stems when dry 4-angled.
Leaves 3-fid to 3-partite, or 2-3-pinnatifid, their segments broadly or
narrowly ovate to lanceolate, serrate. Heads ‘3 to ‘4 in. across, on long
stout petioles of varying length, terminal or axillary. Hay-flowers
when present white or yellow, often absent. Inwvolucral bracts shorter
than the flowers, broadly oblong, with scarious margins. Cypselas
black, compressed, long, narrow, slender, ribbed; pappus of 3 or 4
bristles shorter than the cypselas, pale brown.

Var. 1 pilosa proper, Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 309; leaves 3-fid
or 3-sect, their segments broadly or narrowly ovate or lanceolate,
serrate. B. pilosa, Linn.; DC. Prod. V. 597; Clarke Comp. Ind. 140;
Prain Bengal Plants, 616. B. leucantha, Willd. B. chinensis, Willd.;
Wall. Cat. 3189 (x part). B. tripartita and B. bipinnata, Wall. Cat.
3187 (in part).

Var. 2 bipinnata, Hook. fil. l.c. 309; leaves bipinnately compound,
their segments ovate lanceolate or linear, entire lobed or toothed.
B. bypinnata, Linn.; Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 411. B. chinensis, Wall. Cat.
3189 (in part). B. Wallichti, DC. Prod. V. 598.

Var. 3 decomposita, Hook. fil. l.c. 310; leaves decompoundly
pinnatitid, segments linear, slender. B. decomposita, Wall. in DC.
Prod. V. 602, Cat. 3188; Clarke Comp. Ind. 141 ezel. var. £.

In all the provinces: in waste ground near cultivation, but not
common.—Distris. In all warm countries.

20. Tripax, Linn.

A perennial herb. Leaves opposite, pinnatisect, with few narrow
segments. Heads solitary on very long peduncles, heterogamous,
rayed. ay-florets 2, fertile, ligulate or bilabiate, the outer lip large
3-fid, the inner small and 2-fid or none. Disk-florets ¢, fertile, tubular,
the limb elongate and 5-fid. Involucral bracts in few series, the outer
short broad herbaceous; receptacle flat or convex; its scales mem-
branous. Anthers with short acute auricles at their bases. Style-arms
of the ¢ flowers hairy above, their apices subulate. Cypselas oblong
or depressed-globose, silky; pappus of unequal aristate feathery bristles.
—Distris. 7 species, tropical American, 1 being an introduced weed
in the tropics of Asia.

TRIDAX PROCUMBENS, Linn. Sp. Pl. 900. Procumbent, hirsute, with
slightly branched stems as thick as a crow-quill. Leaves membranous,
few, ovate-lanceolate, deeply and irregularly serrate, -5 to 2 in. long.

46 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

Heads °4 to *6 in.in diam., on slender erect solitary peduncles 3 to 8 in.
long. Cypselas brown; pappus shining, white. DC. Prod. V. 679;
Wall. Cat. 3197; Clarke Comp. Ind. 142; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT.
311; Prain Bengal Plants, 618.

In cultivated and waste places : an introduction.

21. CeENTIPEDA, Lour.

Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves alternate, entire or toothed.
Heads small, axillary, sessile or racemose, heterogamous, disciform,
yellow. Outer florets 9 ,in many rows, fertile, their corollas minute,
obscurely lobed. Disk-florets ¢, few, fertile, their corollas with short
tube and campanulate 4-fid limb. Involucre hemispheric, its bracts in
2 series, spreading in fruit; receptacle naked. Anthers obtuse and
entire at the base. Style-arms of ¢ flower short, truncate. Cypselas
4-angled, the apices obtuse, the angles hairy; the hairs sometimes
hooked; pappus none.—Distris. 43 species, Asiatic, Australian, and
South American.

CENTIPEDA ORBICULARIS, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. III. 493. An annual
prostrate herb with numerous thin rooting stems, glabrous or sparsely
tomentose. Leaves obovate-oblong or cuneate, ‘2 to 5 in. long, sparsely
toothed. Heads :1 to ‘15 in. in diam., globose, solitary, axillary, sub-
sessile. florets, 9 minute, numerous, tubular, minutely 3-toothed ;
$ 10 to 12, 4-toothed. Cypselas with simple hairs. Hook. fil. Fl.
Br. Ind. III. 317; Prain Bengal Plants, 620. C. mimuta, Benth. in
Bth. & Hook. fil. Gen. Pl. II. 230; Clarke Comp. Ind. 151. Myriogyne
minuta, Less.; DC. Prod. VI. 189. Cotuwla sternutatoria, Wall. Cat.
3259. C.miuuma, Willd. Sp. Pl. III. 2170. Dichrocephala Schnudu,
Wight Ic. 1610. Artemisia sternutatoria, Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 423.
A. mimma, Linn. Sp. Pl. 849. Spheromorphea centipeda, DC.
le. 140.

In all the provinces: by the sides of roads in cultivated ground,
not common.

22. ArtTEmisiA, Linn.

Herbs or shrubs, usually fragrant. Leaves alternate, 1- to 3-pinna-
tisect, serrate or entire. Heads small, numerous, racemose or panicled,
solitary or in fascicles (never corymbose), heterogamous or homogamous,
disciform. Outer florets 9, in a single series, fertile, very slender,
2- to 3-toothed. Disk-florets ¢, fertile or sterile, the limb 5-fid. Invo-
lucre ovoid, sub-globose or hemispheric; bracts in few series, the outer
shorter, their margins scarious; receptacle flat or convex, naked or
hairy. Anthers with entire obtuse bases. Style-arms of the ¢ florets
with truncate, usually penicillate, tips. Cypselas very minute, oblong,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 47

ellipsoid or sub-obovoid, faintly striate; pappus none—Distris. About
240 species in the north temperate regions mostly of the Old World.

ARTEMISIA VULGARIS, Linn. Sp. Pl. 848. A small shrub; stems as
thick as a goose-quill, brown when dry, sub-glaucous and with sparse
white pubescence. eaves membranous, varying much in shape and
size, those near the base several inches long, large pinnatipartite or
bi-pinnatipartite, the pinnules oblong, the ultimate lobes entire with
sub-aristate apices, leaves of the stem diminishing in size upwards,
laciniate, and passing near the apex into simple linear bracts less than
-5 in. long; all glabrous on the upper surface and white adpressed-
pubescent on the lower. Heads about -15 in. long, cylindric or narrowly
campanulate, sessile, solitary or in small clusters, in axillary sub-secund
spikes of varying length, the upper part of the stem forming a long
spike. Involucral bracts only 5 or 6, broadly lanceolate or oblanceolate,
the inner scarious. Oorollas glabrous. DC. Prod. V. 112; Boiss. FI.
Orient. III. 371; Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 420; Clarke Comp. Ind. 161;
Hook fil BE Br Ind. Tit $25, Al andica, Willd. ; DC. Le) 4; Roxb.
Fl. Ind. III. 419; Wight Ic. 1112; Wall. Cat. 3293. A. dubia, Wall.
Cat. 3307; DC. lc. 110. A. myriantha, Wall. Cat. 83297; DC. l.c. 112.
A. paniculata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 418. A. leptostachya, DC. |.c. 1138.
A. grata, Wall. Cat. 3294 (in part); DC. le. 114. A. lavandulefolia,
Wee ILO:

In all the provinces, near cultivation, not common and probably
introduced.—Distris. Europe, Northern Asia, India, mountains of
the Malayan Archipelago.

23. Crepis, Linn.

Annual or perennial herbs, glabrous or hairy, hairs all simple.
Leaves alternate, radical or cauline, the latter often stem-clasping,
entire toothed or pinnatifid. Heads pedunculate, solitary, fasciculate
or corymbose, yellow or red, homogamous, ligulate. Involucre cylindric
or campanulate ; bracts either multi-seriate and regularly imbricate, or
the outer smaller and shorter than the single series of inner; base
of midrib often thickened after flowering; receptacle flat, rarely
concave, naked or shortly fimbrillate. Corollas ligulate, with broad
5-toothed apices. Anthers syngenesious, their bases sagittate, the
auricles acute or shortly setaceous. Cypselas more or less fusiform or
oblong, rarely short and cylindric, often slender, glabrous or scaberulous,
10- to 20-ribbed, the apex narrowed or beaked; pappus usually
copious, short or long, the hairs simple, soft, usually silvery, rarely
brownish and stiff or brittle—Duisrris. Species about 10, chiefly in
the northern regions of the Old World.

48 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

CrEPIS JAPONICA, Benth. Fl. Hongk., 194. Annual; glabrous or
puberulous; stems one or more from the same root, 6 to 18 in. high.
Radical leaves oblanceolate, runcinate-pinnatifid or sinuately toothed,.
1 to 2°5 in. long, usually on petioles ‘5 to 1-5 in. long; cauline leaves
few, much smaller and often sessile. Heads -2 in. long and 3 in. in
diam. when expanded, on short, slender pedicels with linear minute
bracteoles at their bases, collected at the apices of the long, slender
stems in compact or lax corymbose cymes. Involucres shorter than
the florets, their bracts in two rows, the outer very short; the inner
6 or 7, narrowly oblong, blunt, with narrow hyaline margins and dark,
thickened midribs. Cypselas -1 in. long, contracted below the apex,
but not beaked, compressed, with many smooth or puberulous ribs,
equal to or shorter than the soft, white pappus. Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind.
III. 395; Prain Bengal Plants, 627. CC. lyrata, Clarke Comp.
Ind. 253. Youwngia lyrata, Cass.; Thw. Enum. Pl. Ceyl. 168. Youngia
Thunbergiana, runcinata, napifolia, Poosia, ambigua, fastigiata and
striata, DC. Prod. VII. 192, 193. Y. napifolia, Wight Ic. 1147.
Lactuca napifoia, DC. in Wight Contrib. 27. Chondrilla runct-
nata, Wall. Cat. 3272. Prenanthes Poosia and napifolia, Wall.
Cat. 3265, 3277. P. japonica, Linn. Mant. 107. P. striata, Blume
Bijdr. 885.

In all the provinces, near or in cultivated ground.

Order LXII. STYLIDIEAL.

Herbaceous plants, rarely undershrubs. Leaves radical or scattered
or fasciculate on the stem, more or less subverticillate, entire, often
small and narrow, no stipules. lowers in terminal racemes or thyrsoid
or corymbose panicles, irregular, perfect, pedicels bracteate. Calyx-
tube adnate to the ovary ; limb 2-lipped, upper lip 3-, lower 2-flowered.
Corolla gamopetalous, 5-lobed, 4 lobes spreading, the fifth (lip) smaller,
irregular, the lobes imbricate. Stamens 2, parallel, inserted on a.
glandular disk surmounting the ovary; filaments connate with the
style into a column; anthers sessile on the column, the cells sub-
confluent. Ovary inferior, 2-celled; style entire or divided into two
stigmas ; ovules many in each cell, on axile placentas on the middle of
the dissepiment, anatropous. Prwt a 2-celled capsule, sometimes
1-celled by the suppression of the septum, the valves cohering at the
base. Seeds minute, numerous, sub-globose; albumen fleshy; testa
thin; embryo minute, next the hilum.—Drstris. Species about 100,
Australian, with a few in tropical Asia, New Zealand, and Antarctic
America.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 49

STYLIDIUM, Sw.

Herbs, with the habit leaves and inflorescence of the Order.
Calyzx-lobes 5, bilabiate. Corolla irregularly 5-lobed, 4 lobes sub-erect
in pairs, the fifth smaller, recurved. Stamens in an elongate column,
often recurved or reflexed, especially when irritated. Ovary 2-celled,
stigma entire—Distris. 85 Australian species and 3 Indian or
Malayan.

STYLIDIUM TENELLUM, Swartz in Gesellsch. Nat. Berl. Mag. 1807,
51. t. 2, fig. 3, not of Br. A small erect herb; stem simple, leafy,
glabrous, 4 to 8 in. high, dichotomous, compressed. Leaves scattered,
alternate, oblong or oblong-obovate, lower ones broader 2 to 3 in. long,
upper ones narrower, getting gradually smaller upwards and passing
gradually into bracts ; nerves of lower leaves 3, fromthe base. Flowers
sessile, 2 to 5, alternate; bracts minute, linear. Calyx bilabiate, upper
3-, lower 2-lobed, lobes linear. Corolla irregularly 5-lobed, 4 lobes erect
linear, the fifth recurved, spathulate. Staminal column exsert, stamens 2,
anthers 2-celled, connivent. Ovary inferior, elongate, 2-celled, many-
seeded, stigma entire. Capsule 2-celled, 2-valved, ‘5 to ‘7 in. long;
seeds minute, papillose. DC. Prod. VII. 336; Hook. fil. and Th. in
Journ. Linn. Soe. II. 8; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 571; Kurz in Flora,
1872, 304. S. rosewm, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLV. ii. 137,
XLVI. ii. 212; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 420.

Penane: Ridley 7103. Province WELLESLEY, at Butterworth:
G. King. Matacca: Swartz—Distris. Hastern Bengal and Burma,
in Dacca, Chittagong and Mergui.

S. uliginosum, Swartz, is recorded in FI. Br. Ind. as from ‘‘ Manacca fide H. f.
and T.”; as we have seen no specimens, we consider it sufficient to record the fact.
In Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. it is S. Kunthii, Wall., that is recorded from Malacca, and it
seems more likely that this is right as Griffith obtained it at Mergui.

Order LXIII. GOODENOVIEA.

Shrubs, undershrubs, but chiefly herbs, juice not milky. Leaves
alternate or radical, rarely opposite, entire dentate or occasionally
pinnatifid; stipules none. Flowers hermaphrodite, axillary or in
terminal spikes, racemes or panicles, regular or irregular, bracts and
bracteoles occasionally present. Calyx with the tube adnate to the
ovary or free; lobes 5, sometimes very small, sometimes connate in a
ring or obsolete. Corolla gamopetalous, inserted on the calyx, usually
white, yellow or blue, rarely red; lobes 5, valvate, usually induplicate-
winged. Stamens 5, alternate with the corolla-lobes, inserted on the

L

50 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

disk crowning the ovary; free or connate in a ring around the style;
anthers 2-celled, the cells parallel, dehiscing longitudinally and in-
trorsely. Ovary 1—2-celled; style simple with a cup-shaped sheath
including the stigma; ovules 1 or many in each eell, erect or ascending,
rarely pendulous, inserted on the dissepiment or central. Fruit an
indehiscent drupe or a capsule with 2 or 4 valves usually dehiscing
irregularly. Seeds albuminous; testa thin crustaceous or thick and
hard; embryo erect in the axis of the fleshy albumen, the radicle
inferior.—Distris. Over 200 species, mostly Australian, a few in New
Zealand, Antarctic America, the Pacific Islands, or on the coasts of
tropical Asia, Africa, and the West Indies.

1. Sca#vona, Linn.

Herbs, undershrubs or shrubs. Leaves simple, alternate, rarely
opposite, entire or toothed. Flowers axillary, solitary or in dichotomously
branched cymes, sessile or pedicellate. Calyx with the tube adnate to
the ovary, turbinate, ovoid or globose; limb short, annular or 5-lobed,
sometimes obsolete. Corolla oblique, split to the base behind, lobes
sub-equal or the two uppermost shorter, at length digitately patent.
Stamens free. Ovary 2-celled, with solitary erect ovules in each cell,
or l-celled with 1-2 erect ovules; sheath cupular; stigma truncate or
divaricately 2-lobed. Fruit an indehiscent drupe, exocarp thin or fleshy,
endocarp hard and woody rarely crustaceous. Seeds solitary; embryo
smooth, cotyledons sometimes broader than the inferior radicle.—
Distris. About 60 species, 2 Asiatic, 8-10 of the Pacific Islands and
the coasts of Asia, 1 extending to the coasts of Africa and the West
Indies, the rest Australian.

Scavonta Kornieu, Vahl Symb. III. 36 (1794). An evergreen
large glabrous shrub with stout stem and branches, soft spongy pith and
coarse fibrous wood. Leaves alternate, sessile, obovate-oblong, obtuse
at apex, decurrent at base, 3 to 6 in. long, about 2 in. broad, entire
or obscurely crenate, more or less fleshy when green, membranous
when dry, silky pubescent on both sides or somewhat glabrous on the
upper surface, tufted hairy in the axils; midrib stout, prominent,
broad, main-nerves 10-12 pair, slender, arching upwards and joining
near the margin, secondary nerves few slender, reticulations many,
indistinct. Flowers white, in axillary few-flowered dichotomous
pubescent cymes shorter than the leaves; bracts small, subulate, about
‘1 in. long; common peduncle ‘5 to ‘6 in. long; pedicels ‘1 to ‘2 in. long;
bracteoles 2, similar to the bracts. Calyx-twbe adnate to the ovary,
‘2 in. long, densely villous; lobes ‘2 to ‘3 in. long, linear-lanceolate or
spathulate, ciliate, pubescent, enlarged in fruit. Corolla-tube ‘7 to ‘8 in.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 51

long, narrow, pubescent without, villous within; lobes valvately indupli-
cate-winged, ‘25 to -4 in. long, lanceolate, prominently veined, villous-
hairy within. Stamens erect, free, inserted around the ovary-sheath,
“75 in. long; filaments thin, anthers ovate, introrse, cells parallel,
connective produced above with short divergent lobes. Ovary 2-celled,
crowned with the oblong bifid stigma which is surrounded by a long-
fringed sheath; ovules 1 in each cell, erect. Fruit a 2-celled ovate-
globose succulent drupe, 3 to ‘5 in. in diam., depressed above, ribbed,
endocarp bony. Lamk. Ill. t. 124, fig. 2; DC. Prod. VII. 505; Hook.
f. and Th. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Il. 8; Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 2732;
Blume Bijdr. 730; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 580; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc.
Beng. XLVI. ii. 212, For. Fl. IT. 84; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III.
421; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 54; Cooke Bomb. Flora, II. 69; Benth.
Fl. Austr. IV. 86. S. sericea, Forst.; DC. l.c. 506; Blume Bijdr.
750; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 581. 8S. Taccada, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 15,
iinds I o27 5 DC: 1-¢):505 5, Dalz. “and! Gibs: Bomb; Bl. 134:
Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 250; Wall. Cat. 1314; Wight IIL. t.
137. 8S. Lobelia, Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 250; De Vriese
Goodenov. 20-26 and in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. II. 20, not of Linn.
S. Plumert, Blume Bijdr. 730, not of Vahl. S. montana, Lab. Sert.
Austr.-Caled. 41, t. 42; DC. le. 506. S. velutina, Presl in Rel.
Haenck. II. 57; DC. le. 506. 8S. Bela-Modagam, Roem. and Sch.
pyst. V. 163; DC. Le. 505. 8S. Leschenaulin, DC. le. 506. S.
macrocalyx, De Vriese Gooden. 26, tab. 3, figs. 1-4. SS. chlorantha and
S. Lambertiana, De Vriese, l.c. 27, 28. S. lativaga, Hance in Walp.
Ann. II. 1054. Lobelia frutescens, Linn. Fl. Zeyl. 148. L. Taccada,
Gertn. Fruct. I. 119, tab. 25, fig. 5. ZL. Plumieri, Burm. Fl. Ind. 186,
not of Linn. Cerbera Salutaris, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 136. Buglossum
litorewm, Rumph. Herb. Amb. IV. 116, t. 54. ‘ Béla~-Modagam,”
Rheede Hort. Mal. IV. t. 59.

Penane: Wallich 1314. Matacca: Griffith. Jonore: Jensen.
SINGAPORE: Sir BR. Schomburgk 82; G. King ; G. Thomson.—DistR1p.
Sea-shores of India from Sind to Ceylon; Burma; Malay Islands and
eastwards to Australia and Polynesia.

Order LXIV. CAMPANULACEA.

Herbs, undershrubs, rarely shrubs ; erect or climbing ; often with
milky juice. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite, entire toothed or
rarely lobed, no stipules. Inflorescence axillary or terminal; flowers
solitary, racemose or paniculate ; bracts small; bracteoles none (present
in Sphenoclea). Calyz-twbe adnate to the ovary, limb few- or many-

52 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

lobed or -partite, lobes usually persistent in fruit, valvate or imbricate
in bud. Corolla gamopetalous, tubular, rotate or campanulate, superior,
sometimes bilabiate ; lobes as many as those of the calyx, valvate or
induplicate-valvate, sometimes 1, 2, or all free to the base. Stamens
equal in number to the corolla-lobes and alternate with them; inserted
on the epigynous disk or (in Sphenociea) on the corolla-tube; filaments
free or connate in a tube; anthers linear, oblong or ovate, free or
connate in a tube, 2-celled, the cells parallel, dehiscing longitudinally and
introrsely. Ovary usually inferior, 2-5- rarely more-celled; placentas
axile, many ovuled; style simple, clavate, within the staminal tube;.
stigma-lobes as many as the ovary-cells; ovules anatropous, erect
horizontal or pendulous. frwit capsular or baccate, crowned by the
persistent calyx-lobes, dehiscing vertically or laterally, or indehiscent.
Seeds very many, small, albuminous; testa thin, coriaceous ; embryo:
erect, radicle inferior.—Duistris. Over 1,000 species, scattered.
throughout the globe, chiefly in temperate regions.

Tribe I. LOBELIEA. Corolla 2-lipped, cleft dorsally to the base; anthers connate..

Fruit a capsule, 2-valved at the summit is ae LS hopEnra.

Tribe Il. CAMPANULEA. Corolla regular; anthers free or imperfectly connate.

Flowers solitary, peduncled hs 56 -. 2. CampaANUMmA.
Flowers in a dense scorpioid spike .. us .. 98. PENTAPHRAGMA.
Flowers in a dense cylindric spike .. ats .. 4, SPHENOCLEA.

1. Lopetia, Linn.

Herbs of various sizes, sometimes very small, sometimes erect and
very tall; undershrubs or shrubs. Leaves alternate, usually toothed.
Inflorescence either 1-flowered, in the axils of leaves or bracts, or in a
terminal leafy raceme; bracteoles very small or none. Calyx-tube
adnate to the ovary, turbinate, hemispheric, obovoid or rarely oblong-
linear; limb 5-partite or 5-fid, lobes often unequal. Corolla oblique,
2-lipped ; upper lip 2-, lower 3-partite or -lobed. Staminal tube free
from the corolla or adnate only at the base; anthers with 2 lower
tipped with bristles, 3 upper naked, or else all penicillate. Ovary
inferior, 2-celled; placentas hemispheric; ovules numerous; stigma
shortly bifid. Capsule loculicidally 2-valved within the calyx-tube.
Seeds very many, minute, ellipsoid, compressed or trigonous.—DIstTRIB.
About 200 species, throughout the world, though scarce in Europe and
Western Asia.

Lopeia aFFInis, Wall. Cat. 1311. <A prostrate often rooting herb
with much-branched stem, pubescent or glabrate. Leaves ovate-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 53

rotundate, acute at apex, rounded or truncate or cordate and more or
less decurrent at base, ‘5 to 2 in. long, ‘5 to 1°5 in. broad, mucronate-
dentate or -crenate, membranous, usually strigosely hairy on the
nerves especially beneath, sometimes nearly glabrous; midrib slender,
main-nerves 4-6 pairs; petiole -3 to -6 in. long, more or less winged by
the decurrent margins of the blade, strigosely hairy. Flowers single,
on slender pedicels about ‘6 to 1 in. long; bracts minute; pedicels
usually deflexed in fruit. Calyx-twbe adnate to the ovary, ribbed,
strigose, obconical; lobes 5 linear spreading, ‘1 to -2 in. long, pilose.
Corolla purple, ‘2 to :25 in. long, 2 upper lobes falcate-lanceolate,
3 lower connate, teeth short. Stanwnal tube as long as or longer than
corolla, anthers all penicillate. Ovary 2-celled, style long, stigma bifid,
lobes rounded, recurved, ovules many. Capsule ribbed, strigose. Seed
small, ellipsoid trigonous. DC. Prod. VII. 360; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II.
574; Hook. f. and Th. in Journ. Linn. Soe. IT. 27; Clarke in Hook. f.
Fl. Br. Ind. III. 424; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 57; Prain Beng. Plants I.
633. L. zeylanica, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey and Wall. II.
113; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 211, not of Linn. L.
subcuneata, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 574. L. succwlenta and L. Heyneana,
Bl. Bidr. 728.

Penane: Ridley 7162, 10185; J. Scott. Prrax: Ridley 2902;
Curtis 2025 ; Scortechini 309, 344; King’s Collector 2376. SINGAPORE:
Kuwrz.—Distris. Hastern Bengal, Burma, Ceylon, Malay Islands,
Southern China.

Isotoma longiflora, Presl, is an introduced West Indian plant found in shady
places. Prnanc: Deschamps. St1necarorE: Hullett 29; Kunstler 90.

2. CAMPANUM@HA, Blume.

Perennial erect or climbing herbs with tuberous roots. Leaves
opposite, petiolate, usually cordate. Flowers usually large, solitary,
peduneled, terminal or axillary on short leafless flowering branches.
Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, or below it, persistent, 4- to 6-partite
with spreading lobes. Corolla broadly campanulate, the base adherent
to the calyx-tube, 4- to 6-lobed; white, greenish, or lurid-purple in
colour. Stamens 4-6, inserted round the base of the corolla-tube ;
filaments dilated; anthers free. Ovary 4-6-celled, placentas thick,
many ovuled; style cylindric, stigma 4-6-cleft with short broad lobes.
Frwit a berry, sub-globose or with truncate top, indehiscent. Seeds
very many, small, ellipsoid.—Distris. 5-6 species, all of Hastern
tropical and sub-tropical and temperate Asia.

CAMPANUMHA CELEBICA, Blume Bijdr. 727. An erect herb reaching
4 to 5 feet in height, with horizontal spreading smooth branches.

54 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, rounded at base or cuneate, often
unequal, 3 in. long, ‘75 to 1 in. broad, serrate or almost entire, the
serratures mucronate; chartaceous; glabrous above, glaucous and
glabrous or with scattered pubescence beneath ; midrib slender, main-
nerves 4-6 pairs at about 30 degrees with the midrib, arching and
joining near the margin; petiole short, :15 to :25 in. long. Flowers
solitary, terminal or in the forks of a dichotomous cyme; peduncles
‘3 to *5 in. long, those of terminal flowers shorter ; bracts small linear.
Calyx-tube in bud shortly adnate to the ovary, in fruit often half-way
up; teeth -2 to °3 in. long, linear-lanceolate, often serrate. Corolla
epigynous, shortly campanulate, white or yellowish-white, -3 to °5 in.
long; lobes 5, triangular acute. Stamens ‘15 in. long; anthers linear,
05 in. long, filaments dilated. Ovary 5-6-celled; style thickened
upwards, then cylindric, angled; stigma about 4-cleft. Berry -3 to.
‘4 in. in diam., globose, white, slightly succulent, becoming nearly dry,
breaking up irregularly. Seeds very many, minute, ovoid, flattened,
testa smooth. A. DC. Monog. Camp. 120, Prod. VII. 423; Clarke in
Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 436; Prain Beng. Plants I. 634. C. truncata,
Endl. Gen. Pl. I. 515. Codonopsis truncata, Wall. Cat. 1301; DC. Le.
123; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 566. C. leucocarpa and C. celebica, Miq..
lc. Il. 565, 566. C. albiflora, Griff. Notul. IV. 279. Cyclocodon
lancifoluwum, Kurz in Flora 303; Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. 210,
partly. C.truncatum, Hook. f. and Th. in Journ. Linn. Soe. II. 18.
C. adnatus, Griff.; Benth. in Gen. Pl. II. 558. Campanula lancsfolia,
Roxb. Fl. Ind. I. 505; DC lec. 485.

PENANG: Curtis 2089. Purax: Wray 3236; Scortechint.—DistRie..
India from the Sikkim Himalaya to Chittagong and Burma, Malay
Islands, Southern China.

3. PentapHRacma, Wall.

Fleshy perennial herbs, with short, often rooting, little-branched
stems. Leaves alternate, broad, rounded, sometimes very unequal at
the base, petioles rather long. Inflorescence of axillary or lateral dense
bracteate scorpioid spikes or racemes, the flowers generally in pairs
between the bracts. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary; lobes 4-5,
superior, obtuse, persistent, unequal in size. Corolla campanulate, the:
tube short, lobes 4-5. Stamens 5 alternate with the corolla-lobes,
epigynous or on the corolla tube; anthers ovate or oblong; filaments
dilated, curved outwards when open. Ovary 3-5-celled; style short,
cylindric; stigma large, cylindric or conical, obscurely 4—5-lobed ;
placentas bifid, ovules many. /7wt a more or less succulent berry,
dehiscence unknown (cf. Roxb. Fl. Ind. I. 506). Seeds very many,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 55

small, ellipsoid, testa reticulate-rugose——Distris. About 7 species,
all from the Malay Archipelago and Peninsula.

Leaves markedly serrate, very unequal-sided ie ... 1. P. begoniefolium.
Leayes entire or only slightly dentate, nearly or quite equal-
sided :—
Stem short, flower spikes from upper axils, calyx and corolla
usually 5-lobed oe a -- -. 2. P. Scortechinit.
Stem elongate, flower spikes from lower axils, calyx and
corolla usually 4-lobed .. oc ne .. 3. P. Ridleyi.

1. PENTAPHRAGMA BEGONIZFOLIUM, Wall. Cat. 1313. A _ short-
stemmed fleshy herb, with flexuose rooting stems and few branches
covered with crispate ferruginous woolly hairs. Leaves alternate,
ovate, the base obliquely excised on one side, cordate on the other,
shortly acuminate at apex, 6 to 10 in. long, 4 to 5 in. broad, coarsely
serrate, sparsely crispate-villous ; midrib thick, near the excised side,
main-nerves 1 on the excised side, 4-5 on the other, the nerves again
branching outwards ; petiole :3 to 1 in. long, crispate-villous as are the
nerves beneath. Inflorescence a short, 1.to 4 in. long, scorpioid, shortly
peduncled spike, with 2-ranked flowers between ovate membranous
bracts ‘25 in. long, axillary in the uppermost leaves; flowers dull
yellow supported by an oblong or spathulate villous bracteole 2 in.
long, -1 in. broad. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, ovoid, crispate
villous; lobes 5 obtuse, rounded, recurved, shorter than the tube,
crispate villous without, glabrous within. Corolla white, campanulate,
5-lobed, the lobes spreading and recurved, marcescent, oblong obtuse
glabrous. Stamens 5, free, -1 to ‘125 in. long; anthers oblong, filaments
dilated at base. Ovary turbinate, 3-celled; ovules many, on axile
placentas ; style short, stigma cylindrically peltate, obscurely 3-lobed.
Frwit a berry, dehiscence not known; seeds very many, testa pro-
minently reticulate. DC. Prod. VII. 495; Hook. f. and Th. in Journ.
Linn. Soc. IT. 26; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 568; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc.
Beng. XLVI. ii. 210; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. ITT. 437; Baillon
Hist. des Plantes, VIII. 323, t. 152-154; Schonl. in Engl. and Pr. Nat.
Pfiz—Fam. IV. 5, 60, fig. 37. Phytewma begonifoliwm, Roxb. Hort.
Beng. 85, Fl. Ind. I. 505; Jack in Hook. Bot. Misc. I. 276, t. 57.

Penane: Wallich 1313; Mamgay 2266 (K.D. 712); Stoliczka ;
Deschamps; Hullett 200; Kunstler 1598. Prrax: Scortechini 336
(part); Wray 3668. Sinecarore: Lobb.—Distris. Mergui, Griffith.
A plant of the undergrowth in dense shady forests. Ridley (Trans.
Linn. Soc. III.) (1893, 315) says that it ‘“‘ grows on rocks along the
Tahan River, and also far in the woods, in rocky valleys, common.”’

2. PENTAPHRAGMA SCORTECHINII, n. sp., King & Gamble. A

56 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

short-stemmed fleshy herb, creeping and rooting below, afterwards
erect; branches flexuose, more or less crispately pilose. Leaves
alternate, ovate or oblong-ovate, blunt or very shortly acuminate at
apex, usually cuneately narrowed below and partly decurrent, some-
times slightly excised on one side; 4 to 10 in. long, 2 to 6 in. broad,
entire or faintly dentate, margin often recurved, fleshy, glabrous or
slightly rough above, crispately pilose and pale beneath; midrib very
thick, sometimes slightly to one side, main-nerves about 4 pair, arched
upwards and again branched; petiole thick, 2 to 3 in. long, crispately
pilose. Inflorescence a short, 1 to 2 in. long, scorpioid, very shortly
peduneled spike, with 2-ranked flowers between ovate obtuse bracts,
axillary either singly or in pairs from the axils of upper leaves, or
lateral below them; flowers white with a yellow centre, bracteole
wanting. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, ovoid, villous without; lobes
5, ovate obtuse, unequal in size, °15 to -2 in. long, 3-nerved. Corolla
campanulate, tube short; lobes 5 spreading and recurved, marcescent,
glabrous. Stamens free, ‘05 to ‘1 long, recurved; anthers linear;
filaments narrowly winged. Ovary turbinate, 3-celled; ovules many
immersed in fleshy axile placentas; style short, stigma conical,
obscurely lobed. Fruit a berry, apparently indehiscent ; seeds very
many, ellipsoid, papillose-reticulate.

PerAK: Scortechim 336; Wray 352, 389; King’s Collector 958,
2653. Panana: Ridley. Dense forest undergrowth in the hills at
2,000-4,000 feet, in moist places.

Var. parvifolia, King & Gamble, a smaller more erect plant, scarcely
more than 6 in. high; much less villous, the leaves smaller, oblong,
obtuse or slightly acute, 4 in. long and 2 in. broad; the inflorescence
shorter and the flowers smaller.

Pauane, at Salian River: Ridley. Sincarors, at Bukit Timah:
Firdley.

Var. flocculosa, King & Gamble, leaves ovate rotundate, thick,
younger ones densely clothed beneath with crispate villous felt, margins
recurved ; the main-nerves rarely more than two pairs, all starting from
close to the base. Inflorescence short, much curved, usually supported
by a pair of rounded reduced leaves. Corolla-lobes prominently recurved.
Anthers oblong, cells often divaricate.

Perak: Scortechini. JoHORE, at Goonong Pulai, 1,800 feet: G. King.

This species igs a very variable one, and some forms almost run into P. begonice-
folium. Owing to the calyx and corolla being persistent and more or less marcescent,
they vary much in size in different flowers on the same plant, and it is difficult to find
characters for the varieties, one or both of which may eventually prove to be separate
species.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 57

3. PENTAPHRAGMA RIDLEYI, n. sp., King & Gamble. A fleshy
herbaceous plant, 10 to 12 in. in height; stem -25 in. thick, smooth, at
first creeping afterwards erect. Leaves ovate, equal-sided, bluntly
acute at apex, cuneate at base, 6 to 8 in. long, 3°5 to 4°5 in. broad,
glabrous on both surfaces, entire or only very minutely dentate on the
margin; midrib broad, main-nerves 4-5 pairs nearly straight, slanting
upwards; petiole 1 in. long. Inflorescence a short, 1 to 1°5 in. long,
nearly sessile spike, with 2-ranked flowers between ovate-spathulate
usually 3-nerved glabrous pale bracts; each flower with a ‘15 in.
long, linear-spathulate, 1-nerved bracteole, ciliate at tip; flowers small,
‘2 to -25in. long, Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary; lobes 4—5, equal or
unequal in size, usually -1 in. long, 3-nerved, the nerves arching.
Corolla-tube short, lobes 4-5, linear-oblong, emarginate, recurved,
glabrous without, minutely pubescent within, white spotted at base
with purple, nerves 3. Stamens adnate at base to the corolla-tube,
05 to -07 in. long, anthers club-shaped, filaments dilated below. Ovary
turbinate, 3-celled ; ovules many on axile placentas; stigma rounded,
3—5-lobed, on a very short conical style. Frwit a berry, conical at top,
apparently indehiscent; seeds rather few and large; testa beautifully
reticulate.

SINGAPORE: fizdley 103.—In damp ravines at Bukit Timah (Herb.
Kew).

4, SPHENOCLEA, Gaertn.

An annual erect glabrous herb, of marshy places. Leaves alternate,
lanceolate, entire. Flowers in dense cylindric terminal or leaf-opposed
peduncled spikes; very small, sessile, each with one bract and two
bracteoles. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, turbinate or hemispherical;
lobes 5, sub-foliaceous. Corolla campanulate, 5-lobed, valvate. Stamens
5, inserted on the base of the corolla; filaments shortly dilated; anthers
short, free. Ovary semi-inferior, 2-celled; placentas axile, bearing
many ovules; style short, stigma obscurely 2-lobed. Capsule semi-
inferior, depresso-globose, circumsciss at the margin of the calyx-tube,
the crown and calyx-lobes deciduous. Seeds very numerous, minute,
oblong. A single species.

SPHENOCLEA ZEYLANICA, Gaertn. Fruct. I. 1138, t. 24, fig. 5. An
erect annual herb, 1 to 2 feet high. Leaves alternate, lanceolate,
narrowed at both ends, 2 to 3 in. long, -25 to 1 in. broad, entire, sessile
or shortly petioled, smooth, midrib and main-nerves faint. Flowers in
dense, cylindric, terminal or leaf-opposed, peduncled spikes; peduncles
*) to 1 in. long; spikes -5 to 1:5 in., bract and bracteoles very small.
Calyz-tube adnate to the ovary, turbinate or hemispherical, lobes 5,
ovate, ‘05 to -06 in. long, somewhat enlarged in fruit and inflexed over

58 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

the disk. Corolla campanulate, 5-lobed, ‘07 to ‘1 in. long, greenish-
white, lobes short, rounded. Stamens 5, inserted at the base of the
corolla-tube ; filaments short dilated; anthers 2-celled, rounded, about
as long as filaments. Ovary semi-inferior, 2-celled; placentas axile,
stalked, bearing many ovules; style short, stigma obscurely. 2-lobed.
Capsule depressed-globose, circumsciss at the margin of the calyx-tube,
the crown and calyx-lobes deciduous. Seeds very numerous, oblong,
minute, scabrous; testa reticulate with rectangular cells. Wall. Cat.
1516; Roxb. Fl. Ind. I. 507, Fl. Ind. ed. Carey and Wall. IT. 116;
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 569; Kurz in Journ. As. Soe. Beng. XLVI. ii.
209 ; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 438; Trimen FI. Ceyl. ITI. 519;
Baillon Hist. des Plantes, VIII. 327, t. 158-161; Cooke Bomb. Flora,
IT. 75; Prain Beng. Plants I. 635; Schonl. in Engl. and Pr. Pfiz—Fam.
IV. 5, 61, fig. 38. S. Pongatiwm, A. DC. Prod. VII. 548; Wight Ill. i
138. Pongatiwm imdicum, Lamk. Ill. Il. 444; Eneye. Meth. Bot. V.
564. Gaertnera Pangati, Retz Obs. VI. 24. Rapina herbacea, Lour.
Fl. Cochinch. (ed. Willd.) I. 157. Sphenoclea, Griff. Notul. IV. 276.
“ Pongati,’’ Rheede Hort. Mal. XI. 47, t. 24.

Mauacca: Grifith—Distrip. Swampy places and wet fields, and
along river banks in tropical regions of both hemispheres.

Order LXV. VACCINIACEHA.

Shrubs or small trees, often epiphytic, with stems swollen at the
base. Leaves alternate or in pseudo-whorls, entire dentate or serrate,
evergreen, ex-stipulate. lowers in terminal or axillary racemes, or
solitary and axillary, hermaphrodite, usually regular; pedicels 1-brac-
teate and also often with 2 bracteoles, often articulate beneath the
ovary.- Calyx campanulate or cupular, the tube adherent to the ovary,
its limb persistent on the fruit, usually 5-toothed. Corolla tubular
(sometimes inflated), campanulate or globose, 5-toothed or 5d-lobed,
usually imbricate, deciduous. Stamens 10, epigynous, inserted at the
base of the corolla-tube ; anthers opening by apical pores, or often pro-
duced into 2 tubes, opening by slits, filaments flattened, free or connate
by their bases. Ovary inferior, crowned by an epigynous disk, 5-celled
or falsely 10-celled; style cylindric; stigma simple; ovules many ©
(rarely few), the placentas axile or pendulous from the upper inner
angle of each cell. Fruit baccate, rarely dry, 5- or falsely 10-celled.
Seeds numerous or few (rarely only 1) in each cell, small, compressed,
albuminous. Species about 350, natives chiefly of cold and temperate
regions throughout the world.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 59

Corolla long and tubular or campanulate, with long segments :—

Calyx-tube terete He a of .. 1, AGAPETES.
Calyx-tube 5-winged or 5-angled Se .. 2. PENTAPTERYGIUM.
Corolla small, campanulate or ovoid, its lobes stort .. 3. VACCINIUM.

1. AgapEetss, D. Don.

Shrubs, often epiphytic, the stems often much swollen near the
base. Leaves usually coriaceous, alternate, sometimes in pseudo-
whorls, from linear to elliptic, entire or toothed, sessile or with short
petioles, often glandular near the base. Flowers axillary, solitary,
corymbose or in fascicles; the pedicel often thickened or articulate
under the ovary, bracts small. Calyx globose, the limb with 5 per-
sistent teeth or lobes. Corolla tubular or campanulate, the limb with
short or long lobes, red, but often with transverse marks or with
greenish-white lobes. Stamens 10, usually with short filaments ;
anthers oblong, each with 2 long apical processes, opening by pores or
slits, often spurred behind. Disk pulvinate, often lobed. Ovary 5-celled
or falsely 10-celled ; style cylindric ; stigma capitate; ovules numerous.
Berry globose, nearly dry or succulent, 5- or 10-celled, sometimes open-
ing by pores round the disk within the calyx-teeth. Seeds numerous,
ellipsoid, testa lax.—Distris. 30 species, mostly Himalayan, a few
Malayan.

AGAPETES GRIFFITHII, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 449.
An epiphytic shrub, 3 to 15 feet long, with a tuberous stem ; young
branches half as thick as a goose-quill, terete, glabrous. Leaves
thinly coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, always caudate-
acuminate, the base rounded, both surfaces pale olivaceous-brown when
dry, glabrous, minutely reticulate; main-nerves 5 or 6 pairs, curved,
ascending, faint on both surfaces; length 3:5 to 6 in. ; breadth 1 in. to
2°65 in. ; petiole -15in. long or under. Flowers ‘3 to ‘4 in. long, axillary,
always on slender pedicels four or five times as long as themselves,
with 1 or 2 narrow bracteoles near the base, glabrous, axillary, solitary,
in pairs or in lax racemes. Calyx ‘1 to -2 in. long (enlarging in fruit),
campanulate, with 5 deep spreading triangular lobes. Corolla -25 in.
long, tubular-campanulate, the mouth with 5 triangular sub-erect
acute lobes. Anthers inserted at the base of the corolla-tube, linear,
with 2 long apical beaks dehiscing longitudinally, and 2 posteriorly-
projecting curved spurs; filaments shorter than the anthers, hairy.
Fruit globular, glabrous, crowned by the small inflexed calyx-lobes-
Seeds about 20, compressed, tubercled, black.

Matacca: Griffith. Prrax: at elevations of 2,800 to 4,000 feet,
Wray 1071; King’s Collector 3831, 6363, 8051; Ridley 5532; Scortechint-

60 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

2. PaenTaprEeRycium, Klotsch.

Shrubs, often epiphytic and with stems much thickened at the
base. Leaves alternate, ovate or lanceolate, sub-entire or toothed,
coriaceous, often with glands at the apex of the petiole. Flowers
axillary, solitary, fascicled or corymbose; the pedicels thickened near
the apex, cupular and jointed under the ovary, bracts small. Calyz-
tube large, tubular, with 5 wings or prominent angles; its lobes 5,
enlarged in fruit. Corolla tubular, the mouth with 5 short lobes,
coloured red or yellow, and often transversely marked. Stamens 10,
epigynous, the filaments short; anthers elliptic, produced into 2 long
beaks, opening by apical pores or slits, and often spurred behind.
Ovary 5-celled or spuriously 10-celled; style cylindric, often exserted ;
stigma sub-capitate; ovules very numerous. f'rwt baccate, 5-winged
or 5-ribbed, 5-celled or spuriously 10-celled. Seeds numerous, ellipsoid.
—Distris. About 6 species, natives of Hastern Himalaya, Khasia,
Malay Peninsula.

PENTAPTERYGIUM SCORTECHINII, n. sp., King & Gamble. A sar-
mentose shrub, 4 to 10 feet long, growing on rocks or trees; young
branches somewhat thinner than a goose-quill, terete, glabrous, pale
brown when dry. Leaves thickly coriaceous, ovate to ovate-rotund,
the apex blunt or sub-acute, the base broad and rounded but sometimes
slightly emarginate, the edges much recurved when dry; upper surface
shining, glabrous, pale olivaceous-brown; the lower darker; midrib
strong, deeply depressed on the upper surface, prominent on the lower ;
main-nerves about 4 pairs, spreading, the two lower much the larger,
all curved, mostly depressed on the upper surface and prominent on
the lower; length 1°75 to 3 in.; breadth ‘8 to 2 in. ; petioles -25 to 4 in.
Flowers 1 in. long, few together, in axillary or terminal corymbs; their
pedicels about ‘6 in. long, with 1 or more linear bracts at the base.
Calyx inflated, tubular, narrowed towards the mouth, glabrous, lobes of
the mouth triangular, acute, erect, the lower half of the tube attached
to the ovary. Corolla inserted on the concave disk of the ovary,
slightly exserted from the calyx, tubular, inflated towards the middle ;
lobes of the mouth short, lanceolate, reflexed ; tube with rufous pubes-
cence outside, glabrous within; style cylindric, glabrous, slightly ex-
serted. Frwt unknown.

Perak, at elevations of about 4,500 feet: King’s Collector 8152;
Wray 210; Scortechim 309.

3. VACCINIUM, Linn.

Shrubs, sometimes epiphytic. Leaves usually small, alternate, but
sometimes in pseudo-whorls, from lanceolate to ovate, entire or serrate.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 61

Flowers usually small, axillary or terminal, in racemes fascicles or
corymbs rarely solitary, usually bracteate and bracteolate. Calyx-tube
globose, its teeth 4 or 5, small. Corolla urceolate, tubular or ovoid,
5-lobed, pink white or greenish-yellow. Stamens 8 or 10, free, inserted
near the base of the corolla-tube; anthers oblong, with two apical
cylindric tubes dehiscing by terminal slits, sometimes appendiculate at
the base (apical tubes very short in one or two species). Disk cushion-
shaped, convex, sometimes lobed. Ovary 4- or 5-celled, or falsely
8-10-celled; style cylindric; stigma simple; ovules few or several in
each cell. Hrwit a more or less globose berry, crowned by the persistent
calyx-lobes, 5-celled or falsely 10-celled. Seeds small, 1 or more in
each cell, ellipsoid, compressed ; testa firm, smooth.—Distris. Species
about 140, in the Northern Hemisphere or on mountain ranges in the
tropics.

Leaves broadly elliptic, ovate-rotund or oblanceolate, the
apex broad, sometimes minutely apiculate but never acute,
very coriaceous :—
Leaves under -75 in. in length, elliptic or obovate-ellip-
tic ; corolla -3 in. long, tapering to the mouth; a small
glabrous tree or bush. é . L. V. Scortechinit.
Leaves under 1 in. in jeneth, ae or elliptio ; ; corollane2
to -25 in. long, the mouth wide, truncate; an epiphytic
shrub, glabrous except the scurfy branches .. -- 2. V. microphylla.
Leaves elliptic, their apices sub-obtuse, the base truncate
or minutely cordate, 1 to 1°35 in. long; flowers enveloped

?

in large deciduous bracts oc 5c -- 3. V. glabrescens.
Leaves broadly oblanceolate or spathulate, much narrowed
to the base ete ae -. 4. V. viscifolium.

Leaves obovate- IES disiiti narrowed to the apex but
never acuminate, coriaceous; flowers °35 in. long, in

axillary racemes oc 50 .. 5. V. Teysmanni.
Leaves elliptic to elliptic-oblong, jai acute acute or acumi-
nate :—

Leaves entire :—
Leaves glabrous :—

Leaves coriaceous :—
Leaves with 4 or 5 pairs of main-nerves; flowers
-2 in. long, in axillary and terminal racemes:
mouth of corolla entire or obscurely toothed ; a
shrub or small tree; anthers with short broad
beaks sie . 6. V. bancanum.
Leaves with 3 pairs of main-nerves; feoratle2 in.
long; its mouth with 5 short, broad, recurved
lobes; beaks of anthers truncate, shorter than the
cells, epiphytic ef . .. 1% V. Kunsilert.

Leaves sub-coriaceous, their main-nerves 3 pairs;

flowers -35 in. long; beaks of anthers more than

twice as long as the cells; epiphytic .. .. 8. V. Hasseltii.

62 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Leaves pubescent or puberulous beneath :—
Leaves coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-lan-
ceolate, with very long caudate acuminate ee
under surface pubescent or puberulous .. . 9. V. acuminatissimum.
Leaves serrate (sometimes faintly so) sub-coriaceous,
glabrous; flowers ‘3 in. long; beaks of anthers twice
aslong asthe cells .. Se ne .. 10. V. malaccense.

1. Vaccinium ScCORTECHINI, n. sp., King & Gamble. A small
tree or large shrub; young branches rather thicker than a crow-quill,
dark and much angled when dry, glabrous. Leaves small, coriaceous,
elliptic or obovate-elliptic, the apex rounded, the base slightly cuneate,
the edges much recurved; upper surface olivaceous-brown, shining
when dry; the lower brown, dull, faintly reticulate ; sparsely scaly ;
main-nerves a single pair, rarely 2 pairs, curving upwards, converging
at their apices, faint on both surfaces; the midrib depressed on the
upper surface, prominent on the lower; length -3 to -45 in.; breadth
-25 to °35 in.; petiole very short. lowers about °35 in. eae solitary,
axillary, Wer pedicels less than -1 in. long, minutely bracteate at the
base, pubescent like the outside of the calyx and corolla. Calyx cam-
panulate, the 5 teeth triangular, acute, erect. Corolla about 3 in. long,
cylindric, inflated below and tapering to the mouth; the lobes short,
broad, blunt, erect or reflexed. Stamens 10, each with 2 apical truncate
beaks shorter than themselves, but no basal processes ; filaments longer
than the anthers, hairy. Ovary with a flat top, 5-celled, each cell with
several ovules. Style cylindric, nearly as long as the corolla, pubescent
in its lower third, otherwise glabrous. Fvwit globular, crowned by the
inflexed calyx-lobes, tomentose, many-seeded ; seeds not compressed.

Prrak: Scortechint; Wray, at elevations of 6,000 and 6,700 feet,
888 and 356; King’s Collector 8028.

By the fall of the leaves, in the axils of which they are produced, the flowers
appear as if they were in racemes. This closely resembles V. buxifoiiwm and V.
coriaceum, Hook. fil., of which figures are given in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 891 and 892, but
this has much narrower flowers and broader leaves than either.

2. VACCINIUM MICROPHYLLUM, Blume Bijdr. 851. LHpiphytic on
tall trees ; a small much-branched shrub; young branches as thick as
a crow-quill, with small black deciduous scurf. Leaves coriaceous,
ovate or elliptic, the apex and base blunt, the former sometimes with a
minute apiculus ; upper surface bright olivaceous and shining when dry, '
the lower pale-brown and dull, both faintly reticulate when dry; main-
nerves usually a single pair, curving upwards from the base of the mid-
rib and passing to near the apex a little inside the edges, depressed like
the midrib on the upper surface when dry, but very faint on the lower ;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 63

length ‘5 to 75 in.; breadth ‘3 tod in.; petioles about ‘05 in. long, hairy.
Flowers *2 to ‘25 in. long, axillary, usually solitary, decurved; pedicels
‘05 in. long, or less. Calyx inferior, about -2 in. across, flat, deeply
divided into 5 broadly triangular, sub-acute, spreading lobes. Corolla
glabrous, widely cylindric-campanulate, deeply cut into 5 broadly
triangular acute or sub-acute erect lobes. Stamens 10, from the base of
the corolla; anthers oblong, each with an apical process shorter than
itself but with no basal appendage ; filaments shorter than the anthers,
curved, expanded at the base. Ovary superior, broad with flat apex.
Style cylindric, as long as the corolla; stigma capitate; ovules few in
each cell. Hrwt globular, surrounded by and adherent to the calyx,
*2 in. in diam. Migq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 1063. Diplycosia microphylla,
Beccari, Malesia 212; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 458.

Matacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3484; Maimgay (K.D.) 700; Lobb.
Pxrak, at elevations of 3,000 feet: Wray 470, 1105; Scortechuw 1171;
King’s Collector 3660, 6390. Kepan: Ridley 5528, 5529.—DistTRIB.
Borneo, Celebes, Ternate.

3. VACCINIUM GLABRESCENS, n. sp., King & Gamble. LHpiphytic;
young branches rather thicker than a-crow-quill, dark-coloured when
dry, minutely pubescent. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic, the apex sub-
obtuse, the base sub-truncate and minutely cordate ; upper surface dark
olivaceous-brown when dry, reticulate, smooth, shining ; lower surface
brown when dry, minutely pubescent like the petiole (glabrescent when
old); main-nerves 3 or 4 pairs, pinnate, ascending, rather straight ;
length 1 to 1:35 in.; breadth -6 to 1 in.; petiole under ‘1 in. long.
Facemes solitary, terminal, 3 or 4 times longer than the leaves, bearing
at the base of each flower a large lanceolate pubescent deciduous bract
-4 in. long and about -2 in. broad at the middle. Frwit sub-rotund or
ellipsoid, baccate, softly and minutely pubescent, crowned by the
inflexed triangular calyx-teeth, ‘2 in. long and -15 in. in diam., 5-celled,
each cell with several angled seeds.

Perak: Scortechint (without number).

4, VACCINIUM VISCIFOLIUM, n. sp., King & Gamble. Young
branches half as thick as a goose-quill, striate and pale-brown when
dry. Leaves very coriaceous, broadly oblanceolate or spathulate, the
apex very blunt, narrowed from below the middle to the short flattened
petiole, the edges slightly recurved; upper surface olivaceous when
dry, the lower bright brown, both glabrous ; main-nerves 2 or 3 pairs,
originating from the midrib near its base, ascending, little curved, very
prominent like the midrib on the upper surface but faint on the lower;
length 2 to 2:75 in. ; breath ‘8 to 1:25 in. ; petioles about:1 in. Hacemes
terminal and axillary, often forming, from the fall of the leaves, pseudo-

64 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

panicles several times longer than the leaves. Flowers not seen.
Fruit on curved deflexed peduncles, ‘5 in. in length, globular, baccate,
‘2 in. in diam., crowned by the persistent disk and by the 5 minute
triangular calyx-teeth, 10-celled, the cells with more than one small
angled seed.

Perak: Scortechin 405; Wray, at an elevation of 6,700 feet,
328.

Var. minor, King & Gamble. Leaves only 1:2 to 1'6 in. in length,
their 3 or 4 pairs of nerves not so much from the base of the midrib ;
racemes not much longer than the leaves; fruit only :15 in. in diam. ;
pedicels under -2 in. long. é

PERAE, at elevations of 5,000 feet : Scortechini 404 ; King’s Collector
8020.

5. Vaccinium Trysmanni, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 1062. A medium-
sized tree ; young branches somewhat thinner than a goose-quill, dark-
coloured and striate when dry. Leaves coriaceous, broadly obovate,
often almost rotund-obovate or elliptic, rarely oblanceolate, the apex
obtuse or rounded, rarely retuse or sub-acute, the base cuneate and
merging in the broad, sometimes glandular petiole; both surfaces
glabrous and faintly reticulate, upper olivaceous when dry, shining,
the lower dark-brown, the midrib broad on both; main-nerves 4 to 6
pairs, curving upwards and anastomosing freely, more prominent on
the upper than on the lower surface ; length 2°5 to 3:5 in. ; breadth 1-25
to 2:25 in.; petiole ‘2 to °4 in. long. Facemes slender, often longer than
the leaves, axillary and extra-axillary, their rachises somewhat com-
pressed and angled, often puberulous; pedicels slender, curved, minutely
bracteolate or ebracteolate at the base, -15 to -2 in. long. Flowers -35 in.
long; their pedicels ‘15 in. long, decurved or not, puberulous like the
outside of the calyx. Calyx less than ‘1 in. long, campanulate, with 5
acutely triangular spreading teeth. Corolla white, puberulous, narrowly
cylindric, tapering slightly to the mouth ; lobes 5, very short, spreading
or reflexed. Stamens 8 or 10, included or sub-exserted; anthers nar-
rowly oblong, with 2 long apical spurs, but without basal appendages,
shorter than the tapering hairy filaments. Ovary hemispheric, deeply
grooved ; style as long as the corolla, grooved; stigmas 5, very short,
linear. Capsule unknown.

Perak: On Gunong Bubu, at elevations of 4,500 feet, Scortechine
498, 443; Wray 1117, 3909; Curtis 8703.—Distris. Java. ;

6. Vaccinium BANcANUM, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 587. A small
tree; young branches twice as thick as a crow-quill, deciduously
puberulous, pale and angled when dry. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic to
elliptic-oblong, the apex sub-acute acute or acuminate, the base

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 65

cuneate ; both surfaces yellowish-brown when dry and rather dull, the
lower reticulate ; the edges slightly recurved or not; main-nerves 4 or
5 pairs, ascending, slightly curved, faint on both surfaces; length 1 to
2°5 in.; breadth *5 to ‘8 in.; petioles ‘1 in. long. acemes axillary and
terminal, twice as long as the leaves, their rachises puberulous, angled
when dry. Flowers -2 in. long; their pedicels slender, decurved, -1 to
‘2 in. long, puberulous, minutely bracteolate at the base. Calyx
puberulous, cupular, -15 in. across, deeply divided into 5 triangular
sub-acute spreading lobes. Corolla ovoid or ovoid-globulose, with trun-
cate, wide, entire, wavy or obscurely toothed mouth, puberulous outside.
Stamens 10, shorter than the corolla and inserted at its base; anthers
short, broad, with 2 short, trumpet-shaped, curved apical processes,
opening by wide pores, and, at the base of these processes behind,
2 curved, slender filamentous spurs; the filaments longer than the
anthers, flattened, tapering from the base upwards, pubescent. Ovary
depressed, bearing a slightly convex 10-grooved disk and many hairs.
Fruit -2 to :25 in. in diam., depressed-globular, crowned by the inflexed
calyx-lobes, minutely pubescent, 5-celled ; seeds numerous, triangular,
reticulate, shining. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 454. V. ez-
aristatum, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng., 1873, Pt. II. 96; 1877,
Bits 252 Hors Bl, Burm: LE. 91.

PrERak, at elevations of from 5,000 to 6,500 feet: Wray 328, 1528,
3912; King’s Collector 7018. Manacca: Mount Ophir, Mozon ;
Maingay (K.D.) 699.—Distris. Bangka.

7. Vaccinium KuNstLEeRI, n. sp., King & Gamble. Epiphytic;
everywhere glabrous; young branches one-third of the thickness of a
goose-quill, dark and striate when dry. Leaves coriaceous, lanceolate
or narrowly elliptic, the apex acuminate, the base much narrowed, the
edges slightly recurved; both surfaces brown when dry, the upper
tinged with olivaceous and reticulate ; main-nerves 3 pairs, ascending,
little curved, slightly prominent on the upper surface only ; length 2 to
2°5 in.; breadth -5 to -65 in.; petioles -1 to -15 in. long. Facemes about
as long as the leaves, axillary, minutely bracteolate at the base of the
flowers. Flowers :2 in. long, their puberulous pedicels slender, -1 to
15 in. long. Calyx cupular-campanulate, about -05 in. long, the limb
spreading, wavy, with indistinct broad lobes. Corolla tubular-ovoid,
15 to -2 in. long, the mouth with 5 broad, blunt, short recurved lobes.
Stamens 10, slightly shorter than the corolla or as long ; anthers small,
oblong, each with 2 short, diverging, apical truncate processes, but with
none at the base ; filaments three times as long as the anthers, taper-
ing, flattened and hairy below, cylindric above. Ovary 5-celled, with
several ovules in each cell, depressed; disk slightly convex with radiating

5)

66 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

grooves; style slightly exserted, hairy below; stigma small. Frwt
globular, -2 in. in diam.

Perak, on Maxwell’s Hill, elevation 3,500 feet: Scortechini 39,
428 ; King’s Collector 8415.

This closely resembles V. bancanwm, Miq., but it is an epiphyte. Its leaves,
moreover, are narrowly elliptic or lanceolate, and they have only 3 pairs of main-
nerves. The flowers of this are puberulous, and the mouth of the corolla, instead of
being entire, has 5 broad, short, recurved lobes. The apical processes on the anthers
are also of a different shape from those in V. bancanum.

8. Vaccinium Hassexti, Mig. Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. I. 40. An
erect shrub; young branches twice as thick as a crow-quill, dark-
coloured and angled when dry, glabrous. Leaves elliptic to elliptic-
oblong, thinly coriaceous, glabrous, the apex acuminate (often caudately
so) ; upper surface olivaceous-brown, the lower paler; main-nerves 3
pairs, very slightly curved and erect or ascending, the lower pairs
passing almost to the apex, faint but distinct on both surfaces, some of
the nerves transverse, the others vertical ; length 1:5 to 2°5 in.; breadth
‘6 to 1:25 in.; petioles -2 to -25 in. long, slender. acemes axillary and
terminal, usually slightly longer than the leaves, their rachises at first
puberulous but ultimately glabrous, ebracteolate; flower-pedicels slender,
curved or straight, about -15 in. long. Calyx shortly cupular, with 5
spreading, broad, sub-acute or blunt teeth. Corolla about -35 in. long,
sub-cylindric, narrowing upwards to the mouth; the lobes 5, broad,
blunt, erect or reflexed, very short, each bearing a small tuft of hairs.
Stamens 10, as long as the corolla; anthers oblong, with 2 apical beaks
more than twice as long as themselves but with no basal appendages ;
the filaments shorter than the beaks but longer than the anther-cells,
broad and hairy at the base. Ovary much compressed, surmounted by
a large, much corrugated disk; style as long as the corolla, tapering,
boldly ridged. Frwt globular, smooth, glabrous, ‘3 in. in diam.,
crowned by the minute calyx-lobes. V. bancanum, Migq., var. anguste-
folium, Scheff.

Perak: King’s Collector 7515; Derry 3702; Wray 4012. Panane:
Ridley 1363, 10895. Jonorn: Ridley 6316, 6323. Sincapore: Lidley
3030, 63164, 8907.—Distris. Bangka.

9. VACCINIUM ACUMINATISSIMUM, Mig. Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. I. 36.
Epiphytic shrub, 3 to 8 feet long; young branches half as thick
as a goose-quill or less, clothed with short cinereous pubescence.
Leaves coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, the apex
caudate-acuminate, the base cuneate, the edges when dry much re-
curved; both surfaces dark olivaceous-brown when dry: the upper

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 67

shining, faintly and minutely reticulate, glabrous except the puberulous
midrib, lower surface dull, dark cinereous-puberulous, especially on
the midrib and nerves; main-nerves 4 or 5 pairs, unequal, slightly
curved, ascending, the second lowest pair much larger than the others
and more erect, all (like the midrib) depressed on the upper surface and
bold and prominent on the lower ; length 3°5 to 5 in.; breadth 1 in. to
1:75 in.; petioles ‘15 in. long, pubescent and with several short hispid
axillary processes at their bases. tacemes axillary, shorter than the
leaves, slender, pubescent; flower-pedicels -1 in. long, pubescent like
the calyx, minutely bracteate at the base. Calyx when nearly ripe
-15 in. in diam., with an ovoid-globular tube pubescent outside, the
mouth with 5 triangular acute incurved lobes. Corolla not seen. Seeds
several, compressed, black, pitted. Hricacea, Wall. Cat. 7528.

PERAK, at elevations of from 5,000 to 6,000 feet: Wray 1159, 1418,
2821; Scortechint 472; King’s Collector 3509, 6734, 7810. SINGAPORE:
Fidley 6235.—Distris. Sumatra (Beccari 516), Java, Borneo.

10. VaccInIuM MALACCENSE, Wight in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist VIII.
(1847) 172. An erect shrub; all parts except the inflorescence glabrous;
young branches as thick as a crow-quill, angled, brown when dry.
Leaves coriaceous, lanceolate or elliptic, the apex acuminate, the base
cuneate or acuminate, the edges finely crenate-serrate; both surfaces
brown when dry, the lower the paler ; main-nerves 4 or 4 pairs, slightly
curved, ascending, interarching within the edge, not prominent on
either surface; length 1 to 2-25 in.; breadth ‘6 to ‘9 in.; petioles -1 to
-15in. long. Hacemes axillary and terminal, longer than the leaves, many-
flowered, puberulous like the pedicels and flowers; pedicels slender,
curved downwards, ‘15 in. long (lengthening in fruit), each with 1 con-
cave, lanceolate, caducous bract at its base, and 1 or 2 smaller subulate
bracteoles inside it. Flowers °3 in. long. Calyx campanulate, under
-1 in. long, its lobes narrowly triangular, acuminate, spreading. Corolla
ovoid-cylindric, slightly narrowed to the mouth; lobes of limb very
short, reflexed. Stamens 10, shorter than the corolla; anthers with
2 apical beaks longer than themselves but with no basal processes ;
filaments longer than the anthers, bulbous. and hairy at the base.
Ovary depressed, the disk thick; style cylindric, ridged, a little shorter
than the corolla. Fruit depressed-globose, glabrous, °35 in. broad.
Wight Ic. 1186; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 587; Clarke in Hook. f.
Fil. Br. Ind. III. 454. Epigyniwn malaccense, Klotzsch in Linnea,
XXIV. 50.

Manacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3458/1; Maingay (K.D.) 698; Lobb.
SineaPoreE: Ridley. Panana: Ridley 1025. Prrax: Ridley 3605.—
Distris. Bangka, Java, Cochin-China.

68 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Order LXVI. ERICACEA.

Shrubs, trees, or perennial herbs. Leaves alternate or in pseudo-
whorls, ex-stipulate, entire or serrate. Flowers in racemes or fascicles
or solitary; pedicels bracteate and sometimes bi-bracteolate. Flowers
regular or (in Rhododendron) slightly irregular, hermaphrodite, some-
times dimorphous. Calyx free or (in Diplycosia) sometimes adnate to
the ovary, with 5 rarely 4 or 6, teeth or lobes. Corolla hypogynous,
persistent or deciduous, campanulate cylindric or urceolate, with 4 or
5 (varely 6 to 10) imbricate or contorted, rarely valvate teeth or lobes
(polypetalous in Pyrola). Stamens hypogynous or slightly attached to
the base of the corolla; 10, or sometimes 5, 8, or 20 (in Duplycosia
sometimes epigynous) ; filaments free or united into a tube by their
bases ; anthers 2-celled, basi- or dorsi-fixed, dehiscing by apical pores.
or slits, the cells often prolonged into apical tubes, sometimes dorsally »
spurred. Disk various, annular or convex, crenate or lobed, sometimes.
absent. Ovary 5-celled (rarely 4- to 16-celled) ; style slender, cylin-
dric; stigma capitate or plane, entire or shortly lobed. Ovules
numerous, rarely few, on placentas in the inner angles of the cells or
pendulous from the upper corner. /rwit capsular, 5-celled, many-
seeded, sometimes appearing baccate from the adherence of the enlarged
succulent calyx. Seeds many, small, angled or compressed, albumi-
nous ; the testa often loose.—Distris. About 1,200, in all parts of the
world.

Fruit capsular :—
Capsule 5-valved, loculicidal :—
Calyx surrounding the capsule succulent in fruit :—

Anthers with 2 horns at the apex .. a0 .. 1. GAvULTHERIA.
Anthers not horned on the apex .. 06 .. 2. Drpnycosia.
Calyx not succulent in fruit at 3. Pieris.
Capsule 5- to 20-celled, septicidal, calyx not suceulenin in iruit;
anthers dehiscing by pores .. O° o8 .. 4, RHODODENDRON..

Fruit baccate a AG ne oe .. 9. PERNETTYOPSIS..

1. GauuTHerRtié, Linn.

Hrect or procumbent shrubs, rarely epiphytic. Leaves coriaceous,
persistent, alternate, serrate or serrulate, penni-nerved. lowers small,,
occasionally dimorphic, in axillary or terminal racemes, or axillary and
solitary, bracteate and bi-bracteolate.. Calyx with 5 teeth or lobes,
enlarged, succulent and coloured in fruit and enclosing the capsule, and
often with 2 simple or connate bracteoles at its base. Corolla ovoid-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, 69

tubular or campanulate, greenish-white or reddish, the mouth with
5 spreading or recurved imbricate lobes. Stamens 10, included, attached
to the base of the corolla; anthers produced at the apex into 2 tubes,
and often also with 1 or 2 dorsal spurs ; filaments dilated at the base,
usually pilose (in some flowers the stamens small and the anthers
without appendages). Ovary 5-celled, sometimes 5-lobed ; style cylin-
dric; stigma simple; ovules many in each cell. Capsule 5-celled,
dehiscing loculicidally from the apex, enveloped in the succulent calyx;
seeds many, minute, sub-globose, angled.—Distrise. Species about 80,
mostly American, a few in the mountains of India and Malaya, a few
also in Australia and New Zealand.

Leaves elliptic or oblong-elliptic, sub-acute oe .. L. G. fragrantissima.
Leaves broadly ovate, caudate-acuminate 0 .. 2. G. leucocarpa.

1. GAULTHERIA FRAGRANTISSIMA, Wall. in As. Research. XIII. 397,
with figure. A shrub; young branches twice as thick as a crow-quill,
3-angled, glabrous, pale brown when dry. Leaves thickly coriaceous,
elliptic or oblong-elliptic, sub-acute, the base cuneate, the edges crenate-
serrate ; both surfaces pale brown when dry and dull, strongly reticu-
late, the upper always glabrous, the lower with sparse black scales and
occasionally a few scattered hairs ; length 1:5 to 2:25 in.; breadth -75
to 1:2 in.; petioles -15 to -2in. acemes axillary, usually longer than
the leaves, slender, many-flowered; pedicels -15 in. long, deflexed,
each with a small triangular acute bract at its base and two broader
connate ones above its middle. Flowers :2in.long. Calyx campanu-
late, with 5 deep triangular lobes, puberulous, ‘05 in. long or less at
first, persistent and increasing to ‘2 in. with age. Corolla -15 in. long,
widely tubular, the mouth contracted and with 5 short blunt lobes.
Stamens 10; anthers elongate, included, the apex with 2 deeply bifid
apical horns ; filaments flattened at the base. Frwit depressed-globular,
with 5 deep grooves, *15 in. in diam., minutely pubescent, crowned by
the long, persistent, slightly clavate, cylindric style, many-seeded. DC.
Prod. VII. 593; Wall. Cat. 765; Wight Ic. 1196; Bot. Mag. t. 5984 ;
‘Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 457. G. fragrans, Don Prod.
151. G. punctata, Blume Bijdr. 850; DC. lc. 593; Mig. Fl. Ind.
Bat. II. 1055; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng., 1877, II. 215, For.
Fl. Burm. II. 92. G. ovalifolia, Wall. Cat. 1523. G. Leschenaultu,
DC. lc. 593; Wight Ill. t. 141c, and Ic. 1195. Andromeda flexuosa,
Moon Cat. Pl. Ceyl. 35. A. katagherensis, Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 246.
SLeucothoe (?) katagherensis, DC. l.c. 606.

Perak, on the summit of Gunong Batu Pateh: Wray 879, 1580 ;
Scortechini 405 (in part)—Distris. British India, Ceylon, Sumatra,
Java.

70 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

2. GAULTHERIA LEUCOCARPA, Blume Bijdr. 856. A slender climber;
young branches as thick as a crow-quill, smooth, glabrous, pale-brown
when dry. Leaves thinly coriaceous, broadly ovate, shortly rather
abruptly and sharply caudate-acuminate, the base broad, emarginate or
sub-cordate ; edges minutely crenate-serrate ; upper surface olivaceous-
brown when dry, much and boldly reticulate, the nerves minutely
hairy ; lower surface pale-brown, reticulate, glabrous ; main-nerves 2 to
4 pairs, much curved, ascending, distinct on both surfaces ; length 2 to
4in.; breadth 1 to 2 in.; petioles 15 to-2 in. long. acemes slightly
supra-axillary, shorter than the leaves, their rachises compressed,
glabrous or pubescent; flower-pedicels rather less than ‘1 in. long in
flower, twice as long in fruit, each with a small ovate concave bract
atits base. lowers ‘3 in. long; their pedicels rather more than ‘1 in.
long, deflexed, puberulous, ebracteolate. Calyx less than -1 in. long,
puberulous, campanulate, with 5 small spreading sub-acute triangular
lobes. Corolla sub-cylindric, widest at the base and gradually tapering to
the mouth, teeth of the mouth very short, blunt, erect. Stamens 10;
anthers linear, beaked, shorter than the densely hairy tapering fila-
ments. Ovary inferior, depressed-hemispheric, crowned by a thick,
very concave, marginally grooved disk; style cylindric, tapering to the
apex, glabrous. fruit closely adnate to the calyx-tube, 5-celled, many-
seeded. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 1056; Beccari Malesia, I. 213.

Prrak, at elevations of 5,000 to 6,700 feet: Wray 360, 1573, 4101 ;
Scortechim 1348 ; King’s Collector 8025.—Distris. Java, Sumatra.

2. DretycostA, Blume.

Epiphytic shrubs, glabrous or setose, evergreen. Leaves coriaceous,
alternate, entire or ciliate-serrate. Flowers small, axillary, solitary, on
pedicels bracteolate at the base. Calyx with 5 teeth or lobes, free or
half superior, accrescent in fruit, with 2 basal bracteoles connate into a
calyculus. Corolla campanulate or urceolate, with 5 slightly imbricate
recurved lobes. Stamens 10, as long as the corolla, and inserted at its
base, quite included or with the tips of the anthers exserted ; anthers
elongate, oblong, produced at the apex into two straight valvularly-
dehiscing tubes, but without dorsal appendages. Disk cupular, 10-
lobed. Ovary 5-celled; style filiform; stigma simple; ovules in the ~
cells numerous, attached to axile placentas. rwit superior or half-
superior, included in the succulent accrescent calyx, 2-celled, dehiscing
by 5 valves, many-seeded. Seeds minute, cuneate; testa lax, reticu-
late ; albumen fleshy ; embryo axile, cylindric.—Distris. Species about
14, all Indian or Malayan.

Flora of the Malayan Penimsula. gids

Leaves 2 to 5 in. long :—

Calyx-lobes broad, blunt .. fe He wae Le Ds latifold.
Calyx-lobes triangular, acute ate 5¢ .. 2. D. heterophylla.
Leaves 1°5 to 2 in. long oc ie oc -. 93. D. erythrina.

1. Dipnycosia LATiIFoLIA, Blume Bijdr. 858. A small glabrous
epiphytic shrub ; young branches half as thick as a goose-quill, pale
and angled when dry. Leaves thickly coriaceous, elliptic, the apex
shortly and obtusely acuminate, the base cuneate or somewhat rounded,
the edges recurved; both surfaces pale yellowish-brown when dry, the
upper shining, the lower dull; the midrib bold, much raised on the.
lower surface, slightly depressed on the upper ; main-nerves 2 or 3
pairs, curving upwards, the lower pair usually longer than the others,
none of them very prominent on either surface, but more so on the
lower than on the upper, reticulations obsolete; length 3 to 5 in.;
breadth 1-35 to 3 in.; petioles -2 to ‘3 in. long. Flowers :2 in. long, in
axillary fascicles of 3 or 4; their pedicels slender, ‘1 to -15 in. long,
inserted 3 or 4 together on minute tubercles surrounded by several
small bracts. Calyx cupular, ‘1 in. across, with 5 broad, spreading,
obtuse, ciliolate lobes. Corolla :25 in. long, narrowly campanulate, con-
tracted into a short tube at the base, the limb deeply divided into
5 ovate sub-acute lobes, closely embracing the ovary. Stamens 10,
included ; anthers narrowly oblong, each with two short apical trun-
cate beaks but no basal processes ; the filaments slender in their upper
halves, the lower halves dilated and cohering into a tube. Ovary
5-celled, the apex broad, concave; style cylindric, about as long as
the corolla; stigma small, capitate. Fruit 5-celled; seeds numerous,
elongate, black, closely enveloped by the persistent corolla. Mig. Fl.
Ind. Bat. IT. 1055.

Perak, at elevations of 6,700 feet: Wray 364, 909, 2204; Scorte-
chint 339; King’s Collector 6797, 8023. Sutancor: Ridley 7556.—
DistRis. Java.

2. DIPLYCOSIA HETEROPHYLLA, Blume Bijdr. 858. A shrub; young
branches as thick as a crow-quill, coarsely rusty-pilose at first, after-
wards sub-glabrous, when dry pale and angled. Leaves coriaceous,
elliptic oblong-elliptic or lanceolate, acute or acuminate at apex and
base, the edges recurved ; both surfaces olivaceous-brown when dry,
the upper sub-reticulate and shining, the lower dull and not reticulate ;
main-nerves 1 pair following the edge from base to apex, distinct and
depressed like the midrib on the upper surface, indistinct on the lower ;
length 2 to 4 in.; breadth 1 to 2 in. ; petiole rather more than ‘2 in. long.
Flowers axillary, fascicled, rarely solitary, about ‘15 in. long, bearing
under the calyx 2 broadly reniform, acute, spreading concave bracts.

72 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Calyx campanulate, with 5 broadly triangular erect lobes, closely
applied to the fruit. Corolla widely campanulate, -2 in. long, the teeth
5, broad, blunt, short, reflexed. /rwit superior, sub-rotund, smooth,
many-seeded, crowned by the fluted style; seeds oblong, concave, com-
pressed, numerous.

PERAK: Scortechini.

3. DiptycosiaA ERYTHRINA, King & Gamble. A small tree, 10 to
20 feet high; young branches twice as thick as a crow-quill, glabrous,
pale-brown when dry, angled. Leaves thickly coriaceous, elliptic, the
apex obtuse or sub-acute, the base acute, the edges recurved ; both sur-
faces when dry pale-brown, the upper tinged with olivaceous, not
reticulate, quite glabrous; main-nerves 2 to 3 pairs, ascending, rather
straight, faint on both surfaces ; length 1:5 to 2 in. ; breadth -75 to 1 in.;
petioles ‘1 in. long, stout. Kacemes terminal, nearly twice as long as the
leaves, with a large narrowly elliptic leaf-like bract -4 to 6 in. long, and
‘1 to -2 in. broad at the base of each flower-pedicel; pedicels decurved,
‘15 in. long in the flower, rather more than twice as long in the fruit.
Flowers ‘4 in. long. Calyx -2 in. long, campanulate, with 5 spreading
triangular acute lobes. Corolla -35 in. long, cylindric, narrowed towards
the throat, glabrous; the mouth with 5 short, broad, blunt, recurved
lobes. Stamens 10, slightly exserted; anthers broadly oblong, with
neither apical nor basal appendages ; the filaments three times as long,
broadening towards the base, pubescent. Ovary inferior, its disk con-
vex, hairy ; style slightly exceeding the corolla, cylindric; stigma small,
capitate. Hrwt oblong-globose, -2 in. in diam., surmounted by the
inflexed calyx-lobes, sub-glabrous, pericarp leathery; cells 5, each
with several angular seeds. Vacciniwm erythrinum, Hook. Bot. Mag.
t. 4688.

PERAK, at elevations of 5,000 feet: Wray 3816; King’s Collector
7349 ; Scortechim.—Distris. Java, Sumatra.

3. Pieris, D. Don.

Trees or shrubs, with terete branchlets. Leaves alternate, petiolate,
entire or serrulate, persistent. acemes axillary and solitary, or ter-
minal and in panicles; pedicels bracteate and also with 1 or 2 brac-
teoles. Calyx free, with 5 teeth or lobes; the segments in bud open or
valvate. Corolla ovoid or elongate-urceolate, with 5 short recurved
teeth, white. Stamens 10; anther-cells ovoid-truncate ; filaments each
with 2 divaricate horns from its apex or ex-appendiculate. Ovary
globose with a lobed disk, 5-celled; ovules numerous; style cylindric ;
stigma capitellate or truncate. Capsule globose, dry, 5-celled, with .
5-valved loculicidal dehiscence. Seeds many, linear-oblong, falcate, not

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 73

winged, albuminous; testa loose.—Distris. Species 10; Himalaya and
the mountains of Burma and of the Malayan Peninsula.

Pipris ovauirouiA, D. Don in Edinb. Phil. Journ. XVII. (1834)
159. A tree; young branches whitish-puberulous at first, afterwards
black and glabrous, about a third as thick as a goose-quill. Leaves
thinly coriaceous, ovate, shortly acuminate, the base broad and rounded,
the edges very slightly recurved ; upper surface blackish-brown when
dry, glabrous, the lower of a paler brown, minutely reticulate, puberu-
lous on the midrib and nerves; main-nerves 12 to 15 pairs, spreading,
curving slightly upwards, sharply prominent on the lower surface,
indistinct on the upper; length 4 to 5:25 in.; breadth 2 to 2°75 in.;
petiole -25 to °3 in. long, puberulous. acemes simple, axillary, 4 to
10 in. long, sometimes by suppression of the leaves forming a terminal
false panicle, more or less pubescent; bracts :2 in. long, linear or
lanceolate. Calyx-teeth connate at the base. Corolla narrowly ovoid,
white. Capsule globose, glabrous, ‘2 in. in diam. Seeds small, linear-
oblong. DC. Prod. VII. 599; Loudon, Arb. Brit. 570, fig. 1070;
Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 460. Andromeda ovalifolia, Wall.
Cat. 763, and in Asiat. Research, XIII. 391 (with fig.); Don Prod.
148; Wight Ic. t. 1199; Brandis For. Flora, 280; Kurz in Journ. As.
Soc. Beng., 1877, Pt. II. 216, For. Fl. Burm. II. 192. A. ellaptica,
Sieb. & Zuce. Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. II. 126. Thibaudia, Griff. Ic. Pl.
Asiat. t. 514.

PERAK, at an elevation of 5,000 feet: Wray 1522.—DistR1B.
Himalaya up to 8,000 ft.; Khasia Hills; Burma; Japan.

4, RHODODENDRON, Linn.

Shrubs or trees, often aromatic often scaly. Leaves coriaceous,
entire, alternate, rarely sub-opposite or in false whorls, often clustered
near the ends of the branches. lowers in terminal fascicles or pseudo-

_corymbs, rarely solitary or axillary; bracts broad, usually caducous,
bracteoles linear. Calyx persistent, 5-lobed, rarely cupular, sometimes
small or obsolete. Corolla campanulate, salver-shaped or funnel-shaped,
the tube long or short, the limb 5- to 10-lobed. Stamens usually 10
but sometimes 5 or 18; anthers oblong, dehiscing by terminal pores.
Ovary 5- to 20-celled; style long or short, filiform; stigma capitate ;
ovules numerous in each cell. Capsule short or elongate, always
woody, 5- to 20-celled, septicidally dehiscent, the valves separating
from the placentas from above downwards. Seeds numerous, ellipsoid,
albuminous, the testa often crested or tailed at one end or at both.
—Distris. Species about 160, in mountainous parts of Hurope, Asia,
and North America.

74 Flora of the Maiayan Peninsula.

Corolla widely campanulate, tubular only at the base :—
All parts glabrous, leaves not glaucous and without scales;

capsule 1to1‘5in. long .. 1. R. javanicum.
Lower surfaces of leaves glaucous, ae nerves and toucniee
tions hairy ; capsule ‘5 in. long oe 2. R. Wrayi.

Corolla narrowly campanulate or funnel- vere the fabs
inflated upwards and passing gradually into the limb; flowers
*35 to °85 in. long :—

Leaves obovate, °6 to ‘8in., and rarely as much as 1 in. long :—

All parts glabrous except the inflorescence 50 -. 3. RB. pauciflorum.
All parts more or less scaly a6 .. 4. R. perakense.
Leaves elliptic to elliptic-rotund, from 1:25 to oii in. tein -. 9. R. Scortechinit.

Corolla salver-shaped, the tube much longer than the limb :—

Tube of corolla from 1:25 to 1°6 in. long, and about -15 in. in

diam. from base to apex ; leaves sub-sessile, whorled, sparsely

scaly or glabrous 0 6. R. jasminiflorum.
Tube of corolla 2 in. long, 25 j in. sails near the ‘eee widen

ing to ‘4 in. or more near the mouth ; petioles :35 to-S5in.long 7. R. longiflorum.
Tube of corolla :6 in. long and about 2 in. in diam. ; petioles

“4 to ‘6 in. long ae oc 56 .- 8. R. malayanum.

Species imperfectly known .. a ore .. 9. R. dubium.

1. RHODODENDRON JAVANICUM, Benn. Pl. Jay. Rar. p. 85, t. 19. An
epiphytic shrub, 3 to 8 feet long; all parts glabrous, esquamose ; young
branches rather thinner than a goose-quill. Leaves thinly coriaceous,
elliptic or elliptic-oblong, tapering to the acute apex and base; both
surfaces brown when dry (the lower rather the lighter), shining, the
midrib very prominent; main-nerves about 8 or 10 pairs, interarching
rather far from the edge, faint on the upper surface, obsolete on the
lower, the intermediate nerves almost as prominent; length 3:5 to
5'd in. ; breadth 1:25 to 2 in.; petioles °3 to ‘75in. long. Umbels terminal,
5- to 7-flowered, enveloped in bud in broadly ovate apiculate bracts ;
pedicels °5 to 1‘5in.; bracteoles linear. Calyx cupular, less than -1 in.
deep, the mouth wavy. Corolla red, widely campanulate, 1°25 to 1-5 in.
long ; the tube widely funnel-shaped, cylindric at the base ; the limb 1:25
to 1:5 in. wide, with 5 large, broad, blunt spreading lobes. Stamens 10,
shorter than the corolla-limb ; the filaments slender ; the anthers oblong.
Ovary glabrous or slightly scaly (hairy in var. Teysmannt); style
shorter than the stamens, clavate, hemispheric. Capsule narrowly
cylindric, 1 to 1°5 in. long, and only ‘25 in. in diam., glabrous, slightly
ridged, crowned by the whole or part of the style. DC. Prod. VII.
721; Bot. Mag. t. 4366; Fl. des Serres (1847), t. 293; Mig. Fl. Ind.
Bat. II. 1057; Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. I. 42, t. 1p; Clarke in
Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 463. Vireya javanica, Blume Bijdr. II. 854.

Matay Perninsunta: Lobb and others. Pxrnane: fidley 129.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 75

Kepag: Derry 5531. Perak: Scortechini 373, 1325; Derry 3705; For
129; King’s Collector 2335, 3672, 6916, 7008 ; Wray 1023. Styaapore :
fiidley.— Distris. Sumatra, Java, Celebes.

Var. Teysmanm, King & Gamble. Ovary densely hairy; fila-
ments hairy near the base, corolla yellow. . Teysmanmi, Migq. Fl.
Ind. Bat. Suppl. 585; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 463.

Penane: Maingay (K.D.) 1099, 10257; Curtis 530. PrErax: Wray
601, 623 ; King’s Collector 3672.—Distris. Sumatra, Java.

2. RHODODENDRON WaRrayl, n. sp., King & Gamble. A_ bush;
young branches as thick as a goose-quill, at first sparsely scaly, ulti-
mately glabrous. Leaves very coriaceous, elliptic or sub-obovate-elliptic,
the apex sub-acute, the base rounded, the edges recurved when dry;
upper surface dark-brown when dry, glabrous, the midrib much
depressed; lower surface white, glaucous, with short hairs on the
minute reticulations, the main-nerves, and the bold midrib; main-
nerves 6 to 12 pairs, spreading, curved, rather dark-coloured and con-
spicuous on the lower surface, invisible on the upper; length 1°75 to
3°0 in.; breadth -85 to 1-5 in.; petioles -4 to ‘8 in. long, stout, scaly.
Umbels terminal, 8- to 12-flowered, unequal, ‘5 to ‘75 in. long, scaly.
Fllower-buds enveloped in obovate-oblong apiculate bracts, the inner
tomentose externally, the outer glabrous, all deciduous. Calyx
cupular, 5-toothed, less than -1 in. deep. Corolla glabrous, white,
tinged with pale pink and spotted in the throat, widely campanulate
from a tubular base, about 1:25 in. long, and rather more in breadth at
the mouth ; lobes of the limb 5, broadly ovate, spreading. Stamens 10;
filaments shorter than the corolla, glabrous; anthers oblong. Ovary
hairy ; style glabrous, longer than the stamens; stigma hemispheric,
lobed. Capsule only -5 in. long and about half as much in diam., not
apiculate, tomentose, ridged, 5-celled.

PeErRAK, at from 3,500 to 7,000 feet: Wray 322, 886, 1569; Scorte-
chin.

3. RHODODENDRON PAUCIFLORUM, n. sp., King & Gamble. A small
shrub, all parts except the inflorescence glabrous ; young branches as
thick as a crow-quill, smooth. Leaves coriaceous, obovate, rarely
rotund-obovate, the apex broad, usually minutely retuse, the base much
narrowed, the edges recurved; upper surface olivaceous, the lower
brown when dry ; the midrib stout and prominent on the lower surface,
depressed on the upper (when dry); main-nerves 3 or 4 pairs, indis-
tinct on both surfaces ; length ‘6 to 1 in. ; breadth -4 to -65 in. ; petioles
less than*l in. long. Flowers 1 or 2, terminal ; their pedicels pubescent,
‘25 to ‘6 in. long, with 1 or 2 loose sheathing deciduous bracts at their
bases. Calyx cupular, about -1 in. long, obscurely toothed. Corolla

76 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

bright red, infundibuliform-campanulate, ‘2 to -3 in. wide at the throat
and from ‘5 to ‘85 in. long; the limb spreading, -5 to ‘75 in. across,
divided into 5, broad, blunt lobes, the tube °35 to ‘5 in, long. Capsule
unknown.

PERAK, on Gunong Batu Pateh at an elevation of 4,500 feet: Wray
231; Scortechini 345n.

4. RHODODENDRON PERAKENSE, n. sp., King & Gamble. LEpi-
phytic ; a small shrub with very scaly young branches as thick as a
crow-quill. Leaves very coriaceous, obovate or broadly oblanceolate,
obtuse, much narrowed to the base, the edges recurved; upper surface
olivaceous when dry, at first with a few large scales but ultimately
glabrous, reticulate, the midrib depressed ; lower surface dark brown,
with persistent large dark scales in pits, the midrib very thick and
prominent ; main-nerves 2 (rarely 3) pairs, spreading, very prominent
on the under surface, and, like the midrib, with persistent large dark
scales ; length -6 to ‘8 in. ; breadth -3 to -4 in.; petioles about -1 in. long.
Umebels terminal, 3- to 5-flowered, covered in bud by broad rounded
deciduous bracts with ciliate edges; pedicels -25 to 3 in. long, slightly
scaly. lowers -35 to -4 in. long. Calyx shallow, cupular, its edges
wavy. Corolla bright yellow, narrowly campanulate, the mouth with
broad, slightly spreading lobes. Stamens not exserted; filaments
glabrous, anthers short. Ovary sub-glabrous; style not exserted;
stigma clavate, truncate. Capsule 3 in. long, dehiscing by 5 straight
untwisted valves.

PERAK, at an elevation of 7,000 feet: Wray 1574.

5. RHODODENDRON SCORTECHINI,, n. sp., King & Gamble. Shrubby,
epiphytic or terrestrial, when the latter sometimes sub-arboreous ;
young branches half as thick as a goose-quill, smooth, terete. Leaves
very coriaceous, elliptic to elliptic-rotund or obovate, the apex obtuse
and sometimes faintly notched, the base cuneate, the edges recurved ;
upper surface dark olivaceous-brown when dry, glabrous, shining, .
depressed-reticulate; lower surface of a uniform warm brown, not
reticulate, pitted and minutely scaly; main-nerves 4 to 6 pairs, spread-
ing, depressed on the upper surface, and raised on the lower (some-
times very much so); midrib much depressed on the upper surface
and prominent on the lower (when dry); length 1:25 to 2 in.; breadth
75 to 1:25 in. ; petioles ‘1 to ‘15 in. long, scaly. Umbels terminal, 4- to
7-flowered ; the pedicels unequal, ‘5 to 1 in. long (longer in fruit).
Flowers about °75 in. long. Calyx short, cupular, with many rounded
teeth. Corolla yellow (sometimes very pale), ‘75 in. long, widely
funnel-shaped, the mouth about ‘6 in. across, with 5 deep, broadly
ovate, slightly spreading lobes, the outer surface with many dark-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula: its

coloured scales. Stamens about 8, slightly or not at all exserted ; fila-
ments glabrous; anthers elliptic, small. Ovary scaly; style slightly
exserted, glabrous; stigma clavate-hemispheric, lobed. Capsule 5 in.
long, scaly, shortly apiculate, 5-valved, the valves not twisted in
dehiscence.

PeERAk, at elevations of 5,000 to 7,000 feet: Scortechini 4018, 753 ;
Wray 311, 1572, 3840; Cantley.

6. RHODODENDRON JASMINIFLORUM, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4524.
Usually epiphytic; a small shrub, only a few feet high; young
branches somewhat less than half as thick as a goose-quill, glabrous.
Leaves in whorls, thickly coriaceous, almost sessile, broadly elliptic to
elliptic-rotund, the apex acute, the base rounded and minutely cordate ;
upper surface when dry pale olivaceous-brown, sometimes with a few
small loose scales, the 5 to 7 pairs of spreading main-nerves slightly
distinct and (like the midrib) depressed ; the lower darker brown, not
olivaceous, the nerves very faint but the midrib pale and prominent ;
length 1:25 to 3 in.; breadth 1 to 1°5 in.; petiole ‘Lin. long. Umbels
terminal, 8- to 20-flowered ; the pedicels filiform, -75 to 1 in. long, scaly
and hairy ; bracteoles membranous, broad, glabrous, -25 to ‘5 in. long.
Calyx a shallow toothed cup, less than ‘1 in. deep. Corolla white,
salver-shaped ; the tube narrowly cylindric, sparsely sealy or glabrous
outside, about °15 in. in diam. and 1-25 to 1-6 in. long (when dry); the
limb one-third as long, spreading, with 5 deep, broad, obovate-obtuse
or rotund lobes. Stamens 10, the filaments shortly exserted, thin,
pubescent; anthers short, broad. Ovary 5-celled, pubescent; style
longer than the corolla-tube, pubescent; stigma depressed-capitate,
grooved. Capsule about -75 to 1 in. long, narrowly sub-cylindric, much
apiculate, ridged, its valves recurved to the base and often twisted.
Lemaire, Jard Fleur. t. 41; Lllust. Hortic. (1859) t. 203; Clarke in
Hook. f. Fi. Br. Ind. IIT. 463; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 1059.

Mauacca, on Mount Ophir: Griffith (K.D.) 3504; Maingay (K.D.)
701; Ridley. Perak: Wray 1635; Scortechint; King’s Collector 3586,
3645, 6909 ; Ridley 124.—Distrip. Java, Sumatra.

7. RHODODENDRON LONGIFLORUM, Lindl. in Journ. Hort. Soe. III.
88 with figure. Epiphytic; 3 to 6 feet high ; young branches half as.
thick as a goose-quill, densely scaly like the petioles. Leaves coriaceous,
usually elliptic-oblong, sometimes elliptic or oblanceolate, sub-acute or
acute, much narrowed to the base; upper surface when dry olivaceous-
brown, coarsely and widely reticulate with broad black scales, especi-
ally on the depressed midrib, the 5 to 7 pairs of spreading main-nerves
faint; lower surface brown, uniformly covered with black deciduous
scales, ultimately glabrous ; the main-nerves indistinct but the midrib

78 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

stout and prominent; length 2°25 to 3:5 in.; breadth 8 to 1°5 in.;
petioles ‘35 to ‘5 in. long, stout. Umbels terminal, 5- to 7-flowered; flower-
pedicels ‘5 to 8 in. long, scaly or glabrous. Flowers about 2 in. long,
glabrous outside, narrowly sub-campanulate, almost salver-shaped.
Calyx small, cupular, with wavy edges, under 05 in. deep. Corolla
red, infundibuliform ; its tube about -25 in. wide near the base but
expanding gradually to about -4 in. or more near the mouth, about three
times as long as the broadly bluntly 5-lobed limb. Stamens 10, the
filaments slender, pubescent, slightly exserted; anthers short, blunt.
Ovary densely hairy like the style; stigma clavate. Capsule unknown.
Fl. des Serres, V. p. 477-480F.

PerRAK: Scortechint 385, 553, 1409; King’s Collector 1864, 5181.—
Distris. Borneo, Sumatra.

8. RHODODENDRON MALAYANUM, Jack in Mal. Mise. II. n. 7,17. An
erect straggling shrub, 3 to 15 feet high, all parts more or less glan-
dular and scaly ; young branches less than half as thick as a goose-
quill. Leaves narrowly elliptic or lanceolate, the apex and base acute
or sub-acute, the edges recurved when dry; upper surface shining,
glabrous, and olivaceous when dry, the 5 to 8 pairs of main-nerves
faint, slightly depressed, the midrib much depressed and often scaly ;
the lower of a deep uniform brownish-cinereous colour and with
numerous dark scales, the nerves obsolete but the midrib bold and pro-
minent ; length 1°75 to 3-25 in.; breadth -75 to 1-25 in. ; petioles -4 to
-6 in. long, covered with large black scales. Umbels terminal, 3- to 5-
flowered. Flowers ‘8 in. long, their pedicels ‘25 to -35 in. long, slender,
scaly. Calyx cupular, 5-toothed, less than ‘05 in. deep. Corolla red,
glabrous, ‘8 in. long (when dry), salver-shaped, the tube about -2 in. in
diam. when dry, about ‘6 in. long, the limb about ‘5 in. across when
dry, with 5 broad, blunt, cuneate lobes. Stamens 10, their filaments
glabrous. Ovary 5-celled; style slightly exserted from the throat of
the corolla, glabrous ; stigma clavate. Capsule about 1 in. long, slender,
ridged, the valves much recurved, twisted. Hook. Journ. Bot. I. 369 ;
DC. Prod. VII. 725; Bot. Mag. t. 6045; Beccari Malesia, I. 205;
Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 463. &. twbiflorwm and Ff. cele-
bicum, DC. lc. 725; Mig. in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. I. 44, t. 2an;
Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 1059. £#. lampongum, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 585.
Vireya tubiflora and V. celebica, Blume Bijdr. 855, 854.

Mauacca : on Mount Ophir, 4,000 ft., Griffith (K.D.) 3503 ; Maingay
(K.D.) 702; Wray; Kurz. Prrax: Scortechini 385, 2336; Wray 614;
King’s Collector 3227, 8076. Prnane: Ridley 125. Srnancor: Ridley
7557.—Distris. Sumatra, Java.

9. RHODODENDRON DUBIUM, n. sp., King & Gamble. A shrub or small

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 79

tree ; young branches rather thinner than a goose-quill, pale brown
when dry, slightly pubescent. Leaves coriaceous, glabrous, oblong-
elliptic, the apex sub-acute, narrowed from about the middle to the
acute or rounded base ; both surfaces dull brown when dry and minutely
reticulate, the lower pale; main-nerves 15 to 18 pairs, slightly curved,
spreading, indistinct on the upper surface, rather distinct on the lower;
the midrib very bold and prominent on the lower surface, faint and
depressed on the upper; length 3:5 to 6 in. ; breadth 1 to 2 in. ; petiole
-75 to 1 in. long, stout. Umbels agua stalked, 3- to 8- sore:
flower-pedicels unequal, -75 to 1°35 in. long, stout, glabrous. Flowers
unknown. Calyx cupular,-1 in. deep, the mouth wavy. Ovary densely
rufescent-pubescent. Capsule -4 to ‘7 in. long, rusty-pubescent, very
slightly ridged, dehiscing by 5 straight valves, crowned by the persistent
pubescent style.

PERAK, at an elevation of 3,400 feet: Wray 233, 460: Scortechins
367.

5. Parnettyopsis, King & Gamble, nov. gen.

Small rigid epiphytic shrubs. Leaves alternate, on short hispid
petioles, minutely sub-crenulate, coriaceous, persistent. lowers soli-
tary or in pairs, axillary, with 2 (rarely 3) rather large bracts at their
bases forming an involucre; pedicels decurved in fruit. Calyx larger
than the corolla, rotate, deeply 5-partite, persistent and unchanged in
fruit. Corolla urceolate or ovoid, glabrous, the mouth constricted and
with 5 short reflexed teeth. Stamens 10, free, included, the filaments
slightly attached by their somewhat dilated bases to the bottom of the
corolla-tube. Anthers short, inappendiculate at the back or base,
oblong, the apices prolonged into 2 long porously dehiscing tubes.
Ovary faintly 5-lobed, 5-celled ; style columnar ; stigma simple; ovules
numerous, the placentas on the inner angles of the loculi. Berry
globose, 5-celled. Seeds minute, compressed, numerous, angled ; testa
erustaceous.—DIsTRIB. Species 2, both Malayan.

Calyx densely rusty-tomentose .. oe -. 1. P. malayana.
_ Calyx glabrous except the tips of the fahene es .. 2. P. sub-glabra.

1, PERNETTYOPSIS MALAYANA, n. sp., King & Gamble. EHpiphytic;
a bush a foot or two in height; young branches half as thick as a
goose-quill, sparsely clothed near their apices with flat adpressed black
_ bristles less than ‘1 in. long. Leaves thickly coriaceous, rotund, obovate
to elliptic, the apex broad, minutely apiculate, the base slightly nar-
rowed ; upper surface olivaceous-brown when dry, shining, the midrib
and main-nerves deeply depressed, the reticulations less so; lower

80 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

surface pale dull-brown, with sparse pits, each bearing a short adpressed
dark hair, the edges wavy, sub-serrate and adpressed-ciliate ; main-
nerves 2 or 3 pairs, curving upwards and inwards and interarching,
thick but faint on the lower surface; length 1:25 to 2 in.; breadth
75 to 1:35 in.; petioles -1 to ‘2 in., adpressed-bristly. Flowers
solitary or in pairs, ‘4 or ‘5 in. long, axillary, pedicellate, the pedi-
cels ‘3 to ‘4 in. long, twice as long (or more) in fruit, densely rusty-
tomentose and recurved when young, erect and less woolly when old.
Involucral bracts usually 2, thick, about -2 in. long, broad, glabrous
inside, rusty-tomentose outside. Calyx larger than corolla, rotate,
deeply divided into 5 lanceolate, somewhat spreading, lobes; rusty-
tomentose outside and sub-glabrous inside. Corolla a little shorter
than the calyx, glabrous, ovoid-globular, its mouth contracted and with
5 short reflexed teeth. Stamens 10, shorter than the corolla, and
inserted near its base; anthers oblong, broad, cordate and inappendicu-
late at the base ; the apex prolonged into 2 white apically porous tubes ;
filaments short, bent. Ovary sub-globular, laxly and deciduously
tomentose, 5-celled ; ovules numerous, oblong-concave, attached by the
middle to the axillary placentas; style cylindric, slightly grooved,
twice as long as the corolla. Fruit a berry with scanty pulp, blue
when ripe, the seeds red.

Perak, at elevations of about 6,500 feet, on the summit of Gunong
Batu Pateh: Scortechim 402; Wray 312.

2. PERNETTYOPSIS SUB-GLABRA, n. sp., King & Gamble. A
small, rigid, epiphytic shrub; young stems slightly thicker than a
crow-quill, with a few adpressed bristles near the ends, otherwise
glabrous. Leaves coriaceous, sub-rotund to elliptic-rotund, minutely
apiculate ; upper surface dull-brown, minutely reticulate, glabrous, the
lower reddish-brown, with a few small adpressed hairs with black
bases ; main-nerves 3 or 4 pairs, curving upwards, deeply depressed
on the upper surface like the midrib, less so on the lower; the
edges minutely sub-serrate and sparsely adpressed-ciliate ; length ‘8 to
15 in.; breadth -75 to 1:25 in. ; petiole ‘15 to 25 in. long, adpressed-
bristly. Bracts under the flower 2 or 3, broad, rusty-pubescent
externally like the pedicel. Calyx longer than the corolla, rotate,
with 5 deep lanceolate spreading lobes, glabrous except the rusty-
pubescent tips. Corolla, stamens, ovary, and style as in P. malayana.
Fruit unknown.

PERAK, at elevations of 5,000 feet: Scortechint 752; King’s
Collector 7407.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 81

Order LXVII. MONOTROPEA.
[By D. Prai.]

Leafiess, erect, white or coloured root-parasites ; stems herbaceous,
_ scaly, simple or forked. Flowers solitary on the stem or branches,
regular, hermaphrodite. Sepals usually resembling the scales, 2 to 6,
often deciduous. Petals 3 to 6. Stamens 6 to 12, hypogynous, 2-seriate ;
filaments filiform or flattened; anthers 2-celled, or by confluence
l-celled. Ovary superior, globose or fusiform, 1- to 6-celled; style
cylindric, stigma peltate; ovules very many on axial or parietal
placentas. Frwit capsular, loculicidally 4- to 6-valved, or indehiscent
and baceate. Seeds very many, minute; testa often loosely saccate ;
embryo very minute, solid.—Distrrp. Genera 9, in dense woods,
mostly in temperate regions, all in the northern hemisphere.

1. CHErmoTHECA, Hook. fil.

Small herbs, with erect, simple or forked, white or coloured stems ;
branches 1-flowered. Sepals 3 to 5, narrowly oblong like the upper-
most stem-scales. Petals 3, erect, obtuse. Stamens 6; anthers linear,
cells 2, confluent at the apex, dehiscing by marginal slits or pores.
Ovary fusiform, 1-celled, narrowed into the cylindric style; stigma
globose-conic, usually slightly lobed ; placentas 6, parietal, 2-fid, the
segments covered throughout by numerous ovules. Frwit fleshy, inde-
hiscent, baccate—Distris. Species 2, Indo-Chinese and Malayan.

1. CHEILOTHECA MALAYANA, Scort. in Hook. fil. Icon. Plant., XVI.
t. 1564. A root-parasite in dense forest; stem herbaceous, erect,
simple gr 2- to 3-forked, 6 to 9 in. high, stoutish. Scales ovate-oblong,
obtuse, imbricated, gradually increasing upwards, lurid purple (Scorte-
chim) or waxy white (Kunstler). Flowers terminal on stem and
branches, 1 in. long, hidden inside the uppermost scales, and bright
yellow (Kunstler), or with the tips of the petals exserted and white
(Scortechini). Sepals 5, resembling the uppermost scales, imbricate,
-linear-oblong, obtuse or sub-acute, glabrous. Petals 3, rather larger
than the sepals, rounded-cucullate at the apex, externally glabrous,
internally more or less pilose. Stamens 6, filaments puberulous or
pilose, alternately somewhat shorter and longer ; anthers short, innate,
hippocrepiform, cells confluent at apex, dehiscing by marginal pores.
Ovary narrowly fusiform; stigma obscurely 4-lobed; placentas 6,
parietal. Fruit white, fleshy, baccate, ‘75 in. across, tipped by the
persistent remains of the stout style. Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng.
LXXIIT. 2, 205.

6

82 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Perak, in heavy jungle at about 3,500 feet elevation: Scortechint ;
Kunstler 2715.

According to the field notes recorded by these two careful collectors the specimens
gathered by Kunstler differ from those obtained by Scortechini; in the latter the
scales were lurid purple and the flowers were white, in the former the scales were waxy
white and the flowers bright yellow. The petals in Kunstler’s plant are sparingly
hirsute within and the anthers are nearly twice as long. In other respects, however,
the two plants are identical, and the doubt that one feels in connection with the two is
not so much as to whether they are conspecific, as it is as to whether this Malayan
Cheilotheca be really specifically separable from the species from the Khasia Hills upon
which Hooker originally based the very distinct genus Cheilotheca. The only very
tangible differences are that in the Khasia plant only 3 to 4 scales can be with pro-
priety considered sepals, whereas in the Malayan one the number of sepals, as apart
from the upper scales or bracts, is 5; and that in the Khasia plant the anthers are
long, like linear lips on each side of the connective, whereas in the Malayan plant the
anthers are much shorter and distinctly hippocrepiform. The fruit appears to be
quite indehiscent, and thus deviates from the fruit in other genera of Monotropee,
which, so far as is known, is always loculicidally dehiscent.

Order LXVIII. EPACRIDEA,

Shrubs or small trees. Leaves alternate, rarely sub-opposite or
pseudo-verticillate, articulated with the branches, sometimes fascicled
or imbricate, coriaceous or rigid, persistent, entire, with parallel longi-
tudinal nerves; ex-stipulate. Flowers hermaphrodite, solitary and
axillary or terminal, spicate or racemose, generally white or red; usually
bracteate and usually 2-bracteolate, the bracteoles similar to the sepals.
Calyx 4- to 5-partite, the segments coriaceous, striate, imbricate, per-
sistent. Corolla 4- to d-fid, monopetalous, deciduous or sometimes
marcescent ; the tube short or long, often cylindric or funnel-shaped ;
the lobes short or long, erect, patent or recurved, imbricate or valvate,
persistent. Stamens 5, rarely 4, hypogynous or epipetalous, the fila-
ments short or long, filiform or flattened, free; the anthers dorsifixed,
oblong, dehiscing along their whole length by a single slit, 1-celled or
spuriously 2-celled. Disk cupular, annular or of simple or bifid scales
equal in number to the carpels. Ovary globose or ovoid, 1- to 10-
celled; style terminal, short or long, filiform; stigmas punctiform,
discoid or lobulate, sometimes annular or indusiate ; ovules in each cell
solitary, pendulous, rarely erect; or many on a central placenta. Mrwit
drupaceous, with 2 to 5 1-seeded pyrenes; or a many-seeded capsule.
Seeds small, with fleshy albumen, testa membranaceous ; embryo axile,
orthotropous, smooth; cotyledons short; radicle elongate, near the
hilum,—Distris, About 320 species, nearly all Australian, a few in

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 83

New Caledonia and New Zealand, the Pacific Islands, or the Malay
Archipelago.

Leucorocon, Br.

Shrubs, erect or prostrate, branching, rarely trees. Leaves various,
sessile or petiolate, striate-nerved. Flowers small, white, in axillary or
terminal spikes or racemes, the rachis ending in an imperfect flower;
bract 1, bracteoles 2 to 3 under the calyx. Calyx 5-partite. Corolla-
tube funnel-shaped or campanulate; lobes 5, valvate in bud, patent or
upper part recurved, hairy within. Stamens fixed to the top of the
corolla-tube, filaments short, filiform; anthers dorsifixed, included or
semi-exsert, linear or oblong. Ovary 2- to 5-celled; style short or
elongated, terminal; stigma sub-capitate ; ovules solitary in each cell,
pendulous. Frwit drupaceous, with a crustaceous or bony endocarp,
1- to 5-celled, cells 1-seeded. Seeds small.—Disrrrp. About 130
species, all but about 20 Australian, the rest in New Zealand, the
Pacific Islands, and the Malay Archipelago.

LEUCOPOGON MALAYANUS, Jack in Mal. Mise. I. v. 20, and Hook.
Bot. Misc. II. 71. A small branching shrub, reaching 3 to 6 feet in
height ; branches grey, marked by the scars of fallen leaves, branchlets
very leafy ; branch-buds elongate, supported by imbricate parallel-veined
ciliate deciduous scales. Leaves alternate, sessile, stiff, entire, narrowly
lanceolate, acute and mucronate at apex, 1:5 to 2:5 in. long, ‘3 to soyeLEs
broad, shining and convex above, dull or. glaucous beneath, ciliate when
young ; midrib none, nerves very close, slender, longitudinally parallel,
in old leaves scarcely visible. Flowers in short axillary 3- to 7-flowered
spikes, ‘5 in. long, the last flower imperfect; rachis villous, sometimes
flexuose; bracts ovate, recurved, bracteoles 2, ovate, acute, ciliate,
closely embracing the calyx. Calyz-lobes 5, crustaceous, elliptic-
oblong, ‘125 in. long, ciliate. Corolla campanulate, ‘1 to °2 in. long ;
lobes 5, ‘1 to 15 in. long, spreading, villous within. Hypogynous scales
5, minute, free, obtuse. Stamens 5, short, alternate with the corolla-
lobes; filaments inserted near the top of the anthers; anthers curved,
pendent, opening longitudinally; pollen globose. Ovary 5-celled ;
ovule 1 in each cell, oblong; style erect, -05 in. long, villous; stigma
sub-globose. Frwit a 5-celled baccate drupe, ‘1 to -2 in. in diam., each
cell 1-seeded. Seeds not seen. Wall. Cat. 3720; Wall. in Roxb. FI.
‘Ind., ed. Carey and Wall. IT. 301; G. Don Gen. Syst. III. 777; DC.
Prod. VII. 744; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 1052; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc.
Beng. XLVI. ii. 217, and For. Fl. II. 95; Clarke in Hook. f. Fi. Br.
Ind. III. 477. Styphelia malayica, Spreng. Syst. IV. Cur. post, 67.

Perak: Scortechini 760; Cantley 46; King’s Collector 7428, 8056.

84 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Mauacca: Jack; Griffith (K.D.) 3453/1; Maingay (K.D.) 704; Lobb ;
on Mount Ophir, Moxon; Ridley. Stnecapore: Jack; Sir BR. Schom-
burgk 50; Wallich 8720; Ridley 1832.—Distris. Bangka, Teysmann ;
Borneo, fidley.

Var. moluccana, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 217, and
For. Fl. II. 96. Leaves ‘5 to 1 in. long, subulate-pointed, venation
more prominent, branchlets more slender. L. moluccanwm, Scheff.
Obs. Phyt. III. 97.

Kepau peak: Low.—Distris. Tenasserim, Helfer (K.D.) 3453.

Order LXIX. PLUMBAGINEA.

Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves various, alternate or fascicled.
Flowers in terminal scapes or branches, capitate, spicate, racemed or
panicled ; bracts scarious or leafy, often sheathing the flower, bracteoles
2. Calyx inferior, gamosepalous, tubular or funnel-shaped, 5- to 10-
ribbed, often hyaline between the ribs; lobes 5, usually scarious.
Corolla hypogynous; petals 5, free or connate at the base or united in
a linear tube; lobes spreading. Stamens 5, opposite the petals; fila-
ments free or adnate in a tube with the corolla ; anthers ovate or oblong,
dorsifixed, cells parallel, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary superior,
sessile or very shortly stalked, 1-celled, 5-angular above; styles 5,
distinct from the base or connate below; stigmas sub-capitate ;
ovule 1, pendulous from a basal ascending funicle, anatropous. Frit
included in the calyx or elongate or exsert, dry or indehiscent, mem-
branous or hardened at the apex, circumsciss or breaking near the thin
base, the apex often d-valved. Seeds cylindric or elongate, pendulous,
albumen copious or little or 0, radicle superior; embryo straight, coty-
ledons linear or oblong.—Distr1s. Species about 200, mostly of sea-
coasts or desert places throughout the world.

Large shrubs with broad-petioled leaves ; styles 5, distinct; stamens

united in a tube with the corolla .. a x .. 1. AMetaxitis.
Perennial herbs with auriculate leaves; style 1, filiform, with 5 stig-
matic branches ; stamens free aE 36 an .. 2. PLuMBAGo.

i AHMGIALITIS, R. Br.

Simple-stemmed, soft-wooded shrubs. Leaves orbicular, alternate,
coriaceous, glabrous, entire, smooth, gland-dotted, reticulately-veined,
with long, thick, winged, amplexicaul petioles. Flowers in axillary or
terminal panicles of racemes; bract 1, sheathing, coriaceous, obtuse ;
enclosing the 2 bracteoles. Calyx tubular, folded; lobes 5, short,
induplicate-valvate. Corolla usually shorter than calyx, lobes 5,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 85

slightly cohering at base. Stamens adhering to the base of the petals.
Ovary 1-celled ; styles free, stigmas capitate. Frwit a capsule, linear,
long-exserted from the calyx, pentagonal, 1-seeded.i—Distris. Species
2, one Indian the other Australian.

AMGIALITIS ROTUNDIFOLIA, Roxb. Fl. Ind. II. 111. A simple-
stemmed, soft-wooded shrub, 3 to 8 feet high; stem about 3 in. in
diam., conical in shape. Leaves alternate, orbicular, very slightly acute
at apex, rounded or slightly cordate at base, diam. 2 to 3 in., entire,
glabrous, coriaceous, minutely glandular-dotted, shining above, dull
beneath; midrib thick and prominent, veins at an angle of 60 degrees
with the midrib, closely reticulate ; petiole very stout, 2 to 3 in. long,
prominently winged, the wings sheathing, amplexicaul, leaving annular
scars when they fall. Inflorescence of axillary or terminal panicled
racemes; flowers pale yellow, nearly sessile, enclosed in sheathing
bracts ; bract 1, -3 to -4 in. long, concave, obtuse, enclosing the two
similar but smaller bracteoles. Calyx cylindric, furrowed, °2 to ‘3 in.
long; teeth 5, short. Corolla slightly longer than calyx; lobes 5,
narrow. Stamens inserted on the base of the corolla; filaments
shorter than corolla-tube; anthers linear-oblong. Ovary 1-celled,
styles free, stigma capitate, ovule 1 pendulous. Wall. Cat. 7240; Griff.
Notul. IV. 207; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 479; Prain Beng.
Plants I. 638. 4. annulata var. rotundifolia, DC. Prod. XII. 621.
4. annulata, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 217; For. Fl. II.
96 (not of RF. Br.). Afgianilites rotundifolia, Presl. Bot. Bemerk. 103.

Manacca: Griffith (K.D.) 4156.—Distris. Coasts of Bengal and
Burma and the Andaman Islands, in mangrove swamps.

2. PuumBaago, Linn.

Perennial herbs or undershrubs, rarely annual, branches usually
straggling or sub-scandent. Leaves, if present, alternate, entire, the
petioles usually amplexicaul, auriculate at base. Flowers in terminal
spikes or spicate racemes, forming sometimes a leafy terminal panicle ;
bract 1, bracteoles 2, usually small. Calyx tubular, glandular, 5-fid,
the teeth erect. Corolla funnel-shaped; tube slender, lobes spreading.
Stamens free; filaments filiform, inserted on hypogynous glands; anthers
oblong, dorsifixed, usually exsert. Ovary attenuate at apex; style
slender, divided into stigmatose branches; ovule 1, pendulous from a
basal ascending funicle. Frwit a capsule, included in the persistent
calyx and corolla, circumsciss near the base, hardened above ; seed
solitary, albumen very small, embryo slender, radicle superior, coty-
ledons oblong.—Distris. About 10 species, found in the warm regions
of both hemispheres.

86 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Prumpaco zEypANtca, Linn. Sp. Pl. (1753) 151. A straggling
perennial herb; branches rounded, striate, glabrous. Leaves alternate,
ovate, shortly acute at apex, rounded at base and suddenly narrowed
and decurrent, 2 to 5 in. long, 1 to 2°5 in. broad, entire, thin, glabrous
above, somewhat scurfy beneath and often glaucous; midrib slender,
prominent beneath, main-nerves 6 to 7 pairs, also prominent, curving
upwards, secondary nerves and reticulations obscure ; petiole ‘5 to 1 in.
long, winged by the gradually narrowing decurrent base of the blade,
auricled and amplexicaul at base. Inflorescence a terminal leafy panicle
of spicate racemes, the rachis densely glandular; bract ovate, acumi-
nate, bracteoles 2, linear-subulate ; pedicels very short or none, bracts
and pedicels glandular. Calyx narrowly tubular, about ‘5 in. long,
more or less deeply 5-fid; lobes slender, hyaline on the margins,
covered thickly on the back with prominent stalked red glands.
Corolla-tube white, slender, funnel-shaped, membranous, about 1 in.
long ; lobes 5, nearly ‘5 in. long, ovate, acute, patent. Stamens 5, free;
filaments very slender ; anthers oblong, dorsifixed, exsert. Ovary ovoid ;
style filiform, dividing into 5 stigmatose branches. Capsule mem-
branous below, thick above, 5-furrowed, sharply pointed ; seed pendu-
lous, oblong; cotyledons obtuse. DC. Prod. XII. 692; Roxb. Hort.
Beng. 13, Fl. Ind. I. 462; Wall. Cat. 7241¢; Wight Ill. t. 179; Mig.
Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 994; Dalz. and Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 220; Kurz in Journ.
As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 217; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 480 ;
Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 65; Prain Beng. Plants I. 689. P. awriculata,
Bl. Bijdr. 736. P. viscosa, Blanco Fl. Filip. ed) 1) 78.) *Lumba-
codivéli,’ Rheede Hort. Mal. X. t. 8.

PENANG: Curtis 93; Deschamps. NucRi SEMBILAN : Ridley 10095.
Sincapore: Deschamps; King’s Collector 284——Disrris. Tropical
regions of the Old World, doubtfully indigenous in the Malay Penin-
sula or elsewhere.

Order LXXVIII. GENTIANACE.
[By C. B. Cuarxe.|

Herbs, erect, twining, or floating; glabrous except Mocrorphiwm.
Leaves entire; those of the lower main stem opposite except in the
floating plants. Inflorescence in 2- to 8-divided cymes, or peduncles
1-flowered. Flowers symmetric in calyx, corolla, stamens (except in
Canscora). Calyx tubular or campanulate ; lobes 4 to 5 (or by accident
(?) 6), oblong or linear. Corolla gamopetalous, tube long or short;
lobes as many as calyx-segments, usually dextrorsely contorted in the
bud. Stamens as many as the corolla-segments, all perfect (except in

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 87

Canscora) ; filaments on the corolla-tube; anthers of 2 parallel cells.
Ovary 1- (or imperfectly 2-) celled; of 2 carpels, superior or stalked or
slightly inferior; style linear or oblong; stigma capitate or shortly
2-lobed; placentas parietal, sometimes much intruded, partly coalescing
in the axis; ovules very many. Capsule dehiscent or indehiscent, not
rarely becoming more or less succulent; seeds many, albuminous.
—Distris. Species 700; found in all countries.

Erect herbs; lower stem leaves (often all the leaves) opposite :—

Glabrous; corolla blue 1. Exacum.

Pubescent all over ee ar 2. MicroRPHIUM.

Glabrous ; corolla rose-coloured or white 3. CANSCORA.
Twiner ; corolla narrow, more than 1 in. long 4, CRAWFURDIA.
Floating (or creeping on mud) ; leaves round-ovate :—

Pedunceles solitary, from the axil of a long-petioled leaf 5. VILLARSIA,

Pedunceles clustered, from the axil of a sessile leaf. . 6. LimNANTHEMUM.

1. Exacum, Linn.

Glabrous erect herbs. Leaves opposite, usually 3- to d-nerved.
Flowers panicled, 4- to 5-merous. Calyx deeply lobed. Corolla rotate ;
tube globose ; lobes ovate or oblong, blue or white. Stamens attached
in the corolla throat; anthers large, of two oblong cells, which open
first by terminal pores or short slits. Ovary more or less completely
2-celled ; style linear; stigma sub-capitate. Capsule globose, septici-
dally 2-valved; seeds numerous, minute, cuboid.—Distris. Species
30, whereof 20 Indian, the others in China, Malaya, Africa.

Stem 1 to 4 feet; corolla-lobes $ in. long, azure blue .. Ll. E. tetragonum.
Stem 4 to 12 in. ; corolla-lobes + to 4 in. long, pale blue .. 2. E. pedunculatum.,

1. ExacumM TETRAGONUM, var. 6 stylosa, C. B. Clarke in Hook. fil.
Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 95. Stem 1 to 4 feet, quadrangular. Leaves 5 by 1 in.,
sessile, lanceolate, 3- to 5-nerved. Panicle many-flowered ; bracts at its
divisions ‘25 to ‘d in. long, linear ; flowers 4-merous, or rarely 5-merous.
Calyx-lobes :25 in. long, ovate acuminate. Corolla-lobes ;5 in. long,
broadly elliptic acute, full azure-blue. Anthers -2 in. long, straight.
Style -5 in. long. Capsule globose, -25 in. in diam. LH. styloswm (sp.);
Griseb. in DC. Prod. IX. 46. H. chironioides, Griseb. Gent. 109, in
DC. Prod. IX. 45. H. Horsfieldianum, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 556. #.
sulecatum, C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. XIV. 425 (not of Roxb.).
H. tetragonum, Vidal Fl. Filip. 191.
SineaporE: Lobb 473.—Disrrre. From Burma to Borneo and the
Philippines.
2. Hxacum PpEDUNCULATUM, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. I. 112; ed. I. 163.

88 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Stem 4 to 12 in., quadrangular, often much-branched. Leaves 1:5 by
‘6 in., sub-sessile, elliptic or lanceolate, 3-nerved. Panicle usually com-
pound, many-flowered ; lower bracts similar to the leaves, by degrees
smaller, to the upper less than -25 in. long; flowers 4-merous. Calyz-
lobes ‘17 to 2 in. long, ovate, acute, winged. Corolla-lobes :25 to -35 in.
long, pale blue. Anthers -12 in. long, dehiscing finally half-way down.
Capsule globose, ‘17 in. in diam. DC. Prod. IX. 46; Hook. fil. Fl. Br.
Ind. IV. 97; Trimen, Fl. Ceyl. TIT. 182. HH. pedunculare, Arn. in Ann.
Sc. Nat. ser. 2, XI. 176; Wight Ic. t. 336. H. sulcatuwm, Roxb. Fl.
Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. I. 415 ; DC. Prod. IX. 46 (syn. eacl.).

SINGAPORE: Jobb 358.—Distris. From Oudh and Bengal to
Ceylon and Pegu.

2. Microrputium, C. B. Clarke, gen. noy.

A pubescent erect herb, repeatedly branched. Leaves alternate
except a few distant opposite pairs on the main stem. Flowers
numerous, solitary, pedicelled, in unilateral repeatedly branched cymes.
Calyx short-cylindric, terete, sub-2-lipped, almost leathery; lobes 5,
short. Corolla small; tube campanulate, lobes 5, equal, dextrorsely
contorted in the bud. Stamens 5, equal, perfect ; anthers exsert, cells
oblong, parallel, dehiscing by a slit their whole length. Ovary 1-celled;
placentas intruded; style linear, stigma sub-capitate. Seeds very small,
ovoid, not angular.—Distris. Species 1, Malayan. ;

1. MicrorPHIUM PUBESCENS, C. B. Clarke, sp. nov. Stem, leaves,
inflorescence, calyx covered with a short thick grey pubescence. Stem
(upper part seen) 14 in. long; the lower part with opposite pairs of
leaves (and branches) 2:5 in. apart; all the other numerous stem-
divisions and leaves alternate. Leaves of the main stem ‘75 by °35 in.,
elliptic, entire, obtuse, narrowed at base; petiole 0 to ‘1 in. long;
the other leaves similar but smaller. Pedicels:25in.long. Calyx 2 in.
long; opening at first in two lips, one emarginate 2-nerved, the other
ovate 3-nerved. Corolla-tube broad, lobes short, round, soon reflexed
over the calyx-margin. Capsule ovoid, ‘2 in. long, dry; seeds 200 yu
in diam. Pollen globose; 25 in diam.

Kepan: Curtis 2528. “ Height 1 to 2 feet; petals white; anthers
yellow ” (Curtis).

3. CAnscora, Lam.

- Herbs, dichotomously branched, glabrous or very nearly so. Leaves
opposite. Flowers mostly cymose. Calyx large, membranous, tubular,
often winged ; teeth much shorter than the tube. Corolla-twbe cylin-
dric; lobes 4, unequal (except in C. pentanthera), Ovary 1-celled ;

- Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 89

placentas intruded; style linear, lobes 2, hemispheric. Capsule 2-valved
or breaking up irregularly. Seeds very small, polyhedral.—Disrris.
Species about 25, extending from Africa through South-east Asia to
Australia.

One stamen only perfect; corolla irregular ae oe ws C. diffusa.
All stamens perfect; corolla regular Bk ae .. 2. C. pentanthera.

Sub-genus 1. Hu-Canscora. Calyx 4-toothed. Corolla sub-bilabiate.
Stamens 4; 1 larger perfect, 3 shorter smaller or obsolete.

1. CANscoRA DIFFUSA, R. Brown, Prodr. (1810) 451 in Obs. Erect |
annual, 4 to 20 in., much branched upwards. Leaves 1:5 by ‘d in., lanceo-
late or elliptic, 3-nerved, often petioled, upper smaller. Cyme diffuse ;
lower bracts at its divisions ‘d in. long, ovate, upper much smaller. Calyz
1 in. long; teeth lanceolate-linear. Corolla rose-coloured ; tube } in.,
lobes } in. Capsule oblong, as long as the calyx. DC. Prod. IX. 64;
Benth. Fl. Austral. IV. 372; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 103; Trimen
Fl. Ceyl., III. 184. Hzacum diffuswm, Willd. Sp. Pl. I. 637. Ortho-
stemon erectum, R. Br. Prod. 451; DC. 1.c.63. O. Hugelw, DC. Le. 63.
Pladera virgata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. I. 417; Hook. Bot.
Mise. IIT. 88 t. 25.

SincaporE: Lobb 345. A common species, extending from Hast
Tropical Africa throughout India to Australia and the Philippines.

Sub-genus 2. PENTANTHERA. Stamens 5 (or 6), equal, anthers all
similar, perfect. Corolla-lobes 5 (or sometimes 6), equal, dextrorsely
contorted in the bud. ;

2. CANSCORA PENTANTHERA, C. B. Clarke, sp.nov. A slender under-
shrub, 18 in. high, glabrous except the minutely gland-puberulous (young)
petioles ; stem terete with many opposite branches. Leaves opposite,
3 by 1 in., ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, attenuate at the base; petiole
0 to -2 in. Cymes loosely, repeatedly dichotomous, often carrying 10
flowers ; bracts at the divisions similar to the leaves, but gradually
smaller, becoming sessile, a few pairs connate into perfoliate bracts.
Flowers solitary, ‘5 in. long, on pedicels 12 to ‘Sin. long. Calyx °35 in.
_ long, membranous ; tube triquetrous, narrowly 3-winged, ovoid-cylindric;
lobes less than one-third the length of the tube, ovate, imbricate, apiculate.
Corolla white (fidley); tube as long as the calyx, lobes 5 (or not rarely
6), oblong-elliptic, equal, sub-erect, contorted dextrorsely (sensu Lin-
neano) in the bud. Stamens 5 (or 6 in the 6-lobed corolla), equal,
perfect; filaments inserted in the upper part of the corolla-tube from
which the erect anthers are half-exsert ; anther-cells 2, oblong or linear-
oblong, opening by longitudinal slits; pollen 25 by 20 up, ellipsoid,
irregularly longitudinally striate. Ovary oblong, when young thin,

7

90 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

almost succulent; placentas much intruded; style linear, with 2 round
stigmatic lobes. Capsule broad-ellipsoid, crustaceous, almost succulent
(dehiscence not clear); style persistent; seeds 300 » in diam., ovoid,
somewhat angular, brown.

Perak, Waterloo: Robertson 9088. Sruancor: Sua Batu, Ridley ;
Gua Batu, Ridley 8218. Kernan: Langkaui, Curtis 2516.

This species, the only one in the sub-genus, differs in the sstivation of the corolla,
the number of the stamens, the anthers all equal, the persistent style, from the
characters assigned to Canscora.

4, CrawFurpiéA, Wall.

Glabrous twiners. Leaves opposite, petioled, 3-nerved. Flowers
showy, axillary. Calyx tubular; teeth 5 (or 4), long, often very long.
Corolla long, tubular-funnel-shaped ; lobes 5, short. Stamens 5 on
the corolla-tube; anthers oblong. Ovary stalked, 1-celled, placentas
parietal ; style linear, stigmas 2, short-oblong. rwit globose or ellip-
soid, berried or capsular ; seeds many, 2- (or imperfectly 3-) angled.—
Distris. Species 10-12, extending from India to Manchuria.

1. CrawFurpD1A Buumu, G. Don Syst. IV. 200. Stem often 3 to
4 feetlong. Leaves (blade) 1:5 by -75 in., ovate-lanceolate, acute, entire ;
base rounded or narrowed; petiole -35 in. Flowers axillary, solitary,
sub-sessile, or the pedicel -25 to 1:5 in. long. Calyx narrow, angular ;
tube -2 in. long, teeth °25 in. long, linear. Corolla 1-25 to 1°5 in. long,
light purple. Fruit °6 in. long, ellipsoid, purple, succulent. Seeds
imperfectly 3-angular, angles (or 2 of them) often narrowly winged.
Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. v. IT. 561 (Blwmet). C. trinervis, Hassk. Cat. Hort.
Bogor. 128, in Tidjsch. Nat. Gesch. X. 126. Tripterospermum trinerve,
Blume Bijd. 849; Griseb. in DC. Prod. IX. p. 121. [Cf. C. B. Clarke
in Fl. Br. Ind. IX. p. 107, sub Crawfurdia affint, Wallich. ]

Pauana, 7,000 feet alt.: Wray 1570.—Disrris. Sumatra, Java.

5. VILuARSIA, Vent.

Floating, glabrous herbs. Leaves long-petioled, ovate, entire or
sinuate. Peduncles solitary, 1- (or many-) flowered. Calyx deeply
5-lobed. Corolla broadly campanulate ; tube short, lobes sub-rotate.
Stamens 5; filaments filiform, on the corolla-tube; anthers sagittate.
Ovary 1-celled; style short ; stigma of 2 small lobes; placentas parietal. —
Capsule globose, 1-celled, 4-valved at the apex; seeds several (or
numerous).—DistRiB. Species 12, in Africa or in Australia, except the
following Malay species.

1. VinuaRsIA AURANTIACA, Ridley MS. A small Reis stems 2 in.

iS

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 91

long, with leaves and peduncles at the nodes. Leaves all long-petioled,

*35 in. in diam., widely excavated at the base, ovate, margin sinuate ;

petiole *5 to 2 in. long. Peduneles solitary, 1 to 2 in. long, ebracteate,

1-flowered. Calyx ‘17 in. long, lobes oblong. Corolla 35 in. in diam.
Panane: Kwala Pahar, Ridley.

This example shows no fruit, and the flowers are not in a state fordissection. This
collection has been supposed to be near Limnanthemum parvifolium, Griseb., which
has smaller flowers, with the peduncles (several) clustered in the axil of a sessile leaf.
This plant of Ridley appears to come near the Swan River Villarsta violifolia, F.
Muell.

6. LiunantHEemouy, S. P. Gmel.

Peduncles several in the axil of a nearly sessile leaf. Capsule thin,
breaking up irregularly, otherwise as Villarsia.—Distris. Species 20,
dispersed throughout the Tropical and Temperate Zones.

1. LIMNANTHEMUM PARVIFOLIUM, Griseb. in DC. Prod. IX. 141.
Stem 3 to 8 in. long, slender, with distant nodes. Leaf -75 in., round,
ovate, excavated at base, gland-dotted on the under surface; petiole
scarcely ‘08 in. Pedicels clustered, 0 t0-25 in.long. Calyz-lobes -08 in.
long, lanceolate, acute. Corolla-lobes -17 in. long, white, fimbriate.
Capsule -17 in. long, ellipsoid, sessile, about 10-seeded ; seeds smooth
but with capitate papille sparsely irregularly scattered. Hook. fil. Fl.
Brit. Ind. IV. 132; Trimen, Fl. Ceyl. III. 189.

SincaporReE: Cuming 2280 (in Mus. Brit.)—Distris. Malabar,
Ceylon; Chittagong to Tavoy.

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JOURNAL

OF THE

ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL.

Vou. LXXIV., Part II.—Extra Number, 1905.

Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Pennsula.—By Str GrorGE
Kine, K.C.LE., LL.D., F.B.S., F.L.S., late Superintendent of the
fioyal Botame Garden, Calcutta, and J. Sykes GamBuz, Esq.,
C.1.H., M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., late of the Indian Forest Department.

Nor Eke:

This contribution embraces the Natural Orders Myrsinacee, Sapo-
tacee, Hbenacee, Styracee, Oleacee, which are given under the joint
names of the authors, the actual descriptions having been prepared by
Sir George King for the Hbenacee and by Mr. J. S. Gamble for
the rest.

The 5 Natural Orders comprise 24 genera and 221 species. There
are no new genera, but the number of new species reaches 103.

Order LXX. MYRSINACEA.

Trees, shrubs (erect or climbing), or undershrubs, generally ever-
green. Leaves usually alternate, sometimes opposite, entire dentate or
crenate, often dotted with pellucid round or linear resinous glands.
Stypules none. Flowers regular, usually small, white or reddish ;
hermaphrodite or occasionally polygamo-diecious ; generally in
panicles, racemes or umbels. Calyx inferior (in Mesa adnate to the
govary), 4—6-lobed, the lobes valvate or imbricate, sometimes enlarged
in fruit, persistent, often marked with glandular dots or lines. Corolla
4—5-lobed; the tube usually very short, sometimes wanting; lobes
twisted to the left in the bud, usually overlapping to the right, rarely
8

94 Flora of the Malayan Pemmsula.

valvate, often gland-dotted or -striate. Stamens opposite to the corolla-
lobes and equal to them in number, free or adnate to the lobes or in an
inner ring, generally erect; filaments long or short; anthers opening
by slits, usually introrsely, sometimes septate as in Mgiceras and
Ardisia littoralts, sometimes with terminal openings as well, free or
adherent by their edges ; the connective often thickened and produced,
sometimes glandular; staminodes sometimes present, though not in
Malay species. Ovary globose, ovoid or oblong, free (in Mesa adherent
to the calyx-tube), 1-celled, narrowed into or surmounted by the style ;
style filiform or columnar, stigma usually simple; ovules few or many,
inserted on or immersed in a free usually globose central placenta.
Fruit usually small, globose (in Aigiceras linear, curved, acuminate) ;
epicarp fleshy, mesocarp crustaceous, endocarp membranous, separable;
usually one- rarely several-seeded (as in Mesa), indehiscent. Seeds
usually globose, hollowed at the base: in Mesa many and angled ;
albumen pitted or ruminate; embryo transverse, cylindric; radicle
usually elongate.—Disrris. Tropical or sub-tropical regions of both
hemispheres, chiefly in Asia and South America; genera 32, species
upwards of 900 (according to Mez Monog. Myrsine@).

Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary; fruit many-seeded (Tribe I.

Masi) :—

Trees or shrubs; calyx 2-bracteolate; flowers in simple or com-

pound racemes Be 30 a0 -. Miah.
Calyx-tube free from the many 2 ; fruit one-seeded (Tribe II.
HKUMYRSINE#) :—

Fruit round; anther-cells usually opening by slits, rarely sep-
tate :—
Corolla-lobes imbricate in bud :—
Flowers in axillary or lateral fascicles; trees or shrubs .. 2. MynrsIne.
Flowers in racemes or panicles; climbing plants, rarely
shrubs ne 3. EMBELIA.
Corolla-lobes valvate in bade floweren in a eoamenlere spike- like
racemes; small shrubs with parallel-veined leaves .. 4. Lapista.
Corolla-lobes contorted in bud :—
Anthers sagittate, rarely septate; corolla-lobes oe

tothe right .. .. O. ARDISIA.
Anthers sagittate- Temceole! the poncetine Praduced in a
membranous wing; corolla-lobes overlapping to the left .. 6. ANTISTROPHE.

Fruit elongate, cylindric, long-pointed ; anthers markedly septate 7. AUaicERas.

1. Masa, Forsk.

-Trees or shrubs, erect or straggling. Leaves entire, dentate or ser-
rate, usually pellucid-punctate, sometimes with resinous lines. Flowers
hermaphrodite or unisexual, in terminal or axillary racemes, the
pedicels bracteate. Calyx bibracteolate, 4—5-lobed; lobes persistent,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 95

imbricate ; the tube adnate to the ovary, sometimes with resinous lines.
Corolla shortly campanulate, 4—-5-lobed; the lobes usually as long as
the tube or rather shorter, rounded with inflexed tips, sometimes
resinous-lineate. Stamens 4 or 5, inserted on the corolla-tube; fila-
ments short; anthers introrse, oblong-cordate. Ovary adnate to the
calyx-tube; style short; stigma small, entire or shortly 3-5-lobed;
ovules numerous, placenta globose. rut small, dry or fleshy, ovoid
or subturbinate, crowned with the persistent style, many-seeded.
Seeds numerous, angular, immersed in hollows of the placenta, and
arranged around it with hexagonal surfaces, embryo small, oblique or
transverse, cotyledons narrowly ovate.—DistTrIp. Species over 100
(according to Mez), chiefly in the tropical regions of the Old World,
a few in Australia and the Pacific Islands; all the Malayan species
belonging to sub-genus Hwmesa, Mez.

Leaves entire :-—
Flowers in large terminal leafy panicles; branches of the
inflorescence pubescent .. 1. MW. macrothyrsa.
Flowers in large axillary or agen lemnttinel) Spaniels of
racemes ; branches of inflorescence glabrous
Leaves sohly lobed :—
Leaves very slightly dentate, almost coriaceous, under 3°5 in.
long, midrib and main-nerves very prominent; inflorescence
as long as or only a little shorter than leaves .. -. 3. WM. impressinervis.
Leaves membranous, over 4 in. long :—
Leaves pale when dry, under 3 in. broad, distantly den-
tate, inflorescence longer than the petiole nye 4. M. striata.
Leaves dull green when dry, over 4 in. broad, niarnectiones
scarcely longer than the petiole
Leaves prominently dentate oe 2 -. 6. M. indica.

bo

. MW. ramentacea.

. WM. pahangiana.

Or

1. Masa macrotuyrsa, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 573 (1862). A
slender climbing shrub reaching 30 to 50 feet in length ; branches brown,
somewhat angled and flexuose, striate. Leaves entire, chartaceous ;
elliptic, shortly bluntly acuminate at apex, rounded at base; smooth and
dull on both surfaces; 3 to 4 in. long, 1:5 to 2 in. broad; midrib promi-
nent, impressed above; main-nerves 5 to 7 pairs, distant, starting from
-the midrib at about 60° and curving upwards; secondary nerves and
reticulations indistinct; petiole -5 to -7 in. long, channelled above by
the decurrent margins of the blade. Inflorescence a large leafy terminal
many-flowered tripinnate panicle, the branches rusty pubescent; pedi-
cels about 025 in. long, supported by a slightly shorter ovate-acute
bract, and bearing 2 similar bracteoles below the flowers. Calyx
superior, cupular; lobes 4, occasionally 5, rounded, denticulate, ‘04 in.
long, gland-dotted ; tube very short. Corolla dull white or pink, longer
than calyx; tube as long as lobes; lobes 4 or 5, rounded, often with

96 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

small lobules between, denticulate, with about 3 to 4 glandular lineoles.
Stamens inserted near the base of the corolla-tube; anthers globose;
filaments about twice as long as anthers. Ovary rounded, depressed,
crowned with a short cylindric style and obtusely 3-4-lobed stigma.
Fruit very small, -05 in. in diam., globose, glabrous, faintly striate,
crowned about one-third of the way down with the persistent calyx-
teeth. Sceds very minute, angled. Scheff. Myrs. 29; Mez Monog.
Myrs. 49. M. floribunda, Scheff. Myrs.18. M. Korthalsiana, Scheff.
Myrs. 18 (?)

Perak: Wray 2684; Scortechint 122, 1655; King’s Collector 725,
9722, 3777, 4968, 5326.—Distris. Sumatra, Korthals, Beccart 887 ;
Borneo, de Vriese, Teysmann.

We have always found the flowers tetramerous, as described by Miquel and
Schetfer. Mez describes them as either 4- or 5-merous. This is a well-marked
species on account of its large terminal inflorescence, whose pubescent branches easily
distinguish it from those occasional forms of M. ramentacea which haye part of the
inflorescence pseudo-terminal.

2. Masa RAMENTACEA, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. IT.
231 (1824). A large shrub or small tree, usually branched from the
base and sending out many straggling or climbing branches often
30 to 40 feet long or more; branchlets smooth, somewhat striate when
dry. Leaves entire, chartaceous; ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, acuminate
at apex, rounded or cordate at base; 3 to 8 in. long, 1°5 to 4 in. broad;
smooth on both surfaces and generally shining above; midrib promi-
nent, often impressed above ; main-nerves slender, distant, 5 to 10 pairs,
starting at 45° with the midrib and curved upwards; secondary nerves
and reticulations not apparent: petiole -3 to -5 in. long, slightly winged
by the decurrent margins of the blade, which are often connivent
above. Inflorescence axillary or sometimes pseudo-terminal, glabrous,
many-flowered, consisting of more or less closely packed racemes
arranged in bipinnate panicles, shorter or longer than the leaves ; pedi-
cels ‘1 to -15 in. long, slender, supported by a minute lanceolate bract
and with 2 very minute ovate-lanceolate bracteoles below the flower;
buds minute, globose, depressed at top. Calyx superior, cupular; tube
very short, about ‘025 in. long; lobes 5, ovate, faintly ciliate, as long as
the tube. Corolla 075 in. long; lobes half the length, ovate or ovate-
reniform, edges undulate, with a few brown glandular lineoles. Stamens
short, longer in @ flowers, inserted a little below the top of the tube;
anthers rounded, filaments as long as the anthers, dorsifixed. Ovary
in ? flowers adnate to the base of the calyx-tube, style short, stigma
minutely 4-lobed, ovules many. fruit globose, 1 to :15 in. long,
crowned with the persistent teeth of the calyx; seeds minute, angled,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. a7

albuminous, embryo small, transverse. A. DC. in Trans. Linn. Soe.
XVII. 133, Prod. VIII. 77; Scheff. Myrs. 15; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT.
1006 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 220; For. Fl. II. 99;
Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 508; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. V. 218 ;
Mez Monog. Myrs. 27; Prain Beng. Pl. 642. M. ovata, A. DC. 1.c. 133,
it, erog. le. 77; Scheff. Myrs. 14. M. lanceolata, Don Prod.
148. M. acuminata, mossionis, and glabra, DC. Prod. lc. 77, 78, 82.
M. sumatrana, Scheff. Myrs. 15. Baobotrys ramentacea, Roxb. Hort.
Beng. 16, Fl. Ind. I. 558; Wall. Cat. 2322. B. ovata, Wall. Cat. 2324.
B. glabra, Roxb. Fl. Ind. 1. 560. B. fragrans, Wall. Cat. 2323. B. (?)
maissionis, Wall. Cat. 6523.

Kepau: Langkawi, Curtis 2554, 3409. Prnana: Wallich 2324;
Maingay (K.D.) 1001; J. Scott; G. King; Phillips; Deschamps.
Perak: Scortechim 3824, 6068, 628; Wray 1286, 1291, 1912, 2368,
2787 ; King’s Collector 171, 1222, 1909, 2788, 3883, 4144, 4281, 4497,
4915, 5088, 5113; Curtis. Panana: Ridley 2175. Srvnancor: Ridley ;
Goodenough 10554. Neeri SempBinan: Fidley 10067. Matacca:
Griffith (K.D.) 3552; Cuming 2286; Milier 9; Hervey; Goodenough 1036,
1742; Derry 37, 1063; Ridley 10099. JoHore: Lake & Kelsall 4035 ;
G. King. Sinearore: Schomburgk 91; Lobb 324; T. Anderson 126;
Fridley 2064, 2805: Goodenough 1644; Hullett 38, 56, 885, 887.—
Distris. Hastern Bengal and Burma, Andaman and Nicobar Islands,
Sumatra, Java, Borneo.

We follow Mez in not keeping up the var. ovata. The large mass of material
available shows clearly that in shape of leaf and in inflorescence the variation is
regular, and that the form with cordate long-acuminate leaves passes gradually into
that with ovate broad short-acuminate leaves, and that similarly the inflorescence
changes. A monstrous form with moss-like inflorescence similar to those often seen in
India on MW. Chisia and other species, is not uncommon.

3. MSA IMPRESSINERVIS, King & Gamble, n. sp. A bush or small
tree ; branches half as thick as a goosequill, glabrous, pale brown, and
prominently longitudinally wrinkled when dry. Leaves thinly coria-
ceous ; elliptic, shortly acuminate at apex, cuneate at base; entire or
very faintly dentate only near the apex, margins recurved when dry,
reticulate and shining above, dull and paler beneath ; 3 to 3:5 in. long,
1-25 to 1:75 in. broad; midrib prominent, impressed above ; main-nerves
7 or 8 pairs, also prominently impressed above and prominently raised
on the lower surface, arching upwards to meet near the margin ; secon-
dary nerves few, inconspicuous as are the reticulations; petiole -2 to
‘25 in. long, bordered by the decurrent edges of the blade, which are
almost connivent above. Inflorescence an axillary raceme, simple or
with one short branch near the base, 1:5 to 2°5 in. long, and so shorter

98 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

than the leaves ; pedicels slender, -1 in. long, with a -06 in. long subulate
bract at the base and 2 similar bracteoles beneath the flower; buds
nearly globose. Calyx superior, ‘05 in. in depth, cupular, with 5 imbri-
cate broad incurved concave glabrous lobes. Corolla rotate with 5
imbricate rounded broad lobes, -1 in. deep; tube rather longer than
lobes. Stamens 5, imserted on the base of the corolla; anthers
globular; filaments flattened, longer than the anthers. Ovary inferior,
depressed, surmounted by a flattened lobed stigma, 1-celled; ovules
many, cuneate, on a central basal placenta. Fruit unknown. —

PERAK: Gunong Bubu, at 5,000 feet elevation; Wray 3850, 3886.

4. Masa striata, Mez Monog. Myrs. 42 (1901). A shrub or small
tree ; branches smooth, reddish, with scattered lenticels. Leaves mem-
branous; rather variable, elliptic or elliptic-oblong, rounded or acuminate
at apex, bluntly acute and sometimes unequal at base; entire or un-
dulate or broadly dentate, especially on the upper half, pale green
when dry, glabrous except for a few occasional stiff hairs on the midrib
beneath, striate with many faint very slender lineoles; 4 to 7 in. long,
2-5 to 3 in. broad; midrib angular, prominent beneath, main-nerves
7 to 8 pairs, slender; secondary nerves and reticulations faint and
irregular; petiole slender, -4 to 1 in. long, channelled above. In-
florescence of axillary racemes, simple or joined in a sub-sessile panicle,
rarely over 2 in. long; pedicels very slender, ‘05 to ‘1 in. long, with a
subulate bract at base, half their length, and 2 acute bracteoles under
the flower. Calyx superior, about -1 in. deep; lobes 5, imbricate, ovate,
rounded, about 4-striate, edges hyaline; tube as long as lobes. Corolla
as long as calyx, rotate, ‘lin. in depth; lobes 5, imbricate, rounded,
crenate, glabrous. Stamens 5, inserted near the base of the corolla ;
anthers ovate, slightly divaricate; filaments 2 to 3 times as long as
anthers. Ovary inferior, depressed, rounded; style short cylindrical,
stigma 4-lobed; ovules many, cuneate, on a central basal placenta.
Fruit round, 1 to ‘15 in. in diam., smooth, faintly ribbed, crowned
by the persistent calyx-lobes and style.

Prenane: at Paya Trobong, Curtis 2857. Prrax: King’s Collector
2287.—Distris. Sumatra, Morbes 1260, 1287, 1315, 1376.

5. Masa PAHANGIANA, King & Gamble, n. sp. Apparently a shrub;
branches round, smooth, dark brown when dry. Leaves membranous ;
rhomboid-obovate, acuminate at the apex, rounded cuneate at base;
faintly crenate especially in the upper half; glabrous on both dull sur-
faces; 7 to 8 in. long, 4 to 4°5 in. broad; midrib slender, prominent
beneath ; main-nerves distant, 8 to 9 pairs, at about half a right angle
with the midrib, sometimes branched ; secondary nerves few and like
the reticulations indistinct; petiole slender, ‘8 to 1 in. long. Jnflores-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 99

cence a simple axillary raceme, as long as or slightly longer than the
petiole; pedicels slender, about -1 in. long, supported by a minute
subulate bract below and with two similar bracteoles below the flower.
Calyx superior, cupular, with a very short tube and 5 triangular
imbricate teeth “6 in. long, glabrous, hyaline at the edges and very
faintly brown-glandular. Corolla as long as calyx; lobes 5 imbricate,
glabrous, rounded, somewhat crenate, with 2 to 3 prominent brown
glandular lineoles; tube half the length. Stamens nearly as long as
corolla, inserted near its base; filaments about twice as long as the
anthers; anthers emarginate, cells somewhat divaricate. Fruit globose
with a conical tip surrounded by the remains of the corolla and the
persistent calyx, and surmounted by the short persistent style, ribbed,
125 in. in diam., glabrous.
Pawane: at Tanjong Antan, Ridley 2175a.

Only one specimen is unfortunately available, and that in fruit, with only remains
of flowers.

6. Masa tnpica, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. IT. 230
(1824). A shrub reaching 4 to 6 feet in height ; branchlets brown, smooth,
lenticellate. Leaves chartaceous; elliptic or elliptic-oblong, acuminate,
rounded or acute at the base; repand-dentate, about 3 teeth to each
main-nerve ; 3 to 7 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad ; midrib very prominent, often
broad; main-nerves 8 to 12 pairs, others closely reticulate; glandular
strize long, prominent; petiole 5 to 1 in. long, channelled above by the
decurrent bases of the blade. Inflorescence of simple or compound
axillary racemes, much shorter than the leaves, usually 1 to 3 in. long;
pedicels slender, ‘05 to 1 in. long, longer in fruit; bracts subulate, in
flower as long as pedicels; bracteoles 2, minute. Calyx superior, with
5 imbricate lobes, which are ovate, ciliate, striate, about -04 in. long,
almost acute orrounded at apex. Corolla as long as calyx; lobes denti-
culate, glandular-striate; tube as long aslobes. Stamens inserted at base
of corolla-tube; anthers ovate, cells divaricate; filaments dorsifixed,
rather longer than anthers. Ovary rounded; style short cylindric,
- stigma obtuse; ovules many. /rwit round, smooth, striate, -15 in.
long, crowned at the summit by the persistent calyx-lobes and the
remains of the stigma. Seeds angular. A. DC. in Trans. Linn. Soc.
XVII. 134, Prod. VIII. 80 (in part); Wall. Cat. 2318 E.; Clarke in
Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 509 (in part); Koord. & Val. Bijd. V. 222;
Mez Monog. Myrs. 29. Beobotrys indica, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 16, Fl.
Ind. I. 557.

PERAK: Wray 3314, 3349; Scortechini 16, 733; Rrdley 3007,
9741 ; King’s Collector 7712.—Distris. Burma, Java.

100 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

2, Myrsine, Linn.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves entire or serrate, often thick, usually
pellucid-punctate. lowers polygamous or dicecious, fascicled, axillary
or on very short branches, pedicels short with many imbricate bracts.
Calyx small, lobes 4 to 5 persistent. Corolla 4—5-lobed, the lobes
imbricate in bud, recurved in flower. Stamens 4-to 5; filaments short,
inserted at the base of the corolla-lobes; anthers short, ovate;
staminodes none. Ovary free, globose or ovoid; style usually short,
cylindric or angular; stigma capitate or 2-5-lobed; ovules few or
many, immersed in the placenta. Mrwt a small, dry or somewhat
fleshy, berry, l-seeded. Seed solitary, globose, sessile, hollowed at
the base; albumen pitted; embryo elongate, cylindric or curved,
horizontal Distris. Species about 80, chiefly tropical, a few in
Japan, extra-tropical Africa, Australia and New Zealand. All our
species belong to Mez’ genus Rapanea.

Arrested branches bearing the umbels very short, -1 in. long or
under :—
Leaf-nerves and reticulations obscure, leaves small, under2°5in. 1. M. avenis.
Leaf-nerves and reticulations visible, leaves usually over 2°5 in :—
Leaves under 4 in. long, chartaceous, blackish when dry;

pedicels short, -1 in. long .. 2. M. Porteriana.
Leaves over 4 in. long, coriaceous, recied when ary aatiaals
over ‘15 in. long .. 38. M. perakensis.
Arrested branches bearing the henner “3 in. mone or more :—
Leaves rounded at apex; berry -2 in. in diam. se .. 4. M. Wrayi.
Leaves emarginate at apex; berry 3 in. in diam. .. .. 5. M. umbellulata.

1. Myrsine avents, A. DC. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVIT. 107 (1834).
A small tree; branches pale, rounded; branchlets wrinkled when dry,
faintly ferruginous-tomentose, leaf-buds long acuminate. Leaves
entire, chartaceous ; oblong-lanceolate, bluntly acute at apex, acutely
narrowed at base, glabrous, marked with resinous often very con-
spicuous lineoles and dots along the margin especially near the apex,
margins usually recurved; 1 to 2'5 in. long, ‘5 to ‘75 in. broad; mid-
rib prominent, impressed above; main-nerves very obscure as are the
reticulations; petiole -2 in. long, slender, edged with the ciliate margins
of the decurrent blade. Flowers in compact sessile 2—5-flowered
umbels on very short thick arrested branches; bracts oblong
acute ; pedicels about -1 in. long, angular; flower-buds ovaite, flowers
5-merous. Calyx-lobes triangular, acute, ciliate, with few round
glandular dots; tube as long as lobes. Corolla-lobes imbricate, elliptic,
pubescent on the margins, sparsely round-gland-dotted, connate for
about one-third of their length. Stamens as long as corolla-lobes ; anthers

Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula. 101

ovate, apiculate, pubescent at tip; filaments and lower part of anthers
attached about half-way up the corolla-lobes. Ovary rounded, conical ;
style short in g, oblique and with long channelled stigma in °.
Berry globose, ‘1 in. in diam., glandular, smooth, tipped with the
persistent style. DOC. Prod. VIII. 96; Miq. Pl. Jungh. 189, and FI.
Ind. Bat. II. 1015; Scheff. Myrs. 47; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. V. 234.
Myrsine capitellata, Wall. var. avenis Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III.
512 (i part); Stapfin Trans, Linn. Soc. Ser. 2, TV. 199. Ardisia avenis,
Blume Bijdr. 691. Fapanea avenis, Mez Monog. Myrs. 387.

SincaPore: Ardley 253.—Distrip. Java, Celebes, Borneo.

2. Myrsine Porteriana, Wall. Cat. 6525 (1829). A shrub or small
tree ; branches grey, rough ; branchlets slender, angled when dry, leaf-
buds lanceolate. Leaves chartaceous, entire; oblong-lanceolate, bluntly
acute and slightly emarginate at apex, cuneately narrowed at base,
glabrous, glandular dotted, especially along the margin, and often
glandular-lineolate, black or greyish when dry; 1:5 to 3:5 in. long,
‘75 to 1:25 in. broad ; midrib prominent beneath, impressed above ; main-
nerves 8 to 12 pairs, the lowest pair running parallel to the midrib
and there joined by the rest, not always easily seen; secondary nerves
few, slender, reticulations minute; petiole slender, -2 to -4 in. long,
channelled above by the decurrent and almost connivent, slightly
fimbriate, edges of the blade. Flowers in compact sessile umbels on
the summit of a short thick cone-like bracteate arrested branch about
‘1 to *3 in. long; bracts ovate, bracteoles oblong, blunt, ciliate ; pedicels
angled -1 in. long; flower-buds ovate, flowers greenish-white, usually
dicecious, 5-merous. Calyx-lobes ovate acute, ‘05 in. long, ciliate,
marked with prominent dark round or lineolate glands; tube as long as
lobes. Corolla-lobes oblong obtuse, ‘1 to ‘15 in. long, minutely pubescent
on the margins, marked by prominent dark rounded and lineolate glands,
connate to one-fourth of their length, revolute in flower. Stamens
inserted on the corolla, the filaments and lower half of the anthers
adnate with it, those of 3 flowers ovate apiculate, those of ¢ flowers
sagittate; in open flowers exsert, longer than the revolute lobes. Ovary
_ ovoid, glabrous, ¢ flowers with a short straight style, 9 flowers with an
oblique style and oblique folded stigma. Berry globose, glabrous,
‘lL in. in diam., dark blue when fresh, pale when dry, striate from
the elongated vertical glands. A. DC. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 106,
Prod. VIII. 95. M. capitellata var. avenis, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind.
III. 512 (in part). Rapanea Porteriana, Mez Monog. Myrs. 358.

Penane: Porter in Wallich 6525; Maingay (K.D.) 1005; Curtzs
1013, 3728, on Government Hill, road to Crag. Prrax: Ridley 2992;
Wray 678, 1537; King’s Collector 5001, usually at 5,000 feet eleva-

102 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

tion. Panane: Ridley 16694. SrLancor: Ridley 8208. Matacca =
Griffith (K.D.) 3543 ; Ridley 10076, on Mount Ophir.

3. MyYRSINE PERAKENSIS, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree; branchlets.
thick, smooth, wrinkled when dry, terminal leaf-buds lanceolate. Leaves
entire, coriaceous; oblong, bluntly acute at apex, narrowed at the base,
glabrous, shining above, margins recurved, glandular dots many, in-
conspicuous ; 4 to 5 in. long, 1°5 to 2 in. broad; midrib thick, very
prominent; main-nerves 20 to 26 pairs, prominent above, at about two-
thirds of a right angle with the midrib, parallel at first, arching afterwards
to meet near the margin; secondary nerves similar but more slender,
reticulations prominent; petiole -3 in. long, very thick, winged by the de-
current margins of the blade. Flowers in compact sessile umbels on the
summit of a thick, cone-like, bracteate, arrested branch about ‘1 in. long,
in the axils of the leaves or below them on the current year’s wood,
so forming a thick cluster below the terminal leaves: umbels 5-8-
flowered, pedicels -15 to -2 in. long, thick and angular when dry ; bracts
ovate, scaly, sometimes ciliate. Calyxz-lobes ovate acute, glandular-
ciliate, about -05 in. long, ciliz jointed. Corolla and Stamens unknown.
Berry globose, sometimes conical at top, ‘1 to ‘15 in. in diam., pericarp.
pale brown when dry, striate with obscure oblong glands.

Perak: Wray 3856; Scortechini, 766, at 5,000 feet elevation.

4, Myrsins Wrayi, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree; branchlets.
stout, striate when dry. Leaves entire, coriaceous; elliptic-oblong,
rounded at the apex, narrowly cuneate at base; 3 to 5 in. long, 1 to.
1-75 in. broad, glabrous; midrib slender; main-nerves very obscure, about
12 pairs, meeting in an intramarginal nerve near the edge, reticulations
many, somewhat raised beneath when dry; petiole ‘5 to -7 in. long,
bordered above by the decurrent margins of the blade, wrinkled at the
base. lowers in peduncled axillary few-rayed umbels; bracteoles.
minute, triangular; peduncles -3 to ‘5 in. long; rays of umbel 3 to 4,
pedicels about -35 in. long, clavately thickened above. Calya-lobes
triangular-ovate, glandular-ciliate, acute, -05 in. long. Corolla and
Stamens unknown. Frwit round, :2 in. in diam., crowned by the
persistent base of the style; pericarp rugosely striate.

PERAK: Wray 232, at 4,500 feet.

5. MyRsiInzE umBEeLLuuata, A. DC. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVIT. 135.
(1834). Asmall tree ; branchlets thick, glabrous, reddish-brown Leaves —
entire, coriaceous; elliptic-obovate, obtuse and emarginate at apex,
acute at the base; glabrous above, rusty beneath, black glandular dots.
frequent, margins often recurved; 2 to 3:5 in. long, -75 to 1:25 in.
broad; midrib prominent, slender; main-nerves inconspicuous, slender,
raised on upper surface, depressed on lower, reticulations obscure ;.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 103:

petiole -3 to -5 in. long, rugose, bordered above by the decurrent margins
of the blade. Flowers in axillary scattered umbels on thick cone-like
bracteate arrested branches, about ‘15 in. long; pedicels very slender,
‘*3 to 4 in. long, glabrous. Calyx-lobes ovate, acute, very shortly cilio-
late, minute, recurved in fruit. Corolla and Stamens unknown. Berry
globose, ‘3 in. in diam., smooth, pale when dry, crowned with the per-
sistent style. A. DC. Prod. VIII. 95; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 1014.
M. capitellata, var. avenis, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 512
(im part). Embelia umbellulata, Wall. Cat. 2312. Rapanea wmbellu-
lata, Mez Monog. Myrs. 362. _
Singapore: Wallich 2312.—Distris. Sumatra, Borneo.

3. EmpBetia, Burm.

Small trees or shrubs, usually climbing, often extensively. Leaves
alternate, entire, dentate or serrulate, usually glandular, petiole often
margined. Flowers in axillary or terminal racemes, simple or paniculate,
white or pink, hermaphrodite or polygamo-dicecious. Calyx free, 4—8-
lobed, persistent, the lobes rounded or ovate. Corolla 4-5-lobed, the
lobes imbricate or contorted, tube none or short. Stamens 4 to d;
filaments short or elongate, inserted on the corolla; anthers ovate-
oblong, obtuse or acute; staminodes none. Ovary ovoid, globose or
conical ; style short; stigma capitate; ovules few, inserted on a sub-
globose placenta. Fruit a small drupe, globose, 1-seeded, crowned by
the persistent style. Seed ovoid, hollowed at the base, albumen pitted,
embryo transverse, curved.—Distris. About 60 species, in the tropical
regions of the Old World.

Inflorescence terminal or terminal and axillary, paniculate :-—
Petals free (Sect. 1. HuEmBELIa) :-—
Leaves membranous or chartaceous :—
Main-neryes of leaves slender, not prominent :—
Petals sparingly villous, anthers with a cluster of black
warts behind oe a ae ao lle JES IRIE
Petals densely villous, anthers with only small glandular
warts behind :—
Leaves elliptic, 1:5 to 2 in. broad, shortly acuminate... 2. EH. canescens.
Leaves oblong, ‘75 in. broad, long but obtuselyacuminate 3. HE. dasythyrsa.
Main-nerves of leaves prominent :-—
Branches slender, leaves lanceolate acuminate, flowers

densely villous Bic an as .. 4, E. Scortechinii..
Branches stout, leaves suddenly acuminate, flowers
giabrous or slightly pubescent only Ue .. 5. E. penangiana.

Leaves coriaceous :—
Panicles long, leaves moderately thick :—
Leaves acute or cuneate at base, main-nerves conspicuous,
bracteoles as long as the pedicels oe .. 6. E. pergamacea.

104 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Leaves rounded or cordate at base, main-nerves very pro-

minent, bracteoles shorter than the pedicels .. 7. E. coriacea.
Panicles short, stout, leaves very thick wa .. 8. E. angulosa.
Petals joined at the base into a tube (Sect. II. GrenacHERTA) :—
Leaves rusty-villous beneath, bracts of the inflorescence
short, inconspicuous ad 9. H. Lampani.
Leaves pubescent or nearly alsibaemne Honenth, bee of the
inflorescence long, often leafy, conspicuous she .. 10. EH. amentacea.

Inflorescence axillary :—
Inflorescence paniculate, axillary, 1 to 2 in. cis (Sect. III.
PatTTara) . 11. E. Ridleyi.
Inflorescence meet Pioricr cian el Teaves on very shart
racemose branchlets with many bracts (Sect. IV. Micrem-

BELIA) :—
Flowers tetramerous, leaves coriaceous Be .. 12. E. Myrtillus.
Flowers pentamerous, leaves chartaceous vie .. 13. EF. parviflora.

SPECIES IMPERFECTLY KNowN: 14, E. lucida. 15. E. macrocarpa.

1. Esperia Rises, Burm. FI. Ind. 62. t. 23 (1768). An evergreen
climbing shrub; branches pale brown, with thick bark studded with
conical protuberances; branchlets pale brown, smooth, lenticellate.
Leaves entire, chartaceous; elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, obtusely acu- _
minate at apex, cuneate at base; glabrous above, glabrous or minutely
pubescent beneath, glandular dots scattered, sometimes obscure; margin
generally recurved; 2 to 3 in. long, 1 to 1°5 in. broad; midrib slender,
prominent below, generally impressed above; main-nerves obscure,
irregular, slender, 12 to 14 pairs, parallel at first then curved upwards
to join near the margin; secondary nerves many faint, reticulations
very obscure; petiole -3 to ‘5 in. long, bordered by the crisped edges
of the decurrent blade. Inflorescence a large terminal leafy 3-pinnate
grey- or rusty-pubescent panicle of racemes, the branches at first turning
upwards, afterwards nearly at right angles with the rachis; bracts
leafy, smaller by degrees upwards; bracteoles subulate, shorter than the
slender pedicels, ‘05 in. long; buds small, globose; flowers white. Calyx-
lobes very minute, about -025 in. long, triangular-acute, ciliate, with few
glandular dots ; tube as long as lobes. Corolla-lobes free, elliptic, rounded
at top in 2, more acute in g, ‘05 in. long, ciliate, sparingly villous-
pubescent, apex incurved, with few prominent glandular dots. Stamens
inserted on the corolla-lobes, about half-way up in g, lower down in ?,
‘shorter than the lobes; anthers short, ¢ with parallel, 2 with divaricate,
‘cells, both with a long black mass of glandular warts behind at the
insertion of the dorsifixed filaments. Ovary ovoid, glabrous; style short,
stigma capitate in 3, peltate and larger in ?. Berry globose or some-
times pyriform, red or black, glabrous, succulent, wrinkled when dry,
aromatic, ‘1 to ‘15 in. in. diam., crowned with the persistent style and

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 105

stigma. Retz. Obs. iv. 24; Lamk. Ill. t. 183; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 586;
Wall. Cat. 2304 ; A. DC. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVIT. 129, Prod. VIII. 85
(part); Scheff. Myrs. 38; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 1011; Dalz. & Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 137; Brandis For. Fl. 284; Kurz For. Fl. II. 101; Clarke in
Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. II. 513 ; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 69; Cooke Bomb. FI.
II. 84; Mez Monog. Myrs. 303; Prain Beng. Pl. 643. H. Burmannii,
Retz Obs. LV. 23. H. garcimefolia, Wall. Cat. 2304c and £; Mig. l.c.
1011; Scheff. Myrs. 40. EH. sumatrana, Migq. 1.c. 1012. EH. glanduli-
fera, Wight Ic. 1207; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 137. Samara Ribes,
Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. 222. Ardisia tenuiflora, BI.
Bijdr. 687.

Penana: Deschamps, Curtis. Pruraxk: Wray 420; Scortechini ;
King’s Collector 928, 1150, 6999 (abnormal state, most of the flowers
converted into leafy bracts). Manaccoa: Griffith (K.D.) 3550; Matneay
(K.D.) 1002; Cuming 2320. JoHorE: Natwe Collector 3749. SINGAPORE:
Fiidley 10643, 2803 (fruits converted into insect galls); Kurz 2965.—
Distris. India, Burma and Ceylon; Malay Islands and eastwards to
South China.

Var. rugosa, King & Gamble. SBranchlets dark brown, much
wrinkled and with oblong lenticels. Leaves 4 to 5 in. long, 1:5 to
2 in. broad, usually thicker than the type. acemes less pubescent
than in type, the flowers often collected near the ends of the ultimate
branches of the inflorescence. Stamens of g flowers exsert. Stigma
of ? much larger than that of g flowers, peltate. Berry rugose,
conically tipped ; pericarp thick, fleshy, with cavities.

Perak: Wray 2278, 2576, 3069; King’s Collector 2512, 3001, 4040.
StyeaPpore: Ridley 10384.

’ We find no Malay specimens with the large glandular pits so well marked in
South Indian specimens (Embelia glandulifera, Wight Ic. 1207). Wight’s figure is
not well drawn in several respects, and especially as to the nervation of the leaves, so
it is not very easy to make sure about it, but there seems no reason to separate

EF. glandulifera from E. Ribes unless perhaps as a variety. It has usually a much
shorter and fewer-flowered inflorescence.

_ 2. EMBELIA CANESCENS, Jack; Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey &
Wall. IT. 292 (1824). A climbing shrub with slender, villous, sub-
flexuose branches. Leaves entire, chartaceo-membranous; elliptic,
shortly acuminate at apex, rounded or sub-cordate at base, glabrous or
slightly pubescent and shining above, canescent beneath; glandular
dots many, not prominent, in the areoles of the reticulations; 2 to 3°d
in. long, 1°5 to 2 in. broad; midrib prominent, impressed above, villous
beneath ; main-nerves about 10 pairs, irregular, curving upwards to join
at some distance from the margin; secondary nerves many, slender,

106 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

reticulations irregular; petiole 3 to ‘4 in. long, bordered above by the
prominently crispate edges of the decurrent blade, rugose beneath-
Inflorescence a slender terminal 3-pinnate leafy panicle of distant com-
paratively few-flowered racemes, 4 to 8 in. long; rachis and its branches
densely rusty-villous; bracts leafy below, spathulate above, bracteoles
subulate, deciduous, about half as long as the -05 to ‘1 in. long pedicels
which are longer in fruit; buds very minute, globose. Calyx-lobes very
small, triangular, pubescent; tube as long as lobes. Corolla-lobes oblong,
free, blunt, -06 in. long, densely villous without, papillose within and
glandular-dotted. Stamens shorter than the corolla-lobes, inserted near
their base; anthers rounded, warted with inconspicuous glands behind
at the insertion of the dorsifixed filaments. Ovary in § flower rudi-
mentary. Berry globose, somewhat conical above, rugose when dry,
crowned with the remains of the persistent style, °2 in. in diam.
Wall. Cat. 2311; A. DC. Prod. VIII. 85; Scheff. Myrs. 42; Migq. Fl. Ind.
Bat. II. 1012; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 514; Mez Monog.
Myrs. 308. .

PenanG: Jack; Porter. Prrax: Ridley 7172 (part). Manacca:
Maingay (K.D.) 1004. Stye@apore: Goodenough 2804; Hullett 115.

3. HMBELIA DASYTHYRSA, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 573 (1862). A
slender climbing shrub; branches minutely pubescent, striate, with pro-
minent raised lenticels; branchlets dark, slender, rusty-villous. Leaves
entire, chartaceous; oblong or elliptic-oblong, bluntly acuminate at
apex, rounded at base; glabrous above, glabrous except on the midrib
beneath, glandular dots scattered, obscure; 1°5 to 2 im. long, about
‘75 in. broad; midrib prominent beneath, villous, impressed above, main-
nerves 10 to 12 pairs, irregular, arching upwards to meet near the
margin; secondary nerves few, slender, reticulations obscure; petiole
‘1 to ‘2 in. long, channelled above. Inflorescence a long, 3-pinnate, leafy
panicle of long slender many-flowered racemes, rachises minutely
pubescent ; bracts leafy, bracteoles subulate, minute, much shorter than
the ‘1 in. long very slender pedicels ; buds globose shaggy, flowers grey.
Calyxz-lobes minute, about 03 in. long, triangular, ciliate ; tube shorter
than lobes. Corolla-lobes free, ovate-spathulate, about -06 in. long, black-
gland-dotted, densely covered with short moniliform hairs. Stamens
less than half the length of the corolla-lobes, inserted at the base;
anthers reniform, with inconspicuous glandular warts on the back at
the insertion of the dorsifixed filaments, which are almost shorter than
the anthers. Ovary ovoid, style very short, stigma in g small capitate,
in @ peltate, large. Berry red or black, 15 in. in diam., globose or
slightly pyriform, wrinkled when dry, tipped by the persistent style and
stigma. Scheff. Myrs. 42; Mez Monog. Myrs. 305.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 107

Perak: Wray 1924; Scortechini 498; King’s Collector 776, 4103,
4375, 5102, 5762, 6640, 8583, 10024, 10701, clinging to trees in dense
jungle at low levels. Srnancor: Ridley 7572. Sincapore: Auillett
118.—Distris. Bangka, Teysmann Hort. Bogor. No. 3189, at Djeboes.

Only one very poor specimen of the type (Teysmann’s) is available, but from an

examination of it and from Miquel’s description it seems to be right to refer the
Peninsular plant, which we had considered new, to this species.

4, Eupenia Scortecuinir, King & Gamble, n. sp. A climbing
shrub (?); branches slender ; ultimate branchlets reddish, rusty-villous.
Leaves entire, chartaceous; elliptic-lanceolate, long acuminate at apex,
narrowed at base; glabrous above, grey-pubescent on the nerves beneath
and with minute white scales, glandular dots obscure ; 4 to 5 in. long,
1-5 to 2 in. broad; midrib very prominent, impressed above; main-nerves
about 8 pairs, prominent, slender, curving upwards to and along the
margin; reticulations many, prominent on the upper surface ; petiole
-2 in. long, pubescent. Inflorescence of slender rusty-villous panicles of
long racemes, the panicles 7 to 10 in. long, racemes 3 to 6 in.; rachis
hirsute, somewhat angular; bracts deciduous, bracteoles very minute,
subulate ; buds very small, globose. Calyx-lobes ovate, rounded, very
minute, the edges ciliate with long moniliform hairs, tube very short.
Corolla-lobes oblong, acute, ‘(05 in. long, shaggy with long moniliform
hairs. Stamens shorter than the corolla-lobes; anthers ovate, cordate,
with two prominent papillose warts behind at the insertion of the dorsi-
fixed very short filaments. Ovary ovoid, style conical. Berry not known.

PERAK: Scortechint.

This interesting species is characterised by the abundant moniliform hairs on the
flowers, longer and more conspicuous than in other species.

5. HMBELIA PENANGIANA, Mez Monog. Myrs. 311 (1901). A climbing
shrub, stem reaching about 1 in. in diam.; branches stout; ultimate
branchlets red, striate, lenticellate. Leaves entire, chartaceous ; elliptic,
shortly acuminate at apex, narrowly cuneate at base; glabrous, not gland-
dotted; 3:5 to 4:5 in. long, i-5 to 2 in. broad; midrib prominent, impressed
-above ; main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, irregular, slender, at about two-thirds
of a right angle with the midrib at first then arching upwards to join
near the margin; secondary nerves similar but less prominent, reticula-
tions many ; petiole -5 in. long, slender, edged by the crispate decurrent
margins of the blade which are often connivent above. Injlorescence a
terminal 3-pinnate leafy panicle, 6 to 9 in. long, of slender racemes ;
rachis slightly pubescent, main branches at about half a right angle
with rachis ; peduncles about 1 in. long, upper branches and branchlets
usually at right angles; bracts lanceolate spathulate, leafy, deciduous ;

108 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

bracteoles subulate, as long as or rather longer than the very short,
under ‘05 in. long pedicels; buds very small, globose, flowers red. Calyx-
lobes orbicular, glandular-ciliate, ‘05 in. long, connate to the middle, not
gland-dotted. Corolla-lobes 5, free, ovate, rounded at apex, ‘075 to ‘Lin.
long, slightly pubescent without, papillose within, not gland-dotted.
Stamens of g flowers equal to or longer than the corolla-lobes, of ¢
flowers shorter than them, inserted near the base of the lobes; anthers
oblong, emarginate, with minute black warts behind at the insertion of
the dorsifixed filaments. Ovary ovoid, glabrous, style very short, stigma
peltate. Berry globose, red, tuberculate and corrugate, -1 in. in diam.,
fruiting pedicels as long as berry. Hmbelia Ribes var. penangiana,
Oliv. in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1597.

PEnanG: Curtis 306. Perak: Wray 1875, 1409; Scortechini ;
King’s Collector 3637, 10739.

A well-marked species, distinguished by the fairly prominent nerves of the leaves,
the very short pedicels, and the absence of glandular dots.

6. EMBELIA PERGAMACEA, A. DC. Prod. VIII. 85 (1844). A slender
climbing shrub; branches rather thick, branchlets wrinkled and angular
when dry. Leaves entire, coriaceous; oblong-lanceolate, acuminate at
apex, cuneate or acute at base; glabrous, shining above, pale beneath,
margins recurved, glandular dots many, hardly prominent; 3 to 5 in.
long, 15 to 2 in. broad, midrib thick, impressed above; main-nerves
slender 12 to 14 pairs, parallel but irregular, raised and conspicuous on
the upper surface, leaving the midrib at about two-thirds of a right angle
and joining near the edge in an intramarginal nerve; secondary nerves
many, parallel to the main-nerves, reticulations obscure ; petiole -3 in.
long, angular, channelled above when dry by the crispate edges of the
decurrent blade. Inflorescence a large terminal, pyramidal, 4-pinnate,
nearly glabrous, leafy panicle with racemose branchlets and very
numerous flowers; main rachis thick, flattened above, branches nearly
at right angles to rachis as again are the branchlets, all angular ; bracts
ovate spathulate, leafy, bracteoles subulate acuminate as long as the
pedicels ; pedicels ‘05 in. long, somewhat longer in fruit; buds very
small, globose, flowers light red. Calyz-lobes minute, about ‘04 in.
long, broadly triangular, acute, glandular-ciliate, papillose on both
sides, dotted with few large and small brown and black glands, tube as
jong as lobes. Corolla-lobes free, ovate-oblong, glandular-ciliate, glabrous
without, papillose within, dotted in upper part only, ‘07 in. long.
Stamens as long as or shorter than corolla-lobes, inserted half-way up ;
anthers ovate cordate, emarginate, black-warted behind at the insertion
of the dorsifixed filaments. Ovary glabrous, ovoid; style thick very

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 109

short; stigma capitate. Berry globose, blue when ripe, wrinkled when
dry, ‘06 in. in diam., crowned with the persistent style, gland-dotted.
Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 1012; Schetf. Myrs. 34; Mez Monog. Myvrs. 310.
Ardisia pergamacea, Bl. fide A. DC.

Perak: Curtis 2029; Wray 2001; King’s Collector 3658, 4678,
6412.—Distris. Java; Borneo.

This species closely resembles EZ. coriacea, but differs in the acuminate leaves, very
shining above and prominently nerved; in the papillose calyx-lobes, petals dotted only
in the upper part and bracteoles as long as the pedicels.

7. EMBELIA cortaceA, Wall. Cat. 2314 (1829). A climbing shrub;
branches reaching 1°5 in. in diam.; branchlets reddish, twisted, somewhat
angular, roughly lenticellate. Leaves entire, coriaceous; oblong or
oblong-lanceolate, obtusely acute at apex, rounded or almost cordate or
auricled at base ; glabrous, more or less shining above, brownish beneath,
glandular dots scattered, not prominent, margin sometimes incurved ;
3 to 10 in. long, 1°5 to 4 in. broad; midrib thick, impressed above ;
main-nerves many, slender, not prominent, irregularly parallel, at about
two-thirds of a right angle with the midrib, joining in an intramarginal
faint nerve ; secondary nerves many, slender, reticulations faint; petiole
thick, -3 to ‘7 in. long, channelled when dry by the crispate edges of the
decurrent blade. Injlorescence a large terminal 4-pinnate spreading
leafy rusty-pubescent panicle with racemose branchlets and very
numerous flowers; main rachis thick, somewhat flattened, branches
nearly at right angles to rachis as again are the branchlets; bracts
leafy, decreasing upwards; bracteoles minute, subulate, about half the
length of the pedicels ; pedicels 05 in. long; buds very small, globose,
flowers grey. Calyx-lobes 5, minute, triangular, glabrous, dotted with
very few (3 to 5 per lobe) brown or black glands; tube as long as lobes.
Corolla-lobes free, 4-5, ovate, blunt, recurved, glabrous without, slightly
papillose within, gland-dotted all over. Stamens shorter than the
corolla-lobes, inserted on them about half-way up; anther-cells oblong,
somewhat divaricate, with about 4 black warts behind at the insertion
of the short filaments. Ovary ovoid, style very short, stigma capitellate.
Berry globose, smooth, ‘075 to -l in. in diam., pale, prominently
gland-dotted, wrinkled when dry, crowned with the persistent base of
the style. A. DC. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 185, Prod. VIII. 87;
Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 513; Mez Monog. Myrs. 313. HL.
oblongata, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 573; Scheff. Myrs. 34. #. macro-
phylla, Bl.; Scheff. Myrs. 36.

Prenane : Wallich 2314; Curtis 1047. Prrax: Curtis 1307 ; Derry
11712; Wray 2001, 2579, 3238; Scortechint 117, 255 ; King’s Collec-

3)

110 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

tor 2278, 3481, 4976, 5056, 5254, 5323, 6231, 6766, 7857, 10015, 10543.
Panane: Ridley 5828. Smpancor: Ridley 7562. Matacca: Maingay
(K.D.) 1018; Ridley 111385. Stnaarpore: Ridley 2812.—Dtstr1p.
Sumatra; Java; Borneo, Beccari 767, 878, 1189, 2561, 3922 ; Haviland
& Hose 3469.

8. EmBexia AncuLosA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A climbing shrub ;
branches thick, branchlets wrinkled when dry, lenticels few. Leaves
entire, coriaceous; ovate, obtuse, emarginate, glabrous, shining above,
dull beneath, glandular dots pitted on both surfaces ; 2 to 3-5 in. long,
1 to 2 in. broad; midrib very thick and prominent, impressed above ;
main-nerves 14 to 16 pairs, slender, irregular, leaving the midrib at
nearly a right angle, then curved and joining near the margin, raised
on upper surface; secondary nerves many, slender, reticulations obscure ;
petiole -2 in. long, channelled above and bordered by the crispate edges
of the decurrent blade. Inflorescence a dense terminal glabrous stiff
panicle about 4 in. long and broad, of racemes, the rachises sharply
angled; bracts leaf-like, spathulate, bracteoles very small, subulate ;
pedicels -05 in. long, thick, angular, glabrous or minutely pubescent,
equal to or shorter than the bracteoles ; buds globose. Calyx-lobes ovate,
ciliate, minute, ‘03 in. long, not gland-dotted. Corolla-lobes free, ovate,
acute, ‘075 in. long, nearly glabrous outside, papillose within. Stamens
shorter than corolla-lobes, inserted one-third up, reniform, with incon-
spicuous black dots at the insertion of the short dorsifixed filaments.
Ovary ovoid glabrous; style very short; stigma peltate. Berry red,
ovoid, somewhat pyriform, ribbed and gland-dotted, glabrous, crowned
with the remains of a cylindric style and capitate stigma. . coriacea,
Stapf in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. ii. TV. 200 (not of A. DC.)

Perak: Wray 1524—on Ulu Batang Padang at nearly 5,000 ft.—
Distris. Borneo, Haviland No. 1152, on Mt. Kinabalu at 7,600 to
8,800 feet.

The description of the flowers is taken from Haviland’s Borneo specimen, the rest
from Wray’s.

9. Empenia Lampant, Scheff. Myrs. 37 (1867). <A slender climbing
shrub, clinging to trees; branches reddish-brown, rough with strigose
hairs, lenticellate ; branchlets rusty-villous-hairy. Leaves chartaceous ;
oblong, obtuse or emarginate at apex, rounded or cordate at base;
margins recurved, upper surface glabrous except on the midrib, lower
surface rusty-villous, glandular dots many, scattered; 1°5 to 3°d in. long,
1 to 1‘5 in. broad; midrib impressed above, prominent below, villous on
both sides ; main-nerves many (up to 24 pairs), irregular, at about two-
thirds of a right angle with the midrib, straight at first then curving

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 111

upwards to meet in a nerve more or less parallel to the margin; secondary
nerves similar, reticulations many ; petiole -1 to -2 in long, rusty-villous.
Inflorescence of terminal panicles of pedunculate racemes 6 to 12 in.
long, the branches often leafy, rachis and peduncles all rusty-villous ;
peduncles ‘5 to ‘7 in. long, pedicels slender, about ‘05 in. long; bracts
few, leaf-like; bracteoles rather longer than the pedicels, lanceolate to
spathulate ; flowers small, buds globose, petals white, striate, tube red.
Calyx-lobes 5-6, ovate, acute, ciliate on the edges, villous, dotted with
few glands; tube as long as lobes, both together -05 in. long, longer in
fruit. Corolla gamopetalous from one-third to one-half of its length ;
lobes oblong, obtuse, recurved, ‘1 in. long, sparsely gland-dotted. Stamens
as long as or a little shorter than the corolla-lobes, inserted about half-
way up, anthers oblong, dehiscing longitudinally, the back with black
conspicuous glandular warts; filaments adnate to the corolla below
point of insertion, slender, dorsifixed. Ovary rounded, glabrous, style
cylindric, stigma peltate in 92, slightly lobed in g. Berry globose,
-1 to -15 in. in diam., black when dry, crowned with the persistent
style, rugosely glandular. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 514.
H. villosa, Wall. Cat. 2313 (im part). Grenacheria Wallichiana, Mez
Monog. Myrs. 298, fig. 49. G. Lampant, Mez lc. 294.

PENANG: Curtis 305; G. King. Prraxk: Wray 95, 2784; Scortechina
231; King’s Collector 2483, 4210, 6849, 8134. Smnancor: Ridley 10224.
Manacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1003. Sincarore: firdley 10417.—DistRip.
Sumatra, Korthals ; Borneo, Haviland & Hose.

Haviland and Hose’s Borneo specimens have rather larger flowers than, and
pedicels about twice as long as, those from the Peninsula (No. 2280).

10. EMBELIA AMENTACEA, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 514
(1882). A slender climbing shrub; branches pale brown, velvety; branch-
lets cinnamomeous or rusty-villous. Leaves chartaceous; oblong or
obovate-oblong, obtuse and sometimes emarginate at apex, rounded at
base ; upper surface sparsely pilose, under surface pubescent, pale bluish-
green, glandular dots many prominent ; 2 to 3 in. long, ‘75 to:1 in. broad;
midrib impressed above, prominent below, villous on both sides; main-
nerves few, 6 to 10 pairs, irregular, at about two-thirds of a right angle
with the midrib, arching upwards, branching and joining in a nerve near
the margin ; secondary nerves similar but more slender, reticulations not
prominent; petiole :15 in. long, villous, winged by the decurrent base of
the blade. Inflorescence of terminal panicles of pedunculate racemes,
the branches leafy, the leaves passing gradually into oblong or spathu-
late conspicuous bracts; peduncles 1 to 1:5 in. long, enlarged at base ;
pedicels -1 in. long, supported by linear subulate bracteoles twice their

112 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

length, so that when in bud the racemes have the appearance of
catkins ; flowers very small, buds globose. Calyz-lobes 5, acute, ciliate
on the edges, gland-dotted, tube as long as lobes, both together -05 in.
long. Corolla very shortly gamopetalous; lobes 5, ovate, obtuse, glabrous
within, ‘05 in. long. Stamens very short, shorter than corolla-lobes,
inserted about half-way up; anthers oblong, rounded, with black
papillose warts on the back; filaments as long as anthers, dorsifixed.
Ovary rounded, glabrous, conical above, style slender, stigma peltate.
Berry globose, wrinkled when dry, ‘1 to ‘125 in. in diam., crowned
with the persistent style and stigma, black when dry. Grenacheria
amentacea, Mez Monog. Myrs. 294.

Prrak: Scortechiu 802; Ridley 7172 (part); King’s Collector 5055,
6280, 6817, 8692—in open ground and in bamboo forests. SELANGOR :
Fiidley 7561, Native Collector 28024, Goodenough 10555. Manacca:
Griffith (K.D.) 3548.

Mez suggests that this may be a young state of Grenacheria Wallichiana. He
apparently saw only Griffith’s specimen. The abundant material now available clearly
shows that Clarke correctly considered it as separate. The curious catkin-like young
inflorescence and the more sparse leaf-venation distinguish it.

11. Ewpenia Ripueyi, King & Gamble, n. sp. A climbing (?)
shrub; branchlets light brown, wrinkled. Leaves chartaceous ; oblong,
acute at apex, rounded at base; glabrous, glandular dots scattered’
obscure, margin somewhat recurved; 4 to 7 in. long, 1:5 to 3 in. broad ;
midrib thick, prominent below; main-nerves prominent below, about 12
pairs, curving upwards and meeting in a looped intramarginal nerve ;
secondary nerves and reticulations faint; petiole ‘5 in. long, thick.
Inflorescence an axillary panicle of racemes, the branches curved, distant ;
rachis -5 to 1 in. long, that of racemes shorter, bracteoles minute,
triangular ; racemes about ‘5 in. long. Calyzx-lobes 4 or 5, ovate, gland-
dotted, very small. Corolla and rest not seen.

SINGAPORE: Fiidley 6324. It seems to come near to H. floribunda,
Wall.

Li. Tsjeriam-Cottam, A. DC. is quoted by Mez as extending from India southwards |
to Singapore, but we have seen no specimens from our region.

12. EmpeciaA Myrrinuus, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XL. 11. 67
(1871), and For. Fl. II. 104. A small climbing shrub (Wray) ; branches
rough, somewhat corky, with large lenticels ; ultimate branchlets densely
rusty-villous. Leaves coriaceous; bifarious, broadly elliptic to almost
orbicular, acute at apex with usually 3 terminal teeth, narrowed truncate
or cordate at base; glabrous above, slightly villous on nerves beneath ;
glandular dots black, numerous, small, fewer large, scattered, especially

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 113

near the apex and along the margin, which is often recurved ; -4 to ‘7 in.
long, *3 to*6 in. broad; midrib prominent; main-nerves 6 pairs, arched
upwards and joining in an intramarginal nerve; secondary nerves similar,
reticulations prominent; petiole ‘1 in. long, villous. Flowers tetramerous,
very small, in umbels or very short racemes on short axillary arrested
branches, -1 to 15 in. long, shorter than the leaves; bracts minute, sub-
ulate. Calyx-lobes ovate, glandular ciliate, densely papillose within, ‘05 in.
long, tube very short. Corolla-lobes free, oblong, rounded at apex, ‘1 in.
long, glandular-ciliate on the edges, conspicuously marked with black,
oblong or linear glands. Stamens longer than the corolla-lobes in g
flowers, shorter in @ ; anthers oblong, often cordate, with conspicuous
warts at the insertion of the dorsifixed filaments which spring from
the base of the petals. Ovary ovoid; style slender; stigma capitate,
4-cleft. Berry globose, red or black, ‘15 to :2 in. in. diam., promi-
nently gland-dotted, tipped with the persistent style and stigma.
Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 516; Mez Monog. Myrs. 322.
Myrsine Myrtillus, Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 825. Samara Myrtillus, Kurz in
Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 223.

Perak: Scortechint 762; Wray 1565, 3818, on Gunong Bubu
and Gunong Brumber, at 5,000 to 7,000 feet. Matacca: summit of
Mount Ophir, Griffith (K.D.) 3542; Lobb; Ridley.—Distris. Burma,
Griffith.

13. EmBELiIA PARVIFLORA, Wall. Cat. 2307 (1829). A slender climbing
shrub reaching 60 feet in length ; branches and branchlets densely rusty-
villous, slender. Leaves chartaceous; distichous, ovate, obtusely acute
at the apex, truncate at base; glabrous except on the midrib beneath ;
margin slightly recurved; glandular dots many, prominent, scattered,
more numerous towards the apex; ‘7 to 1:5 in. long, ‘5 to -75 in. broad ;
midrib prominent beneath, impressed above; main-nerves 8 to 10
pairs, slender, curving upwards towards the margin; secondary nerves
slender, many, reticulations prominent; petiole scarcely :05 in. long,
rusty-villous, channelled above. Inflorescence of very short axillary few-
flowered subumbellate racemes, 3 4-6-flowered with -15 in. long slender
pedicels, 2 1-3-flowered with -05 in. slender pedicels; bracts in both
minute subulate; flowers pentamerous; budsglobose. Calyx-lobes oblong,
fimbriate-ciliate, -05 in. long, with few (about 6) large brown glands,
glandular-villous without, tube very short, ciliz moniliform. Corolla-
lobes ovate, rounded, ciliate, ‘075 in. long, 05 in. broad, with few unequal-
sized prominent brown glands. Stamens in g flowers longer than
corolla-lobes, in ¢ much shorter; anthers reniform, in g apiculate
and warted at back at the insertion of the dorsifixed, rather long fila-
ments which spring from near the base of the corolla-lobes. Ovary

114 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

rounded, glabrous; style slender, curved, stigma peltate, at any rate in
2. Berry globose, red, black when dry, smooth, 15 to -2in.in diam.,
surmounted by the remains of the style and stigma. A. DC. in Trans.
Linn. Soc. XVII. 130 (excel. var. (3), Prod. VIII. 86: Scheff. Myrs.
44; Kurz For. Fl. II. 104; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 515;
Mez Monog. Myrs. 324. Samara parviflora, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc.
Beng. XLVI. ii. 223. Celastrinea, Griff. Itin. Notes 85, n. 1226.
PERAK: Scortechint ; Wray 4194—at Maxwell’s Hill, Larut, 3,500
feet ; Curtis 2059—on Hijan Range; King’s Collector 2342, 6992—from
dense forests on high hills at 3,000 to 5,000 feet.—Distrip. Khasia
and Naga Hills; Upper Burma, Griffith (K.D.) 3545, &e. ; Sumatra

IMPERFECTLY KNoWN SPECIES.

14, Hmpenia tucipa, Wall. Cat. 2315. Leaves 3 in. long, 1:25 in.
broad, broadly oblong, suddenly narrowed at both ends, entire, glabrous,
coriaceous. acemes 1 in. long, axillary, simple, solitary or paired,
rusty-villous. A. DC. Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 134, Prod. VIII. 87
Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 517; Mez Monog. Myrs. 396.

Sincapore: Wallich 2315.

15. Empenia MacrocaRpPA, King & Gamble, n.sp. A strong climber,
branchlets thick, nearly black, rough. Leaves coriaceous; elliptic, obtuse
or shortly acuminate at apex, almost rounded at base, glabrous, margin
reflexed; 6 in. long, 3 to 4 in. broad; midrib rather slender; main-
nerves irregular, distant, not prominent, about 8 pairs; secondary nerves
slender, obscure as are the reticulations; petiole -7 to 1 in. long, thick,
bordered above by the decurrent margins of the leaves. Flowers
apparently on rather short, thick racemes from the branches. Calya-
lobes 4, triangular, acute, gland-dotted, under -1 in. long. Berry large,
‘) to ‘7 in. in diam., smooth, wrinkled when dry, globose, crowned with
the short remains of the Benpisyent style. Seed with many conspicuous
pits. Rest not seen.

PENANG: at Marriot’s Road, 1,500 feet, Cwrtes 1229.
The following Burmese species is here inserted, as it is found in
Tenasserim and may occur further south in the Malay Peninsula.

Empenia GauLatiy1, King & Gamble, n. sp. Apparently a shrub; branchlets
Younded, dark brown, lenticellate. Leaves ovate, acuminate at apex, truncate at base;
prominently crenate dentate with blunt teeth and glands in the crenatures ; glabrous
on both surfaces, glandular dots few, chiefly near the margin; 1 to 1:4 in. long, °5 to
‘7 in. broad; midrib slender, impressed above; main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs; arching
upwards to the crenatures; secondary nerves many, slender, reticulations prominent ;
petiole -1 to ‘2 in. long, channelled above, crispately edged. Inflorescence of axillary
corymbose racemes, 10-12-flowered, rachis about 2 in. long, bracts minute subulate,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 115

the whole minutely rusty-pubescent, pedicels slender. Calyx-lobes triangular acute
‘03 to -05 in. long, ciliate; tube as long as lobes or somewhat shorter. Corolla-lobes
oblong-spathulate, -1 in. long, ciliate, minutely pubescent, sparsely gland-dotted.
Stamens longer than corolla-lobes, 15 in., anthers oblong, cells parallel, not warted
behind at the insertion of the long exsert filaments which spring from close to the base
of the corolla-lobes. Ovary oyoid-conical, style short curved, stigma minute. Berry
unknown.

TENASSERIM: at Moolyet, 5,000 feet, G. Gallatly No. 407. Gamble
No. 7906 from Mianimukh, Chittagong Hill Tracts, without flowers or

fruit, is probably this species.

4, Lapistra, Lindl.

Small shrubs, with a creeping rhizome and erect stem, resembling
Pothos in appearance. Leaves few, coriaceous, entire or denticulate,
sessile or petiolate, the petiole often dilated, main leaf-nerves very many,
at right angles to the midrib. lowers hermaphrodite, minute, pink, in
axillary spike-like panicles, bracts very small. Calyx minute, 5-lobed.
Corolla 5-lobed, lobes ovate, induplicato-valvate in bud; tube very short.
Stamens 5, wrapped in the corolla-lobes; filaments very short; anthers
ovoid, introrsely dehiscent, no staminodes. Ovary globose, attenuated
into a short style; stigma small; ovules few, immersed in a globose
central placenta. rwit small, globose, red, 1-seeded. Seed globose,.
hollowed at the base; albumen smooth ; embryo cylindric transverse..
—Disrris. About 4 species, all of the Malay Peninsula and Archi-
pelago.

Leaves petiolate without decurrent wings :—
Leaf-blades elliptic-lanceolate, much longer than broad 1. L. pumilavar. lanceolata..
Leaf-blades ovate or ovate-orbicular, nearly as broad
as long.. we a

Leaves with winged petioles or sessile :—
Wings very narrow, blade of leaf acuminate at both
ends .. e ar 4 .. IL. L. pumila.
Wings broad :—

Leaves crenate, thin, main-nerves rather distant .. 1. L. pumila, var. alata.

Leaves entire, coriaceous, main-nerves very close
and regular a bi ve .. 38 L. longistyla.

1. Lasista pumina, Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. II. 645 (1876). A.
semi-herbaceous undershrub, with rooting stems and leaves not jointed
at their insertion but decurrent into them. Leaves bluish-green,
elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, narrowed at the base, and more or less.
-decurrent on the petiole; crenately toothed, or sometimes nearly
entire ; blade 5 to 8 in. long by 1 to 2:5 in. broad; midrib thick, often
rusty-pubescent; main-nerves extremely numerous, nearly at right angles.
to the midrib, parallel, slender, anastomosing towards the margin, and.

2. L. pauctfolia.

116 Flora of the Malayan Penimsula.

then producing an elegant network; under-surface with brown glandular
scales; petiole 1 to 3 in., enlarged at the base, often minutely rusty-
pubescent. Flowers pink, in a spike-like, long-stalked, ferruginous-
tomentose panicle of small corymbose bracteate clusters; peduncles
of corymbs 1 in. long or shorter, sometimes none; bract linear-subulate,
“05 to 1 in. long.; pedicels -05 to 1 in., slender, with minute bracteoles.
Calyz-lobes triangular, acute, ‘025 in. long, densely glandular. Corolla-
lobes ovate, with linear glands, glabrous. Stamens infolded in the
corolla; filaments very short; anthers oblong-linear, apiculate, with
several hard round or linear black warts on the back. Ovary rounded,
pubescent, ending in a subulate angular style with minute notched
stigma. Fruit a globose red berry, about ‘15 in. in diam., ribbed
and with prominent elongate glands, surmounted by the persistent
style. Mez Monog. Myrs. 171 (var. genuina). L. pothoina, Lindl. in
Bot. Reg. 31. t. 48; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 518; Stapf
in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. 2, IV. 200; Ardisia pumila, Blume Bijdr.
688; A. DC. Prod. VIII. 187; Mig. Pl. Jungh. 199 and Fl. Ind.
Bat. II. 1028; Scheff. Myrs. 92. A ? spicata, Wall. Cat. 2273;
A. DC. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 135.

SINGAPORE or PrEnanc: Walker, 165. Prnana: Curtis 1192;
Kunstler 1159. Perak: Scortechim; Wray 753a. Mauacca: Maingay
1013 (K.D.); Stolsczka. Sinecapore: Ardley 1804.—Distrip. Java:
Forbes 238, 474. In dense moist forests on the lower slopes of hills.

Var. lanceolata, Scheff. lc. 93. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate,
somewhat rounded at base; not, or very slightly, decurrent ; blade 5 to
8 in. long, by 1°5 to 3°5 in. broad; petiole 2 to 5 in. long not winged.
Inflorescence more slender, bracts often longer than the peduncle of the
corymb. Clarke in Hook.f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 518; Mez Monog. Myrs. 172.
L. pothoina, N. EH. Brown (non Lindl.) in Ill. Hort. XXXII. 95 tab. 561.

Penane: Hullett 201. Pananea: Goodenough 2799. SinGapore :
Lobb 61; Kurz; T. Anderson 196.—Distris. Sumatra, Korthals ;
Borneo, Motley 1250, Haviland.

Var. alata, Scheff. le. 93. Leaves thin ashy-green above, dark
green below, elliptic oblong, rounded at top or obtusely acuminate ;
gradually or suddenly narrowed into a broad wing decurrent on the
petiole; crenate glands and scales few or none; 6 to 16 in. long, 2 to
4 in. broad. Inflorescence with the corymbs usually more closely
congested and on a shorter peduncle ; flowers somewhat smaller, bracts
usually longer than the corymb peduncle, flowers white or pink. Mez
Monog. Myrs. 172. JL. alata, N. E. Brown in Ill. Hort. XX XIII. 123,
t. 605. .

Perak: Wray 7538, 824, 2482, 2737; Scortechim ; King’s Collector

Flora of the Malayan Penmsula. hi By

980, 2815, 2882, 2891, 2942, 2974, 2999, 3376, 8325, 10949. Sincarore:
Lobb 313.—Distris. Sumatra, Korthals ; Borneo.

2. LABISIA PAUCIFoLIA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small semi-
herbaceous undershrub, 10 to 15 in. high; the stems striate, round,
minutely purplish-brown-pubescent, bearing rarely more than 3 to
4 leaves. Leaves long-petioled, the blade ovate or orbicular-ovate,
rounded at top into a bluntly acute point, rounded at base and then
very shortly decurrent; entire or very minutely crenate ; 2°5 to 4 in.
Ieng, 1:5 to 3in. broad ; main-nerves slender, numerous, more or less
parallel, joining near the edge; petiole 1 to 2 in. long, thickened at
the base and decurrent into the stem. Inflorescence 1:5 to 2°56 in.
long, consisting of axillary, short-peduncled, rusty-pubescent racemes,
the flowers reflexed, single or in few-flowered sessile clusters; pedicels
05 to ‘1 in. long, with short subulate bracts of equal length. Calyz-
lobes ovate-acuminate, covered without with numerous glands, ‘075 in.
long; tube short, about half the length of lobes. Corolla-lobes oblong-
acuminate, -125 in. long, glabrous. Stamens closely enfolded ; filaments
very short; anthers hastate, long apiculate, glandular warted behind,
‘1 in. long. Ovary rounded, pubescent; style about -04 in. long,
angular, oblique ; stigma minute, notched. Fruit a dark red berry, ‘1 in.
in diam., striate and with oblong glands.

Perak: Scortechini; Wray 4102; King’s Collector 8078. In open
forest at 3,000 to 5,000 feet.

Besides the characteristic leaves, the acuminate petals and hastate long apiculate
anthers make this species recognisable, though the leaf-venation resembles that
of L. pumila.

3. LaBisIA LONGISTYLA, King & Gamble, n. sp. An undershrub
about 2 feet high; stem thick, rusty-brown, minutely pubescent. Leaves
sessile, oblong, entire, rounded at apex and very slightly emarginate,
decurrent below in a broad wing for about + of their length; promi-
nently glandular-pitted above and with rusty glandular scales below;
7 to 12 in. long, 3 to 4 in. broad; midrib very thick, prominent, glandu-
- lar scaly ; main-nerves at right angles to midrib, extremely numerous,
straight, parallel, anastomosing towards the edge which is slightly
recurved. Inflorescence a raceme-like rusty-pubescent panicle of single
flowers or shortly peduncled few-flowered secund corymbs, 8 to 9 in.
long, the main peduncle about 4 in. ; corymb-peduncles curved, angled,
*3 to -4 in. long; bracts very short, subulate; pedicels striate, about
‘15 in. long; bracteoles minute. Calyx-lobes ovate, acute, glandular
without, tube rather shorter than lobes, together ‘06 in. long. Corolla
and stamens unknown. Ovary rounded, pubescent, crowned by 2

118 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

filiform -2 in. long style. Frwit a globose berry, with a conical top
and the remains of the style, glabrous, striate with linear-oblong
prominent glands. |

Perak: Wray 1590. Ssuancor: Curtis 3750, at 3,000 to 4,000
feet.

5. ARDISIA, Swartz.

Small trees, shrubs or semi-herbaceous undershrubs, evergreen,
generally all parts with pellucid glands which often dry black. Leaves
sessile or petiolate, membranous to coriaceous, entire crenate or
serrate. Flowers regular, pedicellate, hermaphrodite; inflorescence
various. Calyx inferior, 4-6-lobed, the lobes free or overlapping to
the right; tube very open, as long as or shorter than the lobes. Corolla
red white or spotted, often waxy in appearance, 4—6-lobed, the tube
often very short; the lobes overlapping to the right, often twisted.
Stamens equal in number to, and opposite to, the corolla-lobes, some-
times long and narrow, usually sagittate-lanceolate and apiculate,
sometimes very small, fixed to the corolla-tube by filaments usually
short and broad; generally opening by slits, occasionally by terminal
pores, in A. littoralis septate; dehiscence always introrse. Ovary
globose, sometimes narrowed into the style, more often almost
depressed; style usually filiform, rather long; stigma punctiform ;
ovules few or many, immersed in a globose placenta. fruit a globose,
rarely obovoid, berry, usually surmounted by the remains of the style,
fleshy, red or purple or black, often spotted; endocarp crustaceous ;
1-seeded. Seed solitary, large, globose, hollowed at the base ; albumen
pitted or ruminate; embryo cylindric horizontal.—Distris. 200 to 250
species, all of tropical or sub-tropical regions in both worlds, scarce
in Africa.

Leaves entire or crenate, never serrate :—
Leaves entire, or if crenate without glands in the
crenatures :—
Calyx-lobes not, or only slightly, overlapping to
the right, usually small :—
Inflorescence lateral :—
Inflorescence short-peduncled, shorter than
the leaves (I. PrmzLanpRa) :—
Leaves entire; inflorescence on wood of
current and past years :—
Leaves over 6 in. long; nerves con-

spicuous :—
Leaves nearly glabrous beneath ;
main-nerves less than 20 .. IL. A. pachysandra.

Leaves densely tomentose beneath ;
main-nerves more than 20 .. 2. A. Teysmanniana.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Leaves under 6 in. long :—
Leaves shining, nerves obscure;

flower-buds very short, rounded .. 3.

Leaves not shining, nerves con-

spicuous; flower-budslong,acuminate 4.

Leayes crenate ; inflorescence on wood of

current year 56 ong ML

Inflorescence long- pedaneled (Ee Lnosnas)
Peduncles slender, under 1 in. long, pu-
bescent ; leaves membranous
Peduncles thick, 3 to 3°5in. ae Bingraae:

leaves coriaceous. ; ae tiki

Inflorescence fonnidals —
Style exsert in the bud (III. Srynarprsra) :—
Leaves membranous ; inflorescence short,

few-flowered: be Sie aH, ek

Leaves chartaceous or coriaceous, inflor-
escence elongate, many-flowered :—
Leaves without a conspicuous intra-
marginal nerve :—
Calyx-lobes -05 in. long or under,
usually glabrous :—
Leaves coriaceous :—
Leaves not thickly scaly beneath :—
Nerves of leaves obscure, leaves

dark when dry .. 9.

Nerves of leaves sronkne at,

leaves pale when dry 3 dl

Leaves thickly scaly beneath :—
Leaves broad; main-nerves very

many, prominent, over 24 pairs 11.

Leaves narrow; main-nerves

fewer, obscure, 20 pairs ey unl:

Leaves chartaceous :—
Panicles slender, elongate ; leaves
usually small, main-nerves at

about 60° to midrib sq) 18}

Panicles rather thick, compact;
leaves generally large, main-

nerves at about 75° to midrib .. 14.

Calyx-lobes -2 in. long, ferruginous

pubescent .. so UG}

Leaves with a conspicuous mines ginal

nerve e 163

Style not exsert in ie bud ‘av. hans
DISIA) :-—
Branches of the inflorescence racemose;

buds long, slender ae aGl(

Branches of the inflorescence umbellate ;

buds short, conical ks = 18

Calyx-lobes clearly overlapping to the Sane
usually large and broad :—
Inflorescence terminal (V. Tropsis) :—

A.

. chrysophyllifolia.
. solanoides.

. fulva.

. ferruginea.

. lankawiensis.

. andamanica.

. tuberculata.

. ophirensis.

. labisiefolia.

montana.

. sinuata.

. colorata.
. crassa.

. platyclada.

. porosa.

. divergens.

119

120

Leaves under 6 in. long; panicle compact,
pedicels slender, flowers rather small; berry
globose, -2 in. in diam. °
Leaves usually over 6 in. long; panicle
spreading, pedicels stout, flowers large;
berry depressed, over '25 in. in diam.
Inflorescence lateral (VI. Trnus) :-—
Anthers septate ; leaves coriaceous, obovate,
inflorescence short .. oc
Anthers not septate :-—
Leaves usually over 6 in. long :—
Leaves 8 to 15 in. long, ie buds
25 in. long 46 ° ;
Leaves 5 to 10 in. long :—
Main-nerves at about an angle of 60°
with midrib :-—

Buds :4 in. long or more; leaves
coriaceous :—
Buds conical; calyx-lobes

rounded ; raceme glabrous

Buds rounded ; calyx-lobes emar-

ginate, raceme rusty-pubescent

Buds °3 in. long only, rounded;
leaves chartaceous
Main-nerves at only about 30° wb

the midrib; calyx-lobes emarginate
Leaves usually under 6 or even 5 in.

long :—
Leaves few-nerved; inflorescence long,
racemose a0 56 lle
Leaves many-nerved; inflorescence
short, 1-5-flowered . 28.

Anthers not known ; leaves 7 to 10 in. ee.
under 2°5 in. broad; main-nerves at an angle
of 80° with midrib in an elegant network
with secondary nerves and reticulations
Anthers not known ; leaves elliptic or elliptic-
ovate, acuminate, 4°5 to 6:5 in. long; calyx-
lobes 4; inflorescence apparently terminal. .
Anthers not known ; leaves 3 to 5 in. long,
under 1:5 in. broad, acuminate, flowers 2 ..
Anthers not known ; leaves 4 to 6 in. long,
‘7 to ‘9 in. broad, linear-lanceolate ; flowers
in peduncled axillary umbellate racemes,
about 5 to 8 .
Leaves crenate, with glands in the peeinees
(VII. Crisparpista) :—
Calyx-lobes more or less gland-dotted :—

Calyx-lobes oblong, obtuse or obtusely acute :—
Calyx-lobes lingulate, over :25 in. long,
sparsely dotted; inflorescence short; leaves
lanceolate, more or less villous. .
Calyx-lobes under ‘1 in. long, pigmanentle

. 19.
- 20.

. 21,

. 23.
24,
. 25.

26.

. 29.

30.

31.

. 33.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

A. sumatrana.

A. lanceolata.

A. litioralis.

. A. Kunstleri.

A. solanacea.
A. lurida.
A, oxyphylla.

A. Scortechinit.

A. pendula.

A. Hullettiz.

A. oblongifolia.

A. tetrasepala.

A. biflora.

. A. tahanica.

A, villosa.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 121

dotted; inflorescence long; leaves oblong,
glabrous, pale ae .. 34. A. virens.
Calyx-lobes ovate, more or less nanliee —
Inflorescence axillary, racemose or umbel-
late :—
Racemes or umbels in the axils of upper
leaves only :—
Leaves over 5 in. long, crenatures broad,
very shallow, rounded :—
Leaves membranous, pedicels slender 35. A. Wrayi.
Leaves coriaceous, pedicels thick .. 36. A. minor.
Leaves under 4 in. long, crenatures

narrow, almost dentate .. . 37. A. perakensis.
Racemes in the axils of all or nearly all
the leaves, crenatures narrow . 88. A. Meziana.

Inflorescence terminal or pseudo- ee —
Inflorescence of a single sessile, umbellate

raceme ; leaves 4 to 8 in. long .. 39. A. Ridleyt.
Inflorescence usually of panicled racemes ;
leaves 2 to 4 in. long te .. 40. A. crenata.

Calyx-lobes not gland-dotted; inflorescence ter-
minal or pseudo-terminal :-—
Branches of inflorescence short, not more than

1 in. long; leaves 2 to 4 in. long .. 41. A. rosea.
Branches of inflorescence 2 to 3 in. long;
leaves 4 to 6 in. long . 42. A. longepedunculata.

Leaves acutely and prominently ser aie aganetoneliiy
abortive (VIII. Buaputa) :—
Inflorescence long, reaching 6 to 8 in.; leaves

large, nearly or quite sessile Su .. 43. A. Maingayi.
Inflorescence short, under 2°5 in.; leaves
petioled :—

Inflorescence 1:5 to 2°5 in. long; anthers

mucronate ; leaves under 3 in. long .. 44. A. theefolia.

Inflorescence under 1°5 in. long; anthers

emarginate; leaves over 4 in. long :—
Leaves and branchlets fulvous-villous ;
flowers pink; ovary and base of style

pubescent .. 45. A. odontophylla var. Lobbii.
Leaves and inochi aia flowers
white ; ovary and base of style glabrous .. 46. A. bambusetorum.

1. ArpIsIA PACHYSANDRA, Mez Monog. Myrs. 97 fig. 14 A—E (1901).
A large shrub or small tree reaching to 40 to 50 feet high, and 6
to 10 in. diam.; branches with pale brown bark, marked with
decurrent lines below the leaves or leaf-scars ; branchlets thickly rusty-
villous at the ends. Leaves membranous ; oblong or slightly obovate,
acute at apex, cuneate at base; glabrous above, except on the midrib
which is sometimes minutely pubescent, glabrous or slightly pubescent
beneath ; entire, glands numerous near the margins; 6 to 10 in. long,
1:5 to 3 in. broad ; midrib thick, slightly impressed above ; main-nerves

122 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

14 to 20 pairs, irregular, -4 to ‘5 in. apart, starting at an angle of about
60°, then slightly arching to and along the margin; petiole 4 to ‘6 in.
long, pubescent, wrinkled, slightly channelled above. Inflorescence
of small, axillary, sessile or shortly peduncled, umbels or corymbs ;
peduncles ‘1 in. long, flowers 6 to 8; pedicels slender, pubescent, striate,
‘4 in. long; bracts minute, subulate, densely pubescent, deciduous.
Calyz-lobes ovate, rounded, pubescent, ‘2 in. long, slightly overlapping
to the right, ciliate, gland-dotted especially near the tip. Corolla-lobes
boat-shaped, broadly ovate, shortly acuminate, 3 in. long, glabrous,
white, faintly nerved, dots very few, revolute in flower; tube short.
Stamens a little shorter than corolla-lobes; anthers ovate, cuspidate-
acuminate, much gland-dotted and warted at the back on the connective ;
filaments thick. Ovary rounded, glabrous, style subulate, as long as
the anthers. Berry -2 to 4 in. in diam., globose, glabrous, pale.
Myrsine pachysandra, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II.
997; Wall. Cat. 2284; A. DC. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 111.
Pimelandra Wallichia, A. DC. in Ann. Se. Nat. 2. XVI. 88; Prod.
VIII. 106; Deless. Ic. Sel. V. 14. t. 31; Scheff. Myrs. 94; Mig. FI.
Ind. Bat. II. 1029; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 531.

Penane: Wallich 2284; Porter; Curtis 1156, 3164, 3181, 3737.
Mauacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3597 ; Maingay (K.D.) 1006. Perak: Wray
1358 ; King’s Collector 5995, 7194.—Distris. Borneo (?).

2. Arnpis1a Treysmanniana, Scheff. in Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. XXXI.
368 and in Flora 253 (1870). A large shrub or small tree; branchlets
brown, with wavy longitudinal lines passing downwards from the sides
of the bases of the petioles, lenticels numerous, innovations densely
ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves entire, chartaceous; oblong or slightly
obovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate at the apex, alternate
and sometimes abruptly rounded at base ; glabrous above, densely ferru-
ginous-tomentose beneath; glands very numerous, small, evenly dis-
tributed over the whole under surface; 6 to 11 in. long, 1:5 to
3 in. broad; midrib thick, prominent beneath; main-nerves 25 to 30
pairs, ‘3 to ‘4 in. apart, starting at an angle of 60°, at first straight,
then curving to meet in the margin in a looped nerve, raised beneath
as are the few secondary nerves and the many oblique reticulations ;
petiole very thick, ‘5 to ‘6 in. long, usually bordered by the decurrent
margins of the blade which are again revolute. Inflorescence of
axillary pedunculate umbels or corymbs; peduncles in flower -1 to
‘2 in. long, in fruit sometimes up to ‘5 in., 4-5-flowered; pedicels
slender, *4 in. long, densely rusty-pubescent, striate ; bracteoles
linear-subulate, deciduous. Calyx-lobes ovate, rounded, pubescent,
‘1 in. long, ciliate. Corolla-lobes ovate-acuminaie, ‘2 in. long, softly

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 123

pubescent, glands inconspicuous, tube very short. Stamens nearly
as long as corolla-lobes; anthers ovate, cuspidate-acuminate, concave
and warted on the connective at the back, 175 in. long; filaments
slender, ‘05 in. long, glabrous. Ovary rounded, glabrous ; style slender,
subulate, as long as stamens. Berry globose, slightly depressed, °3 in.
in diam., black-gland-dotted, faintly ribbed. Mez in Monog. Myys.
97. Pimelandra Teysmanmana, Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen.
Pl. IT. 64. Pimelandra Wallichw var. Teysmanmana, Clarke in Hook.
fen Bre ind: Ll. 531.

Manacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1007. Stneapore: Cantley; Ridley
2800, 5573, 6788.—Distris. Bangka.

This species is easily distinguished from the former by having many more and
much closer nerves to the leaves, and by the dense rusty tomentum.

3. ARDISIA CHRYSOPHYLLIFoLIA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree,
branchlets reddish-brown, innovations densely ferruginous-pubescent.
Leaves entire, coriaceous; oblong-lanceolate, obtusely acute at apex,
narrowed at base; glabrous on both surfaces; glands scattered, visible
on the under surface; 4 to 6 in. long, ‘75 to 1:25 in. broad; midrib
thick, prominent; main-nerves many, more or less parallel, incon-
spicuous, meeting, with the secondary nerves, in a wavy intramarginal
nerve, reticulations fine; petiole -4 to ‘5 in. long, glabrous, channelled
above and edged by the decurrent margin of the blade. Inflorescence
of small, axillary, sessile or shortly peduncled, umbels of up to about
12 flowers; pedicels slender, °2 in. long, ferruginous-pubescent ; bracts
minute, triangular; buds very short, rounded. Calyxz-lobes 5, ovate,
minutely ciliate, pubescent and scaly outside, dotted with many con-
spicuous golden glands, :05 in. long, tube a little shorter. Corolla-lobes
ovate, concave, sparsely glandular, glabrous, -08 in. long; tube none
or very short. Stamens a little shorter than the corolla-lobes; anthers
ovate acuminate, black-gland-dotted behind ; filaments short. Ovary
rounded, glabrous ; style subulate, ‘05 in. long. Berry globose, some-
what depressed, covered with round and elongate glands, -15 in. in
diam.

Perak: at Lower Camp, Gunong Pateh, 3,400 feet, Wray 483,
1118, 1182.

4, ARDISIA SOLANOIDES, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small shrub,
3 to 4 feet high; branches slender, smooth, dark brown; branchlets
glandular-hirsute, marked by obscure raised lines from the sides of the
bases of the petioles. Leaves entire, membranous; elliptic, bluntly long
caudate-acuminate at apex, attenuate at base; glabrous above, more
or less glandular-hirsute beneath; glandular dots many, scattered,
prominent; 2°5 to 3°5 in. long, -75 to 1:25 in. broad; midrib slender,

124 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

raised beneath ; main-nerves 8 to 9 pairs, raised, at an angle of 60° with
the midrib, the-lowest pair more oblique, nearly straight, meeting at
about two-thirds of the way to the margin in a looped intramarginal
raised nerve, reticulations obscure; petiole -15 in. long, bordered by
the decurrent margins of the blade. Inflorescence of sessile, axillary,
umbellate, nearly glabrous racemes of about 4 to 6 flowers, racemes
hardly -1 in. long; bracteoles oblong-lanceolate, gland-dotted, -1 in.
long ; pedicels slender, 3 to -4 in. long, slightly clavate ; buds conical,
acuminate, *3 in. long; flowers white with a blueish tinge. Calyx-lobes
4 to 5, very short, rounded, scarious and ciliate on the margins, gland-
dotted. Corolla-lobes ovate below, caudate-acuminate above, twisted
and reflexed in flower, 3 in. long, sparsely pale-glandular-punctate.
Stamens nearly as long as corolla-lobes, lanceolate, membranous at
tip, with two lines of glandular dots on the back of the connective.
Ovary rounded; style very slender, as long as stamens. Berry bright
red, glossy, -25 in. in diam. when dry.

PERAK: in dense jungle on rich soil, at 500 to 800 feet, King’s
Collector 4254.

This species very closely resembles Antistrophe caudata, but is at once distinguished
by the fact of the corolla-lobes overlapping to the right instead of to the left. The
flowers somewhat resemble those of Ardisia porosa.

5. ARDISIA FULVA, King & Gamble, n. sp. Apparently a shrub;
branchlets rather thick, usually marked by raised lines descending
from the bases of the leaves; innovations densely tawny-villous; leaf-
buds lanceolate, densely pubescent. Leaves coriaceous ; elliptic-oblong
_ or elliptic-lanceolate, shortly acuminate at apex, somewhat rounded
at base; glabrous or slightly scaly above, thickly tawny - villous
beneath; glandular dots few, scattered, obscure, in the areoles of the
minor nerves; crenate, especially in the upper two-thirds; 4 to 7 in.
long, 1 to 2 in. broad; midrib slender ; main-nerves 20 to 24 pairs,
irregular, arching upwards and joining in an intramarginal nerve ;
secondary nerves slender, faint, reticulations curved; petiole -4 to ‘6 in.
long, winged by the decurrent edges of the blade. Inflorescence of short
1 to 1:5 in. long, densely tawny-pubescent, drooping, corymbs in the axils
of tawny, leaf-like, often nearly 1 in. long, bracts from the young branches
below the end leaves; peduncles about ‘7 in. long, slender, pedicels —
slender, up to ‘5 in. long; bracteoles subulate, short, tawny; buds ovate,
‘2 to 25 in. long. Calyx-lobes ovate, thin, villous without, ciliate, -1 to
‘15 in. long, marked with prominent black dots, recurved in flower ; tube
short. Corolla-lobes obovate, obtuse, ‘2 to *25 in. long, oblique, unequal,
marked by prominent round or oblong black dots, tube short. Stamens

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 125

a little shorter than the corolla-lobes, acuminate, with 2 rows of
prominent black dots behind the anthers; filaments short. Ovary
ovoid, surmounted by a short, ‘1 in. long, subulate style, glabrous. Berry
*2 in. in diam., black when dry, ribbed.

Kepax: on Langkawi Island, Curtis 2133. Punane: Ridley 10216.
Perak: Ridley 8269.

6. ARDISIA FERRUGINEA, Mez Monog. Myvs. 108 (1901). A shrub (?) ;
branchlets slender, densely ferruginous-tomentose. Leaves mem-
branous; linear- or oblong-lanceolate, bluntly acute at apex, rounded
at base; glabrous or slightly rusty-scaly above, rusty - pubescent
beneath ; entire; glands not apparent; 3 to 4°5 in. long, 75 to 1 in.
broad; midrib slender, nerves very faint; petiole -1 to ‘2 in. long,
rusty-pubescent. Stipules small, linear-falcate. Flowers in densely
ferruginous-pubescent, bipinnate panicles in the axils of upper leaves ;
peduncles ‘5 to ‘75 in. long; bracts linear subulate about -15 in. ; pedicels
slender, -1 to -2 in. long; bracteoles minute ; buds conical. Calyx-lobes
ovate, obtuse, ciliate, connate to rather over one-third, with wavy
glandular dots. Corolla-lobes shortly connate at the base, broadly and
obliquely ovate, short acuminate, gland-dotted. Stamens a little shorter
than the corolla-lobes ; anthers large, ovate, gradually acute, scarcely
punctate ; filaments very short. Ovary ovoid, glabrous, style slender.

JoHORE: at Kampong Sunpai, Lake & Kelsall (Ridley 4032).

This species does not seem to differ very much from 4. Miqueliana, Scheff. in Tijdsch.
Ned. Ind. XXXI. 367, in respect to leaves, but that species has terminal and not axillary
flowers.

7. ARDISIA LANKAWIENSIS, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree; branchlets
smooth, glabrous, obscurely striate, with raised lines from the edges of
the bases of the leaf-petioles. Leaves coriaceous; elliptic or elliptic-
lanceolate, acuminate at apex, acute at base, glabrous; entire; glandular
dots frequent near the margins; 3°5 to 5 in. long, 1:25 to 1°5 in. broad;
midrib slender ; main-nerves obscure, about 12 to 14 pairs, anastomosing
near the margin, secondary nerves and reticulations similar; petiole
‘5 to 6 in. long, channelled above by the decurrent margins of the blade.
Flowers pink, in long-peduncled, closely congested racemes in the axils
of the uppermost leaves; peduncles 3 to 3°5 in. long, flattened, glabrous ;
pedicels ‘5 to ‘7 in. long, striate, slender ; bracteoles minute, caducous.
Calyz-lobes ovate, acute, ciliate, with many glands on the back, :075 in.
long. Corolla-lobes ovate, acuminate, much gland-dotted, -25 to °3 in.
long. Stamens a little shorter than the corolla-lobes, ovate-lanceolate,
mucronate, dehiscing on the margins but more widely near the top.
Ovary rounded, obscurely 5-lobed; style -2 in. long, twisted and

10

126 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

wrinkled. frwit a depressed, obscurely 5-angled berry, °2 in. in diam.,
pericarp very smooth inside.

Kepa#: on Lankawi Island, Rzdley 8313.

8. ARDISIA ANDAMANICA, Kurz For. Fl. II. 108 (1877) and in Journ. As.
Soc. Beng. XLVI. 11. 225. A small or medium-sized evergreen shrub
reaching 15 feet high and 2 in. in diam.; branches slender with reddish-
brown bark, striate when dry, branchlets glabrous. Leaves entire, mem-
branous; oblong lanceolate, narrowly long acuminate at apex, cuneate
at base ; glabrous on both surfaces but with many scattered glandular
dots and occasional peltate scales; 3 to 6 in. long, -75 to 1 -75 in. broad;
midrib slender; main-nerves about 20 pairs, very thin and inconspicuous,
at about 60° with the midrib, at first straight then arching upwards
to and along the margin; petiole -3 to ‘5 in. long, channelled above.
Inflorescence a loose terminal panicle 2 to 3 in. long, with few slender
umbel-like racemes on °3 to ‘d in. long, squarrose peduncles; pedicels
slender, °3 in.; bracteoles small, ovate, deciduous. Calyx-lobes acute,
triangular, ‘05 in. long, minutely ciliate at the edges, dotted with black
glands; tube rather shorter than lobes. Corolla-lobes ovate, acute,
‘15 in. long, glabrous, with Imconspicuous nerves and few scattered
round or oblong glands. Stamens a little shorter than corolla-lobes;
anthers ovate, apiculate, -1 in. long, glabrous on the back or with few
black glands ; filaments ‘05 in. Ovary rounded, glabrous; style filiform,
long exsert, ‘15 in. long. Berry round or slightly pyriform, smooth,
*3in.in diam. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 521; Mez Monog.
Myrs. 110. <Ardisia nerwifolia, A. DC. Prod. VIII. 127 wm part (not of
Wall.), Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. t. 8 (fig. only).

Mauacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3570; Hullett 830; Stoliczka. PERAK:
Fiidley 9718; Wray 867, 948, 971, 1033; King’s Collector 5692, 8064.
JoHorRE: firdley 3717.—Distris. Andamans, Mergui.

9. ARDISIA TUBERCULATA, Wall. Cat. 2274 (1829). A shrub, reaching
10 feet in height; branchlets smooth, stout, reddish, uppermost flattened,
glabrous. Leaves entire, coriaceous ; elliptic, bluntly acuminate at apex,
attenuate or rounded at the base; glabrous and shining above,
covered beneath with rather deciduous peltate scales, dark when dry ;
3 to 6 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad ; midrib prominent ; main-nerves obscure,
about 15 pairs, starting at an angle of about 75° from the midrib, then
arched upwards to and along the margin; secondary nerves more slender,
reticulations obscure; petiole °3 to ‘d in. long, thick, rough, winged by
the decurrent margins of the blade. Inflorescence a lax, leafy, terminal ,
tripinnate, 3 to 6 in. long, panicle; rachis flexuous, flattened, often
scaly; primary peduncles squarrose, ‘6 to 1 in. long, supported
by ovate acuminate leafy bracts; secondary peduncles also squarrose,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 127

*3 to ‘5 in. long with subulate bracts; ultimate racemes umbellate,
6-8-flowered ; pedicels slender, short, -1 to -15 in. long; bracteoles
subulate; buds ovoid, obtuse, glabrous. Calyz-lobes ovate, acute or
rounded, °05 in. long; margin ciliate, dotted with black glands. Corolla-
lobes broadly ovate, blunt, glabrous, ‘1 in. long, with very few dots; tube
very short. Stamens a little shorter than the corolla-lobes; anthers
acute, but gland-dotted behind; filaments minute, broad. Ovary globose;
style subulate, longer than the petals. Berry obovoid, smooth, -15 to
9im.in diam. A. DC.in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 119, Prod. VIII.
130; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 1026; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. ITT.
521, except var.; Mez Monog. Myrs. 112, fig. 16. A chrysophylloides,
Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 574.

Penane: Wallich 2274. Mautacca: Derry 394. Panane: Ridley
1071. Jouore: Ridley 6438. Sineapore: Griffith (K.D.) 3564;
Maingay (K.D.) 1014; Ridley 2817, 8916, 1916(4)—Disrris. Bangka
Teysmann.

10. ARDISIA OPHIRENSIS, Mez Monog. Myrs. 113 (1901). A shrub (?) ;
branchlets pale brown, flattened, smooth; innovations minutely
ferruginous-scaly. Leaves coriaceous; elliptic, shortly acuminate at
apex, rounded or somewhat acute at base; pale and somewhat shining
on both surfaces, the under covered with minute brown peltate scales ;
glands scattered, numerous; 3 to 6 in. long, 1°75 to 2-25 in. broad ;
midrib thick, prominent; main-nerves prominent, raised on both surfaces,
10 to 12 pairs, starting at an angle of about 75° with the midrib, at first
straight then curving upwards to meet some way from the margin in a
prominent network; secondary nerves prominent, reticulations trans-
verse ; petiole 4 to -5 in. long, thick, bordered above by the decurrent
margins of the blade. Inflorescence a terminal, leafy, angular, tripinnate
panicle, about 3 to 4 in. long; rachis flexuous, flattened, scaly; peduncles
squarrose, about 1 in. long, supported by ovate-oblong, reflexed, leafy
bracts; pedicels -3 in. long, slender, in fruit very spreading. Calyx-lobes
ovate, acute, ‘05 in. long, back dotted with prominent large glands.
Corolla-lobes elliptic-ovate, rather oblique, shortly connate, nervose ;
glands few, near the apex, black. Stamens rather shorter than the
corolla-lobes ; anthers ovate, large, not glandular, apiculate ;. filaments
short, slender. Ovary ovoid, glabrous; style long, subulate, exsert.
Berry black when dry, ‘15 in. in diam., with prominent glands. 4d.
tuberculata var. ophirensis, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 522.

- Manacca: Hullett 754 ; Ridley 621; Miller 9. On the top of Mount
Ophir.

11. ARDISIA LABISImFOLIA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small tree ;

branchlets thick, slightly flattened, smooth, glabrous below, lepidote-

128 Flora of the Malayan Penmnsula.

scaly above. Leaves coriaceous; elliptic or elliptic-oblong, shortly and
rather abruptly acuminate at apex, rounded at base; glabrous above
when old, when young densely covered, as is the under-surface always,
with rather large reddish-brown peltate scales, margins recurved ; 6 to
8 in. long, 2 to 4 in. broad; midrib thick, prominent, impressed above ;
main-nerves 24 to 30 pairs, irregularly spaced, at first parallel, leaving
the midrib nearly at right angles, then near the margin curving upwards
to and along the margin and anastomosing with the prominent secondary
nerves which resemble the main ones; reticulations prominent in an
elegant network, all more or less raised above when dry; petiole
-5 to 8 in. long, thick, bordered above by the decurrent margins of the
blade. Inflorescence a pyramidal, rusty-scaly, bracteate, tripinnate
panicle, up to 6 in. long, the branches bearing sub-umbellate, pedun-
culate clusters of small flowers; rachis somewhat flattened, rusty-
scaly; bracts leafy spathulate; bracteoles minute, ovate; pedicels
‘1 to ‘2 in. long, reflexed. Calyz-lobes ovate, -06 in. long, ciliate, scaly
and glandular-dotted ; tube one-third of lobes. Corolla-lobes deep pink,
ovate-acute, ‘14 in. long, with a very few black glands. Stamens nearly
as long as corolla-lobes; anthers ovate, acute, -1 in. long, apiculate ;
filaments rather thick, -3 to -4 in. long, minutely pubescent. Ovary
rounded, glabrous ; style slender, exsert. Berry globose, often depressed
at top, ‘15 to °2 in. in diam., black when dry.

PERAK: Wray 320, 1566; Scortechim. Hilltops at 6,500 to 7,000 feet.

12. ArpisiA mMonTANA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A shrub reaching
4 to 6 feet in height; branchlets brown, somewhat angular, uppermost
covered with a nearly furfuraceous glandular tomentum. Leaves
coriaceous ; elliptic-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, obtusely acuminate at
apex, rounded or attenuate at base; scaly above, densely ferruginous-
hairy and scaly beneath, scales stellate; glandular dots scattered,
obscure; margins slightly recurved; 4 to 6 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad ;
midrib prominent, impressed above; main-nerves 20 pairs, obscure,
irregular, starting nearly at right angles to the midrib and curving
upwards to and along the margin; secondary nerves many, reticulations
obscure; petiole ‘5 in. long, channelled above by the decurrent margins
of the blade, densely scaly and ferruginous-pubescent. Inflorescence a
rather lax, terminal, pyramidal, bi-tri-pinnate, leafy panicle, up to 6 in.
long in fruit, shorter in flower, the branches bearing sub-umbellate
pedunculate clusters of minute flowers; rachis somewhat flattened,
furfuraceous-scaly ; branches squarrose; peduncles ‘5 to ‘7 in. long;
umbel-peduncles ‘d in. long; pedicels ‘2 in. long, often reflexed ; bracts
leafy, deciduous ; bracteoles ovate, very small. Calyx-lobes ovate-acute,
under ‘05 in. long, margins scarious ciliate, dotted with large glands.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 129

Corolla-lobes slightly longer than calyx-lobes, ovate, glabrous, gland-
dotted. Stamens as long as corolla-lobes; anthers ovate, apiculate ;
filaments extremely short. Ovary rounded, glabrous; style subulate,
rather thick, scarcely exsert. Berry red, globose, ‘15 in. in diam.,
gland-dotted when dry.

Perak: Wray 327, 3869; Scortechina 296; King’s Collector 8029.
Rocks and hilltops at 3,000 to 7,000 feet.

13. ARDISIA SINUATA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A shrub or small tree,
reaching a height of 10 to 15 feet and a diam. of stem of 2 to 3 in.;
branchlets pale brown, sinuate, compressed, with raised lines joining
the sides of the bases of the petioles, minutely scaly-pubescent or nearly
glabrous. Leaves chartaceous ; elliptic-oblong, acute or shortly acumi-
nate at apex, rounded or attenuate at base; glabrous above, minutely
scaly beneath when young, afterwards glabrate; glandular dots few,
scattered ; 3 to 6 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad; midrib slender ; main-nerves
10 to 12 pairs, 3 to -4 in. apart, starting from the midrib at an angle of 60°
and at once curving upwards to and along the margin ; secondary nerves
and reticulations faint; petiole -3 to -4 in. long, channelled above by the
decurrent margins of the blade. Inflorescence a lax, terminal, bracteate,
nearly glabrous, bi-tri-pinnate panicle 5 to 7 in. long, the branches.
bearing subumbellate clusters of small flowers; rachis flat, sinuate ;
bracts leafy, uppermost lanceolate recurved, ‘5 to 1 in. long; bracteoles
minute, ovate; pedicels slender, ‘1 in, long. Calyz-lobes triangular-
ovate, glabrous, ciliate, gland-dotted, -04 in. long. Corolla-lobes pale
green or pink, ovate, acute; margins transparent. Stamens nearly as.
long as corolla-lobes; anthers broadly ovate, shortly apiculate; filaments.
very short. Ovary rounded, glabrous; style slender, exsert, ‘1 to ‘15 in.
long. Berry globose, ‘15 in. in diam., obscurely striate and black
when dry.

PERAK: Wray 2408, 3023 ; King’s Collector 4599.

14. ARpISIA coLORATA, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 16 (1814), Fl. Ind. I. 581,.
and Fl. Ind. Hd. Carey and Wall. II. 271. A large shrub or small tree,
reaching 25 feet in height and a girth of 1 foot; branchlets compressed,
-pale brown, more or less lepidote-scaly, furnished with somewhat
zigzag raised lines proceeding downwards from the sides of the bases
of the petioles. Leaves chartaceous ; oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceo-
late, acute or shortly acuminate at apex, cuneate at base; glabrous on
both surfaces, entire; glandular dots many, irregularly scattered, chiefly
visible on the upper surface; 5 to 10 in. long, 1:5 to 3 in. broad ; midrib.
prominent beneath, impressed above; main-nerves 20 to 30, also
prominently raised beneath and impressed above, usually -3 to °4 in.
apart, starting at an angle of 70° to 75° with the midrib, at first straight.

130 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

then arched upwards to and along the margin; secondary nerves
many, slender, 1 to 2 between each pair of main-nerves, reticulations
oblique; petiole rather thick, ‘5 to ‘8 in. long, channelled above, winged
by the decurrent margins of the blade. Inflorescence a pyramidal
terminal panicle, 4 to 12 in. long, tripinnate, ferruginous scaly, bearing
clustered umbellate racemes of flowers ; rachis much flattened, as are
its branch peduncles; primary branches 2 to Gin. long, peduncle °‘d in.,
bracts caducous; secondary branches ‘5 to 1 in. long, peduncles -2 to
“4 in., bracteoles small, ovate-acuminate; pedicels slender. -1 to °2 in.
long; umbels many-flowered. Calyx-lobes ovate, bluntly acute, -05 to
-08 in. long, densely gland-dotted, margins scarious and ciliate; tube
rather shorter than lobes. Corolla-lobes pink, ovate-acute, oblique,
unequal, about -15 in. long, not gland-dotted; tube very short. Stamens
a little shorter than corolla-lobes; anthers sagittate, acuminate; filaments
very short. Ovary ovoid, glabrous; style thick, -2 in. long. Berry
globose, ‘2 to ‘25 in. in diam., deep red to black, obscurely ribbed when
dry, shining. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 520; Mez Monog.
Myrs. 113. A. pyramidalis, Roth Nov. Pl. Sp. 123 (not of Cav.). A.
Rothu, A. DC. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 117, Prod. VIL. 126.
A. anceps, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. l.c. 280, and Cat. 2261; DC. Prod. 1.c.;
Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. II. 224, and For. Fl. Il. 107;
Scheff. Myrs. 77. A. zolycarpa, Wall. Cat. 2285. A. grandiflora, Wall.
Cat. 2272.

Kepag: Ridley 5509. Perak: Scortechins 20, 203, 397, 1505,
1568; King’s Collector 798, 1301, 3099, 3284, 3567, 6473, 6823, 7741,
8252, 10866; Ridley 5508. Province WeuuesntEy: Fidley 6945.
SELANGOR: Ludley 7559; Goodenough 10551. Matacca: Maingay
(K.D.) 1008; Goodenough 1762; Derry 553, 915, 1075; Ridley 1245,
1581, 2817.—Distris. India, Burma, Malay Islands.

Var. polyneura, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 520. Leaves
paler when dry than in the typical form; wide, reaching 4:5 in, in
width, sometimes reaching 15 in. in length; more usually elliptic,
oblong or obovate, more rounded at base; all nerves more prominent.
Pamiecle wide at the base; pedicels much reflexed ; rachis very much
flattened. A. polynewra, Miq. in Pl. Jungh. I. 198, and Fl. Ind. Bat.
IT. 1022; Scheff. Myrs. 81.

Perak: Lidley 3000; Scortechins 1290, 1412; Wray 16438, 1950,
2810; King’s Collector 527, 2152, 2197, 2629, 3648, 3655, 3657, 4119,
4751, 6922, 8640. Manacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3568.—Distris. Java.

Var. complanata, Clarke le. Panicles smaller, rusty-pubescent ;
flowers and berries smaller; panicle, rachis, and branches much
flattened. Leaves usually narrower and smaller, rarely over 7 in. long

Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula. 131

and 2°75 in. broad. A. complanata, Wall. Cat. 2277; Wall. in Roxb. FI.
Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 210; DC. Prod. VIII. 126; Scheff. Myrs.
78 ; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 1024. A. sangwnolenta, Bl. Bijdr. 685 (not of
Wall.). A. Zollingert, DC. Prod. VIII. 670.

Prenane: Wallich 2277; Curtis 1052, 22494. Prrax: Wray 2896,
3929; Scortechint 144, 112; King’s Collector 7680.—Distris. Chitta-
gong, Java, Sumatra.

Var. salicifolia, King & Gamble. Leaves lanceolate, 5 to 7 in. long,
1 to 1:5 in. broad, glabrous, obscurely gland-dotted ; main-nerves not
prominent. Panicles spreading, leafy ; rachis zigzag, much flattened ;
bracteoles persistent.

Prerak: Wray 2960; King’s Collector 3216, 6816, 8563. Manacca:
Hervey.

Var. elliptica, King & Gamble. Leaves elliptic or elliptic-obovate,
acuminate at apex, cuneate at base, glabrous; 4°5 to 8 in. long, 2 to 3 in.
broad; main-nerves fewer, 15 to 20 pairs, less prominent. Panicles
rather short and stout, 4 to 6 in. long, pyramidal, rachis less flattened,
searcely zigzag.

Perak: Wray 3293; King’s Collector 3326, 3453, 5057, 6473, 6624,
6820, 8856.

15. Arpista crassa, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 518 (1882).
A small tree; branches pale brown, rounded, stout; branchlets somewhat
flattened above and with raised lines from below the base of the petioles.
Leaves coriaceous ; oblong, acute or slightly blunt-acuminate above,
cuneate at base; glabrous and shining above, rufescent and with
inconspicuous rounded scales beneath; entire; 4 to 9 in. long, 1°5 to

_2°5 in. broad; midrib prominent beneath ; main-nerves nearly regular at
first, nearly at right angles to midrib, afterwards arching upwards and
round parallel to the edge, 20 to 27 pairs, secondary obscure. In-
jlorescence a terminal rusty-pubescent panicle, 5 to 6 in. long, with
remote branches ending in closely packed umbels; rachis thick, much
flattened, flexuose; branches first at right angles, then curved, ‘5 to ‘8 in.
long; pedicels very short, thick; bracteoles ovate, blunt, about -1 in.
long. Calyx-lobes thick, ovate-orbicular, :2 in. long, minutely ferruginous-
pubescent, overlapping to right; tube about half the length of the lobes.
Corolla-lobes broadly ovate, unequal, obliquely and shortly acute,
°15 in. long. Stamens shorter than corolla-lobes; anthers ovate, acute;
filaments very short, broad at base. Ovary rounded, glabrous; style
short, about -1 in. long, subulate. Berry globose, depressed, not striate,
*25in. in diam. Mez Monog. Myrs. 114.

Manacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1015; Goodenough 1808.—DisTRIR.
Borneo.

132 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

16. ARDISIA PLATYCLADA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small tree or
shrub reaching 10 to 15 feet in height; branchlets pale brown, pro-
minently marked by zigzag raised lines joining the sides of the bases of
the petioles ; uppermost ones prominently flattened and covered with
rusty furfuraceous scales, as are also the young leaves. Leaves charta-
ceous ; oblong or elliptic-oblong, abruptly acuminate at apex, attenuate
and somewhat rounded at base; both surfaces covered when young with
rusty stellate scales, glabrescent when old ; margins undulate, recurved ;
4 to 6 in. long, 1:5 to 2 in. broad; midrib slender but prominent
beneath, impressed above ; main-nerves 14 to 18 pairs, ‘3 to ‘4 in. apart,
rather irregularly parallel, leaving the midrib at an angle of about 65°
and joining at ‘1 to -2 in. from the margin in a very prominent intra-
marginal looped nerve; secondary nerves and reticulations obscure ;
petiole none or very short, rarely -2 in. long, rugose, rusty-scaly, and
bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade. Inflorescence a terminal,
compact, bracteate, rusty-scaly, pyramidal, bi-tri-pinnate panicle, 4 to
d in. long, the flowers in dense subumbellate clusters on the branches ;
rachis flattened, flexuose; bracts foliaceous, spathulate or oblong-
lanceolate, ‘5 to 1°5 in. long; bracteoles small, triangular-subulate ;
pedicels glabrous, cernuous, about ‘1 in. long; buds very small, conical.
Calyxz-lobes pink, lanceolate, ‘04 in. long, ciliate, obscurely red-gland-
dotted; tube as long as or rather shorter than the lobes. Corolla-lobes
waxy-white, ovate-acuminate, ‘07 in. long, slightly gland-dotted; tube
very short. Stamens shorter than corolla-lobes; anthers ovate, apiculate ;
filaments very short. Ovary rounded, minutely pubescent at top ; style
straight, "15 in. long, exsert. Berry globose, *15 to ‘2 in. in diam.,
glandular-rugose, dark blue, black when dry.

PERAK: Scortechint 232; King’s Collector 824, 4569, 5863, 8136,
10140 ; usually in dense mixed forest.

A. pterocaulis, Miq.; Mez Monog. Myrs, 111, a tree of the forests of the Sumatran
mountains, much resembles this at first sight, but the leaves are bigger, the flower
panicles much larger and more open, with shorter pedicels, and the nerves of the
leaves do not meet in a prominent looped intramarginal nerve. (Forbes 1992 in Herb.
Calc.)

17. ArpisiaA porosa, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 522 (1882).
A shrub, reaching 8 feet in height; branches flexuose, almost zigzag,
winged by lines decurrent from the bases of the leaf-petioles. Leaves
chartaceous; oblong, acute at apex, cuneate at base or sometimes
rounded-acute ; glabrous, pale beneath ; entire, margin often recurved ;
glands small and obscure; 5 to 9 in. long, 1:5 to 2-5 in. broad; midrib
rather slender, prominent beneath; main-nerves obscure, irregular, about

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 133

20 to 25 pairs; secondary faint, all arching upwards into an irregular
intramarginal ring and reticulate ; petiole 4 in. long, narrowly winged
by the decurrent blade. Injlorescence a loose terminal few-flowered
panicle up to 6 in. long; rachis flexuous; branches racemose, at right
angles to rachis; peduncles 1 to 1:5 in. long, curving upwards;
pedicels ‘5 to ‘7 in. long, slender, curved upwards; bracteoles minute,
ovate, deciduous; flowers 3-5-, usually 4-merous; buds slender.
Calyz-lobes ovate, ‘04 in. long, obscurely dotted; tube short. Corolla-
lobes ovate-lanceolate, pink, -3 in. long by ‘1 in. broad, recurved in
flower, not dotted but striate. Stamens as long as corolla-lobes ;
anthers very slender, opening by terminal pores as well as longitu-
dinally; filaments very short, thick. Ovary conical, gradually passing
into a slender style -25 in. long. Berry globose, -25 in. in diam., ribbed,
glossy black when ripe. Koord. & Val. Bijdr. V. 260; Mez Monog.
Myrs. 118.

Perak: Scortechini 116, 1511; King’s Collector 3108. Mauacca :
Griffith (K.D.) 3578; Maingay (K.D.) 1012; Wray 39; Goodenough
1528; Hervey. —

18. ARDISIA DIVERGENS, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 85 (1814), Fl. Ind. I. 583,
and Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 275. A small tree, reaching 20 feet
in height; branchlets slender, smooth, rounded. Leaves chartaceous ;
elliptic or lanceolate, shortly acuminate at apex, rounded at base,
drying reddish-brown; glabrous on both surfaces; entire, margins
slightly incurved; glandular dots large, prominent, especially near the
margin; 3 to 5 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad; midrib prominent beneath ;
primary nerves 8 to 12 pairs, irregular, arched and joining in an intra-
marginal prominent nerve with a smaller, less prominent nerve near the
edge ; secondary nerves few, slender, reticulate; petiole -15 to °3 in:
long, winged by the decurrent blade. Inflorescence a loose terminal
rusty-pubescent panicle, 2 to 3 in. long, ultimate branches umbelled,
3-5-flowered; main peduncle ‘5 to 1 in. long, secondary peduncles
about ‘5 in. with lanceolate leafy recurved bracts ; pedicels about ‘4 in.
long, thickened above, glandular; bracteoles ovate, deciduous ; flowers
red, buds short, conical. Calyx-lobes rounded, ‘05 in. in diam., ciliate,
conspicuously dotted with few large, transparent, light brown glands;
tube short. Corolla-lobes ovate, acute, 15 to -2 in. long, unequal in
size, and oblique; tube very short, dots very few. Stamens a little
shorter than the corolla-lobes; anthers large, ovate-acute; filaments
very short. Ovary ovoid, glabrous, attenuated into a -1 in. long style.
Berry round, smooth, somewhat depressed, tipped by the persistent
style. Wall. Cat. 2269; A. DC. Prod. VIII. 130; Clarke in Hook. f.
Fl. Br. Ind. III. 521; Mez Monog. Myrs. 117. A. punctata, Jack ;

134 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 275 (not of Lindl.). A. punctulosa,
D. Dietr. Syn. Pl. I. 615; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 1025.

Prenane : Jack; Wallich 2269 ; Maingay (K.D.) 1020; Curtis 1769.

19. AnpisIA suMATRANA, Miq. Pl. Jungh. I. 195 (1853), Fl. Ind.
Bat. IT. 1018, and Suppl. 247. A large shrub or small tree, reaching 15 to
20 feet in height and 3 to 4 in. in diam. of stem; branches pale brown,
smooth; branchlets minutely ferruginous-scaly. Leaves chartaceous ;
elliptic-oblong or -obovate, rather suddenly acute at apex, acute or cuneate
at base; entire, glabrous; glands large, frequent near the margin; 3 to 6
in. long, 1:5 to 2°5 in. broad; midrib slender, prominent beneath, im-
pressed above; main-nerves 12 to 15 pairs, irregularly spaced, starting
at an angle of about 50° with the midrib, curving upwards to and along
the margin ; secondary nerves and innovations indistinct ; petiole -3 to
‘5 in. long, bordered above by the decurrent, often erose, margins of
the blade. Inflorescence a compact, shortly pyramidal, 3 to 4 in. long,
squarrosely bipinnate panicle ; common peduncle none or scarcely ‘5 in.
long; bracts minute, triangular; branch peduncles ‘7 to 1 in. long,
minutely ferruginous-scaly as is the rachis; pedicels -2 to ‘3 in. long,
slender; buds ovoid, conical; flowers waxy-white, pedicels and rachis
pink. Calyzx-lobes orbicular, ‘1 in broad, ciliate, with scarious margins,
much overlapping; glandular dots very few, scattered. Corolla-lobes
shortly connate, ovate, acute, much twisted, 15 in. long ; margins thin,
denticulate; glands few, large and brown. Stamens about two-thirds
the length of the corolla-lobes; anthers ovate-acute, -1 in. long, a few
large black glands on the back. Ovary ovoid, glabrous; style subulate,
15 in. long. Berry bright red at first afterwards black, globcse, shining,
‘2 in. in diam., smooth, faintly striate. Scheff. Myrs. 84; Koord. &
Val. Bijdr. V. 268; Mez Monog. Myrs. 121.

Perak: King’s Collector 771, 5639, 10836.—Disrris. Sumatra,
Beccarit 325, 724; Forbes 2083 &c.; Java.

20. ARDISIA LANCEOLATA, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 85 (1814), Fl. Ind. I. 583,
and Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 275. A large glabrous shrub or small
tree, reaching 15 to 25 feet in height; branches cylindric, pale, smooth ;
branchlets sometimes fugaciously ferruginous-scaly. Leaves coriaceous;
elliptic-oblong or -obovate, shortly acuminate at apex, long-cuneate
at base; entire or sometimes slightly crenate near the apex; glabrous
on both surfaces; glandular dots large scattered, more numerous near ©
the margins; 6 to 11 in. long, 2 to 3°5 in. broad; midrib prominent
beneath, impressed above; main-nerves 12 to 15 pairs, oblique, starting at
an angle of about 50° with the midrib, and at first more or less parallel,
then arching upwards to join in an irregular intramarginal nerve;
secondary nerves similar but shorter, reticulations scarcely prominent,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 135

irregular ; petiole ‘5 to -7 in. long, winged by the decurrent blade, the
wings overlapping. Inflorescence a spreading, terminal or sometimes
sub-axillary, panicle, 4 to 6 in. long; rachis flexuose, angular or
flattened ; branches stout, flattened, swollen at base, bearing corymbose
racemes of about 7-8 flowers; pedicels ‘6 to 1 in. long, stout, narrowly
clavate, striate, minutely ferruginous-pubescent; bracteoles small,
obtuse, deciduous. Calyz-lobes orbicular, ‘2 in. in diam., enlarged and
spreading in fruit, glabrous or slightly pubescent; margins scarious
and fimbriate-ciliate, base thickened; glandular dots many, prominent ;
tube short. Corolla ovate acuminate, pink, much twisted in bud, -35 in.
long, of which one-third tube ; lobes unequal in size, oblique, dots not
prominent. Stamens large, shorter than corolla-lobes; anthers ovate
acute, dehiscing longitudinally, back with few large usually oblong
prominent black glands. Ovary globose; style ‘1 to ‘2 in. long,
subulate, twisted. Berry globose, depressed, smooth, :25 to °3 in. in
diam., black when dry. Wall. Cat. 2292; A. DC. Prod. VIII. 126;
Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 1025; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 519;
Mez Monog. Myrs. 122. A. speciosa, Bl. Bijdr. 684; A. DC. Lc. 183;
Mig. in Pl. Jungh. I. 197 and FI. Ind. Bat. II. 1022; Scheff. Myrs. 88 ;
Mez Monog. Myrs. 123. <A. purpurea, Reinw.; Bl. Bijdr. 684; A. DC.
lic. 129; Mig. in Pl. Jungh. I. 197 and Fl. Ind. Bat. 1026; Scheff.
Myrs. 88; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. V. 265. A. Hasselizi, Blume; Scheff.
Myrs. 86; Mez Monog. Myrs. 123. A. mucronata, Bl. Bijdr. 685;
A. DC. l.c. 126; Scheff. Myrs. 83; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. V.269; Mez
Monog. Myrs. 123. A. Leschenaultii, DC. l.c. 183; Mig. Pl. Jungh. I.
197 and Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 1022; Scheff. Myrs. 89. A. plagzonewra,
Scheff. Myrs. 85; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. V. 268.

Penane: Roxburgh; Curtis 2755. Perak: Scortechint 1824;
Wray 192, 1401, 2480, 2863, 3659; King’s Collector 2954, 3200, 4528,
4785, 6586, 6785, 8730, 10049. Matacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3569, 3579 ;
Derry 512, 1117. Jowore: Lake & Kelsall 4033. SINGAPORE:
Major McNair ; Cantley 133; Ridley 6136, 6436.—DistRis. Java,
Sumatra, Borneo, Celebes.

21. ARpisia LITTORALIS, Andr. Repos. X. t. 630 (1811). A glabrous
shrub of succulent character, reaching 8 to 10 feet in height ; branches
thick, rounded; buds lanceolate. Leaves succulent-coriaceous ; obovate
or oblong-obovate, rounded or bluntly acute or almost lanceolate at
apex, cuneate at base; entire; glandular dots many, scattered, incon-
spicuous ; 2 to 5 in. long, 1 to 2°5 in. broad; midrib prominent; main-
nerves invisible in the fresh plant, obscure when dry, irregular, 13 to
18 pairs, at an angle of about 60° with the midrib, curved upwards to
and along the margin; secondary nerves similar, slender, reticulations

136 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

obscure ; petiole ‘3 in. long, thick, winged by the decurrent margins of
the blade, which are often erose or wrinkled. Inflorescence of axillary
umbellate racemes of about 8 flowers each, racemes shorter than the
leaves, about 2 in. long; common peduncle about 1 in. long, usually
recurved ; pedicels ‘3 in. long, enlarged in fruit to ‘6 in. and then
clavate thickened; bracteoles oblong, obtuse, deciduous; flowers rose-
coloured, buds conica ‘4 in. long. Calya-lobes orbicular, ‘1 in. in
diam., ciliate, edges somewhat scarious, elsewhere thickly dotted
with black glands, tube rather longer than lobes. Corolla-lobes ovate
acuminate, oblique, unequal, lineolate and much gland-dotted, -3 in.
long; tube short. Stamens nearly as long as corolla-lobes; anthers
ovate, acute, united in a cone, opening longitudinally and obscurely
septate in the cells; filaments short, on broad bases confluent into a
ring adherent to the corolla-lobes. Ovary sub-globose, ending in a
subulate style -3 in. long. Berry globose, depressed, -2 in. in diam.,
smooth, bright red, turning purplish-black when ripe; black glands
many, small. Kurz For. Fl. II. 110 and Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. I.
226. A. obovata, Bl. Bijdr. 688; DC. Prod. VIII. 132. <A. humilas,
Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. ITI. 529 (not of Vahl. and in part only) ;
Mez Monog. Myrs. 127, fig. 20, A-E. A. wmbellata, Roxb. Hort.
Beng. 16; Fl. Ind. I. 582; Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 273; Lodd.
Bot. Cat. t. 531. A. solanacea, Wall. Cat. 22834 (part), 2283p (not
of Roxb.). A. polycephala, Wight Il. Ind. Bot. t. 145 (not of Wall.).
Clumacandra obovata, Miq. Pl. Jungh. I. 199, Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 1030;
Scheff. Myrs. 05; Koord & Val. Bijdr. V. 271. C. littoralis, Kurz
in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XL. II. 68.

PENANG: Curtis 217; Phillups. Purak: Wray 1866, 2373; Scor-
techim 1053; King’s Collector 4960. Mauacca: Griffith; Matngay
(K.D.) 1010; Hervey. Ketantan: Ridley. Panane: Fiudley 1638.
SineaPorE: Hullett 331, 649; Cantley 153.—Distris. Malay Islands
and eastwards to South China and the Philippines; westwards to
Ceylon (C.P. 1803) and Travancore (Wight 1767).

Climacandra multiflora, Miq., and C. salicifolia, Miq., are probably only varieties of
this species, which seems to be a coast shrub only.

22. Arpisia Kunstueri, King & Gamble, n. sp. A shrub or small
tree, usually 6 to 10 feet high, rising sometimes to 20 feet, and with a
stem about 2 to 3 in. in diam.; branchlets thick, dark brown, uppermost
and innovations rusty-pubescent; leaf-buds lanceolate. Leaves coriaceo-
chartaceous; elliptic, or elliptic-oblong, shortly acuminate at apex,
cuneate at base; minutely pubescent or scaly on both surfaces, aftey-
wards glabrate; entire or obscurely undulate-crenate on the margins

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 137

which are somewhat reflexed; glandular dots many, prominent in the
areolations of the leaves and along the margins; 8 to 15 in. long, 2°5 to
5 in. broad; midrib slender; main-nerves 20 to 24 pairs, irregularly
spaced, starting at an angle of about 65° with the midrib, at first
straight then curving upwards to and along the margin where they
anastomose ; secondary nerves usually one between each pair of main-
nerves, reticulations oblique, all raised on the lower surface when dry ;
petiole 1 to 2°5 in. long, sometimes shorter, thick, channelled above by
the decurrent margins of the blade, which are connivent. Inflorescence
lateral or axillary, a -5 to ‘7 in. long corymbiform minutely pubescent
raceme of about 18 to 22 flowers, on a thick flattened peduncle 2 to 4 in.
long; bracts small, lanceolate, very early caducous; pedicels slender,
clavate, °7 to 1 in. long, curved upwards in flower downwards in fruit;
buds ovoid, 25 in. long. Calyz-lobes orbicular, ‘1 in. long, margins
searious ciliate, covered with many black glandular dots; tube shorter
than lobes, minutely pubescent without. Corolla-lobes dark blue without,
pink within, ovate, acute, -2 in. long, minutely ciliate, prominently dotted,
tube ‘05 in. long. Stamens shorter than corolla-lobes; filaments very
short; anthers ovate acuminate, the connective studded on the back
with prominent black glands in 2 rows. Ovary ovoid, glabrous; style
slender, -15 in. long. Berry globose, blueish-black, -3 in. in diam.,
faintly striate when dry.

Perak: King’s Collector 2207, 2970, 3060, 3264, 4071, 4110, 6486 ;
Fiidley 9530.

This species is distinguished by its large elliptic leaves, comparatively small flowers,
and large fruits, but comes in some respects near to dA. oxyphylla and in others to
A. solanacea, and to A. polycephala, Wall.

23. ARDISIA SOLANACEA, Roxb. Cor. Pl. 27. t. 27 (1795), Hort. Beng.

16, Fl. Ind. I. 580, and Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 269. A large

shrub, reaching 6 to 8 feet in height; bark ash-coloured, branches stout,

glabrous, grey, somewhat angular, buds lanceolate. Leaves coriaceous ;

oblong or elliptic-oblong, acuminate at apex, cuneate at base, glabrous,

entire; glandular dots many scattered in the areolations of the
nerves and especially near the margin; 6 to 10 in. long, 2 to 3:5 in.

broad; midrib slender, somewhat impressed above; main-nerves 12

to 20 pairs, unequally spaced, leaving the midrib at an angle of about

60°, at first straight but soon curving upwards to and along the margin

and then anastomosing ; secondary nerves many, rather prominent as
are the reticulations ; petiole stout, 5 to ‘8 in. long, channelled above by

the decurrent and often connivent margins of the blade. Injlorescence

of pedunculate corymbiform racemes, bearing 10 to 16 flowers, from the

138 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

axils of the upper leaves or of the scars of fallen leaves, 2 to 4 in. long;
peduncle 1 to 2‘ in. long, stout, flattened above as is the very short rachis
of the raceme; bracteoles concave, thin, prominently gland-dotted; pedi-
cels ‘7 to 1 in. long, more or less clavate, slender at first, thicker in fruit ;
buds conical, -4 in. long. Calyz-lobes orbicular, ciliate, scarious on the
margins, ‘15 to -2 in. long, prominently black-gland-dotted ; tube nearly
equal to lobes. Corolla-lobes pink, ovate, rounded, -3 to 35 in. long,
prominently gland-dotted, minutely ciliate on the margins, otherwise
glabrous ; tube extremely short. Stamens about two-thirds the length of
the corolla-lobes; filaments short, stout, conical; anthers ovate-sagit-
tate, ‘2 in. long, acute, apiculate, the back of the connective studded
with prominent large black glands in a double row. Ovary ovoid,
glabrous; style slender, ‘25 in. long. Berry globose, dark blue or black,
‘*3 In. in diam. Willd. Sp. Pl. I. 1063; Bot. Mag. t. 1677; Wall. Cat.
2283 A-K; Mez Monog. Myrs. 182, fig. 20 F-K; Cooke Bomb. FI. II.
86. A. humilis, A. DC. in Trans. Linn. Soe. XVII. 118 (not of Vahl);
Wight Ic. t. 1212; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Pl. 137; Clarke in Hook. f.
Fl. Br. Ind, III. 529 (am part); Brandis For. Fl. 287; Kurz in Journ.
As. Soc. XLVI. II. 226, and For. Fl. IJ. 100; Prain Beng. Pl. 645.
A. elliptica, Bedd. FI. Sylv. p. CXX XVIII. (not of Thunb.).

Perak: Wray 1900, 3000; King’s Collector 6011.—Distr1B. India,
Burma.

Var. elata, King & Gamble. A small tree reaching 25 to 35 feet in
height, and 6 to 8 in. in diam. Jeaves thinner, oblong-lanceolate ;
main-nerves less prominent than in the type. Inflorescence with rather
longer stouter peduncles and more numerous flowers. Berry slightly
larger.

PreRAK: Scortechint 679; King’s Collector 4717, 5770.

This variety is scarcely worthy of being classed as such, but, at any rate in the
herbarium, the specimens are easily separable.

24. ARDISIA LURIDA, Blume Bijdr. 687 (1826). A large shrub, reaching
20 feet in height and 3 to 4 in. in diam. of stem; branchlets thick, glabrous,
as are the lanceolate acuminate leaf-buds. Leaves entire, coriaceous ;
lanceolate- or sub-obovate-oblong, shortly acuminate at apex, gradually
cuneate at base; glabrous and dark green above, pale and ferruginous-
brown beneath ; glands many, regularly scattered in the areoles of the
net venation; 5 to 10 in. long, 1°5 to 2:5 in. broad; midrib prominent; —
main-nervyes 16 to 20 pairs, slender, irregular, starting at about 60° with
the midrib, parallel at first and then arched up to and along the margin
where they meet; secondary nerves similar, reticulations obscure ;
petiole -4 to ‘7 in. long, winged by the decurrent edges of the blade, the

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 139

wings connivent above when dry. Inflorescence a short (2 to 3in. long),
axillary, few-flowered, sub-umbellate, minutely ferruginous-pubescent,
peduncled raceme; peduncles 1 to 1‘5 in. long, flattened; pedicels *4 to
‘6 in. in flower, longer in fruit and then clavate; flowers large, waxy,
pinkish-white ; buds rounded, ‘4 to ‘5 in. long. Calyx-lobes ovate-orbi-
cular, emarginate, scarious and ciliate at the edges, puberulous outside,
‘2 in. in diam., glandular dots conspicuous, of various sizes, black
and brown mixed; tube short. Corolla-lobes ovate, obtuse, oblique,
concave and keeled, -4 in. long, ‘2 in. broad, glandular dots and lineoles
prominent, tube very short. Stamens two-thirds as long as petals;
anthers hastate, mucronate, opening by longitudinal slits, prominently
dotted on the back with large black glands. Ovary rounded, ending in
a short subulate style. Berry globose, apiculate, -4 in. in diam.,
smooth, gland-dotted. A. DC. Prod. VIII. 130; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT.
1019 ; Scheff. Myrs. 71; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. V. 245; Mez Monog.
Myrs. 130.

Perak: Ridley 7172, 10319.—Distris. Java.

25. ARDISIA OXYPHYLLA, Wall. Cat. 2291 (1829). A shrub; branchlets
rounded, smooth ; buds narrowly lanceolate, glabrous. Leaves charta-
ceous ; elliptic, acute or shortly acuminate at apex, acutely narrowed
at base, entire; glabrous above, glabrous beneath except for a few
minute scales; glandular dots many, especially near the margin; 3 to
7 in. long, 1 to 2°5 in. broad; midrib slender, prominent; main-nerves
about 16 pairs, irregular, usually at about an angle of 60° with the
midrib, more or less parallel at first, then arching nearly to the margin ;
secondary nerves slender, like the main-nerves, reticulations irregular ;
petiole -4 to ‘7 in. long, winged by the decurrent margins of the blade.
Inflorescence an axillary, long-peduncled, short, few-flowered (5 to 8)
subumbellate raceme, about 2 to 4 in. long; peduncles 1 to 2 in. long,
angular when dry; pedicels -4 in. long, ‘7 in. in fruit, slender; buds
rounded, °3 in. long. Calyx-lobes ovate-rotundate, obtuse, ‘1 in. in
diam., ciliate on the scarious edges, prominently dotted with numerous
black and brown glands; tube short. Corolla-lobes broadly ovate,
sub-acute or obtuse, oblique, *25 to ‘3 in. long, prominently dotted
with many black or brown round glands and fewer elongate lineolate
ones. Stamens nearly as long as corolla-lobes, almost quite sessile;
anthers sagittate, long-acute, the connective prominently marked on
the back with large black conspicuous glands. Ovary rounded, ending
in a short -15 in. long style, glabrous. Berry globose, ‘3 in. in diam.,
fleshy, smooth. A. DC. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 120, Prod. VIII.
130; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 528 variety excepted ; Stapf
in Trans. Linn. Soe. Ser. 2. TV. 204; Mez Monog. Myrs. 131.

140 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Prenane: Wallach 2291; Curtrs 668; Ridley 7093. Prax: King’s
Collector 5624, 5918, 5929, 6185, 8218, 10504. Province WELLESLEY :
Ridley 6953.—Distris. Andamans or Tenasserim, Helfer (K.D.) 3571,
3585; Borneo.

26. AnpiIsiA SCORTECHINII, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree reaching
40 to 50 feet in height and 8 to 12 in. in diam.; branchlets round, dark
brown, lenticellate, leaf-buds acuminate. Leaves entire, coriaceous;
obovate, acute at apex, cuneate at base; glabrous, margins incurved ;
glandular dots many, obscure; 5 to 7 in. long, 1-5 to 2 in. broad; midrib
prominent slender; main-nerves 14 to 16 pairs, very oblique, at about
30° to the midrib, curved upwards and joining parallel to the margin ;
secondary nerves similar but more slender, reticulations curved,
surrounding the dots; petiole -4 in., rather broadly edged by the
decurrent margins of the blade, which are nearly connivent above ;
stipules leafy, more or less persistent. Inflorescence 2 in. long, of short
axillary peduncled, umbellate racemes 8-12-flowered, in the axils of
short leafy bracts; peduncles thick, about 1 in. long, flattened; pedicels
‘5 in., thickened and longer in fruit ; bracteoles ovate, acute, boat- shaped,
deflexed, persistent; flowers reddish-pink. Calyz-lobes orbicular, obtuse,
‘2, to -25 in. long, emarginate, ciliate, scarious on the edges, with many
parallel veins and many prominent round or oblong mixed black and
brown glandular dots; tube short. Corolla-lobes ovate, acute, oblique,
‘35 in. long, unequal, with very few dots, some round some lineolate,
tube very short. Stamens shorter than corolla-lobes; anthers long
acuminate, villous on the connective on both sides, back marked with
large black glands; filaments short, very thick. Ovary ovoid, sur-
mounted by the conical, subulate, -2 in. long, glabrous style. Berry
globose, smooth, ‘3 in. in diam., bluish black.

Perak: Scortechint; King’s Collector 4662, 4672—on rich soil, in
dense jungle, up to 800 feet.

97. ARDISIA PENDULA, Mez Monog. Myrs. 125 (1901). Apparently a
shrub; branchlets thick, glabrous below, ferruginous-pubescent at the
extremities, leaf-buds lanceolate, ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves charta-
ceous; elliptic lanceolate, long acute at apex, cuneate at base; entire but
sometimes very faintly crenate near the apex; glabrous above, glabrous
or slightly ferruginous-pubescent beneath; glandular dots scattered,
more numerous and prominent near the margins; 4 to 7 in. long, 1°5 to
2 in. broad; midrib slender; main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, irregular,
starting from the midrib at about an angle of 60°, then arching upwards
and joining near the margin; secondary nerves slender, minor nerves
reticulate; petiole ‘3 to ‘5 in. long, winged by the decurrent edges of the
blade. Inflorescence of 3 to 5 in. long axillary peduncled ferruginous-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 141

pubescent racemes; peduncles about 2 in., pedicels -4 to °5 in. long,
curved. Calya-lobes ovate, rounded, with many glandular dots, °1 in.
long; tube short. Corolla-lobes ovate-elliptic, rounded, much gland-
dotted. Stamens shorter than the petals; anthers acute, dotted on the
back ; filaments very short. Ovary ovoid, glabrous. Berry globose, black
when dry, *25 in. in diam., much gland-dotted. <A. attenuata, Miq. FI.
Ind. Bat. IT. 1020 and Suppl. I. 575 (mot of Wall.); Scheff. Myrs.
68. A. reclinata, Blume; Scheff. lc.

Manacca: Goodenough 1295.—Distris. Java, Sumatra. A poor
specimen only available.

28. Arpis1a Hunierru, Mez Monog. Myrs. 180(1901). Apparently
a shrub; branchlets light brown, round, smooth; leaf-buds lanceolate,
glabrous, black. Leaves membranous; oblong-lanceolate, acuminate at
apex, acuminately narrowed at base; entire, glabrous on both surfaces ;
glands light-brown, large, in the areoles of beautifully netted venation ;
4 to 7 in. long, 1°5 to 2 in. broad; midrib slender ; impressed above ;
main-nerves many, slender, irregular, 20 to 24 pairs, parallel at first
and then arching upwards and joining in a narrow intramarginal ring ;
secondary nerves many, like the main-nerves, reticulations numerous ;
petiole -4 in. long, slender, only very narrowly winged. Inflorescence
an axillary, short, few- (1-5) flowered, glabrous, umbellate raceme,
peduncle ‘5 to ‘7 in. long; pedicels ‘5 in. long, recurved, more or less
clavate; buds conical, -3 to-4 in.long. Calyzx-lobes scarcely overlapping,
ovate-orbicular, ciliate, -1 to -15 in. long, minutely gland-dotted; tube
short. Corolla-lobes ovate-acuminate, upper edges incurved, oblique,
unequal, many-nerved, sparsely black-gland-dotted; tube very short.
Stamens a little shorter than the corolla-lobes; anthers oblong, mucro-
nate, with 2 lines of prominent black glands on the back; filaments
short, spreading at base. Ovary ovoid, thick, glabrous; style short,
subulate. Berry brown, smooth, globose, *2 in. in diam., seed white-
ringed at base.

Mauacca: on Mount Ophir, Hullett 769, 778.

29. ARDISIA OBLONGIFOLIA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A shrub; branch-
lets brown, glabrous, with faint decurrent raised lines from either side of ©
the insertion of the leaf-petioles; leaf-buds lanceolate acuminate. Leaves
chartaceous ; oblong, acute at apex, cuneate at base; glabrous, entire;
glandular dots scattered but not prominent except near the margins
which are reflexed ; 7 to 10 in. long, 2 to 2°5 in. broad ; midrib prominent,
impressed above; main-nerves 22 to 26 pairs, starting at an angle of
nearly 80° from the midrib, at first straight and near the margin curving
upwards to and along it; secondary nerves many, usually at least 1 to 2
between each pair of main-nerves, reticulations in an elegant network ;

he

142 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

petiole rather slender, ‘8 to 1 in. long, bordered above by the decurrent
margins of the blade. Inflorescence an axillary corymbose raceme of
about 8 flowers and about °5 in. long on a 1°5 to 2 in. long flattened
peduncle ; pedicels -75 in. long, clavate. Calyx-lobes orbicular, ciliate,
gland-dotted, about -1 in. long; tube as long: rest of flowers unknown.
Berry globose, 2 in. long, glandular-dotted.

PrrRak: at 1,000 feet, Wray 3797.

30. ARDISIA TETRASEPALA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A _ shrub;
branchlets slender, pale brown, with indistinct raised lines from the
sides of the leaf-petioles, sinuate, slightly scaly above. Leaves char-
taceous ; elliptic or elliptic-ovate, gradually acuminate at apex, rounded
at base; glabrous above, pale brown when dry, very slightly pubescent
on and near the midrib beneath; glandular dots many scattered, promi-
nently raised on the upper surface, margins slightly recurved; 4-5 to
6:5 in. long, 1:5 to 2:5 in. broad; midrib prominent below; main-nerves
about 16 to 20, irregularly spaced, starting at an angle of 60° from the
midrib, curved upwards, dividing and anastomosing with the secondary
nerves in a marginal network, all raised beneath; petiole -2 to 3 in.
long, channelled above. Inflorescence a pseudo-terminal subumbellate
8-12-flowered scarcely :2 in. long raceme in the axil of the uppermost
leaf; peduncle about -5 in. long, pedicels slender, about ‘d in. long.
Calyz-lobes 4, ovate-orbicular, ciliate, gland-dotted, about -1 in. long,
reflexed in fruit: rest of flower unknown. Berry globose, :25 in. in
diam., black when dry and prominently dotted with oblong glands.

JOHORE: at Jaffaria and Gunong Palai, 1,500 feet, G. King.

We place this species in Trnus instead of in Tryopsis because not only does the
inflorescence seem to be only apparently terminal but its sub-umbellately racemose
character seems to approximate more nearly to that of the former section.

31. ARDISIA BIFLORA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small shrub, 4 to
8 feet high; branches smooth, pale brown; branchlets divaricate,
slender. Leaves chartaceous; oblong-lanceolate, acuminate at both apex
and base; glabrous; entire or very faintly crenulate; glandular dots
many, black, large, in the areoles of the reticulations; 3 to 5 in. long,
‘75 to 1:5 in. broad; midrib slender ; main-nerves 12 to 14 pairs, at an
angle of about 55° with the midrib, curving upwards to and along the
margin where they meet in a wavy intramarginal nerve; secondary
nerves many, reticulations irregular; petiole slender, -2 to ‘5 in. long,
sometimes longer. Inflorescence'a lateral, 2-flowered, pedunculate umbel,
1-5 in. long; peduncle and pedicels each 75 in. long, slender. Calyx-
lobes ovate, scarious and ciliate on the margins, prominently gland-
dotted, ‘05 in. long; tube as long: rest of flower unknown. Berry

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 143

black, globose, -25 in. in diam., ribbed and prominently gland-
dotted.

PERAK : in dense jungle on limestone hills at 300 to 800 feet, King’s
Collector 4296, 4711; Wray 3348. It is very near A. pawpera, Mez, of
Sumatra, but the long slender peduncle and pedicels distinguish it.

' A specimen collected by Scortechini (without number) has similar leaves, but the
inflorescence is pseudo-terminal and branched, with more than 2 flowers and very short
pedicels.

Ridley’s No. 2670 from Pahang seems to be Ardisia rhyncophylla, Clarke, but the
specimen is imperfect, and we hesitate to describe it as a Malay plant.

32. ARDISIA TAHANICA, King & Gamble,n.sp. A shrub (?); branch-
lets brown, shining, somewhat flattened ; innovations scaly and hirsute,
leaf-buds ferruginous-pubescent, lanceolate. Leaves chartaceous; linear-
lanceolate, acuminate at both ends; glabrous above, scaly beneath and
slightly pubescent along the midrib; margins entire, recurved ; glandu-
lar dots numerous, scattered, conspicuous on the under surface; 4 to
6 in. long, -7 to ‘9 in. broad; midrib slender; main-nerves obscure,
about 12 pairs, starting at a very oblique angle and curving upwards
to and along the margin; secondary nerves similar, reticulations
obscure ; petiole slender, -4 to 6 in. long. Inflorescence an umbellate
peduncled raceme, 1°5 to 2 in. long, from the axils of some of the upper
leaves ; peduncle slender, ‘7 to 1:2 in. long; flowers about 5-8, pedicels
slender, ‘5 in. long. Calyx-lobes semi-orbicular, scarious and ciliate on
the margins, rusty-pubescent on the back and with many glandular
dots, ‘05 in. long; tube as long as lobes: rest of flower not seen.
Berry globose, depressed, -2 in. in diam., prominently striate.

Panane: Fidley 2669, in Tahan woods.

Goodenough No. 10552, from Selangor, is also possibly the same species, but the
leaves reach 1°5 in. in breadth and the peduncle and pedicels are stouter.

33. ARDISIA VILLOSA, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 85 (1814), FI. Ind. I. 582, and
Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 274. A small shrub, reaching 6 to 8 feet
in height ; branchlets rounded, from nearly glabrous to densely ferru-
ginous-pilose, the hairs moniliform. Leaves chartaceous ; oblong-lan-
ceolate or lanceolate, acute or acuminate at apex, cuneate at base ;
more or less distinctly but shallowly crenate, the crenations broad,
margins recurved; glabrous to minutely rusty-hirsute above, densely
red-villous beneath, especially on the nerves; glandular dots many,
black, prominent; 4 to 8 in. long, :75 to 2:5 in. broad; midrib pro-
minent; main-nerves 8 to 12 pairs, very irregular, slender, obscure,
arching upwards and ending in the crenature-glands; secondary nerves
similar, meeting the main-nerves, reticulations faint; petiole ‘4 to ‘8 in.

144 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

long, rusty-villous. Inflorescence a sessile or short-peduncled, more or
less rusty-villous, umbellate raceme at the end of the main branchlets
or at the ends of long-peduncled axillary 2-leaved branchlets; bracts
ovate-lanceolate, -1 to -2 in. long, deciduous ; pedicels -3 to -4 in. long,
secund; buds conical. Calyx-lobes pink, linear-oblong or lingulate,
obtuse or slightly acute, -25 to 3 in. long, 075 in. broad, glabrous ‘to
thickly rusty-villous, apex often recurved, glandular lines and dots
scattered ; tube exceedingly short. Corolla-lobes pale pink, ovate-acute
or -acuminate, -25 to ‘3 in. long, prominently dotted with round or
oblong glands, much twisted in bud; tube short. Stamens shorter
than the petals, :2 in. long; anthers ovate, acuminate, dehiscing by
wide pores in the upper half; filaments very short. Ovary globose,
crowned by a slender ‘2 in. long style, the base of the style and top of
ovary minutely pubescent. Berry globose, °25 in. in diam., bright red,
sparingly pubescent. A. DC. Prod. VIII. 136; Wall. Cat. 2280a ; Mig.
Pl. Jungh. 191, Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 1017; Scheff. Myrs. 90; Kurz in Journ.
As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 227 and For. Fl. II. 113; Clarke in Hook.
f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 525 var. excepted; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. V. 2538.
A. vestita, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. IT. 274; A. DC.
lew; Mig. le.; Mez Monog. Myrs. 141. A. mollis, Bl. Bijdr. 689.
A. tavoyana, A. DC. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 125.

Penane: Maingay (K.D.) 1011; Ardley 9357; Curtis 1597.
PERAK: Scortechint 638; Wray 151, 862, 2967, 3149; King’s Collector
1819, 3138, 6104, 6448, 7915, 10052. Panane: Sidley 2176.
SeLanecor: Fidley 1558; Curtas. Manacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3588;
Hervey ; Ridley; Cuming 2390. Sinearore: Firdley, 2833, 2816.—
Distrris. Burma, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and eastwards to Tonkin
and Hainan.

Var. glabrata, Kurz l.c. Leaves, at least when full grown, glabrous.
Calyx glabrous or nearly so. Stapf in Trans. Linn. Soe. Ser. 2, IV.
204. A. glabrata, Bl. Bijdr. 692; A. DC. Prod. VIII. 186; Mig. FI.
Ind. Bat. IT. 1022.

Perak: Ridley 2899; Wray 2801, 3414; King’s Collector 949, 4612,
6188, 6255, 7696; Scortechint 315.— Distris. Java, Sumatra,
Borneo.

Ridley’s 5510 from Kedah seems to be a form of this with smaller leaves and
shorter calyx-lobes, but can hardly be separated as a second variety.

34. ArpisiaA vireNS, Kurz For. Fl. IJ. 575 (1877), and Journ. As.
Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 226. A small glabrous shrub; branchlets slender,
pale, somewhat compressed and twisted. Leaves membranous, oblong
or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate at apex, cuneate at base; faintly

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 145

cerisped-crenulate with large glands in the crenulations ; pale and glab-
rous on both surfaces; glandular dots scattered, in the areoles of
the reticulations ; 4 to 6 in. long, 1:5 to 2 in. broad; midrib promi-
nent, somewhat impressed above; main-nerves about 12 to 14 pairs,
irregular and irregularly spaced, usually starting at an angle of about
60° with the midrib, at first straight, branching and joining in an
intramarginal nerve close to the margin and passing through the
crenature glands; secondary nerves many, slender, reticulations many,
curved; petiole -4 to -6 in. long, winged by the decurrent margins
of the blade. Injlorescence an almost sessile terminal corymb, com-
posed of long-peduncled sub-umbellate racemes ; peduncles 1 to 1°5 in. ;
pedicels ‘5 to ‘8 in. long ; buds conical -25in. long. Calyzx-lobes oblong,
obtuse, thin, ‘075 in. long, conspicuously dark-brown-gland-dotted; tube
short. Corolla-lobes ovate, bluntly acuminate, oblique, unequal, con-
spicuously marked by few dark brown lines and dots, ‘3 in. long; tube
very short. Stamens shorter than corolla-lobes, -2 in. long, obtusely
hastate; anthers opening by broad longitudinal slits, conspicuously
black-gland-dotted on back; filaments short. Ovary rounded, style
slender, -2 in. long. Berry globose, pale, somewhat depressed, “3 to
‘4 in. in diam., conspicuously marked with round or oblong purple
dots, somewhat fleshy. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 524; Stapf
in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. 2, ITV. 203 ; Mez Monog. Myrs. 147.

Perak: Wray 1444 at 2,000 feet.—Distris. Assam, Cachar,
Manipur, Yunnan, Borneo.

35. Arpisia Wray, King & Gamble, n. sp. A single-stemmed
treelet or shrub reaching 5 feet in height, but usually smaller; upper
part of stem :25 in. thick, brown, with spongy bark and scurfy scales ;
leaf-buds glabrous, lanceolate-acuminate. Leaves membranous; oblong-
lanceolate, long acuminate at apex, long cuneate at base; margins re-
curved; somewhat scaly on both surfaces, scurfy along the midrib
beneath; glandular dots prominent scattered; broadly crenate, the crena-
tures shallow with large glands ; deep green above, red or purple beneath ;
6 to 10 in. long, 1°5 to 3 in. broad; midrib slender; main-nerves
- 12 to 20 pairs, irregular in angle and distance, curving upwards to and
along the margin where they or their branches end in the glands of the
crenatures ; secondary nerves few, reticulations many scarcely pro-
minent ; petiole ‘7 to 1-3 in. long, somewhat flattened, bordered by the
decurrent margins of the blade. Inflorescence of glabrous sub-umbellate
racemes from the axils of the uppermost leaves, usually crowded so as
to present almost the appearance of a terminal cluster; peduncles
usually -5 in. long, occasionally shorter but often longer, even up to
2 in., flattened ; racemes very short, much marked by the scars of very

146 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

caducous bracteoles ; flowers 8 to 12; pedicels slender below, flattened
above, twisted and curved, ‘3 to 4 in. long; buds ovoid. Calyx-lobes
ovate, acute, ‘1 in. long, prominently black-gland-dotted. Corolla-lobes
waxy, reddish or purple, ovate, -15 to -2 in. long, sparsely gland-dotted.
Stamens nearly as long as corolla-lobes ; filaments very short, thick ;
anthers ovate, acute, connective much gland-dotted on back. Ovary
rounded ; style short, slender, glabrous. Berry globose, red, rugose,
‘3 in. in diam., prominently gland-dotted when dry.

Perak: Wray 438, 2795, 3280, 4051; Scortechim 418; King’s
Collector 1888, 3631, 6938, 7514, in dense jungle on rich soil, both in
low-level localities and up to 4,000 feet in the mountains ; one specimen,
rather more slender, thinner and more glabrous, from the top of rocks.
(K.C. 7514).

K.C. No. 6938 from mountains at 3,000 to 4,000 feet, has the main-nerves nearly at
right angles to the midrib, while other specimens have it at 60° or even 45°; these are,
however, intermediate, and all that can be said is that the character is a variable one.
The species seems to resemble the A. macrocarpa, Wall., of Northern India, in its havit
of growth.

36. ARDISIA MINOR, King & Gamble, n. sp. Apparently a short
(12 to 18 in. high) treelet or undershrub ; lower part of stem with side
rootlets ; stem ‘2 to :25 in. thick, rusty-pubescent, dark brown. Leaves.
coriaceous ; elliptic, long caudate-acuminate at apex, attenuate or
cuneate at base often unequally; margins recurved, very shallowly
crenate, the crenatures with large prominent glands; glabrous on both
surfaces but somewhat scaly ; 5 to 7 in. long, 2 to 2°5 in. broad; midrib
slender; main-nerves about 15 pairs, starting at an angle of about 50°
with the midrib, and thence straight to the margin where they or their
branches end in the crenature glands; secondary nerves similar to the
main-nerves, reticulations oblique, all raised beneath when dry; petiole
thick, rugose, rusty-pubescent, ‘7 to 1 in. long, winged by the decurrent
margins of the blade. Inflorescence of very short, rusty-pubescent,
umbellate racemes of about 5 to 6 flowers from the axils of the upper-
most leaves; peduncle scarcely ‘2 in. long, thick ; racemes about °2 in.
long; bracteoles many, ovate or oblong, recurved; pedicels thick,
‘3 to ‘4 in. long, flattened, recurved. Calyx-lobes ovate acute, -1 to
‘15 in. broad, glabrous, prominently gland-dotted, nearly free. Corolla-
lobes ovate acute, ‘2 in. long, glabrous, dotted prominently with large
black glands. Stamens shorter than corolla-lobes; filaments very
short, thick; anthers oblong acuminate, the connective gland-dotted
at the back, ‘1 in. long. Ovary rounded, glabrous; style ‘1 in. long,
subulate. Berry not known.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 147

PERAK: Scortechini.

Very near A. Wrayi, but differs especially in the coriaceous leaves and the shorter
and much thicker pedicels.

37. ARDISIA PERAKENSIS, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small bush;
branchlets pale brown, smooth, wrinkled when dry ; innovations densely
rusty-glandular-pubescent. Leaves membranous; elliptic-lanceolate,
long acute both at apex and base; nearly glabrous on both surfaces
but with small peltate scales, young leaves rusty-glandular-pubescent ;
margin slightly recurved, shortly and shallowly crenate or nearly den-
tate except on the lower third and at the apex, glands in the crenatures
present, obscure; glandular dots absent or very sparse ; 2°5 to 4 in. long,
‘70 to 1:25 in. broad; midrib slender; main-nerves about 16 pairs, rather
irregular in angle and distance, meeting near the margin in an irregularly
looped intramarginal nerve, reticulations many, transverse, all raised
on lower surface; petiole slender, -2 to ‘4 in. long, bordered by the
decurrent margins of the blade. Inflorescence of small, 2-3-flowered,
rusty-glandular, pubescent, pedunculate umbels from the axils of upper
leaves or of reduced bract-like leaves; peduncles ‘3 in. long; pedicels
‘1 to ‘2 in. long; bracteoles ovate, minute; buds ovoid, pale pink.
Calyx-lobes triangular-ovate, acute, minutely pubescent and gland-
dotted, -05 in. long. Corolla-lobes ovate, acute, -1 to -15 in. long,
glabrous, sparsely black-gland-dotted. Stamens a little shorter than
corolla-lobes ; filaments almost none; anthers ovate, acute, ‘1 in. long.
Ovary rounded, glabrous; style subulate, (075 in. long. Berry not.
known.

PERAK: at 300 feet in Upper Perak, Wray 3462.

38. Arpis1a Meztana, King & Gamble, n. sp. A herbaceous under-
shrub, 1 to 2 feet in height, stem 2 in. in diam. ; bark soft, pale brown,
upper parts and innovations rusty-glandular pubescent. Leaves charta-
ceous ; elliptic-obovate, shortly and abruptly acuminate at apex, cuneate
at base ; glabrous above, sparsely glandular-pubescent beneath ; margins
rather narrowly crenate-dentate except in the lower third to half
-and at the acumination, recurved, glands in the crenatures obscure ;
glandular dots many, scattered, inconspicuous; 3°5 to 5:5 in. long,
1:5 to 2 in. broad; midrib slender; main-nerves 10 to 14 pairs, at an
angle of about 60° with the midrib, at first straight afterwards curved
upwards to anastomose near the margin; secondary nerves few, reticu-
lations oblique, all more or less raised on both surfaces when dry;
petiole °3 to ‘5 in. long, somewhat thickened below, densely rusty-
glandular-pubescent. Inflorescence of very short, sessile, rusty-glandular-
pubescent racemes of about 6 flowers each, in the axils of the leaves all

148 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

down the stem, the racemes ‘1 to 15 in. long; bracteoles ovate, scarious,
conspicuously black-gland-dotted and ciliate; pedicels short, ‘1 to-15 in.
long, stout; buds ovoid; flowers waxy-white. Calyx-lobes 5, ovate,
acute, ciliate, hyaline, with conspicuous black dots, -05 in. long; tube
as long as lobes. Corolla-lobes, ovate, blunt, -1 in. long, conspicuously
black-gland-dotted ; tube very short. Stamens nearly as long as corolla-
lobes; filaments short, thick; anthers ovate-lanceolate, long apiculate,
the connective studded on the back with large black glands. Ovary
rounded, style filiform as long as corolla. erry not seen.

PERAK: on limestone rocks in open jungle at 500 to 800 feet, King’s
Collector 5838. )

We have dedicated this well-marked species to C. Mez, whose Monograph of

Myrstne& has done so much for the elucidation of the Natural Order, and whose
study of Ardisia in particular has been of so much help to us.

39. Arpisia RipLevt1, King & Gamble, n.sp.’ A slender shrub or treelet,
reaching 10 to 15 feet in height and about 1 in. in diam.; branchlets dark
brown, slender, minutely ferruginous-pubescent ; leaf-buds lanceolate,
densely ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves membranous; oblong-lanceo-
late, long acuminate at apex, acuminate or somewhat rounded at base ;
prominently crenate, the crenatures usually regular, margin slightly
recurved ; glabrous on both surfaces; glandular dots few, scattered ;
4 to 8 in. long, 1:25 to 1:75 in. broad; midrib slender; main-nerves
about 12 pairs, at irregular angles and spaces, ending in the crenatures
of the margin; secondary nerves and reticulations obscure; petiole
‘2 to ‘7 in. long, bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade.
Inflorescence a 3-6-flowered, sessile, umbellate raceme in the axil of the
uppermost leaf of the branchlets; raceme about -2 in. long; pedicels
slender, ‘7 to 1-4 in. long, minutely rusty-pubescent; buds ovoid, acute.
‘Calyxz-lobes 5, broadly triangular, acute, ‘075 in. long, sparsely black-
gland-dotted, rusty-pubescent. Corolla-lobes broadly ovate, acute,
“15 in. long, glabrous, densely and closely black-gland-dotted. Stamens
a little shorter than the corolla-lobes; filaments very short, thick ;
anthers oblong, hastate, mucronate, ‘1 in. long. Ovary rounded,
glabrous, style slender, ‘05 in. long. Berry dark red, ovoid, apiculate,
sparsely striate and gland-dotted, ‘25 to °3 in. in. diam.

PERAK: in dense forest at 2,500 to 4,500 feet, Wray 209; King’s .
Collector 5019. Snuancor: Ridley 8534. ‘Sincarore: Fidley 6434.

Very like A. crenata var. angusta but has broader and thinner leaves, differently
nerved.

40. ARDISIA CRENATA, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 85 (1814), Fl. Ind. I. 583,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 149

and Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 276. An evergreen small glabrous
shrub; branchlets thick, somewhat fleshy, striate with faint lines
decurrent from the bases of the leaves; leaf-buds small, conical.
Leaves chartaceo-coriaceous ; lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, acute or
sub-obtuse at apex, acuminately narrowed at base; margins cris-
pately crenate with glands in the crenatures, recurved; glabrous on
both surfaces; glandular dots scattered in the areoles of minor
nerves, sometimes prominent, often obscure; 2 to 4 in. long, 75
to 15 in. broad; midrib slender; main-nerves 10 to 14 pairs,
irregular, slender, arching upwards and joining in an intramarginal
nerve close to the margin which passes through the crenature glands;
secondary nerves similar but fainter, reticulations curved; petiole
‘2 in. long, narrowly winged by the crisped edges of the decurrent blade.
Inflorescence of short, sessile or shortly peduncled, panicled racemes,
springing from the branchlets just below the terminal pair of leaves ;
pedicels -2 to -4 in. long, slender, longer and thicker in fruit, generally
recurved ; buds conical, -15 to -2 in. long; flowers 4- or 5-merous, waxy
pink or white. Calyx-lobes ovate, :05 to -1 in. long, scarious at the
edges, dotted with black glands in the middle; tube very short. Corolla-
lobes rose-pink, ovate-oblong, bluntly acuminate, ‘2 in. long, oblique,
unequal, sparsely dotted with round or elongated glands, sometimes
papillose at the base within. Stamens shorter than corolla-lobes ;
anthers ovate-oblong, acute, with few glands on the back; filaments
very short. Ovary ovoid, surmounted by a twisted subulate slender
style -15 in. long. Berry globose, :25 in. in diam., scarlet, succulent,
obscurely striate, crowned by the persistent style. Wall. Cat. 2262 ;
Bot. Mag. t. 1950; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 524; Koord. &
Val. Bijdr. VI. 190. A. glandulosa, Bl. Bijdr. 690 (not of Roxb.). A.
crenulata, Lodd. Bot. Cat. t. 2 (not of Vent.). A. crispa, A. DC. in
Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 124 and Prod. VIII. 134; Scheff. Myrs. 72;
Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. II. 1020; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. i.
226 and For. Fl. II. 113; Mez Monog. Myrs. 144, fig. 22. A. densa and
A. polystucta, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 575, 576. Bladhia crispa,
Thunb. Fl. Jap. 97; Kaempf. Ic. Pl. Jap. t. 7.

Kepan: Ridley 5517. Prnane: Wallich 2262; Maingay (K.D.)
1009 ; Phillips ; Curtis 337; Deschamps ; G. King ; J. Scott. Matacca :
Griffith (K.D.) 3583/1; Cuming 2254; Hullett 637; Derry 944. Prax:
Scortechin; Wray, 1257; King’s Collector 1337, 4180, 4903, 7847
8706, 10566. Srnancor: Ridley 10553. Panana: Ridley 24; Havi-
land. JonorE: Fox 11285.—Distris. Assam, Burma, Sumatra, Java,
Borneo, and eastwards to South China and Japan. Ridley (Trans.
Linn. Soe. III. (1893) 317) says the berries are ‘‘ sweet and eatable.”

150 Flora of the Malayan Pennsula.

Var. angusta, Clarke, l.c. Leaves narrowly lanceolate; flowers in
a simple umbellate raceme, pedicels divaricate, buds obtuse.

Manacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3584.

41. ArpisIA RosEA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small shrub reaching
4 to 6 feet in height; branchlets divaricate, purplish-brown when dry,
glabrous; buds lanceolate. Leaves membranous; elliptic, cuspidately
acuminate at apex, cuneate at base; broadly crenate with shallow
crenatures and prominent glands, the margin recurved; glabrous on
both surfaces; glandular dots extremely numerous, prominent on the
under surface which is paler than the upper when dry; 2 to 4 in.
long, 1 to 1:5 in. broad ; midrib slender ; main-nerves obscure, 8 to 12.
pairs, irregular, branching and usually ending in the crenature-glands ;
secondary nerves and reticulations indistinct; petiole red, slender,
‘25 to 5 in. long, bordered by the decurrent crisped margins of the
blade. Inflorescence a corymbiform terminal or pseudo-terminal panicle
of umbellate racemes, the branches divaricate, minutely rusty-pube-
scent ; common peduncle, above the last leaf, short, about -05 in. ;
branch peduncles slender, ‘5 to 1 in. long; pedicels slender, ‘2 to °4 in.
long, up to ‘5 in. long in fruit, flattened in flower; flowers in each
umbel about 12, usually recurved; buds ovoid, acute. Calyx-lobes 5,
triangular-ovate, -05 in. long, glabrous, not glandular; tube as long
as lobes, lobes reflexed in fruit. Corolla-lobes waxy-white tinged
with pink, or pink only, ovate-acuminate, -2 in. long, much twisted to
the left, not glandular. Stamens nearly as long as _ corolla-lobes ;
filaments slender, ‘05 in. long; anthers ovate, blunt, -1 in. long, with
very few glands. Ovary rounded, glabrous; style filiform, 15 in. long.
Berry black, globose, -25 in. in diam., smooth, tipped with the long
slender persistent style.

Perak: Wray 32, 402; Scortechim 295, 664; Ridley 5511,
9720; King’s Collector 3247, 6247, 8057; in dense forests in the
mountains from 3,000 feet elevation to the top of Gunong Batu at.
6,700 feet.

42. ARDISIA LONGEPEDUNCULATA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A shrub;
branchlets slender, rusty-pubescent, divaricate. Leaves membranous ;
oblong-lanceolate, long acuminate at apex, attenuate at base; crenulate
with shallow glandular crenatures, margin recurved; glabrous on both
surfaces, pale beneath when dry; glandular dots many, scattered, pro-
minent on the under surface when dry; 4 to 6 in. long, 1:25 in. broad ;
midrib slender; main-nerves 12 to 16 pairs, curved upwards to and
along the margin usually to end in the crenature-glands; secondary
nerves and reticulations obscure; petiole slender, ‘5 in. long, bordered
by the decurrent crisped margins of the blade. Inflorescence a terminal

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 151

pyramidal panicle of long-peduncled racemes, 5 to 6 in. long and
6 to 9 in. broad, branches and rachis all rusty-pubescent; common
peduncle about 1 in. long; branch peduncles 2 to 3 in. long, at right
angles to the rachis and curved upwards ; racemes about ‘5 in. long,
about 8-flowered; pedicels slender, somewhat clavate, twisted, 5 to 1 in.
long; bracteoles subulate, caducous; buds ovoid, acuminate. Calyx-
lobes triangular, blunt, :05 in. long, rusty-pubescent; tube as long.
Corolla-lobes pink, ovate, long acuminate, ‘25 in. long, rusty-pubescent
within, not gland-dotted; tube very short. Stamens much shorter
than corolla-lobes ; anthers oblong, acute ; filaments very short. Ovary
rounded, style subulate, -25 in. long. Berry purplish-black, globose,
*2 in. in diam.

PERAK: at low levels, Wray 296.

43. Arpis1A Matneayi, King & Gamble. A “bush or small tree”
(Wray), ‘slender tree’”’ (Scortechini); branchlets smooth, bark brown,
pith rather small; innovations glandular- pubescent. Leaves mem-
branous; sub-opposite or falsely whorled ; elliptic-obovate or obovate-
lanceolate, attenuately or abruptly acuminate at apex, attenuately cuneate
at base; glabrous on both surfaces except for a few scattered glan-
dular hairs, pale beneath ; margin finely toothed except on the lower
third, the teeth caudate and glandular; 6 to*11 in. long, 2 to 3:5 in.
broad; midrib slender above, thickened below; main-nerves 15 to 20
pairs, irregular in angle and distance, but usually at about 50° with the
midrib, straight for about half-way and then curved to and along the
margin; secondary nerves and reticulations very faint; petiole none
or very short, the base of the leaf almost half stem-clasping.
Inflorescence of slender, 6 to 8 in. long, sparsely glandular-pubescent,
panicles of long peduncled sub-umbellate racemes, from the axils of
upper leaves, of abortive leaves, or of the scars of fallen leaves
below them; common peduncle slender, 2 to 3 in. long; branch
peduncles very slender, divaricate, ‘5 to 1:5 in. long, supported by
linear subulate -2 to -3 in. long bracts; racemes °3 to ‘5 in. long,
8-12-flowered; bracteoles small, subulate; pedicels slender, flattened
above; buds ovoid acute. Calyx-lobes ovate, obtuse, ‘05 to -1 in.
long, recurved in fruit, minutely pubescent, ciliate on the margins.
Corolla-lobes white, ovate, acute or acuminate, ‘15 in. long, glabrous,
gland-dotted. Stamens much shorter than corolla-lobes; filaments
short, dilated at base; anthers oblong, bluntly mucronate, ‘1 in.
long. Ovary rounded, glabrous; style slender, ‘05 in. long. Jerry
red, -3 in. in diam., longitudinally ribbed when dry. A. odonto-
phylla, Wall., var. Maingayi, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. ITT. 526.

Perak: Wray 304, 953, 1597; Scortechini 335, 339; Curtis.

152 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Manacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1016, in the mountains about 4,500 feet and
below.
Although Wray and Scortechini describe this more or less as a, ‘‘ tree,”” Maingay’s

specimen is that of a semi-herbaceous undershrub about 24 in. high, sending out roots
from above the ground-level.

44, ARDISIA THEHFOLIA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small shrub
reaching 3 feet in height; branchlets brown, smooth, the uppermost
parts and innovations rusty-glandular-pubescent. Leaves chartaceous ;
elliptic, long acuminate at apex, acuminate at base; alternate or sub-
opposite or falsely whorled; minutely glandular-pubescent on both
surfaces, scaly beneath; margins recurved, finely toothed except on
the lower third and on the acumination, the teeth erect, glandular ; glan-
dular dots very numerous and prominent on both surfaces; 2 to 3 in. long,
-7 to 1:2 in. broad; midrib slender; main-nerves 10 to 14 pairs, close,
curved upwards to near the margin, reticulations obscure; petiole
‘4 in. long, bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade. Injlor-
escence a 1°5 to 2°5 in. long panicle with short racemose branches in the
axil of a leaf or of a subulate :2 in. long linear abortive leaf between the
leaves on the upper part of the branches ; branches ‘5 in. long, slender,
divaricate ; bracteoles minute, linear; flowers 2 to 5 in each raceme,
buds ovoid. Calyxz-lobes 5, rounded, ‘05 in. long, ciliate. Corolla-lobes
5, white, ovate, acute or obtuse, ‘15 in. long, gland-dotted. Stamens as
long as corolla-lobes; filaments very short; anthers broadly oblong,
mucronate. Ovary rounded, gradually produced in an erect or curved
style, -1 in. long. Berry pyriform or nearly globose, ‘2 in. in diam.,
smooth, slightly ribbed when dry.

Perak: on Ulu Batang Padang at 4,900 feet, Wray 1513;
Scortechim.

45. ARDISIA ODONTOPHYLLA, Wall. Cat. 2279 (1829) (not of Lindl.) ;
A. DC. Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 125, t. VI., Prod. VIII. 1385; Clarke in
Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 525; Mez Monog. Myrs. 150. A. pavonina,
Herb. Hamilt. fide DC.in Prod. 1.c.—Distris. India(Assam and Cachar).

Var. Lobbw, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. ITI. 526. An almost
herbaceous undershrub reaching to about 2 feet in height, the stems
rooting from nodes near the base; bark fleshy, pale brown; pith large ;
upper part of stem densely fulvous-villous; leaf-buds small, short.
Leaves membranous, sub-opposite; elliptic or elliptic-oblong or
obovate-lanceolate, acute at apex, cuneate at base and sometimes
slightly rounded ; the margins sharply serrate except for a short dis-
tance near the base; glabrous above except on the hirsute midrib, rusty-
tomentose beneath, the midrib and main-nerves usually ferruginous-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 153

villous on the lower surface; glands scattered, not prominent; 4 to
8 in. long, 1:5 to 3-5 in. broad; midrib thick, prominent; main-nerves
8 to 12 pairs, prominent, irregular in distance and angle, curving
upwards to and along the margin; secondary nerves few, reticulations
transverse ; petiole variable, stout, -4 to 1 in. long, ferruginous-villous,
rarely glabrescent. Inflorescence of short (under 1 in. long) lax, few-
flowered, pubescent, simple or compound, umbellate racemes, from the
axils of leaves below the summit or of a linear subulate abortive leaf
about -5 in. long; peduncles slender, -5 to 2 in. long; pedicels slender,
‘3 to ‘7 in. long, recurved; bracteoles short, subulate; buds ovoid.
Calyz-lobes ovate, obtuse, ciliate, -1 in. long, slightly pubescent, marked
with faint brown strize; tube short. Corolla-lobes pink, ovate, obtuse
or bluntly acuminate, -15 to -2 in. long, unequal, marked with many
light brown linear and round glands; tube short. Stamens half the
length of the petals; anthers broad, oblong, ‘1 in. thick, emarginate ;
filaments very stout. Ovary ovoid, gradually narrowed into a slender
subulate style ‘1 in. long, the top of the ovary and base of the style
short pubescent. Berry globose, scarlet, fleshy, -25 in. in diam.,
smooth.

PERAK: Wray 2285, 2975; King’s Collector 2583, 2978, 3053, 7367.
Senaneor: Ridley 7560. Pauana: Adley 2270, 5825. Sincapore:
Lobb 316, an undershrub of dense forests in wet localities.

Ridley’s Pahang specimens have smaller leayes and longer calyx-lobes, with fewer-
flowered inflorescences, the whole plant more thickly fulvous-villous, but do not seem
capable of separation.

46. ARDISIA BAMBUSETORUM, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small semi-
herbaceous shrub 1 to 2 feet high; stem pale brown about -25 in. in
diam., bark spongy, pith large. Leaves membranous ; oblong or oblong-
lanceolate or obovate-oblong, acute at apex, narrowly attenuate at base
and slightly rounded; glabrous on both surfaces, slightly scaly only
beneath ; glands few, scattered, chiefly near the margin; margins very
briefly and irregularly toothed, usually recurved; 4 to 6 in. long,
1 to 1-5 in. broad; midrib slender; main-nerves 8 to 10 pairs, starting
at an angle of about 50° with the midrib, curved upwards, and often
branching, to and along the margin, where they anastomose in a rough
intramarginal nerve; secondary nerves few, reticulations oblique;
petiole -4 to ‘6 in. long, channelled above. Inflorescence of lateral
pedunculate racemes 1 to 1:5 in. long supported by a linear abortive
leaf -5 in. long; peduncle ‘7 to -8 in. long, raceme the same;
bracteoles small subulate about -1 in. long; pedicels slender,
clavate, -4 to 5 in. long recurved; buds ovoid; flowers white.

154 Flora of the Malayan Pennsula.

Calyz-lobes 5, linear-oblong, acute, reflexed, ‘05 to -07 in. long, not
gland-dotted. Corolla-lobes ovate-oblong, -15 in. long, dotted with
elongated brown glands. Stamens shorter than the corolla-lobes;
filaments short; anthers oblong, obtuse, emarginate, -1 in. long. Ovary
rounded, glabrous; style slender, curved, ‘lin. long. Fruit not seen.
PERAK: In dense bamboo forest, King’s Collector 10095.
This is scarcely more than a var. of A. odontophylla, but is recognised by the

somewhat different leaves, white flowers, glabrous ovary and style, and the absence of
fulvous tomentum.

6. ANTISTROPHE, A. DC.

Slender shrubs, with puberulous branchlets. Leaves alternate,
entire or dentate, lanceolate, acuminate, glandular, petiole margined.
Flowers hermaphrodite, in sub-sessile axillary umbels or solitary,
pedicels slender, bracts small. Calyx small, 5-lobed, persistent; lobes
acute, imbricate. Corolla deeply 5-cleft ; lobes lanceolate acuminate,
overlapping to the left in bud. Stamens 5, inserted on the throat of the
corolla; filaments short; anthers free, hastate-lanceolate, the connective
produced upwards in a membranous tip, cells dehiscing longitudinally
and introrsely. Ovary ovoid, attenuated in a filiform style, stigma
punctiform; ovules many on a globose central placenta. Fru a
globose berry, pericarp coriaceous, endocarp chartaceous. Seed 1,
albumen ruminated ; embryo cylindric, transverse.—Distrip. Species
4, Indian and Malayan.

Inflorescence 1-2-flowered, glabrous; leaves caudate acuminate .. 1. A. caudata.
Inflorescence 4—6-flowered, hirsute; leaves short acuminate .. -. 2. A. Curtisii.

1. ANTISTROPHE CAUDATA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A shrub or
small tree; branches smooth, divaricate, nearly glabrous; branchlets
puberulous, with faint raised lines from the bases of the leaf-petioles ;
innovations rusty-pubescent. Leaves membranous; elliptic-lanceolate,
caudate-acuminate at apex, attenuate or somewhat rounded at base;
entire or undulate on the margins; glabrous on the upper, minutely
puberulous or glabrous and with pale peltate scales on the lower, surface ;
glandular dots very many, scattered, prominent; 3 to 4 in. long, 1 to
2 in. broad; midrib slender, conspicuous below; main-nerves 8 to 12
pairs, prominent beneath, at an angle of about 60° with the midrib,
arching upwards, forking and obscurely anastomosing near the margin,
the lowest pair of nerves more oblique than the rest; secondary nerves
short, slender, reticulations indistinct; petiole -1 to ‘2 in. long, edged
by the decurrent margins of the blade which are almost connivent
above. Inflorescence of short, axillary, usually only 1-2-flowered sub-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 155

sessile umbels, with very minute bracts; pedicels slender, clavate,
‘4 in. long; buds conical, long acuminate, °3 in. long, glabrous. Calyx-
lobes ovate, acute, 05 in. long, ciliate on the edges, gland-dotted in two
central lines. Corolla-lobes ovate, long-caudate-acuminate, ‘3 in. long,
glabrous, dotted with few elongate glands. Stamens inserted at the
base of the corolla-lobes and nearly as long as them (-25 in.); anthers
sagittate-lanceolate with prominent rows of glands on the back, con-
nective produced upwards in a membranous tip. Ovary ovoid, glabrous;
style subulate, -25 in. long, very slender. erry globose, -25 in. in
diam., smooth, obscurely vertically striate.

Perak: at Gunong Batu Pateh, 3,400 feet, Wray 456, 978, 3242;
Curtis 3324.

This species at first sight resembles A. oxyantha, A. DC., of North-East India, but
has smaller and differently-veined leaves, with different glands and smaller flowers.

2. ANTISTROPHE CuRTISII, King & Gamble, n. sp. A shrub (?);
branchlets round, rusty-glandular-hirsute, zigzag, with faint raised lines
from the bases of the petioles of the leaves ; innovations densely rusty-
glandular-hirsute. Leaves membranous; elliptic or elliptic-oblong, acu-
minate at apex, rounded at base, entire; nearly glabrous above except
on the midrib, sparsely rusty-hirsute beneath; 3:5 to 5 in. long, 1°5
to 2 in. broad; midrib slender, raised beneath; main-nerves about
10 pairs, at about an angle of 50° with the midrib, curved upwards,
forked and broadly anastomosing near the margin, lowest pair not
more oblique than the others; secondary nerves and reticulations
obscure ; petiole -2 in. long, crispedly channelled above. Injlorescence
of densely rusty-hirsute, sub-sessile, axillary, 4—6-flowered, umbellate
racemes, ‘1 to ‘15 in.. long; bracteoles subulate, ‘05 in. long; pedicels
slender, ‘3 to ‘5 in. long; buds caudate-acuminate, -3 in. long. Calyx-
lobes linear subulate, -1 in. long, densely rusty-hirsute. Corolla-lobes
ovate at base, long caudate-acuminate, -3 in. long, scarcely dotted,
3—d-nerved, sparsely hirsute without. Stamens rather shorter than the
corolla-lobes, connivent in a cone; anthers sessile, lanceolate sagittate,
the back with 2 rows of prominent round or elongate glands, the
connective produced in a blunt membranous tip. Ovary ovoid, style
slender, as long as anthers. Berry not seen.

PeERAK: in Kuran Valley, below the gap, 4,000 feet, Curis 3390.

7. AlGICERAS, Gaertn.

Sea-coast shrubs, or small trees; branches cylindric, glabrous.
Leaves scattered, petioled, entire, glabrous, alternate. Flowers large

156 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

(for the Order) white, pedicellate, without bracteoles, in terminal or
axillary umbels or panicles, pedicels slender. Calyx 5-lobed; lobes
obtuse, coriaceous, twisted to the left, overlapping to the right; tube
none. Corolla with short tube; lobes 5, acute, overlapping to the right
in bud, afterwards recurved. Stamens 5, inserted on the corolla-tube ;
filaments elongate, connate into a tube below; anthers with transversely
septate cells, cordate-lanceolate, introrse, dehiscing longitudinally.
Ovary fusiform, narrowed into an elongated style; stigma acute;
ovules many, immersed in a central globose placenta. Fruit cylindric,
curved, acute, coriaceous, l-seeded; pericarp coriaceous, afterwards
splitting, testa membranous. Seed elongate, exalbuminous; radicle
inferior, enlarged at the base, joined with the cotyledons into a cylindric
tube; germination often taking place while still on the plant, as in
some Rhizophoree.—Distris. Two species, of the sea-coasts of
India, Burma, the Malay Peninsula and Islands, to South China and
tropical Australia.

Aiaiceras magus, Gaertn. Fruct. I. 216, t. 46, fig. 1 (1788). A
shrub or small tree reaching 15 to 20 feet in height, evergreen, all
parts glabrous; branches greyish-black, smooth; branchlets reddish.
Leaves coriaceous; obovate, rounded obtuse or emarginate at apex
sometimes even obcordate, cuneate at base, margins recurved; glan-
dular dots many, inconspicuous; 1:5 to 3°5 in. long, 1 to 1:5 in.
broad; midrib slender, raised above or sometimes depressed; main-
nerves about 10 pairs, slender, raised above, straight at first then
curving upwards; secondary nerves slender, few, reticulations not
prominent; petiole -2 to ‘3 in. long, thick, bordered by the decurrent
margins of the blade. Inflorescence a terminal, axillary or leaf-opposed
many- (15 to 20) flowered umbel, sessile or very short peduncled;
bracts oblong-lanceolate, deciduous; pedicels slender, °3 to 5 in. long;
buds conical. Calyx-lobes concave, gibbous at the base, broadest at
top, ‘25 in. long, 15 in. broad, with parallel veins and scattered black
dots in the lower part. Corolla-lobes ovate, acuminate, glabrous,
parallel-veined, -25 in. long, recurved; tube as long as lobes, villous
hairy within. Stamens longer than corolla-lobes, exsert; filaments
connate half-way up, linear, connate part densely villous, free part
glabrous -2 in. long; anthers -1 to -15 in. long, dorsifixed, cells pro-
minently septate. Ovary ovoid, surmounted by a subulate angular
style, ‘3 in. long, black-gland-dotted below. Frwit a long acuminate
pale brown capsule, up to 3 in. long, ‘25 in. in diam., glabrous. Seed 1,
elongate, filling the capsule, embryo inverse, funicle very long. Willd.
Sp. Pl. I. 1185; Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. TV. 511; Roxb. Fl. Ind.
III. 180; A.DC. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 2, XVI. t. 94, and Prod. VIII.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 157

142; Wight Icon. t. 146; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 1031; Scheff. Myrs.
97; Benth. Fl. Austral. IV. 277; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 137;
Bedd. Fl. Sylv. CXXXIX. Anal. pl. XIX. III.; Clarke in Hook. f.
FI, Br. Ind. III. 533; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 74; Cooke Fl. Bomb.
My 88; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. V. 276; Pax in Engl. & Prantl
Pflanzentam. LV. i. 97, fig. 57; Schimp. Strandfl. 44, figs. 1, 2;
Prain Beng. Pl. 645.. 4. fragrans, Koenig Ann. of Bot. I. 129,
t. 8; Wall. Cat. 2326; Wight in Hook. Bot. Mise. III. 84, t. 21.
4a. minus, A. DC. le. 142. A. Malaspinea, DC. l.c. 1438. Af.
obovatum, Blume Bijdr. 693. 4. corniculatum, Blanco Fl. Filip. 79 ;
Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. Il. 227 and For. Fl. IIT. 114;
Mez Monog. Myrs. 55, fig. 8. EKhizophora cormculata, Linn. Sp. Pl.
Hd. 3 (1764), 635. “ Pou-Kandel,’ Rheede Hort. Mal. VI. 36. Mangiwm
fruticosum corniculatum, Rumph. Herb. Amb. IIT. 117.

Penane: Wallich 2326; Curtis 52, 513. PERax: King’s Collector
4961. Matacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1017; Griffith (K.D.) 3538. Sinea-
PoRE: Ridley 2801a, 36324.—DistRiB. Sea-coast of India from Sind to
Ceylon, the Sundarbans, Burma, and the Andaman Islands; eastwards
to the Malay Islands, South China, the Philippines and Australia.
One of the coast plants included under the general name of
“‘ Mangroves.”

Order LXXI. SAPOTACEHA.

Trees or shrubs, with milky juice, generally evergreen, young parts
often rusty-tomentose. Leaves alternate, rarely sub-opposite, coriaceous
or rarely membranous, entire, penniveined; stipules none or very
caducous. lowers usually hermaphrodite, small or medium-sized,
solitary or fascicled in the axils of the leaves, sometimes (Sarcosperma)
paniculate; bracts and bracteoles very small or wanting. Calyx
inferior, persistent or deciduous; lobes 4 to 8, much imbricate,
occasionally biseriate with the outer ones valvate. Corolla gamo-
petalous; tube short, campanulate or urceolate; lobes as many as,
or 2 to 4 times as many as, those of the calyx. Stamens inserted
on the corolla-tube in 1 to 2 series and opposite to them, sometimes
alternating with staminodes; filaments short, erect; anthers ovate-
lanceolate or linear-sagittate, 2-celled, the connective sometimes pro-
duced. Disk hypogynous, often inconspicuous or wanting. Ovary
superior, sessile, often villous, 2-5- or more celled; style shortly conical
or elongate-subulate, glabrous; stigma terminal, punctiform; ovules
solitary in the cells, attached to the inner angle. fruit an indehiscent,
1-8-seeded berry, pericarp usually fleshy. Seeds, if solitary, conform to

12

158 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

the fruit; if more than one compressed, ellipsoid; hilum conspicuous ;
testa usually crustaceous, shining; embryo straight, exalbuminous with
fleshy cotyledons, or albuminous with flat cotyledons ; radicle inferior,
usually small.—Distris. About 320 species, in the tropical regions of
the whole world, genera about 24.

Calyx-lobes 1-seriate, imbricate ; stamens 5 to 6:—

Staminodes none .. a ye ae aie 60 .. 1. CaRysoPHYLLUM.
Staminodes present :—
Flowers sessile or in panicles .. a0 or: 20 .. 2. SARCOSPERMA.
Flowers in axillary fascicles .. 46 ae ve .. 3. SIDEROXYLON.

Calyx-lobes 2-seriate, outer series valvate :—
Calyx segments 4 :—
Seeds albuminous :—

Stamens 8 as Yd ee we sue ae .. 4, ISONANDRA.
Stamens 12 or more .. Se te es Be .. 5. PAayENA.
Seeds exalbuminous, stamens 12 or more sh ie .. 6. Bassta.
Calyx segments 6 to 8 :—
Staminodes none, seeds exalbuminous.. a ae .. 7. PawLaguium.
Staminodes present, seeds albuminous .. O10 a .. 8. Mimusops.

1. CuRYsoPHYLLUM, Linn.

Trees with milky juice. Leaves coriaceous, glabrous or pubescent
on the under-surface, main-nerves usually very many, thin; stipules
none. flowers small, in axillary fascicles, usually hermaphrodite.
Calyx 5-T-lobed; lobes subequal, imbricate. Corolla tubular-cam-
panulate or sub-rotate, 5—-7-lobed; lobes imbricate, entire. Stamens
equal in number with, and opposite to, the corolla-lobes, attached
to the tube or the base of the lobes; filaments subulate or filiform ;
anthers ovate or triangular, extrorse or laterally dehiscing; staminodes
none. Ovary villous, 5-, rarely 6—7-celled, style glabrous; ovules one
in each cell, attached to the central placenta. Fruit a fleshy or
‘coriaceous berry, globose, 5-celled or less by abortion. Seeds large ;
testa very hard, dull or shining; hilum conspicuous; embryo as large
as the seed, erect, cotyledons flat in fleshy albumen, radicle inferior.—
Distris. About 60 species, chiefly tropical American, a few only in
Asia, Africa and Australia.

CHRYSOPHYLLUM RoxpurGuil, G. Don Gen. Syst. IV. 33 (1837).
A slender, erect tree reaching 40 to 60 ft.in height, evergreen ; branches
horizontal; bark smooth, grey; young branchlets and innovations
ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves coriaceous, glabrous, alternate ; oblong-
lanceolate, suddenly caudate-acuminate at the apex which is some-
times obtuse, cuneate at base and unequal, undulate on the margins;
3 to 6 in. long, 1:25-2 in. broad; midrib slender, prominent

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 159

beneath ; main-nerves very numerous, parallel, nearly at right angles
to midrib, meeting in an intramarginal nerve; secondary nerves
similar, reticulations slanting; petiole thick, -25 in. long, pubescent.
Flowers small, in rounded axillary fascicles; pedicels slender, -1 to
‘2 in. long, ferruginous-pubescent. Calyx-lobes 5, ovate, glabrous
or pubescent outside, thick, ciliate on the margins, ‘07 to ‘1 in.
long; tube short. Corolla tubular-campanulate, -1 in. long; lobes 5,
short, ciliate on the margins. Stamens 5, shorter than the corolla,
opposite the corolla-lobes and inserted on the base of the tube;
filaments slender; anthers ovate, apiculate and ending in a minute
tuft of hairs, extrorse, slits somewhat lateral. Ovary rounded, obscurely
5-lobed, surrounded by a thick tuft of long ferruginous hairs; style
thick, cylindro-conical, glabrous; cells 5. Fruit a globose or obscurely
5-lobed berry 1 to 15 in. in diam., strongly 5-lobed when dry,
ferruginous-tomentose when young afterwards smooth, yellowish-
green, with thick glutinous pulp. Seeds ‘6in. long, ‘din. broad,
flattened, the outer edge curved, the inner nearly straight; hilum
oblong, conspicuous, pale; testa very hard, thick, shining, chestnut-
brown; embryo erect, cotyledons flat, -4in. broad, ovate, obtuse,
3-nerved; radicle large, cylindric. A. DC. Prod. VIII. 162; Clarke
in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 535; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 236; Kurz
For. Fl. II. 118 and in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. (1877) 228;
Trimen FI. Ceyl. III. 76; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 138; Cooke Bomb.
Fl. IT. 88; Burek Ann. Gard. Buit. V. i. (1886), 4; Koord. & Val.
Bijdr. I. 130. C. acuminatum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. I. 599; Wall. Cat. 4160
(not of Lamk.). C. lanceolatum, A. DC. le.; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT.
1035. C. javanicum, Steud. Nom. Ed. Il. i. 359. Nycteristition
lanceolatum, Bl. Bijdr. 676.

Manacea: Griffith (K.D.) 3600; Maingay (K.D.) 980; Goodenough
1739. Stneapore: Ridley 2756, 5837.—Distris. British India;
Burma; Java; Sumatra.

Curtis No, 1072, collected at Batu Ferengy, Penang, and now in the Kew
Herbarium, seems to be a new species of Chrysophyllum. The leaves are chartaceous,
lanceolate, acuminate at both ends, glabrous, shining, 2 to 4 in. long, °75 to
1 in. broad, the veins indistinct. Flowers unknown. Fruit a fleshy berry, ‘5 in.
in diam., 5-lobed when dry, glabrous. Seeds -4 in. long, :25 in. broad, rounded on
the outside, narrowed and somewhat concave within; testa hard, dark chestnut-
brown, shining; hilum narrow. It might be called C. Curtisii, n. sp., King &
Gamble.

2. SARCOSPERMA, Hook. f.

Glabrous trees. Leaves coriaceous or chartaceous, opposite and
alternate, oblong; stipules caducous. lowers small, sessile or fascicled

160 Flora of the Malayan Penimsula.

on the branches of a simple or compound panicle, sessile or shortly
pedicellate; bracteoles minute. © Calyx-lobes 5, rounded, sub-equal,
much imbricate. Corolla broadly campanulate ; tube short; lobes 5,
rounded, entire, much imbricate. Stamens 5, inserted on the tube of
the corolla and opposite to its lobes; filaments very short; anthers
obtuse, laterally or extrorsely dehiscing. Staminodes 5, small, subulate
or rounded. Ovary glabrous, 1—2-celled; style short ; stigma somewhat
lobed, capitate. Fruit an ellipsoid berry, 1-2-seeded; pericarp
coriaceous, scarcely thick. Seeds 1-2; testa crustaceous; hilum nearly
basal; albumen none; embryo fleshy.—Distris. Species 3, in North-
East India, Burma, Malaya and S. China.

SARCOSPERMA PANICULATUM, Stapf & King in Hook. f. Ic. Plant.
t. 2690 (1901). A tree, reaching 50 to 70 feet in height and 18 to 20in. in
diam.; branchlets thick, dark brown, glabrous. Leaves chartaceous ;
sub-opposite, elliptic-oblong, bluntly acuminate at apex, acute or rounded
or often rhomboid at base; glabrous on both surfaces, nearly black
when dry ; 4 to 8:5 in. long, 1:5 to 3 in. broad; midrib slender; main-
nerves 7-8 pairs, slender, distant, often nearly 1 in. apart, starting at
an angle of about 60° with the midrib and at once curving upwards to
and along the margin; secondary nerves many and, like the transverse:
reticulations, inconspicuous ; glandular pits in the axils of most of the
main-nerves; petiole ‘5 to -7 in. long, channelled above and with two
minute rounded auricles below the blade. lowers solitary or clustered
on the branches of a leafy compound panicle of racemes, the racemes
often 2 in. long; bracteoles minute, triangular; pedicels rarely reaching
‘05 in. in length, stout; buds globose. Calyx-lobes 5, imbricate,
rounded, usually 3 larger with somewhat scarious margins, 2 smaller
thicker and slightly acute, shortly campanulate. Corolla-lobes 5,
closely imbricate, rounded, glabrous, 05 in. long, the margins revolute ;
tube as long as lobes. Stamens 5, inserted on the top of the tube;
filaments very short; anthers ovate, rounded, introrse, or laterally
dehiscing. Staminodes alternating with the stamens, minute, nearly
orbicular, crenulate. Ovary conical, furrowed; style very short, thick,
stigma capitate, minutely 2-4-lobed. Frwit drupaceous, ellipsoid,
seeds, 1-2. Bracea paniculata, King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng.
APY ar OT

Perak: Scortechini; King’s Collector 7970, 8086, 10284, 10554,
10672, 10835; among large bamboos, on river-banks, or in mixed
forest.

3. SIDEROXYLON, Linn.

Trees or shrubs, sometimes armed, with milky juice. Leaves
coriaceous or thinner, entire, alternate; stipules none. Flowers

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 161

small, in fascicles in the axils of the leaves or of the scars of fallen
leaves, sub-sessile or shortly pedicelled. Calyx of 5-6 imbricate,
usually orbicular and obtuse segments. Corolla campanulate, or
tubular-campanulate, with 5 or rarely 6 lobes, the lobes imbricate.
Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes and opposite to them, attached
to the tube or at its base; filaments linear, usually short ; anthers ovate
or lanceolate ; staminodes alternating with the stamens, lanceolate.
Ovary usually villous, with 5 or fewer cells; style cylindric; stigma
small; ovules erect, placentas axile. Frwt an ovoid or globose fleshy
berry, 5- or less-seeded, usually with one seed only. Seeds compressed,
generally solitary; testa hard, crustaceous, usually shining; hilum
oblong or linear ; embryo erect, cotyledons flat or thickened, in fleshy
albumen ; radicle short, inferior.—Distris. About 60 species, mostly
of tropical regions in both hemispheres, a few only extratropical in
South Africa or Australasia.

Leaves more than 3 in. broad, gi when dry, main-nerves

very prominent .. ee -. IL. S. malaccense.
Leaves under 3 in. broad, peed or crown nen dry :—
Leaves nearly glabrous, membranous, obovate-acuminate .. 2. S. Maingayi.

Leaves pubescent beneath, at least on the nerves :-—
Corolla-tube longer than the lobes; leaves ei. grey- in
beneath : : 3. S. Derryanum.
Corolla-tube aherer hom the lobes :—
Leaves obovate, main-nerves not very prominent or

regular ay . A, §. ferrugineum.
Leaves oblong- nsgnesaliiia, main-nerves very suave el
regular ae oc ae ae -- O. S. firmum.

SPECIES IMPERFECTLY KNOWN: 6. S. Wallichianwmn.

1. SIDEROXYLON MALACCENSE, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III.
537 (1882). A large tree, reaching 40 to 60 feet in height ; branches pale
brown; ultimate branchlets ferruginous-pubescent, as are the leaf-buds
and young leaves. Leaves coriaceous; often, not always, crowded
towards the ends of the branchlets ; obovate-oblong, rounded or shortly
acute at apex, somewhat cuneate at base; deep-green above, pale
bluish-green beneath, yellow when dry, densely rusty-pubescent beneath
when young, glabrous on both surfaces when old except for rusty hairs
on the midrib and main-nerves beneath; 6 to 8 in. long, 3 to 4:5 in.
broad; midrib very thick and prominent; main-nerves 8-14 pairs, very
prominent, starting at about an angle of 60° with the midrib, parallel at
first, ultimately arched upwards; reticulations not prominent, obliquely
joining the main-nerves; petiole 1 to 1:5 in. long, thick, enlarged at
base, bordered above by the slightly decurrent margins of the blade.
Flowers fasciculate, shortly pedicelled, in the axils of the leaves, above

162 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

the scars of fallen leaves or on the rey -old wood below the leaves and
shoots of the year; pedicels -1 to -2 in. long, rusty-tomentose. Calyx-
lobes 5, imbricate, 15 to -2 in. long, densely rusty-pubescent without,
rounded. Corolla tubular-campanulate, -15 in. long, absent in
flowers; lobes very short, obtuse, imbricate. Stamens attached to
the base of the corolla-tube ; anthers ovate, apiculate, opening by side-
slits ; staminodes linear-lanceolate. Ovary thickly rusty-pubescent,
flattened at top, obscurely 5-lobed, 5-celled; style cylindric. Berry
fleshy, somewhat oblong, rounded, tipped with the persistent style,
thickly covered with velvety orange-red tomentum and about °5 in. in
diam. Seeds not accurately known.

Prenane: Curtis 1452. Perak: Wray 136; King’s Collector 6550.
Mauacca: Maingay (K.D.) 994; Holmberg 704. Srncarore: fidley
6130, 6499; Cantley 89.

Mr. Cantley says that this tree gives the true ‘‘ Daru-daru” or ‘‘ Dedaru” wood of
the Malay Peninsula.

2. SipEROxYLON Marneayti, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 536
(1882). A tree with rusty-pubescent branchlets and young shoots.
Leaves membranous; crowded towards the ends of the branchlets;
obovate, shortly acuminate at apex, cuneate at base; rusty-pubescent
when young, glabrous when old or rusty-pubescent on the midrib and
main-nerves; 4to Sin. long, 1°5 to3in. broad; midrib prominent; main-
nerves 8 to 11 pairs, starting at an angle of nearly 60° to the midrib,
at first parallel then arching upwards to near the margin; transverse
reticulations more or less parallel; petiole 1 to 1:5 in. long, bordered
by the decurrent margins of the blade. lowers fasciculate, sessile or
with very short pedicels, chiefly on the previous year’s wood below the
leaves and shoots of the year. Calyz-lobes 5, imbricate, rounded,
rusty-pubescent without, -075 to ‘1 im. in diam. Corolla tubular-
campanulate, as long as or rather shorter than the calyx, wanting
in 2 flowers; lobes very short, obtuse, imbricate. Stamens short;
filaments slender; anthers ovate; staminodes linear-lanceolate. Ovary
thickly rusty-pubescent, flattened at top; style cylindric. Berry fleshy,
1:5 in. in diam., ovoid or globular, full of guttapercha. Seeds 4,
compressed, ‘7 in. long by 3 to 35 in. broad; rounded outside, nearly
straight within, the long narrow oblong hilum covering nearly the whole
margin; testa hard, shining, dark chestnut-brown; albumen firm,
white ; cotyledons plane, appressed, elliptic; radicle inferior.

-Neari SempBinan: Ridley 10084. Manacca: cee Y( Ke.) 995:
Hervey. Stnaarore: Ridley 8928, 9223.

The fruit description is chiefly taken from Maingay’s notes in the Kew Herbarium.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 163

3. SmpEROXxYLON DeRRyYANUM, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree;
branchlets grey, uppermost appressed-pubescent; innovations with
nearly black hairs. Leaves chartaceous ; elliptic, very abruptly short-
acuminate at apex, broadly cuneate at base; margins more or less
recurved; glabrous above, densely silvery-pubescent beneath; 3 to
5:5 in. long, 1°5 to 3 in. broad; midrib prominent, impressed above ;
main-nerves 12 to 18 pairs, parallel, starting at an angle of about 75° with
the midrib, meeting near the margin in a faint intramarginal looped
nerye; secondary nerves similar, rather prominent, reticulations few,
obscure; petiole -3 to ‘din. long, channelled above, pubescent with
nearly black hairs. Flowers fascicled, about 5 together in the axils of
_ the leaves or of the scars of fallen leaves; pedicels :25 in long, tawny-
pubescent; buds oblong, conical. Calyz-lobes 5, rounded, obtuse, the
2 outer thick very pubescent, the 3 inner somewhat scarious, pubescent
only on the middle of the back. Corolla campanulate, -2 in. long ; tube
‘15 in. long, glabrous within, with a few sparse hairs without; lobes 5,
ovate, imbricate, margins recurved. Stamens 5, short, inserted at the
top of the tube; filaments conical; anthers ovate-cordate, dehiscing by
side-slits ; staminodes subulate, glabrous. Ovary villous, obscurely
5-lobed, 5-celled ; style very short; stigma obscurely 5-lobed. Berry
oblong, dark blue, glabrous, the top flat and crowned with the
remains of the style, ‘6-7 in. long, l-seeded. Seed oblong, ‘6 in.
long by ‘3 in. in diam. truncate obliquely at the base; testa thick,
light-brown, striate; hilum rather small, sub-basal; albumen thin;
cotyledons thick; radicle small.

Prrak: Derry-Curtis 3641.

The colour of the silvery under-surface of the leaves is difficult to describe—it is
sometimes dark and smoky-looking.

4. SIDEROXYLON FERRUGINEUM, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy.
266, t. 55 (1841). A small tree ; branches rough, ultimate branchlets fer-
ruginous-pubescent like the leaf-buds and young leaves, branchlets with
a raised line downwards from each leaf or scar of a fallen leaf. Leaves

coriaceous; obovate or oblong-lanceolate, rounded or bluntly acute at
apex, attenuate at base; shining above, densely appressed ferruginous-
silky beneath when young, ultimately nearly glabrous ; 2°5 to 6 in. long,
1 to 3 in. broad; midrib prominent; main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, fairly
prominent, especially above, starting at about an angle of 60° with the
midrib, at first nearly parallel then arching upwards to meet near the
margin; secondary nerves similar, reticulations oblique; petiole ‘5 to
‘7 in. long, the edges bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade,
enlarged at base. Flowers fasciculate, shortly pedicelled, in the axils of

164 Flora of the Malayan Pemmnsula.

the leaves or above the scars of fallen leaves on year-old wood below the
leaves and shoots of the year; pedicels ‘1 to -2 in. long, covered like
the obtuse buds with rusty tomentum. Calyz-lobes round, :025 to
‘075 in. in diam., with scarious margins, closely imbricate, rusty-
pubescent outside. Corolla campanulate, ‘1 in. long; tube short; lobes
5, imbricate, rounded, crenulate, sparingly pubescent near the base
within, in ? flowers wanting or deciduous. Stamens very short,
attached to the corolla-tube above the base; filaments linear; anthers
rounded, opening by marginal slits; staminodes subulate or somewhat
hastate, acuminate. Ovary depressed, obscurely 5-lobed, pubescent ;
stigma short, cylindric, with 5 minute punctiform styles. Berry ovoid,
shining ‘35 by ‘3 in., 1-2-seeded. Seeds ovoid, -25 by ‘15 in.; testa
shining, dark brown, thick; hilum large, oblong; albumen thick ;
cotyledons flat. A. DC. Prod. VIII. 178; Clarke in Hook. fil. FI.
Br. Ind. III. 537. 8S. attenwatwm, A. DC. l.e.; Wight Ie. t. 1590;
Kurz For. Fl. IJ. 117, and in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. (1877) .
229. Mimusops ? attenuata, Wall. Cat. 4150.

Kepau: Langkawi, Curtis. Prnane: Curtis 273, 703, 704.
Perak: Scortechint 1463; King’s Collector 1224. Matacca: Maingay
(K.D.) 982; Griffith (K.D.) 3604; Goodenough 1735. SINGAPORE:
Wallich 4150; Lobb 319; Ridley 5648, 5908. A sea-shore tree,
found also by Ridley on Tiuman Island and at Kwala Pahang (Trans.
Linn. Soc. Ser. 2. III. 317).—Distris. Burma, Andaman Islands,
Nicobar Islands, Malay Archipelago to the Philippines and 8. China.

5. SIDEROXYLON FIRMUM, Pierre; Burckin Ann. Jard. Buit. V. 17, tab.
IIT. (1885). A small tree; branchlets thick, striate, brown ; innovations
ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves coriaceous; oblong-lanceolate, shortly
acuminate at apex, narrowly acute at base; glabrous above, rusty-
pubescent on the nerves beneath and on young leaves; margins recurved ;
4 to 5 in. long, 1 to 1°5 in. broad ; midrib strong, prominent, impressed
above; main-nerves 12 to 16 pairs, very prominent, about ‘2 to ‘3 in. apart,
starting at an angle of about 40° with the midrib, parallel, curved near
and along the margin; reticulations transverse, very regular and
prominent; petiole 1 to 1:5 in. long, channelled above and bordered
by the decurrent margins of the blade, rusty-pubescent. Flowers
fascicled, 4 to 6 together in the axils of the leaves; pedicels variable,
*3 to ‘6 in. long, rusty-pubescent, slender in flower, thickened in fruit. .
Calyz-lobes 5, rounded, imbricate, °15 in. long, densely rusty-pubescent,
3 outer thick, 2 inner more or less scarious on the margins. Corolla
campanulate, ‘15 in. long, 5-lobed, glabrous within, slightly hairy
without ; tube rather short; lobes oblong, rounded. Stamens inserted
on the top of the tube; filaments glabrous ; anthers ovate-apiculate ;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 165

staminodes subulate, about -05 in. long. Ovary villous; style clavate,
glabrous. Frwt an oblong or somewhat obovoid berry, depressed at
apex, glabrous, fleshy, supported by the somewhat enlarged persistent
calyx-lobes, seed usually 1. Seed oblong, obtuse above, somewhat
pointed below, little compressed, °6 in. long, *25 in. broad and thick;
testa chestnut-brown, shining, crustaceous ; hilum linear, flat, occupying
nearly the whole inner face of the seed; albumen thick; cotyledons
leafy, flat, oblong, 3-nerved; radicle inferior, pointed. Chrysophyllum
jirmum, Migq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 579.

PenanG: at West Hill, Curtis, 1575.—Distris. Bangka, Teysmann ;
Philippines.

The Bangka specimens have the leaves up to 2°5 in. broad, but in other respects
we find no difference from Teysmann’s type in the Penang plant.

Species IMPERFECTLY KNowN.

6. SIDEROXYLON WaLLIcHIANUM, G. Don Gen. Syst. IV. 28 (1837). A
tree (?); branchlets pale brown, ferruginous-villous as are the inno-
vations. eaves chartaceous; elliptic-obovate, obliquely acuminate at
apex, cuneate at base, crowded towards the ends of the branchlets;
6 to 8 in. long, 3 to 4 in. broad ; midrib thick; main-nerves 6 to 7 pairs,
curved upwards, distant, reticulations prominent; petiole thick, densely
tawny-pubescent. Calyz-lobes apparently 5, short, rounded, rusty-
pubescent. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 1037. S. (?) rugoswm, Wall. Cat.
4158.

The only sheet of this is in the type Herbarium of Wallich’s plants with the
Linnean Society of London. The remains of flowers are very slight, but they seem
to show that the plant belongs to this genus. The note ‘‘a small plant growing on

crocks—flowers white—from the hills”’ attached to the sheet, seems to refer to some
other plant, for the specimen itself has every appearance of having come from a tree.

4, IsonanpRA, Wight.

Trees with milky juice. Leaves coriaceous, entire, alternate,
penniveined, the main-nerves and midrib prominent, the rest usually
rather obscure. lowers small, in axillary shortly pedicellate clusters
in the axils of present or fallen leaves. Calyx of 4 segments, the
two outer opposite, more or less valvate; the two inner also
opposite, imbricate. Corolla tubular, campanulate; lobes 4, much
imbricate, somewhat twisted. Stamens 8, sub-equal, attached near the
base of the corolla, both opposite to and alternate with the lobes;
filaments short; anthers lanceolate, sagittate at base, extrorse ;
staminodes absent. Ovary 4-celled, villous; style linear. Berry
somewhat small, ovoid or oblong with a fleshy pericarp. Seed usually
1 only, scarcely flattened; testa thick, shining, crustaceous; hilum

166 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

lateral, long ; albumen fleshy, cotyledons flat, radicle inferior—DistTR1b.
About 7 species, 6 of which in South India and Ceylon,

1. IsoNANDRA PERAKENSIS, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small tree
reaching 30 to 40 feet in height; ultimate branchlets, leaf-buds and
young leaves appressed greyish-brown-pubescent. Leaves coriaceous ;
obovate-oblong, rounded at the apex, cuneate sometimes un-
equally at the base; the margins reflexed, glabrous and dull above,
thickly brown-pubescent beneath; 2 to 3°5 in. long, 1 to 1:5 in.
broad; midrib prominent; main-nerves 8 to 10 pairs at about 60°
with the midrib, reticulations very inconspicuous; petiole -2 to -3 in.
long, rather stout. Flowers fasciculate, on very short, ‘1 in. long, thick,
angular pedicels in the axils of upper leaves; buds ‘15 in. long, obtuse,
brown-appressed-pubescent. Calyx of 4 lobes, an outer pair and an
inner pair, the outer valvate, the inner shining within, minutely ciliate ;
lobes ‘15 in. long. Corolla 4-lobed; lobes rounded, about equal to the
tube, together about equal to the calyx. Stamens 8, filaments thickened ;
anthers lanceolate, sagittate at base, extrorse. Ovary slightly hairy,
conical, surmounted by a short linear style as long as the calyx; cells 4.
Berry oblong, acute, smooth, -4 to ‘5 in. long. Seeds ellipsoid, acute
at apex, scarcely flattened, 35 by ‘15 in.; hilum large, oblong; testa
dark brown, hard, smooth, shining; albumen fleshy; embryo large,
cotyledons oblong.

Perak: at 1,000 to 1,500 feet elevation, King’s Collector 7138.

DouBTFUL SPECIES.

2. IsoONANDRA RUFA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A _ small tree,
reaching 20 to 30 feet in height and 4 to 6 in. in diam. ; younger
branchlets and innovations densely ferruginous pubescent. Leaves
membranous; obovate, long acuminate sometimes abruptly at apex,
cuneate and finally more or less rounded at base; sparsely pubescent
above when young, nearly glabrous when old; roughly pubescent
beneath, especially on the nerves; 5 to 7 in. long, 1:5 to 2°5 in. broad ;
midrib prominent ; main-nerves 8 to 10 pairs, irregularly distanced, at
first at an angle of about 45° with the midrib, then arching upwards ;
secondary nerves and reticulations prominent; petiole 3 in. long,
slender, rusty-pubescent, channelled above; stipules very short,
subulate, rusty-pubescent, very caducous. Flowers solitary or in
pairs in the axils of the upper leaves or on the upper branchlets,
very small; pedicels slender, ‘25 in. long, recurved. Calyx-lobes 4,
densely ferruginous-pubescent; 2 outer valvate, ovate, -2 in. long;
2 inner imbricate, ovate, somewhat scarious and ciliate on the margins.
Corolla tubular-campanulate ; :2 to ‘25 in. long; tube slender, minutely

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 167

hairy without and near the mouth within ; lobes 6 (?), linear oblong, *1 in.
long, erect. Stamens 6 (?), ‘1 in. long; filaments very slender, villous ;
anthers ovate, penicillate-apiculate. Ovary rounded, glabrous; style
slender, curved, -2in. long. Frwit an oblong berry, about 1 in. long
and ‘din. broad. Seed 1, testa thin, shining.

Prrak: Scortechini 159; King’s Collector 4550, in dense jungle at
500 to 800 feet.

In only one flower were any traces found of the corolla and stamens, and there
seemed to be 6 corolla-lobes instead of 4, and 6 stamens instead of 8. We consider it
best, however, to leave the species here for the present and until better material is
available.

5. Payena, A. DC.

Trees with milky juice. Leaves membranous or chartaceous, often
silky beneath ; stipules caducous. Flowers fascicled, rather few
together, in the axils of the leaves on the upper part of the
branchlets, pedicellate. Calyzx-lobes 4, the 2 outer usually valvate
enclosing the 2 inner generally imbricate. Corolla campanulate ;
tube broad, short; lobes 8, imbricate, in one or two series. Stamens
16, inserted on the corolla-tube; filaments short; anthers usually
extrorse, ovate to linear, connective produced in an acumen; stami-
nodes none. Ovary villous, usually 8-celled; style linear-subulate.
Fruit an oblong or ovoid fleshy berry, few-seeded. Seeds oblong,
usually somewhat compressed; testa crustaceous, shining; hilum
oblong or linear, conspicuous; albumen thin; cotyledons leafy, thin,
flat, nearly as long and broad as the cavity of the seed; radicle inferior,
generally rather conspicuous.—Distris. About 6 to 7 species, found
in the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago.

Flowers large, reaching -75 in. in length :—
Leaves 6 to 9 in. long, silky-pubescent beneath.. .. Ll. P. Maingayi.
Leaves 4 to 5 in. long, glabrous on both surfaces .. 2. P. longipedicellata.
Flowers medium-sized or small, under -75 in. in length :—
Flowers in fascicles near the ends of the branchlets, having
the appearance of a terminal inflorescence :—
Flowers moderate-sized, berry obpyriform, acuminate at
tip zc se se 3c .. 3. P. Haviland.
Flowers small, berry oblong conical, truncate at tip a. 2 459P Meer.
Flowers in fascicles in the axils of the leaves, never appa-
rently terminal :—
Leaves glabrous, pedicels slender, flowers small wo. Pylucida.
Leaves ferruginous-pubescent, pedicels short, flowers
rather large =< : 6. P. dasyphylla.

Spectres ImpeRFectTLy Known.
Leaves sessile .. S. we at soe Uo I2s SOSA

168 _ Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Leaves petiolate :—
Leaves under 4 in. long, obovate or elliptic-obovate, more or
less obtuse .. aE ae ae .. 8. P. obtusifolia.
Leaves over 4 in. long, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate .. 9. P. selangorica.

1. Payena Marneayt, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 547 (1882).
A large guttapercha-yielding tree, reaching 80 feet in height and a con-
siderable girth ; branchlets dark brown, smooth, younger branchlets and
innovations rusty-tomentose; leaf-buds golden pubescent, scales ‘2 to
‘3 in. long, lanceolate. Leaves chartaceous; oblong, acuminate at the apex
sometimes caudately sometimes abruptly, cuneate at the base; glabrous
above except on the midrib, covered beneath with a silky golden-brown
pubescence, afterwards glabrate ; 6 to 9 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad ; mid-
rib prominent, minutely pubescent above or glabrous ; main-nerves 20
to 25 pairs, °3 to ‘5 in. apart, starting at an angle of about 70° with the
midrib, at first parallel, ultimately ending in a looped intramarginal
nerve; secondary nerves between the main-nerves, obscure like the
reticulations ; petiole 1 in. long, bordered above by the decurrent
margins of the blade; stipules linear, subulate, -3 in. long, golden-
pubescent, quickly caducous. Flowers fascicled, 2 to 6 together in
the axils of the leaves; pedicels slender, -75 in. long, up to 1 in. in
fruit and then thickened, clavate, brown-pubescent. Calyz-lobes 4,
“4 to ‘5 in. long, densely brown-pubescent outside; outer pair valvate,
ovate-acute, thick; inner pair imbricate, concave, keeled, acuminate,
rather thin. Corolla white, campanulate, ‘6 to ‘8 in. long, glabrous;
tube about ‘2 in. long; lobes 8, lanceolate, in 2 rows, the outer 4 enclosing
the inner 4. Stamens 16, inserted on the top of the tube, :25 in. long;
filaments thick; anthers as long as filaments, ovate, extrorse, crowned
by a long mucro formed by the produced connective, the mucro ciliate
or truncate or bifid at the apex. Ovary ovoid, pubescent, tapering
into a subulate ‘8 in. long style, cells 8. Frwt an oblong, golden-
pubescent or nearly glabrous berry up to 1°5 in. long by ‘8 in. broad,
crowned by the remains of the persistent style, and supported by the
persistent calyx-lobes, seeds 1 to 2. Seeds oblong, convex on one side,
somewhat concave on the other, 1 to 2 in. long by -5 in. broad and
‘2 in. thick; testa light brown, shining, crustaceous; hilum con-
spicuous, slender; albumen thin; cotyledons oblong rounded, ‘8 in.
long by ‘225 in. broad; radicle rather large, inferior. Pierre
in Bull. Linn. Soc. Par. I. 526. Chrysophyllum ? molle, Wall.
Cat. 4161.

PENANG: Curtis 1565. Perak: Scortechint 172, 346; Wray
3423; King’s Collector 7223, 7918; in open jungle or rich soil from
300 up to 2,000 feet. Manacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3610 ; Maingay (K.D.)

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 169

990; Curtis 3483. Sinaapore: Ridley 6239, 6497. Curtis says it is
the ‘Taban Percha”’ of the Malays.

The drawing of the flower in Engl. & Prantl Naturl. Pflanzen-Fam. IV. i. 132,
fig. 69 A-C seems a little doubtful. The identification of Wall. Cat. 4161 seems also
doubtful, for Payena Maingayi much resembles in leaf Palaquium Gutta var. oblongi-
folia.

2. PAYENA LONGIPEDICELLATA, Brace MS. in Herb. Cale. A tree,
reaching 100 to 130 feet in height; branches slender, silvery-grey,
innovations rusty-pubescent. Leaves chartaceo-coriaceous; oblong or
elliptic-oblong, shortly acuminate at apex, rounded unequally at the
base; glabrous on both surfaces, margins slightly recurved; 4 to 5 in.
long, 1:5 to 2 in. broad; midrib slender, impressed above; main-nerves
about 18 pairs, indistinct, starting at about 85° with the midrib, at first
parallel, near the margin joined in an intramarginal looped nerve ;
secondary nerves nearly as prominent as main-nerves, often branching
backwards, reticulations few, indistinct; petiole ‘7 to ‘8 in. long,
channelled above and bordered by the margins of the decurrent blade ;
stipules small, ovate-acute, rusty-pubescent, very caducous. Flowers
fascicled, 1-3 together, in the axils of lower leaves or of the scars of
fallen leaves; pedicels 1 to 1:5 in. long, slender, curved, striate when
dry, clavate above, puberulous; flower-buds conical, large. Calyx-lobes
4; 2 outer valvate, ovate-acute, thick, -5 in. long, sparsely rusty-
pubescent ; 2 inner lanceolate-acuminate, concave, thickly keeled, ‘6 in.
long, densely tawny-pubescent on the back. Corolla tubular-campanu-
late, *8 in. long; tube °3 in. long, glabrous; lobes 8, 4 outer enclosing
4 inner, ovate-acuminate, glabrous. Stamens 16, inserted in 1 row,
below the top of the tube but alternate ones covered by the others;
filaments very short, slender; anthers 15 in. long, ovate, rusty-hirsute,
extrorse, the connective produced in a broad mucro divided in 2 diverg-
ing lobes at the tip. Ovary oblong, style a little longer than the corolla-
lobes. rwit not known.

Perak: King’s Collector 2940.—Distris. Borneo, Haviland 3035.

3. Payena Havinanni, King & Gamble, n. sp. A large tree (?);
branchlets grey, slender, innovations appressed rusty-pubescent.
Leaves chartaceo-coriaceous ; elliptic, abruptly acuminate at apex, at-
tenuate usually unequally at base; glabrous above, glabrous beneath
except on the midrib which is appressed-rusty-pubescent, margins
recurved; 2°5 to 3 in. long, 1:25 to 1:75 in. broad; midrib slender ;
main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, not very prominent, rather irregular,
starting at about an angle of 60° with the midrib, meeting close to the
margin in an intramarginal looped nerve ; secondary nerves and reticu-
lations scanty but prominent, raised beneath ; petiole -4 to ‘5 in. long,

170 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

channelled above and bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade ;
stipules small, ovate-falcate, densely ferruginous-pubescent. Flowers
fascicled, 3-4 together, in the axils of upper leaves or of terminal
leafless branchlets, giving the appearance of a terminal corym bose
inflorescence; pedicels ‘8 to 1 in. long, densely rusty-pubescent,
recurved; buds ovate, -25 in. long, obtuse. Calyx-lobes 4, outer pair
rounded, thick, appressed pubescent to nearly glabrous; inner pair
thinner, scarious, ciliate. Corolla campanulate, °3 to -4 in. long, longer
than the calyx, glabrous; lobes 8, oblong, cordate at base, crenate or
ciliate on the margins, veined ; tube as longaslobes. Stamens 16, usually
in 2 rows; filaments slender, glabrous; anthers ovate, the connective
broad and produced in a broad glabrous acumen, sharp in bud, flattened
later on. Ovary linear-oblong; style slender, ‘5 in. long. Frwit an
obpyriform fleshy berry, 1:5 in. long and -75 in. broad, surmounted by
the persistent conical style, seed 1. Seed oblong, 1 in. long, ‘6 in. broad,
flattened ; testa crustaceous, shining, chestnut-brown; hilum narrow,
elongated; albumen thick; cotyledons broadly oblong, 5 in. long,
nerved ; radicle rather large, nearly -15 in. long.

Kepaw: Lankawi Island, Ridley 8329. Prunana: Curtis 777.
SincaPorE: Ardley 4959, 9203.—-Distrin. Borneo, Haviland 2098,
2320.

P. Crorxiana, Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Par. I. 524 seems to be this
species or very near it. The following is Pierre’s description :—

A huge tree. Leaves oval or sub-oblong, long acuminate, glabrous ;
2-3 in. long, -3 in. broad; main-nerves 24 to 28, petiole -25 in.
Flowers 3, axillary, sub-terminal; peduncles -2 to ‘3 in. long, ‘6 in. in
fruit. Sepals ovate, ciliate. Corolla-twbhe pubescent without; lobes
oblong, truncate at the apex, ciliate; filaments very short; anthers sub-
oblong with a long connective, obtuse, pilose on both sides. Ovary
8-celled, tomentose, urceolate at the base of the style. Berry oblong,
*8-1:2 in. long, ‘5-6 in. broad, glabrous, 1-seeded; pericarp ‘06 in.
thick ; hilum under -04 in. broad, laterally extended over the whole
height; cotyledons ‘8 in. long; ‘02 in. broad, radicle -14 in. long.

Mauacoa: St. Pol Lias; Mad. Errington de la Croix in Paris Mus.
« Sundek.”’

4, PayvenA LeErit, Benth. & Hook. f.; Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn.
Par. i. 524 (1885). A tree, reaching 80 to 100 feet in height and a con-
siderable girth; branchlets grey, slender ; innovations minutely rusty-
pubescent. Leaves chartaceous; elliptic, abruptly acuminate at apex,
acute or somewhat rounded at base ; upper surface glabrous, shining,
lower surface sparsely pubescent to glabrous; margins undulate, re-
curved; 2 to 4 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad; midrib prominent, impressed

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 171

above; main-nerves 14 to 18 pairs, slender, about ‘2 in. apart, incon-
spicuous, more or less parallel, starting at an angle of about 80° with the
midrib, straight almost to the margin where they are connected by a
looped intramarginal nerve ; secondary nerves many, forking backwards,
reticulations faint ; petiole slender, 75 in. long, channelled above by the
decurrent margins of the blade ; stipules short, subulate, pubescent, very
caducous. Flowers fascicled, 3-4 together, in the axils of upper leaves,
or on terminal leafless branchlets, giving the impression of a terminal
inflorescence ; pedicels slender, -4 in. long, pubescent. Calyx-lobes 4,
‘15 in. long, the 2 outer ovate-valvate, minutely pubescent ; the 2 inner
ovate, truncate at apex, almost scarious on the margins, pubescent,
imbricate. Corolla campanulate ; tube ‘05 in. long, glabrous ; lobes 8,
imbricate, the 4 rather smaller outer embracing the 4 larger inner,
ovate-obtuse, ‘15 in. long. Stamens 16, inserted in one row on the top
of the corolla-tube, those opposite the lobes longer than and behind
those alternate with them ; filaments very short, hairy ; anthers ovate,
075 in. long, extrorse, the connective produced in a rather thick
penicillate mucro. Ovary villous, depressed, obscurely 8-lobed; style
subulate, glabrous above, pubescent below, °2 in. long; cells 8. Fruit
an ovate-oblong conical reddish-green berry, 1:5 to 1:75 in. long,
obscurely ribbed and rough, at first tipped with the conical remains
of the style, afterwards truncate seed 1. Seed 1 in. long, about
‘4 in. broad, oblong ; testa thin crustaceous, dark brown; hilum long,
narrow; albumen thin; cotyledons oblong, ‘85 in. long, -35 in. broad,
faintly 3-nerved; radicle small, inferior. Kurz in Journ. As. Soe.
Beng. XL. (1871) II. 69; Burck in Ann. Jard. Buit. V. (1885) 56, tab.
VIII. ; Engl and Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. i. 133, fig. 70. Kerate-
phorus Leer, Hassk. Retzia I. (1856) 101; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT.
1039. Azaola Leeru, Teysm. & Binnend. in Nat Tijdschr. Neerl.
ind V1. 116.

PERAK: Wray 1539, at 4,900 feet on Batang Padang; King’s
Collector 523. Stnecapore: Cantley 20.—Distris. Sumatra, Bangka,
Borneo (?), Amboina. Vern. “‘Getah Sundek.’ It gives a second-rate
variety of guttapercha.

To this species probably belong Ridley 11313, Curtis 3631, and David 10857,
all apparently from Sumatra—Vern. ‘‘Getah Sundi.” The specimens have
leaves only.

Curtis’ No. 3640 ‘‘Getah Sundek’’ from the Dindings is either this species
or P. Havilandi; but the fruit is globose, not elongate or obconical. It seems,
however, to have been more or less attacked by insects, and may not show its
proper shape.

5. Payena tucipa, A. DC. Prod. VIII. 197 (1844). An evergreen tree

172 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

reaching a height of 60 feet and considerable girth; branchlets
slender, dark brown, innovations rusty-tomentose. Leaves chartaceous;
elliptic, elliptic-oblong or elliptic-lanceolate, obtusely and rather
abruptly caudate-acuminate at apex, acute at base and unequal-sided ;
glabrous on both surfaces, the margins slightly recurved; 4 to 5 in.
long, 1:5 to 2 in. broad; midrib prominent, slender; main-nerves
10 to 12 pairs, not prominent, rather irregular, ‘3 to -4 in. apart, starting
at an angle of about 60° with the midrib, straight at first, arching near
the margin to meet in a looped intramarginal nerve; secondary nerves
and reticulations rather scanty; petiole -4 in. long, channelled above ;
stipules very minute, linear, silky-pubescent, caducous. Flowers
fascicled, 1 to 4 together, in the axils of upper leaves; pedicels slender,
‘7 to ‘8 in. long, somewhat clavate, minutely silky; buds conical, ‘1 to
‘2 in. long. Calyx-lobes 4, 2 outer valvate, thick, enclosing 2 inner,
broad, ovate, obtuse, ciliate, often scarious on the margins, -2 in. long.
Corolla white, campanulate, -2 to °3 in. long; tube short; lobes 8,
oblong, obtuse or rounded in 2 rows, 4 outer enclosing 4 inner.
Stamens 16, ‘12 in. long; filaments short, thick; anthers ovate, the
connective produced into an obtuse, glabrous, often bifid acumen, cells
extrorse. Ovary villous, rounded ; style subulate, glabrous, °3 in. long,
6-celled. Hrwt an cbhlong, ferruginous-pubescent berry, 1 to 1:5 in.
long, ‘7 in. broad, 1-seeded. Seed oblong, bluntly acute at both ends,
flattened, ‘8 in. long, ‘5 in. broad, ‘3 in. thick; testa chartaceous,
chestnut-brown, shining; hilum about -15 in. broad occupying the
whole inner edge; albumen thick; cotyledons oblong, thin, flat, faintly
nerved as the leaves, ‘6 in. long, -4 in. broad; radicle rather large,
inferior. Kurz For. Fl. IJ. 121, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XL. 1. 69, and
XLVI. ii. 230; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 547; Pierre in Bull.
Soc. Linn. Par. I. 525. Mimusops lucida, Wall. Cat. 4147; G. Don
Gen. Syst. IV. 35 (not of Poir.).

Prenane: Wallich 4147. Perak: Scortechint 1989; Wray 2266,
3114, 3191, 3482; King’s Collector 3364, 3734, 6636. SINGAPORE:
Lobb 307 ; Fidley.

Var. Wight, Clarke in Hook.f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 548. Leaves large,
up to 6 in. long and 2°5 broad, coriaceous; pedicels stout; sepals
large, rusty-tomentose. Payena polyandra, Bth. & Hook. f.; Pierre
in Bull. Linn. Soc. Par. I. 526. Isonandra polyandra, Wight Ic.
t. 1589. Keratephorus Wight, Hassk. in Retzia I. 101.

Of this variety Clarke makes two forms, which he distinguishes chiefly by the
former having short acuminations to the leaves, the latter long acuminate leaves. We
have separated the material into these two groups as well as we can.

Form (1): Leaves up to 6 in. long, 2°5 in. broad, abruptly acuminate, shining

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 173

above, ferruginous-red beneath when dry ; flower-buds ovoid, 2 in. long or more, rusty-
pubescent. Pedicels stout, clavate ; fruit oblong, depressed at top; anther-connective
not so broad as in P. lucida.

Manacca: Grifith (K.D.) 3605 (part); Maingay (K.D.) 194; Hervey; Derry 937;
Holmberg 794; Goodenough 1977. Prrax: King’s Collector 8705.

Form (2): Leaves up to 6 in. long, oblong-lanceolate, long-acuminate, reddish
beneath when dry; nerves more prominent than in P. lucida; pedicels slender,
-8 to 1-2 in. long; buds ovoid, sometimes flattened, -2 to -3 in. long, rusty-pubescent ;
young fruit oblong conical, tipped by the persistent style; old fruit oblong, over 1 in.
long. P. costata, King MS. in Herb Cale.

Mauacca: Grigith (K.D.) 3605 (part); Maingay (K.D.) 989; Goodenough 1853 ;
Derry 654; Curtis 3644,3660. Prnane: Curtis 1516. Prax: King’s Collector 3734,
4081, 7842, 7957, 10466, 10496, 10978. Panana: Ridley 2672. SrLancor: Good-
enough 10545. Srtneapore: Ridley 3995, 5070, 6508, 11305.

Var. mgra, King & Gamble. Leaves much larger than in the
specimens of true P. lucida, elliptic, long caudate-acuminate at apex,
more or less rounded at base, undulate on the margins, 6 to 8°95 in.
long, 2°5 to 4 in. broad; main-nerves and intramarginal nerve very
prominent, raised beneath; flower-buds and pedicels often golden-
pubescent. Flowers as in P. lucida.

Perak: Wray 1170; Scortechint.

P. Lowr1ana, Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Par. I. 524, seems to be one
of the varieties of P. lucida or a species allied to it. The following is
Pierre’s description :—

A huge tree. Leaves with petiole -4 in. long; blade 5 in. long,
1:2-1°6 in. broad, oblong-lanceolate, obtusely acuminate, glabrous ;
main-veins 24, distant. Frwting peduncles axillary, 1-1-2 in. long,
solitary. Berry oblong, 1:3 in. long by ‘8 in. broad, sub-glabrous,
crowned at the top with the remains of the style. Seed solitary, 1-1 in.
long, °35 in. in diam., erect; hilum lateral, ‘08 in. broad; cotyledons
oblong, attenuate at the apex, °8 in. long by -2 in. broad ; radicle -15 in.
long. P. lucida MS. in Herb. Mus. Par.

Perak: Sir Hugh Low ; St. Pol Lias No. 272.

6. PAYENA DASYPHYLLA, Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Par. I. 527
(1885). A large tree, reaching 80 to 100 feet in height and considerable
girth; branches spreading, branchlets greyish-brown, moderately
thick; innovations densely ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves membranous;
oblong or elliptic-oblong or obovate-oblong, often unequal-sided ; acumi-
nate at apex, acute, cuneate or somewhat rounded at base; glabrous
above except on the midrib and near the base, densely ferruginous-
-pubescent beneath, when old nearly glabrous; 4 to 8 in. long, 1°5 to
3 in. broad; midrib thick, pubescent on both surfaces; main-nerves
12 to 16 pairs, unequally spaced, starting at about 60° with the midrib,
produced straight to meet a looped intramarginal nerve; secondary

13

174 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

nerves rather prominent, reticulations irregular; petiole ‘5 in. long,
thick, densely rusty-pubescent, channelled above; stipules subulate,
rusty-pubescent, short, early caducous. Flowers fascicled, 1 to 3
together, in the axils of the leaves; pedicels thickly rusty-pubescent,.
‘4 to 6 in. long, somewhat enlarged in fruit; buds ovoid. Calyx-lobes
4,2 outer thick, valvate, :3 in. long, triangular-rounded, densely rusty-
pubescent; 2 inner concave, slightly imbricate, -35 in. long, thickly
keeled, scarious on the margins and ciliate, rusty-pubescent around the
keel. Corolla tubular-campanulate, -3 in. long; tube ‘1 in. long,
glabrous ; lobes 8, the 4 outer enclosing the 4 inner but inserted in one:
row, oblong, obtuse. Stamens 16, :175 in. long, inserted on the top of
the tube ; filaments ‘05 in. long, villous ; anthers nearly linear, extrorse,
the connective produced in a ‘05 in. long, blunt or even bifid acumen.
Ovary conical, villous as is the base of the 35 in. long subulate style.
Fruit an ovoid densely tawny-pubescent berry ‘75 to 1 in. long, umbonate
at the tip and crowned with a portion of the style. Seeds :4 to ‘5 in.
long, elliptic-acute ; testa dark brown, shining; hilum narrow; albu-
men thin. Burck in Ann. Jard. Buit. V. 51. Isonandra dasyphylla,
Mig. Pl. Jungh. 201 and FI. Ind. Bat. II. 1038; de Vriese Journ. Bot.
Neerl. I. 256.

PERAK: Scortechint 1242; King’s Collector 2611, on Larut Peak at:
3,000 to 3,500 feet.—Distris. Sumatra, Java.

De Vriese says the gutta is only used for adulteration, but that Motley did not.
agree in this belief.

Var. glabrata, King & Gamble. Lower surface of the leaves nearly
glabrous, apex abruptly long-acuminate; pedicels -8 to 1 in. long; fruit,
nearly spherical.

Prrak : Scortechint 5386. SINGAPORE: at Selitar, Ridley 5644.

7. PAYENA SESSILIS, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree (?); branchlets.
grey, rough, uppermost somewhat angular when dry. Leaves coria-
ceous, sessile; obovate, obtuse or emarginate; glabrous on both surfaces,
margins recurved; 2 to 4 in. long, 1 to 1°5 in. broad; midrib promi-.
nent, raised on both surfaces ; main-nerves not prominent on the upper
surface, raised on the lower, about 8 pairs, at about 50° with the midrib,
straight but soon anastomosing with the prominent reticulations which
are also raised on the lower surface; stipules ovate, acute or obtuse,
glabrous, caducous. lowers fascicled, 2 to 3 together, on small
tubercles in the axils of upper leaves; pedicels slender, black, ‘5 in.
long, supported by small hard glabrous bracts. Calyx-lobes in fruit 4,
‘2 in. long, ovate-acute, glabrous; rest of flower not-seen. Frwit a
globose glabrous berry, black when dry, prominently surmounted by the

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 175

persistent long curved style; cells apparently 4 to 6. Seeds oblong,
obtuse at top, acute at base, ‘3 to ‘4 in. long, rounded on the outer,
straight on the inner side; hilum long, narrow; testa thin crustaceous,
brown ; albumen rather thin ; cotyledons oblong, flat, -15 to -2 in. in
length ; radicle rather large,

Sryaapore: Ridley 5076.

8. Payena optusironiA, King & Gamble,n. sp. A tree; branchlets
stout, greyish-brown, prominently marked by the scars of fallen leaves
and the tubercles of fallen flower fascicles, young branchlets and leaves
rusty-brown in colour. Leaves coriaceous ; clustered at the ends of the
branchlets, obovate or elliptic-obovate, obtuse, emarginate or shortly
acute at apex, cuneately attenuate at base; glabrous on the upper
surface, rusty-coloured and sometimes pubescent on the lower; 2°5 to
3 in. long, 1 to 1°5 in. broad ; midrib stout, main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs,
starting at about 60° with the midrib, slightly curving upwards, incon-
spicuous above as are the reticulations; petiole ‘5 to -75 in. long,
channelled above by the decurrent margins of the blade Flowers
fascicled, 4 to 8 together (to judge by scars only) in the axils of the
leaves, or of the scars of fallen leaves ; pedicels -5 in. long, clavate,
pubescent ; buds about -3 in. long, truncate. Calyx-lobes 4, 2 outer
valvate, ovate-acute, ‘3 in. long, pubescent; 2 inner imbricate, ovate,
golden-pubescent on the back, ciliate on the margins. Corolla not seen.
Ovary ovoid-conical, glabrous, 8-celled ; style :35 in. long, linear. Fruit
not seen.

Perak: Scortechint 340.

9. PAYENA SELANGORICA, King & Gamble, n.sp. A tree (?); branch-
lets dark brown, rough. Leaves chartaceo-coriaceous ; oblong-lanceo
late, acuminate at apex, narrowly attenuate at base, glabrous above,
slightly pubescent on the sides of the midrib beneath ; 4 to 6 in. long,
1 to 1:7 in. broad; midrib prominent, impressed and keeled above;
main-nerves about 16 pairs, indistinct, parallel, at about 80° with the
midrib, straight at first, anastomosing near the margin with the
secondary nerves and reticulations, which are visible but not prominent ;
petiole ‘5 to ‘7 in. long, channelled above, enlarged at base. Flowers
fascicled, 2 to 3 together, in the axils of the leaves; pedicels rather
thick, -6 to -8 in. long, striate, appressed rusty-pubescent. Calyx-lobes
4, outer pair valvate -3 in. long, ovate-acute, thick below, thinner above ;
inner pair ovate, ‘25 in. long, scarious on the margins; both appressed
rusty-pubescent; rest of flower not seen. Ovary pubescent, cylindrical,
depressed at top; fruit immature, seed apparently albuminous, with an
elongated hilum.

SELANGOR: Fidley 7387.

176 Flora of the Malayan Penmsula.

6. Bassta, Linn.

Trees with milky juice. Leaves coriaceous or chartaceous, often
clustered at the ends of the branchlets; stipules caducous. Flowers
fascicled, in the axils of the leaves or of the scars of fallen leaves,
pedicellate, pedicels frequently reflexed. Calyx-lobes 4, the 2 outer
usually valvate, enclosing the 2 inner imbricate. Corolla campanulate ;
tube broad; lobes 6 to 12, contorted in bud, erect in flower, imbricate.
Stamens twice the number of the corolla-lobes or more, inserted in one
or more rows on the corolla-tube; filaments usually short; anthers
generally lanceolate, laterally or extrorsely dehiscing; connective
generally produced in an acumen; staminodes none. Ovary villous,
4_19- (usually 6-8-) -celled ; style linear, subulate, more or less elongate.
Fruit a globose or oblong or ovoid berry, few-seeded. Seeds ellipsoid,
usually compressed ; testa crustaceous, shining ; hilum oblong or linear,
conspicuous ; albumen none; cotyledons thick, fleshy ; radicle small.—
Distris. About 40 species, found in India, Ceylon, the Malay Penin-
sula, and Malay Archipelago.

In several of the species the fruit is unknown, and some of these may prove, when
it becomes available, to belong to Payena, which is hardly separable except by the
important character of having albuminous seeds and leafy cotyledons.

We have not followed Baillon and Engler in changing the name of this genus to
Illipe, as we agree in the opinions expressed by Drs. Trimen (‘‘ Flora of Ceylon ”’) and
Cooke (‘‘ Flora of Bombay’’) that the word Illipe was not intended by Konig to be
employed as the name of a genus, but was merely mentioned as being the vernacular
name employed by the natives of Malabar for one of the species.

Flower-buds large, nearly -75 in. long, conical; intramarginal
nerve of leaves prominent; pedicels thick, 1:°5to2in.long .. 1. B. aristulata.
Flower-buds moderately large, about -4 in. long, globose; intra-
marginal nerve present ; pedicels short, about °4 in. long :—
Intramarginal nerve conspicuous; leaves 10 to 14 in. long
Intramarginal nerve faint ; leaves 4 to 6 in. long Be
Flower-buds moderately large, °4 in. long or rather less, conical :-—
Leaves large, over 6 in. long; main-nerves prominent :—
Pedicels over 1 in. long; leaves coriaceous, silky-pubescent
beneath ; main-nerves straight, intramarginal nerve present ;
connective of anthers penicillate .. 4. B. penicillata.
Pedicels under ‘6 in. long; leaves chantaeeenel ee
pubescent beneath; main-nerves curved, no intramarginal

i)

. B, Kingiana.
. B. Kunstleri,

(SS)

nerye ; connective of anthers not penicillate .. .. od. B. malaccensis.
Leaves odeee! sized, under 6 in. long; main-nerves net
prominent 6. B. Curtisit.

Flower-buds small, under 34 in. long, saves coment sop
in many-flowered fascicles :—
Pedicels usually under ‘5 in. long :—
Pedicels and flower-buds densely tawny-pubescent ; connec- -
tive of anthers produced in a long point a5 .. 7. B, laurifolia.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 177

Pedicels and flower-buds thinly rusty-pubescent ; connective
of anthers produced in a short ciliate point .. -. 8. B. rupicola.
Pedicels -5 in. long or longer :—
Flowers fascicled in the axils of upper leaves generally,
rarely on old wood below them :—
Leayes glabrous, coriaceous, main-nerves indistinct -. 9. B. perakensis.
Leaves grey-silky-pubescent beneath, almost coriaceous,
main-neryes distinct but not prominent re .. 10. B. argentea.
Leaves only slightly pubescent beneath, chartaceous,
main-nerves very prominent ac . ll. B. Braceana.
Flowers fascicled chiefly in the axils of the scars of fallen
leaves, on old wood :—
Leaves chartaceous, elliptic; main-nerves prominent .. 12. B. longistyla.
Leaves coriaceous, oblong ; main-neryes not prominent :—
Main-nerves of leaves (under 6 in. long) curved up-
wards, but no intramarginal nerve; anther-connective
long-apiculate ae .. 13. B. cuprea.
Main-nerves of leaves (over 6 i in. long) anes in an
intramarginal nerve; anther-connective shortly apicu-
late ts sé ae ae .. 14. B. Motleyana.

SPECIES OF WHICH FLOWERS ARE IMPERFECTLY Known.
Leaves under 5 in. long, obowntes obtuse, greenish-brown when

dry .. .. 15. B. cuneata.
Leaves 5 to 7 in. are ohlonglanesae seeders when
dry .. .. 16. B. penangiana.

Leaves 6 to 8 in. lone: spans oblong, orange-red when dry .. 17. B. erythrophylla-

1. Bassia aristuLATa, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree; branchlets
stout, brown, lenticellate. Leaves coriaceous; oblong, shortly and
rather suddenly acute at apex, somewhat rounded unequally and then
decurrent at base; glabrous on both surfaces except on the midrib
beneath; margins slightly recurved; 6 to 10 in. long, 3 to 4 in.
broad; midrib thick, prominent, impressed above; main-nerves
24 to 28 pairs, conspicuous, parallel, -3 to -4 in. apart, starting at about.
75° with the midrib, scarcely curved, meeting in a conspicuous intra-
marginal looped nerve; reticulations oblique, not prominent; petiole
15 to 2 in. long, grooved above, much thickened below. Flowers
fascicled, about 2 to 6 together, in the axils of the leaves or of the scars
of fallen leaves, on very short tubercles; pedicels thick, 1-5 to 2 in. long,
densely golden-pubescent, flattened under the flower; buds elongate,
conical, nearly -75 in. long. Calyzx-lobes 4, °5 to ‘7 in. long; the 2 outer
valvate, triangular-ovate, pubescent; the 2 inner imbricate, concave,
ovate, pubescent. Corolla-tube short, -2 to 3 in. long, funnel-shaped,
densely pubescent inside ; lobes 8 to 9, oblong-lanceolate, -4 in. long,
pubescent without. Stamens many, up to 36, in 2 or 3 rows, lowest
row about 8 to 9, second row 16 to 18, third row 8 to 9, inserted on the
top of the corolla-tube; filaments very short, pubescent; anthers

178 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

oblong, thin, *2 in. long, opening along their edge; connective black,
prominent, ending in a long sharp awn, the anthers usually twisted
half round. Ovary silky-pubescent, flat at top, style glabrous about
equal to corolla, cells 10 to 12. Frwt not known.

PERAK: at Goping, Scortechim 1984.

Said by Scortechini to give a guttapercha.

2. Bassta Kinetana, Brace MS. in Herb. Cale. A tree, reaching
50 to 60 feet in height, and 10 to 15 in. in diam.; branchlets thick.
Leaves coriaceous, dark green; obovate-oblong, rounded and then
shortly and abruptly acuminate at apex, cuneate at base; glabrous on
both surfaces, margins slightly reflexed ; 10 to 14 in. long, 3:5 to 4:5 in.
broad ; midrib very strong, prominent; main-nerves about 20 pairs,
conspicuous, ‘5 to ‘7 in. apart, starting nearly at right angles to the
midrib and curving upwards to meet in a conspicuous intramarginal
looped nerve ; secondary nerves few but prominent; reticulations dis-
tant, not numerous ; petiole 2 in. long, grooved above, swollen at base,
and then conspicuously rugose when dry; stipules subulate-acuminate
from a broad base, very quickly caducous. Flowers fascicled, about
3 to 5 together, on small tubercles above the scars of fallen leaves on
the previous year’s wood; pedicels recurved, thick, ‘4 in. long, enlarged
above, covered as also the calyx with appressed tawny pubescence ;
buds globose, about 4 in. long. Calyx-lobes 4, :4 in. in diam.; outer
2 imbricate, rounded emarginate, thick; inner 2 also imbricate, concave,
ciliate on the margins. Corolla-tube funnel-shaped, ‘15 in. long, rusty-
hirsute without, pubescent within; lobes 12 to 16, white, much imbri-
cate or in 2 rows, spathulate, ciliate on the margins, hirsute, -25 in.
long. Stamens many, 32 to 36, in 2 rows on the top of the corolla-
tube ; filaments ‘1 in. long, rather stout, densely hirsute ; anthers linear-
oblong, ‘125 in. long; connective produced into a broad appendage,
penicillate at tip, in bud merely aristate. Ovary rounded, villous; style
thick, curved, pubescent, ‘3 in. long, with minute stigmatic lobes ; cells
about 8. Frwt a globose, thickly tawny-pubescent, berry, ‘75 in. in
diam., surmounted by the long subulate persistent style, seeds 1 to 2.
Seed not seen.

PERAK: King’s Collector 3314, 3678, 7389 ; in open jungle at 300 to
500 feet. SitncaporEe: Ridley 6238, 6294.

3. Bassta Kunstieri, Brace MS. in Herb. Cale. A tree with
spreading branches, reaching a height of 30 to 40 feet and 10 to
15 in. in diam.; branchlets slender, grey, innovations rusty-pubescent.
Leaves chartaceous; obovate-oblong or oblong, abruptly acuminate at
apex, acuminate at base, glabrous on both surfaces; 4 to 6 in. long,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. hia

15 to 2 in. broad; midrib slender, prominent ; main-nerves 15 to 20
pairs, starting at an angle of about 60° to the midrib and curving upwards
to meet in a faint intramarginal looped nerve; secondary nerves and
reticulations prominent; petiole slender, 1 to 1:5 in. long, bordered above
in its upper part by the decurrent margins of the blade, base enlarged,
sometimes twisted. Flowers solitary or fascicled 2 to 3 together in the
axils of the leaves, or above the scars of fallen leaves; pedicels thick,
‘3 to -4 in. long, usually recurved, densely rusty- or golden-pubescent like
the calyx-lobes and fruit ; buds ovoid-orbicular about -4in. long. Calyz-
lobes 4, -4 in. long; outer valvate, ovate-orbicular ; inner imbricate, con-
cave, somewhat emarginate, thin and ciliate on the edges. Corolla
tubular-campanulate ; tube about -125 in. long, glabrous on both sides;
lobes 16, in 2 rows, very much imbricate, shortly spathulate, rounded at
top, fimbriate on the margins, shortly pubescent within, 3-nerved.
Stamens about 32, in 2 rows, mixed with long unicellular brown hairs ;
filaments thick, about 0:5 in. long; anthers oblong, opening by marginal
slits, often twisted half round; connective conspicuous, produced in a
sharp mucro. Ovary rounded, villous; style subulate, °5 to ‘7 in. long;
cells about 8. Fruit an ovoid densely pubescent brown berry, ‘8 to 1 in.
long, 1-2-seeded, surmounted by the persistent style. Seed ovoid,
obliquely pointed below, rounded above, -7 in. long, -4 in. in diam.,
sometimes flattened on one side; testa thin, crustaceous, chestnut-
brown, shining; hilum very large, obovate ; albumen none ; cotyledons
thick, -5 in. long, ovate; radicle small, pointed.

PERAK: on Lartit peak, at 500 to 2,600 feet, King’s Collector, 3241,
3047, 3964, 6410; Wray 2643, 3201; Curtis 3694; Ridley 5536.

4. Bassia penrcinLata, King & Gamble, n. sp. A large tree, reach-
ing 60 feet in height with a girth of 4 feet; ultimate branchlets and
innovations densely ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves coriaceous; oblong
or somewhat obovate-oblong, shortly and abruptly acute at apex,
unequally rounded at base; glabrous above, thickly golden-silky-
pubescent beneath when young, afterwards glabrate ; margins recurved ;
6 to 10 in. long, 2°5 to 3-5 in. broad; midrib thick, prominent, impressed
and keeled above; main-nerves 24 to 28 pairs, conspicuous, parallel,

--8 to -5 in. apart in large leaves, starting at about 80° with the midrib,
curved only near the margin to meet in an inconspicuous looped
intramarginal nerve; secondary nerves many in large leaves; reticula-
tions oblique, not prominent ; petiole 1-2 to 1:5 in. long, thickened below.
Flowers fascicled, about 1 to 4 together in the axils of the leaves, on very
short rusty-pubescent tubercles; pedicels 1 to 1:2 in. long, slender,
pubescent; buds conical. Calyx-lobes 4, sometimes 5, *4 in. long;
outer pair ovate-acuminate, densely rusty-pubescent, thick; inner pair,

180 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

sometimes 3, ovate acuminate, thinner, pubescent on the back, ciliate
and more or less scarious on the margins. Corolla campanulate, -4 in.
long; tube nearly ‘2 in. long, glabrous outside, densely ferruginous hairy
within in the upper half ; lobes 10 (?), lanceolate, acuminate, as long as.
tube. Stamens 20 in 1 row, but the 10 opposite the corolla-lobes.
behind the 10 alternate with them; filaments -05 in. long, hairy ;.
anthers linear-sagittate, extrorse, the connective produced in a long
penicillate acumen. Ovary rounded, densely hairy, as is the lower
half of the 75 in. long slender style; cells 10. Fruit not known.

Province WELLESLEY: at Tassek Glugor, Curtis 3737, said to be
common. Vern. name ‘“ Minato.”

In its leaves this species greatly resembles B. aristulata, but the slender pedicels,.
smaller flowers, acuminate calyx, and penicillate anthers at once distinguish it..

5. Bassa MALACcENSIs, King & Gamble. A large tree(?); branchlets.
dark brown, rough, with prominent old leaf-scars, innovations nearly
glabrous. Leaves chartaceous or almost membranous; obovate or
obovate-oblong, obtuse or shortly and abruptly acute at apex, cuneate.
at base; glabrous above, sparsely and minutely pubescent beneath
when young, glabrous when old; 6 to 12 in. long, 4 to 6°5 in. broad;
midrib prominent, thick; main-nerves very conspicuous, 14 to 16 pairs,
parallel, in average leaves ‘5 in. apart, in large ones often nearly 1 in.,
starting at an angle of 60° with the midrib, at once curving gently
upwards to and along the margin ; secondary nerves few, reticulations.
mostly transverse, not prominent; petiole 1 to 2 in. long, slightly
bordered above to about half-way down by the decurrent margins of the:
blade, base much swollen, wrinkled. Flowers fascicled 4 to 8 together in
the axils of the leaves or of the scars of fallen leaves, on rather thick
pubescent tubercles; pedicels -4 to °6 in. long, pubescent; buds when
young rounded-conical. Calyx-lobes 4; 2 outer valvate or slightly
imbricate, ovate, bluntly acute or mucronate, rusty-pubescent, -25 in.
long; 2 inner imbricate, ovate-acute, margins sometimes scarious,
sometimes ciliate, back thickly rusty-pubescent, more or less keeled.
Corolla campanulate ; tube very short, rarely -1 in. long, with a short.
ring of hairs at the mouth inside; lobes 10-12, lanceolate, obtuse, sub-
2-seriate, -25 to -3 in. long, glabrous except for a few stiff hairs outside.
Stamens 20 to 24 in 2 rows; the inner almost or quite sessile, alternate:
with the corolla-lobes ; the outer with short densely pubescent filaments,
longer than the inner ones; anthers narrowly lanceolate with long
hairs, opening on the margins; connective produced in a long hair-like
acumen. Ovary hairy, elongate, conical, style -25 in. long. Fruit a
fleshy obovate-oblong berry with somewhat flattened top, surmounted.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 181

by the persistent base of the style and supported by the persistent
calyx-lobes, nearly 1 in. long. Seed 1, oblong, acute at the top,
‘7 in. long, °35 in. broad, and about -3 in. thick; testa shining,
crustaceous, chestnut-brown ; hilum :15 to -2 in. broad; albumen none;
cotyledons thick, inner face somewhat striate; radicle rather large,
inferior. Payena malaccensis, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 547.
Keratephorus Wightw, Maingay MS. (not of Hassk.).

Mauacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3610; Maingay (K.D.) 992. PErax: Wray
1229; Scortechim 314. Stnaarore: Fridley 2082, 2757, 56438, 6042,
6132, 6133, 6498, 6499, 6500, 6531, 8078, 10159.

Wray says this species gives only a sticky gutta in small quantities.

6. Bassta Curtisi, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree, reaching 40 to
50 feet in height ; branches greyish-brown, strongly marked by the scars
of fallen leaves and the prominent tubercles of fallen flowers, innovations
very slightly rusty-pubescent, thick. Leaves very coriaceous; clustered
at the ends of the branchlets, obovate or sometimes lanceolate-obovate,
obtuse emarginate or very suddenly and shortly blunt-acuminate ;
glabrous on both surfaces, margins strongly recurved; 4 to 6 in. long,
1-25 to 2:5 in. broad; midrib stout, prominent ; main-nerves not promi-
nent, 14 to 15 pairs, at an angle of about 70° with the midrib, °3 to 4 in.
apart, straight, joined near the margin by a looped intramarginal nerve ;
secondary nerves prominent, reticulations few ; all raised on the under
surface ; petiole -7 to 1 in. long, rather thick, bordered by the decurrent
margins of the blade, base swollen. Flowers fascicled, many (10 to 12)
together on prominent tubercles in the axils of the scars of fallen leaves
below the leaf-cluster, and covering the branchlets densely for a
distance of about 4 in.; pedicels -25 (buds) to ‘5 (flower) in. long,
somewhat angular, decurved, densely pale tawny-pubescent; buds
ovoid-conical. Calyx-lobes rounded, obtuse, densely tawny-pubescent,
‘2 in. long, the outer pair thick, the inner somewhat keeled, scarious on
the margins. Corolla campanulate, rather longer than the calyx; tube
short, glabrous except for the ring of hairs at the insertion of the
stamens; lobes 8, oblong spathulate, ciliate and hirsute at the tip.
Stamens 16; filaments short, slender, villous ; anthers ovate-acute, the
connective ending in a sharp conical acumen, extrorse. Ovary rounded,
villous ; style thick glabrous, stigmas minute; cells 8. Fruit an oblong
berry, covered without with appressed golden pubescence, ‘5 to °7 in.
long, ‘5 in. broad, crowned with the persistent style and supported by
the persistent calyx; seeds 1-2, placentas thin. Seeds oblong, pointed
at the ends; testa crustaceous, shining; hilum narrow; albumen none;
cotyledons thick, fleshy, radicle small.

182 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

PENANG: Curtis 1451, 3536. Perak: Wray 512, Vern. “Gutta
Gannu’”’; Scortechint 1408.

This species comes near both to B. Motleyana, from which it differs in having
more coriaceous leaves, larger flowers, and a pubescent fruit; and to B. cuneata, in
which the leaves (judging from the poor specimens in Kew Herbarium) are thinner
and the fruit larger and nearly glabrous, with more rounded seeds and a broad
hilum. ;

7. Bassia LAuRIFoLIA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree reaching
60 feet in height and a diam. of 12 to 18 in.; branches spreading ;
branchlets pale brown, rather thick, innovations densely pubescent
with yellowish-tawny hairs. Leaves chartaceous ; obovate-lanceolate,
gradually acuminate at apex, also at base; glabrous on both surfaces
except on the sides of the midrib beneath; 5 to 10 in. long, 1:5 to
3°D in. broad ; midrib prominent, impressed and keeled above; main-
nerves prominent, regular, 14 or 15 pairs, about -3 in. apart, starting at
about 45° with the midrib, gradually curving upwards; reticulations
obliquely transverse, faintly marked; petiole -75 to 1 in. long, slender,
glabrous above, tawny-pubescent at base, bordered by the decurrent
margins of the blade and marked above by the produced keel of the
midrib; stipules linear-subulate, tawny-pubescent, nearly ‘5 in. long,
very caducous. Flowers fascicled, about 6 together, on hairy tubercles
in the axils of the leaves or of the scars of fallen leaves near the top of
the branchlets; pedicels -4 to ‘5 in. long, usually recurved, densely
tawny-pubescent, thicker in fruit; buds small, conical. Calyz-lobes 4,
about -2 in. long, rather narrowly ovate; the outer pair obtuse; the inner
acute, all densely tawny-pubescent without, glabrous within. Corolla
campanulate; tube ‘05 in. long with aring of hairs at the mouth inside ;
lobes 8, oblong-spathulate, :1 in. long, glabrous. Stamens 14 to 16, -1 in.
long; filaments short, thickly hairy; anthers linear-sagittate, the con-
nective produced in a long sharp acumen. Ovary rounded, glabrous ;
style slender, °3 in. long; cells apparently 8. Frwit a black glabrous
oblong berry about ‘6 to ‘7 in. long and 4 in. broad. Seed 1, ovoid,
*) to ‘6 in. long, slightly compressed ; testa thin, crustaceous, shining,
dark brown; hilum broad; albumen none; cotyledons oblong, fleshy,
about °3 in. long and nearly -2 in. broad ; radicle inferior, rather large.

PERAK: on low ground, King’s Collector 3104, 3718, 3720.

Var. obtusa, King & Gamble. Leaves obtuse with an abrupt
acumen. Calyzx-lobes obtuse, thickened at tip. Corolla-lobes ciliate
at the apex, glandular-striate ; anthers and produced connective very
hirsute.

PENANG: Curtis 159, 2254, 3589—a small tree, fairly common.

Var. parvifolia, King & Gamble. Leaves smaller than in type;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 183

innovations not tawny-pubescent. Calyx-lobes more rounded and
glabrous ; pedicels longer.
KepaH: on Kedah Peak, Ridley 5506.

Ridley’s No. 2673 from Tahan Woods, Pahang, is very near B. laurifolia, but the
pedicels are much longer and the calyx-lobes not tawny-pubescent. The material is
insufficient for description.

8. Bassta RuPIcoLA, King & Gamble, n.sp. A tree reaching 40 to
60 feet in height and 15 to 20 in. in diam.; branchlets dark grey,
marked by the prominent scars of fallen leaves, innovations puberulous;
leaf-bud scales ovate-lanceolate, ‘25in. long. Leaves coriaceous; obovate-
oblong, bluntly acute at apex, cuneately attenuate at base; dull and
glabrous on both surfaces ; 3°5 to 5:5 in. long, 1:5 to 2 in. broad ; midrib
thick, conspicuous ; main-nerves 8 to 10 pairs, starting at an angle of
45° with the midrib, then curving upwards, sometimes rather indistinct,
about -4 in. apart; reticulations many, obscure, obliquely transverse ;
petiole ‘5 to 1 in. long, grooved above and bordered by the decurrent
base of the blade, swollen below. Flowers fascicled, about 5 together,
in the axils of the leaves, on small tubercles; pedicels ‘15 in. long,
ferruginous-pubescent like the calyx and buds. Calyx-lobes 4, 2 outer
valvate; 2inner valvate or imbricate, ovate, -2 to°25 in. long; all more or
less recurved and ciliate at tip. Corolla tubular-campanulate, lobes and
tube nearly equal, mouth of tube inside with a ring of soft ferruginous
hairs; lobes oblong, ciliate at tip, sparsely hairy without, nerves spreading.
Stamens 16, inserted above the ring of hairs in the mouth of the tube ;
filaments slender, :05 in. long, pubescent ; anthers ovate-mucronate, tip
ciliate, extrorse. Ovary ovoid; style curved, ‘3 in. long, stigma flat,
minute. Fyrwt not seen.

PrERAK: in rocky creeks on Gunong Batu at 1,500 to 2,000 feet,
King’s Collector 7411.

9. BassIA PERAKENSIS, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree reaching
60 to 80 feet in height and a considerable girth; branchlets thick,
dark grey, prominently marked by the scars of fallen leaves and the
- tubercles on which the flower fascicles grew. Leaves coriaceous; oblong
or obovate-oblong, shortly and abruptly acuminate at apex, acuminately
narrowed at base; margins recurved, glabrous on both surfaces; 4 to
6 in. long, 1°5 to 2:5 in. broad; midrib stout, prominent ; main-nerves
slender, indistinct, 14 to 18 pairs, starting at an angle of 50° with the
midrib, parallel, straight at first, arching near the margin to join in an
intra-marginal looped nerve which is also met by the secondary nerves
between the main ones; reticulations faintly marked on both surfaces ;
petiole -75 to 1 in. long, rather thick, bordered above by the decurrent

184 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

margins of the blade, swollen below. lowers in fascicles of up to 10
to 12, on tubercles in the axils of the leaves or above the scars of fallen
leaves on the previous year’s wood; pedicels ‘5 to ‘6 in. long, slender,
flattened below the flowers, densely pubescent at first, afterwards nearly
glabrous, recurved in fruit; buds small, conical. Calyx-lobes 4,:2 in. long;
2 upper ovate-acute, densely pubescent, valvate ; 2 lower imbricate, also
densely pubescent, ciliate on the margins, somewhat keeled, ovate-
acute. Corolla funnel-shaped ; lobes 8, throat villous. Stamens about
16; filaments short glabrous; anthers sagittate. Ovary globose, villous,
8-celled, style -3 to 4 in. long, stigma minutely lobed. Fruit an ovoid
densely pubescent berry about ‘7 to ‘9 in. in diam., crowned by the
persistent style; seeds 1-2. Seed ovoid-oblong, °65 in. by ‘35 in., acute
at base ; testa shining, chestnut-brown, thin, crustaceous; hilum large,
oblong ; albumen none; cotyledons oblong, °45 in. long, ‘25 in. broad,
radicle very small.

PERAK: King’s Collector 512, 3846; Curtis 3695, on the Larut hill
up to 2,500 feet.

10. Bassia arGeNTEA, Clarke in Hook.f. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 545 (1882)
(not of de Vriese). A large tree; branchlets rather thick, greyish-brown.
Leaves coriaceo-chartaceous ; elliptic or elliptic-oblong, abruptly acumi-
nate at apex, acute and often unequal at base; glabrous above, shining
grey-silky beneath when young, nearly glabrous when old; 4 to 7 in.
long, 2°5 to 3 in. broad; midrib prominent, thick; main-nerves 13 to
15 pairs, about -4 in. apart, starting at about 60° with the midrib, at.
first straight then curving upwards; reticulations many, very oblique ;
petiole 1 in. long, upper part bordered by the decurrent margin of the
blade, swollen below and rugose. lowers fascicled in clusters of 6 to
10 in the axils of the leaves, or above the sears of fallen leaves; pedicels
slender, about *5 in. long, appressed-pubescent; buds conical. Calyx-
lobes 4, outer and inner pairs both valvate ; lobes ovate, *2 to -25in. long,
acute, pubescent. Corolla tubular-campanulate, tube ‘1 in. long; lobes
8 to 9, :15 in. long, linear-oblong. Stamens usually 24, in 3 rows, inserted

on the top of the tube on a ring of rusty hairs; filaments very small or

none; anthers ovate, densely hirsute, black-apiculate. Ovary rounded,
depressed above, villous; style ‘2 to ‘3 in. long, villous half-way up,
subulate ; stigma capitate ; cells 8 to 10. Frust not seen.

Maxacca: Maingay (K.D.) 991, 1524; Derry 941.

Bassia argentea, de Vriese, seems to be a Sideroxylon, cf. Burck & Koord. & Val.

11. Bassta Braceana, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree with spreading
branches, reaching 50 to 70 feet in height and 10 to 20 in. in diam. ;
branchlets pale brown. Leaves chartaceous; bright green, glossy,

ee

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 185

oblong or elliptic-oblong, acuminate both at apex and at base ; glabrous
above, minutely pubescent on the nerves or in the axils of the nerves
beneath; 4 to 8 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad; midrib thick, impressed
above ; main-nerves 14 to 18 pairs, regular, parallel, conspicuous, about
‘4 in. apart, starting at about 60° with the midrib, arching upwards to
join near the margin; reticulations oblique, slender but conspicuous,
joining the main-nerves more or less horizontally ; petiole ‘8 to 1-4 in.
long, grooved above and bordered by the decurrent margins of the
blade, thickened and somewhat curved below. Flowers fasciculate,
usually 4 to 7 together, in the axils of the leaves, or above the scars of
fallen leaves on the last year’s wood below ; pedicels 4 to ‘6 in. long,
thickened above, otherwise slender, slightly pubescent. Calyzx-lobes 4,
15 to -25 in. long; 2 outer opposite ovate rounded, enclosing the 2
inner concaye rounded; sometimes ciliate on the margins, sometimes
slightly emarginate, all more or less golden-pubescent without, enlarged
after flowering. Corolla cream-coloured ; tube cylindrical, short, about
“1 in. long only; lobes more or less spreading, 8 to 9, linear-oblong, 2 in.
long, slightly twisted. Stamens 16 to 18, in 2 rows, inserted on the
top of the tube inside above a thick ring of tawny hairs; filaments very
short; anthers ovate-lanceolate, strigosely hirsute, the connective
ending in a long dark acumen. Ovary globose, glabrous; style -15 in,
long, stigmas very minute; cells about 8. Frit an oblong green fleshy
berry, ‘8 to 1 in. long, crowned by the remains of the style; seed
usually 1 only. Seed ovoid, flattened, -8 in. long, ‘5 in. broad, and
-25 in. thick; testa chestnut-brown, shining, crustaceous; hilum elongate,
pale, conspicuous ; albumen none; cotyledons thick, -5 to ‘6 in. long,
ovoid, somewhat acute ; radicle minute.

Penane: Curtis 3063. Perak: King’s Collector 1846, 3195, 3275,
3740, 6447, 7584, 10412; Scortechin 314, 1483; Wray 1775, 2613,
2694. ;

Var. lanceolata, King & Gamble. Leaves narrower, more lanceolate-
acuminate; main-nerves closer. Flowers more numerous in the
fascicles and fascicles more numerous on the last year’s wood.

Corolla-lobes often unequal in length, acute. Anthers with the
~ acumen bifid.

PERAK: Wray 189, 1248, up to 3,400 feet.

13. Bassia LoneistyLa, King & Gamble, n. sp. A large tree,
reaching 80 to 100 feet in height; branchlets thick, dark greyish-
brown, innovations minutely pubescent. Leaves chartaceous; elliptic,
shortly and rather abruptly acuminate at both apex and base; glabrous
on both surfaces; 3°5 to 5 in. long, 1:5 to 2 in. broad; midrib
slender ; main-nerves 12 to 14 pairs, leaving the midrib almost at right

186 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

angles and curving upwards to meet near the margin; secondary
nerves somewhat prominent as are the reticulations; petiole -6 to ‘8 in.
long, slender, grooved above. lowers fascicled, often up to 10 together,
on tubercles above the scars of fallen leaves on the last year’s wood ;
pedicels slender, glabrous, ‘5 to ‘7 in. long. Calyx-lobes 4, -15 to -2 in.
long, ovate, somewhat acute, somewhat pubescent outside, the 2 outer
enclosing the 2 inner. Corolla with very short (-05 in. long) cylindrical
tube; lobes 8 to 9, rather spreading, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or
emarginate, prominently nerved, glabrous. Stamens 16 to 18, -2 in.
long, inserted in 2 rows on the top of the tube above a short ring of
tawny hairs; filaments :125 in. long, slender; anthers ovate, -075 in.
long, apiculate, extrorse. Ovary cylindrical, style ‘5 in. long, sur-
mounted by a minute rounded stigma. Frwit unknown.

Perak: King’s Collector 2680. Sincarorre: Radley 6498 (?).

This species comes very near to B. Braceana, but the anthers differ so much that
we hesitate to join them.

13. Bassia cupreA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree reaching 60 to
70 feet in height ; branchlets thick, brown, uppermost somewhat angular.
Leaves coriaceous; oblong, obtuse or emarginate at apex, attenuate at
base and somewhat unequal; glabrous above, sparsely hairy on the
nerves beneath, otherwise glabrous; 4°5 to 6 in. long, 2°5 to 3 in.
broad; of a coppery-brown colour when dry; midrib very thick and
prominent ; main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, starting at an angle of about 50°
with the midrib, curving upwards to and along the margin; reticulations
visible but not strong; petiole thick, ‘75 to 1 in. long, bordered above
by the decurrent margin of the blade. Flowers fasciculate in the axils of
the leaves or of the scars of fallen leaves, 2 to 5 or more in a fascicle,
fragrant ; pedicels -5 in. long, pubescent; buds conical, -3 in. long.
Calyz-lobes 4, -25 in. long; 2 outer valvate, broadly ovate, shortly
pubescent ; 2 inner rounded concave, shallowly emarginate, ciliate and
scarious on the margins, pubescent without. Corolla ‘4 in. long; tube
funnel-shaped, -1 in. long, mouth densely brown-hirsute; lobes 8-9,
erect or spreading, -3 in. long, oblong, rounded at apex, long brown-
silky-pubescent on back, strigosely hairy within. Stamens 18 to 22,
inserted on the mouth of the tube; filaments hairy, -05 in. long;
anthers ovate-acuminate, -15 in. long, the connective produced in a
long tually curved acumen, strigosely hirsute. Ovary oblong, glabrous, —
8-10-celled, ending in a style ‘5 in. long surmounted by a minutely
9-10-lobed flat stigma. Fruit not seen.

Perak: Scortechim 1879.

This species comes near to B. Motleyana, Clarke, but the flowers are much larger
and different.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 187

14. Bassta Morneryana, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 546.
(1882). An erect lofty tree of swampy places; branchlets dark brown,
marked by prominent leaf-scars. Leaves coriaceous; elliptic, shortly and
abruptly acuminate at apex, cuneate at base, the two sides sometimes
unequal ; glabrous on both surfaces ; 4 to 5 in. long, 1°5 to 2°5 in. broad ;
midrib prominent, raised above; main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, irregularly
spaced, generally at about an angle of 60° with the midrib, meeting near
the margin in a looped intramarginal nerve; secondary nerves prominent,
similar to the main-nerves, reticulations few; petiole ‘8 to 1-2 in. long,
rather thick, bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade. Flowers
fascicled, many together (10 to 12), in the axils of the leaves or of the
sears of fallen leaves below the terminal tuft, often fully clothing
the branchlets for a distance of 6 in. or more; pedicels slender, -4 to
‘7 in. long, buds ovoid. Calyx-lobes 4, -15 to :2 in. long, ovate, obtuse
or somewhat acute, sparsely pubescent, the inner pair somewhat
scarious on the margins. Corolla campanulate, -15 to ‘2 in. long;
tube short, about 4 of the whole; lobes 8, 4 outer enclosing 4 inner,
oblong-spathulate, obtuse at tip and ciliately ferruginous-pubescent.
Stamens 16, inserted on the top of the tube on a ring of long ferruginous.
hairs ; filaments short, slender ; anthers ovate-lanceolate, short-apiculate.
Ovary rounded, villous, 6-8-celled ; style 5 in. long, thick, sparsely
pubescent. F'rwit an obovoid glabrous berry, acute at top and
furnished with the remains of the persistent style; calyx-lobes also
persistent; ‘5 in. long, ‘3 in. broad, 1-2-seeded. Seeds oblong, acute at
both ends; testa crustaceous, shining; albumen none; cotyledons
fleshy; radicle small. Burck in Ann. Jard. Buit. V. 44. Isonandra
Motleyana, de Vriese in Mig. Journ. Bot. Neerl. I. (1861) 257.

Mataccea: Griffith (K.D.) 3608; Derry 1026. JoHorE: Ridley 6496.
SinGAporRE: Fiidley 5645, 5896.—Distris. Borneo (fide Burck).

De Vriese says the milky juice gives a gutta of bad quality, being more waxy and
fragile than that of other kinds.

Var. Scortechinu, King & Gamble. Leaves much larger, 6 to 8 in.
long, 2°5 to 3°5 in, broad, main-nerves 15 or 16 pairs. Frwt nearly
globose—a dark green berry, shining when dry.

ParRak: Scortechim, at Port Weld, No. 1550; King’s Collector 5454,
6735, on low, wet ground—a tree reaching 60 to 80 feet in height and
15 to 20 in. in diam.

15. Bassia cungata, Bl. Bijdr. 675. A tree (?); branchlets dark
brown, scarred, rather thick. Leaves coriaceous; clustered at the
ends of the branchlets, greenish-brown when dry, obovate, obtuse-
emarginate or very shortly and abruptly acute at apex, cuneate at base;

188 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

glabrous, margins slightly recurved; 4 to 5 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad;
midrib stout, prominent, impressed above; main-nerves not prominent,
about 20 pairs, nearly at right angles to the midrib, anastomosing near
the margin with the secondary nerves ; reticulations transverse ; petiole
‘6 to 1 in. long, bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade.
Flowers in axillary fascicles as long as the petiole, not seen. Fruit a
globose berry °75 to 1 in. in diam., 1-3-seeded. Seeds °5 to -7 in. long,
‘5 in. broad and thick, ovoid, not compressed, pointed at both ends;
testa crustaceous, chestnut-brown, shining; hilum very broad (-4 in.);
albumen none; cotyledons fleshy, semi-ellipsoidal. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.
IT. 1041; A. DC. Prod. VIII. 199 ;' Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. ITI.
546; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. I. 154.

Matacca: Maingay (K.D.) 986. Singapore: fiidley 6502.—
Distris. Java.

16. Bassta PENANGIANA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A _ tree(?);
branchlets dark grey. Leaves chartaceous ; oblong-lanceolate, acutely
attenuate at both ends; glabrous, greyish-green when dry; 5 to
7 in. long, 1°5 to 2:5 in. broad; midrib broad, conspicuous, impressed
above and then keeled; main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, starting at an
angle of about 50° with the midrib and curved upwards to and along
the margin ; reticulations transverse, raised above; petiole 1 to 1-2 in.
long, bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade, swollen at base;
stipules very small, ovate, pubescent, caducous. lowers in fascicles of
about 5 to 6 in the axils of the leaves; pedicels slender, -4 to °5 in.
long, appressed rusty-pubescent. Calyz-lobes 4, ovate, obtusely
acuminate, recurved, *2 in. long, lower half thick, wrinkled, upper
half thinner, somewhat scarious, sparsely appressed golden-pubescent.
Corolla tubular-campanulate, -25 in. long; lobes 8 (?), oblong-spathulate,
glabrous within, golden-pubescent without; tube rather shorter than
lobes. Stamens 16(?), inserted in a ring of hairs on the top of the
tube; filaments slender; anthers linear-oblong, hirsute, the connective
produced in a rather long, somewhat blunt, penicillate mucro. Ovary
conical, glabrous; style slender, ‘3 in. long; cells 8.

PEeNnane : Curtis 1450.

17. Bassia ERYTHROPHYLLA, King & Gamble, n.sp. A tree, 40 to
50 feet in height and 1 foot in diam. ; branchlets thick, grey, marked
with the scars of fallen leaves and the tubercles of fallen flowers.
Leaves coriaceous: obovate-oblong, shortly and bluntly acuminate at
apex, unequally attenuate at base; glabrous, orange-red when dry,
margins slightly recurved; 6 to 8 in. long, 1:5 to 2°5 in. broad;
midrib thick, prominent below, impressed above ; main-nerves 10 to 12
pairs, rather irregular, starting at an angle of 60° from the midrib and

a

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 189

curved upwards to and along the margin; reticulations transverse,
prominent, raised beneath ; petiole 1°5 to 2 in. long, thickened at base,
bordered above by the decurrent margins of the blade, younger ones
golden-pubescent ; stipules linear-subulate, -3 to -4 in. long, quickly
eaducous. flowers fascicled, about 5 to 6 together, on raised tubercles
above the scars of fallen leaves on year-old wood; pedicels in fruit
thick, ‘5 to ‘6 in. long, golden-pubescent. Calyzx-lobes 4, in fruit ovate-
‘acute or rounded, densely golden-pubescent on both surfaces, thick ;
rest unknown. fruit a globose, golden-pubescent, berry somewhat
depressed at top and bearing the remains of the persistent style,
*O to ‘6 in. in diam. Seed not seen.
PenanG : at Highlands, Curtts 3652 (Kew) or 5652 (Calc.).

7. PALAguium, Blanco.

Trees, often of great size and containing a milky juice. Leaves
usually coriaceous, obovate or oblong, petioled, entire, sometimes
covered beneath with a dense silky or tawny pubescence. Flowers
fasciculate, in the axils of the leaves or of the scars of fallen
leaves, pedicellate. Calyx of 6 lobes, the outer 3 valvate, the inner 3
imbricate. Corolla usually campanulate, tube short; lobes 6, imbricate,
often contorted in bud. Stamens 12 or more (up to 18), opposite to and
alternate with the corolla-lobes, those alternate often shorter and some-
times inserted higher up the tube; anthers ovate-lanceolate, dehiscence
extrorse, connective produced; staminodes none. Ovary villous, 6-celled;
style subulate. Fruit a fleshy, ovoid or ellipsoid, berry, 1-2-seeded.
Seeds large, exalbuminous; the testa crustaceous; cotyledons thick,
fleshy ; radicle pointed, inferior.—Distr1s. About 50 to 60 species,
found in South India, Ceylon, Eastern Bengal, Burma, the Malay
Peninsula and Archipelago, the Philippines, and Samoa (1 sp.).
Dicuorsis, Thw. in. Gen. Pl. II. 658.

Pedicels never over -75 in. long, distributed for some distance
down the upper branchlets :-—
Leaves large, 5 to 12 in. long, obovate-obtuse; branchlets
stout, nearly °5 in. thick :—
Leaves nearly glabrous and glaucescent beneath, main-
nerves distant, irregular ze ae .. L. P. obovatum.
Leaves ferruginous-pubescent or -tomentose beneath,
main-nerves fairly close and regular :—
Leaves appressed-pubescent beneath, midrib glabrous
on upper surface .. se oa -. 2. P. Maingayi.
Leaves spreading-tomentose beneath, midrib hairy on
upper surface -- ee ae .. 3. P. Clarkeanum.
Leaves rarely over 6 in. long, branchlets rarely -25 in.
thick :—
Leaves always more or less obovate :—

14

190 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Leaves golden-silky-pubescent beneath :—

Main-neryes close, over 20 pairs -. 4. P. Guita.
Main-nerves about 4 in. apart, under 20 “kes .. 5. P. Oxleyanum.
Leaves not or only very slightly silky-pubescent
beneath :—
Leaves conspicuously red or yellow when dry .. 6. P. canthochymum.

Leaves not conspicuously red or yellow when dry,
usually brown or greenish-brown :—

Leaves over 3 in. long 7. P. bancanum.
Leaves 2 to 3 in. long Hi .. 8. P. Ridleyi.
Leaves under 2in.long .. Mc -. 9. P. microphyllum.
Leaves elliptic, not obovate :—
Produced connective of anthers bifid at point; leaves
glabrous .. . 10. P. hexandrum.
Produced ooenbette of seaany eagle at iat eaves
grey-pubescent beneath 36 . 11. P. Herveyi.
Pedicels 1 in. long or longer, clustered only at the minnie pate
of the branchlets ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 3-6 in. long .. 12. P. stellatum.

1. Panagurum opoyatum, King & Gamble. A big tree with a foxy -
odour (Ridley), evergreen; the branches thick, brown, marked by the
very prominent scars of fallen leaves; leaves clustered towards the
ends of the branchlets; innovations rusty-pubescent. Leaves coriaceous ;
obovate-cuneate or obovate-oblong, obtuse or very shortly acute at
apex, cuneate at base; recurved and somewhat undulate on the
margins ; glabrous above, glaucescent beneath; 5 to 12 in. long, 2
to 4 in. broad; midrib thick, prominent, impressed above, much raised
beneath ; main-nerves about 12 pairs, at an angle of 40° to 40° with the
midrib, inconspicuous above, raised and prominent beneath; reticulations
many, oblique, obscure; petiole thick, ‘7 to 1 in. long, bordered above
by the decurrent margins of the blade, glabrescent or slightly rusty-
pubescent. lowers in clusters in the axils of the leaves or on tubercles
above the scars of fallen leaves; pedicels 3 to 5 together, °3 to ‘5 in.
long, rusty-pubescent; buds at first globose, afterwards elongate by
the growth of the corolla. Calyxz-lobes 6; outer 3 triangular-ovate,
thick, pubescent outside, -15 in. long; inner 3 imbricate, ovate-obtuse,
‘1 in. long, margins scarious. Corolla campanulate ; tube very short ;
lobes 6, imbricate and twisted, ‘4 to ‘5 in. long, glabrous without, slightly
pubescent within. Stamens 12, the 6 longer opposite to, the 6 shorter
alternate with, the lobes of the corolla, ovate lanceolate, apiculate,
thickly rusty-villous; filaments as long as anthers, slender, glabrous.
Ovary globose; style ‘5 in. long, subulate, glabrous. Fyrwit a globose
berry, ‘75 to 1 in. in diam., pulp fleshy, seeds 1 to 2. Seed ovoid,
scarcely flattened on one side, pointed at base; testa thin, shining;
albumen none, cotyledons fleshy. Dichopsis obovata, Clarke in Hook.
f. Fl. Br. Ind. i. 542. Jsonandra obovata, Griff. Notul. iv. 293; Kurz

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 191

For. Fl. II. 120 and Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 230. Bassia?
hypoleuca, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 582 (fide Kurz).

Penane: Holmberg 783. Mauacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3606; Maingay
(K.D.) 985, 996 ; Curtas 3480, 3481, 3482 ; Hervey 2754 ; Derry 59, 88;
Fiidley 10079 ; Goodenough 1994. Stnaapore: T. Anderson 122; Ridley.
—Distris. Tenasserim, Sumatra.

Curtis says it gives a low class bastard gutta of little value. Vern. ‘‘ Niato bunga ”
“¢ Niato tunbaga ” ‘‘ Niato balam.”’

2. Pataguium Maineayi, King & Gamble. A tree; stems reach-
ing 60 feet in height and 10 to 15 in, in diam.; branchlets dark
brown, rough, about ‘4 in. in diam., marked by the large scars of fallen
leaves; innovations densely short-rusty-pubescent. Leaves charta-
ceous; Obovate, obtuse at apex, cuneate or slightly rounded and more or
less auricled at base; margins recurved; glabrous above except on
midrib, thickly ferruginous-pubescent beneath; 5 to 13 in. long, 3 to
7 in. broad; midrib stout, impressed above, prominent beneath, main-
nerves 12 to 20 pairs, -5 to °8 in. apart, starting at an angle of about 55°
with the midrib, parallel to near the margin and then curving upwards
to join in a marginal nerve; reticulations not prominent, obliquely join-
ing the main-nerves; petiole 1 to 1°5 in. long, thickly rusty-pubescent,
channelled above by the decurrent margins of the blade; stipules
subulate faleate, 5 in. long, very caducous. lowers fasciculate, up to
10 together, in the axils of the leaves or of the scars of fallen leaves ;
pedicels ‘5 to ‘7 in. long, rusty-pubescent. Calyx-lobes 6; outer 3 valvate,
ovate, densely pubescent, -15 in. long; inner 3 imbricate, orbicular,
depressed at top, scarious and ciliate on the margins, ‘15 in. long.
Corolla campanulate ; tube short (:1 in.) ; lobes 6, imbricate, overlapping
to the right, ovate-oblong, glabrous, -25 to -35 in. long. Stamens 12,
‘25 in. long, opposite to and alternate with corolla-lobes; anthers ovate,
apiculate, slightly rusty-hirsute behind; filaments as long as anthers,
slender. Ovary rounded; style ‘2 to ‘4 in. long, subulate; cells 6. Prut
a shining, green, fleshy berry, about °5 in. long, supported by the per-
sistent calyx. Seeds 2, oblong; testa dark brown, crustaceous ; albumen
none. Dichopsis Maingayt, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl, Br. Ind. III. 543.

Perak: Wray 524, 553, 2215, up to 2,000 feet ; King’s Collector 6644.
Mauacca: Maingay (K.D.) 996/2; Hervey.

P. Ottolanderi, Koord. & Val. of Java is near this species, but is readily dis-
tinguished by its larger flowers and long pointed fruit.

3. Panaquium CLARKEANUM, King & Gamble. A large tree, with
thick rough bark and spreading branches, reaching 100 to 150 feet in

192 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

height and 2 to 4 feet in diam. of stem; branchlets stout, uppermost
‘5 in. in diam., prominently pitted with the scars of fallen leaves, densely
ferruginous-tomentose. Leaves chartaceous ; obovate, obtuse at apex,
cuneate at base; glabrous above except on the midrib which is strongly
pubescent, densely ferruginous-tomentose beneath; margins recurved ;
8 to 10 in. long, 4 to 5 in. broad; midrib very thick; main-nerves 18
to 22 pairs, rather irregular, starting at about 70° to 80° with the midrib,
straight at first then arching at and along the margin, impressed above;
reticulations obliquely transverse, prominent; petiole ‘7 to 1 in. long,
thick, densely ferruginous-tomentose, enlarged at base. Flowers not
seen. Fruit an oblong, glossy, bright green berry, 2 in. long, 1-seeded.
Seed oblong, acute at both ends, rounded on the back, flattened at the
hilum, 1:2 in. long, ‘5 in. broad; testa thin, chartaceous, shining,
chestnut-brown ; hilum oblong; cotyledons oblong, fleshy. Dzchopsis
Clarkeana, Brace MS. in Herb. Cale.

Perak: at Waterfall Hill, 600 feet, Wray 580; on open hills near
Lartt at 500 to 1,000 feet, King’s Collector 3796.

Wray says the gutta it gives is not enough in quantity to be worth extraction. The.
tree is evidently closely allied to P. Maingayi, and might almost be made a variety
of that species.

"4. Pataguium Gutta, Burck in Ann. Jard. Buit. V. 24, t. IV.
(1885). A large evergreen tree; branchlets rough, prominently marked
with the scars of fallen leaves and with longitudinal wrinkles ;
innovations minutely ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves coriaceous ;,
obovate or obovate-oblong, abruptly and usually shortly acuminate
at apex rarely rounded, cuneate at base; margins slightly recurved ;
glabrous above, densely appressed-golden-silky-pubescent beneath
especially when young, when old glabrescent; 3 to 5 in. long, 1°5
to 2:5 in. broad; midrib prominent, impressed above; main-nerves
24 to 30 pairs, indistinct, starting at rather more than 60° with the
midrib, parallel and arching only close to the margin; secondary
nerves and reticulations inconspicuous, the latter very oblique; petiole
1 to 1:5 in. long, slender, grooved above, slightly thickened at base,
appressed-golden-pubescent. Flowers in fascicles of about 4 to 5, in
the axils of the leaves or of the scars of fallen leaves on the previous.
year’s wood; pedicels thick, -1 to ‘2 in. long, somewhat angular,
densely golden-pubescent. Calyz-lobes 6; 3 outer valvate, triangular-
ovate, ‘3 in. long; 3 inner imbricate, rather longer and more acute,
golden-pubescent without. Corolla rotate-campanulate ; tube shorter
than the calyx; lobes 6, ovate, obtuse, imbricate and twisted at first,
afterwards spreading, ‘25 in. long, glabrous. Stamens 12, opposite to

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 193

and alternate with the corolla-lobes, inserted at the top of the tube ; fila-
ments equal, slender, ‘1 in. long; anthers shorter than the filaments, ovate,
extrorse, the connective produced in a broad point. Ovary sub-globose,
slightly pubescent, 6-celled; ovules oblong, one in each cell; style
*4 to ‘5 in. long, filiform; stigma obtuse. Mruit a 1—-2-seeded berry,
‘6 to ‘7 in. in diam., ovoid, acute at top; pulp very glutinous, hard.
Seeds oblong, rounded at the ends; hilum very large, elliptic, occupying
about one-half of the surface; testa shining. Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn.
Par. I. 498; Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. i. 135, fig. 71; Baill.
Hist. des Pl. XI. fig. 296. Dichopsis Gutta, Benth. in Gen. Pl. IT. 658;
Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 5438. ILsonandra Gutta, Hook. Lond.
Journ. Bot. VI. 463 t.16; Walp. Ann. i. 496; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT.
1038 t. XXXVI.; Bentl. & Trim. Med. Pl. t. 167.

PENANG: Curtis 780, 3535, 3582, 3633, 3635. Prrak: Wray 522.
Matacca: Maingay (K.D.) 983. Diypines: Hallifax (Curtas 3639).
Sincarore: Lobb 290; Ridley 9519, 11320.

The true guttapercha tree, perhaps the most valuable of all the trees of the
Peninsula. It gives the ‘‘Taban” Gutta or ‘‘Taban Merah.” It has become very
scarce in a wild state, but is now being much planted, so perhaps it may soon again
become common (see also H. C. Hill, Reports on Forest Conservancy in the Straits
Settlements and the Federated Malay States, and Burn-Murdoch in “ Indian Forester,”
XXXI. 309, ‘‘Some Facts about Gutta Percha.”) Ridley, in Trans. Linn. Soc. II.
(1893), 317, says the tree was seen by him in several places in the Tahan woods, and
that a considerable amount of guttapercha is collected there.

Var. oblongifolia. A large tree; stem reaching 80 feet in height
and up to 2 feet in diam. Leaves larger than in the typical form,
obovate-oblong or lanceolate-oblong; longer, abruptly acuminate,
reaching 7 in. in length and 3 in. in breadth, rather more con-
spicuously golden-pubescent. Flowers similar but a little larger,
pedicels a little shorter. Fruit rather larger, less acute at top. P.
oblongifoluwm, Burck in Ann. Jard. Bot. Buit. V. 25 tab. V. Isonandra
Gutta var.| oblongifolia, de Vriese, Tuinbouw Flora (1856), III. 226,
Isonandra Gutta, var. B. swmatrana, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 1038,
-and Suppl. 581.

PERAK: Curtis 3637, 3725; Wray 535; Murton; King’s Collector
6475. JoHorE: Curtis 3632—in open forest in the hills at 500 to
1,000 feet.—Distris. Sumatra, Borneo. Gives guttapercha like the

type.

We are unable to find sufficient characters for separating this, as a species, from
P. Gutta, as is done by Burck. The specimens available seem to point to a regular
series of intermediates, so that it can scarcely be even maintained as a variety. It is
possible that P. malaccense and P. formosum, Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Par. I. 498,
are both forms of P. Gutta, but we have seen no specimens. SBeccari in ‘‘ Nelle

194 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Foreste di Borneo,” p. 558, suggests the identity of the latter species with P.
oblongifolium.

5. Pauaguium Oxueyanum, Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Par. I. 498
(1885), non Burck. A large tree; branchlets dark brown, marked by
prominent scars of fallen leaves; innovations minutely ferruginous-
pubescent. Leaves coriaceous; oblong-obovate, abruptly and shortly
acuminate at apex, cuneately attenuate at base ; glabrous above, densely
appressed-golden-pubescent beneath, finally glabrate, margins recurved;
5 to 8 in. long, 2°5 to 3 in. broad; midrib prominent, thick, impressed
above; main-nerves 14 to 18 pairs, irregular, sometimes branched, -4 to
‘5 in. apart, starting at an angle of about 60° with the midrib, curved
near the margin to meet in a rather faint looped intramarginal nerve; -
secondary nerves few; reticulations few, horizontally transverse ;
petiole 1 to 1:5 in. long, somewhat thickened at base, minutely rusty-
pubescent, channelled above and bordered for some distance by the
decurrent margins of the blade; stipules minute, falcate, caducous.
‘Calyz-lobes 6; 3 outer rather thicker than 3 inner, ovate, sub-acute,
densely ferruginous-pubescent, °25 in. long. Fruit a nearly globose
berry, 1 in. long and about -75 in. in diam. Seeds oblong; testa
shining, crustaceous. Duichopsis pustulata, Hemsl. in Herb. Kew.

Prenane: Curtis 3582. Prax: Curtis 3631, 3638, 3724—on the
hills up to 2,500 feet; Wray 511 (part), 590; Douglas; Phillips.
SELANGOR: Curtis 3763, 3764. Sincapore: Maingay (K.D.) 983 (the
No. 1948 quoted by Pierre) ; Jas. Collins (a pustulate form apparently
diseased).

This species gives apparently the ‘“‘ taban sutra” or ‘‘taban putih”’ guttapercha,.
which is not one of the best quality.

Var. glabrata King & Gamble. Leaves smaller, about 1:5 in. broad,
glabrate beneath, zarely slightly golden-pubescent; fruit oblong;
branchlets grey, very rough with scars of fallen leaves and flowers.

Perak: Wray 511 (part), 518.

P. Oxleyanum, Burck Ann. Jard. Buit. v. (1886) 33, is a different plant altogether
(see Teysmann’s specimen in Herb. Kew).

6. PALAQUIUM XANTHOCHYMUM, Pierre ex Burckin Ann. Jard. Buit. V.
30 (1885). <A large handsome tree ; the stem reaching 80 to 120 feet in
height and 2:5 to 3 feet in diam.; branchlets dark brown, innovations
rusty-pubescent; leaf-bud scales lanceolate, ciliate, about -1 in. long.
Leaves coriaceous, glossy-green; obovate, obtuse and often emarginate
at apex, cuneate at base; glabrous on both surfaces, margin recurved,
reddish when dry; 2°5 to 4 in, long, 1:5 in. broad; midrib prominent,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 195

impressed above ; main-nerves obscure, about 12 to 14 pairs at about 60°
with the midrib; reticulations scarcely visible; petiole :5 to ‘6 in. long,
channelled above by the decurrent margins of the blade; stipules
ovate, ciliate, very small, caducous. Flowers fascicled, up to 8 together,
in the axils of the leaves or of the scars below them; pedicels slender,
recurved, ‘2 in. long; buds very small, conical. Calyx-lobes 6, :1 in.
long; 3 outer valvate, 3 inner imbricate, ovate-acute, rusty-pubescent.
Corolla campanulate, *3 in. long, tube short; lobes 6, imbricate, oblong,
blunt. Stamens 12, inserted on the top of the tube; filaments stout,
curved; anthers ovate-sagittate, mucronate, extrorse. Ovary rounded,
glabrous ; style -1 in. long, subulate. F7rwit an ovoid berry, glabrous.
Isonandra xanthochyma, de Vriese Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. XXI. 311,
and Miq. Journ. Bot. Neerl. i. 259. Dichopsis rubens, Clarke in Hook.
f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 548.

PERAK: King’s Collector 7288—on low ground and rich soil.
Mauacca : Maingay (K.D.) 995. Sinearore: Cantley 63; Ridley 3774.
—Distris. Borneo.

,

Produces a guttapercha of a yellowish colour and second quality (de Vriese).

7. Panuaguium BANCANUM, Burck in Ann. Jard. Buit. V. 43 (1885).
A very large evergreen tree; stems reaching 80 to 100 feet (Curtis),
100 to 120 feet (Kunstler) in height, with a girth of 10 to 12 feet;
branchlets rough, prominently marked with the scars of fallen leaves,
upper branchlets and innovations slightly but minutely rusty-pubescent.
Leaves coriaceous ; clustered at the ends of the branchlets, obovate
or obovate-oblong, abruptly and very shortly acute at the otherwise
rounded apex, cuneate at base; margins slightly recurved; glabrous
on both surfaces, the lower with very minute glandular scales; 3 to 4
in. long, 1:5 to 2°5 in. broad; midrib prominent, impressed above;
main-nerves very obscure, about 14 to 16 pairs, inclined at nearly
70° to midrib and at first parallel, afterwards arching, reticulations
very faint; petiole -7 to 1 in. long, edged above with the decurrent.
margins of the blade, glabrous. Flowers fasciculate, clustered about
_ 2 to 4 together in the axils of the leaves or of the scars of fallen
leaves, often on a length of as much as 4 to 5 in. of the branchlet ;
pedicels and calyx minutely ferruginous-pubescent ; pedicels -1 to -15 in.
long, thick. Calyx-lobes 6, the 3 outer valvate rounded, the 3 inner
imbricate acute, -15 to -2in. long. Corolla campanulate, tube as long
as calyx; lobes 6, ovate, spreading, as long as tube, glabrous except a
slight rusty pubescence within. Stamens 12, the 6 longer opposite to, the
6 shorter alternate with, the corolla-lobes ; filaments inserted on the top
of the tube, slender ; anthers ovate, apiculate, extrorse. Ovary flattened-

196 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

cylindrical, the top rusty-hirsute; style as long as corolla, subulate,
glabrous; cells 6. Fruit a fleshy oblong or obovate berry, smooth,
‘75 in. long, ‘5 in. thick, 1-seeded.

PENANG: Curtis 3583, 3659. Perak: Wray 3984; King’s Collector
6506, 6509. SrincaPpore: Fizdley 6019, 6134, 6502, 6507; Fox 113807
at Bukit Timah; Cantley 73.—Distris. Bangka.

Said to give a kind of “‘ guttapercha.”

8. Pauaquium Ripueyi, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree (?); branch-
lets blackish-grey, rough, innovations minutely rusty-pubescent. Leaves
chartaceous-coriaceous ; elliptic or elliptic-obovate, obtuse, emarginate
or slightly acute at apex, cuneate at base; glabrous on both surfaces,
margins slightly recurved ; 2 to 3 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad ; midrib broad ;
main-neryes 8 to 10 pairs, starting at an angle of about 50° with the
midrib, curving upwards to and along the margin, -2 to ‘3 in. apart;
reticulations many, transverse, impressed above; petiole °5 to ‘7 in.
long flattened and bordered by the decurrent broad margins of the
blade; stipules small, ovate, hirsute, caducous. Flowers small, fas-
cicled in groups of 6 or 7 together in the axils of the uppermost leaves ;
pedicels rather thick, about ‘25 in. long, sparsely appressed-pubescent.
Calyz-lobes 6, 1 in. long ; 3 outer rounded, shortly mucronate, glabrous,
wrinkled when dry ; 3 inner thin, scarious on the margins, ciliate, rusty-
pubescent on both sides. Corolla tubular-campanulate, -15 in. long,
glabrous; lobes 6, oblong, obtuse, erose at tip; tube as long as
lobes. Stamens 12, inserted on the top of the tube opposite to and
alternate with the lobes; filaments slender as long as the lobes;
anthers ovate-acute. Ovary conical, glabrous below, villous above,
surmounted by a conical thick style, (05 in. long, 6-celled. Frwit
not seen.

Stncapore: Liidley 35914.

9. PaLAQUIUM MICROPHYLLUM, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree (?);
branchlets rounded, rough, dotted with scars of fallen leaves and
flowers; innovations dark ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves coriaceous ;
obovate, obtuse or slightly obtusely-acute at apex, cuneate at base;
glabrous on both surfaces, margins recurved; 1 to 2 in. long, ‘7 to
1 in. broad; midrib slender, impressed above; main-nerves indistinct,
about 8 to 10 pairs, nearly at right angles to the midrib; reticulations
very faint even when dry; petiole -4 to ‘5 in. long, bordered above by
the decurrent margins of the blade. Flowers fascicled, 1 to 3 together,
above the scars of fallen leaves on the past year’s wood ; pedicels -2 in.
long, rusty-pubescent. Calyz-lobes 6; outer 3 valvate, ovate-acute,
-15 to °2 in, long, densely tawny-pubescent ; inner 3 imbricate, ovate,

Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula. iy

blunt, scarious and ciliate on the margins, tawny-pubescent on the back,
‘1 to 15 in. long. Corolla tubular-rotate ; the tube very short, scarcely
‘05 in. long; the 6 lobes oblong or nearly spathulate, -1 to -15 in. long,
reflexed in flower, sparsely hairy without. Stamens 12, filaments
slender, recurved ; anthers ovate, ‘075 in. long, bi-mucronate. Ovary
tawny-villous, conical; style -15 to -2 in. long, straight; cells 6.
Fruit not seen.

SINGAPORE: at Bukit Timah, Azdley 10840.

10. PaLaguiuM HEXANDRUM, King & Gamble. A tree; branchlets
light brown, innovations ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves chartaceous,
glabrous ; elliptic-oblong, shortly and bluntly acute at apex, attenuate
and more or less unequal at base; 4 to 5 in. long, 2 to 2°5 in. broad ;
midrib thick, prominent; main-nerves 10 to 13 pairs, starting at about
65° to midrib then arched upwards, reticulations obscure. lowers
fasciculate, 3 to 4 together in the axils of the leaves or the scars of
fallen leaves ; pedicels slender, -4 in. long, minutely pubescent. Calyx-
lobes 6; 3 outer valvate, 3 inner more or less imbricate, pubescent
outside, ciliate, -05 to ‘07 in. long, apex scarcely acute. Corolla cam-
panulate ; tube -1 in. with a ring of hairs near the mouth inside ; lobes 6,
imbricate, -15 in. long, oblong obtuse, spreading. Stamens 12, inserted
on the top of the tube, 6 opposite to and 6 alternate with the lobes,
the alternate ones shorter; filaments slender; anthers exsert, ovate-
lanceolate, bi-mucronate, as long as filaments. Ovary rounded, thickly
rusty-pubescent; style subulate, -25 in. long. Frwit a fleshy berry,
about ‘75 in. in diam., smooth, 1-seeded. Seed ovoid, -7 in. long, °d in.
broad, scarcely flattened; testa thin, brown, shining; hilum very
large, occupying about one-half of the seed; albumen none.
Dichopsis hexandra, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. iii. 543. Ison-
andra hexandra, Griff. Notul. IV. 292. Payena Griffith, Kurz For.
Fl. II. 121, and Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 230 (fide Clarke,
but with doubt).

Manacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3609 ; Maingay (K.D.) 984. SINGAPORE :
Fiidley 11373.—Distris. Burma (?)

11. Panaquium Herveyi, King & Gamble, n. sp. A large tree;
branchlets rather stout, dark brown; innovations minutely rusty-
pubescent ; leaf-bud scales lanceolate, -15 in. Leaves chartaceo-cori-
aceous ; elliptic or elliptic-obovate, very shortly acute or sometimes emar-
ginate at apex, cuneately attenuate often unequally at base; glabrous
above except on midrib and nerves, sparsely rusty-pubescent beneath,
afterwards glabrate, cinereous when dry ; 2 to 3:5 in. long, 1:25 to 1-75 in.
broad; midrib prominent; main-nerves 5 to 7 pairs at about 45° with
the midrib and arching upwards, reticulations obscure ; petiole ‘d in. long

198 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

bordered above by the decurrent margins of the blade, rusty-pubescent.
Flowers small, fascicled 4 to 6 together in the axils of the leaves or
on tubercles above the scars of fallen leaves; pedicels -3 in. long,
slender, decurved, pubescent; buds very small, globose. Calyx 6-
lobed, 3 outer valvate, and 3 inner imbricate, :1 in. long, lobes ovate
acute, pubescent. Corolla campanulate ; tube short, rusty-hirsute with-
out; lobes 6, oblong-linear, recurved in flower, hairy within at the
base, ‘15 in. long, imbricate. Stamens 12; filaments long, exsert; anthers
ovate, mucronate, extrorse, as long as filaments, hirsute. Ovary sub-
globose, rusty-pubescent, 6-celled; style slender, 3 in. long; stigma
capitate. Frwt not seen.

Perak: Wray 1104. Manacca: Maingay (K.D.) 995; Scortechine
1892; Hervey. Vern. ‘‘Jongek’’ (Hervey).

Wray says the gutta is sticky and worthless.

12. Pataguium sTELLATUM, King & Gamble. A large tree, stems
reaching over 100 feet in height; branchlets rather thick, dark brown,
rough with the scars of fallen leaves ; innovations ferruginous-pubescent.
Leaves membrano-chartaceous, clustered at the ends of the branchlets;
oblong-lanceolate, shortly acuminate at apex, cuneate at base; nearly
glabrous above, pale and when young tomentose beneath, rusty-
stellate-tomentose (Scortechini) on the nerves on both sides; 3 to 6 in.
long, 1 to 1:5 in. broad; midrib prominent; main-nerves 10 pairs,
starting at about 60° with the midrib and at once curving upwards;
reticulations prominent on both sides in an elegant network; petiole
‘75 to 1 in. long, slender, densely rusty-pubescent. Flowers fasciculate,
3 to 5 together in the axils of the upper leaves, forming almost a
terminal leafy corymb of about 20 to 25 flowers; pedicels slender,
about 1 in. long, densely rusty-pubescent. Calyx-lobes 6, densely
rusty-pubescent, in 2 series; the outer of 3 valvate, ovate, rounded
lobes, the inner of 3 ovate ciliate lobes with scarious margins; both -25
to 3 in. long. Corolla campanulate, -3 to -4 in. long, the tube a little
shorter than the lobes; the lobes imbricate, twisted in bud, rounded at
top, glabrous. Stamens 12 in one series; filaments on the base of the
tube and attached to it, free above, 2 in. long, thickened below, slender
above ; anthers oblong-lanceolate, apiculate, extrorse, ‘1 in. long, gla-
brous. Ovary rusty-pubescent, sub-globose ; style slender, ‘35 in. long ;
cells 6 (?). Frwt not seen. Dichopsis stellata, Scortechini MS. in
Herb. Cale.

PERAK: Scortechimi, 1855.

A very distinct species, looking very like a Bassia. Scortechini says it yields good
gutta, but in small quantities.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 199

8. Mimusors, Linn.

Trees with milky juice. Leaves chartaceous or coriaceous, with
many usually inconspicuous parallel main-nerves. Flowers solitary or
fascicled in the axils of the upper leaves on the branchlets, Calyx-lobes
6 or 8, in 2 series, the outer valvate enclosing the inner imbricate.
Corolla with short tube; lobes 18 or 24 or more in 2 rows, one-third
of the number in the inner, the rest in the outer, row ; lobes of the outer
row often divided.* Stamens 6 or 8, attached to the corolla-tube opposite
the inner lobes; filaments short, dilated, free or connate in a tube with
the staminodes; anthers lanceolate, extrorse, usually apiculate by the
production of the connective. Staminodes alternate with and as many
as the stamens, sub-petaloid, usually fimbriate. Ovary hirsute, 6—8-celled.
Fruit a globose or ovate fleshy berry, epicarp crustaceous; seeds few
or solitary. Seeds ovate or oblong, often oblique, slightly compressed ;
hilum basal or lateral; testa hard, shining; albumen fleshy, thin;
cotyledons flat, leafy—Disrris. Species about 30; in the tropics of
both hemispheres.

Calyx-segments 8; stamens 8; staminodes acuminate, hairy 1. M. Elengi-
Calyx-segments 6; stamens 6; staminodes fimbriate, glabrous .. 2. M. Kauki-

1. Miuusors ExEnat, Linn. Sp. Pl. 349 (1753). An evergreen tree,
stems reaching 40 to 50 feet in height, and with a large girth ; ultimate
branchlets with dark brown rusty pubescence. Leaves chartaceous ;
elliptic, shortly acuminate at apex, rounded (often unequally), at base ;
glabrous on both surfaces, shining above; margins slightly recurved; 3
to 5 in. long, 1-5 to 2°5 in. broad ; midrib prominent, raised on both sur-
faces ; main-nerves numerous, the first pair from the base forming intra-
marginal nerves, which are looped where they meet the 14 to 16 pairs of
main-nerves ; secondary nerves like the main-nerves and, with the reticu-
lations, forming an elegant network ; petiole ‘6 to 1 in. long, slender ;
stipules triangular-subulate, very small, ferruginous-pubescent, very
caducous. Flowers white, fragrant, solitary or in fascicles of 2 to 6 in the
axils of the upper leaves; pedicels ‘3 to -7 in. long, often deflexed,
appressed-ferruginous-pubescent ; buds ovoid, acute. Calyx-lobes 8, ‘3 in.
long, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate; the 4 outer valvate, broader than the
4 inner imbricate and channelled on the back; all rusty-pubescent
without, glabrous within. Corolla with a very short tube, scarcely
over ‘05 in. long; lobes 24, in 2 rows, the 16 outer linear-lanceolate,
the 8 inner rather broader and shorter, linear-oblong. Stamens 8,

* The outer corolla-lobes are now usually considered to be of the character of
stipules to the inner row which constitute the regular petals.

200 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

opposite the lobes of the inner row; filaments slender, ‘05 in. long;
anthers oblong, glabrous, apiculate. Staminodes alternate with the
anthers, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, toothed, clothed on the back and
sides with pale stiff hairs. Ovary silky-pubescent, 6-celled; style slender,
grooved, as long as corolla. fvwitan ovoid berry about 1 in. long; yellow
when ripe, 1- rarely 2-seeded. Seed oblong, -75 in. long, ‘5 broad and
about *25 thick, rounded above, hollowed at base where is the small
oval hilum ; testa crustaceous, dark brown, shining ; albumen thin; coty-
ledons oblong, leafy, nearly as large as the seed cavity; radicle inferior.
Roxb. Cor. Pl. I. 15. ¢. 14, and Fl. Ind. IT. 236; Gaertn. f. Fruct. I. 198,
t. 42; Lamk. Ill. t. 300; Baillon Hist. Pl. XI. 267, figs. 302-309 ; Engl.
& Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. i. 152, fig. 82 E-J; Burck Ann. Jard. Buit.
V. (1886) 61; Wall. Cat. 4146; A. DC. Prod. VIII. 202; Clarke in Hook.
f. Fl. Br. Ind. III.1548 ; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 140 ; Wight Ic. t. 1586 ;
Brandis For. Fl. 293; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 40; Kurz in Journ. As. Soe.
Beng. XLVI. ii. 231, For. Fl. II. 123; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 86; Prain
Beng. Pl. 649; Cooke Fl. Bomb. II. 95. WM. obtusifolia, Bl. Bijdr.
672. “ Hlengi”’ Rheede Hort. Mal. I. 33 t. 20. Rumph. Herb. Amb.
TES9 263.

PERAK : Scortechint 1122. Matacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3612; Maingay
(K.D.) 995/2, 998; Cuming 2265.—Distris. India, Ceylon, Burma,
cultivated in other tropical regions; the fallen corollas are used to
make garlands.

2. Mimusors Kavugi, Linn. Sp. Pl. 349 (1753). A large evergreen
tree ; branchlets thick greyish-brown, extremities somewhat ferruginous-
scaly or -pubescent. Leaves coriaceous, clustered towards the ends of
the branchlets; obovate or elliptic-obovate, obtuse, emarginate or very
slightly acute at apex, cuneate at base; glabrous above, densely and
smoothly grey-silky-pubescent beneath ; the margins slightly recurved ;
2 to 4 in. long, 1:25 to 2°75 in. broad ; midrib prominent; main-nerves
very indistinct, about 14 to 16 pairs, parallel, meeting near the edge in
a looped intramarginal nerve; petiole ‘5 to 1:5 in. long, moderately
thick, channelled above. Flowers thickly clustered towards the ends
of the branchlets; pedicels *75 to 1 in. long, appressed grey-silky-
pubescent, angular. Calyx-lobes 6,25 in. long; 3 outer valvate, ovate,
acute, grey-silky-pubescent; 3 inner imbricate, similar but rather
thinner. Corolla with a very short tube and 18 (or more, exceptionally)
lobes in 2 rows; the outer row 12, lanceolate, acute; the inner
6, spathulate; all -1 in. long or nearly so, glabrous. Stamens 6 to 8,
usually 6, extrorse; filaments -1 in. long, conical, glabrous ; anthers
-1 in. long, linear, blunt. Stanvinodes alternating with the stamens,
-2 to -25 in. long, cuneate, deeply and irregularly fimbriate at apex.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 201

Ovary villous, ovoid, 6-celled; ovules elliptic; style exsert, -4 in.
long, slender. Frwit an ovoid rough berry, ‘1 in. long, 2—4-seeded.
Seeds obliquely obovoid, somewhat curved near the base, ‘6 to -7 in.
long by -4 to ‘5 in. broad and 4 in. thick; hilum lateral towards the
base, -35 in. long, linear-oblong; testa thick, crustaceous, chestnut-
brown ; albumen thin; cotyledons flat, leafy, oblong, ‘3 to -35 in. long;
radicle inferior, rather large. Wall. Cat. 4149: (wpper half); A. DC.
Prod. VIII. 203 ; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 549; Mig. Fl. Ind.
Bat. II. 1042; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. I. 156; Burck in Ann. Javrd.
Buit. V. (1886) 64. M. Balata, Gaertn. f. Fruct. ITT. 133. MW. Balota,
BL Bijdr. 673. M. Hookerz, A. DC. Prod. VIII. 204. WM. Bojeri, A. DC.
le. 205 (fide Miquel). M. dissecta, R. Br. Prod. 531. M. Browniana,
Benth. Fl. Austral. IV. 285.—Rumph. Herb. Amb. iii. 19. t. 8
flor. exe.

Perak: Scortechint. Mauacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3614; Maingay
(K.D.) 987.—Distrris. Ambherst in Burma, Wallich ; Malay Islands;
tropical Australia—cultivated elsewhere for its edible fruit.

The following new species from the Andaman Islands seems worthy
of description here.

MIMUSOPS ANDAMANENSIS, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree (?); branchlets slender,
grey ; innovations, with inflorescence and leaf-petioles, covered with appressed pale
tawny tomentum. Leaves coriaceous; elliptic-obovate, shortly acute at apex, cuneate
at base; margins recurved; glabrous on both surfaces; 3 to 4 in. long, 2 to 3 in.
broad; midrib slender; main-nerves about 15 pairs, parallel, very inconspicuous,
secondary nerves similar to main-nerves, less prominent; petiole slender, -75 to 1 in.
long, channelled above. Inflorescence of 1-3-flowered sessile umbels in the axils of the
upper leaves; pedicels slender, -8 to 1 in. long, angular; buds ovoid-conical, -4 in.
long. Calyx-lobes 8 in 2 series; outer 4 lanceolate, acuminate, valvate, reflexed when
open, ‘4 to °5 in. long; inner 4 as long, linear-lanceolate, deeply channelled on the
back, scarcely imbricate. Corolla-lobes 24, the inner series of 8, oblong-lanceolate,
glabrous, obtuse, each bearing behind it two narrow acute, simple or deeply bifid lobes,
rather shorter than and narrower than the 8 inner lobes. Stamens 8, opposite the
inner corolla-lobes, and shorter than them ; filaments slender, slightly hirsute, -075 in.
long; anthers linear-sagittate, the connective produced in a long apiculus, often bifid.
Staminodes alternate with the stamens and rather shorter than them, densely hirsute,
_ linear-lanceolate, long acuminate, midrib black. Ovary rounded, 8-lobed, pubescent;
style subulate, glabrous, stigma minutely cleft; cells 8, each with a narrow central
ovule. Fruit unknown.

Hill jungle near Port Mouat, S. Andaman, King’s Collector.

In the characters of the corolla-lobes this species seems to be intermediate
between Mimusops and Imbricaria, and, since Engler has recently reduced Imbricaria
to a section of Wimusops, we have no hesitation in describing it under that genus.

202 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Order LXXIT. EBENACEA.

Shrubs or trees with usually hard wood. Leaves alternate, rarely
sub-opposite, entire, usually coriaceous, ex-stipulate. Flowers usually
dicecious, regular; the females usually (and the males sometimes)
solitary; the males (and the females occasionally) in short, usually
bracteate, axillary or extra-axillary cymes ; pedicels articulated. Calyx
inferior, gamosepalous, campanulate or tubular, with 3 to 7 valvate,
imbricate or contorted, often accrescent, lobes. Corolla gamopetalous,
variously shaped; the lobes 3 to 7, usually contorted, sometimes
imbricate or valvate in bud. Stamens in the g and ¢ flowers in a
single series, and as many as the corolla-lobes, or 2- or more-seriate
and 2 or more times as many; filaments shorter than the anthers,
free or in pairs, or variously connate below; anthers linear, usually
with longitudinal dehiscence, the connective often apiculate; in the ¢
flowers reduced to staminodes with empty or abortive anthers, or
absent. Disk none. Carpels in the g flowers abortive or absent;
in the ¢ or 2 flowers connate into a sessile superior ovary, with 2 to 8
usually more or less united styles; the cells as many as or twice as
many as the styles with imperfect septa; ovules twice as many as the
styles, anatropous, pendulous from the inner angles of the cells. Fruit
a coriaceous or fleshy berry, several- or few-seeded. Seeds pendulous,
usually oblong, vertically furrowed; testa thin; albumen copious,
uniform or ruminate ; embryo axial; radicle superior.—Distris. About
320 species, in the tropics generally.

Flowers often 3-merous; ovary 3- or 6-celled .. 2s .. 1. Mapa.
Flowers mostly 4-5-merous; ovary 4-5 or 8-10-celled .. .. 2. DiosPyRos.

1. Mapa, Forst.

Trees or shrubs; leaves alternate, entire. Flowers dicecious (monce-
cious in M. Maingayt), axillary, shortly pedicellate or in small dense
cymes; usually 3-merous, rarely 4- or 5-merous. Calyx 3- to 5-fid or
partite, rarely sub-truncate, often cup-shaped and accrescent. Corolla-
twbe usually longer than the calyx; lobes of the limb 3, twisted to the
right hand. Male flowers: stamens 3 to 21; filaments distinct, in.
pairs or otherwise united; anthers oblong; ovary rudimentary.
Female flowers: stanvinodes 0 to 12; ovary 3-celled or perfectly or
imperfectly 6-celled, 6-ovulate. Fruit ellipsoid or globose, baccate,
glabrous or hairy, 1-6-celled and 1—6-seeded, rather dry or fleshy ;
albumen not ruminate.—Distris. Species about 70; tropical.

Flora of the Malayan’ Peninsula. 203

Leaves opposite or almost opposite =: ote -. 1. WM. Hierniana.
Leaves alternate :—
Leaves puberulous on the lower surface, their veins prominent... 2. M. venosa..
Leaves densely velvety pubescent on the lower surface, their
veins obsolete .. o¢ ae se .. 3. WM. olivacea.
Leaves glabrous or nearly so :—
Leaves broadly ovate or elliptic, 3 to 5 in. long and 1°65 to
2°65 In. broad; main-nerves 3 to 5 pairs : 4. M. merguensis.
Leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate 1°5 to 3 in. fone and °65 ‘é
1:35 in. broad :—

Main-nerves 6 or 7 pairs; fruit globular ae -. Od. M. Clarkeana.
Main-nerves obsolete; fruit obliquely ellipsoid .. -» 6. MW. perakensis.
Leaves polymorphous (mostly elliptic obovate or sub- agiead)-
fruit globular, fusiform .. 5c a0 -- V7. M. busxifolia.

1. Masa Hierniana, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small glabrous
shrub; young branches much thinner than a goose-quill, pale,
glabrous. Leaves opposite, thinly coriaceous; oblong-elliptic, the
apex shortly acuminate, the base cuneate, the edges slightly recurved
when dry; both surfaces hepatic-brown when dry and shining, the
reticulations on the upper distinct; main-nerves 8 to 10 pairs, curved,
ascending and forming wide arches near the edge, prominent on the
lower surface, faint on the upper; the midrib bold on both; length 6
to 10 in.; breadth 2 to 3°5 in.; petioles °3 to 6 in. Male flowers
seb acon Female flowers Pie, ‘4 in. across, almost sessile, in
axillary or extra-axillary fascicles of 2 or 3. Calyx spreading, divided
almost to the base into 3 to 5 rotund, minutely crenate, slightly
imbricate lobes. Corolla nearly twice as long as the calyx, deeply
divided into 5 broadly oblong blunt lobes with slightly recurved edges ;
sstaminodes 3 or 4, with short thick filaments and broad antherodes.
Ovary depressed-hemispheric, with short, thick, conical style and
‘small stigma. rut not seen.

Perak: King’s Collector 7920.

2. Mapa venosa, King & Gamble. A tree 15 to 50 feet high;
young branches twice as thick as a crow-quill, the bark pale and
deciduously cinereous-puberulous. Leaves alternate, thinly coriaceous ;
oblong-elliptic, acute or shortly acuminate, the base slightly cuneate
or rounded; both surfaces dark olivaceous when dry; the upper
shining, glabrous except the puberulous depressed midrib and main-
nerves; the reticulations minute but distinct; lower puberulous
everywhere and the midrib prominent; main-nerves 6 to 9 pairs,
prominent, curved, spreading, tC aEERIPE boldly near the edge; length
4-5 to 65 in.; breadth 2 to 3 in.; petioles -35 to -5 in. Male and
Jemale flowers alike, in densely sandal extra-axillary cymose fascicles
of 5 or 6, not longer than the petioles; flowers mostly sessile, one or

204 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

two in each fascicle on a short densely hairy pedicel, rotate, -3 or °4 in.
in diam. Calyx very coriaceous, divided to the base into 3 spreading
broadly ovate lobes with broad blunt apices and concave bases, partly
adpressed-pilose and partly glabrescent. Corolla smaller and less
coriaceous than the calyx, tubular, glabrous, its lobes ovate-elliptic.
Male flowers with 6 stamens in 2 rows, 3 of them small;
anthers cordate, filaments flat; rudimentary ovary ovoid, apiculate,
with a dense ring of coarse hair at its base. Female flowers with a
few flat staminodes; the ovary broadly ovoid apiculate, hirsute in its
lower part; styles 3, glabrous, distinct, the stigmas broad. Fruzt
ovoid-globular, glabrous, °75 in. long and ‘6 in. in diam., blunt at apex
and base, the latter subtended by the 3- sometimes 4-lobed, thick,
almost woody, accrescent calyx, its lobes spreading, their edges reflexed.
Seeds elliptic, plano-convex. Dzospyros venosa, Wall. Cat. 4126.

SincaporE: Fidley 4961; King’s Collector 3495, 3862, 7643.

3. Mapa onivacea, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree 50 to 70 feet
high; young branches half as thick as a goose-quill, puberulous, pale
cinereous when dry. Leaves coriaceous, alternate; elliptic, shortly and
abruptly apiculate, the base rounded or cuneate, the edges much
recurved when dry; upper surface olivaceous, shining, glabrous except
the depressed rusty-puberulous midrib; lower surface softly velvety-
pubescent, olivaceous, the hair on the bold midrib and 5 to 8 pairs
of curved spreading rather prominent main-nerves rusty; length 3 to
5°5 in. ; breadth 1:5 to 2:25 in.; petiole -4 in., tomentose. Male flowers
sessile, ‘15 in. long, in branched condensed axillary and extra-axillary
cymes less than 1 in. long; bracteoles broad, blunt, small. Calyx -1 in.
long, tubular-campanulate, tomentose outside, glabrous inside, divided
nearly to the base into 4 broadly ovate obtuse erect lobes. Corolla
cylindric-campanulate, glabrous except the hairy edges of the 4 oblong
lobes. Stamens 8 large and 4 small, lanceolate, on short filaments.
Female flowers not seen. Fruit ellipsoid, blunt at each end, the apex
crowned by the short style, glabrous, about ‘d in. long, and *4 in. in
diam. Calyx at the base of the fruit thick, spreading, ‘6 in. across,
with 4 ovate, blunt lobes with reflexed edges.

Perak: King’s Collector 7877; Wray 1269. Lanxawi: Curtis
1661.

4, MaBA MERGUENSIS, Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. XII. 134
(1873). A small, nearly glabrous tree; young branches thicker than a
crow-quill. Leaves alternate, thinly coriaceous, ovate or elliptic, shortly
and obtusely acuminate, the base cuneate or rounded ; main-nerves 3 to
5 pairs, slightly curved, ascending; length 3 to 5°5 in.; breadth 1:65
to 2°65 in.; petiole about 25 in. long. Male flowers in dense minutely

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 205

pubescent branching axillary cymes only 1 to 1‘d in. in diam. Calyx
less than 25 in. long, with 3 or 4 obtuse triangular lobes. Corolla
slightly larger than the calyx, shortly 3- or 4-lobed. Stamens 14 to
16, glabrous; rudimentary ovary minute. Female flowers 3- or
4-merous. Calyx lobed half-way down. Corolla 3- or 4-merous;
Staminodes 3 or 4. Ovary-cells 6, 1-ovulate. Styles 3, distant,
glabrous. Frwt sub-globular; its calyx ‘5 in. in diam. with 3
ovate acute spreading lobes. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. XLVI,
ii. 232, and For. Fl. II. 139; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. ITI.
582.

Penane: Helfer (K.D.) 3618; Curtis 705, 718.—Distris. Burma.

Very imperfectly represented in Herbaria.

5. Masa CuarKeana, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree 20 to 30 feet
high ; young branches twice as thick as a crow-quill, puberulous when
young, ultimately glabrous, cinereous with small black strie. Leaves
alternate, coriaceous; oblong, the apex blunt and sometimes minutely
notched, the base cuneate ; upper surface olivaceous, glabrous, shining
when dry ; lower surface dull, paler, sparsely and deciduously adpressed-
pubescent and the minute reticulations rather distinct; main-nerves
6 or 7 pairs, spreading, very faint on both surfaces ; midrib bold in the
lower, depressed on the upper surface; length 1°5 to 3 in., breadth
"65 to 1:25 in.; petioles ‘lin. long. Male flowers small (only ‘1 to -15 in.
long), crowded in sessile cymes -25 to °5 in. long, in the axils of the
upper leaves, with a few oblong bracteoles. Calyx sessile or sub-
sessile, adpressed-pubescent outside, glabrous inside, divided half-way
down into 3 sub-erect broadly ovate acute lobes. Corolla smaller than
the calyx, densely sericeous outside, glabrous inside, divided to the
base into 3 ovate-lanceolate, with an inner row of 3 or 6 similar
but narrower, lobes. Stamens 6, in pairs, joined by the bases of their
broad filaments; anthers lanceolate. Female flower unknown. Fruit
globular, -35 in. in diam., glabrous. Calyx at its base thick, with
3 obtuse angles. Seeds 3, 3-sided, -25 in. long.

PERAK: King’s Collector 4816.

6. Mapa PERAKENSIS, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree 50 to 60 feet
high; young branches as thick as a crow-quill, minutely puberulous
becoming glabrous, dark-coloured, sub-glaucous. Leaves coriaceous,
alternate ; rather broadly oblong to oblong-lanceolate, the apex acute,
the base broad and rounded or slightly cuneate; both surfaces dark
olivaceous, the upper shining, the lower dull; main-nerves obsolete ;
midrib minutely pubescent, prominent on the lower surface, depressed
on the upper; length 2°5 to 3 in., breadth °75 to 1:35 in.; petioles

15

206 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

‘15 in. long. Male flowers about :15 in. long, 8 or 10 together in dense
sessile axillary clusters not much exceeding the petioles. Calyx sessile
or nearly so, campanulate, slightly pubescent outside, glabrous inside,
deeply divided into 3 broadly ovate acute lobes. Corolla tubular;
adpressed-sericeous externally, glabrous inside, cut half-way down into
3 ovate acute lobes. Stamens 12, 6 of them united by the bases of
their filaments ; anthers of all lanceolate apiculate, their bases cordate.
Female flower not known. Fruit obliquely ellipsoid, the apex shortly
apiculate, glabrous; the calyx at the base sub-ligneous, flat, deeply
divided into 3 broad ovate-rotund lobes with reflexed edges and blunt
tips. Seeds 2, oblong.

Perak: Wray 3130; King’s Collector 3945, 5519.

7. Masa BuxiFouia, Pers. Syn. II. (1807) 606. A bush or small tree ;
young branches puberulous at first, ultimately glabrous. Leaves
small, alternate, coriaceous; varying from elliptic to obovate, the
apex sub-acute or obtuse, the base always narrowed; upper surface
olivaceous, the lower brown; the midrib bold; reticulations rather
distinct on the upper surface only ; main-nerves 4 to 6 pairs, spreading,
slightly prominent on the upper surface, indistinct on the lower ; edges
slightly recurved ; length -35 to 1 in.; breadth 3 to °6 in. ; larger in the
varieties; petiole less than ‘5 in. Flowers solitary, or 2 to 3 in short
cymes, 3-merous. Calyx -1 in. long, campanulate, with short triangular
lobes. Corolla campanulate with short triangular lobes. Male flowers :
stamens 6 to 12, glabrous; rudimentary ovary hairy. Female flower :
stamens none; ovary 3-celled; style at the apex 3-lobed. Firwit
globose or ellipsoid, -35 in. long, 1-seeded. Calyx at its base
cupular, often very short; albumen equable. Wight Ic. t. 763; A. DC.
Prod. VIII. 240; Thwaites Enum. Pl. Ceyl. 183; Trimen FI.
Ceyl. III. 89; Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. XII. 116; Kurz
Hor,’ Fl. EL. 1139) Clarke ins Hook, i, EC Br ind yeaa:
littorea, Br. Prod. 527. M. Cumingiana, M. madagascariensis, M.
guineensis, M. Smuthiana, A. DC. l.c. 241. M. neilgherrensis, Wight
Ill. t. 148 bis. H. M. Hbenus, Wight Ic. tt. 1288-9 (not of Spreng.).
Maba ? Wall. Cat. 7461. Ferreola buxifolia, Roxb. Cor. Pl. I. 35, t. 45,
and Fl. Ind. III. 790.

Mauacca: Maingay (K.D.) 979; Griffith (K.D.) 3641. Lanexawr:
Curtis 2557. Prnane: Curtis 708.—Distris. Malay Archipelago,
Br. India, N. Australia, Philippines, tropical Africa,

A variable species, of which two varieties are recognised by Mr. C. B. Clarke in
Hooker’s ‘‘ Flora of British India.” Both these have leaves LOE! than as above
described, but neither occurs in our region.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 207

2. Diospyros, Linn.

Trees, rarely shrubs. Leaves alternate or rarely sub-opposite,
entire. Flowers dicecious, very rarely polygamous, axillary and
short-pedicelled, or in small cymes; the 2 often, and the 3 sometimes,
solitary ; usually 4- or 5-merous, rarely 3-merous. Calyx usually
deeply-lobed, rarely truncate, often in the @ larger than in the ¢
and often accrescent and plicate or auriculate in fruit. Corolla tubular
with short deep lobes, or salver-shaped, or campanulate; the lobes
contorted to the right in bud. Stamens in the 3 flowers 4 to 64, often
16; their filaments distinct, paired or polyadelphous; anthers linear,
rarely short; ovary rudimentary. In the ? flowers, staminodes 0 to
16; ovary 4—-5-celled or imperfectly 8-10-celled ; the cells usually with
1, rarely with 2 ovules; styles or stigmas 1 to 4. Frwt a globose,
ellipsoid or ovoid-conic, berry, usually subtended by the enlarged
(sometimes woody) calyx; flesh pulpy or viscid. Seeds oblong, usually
compressed ; albumen equable or (rarely) ruminate.—Distris. About
220 species, chiefly in the tropics.

Leaves membranous or thinly coriaceous, glabrous or hairy ;

$ flowers in small cymes or fascicles, 4-5-merous; stamens

usually 8, 12, or 16; flowers sub-solitary ; ¢ calyx longer than

that of the ¢, not accrescent or but slightly so, in fruit :—
Leaves under 5 in. long :—

Fruit globular, glabrous ; stamens 16 00 1. D. Wrayi.
Fruit cylindric or oblong-conical, glabrous; stamens spam
16; leaves 1 to 1:4 in. long, and under °65 in. broad .. 3. D. microphylla.
Fruit ellipsoid :—

Stamens 8 :—

Fruit puberulous :—
Leaves ee under 2°25 in. long, lanceolate or

sub-rhomboidal . 3 .. 2. D. subrhomboidea.
Leaves usually over 2:25 in. lone allliitic oblong .. 6. D. Scortechinii.
Fruit glabrous ; leaves 2°5 to 4:5 in. long .. 5. D. gracilifiora.
Stamens 12; leaves 3:25 to 5 in. long; fruit glabrous.. 7. D. flavicans.
Fruit not known; stamens 12; leaves under 2in. long .. 4. D. dumosa.
Leaves over 5 in. long; fruit Geen rusty-setose ;
stamens 6 to 12 o0 8. D. apiculata.

Leaves coriaceous, upper surface Plabre ous and efitintinns: ; flowers
mostly 4-merous, a few 5-merous; ¢ flowers in small cymes or
clusters ; calyx deeply lobed, often larger in the ¢ and differing
in shape from that of the g :—
Calyx 4-lobed :—
Leaves under 5 in. long :-—
Leaves under 1°5 in. broad :—
Calyx of ¢ flower densely sericeous-pubescent, lobes
reniform; fruit ovoid or sub-globose, rusty villous,
its calyx 1 in. in diam. D0 00 .. 9. D. lanceefolia.

208 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

Calyx-margins of ¢ flower tomentose, lobes broadly
ovate ; fruit globose, ultimately glabrous, -75 in. long
Leaves 1°5 to 2°5 in. broad :—
Stamens about 12; main-nerves of leaves 8 to 9 pairs
Stamens about 16; main-nerves of leaves 6 to 7 pairs
Stamens 16, in pairs; main-nerves of leaves 5 pairs
Leaves usually more than 5 and less than 7°5 in. long :—
Leaves under 6°5 in. long, over 2°5 in. broad ; fruit olive-
shaped, nearly 2 in. long and 1-25 in. in diam.
Leaves under 2°5 in. broad :—
Leaves under 6°5 in. long; main-nerves of leaves net
visible, probably many pairs; fruit depressed-globose,
1-35 in. in diam. ; persistent calyx thick, woody
Leaves under 7°5 in. long; main-nerves 5 to 8 pairs;
fruit ellipsoid, 1 in. in diam. ; persistent calyx with
large membranous lobes ae oe 3
Leaves usually more than 6 and less than 12 in. long :—
Leaves beneath covered with appressed sericeous hair ;
stamens 20 to 24; main-nerves of leaves not visible
Leaves beneath glabrous except the midrib, which is
covered with dark hair; main-nerves of leaves 7 to 8
pairs; fruit glabrous 50
Leaves beneath glabrous or pal witty ailvennare: —
Leaves usually 3 to 3°5 in. broad :-—
Main-nerves of leaves 8 to 10 pairs; apex caudate-
acuminate, base cuneate a
Main-nerves of leaves 10 to 12 pairs; ree acne
base rounded
Leaves reaching 4 in. broad; fon Plapreccente --
Main-nerves of leaves 8 to 14 pairs; apex sub-acute
Main-nerves of leaves 16 to 20 pairs ; apex shortly
acuminate 36 oe
Leaves 3°5 to 45 in. broad ; main-nerves of leaves 8 to
12 pairs; apex acute; fruit ner ee -tomentose,
ridged .
Leaves 8 to 14 in. fone! 2:5 to 5 in. broad; main-nerves
14 to 18 pairs ; fruit sub-globose, 1 in. in diam., immersed
in the thickened calyx ..
Leaves 10 to 18 in. long, 2 to 4 in. pean main-nerves
14 to 20 pairs; fruit depressed-globose, 2 in. in diam.,
seated on a cupular calyx 2c :
Calyx 5-lobed :—
Leaves glabrous beneath, 7 to 9 in. aiid 3 to 3°75 in.
broad ; main-nerves 16 to 18 pairs
Leaves puberulous on the midrib and main-nerves penenttn
5°56 to 7°5 in. long, 2°5 to 3-25 in. broad; main-nerves 10
to 12 pairs ..
Leaves glabrous * Aen 5:5 to 9 in. long, ik 5 to 2°5 in.
broad ; main-neryes 10 to 12 pairs
Leaves Dae coriaceous, glabrous above, pabeodlons beneath ;
both g and ¢ flowers in few-flowered cymes, on long, slender,
extra-axillary peduncles, pendulous; calyx 5-lobed, not accres-
cent in fruit

ele

. 25.

eile

J All.

17.

. 18.

> ig),

23.

24.

. 28.

5 PAU

5

15.

. 16.

96 7401 1D)

5 5).

Seb &

i ts

lucida.

pachyphylla.
clavigera.
styraciformis.

. bilocularis.

. oletfolia.
. paniculata.
. argented.

. tristis.

- paucifiora.

ellipsotdea.
Horsfieldii.

toposioides.

Kunstlert.

. Wallichiz.

. rigida.

. oblonga.

. Helferi.

. brachiata.

. nutans.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 209

SPECIES IMPERFECTLY KNOWN.

Calyx of fruit long, woody, its lobes pointed and much reflexed,

leaves glabrous .. le .. 930. D. reflexa.
Leaves oblong, hairy beneath, powete at ine base. Calyx in fruit
small. Fruit globular, rusty-pubescent . 31. D. penangiana.
Leaves quite glabrous, elliptic, nemomed at ova end, not

cordate. Fruit globular with small calyx : 32. D. rufa.
Leaves coriaceous, quite glabrous, oblong, selon settee,
Male flowers in terminal tomentose cymes 33. D. areolata.

Leaves membranous, oblong or oblong-elliptic, sieinore, iBlganaite
flowers in fascicles of about 3. Calyx with reniform lobes; pedi-

cels bi-bracteolate. Corolla salver-shaped is 34. D. Curtisii.
Leaves membranous, puberulous beneath. Male flowers in Alaina

short hairy glomeruli. Stamens 8 se .. 385. D. glomerulata.
Leaves puberulous beneath. Calyx-lobes 4 ; stamens 16 .. 36. D. caliginosa.

1. Diospyros Wrayi, King & Gamble, n. sp. A shrub 4 to 12 feet
high; young branches as thick as a crow-quill, cinereous- or rusty-
puberulous. Leaves small, alternate, membranous; ovate-lanceolate to
narrowly elliptic, shortly acuminate, the base cuneate; both surfaces
dark olivaceous; the upper very shining and minutely reticulate, glabrous
except the puberulous depressed midrib; the lower more brown and
dull, the midrib pubescent and prominent, the reticulations less distinct ;
length 2 to 4 in., breadth -75 to 1:5 in.; petioles -05 to-1 in. Male
flowers -25 in. long, 2 to 4 together in small axillary cymes, black when
dry, puberulous, pedicels very short. Calyx less than ‘1 in. long, narrowly
campanulate with 4 deep ovate lobes. Corolla three times as long as
the calyx, salver-shaped, sub-glabrous; limb with 4 oblong lobes.
Stamens 16, united in pairs by the bases of the unequal filaments, broadly
lanceolate, inserted near the base of the tube. Female flowers like the 3
but longer—especially the calyx. Stamnodes about 8, lanceolate. Ovary
glabrescent, ovoid-conic, tapering into a rather long style; stigmas 4,
fleshy, short. Frwit globular, crowned by the short style, glabrous,
shining, black when ripe (when dry); calyx at its base -75 in. across,
coriaceous, deeply divided into 4 oblong blunt or sub-acute reflexed
lobes.

PERAK: Scortechiw; Wray 2764, 3272, 3955; King’s Collector
2076, 2993.

2. DIosPYROS SUB-RHOMBOIDEA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A shrub
4 to 6 feet high; young branches thinner than a crow-quill, softly
tawny-pubescent, pale brown when dry. Leaves small, alternate ;
lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate or sub-rhomboidal, bluntly acuminate,
the base cuneate; both surfaces olivaceous-brown when dry, the
upper dark, glabrous except the puberulous midrib, the lower
sparsely adpressed pubescent especially on the bold midrib; main-

210 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

nerves 4 or 5 pairs, curved, ascending, faint on both surfaces; length
1:5 to 2:25 in., breadth ‘6 to -8 in.; petiole about ‘lin. Male flower
‘6 in. long, solitary, axillary on a short tomentose pedicel with 2 broad
bracteoles. Calyx less than -1 in. long, pubescent outside, glabrous
inside, deeply divided into 4 broad obtuse almost quadrate imbricate
lobes. Corolla salver-shaped; the tube cylindric, tapering to the apex,
tomentose outside ; limb as long as the tube but less hairy outside,
glabrous inside like the tube, deeply divided into 4 oblong sub-acute
lobes with inflexed edges, twisted to the right in bud. Stamens 8,
attached near the bottom of the tube, 4 shorter than the others;
anthers all lanceolate, and on short filaments. Female flower not
known. fruit ellipsoid, sparsely adpressed-puberulous, crowned by
the conic style, ‘8 or ‘9 in. long and ‘4 in. in diam. Calyx at its base
°25 in. across, flat, with 4 spreading, broad, blunt lobes.

Prerak: Wray 4055; King’s Collector 7302.—Distris. Sumatra,
Forbes 2004.

3. DIoSPYROS MICROPHYLLA, Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. 27, t. exxxiii.
(1874), and Fl. Sylv. Madr. cxlv. A tree 20 to 30 feet high; young
branches as thick as a crow-quill or thinner, densely pubescent. Leaves
thinly coriaceous, alternate, distichous ; ovate-lanceolate, sub-rhomboid,
the apex sub-acute, the base cuneate; upper surface dark olivaceous-
brown, glabrous except the pubescent depressed midrib ; the lower dark
brown, puberulous, the midrib pubescent; main-nerves obsolete on both
surfaces; length 1 to 1:4 in., breadth -45 to -65 in.; petiole ‘05; the
largest leaves towards the ends of the branches. Male flowers solitary
or 3 together in a minute cyme. Calyx :05 long, deeply 4-lobed, tube
glabrate. Corolla slightly longer than the calyx with 4 rounded lobes.
Stamens about 16. Female flowers -2 in. long, axillary, solitary, pedicel-
late or in a pair on a short peduncle. Calyx campanulate, deeply
divided into 4 sub-rotund imbricate very obtuse lobes, sericeous on the
middle outside and on the edges, otherwise glabrous. Corolla salver-
shaped, somewhat longer than the calyx, deeply cut into 4 unequal
rotund lobes, adpressed-puberulous on the back of the lobes, otherwise
glabrous. Ovary ovoid, sericeous near the apex and base; style thick,
2-fid ; stigmas 4. Ovary 4-celled, ellipsoid, conic, 4-celled, cells 1-ovuled.
Frwit cylindric or oblong-conical, dry, glabrous, 1-celled, 1- rarely
2-seeded, ‘75 to 1 in. long. Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. ITI. 559.
D. buxifolia, Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. XIT. 218. D. vaccini-
oides, Wall. Cat. 4130 (in part). Leucoxylum buatfoliwm, Blume Bijdr.
1169; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 1050; Choisy Mem. Ternstr. 43 t. 2.

Mauacca: Griffith (K.D.) 8643; Walker 170; Maimgay (K.D.) 966.
Singapore: Lidley 6045. Prnanea: Curtis 1518, 7175. PrRaxk:

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 211

Scortechint 2052.—Distris. Andaman Islands, South India, Malay
Archipelago.

4. Diospyros pumosaA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small tree;
young branches as thick as a crow-quill, glabrous, dark-coloured
when dry. Leaves small, alternate, membranous ; lanceolate, shortly
acuminate, the base cuneate ; upper surface dark olivaceous when dry,
glabrous; lower yellowish, slightly puberulous on the slightly pro-
minent midrib and 4 or 5 pairs of curved ascending nerves; length 1°5
to 2in.; breadth -5 to ‘75 in.; petiole ‘05in. Male flowers -5 in. long,
in small axillary sessile fascicles of 3 or 4. Calyx -25 in. long, deeply
divided into 3 or 4 ovate-lanceolate acuminate lobes, concave along the
midrib, and with undulate edges, pubescent. Corolla twice as long as the
calyx, narrowly tubular, deeply divided into 4 narrow oblong glabrous
lobes, the tube pubescent inside and outside. Stamens 12, inserted at
its base on unequal slender filaments; anthers broadly lanceolate,
much apiculate. Female flowers solitary, axillary, shortly pedicellate,
‘4in. long. Calyx cleft to the base into 4 large broadly ovate reniform
bluntly acuminate undulate lobes, sparsely adpressed-pubescent on
both surfaces, -25 in. long and as much across. Corolla a little
longer but less hairy than the calyx, fleshy, tubular, tetragonous,
divided for half its length into 4 narrow oblong lobes. Staminodes
8, linear-lanceolate, apiculate, on slender filaments. Ovary narrowly
ellipsoid, tapering to the rather long style, glabrous. Fruit unknown.

PERAK: Wray 3508. JUNKSEYLON (Tongka): Curtis 2907.

5. DIosPYROS GRACILIFLORA, Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc.
XII. 191 (1873). A glabrous tree 40 to 50 feet high; young branches
less than half as thick as a goose-quill, deciduously puberulous, dark-
coloured and striate when dry. Leaves thickly membranous, alternate ;
rather narrowly elliptic, shortly and bluntly apiculate to caudate-
acuminate, the base much narrowed and often slightly oblique; both
surfaces dull dark olivaceous-brown when dry, glabrous except for
some minute hairs on the nerves beneath; main-nerves about 5 pairs,
eurved, ascending, depressed or obscure on the upper surface, pale and
slightly prominent on the lower like the midrib; length 2-5 to 4-5 in.,
breadth -75 to 1:35; petioles -1 to -2 in. Male flowers -5 in. long, few
together, in small axillary cymes about as long as the petioles, sessile,
puberulous. Calyx large, two-thirds to one-half the length of the
corolla, but much wider, deeply divided into 4 large ovate-rotund
undulate semi-erect lobes. Corolla narrowly tubular, one-third to one-
half longer than the calyx; the tube externally with 4 lines of
pubescence, otherwise glabrescent; limb with 4 deeply oblong broad
blunt glabrous spreading sub-undulate lobes. Stamens 8, in two rows,

212 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

4 of them smaller than the other 4; anthers linear-lanceolate, apicu-
late, the filaments flat, very short; rudimentary ovary small, narrowly
ovate, glabrous. Female flowers like the g and often mixed with
them, but sometimes solitary. Ovary broadly ovoid, with short style,
glabrous. Frwit ellipsoid, 1 in. long and ‘75 in. in diam., glabrous,
crowned by the short remains of the style, and subtended by the
calyx with 4 spreading, undulate, sub-glabrous lobes. D. flavicans,
Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. XII. 205 (as to female plant parily).
D, decipiens, Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 563.

Maracca: Maingay (K.D.) 972 (2 only). PrEraKx: Scortechini
181, 198; Wray 1298, 2848, 3214, 4227; King’s Collector 884, 3298,
3354, 3366, 3588, 3394, 5173, 6742, 7990, 10463. Prnane: Curtis
3041.—Distrip. Java, Beccari 1560.

6. Diospyros Scortecuinu, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree 15 to
30 or even 50 feet high; young branches as thick as a crow-quill,
tawny-puberulous, angled, pale when dry. Leaves alternate, small,
membranous ; narrowly elliptic-oblong, acuminate, much narrowed at
the base to the short petiole; both surfaces olivaceous-brown when
dry, the upper glabrous, the lower often puberulous, especially on
the midrib; main-nerves 8 to 12 pairs, spreading, curved, ascending,
somewhat distinct on the lower surface, faint on the upper as are the
transverse reticulations; length 2 to 4 in., breadth -6 to 1:25 in.;
petiole -1 to -15 in. Male flowers -d in. long, in shortly pedunculate
axillary fascicles of 2 or 3, or solitary and pedicellate. Calyx -1 in.
long, tomentose outside, glabrous inside, ‘1 in. long, campanulate,
deeply divided into 4 broad almost truncate lobes. Corolla coriaceous,
‘3 in. long, glabrous ; tube tapering a little to the apex ; lobes 4, oblong,
sub-acute, spreading. Stamens 8; anthers shortly lanceolate, as long
as the filaments. Female flowers longer than the ¢, solitary, the
pedicel as long as the calyx, tomentose. Ovary ellipsoid, densely
pilose; style short, conic; stigmas small, glabrous. wit ellipsoid,
crowned by the very short style, puberulous. Calyx at its base
cupular, -2 in. across, tomentose outside, ‘75 in. long and -4 in. in
diam.

Perak: Curtis 2092; King’s Collector 2407, 4126, 5002, 5296, 6356;
Scortechint 377; Wray 638.

7. DiosPyRros FLAVICANS, Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soe. XII. 205
(1873). A tree 40 to 70 feet high ; young branches rather thicker than a

crow-quill, cinereous-puberulous becoming glabrous. Leaves alternate,
- thinly coriaceous ; elliptic to oblong-elliptic, apex shortly acuminate, the
base cuneate ; upper surface when dry olivaceous, glabrous, the lower
pale brown, densely puberulous on the stout midrib; main-nerves 5 to

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 213

7 pairs, curved, ascending; length 3:25 to 5 in., breadth 1°35 to
2:5 in.; petioles ‘1 to -15 in. Male flowers -45 in. long, 2 to 6
together, in axillary or extra-axillary bracteate sessile tomentose
fascicles. Calyx sub-sessile, campanulate, pubescent outside, glabrous
inside ; the limb deeply divided into 5 broadly ovate, bluntly acuminate
spreading lobes. Corolla salver-shaped; tube slightly inflated and
glabrous in the lower half outside, cylindric and pubescent in the
upper half, inside glabrous; limb with 4 broadly oblong obtuse
glabrescent spreading lobes. Stamens 12, of different lengths,
attached in 3 rows in the tube; anthers lanceolate-cordate, apicu-
late; filaments slender and of varying length; rudimentary ovary
none. Female flowers conspicuously bi-bracteate, in cymes like
the g but shortly pedunculate. Calyx as in the g¢ but less deeply
lobed. Frwit ellipsoid, not much narrowed at the ends, slightly
tetragonous, glabrous, ‘75 in. long and about -35 in. in diam., crowned
by the short remains of the style; the calyx clasping its base, about
half as long, with 4 deep triangular lobes. Seeds 4, ridged. Clarke in
Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. ITI. 562; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI,
li. 236, For. Fl. IT. 135. Guwuatteria? flavicans, Wall. Cat. 7295.
Ebenacea, sp. 2, Griff. Notul. IV. 291.

Mauacca: Griffith (K.D.) 454, 3623; Maingay (K.D.) 972 (as to
male plant only); Helfer (K.D.) 3639? Pxrnane: Curtis 1602.
SELANGOR: Azdley 10556. Perak: 2058; King’s Collector 2480,
3304, 3380, 3774, 6149, 6633, 10007.

8. Diospyros APICULATA, Hiern in Trans. Camb. Philos. Soe. XII.
186 (1873). A shrub or small tree; young branches half as thick as
a goose-quill, fulvous-hirsute. Leaves alternate, membranous ; oblong
or elliptic-oblong, sometimes rather oblanceolate, finely caudate-
acuminate, slightly narrowed to the rounded or somewhat cuneate
base; both surfaces dark olivaceous-brown when dry, transversely
reticulate; upper surface sparsely adpressed-pubescent, the midrib
and main-nerves pubescent and slightly depressed; lower surface
darker, and with many long rather coarse hairs, especially on the
prominent midrib and 8 to 10 pairs of slightly curved ascending
main-nerves ; length 5-5 to 7 in., breadth 1:5 to 2:5 in.; petiole
‘1 in., tomentose. Male flowers about 3 together, axillary, sub-sessile,
*35 in. long. Calyx 4- to 5-partite, about -25 in. long, pubescent, lobes
narrowly lanceolate. Corolla tubular, 4-lobed, -4 in. long, the lobes
_ spreading, oval, obtuse. Stamens 6 to 12, unequal, glabrous ; anthers
linear-oblong, acuminate ; filaments often geniculate, dilated and some-
what united at the base, rudimentary ovary small, hairy. Female
flowers 1 to 3 together on short axillary, minutely hispid cymes.

214 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Fruit sub-sessile, solitary, ovoid-conic, finely rusty-setose, especially
in the upper half, about 1 in. long and ‘5 to °75 in. across, apiculate.
Seeds about 4, albumen not ruminate. Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br.
Ind. IIT. 553.

Matacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1514. Prax: King’s Collector 5127,
6770. Prnane: Curtis 1584.

9. DiosPYROS LANCEHFOLIA, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 93 (1814). A tree ;
young branches twice as thick as a crow-quill, adpressed-puberulous,
dark brown when dry. Leaves alternate, coriaceous ; oblong, lanceolate
or oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, the base rounded or cuneate,
the edges recurved; both surfaces olivaceous-brown when dry, the
upper darker and shining, the lower paler and dull; main-nerves 7 to
9 pairs, spreading, faint on both surfaces; midrib bold on the lower
surface, depressed on the upper; length 2 to 3 in.; breadth ‘65 to
1 in.; petiole -15 to -2 in. Male flowers sessile in clusters. Calyx
15 in. long with 4 ovate tawny-sericeous lobes. Corolla °35 to ‘5 in.
long, narrowed upwards, the lobes :15 in. long. Stamens about 16;
anthers linear, glabrous or slightly pilose at the base; filaments
minutely pilose. Female flowers solitary or in pairs on the branches
below the leaves, °5 in. long. Calyx -3 in. long, very coriaceous,
densely sericeous-pubescent on both surfaces, deeply divided into
4 erect, broadly reniform, acute lobes. Corolla a little longer than
the calyx, densely sericeous-tomentose outside, the tube glabrous
inside; lobes of limb 4, oblong, very thick. Staminodes 8, linear
compressed. Ovary broadly ovate, acuminate, densely silky; stigmas
4, glabrous. Fruit ovoid or sub-globose, rusty-villous ; its calyx 1 in.
in diam. with thickened tube and spreading lobes. Roxb. Fl. Ind.
II. 587; A. DC. Prod. VIII. 232; Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc.
XII. 213; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. XLVI., ii. 236, and For. Fl.
IJ. 136; Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 562. D. multifiora,
Wall. Cat. 4144; A. DC. le. 231. D. amena, Wall. Cat: 4139 ;
ie IDIGG IG a SHE;

SINGAPORE: firdley 4964. Panana: Ridley 1601.—Distr1p.
Assam range of hills, Burma, Sumatra.

The chief characters separating this from D. lucida, Wall., are the longer lobes of

the calyx of the female flower and the somewhat larger and more hairy fruit. This
species is not common within our area, whereas D. lucida is a common tree.

10. Diospyros PACHYPHYLLA, Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III.
568 (1882). A tree; young branches rather thinner than a goose-quill,
deciduously puberulous, soon glabrous. Leaves coriaceous, alternate ;
elliptic or oblong, sub-acute, the base rounded; both surfaces when

Flora oy the Malayan Peninsula. 215

dry rather pale olivaceous-brown, glabrous; the upper shining, the
lower glaucous, dull; main-nerves 8 or 9 pairs, curving upwards, faint
on both surfaces midrib bold on the lower surface, depressed on the
upper; length 3 to 5 in., breadth 1°5 to 2:5 in.; petiole -25 to -4 in
Male flowers in short rusty-pubescent axillary and extra-axillary cymes
from *5 to ‘75 in. long, bracts ovate, ‘1 in. long. Calyx ‘15 in. long,
campanulate, adpressed rusty-tomentose on both surfaces, cut half-
way into 4 broad triangular erect lobes. Corolla tomentose externally
(fide C. B. Clarke) nearly -5 in. long, its lobes about -1 in. Stamens
about 12; anthers linear, with villous connective and glabrous
filaments. Female flowers unknown. Fruit globular, the apex con-
cave and bearing the short remains of the style, ‘65 in. in diam.,
minutely rusty adpressed-pubescent, becoming glabrous; the calyx
at its base woody, cupular, with 4 broad lobes with reflexed apices.
Matacca: Maingay (K.D.) 974. Sinaarpore: Ridley 5644.

This does not agree with D. undulata, Wall., of which Hiern, in Trans. Camb. Phil.
Soc. XII. 215, makes it a variety. It comes much nearer to, but is smaller in all its
parts than, the plant named by us D. Wallichii, which was originally issued as
D. macrophylla, Wall. Cat. 4141.

11. Diospyrros cnaviaERA, Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. ITT. 558
(1882). A tree; all parts glabrous except the minutely pilose-ciliate margin
of the calyx. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, elliptic, tapering slightly
to each end (sub-rhomboidal) ; both surfaces warm brown when dry, the
upper glabrous, shining, the lower dull; main-nerves 6 or 7 pairs,
little curved, ascending, slightly prominent on the lower surface, faint
on the upper; length 3°25 to 4:5, breadth 1°5 to 2:15 in. ; petioles -15
to -2in. Male flowers 3 to 16 together in small sub-sessile axillary and
extra-axillary cymes. Calyx ‘15 in. long, deeply divided into 4 obtuse
lobes. Corolla (in bud) -35 in. long, clavate, glabrous outside, the
upper part very thick, 4-lobed. Stamens about 16, glabrous; anthers
oblong, shortly apiculate. Female flower and fruit unknown. D.
Eibenum, Hiern (not of Koenig) in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. XII. 208
(in part).

Mauacca: Maingay (K.D.) 971; Griffith (K.D.) 3635. Lanexawr:
Curtis 3418. Styeapore: Maingay 5066.

12. Diospyros BiLocuLARIS, Oliver in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 2336 (1894).
A glabrous tree 60 to 80 feet high ; young branches about the thickness
of a goose-quill, dark purplish when dry and shining, slightly striate.
Leaves thickly coriaceous ; elliptic, sub-acute, the base slightly cuneate,
the edges (when dry) recurved ; both surfaces olivaceous when dry, the
upper shining, the lower paler and dull; midrib inconspicuous and

216 Flora of the Malayan Penmnsula.

slightly channelled on the upper surface, bold on the lower; main-nerves
10 to 12 pairs, slightly curved, spreading, interarching far from the
edge, faint on both surfaces; length 5 to 6:5 in., breadth 2°5 to 3:25 in.
Male flowers -65 in. long (in bud) on rusty-pubescent pedicels -3 to
‘4 in. long, in axillary and extra-axillary fascicles of 2 to 4, with a few
tomentose bracteoles at their bases. Calyx very coriaceous, ‘25 in. long
and nearly as much in width at the mouth; limb 4-lobed, the
lobes very short and broad. Corolla narrowly tubular, -4 in. long,
very thick; lobes of limb long, narrowly oblong. Stamens 16;
sub-sessile, linear, sub-equal, apiculate; rudimentary ovary none.
Female flower; calyx and corolla as in the g, staminodes none;
ovary oblong or oval-ovoid, narrowed at the apex, longer than the
calyx, 2-celled; ovules 2 in each celliand pendulous. wit olive-
shaped, shortly apiculate, 1-5 to 2 in. long and 1 to 1-25 in. in diam. at
the middle, yellow when ripe; its pedicel obconic, stout, woody, 4 in.
long; calyx in ripe fruit flat, with 4 broad blunt lobes. Seed solitary;
pericarp thin, only °3 in. across, albumen large stellately ruminate.
Maba Maingayi, Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. XII. 107; Clarke in
Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 552.

Mauacca: Maimgay (K.D.) 976; Derry 1092. Sincarore: idley
27, 2755, 4920. Prrak: at elevations of 1,500 to 2,000 feet, King’s
Collector 7383.

13. Diospyros sTYRACIFORMIS, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree (?);
young branches rusty-pubescent, slightly thicker than a crow-quill.
Leaves thinly coriaceous; elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, the apex sub-
acute or acute, the base cuneate ; upper suface dark olivaceous, shining,
glabrous except the depressed midrib; the lower surface dull, paler,
with deciduous rufous pubescence, especially on the prominent midrib ;
main-nerves about 5 pairs, ascending, little curved, slightly prominent
on the lower surface only; length 2°5 to 4 in., breadth 1 to 2 in. ;
petiole ‘2 to 35 in. Male flowers a few together in short cymes grouped
in small axillary clusters. Calyx :2 in. long, narrowly campanulate,
densely rusty-tomentose externally like the corolla, the mouth with
deep narrowly-triangular teeth. Corolla ‘5 in. long, narrowly tubular,
cut half-way down into 4 oblong blunt lobes. Stamens 16, in pairs,
unequal, linear, apiculate; filaments unequal in length; rudimentary
ovary none. Female flowers solitary, calyx much longer than in the 3;
its 4 lobes thick, broad, reniform, rusty-pubescent. Corolla not known ;
ovary hairy. Fruit globose with the apex truncate and depressed in
the middle, densely but minutely pale rusty-tomentose, ‘5 in. long
and about ‘65 in. in diam. Calyx at its base deeply cupular with
4 spreading triangular teeth. D. nov. spec., C. B. Clarke in Herb.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 217

Kew. JD. hirsuta, Linn. fil.,? var., Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc.
XIT. 165.
Mautacca: Maingay (K.D.) 969. Sincarore: Ridley 3787.

Ridley’s No. 1084, from Bukit Timah, in Singapore, seems to belong to this. The
only specimen I have seen is imperfect.

14. Diospyros Lucipa, Wall. Cat. 4127 (1829). A tree 40 to 50 feet
high; young branches from half as thick to as thick as a crow-quill,
minutely puberulous, becoming glabrescent, dark-coloured. Leaves alter-
nate, coriaceous ; oblong or elliptic-oblong, sub-acute or obtuse, the base
rounded or cuneate, sometimes a little oblique ; both surfaces when dry
pale olivaceous-brown, glabrous; main-nerves 5 to 9 pairs, spreading,
curved, faint on the lower surface, slightly depressed on the upper ;
midrib bold on the lower surface, somewhat depressed on the upper ;
length 1:25 to 4:5 in., breadth -5 to 1:5 in.; petioles -2 to-4in. Male
flowers sessile, in small fascicles. Calyx nearly ‘15 in. long, campanulate,
with 4 erect broadly triangular lobes, tomentose on both surfaces.
Corolla narrowly tubular, more than twice as long as the calyx, tetra-
gonous in bud, sericeous-tomentose outside, the tube glabrous inside ;
limb deeply divided into 4 narrowly oblong thick lobes. Stamens 12 to
16, in pairs united by their short filaments and face to face; anthers
linear, glabrous, minutely apiculate, and on short sericeous filaments ;
rudimentary ovary linear. Female flowers 1 or 2 together, axillary or
extra-axillary, sub-sessile. Calyx longer than in the ¢ , lobed nearly to the
base ; lobes broadly ovate, their recurved margins minutely tomentose.
Fruit globose, 75 in. or more in diam., sub-truncate and slightly
umbonate at the apex, adpressed rusty-pubescent at first, ultimately
glabrous, 4-6-seeded; the accrescent calyx» at its base woody,
cupular, ‘6 in. across with 4 short broad reflexed lobes; albumen of
seed not ruminate. A. DC. Prod. VIII. 233; Clarke in Hook. fil. FI.
Br. Ind. III. 568. D. hirsuta, var. lwcida Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil.
Soc. XIT. 163(not of Linn. fil.)

Mauacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3637; Maingay (K.D.) 970, 973, 977,
3,900; Derry 14389. Perak: Scortechim; Wray 3018, 3056.
Prenane: Curtis 250, 1602; King’s Collector 1050, 1760. SinGapore:
fiidley 2119, 2749, 3580, 4962, 4963, 6129, 8115, 9212, 9517.

This is probably only a southern form of the Indian species D. lanceefolia, Roxb.

15. Diospyros opLonea, Wall. Cat. 4124 (1829). <A tree; young
branches thinner than a goose-quill, purplish-brown when dry, glabrous.
Leaves alternate, coriaceous, glabrous; oblong-elliptic, shortly and
abruptly apiculate, the base rounded or slightly cuneate ; both surfaces

218 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

faintly reticulate, quite glabrous, shining; main-nerves 16 to 18 pairs,
spreading, little curved, interarching boldly at a little distance from the
edges, prominent on the lower surface, depressed on the upper ; midrib
very bold on the lower surface, depressed on the upper; length 7 to 9
in., breadth 3 to 3°75 in. ; petiole -4 in., very stout. Male flowers about
*5 in. long, salver-shaped, in short axillary cymes, coriaceous, sub-
sessile, ‘5 in. long. Calyx and corolla everywhere adpressed-tomentose.
Calyx shorter than the corolla, campanulate, cleft to near the base into
5 oblong, blunt, sub-erect lobes. Corolla-twbe narrow, not constricted at
the throat; limb with 5 large broad rotund lobes with recurved edges.
Stamens 10, united in pairs by the bases of their filaments, the inner
ones smaller, all inserted on the base of the calyx-tube. Female flowers
1 to 5 together, -25 to -3 in. long, with 5 deep ovate-oblong auriculate
sub-plicate lobes. Corolla -35 in. long, densely hairy outside, deeply
lobed; staminodes 5; ovary 10-celled, rusty-hairy. F'vwit sub-globose,
sub-truncate at base and apex, glabrous when ripe; the hispid accrescent
calyx ‘75 in. across, its lobes auriculate; albumen of seed not
ruminate. A. DC. Prod. VIII. 243; Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc.
XIT. 243; Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 569; Mig. Fl. Ind.
Bat. II. 1045.

Manaccea: Mamgay (K.D.) 967. Prnane: Curtis 1564, 2487.
3658. Sincarpore: fiidley 2747, 3031, 6311. PErRax: King’s
Collector 3794, 4924, 7237, 8278.

16. Diospyros Heureri, Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 569
(1882). A tree 20 to 30 feet high ; young branches half as thick as a
goose-quill, pale puberulous, the bark dark. Leaves alternate, coriaceous ;
elliptic or elliptic-oblong, sub-acute or obtuse, the base broad or sub-
acute; the upper surface dark olivaceous-brown when dry, glabrous
except the depressed puberulous midrib, the reticulations minute but
distinct ; lower brown, glabrescent but puberulous on the rather stout
midrib and nerves; main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, rather faint, spreading,
horizontal, interarching boldly about :25 in. from the edge; length 5°5
to 7°5 in., breadth 2°5 to 3:25 in.; petiole -4 to ‘5 in., stout, pubescent.
Male flowers unknown. Female flowers :5 in. long, axillary, solitary or
2 together, sessile. Calyx coriaceous, densely pubescent inside and
out, deeply divided into 5 broadly oblong, sub-acute lobes, accrescent,
and becoming concave along the midribs of the lobes. Corolla some-
what longer than the calyx, sericeous externally ; the tube short, the
limb-lobes deep, broadly oblong, blunt; staminodes few, flat. Ovary
broadly ovoid, densely sericeous-tomentose. Fruit ovoid-ellipsoid,
nearly 1 in. long, and slightly less in diam., glabrous; the accrescent
calyx erabracing its base deeply 5-lobed, plicate.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 219

Manacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3632. KepaH: Curtis 2596, 8327?;
fiidley 327.

17. Diospyros tristis, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree 40 to 50
feet high; young branches half as thick as a goose-quill, covered with
deciduous almost black tomentum. JLeaves alternate, coriaceous;
oblong-elliptic, shortly acuminate, the base rounded or cuneate; both
surfaces dingy olivaceous-brown when dry, minutely reticulate ; upper
surface glabrous, shining, the lower dull, the prominent midrib densely
clothed with dark hairs; the 7 or 8 pairs of prominent ascending
main-nerves and the intermediate spaces with a few similar hairs with
bulbous bases; length 6 to 9 in., breadth 2 to 2°75 in.; petioles -4
to din. Male flowers -3 in. long, in short axillary cymes -75 in. long,
the branches and pedicels densely dark rusty-tomentose outside. Calyx
glabrous inside ; the mouth with 5 broad short obtuse teeth. Corolla
fleshy, glabrous, like the calyx in shape and of about the same length.
Stamens 24; anthers lanceolate, shortly appendiculate at the apex,
sessile. Female flowers unknown. fruit depressed-globose, glabrous,
shining, nearly 2 in.in diam.; the calyx at its base thick, woody, flat,
1:5 in. across, with 5 spreading triangular lobes.

Perak: Wray 2190; King’s Collector 5521.

18. Diospyros PAuciFLoRA, King & Gamble, n.sp. A glabrous shrub
or small tree; young branches rather thinner than a goose-quill, their
bark dark and rough. Leaves rather large, alternate, very coriaceous ;
oblong-lanceolate or -oblanceolate, shortly caudate-acuminate, the
base slightly cuneate; upper surface olivaceous, shining, lower
ochraceous, dull; main-nerves 8 to 10 pairs, spreading, curved, and
interarching boldly -1 or -2 in. from the slightly recurved edge; length
5 to 10 in., breadth 1°75 to 3 in.; petiole ‘25 to °3 in., corrugated.
Male flowers -3in. long, sessile and in sessile axillary fascicles of from 3
to 6. Calyx :25 in. long, narrowly tubular, somewhat narrowed at
base and apex, coriaceous, pale in colour, the mouth with 4 broad
triangular short erect lobes, outer surface with a layer of minute
adpressed tawny tomentum and scattered over it many black adpressed
hairs; the interior paler, pustular, with a few similar scattered hairs
and a thick ring of them near the base surrounding the rudimentary
ovary and clothing it also. Corolla slightly longer than the calyx,
fleshy, widely tubular, divided for half its length into 4 broad obtuse
lobes with a broad line of adpressed black hairs along the midrib of each
outside, the rest of the outer surface adpressed-sericeous, the interior
quite glabrous. Stamens 12, viz., 8 in pairs standing face to face and
united by their short filaments, and 4 free; anthers of all linear,
densely hairy, on short glabrous filaments. Female flowers not seen.

220 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

PERAK: King’s Collector 7363, 7749.

19. DiosPYROS ELLIPSOIDEA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree or
shrub ; young branches somewhat thinner than a goose-quill, decidu-
ously and densely rusty-puberulous. Leaves alternate, thinly coriaceous ;
oblong to elliptic-oblong, rarely slightly oblanceolate, apex acute, base
rounded ; both surfaces when dry olivaceous-brown, the upper glabrous,
the midrib sometimes rusty-puberulous, the lower surface darker,
minutely puberulous; midrib and 10 to 12 pairs of curved ascending
nerves faintly prominent on the lower and depressed on the upper
surface; length 6 to 10 in.; breadth 2:25 to 3:5 in.; petioles :25 to
‘3 in. Male flowers in dense axillary cymes of 6 to 12, not much
longer than the petioles ; bracteoles few, broad, densely rusty-tomentose.
Calyx sub-sessile, tomentose externally, glabrous internally, divided
into 4 sub-rotund blunt lobes. Corolla glabrous, very fleshy towards
the apex, with 4 broad deep lobes. Stamens at the base of the tube,
broadly ovate, apiculate, filaments flattened. Female flowers in sub-
sessile clusters of 3 or 4. Calyx with 4 rounded lobes, reflexed,
coriaceous, and in fruit only °35 in. across. Frwit ellipsoid, glabrous,
crowned by the short style and subtended by the reflexed broadly-lobed
small calyx, 1 to 1:25 in. long and ‘8 in. in diam. Seeds few, ellipsoid,
apiculate, two of the sides compressed.

Perak: King’s Collector 2233, 3250, 7098, 7269, 7320, 7689,
8215; Scortechini 1615.

20. Diosprros Watticuti, King & Gamble. A tree 30 to 60 feet
high; young branches covered with minute coarse hair, the older
verrucose. Leaves alternate, coriaceous’; oblong or elliptic-oblong, apex
acute, base cuneate or rounded; edges slightly recurved; upper
surface glabrous and shining, lower paler, minutely pubescent at
first but becoming glabrescent, both olivaceous when dry; midrib
depressed on the upper surface, bold on the lower; main-nerves 14 to
18 pairs, slightly curved, spreading, prominent on the lower surface,
faint on the upper; length 8 to 14 in., breadth 2°5 to 5 in.; petiole -d
to 75 in. Male cymes ‘5 to 75 in. long, in clusters (often crowded) on
the branches, 7-10-flowered; bracteoles broad, blunt, concave, thick
like the calyx and corolla, and like them densely rusty-tomentose
externally. Calyx ‘1 to ‘15 in. long, tubular; the mouth with 4 blunt
triangular erect teeth ; tomentose on both surfaces. Corolla thrice as
long as the calyx; narrowly tubular, glabrous inside. Stamens 16, in
2. rows, the inner attached to the outer at the bases of their filaments;
all linear ; rudimentary ovary small, hairy. emale flower rather larger
than the g, but in smaller cymes; the calyx tetragonous and deeply
grooved, very fleshy, becoming woody, very large and boldly 4-angled and

Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula. 221

grooved in the ripe fruit. Corolla as in the g, but somewhat longer.
Staminodes about 16. Ovary conical densely hairy; stigma glabrous,
with 4 deep oblong truncate lobes. Frwit 1 in. in diam., nearly twice
as much across the calyx, sub-globose, deeply immersed in the large
thickened calyx, its apex truncate-concave; seeds 4 or 5. D. macro-
phylla, Wall. Cat. 4141 (not of Blume). D. undulata, Wall. A. DC.
Prod. VIII. 233; Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. XII. 216 (a part) ;
Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. i. 23, and For. Fl. IT. 135 (an
wart) ; Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 568.

Penane: Curtis 1085; Ridley 7174. Mauacca: Maingay (K.D.),
974; Griffith (K.D.) 3636. Prrax: Scortechint 1976; Wray 2535,
2865. King’s Collector 2966, 2982, 4058, 6779, 7459, 7619, 10123.
Kepak: Curtis 2594. Sruancor: Ridley 2748, 8544.

This is the plant issued by Wallich as No. 4141 of his Catalogue under the name
D. macrophylla. Being different from the older D. macrophylla of Blume, a new
name had to be found for it. This was done by De Candolle, who reduced it, as a
variety, to Wallich’s D. undulata with the type specimen of which in Wallich’s own
herbarium it does not agree. De Candolle was followed by Hiern, Kurz, and
Clarke ; we now restore it to specific rank. The true D. undulata, Wall., is a Burmese
species. It is found also in the Andaman Islands, but it has not as yet been collected
in Malaya.

21. Diospyros ARGENTEA, Griff. Notul. TV. 288 (1854). A tree 15 to
50 feet high; young branches about as thick as a goose-quill, covered with
sub-deciduous yellowish silky hairs. Leaves large, coriaceous; oblong,
apex acute, base rather abruptly cuneate or rounded; upper surface
warm brown when dry, glabrous and shining, the midrib depressed ;
lower densely covered with yellowish adpressed sericeous hair, the
midrib very stout ; main-nerves invisible on both surfaces ; length 6 to
10 in.; breadth 1°65 to 3:5 in.; petioles -1 to -25in. Male flowers in
somewhat supra-axillary few-flowered shortly pedunculate spike-like
cymes 1 to 1:25 in. long (peduncle included) ; bracts ovate -2 in. long.
Calyx -25 in. long, deeply 4-lobed, villous. Corolla -35 in. long,
tubular, lobed half-way down, very villous outside. Stamens 20 to 24.
Female flower solitary on a peduncle -2 in. long; calyx campanulate,
‘dD in. long, with ovate lobes. Corolla *65 in. long. Stamznodes 4 to 5.
Ovary 4-celled, 8-ovuled, densely hairy; styles 4, erect, hairy. Fruit
ellipsoid, apiculate, 2 to 2-5 in. long and 1 to 2 in. in diam., densely rusty-
tomentose ; the calyx persistent, its lobes enlarged, broad, very coria-
ceous, shortly hairy. Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. XII. 262 ;
Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 569. D. discolor, Wall. Cat. 4131
{not of Willd.).

Mauacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3625; Maingay (K.D.) 968, 970; Goodenough

16

222 Flora of the Malayan Penmsula.

1301, 1476. Stnaapore: Ridley 3648, 5898; Hullett 825. Prax:
Wray 172, 1892; King’s Collector 4812, 5862, 6387, 6896, 8003,
8142; Scortechint 498. PaneKxore: Curtis 1365. Smnancor: Ridley.
10271. Panane: Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. 2, IIT. 318 in
Tahan woods.

22. Diospyros RIGIDA, Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. XII.
257 (1873). A tree 30 to 60 feet high; young branches as thick
as a goose-quill, minutely dark rusty-tomentose.- Leaves alternate,
very coriaceous, large; oblong or elliptic-oblong, equal-sided, the
apex sub-acute, the base rounded and neither oblique nor cordate ;
upper surface dark olivaceous-brown when dry, shining, minutely
reticulate; lower paler olivaceous-brown, covered except the midrib
with a very thin film of minute tomentum, minutely reticulate ;
midrib very bold on the lower surface, pubescent at the sides,
slightly depressed on the upper; main-nerves 14 to 20 pairs, spread-
ing, interarching -35 in. from the edge, slightly distinct on the
lower surface, invisible on the upper; length 10 to 18 in., breadth 2 to
4 in.; petiole -4 to ‘6 in., very stout. Male flowers when in bud °4 in.
long and nearly °3 in. in diam., few, in short extra-axillary cymes,
densely covered with black tomentum; the pedicels stout, deflexed,
about *75 in. long. Calyx densely tomentose, ovoid, tapered to the
apex, its mouth with 4 broad shallow blunt teeth. Corolla (apparently)
not much longer than the calyx, very coriaceous, glabrous, the tube
ovoid; the lobes short, oblong, blunt. Stamens about 20, inserted at
the base of the tube, unequal; anthers lanceolate, apiculate, almost
sessile. Female flowers unknown. Ripe fruit in cymes, depressed-
globose, glaberulous, with a woody rind, 1:75 in. in length from base to
apex and 2 in. in diam.; remains of style none; calyx at base of fruit
cupular, 1°5 in. across, divided into 4 reticulate leathery spreading
broadly ovate lobes; peduncle ‘75 to 1:25 in. long, with dark hispid
hairs.

Perak: King’s Collector 4024, 5732, 5971, 6801; Wray 3708.—
Distris. Borneo.

23. Diosprros HorsFIELpDII, Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. XIT.
193 (1873). A tree 20 to 40 feet high, all parts except the cymes
glabrous; young branches thinner than a goose-quill, pale. Leaves
alternate, coriaceous ; oblong-elliptic or ovate-oblong, apex sub-acute,
base slightly cuneate or rounded, the edges slightly recurved when dry;
upper surface when dry olivaceous-green, lower surface brown; the
midrib and nerves depressed; the reticulations, midrib, and 8 to 14
pairs of curved spreading main-nerves very bold and prominent ; length
6 to 10 in., breadth 2°5 to 4 in.; petioles -35 in. Cymes 2 to 3in. long,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 223

covered with black pubescence, few-flowered, collected on extra-axillary
or axillary tubercles, sometimes forming small panicles, consisting
mostly of 3 flowers, and often with only a few 2, with many
oblanceolate blunt bracts -25 to *3 in. long, and some smaller brac-
teoles ; branches of the cyme striate when dry. Calyx ‘15 in. long,
divided to its base into 4 broadly ovate undulate lobes. Corolla
in bud eylindric, tetragonous at the base; about °4 in. long, tomen-
tose, deeply divided into 4 narrowly elliptic blunt lobes. Stamens
about 16 in 2 rows, united into a tube, the anterior row smaller than
the posterior, all narrow and apiculate, the filaments short and hairy.
Female flowers like the $ as to calyx, but with corolla somewhat longer
and with about 12 flat staminodes. Ovary ovoid-conic, tomentose,
attenuated into a long style. Stigma with several small lobes; ovary
8-celled.- Fruit when ripe ovoid-globular, 1 to 1:25 in. in diam., glab-
rescent, subtended by the accrescent calyx with large reticulate undulate
lobes. Seeds compressed, oblong. Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. ITT.
d71. LD. frutescens, Hassk. Pl. As. Rar. 467 (not of Blume).

Manacoa: Griffith (K.D.) 3620. PrRaK: Scortechini 1765; King’s
Collector 8261.—Distrip. Java.

Specimens of this sent from Herbarium Koordersianum, Buitenzorg, have pentamerous
flowers; but in other respects they do not differ from the Perak specimens in Herb.
Calcutta.

24. Diospyros ToposioipEs, King & Gamble, n. sp. A glabrous
tree 15 to 40 feet high, sometimes only a shrub; young branches
rather thinner than a goose-quill, pale brown and striate when dry.
Leaves alternate, coriaceous; oblong-elliptic, shortly acuminate or acute,
base rounded; edges slightly recurved when dry; both surfaces pale
olivaceous when dry, minutely but distinctly reticulate, the upper
shining, the lower darker and dull; midrib channelled on the upper
surface, strong and prominent on the lower ; main-nerves 16 to 20 pairs,
spreading, little-curved, interarching far from the edge, the intermediate
nerves nearly as prominent; length 7 to 11 in.; breadth 2 to 4 in. ;
- petiole -3 to -4 in. long, stout, wrinkled when dry like the midrib. Male
flowers -25 in. long, on pedicels longer than themselves, in cymose
axillary panicles about 1 in. in length. Calyx coriaceous, glabrous,
campanulate, with wide truncate entire or sub-entire mouth. Corolla
slightly exceeding the calyx, ovoid, inflated below, contracted to the
4-toothed apex. Stamens numerous, linear, slightly auricled at the base,
filaments very short. Female flowers when in bud ‘3 in. long, conical.
Calyx acutely 4-angled in bud; the 4 lobes deltoid, very coriaceous,
puberulous outside, rusty-tomentose inside like the ovary and young

224 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

fruit, accrescent in fruit. Corolla slightly longer than the calyx,
tubular, with 4 short erect ovate lobes, quite glabrous. Stamnodes
about 12, flattened, villous behind. Ovary conical, densely rusty-
tomentose. Stigma glabrous, short, with 8 small lobes. Frwt in
cymes, depressed-globular, 1 to 1:25 in. in diam., much exceeding the
minutely reticulate calyx, glabrescent, minutely tuberculate. Seeds
compressed.

Perak: King’s Collector 4106, 4361, 4889, 5769, 8242, 8357;
Scortechini ; Ridley 3079, 10302 ?

The leaves of this in texture and reticulations much resemble those of D. Toposia,
Ham. The flowers and inflorescence are, however, different from those of that
species.

25. DIosPYRos OLEIFOLIA, Wall. Cat. 4128 (1829). A tree; young
branches twice as thick as a crow-quill, almost black when dry,
sparsely pubescent. Leaves coriaceous, alternate; narrowly oblong to
elliptic, sub-acute or acute, the base cuneate; upper surface pale
olivaceous, glabrous, shining; the lower yellowish, dull, for the most
part glabrous, but usually with sparse adpressed black detachable
hairs near the midrib and base; main-nerves invisible on either
surface ; midrib strong on the lower surface, slightly depressed on
the upper, length 6°5 in.; breadth 2 in.; petiole -25 in. long.
Male cymes on axillary peduncles about °3 in. long, each bearing 3
unequally pedicellate flowers ‘5 in. long; all very dark in colour and
with black hairs like those on the outer surface of the calyx. Calyx
‘4 in. long, tubular-campanulate, densely adpressed rusty-tomentose
inside, cut half-way down into 4 triangular erect lobes. Corolla
tubular, slightly longer than the calyx, very thick, densely tomentose
like the interior of the calyx; its lobes 4, very thick, oblong, spreading
slightly. Anthers attached near the base of the tube, 16, linear-
lanceolate, sessile. Female flowers on longer panicles than the males ;
pedunculate calyx with 4 triangular acute lobes, velvety outside, tawny-
tomentose inside. Fruit depressed-globose, 1°35 in. in diam.; the
pericarp woody, glabrous when ripe, tawny-tomentose when young,
the persistent calyx at.its base thick, woody, nearly 1 in. in diam.,
with dark tomentum outside. A. DC. Prod. VII. 1382; Kurz in
Journ. As. Soc. Beng.’ XL, Pt. I. 72, ids envi Rika:
and For. Fl. II. 132; Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. XII. 204;
Clarke in Hook fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 567.

- Penane: Curtis 1573. Perak: King’s Collector 3876; Scortechini.
—Distris. Burma, Java.
26. Diospyros BRAcHIATA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A glabrous tree

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 225

20 to 40 feet high; young branches half as thick as a goose-quill.
Leaves alternate, coriaceous ; elliptic-oblong, acute or shortly acuminate,
the base slightly cuneate or rounded; upper surface pale olivaceous
when dry, lower pale brown; main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, curved,
ascending, prominent like the midrib on the lower surface, depressed
somewhat on the upper; length 5:5 to 9in.; breadth 1°5 to 2°5 in. ;
petioles 3 to ‘S5in. Male flowers about ‘5 in. long. Calyx -2 in. long,
campanulate, divided almost to the base into 5 ovate-acute erect lobes,
each folded vertically along the midrib so as to form a deep dorsal
groove, everywhere minutely rusty-tomentose. Corolla twice as long as
the calyx, narrowly tubular; the tube 5-angled, externally divided, the
5 lobes twice as long as the tube, linear-oblong, contorted in estivation,
the external half of each lobe tawny-tomentose, the inner half and the
whole of the anterior surface glabrous. Stamens 14, linear, apiculate,
sub-sessile. Female flowers :4 in. long, collected in compound umbellate
axillary cymes 1:5 to 1:75 in. long and about as much across, the
branches compressed, rusty-puberulous, spreading, bearing a few oblong
obtuse bracts; flower-pedicels varying in length from :1 to ‘2 in,
bibracteolate. Calyx fleshy, tomentose outside, deeply divided into _
ovate-acuminate erect grooved lobes. Corolla tubular, tomentose
outside, glabrous inside, very thick, deeply divided into 4 oblong lobes.
Stanunodes about 8, lanceolate, flattened. Ovary ovoid, tapering into a
short style, tomentose. Fvwt depressed-globose, puberulous, *75 to
‘9 in diam., and about the same from below the calyx to the somewhat
concave apex; calyx woody, thick, 1 in. wide, with triangular deeply
grooved sub-acute lobes.

Penane: Curtis 1453, 1454, 10230.

27. DIOSPYROS PANICULATA, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. IV. 109
(1852). A tree 50 to 70 feet high ; young branches less than half as thick
as a goose-quill, rusty-puberulous. Leaves thinly coriaceous, alternate ;
elliptic or elliptic-oblong, shortly and bluntly apiculate or acuminate ;
the base cuneate or rounded; both surfaces pale olivaceous when dry,
the reticulations minute and distinct, especially on the glabrous upper
surface ; main-nerves 5 to 8 pairs, curving upwards and forming arches
far from the edge, bold like the midrib on the lower surface and
slightly depressed on the upper ; lower surface softly pubescent ; length
4 to 7:5 in., breadth 1:65 to 2°5 in.; petiole -25, stout, channelled,
pubescent. Male and female flowers not seen. Fruit in lax racemoid
cymes, ellipsoid, crowned by the small remains of the style, rufous-
hirsute when young, ultimately glabrous, 1:5 in. long and 1 in. in
diam.; the accrescent calyx at its base with 4 large broadly ovate
membranous lobes with many vertical nerves and numerous distinct

226 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

minute reticulations, each lobe 1:25 long and nearly as wide. Dalz. &
Gibs. Flora Bombay, 141; Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. exxv, and Fl. Sylv.
Madr. exliv; Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. XII. 190; Clarke in
Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. ITI. 570.

PerAK: King’s Collector 7637, 8163.

The scanty specimens from Perak are in fruit only, but the leaves and fruit agree
so well with those of D. paniculata—a species hitherto known only from the west of
the Indian Peninsula—that, in spite of the anomalous geographical distribution, we,
temporarily at least, refer the Perak specimens to that species.

28. Diospyros Kunstueri, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree 20 to
40 feet high; young branches as thick as a goose-quill, glabrous.
Leaves alternate, large, thickly membranous ; elliptic to elliptic-oblong,
acute, the base rounded; both surfaces, when dry, olivaceous-brown,
the lower rather darker than the upper, somewhat shining, faintly
reticulate ; main-nerves 8 to 12 pairs, much curved, spreading, ascend-
ing, and forming wide arches ‘25 in. from the edge, prominent on the
lower surface like the midrib, somewhat depressed on the upper ; length
8 to 12 in., breadth 3-5 to 4:5 in.; petioles -25 to -35 in. Male flowers
unknown. Female flowers in short axillary and extra-axillary puberu-
lous cymes, nearly 1 in. long, pedicellate ; bracts narrow, nearly as long
as the pedicels, oblong. /ruzt in short stout cymes (unripe) depressed-
globular, crowned by the short remains of the style, with 4 or 5 vertical
ridges, everywhere densely rusty-tomentose, subtended by the accres-
cent almost woody calyx, with 4 deep reniform-cordate apiculate erect
undulate lobes.

Perak: King’s Collector 4343, 7633, 8229.

29. Diosprros nutans, King & Gamble, n. sp. A shrub or small
tree 8 to 16 feet high; young branches less than one-third as thick as a
goose-quill, deciduously villous, the older much thicker with deeply
channelled dark-coloured, sub-glabrous bark. Leaves alternate, thinly
coriaceous ; oblong or sub-oblanceolate-oblong, apex shortly caudate-
acuminate, the base rounded ; both surfaces brown when dry, the upper
glabrous, the lower puberulous, but often villous on the prominent
midrib ; main-nerves 7 to 10 pairs, curved, ascending, interarching near
the margin, the reticulations distinct ; length 5 to 7 in., breadth 1-5 to
2°25 in.; petiole 15 in. Cymes umbellate, few-flowered, borne on the
apices of slender slightly supra-axillary flexuous puberulous peduncles
much longer than the leaves (often twice as long); bracteoles few, small,
lanceolate, concave. Male flowers in different cymes from the females,
‘5 in. long, on short pedicels less than :1 in. long. Calyx puberulous,
campanulate, with 5 long lanceolate lobes. Corolla four times as long

Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula. 227

as the calyx, narrowly tubular, slightly constricted at the throat, hairy
outside, glabrous inside; the limb with 5 deep oblong lobes. Stamens
10, linear-elliptic, apiculate, inserted in the bottom of the tube, 5 sessile
and 5 with filaments. Female flowers shorter than the g, with
small filamentous staminodes. Ovary narrowly ovoid, densely rufous-
hirsute, attenuated into a long pubescent style crowned by 5 short
glabrous reflexed small stigmas. Fywit narrowly ellipsoid, sparsely
hairy, 6 to 1 in. long and ‘5 in. in diam., crowned by the persistent
style and subtended by the non-accrescent calyx. Seeds few, narrowly
ellipsoid.

PERAK: Scortechint 674, 1678; King’s Collector 378, 2675, 2987,
3573, 7087.

Differs from all the other Malayan species by its long peduncled pendulous
inflorescence.

SPECIES IMPERFECTLY KNOWN.

30. DiospyRos REFLEXA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree 50 to 70
feet high; young branches as thick as a goose-quill, covered with a
layer of minute deciduous rusty pubescence. Leaves alternate, thickly
coriaceous ; oblong to elliptic, shortly acuminate, the base cuneate;
upper surface olivaceous-brown when dry, the lower pale brown, both
minutely reticulate ; main-nerves 8 to 10 pairs, spreading, interarching
‘15 in. from the slightly recurved edges; length 5 to 7°5 in., breadth
1:75 to 3 in.; petiole 4 or ‘5 in. Flowers unknown. Fruit hemi-
spheric with depressed truncate apex, under 1 in. in diam.; the calyx
embracing the very base of the fruit with 4 fleshy much reflexed
revolute triangular fleshy lobes, densely rusty-tomentose like the fruit.

Perak: King’s Collector 7676, 7747.

The curious fleshy calyx with much-reflexed lobes distinguishes this from all the
other Malayan species.

31. Diospyros PENANGIANA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree 20 to
30 feet high; young branches twice as thick as a crow-quill, covered
with deciduous hair of two sorts, namely, a uniform coat of minute
rusty tomentum with long rusty bristle-like hairs protruding through it.
Leaves alternate, coriaceous; oblong, shortly and bluntly acuminate,
narrowed below the middle to the rather broad auriculately cordate
base; upper surface when dry pale brown, shining, glabrous except the
puberulous depressed midrib ; lower surface reddish-brown, transversely
reticulate, with pubescence like that of the young branches on the stout
midrib and 10 to 14 pairs of ascending rather straight main-nerves,
otherwise glabrescent; length 5°5 to 7°5 in., breadth 1:25 to 2°25 in.;
petioles -15 to -2 in. long, hispid. Male and female flowers unknown.

228 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Frwit sessile, globular, from -75 to 1 in. in diam., densely covered with
minute rufous tomentum, crowned by the short remains of the style
and subtended by the small calyx with 5 broad reflexed lobes.

_ Prenane: Curtis 2221.

Collected only in Penang. In leaves this resembles the Bornean plant named by
Hiern Maba? cordata. The 5-cleft calyx of this is suggestive rather of Diospyros than
of Maba. :

32. Diospyros nuFA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree 60 to 80 feet
high; young branches about half as thick as a goose-quill or thicker,
glabrous, brown and rough when dry. Leaves alternate, thickly coria-
ceous; oblong-elliptic, sometimes oblanceolate, the apex shortly and
bluntly acuminate, the base much narrowed; upper surface warm
brown when dry, glabrous, very shining; the lower dull, glabrous or
slightly puberulous towards the base; main-nerves 7 to 10 pairs,
spreading, little curved, interarching near the slightly incurved edges,
slightly prominent on the lower surface and somewhat depressed on the
upper when dry; length 5:5 to 7°5 in., breadth 1°75 to 2°25 in.; petioles
‘4 to ‘6 in., stout, channelled. Male and female flowers unknown. Frutt
globular-ovoid, blunt, 1:25 to 1:5 in. long and about 1:15 in. in diam.,
densely rusty-tomentose. Calyx at base flat, 4-angled, -4 in. in diam.,
rusty-tomentose.

Perak: King’s Collector 3330, 4945, 5409, 6712.

33. DiospyRos AREOLATA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree 50 to 60
feet high; young branches thinner than a goose-quill, rusty-puberulous
becoming glabrous. Leaves alternate, very coriaceous; oblong, sub-
acute, the base rounded ; both surfaces glabrous except the puberulous
midrib and sometimes the main-nerves, hepatic-brown when dry ; the
upper shining, minutely and faintly areolate ; the lower dull and boldly
areolar-reticulate ; midrib bold on the lower surface, slightly depressed
on the upper; main-nerves about 7 pairs, curved, ascending abrupily,
faint on the lower surface, almost invisible on the upper ; length 4°5 to
6 in.; breadth 1°5 to 1°75 in.; petioles ‘5 or ‘6in. Male flowers (only
buds seen) under ‘5 in. in length, collected near the ends of the branches in
tomentose cymes ‘5 tol in. long. Calyx coriaceous, on a thick pedicel
shorter than itself, ovoid in bud; the mouth with triangular short
teeth. Corolla like the calyx, but glabrous and fleshy. Stamens about
21; anthers linear, apiculate, nearly uniform, sub-sessile or on short
broad flat filaments, sometimes slightly attached in groups of 3. Female
flower probably solitary, much broader than the 3. Calyx velvety
outside and inside, divided nearly to the base into 4 ovate-triangular
very acute lobes 4 in. long. Corolla fleshy, glabrous, ‘6 in. long, its

an

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 229

tube wide with staminodes like the anthers of the g but not so
numerous; limb about as long as the tube, with 4 deep, broad, sub-
quadrate spreading lobes. Ovary ovoid-conic, densely rusty-pilose.
Stigmas 4, oblong, fleshy, glabrous. Frwit unknown.

Perak: Scortechim 476 ; King’s Collector 5813.

34, Diosprros Curtis, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree (?); young
branches rather thicker than a goose-quill, rugulose and dark-coloured
when dry, glabrous. Leaves alternate, thinly membranous; oblong or
oblong-elliptic, shortly and bluntly acuminate, base rounded or slightly
cuneate; both surfaces glabrous, the upper olivaceous when dry, the
lower brown ; main-nerves 7 to 9 pairs, slightly curved, ascending, faint
on both surfaces; the midrib prominent on the lower surface, slightly so
on the upper ; length 2°5 to 5 in., breadth 1:25 to 2 in.; petioles -2 in.
Male flowers not seen. Female flowers -25 in. long, in extra-axillary or
axillary fascicles of about 3 on the younger branches; pedicels about
‘2 in. long, cinerous-pubescent, each with 2 oblong obtuse bracteoles at
its base, about °5 in. long. Calyx coriaceous, nearly -2 in. broad at the
base, deeply divided into 4 triangular-reniform glabrescent lobes.
Corolla partially glabrous, about as long as the calyx, salver-shaped ;
tube short; limb divided into 4 deep, broadly ovate, spreading lobes.
Stamvinodes about 4, linear-lanceolate, compressed. Ovary narrowly
oblong, tapering into the short thick style, densely tawny-tomentose.
Frwit unknown.

Punau Poonean: Curtis 2942.

35. DiospyRos GLOMERULATA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree 40 to
60 feet high ; young branches rather thicker than a crow-quill, densely
clothed with minute rufous pubescence. Leaves membranous, alternate;
elliptic, shortly and bluntly apiculate, the base rounded or slightly
cuneate; upper surface olivaceous when dry, glabrous; the lower
brown, puberulous, midrib bold; main-nerves 5 or 6 pairs, slightly
curved, ascending; length 2:25 to 3°5 in., breadth 1:25 to 1:75 in. ;
petiole about -1in. Male flowers -2 in. long, crowded in dense sessile
axillary and extra-axillary globular capitules ‘4 in.across. Calyx sessile,

- campanulate, tomentose, deeply divided into 4 broadly triangular sub-

acute erect lobes. Corolla tubular, tetragonous, thick, about as long as
the calyx; tube glabrous, the 4 lobes pubescent outside, oblong.
Stamens 8, separate. Anthers broadly lanceolate, apiculate, filaments
short. Female flowers and frwit not known.

PrraAk: King’s Collector 8590.

The following description of a Diospyros from Pahang is taken from
Ridley’s account of the Flora of the Eastern Coast of the Malay
Peninsula.

230 ' Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

36. Diospyros cauicinosa, Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soe. Ser. 2, III.
318 (1893). <A graceful lofty tree; bark black; branches pubescent.
Leaves alternate, elliptic-oblong, acute; 8 in. long, 3 in. broad; main-
nerves 13 pairs; glabrous above, minutely pubescent beneath on the
midrib and nerves; petiole -25 in. long, minutely pubescent. Flowers
on old wood, fascicled ; peduncles short, covered with a black pubescence.
Calyx of $ flower patelliform ; sepals 4, broadly ovate, obtuse, covered
without and on the margin with black hair. Corolla urceolate, white,
silky, -5 in. long; lobes 4, short, ovate, recurved. Stamens 16,
collected in pairs; filaments thick, minutely hispid; anthers glabrous,
long-conical with acute tips. Ovary abortive, 4-lobed, irregular, the
lobes furrowed; style conical. Flowers of ? not seen. Fruit small,
globose, surrounded by the accrescent sepals.

PaHANnG: in thick woods at Kota Glanggi and Kwala Tembeling,
Ridley.

We are unable, having seen no specimen, to make quite sure of the place of this
species. It seems to come very near to No. 17 D. tristis, King & Gamble.

Order LXXIII. STYRACEAL.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, simple; stipules none. Flowers
in simple or branched axillary or terminal racemes or spikes, sometimes
solitary ; usually white, rarely red; bracts small, often minute or obso-
lete. Calyx gamosepalous, the tube more or less adnate to the ovary,
so that it may be superior or inferior; limb 4~5-toothed or truncate,
persistent. Corolla of 4 to 5 petals, the tube usually short, sometimes
none; petals imbricate or sometimes valvate or contorted. Stamens
adnate to the petals, equal in number to them or double or very many ;
1-many-seriate; filaments free or connate; anthers round or linear,
dehiscing laterally. Ovary inferior or superior, 2-5-celled or some-
times, by the separation of the septa, 1-celled; style filiform, sometimes
thick; stigma capitate, entire or lobed; ovules 1 or more, on the inner
angle of each cell, pendulous or erect. rwt drupaceous, indehiscent,
1-, rarely 2-3-seeded. Seeds albuminous, testa thin or coriaceous, hilum
generally broad ; embryo straight or curved, cotyledons terete or flat-
tened ; radicle cylindrical or short.—Distris. Warmer regions of Asia,
Australia, and America, absent from Africa; genera 7 or 8, species
about 350.

Stamens many, in several series .. oc oe .. 1. Symezocos.
Stamens 10, in one series Bi ss 5 .. 2. Srypax.

Flora of the Malayan Penmsula. 231

1. Symprocos, Linn.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, often turning yellow when dry,
entire or toothed. Flowers white, sometimes red, in axillary simple or
compound spikes or racemes, sometimes in few-flowered fascicles, occa-
sionally reduced to one flower ; bracts small, solitary at the base of the
pedicels ; bracteoles 1 to 3, small, at the base of the flower. Calyx-twbe
adnate, short when in flower, campanulate, often enlarged in fruit ; lobes
0, imbricate. Petals 5 in one series, or 6 to 10 in two series, free or
somewhat connate, or sometimes connate in a tube, imbricate. Stamens
adnate to the corolla, at the base of the petals or higher up the tube,
numerous, many-seriate, the outer the longest; filaments filiform, or
sometimes flattened; anthers short, dehiscing in longitudinal parallel
cells. Ovary inferior, or semi-superior, 2-5-celled; style filiform ;
stigmas capitate, slightly lobed; ovules 2, pendulous from the inner
angle of each cell. Fruit an oblong, ovoid or sub-globose drupe ; endo-
carp woody or thin, often ridged or ribbed, 1-3-seeded. Seeds usually
1 only (by abortion) ; embryo terete, straight or curved, in the centre
of fleshy albumen; cotyledons much shorter than the radicle.——
Distris. Warmer regions of Asia, Australia and America, species
about 290 to 300.

Filaments more or less pentadelphous; corolla-tube divided
nearly to the base (Subg. I. Hopra) :—
Fruit (where known) more or less ampulliform; embryo
curved (Sect. i. Panura) :—
Inflorescence compound, branching at any rate at the
base :—
Branches of the inflorescence paniculately racemose,
drupe nearly ‘5 in. long o6 a0 .. 1. S. odoratissima.
Branches of the inflorescence racemose :—
Racemes densely ferruginous-tomentose; pedicels

searcely ‘05 in. long, thick .. ore .. 2. S. fulvosa.
Racemes ferruginous-villous; pedicels -2 in. long,

slender; leaves elliptic, under 4 in. long . 3. S. nivea.
Racemes pulverulent; pedicels -2 in. long, slender: :

leaves obovate O0 Sc 4, S. pulverulenta.

Racemes glabrous or slightly pubescent ; aeikeals ones
than -05 in., slender :—
Leaves over 4 in. one and 2 in. broad; calyx-lobes

glabrous 5 5. S. monticola.
Leaves under 4 in. long sd 1°5 in. inane ally
lobes pubescent . 50 .. 6. S. fasciculata.

Branches of the Peotescence silanes —
Leaves beneath and inflorescence glabrous or nearly so; (7. S. spicata.
endocarp of seed thin . (yar. malasica.
Leaves beneath and inflorescence suangtnee. “illene: ;
endocarp of seed hard, bony .. AG .. 8. S. ferruginea.

232 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Inflorescence simple, racemose ; racemes very short, almost
reduced to fascicles ae ». 9. S. Ridleyi.
Fruit (where known) ovoid-oblong, ac: sanprlace - embryo
straight (Sect. ii. LopHRa) :—
Inflorescence paniculate, branching usually from the base
only :—
Branches of the inflorescence racemose, more than °5 i in.
long :-—
Leaves glabrous or nearly so; fruit glabrous :—
leaf-margins prominently broad-crenate, apex
shortly and bluntly acuminate 3c .. 10. S. celastrifolia.
Leaf-margins obscurely crenate or entire :—
Leaf-margins prominently glandular, texture
almost coriaceous é .. 11. S. adenophylia.
Leaf-margins not dendlon texture chavieanes. 12. S. perakensis.
Leaves very hairy ; fruit villous é . 13. S. Brandiana.
Branches of the inflorescence racemose, ander 5 in. loner :
leaf-margins entire or nearly so .. 36 .. 14. S. concolor.
Inflorescence unbranched :—
Inflorescence racemose :—
Racemes 2 to 3 in. long, slender, few-flowered .. 15. S. calycodactylos.
Racemes very short :—
Leaves coriaceous, acute or rounded or emarginate
at apex; fruit ovoid-oblong, under °5 in. long .. 16. S. ophirensis.
Leaves chartaceous, long-acuminate at apex, cuneate
at base; fruit cylindric-oblong, over -5in. long .. 17. S. Curtisit.
Leaves chartaceous; fruit not known :—
Leaves 6 to 7 in. long, abruptly acuminate at
apex, usually sub-cordate at base, quiteglabrous.. 18. S. crassipes.
Leaves 4 to 7 in. long, long acuminate at apex,
rounded at base, ferruginous-pilose beneath .. 19. S. penangiana.
Inflorescence spicate :—
Drupes large, over 1 in. in length; endocarp with 8
prominent sharp ridges; leaves nearly glabrous :-—
Leaves usually under 6 in. long and 2 in. broad;
young inflorescence without prominent bracts .. 20. S. cerasifolia.
Leaves usually over 6 in. long and 2 in. broad ; young
inflorescence prominently bracteate so as to appear
strobilate a . 21. S. rigida.
Drupes small, under ‘5 in. fenee : satloamsy with fae
ridges only; leaves rusty-pubescent beneath; young
inflorescence strobilate ate D6 .. 22. S. rubiginosa.
Filaments connate in a staminal tube; corolla-tube elongate
(Subg. II. CorpynopuastE) :—
Corolla-tube scarcely -3 in. long ae 36 .. 23. S. confusa.
Corolla-tube about 1 in. long :—
Inflorescence densely mea ; leaves pubescent
beneath ae .. 24, S. Maingayt.
Inflorescence slightly ae: Pabencod leaves pleeroue .. 25. 8. Scortechinit.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 233

Subgenus I.—Hopza.

1. SympLocos oporaAtTissima, Choisy ex Zoll. Syst. Verz. 136 (1854).
A tree with spreading branches reaching 60 to 70 feet in height and
18 to 24 in. in diam. of stem; branches grey, stout; branchlets dark
sreyish-brown, angled, striate, minutely puberulous; leaf-buds acumi-
nate, 15 in. long. Leaves thinly coriaceous; elliptic or elliptic-obovate
or elliptic-oblong, shortly acuminate at apex, cuneate or slightly
rounded at base; glabrous on both surfaces; margin entire or serrate,
blackish-brown when dry; 3 to 6 in. long, 2 to 2°5 in. broad; midrib
slender, prominent beneath, impressed above; main-nerves 8 to 10 -
pairs, arching upwards to and along the margin where they meet in an
intramarginal looped nerve near it; reticulations transverse, not pro-
minent; petiole -4 to -6 in. long, flattened above. Injlorescence of
grey-pubescent panicles, 1:5 to 2 in. long, axillary to the upper leaves,
longer in fruit and stouter ; branches paniculately racemose ; bracts very
small, deciduous; bracteoles 2, below the calyx-tube, ovate-acute,
reflexed, ‘05 in. long; pedicels -15 in. long. Calyx-tube ‘05 in. long,
pubescent ; lobes 5, as long as tube, rounded. Corolla-tube very short ;
lobes ovate-obtuse, -15 in. long, pubescent on back, ciliate, white.
Stamens in 5 bundles opposite corolla-lobes, very many, 80 to 100 in
all; filaments slender; anthers rounded. Ovary villous; style thick,
‘075 in. long, stigma lobed; cells 3, ovules 2 in each cell. Fruit an
ampulliform drupe, ‘4 to ‘5 in. long, -25 in. broad, lower part rounded,
upper cylindrical, crowned by the calyx-rim and connivent lobes, the
calyx-rim -075 in. broad ; exocarp corky, rusty-brown, slightly pubescent ;
endocarp hard. Seeds 1 to 3, usually 1 only perfect; testa membranous,
albumen fleshy; embryo slightly curved, -15 in. long, radicle long.
Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I. Pt. 2, 468; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. VII. 148; Brand
Monog. Sympl. 35. Dicalyx odoratissimus, Blume Bijdr. 1116,

PERAK: King’s Collector 10030, 10411, 10777. Sinearore: Ridley
4498 (this latter specimen has leaves up to 8 in. long and 3°5 in.

broad).—Distris. Sumatra (Beccarz 834), Java, Borneo (Beccari
4014).

This is var. divaricata, Brand, which seems to us hardly separable, unless by the
leaves being almost entire. In the Java and Sumatra specimens of G. odoratissima
the leaves are markedly serrate.

2. SyMPLOcOs FULVosA, King & Gamble, n.sp. A very large tree,
reaching 150 feet in height (Scortechini) ; branchlets dark-brown, young
ones and innovations densely terruginous-tomentose. Leaves chartaceo-
coriaceous ; elliptic, abruptly long blunt-acuminate at apex the acumen
often curved, cuneate or attenuate at base; glabrous and shining above,

234 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

glabrous and dull beneath, ferruginous-brown when dry; margins
faintly crenate-serrate, with a row of glands, slightly recurved; 3 to
4:5 in. long, 1:25 to 2 in. broad; midrib slender, slightly impressed
above; main-nerves 6 to 8 pairs, the lowest pair close to the margin,
the rest gradually more distant upwards, curved upwards to and along
the margin where they meet in a looped intramarginal nerve ; reticu-
lations many, forming an elegant network; petiole -75 in. long.
Inflorescence of tripartite sessile panicles of racemes, the racemes
1 to 2 in. long, densely ferruginous-tomentose ; bracts and bracteoles
minute, hidden in the tomentum ; pedicels thick, ‘05 in. long; flowers
white, then yellowish. Calyx-twbe short; lobes very short, rounded,
densely tomentose without. Corolla-twbe short; lobes ovate-oblong,
glabrous, -15 in. long, 3-5-nerved. Stamens many, obscurely separated
in bundles; filaments slender; anthers very small rounded. Ovary
and disk glabrous, style glabrous, ‘075 in. long, stigma capitate ;
cells 3. Fruit unknown.

PERAK: Scortechint 563, 567.

3. SyMPLOCOS NIvEA, Brand Monog. Sympl. 36 (1901). A tree,
reaching 50 to 60 feet in height; branchlets slender, rounded, dark
brown, glabrous ; leaf-buds ovate-acuminate, tawny-pubescent. Leaves
chartaceo-coriaceous ; elliptic or elliptic-oblong, acute or acuminate at
apex, cuneate at base; glabrous and shining above, glabrous and pale
beneath, dark olive-brown when dry; margins obscurely undulate-
crenate, recurved; 3 to 4 in. long, 1 to 1:75 in. broad; midrib slender,
impressed above; main-nerves 5 to 6 pairs, irregularly spaced and
often branched, at first straight then curved upwards to and along
the margin where they anastomose in a looped intramarginal nerve ;
reticulations obscure ; petiole slender, -3 to ‘4 in. long. Inflorescence
an axillary panicle of villous racemes 2 to 3 in. long, the racemes
12-15-flowered; bracts and bracteoles ovate-lanceolate, villous, quickly
caducous; pedicels slender, 2 in. long. Calyx-twbe adnate to the
ovary ; lobes 5, oblong-obtuse, -1 in. long, glabrous, persistent. Corolla
pure white ; lobes twice as long as those of the calyx. Stamens
about 60, as long as the corolla. Ovary glabrous, 1-celled, ovules appa-
rently 2; style slender from a conical villous base. Fvwt unknown.

Penang: at Pulau Boetong, Government Hill and Muka Head,
Curtis 715.

4. SYMPLOCOS PULVERULENTA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree (?);
ultimate branchlets and inflorescence grey- or golden-pulverulent-scaly ;
leaf-buds lanceolate-acuminate. Leaves membranous ; obovate, abruptly
short acuminate at apex, cuneate often unequally at base ; glabrous on
both surfaces except on the nerves, olive-green when dry; margins

=

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 235

entire; 5 to 7 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad; midrib slender, impressed
above; main-nerves 8 to 9 pairs, curving upwards to and along the
margin ; reticulations transverse, prominent and slightly raised above ;
petiole -7 to °8 in. long, smooth, pulverulent-pubescent. Inflorescence of
axillary panicles of racemes about 2 in. long; main rachis 7 in. long;
branches sub-opposite, about 2 pairs, ‘5 to 1 in. long; bracts short,
ovate, caducous; bracteoles 2, ovate-acute, under the calyx-tube;
pedicels slender, 15 to 2 in. long; flowers yellow, buds globose.
Calyx-tube funnel-shaped, ‘06 in. long; lobes 5, short, rounded.
Corolla-tube short; lobes 5, ovate, obtuse, pulverulent-pubescent.
Stamens very numerous, probably 200 at least, in 5 bundles opposite ~
the corolla-lobes; filaments slender; anthers very small, rounded.
Ovary and disk pubescent ; style stout, stigma capitate; cells 2, ovules
several. Fruit not known.

SmnGAPoRE: at Chanchukam, Ridley 4786.

5. SympiLocos MontTicoLA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A shrub or small
tree reaching 20 feet in height and 3 in. in diam. of stem; branchlets
somewhat slender, pale brown, sinuous; leaf-buds small, acuminate.

‘Leaves chartaceous; elliptic or elliptic-oblong, acuminate at apex,

cuneate or somewhat rounded at base; glabrous on both surfaces,
greenish-brown when dry ; margins serrate except near the base, slightly
recurved ; 4 to 6 in. long, 2 to 2°5 in. broad; midrib slender, pale, im-
pressed above; main-nerves 6 to 8 pairs, close near the base, gradually
more distant, curved upwards to meet in a looped intramarginal nerve ;
secondary nerves few, reticulations transverse; petiole -25 in. long,
channelled above. Inflorescence a fascicle of racemes either from the
axils of leaves a little below the last, or from the new wood below
them ; racemes ‘5 to 1:5 in. long, 6-8-flowered, all parts nearly glabrous ;
bracts ovate, very minute ; pedicels 0 to ‘1 in. long; bracteoles 2, ovate,
acute, ciliate, ‘05 in. long, at the base of the calyx-tube. Calyx-tube
short; lobes as long (1 in.), thin, glabrous, round. Corolla-twbe very
short; lobes 5, thin, oblong, obtuse, -2 in. long, 3nerved. Stamens
many, more than 80, in 5 bundles opposite the corolla-lobes; filaments
slender; anthers rounded. Ovary and disk glabrous or slightly pubes-
cent ; style short, -1 in. long; stigma capitate; cells 3. Fruit not known.

PERAK: Scortechint 533; King’s Collector 3804, 6927, in dense
jungle on the summits of mountains at 4,000 to 4,600 feet.

6. SympLocos rascicunata, Zoll. Syst. Verz. 136 (1854). A tree with
spreading branches reaching 40 to 50 feet in height and 10 to 15 in.
in diam. of stem; branchlets pale greyish-brown, slender, innovations
greyish-pubescent. Leaves thinly chartaceous or membranous; oblong-
lanceolate, long acuminate at apex, the acumen curved and mucro-

236 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

nate, rounded or obtusely rhomboid at base; glabrous and shining
above, glabrous beneath except on the midrib, yellowish when dry;
margins entire or obscurely and distantly serrate, slightly recurved ;
2 to 4 in. long, ‘7 to 1:5 in. broad; midrib slender, impressed
above, minutely pilose beneath; main-nerves about 5 to 7 pairs,
indistinct, curved upwards and meeting in an intramarginal looped
nerve rather distant from the margin ; secondary nerves and reticula-
tions slender, obscure; petiole -2 in. long, bordered above by the
decurrent margin of the blade and minutely pilose. Inflorescence
a short fascicle of axillary cymes or racemes ‘d to ‘7 in. long,
ashy-pubescent; bracts very minute; pedicels slender, -15 in. long;
bracteoles 3, minute, ovate, acute, ciliate. Calyxz-lobes 5, rounded,
obtuse, ‘05 in. long, pubescent without. Corolla-lobes oblong, obtuse,
‘1 to °15 in. long, glabrous, 5-nerved ; tube very short or almost none.
Stamens in 5 bundles opposite the corolla-lobes, about 20 to 25 or some-
times more; filaments slender, outer ones exsert; anthers minute,
rounded, emarginate. Ovary depressed at top, disk glabrous, cells 3;
style slender, ‘075 in. long, ending in a flattened 3-lobed stigma. Fruit an
ampulliform drupe, ovoid below for -2 in. in length, -15 in. in diam,, -
glabrous, 5—6-ribbed, tipped by a cylindric beak -05 in. long and by the
persistent calyx-lobes; exocarp thin, endocarp hard, furrowed, furnished
within with 3 to 6 strong ribs, enclosing a much-lobed seed ; testa
thin ; albumen fleshy; embryo very slightly curved, -15 in. long. Mig.
Fl. Ind. Bat. I. Pt. 2. 467; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br, Ind. III. 574;
Koord. & Val. Bijdr. 7. 150; Brand Monog. Sympl. 34. Duzcalyx
tinctorius, Bl. Bijdr. 1116.

Penane: Curtis 3171. PrErax: Wray 1865, 2418, 2466, 2739, 3561 ;
Scortechint 128, 1527; King’s Collector 1042, 2021, 3008, 4739, 5175,
5837, 10525. Senancor: fidley 8209. Manacca: Maingay (K.D.)
958; Griffith (K.D.) 3665; Holmberg 867. JoHorze: G. King. SinGaA-
PoRE: Murton 143; Ridley 3626a, 8209.—Distris. Sumatra (Porbes
2355, 2358, 2563, 2812); Java (forbes 218); Borneo (Beccari 2380;
Hawiland 1024, 1545).

After a great deal of trouble the seed with albumen and embryo were separated.
The walls of the shell of the fruit are furnished inside with projecting ribs, so that the

geed resembles that of a small walnut and the embryo is slightly curved, long and narrow,
and might be called straight. Koorders & Valeton’s description is thus confirmed.

7. SyMpPLocos spicata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 40 (1814), and Fl. Ind. II.
541; Wall. Cat. 4417; A.DC. Prod. VIII. 254; Wight Ill. t. 150 ; Mig. FI.
Ind. Bat. I. Pt. 2. 465; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Madr. cxlix; Brandis For. FI.
300; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 239 and For. Fl. II. 146;
Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 573; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 104 ;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 237

Cooke Fl. Bomb. II. 108; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. VII. 144. 8S. polycarpa,
Wall. Cat. 4423; DC. le. 255; Kurz ll.c. S. Loha, Don Prod. 144;
DC. l.c. 255. S. racemosa, Wall. Cat. 4418 (2m part, not of Roxb).

Var. malasica, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 573. A small
tree with spreading branches, reaching 30 to 40 feet in height and 1 foot
in diam. of stem; branchlets dark grey-brown, smooth, innovations
glabrous; buds lanceolate acuminate. Leaves coriaceo-chartaceous,
alternate ; elliptic- or oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate at apex,
cuneate at base; entire or serrate, glabrous on both surfaces, turning
yellow when dry; margin distantly and slightly denticulate, glandu-
lar; 4 to 7 in. long, 1:5 to 2°5 in. broad; midrib thick, impressed
above; main-nerves about 10 pairs, irregular, curved upwards and
branching towards the margin; secondary nerves few; reticulations
prominent on the under surface; petiole -4 to ‘7 in. long, channelled
above. Inflorescence an axillary panicle of spikes, the branches
mostly near the base; spikes 1:5 to 4 in. long, glabrous or slightly
pubescent; bracts very small, deciduous; bracteoles under each flower
3, ovate, acute or obtuse, ciliate, 05 in. long. Calyx-lobes 5, rounded,
imbricate, glabrous, tube as long as lobes, the latter -05 in. long.
Corolla 5-lobed, white or yellowish; tube very short; lobes ovate-
orbicular, -1 to -15 in. long. Stamens indefinite, about 40, the outer
ones longer than the petals, inserted on the corolla-tube; filaments
slender; anthers short, rounded. Ovary inferior, 3-celled; ovules 3
to 4 in each cell; style thick, -1 in. long, stigma capitate. Fruit a
globose drupe ‘15 to -2 in. long, surmounted by a rim formed by the
short calyx-lobes, smooth, olive-coloured, exocarp and endocarp thin,
ribbed. Seed 1, testa thin, albumen rather scanty ; embryo curved.

Perak: Wray 2798; Scortechim; King’s Collector 6299, 6903.
Mauacca: Griffith ; Maingay (K.D.) 957; Derry 506.

Var. acuminata, Brand Monog. Sympl. 40. Leaves long acuminate,
blunt at the tip, serrulate, 3 to 5 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad; main-
nerves 7 to 8 pairs, all nerves and reticulations, except the impressed
midrib, prominent on the upper surface in young leaves. Flowers
sometimes pedicellate. Fruit somewhat urceolate, ribbed. Symplocos
acuminata, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I. Pt. 2. 467. Dicalyx acwminatus, Bl.
Biydr. 1119.

Perak: Scortechint 1556.— Distrin. Java, Sumatra (Forbes
3208). .

Var. attenuata, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. II]. 573. Leaves
long acuminate at apex, long attenuate at base, 3 to 4 in. long, 1 to
1:25 in. broad; margins serrate. Spicate branches of the inflorescence
slender, usually short. Fruit small, often only -1 to 15 in. in diam.

17

238 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

S. attenuata, Wall. Cat. 4426; A. DC. Prod. VIII. 256; Brand Monog.
Sympl. 39.

Kepaxu: King’s Collector 1764.—Distris. Assam, Burma.

8. SYMPLOCOS FERRUGINEA, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 40 (1814), Fl. Ind. II.
542. A tree with spreading branches reaching 50 to 60 feet in height
and 1 foot in diam. of stem; branchlets stout, dark brown, smooth, inno-
vations densely ferruginous-villous. Leaves coriaceous; elliptic or
elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate at apex, cuneate at base; glabrous and
shining above, ferruginous-villous especially on the nerves beneath,
turning yellow when dry; margins serrulate, denticulate or almost
entire, recurved; 5 to 8 in. long, 1-5 to 3 in. broad; midrib stout, very
prominent beneath, impressed above; main-nerves 12 to 14 pairs, pro-
minent beneath, parallel at first and straight for some distance then
arching near the margin ; secondary nerves few; reticulations obliquely
transverse, not prominent ; petiole -3 to ‘5 in. long, densely rusty-villous,
thick. Inflorescence an axillary panicle of spikes, 2 to 6 in. long,
the spikes and panicle short in bud, longer in flower, much elongated in
fruit, the branches of the panicle mostly near the base, densely ferru-
ginous-villous ; bracts very small, ovate-acute, villous; bracteoles under
each flower 3, the central one ‘12 in. long, ovate-acuminate, the two outer
shorter, ovate-acute, the three together as long as the calyx. Calyx
5-lobed; lobes ovate-obtuse, ‘1 in. long, pubescent without. Corolla
5-lobed, white, rotate; tube -05 in. long; lobes ‘1 in. long, oblong-obtuse,
3-nerved. Stamens indefinite, 40 to 70, in 5 fascicles inserted on the
corolla-tube ; filaments slender, gradually increasing in length from the
inside outwards, the outer ones a little longer than the petals ; anthers
rounded, short. Ovary depressed, disk glabrous; cells 3; style thick,
‘1 to ‘2 in. long, stigma 3-lobed; ovules several in each cell. Frwmt a
globose or ampulliform drupe, faintly ribbed, -15 to -2 in. long, sur-
mounted by the persistent calyx with enlarged connivent teeth ;
exocarp thin; endocarp very hard, bony, about 12-14-ribbed, globose
below, cylindric and very short above. Seed 1, testa thin, albumen
rather scanty ; embryo curved, -1 to -15in. long. Wall. Cat. 4412; A.
DC. Prod. VIII. 257; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I. Pt. 2. 466; Clarke in Hook.
f, Fl. Br, Ind. IIT. 574 (var. exc.) ; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. VII. 141; Brand
Monog. Sympl. 40. 8S. mollis, Wall. Cat. 4433; G. Don Gen. Syst. IV.
3. S. Verhuellu, Jungh. & de Vriese Pl. Nov. Ind. Or. 12; Mig. l.c.
467. S. javanica, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 239
(syn. S. rubsginosa exc.) and For. Fl. II. 145. 8S. lachnobotrya, and
S. Horsfieldiana, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 475. Dicalyx javanicus,
Blume Bijdr. 1117.

Penane: Wallich 4433; Phillips; Curtis 206; King’s Collector

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 239

1353. Perak: Wray 3387; Scortechint 900; King’s Collector 925,
4376, 4395, 4683, 5235, 6219, 7091, 8646, 11019. Panane: Ridley in
Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. 2, III. 318. Manacca: Maingay (K.D.) 956.—
Distris. Assam, Burma, Java (Forbes 682, 798, 861, 1203), Sumatra
(Forbes 2614, 2691, 3150; Beccarz 842), the Moluccas, the Philippines,
and §. China.

The leaves in this species are very variable ; for instance, those of King’s Collector
Nos. 4395, 4683 have oblong-lanceolate leaves 6 to 8 in. long and about 2 in. broad,
with more distant nerves, and are nearly glabrous beneath; but some of the leaves
approach very nearly to those of other specimens, and we cannot therefore separate
it as a variety. The marked elongation of the fruiting inflorescence is another
source of difficulty in superficial identification.

9. Sympntocos Ripueyi, King & Gamble, n. sp. A medium-sized
tree ; branchlets glabrous, angled, striate ; leaf-buds acuminate, glabrous.
Leaves coriaceous; ovate or oblong, acuminate at apex, attenuate at
base; glabrous on both surfaces, shining above, greenish-yellow when dry;
margins entire or remotely and faintly denticulate, recurved ; 3 to 4 in.
long, 1 to 1:5 in. broad; midrib slender, raised above; main-nerves 8
to 9 pairs, raised on both surfaces, straight, meeting in a looped intra-
marginal nerve ; secondary nerves few; reticulations prominent, raised
above ; petiole -3 in. long, channelled above. Inflorescence of sessile or
very short few-flowered axillary racemes, as long as the petiole ; rachis
silky-pubescent; bracts and bracteoles orbicular, ciliate, pubescent ;
pedicels none or very short. Calyx-lobes orbicular, thin, ciliate, -1 in.
broad, concave ; tube very short. Corolla-twbe very short, lobes ovate,
‘12 to -15 in. long, 3-5-nerved, white. Stamens about 50, in bundles
opposite the corolla-lobes; filaments slender, the outer ones a little
longer than the corolla-lobes; anthers rounded. Ovary villous, 3-celled,
ovules 2 in each cell; disk glabrous; style thick, :1 in. long, stigma
capitate, lobed. Fruit not known.

Stncapore: Ridley 5684.

A species very closely allied to S. phyllocalyx, Clarke, of N. India and China, and
to S. japonica, A. DC. of Japan.

10. SyMPLOcOS CELASTRIFOLIA, Griff. MS.; Clarke in Hook. f. FI.
Br. Ind. III. 575 (1882). A tree (?); branchlets smooth, slender,
glabrous. Leaves chartaceous; elliptic or elliptic-oblong, shortly and
bluntly acuminate at apex, cuneate at base; glabrous on both surfaces,
greenish-brown above, yellowish beneath when dry; margins crenate,
slightly recurved; 2°5 to 5 in. long, 1:5 to 2:25 in. broad; midrib
slender, impressed above; main-nerves 6 to 8 pairs, irregular, not pro-
minent, at first straight, then curving upwards and branching to meet

240 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

near the margin in an intramarginal network ; reticulations obscure ;
petiole -2 to 3 in. long, bordered by the decurrent margins of the
blade. Inflorescence a few- and basally-branched pubescent panicle of
long slender racemes, 2°5 to 3 in. long; racemes 12-16-flowered ;
pedicels -1 in. long; bracteoles 2, lanceolate, -05 in. long, ciliate,
pubescent. Calyxz-tube -05 in. long; lobes 5, oblong, obtuse, ‘075 in.
long. Corolla white, sweet-scented; tube very short; lobes ovate-oblong,
‘2in. long. Stamens in 5 bundles opposite the corolla-lobes, 40 to 70,
the outermost the longest and equal to the corolla-lobes. Ovary
depressed, disk glabrous; cells 3; style -125 in. long, stigma capitate.
Fruit an ovoid-ellipsoid drupe, -25 in. long, smooth, tipped with the rim
and erect teeth of the persistent calyx. Seeds 1 to 3, testa membranous ;
embryo slender, straight, -1 in. long. Brand Monog. Sympl. 48.
Penance: Curtis 3459. Mauacca: Grifith (K.D.) 3651.—DistRis.
Borneo (Teysmann, Motley, Beccari 2374, Haviland 509n, 1642, 3706).
11. SympnLocos ADENOPHYLLA, Wall. Cat. 4427 (1829). A tree reach-
ing 50 to 60 feet in height, stem 15 to 20 in. in diam.; branchlets dark
brown, smooth, upper parts and innovations dark rusty-glandular-
pubescent. Leaves chartaceo-corlaceous; narrowly lanceolate to elliptic-
lanceolate and elliptic; obtusely long caudate-acuminate at apex,
cuneate or attenuate at base ; glabrous on both surfaces, shining or not,
olive-brown or dark reddish-brown when dry; margins crenate or sub-
entire, the crenatures with large glands, sometimes recurved; 3 to 5 in.
iong, ‘7 to 1:5 in. broad; midrib slender, impressed above ; main-nerves
5 to 8 pairs, distant, arching upwards to join in a looped intramarginal
nerve at about two-thirds of the distance to the margin; secondary
nerves and reticulations obscure; petiole -3 to ‘5 in. long, often bent.
Inflorescence a 3- and basally-branched axillary panicle of racemes,
glandular-rusty-pubescent, 1 to 2 in. long, racemes about 12-flowered ;
bracts ovate-acute, caducous; pedicels ‘05 to -1 in. long; bracteoles
minute, thin, obtuse. Calyx-tube glabrous or minutely pubescent, -05
in. long; its teeth very minute, triangular or rounded, rusty-pubescent.
Corolla yellowish-white, tube short; lobes oblong, rounded, about
‘15 in. long, incurved at tip. Stamens 40 to 50, in 5 bundles opposite
the corolla-lobes, outer ones as long as those lobes ; filaments slender ;
anthers small, rounded. Ovary depressed, disk glabrous, cells 3; style
slender, ‘1 in. long; stigma capitate. Fruit an oblong-cylindrical or
ellipsoid drupe ‘3 to -35 in. long and half as broad, smooth, pale
yellowish-brown, crowned with the minute, inconspicuous, much-
inecurved, persistent calyx-teeth; exocarp smooth, thin; endocarp
bony, ribbed. Seed 1; embryo straight, pendulous. G. Don Gen.
Syst. IV. 3; A. DC. Prod. VIII. 257; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I. Pt. 2, 466;

Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula. 241

Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 575; Brand Monog. Sympl. 48;
Stapf in Trans. Linn. Soc. 2nd Ser. IV. 204. S. steophylla, Mig. FI.
Ind. Bat. Suppl. 476; Brand l.c. S. bancana, Miq. 1.c.

Kevan: Ridley 5523. Punana: Wallich 44274; Maingay (K.D.)
959; Curtis 402, 445. Prarax: Wray 1119, 3842, 3925, 4123; Scor-.
techint 490; King’s Collector 1269, 2606, 6873. Smuancor: Ridley 7553,
8549. Mauacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3649. Sineapore: Wallich 44273;
G. Thomson ; Hullett 828; Walker 255; Ridley 3635a, 3809.—Disrrip.
Sumatra (Beccari 147); Bangka (Horsfield 39); Borneo (Beccari 2115,
Lobb, Haviland 1187).

A variable species as regards the leaves and the length of the inflorescence ; the
prominent glands on the margins of the leaves are a noticeable character.

12. SympLocos PERAKENSIS, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree with
spreading branches reaching 50 to 60 feet in height; stem 15 to 20 in.
in diam; branchlets dark brown, very slender. Leaves chartaceous ;
elliptic, long caudate-acuminate at apex, cuneate at base; glabrous on
both surfaces, green when dry; margins entire, recurved ; 2 to 3°5 in.
long, 1 to 1:5 in. broad; midrib slender; main-nerves 6 to 7 pairs,
the two lowest near the margin and produced upwards along it, the
others curved upwards to meet in a looped intramarginal nerve, which
is rather prominent; secondary nerves and reticulations obscure;
petiole -2 in. long, channelled above. Inflorescence a sessile 3-branched
panicle of racemes axillary to the upper leaves or on the branchlets
below them, 1 to 2 in. long or less; panicle branches and racemes very
slender, the latter about 8-10-flowered ; rachis grey-pubescent; 1 bract
and 2 bracteoles, ovate-acute, scarcely -05 in. long, persistent; pedicels
about -05 in. long. Calyx-twbe short; lobes 5, rounded, grey-pubescent,
ciliate, ‘05 in. long, as long as tube. Corolla-tube short; lobes oblong,
white, -125 in. long. Stamens about 40, in 5 bundles opposite the
corolla-lobes; filaments slender, exsert; anthers rounded, minute.
Ovary villous; cells 3; style rather thick, villous, -1 in. long, stigma
small. Frwit a cylindrical glabrous drupe, -4 to -d in. long, -25 in.

‘in diam., the top rusty-hirsute and crowned by the persistent rusty-

hirsute calyx-lobes, the calyx-rim ‘1 in. broad; exocarp fleshy, endo-
carp hard, bony. Seeds 3, testa rather thick, embryo straight.

Perak: Scortechini 646; Wray 2593, 2944; King’s Collector 4446,
4570, 4086, 7863, 10163, 10501, 10515, 10801, 10985. Srnancor :
Ridley 10223.

This species is very near to S. adenophylla, but the leaves are entire, much thinner
and smaller, and not glandular, and the inflorescence is more compound, more slender,
grey- and not rusty-pubescent, and has rounded calyx-lobes.

242 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

13. Sympnocos Branprana, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small tree
reaching 15 to 25 feet in height ; stem 4 to 6 in. in diam.; branchlets round,
densely covered with soft ferruginous tomentum and long stiff hispid
hairs ; innovations densely ferruginous-silky-tomentose. Leaves mem-
branous; ovate-oblong, long acuminate at apex, rounded or cordate at
base ; pilose on both surfaces, at length glabrescent above, paler beneath,
olive-brown when dry; margin entire, recurved, thickly villous; 3 to
6 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad; midrib slender, prominent beneath ; main-
nerves about 8 pairs, much curving upwards to join as a looped intra-
marginal nerve, raised beneath ; reticulations obscure ; petiole scarcely
‘Lin. long. Inflorescence of axillary few-flowered racemes or panicles
up to 1-5 in. long, lax-flowered; rachis syender, thickly ferruginous-
villous, as are the bracts and calyx; bracts leaf-like, cuspidate-
acuminate, ‘2 to 4 in. long; bracteoles 2, similar but smaller ; pedicels
‘1 in. long; flowers white. Calyx-twbe very short; lobes linear-
lanceolate, -1 to -2 in. long. Corolla-twhe very short; lobes elliptic-
obtuse, glabrous, 3-nerved, -15 in. long. Stamens 60 to 70 or even
more, in 5 bundles opposite the corolla-lobes; filaments slender ;
anthers small, rounded. Ovary and disk villous, style slender, stigma
capitate. Fruit oblong-cylindrical, light blue, constricted above the
middle, villous, ‘8 in. long, *3 in. broad; exocarp fleshy, endocarp
crustaceous; cells 3, the lower one bearing 1 seed; albumen fleshy ;
embryo slightly curved.

Perak: Curtis 2030; Scortechint 346, 349 on Maxwell’s Hill,
3,000 feet; Wray 677 at Waterfall Hill, Lartt; King’s Collector 1887,
in dense jungle on rocky creeks.

We have named this handsome species in honour of the author of the most recent
monograph of the genus.

14, Sympnocos conconor, Brand Monog. Sympl. 65 (1901). A tree,
reaching 30 to 40 feet in height; branchlets dark brown, innovations
tawny-pubescent. Leaves thinly coriaceous ; oblong or oblong-obovate,
abruptly acuminate at apex, the acumen mucronate, attenuate at base ;
glabrous on both surfaces, shining above; margins entire or obscurely
dentate; 3 to 4 in. long, 1-1-5 in. broad ; midrib slender, slightly raised
above ; main-nerves 6 to 7 pairs, rather obscure, arching upwards to
anastomose near the margin; reticulations prominent; petiole about ‘1 in.
long. Inflorescence of sessile or very shortly peduncled, 3-branched
panicles up to ‘5 in. long, all golden-pubescent, about 10-12-flowered ;
bracts ovate-acute, small; bracteoles smaller, 2 to each pedicel; pedicels
slender, about ‘1 in. long. Calyxz-tube funnel-shaped, ‘05 in. long;
lobes 5, rounded, short. Corolla-tube very short; lobes oblong, -1 in.

a

9
Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 243

long. Stamens about 60, scarcely exsert. Ovary and disk silky-
pubescent ; style slender, stigma capitate, 3-4-lobed. Frwit an oblong
glabrous drupe, ‘3 in. long, -15 to -2 in. broad, surmounted by the
slightly depressed disk which is shortly overtopped by the calyx-lobes.

PENANG: on Penam Bukit at 2,000 feet, Curtis 1039.

15. SyMPLOcos CALYCODACTYLOS, Brand Monog. Sympl. 63 (1901). A
tree (?); branchlets villous with long tawny spreading bristles, innova-
tions densely villous. Leaves membranous; oblong-lanceolate, long-
acuminate at apex, rounded at base, sometimes almost cordate; both
surfaces covered sparsely with tawny bristles, especially on and along
the nerves beneath; margins distantly long glandular denticulate ;
4 to 55 in. long, 1:5 to 2 in. broad; midrib slender, impressed above ;
main-nerves about 8 pairs, curving slightly upwards at an angle of
about 30° with the midrib to anastomose near the margin ; reticulations
prominent, primary ones transverse parallel; petiole stout, villous, -15
to -2 in. long. Inflorescence a slender, axillary, tawny-villous raceme,
2 to 3 in. long, with about 4 to 5 flowers ; bracts lanceolate-acuminate,
-25 in. long, caducous; pedicels -5 in., very slender, ending in a dense
tuft of tawny bristles beneath the calyx. Calyxz-tube short; lobes 5,
linear oblong, densely tawny-bristly without, glabrous within, -25 in.
long. Corolla-twbe short; lobes 5, obovate, glabrous, as long as calyx-
lobes or slightly longer. Stamens about 80, 5-adelphous, filaments
flattened; anthers small, rounded. Ovary and disk villous; style
slender, -1 in. long; stigma small, capitate. Frwit unknown.

PERAK: at Waterloo, 3,000 feet, Curtis 1330.

16. SymPLocos OPHIRENSIS, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 479
(1882). A bush (Wray), or more probably a small tree; branches terete,
nearly black, glabrous; innovations appressed-tawny-pubescent ; buds
ovate-acuminate, silky, -1 in. long. Leaves coriaceous; elliptic or elliptic-
lanceolate, acute or rounded or sometimes emarginate at apex, cuneate or
rounded at base ; glabrous and usually shining above, sparsely pubescent
beneath when young, afterwards glabrous, reddish-brown when dry;
margins entire or very obscurely denticulate, recurved; 2 to 4 in.

_long, 1 to 1:5 in. broad; midrib stout, impressed above ; main-nerves

8 to 10 pairs, raised on both surfaces, straight at first, then curving
upwards and joining in an intramarginal looped nerve; secondary
nerves many, similar, reticulations prominent; petiole stout, -1 to -2 in.
long. Inflorescence of very short racemes, from the axils of the upper
leaves or from the new wood below them; racemes -3 to -4 in. long,
silky-pubescent, 5-7-flowered; bracts and bracteoles very small, ovate,
acute; pedicels 0 to:1 in. long. Calyz-lobes 5, silky-pubescent, ovate-
acute, ciliate, -6 in. long; tube ‘1 in. long. Corolla-twbe short; lobes

244 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

white, oblong-obtuse, -2 in. long, 5-nerved. Stamens in bundles of 6 to
12 each opposite the corolla-lobes, 30 to 60 in all; filaments slender,
outer as long as petals; anthers rounded, very small. Ovary and disk
nearly glabrous at top; style slender, ‘15 to -2 in. long, stigma capitate ;
cells 3, ovules 2 in each cell. Fruit ovoid-cylindric, blueish-purple
when ripe, -3 to -4 in. long, -2 in. broad, surmounted by calyx-rim with
patent lobes, nearly as wide as the top of the fruit ; exocarp crustaceous ;
endocarp very hard, bony, obscurely ribbed and irregularly indented.
Seed 1, testa membranous, albumen fleshy, embryo straight. Brand
Monog. Sympl. 58. Symplocos No. 42, Herb. Ind. Or. Hook. f.
& Th.

PERAK: on Gunong Bubu, 5,000 feet, Wray 3919; Scortechim.
Matacca : on Mount Ophir, Griffith (K.D.) 3650; Ridley 10083; Derry
623 ; Lobb.

The specimens of Wray and Scortechini have the leaves rounded at both ends, but
there seems no reason to keep them as a separate variety from the specimens from
Mount Ophir which are acute at apex and cuneate at base. ;

17. Sympnocos Currisu, Oliv. in Hook. Icon. t. 1757 (1888). A
shrub or small tree, reaching 10 to 15 feetin height; branchlets slender,
pale brown, glabrous; leaf-buds small, acuminate, pubescent. Leaves
chartaceous ; elliptic, abruptly long acuminate at apex, cuneate at base ;
glabrous on both surfaces, pale greenish-brown when dry; margins
obscurely denticulate, slightly recurved; 4 to 9 in. long, 1°5 to 3 in.
broad; midrib slender, raised beneath, impressed above; main-nerves
5 to 7 pairs, the lowest pair very near the margin, the rest gradually
more and more distant, all curving upwards to and along the margin,
where they form an intramarginal looped nerve ; secondary nerves very
few or none; reticulations transverse, fairly prominent, rather distant ;
petiole -2 to -4 in. long, channelled above. Inflorescence of short (up to
‘4 in. long) racemes axillary to the upper leaves or on the young wood
below them; racemes about 5-flowered ; bract ovate-acute, -1 in. long,
keeled, villous; bracteoles 2, similar but smaller; pedicels stout, about
‘05 in. long. Calyx-tube about ‘1 in. long; lobes 5, ovate, obtuse, as
long as tube, all minutely pubescent without. Corolla-tube very short,
lobes elliptic-oblong, :2 in. long, 5-nerved, white. Stamens many, 60 or
more; filaments slender, longer than corolla-lobes; anthers rounded,
minute ; staminal bundles only noticeable in bud. Ovary villous, disk
glabrous ; style slender, -2 in. long, stigma capitate; cells 3, ovules 2 in
each cell. Frwit a cylindric oblong berry, bright blue when ripe, ‘5 to
‘8 in. long, somewhat constricted at about one-third distance from the
top; the top surmounted by the calyx-rim and connivent teeth ; exocarp

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 245

crustaceous, endocarp woody; cells 1 to 3. Seed usually 1, testa mem-
branous, albumen fleshy, embryo straight. Brand Monog. Sympl. 69.

Penane: Curtis 1099. Prax: Wray 692, 2830; Scortechin 328,
646, 1423; King’s Collector 2084, 2099, 2406, 8431.

18. Sympnocos crassipes, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 580
(1882). A tree (?); branchlets stout, smooth, grey. Leaves stoutly
chartaceous ; large, elliptic-lanceolate, abruptly acuminate at apex, sub-
cordate or obtusely rhomboid at base ; glabrous on both surfaces ; margins
sub-entire, slightly recurved; 6 to 7 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad; midrib
prominent, thick; main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, irregular and at irregular
angles, usually only slightly curved upwards to meet in a looped intra-
marginal nerve ‘25 in. from margin; secondary nerves and few trans-
verse reticulations prominent; petiole very stout, -15 to -2 in. long.
Facemes axillary, 4-flowered ; pedicels very small, -1 in. long at most;
bracts ovate-acute, like the rachis and calyx densely ferruginous-
pubescent. Calyx-tube very short; lobes ovate, 075 in. long. Corolla-
tube short; lobes -1 to -15 in. long, oblong-obtuse. Stamens about
30, slightly exsert. Ovary 3-celled; disk fulvous-pilose. Firwmt not
known. Brand Monog. Sympl. 52.

Matacca: on Mount Ophir, Maigay (K.D.) 960.

19. SympLocos penaneranaA, King & Gamble, n.sp. A small tree (?) ;
branchlets rounded, upper ones and innovations densely dark ferru-
ginous-hirsute. Leaves chartaceous ; lanceolate, long acuminate at apex,
somewhat rounded at base; glabrous above, sparsely pilose beneath
with long stiff ferruginous hairs especially on and along the nerves ;
greenish-brown when dry; margins distantly but sharply serrate in the
middle part, entire on the acumination and near the base, revolute ;
4 to 7 in. long, 1 to 1:25 in. broad; midrib prominent beneath, impressed
above; main-nerves 4 to 6 pairs, irregularly distant, curving upwards
and meeting about ‘2 in. from the margin in a looped intramarginal
nerve; secondary nerves and transverse reticulations scanty but pro-
minent ; petiole short, -15in.long, stout, hirsute. Inflorescence a sessile
very short raceme or panicle of flowers on the young branches; bracts
several, very small, densely rusty-hirsute. Calyx-twbe short; lobes 5,
oblong, obtuse, -125 in. long, glabrous within, densely rusty-hirsute
without. Corolla-tube short; lobes 5, oblong, rounded, -2 in. long.
Stamens about 30; filaments slender; anthers rounded. Ovary villous ;
style slender, pubescent, 15 in. long; stigma capitate. Fruit unknown.

Prnane: at West Hill, 2,500 feet, Curtis 325.

20. SyMPLocos cERASIFoLIA, Wall. Cat. 4434 (1829). A tree, reach-
ing 60 feet and even 80 feet in height; stem with a diam. of 20 in. ;
branchlets glabrescent, smooth, somewhat angled, reddish-brown ; leaf-

246 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

buds nearly globose, scales rounded, acuminate. Leaves coriaceo-
chartaceous ; oblong or elliptic-oblong, acuminate at apex, cuneate or
attenuate at base; glabrous above, sparsely pilose on the nerves beneath
otherwise glabrous, dark greenish-brown when dry ; margins crenately
serrate except at the very base and on the acumination, slightly recurved ;
5 to 7 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad, midrib slender, impressed above;
main-nerves 6 to 8 pairs, conspicuous, at once curving upwards and
round to join each other in a well-marked looped ring -2 to °3 in. from the
margin; reticulations transverse; petiole ‘5 to -7 in. long, slender,
channelled above. Inflorescence of axillary and sub-terminal pubescent
spikes ; the rachis stout, angular; bracts broad, round, villous, early
caducous; bracteoles 2, ovate-acute, ‘075 in. long, villous; flowers
about 12 in each spike. Calyx-twbe short, -05 in. long; lobes lanceolate,
acute, pilose, -125 in. long. Corolla-tuwbe short; lobes oblong-acute,
3-nerved, -2 in. long. Stamens about 30, or very numerous—over
106 (Scortechini), on the corolla-tube, fascicles not well separated ;
filaments very slender; anthers rounded, very minute. Ovary and
disk slightly hairy; style slender, curved, -2 in. long, stigma capitate ;
cells 3, ovules 2 to 3 im each cell. Frwit a cylindric oblong drupe 1°5
to 2 in. long, 1 in. broad, truncate at both ends and tipped above by the
persistent calyx-tube and lobes, the rim about -2 in. broad; smooth,
yellowish-brown; exocarp thick, corky; endocarp woody with 7 to 8
sharp star-like ridges. Seed 1, testa membranous; albumen thin,
embryo straight, pendulous; radicle long. A. DC. Prod. VIII. 257;
Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 580; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. I. Pt. 2. 466;
Brand Monog. Sympl. 52. Bobua cerasifolia, Miers in Journ. Linn. Soc.
XVII. 304.

Penane: Wallich 4434; Curtis 1503, 3096. Prrax: Wray 445,
3003; Scortechint 515; King’s Collector 6283, 6950. Manacca :
Maingay (K.D.) 962

Scortechini considered his No. 515 to represent a species separate from S. cerasifolia,
but with a large series of specimens before us we find it difficult to agree to this.

21. SympLocos ricips, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 581
(not of Wall.) (1882). A tree with spreading branches, reaching
60 to 80 feet in height and 18 to 24 in. in diam. of stem; branchlets
stout, dark brown, glabrous, angled when dry, marked with the pro- |
minent round raised scars of fallen leaves; branch-buds large, covered
with oblong glandular-serrate stipular scales, softly silky on the
back; leaf-buds acuminate, -3 to -5 in. long, silky-pubescent. Leaves
coriaceo-chartaceous ; oblong or oblong-lamceolate, acute or shortly
acuminate at apex, attenuate at base; glabrous on both surfaces

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 24:7

and usually shining, dark greenish-brown when dry; margins entire
or very shortly serrate, recurved when dry; 6 to 12 in. long, 2°5 to
5 in. broad; midrib stout, much raised beneath, impressed above;
main-nerves 10 to 13 pairs, raised beneath, curving upwards to
and along the margin; secondary nerves few or none; reticulations
transverse, parallel, not prominent; petiole ‘7 to 1:3 in. long, stout,
glabrous. Injlorescence of simple spikes, strobilate when young and
scarcely ‘5 in. long, in flower 1-5 to 2 in. long with pubescent rachis,
in fruit reaching 3 in. long with stout nearly glabrous rachis, in
the axils of upper leaves or the young branchlets below them; bracts
broadly ovate, acute, concave, minutely grey or tawny-pubescent ;
bracteoles 2, lanceolate-acute, -1 in. long, all early deciduous; buds
ovoid, grey-pubescent. Calyx-tube ‘075 in. long; lobes 4, ovate-acute,
blunt, -1 to -15 in. long, both grey-pubescent. Corolla-tube short,
lobes 5, white, oblong, acute, -25 in. long, 5-nerved. Stamens in 5
bundles opposite the corolla-lobes, about 60; filaments very slender,
outer ones longer than corolla-lobes ; anthers rounded, minute. Ovary
and disk glabrous; style curved, -25 in. long, stigma capitate; cells 3,
ovules 2 in each cell. Fruit ovoid-oblong, 1 to 15 in. long, ‘75 to 1 in.
broad, waxy greenish-white when half ripe, dark blue when ripe; pale
brown, shining, smooth, obscurely angled when dry; surmounted by
the calyx-rim -15 in. broad with erect calyx-teeth ; exocarp thick, fleshy ;
endocarp very hard, woody, with 8 sharp star-like ridges; cells 3. Seeds
1 to 3, testa thin fibrous, albumen fleshy, embryo straight, radicle long.
Brand Monog. Sympl. 52. Doxomma rigidum, Miers in Trans. Linn.
Soc. Ser. 2. Bot. I. 104. Barringtonia rigida, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl.
Br. Ind. II. 510.

Perak: Wray 1294, 3207; Scortechini 2046; King’s Collector 4246,
4277, 4613, 5045, 5048, 6095, 6179, 7260, 7898, 8543, 10013. SELANGOR:
Firdley 10544. Manacca: Maingay (K.D.) 767, 965. SINGAPORE:
Cantley 50; Ridley 1798, 5960.

22. SyMPLOCOS RUBIGINOSA, Wall. Cat. 4432 (1829). A large shrub
or a tree sometimes reaching 70 to 100 feet in height and 15 to 20 in.
or more in diam. of stem; branches stout, grey, nearly glabrous ;
branchlets stout, angled, glabrous or cinnamomeous- or ferruginous-
hirsute; leaf-buds lanceolate, 3 to ‘4 in. long. Leaves coriaceo-
chartaceous; obovate-oblong, acute or shortly and abruptly acuminate
at apex, cuneate at base; glabrous above, pubescent especially on
the nerves beneath, the pubescence pale rusty-brown, pale greenish-
brown when dry; margins shortly dentate especially on the upper
half, sometimes nearly entire, recurved; 5 to 11 in. long, 2 to 4 in.
broad; midrib stout, prominent beneath, impressed above; main-

248 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

nerves 10 to 13 pairs, parallel, very prominently raised beneath
and usually impressed above, curving upwards to and along the
margin; secondary nerves few or none; reticulations many, pro-
minent, transverse, parallel; petiole thick, densely pubescent, ‘5 to
lin. long. Inflorescence of simple erect spikes, from the axils of upper
leaves or from the young branchlets below them; spikes 1 to 2 in. long,
softly cinnamomeous-pubescent, the rachis stout especially in fruit ;
flowers about 12 to 16 in each spike, each flower supported by a broad
ovate rounded bract :175 in. long and two ovate-acute bracteoles -1 in.
long. Calyx-lobes ovate-lanceolate, acute, ‘06 to -07 in. long; tube as
long as lobes. Corolla-tube short, lobes white, oblong, ‘15 in. long,
3-nerved, glabrous. Stamens in 5 bundles opposite to the corolla-lobes,
usually about 30; filaments unequal, the outer ones longer than the
corolla-lobes; anthers minute, round. Ovary and disk glabrous, style
slender, about -15 in. long, stigma capitate or lobed; cells 3. Fruit an
ovoid-oblong drupe, °4 in. long, ‘25 in. broad, surmounted by the calyx-
rim ‘1 in. in diam., pale brownish-yellow when dry, glabrous or softly
pilose; exocarp thin, crustaceous, fragile; endocarp woody, faintly
ridged; seeds usually 3. A. DC. Prod. VIII. 257; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I.
Pt. 2. 466; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 580; Brand Monog.
Sympl. 53. Lodhra rubiginosa, Miers in Journ. Linn. Soc. XVII.
299.

Penance: Wallich 4432; Curtis 528, 1692; G. King. Perax:
Scortechim 1825 ; King’s Collector 5192, 5771, 7112, 8105, 10015, 10021.
Mauacca: Maingay (K.D.) 955; Griffith (K.D.) 3652. JoHorn: Ridley
11115. Srneapore: Cantley 72; Ridley 4117.—Distrip. Sumatra
(Forbes 1991), Borneo (Beccari 1216, Haviland 1679, 3480).

Subgenus II.—CorDYLOBLASTE.

23. SymMpLocos conrusa, Brand Monog. Sympl. 88 (1901). A shrub,
5 to 8 feet high (Lobb); branchlets rough, dark brown, marked with pro-
minent cushion-like scars, uppermost ones and innovations ferruginous-
pubescent. Leaves chartaceous; variable in shape, elliptic-oblong to
ovate-lanceolate bluntly acute at apex, attenuate often unequally at
base; margins entire or slightly undulate, recurved; glabrous on both
surfaces; 3 to 4 in. long, 1:5 to 2 in. broad; midrib slender ; main-nerves
irregular, about 6 pairs; secondary nerves and reticulations also irregular,
indistinct; petiole -2 to ‘3 in. long, slightly pubescent. Inflorescence of
very short, 1—4-flowered, axillary, grey-silky racemes about -25 in. long ;
bracts very small, ovate-acute ; bracteoles also minute, 2 to each pedicel ;
pedicels 05 to ‘1 in. long; flowers white, sweet-scented. Calyx-tube

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 249

campanulate, grey-silky, ‘1 in. long; lobes 5, short, rounded, ciliate.
Corolla-tube funnel-shaped, 2 to ‘3 in. long, glabrous ; lobes 5, oblong,
obtuse, spreading, ‘15 in. long. Stamens very many (40 to 60), inside a
staminal tube somewhat longer than the corolla-tube; filaments very
short, slender ; anthers small, rounded. Ovary and disk villous; style
slender, hirsute or glabrescent, :3 to *5 in. long; stigma large, capitate.
Frwit not known. S. Henschelui, Benth. & Hook. f. ex Clarke in
Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 588; Forbes & Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc.
XXVI. 73.

Matacca: on Mount Ophir, Griffith (K.D.) 3644; Lobb ; Maingay
(K.D.) 954.—Disrris. Borneo (Beccarz 2405), China.

This species, which in the Hl. Br. Ind. was placed under S. Henschelii, has been
separated by Brand, who considers the true S. Henschelii (Cordyloblaste Henschelii,
Moritzi in Bot. Zeit. vi. 604 (1848), to be a Java plant only. It is not thought neces-
sary to maintain Clarke’s var. hirtistylis.

94. Symptocos Marncayi, Benth. ex Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind
III. 588 (1882). A tree with spreading branches reaching 40 to 60
feet in height and 10 to 15 in. in diam. of stem; branches stout,
light brown; branchlets and innovations densely ferruginous-velvety-
pubescent. Leaves chartaceous; elliptic-oblong, shortly acuminate
at apex, broadly attenuate or rounded at base; glabrous or with a
few scattered hairs above, sparsely pubescent beneath except the
nerves which are hirsute, marked also beneath by numerous faint
transverse lines; margins entire; 4 to 6 in. long, 2 to 2°5 in. broad;
midrib stout, very prominent beneath, impressed above; main-nerves
8 pairs, curving upwards and joining in a looped intramarginal nerve,
impressed above; secondary nerves few and with the reticulations
rregular; petiole -3 to ‘5 in. long, stout, densely ferruginous-
pubescent. Inflorescence of stout densely ferruginous-pubescent
racemes, 1 to 1'5 in. long, bearing about 8 to 10 flowers, in the
axils of the upper leaves; bract 1, ovate, acute, -2 in. long; brac-
teoles 2, similar but smaller; pedicels stout,-1 to -15in. long. Calyx-
tube campanulate, densely rusty-pubescent; teeth 5, rounded, ‘05 in.
long. Corolla-twbe narrow funnel-shaped, 1 to 1:5 in. long, densely
white-tomentose without; lobes ‘5 in. long, oblong, reflexed. Stanunal-
tube adnate to the corolla-tube as far as the lobes, then free above it;
top of tube truncate, 15-20-lobed, the lobes separable as ligules;
stamens inserted irregularly on the tube and lobes, about 40 to 60;
free part of filaments short, slender; anthers ovoid. Ovary and disk
hairy; style slender, as long as corolla-tube, stigma capitate; cells 3.
Frwit obovoid, obtuse, glabrous, 1°75 in. long, 1:25 in. broad, crowned

250 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

with the remains of the calyx-rim ‘125 in. wide, pericarp very thick,
woody. Brand Monog. Sympl. 90. ,

Perak: King’s Collector 6728. Mauacca: Maimgay (K.D.) 961.

25. Sympnocos Scortecuinu, King & Gamble, n.sp. A tree (?);
branchlets pale brown, slender, scurfy; innovations sparsely grey-
pubescent. Leaves chartaceous; oblong-lanceolate, attenuately blunt-
acuminate at apex, cuneate at base; glabrous on both surfaces dark
brown when dry, margins entire; 4 to 5 in. long, 1:5 to 2 in. broad;
midrib slender, raised beneath, impressed above; main-nerves 8 to 10
pairs the lowest close to the margin, the others curved upwards to meet
in a looped intramarginal nerve; secondary nerves many and, with the
reticulations, irregular, fairly prominent; petiole ‘5 in. long, channelled
above, slightly pubescent when young. JInjlorescence of axillary or
pseudo-terminal racemes, °7 to 1 in. long, sometimes giving the appear-
ance of a terminal panicle; rachis grey-pubescent, angular; bract and
2 bracteoles lanceolate-acuminate, -1 to -15 in. long; pedicels -2 in. long.
Calyx-tube campanulate, -2 in. long, grey-pubescent without, as are the
rounded obtuse ‘05 in. long teeth. Corolla-tube slender, funnel-shaped,
1 to 1:5 in. long, densely white-tomentose without; lobes ‘5 in. long,
oblong-obtuse, much imbricate in bud. Staminal-tube adnate to the
corolla-tube as far as the lobes, then free above it, top of tube truncate,
about 15-lobed, the lobes separable as ligules; stamens inserted irregu-
larly on the tube and lobes, about 40 to 50; free part of filaments short,
slender; anthers rounded. Ovary and disk hairy; style slender, as
long as corolla-tube, stigma capitate; cells 8, ovules 2 in each cell.
Fruit obovoid-oblong, obtuse, glabrous, 1:75 in. long, 1:2 in. broad,
crowned with the remains of the calyx-rim ‘1 in. in diam.; pericarp
thick, corky ; seed 1.

PeERak: Scortechin.

This species comes very near to S. Maingayi in respect to its flowers and fruit, but

the branches are much more slender, the dense ferruginous tomentum is absent, and
the leaves are different, so we have no hesitation in describing it as a new species.

The following Bornean species seems worthy of description here : it
may possibly be found also in the Peninsula :—

Sympitocos Havinanp1, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small tree (?); branchlets stout,
somewhat flattened, yellowish-brown; leaf-buds conical, glabrous. Leaves coriaceous ;
elliptic, abruptly acuminate at apex, acute at base; glabrous on both surfaces, orange-
brown when dry; margins entire, recurved; 3 to 4 in. long, 1:25 to 1:75 in. broad;
midrib stout, impressed above; main-nerves 7 to 8 pairs, the lowest pair near the
margin and more acutely angled (about 45°) than the others, straight at first at an
angle of 60°, then curved to meet in a widely looped intramarginal nerve, prominently
raised above when dry ; secondary-nerves and reticulations also raised; petiole -4 to
‘5 in. long, stout, rough, the upper half winged by the decurrent margin of the blade.
Inflorescence a nearly sessile, few-branched panicle of racemes, about 1°5 in. long;

Flora of the Malayan Pennsula. 251

flowers about 12; rachis glabrous, flattened ; bracts and bracteoles minute, caducous ;
pedicels none or very short, scarcely -05 in. long; buds globose. Calyx-tube -05 in.
long; lobes orbicular, ciliate, as long as tube. Corolla-twbe very short; lobes 5, -15
in. long, ovate-oblong, ciliate. Stamens about 50, in 5 bundles of about 10 each,
opposite the corolla-lobes ; anther-cells orbicular; filaments slender, the longest as
long as the petals. Ovary conical, glabrous; style slender, ‘1 in. long, stigma
capitate. Fruit not known.

Borneo: in Sarawak, near Kuching, Haviland No. 1954.

2. Sryrax, Linn.

Trees and shrubs, usually more or less lepidote or stellate-tomentose
on all parts except the upper-surface of the leaves, rarely glabrous.
Leaves various in shape, entire or serrulate. Flowers generally white,
in lax axillary or terminal, simple or compound, often pendulous
racemes; bracts very small. Calyx campanulate, free or slightly adnate
to the base of the ovary, truncate or 5-toothed. Corolla-tube short;
lobes 5, erecto-patent, elliptic-oblong, imbricate or valvate. Stamens 10,
l-seriate at the base of the corolla-tube; filaments more or less flat-
tened, continuous with the connective ; anthers large, linear, the cells
parallel, erect. Ovary nearly free, at first 3-celled, later often 1-celled ;
style subulate ; stigma capitate, somewhat 3-lobed; ovules few in each
cell, in free ovaries nearly all erect from the lower basal angle, in half-
adnate ovaries upper pendulous lower erect. Fruit globose or ellip-
soid, seated on the cupuliform or patelliform calyx, breaking up
irregularly. Seeds 1 or rarely 2 or more, integuments 2, the outer
chartaceous or hardened, the inner membranous; albumen fleshy,
copious; embryo straight, axile or excentric ; cotyledons broad, with a
longish terete radicle—Distris. Warmer regions of Asia and America,
a few extending to temperate Asia and South Europe, species about 60.

Leaves green beneath, slightly stellate-pubescent oe -. IL. S. serrulatum.
Leaves white or greyish-white beneath, with occasional rusty-stellate
hairs :—
Leaves small, under 5 in. long and 2°5 in. broad; calyx about
one-third of the length of the corolla a0
Leaves large, over 5 in. long and 2°5 in. broad; calyx about half
of the length of the corolla Ps

2. S. Benzoin.

3. S. crotonoides.

1. Sryrax SERRULATUM, Roxb. FI. Ind. IT. 415 (1832). A shrub or
small tree, reaching 50 feet in height; branches slender, branchlets stel-
lately grey-pubescent. Leaves membranous; ovate or ovate-lanceolate,
acuminate at apex, rounded or cordate, sometimes acute at base; nearly
glabrous above, glabrescent beneath, but with stellate hairs on both sides
of the nerves; margins sparingly and irregularly serrate, sometimes sub-

252 Flora of the Malayan Penmsula.

entire, slightly revolute; 1:5 to 5 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad; midrib
slender; main-nerves 6 to 8 pairs, curving upwards and anastomosing
near the margin; secondary nerves and reticulations prominent, the
latter transverse; petiole -2 in. long, stellate-pubescent. Racemes
terminal or from the axils of the uppermost leaves of the branchlets,
6-8-flowered or fewer, sometimes reduced to 1 only, sometimes panicu-
late from the absence of leaves, 1 to 2 in. long; rachis slender, densely
white-stellate-pubescent; pedicels -2 in. long; bracteoles linear, nearly
as long as pedicels; flowers white. Calyx campanulate; tube white-
pubescent without, glabrous within, ‘15 in. long; teeth 5, 05 in. long,
irregular, repand-dentate, white-pubescent on both sides. Corolla-tube
‘15 in. long, cylindric ; lobes 5, -25 in. long, oblong, sub-acute, densely
white-pubescent without and within except the lower part of the tube.
Stamens 10, 2°5 in. long; filaments inserted on the corolla-tube, wide
and white-tomentose at the base, narrower and glabrous above, con-
tinued in the connective; anthers broadly linear, erect, as long as the
filaments, rounded at top, cells 2 parallel. Ovary densely white-villous ;
style slender, -3 in. long; stigma small, capitate; cells 3. Fruit ellip-
soid, -4 to: 5 in. long, ‘3 in. broad, white- or grey-pubescent, supported
by the patelliform calyx; pericarp fleshy, rather thin, irregularly
breaking up. Seeds 1, rarely 2 or more; outer integument smooth,
hard, shining, brittle; inner one membranous, brown; albumen firm,
grey; embryo erect, nearly as long as the endosperm; cotyledons
cordate, ‘15 in. long; radicle thick, terete, as long ascotyledons. Wall.
Cat. 4402; A. DC. Prod. VIII. 267; Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. t. 5950 (syn.
excl.) ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 237 and For. Fl. II. 142;
Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 588; Prain Beng. Plants I. 656.
S. Portertanus, Wall. Cat. 4401; A. DC. l.c.; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I. Pt. 2,
463. 8S. floribunda, Griff. Notul. IV. 287.

Prenane: Wallich 4401; Phillips ; Curtis 1187, 1538; Ridley 7176.
Perak: King’s Collector 1662.—Distris. India, at 3,000 to 7,000 feet
from Nepal to Assam, Chittagong and Burma.

The plant is frequently affected by galls.

2. SryRax Benzorn, Dryand. in Phil. Trans. Vol. LX XVIT. 308, t. 12
(1787). A tree with slender drooping branches, reaching 60 to 80 feet in
height and 2 to 3 feet in diam. of stem; branches rounded, glabrous ;
upper branchlets rusty-grey-stellate-pubescent. Leaves chartaceous ;
elliptic, acuminate at apex, attenuate or rounded at base; glabrous
above, densely grey-stellate-pubescent beneath ; margins entire or rarely
slightly denticulate ; 4 to 5 in. long, 1:5 to 2°5 in. broad ; midrib slender,
prominent beneath, impressed above; main-nerves 6 to 8 pairs, curving

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 253

upwards to and along the margin; reticulations transverse, regular, pro-
minent; petiole ‘3 to ‘5 in. long, channelled above, densely grey-stellate-
pubescent. acemes paniculate, terminal or axillary to the upper leaves,
grey-stellate-pubescent; bracts ovate, caducous; pedicels slender,
angular, -1 to -2 in. long; bracteoles linear, as long as the pedicels or
nearly so; flowers silvery-white. Calyx cupular, -15 in. long, densely
grey-stellate-pubescent without; teeth 5, minute. Corolla-tube ‘15 in.
long, cylindric ; lobes 5, -3 in. long, oblong-linear, acute, white-pubes-
cent without and more or less within, recurved. Stamens 10, °3 in,
long, attached to the tube of the corolla; filaments flattened, °15 in.
long, white-pubescent, continued in the connective; anthers linear,
slender, erect, acute at tip, as long as filaments, cells parallel. Ovary
conical, villous above; style slender, °3 in. long; stigma small, capitate ;
cells 3, ovules 2 or more in each cell, placentas central. Frwt depressed-
globose, variable in size, reaching °8 in. in diam. and ‘6 in. in height;
white-pubescent, supported by the flattened persistent patelliform calyx ;
pericarp corky, rather thick, irregularly dehiscing. Seed usually 1,
pale-brown with a broad basal hilum; outer integument hard, brittle,
inner membranous; albumen firm; embryo horizontal or oblique,
nearly as long as the endosperm; cotyledons flattened, oblong-cordate,
2 in. long ; radicle smooth, -15 in. long, cylindric. Blume Bijdr. 671 ;
Roxb. Fl. Ind. II. 416; A. DC. Prod. VIII. 260; Bentl. & Trim. Med.
Pl. IIT. t. 169; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I. Pt. 2, 463; Clarke in Hook. f. FI.
Br. Ind. III. 589; Girke in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. i. 178,
fig. 93; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. VII. 132.

Perak: Wray 808, 1208; Scortechim 1998; King’s Collector 4459,
7840, 7884, 8615, 10203, 10305. Manacca: Maingay (K.D.) 963, 964 ;
Grifith (K.D.) 3668. Sinaapore: Ridley 2650.—Distris. Sumatra
(Beccari 699; Forbes 31204); Java (Forbes 1183).

This species gives the gum ‘‘ Benzoin,” or ‘‘ Benjamin,” of commerce. The plant
is often affected by galls, causing curious tassel-like excrescences on the branches.
The tree has the odour of violets (Wray).

3. STYRAX CROTONOIDES, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. ITT. 589 (1882).
A tree, 60 to 80 feet high and 15 to 20 in. in diam. of stem ; branches
spreading and drooping; branchlets rather thick, grey, ultimate ones
and innovations densely clothed with whitish-grey and rusty-stellate
tomentum, the rusty hairs large and scattered among the rest. Leaves
chartaceo-coriaceous; broadly oblong or elliptic-oblong, abruptly acu-
minate at apex, attenuate or cuneate at base; glabrous above except
on the nerves, densely white-tomentose beneath, and with scattered
rusty-stellate hairs; margins entire or undulate; 5 to 7 in, long, 2°5 to

18

254 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

4 in. broad; midrib prominent beneath, impressed and stellate-pilose
above; main-nerves about 10 pairs, prominent, arched upwards to and
along the margin; reticulations prominent, transverse ; petiole °3 to 4 in.
long, stellate-pubescent. Racemes in terminal and axillary panicles,
4 to 8 in. long, densely white-tomentose and rusty-stellate-pilose, in-
cluding calyx; pedicels very short, 0 to -15 in. long; bracts oblong-
lanceolate, glandular-dentate, :25 in. long; bracteoles 2, linear-subulate,
‘15 in. long; flowers creamy-white. Calyx-tube cupular, -2 to -25 in.
long, truncate; teeth 5, very minute. Corolla-tube short, -15 long,
glabrous at the very base, appressed white-pubescent above; lobes 5,
valvate, ‘3 in. long, linear-oblong, acute, afterwards recurved. Stamens
10, about ‘3 in. long; filaments short, flat, glabrous, continued in the
connective which is white-pubescent on the back; anthers ‘2 in. long,
linear, mucronate, cells parallel. Ovary 5-lobed, white-villous, conical ;
style slender, as long as corolla; stigma capitate; cells 3, ovules 5 to 6,
erect. Fruit ovoid, grey-pubescent, mucronate, 75 to 1 in. in diam.,
supported by the cupuliform calyx ; pericarp thick, corky. Seed 1, outer
integument pale brown, smooth, crustaceous, with a broad basal hilum,
inner integument membranous; albumen firm, endosperm cushion-like ;
embryo somewhat oblique ; cotyledons cordate, -2in. long ; radicle thick,
terete, as long as cotyledons. Crotoni affinis sp. Wall. Cat. 7348. _

PERAK: Scortechint 179; King’s Collector 7775, 7967, 8558, 10734.
SinGAPORE: Wallich 7848; Cantley 60.

This species, like the others, is also frequently found with large tassel-like insect
galls in place of the inflorescence.

Order LXXIV. CLEACEA.

- Erect or climbing shrubs or trees, unarmed. Leaves usually oppo-
site, rarely alternate or verticillate, simple or pinnately 3-few-foliolate,
entire or toothed; stipules none. Inflorescence sometimes dichoto-
mously cymose and centrifugal, sometimes trichotomously paniculate,
some or all branches centripetal; cymes or panicles axillary or ter-
minal. Flowers hermaphrodite, often dimorphous, sometimes polyga-
mous or dicecious, regular. Calyx free, usually small, campanulate,
4- or more-toothed or -lobed, rarely 0. Corolla gamopetalous; tube
long or short; lobes or petals 4 to 12, imbricate or induplicate-valvate
in bud. Stamens usually 2, sometimes 4, inserted on the corolla, or
hypogynous if the petals are free or 0; filaments usually short ; anthers
‘rather large, ovate or oblong, rarely linear, dehiscing on the margin.
Ovary free, 2-celled; style short or long; stigma simple or 2-lobed ;
ovules 1 to 2, rarely more, in each cell, attached to the inner angle near

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 255

the apex or base. /rwit capsular, loculicidally 2-valved or indehiscent,
or a berry or drupe. Seeds solitary or 2 in each cell, erect or pendu-
lous; testa thin or bony; albumen fleshy or horny or 0; embryo
straight ; radicle inferior or superior.—Distris. Tropical and tempe-
rate regions of the world; genera about 18, species about 280.

Corolla-lobes imbricate :—
Seeds exalbuminous ; usually climbing shrubs 58 .. lL. Jaswnoum.
Seeds albuminous; small trees.. we ue .. 2. OsMANTHUS.
Corolla-lobes valvate :—
Radicle superior ; trees or erect shrubs :—

Corolla-tube very short, petals often in pairs 3. Lryocrera.
Corolla tubular, sometimes absent 4. OLEA.
Radicle inferior ; climbing shrubs 5. Myxopyrum.

Nyctanthes Arbor-tristis, Linn., is found in gardens in cultivation.

1. JAsminum, Linn.

Erect or climbing shrubs. Leaves opposite or rarely alternate,
simple trifoliolate or imparipinnate, generally entire; petiole usually
articulate. Flowers often handsome, white pink or yellow, often
sweet-scented, in 2- or 3-chotomous or simple cymes or sometimes
solitary, axillary or terminal, inflorescence centrifugal; bracts linear
and small or ovate, sometimes petaloid, bracteoles usually linear.
Calyz-tube usually funnel-shaped or campanulate; lobes 4 to 9, linear,
long or short or 0. Corolla-twbe narrow, more or less elongate; lobes
4 to 9, spreading, much imbricate. Stamens 2, usually included in the
corolla-tube ; filaments short; anthers oblong, attached to the filaments
at the back near the base, cells parallel, connective broad, usually pro-
duced in a mucronate point. Ovary 2-celled; ovules usually 2 in each
cell, attached near the base; style filiform, long or short, often both in
different flowers on the same plant; stigma oblong or capitate, gene-
rally bifid. Berry didymous or simple by suppression of one carpel ;
-earpels globose, ellipsoid or elongate, pericarp usually of two layers,
the outer (exocarp) membranous, the inner (endocarp) fleshy or fibrous.
Seeds usually 1 in each carpel, sometimes 2, testa very thin; albumen
none; cotyledons plano-convex ; radicle inferior, very small, included
within the cotyledons or slightly exsert.—Distris. -Tropical and warm
temperate regions of Asia, Africa, and Australia, one species in Kurope,
many in cultivation : about 90 species in all.

Leaves simple :-—
Leaves penninerved, basal pair of nerves not opposite nor pro-
duced to form an intramarginal nerve :—
Inflorescence terminal :—
Erect or straggling shrub ae 35 .. 1. J. Sambac.

256 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Climbing shrubs :—
Calyx-lobes *2 in. long or longer ; leaves rather large :—
Leaves chartaceous :—
Leaves and branchlets sme main-nerves

10 to 12 pairs .. 2. J. Griffithit..
Leaves and branchlets aleimans, main-nerves 6 ‘é
8 pairs o6 fic 5 .. 3. J. Maingayi.

Leaves membranous :—
Calyx-lobes spreading, -25 in. long or longer ; fruit-
ing pedicels thickened 50 4. J. Wray.
Calyx-lobes erect, °5 in. long; sailed very shou 5. J. Curtisit.
Calyx-lobes under -2 in. long, pubescent; leaves

small :-—
Corolla-tube short, :25 in. long nhs .. 6. J. decussatum.
Corolla-tube ‘6 to °8 in. ee ‘ ae .. 7. J. bifarium.
Inflorescence axillary .. 8. J. adenophyllwn.

Leaves penninerved, basal pair of nerves anpostie, ranted to
form an intramarginal nerve :—
Basal pair of nerves prominent, branchlets round :—
Flowers in few-flowered long-peduncled cymes ; pedicels

1 to 1:5 in. long a 9. J. longipetalum.
Flowers in many-flowered short- peduncled ayaness aad
cels under ‘Sin. long .. .. 10. J. smilacifolium.
Basal pair of nerves not prominent, branches 4. angular .. 11. J. insigne.
Leaves 3-foliolate 50 an big .. 12. J. Scortechinii.

1, Jasminum Sampac, Ait. Hort. Kew. I. 8 (1789). A sub-erect,
straggling, scarcely climbing shrub; branches terete, smooth; branch-
lets slender, pubescent. Leaves membranous; variable, usually ovate,
often broadly so, acute or obtuse at apex, cuneate or rounded or
cordate at base; glabrous above, pubescent on the nerves beneath, often
with tufts of hair in the axils of the main-nerves; margins recurved ;
15 to 4:5 in. long, 1 to 2°5 in. broad; midrib slender, impressed
above, raised beneath ; main-nerves 4 to 6 pairs, arching upwards to and
along the margin, raised beneath; reticulations distinct on both sides;
petiole 1 to -25 in. long, pubescent, articulate in the middle. Flowers
white, very fragrant, solitary or in 2-3-flowered terminal pubescent
cymes; bracteoles linear-subulate; pedicels -25 in. long, pubescent.
Calyx-tube campanulate, :1 in. long; teeth 5 to 9, linear-subulate, -1 to
‘25in. long. Corolla-tube slender, funnel-shaped, ‘din. long; lobes 8 to 9,
spreading, as long as tube, oblong acute or obtuse. Stamens included
in the tube; filaments short; anthers oblong. Ovary rounded; style
slender; stigmas 2, clavate. Berry didymous or with 1 carpel only by
suppression ; carpels black, *25 in. in diam., sub-globose, surrounded by
the sub-erect persistent calyx-teeth. Bot. Reg. t. 1; Bot. Mag. 6.1785;
Wall. Cat. 2868; A.DC. Prod. VIII. 301; Wight Ic. t. 704; Dalz. &
Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 187; Brandis For. Fl. 311; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 257

Beng. XLVI. ii. 242, and For. Fl. IT. 153; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind.
III. 591; Blume Bijdr. 677; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 542; Cooke Bomb.
Hl. IJ. 111; Prain Beng. Plants 659. J. fragrans, Salisb. Prod. 12.
J. undulatwm, Willd. Sp. Pl. I. 36 (not of Ker). J. Zambac, Roxb. Hort.
Beng. 2, and Fl. Ind. Hd. Carey & Wall. 1.87. J. quwinqueflorum, Heyne ;
Wall. Cat. 2878; A.DC. l.c. 302. J. pubescens, Wall. Cat. 2880, not of
Willd. Nyctanthes Sambac and wndulatum, Linn. Sp. Pl. 8. Mogoriwm
Sambac, Lamk. Dict. TV. 210; Ill. t. 6, fig. 1. WM. undulatwm, Lamk.
Dict. TV. 212. ‘“ Kudda-mulla,’” Rheede Hort. Mal. VI. tt. 50, 51.
Burm. Thes. Zeyl. t. 58, fig. 2.
Perak: Scortechin 997.—Distrip. India, Ceylon, Burma, Siam.

Much cultivated in India and in all tropical regions. The cultivated forms have
many-flowered cymes and rounded corolla-lobes, and they are often found with double
flowers.

2. JASMINUM GRIFFITH, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 593
(1882). A slender climbing shrub; branchlets densely and patently ful-
vous-villous. Leaves chartaceous ; ovate- or elliptic-oblong, bluntly acute
or acuminate at apex, rounded or cordate at base; fulvous-pilose on
both surfaces, sparsely above, more densely beneath but glabrescent
when old, the uppermost often whitened ; 4 to 6 in. long, 1°5 to 3°5 in.
broad ; midrib prominent beneath ; main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, at first
straight then arching upwards to join in a prominent looped intra-
marginal nerve; secondary nerves few; reticulations rather indistinct ;
midrib and all nerves impressed above and pilose, raised and densely
fulvous-villous beneath, tufted in the axils; petiole stout, -2 to -4 in.
long. Flowers creamy-white, in terminal, many-flowered, fulvous-
pilose cymes, 1 to 1:5 in. long and up to 2 in. broad; bracts leafy, lan-
ceolate, about ‘5 to 1 in. long, few; bracteoles many, linear, similar to
calyx-lobes, of various lengths. Calyx-tube slender, ‘1 in. long; lobes 5,
linear, -2 in. long. Corolla-twbe slender, slightly enlarged above, ‘75 in.
long; lobes 5, spreading, -25 in. long, elliptic, apiculate; lobes and
tube minutely pubescent without. Stamens included or slightly exsert;
_ filaments broad; anthers oblong-lanceolate with a broad connective, -15
to -2 in. long. Ovary glabrous; style slender; stigma clavate. Berry
didymous ; carpels waxy-white, globose, ‘3 to ‘4 in. in diam., pericarp
crustaceous, glabrous. Seed usually one, testa fibrous; cotyledons thick,
plano-convex, ‘2 in. in diam.

PERAK: King’s Collector 10229. Mauacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3704.
SINGAPORE: Ridley 8455.

Var. cuspidata, King & Gamble. Leaves thinner than in the type,
oblong, abruptly and sharply cuspidate-acuminate at apex, attenuate and

258 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

abruptly rounded at base, 5 to 5:5 in, long, 1:5 to 2 in. broad, much
less pilose, main-nerves 8 to 10 pairs; seeds 1 to 2, testa crustaceous.

Prenane: Curtis 2787. Matacca: Maingay (K.D.) 998. JonorE:
at Gunong Palai, 1,400 feet, G. King.

3. JasmMinuM Maineayt, Clarke in Hook.f. Fl. Br. Ind. ITT. 594 (1882).
A climbing shrub; branchlets light brown, terete, internodes somewhat
elongate, innovations and inflorescence tawny-pubescent. Leaves char-
taceous; ovate or ovate-oblong, acuminate and often mucronate at
apex, rounded or attenuate or cuneate at base; glabrous on both
surfaces; margins recurved; 3 to 6 in. long, 2 to 2°5 in. broad ; midrib
stout; main-nerves 6 to 8 pairs, arching upwards to join in a looped
intramarginal nerve about -2 in. from the margin; secondary nerves
few; reticulations distant, obscure; all nerves strongly impressed above
and raised beneath ; petiole -5 to ‘7 in. long, articulate in the middle,
twisted, the bases of each pair connected by a raised nodal line.
Flowers in terminal or axillary, paniculate, tawny-pubescent, trichoto-
mous cymes, 1:5 to 2 in. long, sessile or peduncled ; bracts oblong or
spathulate, leafy ; bracteoles linear, about :25 in. long or less; pedicels
blueish, -15 in. long; flowers white, sometimes slightly tinged with
pink. Calyx-tube campanulate, -07 to -1 in. long; teeth 6, linear-
subulate, 325 in. long. Corolla-tube slender,’5 to “7 in. long, glabrous ;
lobes 8 to 10, spreading, rotate, oblong-lanceolate, apiculate, -4 in.
long, with prominent nerves. Stamens included in the corolla-tube ;
filaments slender, appressed to the tube; anthers oblong, mucronate,
_°15 in. long, connective broad. Ovary cylindrical, glabrous; style
slender, -4 to ‘5 in. long; stigma clavate. F'rwt of one carpel, oblong,
‘5 in. long, *3 in. broad, exocarp thin shining, endocarp fibrous. Seeds
2, testa thin. Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 7823.

Prenane : Maingay (K.D.) 1000; Curtis 643. Prrak: Scortechini
139, 304; Curtis 2032; King’s Collector 2761, 2762, 3975.—DisTRIB.
Borneo (Haviland & Hose 911). .

Var. kedahensis, King & Gamble. Branchlets and inflorescence
thickly rusty-pubescent. Leaves more ovate, rounded at base, nerves
fewer, rarely 3 to 4 pairs, the two lower pairs very strong. Drupe
nearly globose.

Kepaxu: Ridley 5535.

A well-marked variety which may prove, when better known, to be a species.

4, Jasminum Wrayi, King & Gamble, n. sp. A slender climbing
shrub; branchlets pale brown, slender, terete. Leaves membranous ;
oblong or obovate-oblong, acuminate at apex, attenuate or rounded,
sometimes slightly auricled at base; glabrous on both surfaces except

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 259

for tufts of tawny hairs in the axils of the main-nerves beneath ; 3 to
7 in. long, 1:5 to 2:5 in. broad ; midrib very slender, raised beneath ; main-
nerves about 7 pairs, curving upwards to and along the margin where
they are obscurely connected in an intramarginal looped nerve, usually
slightly impressed above and raised beneath; secondary nerves and
reticulations obscure; petiole ‘3 to ‘5 in., slender, twisted. Flowers
cream-coloured, in terminal, about 15-20-flowered corymbose cymes
2 to 3 in. long; peduncle 1 to 1:5 in. long, branches at right angles to
rachis in fruit, ‘7 to 1 in. long; bracts lanceolate-acuminate, 5 in. long;
bracteoles linear-subulate, -2 to °3 in. long; pedicels slender in flower,
clavately-thickened in fruit and then °3 to ‘5 in. long. Calyx-tube very
short; lobes 5, linear-subulate, spreading, curved, -25 in. long, glabrous
or slightly pilose. Corolla-twbe slender, -75 in. long, slightly enlarged
above ; lobes 8 to 9, narrow, ‘3 to ‘4 in. long. Stamens included in the
corolla-tube ; filaments short ; anthers oblong, long-mucronate. Ovary
cylindric, depressed; style slender; stigma slightly clavate. rut didy-
mous; carpels ovoid-globose, greenish-white, ‘25 to ‘5 in. long, exocarp
thin shining, endocarp fibrous. Seed 1, testa very thin, membranous ;
cotyledons plano-convex, thick.

Prerak: Wray 2297, 2905, 3147; King’s Collector 1838, 2484.

Var. juspida, King & Gamble. Upper branchlets and inflorescence
including calyx sparsely hispid, also midrib and main-nerves of leaves
beneath ; under-surface of leaves often pubescent; main-nerves up to
10 pairs.

Perak: King’s Collector 5893, on limestone hills. SELANGOR:
Curtis 3774.

Var. axilaris, King & Gamble. Leaves rather small, sparsely
pubescent, especially on the midrib and main-nerves; inflorescence
axillary, few-flowered (5 to 7), calyx hispid; fruit large, up to ‘dO in. in
diam.

PrRAK: on Maxwell’s Hill, 3,000 feet—a slender climber, Scorte-
chint 273.

5. Jasminum Curtist, King & Gamble,n. sp. A climbing shrub (?);
' branchlets slender, terete, minutely rusty-pubescent. Leaves mem-
branous ; ovate or ovate-oblong, acuminate at apex, rounded at base ;
glabrous on both surfaces except for pubescence on the nerves above
and tufts of hair in the axils of the main-nerves beneath; 3 to 5 in.
long, 1 to 2 in. broad; midrib slender; main-nerves 5 to 6 pairs, distant,
curving upwards and joining in a looped nerve ‘1 to -2 in. from the
margin, raised and prominent on both surfaces; secondary nerves and
reticulations few, irregular; petiole -4 in. long, pubescent, twisted,
articulate in the middle, the bases of each pair connected by a faint

260 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

nodal line. lowers in a terminal trichotomous rusty-pubescent cyme,
supported by pale (white ?) leafy, ovate-lanceolate, pubescent bracts 1 to
1:25 in. long; bracteoles similar but smaller; pedicels -15 in. long ;
flowers in each cyme about 15 to 20. Calyx-tube campanulate, -15 in.
long; lobes 6, linear-subulate, -5 in. long. Corolla-tuwbe slender, cylin-
drical, 1 in. long; lobes 8 to 9, spreading or recurved, ‘5 in. long, oblong-
lanceolate, acute. Anthers oblong, ‘125 in. long, mucronate. Ovary
cylindric, glabrous; style slender ; stigmas 2, clavate. rut not known.
PERAK: at Ipoh, Curtis.

A remarkable species, distinguished by the very long hair-like calyx-lobes and the
coloured or white large leafy bracts and bracteoles.

6. JASMINUM DECUSSATUM, Wall. Cat. 2860 (1829). A climbing shrub;
branchlets slender, densely rusty-pubescent. Leaves chartaceous ;
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate at apex, rounded at base; sparsely
pubescent above, more densely so beneath ; 2 to 4 in. long, 1 to 1°5 in.
broad; midrib rather stout; main-nerves 4 to 5, lowest pair obscure,
rest curved upwards to meet near the margin, impressed above, raised
beneath ; petiole -3 to -4 in. long, pubescent, articulate near the base,
the bases of each pair of petioles (as also branchlets) joined by a
raised nodal line on either side. Flowers in densely pubescent axillary
and terminal trichotomous corymbose cymes about 1 to 2 in. long, sup-
ported by a pair of large leaf-like bracts; bracteoles linear-subulate ;
pedicels ‘1 to ‘2 in. long. Calyx-tuwbe short; teeth 6, subulate, -1 in.
long. Corolla-twbe slender, -25 in. long; lobes 8 to 9, as long as tube,
oblong-lanceolate, apiculate. Stamens included in the corolla-tube ;
filaments short; anthers oblong, ‘1 in. long, mucronate. Ovary rounded,
glabrous ; style slender, longer than the corolla-tube (in short-stamened.
flowers); stigmas two, clavate. Fruit of one ellipsoid carpel, -2 to ‘3 in.
long, glabrous. A.DC. Prod. VIII. 306; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. XLVI.
ul. 241, and For. Fl. IJ. 151; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 596.

PrEnanGe: King’s Collector 1425, at Trang, 100 to 300 feet—DistTRIB.
Burma (Wallich 2860, Griffith 3699).

7. JASMINUM BIFARIUM, Wall. Cat. 2866 (1829). A climbing shrub ;
branchlets slender, terete, brown when dry, pubescent or nearly glab-
vous. Leaves chartaceous, usually bifarious; ovate or ovate-oblong,
acuminate at apex, rounded or truncate sometimes almost cordate at
base ; pubescent or sometimes nearly glabrous on both surfaces; 2 to
3. in. long, 1 to 1:5 in. broad; midrib slender, pubescent, impressed above,
raised beneath ; main-nerves 4 to 6 pairs, pubescent, prominent beneath,
arched upwards to join in an intramarginal nerve ; secondary nerves and
reticulations very obscure; petiole -2 to °3 in. long, twisted, articu-

Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula. 261

late in the middle, the bases of each pair connected (as are the branch-
lets) on either side by a raised nodal line. Flowers white, in few- (4—12-)
flowered, pubescent, sub-capitate cymes, sub-sessile in the axils of the
two uppermost bract-like leaves ; bracteoles linear-subulate, -15 in. long ;
pedicels -1 in. long. Calyx-twhe campanulate; teeth 5 to 7, linear-
subulate, -1 to 15 in. long. Corolla-twbe slender, cylindric, °6 to ‘8 in.
long; lobes 6 to 9, ovate-oblong, spreading, apiculate, ‘2 to ‘3 in. long.
Stamens included in the corolla-tube; filaments short, slender; anthers
oblong, mucronate, -1 to -15 in. long, connective broad. Ovary cylin-
dric, glabrous; style slender, exsert; stigmas 2, clavate. Mrwit a didy-
mous berry; carpels ovoid, ‘5 in. long, -2 in. broad; exocarp membranous
shining, endocarp fibrous. Seed conform to carpel, testa very thin;
membranous. A.DC. Prod. VIII. 305; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind.
Til. 595. J. bracteatwm, Wall. Cat. 2867. J. nummularoides, Blume
Mus, Lugd. Bat. I. 275; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 537.

Prnane: Wallich 2866, 2867; Curtis 1920; Ridley 9361. PERak :
Wray 4180 ; King’s Collector 860, 4920, 10699 ; Deschamps ; Scortechint
59, 144, 238. SmLancor: Ridley 7550, 8567. Panane: firdley
in Trans. Linn. Soc., Ser. 2, III. 319—Disrris. Java.

Var. glabra, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 595. Leaves
larger, elliptic, rhomboid or rounded at the base, more glabrous, less
bifarious; calyx-teeth rather longer. J. Lessertianwm, A.DC. Prod.
VIII. 304.

JUNKSEYLON (Tongka): Curtis 2911. Punana: Maingay (K.D.) 999 ;
Deschamps. Perak: Wray 4180; Scortechini ; Kunstler 122. Mawacca :
Grufith (K.D.) 3708; Goodenough 1995. JoHorn: Ridley 4217. Sinca-
PORE: Lobb; Ridley 10760.—DistRis. Sumatra.

8. JASMINUM ADENOPHYLLUM, Wall. Cat. 2876 (1829). A very slender
wiry climber; branchlets extensively twining, glabrous. Leaves mem-
branous; ovate-lanceolate to elliptic-oblong, variable, acuminate and
mucronate at apex, cuneate at base; glabrous above except on the
midrib, glabrous beneath except the tuft of tawny hairs in the axils of
the main-nerves; margins somewhat undulate; 1:5 to 5 in. long, -75 to
1-5in. broad ; midrib slender; main-nerves very slender, obscure, about
6 pairs, curving upwards to meet in a faint intramarginal looped nerve ;
petiole slender, twisted, articulate in the middle, -2 to -3 in. long, hispid.
Flowers white, solitary, or 2 to 3 together in a slender, sometimes leafy,
umbel from the axils of the leaves; peduncle :75 to 1:25 in. long,
flattened above and with a pair of opposite bracts near the middle ;
_ bracts of umbel 2, linear-subulate, -3 in. long; pedicels very slender,
‘75 to 1 in. long, clavately enlarged in fruit. Calyx-twbe campanulate,
glabrous, ribbed, -1 in. long; lobes linear-subulate, keeled on the back,

262 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

sparsely hispid, 4 to ‘5 in. long, points recurved. Corolla-tube slender,
funnel-shaped, ‘75 in. long; lobes as long or slightly longer, 8 to 9,
recurved, oblong-ligulate, about 25 to -3 in. broad. Stamens included
in the corolla-tube ; filaments short, slender; anthers oblong, mucro-
nate, *15 in. long, connective broad. Ovary cylindric; style slender ;
stigma clavate. Fruit globose, shining, young carpels -25 in. in diam.
A.DC. Prod. VIII. 314; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 597.
Penane: King’s Collector 1736.—Distris. Khasia Hills (Wallich).

This species is clearly quite a small climber, and while the Penang specimens have
only small leaves those from the Khasia Hills show comparatively large ones, but this
is not unnatural, and we believe the identification to be correct.

9. JASMINUM LONGIPETALUM, King & Gamble, n. sp. A large climb-
ing shrub, reaching 30 to 40 feet; branchlets slender, terete, pale brown.
Leaves chartaceo-coriaceous, 3-nerved; elliptic, acute or shortly
acuminate at apex, attenuate or cuneate or slightly rounded at base ;
glabrous on both surfaces; margins slightly recurved; 2 to 6 in. long,
1-5 to 3 in. broad; midrib slightly impressed above, shortly raised
beneath ; main-nerves 7 to 8 pairs, the basal pair opposite, at about 25°
with the midrib produced in an intramarginal nerve about 265 in. from
the margin, looped where the others, which are at about 65° with the
midrib, join it; secondary nerves and reticulations very indistinct ;
petiole -2 to -4 in. long, twisted. Flowers white tinged with pink,
fascicled 3 to 6 together in the axils of the upper leaves, forming sessile
umbellate cymes ; bracts very small, ovate-acute, deciduous ; pedicels
1 to 1:5 in. long, very slender, summit enlarged in fruit. Calyx-tube
short; lobes 6, glabrous, linear-subulate, ‘1 in. long, margins inflexed.
Corolla-tube very slender, :75 in. long; lobes 9, linear-oblong, acute,
3-5-nerved, ‘75 to 1 in. long, much recurved in flower. Stamens within
the tube; filaments short, slender; anthers oblong, ‘175 in. long,
obtuse. Ovary glabrous, 2-celled; style slender; stigma flattened,
minutely pubescent. Frwit didymous; carpel usually 1 only by
suppression, black, globose, -4 to °5 in. in diam.; pericarp fleshy,
glabrous. Seeds 2, testa very thin, cotyledons plano-convex.

Perak: King’s Collector 2765, 6005—on rich soil at 300 to 800 feet
elevation, scarce. SincAPorE: fidley 10987.

A particularly handsome and well-defined species, which is well worthy of garden

cultivation.

10. JaAsMINUM smiLactrotium, Griff. MS., Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br.
Ind. III. 600 (1882). A large glabrous climbing shrub ; branchlets pale
brown, terete. Leaves coriaceous, 3-nerved; ovate, abruptly caudate-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 263

acuminate at apex, obtuse or nearly cordate at base; margins entire,
recurved; 5 to 7 in. long, 3 to 4 in. broad; midrib very prominent,
impressed above, much raised beneath; two lowest main-nerves very
prominent, similar to the midrib, curved upwards to form a pair of
intramarginal nerves meeting at the apex; remaining main-nerves
irregular, 3 to 4 pairs, inconspicuous; secondary nerves and reticulations
raised above; petiole ‘75 in. long, twisted, articulate in the middle.
Inflorescence of axillary 5-20-flowered cymes; rachis jointed, terete ;
bracts spathulate, -1 to :2 in. long; bracteoles smaller, linear ; pedicels
‘2 to -3 in. long, greatly enlarged in fruit; flowers white, tinged with
pink. Calyx campanulate, tube -15 in. long; teeth 5, ‘05 in. long.
Corolla-tube slender, cylindrical, -75 to 1 in. long; lobes oblong, acute
or apiculate, -75 in. long, ‘2 in. broad. Stamens inserted in the throat
of the tube; filaments short; anthers linear-oblong, -25 in. long,
mucronate. Drwpe didymous; carpels ellipsoid, ‘1 in. long, °3 to
‘4 in. broad, smooth, shining.

Mauacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3698; Maingay (K.D.) 997.

11. JAsMINUM INSIGNE, Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. I. 278 (1849).
An extensively climbing shrub; branches obscurely quadrangular with
pale-grey corky bark; branchlets acutely quadrangular, glabrous, the
edges pale-corky-winged. Leaves chartaceo-coriaceous ; opposite, occa-
sionally whorled; elliptic or elliptic-oblong, acute at apex, cuneate at
base ; glabrous on both surfaces; margins recurved; 2 to 8 in. long, 1 to
4 in. broad ; midrib slender, raised beneath; main-nerves 6 to 7 pairs,
the basal pair faint, opposite, at about 30° with the midrib, produced in
an intramarginal nerve ‘1 to -2 in. from the margin, looped where the
others, which are at 50° to the midrib, join it; secondary nerves and
reticulations obscure ; petiole 4 to 1°2 in. long, twisted, the upper part
bordered for a short distance by the decurrent margins of the blade.
Flowers white, in compact, many-flowered, glabrous cymes from the
axils of the leaves or (more usually) from the stem; bracteoles sub-
ulate, -1 to -15in. long, caducous; pedicels stout, -2 in. long, somewhat
angular. Calyx-tube campanulate, :25 in. long; lobes 4 to 5, linear-
subulate, unequal, -25 to -35 in. long, points hooked. Corolla-twbe
slender, -75 to 1 in. long, somewhat inflated above; mouth slightly
thickened ; lobes 4 to 5, spreading, ovate-oblong, apiculate, -5 in. long,
°3 to ‘4 in. broad. Stamens in the tube of the corolla; filaments
flattened; anthers oblong, mucronate, -25 to °3 in. long. Ovary
glabrous, rounded; style slender, clavate, obscurely cleft in 2 short
stigmas; cells 2. Fruit didymous; carpels oblong, smooth, white when
ripe. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 541. J. cawliflorum, Scortechini MS. in
Herb. Calcutta.

264 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Psrak: at Theripay Taipay, Scortechini; Wray 2840; Cantley 23 ;
King’s Collector 2890, 3398, 7059.—Distriz. Sumatra, Forbes 2906.

A very fine species of well-marked characters.

12. Jasminum Scorrecuinu, King & Gamble, n. sp. A slender
climbing shrub, reaching 60 feet in length; branchlets dark-coloured,
glabrous. Leaves thin when young, almost coriaceous when old, 3-
sometimes 1-foliolate, opposite or sub-opposite; terminal leaflet ovate
or lanceolate, acuminate at apex, rounded at base; glabrous on both
surfaces, upper surface shining, nearly black when dry, lower surface
dull, reddish when dry; 2:5 to 4 in. long, 1 to 1:5 in. broad; lateral
leaflets similar but slightly smaller and often lanceolate ; midrib slender,
raised beneath; main-nerves very indistinct, apparently 6 to 8 pairs;
petiole -75 in. long, petiolule of end leaflet °5, of side leaflets -3 in. long,
all grooved, slender, articulate below the leaflet. Flowers white, in
axillary or terminal trichotomous cymes, terminal ones often panicu-
late ; peduncles -5 to 1 in. long; bracts ovate-acute or subulate, -1 in.
long ; cymes sparsely scaly ; bracteoles at the base of the calyx minute ;
pedicels ‘1 to -2 in. long, very much enlarged in fruit and then reaching
‘d to ‘7 in. in length and ‘3 in. in diam. at top. Calyx-twbe campanulate,
‘125 in. long; teeth 5, very short, triangular. Corolla-twbe slender, en-
larged above, ‘4 to ‘6 in. long ; lobes 5, ovate-cordate, obtuse, -3 to -4 in.
long, spreading. Stamens included in the corolla-tube ; filaments short;
anthers oblong, mucronate, -15 in. long, connective broad. Ovary
cylindrical, glabrous, 2-celled ; style slender, as long as the corolla-tube ;
stigma clavate. Fruit didymous; carpels ellipsoid, -75 to 1 in. long,
‘5 in. broad; pericarp thin, crustaceous, blackish-brown. Seed nearly
filling the cavity ; testa thin, fragile; cotyledons oblong-obtuse, slightly
auricled at base, -5 to 6 in. long by -265 in. broad, plano-convex.

Penance: Curtis 1227, 2031. Perak: Scortechini 383, 479 ; Ridley
10679 ; King’s Collector 7006, 7009; Curtis 169.

The description is largely after Scortechini MS. The species comes very near J.
lanceolaria, Roxb., but differs in its more slender habit, thinner leaves, and large
ellipsoid carpels.

Ridley’s No. 8325 from Lankawi Island, Kedah, is a twiggy, apparently erect shrub
with trifoliolate leaves, the leaflets all obovate-orbicular emarginate, the end one
reaching 1-7 in. long and 1°3 in. broad, the side ones only about °6 in. long and broad.
The fruits are of one carpel about the size of a small pea, and the flowers are unknown.
It may possibly not be a Jasminum (Herb. Kew).

The following species from Borneo is of interest, and may perhaps
be found later on in the Peninsula :—

JAsSMINUM SARAWACENSE, King & Gamble, n. sp. A climbing shrub; branchlets
pale brown, terete; internodes rather long. Leaves opposite, chartaceous; elliptic-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 265

oblong, long-acuminate at apex, cuneate at base; both surfaces glabrous; margins
recurved ; 4 to 7 in. long, 1°75 to 2°75 in. broad; midrib strong, impressed above,
raised beneath ; main-nerves 4 pairs, the lowest pair near the margin at an angle of
about 30° with the midrib, the remaining pairs at about 50°, curving upwards to meet
in an intramarginal looped nerve, which is also met by secondary nerves above the
fourth pair; reticulations irregular, not prominent; petiole -5 to -75 in. long, twisted
in the middle. Inflorescence of axillary, long-peduncled, trichotomous, pubescent,
corymbose cymes, about 1 in. broad at top, usually 1 pair from each node; peduncle
terete, 2 to 3 in. long, sometimes branched, minutely pubescent; branches very short,
*2 in. long; pedicels clavate, ‘1 to -15 in. long; bracts and bracteoles linear-subulate,
‘25 in. long, one pair of bracteoles to each terminal fascicle of 3 flowers; flowers
white, buds clavate, 1 in. long. Calyx-tube campanulate, -15 in. long; lobes 6,
linear-oblong, applicately infolded at the middle inwards, -15 to -2 in. long, pubescent.
Corolla-tube cylindrical, 1in. long; lobes 6, spreading, oblong, rounded at top, -4 to
‘5 in. long, prominently 3-5-nerved. Stamens 2, inserted at about the middle of the
tube within ; filaments short, decurrent within the tube; anthers linear-oblong, :2 in.
long. Ovary cylindric, truncate and depressed at top, 2-celled; style very slender;
stigma clavate. Fruit not known.
Borneo: near Kuching in Sarawak, Haviland & Hose 3489,

2. Osmantuus, Lour.

Trees or shrubs, glabrous. Leaves opposite, evergreen, entire or
dentate. Flowers small, axillary or terminal, fascicled or in very short
racemes, hermaphrodite or polygamous. Calyx short, 4-toothed or
-lobed. Corolla-twbe short or long; lobes 4, broad, obtuse, imbricate.
Stamens 2, more rarely 4, inserted on the corolla-tube; anthers ovate,
sub-extrorsely dehiscent. Ovary 2-celled, ovules 2 in each cell, pendu-
lous from its apex; style short or cylindric, 2-lobed or sub-entire.
Drupe ovoid or globose ; exocarp fleshy, endocarp bony or crustaceous.
Seeds usually solitary, pendulous; testa thin; albumen fleshy; coty-
ledons flat; radicle short, superior.—Duistris. N.W. Himalaya and
eastwards to China and Japan, also in Western North America; about
8 to 10 species.

OsmAnTHUS ScorTECHINU, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree, reaching
40 to 50 feet in height, and 10 to 15 in. in diam. of stem; branchlets
terete with pale grey, somewhat corky, bark. Leaves coriaceous;
lanceolate, shortly acuminate at apex, cuneate at base; both surfaces
glabrous; margins entire, recurved; 2 to 4 in. long, -75 to 1-25 in. broad ;
midrib thick, impressed above, raised beneath ; main-nerves very obscure,
about 5 to 6 pairs ; petiole broad, -3 to -6 in. long, channelled above and
bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade. lowers in very short,
close, axillary racemes, reaching °5 in. long in fruit, supported by a pair
of ovate, acute, coriaceous bracts ; pedicels slender, ‘05 in. long. Calyx
membranous, ‘06 in. long; lobes 4, slightly serrate. Corolla campanu-
late, tube -05 in. long; lobes ‘I in. long, oblong, obtuse, margins incurved.

266 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Stamens 4, slightly exsert, inserted between the corolla-lobes at the top
of the tube ; filaments slender; anthers small, ovate, cells dehiscing on
the margins or somewhat extrorsely. Ovary conical, glabrous; style
slender, subulate, 04 in. long ; cells 2, ovules in each cell apparently 2.
Drupe globose, *2 to °3 in. in diam.; dark greenish-blue when ripe,
exocarp thin, fleshy, endocarp crustaceous. Seed 1, testa membranous;
albumen fleshy, ruminate; cotyledons oblong, flat, narrow; radicle
superior.

Perak: Scortechim 414—at Thaipeng ; Wray 682; King’s Collector
0029, 6978.

The structure of the wood, so far as the examination of a very small branch goes,
confirms the placing of this plant in the genus Osmanthus.

To this species seems also to belong King’s Collector 3663, which has a bright red
drupe reaching °5 in. in length, slightly ribbed and with a spathulate embryo having
the radicle nearly as long as the cotyledons, each ‘1 in. It may be called Var. oblonga.

3. LINOCIERA, Swartz.

Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite, entire. lowers small, in axillary
or extra-axillary, rarely terminal, panicles or cymes; bracts generally
small, sometimes rather enlarged and leafy; bracteoles very small.
Calyx small, 4-fid or -toothed. Corolla of 4 petals, long or short, nearly
free or cohering by pairs or very shortly connate, induplicate-valvate in
bud. Stamens 2, rarely 4, inserted at the base of the petals and usually
between the two cohering ones; filaments short; anthers elliptic or
oblong, dehiscing on the margin or slightly extrorse ; connective broad,
often apiculate. Ovary 2-celled, ovules 2 in each cell, pendulous from
its apex; style short; stigma bifid or entire. Dyrwpe globose or ellip-
soid ; exocarp fleshy, thin, endocarp bony or crustaceous. Seed usually
solitary, pendulous; testa thin; albumen fleshy or 0, if fleshy the coty-
ledons flattened, radicle superior.—Distris. Tropics of both hemi-
spheres, species about 40. .

Leaves over 4 in. long, main-nerves prominent beneath :—

Panicles 4 to 6 in. long, drupe -75 in. long ate .. L. ZL. pauciflora.
Panicles 2 to 4 in. long, drupe 1:7 in. long a .. 2. I. macrocarpa.
Panicles 1°5 to 2 in. long, drupe not known 6 3. L. paludosa.
Leaves under 4 in. it 34 main-nerves obscure Decent mee
scarcely 1 in. long . ae ae Ba .. 4. L. caudata.

1. Linocipra PAUCIFLORA, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 609
(1882). A small tree, reaching 30 to 40 feet in height and 1-5 to 2 feet in
diam. of stem; branches moderately stout, pale grey, smooth, swollen
at the nodes, internodes slightly angular} branchlets darker coloured,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 267

slender; leaf-buds linear-lanceolate. Leaves coriaceous; elliptic-oblong,
rounded or shortly obtusely acuminate at apex, cuneate at base; glabrous
on both surfaces, but with prominent raised glandular papille; 4 to
9 in. long, 2 to 4 in. broad; midrib stout, slightly impressed above, pro-
minently raised beneath; main-nerves 11 to 13 pairs, fairly prominent
and regular, curving upwards to and along the margin near which they
anastomose ; secondary nerves and reticulations obscure ; petiole -7 to
1:3 in. long, thickened at base. Flowers pale yellow or white, in com-
pound axillary panicles, 4 to 6 in. long; main branches 1 to 2 in. long;
rachis slender, glabrous, somewhat angular; bracts leafy, ovate or
spathulate, ‘5 to 1 in. or sometimes longer; bracteoles ovate-acute, very
small; pedicels slender, ‘05 to 1:5 in. long, much thickened and pale
in fruit even when quite young. Calyx-tube short; teeth 4, ovate-acute,
‘05 in. long. Corolla-lobes in two pairs, oblong, -1 to ‘15 in. long;
slightly hairy within. Stamens -05 in. long; filaments short, broad,
anthers elliptic, emarginate, with a gland on the front of the connective.
Drupe ellipsoid, -75 in. long, -3 to -4 in. broad, blueish-black when ripe ;
exocarp fleshy, endocarp thin, crustaceous. Seed 1, testa pergamaceous ;
albumen none; cotyledons fleshy, -55 in. long; radicle very small,
superior. Olea (?) pauciflora, Wall. Cat. 2812; A.DC. Prod. VIII. 288.
Chionanthus palembanica, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 558; Kurz For.
Fl. Il. 159, and Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 243.

Kepaw: Curtis. PrEnana: Wallich 28124, B; G. King; Curtis
695, 2773 ; King’s Collector 1693 ; Ridley 10178. Prrax: Ridley 7160;
Scortechint 952; King’s Collector 4172, 4834. S1ncarore: Ridley 5079.
—Disrris. Tenasserim, Andamans, Borneo (Haviland 1766).

2. LinoctmRA macRocaRPA, King & Gamble. A small tree;
branchlets pale greyish-brown, stout, lenticellate; innovations ashy-
pubescent. Leaves coriaceous; obovate-oblong or obovate-lanceolate,
obtuse or very shortly and bluntly acuminate at apex, long cuneate
at base; glabrous on both surfaces; margins entire or slightly recurved;
6 to 10 in. long, 2 to 3:5 in. broad; midrib very stout, broad and
plane above, much raised beneath; main-nerves 14 to 17 pairs, pro-
minent beneath, curved only near the margin to meet in a faint looped
intramarginal nerve; secondary nerves and reticulations obscure ;
petiole 1 to 1:5 in. long, enlarged at base. Flowers in ashy-pubescent
panicles, 2 to 4 in. long; bracts leafy, sometimes oblong-lanceolate,
more generally spathulate ; bracteoles linear-subulate, short; pedicels
variable, often 0; rachis and pedicels much enlarged in fruit. Calyx
pubescent; tube short; lobes ovate-acute, -05 in. long. Corolla-tube
very short; lobes oblong-linear, -1 to -15 in. long, margins much
incurved. Stamens -075 in. long; anthers oblong ; filaments very short,

268 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula,

connective produced in a conical acumen. Ovary pubescent; style
short; stigma 2-lobed. Drupe oblong-ellipsoid, 1:7 in. long, 1 to
1:2 in. broad; exocarp thick, granular; endocarp hard, -15 in. thick,
obscurely ridged outside. Seed 1, testa membranous, albumen fleshy.
LL. wmsignis, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 610. Chionanthus
macrocarpa, Blume Mus. Bot. I. 319 (1849); Koord. & Val. Bijdr.
VIII. 239. C. imsignis, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 559 (1862). C. mon-
tanus, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. i. 243, and For. Fl. IT. 159.

SINGAPORE: at Bukit Mandai, Ridley 4580.—Distrin. Tenasserim
(Helfer (K.D.) 3688), Martaban (Kurz), Sumatra (Teysmann, Beccars
826), Borneo (Beccari 725).

3. LinocrERA paLuDosA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small tree (Wray),
large tree, 60 to 80 feet high, and 15 to 20 in. in diam. of stem (King’s
Collector) ; branchlets thick, pale greyish-brown. Leaves coriaceous ;
oblong, bluntly acute at apex, also at base; glabrous on both surfaces
except on the nerves which are minutely pubescent; margins recurved ;
6 to 12 in. long, 2 to 4 in. broad; midrib thick, prominent, slightly
raised above, strongly so beneath main-nerves 11 to 15 pairs, im-
pressed above, prominently raised beneath, -75 to 1 in. apart, at first
straight then curving upwards to and along the margin to anastomose
and form a prominent looped intramarginal nerve; secondary nerves
few ; reticulations transverse, not prominent; petiole stout, wrinkled,
‘Sin. long. Flowers yellow, with a brown centre, in pubescent panicles
1:5 to 2 in. long from the branchlets between the leaf-nodes in the axils
of small tubercles; peduncles stout, grey-pubescent, ‘2 in. long; bracts
ovate, grey-pubescent; bracteoles ovate-acute, recurved; pedicels 0:5
in. long. Calyx-tube short, lobes ovate-acute or triangular, ciliate,
025 in. long, one lobe sometimes enlarged. Corolla-lobes in 2 pairs,
linear-oblong, obtuse, ‘2 in. long, ‘05 in. broad, glabrous. Stamens
‘05 in. long; filaments broad, short; anthers rounded, connective with
an obscure gland. Ovary conical, glabrous; style short; stigmas 2.
Fruit not known.

Perak: at Sungie Larut, Wray 2424; on low wet ground, King’s
Collector 6476.

4, Linocigra caupata, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree, reaching 30
to 40 feet in height and 5 to 7 in. in diam. of stem; branches slender,
pale grey, ultimate branchlets darker. Leaves chartaceous ; lanceolate,
caudate-acuminate at apex, cuneate at base; glabrous on both surfaces ;
margins entire, recurved; 3 to 4 in. long, 1 to 1:25 in. broad; midrib
slender, raised above, scarcely raised beneath; main-nerves very
obscure, about 4 to 5 pairs, curving sharply upwards to meet in an
intramarginal looped nerve; petiole ‘1 to ‘2 in. long, grooved above.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 269

Flowers in axillary or extra-axillary, few-flowered, trichotomous, pani-
culate cymes about 1 in. long; rachis glabrous, somewhat angular ;
bracts and bracteoles small, ovate, acute. Calyx ‘05 in. long, tube
short; lobes 4, ovate, obtuse. Corolla-twbe scarcely any; lobes in 2
pairs, oblong, ‘1 in. long. Stamens: filaments broad; anthers oblong,
cells extrorsely dehiscing; connective apiculate. Ovary glabrous,
conical; style very short; stigma bifid. Drwpe (immature) obovoid,
‘3 to 4 in. long, seed apparently albuminous.

Perak: King’s Collector 3212, 6857, in dense jungle on high moun-
tains at 3,500 to 4,000 feet.

This species is rather near L. monticola, Bl., but the leaves are narrower and the
inflorescence longer.

4, Ouza, Linn.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, entire or toothed. Flowers
small; hermaphrodite, dicecious or polygamous; in axillary, rarely
terminal trichotomous panicles; bracts small. Calyx short, 4-toothed
or -lobed. Corolla-twbe short; lobes 4, induplicate-valvate, sometimes
0. Stamens 2, on the corolla-tube or sub-hypogynous; filaments short ;
anthers ovate or oblong, cells dehiscing on the margin or slightly
extrorse, in g flowers sometimes introrse. Ovary 2-celled ; ovules 2 in
each cell, attached laterally to the septum or sub-pendulous; style
short ; stigma obtuse, capitate or bifid. Drupe ellipsoid or sub-globose ;
exocarp fleshy ; endocarp bony or crustaceous, usually l-seeded. Seed
pendulous; testa thin; albumen fleshy, sometimes slightly ruminate ;
cotyledons flat, radicle superior.—Distris. South Hurope and Asia,
tropical and South Africa, New Zealand ; about 35 species.

Inflorescence more than 3 in. long; leaves oblong lanceolate,

acute, usually over 4 in. in length ai: . 1. O. dentata.
Inflorescence under 3 in. long; leaves elliptic- ages, pens =
under 4 in. in length as $3 5 .. 2. O. maritima.

Species ImperFecTLY Known.

Leaves 8 to 14 in. long; inflorescence extra-axillary on old wood;
‘drupes flattened .. -- 3. O. platycarpa.
Leaves 2 to 3 in. long; “dieeasnee pellane or alot axillary on

young wood ; corolla-lobes linear, ‘1 in. long; drupes not known.. 4. O. ardisioides.

1. OnEA DENTATA, Wall. Cat. 2840 (1829). A tree, 40 to 60 feet high ;
branchlets light brown, smooth, innovations minutely pubescent.
Leaves coriaceous ; oblong-lanceolate, bluntly acute at apex, cuneate or
rounded at base; glabrous on both surfaces, but when young pubescent
on the nerves beneath; margins entire or distantly dentate, slightly
recurved; 3°5 to 5°5 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad; midrib slender, im-

19

270 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

pressed above, raised beneath; main-nerves obscure, 8 to 10 pairs,
arching upwards to join in a looped nerve near the margin, impressed
above; petiole -4 in. long. Flowers in axillary or extra-axillary, leafy,
tri-pinnate, minutely pubescent, paniculate cymes, 3 to 6 in. long,
branches trichotomous, ultimate cymes umbellate; bracts leafy, oblong
or lanceolate, 5 to 1°5 in. long; pedicels slender, ‘05 to ‘1 in. long;
bracteoles minute, ovate-acute. Calyx minutely pubescent, -05 in. long ;
lobes 4, ovate, obtuse. Corolla tubular-campanulate, ‘15 in. long; lobes
4, rounded, ‘05 in. long. Stamens very small, inserted at the base of
the corolla-tube; filaments very short; anthers ovoid, sub-extrorsely
dehiscent. Ovary ovoid; style none; stigma capitate ; cells 2, ovules 2
in each cell. Drwpe not seen. A.DC. Prod. VIII. 286; Kurz in Journ.
As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. 1. 245, and For. Fl. II. 157; Clarke in Hook. f.
BL Bex ind Tito:

Penane: Curtis 222, 950, 2267.—Distris. Burma.

2. OLEA MARITIMA, Wall. Cat. 2813 (1829). A large shrub or small
tree; branchlets terete, pale brown; innovations minutely pubescent.
Leaves coriaceous; elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate at apex, cuneate or
somewhat rounded at base; glabrous on both surfaces ; margins entire
or distantly serrate on their upper half; 3 to 4 in. long, 1 to 2 in.
broad ; midrib slender, impressed above, raised beneath ; main-nerves
obscure, 7 to 10 pairs, meeting near the margin in a looped intramarginal
nerve; reticulations scanty; petiole -2 to °3 in. long, minutely pubescent
when young, finally glabrous. Flowers dull white, polygamous, in
slender, minutely pubescent, trichotomous paniculate cymes with few
branches ; ultimate cymes umbellate, usually 75 to 1 in. long in flower,
up to 1:5 in. long in fruit, rarely axillary, usually extra-axillary; each
pair of peduncles supported by a pair of ovate lanceolate leafy bracts
°3 to ‘5 in. long; common peduncles 7 in. long; pedicels ‘05 to -1 in.
long, bracteoles none. Calyx ‘05 in. long, minutely rusty-pubescent ;
tube short ; lobes 4, ovate-acute, as long as tube. Corolla campanulate,
‘1 to ‘15 in. long; lobes 4, obtuse, as long as tube, induplicate-valvate,
apparently absent in ?. Stamens ‘07 in. long, inserted near the
base of the corolla-tube ; filaments slender ; anthers as long as filaments,
reniform, cells sub-extrorsely dehiscing. Ovary conical; style none ;
stigma capitate; cells 2, ovules in each cell pendulous. Drupe
globose, *2 in. in diam., black when ripe, wrinkled when dry;
exocarp thin, fleshy, endocarp crustaceous. Seed 1, testa very thin,
albumen copious; cotyledons elliptic, nearly -1 in. long; radicle some-
what thick. G. Don Gen. Syst. IV. 49; A.DC. Prod. VIII. 288;
288; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 612; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT.
547.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 271

Manacoa: Griffith (K.D.) 3679; Maingay (K.D.) 1022; Cuming
2318; Ridley 3284, 10731. Panana: a common bush on the sandy
heaths, Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. 2. III. 319. Sryaapore:
Wallich 2813; Walker 188; Fudley 3616a, 8420; King’s Collector
1138; Murton 62.—Distriz. Malay Islands.

Species ImpERFECTLY Known.

3. OLEA PLATYCARPA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small tree with
spreading branches, reaching 25 to 30 feet in height; branchlets
stout, pale brown, smooth, marked by the prominent horse-shoe-
shaped scars of fallen leaves. Leaves coriaceous; obovate - oblong
or oblong-lanceolate, abruptly acuminate at apex, cuneate at base;
glabrous on both surfaces and with scattered glands; margins entire,
slightly recurved; 8 to 14 in. long, 3 to 5 in. broad; midrib very
stout and prominent; main-nerves 14 to 16 pairs, curving upwards to
join in a looped intramarginal nerve close to the margin; secondary
nerves few; reticulations irregular, obscure; petiole 1 in. long, base
enlarged, wrinkled. Flowers dicecious, in extra-axillary, sessile,
paniculate, trichotomous cymes, usually on old wood, 1 to 1:5 in.
long, supported by a cluster of sheathing scarious bracts; bracts of
panicle branches and bracteoles ovate-acute ; pedicels very short, stout,
somewhat angular. Calyx short, ‘05 in. long; teeth (in 9 flowers)
ovate, obtuse, ciliate. Corolla nonein 9, g not seen. Ovary conical,
rugose; style 0; stigma 2-lobed, mitriform. Drupe ovate-oblong,
flattened, ‘7 in. long, ‘5 in. broad; exocarp thick, wrinkled when dry ;
endocarp thick, granular; cells 2. Seed 1, pendulous from the summit
of the thin central persistent septum; testa membranous; albumen
thick, fleshy; cotyledons ovoid, -15 in. long, radicle rather stout.

Perak: at low levels on the hills, King’s Collector 5541, 7649;
Hervey.

The absence of male flowers renders the identification of the genus of this plant
somewhat uncertain, but we consider it belongs rightly to Olea.

4, OLEA ARDISIOIDES, King & Gamble,n.sp. A small tree; branches
slender, terete, with yellowish bark; branchlets minutely pubescent.
Leaves coriaceous ; lanceolate, long acuminate at apex, cuneate at base ;
glabrous on both surfaces; margins entire, recurved; 2 to 3 in. long,
*6 to ‘1 in. broad; midrib slender, impressed above, raised beneath ;
main-nerves 5 pairs, curving upwards to meet in a looped intramarginal
nerve, obscure; secondary nerves and reticulations very obscure ;
petiole slender, -1 to -2 in. long. Flowers in axillary or extra-axillary

272 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

slender paniculate cymes, 1 to 2 in. long; rachis somewhat angular,
minutely pubescent; bracts leafy, lanceolate, -5 to 1 in. long ; bracteoles
similar or sometimes subulate-spathulate; pedicels slender, ‘1 in. long,
reflexed. Calyx-twbe very short; lobes 4, ovate-acute, 025 in. long,
ciliate. Corolla-tube ‘03 to 05 in. long; lobes 4, induplicate-valvate,
linear, ‘1 in. long. Stamens 2, inserted at the base of the corolla-tube,
‘05 in. long; filaments slender; anthers elliptic, cells dehiscing
laterally, connective mucronate. Ovary conical; style 0; stigma minute,
bifid; cells 2. Fruct not seen.

PERAK: on Gunong Bubu, 5,000 feet, Wray 3871. Panane : Barnes
10896.

We have hesitated whether to describe this species as Olea or Linociera, for the
corolla-tube is not very long, and the lobes are like those of the latter genus, but the
character of the leaves is distinctly that of Olea.

5. Myxopyrum, Blume.

Large scandent shrubs with quadrangular branches. Leaves oppo-
site, large, triplinerved, entire or denticulate. Flowers small, yellow,
very numerous, in axillary and terminal trichotomous panicles. Calyz-
tube short, lobes 4. Corolla fleshy ; tube urceolate; lobes 4, concave,
induplicate-valvate in bud. Stamens 2, inserted on the base of the
corolla-tube; filaments very short; anthers rather large, ovate, cells
dehiscing laterally. Ovary 2-celled; style very short or 0, stigma
2-lobed; ovules 1 to 2 in each cell, attached near the base at the inner
angle. Fruit a 1-2-seeded sub-globose berry; pericarp crustaceous.
Seeds 1 to 4, erect, testa membranous, albumen thick; cotyledons
flat, ovate, radicle inferior.—Distris. India and Malaya, 3 species.

Myxopyrum NERVosuM, Blume Bijdr. 683 (1826). A large climbing
shrub; branches with fibrous pale brown bark ; branchlets prominently °
quadrangular. Leaves coriaceous ; elliptic or elliptic-oblong or elliptic-
lanceolate, acuminate at apex, cuneate or rounded at base; glabrous on
both surfaces; margins entire or denticulate in the upper half, promi-
nently recurved ; 4 to 7 in. long, 1:5 to 3°5 in. broad; midrib thick, pro-
minent beneath, impressed above; main-nerves 4 to 6 pairs, the lowest
pair opposite, very prominent, starting a little above the base and form-
ing an intramarginal nerve looped only after where it meets the rest at
about two-thirds of the way up, the next pair not opposite and only
starting from about half the length of the leaf; secondary nerves few,
reticulations irregular, prominent in dry specimens; petiole ‘3 to -5 in.
long, often twisted, channelled above, articulate at the base. Flowers
sessile, in terminal or axillary or extra-axillary, trichotomous, minutely

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 273

pubescent panicles, 1:5 to 3 in. long; rachis angular, swollen at the
nodes; bracts subulate, recurved, -1 in. long; bracteoles triangular,
minute. Calyx-tube very short; lobes 4, triangular, acuminate.
Corolla yellowish- or greenish- white, fleshy; tube urceolate, ‘05
to ‘1 in. long; lobes oblong, incurved, -05 in. long, induplicate-
valvate in bud. Stamens 2, inserted on the tube of the corolla; fila-
ments very short, broad; anthers ovate, rather large. Ovary ovoid;
style 0; stigma 2-lobed; cells 2, ovules 2 in each cell, erect from a
minute basal central placenta. Berry ovoid or globose, ‘5 to ‘7 in. in
diam., rough, surmounted by the persistent stigma, blueish-black when
ripe; cells 2. Seeds 2 to 4, erect on an enlarged placenta at the base
of the central dissepiment; albumen fleshy, testa membranous. Mus.
Bot. Lugd. Bat. I. 320, t. 51; A.DC. Prod. VIII. 290; Mig. Fl. Ind.
Bat. II. 549; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 618.

PENANG : Curtis 2849. Prax: Wray 2139, 2834, 4179; Scortechine
532, 598b; King’s Collector 3584, 4544, 7392, 8845. Manacca: Main-
gay (K.D.) 996/3—Disrrre. Sumatra (Forbes 1585, in the Lam-
pongs) ; Java.

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JOURNAL

OF THE

more PTC SOCIETY OF BENGAL.

Vou. LXXIV., Part IJ.—Extra Number, 1905.

Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.—By Srr Grorce
Kine, K.C.LE., LL.D., F.R.S., late Superintendent of the Royal
Botanic Garden, Calcutta, and J. Sykes GampBuz, C.1.E., F.R.S.,
late of the Indian Forest Department.

No. 18.

This part contains nine Natural Orders, viz., Nos. 79 Hydrophyllacee
to 85 Lentibulariacee inclusive, as well as Nos. 87 Bignoniacee and 88
Pedalineg. The whole part is the work of Lieut.-Col. D. Prain, I.M.S.,
F.R.S., Superintendent of the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta, with the
exception of Boragine@, which has been done by Sir George King,
and Hydrophyllacee and Bignoniacee, which haye been done by
Mr. Gamble.

The nine Orders dealt with contain 53 genera and 150 species: of
the species none are here described for the first time.

Natural Order No. 86 Gesneracee will follow later on with the
three Orders, 75 Apocynacee, 76 Asclepiadacee, and 77 Loganiacee,
_ the preparation of which is not yet quite complete.

Order LXXIX. HYDROPHYLLACEZ.

Annual or perennial herbaceous plants. Leaves radical or alternate,
rarely opposite, entire or dentate, simple or pinnately or palmately
lobed. Flowers usually unilaterally sub-sessile on the branches of a
bifid or dichotomous scorpioid cyme, or else pedunculate in the axils
or on the summits of the branches; regular, hermaphrodite. Calyx

20

276 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

inferior, with 5 or occasionally many equal imbricate lobes. Corolla
gamopetalous, funnel-shaped cup-shaped campanulate or rotate ;
lobes 5, rarely many, imbricate or sometimes twisted. Stamens as
many as the corolla-lobes, alternate with them, usually fixed to the
base of the tube, exsert or included; filaments filiform, sometimes
dilated or appendiculate at base; anthers ovate, oblong or linear, dorsi-
fixed; cells 2, parallel, dehiscing introrsely with longitudinal clefts.
Ovary superior, sometimes unilocular, with 2 free or parietal placentas,
sometimes more or less completely 2-celled with fleshy placentas adnate
to the septum ; styles either 1 filiform bifid or undivided, or 2 distinct
from the base ; stigmas terminal, small or capitate; ovules 2 to many
in each cell. Capsule loculicidally, sometimes septicidally, bi-valved,
the placentas if parietal attached to the valves, if central remaining free.
Seeds usually oblong, globose or angular, 2 to many on each placenta ;
testa reticulate or wrinkled, rarely smooth; albumen fleshy, embryo
small, erect ; cotyledons plano-convex or semi-terete.—Distris. About
150 species, chiefly American, very few in the Old World.

Hyprouea, Linn.

Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves entire, alternate. Flowers blue, in
short terminal cymes or racemes. Calyx divided nearly to the base,
segments lanceolate. Corolla widely campanulate, sub-rotate, lobes
imbricate. Stamens 5, attached to the corolla-tube ; filaments filiform,
sometimes dilated at base; anthers sagittate. Ovary completely
2-celled, with fleshy placentas adnate to the dissepiment; styles 2,
rarely 3, distinct, filiform; stigmas capitellate; ovules many in each
cell, multi-seriate. Capsule globose or ovoid, septicidal, usually 2-,
rarely 3- or 4-valved. Seeds minute, irregularly wrinkled.—Distrip.
About 14 species, chiefly American, with cone Chinese, one of tropical
Africa, and one of India and Malaya.

Hyprouga zEYLANICA, Vahl Symb. II. 46 (1791). An annual herb ;
stems nearly glabrous below, glandular pubescent above, soft, somewhat
succulent, often rooting, always straggling. Zeaves membranous ;
lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, attenuate above and below; °5 to 2 in.
long, ‘2 to ‘5 in. broad; glabrous or slightly pubescent; petiole none or
very short and winged by the decurrent blade. Flowers in racemes on
short lateral leafy branches. Calyx-lobes acute, glandular-pubescent,
3-nerved, about ‘3 in. long. Corolla-lobes ovate, *2 in. long, many-nerved,
blue. Stamens with sagittate, often twisted anthers, and filaments dilated
at base. Capsule shorter than the calyx-lobes, ovoid, 2-lobed; placentas
central, adherent at their backs to the dissepiment. Seeds very many,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 277

oblong, obtuse, testa very faintly wrinkled. Lamk Ill. t. 184; Wall.
Cat. 43898; W. & A. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. II. 193, t. 26; Wight
Til. t. 167, and Ic. t. 601; Choisy in DC. Prod. X. 180; Dalz. & Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 170; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 633; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br.
Ind, TV. 133; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 191. Cooke Bomb. Fl. II. 197;
Prain Beng. Plants 711. HA. javanica, Blume Bijdr. 725. Nama
geylanica, Linn. Sp. Pl. 226; Roxb. Fl. Ind. Il. 73. ‘Tsjeru Vallel,”’
Rheede Hort. Mal. X. t. 28.

Perak: Wray 2571, 3336; Scortechim; Ridley 2906; King’s Col-
lector 391, 2577.—Distris. Throughout India, Ceylon, Burma, Siam,
Java, Malaya, China, the Philippines; also in Australia, tropical Africa

. and America, in wet places and rice-fields.

Order LXXX. BORAGINEA.

Herbs, shrubs, or trees, often conspicuously hispid or scabrous.
Leaves alternate, very rarely opposite, ex-stipulate, usually entire,
rarely in verticils. lowers usually in scorpioid dichotomous cymes,
sometimes trichotomously paniculate, rarely solitary and axillary,
bracteate or not, hermaphrodite. Calyx inferior, 5-lobed (rarely 6- to
8-lobed), the lobes imbricate, rarely valvate, usually persistent in fruit.
Corolla gamopetalous, of various forms, often with scales in the throat ;
the limb 5-lobed (rarely 4- to 6-lobed), the lobes imbricate, rarely
twisted. Stamens as many as the lobes and alternate with them,
inserted on the tube; anthers ovate to linear, introrse; filaments
slender, often dilated at the base. Disk under the ovary or obsolete.
Ovary superior, sessile, cells 2 with 2 ovules in each, or 4 with 1 ovule
in each ;, style terminal or from the depression between the lobes of the
ovary, long or short; stigma entire and capitate or 2-lobed, the style
rarely twice bifid; ovules sub-erect from the basal angle of the cell.
Fruit drupaceous with a hard 2- to 4-celled endocarp or dividing into
2 or 4 nutlets with thin or fleshy walls. Seeds erect or oblique, with
membranous testa and fleshy albumen or ex-albuminous; embryo
curved or straight, radicle superior—Duistris. Universal. Species
about 1,500.

Styles twice partite; drupe 4-l-seeded; trees or shrubs; calyx
enlarging in fruit .. : oc os :
Styles simple or only bi-partite; rarely (Coldenia) 2 or more and
distinct ; drupe including two 2-seeded or four 1-seeded pyrenes;
calyx only slightly or not at all enlarged in fruit :-—
Styles depressed-conical at the apex or with a horizontal ring
below or at the stigmas :—

1. Corpra.

278 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Styles short, shortly 2-lobed; pyrenes two 2-seeded; herbs

or shrubs ae 2. ToURNEFORTIA.
Styles elongated, dilated ae he apex ; _ aynenes four 1- en
much resembling nutlets; herbs an 3. HELIOTROPIUM.

Styles elongated, not dilated or annular at the ine more or

less bi-partite :—
Styles 2-fid at the apex; pyrenes two 2-seeded, or four
1-seeded ; trees or shrubs .. A Sas .. 4, HHRETIA.
Styles more or less separate, distinct at base and apex,
united but easily separable in the middle; pyrenes four :
1-seeded, much resembling nutlets ; prostrate herbs .. 9. COLDENIA.

1. Corp1a, Linn.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, rarely sub-opposite, petiolate.
Flowers in dichotomous cymes with scorpioid branches, or corymbose
or in clusters, ebracteate, polygamous, the ¢ fewer than the g. Calyx
tubular or campanulate, usually with short and often irregular teeth,
accrescent in fruit. Corolla funnel- or salver-shaped or campanulate ;
the lobes of the limb 4 to 8, spreading or recurved, white or orange.
Stamens as many as the lobes; anthers sagittate or hastate, shortly
exserted; filaments often hairy near the base. Ovary 4-celled, gla-
brous; style terminal, long, bi-partite, the branches again bifid, linear
or sub-spathulate, cells of ovary l-ovuled. rwit ovoid or ellipsoid,
surrounded by the enlarged calyx; the putamen bony, with 1 to 4 cells,
but one only with a fertile seed. Seed exalbuminous, the cotyledons
large and fleshy or thin but always plicate.—Distris. About 280
species, all tropical.

Flowers about 1°5 in. long Br a 56 .. 1. C. subcordata.
Flowers less than ‘5 in. long :-—
Leaves broadly ovate, sub-acute or obtuse, the base often cordate 2. C. Myza.
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, the base cuneate .. 3. C. Griffithit.

1. Corpia suBcorpData, Lamk Ill. 1899 (1792). A small tree ; young
branches as thick as a goose-quill, glabrous, pale brown when dry.
Leaves membranous ; broadly ovate or ovate-rotund, the apex acute, the
base broadly rounded or sub-cordate; both surfaces brown when dry,
the lower paler, harshly and minutely reticulate; main-nerves 4 or 5
pairs, faint on both surfaces when dry; length 3-5 to 6°5 in., breadth
2°5 to 4 in.; petiole 1:25 to 2 in. Corymbs lateral, few-flowered,
shorter than the leaves, glaberulous; pedicels -25 in. long. Calyx
cylindric, slightly widening towards the mouth, 4 in. long and nearly
‘2 in. wide at the middle, glabrous; the limb with 3 broad triangular
teeth. Corolla about 1:3 in. long, orange or reddish, funnel-shaped ;
lobes about 6, broad, spreading, as long as the tube. Stamens 6.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 279

Stigma with linear-spathulate branches. Frwit very bony, pyramidal,
its apex acute, with 4 bold angles, the spaces between the angles often
with large tubercles, 1 in. long and as much in breadth from angle to
angle, usually with 1 or more seeds; entirely enveloped in the much-
inflated glabrous accrescent apiculate calyx. Wall. Cat. 9063; DC.
Prod. IX. 477; Seem. Fl. Viti, t. 34; Benth. Fl. Austral. IV. 385;
Kurz For. Fl. Burm. II. 209 ; Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 140;
Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 914. C. orientalis, BR. Br. Prod. 498. C. cam-
panulata, Roxb. Fl. Ind., ed. Carey & Wall. II. 336. C. Rumphii,
Blume Bijdr. 843. C. hexandra, Roem. & Schult. Syst. IV. 799.
Rumph. Herb. Amb. II. t. 75.

PERAK: Scortechini 1084. Drinpines: Curtis 3447. Kepan: Ridley
0026. Panane: Ridley 2158.—Disrriz. British India, Malay Archi-
pelago, Australia, Sandwich Islands. Widely cultivated in other places.

2. Corpia Myxa, Linn. Sp. Pl. 190 (1753). A tree, 40 to 50 feet
high; young branches thinner than a goose-quill, glabrous. Leaves thinly
coriaceous ; broadly ovate, apex sub-acute or obtuse, the base slightly
cordate ; upper surface when dry dark brown, glabrous, faintly reticu-
late ; the lower paler brown, distinctly and minutely reticulate, the
transverse veins very prominent, glabrous except for some pubescence
on the midrib and 5 or 6 pairs of curved ascending main-nerves ; length
3 to 3°75 in., breadth 2 to 2-75 in.; petioles -75 to 1:25 in. Cymes
trichotomous, shorter than the leaves, terminal. Male and female
flowers often in the same tree, mostly 5-merous. Calyx campanulate,
more than -25 in. long, glabrous, smooth outside, silky inside. Corolla
with its tube included in the calyx, the lobes projecting and -15 in.
long, reflexed; style in the ¢? flowers short, 4-cleft, absent in the
g. Frwit ellipsoid, with acute apex and rounded base, compressed,
with 3 or 4 angles (one or more of them indistinct), ‘75 in. long and
‘4 in. broad, 2- or more-seeded; the persistent accrescent calyx
leathery with strong vertical reticulations, widely campanulate, its
mouth with shallow irregular crenations, length -25 in., width -4 to
‘din. DC. Prod. IX. 479; Delile Fl. Agypt. t. 19, fig. 1; Roxb. FI.
_ Ind., ed. Carey & Wall., IJ. 232; Wall. Cat. 889; Wight Ill. t. 169;
Benth. Fl. Austral. IV. 386; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 245, fig. A; Brandis
For. Fl. 336 (in part); Kurz For. Fl. Burm. IT. 208; Boiss. Fl. Or. IV.
124; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 915; Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IV.
136; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 193 ; Cooke Fl. Bomb. 11.199; Prain Beng.
Plants 714. C. Myza, var. b. minor only, Thw. Enum. Pl. Zeyl. 214.
C. indica, Lamk Dict. VII. 49; DC. Prod. IX. 500. C. officinalis and
C. africana, Lamk Ill. IL. 420, and t. 96, fig. 3. C. Sesbestena, Forsk.
Fl. Aeg.-Arab. LXIII. C. paniculata, Roth Nov. Spec. 124; DC. Prod.

280 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

IX. 482. Sebestena officinalis, Gaertn. Fruct. I. 364, t. 76. Hhretia
glabra, Roth Nov. Spec. 127; DC. Prod. TX. 510. Beurreria glabra,
G. Don Gen. Syst. 390. ,

Matacca and SInGaPorE : probably introduced.—Distris. Tropics
of the Old World. |

3. CoRDIA GRIFFITHII, Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 139 (1883).
A small tree ; young branches about as thick as a crow-quill, puberulous,
pale and angled when dry. Leaves thinly coriaceous; ovate-lanceolate,
acute or acuminate, the base slightly cuneate; both surfaces brown
when dry (the lower the paler), minutely reticulate, glabrous; main-
nerves 3 or 4 pairs, curved, ascending; length 1°5 to 3-5 in., breadth
1 to 1°75 in.; petioles -65 to 1:25 in. Cymes slender, 2°5 to 4 in. long
(including their peduncles), dichotomous, lax, few-flowered, puberu-
lous. Flowers -4 in. long, almost sessile. Calyx 25 in. long, funnel-
shaped ; the mouth wide, oblique, and with 5 irregular short teeth.
Corolla funnel-shaped, much longer than the calyx; the limb longer
than the tube, deeply divided into 5 narrowly elliptic reflexed lobes.
Stamens 5, attached to the throat of the tube; anthers oblong, ex-
serted ; filaments unequal in length, flattened below. Ovary obovoid,
smooth, 4-celled, ovules solitary in each cell; style thin and cylindric
above, swollen in its lower half, exserted.

Mauacca : Griffith (K.D.) 5997 ; Maingay (K.D.) 1162; Radley 4561.
Sevancor: Lidley 7373. Kepau: King’s Collector 1742.

2. ToURNEFORTIA, Linn.

Trees or shrubs, sometimes almost herbs, and often sub-scandent.
Leaves alternate, entire. Cymes scorpioid, dichotomous, usually ter-
minal, rarely lateral or extra-axillary. lowers small, numerous,
crowded, sessile or on short pedicels, ebracteate. Calyx deeply 4- or
d-partite, the segments ovate or lanceolate. Corolla white or greenish;
the tube cylindric, naked in the throat; the lobes of the limb 5 or 4,
small, spreading. Stamens 5 or 4, included in the tube; anthers
oblong-ovate or lanceolate, apiculate or not; filaments short. Ovary
4-celled ; style terminal, short, 2-lobed (in the Indo-Malayan species) ;
ovules 1 in each cell, pendulous from the upper inner part of the cell.
Drupe small, ovoid, ‘slightly fleshy or leathery, indistinctly separating
into two 2-seeded or into four 1-seeded pyrenes. Seeds straight or
curved, pendulous, albuminous; embryo straight or curved.—DistTRIB.
About 130 species, in the tropics of both hemispheres. |

TouRNEFORTIA Watuicui, DC. Prod. IX. 527 (1845). A climber, 10
to 30 feet long ; young branches terete, twice as thick as a crow’s-quill,
minutely rusty-puberulous, becoming glabrous. Leaves thickly mem-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 281

branous ; ovate, the apex acute or shortly acuminate, the base rounded,
slightly oblique; both surfaces when dry brown, the upper quite
glabrous, the lower paler, reticulate, sometimes with a few small hairs
on the nerves; main-nerves 4 or 5 pairs, curved, ascending, depressed
like the midrib on the upper surface, prominent on the lower; length
2 to 3°5 in., breadth :75 to 1-75 in.; petioles -3 to 4 in. Cymes ter-
minal and lateral (extra-axillary), on long peduncles, dichotomously
branched, sub-glabrous. Flowers -3 to 4 in. long, sessile, forming
crowded one-sided pseudo-spikes (scorpioid cymes) on the terminal
inch or two of the branches of the cymes. Calyx about -05 in. long,
only about a sixth or a seventh as long as the corolla, cleft nearly to the
base into 4 broadly triangular acute spreading segments. Corolla-tube
4-angled ; the limb short, with 4 ovate teeth, glabrous. Anthers 4,
oblong, sessile or nearly so, near the throat. Fruit broadly ovoid,
‘15 to -2 in. long, with 4 vertical grooves (2 of them deep) on the sides,
and a depression on the apex. Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 147.
T. tetrandra, Wall. Cat. 911 (not of Blame). Tetrandra Wallichi, Miq.
Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 928.

SINGAPORE: Maingay (K.D.) 1165, 8041; King’s Collector 302.
Perak: Wray 3536; Ridley 2431; King’s Collector 3335, 5158
Scortechint 1494.—Duistris. Java, Sumatra.

3. Hetiotrorium, Linn.

Annual or perennial herbs, very hairy or scabrous. Leaves alter-
nate. Flowers small, white, or pale purple, sometimes in terminal
dichotomous cymes with scorpioid branches and small or no bracts,
sometimes axillary in the axils of large bracts. Calyx divided into
5 linear or lanceolate segments. Corolla with a cylindric tube and limb
of various shapes, the lobes of the latter always imbricate or induplicate
in bud, spreading in flower. Stamens 5, included, inserted on the tube
by short filaments; anthers ovate-oblong or lanceolate. Ovary com-
pletely or imperfectly 4-celled, 4-ovulate; style short or long, terminal,
with a depressed conical or flat disk on its apex ; stigma above the disk,
none or short or elongate, entire or rarely bifid. Fruit dry, 2- to
4-srooved or -lobed, and consisting of 4 nutlets free from the beginning
or finally becoming so. Seeds straight or curved; albumen none, small
or large; cotyledons plano-convex.—Distris. Species about 225,

widely distributed in both hemispheres.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate, 1-5 to 2°5 in. long.. sc .. 1. H. indicum.
Leaves linear, ‘5 to lin. long .. os os .. 2. H. strigosum-

1. HELiorropium inpicum, Linn. Sp. Pl. 130 (1753). Herbaceous,

282 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

but woody at the base, a foot or two in height, with few branches ;
the branches, lower parts of the inflorescence, and the petioles with
white stiff hairs. Leaves membranous, greenish-brown when dry ;
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, slightly inequilateral, the apex usually acute,
the base rounded, irregularly cordate, often unequally so; both surfaces
with some scattered long white hairs; the lower surface pale and
faintly reticulate when dry; main-nerves 6 to 8 pairs, rather straight,
ascending, slightly prominent on the lower surface; length 1:5 to
2°5in., breadth -75 to 2 in.; petioles -4 to 15 in. Cymes scorpioid,
terminal and lateral (extra-axillary), about 2 in. long (lengthening with
age to 5 or 6 in.), on peduncles about 1 in. long; the rachises hispid,
compressed when dry. Flowers about ‘15 in. long, sessile, numerous.
Calyx about :05 in. long, deeply divided into 5 narrowly lanceolate
sub-erect hispid segments. Corolla tubular, slightly dilated at the base;
the limb with 5 broad blunt reflexed lobes; anthers 5, included,
inserted about the middle of the tube. Frwit -1 in. long, conical, with
an apical beak and with 4 bold vertical ridges and 4 faint ones, glabrous
naturally separating into 2 halves, each half consisting of 2 cohering
pyriform pyrenes with long beaks and a single large sub-quadrate
white seed. Roxb. Fl. Ind. I. 454; Bot. Mag. t. 1837; Clarke in Hook.
fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 152; Trimen FI. Ceyl. III. 200; Cooke Fl. Bomb.
Il. 207; Prain Beng. Plants 716. H. anisophyllum, Beauv. Fl. Ow. et
Ben. II. 62, +t. 96. Traridiwm mdicum, Lehm. Asperifol. 14; Wall. Cat.
913; Wight Ill. t. 171. 7. antsophyllwm, G. Don Gen. Syst. IV. 364.
Heliophyllum wmdicum, DC. Prod. IX. 556; Fresen. in Mart. Fl. Brasil,
fasc. 22, 48, t. 10, fig. 4; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 925. 4. velutimwm, DC.
le. 557.

SmnGAPoRE: King’s Collector 318; Hullett 21. Panane: Ridley
1547. Penane: Deschamps. PERAK: Scortechint 163.—Distris. India,
Malaya, E. Asia, tropical Africa and America.

2. HELIOTROPIUM sTRIGOSUM, Willd. Sp. Pl. I. 743 (1797). Herbace-
ous, woody at the base, erect, a foot high, the branches few, slender,
long, not spreading, very strigose, like all the rest of the plant. Leaves
linear, ‘5 to 1 in. long, very narrow, becoming smaller upwards.
Flowers under 1 in. long; their pedicels longer, sub-opposite to a linear
bract or often extra-axillary. Sepals ovate-acute, enlarging in fruit.
Corolla salver-shaped; stigma narrowly conical. rwt depressed,
4-lobed, under -1 in. broad, glabrous and shining, sometimes with a few
small hairs. DC. Prod. IX. 546; Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IV.
151; Boiss. Fl. Orient. IV. 143; Prain Beng. Plants 716. H. brevi-
folium, Wall. Cat. 914 ; Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind., ed. Carey & Wall. II. 2;
DC. l.c. 546. H compactwm, Don Prod. 101.

— “-

Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula. 283

In all the provinces, by waysides, not common.—Distris. From
W. Asia through India to Australia.

4. EurRetia, Linn.

Glabrous or scabrous shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, entire or
dentate. Flowers small, usually white, in axillary or terminal corymbs
or panicles, rarely on 1-flowered axillary peduncles. Calyx small,
5-partite. Corolla with short cylindric tube; the limb with 5 obtuse
imbricate spreading lobes. Stamens 5, mserted on the tube, exserted,
rarely included, ovate or oblong. Ovary 2-celled, the cells bi-ovulate ;
sometimes imperfectly 4-celled and the cells with solitary ovules; style
terminal, cylindric, bifid or bi-partite; stigmas small, capitate or
clavate. Drwpe small, usually globose, 4-seeded or (by suppression)
1—3-seeded ; usually dividing into 2 bilocular or into 4 unilocular,
often compressed pyrenes. Seeds straight, with little albumen and thin
testa.—Distris. About 455 species, all tropical, chiefly in the Old
World.

Leaves ovate to elliptic-oblong, shortly acuminate, with about 5 pairs

of main-neryes ee Se ee fe =. Lt. Br. levis.
Leaves obovate or obovate-elliptic, obtuse retuse or sub-acute, with
7 or S pairs of main-nerves Ss a oe .. 2. E. parallela.

1. EnRETIA La&vis, Roxb. Cor. Pl. I. 42, t. 55; var. timorensis,
Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 142 (1883). A small tree; young
branches rusty-puberulous, becoming ultimately glabrous, dark coloured
when dry. Leaves thinly coriaceous; ovate to elliptic-oblong, shortly
acuminate, the base slightly cuneate or sometimes rounded ; both sur-
faces glabrous, brown when dry, the lower paler and reticulate ; main-
nerves about 5 pairs, rather straight, ascending slightly, thin but
prominent on the lower surface like the midrib; length 2°5 to 5 in.,
breadth 1:25 to 2:25 in.; petioles about -4in. Cymes axillary and ter-
minal, shorter than the leaves, corymbose, puberulous ; the ultimate
branches scorpioid. Flowers small, numerous, sessile. Calyx less

_ than -1 in. long, its mouth with 5 oblong lobes. Corolla-twbe ‘1 in.

long; the lobes 5, shorter and spreading. <Amnthers exserted. Fruit
when 4-seeded about 2 in. in diam., smaller when 2-seeded, depressed-
globose, ribbed ; pyrenes 4 or 2, sometimes only 1, each with a single
seed ; the persistent calyx much shorter than the fruit, its lobes acumi-
nate. H. timorensis, Dene. in Nouv. Ann. Mus. d’Hist. Nat. IIT. 395;
DC. Prod. TX. 505. H. philippinensis, DC. 1.c. 504. H. levis, Benth.
Fl. Austral. IV. 389.

Mauacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1164; Ridley 3302. Prrax: Scortechini

284 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

167, 898 ; King’s Collector 7436, 8344.—Distris. Burma, Griffith (K.D.)
6002, Malay Archipelago, Australia.

9. HHRETIA PARALLELA, Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 143
(1883). A shrub, all parts except the inflorescence glabrous; young
branches thinner than a goose-quill, pale when dry. Leaves membranous;
obovate or obovate-elliptic, obtuse, from retuse to sub-acute, cuneate at
the base; both surfaces dark brown when dry; main-nerves 7 or 8
pairs, scarcely curved, ascending, parallel, very bold and distinct on the
lower surface like the midrib (when dry), faint on the upper; length
15 to 1:75 in., breadth -75 to 1 in.; petiole -25 in. Inflorescence,
flowers, and fruit as in H#. levis, Roxb., var. timorensis, but smaller.

Penance: Curtis 1572.—Disrris. Burma, Griffith (K.D.) 6004.

5. Contpenta, Linn.

Much-branched, diffuse or prostrate scabrous herbs. Leaves alter-
nate, crisped. Flowers small, axillary, sessile or sub-sessile; the upper
sometimes in a short one-sided bracteate cyme. Calyx 4-5-partite.
Corolla with short funnel-shaped tube and 4 or 5 spreading segments
imbricate in bud. Stamens 4 or 5, inserted on the tube ; anthers ovate.
Ovary broadly ovoid, 2-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell, or imperfectly
4-celled with 1 in each ; styles 2, distinct at the base but united upwards
(although easily separable); stigmas 2, capitate. Frut almost dry,
composed of 4 sub-connate 1-seeded pyrenes ; seeds with thin testa and
little if any albumen; the cotyledons plane.—Drsrrip. Species 12,
10 of which are American, 1 African, and the undernoted which is
cosmopolitan.

CoLDENIA PROCUMBENS, Linn. Sp. Pl. 125 (1753). A seabrous-hairy
prostrate herb. Leaves elliptic-obovate, coarsely and deeply serrate,
almost pinnatifid. Fruit, prior to disintegration into its component
pyrenes, pyramidal. Gaertn. Fruct. I. 329, t. 68; Lamk IIL. t. 69;
Roxb. Fl. Ind. I. 448; Wall. Cat. 942; DC. Prod. IX. 558; Miq. Fl. Ind.
Bat. IT. 933; Clarke in Hook. fil) Hl. Br. Ind, DVsi44 ai imen iT:
Ceyl. III. 197; Cooke Bomb. Fl. II. 205; Prain Beng. Plants 718.
Lobophyllum tetrandrum, F. Muell. in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. IX. 21.
Waltheria microphylla, Miq. in Pl. Hohenack. n. 878 (not of Cav.).

By waysides, not common.—Distris. Hvyerywhere in the tropics.

Order LXXXI. CONVOLVULACEA.
[By D. Prain.]

Herbs or shrubs, usually twining, occasionally erect; very rarely
trees ; sometimes parasitic. Leaves alternate or in parasitic species.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 285,

obsolete; stipules 0. lowers in cymes, rarely solitary, regular,
hermaphrodite ; bracts at cyme-bases or under solitary flowers oppo-
site; bracteoles at base of pedicels small, scale-like. Sepals 5,
imbricate, occasionally slightly connate below, often persistent, some-
times accrescent. Corolla campanulate or infundibuliform, rarely
sub-rotate ; limb with 5 short or long lobes often plicate in bud, after
flowering either involute or reverting to the original sstivation.
Stamens 5, adnate to corolla-tube; anthers oblong, opening by longitu-
dinal introrse or lateral slits. Carpels usually 2, very rarely 3 or more ;
connate throughout in a superior ovary with its base often encircled
by an annular or lobed disk, and its cells as many or, by development.
of accessory partitions, twice as many as the component carpels, rarely,
from absorption of dissepiments, fewer than carpels ; ovules 2 in each
carpel, sessile erect anatropous; style solitary or rarely styles 2;
stigma capitate or 2-lobed or 2-fid. Fruit an indehiscent often dry
berry, or a 2—4-valved or circumscissile or irregularly opening capsule.
Seeds 4 to 2, rarely solitary, erect; albumen scanty or 0; cotyledons
generally plicate, rarely flat—Distrin. Species about 1,000, in all
regions, but more abundant in sub-tropical and tropical countries.

Corolla-tube usually uniformly enlarged from base to apex, the
5 bands or lobes rarely, except in Hrycibe, clearly defined from
the intervening spaces; pollen not spinulose :—
Yellow parasitic twining leafless herbs .. oe se) J: (Cuscura:
Green non-parasitic leafy herbs, shrubs or trees :-—
Fruit indehiscent, woody or fleshy, rather large; style short
or 0; stigma 5-10-rayed; corolla-lobes 2-fid, the lobules
induplicate, contorted ; woody, climbing shrubs or erect trees 2. ERycrpe.
Fruit dehiscent, or if indehiscent small, with thin fragile
walls :—
Flowers in racemes or panicles —
Bracts not enlarged in fruit; outer 3 or all of the sepals
enlarged in fruit; style entire or shortly 2-lobed ; ane

indehicent or rarely 2-valved ae 3. Porana.
Bracts in fruit much enlarged, scarious, Hanae to lee :
sepals not enlarged ; capsule 4-valved, 1-seeded .. 4, NEUROPELTIS.

Flowers in cymes or solitary; capsule valvate or opercular,
rarely dehiscing irregularly :—
Styles 2, free or partially united below; sepals not or
slightly enlarging in fruit :—
Capsule 4-valved, 2—1-locular, 4-2-seeded ; styles quite
free, each 2-branched ; cymes few-flowered .. 5. HvonvuLvs.
Capsule irregularly dehiscent, splitting into numerous
vertical segments; styles usually partially united below,
stigmas capitate; cymes sub-capitate ae .. 6. Bownamta.
Style entire, stigmas usually 2 :—
Ovary 1-locular; capsule 4-valved, 4-seeded ; stigmas
shortly oblong ; calyx-lobes not enlarged in fruit :—

286 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Bract enveloping the calyx; pollen spherical .. 7. CALYSTEGIA.
Bract not enveloping the calyx ; pollen polyhedral .. 8. Hnwrrtta.
Ovary 2-locular, sometimes 4-locular :—
Outer 3 sepals much larger than the 2 inner, and
decurrent on the peduncle ; stigmas capitate -. 9. ANISEIA.
Outer 3 sepals not larger than the 2 inner, and not
decurrent on the peduncle :—
Stigmas elliptic ; capsule 8-valved, rarely 4-valved 10. JacqguEMonTrIA.
Stigmas globose :—
Capsule 4-valved; fruiting sepals not enlarged ;
bands of corolla usually with 5 purple lines;
stems not winged os . 11. Merremta.
Capsule with circumscissile jghisoaace - ending
sepals considerably enlarged ; bands of corolla
without lines; stems winged Se .. 12. OPERCULINA.
Corolla-tube not uniformly enlarged from base to apex, the
5 bands on the lobes clearly defined by 2 prominent lines; pollen
spinulose :—
Fruit dehiscent, or if indehiscent then with thin fragile walls :—
Stamens arising from the backs of 5 scales attached to
the corolla-tube; flowers small urceolate, fasciculate; fruit
4-valved ae 56 .. 13. LEpistEMon.
Stamens arising directly hoa the cor “ile tube :—
Corolla more or less campanulate; calyx-lobes never
aristate, inflorescence never scorpioid; stamens not ex-
serted oe . 14. Ipomoza.
Corolla more or less Hemmertentorr ; calyx- (one ase,
or if obtuse the inflorescence scorpioid ; stamens exserted :—
Flowers rather small, pink or red, slightly irregular .. 15. Quamocuit.

Flowers large white, regular ie ae .. 16. CaLonycTIon.
Fruit indehiscent, coriaceous or fleshy :—
Ovary 4-celled .. a ae me .. 17. ARGYRETA.
Ovary 2-celled .. a eh a .. 18. Lerrsomta.

1. Cuscuta, Linn.

Leafless twining yellow-reddish parasitic herbs. Flowers small,
white or rose-coloured, fascicled, sessile or shortly pedicelled ; bracts
small or 0. Sepals 5 or 4, sub-equal; free or shortly connate at the base.
Corolla ovoid or campanulate, usually with a ring of fimbriate or lobed
scales near the base or below the stamens; lobes short, imbricate.
Stamens 5 or 4, adnate near throat of corolla; filaments short, linear ;
anthers oblong, partially exserted. Ovary more or less completely
2-celled; ovules 4; styles 2 or 1; stigmas 2. rat a globose or ovoid,
dry or succulent, circumscissile or irregularly bursting 4-2-seeded
capsule. Seeds glabrous; albumen fleshy; embryo slender, spiral ;
cotyledons minute or obsolete.—Distris. Species about 80, in tempe-
rate and tropical regions.

Cuscuta Hycropuite#, H. H. W. Pears. in Hook. Ic. Plant. t. 2704.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 287

A small slender parasitic twiner. Flowers in dense umbellate cymes,
‘25 in. wide. Sepals ovate obtuse, connate below, ‘1 in. long. Corolla
‘15 in. wide, campanulate; lobes ovate obtuse. Stamens 5, shortly
exserted. Scales near base of corolla-tube shortly fimbriate. Ovary
obtuse, more or less perfectly 2-celled; ovules 4; styles 2; stigmas
capitate. Fruit an oblate capsule, -15 in. wide.

JOHORE: near the town, parasitic on Hygrophila quadrivalvis,
Fiidley 9161!

Closely related to C. chinensis, from which it differs in having the sepals without
keels, and of which the writer believes it to be a form.

2. ErycrBe, Roxb.

Shrubs, scandent or diffuse, less often erect; rarely trees. Leaves
alternate, elliptic, entire, coriaceous. lowers rather small; cymes in
axillary or terminal panicles or racemes; bracts lanceolate, small.
Sepals 5, small, sub-equal, orbicular, coriaceous, adpressed to base of
fruit. Corolla rather small, white or yellowish, sub-rotate ; tube hirsute
externally ; limb 5-lobed, the lobes obcordate, induplicate-contorted in
bud, with a thicker triangular centre externally hirsute, and sub-
membranous semicordate margins glabrous on both sides. Stamens
5, sub-included, adnate to throat of corolla; filaments short; anthers
ovate-lanceolate. Ovary globose, 1-celled; ovules 4; stigma large,
sessile, sub-globose or conic, d- or 10-ridged. Fruit a fleshy, leathery
or woody berry, ovoid or ellipsoid. Seed solitary, glabrous; albumen
scanty, intruded between folds of fleshy cotyledons.—Distris. Species
about 30; throughout S.H. Asia.

Leaves more or less pubescent beneath :—
Pubescence on under surfaces of leaves persistent :—
Branches angular; bark fissured; pubescence on under side
of leaves black, closely adpressed; leaves with acuminate
tips, the lateral nerves in 5 pairs, obliquely ascending,
hardly visible above “9 . IL. E. strigosa.
Branches cylindric; bark not seutel: suiieseenes on sie:
surface of leaves not adpressed, brown or tawny; leaves
obtuse, the lateral nerves in 12 to 15 pairs, spreading not very
oblique; fruit velvety .. . 2. E. magnifica.
Pubescence on under surface of lentes usually Teens.
except from the midrib, as the leaves become old; branches
with fissured bark :— :
Flowers in pyramidal terminal panicles, the panicle branches
subtended by foliaceous bracts my - . 3. #. expansa.
Flowers in axillary cymes, or if passing arg a onal

panicle the panicle branches not subtended by foliaceous
bracts :-—

288 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Flowers often passing into a terminal panicle; corolla
greenish ; fruit ellipsoid, black, -6 in. long, -35 in. wide.. 4. EH. Princei.
Flowers all axillary; corolla white ; fruit ellipsoid, purple,
with a faint apical areola, -75 in. long, ‘5 in. wide .. 9. E. malaccensis.
Leaves quite glabrous on both surfaces :—
Flowers in both terminal and axillary panicles; leaves with
lateral nerves distinct, but secondary venation indistinct .. 6. EH. angulata.
Flowers always axillary :—
Leaves small, never exceeding 1:75 in. long, sub-bifarious ;
flowers solitary, axillary.. 7. EL. leucoxyloides.
Leaves medium to large, very “nari and never all, ieee
than 2 in. long, arranged spirally ; flowers never solitary :—
Lateral nerves of leaves distinct and secondary reticulate
venation distinct on both surfaces, or at least beneath :—

Lateral nerves of leaves 7 to 9 pairs 6 .. 8. H. festiva.
Lateral nerves of leaves 6 or fewer pairs :—
Fruit quite glabrous a0 58 .. 9. E. sapotacea.
Fruit finely velvety : . 10. # Stapfiana.
Lateral nerves of leaves indistinct, secondnay neeation me
visible :—
Corolla rufous-pubescent internally as well as ex-
ternally .. she ae .. ll. EH. precipua.

Corolla glabrous salyonnellleys —
Flowers densely glomerate in leaf axils; leaves pale
waxy greenish-yellow beneath ae .. 12. H. glomerata,
Flowers in short but open axillary cymes :—
Leaves thickly coriaceous ; fruit verrucose but not

scurfy externally a6 .. 18. E. aenea.
Leaves sub-coriaceous; fruit scurfy but not verru-
cose externally . Be ap .. 14. E. Grifithii.

1. EryciBe stricosa, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXV. 2. 536.
A climber 40 to 60 feet long, with stems 1 to 2 in. in diam.; branches
slightly angled with fissured bark, and except along the fissures densely
clothed with black adpressed tomentum ; branchlets angular with black
adpressed tomentum. Leaves elliptic or ovate-lanceolate, base cuneate,
apex rather long acuminate, with tip obtuse; 3 to 4 in. long, 1°5 to
1'75 in. wide; thinly coriaceous; dark green, quite glabrous above,
brownish-black and densely covered with black adpressed tomentum
beneath ; lateral nerves 5 pairs, oblique, distinct beneath not visible above,
secondary venation indistinct beneath not visible above; petiole
‘75 to 1 in. long, with close adpressed black tomentum. lowers in
few-flowered cymes, ‘25 in. across, disposed in narrow axillary panicles
3 to 6 in. long, ‘5 in. wide ; main-rachis angular, densely rusty-pubescent,
the peduncles of individual cymes ‘25 in. long or less, densely rusty-
pubescent, as are the linear deciduous bracteoles -16 in. long, and the
very short pedicels. Sepals orbicular, rusty-pubescent. Corolla white,
“3 in. across (but not quite fully opened), the lobes spreading, glabrous

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 289

within ; interlobular spaces brown tomentose externally; lobules ovate,
their margins sub-entire. Hallier f. Bull. Herb. Boiss. V. 737.

Perak: Thaipeng, 500 to 800 feet elevation ; King’s Collector 8461!

2. ERyYcIBE MAGNIFICA, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXXIII.
2.18. A strong creeper 80 to 100 feet long, stem 2 to 3 in. in diam. ;
old branches -75 in. in diam. still densely tomentose, quite cylindric, with
large pith; branchlets -3 in. in diam., densely velvety with a tawny
to rusty matted tomentum. Leaves elliptic or elliptic-obovate, with
a narrowly truncate or rounded base, and an obtuse or sometimes
retuse apex, the margin strongly revolute; 8 to 10 in. long, 3°5 to 4 in.
wide ; coriaceous ; upper surface quite glabrous, dark green and shining
with sometimes a silvery, sometimes a rich coppery sheen; under
surface velvety, pale brownish-green, the tomentum longer, looser, and
sometimes whitish on the main-nerves; lateral nerves rather straight,
spreading, 12 to 15 pairs, rather distinctly looped along the margin,
prominent beneath, deeply impressed above, as is the secondary
reticulate venation; petiole -35 in. long, densely rusty-velvety.
Flowers in short axillary racemes, sometimes clustered, of close-set
2—3-flowered individual cymules; the racemes 1 to 2in. long ; peduncles,
short pedicels and small ovate bracts and bracteoles densely rusty-
velvety. Sepals orbicular, densely velvety outside, quite glabrous
within, coriaceous, in fruit -2 in. across. Corolla ‘5 in. across; lobes
slightly spreading, glabrous within, and waxy white or yellow, narrow
and deeply divided ; interlobular spaces densely dark brown, almost
black velvety-pubescent externally ; lobules very small oblong. Frwit
ellipsoid, 1:25 in. long, 1 in. in diam., densely softly velvety, of a rich
brown colour.

PERAK: King’s Collector 3454! 3879! 6721!

In the first of his three gatherings Kunstler has noted this as a tree 50 to 70 feet
high, but in the two subsequent ones as a large creeper, which is, from the appearance
of the specimens, undoubtedly the case with the first gathering also.

3. ERYCIBE EXPANSA, Wall. Cat. 1331. A large climber, branches
_ angled, with fissured bark, glabrous ; branchlets angular, densely rusty-
tomentose. Leaves elliptic or slightly obovate, apex abruptly shortly
acuminate toa sharp tip, base rounded or sub-cordate ; 2 to 2-5 in. long,
1 to 1:5 in. wide; chartaceous; dark green, quite glabrous above, paler
and rusty-pubescent, especially on the nerves, beneath, the pubescence
ultimately disappearing except from the nerves in old leaves; lateral
nerves 2 to 3 pairs, very oblique, ascending; secondary reticulate venation
fairly visible above only; petioles -15 in. long, densely rusty-pubescent.
Flowers in rather condensed 5-9-flowered cymes disposed in pyra-

290 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

midal terminal panicles 3 to 15 in. long, 1°5 to 6 in. wide, the main
rachis and branches densely rusty-tomentose, the panicle branches
‘75 to 2°5 in. long, subtended by large foliaceous bracts -4 to 1 in. long,
exactly like the foliage leaves but smaller; peduncles of individual
cymes rusty-tomentose, -25 in. long; pedicels bracteolate, -1 in. long
or less, rusty-tomentose. Sepals orbicular, rusty-pubescent. Corolla
white, or white tinged with pink, -45 in. wide ; lobes spreading, glabrous
within ; interlobular spaces densely rusty-pubescent externally ; lobules
ovate acute, their margins sub-entire. G. Don Gen. Syst. IV. 392;
Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 181; Prain Journ. As. Soe.
Beng. LXIII. 2. 84; Hallier f. Bull. Herb. Boiss. V. 737. H. ferru-
gunosa, Griff. Notul. IV. 283. H. paniculata, 3. expansa, Choisy Ann.
Se, Nat. 2.1. 2225) DC. Prod. 1X) 464. (42 corraceay kurz Hor,
Flor. Burm. II. 213 partly (not of Wall.). .

Kepau: Lankawi, Curtis 2128 !—Distris. Tenasserim.

4. Erycrpe Princer, Wall. Cat. 1335. A large straggling bush
with spreading branches, or a stout climber; branches glabrous, the
bark more or less fissured but quite cylindric; branchlets densely rusty-
tomentose, cylindric. Leaves obovate-oblong or rarely obovate-lanceo-
late, narrowed slightly to the narrowly truncate or sometimes rounded
base, more abruptly to the shortly acuminate or acute apex, with an
obtuse or occasionally acute tip; 2°56 to 4 in. long, 1:25 to 1:75 in.
wide; coriaceous, shrinking somewhat irregularly when dry; glabrous
rather pale green above, beneath at first rusty pubescent with a loose
tomentum, which soon disappears except from the midrib; lateral
nerves 5 to 7 pairs, very oblique and not very prominent on either
surface, with a distinct sub-marginal looping vein; secondary reticulate
venation distinct but not prominent on either surface; petiole -2 to
‘25 in. long, rusty-pubescent. lowers in axillary cymes in the upper-
most leaf axils, 5-9-flowered, °75 in. wide, the ultimate 3 to 7 passing
into a terminal panicle without leaves 1:5 to 3 in. long, rarely longer ;
peduncles ‘15 to -25 in. long, rusty-pubescent ; pedicels very short and
lanceolate bracteoles, -2 in. long, rusty-pubescent. Sepals orbicular,
coriaceous, rusty-pubescent. Corolla greenish, sweet-scented, -4 in.
across; lobes slightly spreading; interlobular spaces shining golden
silky externally ; lobules ovate, margins finely undulate. Hrwzt ellipsoid,
black, smooth, °6 in. long, *35 in. in diam. Choisy in Ann. Se. Nat. 2.
T. 224; DC. Prod. IX. 464; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 152;
Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 2. 85; Hallier f. Bull. Herb,
Boiss. V. 737 (excluding the Assam and Khasia localities), 1052.
E. camptobotrya, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 578.

Matacca: Griffith 5883 (K.D.)! Maimgay 1155 (K.D.)! Sine@a-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 291

PORE: in hedges, frequent, Kurz 2968! Hullett 628! 642!—Disrrrp.
Bangka, Sumatra, Borneo.

5. ERYCIBE MALACCENSIS, Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 182.
A stout spreading shrub with straggling branches, or a climber extend-
ing to 100 feet in length; branches glabrous, with fisstred bark, but
cylindric; branchlets stellately puberulous, rather distinctly angled.
Leaves elliptic, oblong or obovate-oblong, narrowed from the middle or
beyond to the cuneate or narrowly truncate base and more abruptly to
the shortly acuminate apex with obtuse tip; 3 to 3-5 in. long, 1:25 to
1°5 in. wide; thickly chartaceous ; dark green, shining, quite glabrous |
above; paler glaucescent beneath and at first pubescent with a
deciduous tomentum which soon disappears except from the rusty
midrib; lateral nerves 5 to 6 pairs, usually very oblique, rather distinct
on both surfaces as is the secondary reticulate venation; petiole -25 in.
long, rusty-tomentose. Flowers in axillary 5-9-flowered cymes, ‘d in.
wide ; peduncles -2 to 1°5 in. long, rusty-tomentose ; bracteoles elliptic,
fulvous-tomentose, small; pedicels ‘15 in. long, rusty. Sepals orbicular,
fulvous-tomentose. Corolla glabrous within, white, -35 in. across;
lobes slightly spreading; interlobular spaces fulvous-tomentose exter-
nally ; lobules ovate, margins slightly undulate. Frwit ellipsoid, purple,
‘75 in. long, ‘5 in. in diam. with a faint apical areola, glabrous. Prain
Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 2. 85; Hallier f. Bull. Herb. Boiss. V. 738.

Perak: Larut, King’s Collector 3093! 3180! 3575! Scortechim
2196! Kota, Wray 2412! Prnane: Maingay 1154! Manacca:
Bukit Labukor, Aidley 3526! Batu Tiga, Derry 1042!—Drsrr1s.
Tenasserim.

6. EryciBpE ANGULATA, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXITI. 2. 84.
A robust scandent shrub or a strong climber; stems sometimes over
100 feet long and 4 to 6 in. in diam. ; branches terete, glabrous; ultimate
branchlets angular, rusty-pubescent. Leaves obovate, base cuneate or
rounded, apex shortly acuminate or rounded or sometimes deeply
emarginate (normally shortly acuminate); 4 to 8 in. long, 2 to 4 in.
wide ; coriaceous, quite glabrous; lateral nerves 5 to 8 pairs, visible
above, distinctly raised beneath ; secondary venation indistinct ; petioles
-5 in. long, rusty-pubescent. Flowers in few-flowered cymes disposed
in axillary and terminal panicles with angular rachis clothed with dark-
red tomentum ; axillary inflorescences 1 to 6 in. long, 1 to 1:5 in. wide,
terminal 7 to 10 in. long, with sometimes floral leaves intermixed ;
pedicels bracteolate, -25 to-5 in. long. Sepals orbicular, outer stellately
rusty-tomentose, inner ciliate. Corolla white, ‘5 in. wide; lobes
spreading ; interlobular spaces hirsute externally; lobules glabrous,
ovate-oblong, with slightly undulate margins. MHallier f. Bull. Herb.

21

292 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Boiss. V. 739. EH. paniculata, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 248 (not of
Roxb.).

Perak: Larut, King’s Collector 7379! Dijong, Scortechina 1816 !—
Distris. Sumatra (Teysmann 3682).

When originally describing this species the writer referred to it a Java specimen
collected by Kurz; Dr. Hallier, however, whose knowledge of Convolvulacee is so
profound, has shown that this Java specimen, which is not a very good one, belongs
in reality to a distinct species—Z. macrophylla, Hallier f.

7. ERYCIBE LEUCOXxYLOIDES, King MSS. ex Ridl. in Herb. Singap. ;
Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LX XIII. 2.16. A very large climber with
slender cylindric branches, bark fissured and covered with a close grey
pubescence; branchlets numerous, very slender, rather distinctly angled,
grey- or rusty-pubescent. Leaves sub-bifarious, ovate or ovate-lanceolate,
base rounded, apex sub-acuminate or abruptly narrowed to an obtuse
tip; 1 to 1:75 in. long, ‘4 to ‘6 in. wide; membranous or thinly char-
taceous; quite glabrous on both surfaces; rather dark green above,
paler beneath; secondary nerves about 3 pairs, very oblique and hardly
visible above except in young leaves, not visible beneath even when
dry and even when young; petiole ‘1 in. long, grey-pubescent. lowers
axillary, solitary ; pedicels -2 in. long, somewhat recurved in fruit, grey-
pubescent, bracteolate under the calyx. Sepals orbicular, sparsely
pubescent on the centre externally, elsewhere glabrous except the
ciliate margins. Corolla white, sweet-scented, ‘5 in. across; interlobular
spaces brown-tomentose externally; lobules broad, semi-orbicular,
entire. Frwit elliptic, black, smooth, glabrous, ‘6 in. long, -4 in. wide.

Sincapore: climbing in secondary jungle, Hallier! Ridley 2051,
6897! 10927! Senancor: Kwala Lumpar, Curtis 2402! JoHoRE:
Fidley !

8. ERYCIBE FESTIVA, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 2. 87.
A climber, 60 to 70 feet long (Kwnstler), or a small tree (Hullett) ;
branches grooved but cylindric; ultimate branchlets slightly angular,
sparingly pubescent. eaves elliptic or oblong, base cuneate, apex
usually rather long acuminate with an obtuse tip; 3 to 6 in. long, 1°5
to 2°5 in. wide; glabrous; thinly coriaceous; lateral nerves 7 to 9
pairs, distinct on both surfaces, especially beneath, secondary venation
distinct beneath ; petiole glabrous, ‘5 to ‘75 in. long. Flowers in short
axillary 7-12-flowered cymes ‘5 to ‘75 in. across; peduncles °3 to ‘5 in.
long, rusty-pubescent ; pedicels rusty-pubescent, bracteolate, -12 in.
‘long. Sepals orbicular, rusty-pubescent. Corolla pale greenish-white
within, *75in. across, lobes broad; interlobular spaces brown-tomentose
externally ; lobules ovate, margins erose, usually rather deeply, through-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 293

out. Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXV. 2. 536; Hallier f. Bull. Herb
Boiss. V. 739.

PERAK: in open forest in rocky localities, at 500 to 800 feet elevation,
King’s Collector 6445! Sincarore: garden jungle, Ridley 6043!
Hullett !

9. ERycIBE SAPOTACEA, Hallier f. & Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng.
LXXIII. 2. 16. A tree (?); branches slightly angled, with fissured
bark, quite glabrous. Leaves elliptic, base cuneate, apex abruptly
shortly acuminate with tip obtuse; 5 in. long, 2 to 2°25 in. wide;
firmly coriaceous ; quite glabrous on both sides ; bright green and glossy
above, pale beneath; lateral nerves 6 pairs, distinct above and rather
prominent beneath, secondary reticulate venation very distinct on both
surfaces ; petiole -5 in. long, glabrous. Flowers in few-flowered con-
gested, axillary subsessile cymes. Sepals and Corolla not seen. Fruit
ovoid, quite glabrous, the epicarp very coriaceous, almost woody,
wrinkled and fissured, with a rounded base and conical pointed apex,
2 in. long, 1 in. in diam.; fruiting pedicels ‘3 in. long, with epidermis
fissured like that on the branches.

Penance: Government Hill, Curtis 772!

A very distinct and striking species, the flowers of which are as yet unknown. In
shape the fruit is most like that of H. Grifithii, but besides being about twice the size

it has none of the scurfy covering of the fruit of that species. The leaves of the two
are very different.

10. Erycrpe Srapriana, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXITI. 2. 87.
A shrubby or slender climber, sometimes 80 to 100 feet long; much
branched ; branches and glabrous branchlets cylindric. Leaves usually
oblong or elliptic, rarely narrowly lanceolate, narrowed to a cuneate or
narrowly truncate base, apex shortly acuminate with a blunt tip; 4 to
7 in. long, 2 to 3 in. wide; coriaceous; glabrous; dark green and glossy
above, paler beneath ; lateral nerves 4 to 6 pairs, ascending obliquely,
the lowest pairs extending more than half-way along the margin, the
secondary veins reticulately raised beneath, visible but not conspicuous
above ; petiole -25 in. long, glabrous. lowers in clustered axillary
cymes °d to 2 in. long, in fascicles of 4 to 9 from a woody protuberance,
each 5—20-flowered ; peduncles densely dark-brown-tomentose, as are
the bracteolate pedicels, -1 to -15 in. long. Sepals orbicular, densely
brown-tomentose. Corolla waxy-white within, -5 in. across; lobes
narrow ; interlobular spaces very dark-brown-tomentose (nearly black—
Kunstler) externally ; lobules narrow, divergent, slightly crenulate along
the obliquely truncate apex. Fruit ovoid, °6 to ‘8 in. long, ‘5 in. in
diam., densely clothed with a fine dark-brown velvety tomentum.
Hallier f. Bull. Herb. Boiss. V. 738.

294 Flora of the Malayan Pemmnsula.

PERAK: at various elevations from 300 to 4,000 feet, King’s Collector
4015! 4115! 7784! Wray 3371! Scortechint 1793 !—Distrrs.
Tenasserim (Parish).

11. ErycisE pracipua, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 2. 86.
A large climbing shrub; branches and ultimate branchlets cylindric,
glabrous. Leaves narrowly elliptic to elliptic, narrowed to the cuneate
base and more abruptly to the obtuse tip; thickly coriaceous; quite
glabrous; 1:5 to 4 in. long, -75 to 2 in. wide; nerves about 5 pairs,
curved and ascending, but all very obscure even when dry ; petioles
‘*3 in. long, glabrous. Flowers in small, axillary, laxly 5-8-flowered
cymes ‘dO in. across; peduncles and bracteolate pedicels closely rusty-
pubescent, pedicels -12 in. long. Sepals orbicular, the outer minutely,
the inner densely closely rusty-pubescent. Corolla whitish, -5 in. wide,
the lobes very narrow, spreading; interlobular spaces rufous-pubescent
internally as well as externally; lobules small glabrous, narrowly
oblong, sub-acute, divergent. rwit ovoid, slightly rough but not
verrucose, ‘7 to ‘75 in. long, ‘5 to ‘6 in. wide, pointed or rounded.

PENANG: Government Hill, Curtis 911! 1273! Perak: Larut,.
Scortechim !

Father Scortechini’s specimens from Perak have the fruit slightly smaller, not at.
all pointed, and not so distinctly roughened as the Penang specimens, but in all other
respects the two plants agree.

12. ErycIBE GLOMERATA, Bl. Bijdr. 1047. A shrub or a small tree,
10 to 20 feet high, erect, much spreading; branches and sparingly
pubescent ultimate branchlets cylindric. Leaves elliptic or narrow-
oblong, shortly or gradually narrowed to the cuneate base and to the
obtuse tip ; 7 to 12 in. long, 1°75 to 5 in. wide ; coriaceous; quite glabrous ;
dark green above, waxy-pale greenish-yellow (Kunstler) beneath ;
lateral nerves 8 to 9 pairs, visible but not raised on either surface or
only faintly raised beneath; petiole -15 to 35 in. long. Flowers in
axillary very short and closely glomerate 5-8-flowered cymes; peduncles
05 in. long; individual flowers nearly sessile with 3 rusty-pubescent.
bracteoles at the base of the calyx. Sepals almost glabrous, pale waxy-
green (Kunstler), orbicular, margins ciliate. Corolla pure white within,
1:25 in. across; lobes narrow; interlobular spaces rufous externally :
lobules oblong, obtuse, slightly crenulate at the apex. MHallier f. Bull.
Herb. Boiss. V. 382, 739. H. albida, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng.
LXIII. 2. 87.

Var. typica ; leaves elliptic, 3:5 to 5 in. wide.

Perak: on Gunong Bubu, 2,500 to 3,000 feet, King’s Collector
7373! Larut, Scortechim ! Punaan: Curtis 2947!—Disrris. Java.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 295

Var. longifolia, Bl. Bijdr. 1047; leaves cuneate-oblong, obtusely
acuminate, 1°75 to 2°25 in. wide. H. angustifolia, Hallier f. Engl. Bot.
Jahrb. XVI. 524.

Perak: Waterfall Hill, Wray 2580! Maunacca: Bujong, Scortechini
1908!—Distris. Java, Borneo.

13. ERYCIBE AENEA, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 2.85. A
very large climber; stems 70 to 150 feet long, 3 to 4 in. in diam.;
branches and densely rusty-tomentose branchlets cylindric. Leaves
narrowly oblong or elliptic, base cuneate, apex gradually or oftener
abruptly narrowed to an obtuse tip; thickly coriaceous; quite glabrous ;
2°5 to 5 in. long, 1 to 2 in. wide; lateral nerves 5 to 6 pairs with a
distinct sub-marginal connecting nerve, impressed on both surfaces but
especially beneath; petiole -25 in. or less. Flowers in axillary 3—20-
flowered cymes 25 to 1:2 in. long; peduncles and bracteolate pedicels
minutely closely rusty-tomentose; pedicels 12 in. long. Sepals orbi-
cular, closely brown-tomentose. Corolla pale yellow, ‘5 in. across, the
lobes spreading; interlobular spaces pale brown-tomentose externally ;
lobules ovate-oblong, their margins undulate. Frit elliptic, verrucose,
grey, 9 in. long, ‘5 to ‘6 in. wide. Hallier f. Bull. Hort. Boiss. V. 739.

Perak: Larut, at elevations of from 300 to 2,500 feet, King’s
Collector 7337! 8165!

14. Erycipe Grirrituu, Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. TV. 182.
A climber 60 to 80 feet long; stem 4 to 6 in. in diam.; branches
cylindric, glabrous; branchlets cylindric, sparingly rusty-pubescent.
Leaves elliptic, rarely ovate-lanceolate or obovate-oblong, base cuneate
or rarely rounded, apex usually abruptly acuminate, less often gradually
narrowed to the obtuse tip; 2°75 to 6 in. long, -75 to 2°5 in. wide;
quite glabrous on both surfaces, sub-coriaceous; lateral nerves 6 to 8
pairs, very oblique, visible but not prominent above, prominent beneath ;
secondary venation very indistinct; petiole ‘25 to ‘3 in. long, glabrous.
Flowers in short axillary solitary or clustered 4—9-flowered cymes ‘3 in.
across; peduncles rusty-pubescent, ‘2 to -3 in. long; pedicels -25 in.
long, rusty-pubescent as are the very minute ovate-lanceolate bracteoles.
Sepals orbicular, rusty-pubescent externally. Corolla waxy cream-
coloured and glabrous within, ‘5 in. across, the lobes spreading, narrow
and stellate ; interlobular spaces rusty-brown externally ; lobules narrow
acute, their margins sub-entire. Fruit coriaceous, greyish-brown and
closely scurfy externally, 1 to 1°5 in. long, ‘5 to °75 in. wide. Prain
Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 85; Hallier f. Verslag. Buitenzorg, 1895.
126; Bull. Herb. Boiss. V. 738, 1052. H. Maingayi, Clarke in Hook. f.
Flor. Brit. Ind. TV. 182; Hallier f. Bull. Herb. Boiss. V. 737. £.
micrantha, Hallier f. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XVI. 524.

296 Flora of the Malayan Penmsula.

PERAK: Larut, 200 to 800 feet elevation, King’s Collector 8191 !
Scortechint ! Matacca: Maingay. Prnane: Gaudichaud 120; Curis.
181! King’s Collector 1458!—Distriz. Tenasserim, Sumaira,
Philippines.

3. PorANA, Burm.

Large climbers. Leaves petioled, ovate or cordate, entire. Flowers
small; cymes often in large panicles; bracts persistent; bracteoles.
subulate or 0. Sepals 5, small and narrow in flower; in fruit the outer
3 or all 5 much accrescent, membranous and spreading, usually spathu-
late. Corolla white, campanulate or infundibuliform with a wide or
narrow throat; limb spreading plicate, sub-entire or 5-lobed. Stamens
5, adnate to corolla-tube, sub-included; filaments linear or filiform.
Ovary 2-celled or 1-celled ; ovules 4 or 2; style long or short, entire or
2-fid; stigma solitary 2-lobed, or stigmas 2, capitate. Fruit globose
oblong or obconic, 1-seeded, membranous, indehiscent or opening by
Avalves. Seed glabrous ; cotyledons plicate.—DistRis. Species about
10, throughout §.EH. Asia.

PorRANA VoLUBILIS, Burm. Fl. Ind. 51. t. 21. f. 1. A large
climber ; stems and warted branches glabrous, young shoots pubescent.
Leaves glabrous, ovate sub-cordate, or sometimes base rounded, apex
shortly acuminate, quite glabrous, 2°5 in. long, 1°5 in. wide; petiole
‘6 in. long. Flowers white, small, in sub-ebracteate cymes disposed in
panicles 12 to 15 in. long, minutely tawny-pubescent ; pedicels -1 to.
‘25 in. long. Sepals 5, minutely pubescent, in flower -2 in. long, oblong ;.
in fruit 35 in. long, sub-spathulate, all equal. Corolla -3 in. long; tube
narrow ; limb rather distinctly 5-lobed. Stamens 5, included. . Ovary
2-celled; ovules 4; style 2-partite; stigmas small, capitate. Fruit a
globose capsule, enclosed in the accrescent 5—7-nerved calyx-lobes,
15 in. in diam. Seed solitary. Lamk Ill. t. 186; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed.
Carey & Wall. IT. 40; ed. orig. I. 465; Blume Bijdr. 723; Wall. Cat.
1327; Choisy Convolv. Or. 106, and in DC. Prod. IX. 4386; Clarke in
Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 222.

Mauacca: Griffith! King !/—Distr1s. Indo-China, Malay Archi-
pelago.

King’s examples are from a cultivated plant; whether those of Griffith be from.
wild plants is unknown.

4, NeuroPettis, Wall.

- Large scandent, tomentose shrubs. Leaves ovate or oblong, firm,
petioled. Flowers many, small, in axillary racemes or terminal
panicles; pedicels distinct, beset by solitary ovate-lanceolate bracteoles
under the calyx, in flower inconspicuous, in fruit greatly accrescent.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 297

Sepals 5, sub-orbicular, hardly altered in fruit. Corolla small, white ;
tube wide-campanulate; limb deeply 5d-lobed, the lobes induplicate-
valvyate in bud. Stamens 5, exserted or included, adnate to corolla-
tube; filaments filiform. Ovary imperfectly or perfectly 2-celled ;
ovules 4; styles 2, free throughout, stigmas sub-capitate wavy or
obscurely lobed. Fruit a globose, 4-valved, 1-seeded capsule sessile
near the centre of the flat, much-accrescent bracteole. Seed globose,
glabrous, albuminous; cotyledons plicate——Distris. Species 2, in
tropics of Hastern Hemisphere.

NEUROPELTIS RACEMOSA, Wall. Cat. 1322. A robust climber;
branchlets pubescent, lenticellate, rather dark. Leaves alternate,
elliptic-lanceolate, base cuneate, apex acuminate with a narrow
longish thickened mucro; lamina 2°5 to 5 in. long, 1:25 to 2:25 in.
wide ; firmly papery ; glabrous except along the midrib above, slightly
rusty with a sub-persistent pubescence beneath; lateral nerves about
7-paired, somewhat curved forward, rather prominent and pubescent
beneath. lowers in axillary racemes 2 to 5 in. long, peduncle -d to

in. and rachis rusty-tomentose; bracts small ovate; pedicels -12
to -2 in. long, tomentose, slender, with an ovate-lanceolate bracteole
under the calyx. Sepals 5, somewhat connate below, small, orbicular,
rufous-villous. Corolla small, campanulate, white, tube rufous-villous
externally ; limb -25 to -3 in. across, 5-lobed, lobes ovate nearly as long
as the tube. Stamens 5, adnate to corolla-tube, exserted; filaments
thickened at base. Ovary imperfectly or perfectly 2-celled, rufous-
villous at base; ovules 2 in each cell; styles 2, glabrous; stigmas
large globose wavy. Capsule :25 in. long, ovoid, glabrescent, sessile
in the centre of the accrescent, orbicular, scarious, reticulate bract
1 to 1°75 in. wide with rounded or cordate base. Seed globose,
glabrous, albuminous ; cotyledons plicate. Roxb. Flor. Ind. ed. Carey
& Wall. II. 44; Deless. Ic. Select. V. t. 96; Choisy Convolv. Or. 109,
i. 2. £. 12, and in DC. Prod. IX. 437; Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 291 ; Kurz
For. Flor. Burm. II. 222; Clarke in Hook f. Flor. Brit. Ind. TV. 225.
N. ovata, Wall. Cat, 1323; Choisy Convoly. Or. 110, t. 2, f. 13, and in
DC. Prod. IX. 487. N. bracteata, Griff. Notul. LV. 285. N. intermedia,
Griff. Notul. IV. 285.

PrerRAK: Larut, Scortechint 1483! 1489! 2071! King’s Collector
3944! 3792! 4370! 6809! Prnane: Wallich! Matacca: Maingay
1152! 1153! Srinearore: Wallich !—Distris. Malabar, Borneo.

5, Evontvuwus, Linn.

Small prostrate or erect herbs or undershrubs, never climbing.
Leaves small, entire, often distichous. Flowers small, blueish or white,

298 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

in axillary few-flowered peduncled or sub-sessile cymes. Sepals 5,
small, sub-equal, not enlarged in fruit. Corolla small, funnel-shaped or
sub-rotate ; limb plicate, sub-entire. Stamens 5, included or exserted ;
filaments filiform. Ovary 2-celled or, rarely, 1-celled; ovules 4;
styles 2, free from the base, each cleft into 2 linear or sub-clavate
stigmas, papillose on the inner face. Frwt a 4-valved, less often a
2-valved capsule, 2-celled or 1-celled. Seeds 4 or 2, rarely solitary,
glabrous; cotyledons twice plicate.—DistriB. Species about 80,
mostly tropical American; the present the only Asiatic.

EvoLvuLUS ALSINOIDES, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. II. 392. A small peren-
nial herb; annual branches numerous, wiry, often prostrate. Leaves
variable in shape from lanceolate to ovate, and in pubescence from
sparingly silky to densely tawny or rufous-tomentose ; *25 to 1 in. or
occasionally 1:5 in, long, ‘2 to ‘5 in. wide; petiole absent or short,
rarely ‘2in. long. lowers 1 to 3, on peduneles ‘1 in. to 1 or 1°5 in.
long; bracts small, linear, hirsute, persistent; pedicels ‘05 to ‘Od in.
long. Sepals 5, lanceolate, hirsute, -1 to-15 in. long. Corolla pale blue
or white, transparent, -25 to -3 in. long. Capsule globose, ‘15 in. in
diam., 4-valved. Seeds 4, glabrous. Burm. Fl. Zeyl. 9, t. 6, f. 1;
Wall. Cat. 1317 ; Roxb. Flor. Ind. IT. 105 ; Choisy in DC. Prod. IX. 447 ;
Clarke in Hook f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 220. #. linifolwus, Linn. Sp. Pl.
ed. II. 392; Choisy in DC. Prod. TX. 449. H. angustifolwus, Roxb. Flor.
Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. Il. 107. HH. hirsutus, Lamk Eneye. Meth.
III. 538; Ill. t. 216, f. 2; Choisy in DC. Prod. IX. 447, excl. syn. Roxb.
H. sericeus, Wall. Cat. 1315. Convolvulus valerianoides, Blanco FI.
Filip. 90.

Nicopars: Kamorta, Kurz! Sincarore: Changi, Adley /—
Distris. Cosmopolitan in the tropics.

The form recorded from the Nicobars and Singapore is the narrow-leaved form,
which is EH. linifolius Linn. In both localities it is probably an introduced weed.

6. BonamiaA, Thouars.

Large climbing shrubs. Leaves large ovate-cordate, entire, firm.
Flowers medium, in axillary peduncled cymes ; bracts small. Sepals 5,
sub-equal, firm, ovate. Corolla infundibuliform, tube hirsute externally
except opposite the sepals; limb 5-lobed, plicate. Stamens, 5, included,
adnate to corolla-tube; filaments filiform, at least in upper part.
Ovary 2-celled; ovules 4; style 2-fid to the middle; stigmas 2,
capitate. Fruit a globose or ovoid capsule; valves thin, splitting
irregularly at their apices. Seeds normally 4, glabrous or nearly so.—
Disrris. Species about 30, throughout the tropics.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 299

BoNAMIA SEMIDIGYNA, Hallier f. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XVI. 528.
A large twining shrub; stems and leaves rusty-tomentose. Leaves
ovate-cordate, entire, apex acute; length 4 in., width 2°5 in.; petiole
15 in. long. Flowers medium, in axillary sub-capitate 2—5-flowered
cymes; peduncles 1 to 2 in. long, rusty-villous as are the pedicels and
sepals; bracts -25 in. long, oblong, rusty-villous. Sepals ‘35 to ‘5 in.
long, ovate-oblong, sub-acute, sub-equal. Corolla yellowish, wide-
infundibuliform, 1:5 in. long; tube hirsute externally ; limb sub-entire.
Style ‘6 in. long. Capsule sub-globose, glabrous, ‘5 in. in diam., split-
ting into many vertical segments, hardly covered by the slightly
accrescent, ovate fruiting sepals. Seeds sub-glabrous. Bull. Herb.
Boiss. V. 1814. Convolvulus senudigynus, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 13;
Flor. Ind. I. 468; Wall. Cat. 1405. Breweria cordata, Bl. Bijdr. 722;
Choisy in DC. Prod. IX. 438; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind.
TV. 223. B. Roxburgh, Choisy Convolv. Or. III., and in DC. Prod. IX.
438; Wight, Ic. t. 1370; Dalz & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 162. B. madagas-
cariensis, Choisy Mem. Soc. Phys. Geney. 493.

Prov. WELLESLEY: at Kubang Ulu, Curtis! Prnana: on the
coast, Porter! Curtis 1703! Prrax: Ipoh, Curtes 3166 !—DistTRIB.
S.H. Asia generally, Mascarenes.

7. Catystraia, R. Br.

Prostrate or twining perennial herbs. JZeaves entire or lobed,
glabrous or nearly so. Flowers medium, axillary solitary or rarely
in few-flowered cymes; bracts 2, large, leafy, embracing the calyx,
persistent. Sepals 5, ovate or oblong, the innermost 2 rather the
smallest. Corolla funnel-shaped or campanulate; tube glabrous ex-
ternally with 5 bands in centre of component petals, each with 5
pellucid lines at the base; limb sub-entire plicate. Stamens 5, adnate
to corolla-tube, included; filaments sub-equal. Ovary 1-celled or
imperfectly 2-celled; ovules 4; style filiform, entire; stigma of 2
oblong lobes. Frwit a globose, 1-celled, 4-valved, 4-seeded capsule.
Seeds black, glabrous or verrucose.—Distris. Species 16 to 20, in
“warn and temperate regions.

CALYSTEGIA HEDERACEA Wall. Cat. 1328. A prostrate or climbing
weed of cultivated places and hedges. Leaves somewhat irregular,
cordate or sagittate, lobed or rarely entire, 1 to 3 in. long, ‘75 to 1 in.
wide; petiole 1 in. long. Flowers axillary solitary; peduncles 1 in.
long; bracts 2 ovate, *3 in. across, persistent, enclosing the calyx.
Sepals 5, oblong, obtuse, glabrous, outer 3 in. long, inner rather
smaller. Corolla sub-campanulate, pinkish purple, tube 1 in. long;
limb plicate, sub-entire. Capsule ovoid, sub-acute, glabrous, ‘3 in. long.

/

300 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Seeds glabrous. Roxb. Flor. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 94; Choisy
Convolvy. Or. 103, and in DC. Prod. IX. 434 ; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit..
Ind. IV. 217. Convolvulus Wallichianus, Spreng. Syst. cur. post. 61.

Penance: Porter, fide Wallich.—Distris. Northern India, Afghani-
stan, Eastern Asia.

Possibly only a casual weed in our area.

8. Hewirtia, W. & A.

A pubescent twining herb. Leaves cordate, entire angled or lobed.
Flowers axillary solitary, or in few-flowered cymes; bracts below the
calyx 2, linear-lanceolate. Sepals 5, acute ; outer 3 wide-ovate, accres-
cent in fruit, inner 2 narrow-lanceolate. Corolla medium, yellow or
white with a purple eye; tube campanulate ; limb plicate. Stamens 5,
included, adnate to corolla-tube; filaments linear with dilated bases.
Ovary 1-celled or imperfectly 2-celled; ovules 4; style filiform; stigma
of 2 ovate-oblong lobes. F'rwit a globose, 4-valved, 1-celled, normally
4-seeded capsule. Seeds black, glabrous.—Distris. A single species,
throughout the tropics of the Hastern Hemisphere and Polynesia.

Hewittia Bicotor, Wight Ic. t. 835. A pubescent perennial herb ;
stems twining. Leaves cordate, entire angled or lobed, pubescent,.
2 to 4 in. long; petiole 5 in. long. lowers on axillary 1-few-flowered
peduncles ‘5 to 4 in. long; bracts 2, narrow-lanceolate, -25 to -5 in.
long, situated a short distance below the calyx. Sepals 5, the outer
ovate, accrescent; the inner narrowly lanceolate, -3 to ‘5 in. long.
Corolla yellow or whitish with a purple patch in lower part of tube,
rather widely campanulate, 1 in. long; tube externally hirsute; lobes
5, very short. Stamens 5, included ; filaments linear with dilated bases..
Ovary hirsute, more or less perfectly 2-celled; ovules 4; style filiform ;
stigmas 2, ovate-oblong. Jruit a globose capsule, -25 in. in diam...
1-celled, opening by 4 valves. Seeds 4, black, glabrous. Wight Ill.
t. 168; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. LV. 216. Convolwulus bicolor,
Vahl. Symb. III. 25; Bot. Mag. t. 2205; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 14; Flor.
Ind. I. 475; Flor. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 57; Wall. Cat. 1410.
C. bracteatus, Vahl Symb. III. 25. C. wmwvolucratus, Ker in Bot. Reg.
t. 318 (not of Spreng.). Ipomea bicolor, Sweet Hort. Brit. ed. 2, 372.
I. bracteata, Bl. Bijdr. 711 (not of Willd. nor of Wight). I. Weimmann
Roem. & Schult. Syst. Nat. IV. 248. Calystegia Keriana, Sweet Hort.
Brit. ed. 2, 370. Palma bicolor, Endl. ex Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Flor.
163. Shuteria bicolor, Choisy Convoly. Or. 104, and in DC. Prod. IX. 438 ;
Flor. des Serres t. 421. Amisera Afzelu, G. Don Gen. Syst. LV. 295.
A. bracteata, Hassk. Pl. Jav. Rar. 516.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 301

Perak: Larut, Scortechint !—Distris. Tropical Africa, S.E. Asia
generally, Polynesia.

9. AntsHr1A, Choisy.

Twining herbs. Leaves elliptic, mucronulate or lanceolate. Flowers
axillary, solitary or in few-flowered cymes. Sepals 5, herbaceous,
acuminate ; outer 3 the larger, ovate, decurrent on the peduncle and
accrescent in fruit; inner 2 smaller, lanceolate, unaltered in fruit.
Corolla wide-infundibiliform ; tube hirsute externally except on spaces
opposite the sepals, with 5 distinct vertical bands; limb sub-entire. -
Stamens 5, adnate to corolla-tube, included ; filaments filiform. Ovary
glabrous, 2-celled; ovules 4; style filiform; stigma 2-globose. Frat
a 2-celled, 4-valved capsule. Seeds 4, large, black, smooth.—DIsrTR1B.
Species about 5, all confined to America but one, which is cosmopolitan
in the tropics.

ANISEIA MARTINICENSIS, Choisy Convoly. Rar. 144. A slender herb
creeping in wet places or climbing, glabrous or with a few adpressed
hairs. , Leaves oblong-lanceolate, apex obtuse with a mucro, base
cuneate ; glabrescent; 75 to 3 in. long, ‘5 to 1 in. wide; petiole ‘6 in. long.
Flowers axillary solitary; peduncles 1 in. long, with 2 minute, per-
sistent bracts about the middle. Sepals unequal, the outer ovate-acute
‘6 in. long, the inner narrower, green, glabrescent; in fruit accrescent
at length -75 to 1 in. long, the 2 outer then sub-cordate-ovate scarious,
strongly nerved, decurrent on the peduncle; the inner lanceolate.
Corolla white, campanulate, tube 1 in. long, pubescent outside ; limb
1 in. across. Capsule ovoid, glabrous, ‘5 in. long. Seeds with minutely
strigose margins. Choisy in DC. Prod. IX. 430; Hallier f. Engl. Bot.
Jahrb. XVIII. 96, and Bull. Herb. Boiss. V. 382. <A. uniflora, Choisy
Convoly. Or. 101, t.2, £.9, and in DC. Prod. IX. 431; Wight Ic. t. 850.
Convolvulus martinicensis, Jacq. Am. 20, t. 17. C. uniflorus, Lamk
Eneye. Meth. III. 544; Burm. Fl. Ind. 47, ¢.21. C. emarginatus, Vahl
Symb. III. 23. C. Rheedei, Wall. Cat. 1358; Roxb. Flor. Ind. ed.
Carey & Wall. II. 70. Ipomea martinicensis, Mez Prim. Fl. Esseq. 98.
I. uniflora, Roem. & Schult. Symb. IV. 247; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor.
Brit. Ind. IV. 201. J. lanceolata, G. Don Gen. Syst. IV. 282.

Perak: Kwala Dipong, Scortechint 1780! Kota Bahru, King’s
Collector 1075! Mauacca: Griffith /—Distris. Tropics generally.

10. JacquEmont1A, Choisy.

Climbing or twining herbs or undershrubs; stems and leaves
usually pubescent. Leaves usually cordate or elliptic, entire or rarely
toothed or lobed. Flowers axillary, in compound umbellate or capitate

302 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

cymes, very rarely solitary ; bracts small, rarely leafy. Sepals 5, equal
or unequal. Corolla usually small; tube infundibuliform with a wide
or narrow throat, and with 5 vertical bands each ending in 2 distinct
nerves; limb plicate. Stamens 5, adnate to corolla-tube, included.
Ovary glabrous, 2-celled ; ovules 4; style filiform; stigmas 2, linear or
elliptic-oblong. Fruit a globose 2-celled capsule, usually 8-valved,
rarely 4-valved. Seeds normally 4, usually glabrous, often slightly
winged along the margins.—Distrip. Species 60 to 70, mostly in
Brazil; 2 to 3 in S.H. Asia.

JACQUEMONTIA PANICULATA, Hallier f. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XVI. 541;
XVIII. 95. A slender climber; stems twining, puberulous. Leaves
ovate-cordate, acute, entire, pubescent beneath, puberulous at length
glabrescent above, 1:5 to 3 in. long, 1 to 2 in. wide; petiole ‘5 to 1 in.
long. Flowers axillary, in small dense many-flowered sub-capitate
cymes ; peduncles puberulous, 1 to 1:5 in. long; bracts inconspicuous.
Sepals 5, ovate-cordate, pubescent, :25 in. long, not altered in fruit.
Corolla tubular, ‘5 in. long; mouth narrow, limb pink or white, shortly
acutely 5-lobed. Capsule globose, glabrous, -2 in. in diam. | Seeds
glabrous. Convoluulus parviflorus, Vahl. Symb. III. 29; Roxb. Flor.
Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 51; Choisy Convolv. Or. 98, and in DC. Prod.
IX. 413; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. TV. 220. C. asclepiadeus,
Wall. Cat. 1396. Ipomea paniculata, Burm. Flor. Ind. 50, t. 21, f. 3.
I. parviflora, Pers. Synops. I. 183 (not of Vahl.).

Perak: Kampong Kota, Wray 3337!—Distris. ‘Tropical Africa,
S.E. Asia generally, Australia.

11. Merremia, Dennst.

Shrubs or herbs, usually climbing, rarely erect or prostrate; stems
very rarely winged. Leaves entire, lobed, or divided. Flowers
axillary, usually long-peduncled, solitary or in few-flowered, rarely
many-flowered cymes; bracts small. Sepals 5, sub-equal, elliptic or
lanceolate, acuminate, rarely rounded or truncate, convex, usually
slightly accrescent in fruit. Corolla campanulate, white, less often
yellow or orange, the tube with 5 vertical bands each usually marked
by 5 dark-violet lines; limb plicate, margin slightly 5-lobed. Stamens 5,
unequal, included or exserted; filaments filiform; anthers usually -
twisted; pollen never spinulose. Ovary 2-celled or occasionally
4-celled; ovules 4; style filiform; stigma 2-globose. Frwit a 4-valved
capsule, 1-4-locular, sometimes the style separating with a small stopple.
Seeds 4, rarely fewer, dull, glabrous, rarely puberulous.—DistR1p.
Species about 40, in all warm countries.

~ ae

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. _ | Wen

Corolla glabrous externally :—
Leaves not peltate :—
Leaves deeply 5-lobed; flowers large .. L. WM. vitifolia.
Leaves entire or very slightly lobed ; flowers Berane —
Sepals acuminate ; flowers yellow with a pink or purple
eye :—
Leaves acute at apex

bo

. M. hastata.

Leaves obtuse, truncate, or 3- ane at she 3. W. tridentata.
Sepals obtuse: flowers without a distinct eye :—
Leaves narrow-oblong, the lower often ovate-oblong ;
flowers white with pinkish tinge or yellowish-white or
pale yellow oc 4, M. cespitosa.
Leaves ovate-cordate, margin often ereeate or aaietl- :
flowers clear yellow ae oe .. 5. MW. convolvulacea.
Leaves peltate; flowers large < Sc .. 6. M. nymphaeifolia.
Corolla somewhat hirsute or shaggy eeeeraliee —
Leayes more or less hirsute; flowers in compact corymbose
or umbellate cymes se ac nc -. 7. M. umbellata.
Leaves quite glabrous; flowersinlaxcymes .. -. 8. MW. crispatula.

1. Merremia vitironia, Hallier f. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XVI. 552.
A large climber with slender hispidly hairy branches. Leaves cordate,
palmately 5-lobed, 2 to 6 in. across; lobes triangular acute, often
toothed or again acutely lobed; petiole -5 to 2 in. long, hispidly hairy.
Flowers in axillary 1—-7-flowered cymes ; peduncles hispidly hairy, 1 to
4 in. long, pedicels hispidly hairy, -2 to -5 in. long. Sepals ovate-
acute, hispid, -5 in. long, in fruit somewhat enlarged, -75 in. long.
Corolla campanulate, clear yellow, glabrous, 1°5 in. long and nearly
as wide, slightly irregular. Capsule depressed-globose, membranous,
2-celled, normally 4-seeded. Seeds glabrous. Verslag. Buitenzorg,
1895, 127, and Bull. Herb. Boiss. V. 379. Convolvulus vitifolius, Burm.
Fl. Ind. 45, t. 18, f. 1; Linn. Mantiss. 203; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 14;
Flor. Ind. I. 476, and ed. Carey & Wall. II. 61; Wall. Cat. 1348. C.
angularis, Burm. Fl. Ind. 46, t. 19, f. 2; Linn. Mantiss. 203; Hassk.
Pl. Jav. Rar. 519. Ipomea vitifolia, Sweet Hort. Brit. ed. II. 372;
Blume Bijdr. 709; Choisy Convolv. Or. 72, and in DC. Prod. IX. 361;
Kurz For. Flor. Burm. IT. 219; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind.
TV. 213. I. angularis, Choisy Convolv. Or. 72.

Perak: Larut, Scortechint! ANDAMANS: Port Mouat, Kurz!
Narcondam, Prain! Nicopars: Nancowry, Prain’s Collector !—
Disrris. §.H. Asia generally.

2. MERREMIA HasTATA, Hallier f. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XVI.552. A
diffuse twining biennial herb, stem angular. Leaves glabrous, hastate-
lanceolate, 2 to 3 in. long, ‘3 to ‘5 in. wide, apex acute; petiole very
short. Flowers 1 to 3 on wiry axillary peduncles as long as or longer
than the leaves; bracts very small, lanceolate. Sepals narrow,

304 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

acuminate, -3 to ‘5 in. long, glabrous. Corolla funnel-shaped, “6 in.
long, pale yellow with a purple eye; limb slightly lobed. Stamens 5;
filaments slightly hairy at the base; anthers straight. Ovary and style
glabrous; ovary 2-celled, each cell 2-ovuled. Capsule ovoid, papery,
glabrous, 2-celled. Seeds glabrous. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XVIII.117. Con-
volvulus hastatus, Desr. in Lamk Encyc. Meth. III. 547. C. filicaulis,
Vahl Symb. IIT. 24. C. denticulatus, Spreng. Syst. I. 603. C. medius,
Roxb. Flor. Ind. I. 474, and ed. Carey & Wall. II. 56; Wall. Cat. 1346
(not of Linn.). C. Blumez, Dietr. Syn. Pl. I. 675. Ipomaa denticulata,
R. Br. Prod. I, 485; Bot. Reg. t. 317 (not of Choisy). JI. filicauls,
Bl. Bijdr. 721; Choisy Convolv. Or. 66; DC. Prod. IX. 353. I. Blumer,
Steud. Nomencl. I. 815. J. angustifolia, Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit.
Ind. IV. 205 (not of Jacq., nor of Choisy). Rheede Hort. Malab. XI. t. 55.
Perak: Larut, Scortechini 1388! 1833! Kwala, &e., Wray 859!
1751! Sungah Ryah, King’s Collector 996! Prnane: Batu Gaja, &.,
Deschamps! Mauacca: Griffith! Tanjong Kling and Bukit Bruang,
Hervey! Panane: Pekan, Ridley! Katapang, Ridley 1236! Srnea-
PoRE: Hullett 69! 2321 King’s Collector 1174! King !—DisrRis.
Throughout §.H. Asia, Tropical Africa, and Australia.
3. MERREMIA TRIDENTATA, Hallier f. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XVI. 552.
A diffuse glabrous herb with a woody rootstock giving off many closely
decumbent elongated stems. Leaves glabrous, hastate-oblong, or
spathulate-linear, or sub-quadrate, ‘5 to ‘8 in. long, 15 to ‘5 in. wide,
apex obtuse truncate or 3-toothed; petiole 0. Flowers 1 to 3 on wiry
axillary peduncles as long as or longer than the leaves; bracts very
small, lanceolate. Sepals ovate, acuminate, :25 to °35 in. long. Corolla
funnel-shaped, 4 to ‘5 in. long, yellow with pink eye; limb slightly
lobed. Stamens 5. Capsule ovoid, papery, glabrous, 2-celled. Seeds
glabrous. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XVIII. 116. Convolvulus tridentatus,
Linn. Sp. Pl. 157; Roxb. Fl. Ind. I. 475, and ed. Carey & Wall. II. 56;
Wall. Cat. 1347. Hvolvulus tridentatus, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. II. 392.
Ipomea tridentata, Roth Cat. Bot. Il. 19; Choisy Convoly. Or. 66,
and in DC. Prod. IX. 353 ; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 205.
Mauacca: Griffith 5861/1 (K.D.)! Maingay 1147 (K.D.)! Jonore:
Batu Pahat, Ridley 11,114!—Distris. India generally, Africa, Bangka.
4. Merremia cmsprtosa, Hallier f. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XVI. 552. A
sparsely hairy or glabrescent annual or biennial slender twining or
creeping herb. Leaves narrowly oblong, the lower often sub-cordate ©
and ovate-oblong, sometimes slightly hastately lobed, 1°5 to 2°5 in. long,
‘5 in. wide; petiole -25 to ‘5 in. long. Flowers cymose, few or many
on slender peduncles 1 to 3 in. long; bracts minute, persistent. Sepals
elliptic-obtuse, -25 in. long, margins when dry often inflexed above.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 305

Corolla sub-campanulate, ‘75 in. long, white with a pinkish tinge or
yellowish-white or yellow. Ovary 2-celled, each cell 2-ovuled. Capsule
ovoid, 25 in, long, papery, 1-celled, with only a trace of the original
dissepiment near the base. Seeds glabrous. Bull. Herb. Boiss. V. 382.
Convoluulus cespitosus, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 14, Flor. Ind. I. 483, and
ed. Carey & Wall. II. 70; Wall. Cat. 1357. C. Benthamiu, Wall. Cat.
1393. Hewittia cespitosa, Steud. Nomencl. Bot. ed. IL. i. 7857.
Skinneria cespitosa, Choisy Convolv. Or. 105, t. 6, and in DC. Prod. IV.
435. Ipomea linifolia, Bl. Bijdr. 721; Choisy DC. Prod. IX. 369;
Benth. Fl. Austr. [V. 423; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 205.
I. setulosa, Zoll. & Mor. Syst. Verzeichn. 51.

PERAK: Larut, King’s Collector 2486! Mauacca: Griffith!
SineaPpore: Kurz 2976! Hullett 127! 387! King! King’s Collector
1193 !—Disrrip. HE. Himalaya, Indo-China, Malay Archipelago,
Australia.

5. MERREMIA CONVOLVULACEA, Dennst. Schl. Hort. Malab. 39. A
much-twining glabrous or casually hirsute often muricated herb.

- Leaves ovate-cordate, acute, glabrous, margin usually crenate or

toothed, sometimes 3-lobed, 1 to 2 in. long, ‘5 to 1 in. wide; petiole
‘°O to Zin. long. Flowers numerous, rather densely cymose, on axillary
peduncles -5 to 3 in. long; bracts small, caducous. Sepals elliptic,
glabrous, *2 in. long, ultimately sub-patent, margins often at length
sub-involute. Corolla funnel-shaped, externally glabrous, yellow, 5 to
‘6 in. long. Capsule ovoid, sub-angular, at the apex rather thicker
than elsewhere and often depressed, -25 in. long; cells 2. Seeds
puberulous. IM. hederacea, Hallier f. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XVIII. 168,
and Verslag. Buitenzorg 1895, 126. Hvolvulus hederaceus, Burm.
Hl. Ind. 77, t. 30, £2. Convolvulus flavus, Willd. Sp. Pl. 852.
C. strictus, Vahl Symb. IIT. 28. C. dentatus, Vahl Symb. III. 25;
Roxb. Flor. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 62; Wall. Cat. 1349.
Ipomea striata, Poir. in. Lamk Eneyc. Meth. Suppl. IV. 632 (not of
Roth). JI. dentata, Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. Syst. IV. 789. J. sub-
iriflora, Zoll. & Mor. Verzeichn. 51.

PERAK: Durian, King’s Collector 397! Larut, Scortechint 1832!
Pawane : Khol, Ridley 2168! JoHore: Serom, Ridley! Sincaprore:
Dorward !—Distris. S§.EH. Asia, Africa, Australia.

6. MERREMIA NYMPH#IFOLIA, Hallier f. Verslag. Buitenzorg, 1895,
127. A large woody climber. Leaves orbicular-ovate, shortly acuminate,
entire, glabrous on both surfaces, peltate with a rounded or slightly
retuse base, 6 to 10 in. long, 5 to 8 in. wide, the floral leaves more
deeply cut and at times cordate with a narrow sinus. lowers large, in
loose 4~15-flowered cymes on a common peduncle sometimes shorter

306 Flora of the Malayan Penimsula.

than the petioles, sometimes longer than the leaves. Sepals broad,
obtuse, coriaceous, nearly equal, in flower ‘75 in., in fruit nearly 1 in.
long. Corolla wide-campanulate, 2 to 2°5 in. long, glabrous externally,
yellow or white or purplish. Stamens 5; anthers hirsute. Capsule
sub-globose, 1 in. in diam. Seeds pilose. Ipomea nymphezfolia, Bl.
Bijdr. 719; Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIIT. 2, 107. LI. Rumphu,
Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 605. J. peltata, Choisy, Convolv. Or. 70, and in
DC. Prod. IX. 359; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 605; Benth. Flor. Austral.
IV. 408; Bak. Flor. Maurit. 208. Convolvulus peltatus, Linn. Sp. Pl.
1194. Spiranthera peltata, Boj. Hort. Maurit. 226. Operculina peltata,
Hallier f. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XVI. 549; XVIII. 119. Chiroma
lanosanthera, Nav. & Fernand. Vill. in. Blanco Flor. Fil. ed. III. Ic. II.
teQolot: 1

Perak: Pangkor, Scortechini 1074! Ridley 7158!—Distrip. Masca-
renes, 5.H. Asia, Australia, Polynesia.

7. MERREMIA UMBELLATA, Hallier f. Eng. Bot. Jahrb. XVI. 552;
var. orientalis, Verslag. Buitenzorg, 1895, 132, and Bull. Herb. Boiss.
V. 381. A climbing softly hairy or almost glabrous shrub, stems often ~
15 to 20 feet long. Leaves cordate or hastate, elliptic or oblong,
obtuse or shortly acute, entire or very rarely sinuate or angled, nerves
rather distinct, softly hairy on both surfaces, or only beneath and
glabrous except the nerves above, rarely quite glabrous above and only
hairy on the nerves beneath; length 1:5 to 4 in., width 1 to 3 in.;
petioles often softly hairy, 2 to-6 in. long. Flowers in compact corym-
bose cymes on axillary usually softly hairy peduncles ‘5 to 1 in. long;
pedicels -2 to 1 in. long; bracts caducous. Sepals elliptic, obtuse, entire
or mucronate, hairy or glabrous, -25 to 3 in. long. Corolla tubular-
campanulate, white, or white with a yellow tinge, 1 to 1:5 in. long,
lobes short, at first hirsute externally. Capsule globose, glabrous, °3 in.
wide. Seeds patently hirsute with blackish hairs. Convolvulus blandus,
Roxb. Hort. Beng. 13); Flor. Ind. I. 470, and ed. Carey & Wall. II. 50, 70;
Wall. Cat. 1842. C. cymosus, Lamk Eneycl. Meth. III. 556. C. penta-
gonus, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 14, Flor. Ind. I. 485, and ed. Carey & Wall. IT.
72; Wall. Cat. 1343. C. Rothw, Spreng. Syst. I. 600. Ipomea cymosa,
Roem. & Schult. Syst. IV. 241; Blume Cat. Gewachs. Buitenz. 50 ;
Choisy Convoly. Or. 79, and in DC. Prod. IX. 871; Bot. Reg. 1843, t. 24;
Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. VI. 211. TI. bifida, Roth Nov. Sp.
118. J. Heynet, Roem. & Schult. Syst. IV. 237. J. Rothiw, Roem. &
Schult. Syst. IV. 241. J. Olanda, Sweet Hort. Brit. ed. II. 372.
I. caliginosa, Choisy Convolv. Or. 79, and in DC. Prod. IX. 370.

Prerak: Thaipeng, Scortechin ! Krian, Scortechim! Larut, King’s
Collector! Prnane: Wallich! King! Deschamps! SELANGOR:

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, 307

Fiidley! ANDAMANS: very common. Nicopars: Kurz! Prain /—
Distris. EH. and §.E. Asia, Tropical Africa.

Var. occidentalis, Hallier f. Verslag. Buitenzorg 1895, 127. Leaves
wide-cordate, softly hairy on both sides, 4 in. long, 3°5 in. wide ; cymes
umbellate ; corolla yellow. Convolvulus wmbellatus, Wall. Cat. 2329.
Ipomea umbellata, Mez Prim. Flor. Esseq. 99. J. cymosa, var. culta,
Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXITI. 2, 108.

- Perak: Sungah Ryah, Kunstler 912!—Disrris. Bengal, naturalised;
Tropical America.

8. MERREMIA CRISPATULA, Prain Beng. Pl. Il. 730; var. anda-
manica, Prain. A large glabrous scandent herb. Leaves ovaite-cor-
date, acuminate, margins entire or faintly undulate, glabrous on both
surfaces, 3 to 4 in. long, 2°5 to 4 in. wide; petiole 1 to 1:5 in. long.
Flowers in axillary few-flowered cymes, peduncles 1:5 to 2 in. long,
pedicels -75 to 1:25 in. long, thickened upwards. Sepals orbicular,
‘Od in. long, in fruit -75 in. long. Corolla campanulate, limb hardly
lobed, tube hirsute externally, yellow, 1:25 in. long. Capsule sub-
orbicular, ‘75 in. across. Seeds minutely velvety, margins somewhat
shaggy. Ipomea petaloidea, var. andamanca, Prain Journ. As. Soe.
Beng. LXITT. 2, 110.

AnpDAmMANS: §. Andaman, common.

This is in all probability specifically distinct from Merremia crispatula (Ipomea
petaloidea, Choisy), but it seems preferable to treat it for the moment as a variety of that
species and not as a new species, because of its remarkable resemblance to Merremia
Riedeliana, Hallier f. (Ipomea Riedeliana, Oliv.), and Merremia mammosa, Hallier f.
(Ipomea mammosa, Choisy). From the former, as described and figured by Oliver,
this differs in having a‘4-celled ovary with 1 ovule in each cell, whereas MW. Riedeliana
has a 2-celled ovary with 4, sometimes 5, ovules in each cell. From M. mammosa, as
figured by Rumphius, this differs in having obtuse calyx-lobes and a shaggy corolla ;
Rumphius’ figure shows the sepals acute and the corolla glabrous. This plant appears
to be the same thing as Convolvulus platypeltis, Span., from Timor, and if it proves to
be distinct alike from M. Riedeliana and M.mammosa, which last is cited by Dr. Hallier

as an Andaman plant, though we have no authentic example of MW. mammosa from
the Andamans at Calcutta, the name it should bear will be Werremia platypeltis.

12. OpEeRcuLINA, Manso.

Large herbaceous climbers ; stems, peduncles and petioles usually
winged. Leaves large, entire or lobed, rarely peltate. Flowers large,
showy, axillary, solitary or often in few-flowered cymes. Sepals 5, large,
ovoid, glabrous, accrescent in fruit and ultimately irregularly splitting
from the tip. Corolla infundibuliform, rarely campanulate ; tube with
5 vertical smooth bands. Stamens 5; filaments filiform; anthers large,
at length contorted ; pollen never spinulose. Ovary 2-celled, glabrous ;
ovules 4; style filiform; stigma 2-globose. Fruit a capsule, not

22

308 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

opening by valves; the epicarp circumscissile above the middle, the
cap in separating carrying away the style; the endocarp at first entire,
at length rupturing irregularly. Seeds usually solitary, rarely more
than one, black, smooth or furred, usually large.—Distris. Species
15, tropics generally.

Stems winged; bracts large, coloured ; flowers white or pale yellow ;

leaves softly pubescent, not palmate ae .. L. O. Turpethum.
Stems not winged ; bracts small: flowers brilliant salle leaves
glabrous, deeply palmately lobed és ate .. 2. O. tuberosa.

1. OpERcULINA TuURPETHUM, Manso En. Pl. Bras. 16, n. 49. A
stout softly pubescent climber, with strong twining 4-angled or com-
pressed less often sub-cylindric winged stems, wings membranous.
Leaves large, ovate or oblong, obtuse or acute, 2 to 5 in. long, | to 3 in.
wide, base cordate or truncate; petiole 1 in. long. Flowers axillary, in
few-flowered cymes; peduncles 1 to 4in. long; bracts oblong, 1 in. long,
sometimes pinkish-purple, caducous. Sepals 5, ovate, softly pubescent,
‘5 in. long; in fruit accrescent orbicular, concave, scarious and fissile,
lin. long. Corolla white or pale yellow, tubular-campanulate, 1°5 in.
long. Stamens 5, included, anthers at length contorted. Capsule globose,
*3 to °75 in. across. Seeds 4 or fewer, glabrous. MHallier f. Engl. Bot.
Jahrb. XVIII. 120, and Verslag. Buitenzorg, 1895, 128. Convolvulus
Turpethum, Linn. Sp. Pl. 155; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 14, Flor. Ind. ed.
Carey & Wall. II. 57, and Flor. Ind. I. 476; Wall. Cat. 1871; Bot.
Mag. t. 2093; Hassk. Pl. Jav. Rar. 518. C. anceps, Linn. Mantiss. 43.
C. triqueter, Vahl Symb. Ill. 30. Ipomea Turpethum, RB. Br. Prod.
I. 485; Bot. Reg. t. 279; Chois. Convolv. Or. 68, and in DC. Prod.
IX. 360; Kurz For. Flor. Burm. II. 218; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit.
Ind. IV. 212. TI. anceps, Roem. & Schult. Syst. [V. 231; Bl. Bijdr. 714;
Choisy Convolv. Or. 68, and in DC. Prod. TX. 360. J. triquetra, Roem. &
Schult. Syst. IV. 231. Spiranthera Turpethum, Boj. Hort. Maurit. 226.
Argyreia alulata, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. Il. 587.

AnpAMANS: Narcondam, Prain! Nuicopars: Kamorta, Kurz!
Mauacca: Griffith !—Distrip. EH. Africa, §.H. Asia, Australia,
Polynesia.

2. OPERCULINA TUBEROSA, Meissn. in Mart. Fl. Bras. VII. 212. A
stout glabrous climber with strong twining smooth or muricate stems.
Leaves large, ovate, deeply palmately lobed; lobes elliptic-lanceolate,
acuminate, entire, 3 to 5 in. across; petiole 2 to 5in. long. Flowers
axillary in many-flowered cymes; peduncles 2 to 6 in. long; bracts
deciduous ; pedicels -25 to 1 in. long. Sepals 5, elliptic-oblong, obtuse ;
accrescent in fruit and spreading, ultimately 2 in. long, 1 to 1:5 in. wide.
Corolla yellow, tubular-campanulate, 2in. long. Stamens 5, included,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 309

anthers twisted. Capsule globose, ‘3 in. wide; peduncle somewhat
thickened. Seeds furred along the angles. MHallier f., in Engl. Bot.
Jahrb. XVI. 476, 549; XVIII. 119; Verslag. Buitenzorg 1895, 128,
and Bull. Herb. Boiss. VII. 410. Ipomea tuberosa, Linn. Sp. Pl, 160;
Choisy in DC. Prod. IX. 362 (partly).

SInGAPORE: Hullett 645, in cultivation.—Distrip. America, Africa,
India, Malaya, New Caledonia.

LEPISTEMON, Bl.

Stout climbing herbs, with villous stems. Leaves cordate, often
more or less lobed. lowers in very dense axillary cymes; bracts
narrow, deciduous. Sepals 5, sub-equal, herbaceous, hispid or glabrous,
acute or obtuse. Corolla small, yellowish-white; tube hirsute ex-
ternally, narrowed and shortly cylindric at base, urceolate above; limb
‘shortly 5-lobed. Stamens 5, included ; filaments dilated at their bases
into 5 sub-equal, concave scales arched over the ovary; disk large
ecupular. Ovary 2-celled; ovules 4; style very short; stigma 2-partite,
sub-capitate. Fruit a 4-valved capsule. Seeds glabrous.—DiIstTRIB.
‘Species 3, S.H. Asiatic and African.

LEPISTEMON FLAVESCENS, Bl. Bijdr. 722. A climber with stout
fulvous-villous stems. Leaves ovate-cordate, acute, entire or often
distinctly 3-lobed, densely tawny-tomentose on both surfaces; 3 to 5 in.
wide; petiole 1 to 2 in. long. Flowers yellowish-white in closely 10-
30-flowered axillary cymes, sessile or on short peduncles 25 to ‘5 in.
long; bracts tawny-hirsute, -2 in. long, deciduous. Sepals 5, rather
narrowly ovate to lanceolate, sub-acute to rather finely acuminate,
densely patently sub-strigose, -35 to ‘4 in. long. Corolla narrow and
hyaline at the base, membranous and from slightly to widely urceolate
above; tube hirsute externally ; limb widely infundibuliform. Stamens
5, the basal processes papillose or hirsute, included in the lower part of
the corolla-tube and overarching the short style; filaments glabrous,
included in the upper part of the corolla-tube. Ovary 2-celled; ovules
4; style very short ; stigma 2-lobed, lobes sub-globose. Capsule ovoid,
glabrous, 2-celled, 4-valved, -25 in. long, normally 4-seeded. Seeds
glabrous. Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 629; Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng.
LXIII. 2, 111; Wight Ic. t. 18362; Choisy in DC. Prod. IX. 348. JL.
Wallichu, Choisy Convolv. Or. 61, and in DC. Prod. IX. 348; Clarke in
Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 216. Convolvulus cephalanthus, Wall.
Cat. 1402. C. binectariferus, Wall. in Roxb. Flor. Ind. ed. Carey &
Wall. II. 47. Vallaris controversa, Spreng. Syst. cur. post. 68.
Ipomea Wallichw, Steud. Nomencl. Bot. Nemodon sp., Griff. Notul.
TV. 286.

310 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

PerRAK: Larut, Scortechim nu. 1544! Goping, King’s Collector 987 !
1059!—Disrris. Assam, Tenasserim, Chittagong, Java, Borneo,
Philippines.

The three gatherings from Perak agree with each other in every respect. They
differ from the plant as it occurs in Tenasserim, in having a more widely urceolate
corolla and even longer and more lanceolate sepals; at the same time they differ
from the plant as it occurs in the Malay Archipelago, in having the sepals narrowly
lanceolate and acuminate, instead of ovate and sub-acute. As regards corolla,
however, they are exactly like the species as it occurs elsewhere in Malaya. Since
the Perak plant combines the characters of the two previously recognised species—
L. Wallichit with long acuminate sepals and L. flavescens with wide-urceolate corolla—
it appears to afford conclusive proof of the suggestion already made by Clarke, l.c.,
that the Assamese and the Malayan plants are no more than forms of one somewhat
variable species. An Indian form occurs in Travancore; this has been characterised
by Stapf as a distinct species, L. leiocalyx, probably quite justly, since the Travancore
plant has quite glabrous and obtuse sepals: the same form occurs in Chittagong ;
otherwise, however, the Indian plant agrees with the forms reported from Indo-China
and Malaya.

Irpoma@a, Linn.

Herbs, rarely shrubs, twining or prostrate, less often sub-erect or
erect. Leaves alternate, entire lobed or divided. Flowers axillary,.
solitary or in cymes, the cymes rarely paniculate, or in terminal spikes ;
bracts various. Sepals 5, ovate or linear, equal or unequal. Corolla
campanulate or infundibuliform; limb plicate, very slightly 5-lobed.
Stamens 5, included or very rarely exserted; filaments filiform or
dilated at the base, often somewhat unequal; anthers straight or con-
torted; pollen spinulose. Ovary 1-3-celled, rarely 4-celled; ovules 4,
rarely 6; style filiform; stigma capitate, entire or 2-3-globose, rarely
stigmas 2, linear. Fruit a 4-6-valved capsule, rarely indehiscent. Seeds
4, less often 6, rarely solitary, glabrous, bearded, or uniformly velvety
or woolly.—DistRis. Species about 300, throughout the tropics.

Leaves softly pubescent or densely hirsute on both surfaces :—
Leaves deeply 5-7-lobed; flowers densely capitate with a

whorl of involucrant bracts 25 Ble .. 1. I. Pes-Tigridis..
Leaves entire or slightly 3-lobed; flowers in congested
cymes, with often one of the bracts foliaceous oe) Dale enatis

_ Leaves glabrous or only slightly hirsute or pubescent :—
Leaves all deeply 5- or more-lobed, glabrous :—
Leaves digitately 5-lobed, lobes nearly if not quite
distinct at the base; flowers more or less white ac) Os Le PULCReUlane
Leaves palmately 5-7-lobed, lobes not as a rule more
than three-fourths cut to the base; flowers purplish-
pink te ae eo, oe Re
Leaves entire or slightly obed or if (rarely) deeply lobed the
lobes only 2 :—
Flowers in few-flowered axillary cymes :—
Cymes corymbose and lax or flowers 2 or solitary :—

4. I. paniculata.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 311

Terrestrial, firm-stemmed plants :—
Flowers purple :—
Leaves ovate-cordate, acute or acuminate, entire
or more or less lobed :—
Cultivated species with tuberous edible roots,
often without flowers, rarely with seeds -. 5. I. Batatas.
Wild plants or if grown in gardens with the
roots not edible :—
Large stout climbers on bushes near sea-
coasts; flowers large, 4 in. rae sepals
obtuse .. 6. I. wlustris.
Slender climbers ; flowers never more than
15 in. long; sepals acute or acuminate :—
Climbing or trailing herbs on sea-beaches ;

flowers 1°5 in. long : 7. I. denticulata.
Climbing herbs in sondeae. or Pander
escapes; flowers -5 in. long 8. I. triloba.
Leaves oblong, obtuse or 2-lobed ; littoral agile
binding creepers ea . 9. I. Pes-Capre.

Flowers white or yellowish-white ; leanen pblone or

linear-oblong, emarginate, sometimes lobed, occa-

sionally lyrate; littoral sand-binding creepers .. 10. I. littoralis.
Aquatic or palustrine herbs; stems soft, thick and
spongy, trailing and rooting on wet mud or ity

in ponds and ditches; flowers purple .. . 11. I. reptans.
Cymes subumbellate, dense; flowers pale purple, or
white with a darker purple eye .. 12. I. sagittefolia.

Flowers in many-flowered rather pondered axillary (13. I. staphylina,
panicles; flowers white, slightly tinged with pink VAR. malayana.

1. Ipoma@a Prs-Tierivis, Linn. Sp. Pl. 162. A hirsute twining herb;
stems patently hirsute. Leaves hirsute on both surfaces, deeply
5-9-lobed, lobes elliptic, PCUnEE I, narrowed at the base; length
1 to 5 in., width 1 to 4 in.; petiole 1 to 2 in. long. Flowers densely
capitate, on axillary Hicsate peduncles ‘5 to 3 in. long; the heads
surrounded by a whorl of fulvous-hirsute bracts, the outer ovate or
elliptic-oblong with cuneate or rounded bases 1 in. long, the inner
narrower acute 5 to ‘75 in. long. Sepals lanceolate, acute, tawny-
hirsute, 3 to ‘5 in. long, scarcely altered in fruit. Corolla 1:25 in.
long, sparsely strigose externally, infundibuliform with rather narrow
tube and abruptly widened mouth, pink. Capsule ovoid, ‘25 in. long,
glabrous, chartaceous. Seeds minutely velvety. Roxb. Flor. Ind. ed.
Carey & Wall. II. 93; Bl. Bijdr. 709; Wight Ic. t. 836; Choisy
-Convolv. Or. 73, and in DC. Prod. IX. 363; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor.
Brit. Ind. IV. 204; Hallier f. Bull. Herb. Boiss. V. 379. Convolvulus
Pes-Tigridis, Spreng. Syst. I. 592; Wall. Cat. 1374. C. bryoniefolius
Salisb. Prod. 125. Convolvuloides palmata, Moench. Meth. 402.
Rheede Hort. Malab. XI. t. 59.

312 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Manacca: Grifith!—Distris. Tropical Africa, 8.H. Asia generally.

2. Ipoma@a Leazt, Paxt. Bot. Mag. VI. 267. A large hirsute climber,
with perennial root. Leaves widely or deeply cordate, acute, entire or
slightly 3-lobed, softly sparingly hirsute above, more densely beneath ;
length 3 to 6 in., width 2 to 5 in.; petiole hirsute, 2 to 3 in. long.
Flowers in congested 3—7-flowered cymes on axillary softly pubescent
peduncles 3 to 7 in. long; bracts linear acuminate ‘3 to -4 in. long, with
casually a foliaceous bract 1:5 in. long, °3 to -5 in. wide, with a cuneate,
less often sub-cordate base, close to the flowers. Sepals lanceolate,
acuminate, ‘75 in. long, pubescent. Corolla abruptly campanulate
from a narrow cylindric base, tube 2°75 to 3 in. long, purple-blue or
mixed red and blue, changing with age. Fruit not seen. J. congesta,
Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 2, 104 (not of R. Br.). Pharbitis
Learii, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3928 ; Choisy in DC. Prod. IX. 348.

Smvcapore: Hullett /—Distris. Cultivated throughout the tropics,.
native of America.

Mr. Hullett, whose plant was probably an escape, notes on his specimen (Hullett
646): ‘‘ January, 1885: blue convolvulus, wild? Have never seen it in seed.”

3. Ipomaa PULCHELLA, Roth Noy. Sp. 115. A glabrous twining herb.
Leaves glabrous, digitate, 5-lobed, lobes ovate-acute, base cuneate,
central largest 1:25 to 1:5 in. long, ‘5 to °75 in. wide, basal smallest
‘*5 to °75 in. long, °3 to °5 in. wide; petiole glabrous, °75 to 2 in. long.
Flowers in axillary 1-3-flowered cymes ; peduncles -25 to 1-25 in. long;
bracts minute, deciduous; pedicels ‘5 in. long, with small ovate sub-
persistent bracteoles below the middle. Sepals ovate, glabrous, °2 to
‘25 in. long, the inner obtuse, the outer sub-acute. Corolla campanu-
late, 2 in. long, white or with a tinge of rose. Capsule globose,
glabrous, °5 in. wide. Seeds villous. Wight Ic. 158; Choisy in DC.
Prod. IX. 386. J. palmata Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 386
in part (not I. palmata, Forsk = I. cairica, Sweet).

Mauacca: Maingay. Sincapore: Tanglin, Ridley 5817 !—Distr.-
India, Indo-China.

Mr. Ridley’s specimens may be from plants escaped from cultivation; they are
noted as ‘‘from behind the stable, Tanglin.” This is one of two species often
cultivated in India under the name of the ‘‘ Railway Creeper”; the other species
so termed is the American Werremia quinquefolia, Hallier f.; the latter we have- not
yet received from the Malay peninsula, though it has already escaped and become
domesticated near Port Blair in the Andamans.

4, Ipoma@a panicuntata, R. Br. Prod. I. 486. A large scandent
perennial climber with a tuberous root; stems glabrous. Leaves
palmately 5-7-lobed, glabrous, the lobes sometimes cut almost to

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 313

the base, lanceolate or elliptic, often spathulate; length 3 to 7 in.,
width 2-5 to 6 in.; petiole 2 todin. long. Flowers in many-flowered
axillary cymes, on peduncles 2 to 6 in. long; pedicels -25 to °75 in.
long; bracts deciduous. Sepals elliptic, shortly acute, glabrous,
‘25 to °3 in. long, enlarged and concave in fruit, -4 to ‘5 in. long.
Corolla 1:5 to 2°25 in. long, glabrous externally, wide-campanulate,
purplish-pink. Stamens 5, anthers straight. Ovary 4-celled for three-
fourths of its height or throughout. Capsule ovoid, -3 in. long, 4-celled
throughout, 4-valved. . Seeds woolly with long hairs which protrude
from the chinks of the capsule. Bl. Bijdr. 709; Bot. Reg. t. 62;
Hallier f. Bull. Herb. Boiss. V. 379. Convolvulus paniculatus, Linn.
Sp. Pl. 223; Roxb. Flor. Ind. I. 478, and ed. Carey & Wall. II. 63; Wall.
Cat. 1350; Spreng. Syst. I. 591. C. platensis, Spreng. Syst. I. 591.
C. insignis, Spreng. Syst. I. 592. C. rosews, Kunth in Humb. & Bonpl.
III. 108 (not of Miller). Ipomea digitata, Linn. Syst. ed. X. 924;
Meissn. in Mart. Fl. Brasil. VII. 278; Choisy in DC. Prod. IX. 389;
Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 202. I. mauritiana, Jacq. Hort.
Schoenbr. II. 39, t. 200. I. gossypifolia, Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 208.
I. eriosperma, Beauv. Fl. Owar. & Benin II. 73, t. 105. TI. insignis,
Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 665; Bot. Reg. t. 75; Bot. Mag. t. 1790. J. twberosa,
G. F. W. Mey. Prim. Fl. Hsseq. 102. J. platensis, Ker-Gawl. Bot. Reg.
t. 333; Bot. Mag. t. 3685; Choisy in DC. Prod. IX. 387. Batatas
paniculata, Choisy Convoly. Or. 54, t. 1, f. 2, and in DC. Prod.
IX. 339; Wight Madr. Journ. Lit. [V.t.11. B. edulis, var. y, Choisy
in DC. Prod. IX. 339.

PERAK: Scortechini! Prnane: Wallich 1350! Deschamps! Sinea-
PORE: Chan-chu-kang, Ridley 3909 !—Distris. Cosmopolitan in the
tropics.

5. Ipoma@a Bararas, Lamk Hncycl. Meth. VI. 14. A trailing or
twining glabrous or sparingly hairy herb with tuberous roots; tubers
red, white, or occasionally yellow. Leaves ovate-cordate, acute, entire
or angular or somewhat lobed; 2 to 4 in. long, 2 to 3-5 in. wide; petiole
2to din. long. Flowers in few-flowered cymes, very often none pro-
- duced, on axillary peduncles 1 to 4 in. long; pedicels -25 to -d in. long;
bracts small, lanceolate, deciduous. Sepals narrowly oblong, acute, the
outer shorter, ‘5 to ‘6 in. long. Corolla 1 to 2 in. long, purplish,
glabrous externally, campanulate. Stamens 5, filaments slightly
hirsute at the base. Ovary 4-celled, glabrous, half-enveloped by the
undulate disk. Capsule 4-celled, or casually 3-l-celled by sup-
pression. Seeds glabrous. Bl. Bijdr. 712; Meissn. in Mart. FI.
Brasil. VII. 282; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 202; Hallier
f. Bull. Herb. Boiss. V. 380. J. Catesbei,G. F. W. Mey. Prim. Fl.

314 Flora of the Malayan Pemmnsula.

Hsseq. 103. Convolvulus Batatas, Linn. Sp. Pl. 154; Roxb. Flor. Ind.
I. 483, and ed. Carey & Wall. II. 69; Wall. Cat. 1356. C. indicus,
Moris. Hist, II. sect. I. t. 8, f£. 4. C. edulis, Thunb. Fl. Japon. 84. C.
esculentus, Salisb. Prod. 123. Batatas edulis, Choisy Convolv. Or. 53,
and in DC. Prod. IX. 338. B. xanthorhiza Boj. Hort. Maurit. 225.
Rumph. Herb. Amboin. V. t. 130. Rheede Hort. Malab. VII. t. 50.

Perak: Larut; Scortechini 1836! but doubtless also present in
other provinces, cultivated.

The Sweet Potato; very rarely seen in flower, still more rarely in fruit. A
native of America, but now grown throughout the tropics.

6. Ipomaa 1LLustTRIS, Prain Beng. Pl. II. 735. A glabrous climber.
Leaves ovate or oblong, cordate or hastate, entire, glabrous, apex
acuminate; nerves rather prominent; 4 to 6 in. long, 3-5 to 5 in. wide;
petiole 1:5 to 2 in. long. Flowers in axillary cymes; peduncles 1 to
1°5 in. long, usually 2-3-flowered, often 1-flowered; bracts caducous ;
pedicels ‘5 to 1:5 in. long. Sepals orbicular, obtuse, glabrous, °3 to
‘4 in. long. Corolla rather wide-campanulate, purple, 4 to 4°5 in.
long, glabrous, limb 3 in. wide. Capsule -5 in. wide, globose. Seeds
with long silky hairs. J. campanulata var. tllustris, Clarke in Hook. f.
Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 211.

_ AnpDAmANs: on the coasts, everywhere. Prenane: Pulo Boetong,
Curtis 1970!—Distrip. Coasts of Ceylon, Sunderbuns, Indo-China,
and Malay Archipelago.

This is very nearly allied to I. campanulata, Linn., which appears, however, to be
always an inland species, whereas this is always a littoral plant. JT. illustris differs

further in having flowers at least one-half larger, sepals quite glabrous, and fewer
flowers to the cyme.

7. IpPoM@A DENTICULATA, Choisy in DC. Prod. IX. 379 (not of R. Br.).
A glabrous trailing or twining littoral herb. Leaves ovate-cordate,
acute, entire denticulate angled or sub-lobate, base rather deep-
cordate with an obtuse sinus, firm in texture but hardly fleshy; 1 to
2°5 in. long, ‘75 to 1°75 in. wide; petiole 1:5 in. long. lowers axillary
on short 1-3-flowered peduncles, never more than 1°5 in. long; pedicels
(often only one) 1 to 1:25 in. long; bracts -2 in. long, linear. Sepals
elliptic, abruptly acute, sub-scarious, ‘4 in. long. Corolla 1:5 in. long,
tube funnel-shaped, abruptly widening at the mouth, purple. Ovary
2-celled. Capsule globose, 3 in. in diam., glabrous. Seeds smooth.
Benth. Fl. Austr. IV. 421; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. TV. 298;
Hallier f. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XVI. 554. JI. littoralis, Bl. Bijdr. 7138
Thw. Enum. 211 (not of Boiss.). JI. subdentata, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT.
614. J. cymosa, Bak. Fl. Maurit. 208 (not of Roem. & Schult.). J.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 315

micobarica, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. XLV. 2, 141. Convolvulus denticu-
latus, Lamk Encycl. Meth. IIT. 540.

Perak: Dindings, Scortechini 1066! Curtis 3449! Prnane:
Bagian Jumal, Curtis 1974! Panane: Rumpin, Ridley! Nicopars:
common. ANDAMANS: very common.—DistRis. Coasts of the Indian
and Pacific Oceans, from the Seychelles to Polynesia.

This species, in the writer’s experience, prefers shingle beaches, though occasionally
it is to be met with on sandy beaches along with I. biloba.

8. Ipoma@a trinopa, Linn. Sp. Pl. 229. A twining or prostrate
herb with glabrous slightly angular stem. Leaves cordate, acuminate
to an often rounded tip, entire or toothed or occasionally 3-lobed ; 1:5
to 2 in. long, 1:25 to 1:75 in. wide; petiole slender, 1°75 to 2 in. long.
Flowers in axillary 1-4-flowered cymes; peduncles 1 to 1:5 in. long;
bracts lanceolate, -2 in. long, deciduous; pedicels -25 to °35 in. long.
Sepals lanceolate, acuminate, ciliate with spreading yellowish hairs,
‘35 in. long. Corolla tubular, purple, -5 in. long. Capsule pilose.
Choisy in DC. Prod. IX. 383.

SmInGAPORE : Hullett /—Distr1p. Cultivated in the tropics; native
of America.

Under his n. 68, Mr. Hullett sent to Calcutta, in 1884, as Ipomea coccinea, a
mixture of two species, one of which is Quamoclit phenicea, the other being Ipomea
triloba; as they are not noted as cultivated it seems possible that I. triloba may
at least casually occur as an escape at Singapore. For the detection of this mixture,
which had not been observed by the writer when arranging the Calcutta Con-
volvulacee in 1894 (see Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 2, 83 et seg.), we are indebted
to Dr. H. Hallier.

9. Ipom@a Prs-Capra, Roth Nov. Sp. 109. A glabrous extensive
sand-binding creeper. eaves orbicular or oblong, obtuse emarginate
or 2-lobed ; 1 to 4 in. long and sometimes wider than long; thick, fleshy,
when dry distinctly nerved; petiole 1 to 4 in. long. Flowers in
axillary 1-3-flowered cymes; peduncles 1 to 4 in. long; bracts
‘2 in. long, lanceolate, deciduous; pedicels ‘75 to 1°5 in. long. Sepals
~ ovate, obtuse, glabrous, °5 to -6 in. long, slightly enlarged in fruit.
Corolla tubular-campanulate, glabrous, 2 in. long, purple. Capsule
ovoid, glabrous, ‘5 in. long. Seeds villous. Choisy Convolv. Or. 63, and
in DC. Prod. IX. 349; Meissn. in Mart. Fl. Brasil. VII. 256; Hallier f.
_ Bull. Herb. Boiss. V. 381. J. biloba, Forsk. Flor. Aigypt.-Arab. 44 ;
Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 212. J. maritima, R. Br. Prod.
486; Bl. Bijdr. 720; Bot. Reg. t. 319. Convolvulus Pes-Capre, Linn.
Sp. Pl. 159; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 14, Flor. Ind. I. 486, and ed. Carey &
Wall. II. 74; Wall. Cat. 1360. C. maritimus, Lamk Encyc. Meth.

316 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

III. 550. C. bilobatus, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 14, Flor. Ind. I. 485, and ed.
Carey & Wall. II. 73; Wall. Cat. 1859. Batatas maritima, Boj. Hort.
Maurit. 225. Rumph. Herb. Amboin. V. t. 159, f. 1. Rheede Hort.
Malab. XI. t. 57.

PENANG: on the coast, Deschamps /—Distris. Sea-shores of all
tropical countries.

10. Ipomaa tirtoratis, Boiss. Fl. Orient. TV. 112. A glabrous or
slightly puberulous sand-binding creeper. Leaves oblong, emarginate
or lobed, often deeply so, and sometimes linear-oblong or linear or
sub-lyrate, nerves very obscure; length 1:25 to 1°5 in., width -25 to
‘75 in.; petiole 1 in. long. Flowers in axillary 1-3-flowered cymes ;
peduncles 1 in. long; bracts -2 in. long, linear-lanceolate, sub-per-
sistent; pedicels in fruit slightly clavate, -75 to 1 in. long. Sepals
ovate-obtuse or ovate-lanceolate, ‘6 in. long, obtuse with or without a
terminal mucro. Corolla white or yellowish-white, 1:75 to 2 in. long,
campanulate. Capsule ovoid, glabrous, -4 in. long. Seeds villous.
Hallier f. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XVI. 555. JT. carnosa, R. Br. Prod. 485 ;
Benth. Fl. Austral. TV. 419; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. TV. 213.
I. acetosefolia, Roem. & Sch. Syst. IV. 246; Meissn. in Mart. Fl. Brasil.
VII. 255, t. 94. J. longifolia, Benth. Pl. Hartweg. 16; Bot. Reg.
1840, t. 21. Convolwulus littoralis, Linn. Sp. Pl. 227. C. acetosefolius,
Vahl Helog. I. 18. C. arenarws, Vahl Symb. I. 18. C. carnosus,
Spreng. Syst. I. 609. C. stolonferus, Cyril. Pl. Rar. I. t. 5. Batatas
littoralis, Choisy Convolv. Or. 124, and in DC. Prod. IX. 337. B.
acetosefolia, Choisy in DC. Prod. IX. 338.

Mauacca: Griffith. Panane: Rumpin, Ridley !—Distrip. Sea-
shores of all tropical countries.

11. Ipoma@a REpTans, Poir. Encye. Meth. Suppl. III. 460. Anannual
glabrous aquatic, stems prostrate on mud or floating on the surface
of ditches and pools, hollow and spongy, rooting at the nodes below.
Leaves elliptic-oblong, or cordate or hastate or oblong or lanceolate,,
entire or angular or sub-lobate ; 3 to 6 in. long, 1 to 2°5 in. wide; petiole
1 to 6 in. long. Flowers in axillary 1-5-flowered cymes; peduncles
2 to 7 in. long; bracts inconspicuous; pedicels 1 to 2 in. long. Sepals.
ovate, obtuse, glabrous or faintly puberulous, :4 in. long. Corolla 2 in.
long, purple, infundibuliform-campanulate. Capsule ovoid, glabrous,
3 in. long, 2-4-seeded. Seeds glabrous or very minutely closely silky. |
Bl. Bijdr. 714; Choisy Convolv. Or. 62, and in DC. Prod. IX. 349; Hallier
f. Bull. Herb. Boiss. V. 380. J. aquatica, Forsk. Flor. Aigypt.-Arab.
44; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 210. J. repens, Roth Nov.
Sp. 110; Bl. Bijdr. 713. J. swbdentata, Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 614.
Convolvulus reptans, Linn. Sp. Pl. 158; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 14. C. repens,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. . 317

Vahl Symb. I. 17; Roxb. Fl. Ind. I. 432, and ed. Carey & Wall. II.
68; Wall. Cat. 1355 (mot of Linn.). C. Adansonii, Lamk Encyc. Meth.
III. 560. Rumph. Herb. Amboin. V. t. 155, f. 1. Rheede Hort. Malab.
XI. t. 52.

AnpDAMANS: Port Blair, Prain ! and probably in some of the other
provinces.—Distris. Tropics of the Eastern Hemisphere.

12. IpPom@a sacitT#FoxiA, Burm. Flor. Ind. 50. A perennial glabrous
or at times pubescent or hirsute twining herb. Leaves ovate-cordate,
acute, glabrous or sometimes pubescent, entire or sinuate, rarely
lobed, basal lobes usually rounded; length 1 to 2°5 in., width -75—2 in. ;
petiole 1 to 2 in. long. Flowers in axillary peduncled sub-umbellate
cymes; peduncles ‘5 to 7 in. long; bracts small, lanceolate, caducous ;
pedicels -3 to ‘5 in. long, in fruit thickened and clavate. Sepals ovate,
sub-obtuse, slightly puberulous, -2 in. long, when dry slightly muriculate
externally. Corolla pale purple or white with a purple eye, 1:5 to 2 in.
long; tube cylindric, limb abruptly explanate. Capsule ‘25 to °3 in.
long, ovoid, 2-4-seeded. Seeds furred. JI. sepiaria, Koen. ex Roxb.
Hort. Beng. 14, Flor. Ind. I. 500, and ed. Carey & Wall. II. 90; Choisy
Conyoly. Or. 82, and in DC. Prod. IX. 370, Wight Ic. t. 838; Clarke in
Hook, f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 209. I. striata, Roth Nov. Sp.111. I. Heynez,
Wall. Cat. 1387. Convolvulus maximus, Vahl Symb. III. 26. C. strictus,
Vahl Symb III. 27. C. marginatus, Lamk Encye. Meth. III. 558.
C. sepiarius, Wall. Cat. 1384. C. incrassatus, Wall. Cat. 1386. Rheede
Hort. Malab. XI. t. 53.

Kepaxn: at 100 feet elevation, King’s Collector 1705! Mauacca:
Merliman Road, Derry 353! Sinearore: Ridley 6660! 11261 !—
Disrris. S.E. Asia generally.

13. Ipom@a stTapHyuiIna, Roem. & Schult. Syst. IV. 249; var.
malayana, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 2. 106. A glabrous
scandent shrub over 90 feet long. Leaves glabrous, rather thick, dull
green on both surfaces, sub-acute rather prominently veined; 2°5 to
4 in. long; petiole 1 to 2 in. long. Flowers numerous in rather
dense panicles, 2°5 in. long, 2 in. wide; peduncles ‘5 to 1°5 in. long;
- bracts small, caducous; pedicels -1 to -25 in. long, mostly short. Sepals
ovate, obtuse, glabrous, *2 in. long. Corolla white, slightly tinged
with pink ; tube narrowly funnel-shaped throughout, 1 to 1:25 in. long,
‘hardly -3 in. wide at the throat, limb rather narrow, abruptly explanate.
Capsule ovoid, sub-acute, -3 in. long, 4-seeded. Seeds with long silky
hairs. Convolvulus polyanthus, Wall. Cat. 1378. Lettsomia swmatrana,
Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 560.

Penane: Porter (Wallich 1378)! Prrax: Larut, Scortechint !
King’s Collector 1119! 2538! 5091!—Distris. Sumatra.

318 . Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

This is very like typical I. staphylina, a species widespread in India, but differs
considerably in the shape and size of the corolla, that of true I. staphylina being wide-
campanulate from a very short, narrow-cylindric base, usually -5 to ‘75, very rarely
1 in. long, and ‘5 to ‘75 sometimes 1 in. wide at the limb.

15. Quamoctit, Moench.

Annual twining glabrous herbs. Leaves cordate and angled or lobed,
occasionally divided. lowers axillary, in few-flowered cymes; bracts
small. Sepals 5, sub-equal or the outer rather the smaller ; their apices
often sub-aristate. Corolla pink or red, hypocrateriform, slightly irre-
gular; tube slender or slightly infundibuliform; limb very slightly
d-lobed, spreading. Stamens 5, resupinate, much exserted; filaments
unequal. Ovary glabrous 4-celled; ovules 4; style rather longer
than the stamens; stigma 2-globose. Frwt a 4-celled 1-valved
capsule, the septa thin, persistent. Seeds 4, black, dull, puberulous
or glabrous.—Distris. Species 7, mainly American, 2 now widely
spread in the tropics of the Hastern Hemisphere.

Leaves ovate-cordate, entire or lobed oe .. L. Q. phenicea.
Leaves ovate, deeply pinnately divided into numerous caets segments 2. Q. pinnata.

1. QuUAMOCLIT PHENICEA, Chois. Convolv. Or. 51, t. 1, f. 1. A weak
climbing or sub-scandent herb. Leaves ovate-cordate acute, glabrous,
entire or lobed; 2 to 3 in. long, 2 to 2°5 in. wide; petiole 2 to 4 in. long.
Flowers in axillary lax few-flowered cymes ; peduncles slender, 2 to 6 in.
long ; pedicels erect ; bracts minute. Sepals 5, elliptic, abruptly acumi-
nate, °25-in. long, unchanged in fruit. Corolla dark-red, or variously
in cultivated forms orange or yellow; tube slender, 1 in. long; limb
salver-shaped, somewhat oblique, ‘75 in. across. Stamens 5, exserted.
Capsule smooth, ovoid, °3 in. long, completely 4-celled with membranous
persistent septa. Seeds pubescent. Choisy in DC. Prod. IX. 336;
Hallier f. Bull. Herb. Boiss. V. 1042. Convolvulus pheniceus, Spreng.
Syst. I. 596; Wall. Cat. 1372. Ipomaea phemcea, Roxb. Hort. Beng.
14, Flor. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 92, and Flor. Ind. I. 502.
I. coccinea, Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 199.

Sincapore: Hullett!—Distrip. Widely naturalised throughout
S.E. Asia, native of America.

This, as Dr. Hallier notes on a sheet in Herb. Calcutta, is much larger and
more vigorous in all its parts than is I. coccinea, with which it is usually confounded
in Eastern collections ; it differs besides in having erect and not nodding pedicels. TI.

coccinea is not, so far as is known, semi-spontaneous anywhere in §.E. Asia; the
present species is now very widespread there in a wild condition.

2. QUAMOCLIT PINNATA, Boj. Hort. Maurit. 224. A slender glabrous
twining herb. Leaves ovate in outline, deeply pinnately divided into

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 319

numerous distant linear segments, glabrous; 3 to 5 in. long, 2 to 3 in.
wide ; petioles 1 to 3in.long. Flowers in axillary lax few-flowered cymes;
peduncles slender, 2 to 4 in. long; pedicels erect, if more than one
virgate ; bracts minute. Sepals 5, elliptic, :25 in. long, hardly changed
in fruit. Corolla dark red, occasionally in cultivated varieties white ;
tube slender, 1 in. long; limb salver-shaped, somewhat oblique, -75 in.
across. Stamens 5, exserted. Capsule smooth, ovoid, ‘3 in. long, com-
pletely 4-celled with membranous persistent septa. Seeds puberulous.
Hallier f. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XVIII. 154. Q. vulgaris, Choisy Convolv.
Or. 52, and in DC. Prod. IX. 336. Convolvulus pinnatus, Desr. in Lamk
Encye. Meth. III. 567. C. Quamoclit, Spreng. Syst. I. 591; Wall. Cat.
1375. Ipomea Quamoclit, Linn. Sp. Pl. 159; Bot. Mag. t. 244; BI.
Bijdr. 708; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 14, Flor. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 93,
and Flor. Ind. I. 502; Clarke in Hook f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 199.

Penance: Batu Gaja jungles, Deschamps !—Distris. Widely
naturalised in §.H. Asia, native of America.

16. Catonyction, Choisy.

Large herbaceous climbers, stems usually muricate. Leaves large,
cordate, entire or angled. Flowers solitary or in few-flowered axillary
cymes; bracts caducous. Sepals 5, herbaceous, smooth, usually
aristate, sub-equal or the outer smaller. Corolla large, salver-shaped,
white or rose-purple ; tube narrow-cylindric ; limb plicate. Stamens 5,
adnate to corolla-tube, considerably exserted. Ovary glabrous, 2-
locular; ovules 4; style filiform; stigma 2-globose. Fruit a 4-valved
capsule. Seeds 4, dull, glabrous.—Species 6 to 7, all tropical American,
2 now widespread and sub-spontaneous in the tropics of the Hastern
Hemisphere.

CALONYCTION BONA-NOX, Boj. Hort. Maurit. 227. A large climber,
stems smooth or muricate, glabrous. Leaves ovate-cordate, acute,
glabrous, entire or casually lobed; 3 to 8 in. long, 2 to 4 in. wide; petiole
3 to 6 in. long. Flowers on axillary 1-5-flowered peduncles, 2 to 6 in.
long ; bracts caducous. Sepals 5, usually ovate, obtuse with a mucro,
_ very slightly enlarged in fruit, glabrous; -5 in. long. Corolla 3 in.
long; tube linear, -2 in. wide; limb salver-shaped, 3 to 5 in. wide, white.
Stamens 5, slightly unequal, distinctly exserted. Capsule ovoid-oblong,
narrowed upwards, 1 in. long; peduncle in fruit slightly thickened.
Seeds glabrous. Hallier f. Bull. Herb. Boiss. V. 1028. C. noctilucum,
Don in Sw. Hort. Brit. ed. III. 482. C. speciosum, Choisy Mem. Soc.
Gen. VI. 441, t. 1, f. 4, and in DC. Prod. IX. 345; Hallier f. Engl. Bot.
Jahrb. XVI. 556; XVIII. 153. C. Rorburghii, G. Don Gen. Syst. IV-
263. Convolvulus aculeatus, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. I. 155. C. bona-nox

320 Flora of the Malayan Penimsula.

Spreng. Syst. I. 600. C. grandiflorus, Linn. f. Suppl. 1386; Willd. Sp.
Pl. I. 2. 859; Pers. Synops. I. 179; Wall. Cat. 1370. C. latiflorus,
Desr. in Lamk Encye. Meth. III. 561. Ipomea bona-nox, Linn. Sp. Pl.
ed. II. 228; Roem. & Schult. Syst. IV. 217; Bl. Bijdr. II. 712; Kurz
For. Fl. Burm. II. 217; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 197.
I. grandiflora, Lamk Tll. I. 467, and Encye. Meth. III. 16; Roem. &
Schult. Syst. IV. 240; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 14, Flor. Ind. ed. Carey &
Wall. IT. 87, and Flor. Ind. I. 497. J. Roxburghwi, Steud. Nomencl. ed.
II. 1, 819. I. noctrflora, Griff. Not. IV. 286.

PENANG: cultivated, Haller. Sinaapore: S. Mayer 211.—Distr1s.
Throughout the tropics; possibly not truly wild in our area.

17. AreyretA, Lour.

Climbing rarely sub-erect shrubs. eaves cordate to lanceolate,
pubescent or silky. lowers axillary, usually in many-flowered cymes,
often sub-capitate ; bracts often conspicuous. Sepals 5, herbaceous in
flower ; in fruit leathery but little enlarged; often red within. Corolla
funnel-shaped, rose-purple, tube more or less hirsute externally ; limb
plicate, shortly 5-lobed. Stamens 5, included; anthers oblong, straight.
Disk annular. Ovary 4-celled; ovules 4; style filiform; stigma
2-globose. Frwit a hard dry berry. Seeds 4 or fewer, embedded in a
mealy pulp.—Distris. Species about 30,in the tropics of the Old World
chiefly, and mostly in §.H. Asia and Polynesia.

ARGYREIA OBTUSIFOLIA, Lour. Flor. Cochin-Chin. 135. A large
climber. Leaves elliptic or oblong, acute or obtuse, with or without a
sub-mucronate tip, base cuneate or occasionally rounded, upper surface
pilose, under surface silky strigose, nerves 9 to 11 pairs, often rather
distinct beneath, very oblique even in wide-leaved plants; length 5 in.,
breadth 1:5 to 3 in.; petiole -6 to ‘8 in., very rarely 1 to 15 in. long.
Flowers axillary; peduncles usually short, ‘6 to 1 in., but occasionally
1-5 to 3 in. long; cymes sub-capitate, the pedicels ‘1 to -2 in. long;
bracts ovate, ‘15 to ‘2 in. long, caducous. Sepals 5, ovate-obtuse, °25 in.
long, densely silky-strigose externally, sub-patent in fruit, pale red
within. Corolla 1:5 in. long, tubular-campanulate, densely uniformly
hirsute. externally. Capsule -4 in. in diam., globose, pericarp chayr-
taceous, pink. Seeds finely grey-velvety, hemispheric, -2 in. in diam.
Choisy in DC. Prod. IX. 333. Convolvulus obtectus, Wall. Cat. 1416.
Rivea ? obtecta, Choisy, Convolv. Or. 28, and in DC. Prod. IX. 326.
Argyreia Champtom, Benth. Fl. Hongkong, 236. <A. obtecta, Clarke
in Hook f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 186. Lettsomia Champion, Benth. &
Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ITI. 869. ;

Perak: Scortechint 13884! Kepan: Langkawi, Curtis 2852!— —

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 321

Distris. Indo-China, from the Andamans and Tenasserim to Cochin
China, Hongkong.

The two varieties distinguished in the Flora of British India can no longer be
maintained in view of the large suites of specimens reported of late years from the
Andamans, where the species is exceedingly common.

18. Letrtsomria, Roxb.

Scandent, more or less hirsute or strigose shrubs. Leaves cordate
rounded or truncate. Flowers in axillary, peduncled, corymbose or
capitate cymes; bracts conspicuous. Sepals 5, orbicular or elliptic ;
somewhat thickened and coriaceous in fruit. Corolla usually pink ; tube
infundibuliform-campanulate; limb plicate, very shortly 5-lobed.
Stamens 5, exserted or included; anthers oblong or linear, straight. Disk
annular or cupular. Ovary 2-celled; ovules 4; style filiform; stigma
2-globose. Frwit a dry berry. Seeds 4 or fewer, embedded in a
mealy pulp.—Distris. Species about 40, in tropical Africa and 8.H.
Asia.

There is not, as the writer has already explained (Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 2, 91),
any very good reason for retaining Lettsomia as a genus apart from Argyreia. In
Argyreia the ovary is completely 4-celled; in Lettsomia it is 2-celled, but not infre-
quently a partial dissepiment of smaller or larger size is to be found at the base of,
sometimes half-way up, the cell.

Capsule chartaceous; seeds usually 4, only casually fewer;
leaves cordate, softly hairy; cymes capitate; bracts large,
elliptic-oblong, sub-persistent . XL. L. peguensis.
Capsule coriaceous or sometimes pomenhed fleshy ; aesils aansilly '
1, only casually 2 :—
Cymes compact; bracts large, persistent :—
Cymes capitate, globose; bracts purple, large, orbicular-
obtuse; leaves ovate-lanceolate, sparingly adpressed-hirsute 2. L. spherocephala.
Cymes sub-capitate, hardly globose ; bracts ovate or ovate-
lanceolate, acute; leaves ovate or elliptic, base rounded or
shortly cuneate :—
Corolla 2°25 in. long; leaves chartaceous, glabrous
and shining above, a few hairs on petiole and midrib
beneath .. . 38. L. Maingayi.
Corolla 1-25 in. long ; iene deme pleco not athiating
above, hirsute beneath :—
Leaves hirsute, more especially on the nerves, beneath ;
petioles sparingly hairy .. 4 L. Ridleyt.
Leaves densely hirsute eneain peroueHorte petioles (4a. L. Ridleyi,
densely hairy VAR. velutina.
Cymes lax; bracts small, rarely He a ore foliaceous
bract in a eyme, and usually caducous :—
Sepals narrowly lanceolate, acute, spreading or sub-
reflexed in fruit; bracts lanceolate, occasionally one
large and leaf- ilk ; leaves irik softly nO on both
surfaces .. oe : . .. 95. L. adpressa.

322 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Sepals ovate or orbicular, obtuse or rarely some of them
emarginate; bracts minute, usually caducous; leaves
glabrous above :—
Sepals irregular, the three outer entire rounded,
sparingly hairy, the two inner wider deeply emarginate,
all closely embracing the base of the fruit; leaves
elliptic shortly acuminate, sparingly adpressed-pubescent
beneath .. ve .. 6. L. Curtisit.
Sepals regular or sens so, all anti: —
Corolla 1:5 to 1°75 in. long :—
Sepals sub-equal, at length almost glabrous and
somewhat spreading in fruit; leaves elliptic-oblong,
chartaceous, glabrous or very sparingly pubescent
beneath . 7. L. penangiana.
Sepals sania paptesed grey- eoutencent oe
side, the inner rather larger than the outer, closely
embracing the base of the fruit; leaves ovate-acute,
firm, sparsely hirsute with rusty hairs beneath .. 8. L. Scortechinii.
Corolla -5 to ‘75 in. long; leaves elliptic acuminate;
sepals closely embracing the base of the fruit :—
Leaves densely tawny-tomentose beneath; sepals
all softly tawny-velvety, the inner rather the
smaller; corolla :75 in. long . 9. L. rubicunda.
Leaves sparingly strigose-hirsute enentlh Ferale
sub-equal, the outer pubescent, the inner at length
almost glabrous .. ie 50 .. 10. L. Kunstleri.

1. LeTTSoMIA PEGUENSIS, Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 193.
A large climber, sometimes 50 feet long, with villous stems and
branches. Leaves ovate, ovate-lanceolate or sub-orbicular, apex acute,
base cordate; both surfaces densely softly hairy, tomentum fulvous but
not acicular; length 4 to 6 in., width 1°5 to 3:5, rarely 5 to 6 in.; petiole
1:5 to 4in. long. Flowers in axillary capitate cymes; peduncles 5 to
9 in. long; bracts sub-persistent, densely softly hairy, elliptic-oblong,
1 in. long. Sepals 5, the outer elliptic acute, rather larger than the
inner lanceolate, densely hispid; ‘5 to ‘7 in. long. Corolla infundi-
buliform-campanulate, softly sparsely hairy externally, 2 in. long; limb
and upper two-thirds of tube bright pink, base of tube nearly or quite
white. Berry when ripe glossy brown, sub-globose, thin-walled, :25 in.
across. Seeds usually 2 or 4. Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 2,
94. L. strigosa, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 13, ex Wall. Cat. sub. n. 1404. L.
capitata, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 591. Argyreia capitata, Choisy in
DC. Prod. IX. 332, partly and excluding var. fp. conferta: Kurz For.
Flor. Burm, II. 216 mainly. Convolvulus strigosus, Wall. Cat. 1365/2,
1365/c, and 1365/n partly. C. barbiger, Wall. Cat. 1404/1, 1404/2 in
part. Argyreia barbigera, Choisy Convoly. Or. 42, and in DC. Prod.
IX. 332.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, 323

Perak: Batu Kuran, Scortechini 1628! near Goping, King’s
Collector 1077! Larut, King’s Collector 2622! near Ulu Kerling, King’s
Collector 8627! Penane: Bateh Pulo, Deschamps ! SELANGOR: Woods
at Gua Batu, Ridley 8210! 8227! 10194!—Distrip. Burma, Tenas-
serim, Sumatra, Java.

Probably only a geographical form of Lettsomia strigosa, Roxb., which is widespread
in Indo-China and extends to S. China.

2. LETTSOMIA SPHHROCEPHALA, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng.
UXXITT. 2,19. A shrubby climber; branches irregularly angled, with
ridged bark brownish on young shoots, pale straw-coloured on older
twigs, sparingly beset with adpressed acicular hairs. Leaves ovate-
lanceolate, apex acute, base rounded, purplish beneath, very sparingly
beset on both surfaces with adpressed hairs; length 4 to 5 in., width 1-5
to 2 in. ; petiole 1 to 1:25 in., sparsely pubescent above with adpressed
hairs. Flowers in compact capitate globose cymes 1°5 to 2 in. across, on
long slender peduncles 2 to 12 in. long, sparingly adpressed-pubescent,
surrounded by large orbicular purple involucrant sessile bracts 1:5 in.
across, sparsely hirsute externally, quite glabrous internally, the indi-
vidual flowers enveloped in similar but smaller sub-orbicular to spathu-
late bracteoles -5 in. long, ‘25 to ‘5 in. wide; pedicels short adpressed-
setose. Sepals glabrous externally except at their setose apices, the
outer sub-acute, the inner wider obtuse -25 in. long. Corolla °75 to 1 in.
long, infundibuliform-campanulate, pink, softly adpressed-hirsute exter-
nally. Berry not seen. Argyreia spherocephala, Prain MSS.

Perak: Krian, Abu Salama, Gunong Haran Ryah, Scortechiu!

A very striking and remarkable species. The corollas do not appear to be full-
sized. Scortechini, on the ticket of his Gunong Haran Ryah specimens, has written

‘fruit from Maxwell’s Hill,” but unfortunately the fruiting specimens alluded to are
not at Calcutta.

3. Lettsomia Marneayi, Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IY.
195. A large slender climber; branches slender or stoutish, with
spreading setulose hairs. Leaves ovate or elliptic, base rounded or very
shortly cuneate, apex acute or shortly caudate-acuminate, papery,
glabrous and shining on both surfaces except for a few hairs on the
midrib beneath; length 5 to 7 in., width 3 to 4in.; lateral nerves 5 to 7 ;
petioles -5 to 1 in. long, very sparsely setulose. Flowers in axillary
few-flowered cymes 2 to 3 in. wide; peduncles -25 to 2 in. long, rather
closely hirsute with tawny spreading hairs ; bracts ovate-lanceolate, 1-5
in. long, -6 in. wide, rather strongly parallel-nerved, sparingly hirsute
externally, glabrous and dark purple within; bracteoles similar but
smaller, °3 in. long. Sepals linear-lanceolate, long-acuminate, *75 in.

23

324 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

long, beset with long setulose hairs. Corolla tubular-campanulate,
purple with whitish folds, 2°25 in. long; hairy externally. Stamens
with filaments glandular-hairy at the thickened base. Berry ellipsoid,
succulent, ‘75 in. long, ‘5 in. wide. Seed solitary.

Matacca: Griffith, Maingay, Derry 318! Goodenough 1432! Prax:
Scortechin 297 !

A very distinct species. There is no fruiting specimen in Herb. Calcutta; the above
description of the berry is taken from the Flora of British India.

4. Lerrsomia Ripueyi, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIIT. 2, 92.
A large climber; branches sparingly hirsute. Leaves elliptic-acuminate,
quite glabrous above, hirsute especially on the nerves beneath; 5:5 in.
long, 3°5 in. wide ; petiole 1 to 3 in. long, sparsely hirsute. Flowers in
compact sub-capitate 8-10-flowered cymes 1°5 in. across, surrounded by
large ovate-acute sessile foliaceous persistent bracts hirsute below, quite
glabrous above, °8 in. long, -25 in. wide; bracteoles similar but smaller,
‘3 in. long; peduncles 2 to 6 in. long, hirsute. Sepals sub-equal, ovate-
lanceolate, externally pubescent, °3 in. long. Corolla pink, infundi-
ouliform-campanulate, 1:25 in. long, tube hirsute externally. Berry
ovoid, ‘5 in. long, °3 in. in diam., the sepals spreading from its base.

JOoHORE: Kota Tinggi, Ridley 4214! Chin-chin, Lake & Kelsall !
SineaporeE: Bukit Mandai, Ridley!

Var. velutina, Prain l.c. Leaves beneath densely hirsute, as are the
petioles, pedicels, and bracts externally.

Styeapore : Bukit Mandai, Ridley!

Nearest to L. spherocephala, but distinguished by the acute bracts and bracteoles,

nd to L. Maingayi, from which it differs by the smaller flowers and shorter bracts and

sepals. Var. velutina in foliage and tomentum remarkably resembles L. rubicunda,
but the acute sepals and large persistent bracts and bracteoles amply distinguish it.

5. LetrrsomiA appressA, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. IJ. 591. A scandent
shrub; branches hirsute; stems 10 to 30 feet long. Leaves elliptic,
softly hirsute on both surfaces; base rounded or cuneate, apex acute ;
length 4 to 5 in.; width 2 to 2°5 in.; petiole 1:5 in. long, softly hirsute.
Flowers in axillary few-flowered, somewhat open cymes 2 in. across ;
peduncles ‘5 to 1:5 in. long, hirsute; bracts lanceolate, hirsute, -3 in.
long, ‘15 in. wide, with an occasional longer leaf-like bract ; bracteoles
small. Sepals -3 to ‘5 in. long, narrowly lanceolate, sparingly hirsute,
spreading or sub-reflexed in fruit. Corolla tubular-campanulate, dull
claret, or pale pink and white, or white with claret stripes, externally
hairy ; tube 1:25 in. long. Berry ellipsoid, -5 in. long, °3 in. wide, at first
green with a reddish tint, becoming bright pink, and at length, when
quite ripe, reddish-brown. Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IY. 196.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 325

Convolvulus adpressus, Wall. Cat. 1424. Moorcroftia adpressa, Choisy
Convoly. Or. 49, andin DC. Prod. IX. 334.

Penane: Porter! Kunstler 1324! 5271! Curtis 318! Matacca:
Maingay! Perak: Scortechint 1280! King’s Collector 2457! 5400!
Wray 1914! 3298! 3961!

6. Lerrsomia Curtisi, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 2, 100.
A climber with brown glabrous branches. Leaves elliptic, shortly
acuminate, glabrous except for a few hairs on the midrib above,
sparingly adpressed-hirsute beneath ; length 4 to 5 in., width 2‘5«to
3 in.; petiole 2 to 3 in. long, glabrous. Flowers in axillary compound
sub-umbellate cymes, 3 in. wide, 12-16-flowered ; peduncles 4 to 10 in.
long, brown, glabrous; bracts deciduous. Sepals coriaceous, -25 in.
long, the three outer sparingly hirsute, rounded, entire, the two inner
wider, deeply emarginate, glabrous. Corolla not seen. Berry ovoid,
succulent, -75 in. long, -5 in. wide, lower third closely embraced by the
sepals.

SELANGOR: Kwala Lampar, Curtis 2158!

A very distinct species, easily differentiated by its emarginate inner sepals.

7. Lerrsomia PENANGIANA, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. III. 592. A
climber with very slender stems sometimes 100 feet long, young branches
thin, fulvous-tomentose, soon becoming glabrous. Leaves elliptic-
oblong, base rounded or cuneate, apex acute or sub-acute, papery,
medium green glabrous above, very light green and glabrous or
sparingly adpressed-pubescent and more closely hairy on the midrib
beneath ; 6 in. long, 2°5 in. wide; petiole 5 to 1 in., glabrous. lowers
in lax axillary cymes 2 to 3 in. across, the terminal flower usually
longer than the others ; peduncles slender, 2 to 6 in. long, very sparsely
hirsute, soon glabrous ; pedicels 3 to-7 in. long, slender, hirsute ; bracts
minute. Sepals ovate-obtuse, sparingly hairy and at length glabrescent,
*2 in. long, at length spreading or sub-reflexed. Corolla tubular-
campanulate, externally hirsute, bright claret or purple within, paler
without, 1°5 to 1:75 in. long. Berry ovoid, -6 in. long, °3 in. wide, rose-
pink, reddish-blue, or purple. Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind.
TV. 196; Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 2, 99. Convolvulus
penangianus, Wall. Cat. 1425. Moorcroftia penangiana, Choisy Convoly.
Or. 50, t. 4., and in DC. Prod. IX. 335.

PrenanG: Porter! Curtis 1586! PrRak: very common; Scorie-
chim 1147! Wray 2061! 2095! 2334! 2733! Curtis 2034! Derry!
King’s Collector 1936! 2048! 2574! 3223! 5339!

Var. reticulata, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 2,100. Leaves
thicker, secondary nerves beneath very distinct.

326 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.
Perak: Larut, King’s Collector 8544 !

The leaves of this species are very characteristically glandular-punctate beneath.
The peduncles and pedicels of var. reticulata are rather shorter than in the type and
the corolla, described by Kunstler as ‘‘ waxy white, pale blue inside,” is only two-
thirds the length and only half the width of that of L. penangiana proper. But the
leaves have the same characteristic glandular punctulation and are similarly
sparingly adpressed-pubescent beneath, while the fruit, described by Kunstler as a
rich pink, is indistinguishable from that of L. penangiana. This form, therefore,
though yery distinct, cannot yet be more than vavietally separated.

8. LetrsomiaA ScoRTECHINII, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 2,
98. A strong climber; stems rusty-brown, very sparingly pubescent.
Leaves ovate-acute, base rounded, firmly sub-coriaceous, very sparsely
hirsute with scattered rusty hairs beneath, glabrous above ; length 2 to
3 in., width 1 to 2 in.; petiole ‘5 to 1 in., minutely sparingly rusty-
pubescent. Flowers in open 3-8-flowered corymbose cymes 1 to 1°5 in.
across ; peduncles minutely sparingly rusty-pubescent, 2 to 5 in. long ;
bracts caducous. Sepals orbicular, minutely adpressed-grey-tomentose
externally, in flower -26 in., in fruit ‘3 in. across, the inner larger than
the outer. Corolla 1:5 in. long, infundibuliform-campanulate, pink,
densely adpressed-fulvous-tomentose on tube and bands of limb
externally. Berry sub-spherical to ellipsoid, -5 in. wide, ‘5 to °75 in.
long, the base closely embraced by the sepals.

Perak: Canfield’s Hill, 4,000 feet, Scortechini 381! Birch’s Hill,
Ridley 10681! Maxwell’s Hill, Ridley 5559 !

As in the case of L. rubicunda, one or two bracts remain on the specimens; they
are small, orbicular, -2 in. across, but it does not follow that the fallen bracts were so
small. The corollas on Scortechini’s specimens, on which the original description was
based, are about -6 in. long, but subsequent material communicated by Mr. Ridley
(Ridley 5559) shows that the flowers originally described were not fully expanded.
Another of Mr. Ridley’s specimens (10681) proves that the berry is not always sub-
spherical. The species is obviously closely allied to L. rwbicunda, but besides the
very different degree of tomentum, L. Scortechini differs from L. rubicunda in having
the inner sepals distinctly larger, instead of smaller, than the outer.

9. LETTSOMIA RUBICUNDA, Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV.
195. An extensive climber ; stems fulvous-tomentose. Leaves elliptic,
shortly abruptly acuminate or acute, base rounded, sub-coriaceous,
densely tawny-tomentose beneath, glabrous above; length 5 to 7 in.,
width 2 to 4 in.; petiole tawny-tomentose, 1 to 2 in. long. Flowers in
open many-flowered corymbose cymes, 2 to 4 in. across; peduncles
tawny-tomentose, 3°5 to 7 in. long; bracts caducous. Sepals orbicular,
obtuse, softly tawny-velvety, in flower °2 in., in fruit °3 in. across, the
inner rather smaller. Corolla ‘75 in. long, infundibuliform-campanu-
late, pink, densely tawny-tomentose externally. Berry ellipsoid, obtuse,

Flora of the Malayan Pennsula. 327

smooth, dry,°75 in. long, *3 to *5 in. wide, the base closely embraced by
the sepals. Convolvulus rubicundus, Wall. Cat. 1409. Argyreia rubi-
cunda, Choisy Convolv. Or. 44, and in DC. Prod. IX. 333.

Mauacoa: Griffith! Maimgay.—Distris. Burma.

The above description is taken from Griffith’s Malacca plant; the writer has seen
no other specimens. One or two bracts remain; they are small, -2 in. across, and
orbicular, but it does not follow that the fallen bracts were so small. There is no
perfect corolla on the specimens at Calcutta; the length of the tube given above is
derived from Mr. C. B. Clarke’s description.

10. Lerrsomia Kunstupri, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 2,
100. A slender climber, 50 to 80 feet long, young branches densely
hirsute. Leaves elliptic-acuminate, glabrous and shining above,
sparingly strigose-hirsute beneath, especially on the nerves, occasionally
the midrib above sparsely hairy ; length 3°5 to 4:5 in., width 2 to 2:5 in.;
petioles densely hirsute, 1 to 1:5 in. long. Flowers in lax axillary
12-20-flowered cymes, 2 to 3 in. across; peduncles 5 to 8 in. long,
densely hirsute; bracts hirsute, 3 in. wide; pedicels hirsute, slender,
‘0 to ‘75 in. long. Sepals orbicular, sub-equal, the three outer
pubescent, the others at length almost glabrous, 15 in. long. Corolla
white externally, bright pink or red within, externally hirsute, tubular-
campanulate, °5 in. long. Berry ovoid, ‘5 in. long, °3 in. wide, deep
glossy red.

Perak: Larut; Kota, Wray 2856! Ulu Salama, Scortechini !
Goping, Chanderiang, &c., King’s Collector, 732! 2307! 2726! 5672!
Campon Road, Ridley 9704! SLaANcor: Batu Caves, Ridley 8220 !—
Distris. Sumatra.

Order LXXXIT. SOLANACEA.
[By D. Pratn.]

Herbs or shrubs, sometimes becoming small soft-wooded trees.
Leaves alternate or at times in unequal pairs, rarely clustered, never
truly opposite, entire, lobed or pinnate; stipules 0. Inflorescence of
terminal or oftener lateral axillary or extra-axillary cymes, or of
solitary or clustered pedicels, without bracts or bracteoles. Flowers
regular, hermaphrodite. Calyx inferior, gamosepalous, lobes or teeth
usually 5, rare 4 or 6 to 10; usually persistent, sometimes enlarged in
fruit. Corolla gamosepalous 5-lobed or rarely (Datura) 10-lobed or
with limb sub-entire; narrow-campanulate to rotate. Stamens 5,
epipetalous ; anthers oblong or narrow-ovate ; cells parallel, dehiscing
by apical pores or longitudinally. Ovary 2-celled or imperfectly

328 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

1-celled by abortion, or 4-celled by subsequent development of accessory
dissepiments ; style linear; stigma capitate or shortly lobed; ovules
indefinite, on peltate intruded placentas. wt indehiscent, berry-like
or capsular and opening by valvular or circumscissile dehiscence ;
usually 2-celled, rarely 4-celled, many-seeded. Seeds compressed,
disc-like or sub-reniform with embryo peripheric; occasionally (Nico-
tiana) hardly compressed and with embryo straight.—DistTRis. Species
about 1,300, throughout tropical and sub-tropical countries.

Fruits berry-like, 2-celled, indehiscent; seeds compressed and em-
bedded in pulp :—

Anthers opening by 2 smail pores at the tips; fruits Sain (in

S. Melongena sometimes elongated) 06 : .. 1. Sonanum.
Anthers dehiscing throughout longitudinally :—
Calyx in fruit small, fruits usually elongated a .. 2. Capsicum.
Calyx in fruit enlarging and enveloping the globose berry .. 38. PHysaLis.

Fruits capsular :—
Capsules 4-celled and 4-valved, or sometimes hardly dehiscing ;

seeds compressed; flowers solitary 4, DatuRA.
Capsules 2-celled, dehiscing freely ; seeds hendly cormnterede flares
in panicles on ae Wy ve .. 9, NIcorrana.

1. Souanum, Linn.

Armed or unarmed herbs, shrubs, or small trees. Leaves alternate
or sub-opposed in unequal pairs, entire, lobed or pinnatifid. Cymes
dichotomous or racemose, lateral or terminal. Calyx usually 5-lobed,
rarely 10-lobed or sub-entire, sometimes enlarging in fruit. Corolla-
tube short, rotate or very shortly campanulate ; limb 5-lobed, plicate in
bud. Stamens 5, with short filaments, adnate to throat of corolla ;
anthers oblong, narrowed upwards so that the two cells form a cone
opening at the tip by terminal pores. Ovary 2-celled (in cultivated
forms sometimes 3-4-celled); style columnar, stigma small. Frwt
berry-like but with calyx at base, rarely overtopping it, globose or
(rarely) elongated. Seeds very numerous, disk-like ; embryo peripheric.
—Distris. Species 750, mostly tropical American, but spread
throughout all tropical and sub-tropical regions.

Unarmed herbs or shrubs :—
Flowers in extra-axillary peduncled cymes or racemes :—
Leaves glabrous or sparingly pubescent; cymes sub-um-
bellate ; calyx-teeth obtuse, 5; corolla and ovary glabrous ;
berry red or black, rarely yellow .. ve Le Sunignunt.
Leaves densely stellately woolly ; cymes Conmreece calyx-
teeth triangular, 5; corolla and ovary hairy; berry yellow 2. S. verbascifolium.
Flowers axillary, pedicels fascicled or solitary; corolla
glabrous :—

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 329

Calyx with a sub-entire margin; flowers white; leaves
glabrous ; epiphytic sr : .. 3. S. parasiticum.
Calyx with a distinctly 10- toothed - margin ; fereestrall —
Leaves glabrous; calyx with 5 long teeth and 5 very
short intermediate toothlets; corolla-lobes purplish ;
berry dark blue is 4. S. Blume.
Leaves usually puberulous to avieeern opel anes
glabrous ; calyx with 10 long teeth ; corolla white ; berry

yellow 5. S. biflorwm.
Armed herbs with prickly ome sie sures sadly lene
corolla pubescent externally :—
Densely stellate-tomentose throughout :—
Calyx not overtopping the berry; erect herbs or shrubs :—
Flowers white :—
Leaves very prickly especially on the nerves beneath ;
ovary hirsute ; fruit hispid with acicular hairs .. 6. S. feroz.
Leaves with very few prickles; ovary and fruit
glabrous ts AG ee -. ¢. S. torvum.

Flowers blue :—
Racemes many-flowered ; berry small, yellow, globose 8. S. indicum.
Racemes few-flowered ; berry large, purple, rarely white

or yellow, often in cultivation ellipsoid or elongate .. 9. S. Melongena.
Calyx overtopping the berry ; a spreading shrub .. 10. S. sarmentosum.
Thinly beset with minute hairs ; oe large, smooth ; calyx
very prickly .. a .. 11. S. aculeatissimum.

1. Souanum nigrum, Linn. Sp. Pl. 186. A herb or undershrub,
1 to 3 feet high; all parts sparingly pubescent or glabrous. Leaves
petioled, membranous, ovate or oblong, narrowed towards apex and base,
sinuate-toothed or -lobed ; 3 to 4 in. long, 2 in. across; green on both
surfaces; petioles 75 in. long. Flowers small, sub-umbellately clustered
on stoutish extra-axillary peduncles -35 to -75 in. long; pedicels 5 to 8
together, slender, -35 in. long. Calyx sparsely puberulous, 5-toothed ;
teeth small, ovate-oblong, -05 in. long, in fruit hardly noticeable.
Corolla white, rarely purplish, externally glabrous, °5 in. wide, rotate,
5-lobed. Ovary glabrous; style hairy at base. rw red or black,
rarely yellow, globose, -25 in. across, supported by the saucer-shaped
calyx. Seeds 05 in. in diam., almost smooth. Bl. Bijdr. 694 ;
Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 150; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. IT. 636; Kurz For.

- Flor. Burm. IT. 224; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 229. 8S. rub-

rum, Roxb. Flor. Ind. I. 565. 8S. triangulare, Lamk Ill. II. 18. S.
ulaginosum, Bl. Bijdr. 695. S. Fumpha, Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 57.
S. rhinocerotis, Bl. Bijdr. 695.

StinaaroreE: Ridley 8084! Parax: Kota Bahru, King’s Collector
566! Anpamans: King’s Collectors! Nicopars: Kurz !—DIstTRIB.
Tropics generally.

2. SOLANUM VERBASCIFOLIUM, Linn. Sp. Pl. 184. An erect unarmed
shrub, 8 to 20 feet high; all parts thickly stellate-tomentose, the

330 Flora of the Malayan Pennsula.

tomentum often scurfy. Leaves petioled, thickly herbaceous, ovate-
lanceolate to lanceolate, acute; base usually truncate or rounded, rarely
cuneate; 4 to 7 in. long, 3 in. across; green above, white to yellowish-
brown beneath from the scurfy tomentum ; petioles ‘5 to 1:5 in. long.
Flowers small, on thick tomentose pedicels, densely clustered in a small
tomentose corymb-like cyme on an erect sub-terminal stout peduncle
lto3in. long. Calyx densely tomentose, 5-toothed ; teeth triangular,
acute, ‘1 in. long in flower. °3 in. long in fruit; tube short. Corolla white,
externally stellate-tomentose, 6 in. across, rotate, 5-lobed ; lobes short,
ovate-oblong. Ovary hairy; style glabrous. Fruit yellow, globose,
‘4 in. wide, the lower portion embraced by the calyx-lobes. Seeds ‘12 in.
in diam., minutely dotted. Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 114; Lour. Flor.
Cochin-Chin. 128; Wall. Cat. 2616; Kurz For. Flor. Il. 225; Clarke
in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 230; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 640. S.
pubescens, Bl. Bijdr. 698; Roxb. Flor. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 244
(not of Willd.).

SeLancor: Kwala Lampar, Goodenough ! Purax: King’s Collector
2069! 7177! Wray 2357! Prnane: Deschamps! Kepan: King’s
Collector 1704! Nicopars: Kamorta, Jelinek! Teressa, King’s
Collectors !—Distr1e. Tropics of both hemispheres.

3. SoLANUM PARASITICUM, Bl. Bijdr. 697. An erect almost glabrous
epiphytic shrub, 2 to 4 feet high. Leaves short-petioled, rather firmly
membranous, lanceolate-acuminate, narrowed towards apex and base,
entire ; 6 to Sin. long, 1:5 to 2 in. wide ; green on both surfaces, minutely
setulose above when young, glabrous beneath; petiole -25 to 35 in.
long. Flowers small, clustered in an axillary fascicle of 2 to 7 together
or sometimes solitary, on slender somewhat rigid glabrous pedicels -6 to
‘8 in. long. Calyx glabrous, small, the margin in flower sinuate
representing either 5 or 10 teeth at most only 1 in. long; in fruit
slightly enlarged, saucer-shaped, the margin quite entire. Corolla
white, glabrous externally, 5-lobed, rotate; -25 in. across. Ovary and
style glabrous. Fruit yellow, globose, ‘25 in. in diam., resting on the
saucer-shaped calyx. Seeds -06 in. in diam., smooth. Nees Trans.
Linn. Soc. XVIT. 45; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. IT. 641.

Perak: Larut, on trees, rather plentiful, Wray! Scortechint! King’s
Collector !—Distris. Sumatra, Java.

Near S. subtruncatum but always epiphytic, and with an even more markedly
truncate calyx-limb than in that species.

4, Souanum Buumer Nees ex Bl. in Bijdr. 696. An erect quite
glabrous shrub, 3 to 4 feet high, with spreading branches. Leaves
towards top in pairs from one node, usually one smaller, elliptic-
acuminate at both ends, bases unequal ; 4 to 6 in. long, 2 to 3 in. wide;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 331

rather firmly membranous ; lateral nerves 6 to 7 pairs; petiole ‘3 in.
long. Flowers in clusters of 2 to 9, rarely solitary, axillary; pedicels
slender, in flower deflexed, in fruit spreading, :75 in. long, thickened
upwards. Calyx glabrous, limb sub-truncate. with 5 subulate, and 5
intervening minute teeth, the longer series -2 to ‘25 in. long. Corolla
with white tube and 5 purplish narrow-ovate lobes, -3 in. across.
Ovary and style glabrous. Fruit globose, dark blue, :25 in. in diam.,
resting on the saucer-shaped calyx with persisting teeth. Seeds -09 in.
in diam., almost smooth. Nees Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 45; Dun. in
DC. Prod. XIII. 180; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 642.

SELANGOR: Fiidley! Prurax: Larut, King’s Collector! Wray!
Curtis! Ridley! Scortechini! Gunong Panti, Kunstler !—Disrris.
Sumatra, Java, Borneo.

The commonest Solanwn of its group in our area. It has been suggested by
Clarke that there is little to separate this form specifically from S. subtruncatum; this
is true, but there seems equally little to separate it specifically from S. biflorum. Its
glabrous condition, however, at once distinguishes it from both as, if not a species, at
least a very marked form.

). SOLANUM BIFLORUM, Lour. Flor. Cochin-Chin. 129. An erect
more or less pubescent shrub, 3 to 6 feet high; the young shoots often
flocculose. Leaves membranous, elliptic or oblong, acuminate, base
narrow-cuneate, entire; 3 to 5 in. long, 1:5 to 1:75 in. wide; green on
both sides, setulose-pubescent, rarely glabrescent with age; petiole ‘7 in.
long. Flowers small, clustered in axillary fascicles of 2 to 6 together,
or solitary ; pedicels slender, ‘65 in. long. Calyx setulose-pubescent,
the margin usually 10-toothed rarely 7—9-toothed; teeth narrowly
lanceolate, setulose, 15 in. long. Corolla white, externally glabrous,
rotate, 5-lobed, ‘25 in. across. Ovary and style glabrous. Frwit
globose, yellow, °25 in. in diam., resting on the saucer-shaped calyx
with persisting teeth. Seeds lin. in diam., almost smooth. Dun. in
DC. Prod. XIII. 178; Kurz For. Flor. Burm. II. 224; Clarke in Hook
f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 232. 8S. decemdentatwm, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 16,
and Flor. Ind. I. 565; Wall. Cat. 2614; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 643.
S. mollissimum, Bl. Bijdr. 698. S. decemfidum, Nees Trans. Linn.
soc. XVII. 43. S. Zollingert, Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 176.

Manacea: Griffith! Stnearore: Wallich (fide Clarke).—DIsTRIB.
Throughout Indo-China and the Malay Archipelago.

Though so plentiful in the countries both south and north of the Malay Peninsula,
this seems very rare in our area where S. Bluwmei appears to replace it.

6. Sotanum FEROX, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. II. 267. An erect prickly
shrub, 3 to 10 feet high, with a short soft-wooded trunk 2 to 3 in. thick ;

332 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

all the younger parts thickly covered with a brownish soft tomentum
intermixed with many sharp compressed brownish prickles of unequal
size. Leaves usually sub-opposite, membranous, ovate to nearly
orbicular with irregular short triangular acute or blunt lobes; 5 to 9 in.
long, 3 to 6 in. wide, the lobes often 1 in. deep; green above, brownish
from the tawny tomentum beneath, sparingly beset on midrib and
nerves with long compressed prickles; petioles -5 to 2°5 in. long,
prickly. Flowers large, on thickish pedicels clustered in few-flowered
sub-umbellate short-peduncled racemes set close below the leaves;
peduncles and pedicels densely stellate-tomentose and beset with long
acicular hairs. Calyx shortly funnel-shaped, densely hirsute, some-
times prickly; lobes ovate-acute, -25 in. long. Corolla white, densely
tomentose externally, nearly 1 in. across; lobes oblong-acute. Ovary
hairy. rt yellow, globose, 1 in. in diam., hispid with acicular hairs,
much exceeding the hardly altered calyx. Seeds -12 in. in diam., very
slightly scrobiculate. Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 255; Kurz For. FI.
Burm. IT. 226 (excel. var. 3); Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. IT. 646; Clarke in
Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 233. S. lasiocarpum, Bl. Bijdr. 701; Wall.
Cat. 2623; Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 252. 8S. jorsutwm, Roxb. Hort.
Beng. 17, and Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. IT. 253. 8S. stramomfoliwm,
Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 252 (not of Jacq., nor of Wall., nor of Roxb.).

Penane: Wallich ! Purax: Sungah Ryah, Kunstler 1022! Gunong
Mesah, King’s Collector 1026! Stinaapore: Wallich! AnpAmaAns: Port
Blair, plentiful. Nicopars: Nancowry, King’s Collector !—DistTR1B.
India, Indo-China, S. China, Sumatra, Java.

7. SoLANUM ToRvuM, Sw. Prod. Veg. Ind. Occ. 47. An erect
sparingly armed shrubby perennial, 3 to 6, or at times even 8 to 12 feet
high; all parts shortly and sparsely stellate-pubescent, with but few
compressed sharp scattered prickles. Leaves usually sub-opposite,
membranous, ovate, shortly acuminate, sinuate or lobed, the lobes
obtuse or acute, the base truncate very unequal ; 2 to 4 in. long, 15 to
3 in. across; rather sparingly pubescent above, more closely sometimes
scurfily pubescent beneath; petioles ‘5 to 1 in. long. Flowers medium,
in lateral usually extra-axillary corymbose cymes with short pubescent
peduncles; pedicels slender, -3 to -4 in. long, pubescent. Calyx
sparsely pubescent, 5-toothed, -25 in. long, without prickles, the teeth
ovate-lanceolate acute, -1 in. long, not enlarging in fruit. Corolla
white, externally stellate-pubescent, °5 in. across, rotate, 5-lobed, the
lobes ‘3 in. long, lanceolate-acuminate. Ovary glabrous. Fruit yellow,
supported by the calyx which becomes glabrous in fruit, globular, °4 in.
across. Seeds -2 in. in diam., compressed, minutely granular. Dun.
in DC. Prod. XIII. 260; Wight Ic. t. 345; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. IT.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 333

648; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 234. SS. stramonfoliwm,
Roxb, Flor. Ind. I. 572.

Penane: Wallich! Deschamps! Ridley! Mauacoa: Griffith !
Parak: King’s Collector 1085! Scortechint 60! Sincapore: Schom-
burgk ! Hullett! Kunstler 99! Ridley! ANDAMANS: very common.—
Distris. Malayan Archipelago, Indo-China, Philippines, China, India,
Tropical America.

This is often exceedingly like the next species, S. indicum, but is easily dis-
tinguished by its white flowers and its considerably larger fruits.

8. SouaANuM inpDicum, Linn. Sp. Pl. 187 partly; Nees in Trans.
Linn. Soe. XVII. 55. An erect, armed, branching shrub, 4 to 8 feet
high ; all young parts thickly covered with a short stellate tomentum,
with broad, compressed, sharp, slightly recurved prickles. Leaves
membranous or thinly herbaceous, ovate, sinuately lobed, the lobes
obtuse or acute, the base obliquely truncate; 1:5 to 3 in. long, 1 to
2 in. wide; above minutely tomentose, green; grey from the denser
tomentum beneath; petioles -5 to 1 in. long. Flowers medium, in
lateral or spuriously terminal racemes about 2°5 to 3 in. long; pedicels
‘2 to -3 in. long, sometimes prickly and grey stellate-pubescent,
as are the peduncles. Calyx grey stellate-pubescent, 6-toothed,
‘25 in. long, prickly or not; the teeth lanceolate-acute, hardly
enlarging in fruit. Corolla blue, externally stellate-pubescent,
‘OD in across, rotate, 5-lobed, the lobes -35 in. long. Ovary glabrous.
Fruit yellow or orange, small, supported by the hardly altered calyx,
globose, -25 in. in diam. Seeds ‘15 in. in diam., minutely dotted.
Lour. Flor. Cochin-Chin. 131; Roxb. Flor. Ind. I. 570; Wall. Cat.
2626; Wight, Ic. t. 346; Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 309; Mig. Flor.
Ind. Bat. II. 651; Kurz For. Fl. Burm. II. 226; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor.
Brit. Ind. IV. 234. S. violacewm, Jacq. Fragm. 82, t. 133, f. 1 (not of
R. Br.). S. cuneatum, Moench Meth. n. 476; Poir. Suppl. III. 743. S.
canescens, Bl. Bijdr. 701. S. Junghuhni, Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. IT. 649.

Penane: Wallich! Srwancor: King’s Collector 363! Prax:
Wray 3077! Anpamans: Prain !—DistR1B. Throughout §.E. Asia.

This species often is very like S. torvum; it is readily distinguished by its usually,

though not invariably, more numerous prickles, by its blue flowers, and its smaller
fruits.

9. Souanum Mernonaena, Linn. Sp. Pl. 186. A stout erect, sparingly
armed herb, 2 to 8 feet high; all the younger parts covered with a grey
soft tomentum. Leaves membranous, ovate or oblong, irregularly
sinuately lobed; 3 to 6 in. long, 2 to 4 in. wide; green above, stellately
pubescent beneath with a few prickles on the nerves or sometimes

334 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

quite unarmed; petiole 1 in. long. Flowers large, on extra-axillary
often paired peduncles, one peduncle with a solitary perfect flower the
other with a few-flowered raceme of male flowers; peduncles stellate-
tomentose, very rarely prickly. Calyx shortly funnel-shaped, densely
pubescent; lobes oblong-acute ; -25 to ‘35 in. long, enlarging slightly in
fruit, usually armed. Corolla blue, externally pubescent, 1 to 1:25 in.
across, 5-lobed, lobes oblong-acute, short. Ovary glabrous; style
stellate-pubescent or at times glabrous. Fruit large, ovoid, obovoid,
ellipsoid, or cylindric; usually dark purple, often with white spots or
streaks, sometimes uniformly white or yellowish, always glabrous,
sometimes as much as 6 in. long and always much longer than the
calyx. Seeds -12 in. in diam., slightly scrobiculate. Lour. Flor. Cochin-
Chin. 130; Roxb. Flor. Ind. I. 566; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. IT. 653; Clarke
in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 235. S. insanwm, Roxb. Flor. Ind. I. 568.
S. undatum, Lamk Encye. IV. 301; Bl. Bijdr. 700. 8S. longum, Roxb.
Hort. Beng. 16, and Flor. Ind. I. 567. 8. psewdo-wndatwm, Bl. Bijdr.
699. S. ovigerwm, Bl. Bijdr. 698. 8S. Trongum, Lamk Encye. IV. 308.
S. ferox var. Trongum, Kurz For. Flor. Burm. IT. 226.

In all the provinces, cultivated ; occasionally also as an escape from
cultivation or sub-feral (e.g., at Trang, King’s Collector 1416!)

The Egg-Plant, or Brinjal, largely cultivated in all warm countries; originally
American. As an escape this species tends to become more prickly and to have 3 to 4
fruits on the peduncle, owing to the males being replaced by perfect flowers. In such

cases the fruits are much smaller and often approach, or sometimes even attain a
globose form.

10. Souanum sARMENTOSUM, Nees Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 58. A
straggling prickly shrub with procumbent zigzag branches, 2 to 3 feet
long; all parts sparsely hairy and covered with long, straight, sharp
prickles. Leaves membranous, broadly elliptic, sub-pinnatifid, lobes
obtuse, sub-glabrescent above, sparsely stellately pubescent and prickly
beneath ; 4 in. long, 2 in. across, the lobes ‘75 in. deep; green on both
surfaces; petioles ‘6 in. long. Flowers large, with thickish pedicels
on 1-2-flowered, extra-axillary peduncles about 1 in. long, sparsely
stellate-pubescent. Calyx with very shortly funnel-shaped tube, lobes
ovate-acuminate -2 in. long, sparsely hairy and prickly, much enlarged
in fruit. Corolla blue, externally pubescent, -7 in. across; lobes
oblong-acute. Ovary glabrous. Fruit yellow, globose, glabrous, 5 in.
across, overtopped by the enlarged caudate-acuminate, adpressed,
armed calyx-lobes, ‘75 in. long and °35 in. wide. Seeds ‘12 in. in
diam., scrobiculate. Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 357; Clarke in Hook. f.
Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 236. S. Melongena, Wall. Cat. 2628 (F. only—not
of Linn.). S. Jacquini, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 651 (not of Willd.).

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 339

Penane: Wallich! Prax: Scortechiw! Matacca: Groffith.
Pananea: Ridley /—Distris. Malay Archipelago.

11. SoLANuM ACULEATISSIMUM, Jacq. Col. I. 100. An armed slender
undershrub, 2 to 3 feet high, with glabrous stems covered with very
many long, straight, slender prickles. Leaves only on the upper part of
the stems, membranous, ovate, lobed, sparsely hairy; 3 to 5 in. long.
Flowers on 1-7-flowered peduncles, that are usually only 1-fruited ;
peduneles in fruit ‘75 in. long. Calyx even in fruit small, under 25 in.
long, very prickly. Frwt globose, 1:25 in. across, smooth. Seeds
‘2 in. in diam., extremely compressed, almost winged. Jacq. Icon.
I. t. 41; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 237. S. acuwleatissinuum
var.? denudatwm, Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 244.

SINGAPORE: G. Thomson.

This is not in Herb. Calcutta. The above meagre description is taken from the
accounts of Dunal in the Prodromus, and of Clarke in the Flora of British India. The
specimen to which Clarke refers is one of the ‘“‘ varieties” of Dunal, not the true
S. aculeatissimum of Jacquin, and Dunal himself was not satisfied that it is to
Jacquin’s species of this name that the variety should be referred. As it has not again
been reported, it is possible we may have here to deal with an unusual state of some
casually introduced and perhaps well-known American species.

2. Capsicum, Linn,

Unarmed annual or perennial, glabrous or glabrescent herbs or
shrubs. Leaves alternate, entire or repand. lowers axillary, solitary
or several together. Calyx campanulate, minutely 5-toothed, not
enlarging in fruit. Corolla-twbhe short, rotate, limb 5-lobed, valvate in
bud. Stamens 5, adnate near base of corolla; anthers oblong, not
longer than filaments, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary 2-celled, rarely
3-celled ; style columnar, stigma small. rut resembling a berry, but
with the calyx at its base; elongated or (rarely) globose. Seeds very
numerous, disk-like ; embryo peripheric.—Distris. Species 2 or more,
natives of America. —

The number of species is doubtful, and depends on the point of view of the reviewer
with regard to the many more or less distinct forms assumed by the plants under
cultivation ; some writers recognise as many as 80, others claim only about 20 ; more
recent authors insist only on 2 species—a perennial (C. frutescens), and an annual
(C. annuum), both very variable. Possibly, however, there is but a single very variable

species, for in the tropics the forms of C. annwum are often not truly annual, and in
temperate regions the perennial tropical forms rarely persist for more than a season.

Pedicels solitary, variously erect or reflexed; fruits erect or spread-
ing or pendent, at least as long as, usually longer than, the
pedicels; plants annual or biennial :—
Flowers white ; berries at first green, afterwards becoming red,
orange or yellow :—
Fruit not globular :—

336 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Berries tapering, much longer than broad :—
Fruit stout, flesh thick, usually mildly pungent; calyx not
enclosing base of berry .. L. GC. annuum.

Fruit slender, flesh thin, keenly Paneente rile: enclosing Bie
base of berry VAR. acuminata.

Berries not much if at all ional fami broad, asus, Bane ;
calyx not enclosing base of berry :—
Berries circular in section, sub-conical, ovate or oblong, (annwum,
flesh thin, pungent .. a .. (var. abbreviata.
Berries swollen, irregularly pmcled in section, prismatic, (annuum,
quadrate or oblate, flesh very thick, hardly at all pungent ae grossa.
{ annuum,

it globul remel t ;
Fruit globular, extremely pungen AN, oA RO

Flowers purple; berries at first dark-purple, afterwards becoming
orange-red, much longer than broad, only slightly pungent; calyx (annuum,
hardly enclosing base of berry .. (VAR. nigra.
Pedicels 2 or more, erect; fruit always erat, red, aheries than the
pedicels, pungent ; aiatis perennial; flowers always white or
yellowish-white :—
Berries elongated, tapering ; base embraced by the calyx .. 2. C. frutescens.
{ frutescens,

Berries globose or sub-globose; base seated on the calyx
var. baccata.

1. Capsicum annuum, Linn. Sp. Pl. 188. An erect branching or
rarely simple robust herb 2 to 3 feet high, with slightly ridged branches;
glabrous throughout. Leaves membranous, elliptic or ovate, rather
long-acuminate, base long-cuneate, prolonged as a wing on upper
part of petiole, margin entire; lamina 3 in. long, -75 to 1 in. wide,
rarely 1-5 in. wide, green on both surfaces ; petiole -25 to -6 in. long.
Flowers white or rarely (vAR. migra) purple; pedicels almost always
solitary, though casually there may be more than one in a, leaf-axil,
always drooping in flower, in fruit rigid, slightly thickened under the
enlarging calyx and variously erect, or spreading or recurved and
pendent, then -75 to he in. long. Calyx glabrous, campanulate, with
sinuate-dentate limb, -2 in. across; in fruit enlarging into a shallow cup
embracing the lower part of fruit, or saucer-shaped with the base of the
fruit resting on it, then often ‘5 in. across. Corolla rotate, -4 in.
across ; 5-lobed. Ovary glabrous. Frwit erect, straight, very variable
in shape, colour, fleshiness and pungency. Irish Miss. Bot. Gard. Rep.
IX. 65.

Var. typica. Fruit much longer than broad, stout, tapering to the
usually narrow apex; flesh thick, mildly pungent; berry resting on
the saucer-shaped fruiting calyx; colour variable.

In gardens, occasionally, usually raised from seed imported from
Europe.

This variety includes the many mild chillies which do not keep true to their
characters when their seed is collected in the tropics.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 337

Var. acuminata, Fingerhuth. Fruit much longer than broad,
slender, rarely straight, always tapering to an acute or sub-acute
apex ; flesh thin, keenly pungent; berry enclosed at the base by the
cupular calyx ; colour red or orange, or yellow. C. longum, DC. Hort.
Monsp. 86; Fingerhuth, Caps. 23, t. 6, 7; Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII.
494. C. frutescens, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 17; Flor. Ind. I. 574; BL.
Bijdr. 704 ; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. LV. 239.

Cultivated in most of the provinces.

Some of the forms of this variety seem to have been evolved since the introduction
of Capsicum annuum to the Eastern Hemisphere.

Var. abbreviata, Fingerhuth. Fruit conoid, ovate or oblong, not
much longer than broad, apex usually blunt; flesh thin, pungent ;
berry resting on the saucer-shaped fruiting calyx; colour variable.
C. annuum, Roxb. Flor. Ind. I. 573. C. frutescens, Dun. in DC.
Prod. I. 418. Capo Molago, Rheede Hort. Malab. II. 109, t. 56.

Occasionally cultivated.

Var. grossa, Sendt. Fruit swollen, somewhat angular, prismatic or
quadrate or oblate, obtuse, hardly longer than broad; flesh thick,
hardly pungent; berry resting on the saucer-shaped fruiting calyx;
colour red. C. grosswm, Linn. Mant. 47; Willd. Sp. Pl. I. 1051;
Roxb. Hort. Beng. 17; Flor. Ind. I. 574; Fingerhuth, Caps. 21;
Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 422; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 659; Clarke
in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 239.

Occasionally cultivated.

Var. cerasiformis, Mill. Fruit globular, red, flesh thin, very pungent.
C. cerasiforme, Roxb. Flor. Ind. I. 574. C. grosswm, var. cerasiformis,
Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 239.

Sometimes grown in gardens by Huropean residents.

Var. nigra. Fruit much longer than broad; flesh thin, only slightly
pungent; calyx hardly enclosing base of fruit; berry at first dark

purple, at length becoming orange-red. C. purpwrewm, Roxb. Flor.
Ind. IV. 239.

Occasionally cultivated.

2. CAPSICUM FRUTESCENS, Linn. Sp. Pl. 189. An erect, much-branch-
ing undershrub, 2 to 4 feet high, branches angled, the smaller ones
puberulous but soon, like the leaves, becoming quite glabrous. Leaves
petioled, membranous, ovate-acute, the base short-cuneate, truncate or
rarely sub-cordate, the margins entire; lamina usually 2:5 to 4 in. long,
1°d in. wide, green on both surfaces; petiole -5 to°75 in. long. Flowers
small, white or yellowish-white ; pedicels usually 2 to 3, sometimes
4 or more together in leaf-axils, never all of the same age, drooping in

338 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

flower and erect, thickened, rigid and somewhat elongated in fruit,
1 to 1:25 in. long. Calyx glabrous; limb truncate with 5 shortly pro-
jecting, spreading teeth -12in. in diam. Corolla -2 in.in diam., rotate,
5-toothed. Ovary glabrous. F'rwit erect, narrow to globose, bright red,
‘2 to 25 in. in diam. Irish Miss. Bot. Gard. Rep. IX. 97.

Var. typica. Fruits ovate or sub-cylindric, acute, -75 in. long, °2 in.
in diam. C. frutescens, Wall. Cat. 2642 B.C. C. minimum, Roxb.
Hort. Beng. 17, Flor. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 261, and ed. propr. J.
574; Wall. Cat. 2641; Blanco, Flor. Filip. 133; Dun. in DC. Prod.
XITI. 415; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. IT. 659 ; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit.
Ind. IV. 239. C. fastigiatum, Bl. Bijdr. 705; Nees Trans. Linn. Soc.
XVII. 64; Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 416; Wight Ic. t. 1617; Mig. Flor.
Ind. Bat. II. 659; Bentl. & Trim. Med. PI. t. 188.

In all the provinces, cultivated and as an escape.

Var. baccata, Irish l.c. 99. Fruit elliptic-obtuse or globose, -25 to
*3 in. long, °25 in.in diam. Capsicwm baccatum, Linn. Ment. 46; Ham.
in Wall. Cat. 2644. C. angustsfoluwm, Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 420.

NIcoBaRs: cultivated, Jelanek 137! 138!

3. PHysauis, Linn.

Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves alternate, entire sinuate or
shortly lobed. Pedicels axillary, solitary. Calyx campanulate, 5-partite
in flower, the tube much enlarged and inflated in fruit, loosely enclosing
the berry; teeth small, connivent. Corolla campanulate, yellow.
Stamens 5, attached near base of corolla; anthers oblong, shorter than
filaments, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary 2-celled; style columnar ;
stigma obscurely 2-lobed. rut berry-like, globose. Seeds few or
many, disk-like; embryo peripheric——Distris. Species about 34,
mostly tropical American.

PuHyYsALIs MinIMA, Linn. A herbaceous pubescent or glabrescent
annual, erect or with procumbent straggling branches, 6 to 15 in. high.
Leaves petioled, ovate, sinuate angular or hardly lobed; 2 in. long,
‘75 in. wide, green on both surfaces; petioles 1 in. Flowers small,
axillary, solitary; pedicels -25 to ‘5 in. Calyx hirsute or glab-
rescent ; in flower ‘1 to ‘2 in., with lanceolate lobes as long as tube, in
fruit ‘75 to 1 in., ovoid or sub-globose, 5-10-ribbed, the teeth sub-
connivent and little altered. Corolla yellow, :25 in. across, glabrous,
campanulate, 5-toothed. Ovary glabrous. Frwits yellow, globose, °5 in.
across, completely enveloped by the accrescent calyx. Seeds very many,
‘1 in. in diam., discoid, reticulated, hardly scabrous.

Var. typica; calyx not distinctly angled, all parts more or less
pubescent. P. mmma, Linn. Sp. Pl. 183; Nees in Trans. Linn. Soc.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 339

XVII. 69; Roxb. Flor. Ind. I. 563; Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 445;
Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 238; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. N. 664.
P. parviflora, BR. Br. Prod. 447. P. divaricata, Don Prod. 97.
P. villosa, Roth Nov. Sp. 122. P. Rothiana, Roem. & Schult. Syst. IV.
677. P. Hermann, Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 444.

Perak: Scortechinn! Mauacca: Griffith! ANDAMANS: common in
waste places.—Distris. A cosmopolitan tropical weed.

Var. indica, Clarke Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 238; calyx distinctly
o-angled, all parts nearly glabrous. C. imdica, Lamk Encyc. Meth.
II. 102; Nees in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 70; Dun. in DC. Prod.
XIII. 443; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 662. P. pseudoanqulata, Bl.
Bijdr. 706; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 663. P. angulata, Griff. Notul.
IV. 96. Nicandra indica, Roem. & Schult. Syst. IV. 632.

Perak: Kota Bahru, Kunstler, 568! Ipoh, Curtis 3190! Prnane:
Deschamps! common. Senancor: Aidley 10548! Nicosars: coasts,
common.—Distris. India generally.

The Cape Gooseberry, or Winter Cherry (Physalis peruviana), is cultivated in
European gardens in the cold weather.

4. Datura, Linn.

Suffruticose, rank-smelling, glabrous or minutely pubescent herbs.
Leaves large, entire, sinuate or deeply toothed. Pedicels solitary,
flowers very large, purple or white. Calyx long-tubular, herbaceous,
apex d-toothed ; in fruit circumscissile above the base. Corolla nay-
rowly tubular-funnel-shaped; throat widened, limb plaited, entire
or shortly lobed. Stamens attached near base of tube, filaments fili-
form; anthers included, linear, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary
2-celled, or 4-celled by the formation of spurious dissepiments ;
style filiform; stigma 2-lobed. Fruit a capsule, ellipsoid, 4-celled,
spinous, more or less completely 4-valved. Seeds very many, com-
pressed, rugose ; embryo peripheric.—Distris. Species 10, temperate
and tropical.

Datura Fastuosa, Linn. Syst. ed. X. 932. A coarse annual, 3 to
8 feet high, all parts glabrescent or very faintly puberulous. Leaves
petioled, membranous, ovate, entire or deeply toothed, glabrous, green ;
6 to 8 in. long, 3 to 4 in. across, base unequal; petioles lin. Flowers
very large, solitary, pedicels -25 to 5 in., erect in flower, recurved in
fruit. Calyx tubular, 2-5 to 3 in. long, ‘5 in. wide, lobes lanceolate,
*25in. long. Corolla purple or white, 7 in. long, base ‘5, throat 1:5, limb
3 to 5 in. in diam., shortly 5-6-toothed. Ovary glabrous. Capsules
sub-globose, 4-celled, equally spinous on all sides, irregularly dehiscent

24

340 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

near apex, supported by the persistent base of calyx; 1:25 to 1°5 in. in
diam. Seeds ‘25 in. diam.

Var. typica; corolla purple. D. fastwosa, Linn. Syst. ed. X. 932 ;.
Roxb. Flor. Ind. I. 561; Wall. Cat. 2638; Nees in Trans. Linn. Soc.
XVII. 74; Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 542; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. IT.
669 ; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 242. D. Hummatu, Bernh.
in Linn. Litteraturber. (1883) 141.

Var. alba, Clarke in Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 248; corolla white or
cream-coloured. D. alba, Nees in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 73; Wight.
Ic. t. 852; Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 542; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 667..
D. Metel, Roxb. Flor. Ind. I. 561; Wall. Cat. 2639 (mot of Linn.).

Perak: Larut, Scortechint! Ulu Bubong, King’s Collector! Sinea-
PORE: Hullett /—Distrisp. ‘Tropical Africa, 8.H. Asia.

The purple-flowered variety has not been sent to Calcutta from any of the provinces..
Kunstler says that the white one is ‘‘ not native ” in Perak.

5. Nicotiana, Linn.

Erect, viscid-pubescent herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves entire or
sinuate. Facemes paniculate, terminal or sub-terminal. Calyx tubular
or ovoid, 5-fid. Corolla funnel-shaped; lobes 5, induplicate in bud.
Stamens attached to lower part of corolla-tube, filaments filiform ;.
anthers ovate, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary 2-celled; style filiform ;.
stigma shortly 2-fid. rut a capsule, 2-celled, or rarely spuriously
almost 4-celled ; valves separating to their middle, often again splitting,
Seeds very many, small, scarcely compressed; embryo nearly straight.
—Distris. Species about 35; American, Australian, Polynesian.

Nicotiana Tapacum, Linn. Sp. Pl. 180. A herb 2 to 3 feet high
branching upwards, all parts glandular-pubescent. Leaves large, sessile:
or sub-amplexicaul, ovate-lanceolate, acute, the lower decurrent; 4 to
8 in. (the lower sometimes 12 to 15 in. long) by 2 to 3 in. across;
tapering to the cuneate base. Flowers large, in compound corymbs with
short ultimate bracteate branchlets. Calyx campanulate, ‘5 in. long,
‘3 in. wide, teeth 5, triangular-lanceolate, -2 in. long. Corolla pink or
pale-rose, linear-funnel-shaped, 1°75 to 2 in. long, limb 1 in. across,
lobes spreading ovate, sub-acuminate. Capsule ovate, ‘75 in. long,
‘5 in. in diam., slightly exceeding calyx. Seeds small. Gaertn. Fruct.
I. 264, t. 55; Lamk Il. t. 113; Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 557; Mig.
Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 670; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 245.

In all the provinces, cultivated.

A native of America, cultivated in all warm countries. The common
Tobacco.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 341

Order LXXXITI. SCROPHULARIACEA.
[By D. Prar.]

Herbs or shrubs, occasionally epiphytic, sometimes semi-parasitic.
Leaves all or only the lower opposite, rarely all alternate or whorled,
occasionally all radical, sub-rosulate; stipules 0. Flowers hermaphro-
dite, usually irregular ; inflorescence centripetal or composite. Calyx
inferior, 5-, rarely 4-lobed or -partite. Corolla hypogynous, more or
less 2-lipped or occasionally personate ; upper lip entire or 2-lobed,
lower 3-lobed. Stamens epipetalous, usually 4, didynamous or rarely
sub-equal, occasionally only 2, very rarely 5; anthers 2-celled, cells
distinct or apically or entirely confluent, or 1-celled by abortion, often
when stamens didynamous with anthers connivent and sometimes with
their apices connate in a posterior and an anterior pair. Disk annular,
cupular, or glandular. Ovary superior, 2-celled; ovules usually
numerous in each cell, anatropous or amphitropous; style simple;
stigma capitate or dilated, simple; occasionally 2-lobed or 2-lamellate.
Fruit usually a capsule, rarely a berry; placentas sometimes persistent
on a central axis, at others attached to margins of valves. Seeds small
with a lateral or ventral hilum ; albumen fleshy, rarely absent ; embryo
straight or curved.—Distris. Species 2,000 or more, in all regions.

Angelonia grandifiora, C. Morr., an American species, has become naturalised as.
an escape from gardens in Selangor (Goodenough in Herb. Ridley 10486) ; it has long
been similarly naturalised in Tenasserim and the Irawadi Delta, and has more
recently become established in the Gangetic Delta.

Corolla with upper lip or two upper lobes outmost in bud :—
Stamens 4, fertile :—
All 4 filaments inserted within corolla-tube :—

Trees or epiphytes a s 5.2 .- 1. WiGHTIA.
Herbs :—

Throat of corolla plicate, forming a 2-lobed palate; anther-

cells contiguous, divaricate Ae ar .. 2. Mazus.

Throat of corolla not plicate :—
Anther-cells discrete, stipitate; corolla distinctly 2-
lipped :—
Upper lobe of calyx distinctly exceeding the others;
2 or sometimes all the anthers with one cellimperfect 3. ADENosMA.
Upper lobe of calyx hardly if at all exceeding the
others; all 4 stamens with perfect anthers .. 4, Lrropurma.
Anther-cells contiguous; lateral calyx-lobes sal
narrower than the other three; corolla sub-equally
5-lobed . : 5. HERPESTIS.
Only 2 peers filaments ceamad sie aslo tube ; the
anterior pair inserted on corolla-throat :—
Calyx with 3 to 5 distinct ridges or wings ae .. 6. ToRENra.

342 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Calyx without wings or ridges :-—
Calyx-segments narrow ae ig .. 7. VANDELLIA.
Calyx-segments broad 56 .. 8. ARTANEMA.
Stamens only 2 posterior fertile, inserted within corollas -tube ;
anterior pair reduced to staminodes on corolla-throat :—
Calyx 4-lobed, the outer lobes very broad se .. 9. CURANGA.
Calyx 5-lobed, the lobes all narrow .. .. 10. Bownnaya.
Corolla with upper lip or 2 upper lobes inmost in “imule ; rarely
lobes imbxicate :-—
Corolla-tube very short; lobes 4, sub-equal, imbricate; stamens

4, sub-equal a8 ae .. 11. Scoparta.
Corolla-tube elongated ; lone 5, 2- leaner —

Calyx tubular, 5-lobed ee se BG .. 12. Srriea.

Calyx spathaceous, split in front a0 fe .. 13. CENTRANTHERA.

1. Wieutia, Wall.

Large epiphytic climbers, eventually becoming trees. Leaves mostly
or all opposite, quite entire, coriaceous. Flowers in usually axillary,
often thyrsoid racemes; large, rosy or purple, pubescent. Calyx cam-
panulate, irregularly 3-5-lobed. Corolla-tube incurved, upper lip erect,
2-lobed, lower spreading, 3-fid. Stamens 4, didynamous, ascending,
exserted ; anthers oblong, sagittate, cells parallel. Style long, tip
incurved; stigma simple. Capsule oblong-ovoid, septicidal, many-
seeded, valves long, separating from the placentiferous axis, which is
2-partite or entire. Seeds linear, ascending, nucleus slender, testa
membranous, broadly winged all round; albumen 0; embryo straight.
—Distris. Species 3, all 8.H. Asiatic.

The species of this genus exhibit the primarily epiphytic but subsequently arboreal
habit characteristic of many species of Ficus. Though often loosely spoken of as
parasites, and though, as a matter of fact, they frequently strangle the trees on which
they become established, epiphytes of this class are not parasites in the physiological
sense.

WIGHTIA BORNEENSIS, Hook. f. in Ic. Plant. XV. 35, #. 1444
(1883). A tree, 20 feet in height and upwards, commencing life as an
epiphyte and flowering most freely in that condition. Leaves opposite, |
thinly coriaceous, glabrous as are the lenticellate branchlets, drying
brown, margin entire, outline elliptic, apex obtusely acuminate, base
cuneate, narrowed to the petiole, main-nerves 2-3-jugate; length 3 to
4 in., breadth 1-25 to 1°75 in.; petiole :75 in. long. Flowers opposite or
whorled on the rachis of axillary or terminal racemes, pedicels slender,
rigid, spreading, ‘5 in. long; rachis stout, glabrous, erect, 6—10-flowered,
3 to 6 in. long. Calyx campanulate, margin entire, ‘4 in. across.
Corolla trumpet-shaped, incurved, purple, densely beset with a fine
stellate tomentum, 2 in. long, lobes rounded, throat slightly enlarged.
Stamens inserted near base of corolla; filaments slender, far-exserted ;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 343

anthers sagittate. Ovary glabrous; style filiform; stigma simple.
Fruit not seen.

Perak: Larut Hill at 3,000 feet, Derry (Herb. Curtis, n. 3710) !—
Distris. Borneo.

The solitary Perak specimen agrees well with a specimen from Borneo in Herb.
Kew; as our Perak example is destitute of leaves the description of these is based on

a second Bornean example of the plant. The species is most readily distinguished
from the other two known species by its entire calyx-limb.

2. Mazus, Lour.

Small herbs, often sureulose. Leaves rosulate or opposite below,
opposite or alternate above. lowers in terminal, sub-secund racemes ;
bracts minute or 0; bracteoles 0. Calyx campanulate, 5-fid; lobes
large, leafy. Corolla 2-lipped ; tube short, upper lip erect, ovate, 2-fid;
lower longer, spreading, 3-fid; throat with a 2-lobed palate. Stamens
4, didynamous ; anther-cells contiguous, divaricate. Ovary 2-celled ;
style short; stigma 2-lamellate; ovules numerous. Capsule globose or
compressed, loculicidal, 2-valved, included. Seeds many, ovoid, very
minute.—Distris. Species about 5, Asiatic and Australian.

Mazus ruaosus, Lour. Flor. Cochin-Chin. 385. A small annual
glabrous or sparingly hirsute herb. Leaves many, radical, obovate-
spathulate, irregularly coarsely crenate, narrowed to a short petiole,
‘75 to 3 in. long. Scapes numerous from the root, 2 to 10 in. long,
leafless or with a few alternate spathulate leaves, with terminal racemes
1 to 6 in. long, the pedicels slender, :25 to ‘5 in. long, usually without
bracteoles. Calyx campanulate, -25 in. long, lobes ovate-lanceolate,
acute, half as long as tube, spreading in fruit. Corolla pale blue, °3 in.
long. Capsule -2 in. long, included in the calyx; calyx-mouth in front
‘3 to 6 in. across. Seeds very minute; testa pale straw-coloured.
Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 375; Boiss. Fl. Orient. IV. 424; Miq. Flor. Ind.
Bat. II. 677; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 259. WM. bicolor, Benth. in
Wall. Cat. 3913. M. vandellioides, Hance in Walp. Ann. III. 193.
Lindernia japonica, Thunb. Flor. Japon. 253. Hornemanmia bicolor,
Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 654; Reichb. Icon. Exot. 25, t. 37. Colwm-
-nea tomentosa, Roxb. Flor. Ind. III. 98. Stemodia tomentosa, G. Don
Gen. Syst. Gard. IV. 842. Tittmannia obovata, Bunge Enum. Pl.
Chin. 279. Vandellia obovata, Walp. Act. Acad. Leopold. XIX., Suppl.
I. 394. Gratiola goodeniefolia, Hornem. Hort. Hafn.

SINGAPORE: a garden weed, Ridley /—Distrip. HE. and §.H. Asia
generally.

3. ADENOSMA, R. Br.

Annual, villous or glandular aromatic herbs. Leaves opposite,

rugose, crenulate. Flowers axillary or in leafy spikes, racemes or

344 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

heads ; bracteoles conspicuous or absent. Calyx deeply 5-lobed; lobes
imbricate, the upper the largest; sometimes in fruit all enlarged.
Corolla 2-lipped; upper lip erect, entire or notched, outmost in bud ;
lower 3-lobed, spreading ; throat not plicate; tube cylindric. Stamens
4, didynamous, included; anther-cells discrete, stipitate, one cell of
each anterior stamen or of all four stamens empty. Ovary 2-celled ;
ovules in each cell numerous; style filiform below, winged upwards
under the entire or 2-lamellate stigma. Fruit an ovoid, ellipsoid, or
lanceolate 2-grooved and 4-valved capsule, opening both loculicidally
and septicidally. Seeds many, minute, reticulate-—Distrip. Species
about 10, in S.E. Asia and Australia,

Flowers axillary ; outer fruiting sepals enlarged :—
Leaves ovate-obtuse, crenate-serrate . ovatum.
Leaves ovate-acute, serrate .. 2. A. mnopinatum.
Flowers in terminal heads, spikes or racemes; ane little
altered :—
Bracts linear, hardly exceeding the calyx :—

_
ha

Spikes short, dense, cylindric or capitate ae .. 23 A. capitatum.
Spikes long, slender 56 ne .. 4. A. ceruleum.
Bracts leafy, elliptic, acute, longer fom alge 90 .. oO. A. hirsutum.

1. ADENosMA ovAtTuM, Benth. in Hook. fil. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 263.
A puberulous or glabrate herb, branched from the base ; branches root-
ing below, prostrate or ascending, 6 to 18 in. long. Leaves ovate-
obtuse, crenate-serrate, base wide-cuneate, rounded or truncate; blade
‘75 in. long, -5 in. wide; petiole ‘3 in. Flowers axillary, sessile ; bracts
lanceolate, shorter than the calyx. Calyx of 5 almost free sepals; in
flower herbaceous, sub-equal; in fruit membranous, reticulate, pubescent,
the 3 outer enlarged, -35 in. wide, ovate-cordate, the 2 inner un-
altered, narrow lanceolate, all -25in. long. Corolla blue. Capsule
lanceolate, about as long as the sepals but hidden by the enlarged outer
ones. Herpestis ovata, Benth. Scroph. Ind. 30; Wall. Cat. 3896. 4.
javanica, Bl. Bijdr. 748. Pterostigma ovatum, Benth. in DC. Prod. X.
380; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 678.

Perak: Gunong Tundul, Ridley 9444! Punana: Waterfall, Curtis /
Mauacca: Griffith! Stnaapore: Bukit Timah, fizdley 6894! “a
garden weed,’ Fidley 8910!—Disrris. Indo-China, Malay Archi-
pelago.

2. ADENOSMA INOPINATUM, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXXIT. 2,
16. A pubescent herb, branched from the base; branches rooting
below, ascending, 6 to 18 in. long. Leaves ovate-acute, serrate, base
cuneate; blade 1 to 1:5 in. long, ‘75 to 1 in. wide; petiole -3 in.
Flowers axillary, sessile ; bracts lanceolate, shorter than calyx. Calyx

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 345

of 5 almost free sepals; in flower herbaceous, sub-equal; in fruit mem-
branous, reticulate, the 3 outer enlarged, ‘25 in. wide, ovate-lanceolate
with truncate bases, the 2 inner unaltered, narrow lanceolate, all -25 in.
long. Corolla blue. Capsule lanceolate, about as long as the sepals
but hidden by the enlarged outer ones.

Manacca: Griffith! Srnearore: Anderson! King’s Collector !

Very nearly allied to 4. ovatum, Benth., and A. swbrepens, Benth. It differs from
both by its acute leaves, but except in this respect and as regards its distribution it is
hardly separable from A. subrepens of Ceylon. From 4. ovatum of Tenasserim, with
which it has been confused, it further differs in its larger size, coarser habit of growth,

and much narrower outer sepals. It has also been confused with A. cwruleuwm, from
which it differs by its flowers being all axillary and by its enlarged fruiting sepals.

3. ADENOSMA CAPITATUM, Benth. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 264.
A stout, erect, ‘glandular-villous herb, 1 to 2 feet high. Leaves ovate or
oblong, sub-acute, serrate, often reflexed; base cuneate; blade 1 to
2 in. long, ‘5 to °75 in. wide ; petiole very short. Flowers in dense cylin-
dric or globose terminal or axillary heads, with basal involucres of floral
leaves ; peduncles 1 in. or less, sometimes in the lower clusters sub-
obsolete and the flowers in axillary whorls ; heads usually -5 in. across,
sometimes longer up to 4 in. long; bracts linear, hardly exceeding the
sepals. Calyx of 5 almost free sepals, villous with long hairs, -25 in.
long, the uppermost ovate-lanceolate, broader than the other lanceolate
4. Corolla blue. Capsule ovoid, -2 in. long. Stemodia capitata, Benth.
in Bot. Reg. under t. 1470; Wall. Cat. 3926. Pterostigma spicatum,
Benth. Scroph. Ind. 21. P. capitatum, Benth. Scroph. Ind. 31, and
in DC. Prod. X. 380. Hrinus bilabiatus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. IIT. 92.

Prov. WELLESLEY: King! King’s Collector. Penana: Wallich ;
Deschamps ! Curtis! Stncapore: King! Ridley ! Mauacca: Cunung !
Ayer Keroh, Ridley! Griffith; Wallich. Necri Szempinan: Kwala
Pedas, Ridley! Panane: Ridley !—Distris. Throughout §.H. Asia.

4, ADENOSMA C@RULEUM, R. Br. Prod. 443. An erect herb, 1 to
2 feet high, viscidly pubescent. Leaves ovate-acute, crenate, base
rounded or cordate; blade 1:5 to 2:5 in. long, 1 to 2 in. wide; petiole
-) to lin. long. Flowers in long slender strict spikes; bracts lanceo-
late, about as long as calyx. Calyx of 5 almost free sepals, the upper
lanceolate the rest linear, not very greatly altered in fruit. Corolla
blue. Capsule lanceolate, rather longer than the sepals. Benth. Flor.
Austral. IV. 484; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 263. Pterostigma
villosum, Benth. Seroph. Ind. 21, and in DC. Prod. X. 380 partly ; Miq
Flor. Ind. Bat. IT. 678. P. strictwm, Griff. Not. IV. 96; Ic. Pl. Asiat.
t. 417, f. 3. Stemodia cwrulea, Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 381. Herpestis
lanuginosa, Bl. Bijdr. 747.

346 Flora of the Malayan Penmsula.

SELANGOR: Lizdley! Prrax: Scortechinu! Wray! Mataccoa -
Griffith ! Cuming ! Maingay ; Hervey! Sincarore: Cuming ! Wallich.
—Distris. Indo-China, Malaya, Australia.

Scortechini notes on this, ‘‘ aromatic ; most likely introduced.” It appears, how-
ever, to be native.

5. ADENOSMA HIRSUTUM, Kurz Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLV. 2. 143.
A stout, erect, villous herb, 2 to 3 feet high. Leaves ovate or elliptic,
sub-acute, serrate, base cuneate; blade 1 to 2 in. long, ‘5 to -75 in.
wide; petiole very short or 0. lowers in dense cylindric or oblong
heads, often ternate, usually peduncled, with closely imbricate hirsute
leafy bracts; peduncles sometimes 1:5 in. long; heads 1 to 3 in. long,
‘75 to 1 in. wide; bracts ovate-acute, serrate, -4 to 6 in. long. Calyx
of 5 almost free villous linear sepals, -25 in. long. Corolla blue. Cap-
sule ovate, abruptly beaked, as long as calyx. Pterostigma hirsutum,
Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 562. P. villoswm, Migq. l.c. (not of Benth.).

PROVINCE WELLESLEY: Curtis 2238! Ridley 6977! NicoBaRs:
Kamorta, Kurz !—Distris. Sumatra (Teysmann 1157), Bangka (Teys-
mann 3429), Borneo (Motley, n. 215).

A coarser plant than A. capitatum, with leafy bracts throughout the spikes.

4, Limnopuina, R. Br.

Herbs of marshes and pools, glabrous or pubescent, aromatic.
Leaves with transparent dots, opposite or whorled, toothed or cut,
when submerged frequently laciniate-multifid. Flowers solitary
axillary, sessile or pedicelled, or passing into terminal spikes or racemes ;.
bracts leafy; bracteoles small or obsolete. Calyx 5-partite; lobes
narrow, imbricate, all equal or the upper largest. Corolla 2-labiate ;
upper lip outmost, sub-erect, entire or 2-fid; lower spreading, 3-lobed ;
throat not plicate; tube cylindric. Stamens 4, didynamous, included}.
anther-cells all perfect, usually discrete, stipitate, occasionally con-
tiguous. Ovary 2-celled; ovules in each cell numerous; style slender,
with deflexed tip and 2-lamellate stigma. J7wit an ovoid or oblong
capsule, with both septicidal and loculicidal dehiscence, the placenti-
ferous septum separating from the valves. Seeds many, minute, angular
and truncate, reticulate.—Disrris. Species about 25, in the tropics of
the Eastern Hemisphere and Australia.

Leaves never pinnatifid above, very rarely so even on lower
portion of stem :—
Flowers sessile :—
Leaves at least 1 in. long :—
Leaves petioled, 2 to 3 in. long, pubescent or glabrous .. 1. L. Roxburghit.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 347

Leaves sessile, 1 to 2 in. long, softly pubescent .. 2. L. balsamea.
Leaves glabrous, never exceeding ‘Sin. long .. .. 3. L. micrantha.
Flowers pedicelled :—
Leaves hirsute :—
Leaves usually opposite, rarely 3-nate, never more than
‘75 in. long; flowers always axillary, solitary 4. L. villosa.
Leayes usually 3-4-nately whorled, rarely opposite, never
less than 1-5 in. long; flowers usually ceymose or panicu-
late, rarely axillary, solitary ate os .. 5. L. hirsuta.
Leaves glabrous :—
Leaves cuneate at base, always opposite; flowers axillary,

solitary :—
Stems creeping ; branches many, divaricate ; pedicels in
fruit erect : . 6. L. pygmea.
Stems erect, usually uals: neieeta in fruit Pooemredel 7. L. erecta.

Leayes half-amplexicaul at base, often 3-4-nately whorled,
flowers usually in many-flowered racemes, rarely axillary,

solitary : 8. L. gratissima.
Leaves mostly or all lobulate or qiasejseses or ales melee
fid :—
Flowers sessile or shortly pedicelled; uppermost leaves entire:—
Flowers all solitary — =e ce AG .. 9. L. sessiliflora.

{10. L. heterophylla,
wre

Flowers passing into a terminal spike
VAR. reflexa.

Flowers all pedicelled, the pedicels ase the oa all the
leaves capillary multifid .. : 5 .. Ll. L. Griffithit.

1. Lownorpsma Roxsureui, G. Don Gen. Syst. IV. 543 (not of
Benth.). A stout glabrous or pubescent aromatic herb, with a creeping
rootstock and with decumbent rooting base, giving off numerous erect
stems 1 to 2 feet high. Leaves opposite, petioled, elliptic or ovate,
obtuse or sub-acute, margin crenulate, base cuneate, punctate beneath,
nerves distinct, 8 to 10 pairs; length up to 4 in., width to 21 in, ; petiole
‘75 in. Flowers sessile, in axillary peduncled heads, rarely Lee
Calyx hirsute, :2 in. long; lobes lanceolate, finely acuminate in fruit,
not striate. Corolla °35 in. long, purplish-blue with a yellow throat.
Capsule -2 in. long, elliptic, sub-acute. Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 265.
I. Menthastrum, Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 386; Maxim. Mel. Biol. IX.
406. Herpestis rugosa, Roth Nov. Sp. 290. Capraria gratissima,
- Roxb. Fl. Ind. IIT. 92 (a part). Stemodia Menthastrum, Benth.
Seroph. Ind. 23; Wall. Cat. 3927. Adenosma triflora, Seem. Fi.
Vit. 184 (not of Nees). Hclupta scabriuscula, Wall. Cat. 3212.

Kepag: Langkawi, at Coah, Curtis 2556!—Disrrrs. Himalaya,
from Chamba eastward, N. and C. India, Indo-China, Philippines,
China.

The bases of the stems are often submerged, and besides the fibrous roots then

emitted the lower nodes at times have multifid submerged leaves. The plant smells
strongly of Aniseed.

348 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

2. LIMNOPHILA BALSAMEA, Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 386. A stoutish,
softly pubescent herb; stem 1 to 2 feet high. Leaves opposite, elliptic,
sub-acute, narrowed from the middle to the base with margin entire,
beyond the middle obscurely crenulate, punctate beneath, nerves
slender, 3 to 5 pairs; length up to 2 in., width to 1 in.; petiole 0.
Flowers in short peduncled axillary heads or spikes. Calyx hirsute,
"15 in. long; lobes lanceolate, finely acuminate; in fruit striate.
Corolla 35 in. long. Capsule -2 in. long, broadly elliptic, obtuse.
Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 266. Stemodia balsamea, Benth. Scroph.
Ind. 23; Wall. Cat. 3928.

Perak: King’s Collector 1027 !—Distrrp. Indo-China.

3. LIMNOPHILA MICRANTHA, Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 387. <A small,
stoutish, glabrous herb, creeping below ; stem 3 to 6 in. long, branching
from the base. Leaves all opposite, crowded, thick, -25 to -45 in. long,
margin entire or very sparingly sub-serrate, punctate beneath; nerves
obscure ; petiole 0. lowers axillary, sub-sessile, small. Calyx -06 in.
long, glabrous ; lobes subulate, in fruit striate. Corolla reddish-purple,
-12 in. long. Capsule ovate, 08 in. long. Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind.
IV. 267. Stemodia micrantha, Benth. Seroph. Ind. 23; Wall. Cat. 3936.
Herpestris pygymea, Griff. Notul. IV. 104.

Panane: Ridley !—Distris. Indo-China, Bengal.

4, LimnopHina vitLosa, Bl. Bijdr. 750. An erect or spreading, sub-
simple, stoutish or slender, pubescent herb; stems 4 to 6 in. high.
Leaves opposite, elliptic-oblong, sub-crenate, -5 to -75 in. long, punctate
beneath, nerves obscure; petiole 0. lowers axillary, solitary, on
short pubescent pedicels, ‘15 in. long, erect in fruit. Calyx hirsute,
‘15 in. long, lobes lanceolate, acuminate-subulate, in fruit striate.
Corolla ‘Fin. long. Capsule 15 in. long, ovate. Benth. in DC. Prod.
X. 388; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 681. L. laxa, Benth. in DC. Prod.
X. 388 partly. L. pulcherrima, Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 267. Her-
pestis pulcherrima, Griff. Notul. IV. 104.

Perak: Wray 788! Matacca: Griffith! Cuming! Maingay !
Fiidley! Hervey! Psnana: Tulloh Bahang, Curtis! Ridley 7104!
Panane : Gidley! Stnearore: King’s Collector ! Hullett ! Deschamps !
Kurz! Ridley! Province Weuuestey: King! Sauama: Scortechim !
—Distris. Sumatra, Java.

5. LimNopHILA HIRSUTA, Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 388. An erect
hirsute herb; stem 6 to 8 in. high. Leaves opposite or 3—4-nately
whorled, elliptic, linear-oblong or sub-spathulate, 1:5 to 2°5 in. long,
apex obtuse, margin serrulate, punctate beneath, nerves few, very
indistinct; petiole short or obsolete. Flowers axillary, solitary or
cymose or paniculate at the apex of the stem; pedicels ‘2 to 78 in.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 349

bracteoles minute. Calyx ‘3 in. long, hirsute; lobes lanceolate, finely
acuminate, in fruit striate. Corolla:5 in. long. Capsule sub-orbicular,
*25 in. long. Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 268. L. javanica, A. DC. in
DC. Prod. X. 594. Stemodia hirsuta, Heyne, ex Wall. in Cat. 3930 ;
Benth. Scroph. Ind. 24. Ambulia ebracteata, Ham. ex Hook. f. Flor.
Brit. Ind. TV. 268.

Nicopars: Kurz! Pxrrax: Scortechini! Kunstler! Mawacca:
Fiidley !—Distris. India, Indo-China, Malay Archipelago, China.

6. Limnopuina pramaia, Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 268. A very
small, glabrous, much-branched creeping herb ; branches 4 to 6 in. long,
divaricate. Leaves opposite, ‘3 to ‘4 in. long, oblong-lanceolate, apex
acute, margin sub-serrate; punctate beneath, nerves very obscure ;
petiole 0. Flowers axillary, solitary, pedicels slender, :15 to -2 in. long,
erect in fruit. Calyx :15 in. long, hirsute, lobes subulate-lanceolate,
striate in fruit. Corolla -2in. long. Capsule -15 in., ovate. Herpestis
pygmea, Griff. Notul. IV. 104. Stemodia diffusa, Benth. in Wall. Cat.
3937. .

Manacca: Griffith ! Cuming !—Distrip. Tenasserim.

7. LIMNOPHILA ERECTA, Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 388. An erect,
sub-simple or branched, stoutish glabrous herb; stems 4 to 8 in. high.
Leaves all opposite, linear-oblong, ‘5 to 1 in. long, apex acute, margin
sub-serrate except the narrow cuneate base, punctate beneath, nerves
obscure ; petiole very short or obsolete. Flowers white, axillary, soli-
tary, on short pedicels, -1 in. long, recurved in fruit. Calyx glabrous,
-15 in. long, lobes lanceolate, acuminate, in fruit striate. Corolla -2 in.
long. Capsule -15 in. long, ovate. Maxim. Mel. Biol. IX. 406;
Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 267. Stemodsa gratioloides, Benth.
Scroph. Ind. 25; Wall. Cat. 3938.

PERAK: Scortechini! Wray! King’s Collector! NercGri SEMBILAN:
Fiidley! Seuancor: Ridley! Panane: Fidley !—Distris. Indo-
China, Bengal, S. China.

8. LimnopHina GRATISSIMA, Bl. Bijdr. 749. An erect, glabrous herb
with a stout stem, 1 to 2 feet high, simple or occasionally branched
_ above. Leaves opposite and ternate, half-amplexicaul, linear-oblong,
1°5 to 2°5 in. long, apex sub-acute, margin serrulate, punctate beneath,
nerves few, indistinct; petiole 0. Flowers in axillary and terminal
many-flowered racemes, rarely flowers axillary solitary, sometimes the
racemes 12 in. long and paniculately branched with the flowers whorled,
at others the racemes reduced; pedicels ‘5 to 1 in. long, glandular;
bracteoles minute. Calyx ‘3 in. long, glabrate, lobes lanceolate-acumi-
nate; in fruit calyx hemispherical with lobes striate. Corolla -5 in.
long. Capsule oblong, acute, *3 in. long. Benth. Scroph. Ind. 26;

350 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Wall. Cat. 3906; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 268. ZL. punctata, Bl.
Bijdr. 750; Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 388; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 682;
Maxim. Mel. Biol. IX. 406. Gratiola aromatica, Pers. Synops. I. 14.
Ambulia aromatica, Lamk Encycl. Meth. I. 128. Rheede Hort.
Malab. X. 6. 7

Mauacca: Griffith. Prax: King’s Collector! Wray !—Distr1.
S.E. Asia generally, N. Australia.

9. LIMNOPHILA SESSIFLORA, Blume Bijdr. 750. A hirsute or rarely
glabrate herb; stem stoutish, 4 to 8 in. long. Leaves 3 to 6 in a whorl
throughout all lobulate or pinnatisect, or the uppermost very rarely
opposite entire, usually about -4 to 5 in. long. Flowers axillary solitary,
sessile or shortly pedicelled. Calyx ‘3 in. long, lobes ovate-acuminate,
tube in fruit membranous, hemispheric, not striate. Corolla’5 in. long.
Capsule orbicular, turgid, -2 in. across. Benth. Scroph. Ind. 25; Wall.
Cat. 3902; DC. Prod. X. 389; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 683; Hook. f.
Flor. Brit. Ind. TV. 270. Hottonia sessiliflora, Vahl Symb. II. 36.

Kepan: Langkawi, in swamps, Curtis /—Distris. Throughout:
8.H. Asia.

10. LimnoPHILA HETEROPHYLLA, Benth.; var. reflexa, Hook. f. Flor.
Brit. Ind. IV. 270. A glabrous herb with a very slender elongated
stem, 1 to 1:5 feet long. Leaves towards apex of stem usually opposite,
small, rarely over 25 in. long, sessile, half-amplexicaul, oblong, margin
crenulate ; followed by pinnatifid leaves 4 to 6 in a whorl, °d in. long ;
with below these submerged whorled and very finely capillary-multifid
leaves, ‘5 in. long. Flowers axillary solitary, the upper sub-sessile
passing into a short leafy spike, the lower pedicelled, with pedicels
recurved in fruit and longer than the calyx. Calyx -25 in. long, lobes
ovate, very shortly acuminate, in fruit not at all striate; tube in fruit
hemispheric, membranous. Corolla -4 in. long. Capsule sub-globose,
3 in. long. LZ. refleca, Benth. Scroph. Ind. 25; DC. Prod. X. 389;
Wall. Cat. 3904.

Mauacca: Cuming. Kepan: Curtis 2103 !—Disrrip. (of variety,)
Tenasserim: (of type,) throughout 8.H. Asia.

This variety differs from the type in having distinctly shorter submerged leaves, and
distinctly longer pedicels to the lower fiowers.

11. Liwnopaina Grirritai, Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 271. A
very small herb with creeping tufted stems, sending down long rigid
roots and emitting many erect branches, 1 to 2 in. long, sometimes
stout and stiff, sometimes slender and flaccid. Leaves 25 to :35 in,
long, usually densely whorled and imbricated, multifid. Flowers
axillary solitary, on slender pedicels, °35 to ‘5 in. long, that are deflexed

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 351

in fruit. Calyx ‘1 in. long, teeth short. Corolla pure white, :4 in. long.
LL. sessiliflora, Griff. Notul. IV. 99, t. 418, f. 5 (mot of Bl.). DL. gratio-
loides var. myriophylloides, Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 389 partly. Quin-
quelobus glaber, Benj. in Linnea XX. 316. Benjaminea glabra, Benj.
in Linnea XX. 761.

Matacca: Griffith! Leman, Cuming! Maingay! Prrax: King’s
Collector !

Griffith’s specimens have slightly larger leaf-segments and shorter pedicels than
those of Maingay, Cuming, and Kunstler, where the leaf-segments are finely capillary.
But Griffith’s plant evidently grew on mud, while that of Kunstler was floating in

water, and the difference of habitat probably sufficiently explains the difference in
foliage. The fiowers of the two forms are the same.

5. Herpestis, Gaertn. f.

Herbs, glabrous. Leaves often dotted, entire or toothed, or below
submerged and multifid. Flowers axillary or racemose; bracteoles
small or obsolete. Calyx 5-partite ; lobes imbricate, the upper largest,
the two lateral inmost often very narrow. Corolla indistinctly 2-lipped;
upper lip outmost spreading, 2-lobed or only emarginate, lower 3-lobed ;
tube cylindric. Stamens 4, didynamous, included ; anthers sometimes
approximate in pairs; cells contiguous, parallel, not confluent. Ovary
2-celled; ovules in each cell numerous; style dilated at the top;
stigma entire or 2-lobed. Fruit a globose or ovoid 2-celled capsule ;
valves 2 or 4, separating from the placentiferous septum. Seeds many,
very minute——Distris. Species about 50, throughout the tropics.

Herpestis Monnieria, H. B. & K. Nov.-Gen. and Sp. II. 366.
A glabrous, rather succulent creeping herb, rooting at the nodes;
branches 4 to 10 in. long. Leaves obovate-oblong, spathulate, sessile,
obtuse, entire, 5 to -75 in. long. Flowers axillary, peduncles usually
‘75 to 1 in. long; bracteoles 2. Calyx of 5 nearly free sepals, -2 to
*3 in. long, the upper sepal ovate. Corolla white, faintly tinged with
blue, -4 to ‘6 in. long, lobes sub-equal. Capsule ovoid, acute, hidden by
the sepals, 15 to°25in. long. Seeds minute, irregular ; testa pale. Benth.
‘Scroph. Ind. 30, and in DC. Prod. X. 410; Wall. Cat. 3900; Dalz. &
Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 178 ; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 685; Bot. Mag. t. 2557 ;
Boiss. Flor. Orient. IV. 426; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 272. 4.
spathulata, Bl. Bijdr. 748. Gratiola Monmeria, Linn. Cent. Pl. II.
n. 120; Roxb. Cor. Pl. I. 41, t. 178, and Flor. Ind. I. 141. Septis
repens, Lour. Flor. Cochin-Chin. 392. Bramia imdica, Lamk Encye.
I. 459. Rheede Hort. Malab. X. t. 14.

Mauacca: Hervey! Jonore: Hullett! Srineapore: Kurz! Rid-
ley !—Distris. Throughout the tropics.

302 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

6. TorEnta, Linn.

Herbs, glabrous or pubescent. Leaves opposite, entire or crenate or
serrate. lowers often showy, axillary, or in terminal or pseudo-axillary
racemes or umbels; bracteoles 0. Calyx 2-lipped or 3-5-toothed,
3—5-keeled or -winged or -folded. Corolla 2-lipped; upper lip outmost
erect, concave or pinched, notched or 2-fid; lower larger spreading,
3-lobed; tube cylindric, somewhat curved, dilated upwards. Stamens
4, didynamous; upper pair included inserted on corolla-tube; lower
‘inserted on throat, appendaged or not at base, and connivent under
upper lip; anthers contiguous or connate in pairs, cells often confluent.
Ovary 2-celled; ovules in each cell numerous; style slender; stigma
2-lamellate. Fruit a linear or oblong, included septicidal capsule ;
valves separating from the placentiferous septum. Seeds many, rugose
or cancellate-—Distris. Species 20, Tropical Asiatic and African, one
American.

Calyx very distinctly winged :—
Fruiting calyx sub-orbicular, as broad as long; stems prostrate
and rooting oe 6 .. 1. T. polygonoides.
Fruiting calyx longer than ode ; some erect :-—
Wings broad distinctly decurrent on the pedicels; corolla
very little exserted ; bracteoles very small ; pedicels shorter
than the calyx 2. T. peduncularis.
Wings narrow hardly decurrent on “the ae ihaall: : qouillin
distinctly exserted ; bracteoles large ; pedicels as long as or
longer than the calyx .. oye oc -. 93. ©. ciltata.
Calyx hardly or not at all winged :—
Flowers all axillary :—
Stems and leaves eee calyx deeply lobed, faintly

winged Se .. 4. T. asiatica.
Stems and leaves Absit: Gales sins gael lobed .. 5. TF. Benthamiana.
Flowers in terminal racemes ; stems and leaves hirsute; calyx
wingless, shortly lobed A 40 a so) Go en Laua.

1. ToRENIA POLYGONOIDES, Benth. Scroph. Ind. 39. A slender strag-
gling herb; branches 6 to 12 in. long, decumbent and often rooting at
the nodes; all parts glabrous. Leaves orbicular-ovate, serrate; lamina
‘4 to ‘5 in. long, -35 to -45 in. wide, apex acute or sub-acute, base
cuneate; petiole slender, -25 in. long. lowers axillary on 2—4-flowered
peduncles ; pedicels -25 in. long, slender; bracteoles minute. Calyx
tubular with very wide wings, in fruit sub-orbicular ‘3 in. in diam.
Corolla °35 in, long, white or white and pink, distinctly exserted.
DC. Prod. X. 409; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. IT. 688; Hook. f. Flor. Brit.
Ind. IV. 276. T. cardiosepala, Benth. in DC. Prod. X.409. Herpestis
polygonoides, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 3897.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 393:

Singapore: Wallich 3897! King’s Collector! Hullett ! Murton,
Kuntze! Schomburgk! Anderson! Kurz! Matacca: Maingay!
Griffith ! Goodenough! Prnana: Bouton ; Deschamps! Prrax: Gapis
Pass, Curtis 2683 !

9. ToRENIA PEDUNCULARIS, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 3956. An erect
annual herb 1 to 2 feet high; branches acutely 4-gonous, uniformly hairy
upwards, below ciliate only on the angles with recurved hairs. Leaves
ovate-lanceolate, base cordate, apex acuminate, margin serrate ; lamina.
membranous 1 to 2 in. long, ‘5 to 1 in. wide, sparingly hairy on both
surfaces ; petiole slender, sparsely hirsute, -5 to -75 in. long. Flowers
axillary solitary, or the uppermost in a sub-umbellate corymb or a
terminal raceme, the lowest in the raceme leaf-opposed ; pedicels °3 in.,
in fruit ‘5 in. long, thickened upwards, shorter than the calyx; brac-
teoles linear-subulate small. Calyx-twbe narrow-ovate, ‘6 in., in fruit.
‘85 in. long, wings broad, decurrent on the pedicel, the margins ciliate.
Corolla -75 in. long, little exserted, tube yellow below, pale blue above,
lateral lobes of lip with darker blotches. Stamens with glabrous
filaments not appendaged. Disk cupular. Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind.
TV. 276. T. edentula, Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 410; Bot. Mag. t. 4229.

Prnane: Schomburgk ! Mauacca: Goodenough! Prrax: Scorte-
chia! Ridley 9457! 9758! Ipoh, Curtis! Nicospars: Kamorta,
Kurz !—Distris. Indo-China, Java, Timor.

3. TORENIA CILIATA, Sm. in Rees Cyclop. V. 36. An erect annual
herb, 1 to 2 feet high, branches acutely 4-gonous, uniformly hairy up-
wards, below ciliate only on the angles. Leaves ovate, base wide
cuneate, apex obtuse or sub-acute, margin entire or crenate; lamina
membranous 1:5 to 2°5 in. long, ‘75 to 1:25 in. wide. sparingly hairy
on both surfaces; petiole winged above -25 to °d in. long, sometimes
shorter. Flowers in distant pairs, racemed at the ends of the branches ;
pedicels -3 in., in fruit -4 in. long, thickened upwards, as long as or
longer than the calyx ; bracteoles 3 in. long, linear, hirsute, as long as
the flowering pedicels. Calyx very narrow-tubular, -4 in., in fruit
‘6 in. long, wings distinct but narrow, the margins ciliate. Corolla
‘75 in. long, distinctly exserted, light blue. Benth. in DC. Prod.
X. 411; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. IT. 689; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 279.
T. racemosa, Benth. Scroph. Ind. 38 (not of Griff.). T. cerulea, Mig. Flor.
Ind. Bat. Suppl. 562. TZ. flava, Wall. Cat. 3957 (a part); Maiq. Flor.

Ind. Bat. Suppl. 562 (not of Ham).
| Penance: Wallich! Deschamps! PERax: King’ s Collector! Scor-
techint ! Ridley /—Distr1p. Sumatra, Timor.

Very near to T. peduncularis, and really only separable by its smaller more winged.
calyx. It may be remarked that Kurz in Herb. Calcutta has suggested that T. ciliata

304 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

is = T. peduncularis, while in the field Scortechini has named T. peduncularis,
“ T. ciliata.”

4. Torenra astatTica, Linn. Sp. Pl. 619. A sub-erect or spreading
slightly branching herb, stems quadrangular glabrous. Leaves ovate-
lanceolate, base cuneate, margin finely serrate; lamina 1:5 to 2-5 in.
long, 1 to 1:5 in. wide, membranous, glabrous; petiole slender, glabrous,
‘) in. long. Flowers axillary, pedicels ‘} in. long; bracteoles minute
subulate. Calyx ‘5 in. long, deeply 5-partite, lobes narrow-lanceolate,
with a prominent midrib. Corolla 1:5 in. long, tube narrow-cylindric
at base, infundibuliform above, dark violet on both sides, upper lobe
erect, lip 3-lobed spreading, all yellowish. Stamens with appendages on
anterior filaments. Disk cupular waved. Wight Ic. t. 862; Benth. in
DC. Prod. X. 410; Wall. Cat. 3953 A. B.; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. II.
689; Gaertn. Fruct. III. 29, t. 184; Lamk Ill. t. 523; Bot. Mag.
t. 4249; Lem. Ill. Hortic. t. 199; Flore des Serres Il. t. 157; XIII.
t. 1342; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 277. Treisteria cordata, Griff.
Notul. IV. 109. Rheede Hort. Malab. IX. t. 53.

Perak: Scortechint 2212! Fidley 5307! 9756! King’s Collector
1816! Curtis! Srnancor: Ridley 8533!—Distrip. India, Sumatra,
Java, Indo-China, China.

5. ToRENIA BENTHAMIANA, Hance Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 4. XVIII. 226.
A slender straggling herb; branches 6 to 10 in. long, decumbent and often
rooting at the nodes, all parts sparingly hirsute. Leaves ovate, acute,
margin serrate ; lamina ‘d to 75 in. long, °3 to -4 in. wide, base truncate
or cuneate; petiole -25 in. long. Flowers axillary, solitary, pedicels
‘75 to 1:25 in. long, slender; bracteoles minute. Calyx very narrow-
tubular, -35 in. long, in fruit -5 in. long, keeled and channelled but not
winged, hirsute with sparse spreading hairs. Corolla 1:25 in. long,
distinctly exserted; tube violet purple, limb yellow. TZ. Bailom
Godef. in Ill. Hortic. XXV. t. 324; H. Morr. in Belg. Hortic. XXIX.
t.9,£.2. T. flava, Bot. Mag. t. 6700 (not of Ham.).

JoHorE: Ridley 4160!—Distrip. Siam, Cochin-China, 8. China.

6. ToRENIA FLAVA, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 3957. An erect annual herb,
1 to 2 feet high; branches acutely 4-gonous, uniformly hairy upwards,
below ciliate only on the angles with spreading hairs. Leaves ovate or
ovate-oblong, base wide-cuneate, margin entire or crenate; lamina
membranous 1 to 1° in. long, ‘7 to 1 in. wide, hairy on both surfaces; -
petiole winged above, often very short. Flowers racemed at the ends
of the branches; pedicels -2 in., in fruit 3 in. long, thickened upwards,
shorter than the calyx; bracteoles -4 in. long linear, hirsute, rather
longer than the fruiting pedicels. Calyx very narrow-tubular ‘35 in.,
in fruit ‘5 in. long, keeled and channelled but not winged, hirsute

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 399

throughout with sparse spreading hairs. Corolla -75 in. long, distinctly
exserted, bright yellow. Benth. Scroph. Ind. 38, and in DC. Prod. X.
414; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 689; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 278.
Pentsteira racemosa, Griff. Notul. IV. 120. Mimulus hirsutus, Bl.
Bijdr. 756.

PERAK: Kunstler 904!—Disrris. Indo-China, Malaya.

7. VANDELLIA, Linn.

Herbs, glabrous or pubescent. Leaves opposite, often toothed,
usually penninerved. Flowers small, axillary or racemose; bracteoles
0. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed, or oftener deeply 5-partite, neither
keeled nor winged. Corolla 2-lipped; upper lip outmost, erect,
concave, emarginate or 2-fid; lower wider, spreading, 3-lobed; tube
cylindric. Stamens 4, aids ane the posterior pair inserted in
corolla-tube, usually included, the anterior pair inserted on corolla-
throat, with arched filaments appendaged near the base; anthers
contiguous or connate in pairs under upper lip, cells divaricate.
Ovary 2-celled; ovules in each cell numerous; style slender; stigma
2-lamellate. Fruit a globose or ovoid, or long cylindric, septicidal
capsule; valves separating from the placentiferous septum. Seeds
many, small, rugose—Distris. Species about 30, mostly S.H. Asiatic.

Capsule about equalling or shorter than the calyx :—
Calyx very shortly 5-lobed . : a .. IL. V. crustacea.
Calyx divided almost to the bese: in 5 eal _-
Sepals longer than the capsule :—
Stems erect; all parts sparsely beset with spreading hairs ;

leaves ante or sinuate. . 2. V. hirsuta.
Stems procumbent; all aside softly Gane lene ee
serrate ac oc we aie) licks VAN MGOLUES.
Sepals not longer than the eapanice —
Leaves sessile “fs 5 a8 .. 4. V. scabra.
Leaves petioled Be = af Boe Vin CLL
Capsule much longer than the calyx ae Fe .. 6. V. pedunculata.

1. VANDELLIA CRUSTACEA, Benth. Scroph. Ind. 35. A diffusely
trichotomously branched, glabrous or sparsely hairy herb; branches
mostly from near the root; stems 4 to 18 in. high. Leaves ovate or
lanceolate, entire or serrate; lamina ‘5 to 1 in. long, ‘25 to ‘5 in. wide;
petioles short. Flowers axillary or sub-racemose; pedicels slender,
strict, °5 to 1:5 in. long. Calyz shortly 5-lobed, in flower ‘1 in., in
fruit -15 in. long. Corolla pale purple or white. Capsule ovate-oblong,
obtuse, “12 in. long. DC. Prod. X. 413; Wight Ic. t. 863; Mig. Flor.
Ind. Bat. IT. 690; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 279. V. alba, Benth.

25

356 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Scroph. Ind. 35. Torenia varians, Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 96. T. lucida,
Ham. in Wall. Cat. 3962. TZ. alba, Ham.in Wall. Cat. 3961 partly.
T. flaccida, R. Br. Prod. 440. Gratiola lucida, Vahl Enum. I. 95;
Roxb. Cor. Pl. IT. 2, t. 202, and Flor. Ind. 1.138. G. aspera, Roth Nov.
PL. II. Peristewra paniculata, Griff. Notul. IV. 119. Capraria crustacea,
Linn. Mant. 87. Morgama lucida, Spreng. Syst. II. 802. WM. aspera,
Spreng. Syst. IT. 803. Mimulus javanicus, Bl. Bijdr. 283. Hornemanma
ovata, Link & Otto Ic. Pl. Sel. I. 9, t. 3. Tittmannia ovata, Reichb.
Icon. Exot. 1. 27. Antirrhinwm hexandrum, Forsk. Flor. Aigypt.-Arab.
43. Rumph. Herb. Amb. V. t. 170, f. 3.

Penane: Curtes! Prov. WeLuEsutey: King! Prrak: Curtis!
Singapore: Wallich ! Schomburgk ! Ridley! Hullett! Kunstler ! Des-
champs! Kurz! Pawane: Firdley! Mauacca: Hervey !-—DistR1s.
Cosmopolitan in the tropics.

2. VANDELLIA HIRSUTA, Benth. Scroph. Ind. 36. An erect succulent
trichotomously branched herb, 4 to 6 in. high, sparsely clothed with
spreading hairs. Leaves ovate or oblong, obtuse, entire or sinuate, 1 to
3 in. long; upper sessile ‘5 to 1 in. wide, lower petioled, -4 to °75 in.
wide. Flowers minute in many-flowered racemes; pedicels slender,
15 to 2 in. long. Sepals lanceolate -08 in., in fruit ‘1 in. long. Corolla
blueish-white. Capsule orbicular (08 in. in diam. DC. Prod. X. 414;
Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 280. Tvttmannia ovata, Benth. in Wall.
Cat. 3942. TT. viscosa, Reichb. Ic. Exot. I. 26, t. 38. =Hornemannia
prostrata, Jacq. Hel. t. 150.

Perak: Kunstler! Panana: Ridley! Sineapore: Ridley 2701!
—Distris. 8.H. Asia generally.

3. VANDELLIA MOLLIS, Benth. Scorph. Ind. 37. A procumbent herb ;
stems creeping below, 6 to 18 in. long, slender or stoutish, softly villous
with spreading white hairs. Leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, obtuse or
sub-acute, margin crenate-serrate; both surfaces softly villous with
white glistening hairs; nerves 3 to 4 pairs, oblique, ascending; length
1 to 1:5 in., width ‘5 to ‘75 in.; petiole short, -2 in. long or less.
Flowers on axillary pedicels or in axillary or terminal racemes, the
pedicels slender, softly villous, -25 to ‘75 in. long. Sepals subulate-
lanceolate, softly villous with white hairs, -4 to ‘5 in. long. Corolla
‘5 to °6 in. long, tube white, upper lip brown and lower lip yellow.
Stamens with filaments hirsute below, the upper pair with orbicular
basal processes. Capsule oblong, °2 in. in diam. DC. Prod. X. 414;
Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. TV. 281. Tttmannia lirta, Benth. in Wall.
Cat. 3948.

SELANGOR: Rawang, Fidley 7605!—Distris. Hastern Himalaya,
S. China, Indo-China, Sumatra, Java.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 357

4, VANDELLIA scABRA, Benth. Scroph. Ind. 36. A slender diffusely
branched herb with rather rigid stems and branches, the latter 2 to
4 in. long; more or less clothed everywhere with long white spreading
hairs. Leaves broadly ovate or ovate-cordate, or orbicular, serrate or
entire, acute or obtuse; lamina ‘3 to ‘6 in. long, °3 in. wide. Flowers
axillary or terminal, on slender capillary pedicels ‘5 to 1°5 in. long,
strict, spreading in fruit, much longer than calyx. Sepals lanceolate,
hirsute or glabrous, ‘1 in. long. Corolla 3 in. long. Capsule orbicular
‘Lin. long. DC. Prod. X. 414; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 692; Griff.
Notul. IV. 122, and Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 418, f.4; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV.
281. V. monmeriocdes, Ham. ex Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. TV. 281.
Torenia hirta, Cham. & Schlecht. Linnea II. 571. YT. globosa, Ham.
ex Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 281. Gyratiola pusilla, Willd. Sp. Pl. I.
105. Columnea manuta, Roxb. Flor. Ind. III. 98. Titimannia pusilla,
Benth. in Wall. Cat. 3945 partly. T. suleata, Wight in Wall. Cat.
3946 partly. Bonnaya Vahl, G. Don Gen. Syst. IV. 538. Stemodza-
minuta, G. Don Gen. Syst. IV. 542. Selago pusilla, Thunb. Prod. Fl.
Cap. 99.

Mauacca: Grofith! Prov. WELLESLEY: King! Neari SeMBILAN:
Serembam, Azdley 10090! Srnearore: King’s Collector ! Ridley !—
Distris. §.H. Asia generally, Africa, Madagascar.

5. VANDELLIA ELATA, Benth. Scroph. Ind. 36. A slender, sub-erect.
or diffuse, glabrous or sparingly hirsute herb; stems simple or dichoto-
mously branched, sometimes rooting near the base; branches slender,.
6 to 8 in. long or longer. Leaves ovate, coarsely crenate-toothed, acute,
base cuneate entire passing into the petiole; lamina ‘3 to -d in. long,
25 to °3 in. wide; petiole 15 to ‘25 in. flowers axillary or terminal,
on slender capillary pedicels -3 to ‘5 in. long, strict, somewhat spreading
in fruit, much longer than calyx. Sepals narrow-lanceolate, sparingly
hirsute, 09 in. long. Corolla very small, pale blue, -1 in. long. Capsule
broadly oblong, °12 in. long, as long as the fruiting sepals. DC. Prod.
X. 414; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 280. Trtitmannia elata, Benth. in
Wall. Cat. 3944.

Smnaapore: Aidley !—Distris. Tenasserim, Borneo.

6. VANDELLIA PEDUNCULATA, Benth. Scroph. Ind. 37. A slender
glabrous herb, stem sometimes creeping at the base ; branches slender,
4to 10 in. long, prostrate. Leaves ovate, obtuse or sub-acute, obscurely
crenate-toothed, ‘5 to 1 in. long, -4 in. wide, shortly petioled. Flowers
axillary and in terminal racemes; pedicels slender 1:5 in. long, usually
twice as long as leaves or longer. Sepals 5, narrowly lanceolate, free
almost to the base, -25 in. long. Corolla white, or pale blue with a.
white spot. Capsule linear-lanceolate, ‘5 in. long. DC. Prod. X. 416;

308 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Griff. Notul. IV. 120; Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 418, f. 2; Hook. f. Flor. Brit.
Ind. IV. 282. V. Roxburgh, G. Don Gen. Syst. IV. 549. V. cordifolia,
G. Don. Gen. Syst. IV. 549. Gratiola cordifolia, Vahl Enum. I. 97;
Don Prod. 85. Bonnaya cordifolia, Spreng. Syst. I. 42. Tittmannia
grandiflora, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 3949. Torenra diffusa, Roxb. Fl. Ind.
IT. 95. ZT. varians, Griff. Notul. IV. 125 (not of Roxhb.).

Mauaccoa: Hervey! Stxearore: King’s Collector / Thomson !
fiudley! Jowore: Ridley! Perak: Wray! Scortechim! Ridley /
PenanG: Curtis !—Distris. §.H. Asia generally.

8. ArTANEMA, Don.

Herbs with rather tall, erect, angled stems. Leaves opposite, entire
or serrate, scabrid above as are the stem-angles. Flowers large, blue,
pink or white, in terminal racemes; bracts leafy; bracteoles obsolete.
Calyx 5-partite; lobes acuminate, smooth, much dilated. Corolla
2-lipped ; upper lip outmost, erect, broad, emarginate ; lower 3-lobed,
spreading ; throat not plicate ; tube wide-cylindric. Stamens 4, didy-
namous; posterior pair short included, anterior pair long with arching
filaments dilated at the base; anther-cells confluent at their tips.
Ovary 2-celled ; ovules in each cell numerous; style slender; stigma
2-lamellate. F'rwt a globose septicidal capsule; valves 2, separating
from the placentiferous septum. Seeds many, small, rugose.—DistTRIB.
Species 3 to 4, in tropics of Hastern Hemisphere and Australia.

Leaves shortly petioled; flowers over 5 in. long .. .- 1. A. sesamoides.
Leaves sessile, narrower ; flowers under ‘5 in. long.. .. 2. A. angustifolium.

1. ARTANEMA SESAMOIDES, Benth. Scroph. Ind. 39. A herb, 2 to
3 feet high. Leaves shortly petioled, lanceolate-acuminate, entire or
serrate, 2 to 4 in. long, ‘75 to 1:25 in. wide. Flowers in racemes 6 to
9 in. long; pedicels -3 to ‘5 in. long, usually slightly exceeding the
calyx. Calyx of 5 sub-equal lobes, -25 to ‘3 in. long. Corolla blue,
‘75 in. long. Capsule globose, °3 in. in diam. DC. Prod. X. 408;
Wight Ic. t. 1410; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. Il. 686; Hook. f. Flor. Brit.
Ind. IV. 274. Colwmnea longifolia, Linn. Mant. 90. <Achimanes sesa-
moides, Vahl Symb. II. 71. Diceros longifolius, Pers. Synops. II. 164 ;
Bl. Bijdr. 751; Wall. Cat. 3884.

Penanec: Pulo Boutong, Curtis /—Disrris. §8.E. Asia generally.

2. ARTANEMA ANGUSTIFOLIUM, Benth. Scroph. Ind. 39. A herb, 2 to
3 feet high. Leaves sessile, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 3 to 4 in.
long, ‘25 to -75 in. wide. Flowers in racemes 6 to 9 in. long; pedicels
“15 in. long, always shorter than the calyx. Calyx of 5 sub-equal sepals,
‘2in. long. Corolla pale blue and white, or pink or white, ‘3 to °4 in.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 309

long. Capsule globose, -2 in. in diam. DC. Prod. X. 408; Hook. f.
Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 275. Diceros angustifolius, Wall. Cat. 3885.

Prenane: J. Scott ! Ridley 9412! Prrax: Scortechim ! Wray 2246!
2721! King’s Collector 3045! Panane: Ridley 21654! SINGAPORE:
Wallich 3885! Srtancor: Sepang, Ridley 7604! Jonore: Serom,
Fiidley 11134!

Very nearly related to A. sesamoides, which differs chiefly by its larger blue flowers
and larger capsules.

9. CURANGA, Juss.

Herbs, creeping or diffuse. Leaves opposite, ovate, crenate. lowers
in short terminal or pseudo-axillary racemes; bracts small, leafy ;
bracteoles 0. Calyx deeply 4-partite; upper and lower lobes very
large, lateral small and narrow. Corolla 2-lipped; upper lip outmost,
wide-arched, emarginate ; lower longer, spreading, 3-lobed; tube short.
Stamens 2, only the upper pair perfect, included, inserted on corolla-
tube; anthers connate with divaricate cells; lower pair of stamens
replaced by 2 clavate staminodes on corolla-throat. Ovary 2-celled ;
ovules in each cell numerous; style slender; stigma 2-lamellate.
Fruit an orbicular septicidal capsule, covered by the accrescent calyx-
lobes, valves separating from the broad placentiferous septum. Seeds:
many, rugose.—Distris. Species 2, §.H. Asiatic.

CurANGA AMARA, Juss. Ann. Mus. IX. 320. An annual glabrous
herb, with slender straggling divaricate branches, 2 to 3 feet long, root-
ing at the lower nodes. Leaves very bitter, ovate, crenate, obtuse or
acute, base truncate rounded or cuneate, entire ; blade 2 to 2°65 in. long,
1-5 to 2 in. wide; petiole very slender, ‘5 to -75 in. long. Flowers in
short, few-flowered racemes, 2 to 2°5 in. long ; pedicels -25 to -3 in., in
fruit 5 in. long. Calyx with the outer sepals broadly ovate-cordate,
membranous, reticulate, in flower -25 in., in fruit 5 in. long. Corolla
brownish-red. Capsule small, compressed, -15 in. across. Benth. in
DC. Prod. X. 408; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 275. Caranga amara,
Vahl Symb. I. 100. Gratiola amara, Roxb. Flor. Ind. I. 136. Her-
pestis amara, Benth. Scroph. Ind. 30. Symphalliwm torenioides, Gritt.
in Madr. Journ. Nat. Sc. ITV. 1,t.11. Tretsteria assamica, Griff. Notul.
TV. 111. Rumph. Herb. Amboin. V. t. 170, f. 1.

Perak: Scortechim 4998! Ridley 9742! Panane: Ridley 1346!
Senancor: izdley 8214!—Disrris. Hast Himalaya, Indo-China,
Malaya, Philippines.

10. Bonnaya, Link & Otto.

Herbs, annual, glabrous. Leaves opposite, serrate or entire. Flowers
solitary axillary, often passing into terminal racemes; bracteoles 0.

360 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Calyx 5-partite ; segments narrow, faintly imbricate. Corolla 2-lipped ;
upper lip outmost, erect, concave, 2-fid; lower larger, spreading,
3-lobed ; tube cylindric. Stamens 2; upper pair alone perfect, sub-
included; anthers contiguous, the cells divaricate ; lower pair represented
by 2 obtuse, glandular, entire staminodes on corolla-throat. Ovary
2-celled; ovules in each cell numerous; style slender; stigma 2-
lamellate. fruit a narrow, exserted, septicidal capsule; valves
separating from the placentiferous septum. Seeds many, small, rugose.
—Distris. Species about 10, in tropics of Hastern Hemisphere.

Leaves sharply, closely, deeply serrate :—

Leaves sessile ; flowers white or pink; stems green .. 1. B. brachiata.
Leaves petioled ; flowers purple; stems reddish .. .. 2. B. reptans.
Leaves remotely, shallowly serrate, or sub-entire; flowers violet-
purple :—
Leaves narrow-oblong .. ie Be .. 3. B. veronicefolia.
Leaves lanceolate bs ae bs oe xe ae eee Pie,
var. verbenefolia.

1. Bonnaya BRACHIATA, Link & Otto, Ic. Pl. Sel. I. 25,¢.11. An
erect rather rigid herb, 4 to 10 in. high; branches diffuse divaricate, thé
lowest decumbent below. Leaves oblong, obtuse or acute, margins
thickened and sharply closely deeply serrate with teeth mucronate ;
lamina ‘5 to 1:5 in. long; pedicels rigid about -25 in long; bracts small.
Calyx of 5 nearly free sepals -25 in. long. Corolla white or pink, -25 in.
long. Capsule slender, spreading or erect, ‘5 to ‘6 in. long. Benth. in
Wall. Cat. 3855, Scroph. Ind. 32, and DC. Prod. X. 420; Mig. Flor.
Ind. Bat. II. 695; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 284. B. serrata, Griff.
Notul. ITV. 108. B. pusilla, Benth. Scroph. Ind. 33; Wall. Cat. 3861.
Gratiola serrata, Roxb. Flor. Ind. I. 189, and ed. Carey & Wall. I. 140.
Rheede, Hort. Malab. IX. t. 59.

SincaporE: Wallich! Panane: Fidley /—Distris. India, Indo-
China, China, Malaya, Philippines.

Wallich’s Singapore specimen and one of Ridley’s from Pahang belong to the form
distinguished by Bentham as B. pusilla; another Pahang gathering (Ridley 2163)

consists of genuine B. brachiata, from which, however, B. pusilla, though separable
as a marked form, is hardly separable as a variety.

2. BoNNAYA REPTANS, Spreng. Syst. I. 41. A prostrate creeping
slender herb with reddish stem, branches and leaves beneath; branches.
diffuse spreading often 12 in. long. Leaves in distant pairs, obovate-
oblong, obtuse, margins thickened and sharply serrate with mucronate
teeth; base narrow-cuneate passing into a petiole -25 in. long; blade
-75 to 1:25 in. long, ‘5 in. wide. Flowers opposite in terminal racemes
sometimes 3 to 4 in. long; pedicels rigid, ‘25 in. long; bracts small.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 361

Calyx of 5 nearly equal sepals, °3 in. long. Corolla purple, °75 in. long.
Capsule very slender, spreading, 1 in. long. Benth. in DC. Prod. X.
420; Wall. Cat. 3856; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 284. B. ruelloides,
Spreng. Syst. 1.41. B. ciliata, Spreng. Syst. I. 41. Gratiola ciliata,
Koenig in Vahl Symb. I. 97. G. rwelloides, Koenig in Vahl Symb. I.
99. G. reptans, Roxb. Flor. Ind. I. 140. Henckelia Roxburghiana,
Dietr. Sp. Pl. I. 572.

PEnanc: Curtis! Prrax: Scortechin! Wray! Provincke WEL-
LESLEY: Jiidley 6985! Pananea: Ardley! Sincapore: Hullett !
fiidley !—DistTR1p. KE. Himalaya, India, Indo-China, Malaya,
Philippines.

3. BoNNAYA VERONICHZFOLIA, Spreng. Syst. I. 41. A flaccid decum-
bent or creeping herb, with ascending branches 4 to 8 in. long. Leaves
sub-sessile or narrowed into a short petiole, oblong or oblong-lanceolate
or obovate, or lanceolate, obtuse or acute, margin distantly serrate or
sub-serrate or sub-entire. Flowers opposite, in terminal leafy or naked
racemes sometimes up to 6 in. long usually much shorter, pedicels
rather flaccid, -25 in. to 35 in. long; bracts leafy or small. Calyx
of 5 nearly equal sepals ‘2 in. long. Corolla violet-purple, :25 to °35 in.
long. Capsule slender, sub-erect or spreading, ‘5 to °6 in. long.

Var. typica. Leaves usually obtuse, sometimes acute, always
distantly serrate, 1 to 2 in. long, ‘5 in. wide; racemes usually with
leafy bracts; corolla -25 in. long. B. veromcefolia, Wall. Cat. 3857 ;
Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 421; Wight Ic. t. 1411; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat.
II. 696; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 285. B. marginata, Spreng. Syst.
I. 41. B. rigida, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 3859. B. procumbens, Benth. in
Wall. Cat. 3860. 2B. Roth, Dietr. Sp. Pl. 1. 556. B. bracteata, Grif.
Notul. IV. 107. Gratiola veromcefolia, Retz Obs. IV. 8; Roxb. Pl.
Corom. II. 30, t. 154; Fl. Ind, I. 138; ed. Carey & Wall. I. 139.
G. margimata, Colsm. in Vahl Enum. I. 98. G. racemosa, Roth Nov.
pao:

Prenane : Balli Pulo, George Town, &c. Deschamps! SINGAPORE :
King’s Collector! Panane: Ridley! Matacca: Hervey! SELANGOR:
-fidley! JoHorE: Serom, Ridley !—Distris. Throughout §.H. Asia.

Var. verbenefolia, Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 285. Leaves
acute or sub-acute, distantly shallowly serrate or sub-entire, 1 to 1-5 in.
long, *2 to :25 in. wide; racemes usually marked with minute bracts;
corolla :35 in. long. B. verbenefolia, Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 421;
Wall. Cat. 3858; Wight, Ic. +. 1412. B. Roxburghiana, Dietr. Sp. Pl-
I. 559. B. cyanea, Griff. Notul. IV. 107. Gratiola verbenefolia, Colsm,
in Vahl Enum. I. 96. G. ciliata, Colsm. in Vahl Enum. I. 97.
G. racemosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. I. 188, and ed. Carey & Wall. 1.139. G.

362 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Roxburghiana, Roem. & Schult. Syst. I. 123. Tittmannia Colsmanmne,
Benth. in Wall. Cat. 3950. orenia gracilis, Benth. in Wall. Cat.
3952.

Matacca: Hervey! Prnana: Curtis! Prrax: Ridley! Scorte-
chuu !—Distris. Throughout S.E. Asia.

11. Scopartia, Linn.

Undershrubs or herbs with twiggy branches. Leaves opposite or
whorled, glabrous or pubescent, entire or toothed, punctate. lowers
small, white or yellow, axillary, solitary or 2-nate; bracteoles 0. Calyx
small, 4-5-partite; lobes imbricate. Corolla small, rotate, 4-lobed ;
lobes imbricate, sub-equal, obtuse; throat densely bearded; tube very
short. Stamens 4, sub-equal; filaments filiform ; anthers sub-sagittate,
cells diverging or parallel, discrete. Ovary 2-celled; ovules in each
cell numerous; style sub-clavate; stigma truncate or emarginate.
Frwt a small, ovoid or globose, septicidal capsule ; valves membranous,
with inflexed margins, separating from the placentiferous septum.
Seeds many, small, obovoid, angular, scrobiculate.—DistRIB. Species
about 6, all American.

ScopaRia DuLcIS, Linn. Sp. Pl. 116. A glabrous much-branched
erect or ascending leafy undershrub with a strong perennial woody
rootstock; stems 6 in. to 3 ft. high. Leaves opposite or ternate,
lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 1 to 2 in. long, ‘5 to 1°5 in. wide,
serrate, acute or obtuse, narrowed to a short petiole. Flowers many
minute in terminal panicles; pedicles slender, strict, -25 to °4 in. long.
Sepals 4, oblong. Corolla white, -12 in. in diam., tube very short.
Stamens sub-equal. Capsule globose, -15 in. in diam. Voigt Hort.
Suburb. Calcutt. 507; Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 481; Gaertn. Fruct. I.
251, t. 53, f. 10; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. IT. 699; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind.
IV. 289.

Penane: Kampai, Batu Gaja, &c., King! Deschamps! Curtis !
SELANGOR: Lizdley! Prax: Scortechini! SineaarorE: Hullett !
Kurz! King’s Collector ! Deschamps !—Distr1s. Hyerywhere in the
tropics ; originally American.

12. Srrica, Lour.

Herbs, semiparasitic on roots, usually scabrid, discoloured when dry.
Leaves opposite below, alternate above, linear, entire or rarely toothed
sometimes reduced to scales. Flowers axillary, or the upper in
bracteate spikes; bracteoles usually 2. Calyx 5-toothed or 5-fid, 5- or
10- or 15-ribbed, tubular. Corolla 2-lipped; upper lip inner in bud,

Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula. 363

usually shortly 2-fid or emarginate, lower 3-lobed; limb spreading; tube
slender abruptly incurved at or above the middle. Stamens 4, didyna-
mous, included; anthers 1-celled, vertical, dorsifixed, bases obtuse;
connective sometimes mucronate. Ovary 2-celled; ovules in each
cell numerous; style thickened upwards; stigma entire. Hrwt an
oblong or globose loculicidal capsule ; valves entire, firm, septiferous,
separating from the placentas. Sceds many, small, ovoid or oblong,
reticulated—Distris. Species 20, in the tropics of the Hastern
Hemisphere.

SrrigA LuTEA, Lour. Flor. Cochin-Chin. 22. A slender, erect,
simple or fastigiately branched herb, 6 to 18 in. high; leaves and stems
scabrid or villous. Leaves linear, ‘5 to 1:5 in. long, -12 in. wide.
Flowers in elongated, usually interrupted spikes, 2 to 6 in. long; bracts
usually exceeding the calyx, linear-lanceolate, scabrid. Calyx 10-
ribbed, -25 in. long, teeth 5, sub-equal. Corolla white or yellow or pink
or purple, ‘5 in. long, glabrous, incurved; upper lip emarginate reflexed ;
lower lip 3-lobed spreading. Capsule oblong, grooved, shorter than the
ealyx. Benth. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. I. 363; Hook. f. Flor. Brit.
Ind. IV. 299. S. hirsuta, Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 502; Dalz. & Gibs.
Bomb. Flor. 181. 8S. coccinea, Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 364. S. phenicea,
Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 364. Buchnera asiatica, Linn. Sp. Pl. 630
partly ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 31; Benth. Seroph. Ind. 40. JB. coccinea,
Benth. Scroph. Ind. 40, Wall. Cat. 3870. B. phenicea, Benth. Scroph.
Ind. 40; Wall. Cat. 3874. Campuleia coccinea, Hook. Flor. Exot. t. 203.
Rheede Hort. Malab. IX. . 66.

Prnane: Curtis 1840! Panane: Ardley! Stncarore: Ridley 159 ;
Kurz! Anpamans: Port Blair, King ! Prain !—Distris. Throughout
S.H. Asia, Arabia, Madagascar, Africa.

13. CENTRANTHERA, R. Br.

Herbs, semiparasitic, annual, rigid, scabrous. Leaves opposite
throughout, or opposite below alternate above, oblong or linear, obtuse,
entire or toothed. lowers axillary, or in bracteate spikes or racemes ;
bracteoles 2. Calyx compressed, spathaceous, split on one side,
acuminate entire, or shortly 3-5-lobed on the other. Corolla 5-lobed ;
lobes sub-equal, spreading, the 2 upper inmost in bud; limb oblique ;
tube long, incurved. Stamens 4, didynamous, included; anthers con-
tiguous in pairs; cells transverse, spurred or mucronate at base, one
cell often sterile. Ovary 2-celled; ovules in each cell numerous ;
style simple, dilated above; stigma acute, linguiform. Fruit an ovoid
or sub-globose loculicidal capsule; valves entire, carrying away the

364 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

placentas. Seeds many, small, oblong-cuneate; testa lax, reticulate —
Distris. Species 4-5, H. Asiatic and Australian.

CENTRANTHERA HUMIFUSA, Wall. Cat. 3883. A dwarf herb, diffusely
branching from the base, hispid or glabrous, branches 3 to 6 in. long.
Leaves linear, entire, ‘5 to -75 in. long. Flowers in terminal spikes,
sub-sessile; bracts small. Calyx ovoid, sub-acute, 15 in. long. Corolla
yellow, ‘3 tod in. long, incurved. Capsule sub-globose, -15 in. wide.
Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 525; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 301.
fazumovia tranquebarica, Spreng. Syst. II. 812. Torenia lepidota,
Roth Nov. Sp. 281.

Mauacca: Griffith! Sincapore: Kurz /—Distrrp. China, Indo-
China, India, Malaya.

Order LXXXIV. OROBANCHACEA.
[By D. Pratn.]

Root-parasites, annual, white or reddish. Stem simple or branched,
stout or slender, clothed with leaf-scales. Leaves proper 0. Flowers
solitary or in spikes or racemes, irregular. Sepals 4-5, usually connate
in a variously toothed or spathaceous calyx, rarely free. Corolla
hypogynous, 2-lipped; upper lip vaulted, lower lip 3-lobed; throat
often with 2 villous folds; tube curved. Stamens 4, didynamous,
inserted on corolla-tube; anthers 1—-2-celled; cells spurred at the base,
dehiscence by slits or basal pores; one cell sometimes imperfect. Disk
unilateral or glandular or obsolete. Ovary of 2 connate carpels, usually
1-celled; style long, tip curved; stigma 2-lobed, sub-capitate ; ovules
usually numerous on generally 2 pairs of free or confluent parietal
placentas which sometimes meet in the axis of the ovary. Capsule
1-celled, 2-valved; seeds usually many, minute, with a pitted or
tubercled, rarely reticulate and lax testa; albumen fleshy; embryo
ovoid, entire or 2-fid.

AHGINETIA, Linn.

Leafless parasitic herbs with simple or branched naked or scaly
stems or scapes. lowers few, large, solitary or corymbose; brac-
teoles 0. Calyx spathaceous, split in front almost to the base.
Corolla incurved, campanulate-tubular ; limb obscurely 2-lipped, lobes
somewhat spreading, the two upper lobes (upper-lip) connate. Stamens
included; anthers with one perfect cell adnate to filament and not
spurred; the other cell absent in upper anthers, empty clavate and
deflexed in the lower. Ovary 1-celled; placentas large, 2-lobed or
multifid, filling the chamber, ovuliferous throughout; style slender;

va

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 365

stigma large peltate. Capsule partially 2-valved. Seeds many, small,
crowded ; testa pitted —Distris. Species 3, 8.H. Asiatic.

AMGINETIA PEDUNCULATA, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. III. 13, t. 219. A
leafless herb, 3 to6 in. high; stems red or yellow, parasitic on roots,
buried, emitting several short stout fleshy several-flowered scapes with
alternate peduncled flowers; peduncles 1 to 4 in. long, stout, bracteate
at base; bracts -25 to -35 in., ovate, obtuse. Calyx 1:5 to 2 in. long,
fleshy, dull-pink at length yellowish-white, with a mucilaginous pad
surrounding base of corolla, tip acute or obtuse. Corolla-twbe yellow
or white, the lobes violet or claret-coloured, crenate and erose.
Stamens didynamous, anthers of lower pair with a large dorsal fleshy
decurved horn. Ovary 1-celled, placentas 2, each of 2 plates; stigma
cordate-peltate. Capsule ovoid. Seeds brown. Reut. in DC. Prod. XI.
43; Wight Il. t. 158n, f. 6; Ic. t. 1421; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV.
320. 4. abbreviata, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 3965; Benth. Scroph. Ind.
95; Reut.in DC. Prod. X1.48. 4. acaulis, Walp. Rep. III. 481; Reut.
in DC. Prod. XI. 48. Orobanche pedunculata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 45;
Peeing wi. 29). O. acaules, Roxb. Cor. Pl. WW. 89, & 292, and #1.
inde 29.

PeRAK: Batang Padang Valley, 2,000 feet; Wray 1456! 1457 !—
Distris. India, Indo-China, Java, Sumatra.

One of Wray’s specimens is attached to the rhizome of a Kempferia.

CHRISTISONIA, Gardn.

Low fleshy scaly parasitic herbs, with yellow or white or rose-purple
flowers; stems simple or tufted from a short or long rootstock; scales
alternate, obtuse or acute. lowers densely or laxly corymbose ;
bracteoles 2 or 0. Calyx tubular, terete or angular, 2—5-lobed or
-toothed. Corolla-twbe long, inflated or funnel-shaped, slightly or
distinctly curved, 5-lobed, obscurely to distinctly 2-lipped, the two
upper lobes (in our species outer in bud) sub-erect, the lower spread-
ing. Stamens 4, included or sub-exserted; filaments stout; anthers
with one perfect cell and one imperfect, one pair sometimes spurred
or appendaged ; rarely with both cells perfect. Disk 0. Ovary 1-celled
with two 2-partite placentas, or 2-celled from the placentas meeting in
the axis; style long, tip incurved, stigma large, 2-lobed, the upper lobe
very small or obsolete, the lower (sometimes the only one present) very
large orbicular or clavate; ovules numerous. Capsule ovoid or sub-
globose, loculicidal. Seeds minute, crowded, many perfect with striate
testa, others imperfect with lax testa; embryo half as long as the
albumen.—Distris. Species 12, tropical Asiatic.

366 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

CHRISTISONIA SCORTECHINIL, Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng.
LXXITI. 2. 205. Stem short hypogeal, covered with linear scales.
Flowers 3 to 8, crowded in a dense corymb; some shortly peduncled,
others sessile, each with an oblong cucullate basal bract -75 in. long;
all parts loaded with sticky mucilage. Calyx spathaceous, rupturing
into usually 2 (sometimes, fide Scortechini, into 2 to 4) lobes, in the
fully opened flower with tube 1 in., lobes :25 in. long. Corolla-tube
white, with a yellow line iside in front, 2 in. long, infundibuliform
and curved above, the lower part narrow-cylindric 1 in. long; limb
2-labiate, upper lip outmost in bud, erect, 2-lobed, lower lip 3-lobed,
spreading. Stamens didynamous; anthers all conniving; filaments
elabrous, inserted below middle of corolla-tube, 1-celled, adnate to the
enlarged filament, upper pair without, lower with an empty oblong
pointed cell. Disk 0. Ovary glabrous, 1-celled, placentas 2, 2-fid,
uniformly covered with ovules; style glabrous downwards; stigma
peltate, flat, -2 in. in diam.

PERAK: Scortechim, 2121!

Order LXXXV. LENTIBULARIACEA.
[By D. Pratn. }

Marsh or aquatic herbs, or occasionally growing on wet rocks.
Teaves radical, rosulate or when submerged capillary-multifid, some-
times obsolete. Flowers irregular, hermaphrodite, on 1—many-flowered
simple or branched scapes; bracts small, sometimes 0; bracteoles
under calyx 2 or 0. Calyx inferior, 2-5-lobed. Corolla 2-lipped and
spurred ; upper lip usually the smaller, entire or emarginate ; lower lip
3—6-lobed. Stamens 2, adnate to the base of the corolla, alternate with
the lobes of the lower lip ; filaments widely curving, anther-cells ovate,
transversely confluent; dehiscence longitudinal. Carpels 2, connate in
a superior, globose, 1-celled ovary; ovules very many, on a free basal
placenta; style short; stigma unequally 2-lobed. Frmut a globose
2-4-valved, or irregularly rupturing capsule. Seeds very many, minute;
albumen 0.—Distrrin. Species nearly 200, in all parts of the world.

UrricunariA, Linn.

Herbs, often very small, submerged or floating, or growing on wet
rocks. Leaves in submerged or floating species multifid, with capillary
segments, in erect or twining species entire, often disappearing at time
of flowering, frequently with minute bladders. lowers on simple or
branched scapes, racemes few- or many-flowered; bracts and 2 bracteoles

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 367

distinct. Calyx 2-partite ; lobes entire or nearly so, often accrescent.
Corolla 2-lipped; upper lip entire or emarginate; lower larger
3-6-lobed ; tube with a straight or curved spur. Stamens 2, adnate to
base of corolla, alternate with lobes of lower lip; filaments broad ;
anthers ovate, 2-celled, or by confluence almost 1-celled. Carpels
connate in a globose l-celled ovary; ovules many, on a central
placenta; style short; stigma unequally 2-lobed. Capsule globose,
regularly 2-4-valved, or opening irregularly. Seeds many, small;
albumen 0.—Distris. Species 150, in most countries.

Leaves many, submerged, scattered, divided into numerous capil-
lary segments mostly interspersed with bladders; calyx-lobes
equal or nearly so; pedicels not winged :—
Flowers yellow to pale-yellow or nearly white :—
Peduncles very slender; flowers usually two, never more
than three, always under -25 in. across; pedicels in fruit
erect : sometimes the capillary leaves absent .. 1. U. exoleta.
Peduncles stout; flowers usually more than three, and
always from -35 to -5 in. across; pedicels reflexed in fruit
and thickened under the calyx ate 25 U. flexuosa.
Flowers blue or red or pink ; pedicels erect in fen .. 3. U. punctata.
Leaves few, rosulate at base of stem :—
Leaves linear or linear-spathulate, usually absent at time of
flowering ; calyx-lobes equal or nearly so; seeds not glochi-
diate :—
Scales of the scape and bracts attached by their bases :—
Stems erect :—
Flowers yellow ; pedicels in fruit distinctly winged .. 4. U. bifida.
Flowers pink, purple, or violet, rarely white with lilac
markings :-—
Pedicels in fruit slightly winged; sometimes a fm) ;
Le still present at time of flowering ; stems 8 to} 2 U- imis
2 in. high, stoutish bal VAR. Grifithit.
ee in fruit capillary, Shore Wiielues - leaves 0
at time of flowering; stems 2 to 3 in. high, very
slender a6 é0 .. 6. U. minutissima.
Stems twining ; omens salliems —
Stems slender, leaves absent at time of mel ier lower

Ke)

lip less than ‘25 in. wide ae 7. U. Wallichiana.
Stems stouter; leaves forming matted masses ; eran
lip over °3 in. ihe ee 8. U. involvens.

Scales of the scape and bracts scetaaed iopne neler
point of attachment :—
Flowers on distinct pedicels as long as the fruiting calyx
or longer; capsule longer than ane calyx-lobes ; flowers
pink (Ridley) 56 9. U. verticillata.
Flowers almost or quite sessile ; “capsule fdeen by the
fruiting calyx-lobes :—
Flowers few, scattered on the very slender scapes;) 10. U. racemosa
corolla white Es re 42 ..) var. filicaulis.

368 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Flowers many or few, congested at the ends of the

stouter rigid scapes and branches; corolla rarely pure

white .. Se Ms ag .. ll. U. ophirensis.
Leaves orbicular or spathulate-orbicular, persistent; calyx-lobes
very unequal, the upper the larger; seeds glochidiate; stems
very slender, lip pale-violet or white with a yellow centre .. 12. U. orbiculata.

1. UrricunsRIA EXOLETA, R. Br. Prod. 430. A water-weed, some-
times floating with very slender stems and submerged divided capillary
leaves, the segments interspersed with bladders; sometimes growing
in mud with capillary leaves absentand with tufted setaceous leaves.
Scapes slender, naked, or with one or two scale-like bracts, 2 to 4 in.
long, usually 2-flowered, occasionally 3-flowered, sometimes 1-flowered,
then often with an abortive axis or flower-bud opposite the bract ;
pedicels slender, erect, the lowest ultimately -4 in. long; bracts very
small, obtuse, basifixed; bracteoles 0. Calyx 2-lobed; lobes slightly
unequal, ovate-obtuse or sub-orbicular, in fruit adpressed to the capsule,
‘Lin. long. Corolla yellow, ‘2 in. across; spur cylindric-conical, twice
as long as lower calyx-lobe and slightly exceeding lower lip of corolla,
which has an entire margin and embraces the base of the spur. Capsule
almost globose, ‘15 in. in diam. Seeds sub-trapezoid-discoid, margin
thin, spreading, minutely crenulate. A. DC. Prod. VIII. 7; Hook. f.
Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 329; Ridl. Journ. Bot. XXXIII. 10. U. diantha,
Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. I. 169; Wight Ic. t. 1569; Oliv. Journ.
Linn. Soc. ITI. 175. U. diflora, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 4. U. biflora, Roxb.
Fl. Ind. I. 148, nec alior. U. Roxburgh, Spreng. Syst. I. 52. U.
elegans, Wall. Cat. 1502. U. pterosperma, Edgew. Proc. Linn. Soe. I. 352.

PreRAK: Sunga Ryah, King’s Collector 891! 4383! Ridley! Sinea-
pore: Ridley. Prov. WELLESLEY: Ridley! JoHore: Parit Lombong,
Ridley ! Pawane: Kwala Pahang, Ridley! Nicopars: Kamorta, Kurz !
—Distris. S.H. Asia, N. Australia.

2. UrRicuLaRia FLEXxvOSA, Vahl Enum. I. 198. A floating water-
weed with submerged divided capillary leaves, the segments interspersed
with bladders; occasionally with narrow, oblong, floating vesicles
1 to 3 in. long, beset with capillary leaves, scattered or sometimes
whorled near or occasionally above the base of the scapes. Scapes
3 to 10 in. long, 3-12-flowered ; pedicels stout, reflexed, and slightly
thickened under the calyx in fruit, ultimately ‘3 to ‘5 in. long; bracts
ovate-acute, basifixed; bracteoles 0. Calyx 2-lobed, lobes sub-equal,
ovate-sub-acute, in fruit patent, -25 in. long. Corolla yellow, rarely
white, -3 to °5 in. across; spur somewhat longer than lower calyx-
lobe, and about as long as lower lip of corolla, stoutish, bluntish,
straight or somewhat curved. Capsule compressed, sub-globose, ‘25 in.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 369

long. Seeds thickly discoid, margin thin, incurved towards the concave
face, usually 5-6-angled. Bl. Bijdr. 739; A. DC. Prod. VIII. 24;
Oliv. Journ. Linn. Soc. III. 175; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 329;
Ridl. Journ. Bot. XXXIIT. 10. U. australis, R. Br. Prod. 430;
A. DC. Prod. VIII. 6. JU. fasciculata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. I. 143; Wall.
Cat. 1499; A. DC. Prod. VIII. 7; Wight Ic. t. 1568; Migq. Flor. Ind.
Bat. Suppl. 246. U. confervifola, Don Prod. 84; A. DC. Prod.
VIII. 8. -U. mequalis, Benj. Linnea XX. 304. U. Blumei, Mig. FI.
Ind. Bat. I1. 994. U. extensa, Hance in Walp. Ann. IIT. 3.

Matacca: Ridley! Panana: Kwala Pahang, [izdley! Prrax:
Scortechint ! Durian S. Batang, King’s Collector 1036! Srincarore:
Rirdley 5642, 9844! Kepan: Langkawi, Curtis !/—Distris. S.E. Asia,
N. Australia.

Forma gracilis, Oliv. Journ. Linn. Soc. III. 175 (= U. mequalis,
Benj.) more slender in all its parts and with smaller paler yellow
flowers.

SINGAPORE: King’s Collector 1165! Hullett 36! 385! Matacca:
Cuming ! Goodenough 1407! Fidley! Prov. WELLESLEY: Firdley !

The very similar and nearly allied U. stellaris, distinguished most easily by the
presence of a cluster of oblong vesicles about the middle of the peduncle, has not been
reported so far from the Malayan Peninsula.

King’s Collector’s field-note on the slender form, which the writer agrees with Oliver
in considering no more than a form of U. flexuosa, is as follows: ‘‘ Herbaceous plant,
in clear pools of fresh water; colour bright green. Flowers pale yellow. I sent a
similar one from Durian 8S. Batang, but I don’t think the same.” His field-note on
genuine U. flexuosa is as follows: ‘‘ Growing in muddy pools of water; colour a dark
reddish-brown, tinged with green; flower bright yellow.”

In his interesting paper on the Utricularias of the Malay Peninsula (Journ. Bot.
for 1895, pp. 10, 11) Mr. Ridley gives as localities for U. flexuosa Pahang and Kedah,
Langkawi, but does not differentiate the two forms. The leaves, he remarks, are used
in medicine by the Malays, who call it Lumut Ekor Kuching (Cat’s Tail Moss) or Lumut
Ekor Kuning (Yellow Tail Moss).

3. UTRICULARIA PUNCTATA, Wall. Cat. 2121. A floating water-
weed, with submerged divided capillary leaves, the segments interspersed
with bladders, often with narrow, oblong, floating vesicles 1 to 3 in.
long, beset with capillary leaves, near the base of the scapes. Scapes
4 to 12 in., usually many-flowered; pedicels slender, ascending or
sub-erect in fruit, ultimately °5 to-6 in. long; bracts ovate, more or less
acute, slightly produced beyond base; bracteoles 0. Calyx 2-lobed,
lobes sub-equal, ovate-rotund, obtuse, ‘1 in. long. Corolla blue, reddish-
purple or pink, -25 in. across, spur somewhat longer than lower calyx-
lobe, shorter than lower lip of corolla, thick, sub-cylindric, obtuse.
Capsule thin, ovate-oblong, obtuse, ‘2 in. long. Seeds discoid, peltate,

370 Flora of the Malayan Penimsula.

margin winged throughout, wing deeply, sharply toothed. A. DC.
Prod. VIII. 5; Wight Ic. t. 1570; Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soe. III. 175;
Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 329; Ridl. Journ. Bot. XX XIII. 10.

PaHanG: Chenei Lake, Fox /—Distrip. Borneo, Tenasserim.

4, UTRICULARIA BIFIDA, Linn. Sp. Pl. 26. A slender erect weed
of wet places; leaves radical, linear-spathulate, disappearing before
flowering, °3 to ‘5 in. long; roots fibrous, sometimes with afew bladders.
Scapes 2 to 10 in. long, 2-many-flowered, beset with a few basifixed
ovate-acute scales or empty bracts; pedicels short, in flower -12 in., in
fruit -2 in. long, recurved and distinctly winged from the decurrent
calyx, with ovate-acute basal bracts. Calyx 2-lobed; lobes sub-equal,
ovate-obtuse, ‘25 in. long. Corolla yellow, -25 in. wide; spur longer
than the lower calyx-lobe and as long as the lower lip of the corolla,
slightly faleate. Capsule ovate, -2 in. long, hidden by the calyx. Seeds
obovoid, testa lax, scrobiculate, obliquely striate. A. DC. Prod. VIII. 21;
Oliv. Journ, Limn: Soe: III. 182; Hook, f, Mor. Britain. Wyss se7
Ridl. Journ. Bot. XXXITI. 10. U. biflora, Wall. Cat. 1498 (not of
Roxb.). U. diantha, A. DC. Prod. VIII. 21 (not of Roem. & Schult.).
U. Wallichiana, Benj. Bot. Zeit. 1845 214 (not of Wight). U. brevicaulis,
Benj. Linnza XX. 303.

Prenane: Curtis! Sevancor: Ridley! Prax: Larut, Scortechini!
Selama, growing among grass in swampy places, Wray 4263! Ridley !
Prov. WELLESLEY: in wet and swampy places, King’s Collector 1616!
SINGAPORE: in wet, sandy hollows, Kurz 2973! Ridley! Manacca:
Griffith! Hervey! Ridley! Panane: Kwala Pahang, Ridley 1481!
Kepau: Curtis—Distris. Throughout H. and §.E. Asia.

Mr. Ridley has seen specimens of this species from the Dindings and from Penang,
also from Kedah, Langkawi. He finds two rather distinct forms, a small-flowered,
plain yellow:one and a form with larger flowers over -25 in. long with a darker orange
centre; this latter Ridley found in Pahang growing with the common form.

5. UTRICULARIA AFFINIS, Wight; var. Groffithu, Oliv. Journ. Linn.
Soc. III. 179. A slender erect weed of wet places. Leaves radical,
linear or linear-spathulate, obtuse, very often persisting during
flowering, ‘5 to -7 in. long; roots fibrous, sometimes with a few
bladders. Scapes 5 to 12 in. long, usually many-flowered ; beset with
a few basified ovate-acute scales or empty bracts; pedicels short, -1 in.
long in flower, in fruit 15 in. long and slightly winged by the decurrent
calyx, erect or ascending, never recurved and rarely patent, with ovate-
acute basal bracts. Calyx 2-lobed-; lobes sub-equal, ovate or sub-
orbicular, acute or sub-cuspidate, ‘25 in. long. Corolla blue with
whitish lines, ‘25 in. wide; spur slightly longer than the lower calyx-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, 371

lobe and the lower lip of the corolla. Capsule ovate, -2 in. long, hidden
by the calyx. Seeds obovoid, reticulate, cells of the testa sub-hexa-
gonal. U. Griffith, Wight Ic. t. 1576; Ridl. Journ. Bot. XXXIII. 10.
U. cerulea, Benth. Fl. Hongk. 256 (not of Linn.).

Manaccoa: Griffith! Ridley! Perak: Scortechint! SINGAPoRE:
Hullett ! Ridley !—Distr1e. China, Burma, Tenasserim, Borneo.

There are only shrivelled leaves on Ridley’s and Wight’s specimens, which are
mostly in fruit; Scortechini’s specimens, which are in flower, have numerous radical
grassy linear-spathulate obtuse leaves, ‘5 in. long or rather longer. Mr. Ridley, in
all probability rightly, considers that this is entitled to specific rank apart from
U. affnis.

6. UTRICULARIA MINUTISSIMA, Vahl Enum. I. 204. A very small
erect weed of wet places; leaves 0 at time of flowering and not seen;
roots fibrous, bladders not seen. Scapes capillary, rigid, branched, 2 to
3 in. long, quite glabrous, or with a few rigid scattered black hairs;
racemes 2-5-flowered, beset with a few basifixed ovate-acute empty
bracts or scales; pedicels very short, in fruit only ‘05 in. long,
oceasionally like the upper calyx-lobe with a few straight black hairs,
sub-patent, with small lanceolate basifixed bracts and bracteoles, less
than half as long as their pedicels. Calyx 2-lobed, lobes sub-equal
wide-oblong, obtuse, in fruit -1 in. long. Corolla mauve, ‘15 in. wide;
spur wide-conic-cylindric, thrice as long as lower calyx-lobe and twice
as long as lower lip of corolla. Capsule oblong, ‘07 in. long, covered
by the calyx. Seeds minute, ovoid, obscurely scrobiculate. A. DC.
Prod. VIII. 16; Oliv. Journ. Linn. Soc. ITI. 190; Hook. f. Flor. Brit.
Ind. IV. 334; Ridl. Journ. Bot. XXXITT. 11.

PerRAK: Larut, Scortechint 1501! Panane: Kwala Pahang, Ridley
1474c im part! Mauacca: Koenig; on Mount Ophir, Ridley.

This small plant, collected by Scortechini with no note of colour, and stated by
Ridley to have mauve flowers, is here identified with U. minutissima, Vahl, from
description only. The branched capillary stems render it very like and very liable
to be mistaken for small specimens of U. verticillata, which has, however, longer
pedicels and bracts produced below their point of insertion. The presence of hairs
on the stems, pedicels, and sometimes the calyx, at once suggests a reference to
‘U. hirta, which is undoubtedly its nearest affinity. The scape, however, appears
never to branch in U. hirta; the flowers in that species are larger and fewer; the
pubescence, too, when present in U. minutissima, which is not always the case, is very
different, consisting of rigid patent black bristly hairs, whereas in U. hirta the hairs
are soft and grey ortawny. The seeds of the two species are very similar, but those of
U. minutissima are smaller and yet have fewer- and larger-meshed sub-hexagonal
reticulations.

7. Urricunarnia WatLicaiana, Wight Ic. t. 1572, fig. 1. A very
slender herb growing in wettish fields and damp grassy places; stems
26

372 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

twining, thin, 6 to 8 in. long. Leaves linear-spathulate, absent at time
of flowering; bladders not seen. Flowers small, racemose or sub-
Spicate at ends of stems; pedicels sometimes absent, sometimes up
to ‘25 in. long; bracts lanceolate, acute, basifixed. Calyx-lobes ovate,
acute, ‘15 in. long, in fruit -2 in. long. Corolla yellow; upper lip
obovate, lower rounded, -2 in. wide; spur straight or slightly incurved,
‘2 in. long. Capsule sub-globose, enclosed within calyx-lobes, upraised
on the sub-erect fruiting pedicels. Seeds ellipsoid, scrobiculate but not
glochidiate or papillose. Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. IIT. 182; Clarke
in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 332; Ridl. Journ. Bot. XXXIII. 11.
U. scandens, Benj. in Linnea XX. 309 chiefly. U. macrolepis, Wight
Ic. t. 1580, fig. 2. fide Clarke. U. capillacea, Thw. Enum. 171 (not of
Oliv.).

Mauacca: Mount Ophir, at 4,000 feet elevation, growing among
grasses, fidley !—Distris. Throughout India.

8. UTRICULARIA INVOLVENS, Ridl. Journ. Bot. XXXITI. 11. A
tufted herb forming mats of leaves on rocks in streams; stems twining,
fairly stout, 12 in. long. Leaves thinly membranous, spathulate-linear,
obtuse, 1 in. long or longer, ‘lin. across. Flowers large, racemed at
ends of stems; pedicels ‘5 to ‘75 in. long; bracts lanceolate, acute,
basifixed, ‘1 in. long. Calyx-lobes oblong-ovate, 25 in. long. Corolla
lemon-yellow ; upper lip obovate, lower rounded, 2-lobed, °35 in. wide ;
spur straight, pendulous, acute or acuminate, ‘25 in. long. Capsule
unknown.

Krpau: Kedah Peak (Gunong Jerai), at 3,000 feet elevation, in
streams and wet places, Ridley !

A very fine and remarkably distinct species.

9. UTRICULARIA VERTICILLATA, Benj. Linnea XX. 312. A slender
erect weed of wet places. Leaves 0 at time of flowering and not seen ;
roots fibrous, bladders not seen. Scapes slender, sometimes capillary,
rigid, branched, 3 to 10 in. long, glabrous; beset with a few ovate
scales or empty bracts, acute at both ends and produced downwards
beyond point of insertion; pedicels capillary, puberulous, °2 in. long in
flower, in fruit -25 in. long ; bracts and bracteoles produced below point
of insertion. Calyx 2-lobed, lobes sub-equal, sub-orbicular, in fruit -1 in.
long. Corolla (? yellow) -15 in. wide; spur wide-cylindric, slightly
exceeding lower lip of corolla. Capsule globose, ‘15 in. in diam.,
projecting beyond the closely adpressed calyx-lobes. Seeds minute,
with sub-hexagonal reticulations. Oliv. Journ. Linn. Soc. III. 184;
Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 333; Ridl. Journ. Bot. XXXII. 10.
U. bifida, Wight Ic. t. 1584, f. 2 (not of Linn.).

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 373

Kepan: Langkawi, Curtis! Mauacca: Griffith! Panane: Kwala
Pahang, Ridley 1481 in part !

Oliver has suggested that the colour of the corolla in this species is yellow, and the
fact that Ridley has mixed it (under his n. 1481) with U. bifida might be taken as cor-

roborating Oliver’s opinion. Ridley, in his paper on the Malay Peninsula Utricularias,
says, however, that the flowers are pink.

10. UrricunariA RACEMoSA, Wall.; var. filicaulis, Clarke in Flor.
Brit. Ind. IV. 333. A slender herb of damp places. Leaves linear
or spathulate, absent at time of flowering ; roots fibrous, bladders not
seen. Scapes erect, very slender, 2 to 4 in. high, rarely higher, rather
rigid, occasionally with a few branches, glabrous; beset with a few
ovate scales or empty bracts acute at both ends and produced below
point of attachment. Flowers few scattered sessile; bracts and
bracteoles ovate-lanceolate, attached above the base. Calyx 2-lobed,
lobes sub-equal, the upper slightly the longer, obtuse, ‘1 in. long «in
flower, in fruit -12 in. long. Corolla white, from -15 to °2 in. across;
spur straight, conical or sub-cylindric, longer than lower lip of corolla.
Capsule globose, ‘1 in. long, hidden by the adpressed calyx-lobes. Seeds
minute, obscurely scrobiculate. U. filicaulis, Wall. Cat. 1501; A. DC.
Prod. VIII. 21; Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soe. III. 186. U: nivea, Vahl
Enum. I. 203 ; Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. I. 144; Wight
Ie. t. 1582. U. setacea, Wall. Cat. 6398 partly. U. campestris, Miq. in
Pl. Hohenack. n. 596. U. racemosa, Ridl. Journ. Bot. XXXIII. 10
(hardly of Wall.).

Manacca: Ayer Keroh, Ridley 10706! Pananea: Kwala Pahang,
Firdley 14744! Sincarore: Changi, Aidley. Prenana: Waterfall,
Curtis, fide Ridley—Distris. Indo-China, India.

This plant probably quite deserves to be considered a species distinct from

U. racemosa, though except in its usually smaller size and its white instead of blue
flowers, there is little to distinguish the two.

11. UTRICULARIA OPHIRENSIS, Ridl. Journ. Bot. XXXIII. 10. A
herb. Leaves linear-spathulate or spathulate, absent at time of flowering ;
roots fibrous; bladders not seen. Scapes erect 8 to 16 in. high, slender,
rigid, often branching, glabrous; beset with a few ovate scales or
empty bracts acute at both ends and produced below point of attach-
ment. J lowers sessile, clustered at the ends of the stems and branches
in globose or oblong heads °3 to °5 in. long, *25 in. across; bracts and
bracteoles ovate-lanceolate, attached above the base. Calyx 2-lobed,
lobes sub-equal, the upper slightly the larger, obtuse, ‘1 in. long in
flower, in fruit ‘12 in. long. Corolla -25 in. across, variable in colour,
the lower lip rose-coloured (Fzdley), both lips blueish with a yellow

374 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

hairy gland in the centre of the lower lip inside (Scortechint), or white
(Curtis, Kunstler), or white with a yellow tinge (Kunstler); spur straight
with an incuryed tip (Ridley), or curved ascending (Scortechint), -2 in.
long. Capsule globose or depressed-globose, hidden by the adpressed
calyx-lobes, ‘1 in. long. Seeds oblong or obovate, brown, the broad
end glochidiate.

Perak: Larut, King’s Collector 1931! 3820! Thaipeng, Wray 131!
Scortechint 376! Prnane: Waterfall, Curtis! Matacca: Padang
Batu, Ridley 10091 !

This species, which is here sustained on the authority of Mr. Ridley, who knows
well the Malayan Utricularias in the field, does not differ very greatly from U. racemosa,
Wall.; not so much indeed as does the variety jilicaulis previously described. It
matters little whether the three forms are considered specifically distinct or are

treated as manifestations of one protean species. A drawing by Mr. Ridley shows
pink fiowers.

12. UTRICULARIA ORBICULATA, Wall. Cat. 1500. A slender herb
growing on wet banks, rocks, or tree-trunks. Leaves all radical or on
small offsets, persistent, orbicular or orbicular-spathulate, -15 in. across;
petioles distinct -15 to -25 in. long; roots fibrous, sometimes with
bladders. Scapes erect, sub-capillary, 2 to 5 in. long; usually
2-4-flowered, sometimes 6—10-flowered; naked or with one or two
empty scales, slightly produced at the base; flowers on capillary
pedicels -15 to -25 in. long, rather distant; bracts and bracteoles
minute, ovate-acute. Calyx 2-lobed, the lower lobe very much smaller
than the upper, both obtuse, the upper often emarginate, -12 in. long
in fruit and about as broad as long. Corolla pale violet or white with
a yellow centre, -2 to ‘25 in. wide, with an explanate 5-lobed lower
lip and a linear sub-acute spur -2 in. long about as long as the
lower lip. Capsule globose, ‘1 in. across, covered by the upper
calyx-lobe but projecting beyond the lower. Seeds minute, obo-
void, glochidiate throughout the upper thicker half. A. DC. Prod.
VIII. 18; Oliv. Journ. Linn. Soc. III. 187; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb.
Flor. 136; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 334; Ridl. Journ. Bot.
XXXII. 11. U. pusilla, Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 165. U. glochidiata,
Wight Ic. t. 1581.

KepaH: Telayah Tujon, Curtis! Prrax: Larut, Scortechin
376! on Gunong Bubu, growing on steep side of hill in the sun,
amongst moss, at 5,000 feet, flower pale violet; Wray 3880! on
Gunong Mas, at 5,000 feet, flower white with yellow centre;

Wray 4146! Matacca: Mount Ophir, Griffith; Ridley !—Distr1p
Throughout §.E. Asia.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 375

Order LXXXVII. BIGNONIACEA.

Trees or climbing shrubs, more rarely herbs. Leaves opposite,
rarely whorled or alternate, entire or 1- 2- 3-pinnate or digitate ;
leaflets entire or sometimes toothed. Inflorescence of terminal racemes
or panicles; bracts various; flowers showy, usually large, hermaphro-
dite, irregular or regular. Calyx gamosepalous, campanulate, truncate
or spathaceous or 2—5-lobed, valvate. Corolla gamopetalous, tubular-
ventricose, mouth 2-lipped; lobes 5, sub-equal, patent or erecto-patent,
bilabiately imbricate in bud. Stamens alternate with the corolla-lobes,
inserted on the tube, 5 or more usually 4 from the fifth being absent
or rudimentary ; filaments filiform, often slightly thickened and some-
times hairy at the base; anthers 2-celled, included or shortly exsert ;
cells oblong or linear, parallel or divergent, dehiscing longitudinally.
Disk hypogynous, cushion-like or annular, sometimes absent. Ovary
sessile or shortly stalked, superior, 1—-2-celled; style long, filiform ;
stigma of 2 flattened ovate or oblong lobes; ovules numerous, usually
horizontal, anatropous, inserted in 2 to many rows in vertical lines along
the edges of the septum in each cell. Frwit generally an elongate
capsule, loculicidally or septicidally bivalved; the septum enlarged in
fruit, deciduous together with the placentas. Seeds transverse, affixed
by their margins to the septum or to enlarged placentas, vertically
compressed, discoid or trigonous, often with a broad wing, embryo
usually enveloped in a fine interior membrane; exalbuminous, coty-
ledons flattened, sometimes folded, radicle stout, lateral.—DisTR1B.
Tropical regions of the world, a few in warm temperate regions ;
absent from Hurope, the Mediterranean region and New Zealand.
Species about 50.

Stamens 5; a tree with opposite 2-3-pinnate leaves and very
large flat capsules Si ab a6 .. 1. Ornoxyium.
Stamens 4; trees :—
Anther-cells 2, both perfect :—
Leaves 1-3-pinnate :—
Calyx spathaceous, split on one side o% .. 2. DoLIcHANDRONE.
Calyx lobed or truncate :—
Septum of the capsule cylindric, spongy :—
Septum prominently pitted; seeds trigonous, trans-
versely grooved without, inner lobe fitting into the

septum-pit; ovules 2-seriate in each cell.. .. 3. STEREOSPERMUM.
Septum only faintly pitted; seeds flat; ovules many-
seriate in each cell 50 4, RADERMACHERA.

Septum flat, capsule winged; a large tree with large
flowers .. aly 3a on .- 9. PAJANELIA.

376 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Leaves simple, often verticillate ; calyx usually more or less

bilabiate Ss ie a: ae .. 6. DIPLANTHERA.
Anther-cells 1 perfect, 1 reduced to a small hook; a tall tree
with 2-3-pinnate leaves and very long narrowly-linear corolla-
tube. . 35 BI a6 gis .. 7. MimLineTonta.

1. Onoxyium, Vent.

A glabrous tree. Leaves opposite, large, 2-3-pinnate; leaflets entire.
Flowers large, in a long, stout, terminal raceme. Calyx large, leathery,
campanulate, truncate or obscurely toothed, persistent. Corolla large,
fleshy; tube campanulate-ventricose ; lobes 5, 2 in upper, 3 in lower
lip, recurved, toothed, crumpled. Stamens 5 inserted near base of tube,
posterior one the shortest. Anthers 2-celled; cells parallel, oblong.
Disk large, cushion-like. Ovary sub-sessile, contracted at the base,
compressed; style slender; stigma 2-lobed; ovules in 4 vertical rows
on each placenta, very many. Capsule very large, broadly linear,
compressed parallel to the septum, septifragally 2-valved. Seeds very
many, flattened, surrounded by a broad hyaline wing.—Distris. A
single §.H. Asiatic species.

OroxyLuM inpicum, Vent. Dec. Gen. Nov. 8 (1808). A small tree,
reaching 30 to 40 feet in height, with a clean bole and few branches or
often none, the head bearing leaves only ; branches thick; bark some-
what fleshy; pith large. Leaves extremely large, 1-3-pinnate, the
lower 3-, middle ones 2-, upper 1-pinnate ; 3 to 5 feet long, triangular in
outline; rachis smooth, striate, stout, swollen at the base (pulvinus) and
joints ; primary pinne about 45 pairs, the lower ones 2-pinnate at base,
pinnules 3- to 5-foliolate; leaflets ovate, entire, acuminate at apex, side
ones rounded and often unequal at base, terminal one cuneate at base ;
3 to 6 in. long, 2 to 2°5 in. broad; main-nerves 4 to 5 pairs; petiolules
slender, -2 to:3 in. long. Kaceme branch-like, 2 to 3 feet long, very thick,
lower part prominently marked with the ovate scars of fallen pedicels ;
pedicels ‘5 in. long, stout; bracteoles fused with pedicels. Calyx cam-
panulate, 1 in. long, fleshy, truncate, with 5 short teeth. Corolla fleshy,
2°5 in. long, yellowish ; lobes much crumpled, red, villous on both sides.
Stamens 5, shortly exsert ; base of filaments woolly; anthers divergent
below; connective shortly mucronate. Disk fleshy, cupular, somewhat
lobed. Ovary oblong; style slender, hollow, as long as the stamens;
stigma 2-lobed, lobes rounded. Capsule shortly stalked, concave-flat, -
elongate oblong, 1:5 to 2°5 feet long, 2°5 to 3°5 in. broad, scarcely
‘3 in. thick, margins somewhat incurved, back keeled, valves woody,
septum flat. Seeds very many, flat, surrounded by a very thin, hyaline,
shining wing, somewhat rectangular in shape, 3 in. long, 1°d in.
broad; testa membranous; cotyledons emarginate, oblong. Kurz For.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, 377

Fl. Il. 237 ; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 378; Trimen FI. Cey]l.
III. 281; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. I. 66; Cooke Bomb. FI. II. 327; Prain
Beng. Plants II. 787. Bignonia imdica, Linn. Sp. Pl. (1753) 625;
tamke Diet. i. 423: Roxb. Fl, Ind. Pi. 110; Wall. Cat. 6514.
B. pentandra, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 379. Spathodea indica, Pers. Syn.
II. 173. Calosanthes indica, Blume Bijdr. 760; DC. Prod. IX. 177;
Wight Ic. t. 1337; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 161; Bureau Monog. Bign.
(1864) t.9; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 752; Brandis For. Fl. 347. ‘ Palega
pajaneli,”” Rheede Hort. Mal. I. t. 43.

PENANG: Curtis 983. Prraxk: Scortechint 1613; King’s Collector
7033. Panane: common on the banks of the river from Pekan up,
flowers dull brownish-purple (Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soc. 2nd Ser. III.
326). Manacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1213.—Distris. India, Ceylon,
Burma, Sumatra (Forbes 1284), Java, and east to Cochin China.

2. DoLICHANDRONE, Fenzl.

Trees. Leaves opposite, pinnate, leaflets entire or toothed. Flowers
in terminal racemes or panicles, few, large. Calyx spathaceous, cleft
to the base down the front, caducous. Corolla-twbe long or short,
inflated above; lobes 5, nearly equal, crisped on the margin. Stamens
4, didynamous, included; anthers glabrous, the cells oblong, at first
parallel, afterwards divergent. Disk annular, cushion-like. Ovary
sessile; ovules numerous, usually many-seriate. Capsule elongate,
terete or somewhat compressed, straight or incurved, loculicidally
2-valved, the septum often thickened and making 4 spurious cells.
Seeds 1 to co-seriate on the margins of the septum, much compressed,
the wing thickened or hyaline-—Distris. Tropical Africa, Asia, and
Australia, about 15 species.

DouicHANDRONE RuaEEDI, Seem. Journ. Bot. VIII. 380 (1870). A
deciduous tree reaching 40 to 50 feet in height of stem; branchlets stout,
marked with prominent leaf-scars, innovations glabrous. Leaves
imparipinnate, 9 to 12 in. long, leaflets 2 to 4 pairs, with an end
~ one, rachis slender; side leaflets rhomboid, unequal at base, acuminate
at apex, margin entire or with few distant serratures, glabrous on
both surfaces, 3 to 4 in. long, 1°5 to 2:5 in. broad, main-nerves 6 to 7
pairs, petiolule slender, articulate at base, ‘3 to ‘5 in. long; end leaflet
similar, but equal at base; all nearly black when dry. Flowers few,
usually 1 to 4 in a short terminal corymbose raceme; pedicels glabrous,
1 to 1:5 in. long. Calyxz-tube closed in bud and beaked, spathaceous
in flower, 1:5 in. long. Corolla white, tubular-funnel-shaped, 4 to
7 in. long; tube slender at first, then gradually expanding; lobes 1 in. -

378 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

long, crenately crisped, recurved. Stamens 4, didynamous; filaments
curved inwards; anther-cells large, oblong, divaricate. Ovary conical,
style slender, stigma of 2 rounded lobes. Capsule 1 to 2 feet long,
about 1 in. broad, flattened-cylindrical, faintly ribbed, septum thickened
in the middle on both sides. Seeds very many, overlapping in many
rows, rectangular (with the wings), ‘5 to -7 in, long, 3 in. broad, wings
corky; testa membranous ; cotyledons flat, deeply emarginate, the lobes
nearly orbicular; radicle short. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III.
319; Tumen Hh Ceyl. Ill. 282; Koord ce Vale bide ieoo se):
longissuma, K. Sch. in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 2B. 240, fig. 92
B-D. Bignona spathacea, Linn. f. Suppl. 283. B. longissima, Lour.
Fl. Cochinch. 380? Spathodea longiflora, Vent. Choix. n. 40. S.
Bheedu, Wall. Cat. 6516; DC. Prod. IX. 206; Wight Ic. t. 1339;
Bedd. Fl. Sylv. CLXVIII.; Kurz For. Fl. II. 234; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT-
754. S. ? Loureiriana, DC. l.c. 209? 8S. Diepenhorstu, Migq. lc. “ Nir
Pongelion,” Rheede Hort. Mal. VI. t. 29.

PENANG: Curtis 1184. Purax: Scortechint 1098; Wray 2501.
PAHANG: in mangrove swamps (fizdiey l.c.). Matacca: Griffith (K.D.)
4066; Maimgay (K.D.) 1210.—Disrrin. Malabar coast of India,
Ceylon, Burma, Andaman Islands, Malay Archipelago east to New
Guinea.

3. STEREOSPERMUM, Cham.

Trees. Leaves opposite, 1-2-pinnate; leaflets petiolulate, entire or
sometimes toothed. Flowers in large lax terminal panicles, white
pink or yellow. Calyx ovoid, open or closed in bud, truncate or
shortly unequally lobed in flower. Corolla campanulate or funnel-
shaped; mouth bilabiate, upper lip 2-, lower 3-cleft; lobes nearly
equal, rounded, crisped, toothed or laciniate. Stamens 4, didynamous,
included fifth rudimentary; anthers glabrous, cells linear divergent.
Ovary sessile, elongate, 2-celled; ovules numerous, 2-seriate in each
cell. Disk cupular, fleshy. Capsule elongate, terete or somewhat
angled, loculicidally 2-valved; septum thick, corky, cylindrical, pitted
to receive the seeds in alternating cavities. Seeds trigonous, with a
transverse groove without and a prominent ridge within, which fits
into a deep pit in the septum; wings membranous, lying flat upon
the septum; cotyledons folded, 2-lobed, radicle straight.—Disrris.
Tropical Asia and Africa. About 12 species.

STEREOSPERMUM FIMBRIATUM, DC. Prod. IX. 211 (1844). A large
deciduous tree, reaching 70 to 80 feet in height of stem and 1°5 to 3 feet
in diam. ; bark grey, rough; branchlets stout, innovations and inflores-
cence viscid-pubescent. Leaves imparipinnate, 1 to 2 feet long; rachis

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 379

grooved, viscid-pilose ; leaflets 7-9, side ones opposite slightly unequal
at base; end one equal, oblong-lanceolate, long-acuminate at apex,
rounded at base, entire, membranous, viscid-pilose at any rate when
young, afterwards glabrescent on upper surface; 4 to 6 in. long, 1°5 to
1:75 in. broad; midrib slender, main-nerves about 7 pairs, curving
upwards to and along the margin, reticulations prominent, transverse ;
petiolules of side leaflets -3 to -4 in. long, of end one 1-1°5 in., articu-
late. Panicle large, very viscid-pilose, dichotomously branched, 5 to
9 in. long and broad ; peduncle short, about °5 in. long, thick, secondary
peduncles 1 to 1-5in. long; pedicels slender, about ‘5 in. long ; bracteoles
very small, subulate, early caducous. Flowers pale lilac, the tube rather
darker. Calyx campanulate, viscid-pubescent without, glabrous within,
‘) in. long; lobes 5, rounded, very short, long-apiculate. Corolla-tube
funnel-shaped, -1 to -15 in. long; lobes 5, as long as tube, spreading,
long-fimbriate, the lacinize -025 in. long. Stamens 4, didynamous ; fila-
ments slender, glabrous; anther-cells linear-oblong, divaricate, recurved,
‘05 in. long. Ovary cylindric, glabrous ; style slender, stigma 2-lobed.
Capsule cylindric, more or less quadrangular, torulose, 1 to 2 feet long,
‘) in. in diam.; septum thick, corky. Seeds trigonous, with rather
thick wings; 1 in. long, -3 in. broad, deeply immersed in alternate pits
in the septum. Kurz For. Fl. II. 231; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind.
TY. 383. Bignonia fimbriata, Wall. Cat. 6500.

JUNKSEYLON (Tongkah): Curtis 2912. Prrax: Wray 3334;
Scortechim 1746; King’s Collector 5701. Panane: Ridley lc.
Manacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1211.—Distris. Burma.

4. RADERMACHERA, Zoll & Mor.

Trees. Leaves opposite, 1—2-pinnate; leaflets petiolulate, entire.
Flowers in terminal racemes or panicles, showy. Calyx urceolate,
open or closed in bud, entire or shortly lobed in flower. Corolla funnel-
shaped; tube narrow, mouth more or less 2-lipped, upper lip 2-, lower
3-lobed, the lobes spreading, rounded. Stamens 4, didynamous, with
- a fifth sterile one, included; filaments slender; anthers 2-celled, the
cells divaricate. Disk cupular, fleshy, entire. Ovary cylindrical ; cells
2; ovules very numerous in many rows in each cell. Capsule slender,
compressed, terete, often spirally twisted; the septum slender, con-
tinuous, cylindric or compressed, very faintly pitted and bearing on
each side a double row of seeds. Seeds very small, rounded, flattened,
resting on a very slight depression but not sunk in the septum; wings
hyaline, shining ; cotyledons flat, not lobed; radicle minute.—DisTRIB.

oD?

Burma, the Malay Peninsula, and Malay Archipelago. About 8 species. _

380 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Leaves 1-pinnate, leaflets prominently glandular at base, capsule

under 10 in. long .. ve a so .. IL. &. glandulosa.
Leaves 2-3-pinnate, leaflets not glandular at base, capsule over
15 in. long 6 80 O10 ae 50 .. 2. R. amena.

1. RADERMACHERA GLANDULOSA, K. Sch. in Engl. & Prantl Naturl.
Pflanzenfam. TV. 38, 243 (1894). A small tree with spreading branches,
reaching 15 to 30 feet in height and 6 to 12 in. in diam. of stem. ;
branches stout, with pale brown, corky bark; branchlets smooth, with
prominent oblong lenticels ; innovations slightly puberulous. Leaves
imparipinnate, 15 to 20 in. long ; rachis smooth, swollen at the nodes
and at the base, glabrous; leaflets 3 to 7, side ones opposite, slightly
unequal at base, end one equal, all furnished with prominent large
glands at the base above the petiolule, elliptic or elliptic-oblong, acute or
abruptly acuminate at apex, rounded at base, entire, glabrous, chartaceous,
5 to 10 in. long, 8 to 5 in. broad; midrib slender, main-nerves 9 to 11
pairs, arching upwards to and along the margin; reticulations transverse,
prominent ; petiolules *3 to -4 in. long, end one 1 in. long. Pamnicles
terminal and occasionally axillary, 6 to 12 in. long; peduncle often
very long, branches short, scarcely -5 in. long, few-flowered ; pedicels
slender, -2 to -4 in. long; bracteoles minute, caducous; flowers white,
shaded with pink, calyx red. Calyx campanulate, truncate, persistent,
‘15 in. long, glabrous, margin undulate only. Corolla-twbe cylindric
below for -5 in., then campanulate for nearly 1 in., ‘5 in. wide at mouth,
glabrous without, slightly pubescent within; lobes 5, 2 upper smaller
than 3 lower, ‘3 in. long, margins slightly crispate-ciliate. Stamens 4,
didynamous, included ; filaments slender, anther-cells linear, -1 in. long,
divaricate, sterile stamen clavate. Disk cupular, glabrous. Ovary
oblong ; style slender, :75 in. long; stigmas 2, oblong. Capsule slender,
terete, 6 to 10 in. long, :25 in. broad; valves thin, chartaceous, flat
after dehiscence, slightly keeled on back; septum cylindric, slightly
pitted, white, spongy. Seeds very many, flat, -6 to °8 in. long and -05
to -1 in. broad (including the hyaline often fimbriate wings); testa
membranous; cotyledons flat, oblong, broader than long (:05 in.);
radicle minute. &. stricta, Zoll.; Bureau Monog. Bign. t. 28.
Spathodea glandulosa, Blume Bijdr. 762; DC, Prod. IX. 207; Mig. Fl.
Ind. Bat. II. 755. Bignonia Porteriana, Wall. Cat. 6509; DC. lc. 165.
Lagaropyxis glandulosa, Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. I. 199. Stereo-
spermum glanduloswm, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 565; Clarke in Hook.
f, Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 383; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. I. 74.

Prenane: Wallich 6509; Curtts 140. Perak: Wray 1346, 21438;
Scortechim 114, 1156; King’s Collector 3353, 6379; Kunstler 981.
Mauacca : Maingay (K.D.) 1217; Goodenough 1960. Smnancor: Ridley

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 381

8537. Nuari SEMBILAN: Goodenough 1860. Panana: Ridley 1.c.—
Distriz. Burma (Lobb), Sumatra (Morbes 2663, 2693), Java, Borneo
(Beccarz 811).

2. RADERMACHERA AM&NA, Seem. Journ. Bot. VIII. 146 (1870). A
very tall tree, reaching 80 feet in height, all parts glabrous; branches
thick, with prominent leaf-scars. Leaves 2-3-pinnate, apparently 2 feet
long or longer, the lower pinne only again divided, the upper ones simply
pinnate; rachis smooth, thick, swollen and articulate at the nodes,
enlarged at foot; petiole about 6 in. long, all joints easily separating
when dry: leaflets oblong-lanceolate when young, elliptic-oblong when
old, shortly and abruptly blunt-acuminate at apex, rounded or attenuate
at base and slightly decurrent, glabrous, entire, coriaceous, 4 to 6 in.
long, 2 to 3 in. broad; midrib thick, impressed above, main-nerves
about 10 pairs, joined at about -25 in. from the margin in a looped
nerve, secondary nerves alternate with the main-neryes, reticulations
obscure ; petiolules -4 or °5 in. long, channelled above by the decurrent
margins of the blade. Panicles much and usually trichotomously
branched, rachis terete, upper branches channelled; peduncle about
5 in. long; pedicels slender; bracteoles minute, rounded; flowers
white, tinted with pink outside and with yellow streaks within; the
calyx dark red. Calyx in bud closed, in flower 2-lipped, the lips bluntly
apiculate; tube and lobes equal, °3 in. long, glabrous, deciduous.
Corolla-twbe shortly cylindric at first for 2 to °3 in. long, then cam-
panulate, glabrous; lobes nearly equal, rounded, crenulate on the
margins, *2 to ‘3 in. long. Stamens 4, with an abortive fifth; filaments
thickened and glandular-hairy below, slender and glabrous above ;.
anther-cells linear, curved, divaricate, the connective prominently
apiculate. Disk cupular, glabrous. Ovary oblong, flattened; style
slender, as long as tube; stigma bilobed, lobes lanceolate; cells 2,
ovules very many. Capsule slender, torulose, 12 to 18 in. long, 3 in.
broad ; valves thin, chartaceous, flattened after dehiscence and then
‘25 in. broad, keeled on the back; septum cylindric, spongy, speedily
caducous, bearing on each border a row of small seeds. Seeds (with
wings) 7d in. long, -1 to 15 in. broad, wings hyaline, rounded; testa.
membranous; cotyledons flat, oblong, longer than broad; radicle
minute. Kurz For. Fl. Il. 232. R&. gigantea and R. Lobbii, Miq. in
Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. ITI. 250. Spathodea amena, DC. Prod. IX. 208.
S. Lobb, Teys. & Binn. in Nat. Tijdsch. XXV. 413. Spathodea
gigantea, Bl. Bijdr. 761; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I. 755; DC. lc. 207.
Bignoma amena, Wall. Cat. 6512 and Pl. As. Rar. II. 78. t. 183.
Lagaropyxis gigantea, Mig. in Ann. Mus. Lugd. I. 198. Stereospermum
hypostictum, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br, Ind. IV. 384; Koord. & Val.
TBuijeliay aye:

382 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

PERAK: Scortechint 1496; Wray. Mauacca: Griffith (K.D.) 4070;
Maingay 1212 (part). Sincapore: Maingay (K.D.) 1212 (part); Cantley
79,204.—Distris. Tavoy, Java.

5. Pasanewia, DC.

A large tree, glabrous except the flowers. Leaves large, impari-
pinnate ; leaflets entire, numerous. lowers large, in large terminal
thyrsoid panicles, dark red. Calyx large, ovoid and closed in bud, in
flower ventricose-campanulate; lobes 5. Corolla-twbe eylindric below,
ventricose-campanulate above, wide at the mouth; limb sub-bilabrate,
lobes 5, spreading, recurved, unequal. Stamens 4, with a rudimentary
fifth, didynamous, sub-exsert ; filaments slender ; anthers glabrous, cells
oblong, divergent. Disk annular. Ovary 2-celled, ovules on each
placenta numerous, co-seriate. Fruit an elongate narrowly oblong
capsule, loculicidally dehiscing, the septum contrary to the valves, the
margins of the valves extended in broad wings. Seeds in several rows
on the edges of the septum, compressed, with hyaline wings; cotyledons
flat, radicle small.Distrip. A single 8.H. Asiatic species.

PAJANELIA MULTIJUGA, DC. Prod. IX. 227 (1845). A large evergreen
tree, reaching 60 to 80 feet in height and 2 feet in diam. of stem;
glabrous except the corolla; bark :25 in. thick, dark grey, rough; branches
thick, lenticellate. Leaves imparipinnate, 1:5 to 3 feet long, glabrous;
rachis angular ; leaflets 10 to 12 pairs with a terminal one, very unequal-
sided, elliptic-ovate, acute at apex, rounded at base on the upper, cuneate
on the lower side, chartaceous, margins entire recurved, 4 to 8 in. long,
2:5 to 3'5 in. broad; midrib slender, main-nerves 9 on upper, 7 on lower
side, reticulations transverse ; petiolule stout, -2 to -3 in. long. Panicles
thyrsoid, 12 to 18 in. long; rachis stout, fleshy, lenticellate; primary
branches 1 to 2 in. long, similar, secondary di- tri-chotomously branched ;
pedicels ‘5 in. long; bracteoles minute; flowers large, pale yellow,
throat purple within. Calyx closed in bud, in flower campanulate,
1 to 1:5 in. long; tube broad at base with keel-like folds without, lobes
5, irregular, acute. Corolla 2 to 2:0 in. long, cylindric below, then
somewhat constricted, then ventricose-campanulate ; lobes 5, unequal,
at first parallel-sided, then broadening into a blunt rounded crispately
crenulate limb; the upper part of the tube and the lobes, especially on
the margin, grey-pubescent. Stamens 4 with a rudimentary fifth,
didynamous; filaments slender, glabrous; anther-cells oblong, diver-
gent. Disk annular, pulvinate, glabrous. Ovary sessile, oblong; style
slender, angled, broadening upwards into a 2-lobed clavate stigma ;
cells 2, ovules very numerous. Capsule flat, lanceolate, broadly winged,
the wings split, glabrous, 1 to 1:5 feet long, 2 to 2:5 in. broad; septum

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 383

transverse, quadrangular in section. Seeds exceedingly numerous, in
many rows and imbricating, curved; furnished at either end with a
very thin hyaline wing, seeds and wing reaching 1:5 in. long and ‘5 in.
broad; testa membranous; cotyledons obcordate, flat; radicle slender.
Bureau Monog. Bign. t. 20; Kurz For. Fl. Il. 237. P. Rheedii, Wight
Te. tt. 1343-4; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 384; Bedd. Fl. Sylv.
CLXIX.; Cooke Bomb. Fl. Il. 333; Prain Beng. Plants II. 790.
Bignonia indica, var. 8 Linn. Sp. Pl. 871; Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 460.
B. Pajanelia, Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. 316. B. longifolia,
Willd. Sp. Pl. III. 306; K. Sch. in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 3s,
944. B. multijuga, Wall. Cat. 6503 and Pl. As. Rar. 1. 81, tt. 95, 96.
*« Pajaneli,”’ Rheede Hort. Mal. I. 44.

Prenane: Jack. PERAK: Scortechini ; King’s Collector 2616, 3958.
—Distris. Hastern Bengal, Burma, Andaman Islands, Malabar coast.

6. DreLANTHERA, Banks & Solander.

Trees, more or less hairy. Leaves undivided, large, opposite or
whorled. lowers large, yellow, in short thick panicles among the
uppermost leaves, the primary branches of the panicles shortly ver-
ticillate and densely cyme-bearing. Calyx campanulate, oblong and
closed when young, with 2 to 5 valvate lobes connivent in flower and
sometimes sub-bilabiate. Corolla tubular-ventricose ; lobes 5, rounded,
sub-equal. Stamens 4, didynamous, exsert; filaments involute in bud;
anthers glabrous; cells linear, at first parallel, afterwards divaricate.
Disk thick, pulvinate. Ovary sub-sessile, ovules densely many-seriate.
Capsule oblong-fusiform, woody, loculicidally 2-valved; septum flat,
thick. Seeds many-seriate, between the margins of the septum, flattened,
with a broad hyaline wing.—Distris. From the Malay Peninsula to
New Caledonia and Australia: about 6 species.

DirPLaNTHERA BANCANA, Scheffer in Nat. Tijdschr. XX XI. 334 (1870).
A lofty tree; branches stout; branchlets pale brown, pubescent, marked
with lenticels and prominent leaf-scars. Leaves chartaceous, undivided,
ovate, obtuse at apex, cordate at base; margins irregularly undulate,
furnished with 1 to 2 glandular pits on the upper surface at the inser-
tion of the petiole; both surfaces slightly pubescent, especially beneath
and on the nerves; 8 to 13 in. long, 5 to 8 in. broad; midrib stout,
main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, the lowest 3 close together and spreading
more or less downwards or horizontally, the rest distant, irregular,
often branched at two-thirds of their length, the branches all anasto-
mosing near the margin; reticulations prominent, transverse ; petiole
stout, 2 to 4 in. long, base articulate. Panicles terminal, 4 to 5 in. in
diam., tawny-villous; common peduncle 5 to 6 in. long, :25 in. thick ;

384 Flora of the Malayan Pemmnsula.,

branches easily disarticulating ; pedicels slender, ‘75 in. long; bracts
leafy, spathulate, ‘2 in. long; bracteoles linear-subulate, *1 to -2 in. long ;
flowers yellow. Calyx campanulate, closed in bud, 5-lobed in flower,
‘7 to ‘8 in. long; often 2-labiate, the upper lip with 2 divisions of 2 lobes
each, the lower 1-lobed, acute ; tube puberulous without. Corolla tubular-
ventricose, 1 in. long; lobes 5, uppermost and 2 lowest acute; side lobes
broadly obtuse, margins incurved; tube glabrous except for a ring of tawny
hairs at the insertion of the filaments. Stamens 4, filaments inserted a
little above the base of the tube, involute in bud; anther-cells linear,
pendulous. Ovary oblong; style slender; stigmas 2, lanceolate ;
ovules very many. Capsule 6 in. long, 1:2 in. broad, smooth, valves
boat-shaped after dehiscence. Seeds 1:5 in. long, -75 in. broad, winged
on 3 sides; cotyledons flat, emarginate, -15 in. long, :25 in. broad.
Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 385.

Penance: Curtis 870, 1569. Mauacca: Walker 283 ; Maingay (K.D.)
1214.—Distris. Bangka (Teysmann 7666).

7. Minnierontia, Linn. f.

A tall tree with corky bark. Leaves opposite, 2-3-pinnate ; leaflets
entire or crenate. lowers white, in terminal corymbose panicles.
Calyx small, cupular, truncate or with 5 short teeth. Corolla white ;
tube long, slender; limb obscurely bilabiate; lobes 5, sub-equal, sub-
valvate, the 2 upper connate to near the middle. Stamens 4, didy-
namous, with no rudimentary fifth, shortly exsert, inserted on the
mouth of the tube; anthers l-celled, the second cell rudimentary,
hooked. Disk annular, cushion-like. Ovary sub-sessile, cylindric-
conical; style slender; stigma bi-lobed; ovules numerous, in about
4 rows on each placenta. Capsule linear, compressed parallel to the
septum, septicidally 2-valved. Seeds very many, flattened, surrounded on
3 sides by a thin hyaline wing.—Disrris. A single §.H. Asiatic species.

MILLINGTONIA HoRTENSIS, Linn. f. Suppl. 291 (1781). A tall erect
tree reaching a height of 80 feet and a girth of 6 to 12 feet; bark
corky, deeply fissured ; branches stout, drooping ; branchlets somewhat
slender, flattened, lenticellate; innovations and young leaves slightly
pubescent. Leaves opposite, 2-3 pinnate, about 1:5 to 2 feet long or
longer ; rachis \angular, channelled; leaflets ovate or ovate-lanceolate,
acuminate at apex, truncate at base, membranous; glabrous when old,
pubescent when young; margins entire or (in young plants and shoots
chiefly) broadly crenate; 1 to 2 in. long, 1 to 1°5 in. broad; midrib
prominent, raised on both surfaces as are the 4—5 pairs of main-nerves ;
petiolules slender, in upper leaflets often none. Pamicles 8 to 12 in.
long, branches divaricate ; rachis somewhat angular, flattened ; peduncles

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 385

1 to 3in. long; bracts and bracteoles very small, caducous; pedicels
slender, °3 to ‘4 in. long; flowers white. Calyx cupular, ‘1 in. long;
lobes very shallow, rounded, recurved. Corolla-tube very slender,
15 to 2°5 in. long, about -07 to -1 in. broad, glabrous; lobes ovate-
oblong, acute, pubescent within, ‘5 to °6 in. long, ‘2 to ‘3 in. broad.
Stamens inserted at the top of the tube; filaments slender, °4 to °5 in.
long; anthers rounded, ovate. Ovary slender; style very slender,
exsert, stigma-lobes ovate. Disk cushion-like, ‘05 in. high. Capsule
about 12 to 15 in. long and ‘75 in. broad, acute at both ends; valves
woody, septum ultimately free. Seeds in several rows along the margins
of the septum, much overlapping, including the wing about 1 in. by
‘) in.; wing narrow at the apex, hyaline. DC. Prod. IX. 182; Wight
Ill. 16 ds fig. 6; Bureau Monog. Bign. t. 8; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Madr. t.
249; Brandis For. Fl. 347; Kurz For. Fl. II. 238; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl.
Br. Ind. IV. 377; Cooke Bomb. Fl. II. 334; Prain Beng. Plants 788.
Bignoma Azedarachta, Koen. Ann. Bot. I. 178. B. suberosa, Roxb.
Cor. Pl. IIT. 11, t. 214 and Fl. Ind. III. 111; Wall. Cat. 6513.

Manacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1215. Sinearorze: Deschanps.—
Distris. India, Burma (fide Kurz), Sumatra (Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.
Swppl. 565).

Whether the specimens were gathered from really wild trees there is nothing to
show, but if Kurz is right in his statement that the cork-tree, so well known in India

in cultivation, is wild in tropical forests from Martaban to Tenasserim, it may well
occur in a wild state further south in the Peninsula.

Order LXXXVIII. PEDALINEA.
[By D. Pratw.]|

Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite or the upper alternate,
entire toothed or lobed; stipules 0. Flowers irregular, solitary or,
rarely, clustered or racemose, usually axillary; pedicels short ; bracts
minute or0. Sepals 4-5, slightly connate below. Petals connate in a
tubular-ventricose corolla; limb 5-lobed, obscurely 2-lipped; lobes
imbricate. Stamens 4, didynamous, rarely 2. Carpels 2, connate in a
2-celled, rarely 1-celled ovary ; ovules many or few, superposed ; style
filiform ; stigma shortly 2-lobed. vuzt hard, indehiscent, or a 2- (less
often 3-4-) valved capsule. Seeds without wings ; albumen 0.—DisrTRIB.
Species about 40, in tropical and sub-tropical countries.

SEsamum, Linn.

Erect or prostrate herbs. Leaves opposite below, alternate above,
entire toothed, lobed, or divided. lowers axillary, solitary or few and

ed Ue Oe eee Bi.
te
-

386 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

fascicled, shortly pedicelled. Sepals connate in a small 5-partite calyx.
Corolla 2-lipped ; tube ventricose; lobes rounded, those of the upper
lip rather smaller than the others. Stamens 4, didynamous, included ;
anthers sagittate, cells sub-parallel, distinct. Carpels connate in a
2-celled ovary; cells soon divided into two chambers by a false dissepi-
ment intruded between the placentas; ovules many, 1-seriate in each
chamber; style filiform; stigma 2-lobed. Fruit an oblong or ovoid
capsule, usually 4-angled and 4-grooved, 4-chambered, loculicidally
_ Q-valved. Seeds many, obliquely oblong, somewhat compressed,
foveolate-—Distris. Species 10, Africa and S.H. Asia.

SesamMum inpicum, DC. Prod. IX. 250. An erect pubescent or
puberulous herb, 1 to 2 feet high. Leaves oblong or ovate, variable, the
lower often lobed or pedatisect; the middle ovate, toothed ; the upper
often narrow-oblong, sub-entire ; blade 3 to 5 in. long; petioles -5 to
2in. Flowers axillary, solitary rarely 2-3-nate; pedicels -5 in. long.
Calyx-lobes -25 in. long, lanceolate. Corolla pubescent, 1:25 in. long,
whitish or with red, or purplish, or yellow marks. Capsule oblong,
tetragonous, erect, scabrid-pilose, 1 in. long, uniformly -25 in. wide
throughout ; apex usually shortly acuminate; dehiscence usually by
2 valves half-way down, sometimes to the base, and sometimes each
valve subsequently divided. Seeds brown, smooth. Wall. Cat. 6408 ;
Wight Ill. 163; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 387; Bot. Mag. t. 1688.
S. orientale, Linn. Sp. Pl. 634; Gaertn. Fruct. IT. 132 t. 110; Lamk Ml.
t. 528 ; Roxb. Flor. Ind. III. 100. 8S. luteum, Retz Obs. VI. 31; DC.
Prod. IX. 250. S. occidentale, Her. & Reg., DC. Prod. IX. 250; Thw.
Enum. 442. Rumph. Herb. Amb. t. 76, f. 1. Rheede Hort. Malab.
IX. tt. 54, 55.

PenanG: Wallich ! King! Prrax: Wray! Scortechint! Mauacca:
Derry ! Jownore: Fielding! Sinearore : Hullett /—Distrip. Culti-
vated in all hot countries.

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CONTENTS.

wah Page, es

Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, No. 16—By
Be _ Str Georcz Kine, K.C.LE., UL.D., F.R.S., late Superin-*
; _ tendent of the Roy al Botanic Garden, Calcutta,and J. SYKES
ec oy C.LE., oF R.S., late of the Indian Forest Daas ; ns

- Materials for a Toes of the Malayan Poninsina No. By Be
Grorce Kine, K.C.1.E., UL.D., F.R.S., late Superinten-
dent of the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta, and J. SYKES
GamBe, C.LE., F.R.S., late of the Indian” Porest Depa: > oe
ment 25 We, Fe a Sees

Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, ae -18—By :
Sir Gzorce Kine, K.C.LE., LL.D., F.R.S., late Superin- — ee

: tendent of the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta, and J. SYKES esate ey
GamBie, OC. ees ER. S., late Se the Indian Forest = tin ae

ment ae, aa Ae Be tay sy 295

JOURNAL & PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENCAL.

Vol. LXXIV, Part 2.

1908.

J

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Issued Feb. 20th, 1908.

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OF THE

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For the year 1907.

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}

1908

“DEC 1

JOURNAL

OF THE

ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL.

Von. LXXIV., Part II.—Extra Number, 1907.

Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula—By Str GrorcEe
Kine, K.C.LE., LL.D., F.R.S., late Superintendent of the Royal
Botame Garden, Calcutta, and J. Sykes Gampue, C.LE., F.B.S.,
late of the Indian Forest Department.

ING eto:

This part contains three Families, Nos. 75 Apocynacee and 76
Asclepradacee, both done by Mr. Gamble, with No. 77 Loganzacee,
done by Sir G. King, with the exception of the genus Strychnos, con-
tributed by Mr. Gamble.

The 3 Families comprise 86 genera and 234 species. There are
2 new genera and 70 new species.

Family LXXV.—APOCYNACEA.

Trees or erect or climbing shrubs, rarely herbs; more or less latici-
ferous. Leaves simple, generally opposite, sometimes whorled, rarely
alternate or scattered, entire, penninerved ; stipules none or represented
by interpetiolar ridges or glands. Inflorescence generally of terminal
or pseudo-terminal or axillary cymes which are solitary or clustered in
2- or 3-chotomous panicles, corymbs or pseudo-umbels; bracts usually
small and caducous; flowers small to large, often showy, hermaphrodite,
regular. Calyx inferior; tube usually very short; lobes 5, imbricate,
often with (usually scale-like) glands inside near the base. Corolla gamo-
petalous, salver-shaped or funnel-shaped, rarely campanulate urceolate
or subglobose, often with scales or a ring or protuberances in the mouth
of the tube; lobes 5 (rarely 4), spreading, often contorted or twisted in
bud, rarely valvate, overlapping to the right or left (as seen from out-
side). Stamens 5, rarely 4, alternate with the corolla-lobes, inserted in
the corolla-tube or on its mouth; filaments short, often decurrent in

di

388 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

ridges inside the tube; anthers linear-oblong or sagittate, free or
connivent in a cone and adhering to the stigma by the connective ;
cells 2, longitudinally dehiscing, sometimes produced at the base in
barren spurs; pollen granular, usually spherical, with 3 pores or 2 to 3
rounded protuberances. Dzsk none, or annular or cupular, or reduced
to 2 to 5 seales or glands. Ovary superior, free or somewhat adnate
to the disk, 1-celled with 2 parietal placentas, or 2-celled with axile
placentas, or of 2 distinct or partially connate carpels; ovules in each
cell 2 or few or many and 2- to o-seriate, rarely solitary, anatropous,
usually pendulous; style 1, entire or divided at the base; stigma various,
usually ending in a bifid apiculus and frequently with a ring or other
appendages, often viscous. Prwt a dry or fleshy drupe, berry or
samara, or of two baccate or follicular mericarps. Seeds various, often
compressed, sometimes winged, sometimes with a tuft of hairs at one
or both ends; testa coriaceous, crustaceous or membranous; albumen
hard, fleshy or scanty or none; embryo straight; cotyledons flat,
concave, convolute or contorted; radicle superior.—Distris. Chiefly
tropical; genera about 110 to 120; species probably about 1000, or
even more.

Anthers included, free from the stigma, cells rounded at the
base; corolla-lobes usually overlapping to the left :—
Ovary of 2 wholly combined carpels, 1—-2-celled; fruit large,
usually fleshy or pulpy within; seeds without wing or pencil
of hairs (coma) (Tribe I. Cantsszm) :—
Ovary 1-celled, with parietal ovules :—
Fruit indehiscent ; albumen none Pe .. 1. WILLUGHBEIA.
Fruit 2-valved ; albumen present . CHILOCARPUS.
Ovary 2-celled, with axile ovules :—
Flowers 4-merous; albumen none; corolla-throat naked 3. Lruconoris.
Flowers 5-merous; albumen present; corolla-throat with
lobed scales : 4, MeLopinus.
Ovary of 2 distinct pareelen united ie He style ; truit various,
seeds peltate (Tribe II. PhumERiz@) :—
Calyx eglandular within; carpels 1-2-, rarely 4-6-ovuled ;
fruit of 2 1-seeded drupes or berries, rarely moniliform
(Subtribe 1. Ravwonriinz) :—
Leaves usually whorled :—
Albumen ruminate; erect or Sabet shrubs with

bo

more or less coriaceous leaves .. : 5. ALYXIA.

Albumen even; erect shrubs with foes or soft teaver

membranous when dry B6 .. 6, Ravwonrta.
Leaves opposite; disk none; albumen again .. 7. Hunveria.

Calyx glandular within :—
Carpels 2-, rarely 4-ovuled, ovules on opposite sides of a -
thick placenta; fruit a 1- or 2-seeded drupe or berry
(Subtribe 2. Cerperinz) :—

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Leaves alternate or scattered; corolla funnel-shaped,
large, lobes overlapping to left ; fruit drupaceous, over

2 in. long - -6 {36

Leaves opposite or agile parole Beiter entorn,
lobes overlapping to right :—
Leaves usually whorled, fleshy when green, membra-

nous when dry; fruit drupaceous, over 2in. long .. 9.
Leaves opposite, membranous to subcoriaceous; fruit
capsular, angled .. or ag so iD:

Carpels 6-m-ovuled ; fruit of 2 follicular mericarps
(Subtribe 3. HupLuMERIINzE) :—
Leaves in whorls, main-nerves prominent; cotyledons
flat :—
Follicles slender, long, cylindric; seeds small, ob-
long, with tufts of hair at the ends; style filiform ;

stamens usually near the top of the tube Soild:

Follicles very large, stout; seeds large, with a
membranous wing; style none or minute; stamens

usually at the middle of the tube te eo As

Leaves opposite :—
Follicles slender, with comose seeds; style short;

cotyledons complicate an ae oo Hey

Follicles stout, short, with arillate mon-comose

seeds; style filiform; cotyledons flat .. 14.

Anthers included or exserted, conniving in a cone around he
top of the style and adherent to the stigma by a point on the
connective, cells produced downwards into empty spurs; ovary
of 2 distinct rarely connate carpels united by the style; fruit
of 2 follicular mericarps ; seeds comose at one or both ends
(Tribe III. Ecurrmprem) :—

Anthers more or less exserted (Subtribe 1. Parsons11nz) :—

Corolla-lobes valvate; carpels connate in flower so UG

Corolla-lobes imbricate ; carpels separate :—
Corolla-throat naked; cotyledons flat :—
Corolla rotate; connective of anthers thickened at

back ee sa 6:
Corolla hiypecrtontonms: chnnentine not thickened oe Alrte

Corolla-throat usually with scales, rotate or hypocrateri-

form; cotyledons convolute Be Se oo) 1S

Anthers included :—
Corolla-throat with 5-10 scales (Subtribe 2. Nerina) :—

Corolla-lobes long or tailed Se ae sb, UO:

Corolla-throat naked (Subtribe 3. Kcu1rrprinz) :—
Corolla-lobes valvate or overlapping to the left :—

Corolla-lobes valvate, tube urceolate; flowers minute.. 20.

Corolla-lobes overlapping to left, tube subcampanulate ;

flowers small we seeds

Corolla-lobes imbricate, erentanpine to the sist —
Corolla minute, urceolate, lobes scarcely twisted to left

in bud .. a a ea ee

389

CERBERA.

OcHROBIA.

Kopsta.

ALSTONIA.

DyYERA.

HonaRRHENA.

FEIRVATAMIA.

PARSONSIA.

VALLARIS.
Porrsta.
WRIGHTIA.

STROPHANTHUS.

URcEOLA.

PARAMERIA.

IicDYSANTHERS.

390 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

Corolla hypocrateriform, lobes twisted to left in bud :—
Seeds beaked :—
Lobes of corolla not markedly spiral in bud; beak
of seed with tufted coma :—
Albumen of seed present; flowers, leaves and

follicles very large oc ae .. 23. CHONEMORPHA.
Albumen of seed none; flowers, leaves and
follicles moderate-sized.. aie . 24. Ruyncwopta.
Lobes of corolla markedly spiral in bud; coma of
seed decurrent on the beak 2 .. 25. ANODENDRON.

Seeds not beaked :—
Seeds narrowed at the end; cotyledons linear :—
Albumen seanty; corolla-lobes entire, rounded 26. CLreGHORNIA.
Albumen copious; corolla-lobes fimbriate, acu- :
minate 56 20 .. 27. IcHNOCARPUS.
Seeds usually broadened a ie end :—
Cotyledons oblong, or linear-oblong; corolla
rather large, lobes more or less rounded :—
Calyx 5-partite, lobes lanceolate; cymes
corymbose :—
Apex of seed slender below the tuft of the
coma; follicles terete . 28. AcGanosma.
Apex of seed broadly fattened below fie
tuft of the coma; follicles more or less
flattened oe : 29. TRACHELOSPERMUM.
Calyx 5-fid, lobes narrow ; cymes ‘pains 30. EpIGyNUM.:
Cotyledons narrowly linear ; corolla very small,
lobes very oblique, usually forked .. .. 31. MicrEcurrss.

The following plants of this Family are cultivated, and seem to be
occasionally found run wild in the Peninsula :—

1. AnLAMANDA CATHARTICA, Linn. Mantiss. II. 214 (1771). A
scandent milky shrub, native of South America. It has oblanceolate
acuminate leaves in whorls of 2 to 4 and large yellow flowers. Prnanea:
G. King ; Deschamps. Stncarore: T’. Anderson.

2. Carissa Caranpas, Linn. Mantiss. I. 52 (1767). A large ever-
green thorny shrub, native of India, with small white flowers and an
edible fruit. Manacca: Maingay.

3. LOCHNERA ROSEA, Reichb. Consp. Reg. Veg. 134 (1828). A
garden shrub with shining obovate leaves and white or pink flowers ;
common in gardens, and also found run wild on roadsides especially
near the coast. It is probably native of the West Indies. Prnane:
Curtis 1067.

There are probably others, which, like Plumeria acutifolia, Poir.,
Nervum Oleander, Linn., and Thevetia nerwfolia, Juss., are commonly
cultivated in gardens in the Peninsula, but do not run wild. We have,
however, seen no specimens.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 391

Tribe I.—CaRISssEa.
1. WiInLuGHBEIA, Roxb.

Large sarmentose or climbing shrubs, generally bearing tendrils
which are modified peduncles. Leaves opposite, shortly petiolate,
penninerved. Flowers in dense, rarely in lax, axillary cymes; pedicels
enlarged in fruit. Calyx 5-partite, eglandular. Corolla hypocrateriform,
the mouth naked; lobes broad or linear, overlapping to the left, nearly
straight in bud. Stamens inserted near the base of the tube, included ;
anthers lanceolate, the connective apiculate, the cells rounded at the
base. Disk none. Ovary entire, 1-celled; style short, its top obconic
or urceolate; stigma capitate or ovoid-conical, often slightly annulate
at the base and slightly bifid at the apex; ovules numerous, on two
parietal placentas. Fruit a large globose berry with a hard pericarp.
Seeds numerous, embedded in pulp, ellipsoid, compressed; albumen
none; cotyledons fleshy, thick, plano-convex; radicle short.—DuistTRIB.
India, Ceylon, Burma, Malay Peninsula and Archipelago; about 12
species.

Cymes with stout peduncles and pedicels; stamens usually near
the base or middle of the corolla-tube; stigma conical, on a
short style (Subgenus I. KuwiniuGHBEtra) :—
Main nerves of leaves 6 to 8 pairs; leaves orbicular or elliptic,
pale when dry, glaucescent beneath; corolla-lobes lin. long 1. W. grandiflora.
Main nerves of leaves 10 to 16 pairs, rather distant :—
Corolla-lobes :3 to ‘4 in. long; leaves scarcely coriaceous :—
Cymes few-flowered, nearly Bae se leaves long acu-

minate .. é 2. W. edulis.
Cymes many- guerad: present leaves phen or with
a short blunt tip oc oC ave .. 38. W. oblonga.
Corolla-lobes under °25 in. long; leaves coriaceous or
nearly so :—

Main nerves flattened on lower surface of coriaceous leaves 4. W. coriacea.
Main nerves sharp and slender on lower surface of thinly

coriaceous leaves d. W. firma.
Main nerves of leaves over 20 pairs, Prallel one closer —
Corolla-lobes -3 in. long; leaves thinly chartaceous, up to
10 in. long, blunt-acuminate at apex -- 6. W. martabanica.
Corolla-lobes -4 to -7 in. long; leaves fhanly! coriaceous,
hardly over 6 in. long, sharply acuminate at apex .. 7. W. tenuiflora.

Cymes with slender peduncle and pedicels; stamens near the
top of the corolla-tube; stigma cylindric, seated on the obconic
top of the slender style (Subgenus IJ. Urnunarta) :-—
Main nerves of leaves under 20; corolla-lobes ovate, recurved
in flower ie se 8. W. flavescens.
Main nerves of leaves over 20; eerolle lobes actowly oblaae:
erect in flower . ae Se fy .. 9. W. rufescens.

392 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

1. WILLUGHBEIA GRANDIFLORA, Dyer in Herb. Kew.; Hook. f.
Fl. Br. Ind. III. 625 (1882). <A stout climbing shrub; branchlets
stout, dark brown to nearly black; tendrils woody, thick, branched.
Leaves coriaceous; orbicular or elliptic, obtuse or with a very short
blunt broad acumination at apex, rounded at base; glabrous and
shining, pale reddish-yellow on the upper surface, cinnamon-coloured,
soft and glaucescent on the lower; margins slightly recurved; 3
to 5 in. long, 3 to 35 in. broad; midrib stout, impressed on
the upper surface, somewhat flattened on the lower; main nerves
6 to 8 pairs, distant, impressed above, raised beneath, at an angle of
about 60° with the midrib, at first straight then curving near the
margin to meet in an irregular intramarginal nerve; secondary nerves
few and chiefly near the apex; reticulations transverse, distinct but not
prominent; petiole stout, rugose or corrugated, channelled above, °5 to
lin. long. Cymes sub-sessile, crowded, puberulous; bracteoles broadly
ovate, ciliate; pedicels stout, ‘05 to -1 in. long; buds cylindric-clavate,
‘45 in. long; flowers white, reddish at base. Calyx broad, thick, ‘1 in.
long; lobes rounded, much imbricate, obtuse, ciliate, longer than the
short tube. Corolla-tube slender, ‘5 in. long, slightly dilated near the
base opposite the stamens, villous within above the stamens; lobes
1 in. long, oblong-spathulate, long-ciliate on the margins, rounded at
tip. Anthers lanceolate, apiculate, base cordate, -06 in. long; filaments
slender, short, curved. Ovary broad-conical; style short, cylindric, urn-
shaped at top; stigma conical, bifid, branches slender. F'rwt not seen.
Ancyclocladus glaucinus, Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Par. nouv. sér. 98.

Maxacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1047.— Distris. Borneo (Beccari
3335; Haviland 2301, 3045). .

2. WILLUGHBEIA EDULIS, Roxb. Cor. Pl. ITI. t. 280 (1819), and Fl.
Ind. Il. 57. A large climbing shrub; bark dark brown, tubercled;
branchlets slightly angled, pale brown to dark brown, prominently
lenticellate; tendrils long, branched. Leaves chartaceous when dry;
oblong or obovate-oblong, long acuminate at apex, cuneate at base;
olivaceous-brown and dull on the upper surface, reddish-brown and
sometimes shining on the lower; margins crispately undulate, slightly
recurved; 4 to 7 in. long, 2°5 to 3-25 in. broad; midrib stout, impressed
on the upper, raised on the lower surface; main nerves 12 to 16 pairs,
starting at an angle of 50° to 60° with the midrib and curving upwards
to anastomose near the margin; secondary nerves few, chiefly near the
ends; reticulations transverse, fairly prominent; petiole -2 to ‘6 in.
long. Cymes axillary, few-flowered, about as long as the petioles;
peduncle stout, -15 in. long; bracteoles ovate, acute, early caducous,
leaving a prominent scar; pedicels short, angular; buds oblong-clavate,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 393

about ‘5 in. long; flowers white or pink. Calyx-lobes ‘05 to ‘075 in.
long, ovate, acute, ciliate; tube shorter than lobes. Corolla-tube
cylindric, dilated in the middle opposite the stamens; lobes lanceolate,
‘35 to -4 in. long, ciliate on the edges. Anthers sub-sagittate, -05 in.
long; filaments short, bent. Ovary conical, acute; style short; stigma
conical, striate, puberulous. Berry large, sub-ovate, the size of a lemon ;
pericarp orange-coloured, thick. Seeds many, in a yellowish fibrous
pulp; cotyledons thick, fleshy. A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 321; Kurz For.
Fl. IT. 165; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 623 (en part); Bl. Bijdr. 1034 ;
Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 391. Hunteria ?, Wall. Cat. 9066.

Dinpines: Pangkor, at Gunong Tunggyal, Curtis 1629.—DisrRris.
India (Assam, Sylhet, Chittagong), Burma.

3. WILLUGHBEIA OBLONGA, Dyer in Herb. Kew.; Hook. f. Fl. Br.
Ind. III. 625 (1882). <A large climbing shrub; branchlets very stout,
obtusely angled, with pale greyish-brown bark rough with close-set
small lenticels. Leaves chartaceo-coriaceous ; elliptic or elliptic-oblong,
obtuse at apex or with a short broad blunt or almost emarginate
acumination, rounded at base or somewhat acute when young, almost
auricled ; both surfaces when dry dark reddish-brown, opaque; margins
recurved; 3 to 6 in. long, 1:5 to 3 in. broad; midrib broad, flat on the
upper, raised on the lower, surface; main nerves 10 to 15 pairs, irregu-
_ larly spaced, the lower ones rather near together, the middle and upper
ones further apart, starting at about 70° with the midrib and gradually
curving upwards to anastomose near the margin; secondary nerves few
and inconspicuous; reticulations many, irregularly netted; petiole
stout, ‘25 in. long. Cymes small, sessile, dense-flowered, pubescent ;
bracteoles ovate acuminate; pedicels -05 in. long; buds oblong-clavate,
‘25 to ‘din. long. Calyx-lobes ovate-oblong, ciliate, pubescent within,
‘075 in. long; tube thick, short. Corolla-tube cylindric, 2 in. long,
dilated in the middle opposite the stamens; lobes ‘3 to -4 in. long,
linear-oblong, ciliate at the margins. Anthers lanceolate, apiculate,
‘05 in. long; filaments short, curved. Ovary glabrous, conical; style
slender; stigma conical. Berry many-seeded, oblong; pericarp leathery,
‘rough. Seeds ovoid, ‘5 in. long; testa thin; cotyledons fleshy.

Manacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1089; at Ayer Pands, Goodenough 1396.

4, WILLUGHBEIA CORIACEA, Wall. Cat. 1620 (1829), and Pl. As. Rav.
Ill. 45 (1832). A large glabrous climbing shrub; branches stout,
obscurely angled, black, enlarged at the nodes; branchlets slender,
angled, smooth; tendrils slender, branched. Leaves coriaceous; elliptic
or elliptic-lanceolate, acute or shortly and bluntly acuminate at apex,
cuneate or rounded at base; glabrous and shining on both surfaces
when dry especially on the upper, both surfaces reddish-brown when

394 ‘Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

dry, the upper tinged with olivaceous; margins recurved, more or
less cartilaginous; 3°5 to 6 in. long, 1°5 to 2°5 in. broad; midrib
stout, broad, impressed above; main nerves 10 to 12 pairs, starting at
70° with the midrib, at first straight then curving to near the margin,
where they are joined by small loops, raised on the upper, raised and
flattened on the lower surface; reticulations obscure, more visible
on the upper surface; petiole -3 to ‘4 in. long, stout, channelled
above. Cymes sessile, crowded, less than 1 in. long; bracteoles very
small, broad, obtuse, persistent, ciliate; flowers white; buds cylindric-
clavate, -4 to ‘5 in. long. Calyx ‘15 in. long, subhemispheric; lobes
rounded, obtuse, ciliate. Corolla thickly coriaceous; tube inflated in the
middle opposite the stamens, constricted at the base and at the mouth,
‘15 to 2 in. long; lobes oblong, obtuse, -25 in. long, the margins incurved.
Anthers ovate-lanceolate, apiculate, °05 in. long; filaments slender,
short. Ovary ovoid-globular, conical, glabrous; style short, ‘025 in.
long; stigma cylindric-conical with a broad white annulus at its base.
Berry obovoid, 3 in. long by 2:25 in. in diam., yellow when ripe; peri-
carp thick, leathery. Seeds red, ‘75 in. long, embedded in pulp, which
hardens in drying. A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 321; Hook. f. Fl Br. Ind.
IIT. 623; Mig. FL. Ind. Bat. II. 391.

PENANG: on Government Hill, Curtis 847; Riudley 9359. PrErRax:
Scortechim ; King’s Collector 5331, 6976. Mauacca: Griffith ; Maingay
(K.D.) 1048; Curtvs 3485; Derry 120, 399, 461, 1190, 1198. Stvearore:
Wallich 1620; Lobb; Hullett 511, 626; Rzdley 1641, 3594, 9501.

5. WILLUGHBEIA FIRMA, Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I. 154 (1850). A
large glabrous climbing shrub; branches stout, obtusely angled, bark red-
dish-brown or -grey, smooth, fissured; branchlets similar, nearly quadran-
gular, lenticellate ; tendrils branched, slender. Leaves thinly coriaceous ;
elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate or elliptic-oblong, shortly and obtusely acumi-
nate at apex, acute or cuneate at base; both surfaces glabrous, shining,
the upper more or less olivaceous when dry, the lower reddish-brown ;
margin slightly recurved; 3 to 5 in. long, 1:25 to 2:25 in. broad; midrib
stout, rather impressed above; main nerves 10 to 15 pairs, slender,
starting at an angle of 70° to 75° with the midrib and at first straight
then curving and branching so as almost to meet near the margin,
prominent on the under, obscure on the upper, surface; secondary
nerves few, between successive main nerves and at a different angle;
reticulations distant, obscure; petiole -4 to ‘5 in. long, stout. Cymes
axillary, sub-sessile, many-flowered, not much longer than the petioles ;
bracteoles broadly ovate, obtuse; buds oblong-clavate, -3 to ‘4 in. long,
striated by the lobes of the corolla; flowers white or pale yellow.
Calyx campanulate, ‘1 to *15 in. long; lobes half the length, ovate,

Flora of the Malayan Pennsula. 395

obtuse, ciliate. Corolla-tube cylindric, dilated in the middle opposite
the stamens, ‘2 in. long; lobes as long as or slightly longer than the tube,
linear-oblong, margins sometimes incurved, glabrous. <Anthers ovate,
acute, 03 in. long; filaments slender, short. Ovary ovoid, acute; style
short; stigma ovate-conical with a bifid tip. Berry ovoid or pyriform,
orange-yellow, 3 to 4 in. long, 2 to 2:5 in. broad; pericarp thick. Seeds
embedded in pulp, red, ‘5 in. long or longer, elliptic-oblong, plano-
concave; testa membranous; cotyledons thick. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II.
390; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 624; Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 2344; Stapf in
Trans. Linn. Soe. Ser. 2, 1V. 207. W. Burbidger, Dyer in Kew Gard.
Rep. 1880, 44, 46.

Kepau: on Lankawi Island, Curtis. PrEnana: Curtis 1500; Ridley
9468. Prrax: Scortechine 651, 2120; Wray 5, 594, 3208, 4176; King’s
Collector 6663, 10050, 10854. Matacca: Griffith ; Derry 101; Hervey ;
Irving 228; Curtis 3476. Stnearore: Murton 58; Cantley 95; Ridley
4491, 4431, 5718, 6522.—Distrre. Sumatra, Borneo (Beccarz 2273;
fiidley 9055, &c.).

This species is with difficulty distinguished from W. coriacea, but its leaves are
less coriaceous, and the main-nerves are usually closer, and are slender and sharp
instead of being broad and flattened. The fruit is edible, and the stems give a kind of
gutta-percha or rubber (Curtis). Curtis’s specimens bear the Malay names ‘“‘ Gutta
Garoo,” “‘ Gutta Garok,” ‘‘ Getab Ujol,’”’ ‘‘Getah greep betina.’’ The Fl. Br. Ind.
gives ‘‘ Gutta Singgarip,” after Murton. As Stapf remarks in Hook. Ic. t. 2344, the
Kew material shows that, in Borneo especially, there are varieties locally known by
different names, and differing chiefly in the fruit, which ought to be studied on
the spot.

King’s Collector 7729 from Gunong Budo, Perak, at 500 to 800 ft., seems to be a
large-leaved variety of this species. The leaves reach 7 in. in length and 3:5 in. in
breadth; when dry they are greenish on the upper and shining brown on the lower
surface. The flowers are in sessile cymes, and the corolla has oblong blunt lobes.

6. WILLUGHBEIA MARTABANICA, Wall. Cat. 1619 (1827), and Pl. As.
Rar. III. 45, 6. 272 (1832). A large glabrous climbing shrub; branches
stout, dark brown; branchlets dark brown, lenticellate; tendrils long,

branched. Leaves thinly chartaceous; oblong or ovate-oblong, or
_oyate-lanceolate, or obovate, shortly, bluntly and abruptly acuminate at
the rounded apex, or with a short broad obtuse or emarginate point,
acute or cuneate at base; both surfaces shining, the lower paler;
margins recurved, undulate; 3 to 10 in. long, 1:25 to 3-5 in. broad;
midrib stout, slightly channelled above, raised beneath; main nerves
very many, 20 to 26 pairs more or less, parallel, at an angle of from 70°
(middle) to nearly 90° (ends) with the midrib, straight to near the edge
and then rather suddenly curving and anastomosing ; secondary nerves
very many, between and often difficult to distinguish from the main-

396 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

nerves, frequently recurrently branching; reticulations many, prominent;
all more or less raised on the upper surface; petiole -25 to ‘5 in. long,
slender. Cymes axillary, sessile, about twice as long as the petiole,
dense-flowered; pedicels scarcely ‘05 in. long, pubescent; bracteoles
ovate-lanceolate, sheathing the cyme-branches; buds oblong-clavate,
about ‘5 in. long; flowers pink or orange-yellow. Calyx deeply lobed,
nearly glabrous, ‘1 in. long; lobes broadly ovate, obtuse, ciliate. Corolla-
tube cylindric, slightly dilated in the middle opposite the stamens,
‘175 in. long, slightly pubescent within; lobes oblong-falcate, obtuse,
‘3 in. long, margins sparsely ciliate. Anthers sagittate, the tips nearly
reaching the throat of the corolla-tube; filaments slender. Ovary
broadly ovoid, glabrous; style slender; stigma cylindric-conical. Berry
ovoid-globose, 3 to 4 in. in diameter; pericarp orange-yellow, thick,
hard, the seeds embedded in a fibrous edible yellowish pulp. Seeds
flattened, nearly orbicular in outline; testa leathery; cotyledons thick,
conform to the seed, plano-convex; radicle minute. A. DC. Prodr. VIII.
321; Kurz For. Fl. II. 165. W. edulzs, Roxb.; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III.
623 (7m part). W. dulcis, Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soe. Ser. 2, III. 319.

Penane: Curtis 687. Mauacca: Griffith ; Goodenough 1450.
PanHAnG: at Praman, near Pekan, Ridley 1022.—Distrris. Burma.

7. WILLUGHBEIA TENUIFLORA, Dyer in Herb. Kew.; Hook. f. Fl.
Br. Ind. IIT. 625 (1882). A large climbing shrub; branches with black
bark; branchlets greyish-brown, lenticellate, striate when dry; innoya-
tions puberulous. Leaves thinly coriaceous, membranous when young ;
elliptic, elliptic-oblong or oblanceolate, sharply and somewhat abruptly
acuminate at apex, cuneate at base; both surfaces glabrous and some-
what shining when dry, the upper dark olivaceous-brown, the lower
bright reddish-brown; margins cartilaginous, recurved, almost revolute ;
4 to 6 in. long, 1:25 to 2 in. broad; midrib slender, prominent, red;
main nerves 20 to 30 pairs, very slender, the middle ones at from 70° to
80° with the midrib, the upper at a less angle, the lower nearly or quite
at right angles, straight to near the margin where they branch and
curve slightly, prominent beneath, less so above; secondary nerves
occasional, between and similar to the main-nerves; reticulations in-
visible except in very young leaves; petiole ‘5 to ‘6 in. long, channelled
above. Cymes axillary, about twice as long as the petioles, densely
crowded with many short few-flowered branches, rusty-puberulous like
the calyx, pedicels and bracteoles; bracteoles ovate, acute, deciduous ;
pedicels ‘05 to -1 in. long; buds oblong-clavate, elongate, reaching
nearly 1 inch; flowers white. Calyx campanulate; lobes ovate, obtuse,
ciliate, 1 in. long. Corolla-tube narrowly cylindric with a nearly
globular dilatation close above the base and opposite the stamens,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 397

‘4 in. long, villous within above the stamens; lobes -4 to -7 in. long,
oblong-faleate, obtuse. Anthers cordate-lanceolate, ‘075 in. long; fila-
ments slender, puberulous, bent close to the back of the connective and
there attached to a broad swelling. Ovary hemispheric, top nearly
truncate; style short, thick, ellipsoid; stigma conical. Berry 4 in.
long, “pyriform, abounding in caoutchouc; pericarp thick, leathery;
seeds many, naked; cotyledons pink, fleshy” (Mazngay).

Perak: Ridley 3075; Wray 3773. Diypines: Curtis. Matacca:
Griffith ; Maingay (K.D.) 1049; Curtis 3484; Hervey ; Cantley 105;
Goodenough 1785. Stnearpore: Fizdley 11333.— Distris. Sumatra
(van Romburgh 469).

Curtis says that the caoutchouc of this species is of no use. Wray No. 3773 is a
specimen in young fruit; the fruits terminal! but otherwise like other specimens.
The apparently terminal fruits probably arose from the cymes of the uppermost axils,
the much enlarged pedicels having absorbed the rest of the small inflorescence or
caused it to fall. The Sumatra specimen has a less puberulous inflorescence, but
otherwise does not seem to differ.

8. WILLUGHBEIA FLAVESCENS, Dyer in Herb. Kew.; Hook. f. FI.
Br. Ind. III. 625 (1882). A slender climbing shrub, all parts glabrous ;
bark dark grey, rough, with large elliptic lenticels; branchlets dull
greyish- or reddish-brown when dry, obtusely angled, the nodes
swollen, bases of fallen leaves tuberculate. Leaves coriaceous ;
elliptic, shortly and bluntly acuminate at apex, rounded or sometimes
shortly cuneate at base; both surfaces glabrous, the upper dark
greenish-brown, the under pale reddish-brown when dry; margins
cartilaginous, recurved; 2°5 to 4°5 in. long, 1:25 to 2:25 in. broad;
midrib stout, impressed above; main nerves slender, 16 to 20 pairs,
rather irregular in angle and spacing, usually at from 70° to 80°
with the midrib, and curving gently to and along the margin, raised
beneath ; secondary. nerves many, between the main-nerves and
similar to them; reticulations very oblique, sometimes nearly parallel
to the nerves, raised beneath; petiole -4 to ‘6 in. long, bordered
_by the decurrent margins of the blade. Cymes axillary, sessile, as
long as or up to twice as long as the petioles, dichotomous; branches
slender ; pedicels -1 in. long; bracteoles minute, acute; buds conoidal at
tip, 2 to ‘3 in. long. Calyx -06 in. long, campanulate, with 5 deep
ovate, acute, ciliate lobes. Corolla hypocrateriform; the tube elliptic-
ovoid ‘15 in. long, mouth much constricted; lobes ovate-faleate, acute,
recurved in flower, -15 in. long, margins involute. Stamens near the
apex of the tube, included, ovate; filaments short, geniculate. Ovary
elliptic-ovoid, glabrous, narrowed into the ‘075 in. long slender style,
which is obconic at top; stigma small, cylindric, rounded at tip.

398 Flora of the Malayan Pennsula.

Berry yellow or greenish-yellow turning to red, ovoid-cordate or nearly
globose; 3 to 4 in. in diam.; pericarp thick, coriaceous, smooth. Seeds
few, large, embedded in pulp, elliptic, about ‘6 in. long by 4 in. broad;
testa membranous; cotyledons plano-convex, thick; radicle minute.
Chilocarpus flavescens, Kew Gard. Report, 1880, 47. Urnularra flave-
scens, Stapf in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 2711, p. 2.

Perak: King’s Collector 7286, 7848. Province WELLESLEY :
Ridley 9889. Matacca: Hervey. Stnearore: Murton 120; Ridley
6936, 10123; Cantley 52.

We do not propose to separate ‘‘ Urnularia”’ from ‘‘ Willughbeia.” Dr. Stapf has
kindly explained that he proposed the new genus under the belief that the seeds were
albuminous, which, however, he finds now they are not. The mistake arose from a
fruit of another dpocynacea, presumably one-half of a follicle of a species of Rejoua,
having been mixed up with the flowering specimens of Urnularia ovatifolia.

9. WILLUGHBEIA RUFESCENS, Dyer in Herb. Kew.; Hook. f. Fl. Br.
Ind. ITI. 626 (1882). A large climbing shrub, glabrous; branches dark
greyish-brown, swollen at the nodes, obtusely angled, rough; branchlets
cinereous-brown when dry, slender. Leaves coriaceous; elliptic-oblong
or -lanceolate, very obtusely short-acuminate at apex, cuneate or
rounded, often unequally, at base; glabrous on both surfaces, olivaceous-
brown and shining above, dull and reddish-brown beneath; margins
recurved; 2 to 4 in. long, ‘5 to 1‘ in. broad; midrib, stout, deeply im-
pressed above, raised beneath; main nerves 20 to 25 or more (the apex
ones very close and difficult to count) pairs, at an angle of about
75° with the midrib, straight to near the margin where they curve;
secondary nerves many, between the main nerves and similar to them,
reticulations oblique; all faint on the upper, rather thick and distinct
on the lower surface; petiole -2 to ‘3 in. long. Cymes axillary, sessile,
slightly longer than the petioles with few slender short lax few-flowered
branches; bracteoles minute, ovate; pedicels -2 in. long, slender; buds
linear-oblong, ‘25 in. long; flowers yellow. Calyx under °1 in. long,
deeply lobed; lobes broadly ovate, subacute, ciliate on the margins.
Corolla hypocrateriform; tube ellipsoid, glabrous, -15 in. long; lobes
narrowly oblong, obtuse, erect when open, ‘15 in. long, margins incurved.
Anthers ovate, apiculate; filaments geniculate, slender, inserted below
the middle of the tube. Ovary broadly ovoid, as long as the calyx;
style short, ‘(06 in. long, ending in an obconic top; stigma narrow,
cylindric. Berry (immature) globose, 1:5 to 2 in. in diam.; pericarp
thick, leathery, smooth. Seeds embedded in pulp.

Perak: Scortechini. Mauacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1092; Hervey.
ProvincE WELLESLEY: at Krian, Ridley 9389. Sincarore: Ridley
3996, 6023, 6047, 6143.—Distrip. Sumatra (forbes 3232).

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 399

2. CHILOcCARPUS, Blume.

Sarmentose or scandent woody shrubs. Leaves coriaceous or char-
taceous, opposite, petiolate, penninerved, the main-nerves numerous,
nearly at right angles to the midrib, sometimes indistinct. Flowers
usually small, slender, in dense axillary cymes or terminal or axillary
trichotomous panicles; pedicels enlarged in fruit. Calyx 5-partite, the
lobes short, glands none. Corolla hypocrateriform; the tube cylindric,
slightly dilated at the insertion of the stamens, the throat without
scales; lobes 5, short, broad, twisted, overlapping to the left, twisted
to the right. Stamens inserted at or below the middle of the tube,
included; anthers lanceolate, acute, the cells rounded at the base,
inappendiculate. Disk none. Ovary entire, 1-celled, with 2 parietal
prominent multi-ovular placentas; style short; stigma conical or ovoid,
faintly bifid; ovules 2- or many-seriate on each placenta. FPrwt a
fleshy berry, ultimately bivalved, dehiscent; pericarp thick. Seeds
embedded in pulp with fibrous and corky arils, numerous, compressed
or thick, often grooved near the hilum; either with thin testa and
horny albumen, or with thick granular testa and thin albumen, albumen
equable or ruminate; cotyledons flat sub-foliaceous, broad or narrow ;
radicle elongate, terete—Distris. India, Burma, Malay Archipelago
and Peninsula, and tropical Australia; species about 16 to 18.

The nature of the corky processes which we call ‘‘ arils”’ above is a little difficult
to understand. They are well shown in the excellent figure of the fruit of C. suaveolens,
Bl., in t. liii. in Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I., but the author gives no explanation
of his drawings. We prefer to use the word aril, as it seems to us the most explana-
tory. When the fruits and seeds of ali the species are known, it may be possible to
make two genera, or, at any rate, two subgenera, according to the testa and albumen.

Flowers small, corolla-tube under -3 in. long (where known) ;
leaves medium-sized or small, nerves not very prominent :—
Flowers in terminal or axillary cymes as long as or longer
than the leaves :—
Flower-pedicels without imbricate bracteoles, only bracts at
the bases of the pedicels; secondary nerves of the leaves
recurrently branched :—
Leaves 2:25 to 3 in. long, thinly coriaceous ; main nerves
many, easily visible when dry; peduncles under 1 in.
long; seeds with thin testa and horny albumen .. 1. C. atro-viridis.
Leaves 3 to 5 in. long, chartaceous; main nerves many,
not easily seen when dry; peduncles over 1°d in. long;
seeds not known one oc Sea -. 2. C. embelioides.
Flower-pedicels with many imbricate bracteoles; seeds with
the testa thick and granular and the albumen thin; secon-
dary nerves of the leaves not recurrently branched .. 38. C. decipiens.

400 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Flowers in axillary cymes much shorter than the leaves;
flower-pedicels with imbricate bracteoles :—
Leaves coriaceous, more or less obovate :—
Cymes nearly sessile; leaves obtuse at the apex; fruit-
pericarp usually tubercled without; seeds with thin testa
and horny albumen .. 4. C. enervis.
Cymes on peduncles nearly 5 in. long; lenven cheats
apiculate ; fruit unknown :—
Leaves coriaceous, upper surface dull brown, lower pale
when dry; main nerves nearly at right angles to the
midrib; corolla-lobes rhomboid-faleate .. 5. C. Cantleyt.
Leaves chartaceo-coriaceous, upper surface nearly alee
shining, lower dark greyish-brown when dry; main
nerves at about 75° with the midrib; corolla-lobes
linear-falcate ar .. 6. C. nigrescens.
Leaves scarcely coriaceous, Bbione: TaMecoltee fruit 2 to
2°5 in. long, about 1 in. broad; seeds with eee testa
and thin fleshy albumen . 7. C. minutiflorus.
Flowers rather large, corolla-tube °7 to 1 in. long; denned Tacaet
nerves very prominent; seeds with thin testa and horny
albumen He dt ake 50 .. 8. C. costatus.

1. CHILOCARPUS ATRO-VIRIDIS, Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I. 153
(1850). A glabrous slender climbing shrub; young branches not much
thicker than a crow-quill, pale brown, terete, sparsely lenticellate,
swollen at the nodes. Leaves thinly coriaceous; narrowly elliptic-
oblong or -lanceolate, shortly and bluntly caudate-acuminate at apex,
cuneate at base; glabrous on both surfaces, dull when dry, the upper
pale brown, the lower yellowish, puncticulate; margins thinly cartila-
ginous, slightly recurved, crispate; 2:25 to 3 in. and even 5 in. long,
‘5 to 1:25 in., even 1:75 in., broad; midrib prominent, impressed above ;
main nerves very numerous, parallel, irregularly spaced, about 25 to 30
pairs; at an angle of about 75° with the midrib, straight to the margin
to meet an intramarginal looped nerve very close to it (under ‘05 in.) ;
secondary nerves very many, between the main nerves, recurrent from
the marginal nerve and branched backwards, the branches forming the
only visible reticulations ; petiole ‘3 to ‘4 in. long, slender. Cymes very
slender, terminal and axillary, reaching 2 to 4 in. in length, trichotomous ;
peduncles ‘5 to 1 in. long, flattened; branch peduncles slender, nearly as
long; ultimate cymules corymbose or subumbellate; pedicels slender,
‘1 to 15 in. long; bracts leafy, caducous, one or two always at the base
of each pedicel minute and scarious; buds clavate, -2 in. long, tip
globose; flowers deep yellow. Calyx campanulate, under ‘1 in. long;
lobes ovate-obtuse, margins hyaline. Corolla-tube short, ‘1 to °15 in.
long, dilated in the middle opposite the stamens, glabrous except a ring
of hair within below the stamens; lobes -1 in. long, falcate, broadly

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 401

notched on one side, recurved when open, acute at tip. Anthers very
small, under ‘05 in. long; filaments scarcely any, pubescent. Ovary
conoidal; style slender ‘05 in. long; stigma oblong, apiculate; ovules
many. Berry ovoid, 1°75 in. long, 1:25 in. in diam., dehiscing in 2
concave valves; pericarp thick, hard, woody, smooth and yellow with-
out. Seeds numerous, black, ‘35 in. long, °3 in. broad, oblate-globose,
deeply grooved at the hilum, about one-third surrounded by an aril
consisting of yellow angular corky masses and a tuft of minute net-like
fibres; testa shining, thin, granular; albumen thick, horny; cotyledons
ovate, obtuse, somewhat cordate, flat, -225 in. long; radicle slender,
15 in. long. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 393; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 626.
Hunteria ? atro-viridis, Wall. Cat. 1614; A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 351.
Winchia atro-viridis, Kurz For. Fl. II. 170.

PERAK: on Maxwell’s Hill, Scortechina 321; at 2,500 to 3,000 feet,
King’s Collector 6303, 8317. Srnancor: at Batang Barjuntai, Radley
7563; at Kent Estate 8557 (flowers white)—Distris. Tavoy, Mergui.

We do not quote ‘“‘ Malabar” in the distribution because we think that Chilocarpus
malabaricus, Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 175, is probably distinet from C. atro-viridis.

2. CHILOCARPUS EMBELIOIDES, King & Gamble, n. sp. A climbing
shrub; branchlets slender, pale dull brown, almost smooth. Leaves
chartaceous; elliptic-oblong, shortly acuminate at apex, narrowed some-
what unequally at base; glabrous on both surfaces and dull, the upper
olivaceous when dry; margins pale, thin, crispate; 3 to 5 in. long,
1-25 to 2 in. broad; midrib slender, prominent on the lower, somewhat
impressed on the upper, surface; main nerves 24 to 26 pairs, very
slender, at an angle of 70° with the midrib, straight, meeting close to
the margin a slender faint intramarginal nerve; secondary nerves
alternate with the main nerves and joining both the intramarginal
nerve and midrib, branched recurrently; reticulations obscure; petiole
‘2 to -4 in. long, slender, slightly rugose. Cymes axillary, lax, many-
flowered, nearly as long as the leaves; peduncles slender, 1:5 to 1:75 in.
long ; branches trichotomous slender, about 1 in. long; ultimate cymules
subumbellate; pedicels slender ‘15 in. long; bracts very small, ovate,
acute, at the bases of the rachis-branches and pedicels; buds very short,
clavate, tip globose. Calyx campanulate, ‘05 in. long; lobes very small,
rounded, with hyaline, ciliate margins. Corolla-tube cylindric, -1 in.
long, slightly constricted at the base and the naked throat, glabrous
except for a ring of white villous hairs below the stamens; lobes broad,
ovate-falcate, acute, ‘05 to ‘1 in. long. Stamens inserted a little above
the middle of the tube; anthers lanceolate, apiculate; filaments very
short. Ovary conical, attenuated into a short style just reaching the

402 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

stamens; stigma conical. Berry (immature) globular, smooth when
fresh, wrinkled when dry. Seeds embedded in pulp.

PrRAK: at Haram, Scortechini 711.

3. CHILOCARPUS DECIPIENS, Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. ITT. 627 (1882).
A glabrous slender climbing shrub; young branches twice as thick as a
crow-quill, terete, dull brown when dry, with numerous elongate pale
lenticels, swollen at the nodes. Leaves thinly coriaceous; narrowly
elliptic-oblong or -lanceolate, obtusely and often obliquely long acumi-
nate at apex, cuneate at base; glabrous on both surfaces and olivaceous-
brown, the lower paler and minutely dotted; margins slightly recurved,
crispate ; 3 to 3:5 in. long, 1 to 15 in. broad; midrib prominent, pale,
channelled above; main nerves 20 to 25 pairs, slender, parallel, at
about 75° to 80° with the midrib, straight to the margin, close to which
they join an intramarginal nerve, visible on both surfaces ; secondary
nerves many, usually alternate with the main nerves, also running to
the intramarginal one, occasionally branched, but not recurrently ;
petiole slender, -25 in. long. Cymes terminal and axillary, 2 to
3-chotomous, forming a terminal leafy panicle up to 9 in. long and
6 in. broad; main peduncles 1 to 1:25 in. long, successive branches
gradually shorter; ultimate cymules subumbellate; pedicels stout,
covered with minute bracteoles spirally arranged, up to -2 in. long;
bracts leafy caducous, those at the bases of the branches and pedicels
ovate acute, sheathing, with pale margins; flowers not known. Berry
linear-oblong, cylindric, 2°5 in. long by nearly 1 in. broad, on a stout
many-bracteolate pedicel and calyx of ovate acute lobes, splitting when
ripe; pericarp woody, minutely granular, green when fresh, reddish-
brown when dry, nearly -1 in. thick. Seeds of various shapes, about
‘5 in. long ; partly enclosed in a corky aril with fibres at its base; testa
granular, deeply furrowed as is the thin fleshy albumen; cotyledons
flat, nearly orbicular, ‘15 in. long; radicle -1 in. long.

Perak: at Ulu Bubong, in dense jungle at 300 to 600 feet, King’s
Collector 10017, 10268. Manacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1043, 1060.
SELANGOR: on Kent Estate, Ridley 8557.

4. CHILOCARPUS ENERVIS, Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 626 (1882). A
stout woody glabrous climbing shrub; branchlets as thick as or thinner
than a goose-quill, pale brown when dry, obtusely angled, the nodes
raised and marked by a ridge; terminal buds resinous. Leaves coria-
ceous; narrowly obovate or oblanceolate, rounded or very briefly
apiculate or sometimes shallowly emarginate at apex, long cuneate at
base; both surfaces shining, the lower very pale when dry and often
minutely puncticulate; the margin slightly cartilaginous, recurved ;
3 to din. long, 1:25 to 2 in. broad; midrib stout, prominent beneath,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 403

channelled above; main nerves numerous, about 25 to 30 pairs, at
about 80° with the midrib, faint on the upper surface, invisible on the
lower; secondary nerves nearly as many as and between the main
nerves, reticulations not visible; petiole ‘d to ‘75 in. long, usually
twisted. Cymes small, in dense axillary clusters, shorter than the
petiole; pedicels very short, thick, spirally corrugated by the scars of
fallen bracteoles, very much thickened in fruit; buds clavate, the tip
globose; flowers minute, white. Calyx ‘05 in. long or less, deeply
divided in 5 ovate, hyaline, puberulous, rounded lobes. Corolla-tube
cylindric, slender, 3 in. long, inflated about one-third of the way up,
opposite the stamens; throat naked; lobes obliquely falcate, apiculate
on one side, ‘1 to ‘15 in. long. Anthers lanceolate, very small, rounded
at the base; filaments very short. Ovary ovate, acuminate; stigma
small, conoidal; placentas prominent. Berry orange-coloured, ellipsoid
or obovoid, 1°5 to 2 in. long and 1 to 1:5 in. broad; pericarp thick,
fleshy, smooth or much corrugated and tubercled externally, woody,
dividing into two concave or flat valves. Seeds embedded in a fibrous
pulp and enclosed in a pale orange corky lobed arillus on one side, °4 in.
long, oblong or ovoid, sometimes flattened at the ends, deeply grooved at
the hilum; testa black, shining, thin; albumen horny, thick; cotyledons
flat, orbicular-cordate, -2 in. in diameter; radicle -1 in. long.

PerAK: at Thaipeng, Kalan Tujor, &c., Wray 593, 1118, 1804, 4026;
Scortechim 189; King’s Collector 3203, 3786, 7532, 8328, at 100 to 500
feet; Cantley 25. Mantacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1044.

5. Cumocarpus Cantueyi, King & Gamble, n. sp. A glabrous
climbing shrub; young branches as thick as a goose-quill, smooth, at
first yellowish afterwards dark brown, obtusely angled, raised at the nodes
and ridged. Leaves coriaceous; elliptic or oblanceolate, the apex obtuse
or with a short blunt apiculus, long-attenuate at base; both surfaces dull
when dry, the upper dark greenish-brown, the lower very pale greenish-
yellow when fresh, puncticulate; margins slightly recurved; 3:5 to 4 in.
long, 1:25 to 15 in. broad; midrib thick, channelled above, broad and
conspicuous beneath; main nerves extremely faint on the upper surface
-when dry, invisible on the lower, apparently about 30 pairs at nearly
right angles with the midrib and with many intermediate secondary
nerves; petiole about 6 in. long, channelled above. Cymes axillary,
glabrous, on stout somewhat flattened peduncles ‘4 to ‘5 in. long, many-
(about 20-) flowered, few-branched; pedicels ‘1 in. long, with many
obtuse imbricate bracteoles which are caducous and leave rough pits
behind; buds clavate, the tip obtuse; flowers yellow. Calyx -075 to
‘1 in. long, lobes elliptic-rotund, thick with hyaline-margins. Corolla-
tube cylindric, ‘2 in. long, dilated slightly below the middle opposite the

2

404 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

stamens, constricted at throat; glabrous within except at the base;
lobes -15 to :2 in. long, broadly rhomboid-faleate, plicate in bud.
Stamens in the dilated part of the tube; anthers lanceolate, rounded
at base, ‘05 in. long; filaments slender, pubescent below, as long as
anthers. Ovary ovate, compressed, tapering to a ‘075 in. long style
with short subglobular stigma. /7ruzt not known.

Perak: near Ulu Kerling, 500 to 700 feet, King’s Collector 8823 ;
swamps in lower Perak, Cantley 227. SrnLancor: at Kwala Lumpor,
Ridley 2839; Curtis 2354.

Curtis’s specimen has more narrowly lanceolate leaves and a rather longer
apiculus, with more slender branches, and has also, with Ridley’s specimen, shorter
peduncles to the inflorescence, but they seem both to be correctly this species, which
comes very near to C. enervis, but has much less slender flowers and larger in-
florescence.

6. CHILOCARPUS NIGRESCENS, King & Gamble, n.sp. A glabrous
climbing (?) shrub; branchlets rather stout, nearly black, terete,
the nodes somewhat swollen and usually ridged. Leaves chartaceo-
coriaceous ; elliptic-oblong or -oblanceolate, shortly and abruptly blunt-
acuminate at apex, cuneate at base, often from nearly the middle of the
blade; upper surface shining, nearly black when dry, lower a little
paler and greyish-brown, minutely puncticulate; margins slightly re-
curved; 3 to 5 in. long, 1:5 to 2 in. broad; midrib rather slender,
slightly impressed above, raised beneath; main nerves 12 to 16 pairs at
an angle of about 75° with the midrib, nearly straight to meet an
arching intramarginal nerve at about ‘1 in. from the edge, faint on both
surfaces; secondary nerves many, often recurrently branched; reticula-
tions obscure; petiole ‘5 to ‘6 in. long. Cymes axillary, up to 1:5 in.
long, more or less pyramidal, crowded; peduncle stout, flattened, -3 to
‘5in. long; branches 3-chotomous, short; cymules subumbellate; pedicels
about -15 in. long, densely strobilate with imbricate, rounded, pale-
margined bracteoles; the bracts at the bases of the branches acute and
sheathing; buds clavate, -4 in. long, the tip globose. Calyx campanu-
late, (05 to ‘075 in. long; lobes rather deep, broadly ovate, rounded,
minutely ciliate. Corolla-tube narrowly cylindric, dilated at about
one-third of the height from the base opposite the stamens, contracted
at the naked mouth, glabrous without, slightly puberulous below the
stamens within; lobes linear-falcate, acuminate, much twisted, about
‘2 in. long. Stamens inserted below the middle of the tube; anthers
lanceolate, apiculate, rounded at base, ‘05 in. long, as long as the slender
curved filaments. Ovary conoidal, glabrous, style slender, obconic
above; stigma conical. Berry not known,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 405

PERAK: on Government Hill and West Hill, Curtis 1040, 1121,
3086.

The same number, ‘‘ Curtis 1040,” is quoted by D. Oliver in Hook. Icon. t. 1758
(1888) as the type of Melodinus coriaceus, Oliver, but all our specimens have more or
less the imbricated bracteoles of Chilocarpus, and are destitute of scales in the throat
of the corolla, or of lacinie to its lobes. A comparison of the specimens of Melo-
dinus coriaceus in the Kew Herbarium shows clearly that two species have been given
the same number, but that the resemblance is superficial only. The real M. coriaceus
has the leaves pale brown, and not black, when dry.

7. CHILOCARPUS MINUTIFLORUS, King & Gamble, n. sp. A glabrous
climbing shrub; young branches thicker than a crow-quill, obtusely
angled, striate, with thin scaly bark, pale when dry; nodes swollen,
joined by a ridge. Leaves thinly coriaceous, elliptic or oblong-lanceolate,
shortly obtusely-acuminate at apex, narrowed or almost rounded at
base; upper surface green, lower waxy-white when fresh, both pale
greenish-yellow when dry; margins slightly recurved; 2 to 2:5 in. long,
‘75 to 1:25 in. broad; midrib slender, prominent beneath; main nerves
9 to 12 pairs, at an angle of about 65° with the midrib, straight, joined
at about ‘05 in. from the margin in an obscure intramarginal nerve,
faint on both surfaces or sometimes not distinguishable; secondary
nerves present, but, like the reticulations, not easily visible; petiole
slender, -15 to -2 in. long. Cymes axillary, few-flowered, scarcely ex-
ceeding the petioles; peduncles very short, as are the branches and
pedicels, which are sometimes enlarged and bear many imbricate
bracteoles; bracts ovate-acute, sheathing; buds clavate, 15 in. long,
the tip globose; flowers white or yellow. Calyx campanulate, -05 in.
long, lobes very small. Corolla-tube inflated in the middle opposite the
stamens, constricted above and below, ‘1 in. long, glabrous except a
ring of hairs under the stamens within; lobes ovate falcate, acuminate,
about -2in. long. Anthers ovate-lanceolate, ‘05 in. long, nearly sessile.
Ovary ovoid, tapering into a short style with conical tip. Berry on a
stout pedicel, narrowly obovoid or pyriform, surmounted by a mamillate
apex, splitting into 2 valves marked by slight vertical ridges; 2 to
2:5 in. long, ‘75 to 1:25 in. broad; pericarp thick, woody, dull green
with specks when fresh, yellowish when dry. Seeds numerous, oblong,
angular, -25 in. long, embedded in pulp and partly enclosed in a papery
aril, suleate at the hilum; testa granular, dark brown; albumen thin,
fleshy ; cotyledons ovate.

Perak: King’s Collector 5368, 5494, 7550, in dense jungle.

No. 5368 has broader leaves than the rest and pedicels with imbricating brac-
teoles, which the others only show a tendency to, but we see no reason to keep it
separate.

406 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

8. Curnocarpus costatus, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 393 (1856). A
stout climbing shrub; young branches as thick as a goose-quill, shining
and purplish-brown when dry, sometimes obtusely angular, nodes
swollen. Leaves chartaceous ; elliptic or elliptic-oblong, shortly and very
obtusely acuminate at apex, attenuate at base or sometimes rounded;
both surfaces glabrous, upper shining, when dry the upper greenish- or
dull purplish-brown, the lower yellowish-brown; margins recurved ;
4 to 8 in. long, 2 to 3:5 in. broad; midrib stout, broad above and
impressed, sharply angled beneath when dry; main nerves 12 to 20
pairs, nearly parallel, very conspicuous, impressed on the upper, raised
on the lower surface, starting at an angle of from 65° to 75° with the
midrib and gradually curving to join in a prominent intramarginal
slightly looped nerve ‘05 to ‘1 in. from the margin; secondary nerves
many, usually alternate with the main nerves but sometimes at irregular
angles with the midrib, recurrent from the intramarginal nerve and
branching backwards; reticulations few, oblique, inconspicuous; petiole
‘) to 1 in. long, bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade. Cymes
axillary, puberulous, trichotomous, reaching about 3 in. in length and
breadth, many-flowered, apparently whorled; peduncles -5 to 1:5 in.
long, stout, flattened; branch peduncles ‘3 to ‘6 in. long, these again
branched; ultimate cymules subumbellate ; pedicels -1 to 15 in. long;
bracts caducous; bracteoles ovate acuminate, grey-puberulous, the mar-
gins hyaline, at the bases of the pedicels; buds clavate with globose
tips, ‘75 in. long; flowers yellowish. Calyx campanulate, -075 in. long;
lobes ovate, rounded, margins hyaline minutely ciliate. _ Corolla-tube
very slender, ‘7 to 1 in. long, dilated a little above the base opposite the
stamens, pubescent at the base within, otherwise glabrous; lobes ovate-
lanceolate, acuminate, reaching ‘5d in. long and about -25 in. broad.
Anthers lanceolate, ‘075 in. long, cells rounded at base; filaments
slender, as long as anthers, villous at base. Ovary ovate, acuminate,
compressed, smooth, glabrous; style slender, ‘1 in. long; stigma ovoid,
apiculate. Berry large, ovoid when young, elliptic when ripe, with a
smooth boss at the apex, and flattened base; 2°5 to 3 in. long, 1:5 to
2in. broad; pericarp thick, orange-yellow, smooth. Seeds embedded
in fibrous pulp and half surrounded by a fleshy yellow arillus, oblong-
subquadrate, deeply channelled at the hilum; testa thin, brown;
albumen thick, horny; cotyledons ovate-orbiculax, flat; radicle short.
C. Maingayt, Dyer; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 627.

Penane: at Ayer Etam, Curtes 475. Prrax: at Sungie Larut,
Wray 2428; Scortechim; King’s Collector 3261, 5264, 10848. PaHana:
Fiidley in Trans. Linn. Soe. Ser. 2, III. 319 (C. Maingayz). Mauacca:
Maingay (K.D.) 1045, 1046; Curtes 3479. Sruancor: Ridley 2726.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 407

We are unable to separate C. Maingayi from C.costatus. Teysmann’s specimen of
the latter in the Kew Herbarium has only immature flower-buds, rather smaller than
the buds of C. Muingayi, but some of our specimens have them in quite as immature
a stage. Curtis says it gives a very white rubber.

3. LEruconotis, Jack.

Hrect or climbing shrubs. Leaves opposite, distantly penninerved.
Flowers in pedunculate axillary cymes, 4-merous. Calyx 4-lobed or
-partite, thickened at the base, eglandular or minutely glandular within.
Corolla hypocrateriform; tube slightly dilated in the middle opposite
the stamens, throat naked; lobes 4, short, overlapping to the left.
Stamens 4, included in the tube; anthers linear-lanceolate, the cells
rounded at the base. Disk none. Ovary 2-celled; style short; stigma
thickened, with a very short bifid apiculus; ovules 2 to 3 in each cell,
axile, laterally affixed. Fruit an ovoid or globose berry, pulpy within.
Seeds 1 to 6, ovoid-oblong; testa membranous; albumen none; coty-
ledons thick fleshy, the inner surfaces irregular; radicle short. —
Distris. Malay Peninsula and Archipelago; about 6 species.

Calyx 4-partite, lobes long linear; intramarginal nerve of leaves
very prominent; ovules 3 in each cell; seeds up to 6 .. L. L. eugenifolius.
Calyx 4-lobed, lobes short rounded; intramarginal nerve ob-
scure ; ovules 2 in each cell; seeds usually 2 :—
Corolla-tube :25 in. long; peduncles very stout; calyx and
bracteoles very thick fleshy; berry obovoid ae .. 2 L. Maingayi.
Corolla-tube 3 to -4 in. long; peduncles rather thick; calyx
and bracteoles moderately large and thick ; berry ellipsoid .. 3. L. Griffthii.

1. Levconotis EvGENIFoLIUS, A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 331 (1844).
A small erect or climbing shrub; branchlets thinner than a goose-quill,
dark-rusty-puberulous at first, afterwards glabrous, obscurely angled.
Leaves chartaceous; elliptic-oblong, sometimes oblanceolate, abruptly
and often obliquely obtuse-caudate-acuminate at apex, rounded at base
or sometimes slightly cuneate; upper surface dull olivaceous-brown,
lower surface pale yellowish-brown, minutely punctate and rusty-
_ puberulous on the nerves; 2°5 to 4:5 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad; main
nerves 8 to 10 pairs, very prominent on the lower surface, at right
angles to the midrib, straight to join in a conspicuous intramarginal
nerve at nearly ‘1 in from the edge, the said nerve joining the midrib
below the acumen; secondary nerves usually 1 or 2 between the main
nerves, reticulations obscure; petiole slender, 3 to ‘d in. long, rusty-
pubescent. Cymes 1 to 1:5 in. long, erect, rusty-pubescent, usually
about 6- to 12-flowered; peduncle ‘5 in. long; branches 3, the side ones
few-flowered, the mid one usually again branched ; pedicels about ‘2 to

408 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

‘3 in. long; bracts leafy, linear or spathulate, :5 to 1 in. long; bracteoles
linear, obtuse at tip, similar to calyx-lobes; buds clavate, the tip ovoid ;
flowers yellowish. Calyx-tube very short; lobes linear, -2 in. long,
pubescent and with few hispid hairs near the obtuse tip, slightly
recurved ; glands few, minute. Corolla-tube ‘3 to -4 in. long, glabrous
except near the base inside; lobes ‘15 to -2 in. in diameter, ovate-
cordate, densely pubescent, the margins incurved. <Anthers 4, linear-
lanceolate, apiculate, -15 in. long; filaments -05 in. long, slender,
decurrent in the tube. Ovary conoidal, more or less 4-angled, glabrous
or pubescent; style slender, -125 in. long; stigma globose, apiculus
bifid; cells 2, ovules 3 in each cell. Berry ovoid, about 1:25 to 1:5 in.
long and lin. in diameter; pericarp leathery, shining without, wrinkled
when dry, pulp very scanty, septum thin. Seeds up to 6, ovoid-oblong,
‘6 in. long by °35 in. broad, slightly grooved at the hilum; testa mem-
branous, brown ; cotyledons very thick, unequal. Migq. FI. Ind. Bat. II.
397; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 628. L. cuspidata, Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd.-
Bat. I. 112; Mig. l.c. 398. Melodinus ? eugenifolius, Wall. Cat. 1616.

Kepau: Cantley 230. Prenane: Wallich 1616; Curtis 1061; King’s
Collector 996A, 1452. Prax: Curtis; Wray 629, 680, 3141, 4248;
Scortechim 1281. Sincapore: firdley 2724.— Distris. Sumatra
(Teysmann 4053; Beccary 844; Curtis 3551; Forbes 1586, 2725),
Borneo (Burbidge, Beccart 3246).

2. Leuconotis Maineayi, Dyer in Herb. Kew.; Hook.f. Fl. Br.
Ind. ITI. 628 (1882). A climbing shrub; branchlets stout, nearly as
thick as a goose-quill, nearly black when dry, obtusely quadrangular,
the nodes swollen and crossed by a slender ridge joining the bases of
the petioles. Leaves opposite or in whorls of 3, coriaceous; elliptic-
oblong, abruptly and obtusely caudate-acuminate at apex, attenuately
rounded at base; shining on the upper surface and very dark brown
when dry, paler and dull on the lower; margins recurved ; 3 to 5 in. long,
15 to 2 in. broad; midrib strong, channelled above, raised beneath; main
nerves 6 to 10 pairs, the lowest very near the margin and starting the
rather obscure intramarginal looped nerve, to which the others, which
start from the midrib at about 60°, gradually curve; secondary nerves
none or very few; reticulations obliquely transverse, rather prominent ;
petiole 1:25 in. long, channelled above by the decurrent margins of
the blade, which become connivent. Cymes very stout, about as long as
the petiole, about 15- to 20-flowered ; peduncle very thick, flattened, -25
to ‘5 in. long and ‘15 to :25 in. broad, much enlarging in fruit; branches
about 4, these again 2-chotomously branched, very stout, as are the
very short (up to ‘15 in. long) pedicels; bracts ovate-acute, clasping the
branches and bases of the pedicels; buds clavate, the tip conical.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 409

Calyx-tube very short, fleshy; lobes 4, ovate, rounded, the two outer
broader and shorter than the two inner, which are ‘2 in. long, all
glabrous but very slightly ciliate; glands very many, very minute, in
bud scarcely more than papilla. Corolla-tube cylindric, ‘25 in. long,
puberulous at the base within; lobes 4, broadly ovate, recurved, thickly
puberulous, the margins incurved slightly. Stamens in the upper half
of the tube; anthers lanceolate, apiculate, -125 in. long; filaments
short, broad. Ovary somewhat depressed, 4-grooved, tapering to a
broad ‘1 in. style ; stigma rounded with a short apiculus ; cells 2, ovules 2
in each cell. Berry obovoid, 1:5 to 1:75 in. long by about 1 in. in diam. ;
pericarp thick, smooth and shining without. Seeds about 3, oblong,
somewhat flattened, °75 in long by ‘5 in. broad and °25 in. thick, dark
brown; testa very membranous; cotyledons thick, fleshy; radicle
cylindric, about °15 to ‘2 in. long.

SINGAPORE: Maingay (K.D.) 935; Ridley 2826, 3710, 8908.

3. Leuconotis Grirrituit, Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. ITT. 628 (1882).
A glabrous climbing shrub; branchlets stout, as thick as a goose-quill,
obscurely angled, dark brown when dry with a few pale lenticels, ultimate
ones quadrangular. Leaves coriaceous; elliptic-oblong, obtusely and
abruptly short acuminate at apex, rounded or slightly cuneate at base ;
upper surface shining, pale olivaceous-brown when dry, lower dull and
paler chocolate-brown, often glandular-dotted; margins recurved; 3:0
to 5:5 in. long, 1:5 to 2:25 in. broad; midrib slender, impressed above,
sharply prominent beneath; main nerves 5 to 7 pairs, starting at an
angle of 70° with the midrib and curving upwards to meet in a faint
looped intramarginal nerve, impressed above, raised beneath, fairly
conspicuous when dry; secondary nerves few or none; reticulations
obliquely transverse; petiole 5 to ‘75 in. long, bordered by the decurrent
margins of the blade, which are connivent. Cymes axillary, erect, as
long as the petiole; peduncle ‘5 in. long, somewhat flattened, stout ;
branches 3 at first, again subdividing, crowded; pedicels quadrangular,
‘1 to -2 in. long; bracts ovate, acute, sheathing the bases of the joints
and pedicels; buds clavate, the tip oblong; flowers yellow. Calyx -1 in.
long, thick at base; lobes 4, ciliate, the two outer ovate-acute, the
2 inner oblong rounded, all with many small glands at the base within
and 1 to 2 fairly large ones. Corolla-tube cylindric, ‘3 to -4 in. long,
glabrous except the puberulous lower third inside; lobes broad, blunt,
ovate, ‘15 to ‘2 in. long. Stamens occupying the upper half of the
tube; filaments short, broad; anthers linear-lanceolate, apiculate, °125 in.
long. Ovary conical, 4-angled, glabrous, with an angled style and acute
stigma; cells 2-ovuled. Berry ellipsoid, 1°5 in. long, 1 in. in diameter ;
pericarp leathery, smooth, shining. Seeds usually 2 only, on a thin

410 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

septum and with little pulp, ‘7 in. long, -4 in. broad; testa mem-
branous; cotyledons very thick, wrinkled on the inner face; radicle
small, included between the cotyledons.

Perak: Scortechint 1475; Wray 28, 592, 1366, 4009; King’s Col-
lector 2663, 3080; Curtis. Mauacca: Griffith; Maimgay (K.D.) 1050,
1051. Stnancor; fidley 1963. Srinearore: Kurz; T. Anderson 60;
Fiidley 2735, 9166.

Ridley’s specimen from Upper Bukit Mandai, Singapore, has dark rough
branchlets, smaller leaves with closer main-nerves and less crowded cymes, but does
not seem otherwise to differ, at any rate not sufficiently to warrant its being made a
variety.

L. Grifithii is an india-rubber producer, and the product is said to be good, very
probably as good as that of the neighbouring L. elasticus, Becc. ‘Nelle foreste di
Borneo,’ pp. 358, 562, fig. 59, and Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 2733.

4. Menopinus, Forst.

Erect or scandent shrubs. Leaves opposite, penninerved, the
nerves thin, parallel; reticulations transverse. Flowers in terminal
trichotomously paniculate cymes or in axillary and condensed cymes,
5- rarely 4-merous, white or pale pink, often sweet-scented. Calyx
5d-partite, eglandular within. Corolla hypocrateriform; tube cylindric,
dilated more or less opposite the stamens; the lobes overlapping to the
left, entire or fimbriate at the tips; the mouth with thick cleft or lobed
scales. Stamens 5 or 4, at or below the middle of the tube; anthers
included, oblong-lanceolate, cells rounded at the base ; filaments short.
Disk none. Ovary 2-celled; style short; stigma thick, bifid; ovules
many in each cell, axile. Frwt a globose berry; pericarp coriaceous
or hard. Seeds many, embedded in pulp; albumen fleshy; cotyledons
thin, ovate, foliaceous; radicle long.—DzstTris. India, Malaya, Southern
China and Australasia, about 20 species.

Flowers rather large, in terminal panicled cymes; corolla-lobes
oblong, rounded, entire (Subgenus I. Eumrioprnus) .. 1. MW. monogynus.
Flowers small, in short axillary cymes; corolla-lobes dentate at
tip, often fimbriate (Subgenus Il. PLevRopHAcELUs) :—
Leaves chartaceous, both surfaces brown and nearly similar
in colour, the lower only slightly paler than the upper :—
Cymes scarcely longer than the petiole, -25 to ‘5 in. long:—
Corolla-tube thick, not much dilated, lobes bifid, one
branch bicuspidate; buds -25 in. long; leaves with 20 to
30 pair main nerves .. ni a5 .. 2. M. orientalis.
Corolla-tube slender, dilated in middle, lobes bifid, one
branch fimbriate-dentate; buds ‘15 to ‘2 in. long :—
Leaves rather broad, reaching 2°25 in., main nerves 10 ’
to 15 pairs; cymes many-flowered 32 .. 3, M. micranthus.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 411

Leaves narrow, reaching only 1:25 in. broad, main

nerves 18 to 22 pairs; cymes few-flowered .. 4. M. citriformis
Cymes longer than the petiole, -75 to 1 in. long; leaves
greenish-brown when dry ie .. 9. M. perakensis.

Leaves coriaceous, upper surface olivaceous- ane shining ;

lower surface paler and dull; cymes scarcely longer than the

petioles; corolla-lobes scarcely bifid, much oblique, fimbriate

at tip ae Se a ie .. 6. MW. coriaceus.

1. Menopinus mMonoeynus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. II. 56 (1832). A large
glabrous climbing shrub; young branches thinner than a goose-quill,
smooth, nearly cylindric, dull brown when dry. Leaves chartaceous ;
oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate at apex, cuneate or rounded at
base; glabrous on both surfaces, the upper shining, the lower rather
dull and paler brown when dry; margins slightly recurved, somewhat
crispate when dry; 4°5 to 6 in. long; 1:5 to 2in. broad; midrib slender,
impressed above, raised beneath; main nerves about 20 pairs, slender,
at about an angle of 70° with the midrib, very slightly curved to
meet an intramarginal looped nerve close to the edge; secondary nerves
many, similar to main nerves but thinner, often forked, sometimes with
recurrent branches; reticulations transverse, irregular; all faint on both
surfaces; petiole -2 to -3 in. long, rather stout. Cymes terminal,
puberulous, reaching 3 in. in length (occasionally more) and 2 to 3 in.
in diam.; peduncles 0 to ‘75 in. long; branches trichotomous; pedicels
variable; bracts of the inflorescence and primary branches leafy,
caducous, those at the bases of the branches and pedicels ovate, acute
bracteoles 1 to 2, small, obtuse, on the pedicel itself; buds elongate, tip
oblong, acute; flowers white, fragrant. Calyx campanulate ; lobes 5,
oblong-orbicular, sometimes emarginate, ciliate, 15 to -2 in. long, the
margins hyaline. Corolla-tube cylindric, ‘5 to ‘75 in. long, widening
upwards, glabrous or slightly puberulous without, densely villous
within, above the stamens; lobes oblong-falcate, rounded, ‘3 to ‘5 in.
long, more or less auricled, each with a 2- to 3-lobed glabrous scale near
the base; throat with a corona of 5 bifid villous linear-falcate lobes.
Anthers oblong-lanceolate, ‘06 in. long; filaments slender, short.
Ovary rounded; style slender, ‘lin. long; stigma thick, cylindric,
with a sharp bifid apiculus, very gummy, embraced by the anthers.
Berry globose, smooth, pulpy, reaching 3 in. in diam. ; pericarp coriaceous,
orange-coloured, smooth. Seeds numerous, flattened; integuments 2,
outer thick rugose, inner membranous; albumen copious; cotyledons oval.
A. DC. Prod. VIII. 329; Wall. Cat. 1603; Wight Ic. t. 394; Bot. Reg.
t. 834; Bot. Mag. t. 2527; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 629; Prain Beng.
Plants 668. EHchaltiwm piscidiwm, Wight Ic. t. 472, excl. fig. of fruit.
Neriwm prscidiwm, Roxb. FI. Ind. II. 7, excl. descr. of fruit.

412 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Penane: Maingay (K.D.) 1085. Prrax: Curtis 1308.—DiIstTR1B.
India (Sikkim Himalaya, Cooch Behar, Assam, Khasia Hills and
Sylhet): Timor (forbes 3708). The fruit is edible.

2. MELODINUS ORIENTALIS, Blume Bijd. 1026 (1826) and Mus. Bot.
Lugd.-Bat. I. 155, fig. LIT. A large glabrous climbing shrub; branches
smooth, rather slender, with nearly black bark; upper branchlets
obscurely angled, glabrous. Leaves chartaceous; oblong or elliptic-
oblong, obtusely acuminate at apex, acute at base and often unequal ;
glabrous on both surfaces, upper nearly black and shining when dry,
lower chocolate-brown and dull; margins slightly undulate-crispate ;
3 to 55 in. long, 1 to 2°25 in. broad; midrib slender, slightly impressed
above, sharply raised beneath; main nerves about 20 to 30 pairs, at from
60° to 70° with the midrib, curving upwards and branching to meet an
obscure intramarginal looped nerve quite close to the margin; secondary
nerves hardly distinguishable from main nerves, but rather more slender,
sometimes with recurrent branches; reticulations irregular, obscure ;
petiole -3 to ‘5 in. long, bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade,
which are connivent. Cymes axillary, few-(8- to 10-) flowered, crowded,
scarcely as long as the petioles; peduncles very short or almost none,
stout; bracts ovate-acute, sheathing the branches and the very short
(025 in. long) pedicels, which also bear a pair of rounded bracteoles
below the calyx; buds clavate, -25 in. long, tip globose; flowers white.
Calyx campanulate, thick, ‘1 in. long; lobes half that length, ovate,
rounded, puberulous. Corolla-tube thick, cylindric, 2 in. long, dilated
opposite the stamens, contracted above and below, puberulous without,
and within below the stamens; lobes short, obliquely ovate, bifid, one
branch bicuspidate, plicate in bud; throat with 5 thick fleshy 2-lobed
scales. Stamens inserted in the middle of the tube; anthers lanceolate,
apiculate, rounded at base; filaments short, slender. Ovary conoidal,
ribbed, surmounted by a slender style ‘05 in. long and obconie above;
stigma conical with a bifid apiculus. Berry “large, yellow” (Maingay),
‘‘globose, red’? (Blume), apparently about 2°5 in. in diameter. Seeds
oblong, about ‘8 in. long and 4 in. broad, testa rugose. Maiq. Fl. Ind.
Bat. II. 395, t. xxxiv.; A. DC. Prod. VIII. 330; Kurz in Journ. As. Soe.
Beng. XLVI. 11. 250, om note; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 629. Hunterza 2
cuspidata, Wall. Cat. 1609; A. DC. l.c. 350. <Alyxia? cusprdata, Wall.
Herb. Chilocarpus cuspidatus, Benth. in Gen. Pl. Il. 698 (under
Hunteria).

Prenane: Wallich 1609; Phillips ; Maingay (K.D.) 1043/2 (Chilo-
carpus suaveolens) ; Curtis 738, 2838. PERAK: on Maxwell’s hill,
3000 ft. Scortechim 355; at Goping, King’s Collector 4530. Disrrip.
Java, Sumatra (forbes 1568).

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 413

3. MELODINUS MiIcRANTHUS, Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. III. 629 (1882).
A climbing shrub (apparently) ; branchlets rather slender, terete, with
nearly black bark, uppermost somewhat angular. Leaves chartaceous ;
oblong-lanceolate, obtusely acuminate at apex, attenuate at base;
smooth and shining and dark reddish-brown on both surfaces when
dry, the lower rather paler than the upper; margins recurved, slightly
undulate ; 3 to 6inches long, 1 to 2°25 in. broad; midrib slender and
impressed above, more conspicuous and raised beneath; main nerves
10 to 15 pairs, slender, remote, at an angle of from 50° to 60° with the
midrib, and curving slightly upward to an obscure intramarginal nerve
just within the edge, impressed above; secondary nerves few; reticula-
tions transverse, oblique; petiole -15 to -25 in. long, slender. Cymes
many-flowered, axillary, trichotomous, about ‘5 in. long; peduncles 2 in.
long, rachis angular; bracts very small, ovate-acute, with ciliate
hyaline tips; pedicels ‘05 to -075 in. long, with two bracteoles near the
base of the calyx; buds clavate, tip conical-globose, ‘15 in. long. Calyx
‘075 in. long; tube about one-third of length; lobes ovate, rounded.
Corolla-tube cylindric, dilated a little above the middle, constricted
above and below, °125 in. long, pubescent within in a ring below the
stamens ; lobes short, unequally obtusely 2-lobed, twisted to the right ;
the base furnished with fleshy bifid scales closing the mouth. Anthers
lanceolate, long-apiculate, ‘05 in. long; filaments very short. Ovary
globose; style slender; stigma conical, with a short bifid apiculus.
Fruit not seen.

PENANG: road to Sungie Penang, Cwrtis 1053. Manacca: Maingay
(K.D.) 1090.

4, MELODINUS CITRIFORMIS, King & Gamble,n.sp. A slender glabrous
climbing shrub; young branches rather thicker than a crow-quill, dull
brown when dry, with elongate lenticels. Leaves chartaceous; oblong-
lanceolate, obtusely and often obliquely caudate-acuminate at apex,
cuneate at base; both surfaces glabrous, dull olivaceous-brown when
dry; margin slightly crispate; 3 to 4 in. long, 1 to 1:25 in. broad;
midrib slender; main nerves 18 to 22 pairs, at rather irregular angles
but usually at about 70° with the midrib, fairly straight, meeting an
intramarginal nerve at less than -05 in. from the margin, faint on both
surfaces when dry; secondary nerves many, irregular, alternate with
the main nerves, recurrent and forked to form the inconspicuous
reticulations; petiole -25in. long. Cymes axillary, few-flowered, scarcely
longer than the petiole; peduncle and pedicels very short, with many
ovate obtuse bracteoles, which, however, scarcely imbricate; buds cla-
vate, ‘2in. long, tip globose; flowers light yellow. Calyx -05 in. long,
campanulate; lobes very short, obtuse, hyaline on the margins. Corolla-

414 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

tube cylindric, dilated in the middle rather below the stamens, con-
tracted above and below, glabrous except a ring of hairs within under
the stamens, °125 in. long, with 5 lobed fleshy scales closing the throat;
lobes angled, falcate, fimbriate at the tip, the tip inflexed when open.
Anthers lanceolate, apiculate, ‘05 in. long; filaments short, pubescent at
base. Ovary conoidal, tapering to a short style and oblong conical
stigma, with a pale band at its base. Berry ovoid, orange, 3 to 3:5 in.
long, 2°5 in. in diameter ; pericarp smooth, shining, rather thin. Seeds
numerous, embedded in pulp, roughly oblong, ‘6 in. long, -4 in. broad,
with no apparent aril; testa thick, granular, brown, deeply pitted;
albumen waxy or fleshy; cotyledons oblong, ‘125 in. long, flat; radicle
thick, cylindrical, ‘275 in. long.

PERAK: in dense jungle at 500 to 800 feet, near Lartt, King’s Col-
lector 6525.

5. MELODINUS PERAKENSIS, King & Gamble, n. sp. A glabrous
climbing shrub; young branches thicker than a crow-quill, cinereous-
brown, uppermost obscurely quadrangular. Leaves chartaceous; elliptic
or elliptic-oblong, shortly and obtusely acuminate at apex, attenuate at
base; both surfaces pale greenish-brown when dry, the upper somewhat
shining and darker than the lower; margins slightly recurved; 3:5 to
din. long, 15 to 2in. broad; midrib slender, slightly impressed above,
raised beneath; main nerves slender, 10 to 15 pairs, starting at about
60° with the midrib and curved upwards to and along the margin where
they meet, forming a slightly broken wavy obscure intramarginal nerve;
secondary nerves few; reticulations irregular, very faint, only the
main nerves easily visible; petiole 15 to -2 in., stout. Cymes axillary,
‘75 to 1 in. long, lax, sessile; branches and ‘1 to ‘2 in. long pedicels
slender; bracts ovate-acute, in pairs at the branches and below the
pedicels with 1 to 2 obtuse bracteoles on the pedicel; buds clavate,
‘2 in. long, tips globose ; flowers waxy-white. Calyx :05 in. long, cam-
panulate; lobes broadly ovate, ciliate. Corolla-tube cylindric, slightly
inflated in the middle opposite the stamens, narrowed at the throat ;
lobes oblong-spathulate, spreading, the apex lobed, one lobe fimbriately
toothed; a large rounded gland at the base of each lobe, in the throat
of the tube. Anthers lanceolate, cordate at base; filaments short,
slender. Ovary broadly ovate; style slender; stigma conical with a
bifid apiculus. Fruit pyriform, about 2 in. long by 1°5 in. broad; peri-
carp thin but woody, smooth. Seeds many, roughly triangular, -75 in.
long; testa dark brown, rugose, crustaceous, deeply pitted.

PERAK: in open jungle on limestone hills, at 300 to 800 feet, King’s
Collector 4481, 7031.

6. Mrtopinus cortaceus, Oliver in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1758 (1888).

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 415

A large climbing shrub; branchlets as thick as a swan’s-quill, dark
reddish-brown, rough, uppermost internodes flattened or angled and
_with vertical lines; nodes raised and with a slight ridge. Leaves
coriaceous; elliptic or obovate or oblong-oblanceolate, obtuse or very
slightly acute at apex, cuneate at base; upper surface olivaceous-brown,
shining, lower much paler and dull, grey when dry; margins recurved ;
3 to 5 in. long, 1-5 to 2 in. broad; midrib prominent, impressed above,
raised beneath; main nerves 13 to 17 pairs, at about 60° to 70° with
the midrib, nearly straight to jom an obscure intramarginal nerve ;
secondary nerves recurrent, branching into reticulations, all fairly dis-
tinct on the upper, indistinct on the lower surface; petiole -3 to ‘5 in.
long, channelled above. Cymes axillary, sessile, as long as or slightly
longer than the petioles, many-flowered; rachis angular; bracteoles
ovate, acute, ciliate; pedicels stout, ‘05 in. long, much enlarged in fruit;
buds clavate, with globosé tip, °25 in. long. Calyx :05 to -075 in. long ;
lobes half the length, ovate, acute, ciliate. Corolla-tube cylindric, con-
stricted at the mouth and near the base, dilated between, opposite the
stamens, pubescent within in a ring below the stamens, glabrous with-
out, mouth furnished with 5 2-lobulate fleshy appendages which nearly
close it; lobes ovate, falcate, very oblique, the tips fimbriate-dentate
turned to the right. Anthers near the top of the tube, sagittate, apicu-
late, 06 in. long; filaments short. Ovary globose, style slender; stigma
conical, with a short bifid apiculus, very gummy. Jerry ovoid or
globose, 1:5 to 2°5 in. in diam.; pericarp yellowish, shining, tubercular.
Seeds many, of irregular shapes, usually ovate pyriform; testa granular,
rugose, much pitted; albumen waxy, deeply pitted by the ridges of the
testa; cotyledons small, oblong, ‘125 in. long; radicle cylindrical, -25 in.
long. Alyxia ? corvacea, Wall. Cat. 9065, and in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed.
Carey & Wall. II. 540; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 635. Hunteria ?
corvacea, Wall. Cat. 1610.

Penane: Wallach 1610, 9065; at Chalet, 1000 feet, Curtes 1040.
PERAK: open jungle near Larut, King’s Collector 7499; Waterfall Hill,
Wray 2074.

Tribe I1.—PLUMERIEZ.
Subtribe 1.—RAUWOLFIINZ.
Os VATHNEXeL AGS ee

Shrubs, sometimes scandent, usually glabrous. Leaves coriaceous,
in verticils of 3 to 4, rarely opposite; the nerves more or less faint.
Flowers rather small, in small axillary or terminal cymes. Calyx short,
4- to 5-partite, eglandular within. Corolla hypocrateriform ; tube
eylindric, slightly expanded opposite the stamens, throat naked ;

416 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

lobes 5, slightly twisted, overlapping to the left. Stamens inserted
above the middle of the tube; anthers lanceolate, their bases rounded.
Disk none or obscurely annular. Ovary of 2 distinct carpels; style
filiform; stigma oblong, urceolate or capitate, poimted or somewhat
bifid; ovules 2 to 6 in two series in each carpel. Frwt of 1 or 2 drupes
often pedicellate; drupes 1-seeded or with 2 to 4 one-seeded joints.
Seeds ovoid or oblong, grooved or concave on the ventral surface at the
attachment to the placenta; albumen horny, deeply ruminate, pre-
senting horizontal parallel lamelle; cotyledons thin, leafy, ovate or
oblong, straight or curved; radicle long, thick.— Distris. Tropical
Asia, Australia, and Polynesia; about 30 to 35 species.

Drupes °5 in. long or under :—
Corolla pubescent without ; leaves pubescent beneath .. 1. A. pilosa.
Corolla glabrous without; leaves usually glabrous beneath :—
Leaves coriaceous :-—
Leaves mostly over 2 in. long :—
Main nerves 16 to 20 pairs at an angle of 60° to 70°

with midrib 56 2. A. lucida.
Main nerves 25 to 40 pairs Ri an wane of 80° with
midrib . : os 20 .. 3. A. odorata.

Leaves raoatly under 2 in. long :-—
Main nerves 10 to 12 pairs at right angles to midrib.. 4. A. oleifolia.
Main nerves 15 to 20 pairs at 75° to 80° with midrib.. 5: A. pumila.
Leaves chartaceous, 2:5 to 5 in, long, main nerves 27 to 30
pairs ; 50 5¢ 36 .. 6. A. Forbesii.
Drupes over °5 in. isabe _
Leaves thinly coriaceous, 4 to 6 in. long, main nerves ex-

tremely numerous; drupes 1 in. long 7. A. Scortechinii.
Leaves coriaceous, 3 to 4 in. long, main nerves 25 to 30 pairs;
flower not known; drupe ‘75 in. long ae .. 8. A. selangorica.

1. Anyxta prnosa, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 408 (1856). A slender
climbing shrub; branches stout with pale bark; branchlets thinner
than a goose-quill, angled, striate, dull brown, covered, especially the
extremities, with dense minute grey tomentum. Leaves very coriaceous,
opposite or more often in whorls of 3 to 4; lanceolate or elliptic-
lanceolate, shortly acuminate at apex, cuneate or acuminately narrowed
at base; upper surface shining olivaceous, lower pale yellowish-oliva-
ceous densely short-pubescent ; margins cartilaginous, recurved; 3 to
5 in. long, 1 to 1:5 in. broad; midrib very stout, very prominent on the
under surface, impressed on the upper; main nerves 15 to 20 pairs,
almost at right angles to the midrib, faintly depressed on the upper
surface when dry, broad and pale on the lower; secondary nerves many,
very indistinct, as are the reticulations; petiole ‘25 to ‘35 in. long,
thick, bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade. Cymes axillary,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 417

densely grey-pilose, reaching -75 to 1 in. in length; peduncles stout,
‘25 in. long; flowers subumbellately crowded; bracts at the bases of
the umbels lanceolate, -15 in. long; bracteoles smaller, three on each
pedicel, which is scarcely 1 in. long; buds clavate, the tip ovate-acute ;
flowers yellowish-white (?). Calyx deeply cleft, -15 in. long; lobes
ovate-lanceolate, densely pubescent. Corolla-tube cylindric, dilated
near the top opposite the stamens, contracted at the mouth which
bears inside an annular ring, ‘4 in. long, pubescent without and below
the stamens within; lobes ovate-cordate, glabrous within, °15 in. long.
Anthers elliptic lanceolate, apiculate, 06 in. long; filaments slender.
Ovary (or the thin lobed disk surrounding and attached to it) densely
villous; carpels 2; style slender, :25 in. long; stigma cylindric, with a
bifid very short apiculus. F’rwt of 1 or 2 pedicellate oblong-ellipsoid
drupes, ‘5 in. long, °35 in. broad, tipped with the persistent base
of the style; pericarp smooth, thin, wrinkled when dry. Seed 1,
oblong, conform to the pericarp, furrowed on one side where it is
attached to the placenta; testa membranous; albumen horny, deeply
ruminate in closely packed horizontal lamelle; cotyledons small,
oblong ; radicle long, cylindric. Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 635.

PERAK: in dense jungle near the top of Gunong Malacca, at 3,500
to 4,000 feet, King’s Collector 7170. Matacca: on Mount Ophir,
Liobb.—Distris. Sumatra, Borneo (Teysmann, Beccarz 1685, 2121).

Lobb’s specimen has the leaves somewhat obovate, obtuse and almost emarginate

at apex, but otherwise seems to be the same as the Peninsular and Sumatran
specimens.

2. AuyxIA LucIDA, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 540
(1824). <A glabrous twining shrub; branches stout dark greyish-brown,
sparsely lenticelled; branchlets quadrangular, grey to reddish-brown,
shining. Leaves pergamaceous, opposite or in whorls of three, in young
branches of four; elliptic or obovate, obtuse or bluntly acute at apex,
cuneate at base; glabrous on both surfaces, the upper shining, olive-
green when dry, the lower dull and pale; margins cartilaginous,
recurved; 1:75 to 3:5 in. long, 1 to 1:25 in. broad; midrib slender,
impressed above, raised beneath; main nerves 16 to 20 pairs, slender,
at 60° to 70° with the midrib, straight to join an intramarginal nerve at
‘05 in. from the edge or nearer, indistinct on both surfaces, less so on
the lower; secondary nerves many, between and similar to the main
nerves, often branched; reticulations obscure; petiole -1 to °3 in. long,
stout, bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade. Cymes axillary,
trichotomous, corymbosely subumbellate, puberulous, reaching -75 in.
long; peduncles angular, about -2 in. long; pedicels slender, -1 in. long ;
bracts linear-subulate, acute; bracteole on the pedicel, rounded; buds

418 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

clavate *3 in. long, the tip ovate; flowers yellowish-white, fragrant.
Calyx deeply 5-cleft; lobes linear, acute, ‘06 in. long, pubescent, ciliate
on the margins. Corolla-tube narrowly cylindric, slightly dilated near
the top opposite the stamens, contracted at the throat which is naked
but furnished with an annular fold within, glabrous without, puberulous
below the stamens within; lobes oblong, broad, :125 in. long, recurved.
Stamens inserted below the throat of the tube; anthers lanceolate,
‘05 in. long; filaments as long, slender. Dzsk of 5 minute very villous
scales, surrounding the ovary and almost adherent. Ovary of 2 distinct
carpels, ovoid, glabrous; style -15 to ‘2 in. long, very slender; stigma
oblong, apiculus bifid. Frwit of 1 or 2 pedicellate drupes; the pedicels
‘3 to ‘6 in. long; drupes ‘5d in. long, °3 in. broad, ellipsoid, shortly
apiculate; pericarp thin, striate. Seed solitary, -3 to °5 in. long, -2 to
‘3 in. broad, ellipsoid, deeply cleft on one side where it is attached to
the placenta; testa membranous; albumen horny, deeply ruminate,
and presenting closely packed horizontal lamellae; cotyledons flat,
oblong, ‘075 to ‘1 in. long; radicle cylindric, stout, -15 in. long.
Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 635. A. Gynopogon, Syst. Veg. IV. 440;
Wall. Cat. 1605. A. quinata, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IL. 407, fide Stapf in
Trans. Linn. Soe. Ser. 2, LV. 207.

KrepaH: at Gunong Raya, Curtis 2547. Prnane: Curtis 2881,
3088. PrrRaKk: firdley 7177; Cantley. Drixvines: Pangkor, at Rajah
Itam, Curtis 1622. Matacca: cultivated, Mammgay (K.D.) 1054.
SmncaporeE: Wallich 1605; Murton 12; Ridley 1801, 4427, 8905.—
Distris. Sumatra, Borneo (Haviland 2176, flowers rather longer
than type).

3. AuYyxIA opoRATA, Wall. Cat. 1606 (1829). A climbing shrub,
with smooth very dark brown bark; young branches thinner than a
goose-quill, 4-angled, shining, dark red-brown when dry. Leaves
coriaceous, opposite or in whorls of 3 to 4; oblanceolate or oblong-
oblanceolate, obtuse or subacute at apex, narrowed at the base; both
surfaces glabrous, pale brown when dry, the upper shining, the lower
rather dull; margins recurved; 2 to 5 in. long, 1 to 1°5 in. broad; mid-
rib stout, impressed above, raised and sharp beneath; main nerves
extremely numerous, perhaps 25 to 40 in number, but difficult to
distinguish from the equally numerous secondary nerves, which are
branched and often recurrent, usually at an angle of 80° with the mid-
rib and straight to join an intramarginal nerve close to the edge, raised
but faint on the upper surface, almost invisible on the lower; petiole
‘2 to :3 in. long, bordered by the decurrent margin of the blade. Cymes
axillary, about ‘5 in. long, including the short angled peduncle, few-
flowered ; pedicels ‘06 in. long, angular, pubescent; bracts lanceolate ;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 419

buds clavate, ‘3 to -4 in. long, tip ovate. Calyx campanulate, ‘1 in.
long; lobes 5, linear-lanceolate, pubescent. Corolla-tube cylindric,
dilated near the top opposite the stamens, contracted at the throat
which is annulate within, glabrous outside, pubescent within, -4 in.
long; lobes ovate, broadly obtuse, recurved, 125 in. long. Anthers
narrowly ovate; filaments short, slender. Dzsk none or so appressed
to the ovary as to be indistinguishable, white-villous. Ovary of 2
rounded carpels; style very slender, ‘3 in. long; stigma capitate.
Fruit of 2 or 1 ellipsoid, long- (up to °4 in.) pedicelled. drupes, often
2-seeded by superposition; each drupe ‘4 to ‘5 in. long, 3 in. broad; -
pericarp ribbed, furrowed on one side opposite the placenta. Seed
conform to the drupe; testa membranous, separated; albumen deeply
ruminate in horizontal lamelle.

Manacca: Griffith. Srincapore: at Sungei Morai, Fidley 4427,
5659.—Disrris. Burma (Tenasserim, Wallich 1606).

Ridley’s specimens show smaller leaves than those of the type, of which there is
only one specimen, viz. in the Wallichian Herbarium at the Linnean Society, but the
shape and nervation agree, as does the bark of the twigs. The Wallichian specimen
and Griffith’s being in fruit only, the description of the flowers is taken from Ridley’s.

4, Auyxia OLEIFoLIA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small climbing or
epiphytic shrub; branchlets rather thick, boldly angled, with smooth
pale brown bark, minutely rugose and puberulous; nodes swollen and
ridged. Leaves thickly coriaceous, opposite or in whorls of three;
elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate sometimes almost rhomboid, acute at apex
or slightly blunt-acuminate, narrowed at base; upper surface shining,
dark olivaceous, lower surface dull yellowish-olivaceous, both surfaces
glabrous, lower sometimes puncticulate; margins much recurved when
dry; 1:5 to 2:5 in. long, °75 to 1:25 in. broad; midrib very stout and
broad, much impressed above and raised beneath; main nerves 10
to 12 pairs, at right angles to the midrib, often forked, depressed
above, invisible beneath ; secondary nerves many, very obscure; reticu-
lations invisible; petiole stout, -15 to ‘25 in. long, wrinkled, bordered
- by the decurrent margins of the blade. Cymes subterminal and axillary,
reaching about 1 in. in length, glabrous, few-flowered; peduncles -3 to
‘5 in. long, angular, as are the branches; pedicels short; bracteoles
linear-subulate, similar to the calyx-lobes; buds clavate, 4 to ‘d in.
long, tip ovate. Calyx campanulate, deeply 5-lobed; lobes linear-
‘subulate, -1 in. long, ciliate. Corolla-tube cylindric, slightly dilated
opposite the stamens, contracted at the mouth which is annulate
within, glabrous except slight pubescence below the stamens within ;
lobes ovate, obtuse, erect or slightly recurved, -15 in. long. Anthers

3

420 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

ovate-lanceolate, ‘05 in. long; filaments slender. Disk of 5 densely
villous scales surrounding the ovary. Ovary of 2 rounded carpels,
puberulous; style slender; stigma globose with a bifid apiculus; ovules
1 in each cell. Fruit of 1 or 2 very shortly pedicellate ellipsoid drupes,
each drupe about ‘5 in. long and ‘35 in. broad; pericarp crustaceous,
striate, slightly furrowed on one side opposite the placenta, transversely
ridged within. Seed 1, grooved on one side where it is attached to the
placenta, 4 in. long, -25 in. broad; testa membranous; albumen horny,
deeply ruminate in horizontal lamelle; cotyledons ovate, ‘1 in. long;
radicle cylindric, thick, -15 in. long.

PrrRAK: in the mountains, at 4,500 to 5,500 feet, Wray 230, 3846,
4116; Scortechin ; King’s Collector 7405; Cantley, at Gunong Bubu,
5,040 feet.

5. Auyxia pumiuA, Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 635 (1882). A small
climbing shrub; branchlets as thick as a crow-quill, angled, reddish-
brown, minutely rugose, innovations with deciduous pubescence. Leaves
coriaceous, opposite or in whorls of 3; narrowly elliptic or ovate- or
lanceolate-elliptic, acute or shortly subacuminate at apex, cuneate at base
or slightly rounded; both surfaces glabrous except when very young,
upper shining dark olivaceous, lower dull and pale almost yellowish ;
margins recurved; ‘75 to 2 in. long, ‘35 to ‘75 in. broad; midrib rather
slender, impressed above, raised beneath; main nerves 15 to 20 pairs,
at from 75° to 80° with the midrib, very faint on the upper surface,
invisible on the lower; secondary nerves few, faint, reticulations in-
visible; petiole -1 to ‘15 in. long, stout, bordered by the decurrent
margins of the blade. Cymes short, axillary, 5- or 6-flowered, on °25 in.
long peduncles. Calyx deeply 5-lobed; lobes linear, ciliate, -05 in. long.
Corolla-tube cylindric below, dilated near the top opposite the stamens,
then constricted above, ‘2 in. long, glabrous without, pubescent within
below the stamens; lobes ovate, 05 in. long, glabrous, spreading ;
throat not annulate. Anthers lanceolate, acute, rounded at base, -04 in.
long. Dzsk 5-lobed, white-villous. Ovary 2-carpelled; style slender ;
stigma oblong. Fruit of 2, usually 1, short-pedicelled ellipsoid drupes,
each about -4 in. long, °3 in. broad; pericarp ecrustaceous, shining,
grooved on one side. Seed conform to the drupe, grooved on one side
at the attachment to the placenta; testa thin, separated; albumen
horny, ruminated in flat lamelle.

KepaH: at Gunong Jerai, Ridley 5504. Prrax: top of Batu
Kusan, Scortechint 1621. Mauacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1053; on Mount
Ophir, Ridley 10094; Lobb.

6. Anyxia Forpesu, King & Gamble, n. sp. A climbing shrub;
branchlets as thick as a crow-quill, 3-angled, pale brown, shining,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 421

glabrous; the nodes slightly swollen, ridged. Leaves chartaceous,
opposite or in whorls of 3 to 4; lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-
lanceolate, obtusely rather long-acuminate at apex, cuneate at base;
both surfaces glabrous, green when dry, the lower slightly paler and
dull; margins very slightly recurved, thinly cartilaginous; 2-5 to 5 in.
long, ‘75 to 1:5 in. broad; midrib slender but prominent, impressed
above, raised beneath ; main nerves very numerous, 27 to 30 pairs, at
an angle of about 80° with the midrib, slender, straight to join a slender
intramarginal nerve less than ‘0d in. from the edge, difficult to distin-
guish from the very numerous, often branching, secondary nerves;
reticulations irregular, all nerves rather faint on the upper, very obscure
on the lower surface; petiole ‘05 to ‘1 in. long, bordered by the
decurrent, usually connivent margins of the blade. Cymes axillary,
slender, lax, glabrous, 3- to 5-flowered, reaching in all about 1 in. in
length; peduncles -25 in. long; pedicels very slender, -1 to :15 in.;
bracts 0 or linear, leafy, caducous ; buds clavate, ‘5 in. long, tip ovate;
flowers white. Calyx shortly campanulate, deeply 5-lobed; lobes
ovate-acute, spreading, ‘lin. long. Corolla-tube cylindric, -4 to ‘6 in.
long, slightly dilated near the top opposite the stamens, contracted at
the throat, which is annulate within, glabrous except the upper part
within; lobes ovate-cordate, ‘15 to -2 in. long, recurved. Anthers
lanceolate, rounded at base; filaments short, slender. Dzsk undulately
5-lobed, white-villous, enclosing the ovary. Ovary of 2 rounded
glabrous carpels; style very slender; stigma globose, with a bifid
apiculus. Frwit of 1 or 2 ellipsoid drupes on very short pedicels, each
drupe -4 to ‘5 in. long and ‘3 in. broad, grooved on one side opposite
the placenta ; pericarp thin, almost membranous. Seed 1, conform to
the drupe; testa membranous; albumen horny, deeply ruminate; coty-
ledons oblong, ‘15 in. long; radicle stout, -1 in. long, the base oblique.
A. stellata, Wall. Cat. 1604; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 636 (not of
Roem. and Sch.). Gynopogon stellatwm, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng.
XLVI. ii. 251, and For. Fl. II. 176 (not of Labill.).

Penane: Wallich 1604. Prrax: at Gunong Iras, 4,000 feet, Wray
4165; on Larut Peak, 3,000 to 4,000 feet, King’s Collector 2124; Scorte-
chint. Panane: at Kluang Terbang, W. D. Barnes 10898.—Disrrm.
Sumatra (Forbes 2268 ; on Mount Dempo, at 4,000 to 5,000 feet, 2256) ;
Java (Forbes 1043).

On following up the suggestion made in the FI. Br. Ind. that this plant is not
identical with the Polynesian 4. stellata, we feel bound to agree, and consider it best to
give it a new name.

7. Auyxta ScortEecuinu, King & Gamble, n. sp. A climbing shrub;
young branches thinner than a goose-quill, pale brown, shining, angled,

422 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

minutely rusty-puberulous, nodes swollen. Leaves thinly coriaceous,
in whorls of 3 or opposite; oblong-oblanceolate, shortly cuspidate-
acuminate at apex, narrowed at the base from above the middle; upper
surface dark-olivaceous, glabrous, shining when dry, lower surface
almost dull, paler and in young leaves minutely puberulous especially
along the midrib; margins thin, slightly recurved; 4 to 6 in. long,
1:5 to 2 in. broad; midrib stout, impressed above, raised beneath ;
main nerves extremely numerous, probably more than 50, but difficult
to distinguish from similar secondary nerves, usually at an angle of 80°
with the midrib, straight to join an intramarginal nerve at a little less
than ‘05 in. from the edge, much branched recurrently, raised on the
upper surface; reticulations in a minute network; petiole °3 to °d in.
long, transversely corrugated when dry and bordered by the decurrent
edges of the blade. Cymes sessile, axillary, densely crowded, about
twice as long as the petioles; bracts numerous, linear-lanceolate,
pubescent; pedicels very short, bracteolate below the calyx; buds
clavate, ‘5 in. long, tip oblong obtuse. Calyx :15 in. long, campanulate,
deeply cleft in 4 to 5 linear lobes, ‘1 in. long, pubescent outside,
glabrous within. Corolla-tube cylindric, dilated near the top opposite
the stamens, contracted at the mouth, which is annulately folded
within, pubescent within and on the upper half without, -4 in. long;
lobes 4 to 5, ovate, erect or recurved, pubescent, margins incurved,
‘15in. long. Anthers ovate-lanceolate, apiculate, ‘05 in. long; filaments
slender. Disk villous, appressed to the ovary. Ovary of 2 conical
carpels; style very slender, -3 in. long; stigma minute, capitate. Fruit
of 2, more usually 1, ellipsoid, long-pedicelled drupes, about 1 in. long
and ‘6 in. broad; pericarp ribbed when dry, especially opposite the
placenta. Seed conform to the drupe; albumen ruminate; cotyledons
oblong; radicle cylindric, rather long.

Perak: Scortechint; at lower camp, Gunong Batu Poteh, Wray
1091; at Kwala Kangsa, Ridley 2895.

Ridley’s specimen is the only one with fruit and its leaves are rather thinner than
those of the other specimens, but otherwise it corresponds well enough. To this
species probably also belong Burbidge’s specimens in leaf only from Borneo, and
Beccari’s No. 333 from Sumatra, all in the Kew Herbarium.

Species IMPERFECTLY Known.

8. ALYxIA sELANGORICA, King & Gamble, n.sp. A slender climbing
shrub; branchlets the size of a crow-quill, pale brown, shining, angled.
Leaves coriaceous, opposite or in whorls of 3 to 4; obovate or oblanceo-
late, shortly and abruptly acuminate at apex, long cuneate at base;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 423

olivaceous and shining on the upper surface, dull and rather paler and
minutely rusty-puberulous on the lower; margins recurved; 3 to 4 in.
long, 1 to 1-25 in. broad; midrib stout, impressed above, raised beneath;
main nerves very many, 25 to 30 or more, difficult to distinguish from
the similar but rather fainter secondary nerves, these latter recurrent-
branched, all meeting an obscure intramarginal nerve, nearly at right
angles to the midrib, obscure on both surfaces but slightly raised on
the upper; petiole ‘25 in. long, rusty-pubescent, bordered by the
decurrent margins of the blade. Flowers not known, but fruiting cymes
axillary, scarcely longer than the petiole, few-flowered. Frwit of 1 or
2 long-pedicelled drupes; pedicels ‘3 to ‘4 in. long; drupes oblong
ellipsoid, acute at both ends, ‘75 in. long, °35 to ‘45 in. broad; pericarp
black and wrinkled when dry. Seed conform to the drupe but rounded
at the ends, grooved on one side where it is attached to the placenta ;
testa thin, separated; albumen horny, much ruminate in horizontal
lamelle ; cotyledons oblong, :2 in. long, ‘075 in. broad; radicle stout,
cylindric, °225 in. long.

SELANGOR: at Gua Batu, Ridley 8558.—Distris. Sumatra (forbes
3212).

6. RauwouFis, Linn.

Trees or shrubs, glabrous or rarely pubescent. Leaves 3- to 4-nately
whorled or opposite (rarely); nerves slender. Flowers in corymbose or
umbellate cymes, usually compound, alternate with the terminal leaves
or axillary to the upper leaves. Calyx short, 5-lobed, eglandular.
Corolla-tube cylindric, sometimes dilated opposite the stamens, con-
stricted at the mouth, the throat usually hairy within; lobes 5, broad,
overlapping to the left. Stamens included in the corolla-tube above the
middle; filaments short; anthers small, acute, rounded at base. Dzsk
cup-shaped or annular. Carpels 2, distinct or connate; style filiform ;
stigma broad, calyptriform or peltate; ovules 2, collaterally placed, in
each carpel. rut of 2 connate or distinct drupes, each with a
erustaceous 1-seeded pyrene. Seeds ovate; testa thin; albumen thin,
fleshy; cotyledons flat; radicle large, superior.— Distris. About
50 species, chiefly tropical American; about 10 from India and the
Malay Peninsula and islands.

Corolla-tube cylindric, inflated opposite the stamens; carpels
distinct ; pyrenes flattened; leaf-nerves rather distant (Sub-
genus I. OprxHioxyLon) as oc 3¢

Corolla-tube campanulate, not inflated opposite the stamens;
carpels connate; pyrenes rounded and beaked; leaf-nerves
many, close (Subgenus II. CyrrosrpHonta) Be .. 2. R. sumatrana.

1. R. perakensis.

494 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

1. RAUWOLFIA PERAKENSIS, King & Gamble, n.sp. A small shrub ;
branchlets somewhat fleshy, pale brown, as thick as a goose-quill,
sparsely lenticellate. Leaves fleshy in texture when green, membranous
when dry; opposite or whorled, variable in size, glabrous; lanceolate
or spathulate, rather long acuminate at apex, narrowly attenuate at
base; bright green above turning dark brown when dry, greyish-green
beneath turning buff; 4 to 8 in. long, 1 to 3 in. broad; midrib broad,
often sinuous when dry; main nerves 12 to 15 pairs, pale, starting from
the midrib nearly at right angles and curved upwards to and along the
margin; secondary nerves and reticulations obscure; petiole slender,
‘5 to ‘75 in. long. Cymes corymbose, long-peduncled, 1 to 4 together
from the axils of upper leaves; peduncle 1:5 to 3:5 long; branches
dichotomous, ultimate ones subumbellate; pedicels slender, -1 in. long,
‘25 in. fruit; bracts minute, triangular, caducous. Calyx-lobes ovate-
acuminate, ‘06 in. long, glabrous. Corolla-tube slender, °3 to ‘5 in.
long, tubular, inflated towards the top, glabrous on both sides; lobes
ovate, blunt, about ‘1 in. long. Disk annular, ‘04 in. long. Stamens
short, blunt; anthers as long as the filaments. Ovary rounded; style
filiform ‘15 to 2 in. long; stigma cylindric-calyptriform. Drupes
crimson, connate only at the base, obliquely ovate, ‘5 in. long, *25 in.
broad, flattened; exocarp fleshy. Pyrenes crustaceous, prominently
rugose; albumen thin; cotyledons ovate; radicle as long as cotyledons,
together ‘25 to 3 in. long.

Perak: Scortechim 920, 1161, 8410; Wray 3692; Ridley 2898,
5023. Panane: Fudley 1166.

This species is very near R. densiflora, Benth., of Ceylon, S. India, and the
Khasia Hills, but differs in the much shorter calyx-lobes, the narrower corolla-tube,
and the flattened drupes. From RK. serpentina, Benth., it differs in the veins of the
leaves starting nearly at right angles instead of obliquely, and in the larger, usually
more separated and flatter drupes and more pitted pyrenes

2. RauwoLFIA suMATRANA Jack Mal. Misc. 22 (1820). A small tree
reaching 40 to 50 feet in height, and 6 to 10 in. in diameter, with erect
stout branches and milky juice; branchlets more or less quadrangular,
lenticellate. Leaves pergamaceous, opposite or verticillate, generally in
threes, sometimes in fours, elliptic-oblong to obovate-spathulate, shortly
acute or acuminate at apex, long-attenuate at base; margins entire,
slightly reflexed; both surfaces glabrous, the lower pale; 6 to 8 in.
long, 2 to 3 in. broad; midrib slender, very prominent, impressed above,
much raised beneath; main nerves parallel, 32 to 35 pairs, nearly at
right angles (80°) to the midrib, then straight, joining in a looped intra-
marginal nerve near the edge; secondary nerves similar but fainter,
usually one only between each pair of main nerves; reticulations very

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 425

few; petiole -75 to 1 in. long, slightly winged by the decurrent margins
of the blade. Flowers in terminal compound umbels; primary peduncles
3 to 5, stout, 3 to 4 in. long; secondary peduncles 6 to 8, 1 to 1°5 in.
long; tertiary peduncles 3 to 5, about ‘5 in. long; quaternary peduncles
and pedicels slender, -1 to ‘25 in. long, umbellules of about 4 to 6
flowers; bracts subulate, recurved; bracteoles very minute; buds sub-
globose, flowers white. Calyx-lobes imbricate, nearly orbicular, -05 in.
long ona tube of same length. Corolla-tube campanulate, -2 in. long;
lobes rounded, recurved, ‘(05 to ‘1 in. long; tube tufted-pubescent
within at the mouth and a little below it; lobes short, rounded,
‘075 in. long. Anthers sagittate mucronate, ‘04 in. long; filaments
very short. Disk thick, short, barely ‘025 in. long, obscurely 5-lobed.
Ovary 2-celled, furrowed; style slender, -1 in. long; stigma peltate ; cells
2-ovuled. Drupe oblong-globose, smooth, ‘6 to ‘7 in. long, ‘5 to ‘6 in.
broad; pyrenes two, compressed at top, enlarged below, beaked, longi-
tudinally furrowed and rugose, woody. Seed flattened; testa membra-
nous; albumen thin; embryo flattened; cotyledons ovate, ‘1 in. long;
radicle thick, as long as cotyledons. Hook. Bot. Misc. II. 73; Blume
Bijdr. 1034; A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 337; Hassk. Fl. Bot. Zeit. (1845) 263 ;
Spanoghe in Linnea, XV. 325; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. I. 93. Cyrtosz-
phoma sumatrana, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 401.

PERAK: Scortechint 132, 1737; King’s Collector 4755, 5700.—
Distris. Sumatra (Teysmann 993, 995; Forbes 2851, 2860), Java
(Forbes 1051).

Jack says that the wood is very light, and is used by the Sumatrans for the
seabbards of swords and krises.

7. Huntertia, Roxb.

Glabrous trees. Leaves opposite, coriaceous, shining, with many
slender nerves. lowers in short close axillary or subterminal cymes.
Calyx small, 5-lobed, eglandular. Corolla salver-shaped; the tube
cylindric, somewhat dilated near the mouth, throat annulate; lobes
much overlapping to the left. Stamens inserted in the dilated portion
of the tube; anthers oblong-lanceolate, cells rounded at the base;
filaments short. Disk none. Carpels 2, distinct; style filiform,
thickened at top; stigma bifid; ovules 2 to 4 in each carpel. F'rwit of
two stalked berries, distinct or connate at base, ovoid or subfusiform,
oblique or recurved, 1-seeded or 2-celled by the intruded placenta, not
pulpy. Seeds ovoid or oblong; testa membranous; albumen smooth,
fleshy; cotyledons ovate, leafy; radicle straight.— Distrip. Three
species—one of India, Ceylon, and Malay Peninsula, another of Java,
and a third of tropical Africa.

426 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

HuntTERIA coryMBosaA, Roxb. Fl. Ind. I. 695, and ed. Carey and
Wall. II. 531 (1824). A tree, reaching 30 to 40 feet in height and 15 to
20 in. in diameter; branchlets slender, slightly angled and striate, and
dull brown when dry. Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, obtusely
abruptly caudate-acuminate at apex, acute at base; glabrous on both
surfaces; 3 to 7 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad; midrib slender, impressed
above, prominent beneath; main nerves numerous, about 22 to 26 pairs,
slender, slightly curved upwards to meet in an intramarginal nerve
close to the edge; secondary nerves similar to main-nerves, recurrent-
branched ; reticulations prominent, all more or less raised on both
surfaces when dry; petiole -25 to ‘5 in. long, slender. Cymes on short
peduncles about ‘5 to 75 in. long; branches corymbose, short; pedicels
slender, angled, -1 to ‘2 in. long; bracts minute; flower-buds slender,
‘) to ‘6 in. long; flowers waxy-white. Calyx-lobes ovate-acute, ‘05 to
‘1 in. long, glabrous. Corolla-tube cylindrical, :3 to -35 in. long, slightly
dilated above and annulate at the throat, minutely pubescent within ;
lobes ovate-oblong, ‘2 to ‘25 in. long. Stamens with short filaments;
anthers ‘05 in. long. Carpels conical, glabrous. Berrzes globose,
obtusely beaked, smooth, yellow, 2-seeded, -75 in. in diameter, on a
‘'25 in. long flattened stalk. Seeds ovoid, flattened on one side,
convex on the other, ‘d in. long, °4 in. broad; testa very thin ; albumen
thick, fleshy; cotyledons ovate, ‘125 in. long, 3-nerved; radicle stout,
cylindric, as long as the cotyledons. Wall. Cat. 1608; Wight Ie. t. 428 ;
A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 350; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 409; Hook. f. Fl. Br.
Ind. III. 637; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 128. 4H. zeylanica, Gardn.; Thw.
Enum. 191; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 265. H.? lanceolata, Wall. Cat. 161;
A. DC. l.c. H. Roxburghiana, Wight Ic. t. 1294; Thw. Enum. 192;
Bedd. J.c. CLVIII. Cameraria zeylanica, Retz. Obs. IV. 24; A. DC.
l.¢. 389. Gynopogon lanceolatum, Kurz For. Fl. Il. 177. Taberne-
montana salierfolia, Wall. Cat. 1580. T. parviflora, Herb. Heyne.

Kepau; on Lankawi Island, Curtis 237. Penane: Wallsch 1608;
King’s Collector 1460, 1468; Phillips. Perak: Wray 3378; King’s
Collector 7465. Sevtancor: Ardley 8556.—Distris. India, Ceylon,
Burma, Sumatra (Forbes 2716, 2722, 2737).

Subtribe 2.—CERBERINZ.
8. CERBERA, Linn.

Small glabrous trees or large shrubs. Leaves alternate or scattered,
long, with slender parallel nerves. Flowers large, white or red, in
pseudo-terminal cymes. Calyx 5-lobed, eglandular, the segments
long; tube almost none. Corolla large; tube funnel-shaped above,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 427

cylindric below ; lobes 5, spreading, overlapping to the left. Stamens
included, small; anthers lanceolate, apiculate, rounded at base. Disk
none. Carpels 2, distinct; style filiform; stigma large, disciform, with
a bilobed apiculus; ovules 4 in each carpel, on both sides of a thick
placenta. Hrwt of 1, rarely 2, globose or ellipsoid drupes; pericarp
very thick, fibrous and woody. Seeds broad, compressed, peltately
attached to the enlarged placenta; albumen none; cotyledons thin;
radicle very short.—Distris. Species 4, found in Madagascar, tropical
Asia and the Pacific Islands.

CERBERA ODOLLAM, Gaertn. Fruct. IT. 193, t. 124 (1791). A small
tree or large shrub, with very thick branches and stout branchlets pro-
minently marked by the scars of fallen leaves. Leaves leathery; variable
in shape and somewhat in venation; oblanceolate or oblong-obovate,
acute or abruptly short acuminate at apex, attenuate at base; black
when dry, glabrous on both surfaces, shining above; 3 to 8 in. long,
1 to 2in. broad; midrib slender; main nerves numerous but variable
in number (15 to 25), starting nearly at right angles to the midrib,
straight and meeting in an intramarginal looped nerve; secondary
nerves many, between the main nerves, reticulations indistinct ; petiole
‘7d to 1-5 in. long, stout. Cymes large; main peduncles stout, 3 to d in.
long; branches corymbosely paniculate; bracts ovate, deciduous, leafy,
‘) to lin. long; pedicels °75 to 1 in.long, stout ; flowers white with a red
or yellowthroat. Calyx glabrous, lobes linear-oblong, acuminate, ‘5 to 1 in.
long. Corolla-tube ‘5 to ‘75 in. long, cylindric below, funnel-shaped above,
pubescent and ribbed within and furnished with 5 projecting ribs at the
mouth ; lobes broadly elliptic, oblique, acute, about as long as the tube.
Drupe ovoid, 2 to 4 in. long, smooth, green; 2 to 4 in. in diameter; peri-
carp very thick, fleshy without, fibrous within. Seeds broad, compressed ;
cotyledons fleshy, ovoid, flattened. A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 353; Wight Ic.
t. 441; Roxb. Fl. Ind. I. 692, and ed. Carey & Wall. Il. 527; Mig. FI.
Ind. Bat. II. 413; Brandis For. Fl. 322; Kurz For. Fl. Il. 171; Bedd.
Fl. Sylv. CLVII.; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 628; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. ITT.
128; Cooke Fl. Bomb. II. 128; Prain Beng. Plants 670; Koord. & Val.
Bijdr. I. 84. C. Manghas, Linn. Sp. Pl. 208, partly ; Wall. Cat. 1582
and Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. IT. 529; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 1845;
K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam. IV. 2, 159, fig. 57, P to S.
C. lactaria, Ham.; A. DO. l.c.; Mig. lc. 414. C. laursfolia, Lodd.
Bot. Cab. t. 989. Tanghinia Odollam, lactaria, and laurzfolia, G. Don
Gen. Syst. IV. 98. ‘ Odolldém,’’ Rheede Hort. Mal. I. 6. 39.

Penane: Wallich 1582; Curtis 1651, 17138. Prerax: Scortechini
964; Wray 2508; Ridley 7178; King’s Collector 1131. Matacca:
Griffith; Hervey. Sineapore: Ridley 8083; Hullett 807, 871. —

428 © Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Distris. India, Ceylon, Burma, Malay Archipelago, China, Australia,
Pacific Islands.

A plant of sea-coasts and tidal creeks. Hullett says the Malay name is “ Betak-
betak,” and thatthe milky juice is poisonous. Linneus’s name, C. Manghas, ought
to take precedence of Gaertner’s, but it was applied to two species, the former of
which belonged to a different genus, so we follow the Fl. Br. Ind. and other authorities
in retaining Gaertner’s name.

9. OcHROSIA, Juss.

Trees. Leaves whorled, rarely opposite or scattered; nerves very
numerous, parallel, spreading. Cymes pedunculate at the ends of the
branches, alternate with the uppermost leaves, finally lateral. Calyx
5-lobed, eglandular. Corolla salver-shaped; tube cylindric, not or
very slightly dilated opposite the stamens, throat naked; lobes 5,
twisted, overlapping to the right. Stamens included in the tube
of the corolla, at or above the middle; anthers lanceolate, rounded
at the base. Dzsk very small, annulate, or none. Carpels 2, distinct
or connate at the base; style filiform; stigma oblong, 2-fid; ovules in
each carpel 2 to 6, biseriate, on either side of a prominent placenta.
Fruit of 2 spreading drupes, sometimes connate at the base; epicarp
thinly fleshy ; endocarp thick, hard, often dorsally compressed and more
or less grooved ventrally. Seeds solitary or 2 separated by the placenta,
flattened; testa membranous; albumen absent or fleshy; cotyledons
large, flat, foliaceous; radicle short, superior—Distris. About 12
species, found from the Mascarene Islands eastwards through the
Malay Archipelago to Australia and the Pacific.

OcHrRosiA BoRBONICA, Gmel. Syst. Veg. I. 439 (1796). A small
evergeen glabrous tree, reaching 20 feet in height; branches very stout,
fleshy; branchlets fleshy, glaucous green, marked with the prominent
sears of fallen leaves. Leaves fleshy when green, membranous when
dry, in whorls of 3 to 4 or irregularly placed; obovate, obtuse and very
briefly apiculate at apex, cuneately narrowed at base; upper surface
shining, lower pale; 4 to 10 in. long, 2 to 5 in. broad; midrib stout,
raised on both sides; main nerves many, 20 to 26 pairs, slender, parallel,
leaving the midrib at an angle of about 80° and slightly curving to
meet in an intramarginal nerve close to the edge; secondary nerves 1 to
2 between each pair of main nerves branching and joining the irregular
reticulations; petiole ‘5 to 1:5 in. long, thick. Cymes in short, thick,
corymbose branches ; primary peduncles stout, 1 to 4 in. long; secondary
peduncles about 1 in. long; branches and pedicels short, thick; lower
bracts somewhat leafy, upper deciduous; bracteoles 2, triangular, on the
pedicels below the calyx; flowers white; buds elongate. Calyx-lobes

a

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 429

coriaceous, ovate; tube about equal to lobes, Corolla-tube cylindric,
about *15 in. long, glabrous within; lobes spreading, oblong, as long as
tube or rather longer. Drupes 2 to 2°5 in. long, 1-75 in. broad, slightly
recurved, yellow, obliquely ovoid. Seeds large, flat. A. DC. Prodr. VIII.
356; Wall. Cat. 1584; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. CLVIII.; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind.
III. 638; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 129, t. 60. O. salubris, Blume Mus.
Bot. 1.158; Kurz For. Fl. II. 172. Cerbera salutaris, Lour. Fl. Cochin-
ch. I. 163; Blume Bijdr. 1033. C. parviflora Wall. Cat. 1584. C. oppo-
sttefolia Lam. Ene. I. 62; A. DC. l.c. 354. C. platysperma, Gaertn.
Fruct. IT. 193. Lactaria salubris, Rumph. Herb. Amb. II. 255, t. 84;
Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 415. Calpicarpum Lamarckit, G. Don Gen. Syst.
TY. 100.

SmvgaPporE: Wallich 1584.—Distri. Andaman Islands, Ceylon,
Mascarene Islands, Malay Archipelago.

A plant of the tidal creeks, ‘‘more decidedly maritime than Cerbera Odollam”
(Trimen). The milky juice is thick and viscid. The leaves as shown in Trimen’s
plate are not at all characteristic.

10. Kopsra, Blume.

Glabrous trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, membranous or sub-
coriaceous, penniveined. lowers white or pink, in short terminal
cymes; the rachis often bearing imbricated bracts. Calyx small,
5-partite, eglandular within. Corolla salver-shaped; tube very slender,
only slightly dilated opposite the stamens, without scales at the mouth,
pilose within; lobes twisted, overlapping to the right. Stamens
near the top of the tube; anthers acute, cells rounded at the base.
Disk of 2 glands alternating with the carpels. Carpels 2, distinct ;
style filiform ; stigma thickened, with a short apiculus; ovules 2 in each
carpel, 1 on either side of a thick placenta. Frwet of 2 obovoid or
obliquely quadrate drupes or capsules, furrowed on the anterior face ;
pericarp subcoriaceous, 1-seeded, or 2-celled by the intruded placenta
and two-seeded. Seeds oblong; testa membranous; albumen none;
cotyledons usually thick——Distrris. About 12 species of the Malay
Peninsula and Archipelago.

Tube of corolla dilated at the top :—
Branches of the inflorescence with rather distant bracts :—
Leaves usually more than 5 in. long and 2 in. broad :—
Cymes much-branched, many-flowered; lobes of corolla

broad zs fe ot 50 1. K. fruticosa var. albiflora.
Cymes little-branched, few-flowered ; lobes of corolla
narrow .. .. 2. K. paucifiora.

Leaves usually under 5 in. long and 2 in. broad :—

430 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Carpels glabrous; corolla-tube under 1 in. long; calyx-
lobes acuminate 5+ 36 s- .. 3. K. Scortechinit.
Carpels hairy; corolla-tube over 1 in. long; calyx-lobes
rounded .. ae a2 45 .. 4. Ky Griffithii.
Branches of the inflorescence covered with many closely im-
bricating bracts; bracts very small; cyme-branches very
short; corolla-tube under °4 in. long.. 5 a0
Tube of corolla dilated in the middle; branches of the in-
florescence with imbricating bracts :—
Cymes under ‘5 in. long; leaves lanceolate, under 4°5 in.

5. K. larutensis.

long - 30 ae 36 .. 6. K. Ridleyana.
Cymes 1 to 3 in. long; leaves elliptic-oblong or oblong-
obovate, 5 to9in.long .. = ot .. 7. K. macrophylla.

1. Kopsta rruticosa, A. DC. Prodr. VITI. 352 (1844). A large
evergreen shrub; branchlets smooth, pale brown. Leaves thinly
coriaceous, opposite; elliptic, elliptic-oblong; or elliptic-lanceolate,
obtusely caudate-acuminate at apex, acuminately attenuate at base;
glabrous on both surfaces, shining above, pale beneath; 4 to 9 in.
long, 1:5 to 3:5 in. broad; midrib thick; main nerves prominent
beneath, 10 to 14 pairs, more or less parallel, gradually curving upwards
to meet in a faintly looped intramarginal nerve close to the edge;
secondary nerves short; reticulation distinct; petiole short, -25 in.
long, ending in a gland at the apex. Cymes short, in a dense
many-bracted subtrichotomous corymb at the ends of pseudo-terminal
peduncles; peduncle short, stout; secondary peduncles also short, as
are the tertiary and the pedicels; all minutely fulvous-pubescent, as
are the bracts; bracts many, ovate, acute or obtuse, ‘1 to ‘15 in. long,
pubescent, ciliate on the edges, leaving when they fall prominent scars ;
bracteoles similar, 2 on each pedicel under the calyx. Calya-tube
short; lobes 5, minutely pubescent, ovate-oblong, obtuse or emarginate
and with a gland at the apex, ciliate on the margins, ‘15 to ‘2 in. long.
Corolla-tube slender, slightly dilated at the summit opposite the
stamens, 1‘5 in. long; mouth red, minutely pubescent; lobes elliptic
obovate, obtuse, half as long as the tube or slightly more, pink.
Anthers oblong-lanceolate, acute. Dzsk-glands beaked. Carpels 2,
oblong, obtuse; style slender; stigma calyptriform, 2-lobed at top.
Fruit of 2 (more usually 1) urn-shaped flattened capsules, more or less
triangular in shape, 1 to 1:25 in. long, villous, veined, opening by a slit
on the ventral margin. Seeds oblong-lanceolate, ‘8 in. long, ‘25 in.
broad, 3-ribbed; testa membranous; albumen none; cotyledons oblong-
lanceolate, ‘75 in. long, ‘25 in. broad, fleshy; radicle very small. Bot.
Mag. 4220; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 639; Prain Beng. Plants, 671.
Calpicarpum Roxburghi, G. Don Gen. Syst. IV. 100; Wight Ic. t. 431;
Kurz For. Fl. II. 178; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 412. Cerbera fruticosa,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 431

Ker Bot. Reg. t. 391; Roxb. Fl. Ind. I. 691, and ed. Carey & Wall. IT.
526; Wall. Cat. 1583.

SINGAPORE: cultivated, Maingay (K.D.) 1055.—Distrip. Burma.
This shrub is very commonly cultivated in Indian and Malayan gardens.

Var. albiflora, King & Gamble. Differs but little from the species,
but has white flowers, a glabrous acutely pointed capsule, more ob-
long leaves, and rather larger corolla-lobes. Calpicarpum albiflorum,
Teysm. & Binn. in Tijd. Ned. Ind. XXV. (1863) 402. See also Ridley
in Trans. Linn. Soe. Ser. 2, IIT. 320.

SINGAPORE: Goodenough 59; King’s Collector 1232; Ruidley.—
Distris. Java, Ceram (Teysmann 5035).

2. Kopsia pAaucirtoRA, Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 639 (1882). A
shrub (?); branchlets slender, pale brown, uppermost angled. Leaves
chartaceous; elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, obtusely caudate-acuminate
at apex, acuminate at base; olivaceous-green and somewhat shining on
the upper, yellowish and dull on the lower, surface; 4 to 6 in. long,
1:5 to 2:5 in. broad; midrib fairly prominent, impressed on the upper,
much raised on the lower, surface; main nerves 6 to 10 pairs, distant,
starting at an angle of 60° with the midrib and curving upwards to join
in an obscure intramarginal nerve quite close to the edge; secondary
nerves and transverse reticulations prominent on the lower surface;
petiole -25 in. long, stout. Cymes terminal, few-flowered; the rachis
‘25 to ‘5 in. long, with many ovate-acute persistent bracts. Calyx
‘15 in. long; lobes ovate, obtuse, rather shorter than the tube. Corolla-
tube very slender, cylindric, 1:5 to 2 in. long, villous inside, dilated at
the top; lobes linear-oblong, 1 in. long, at length reflexed in flower.
Anthers small, near the top of the tube. Fruit not known.

Mauacca: on Mount Ophir, Maingay (K.D.) 1056.

3. Kopsia ScortEcHinu, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree, reaching
40 to 50 feet in height; the branchlets swollen at the nodes. Leaves
chartaceous; elliptic oblong, briefly acuminate at apex, unequally
narrowed at base; somewhat shining on the upper, pale on the lower
surface; margins slightly recurved; 2 to 5 in. long, 1 to 2 in.
_ broad; midrib slender, impressed above, ending in a gland at the
apex; main nerves 8 to 16 pairs, at an angle of about 70° with the
midrib, curving upwards to join in an intramarginal nerve immediately
close to the edge; reticulations inconspicuous; petiole ‘1 in. long,
glandular at the base inside. Cymes terminal, pseudo-terminal or
lateral, on peduncles of varying ('28 to 2 in.) length; branches spreading,
corymbose; bracts ovate-triangular, acute, ‘1 to ‘15 in. long, glabrous;
pedicels short variable, each with a pair of small bracteoles; flowers
large, white; buds clavate. Calyx-tube scarcely any; lobes ovate

432 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

acuminate, with a gland at the point behind, ciliate on the margins,
‘Lin. long. Corolla-tube slender, dilated at the top then constricted,
‘75 to lin. long, pubescent within below the stamens and half-way
down; lobes spreading, linear-oblong, ‘5 to ‘75 in. long. Anthers
lanceolate-acuminate, ‘1 in. long; filaments short. Dzsk-scales longer
than carpels, broadened below, beaked above. Carpels glabrous; style
very slender; stigma short, cylindric. rut not seen.

Perak: Scortechint 1878.

4. Kopsia GrirFitau, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small tree (?);
branchlets pale brown, slender, enlarged at the nodes. Leaves coria-
ceous; ovate to ovate-oblong, abruptly obtusely caudate-acuminate at
the apex, which is often emarginate, attenuate at the base; shining
above, pale beneath; 3:5 to 5 in. long, 1:5 to 2 in. broad; midrib
slender, prominent and channelled above; main nerves many (22
to 30 pairs), close, parallel, starting at an angle of about 70° with
the midrib, and slightly curving to meet in an intramarginal nerve
close to the edge, raised and prominent on the upper, less so in the
lower surface; reticulations few; petiole :25 in. long, bordered by the
decurrent margins of the blade, those of each pair of leaves embracing
the branchlet so as nearly to meet. Cymes axillary and pseudo-terminal,
sessile or on very short peduncles, corymbose; primary branches few
and irregular in length and number of flowers (sometimes 1 flower only);
bracts ovate-acute, very small, glabrous; pedicels slender, -4 to ‘6 in.
long, with 2 to 3 minute bracteoles near the middle; flowers apparently
large, white; buds long, clavate. Calyx-tube almost none; lobes nearly
orbicular, ‘05 in. long, ciliate on the margins, a gland on the back near
the top. Corolla-tube very slender, 1 to 1:5 in. long, inflated at the top,
slightly pubescent within below the stamens; lobes ovate, ovate-oblong
or oblong, obtuse, ‘75 to 1 in. long. Amthers lanceolate-acuminate,
‘15 in. long; filaments short. Dzsk-glands subulate, slender. Carpels
obtuse, densely long-hairy; style slender; stigma oblong, bifid. Fruct
not seen.

Mauacoa: Griffith.

Var. pauctnervia, King & Gamble. A shrub, 4 to 6 feet high, flower
very white. Similar to the species, but the leaves with fewer, 12 to 15
main nerves leaving the midrib at an angle of about 50° only, and not
so abruptly or caudately acuminate. The carpels show the same shaggy |
hairs, and the disk-glands are the same.

Perak: King’s Collector 10707, in dense jungle, on limestone hills,
at 500 to 800 feet.

5. Kopsia LARUTENSIS, King & Gamble, n. sp. A shrub reaching
10 feet in height, or a small tree up to 25 feet; branches pale brown,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 433

rather smaller than a goose-quill, corky-barked and somewhat scurfy
when dry. Leaves coriaceous; oblong-lanceolate, obtusely long caudate-
acuminate at apex, cuneate at base; margins recurved; upper sur-
face shining, lower pale, both reddish when dry; 4 to 10 in.
long, 1:5 to 2°5 in. broad; midrib stout, ending in a gland at the
extreme apex; main nerves parallel, 15 to 22 pairs, impressed on the
upper, raised on the lower surface, starting at an angle of about 70° to
the midrib and gently curving upwards to meet in a looped intra-
marginal nerve close to the edge; secondary nerves and reticulations
few; petiole very short or almost none, at most ‘2 in. long, stout, those
of each pair of leaves joined by a slight ridge at the nodes. Cymes
axillary or pseudo-terminal, sessile, few- (up to 10-) branched, very short
at first but lengthening gradually to ‘5 in.; the branches covered with
very small ovate-triangular densely imbricate bracts; flowers small,
cream-coloured; buds clavate. Calyx-tube short; lobes ovate, obtuse,
with a gland on the back near the top, ciliate on the margins. Corolla-
tube cylindrical, slender, -3 to -4 in. long, slightly dilated at the top
opposite the stamens, pubescent within; lobes spreading, much twisted,
‘3 in. long, oblong-spathulate. Anthers lanceolate, apiculate, the bases
rounded; filaments very short. Dzsk-glands subulate. Carpels 2,
glabrous. Frwt of 2 (often only 1) urn-shaped capsules, triangular
in shape, inflated on the dorsal, grooved on the ventral margin
where they dehisce, ‘7 in. long on the ventral margin, ‘6 in. broad,
‘25 in. thick, striate, beak sharp. Seeds 1, ovoid, -4 in. long; testa
membranous; albumen none; cotyledons fleshy, thick; radicle very
small.

Perak: in low-lying woods near Larut, Wray 2736, 3956; Scorte-
chint 57, 59, 1704; King’s Collector 462, 2082, 4269, 6165.

6. Korsra RiptEyana, King & Gamble, n.sp. A low shrub, reaching
a foot or so in height; branchlets smooth, the size of a crow-quill.
Leaves chartaceous when dry; lanceolate, obtusely acuminate at apex,
cuneately attenuate at base; shining above, pale below; 4 to 4°d in.
long, 1 to 1:5 in. broad; midrib slender, ending in a gland at the apex;
main nerves 12 to 14 pairs at an angle of about 60° with the midrib,
curving upwards to meet in a slender looped intramarginal nerve, raised
above as are the few secondary nerves and oblique reticulations ; petiole
‘15 in. long, somewhat stem-clasping and slightly fimbriate-scaly at the
base. Cyme terminal or apparently so, sessile, branches very few
(2 to 3), about ‘3 to ‘5 in. long, furnished with many ovate-acute broadly
sheathing glabrous bracts; flowers on very short pedicels, pure white ;
buds clavate. Calyx-tube very short; lobes ovate, obtuse or almost
emarginate, with a gland on the back, glabrous, -1 to ‘15 in. long.

434 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Corolla very slender, 1 in. long, dilated in the middle, pubescent at the
mouth, glabrous within; lobes spreading, oblong-obovate, °75 in. long,
‘25 in. broad. Anthers lanceolate, acute, rounded at base, ‘1 in. long;
filaments very short. Dzsk-glands subulate. Carpels 2, 2-celled, each
cell 2-seeded; style very slender; stigma cylindrical, bilobed. Frwt
not known. ‘

Neer SEMBILAN: at Perhsutian Tinggi, Rzdley 10093.

7. Kopsia MAcRopHYLLA, Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 639 (1882). A
shrub, 6 to 10 feet high; branchlets dark brown, the size of a goose-
quill, smooth. Leaves thinly coriaceous when fresh, chartaceous when
dry ; elliptic-oblong or oblong-obovate, obtusely short caudate-acuminate
at apex, cuneate at base; margins only slightly or not recurved; upper
surface light green with yellow towards the centre when fresh and
with a metallic lustre when dry, lower surface pale brown, very
minutely pubescent especially on the nerves; 5 to 9 in. long, 2 to
2-5 in. broad; midrib stout, ending in a gland at the apex; main nerves
18 to 22 pairs, raised on both surfaces, sometimes branched, at first
straight and parallel, starting at an angle of about 55° with the midrib,
then slightly curving to join in an intramarginal nerve close to the
edge; secondary nerves few and reticulations prominent above when
dry; petiole none or at most ‘1 in. long, those of each pair of leaves
joined by a slight ridge at the node. Cymes pseudo-terminal, with a
short (‘5 to ‘7 in.) stout peduncle and few, usually 2, thick branches,
1 to 3 in. long, densely covered with small broadly ovate pubescent
imbricate ciliate bracts, ‘1 to ‘15 in. long; the branches not again
branched; pedicels very short, stout; bracteoles 2, obtuse, ciliate,
pubescent, under the calyx; flowers very white; buds clavate. Calyzx-
tube very short; lobes 5, imbricate, oblong, obtuse or emarginate,
with a gland on the back, minutely pubescent and ciliate, -1 in. long.
Corolla-tube very slender, 1 in. long, dilated in the middle, glabrous
within except for a slight ring below the anthers; lobes obovate, ‘5 to
‘75 in. long, 4 to 5 in. broad, rounded. <Anthers lanceolate, ‘1 in. long ;
filaments very short, slightly pilose at base. Carpels rounded, minutely
pubescent at apex; style slender. rut not seen, said to be pale green
in colour.

PERAK: in rich soil on low ground, King’s Collector 4963. Stinea-
PORE: Lobb.

Haviland’s No. 3042 from Borneo comes very near this, but the tube of the corolla
is dilated near the top; the bracteate branches of the inflorescence are longer; and the
leaves have a dark upper surface, more irregular main-nerves and the marginal nerve
farther from the edge, and with another more slender outside it. But the material
is insufficient for description.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 435

Subtribe 3.—HUPLUMERIIN2.
11. Austonta, Br.

Trees or erect shrubs; branches often in whorls. Leaves usually
whorled, rarely opposite, frequently with numerous nearly horizontal
nerves ; stipules sometimes represented by glands or a ridge between
the leaf-petioles. Inflorescences of terminal or pseudo-terminal corym-
bose or umbelliform cymes, sometimes verticillate on the rachises.
Calyx-tube short, sometimes urceolate, sometimes almost none; lobes
5, short, eglandular. Corolla hypocrateriform; tube cylindric, dilated
opposite the stamens, usually at the top, the throat naked, annulate
or with reflexed hairs; lobes overlapping either to the right or
left. Stamens usually at the top of the tube, sometimes lower,
included; anthers free, usually lanceolate; filaments short, filiform.
Disk none, or annular or lobed; the lobes 2 alternate with the
carpels. Carpels 2, distinct; style filiform; stigma oblong or cylindric,
usually bifid at apex; ovules in each cell many, pluriseriate. Prt of
2 follicular mericarps, usually long, cylindric, slender. Seeds oblong,
compressed, peltate on flattened tough placentas, ciliate and usually
with tufts of long hairs at the ends; testa membranous, often papillose;
albumen fleshy, rather scanty; cotyledons oblong, flat; radicle about
as long as the cotyledons, superior.—Distris. Species about 380;
found in India, Malaya, tropical Australia and Polynesia, one in
tropical Africa.

Leaves with close parallel nerves, apex usually obtuse ; ‘corolla-
lobes overlapping to the left; follicles over 6 in. long,
equally broad throughout; seeds rounded at both ends (Sub-
genus I. Pana) :—
Ovary villous; corolla-tube pubescent without; leaves 3 to
7 in. long ae 50 -- Ll. A. scholaris.
Ovary glabrous ; corolla- fee slativous without :—
Corolla-tube rather broad; follicles glabrous; leaves 2 to

4in. long .. ye ob an .. 2. A. spathulata.
Corolla-tube slender ; follicles yoo bal leaves 2°5 to
din. long .. .. 3. A. angustiloba.

Leaves with close peraitolie nerves, Ae ar alie Renter corolla-
lobes overlapping to the left; follicles under 6 in. long,
broadest in the middle; seeds oblong, dentate at the ends
(Subgenus II. En ER TRG) oe .. 4. A, Curtisiz.
Leaves with distant more or less pares! nerves ; corolla-lobes
overlapping to the right; follicles long, slender, equally broad
throughout; seeds acute or acuminate at one end, rounded at
the other (Subgenus III. DissuraspeRmum) :—
Stamens inserted at the top of the corolla-tube, which is

d

436 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

glabrous without; leaves 5 to 12 in. long; main nerves 20 to
24 pairs; seeds rounded at one end, bifid and acute at the
other 55 a5 ie 50 .. 5. A. macrophylla.
Stamens inserted near the middle of the corolla-tube, which
is pubescent without; leaves usually 4 to 6 in. long; main
nerves 12 to 16 pairs; seeds rounded at one end, long-acumi-
nate at the other 54 oc oe .. 6. A. angustifolia.

IMPERFECTLY Known.

7.. A. GRANDIFOLIA. 8. A. PANGKORENSIS.

1. AuSTONIA scCHOLARIS, Br. in Mem. Wern. Soc. Edinb. I. 76
(1811). A large evergreen tree, reaching 60 feet or more in height
and 6 feet or more in girth; stem buttressed; branches verticillate ;
branchlets smooth, swollen at the nodes; juice milky, bitter as is also
the wood; glabrous except the inflorescence. Leaves coriaceous, verti-
cillate, 4 to 7 in a whorl; oblong-obovate, oblong or elliptic-oblong,
obtuse or sometimes shortly and bluntly acute, occasionally emarginate
at apex, cuneate at base; bright green and shining above, white or grey
glaucous beneath, 3 to 7 in. long, 1:5 to 2:5 in. broad; midrib thick;
main nerves parallel, 30 to 40 pairs, at first almost at right angles to
the midrib, slightly curving upwards to an intramarginal nerve close to
the edge; secondary nerves many, similar but more slender; reticula-
tions few; petiole stout, 25 to ‘75 in. long, with a hooked process on
the upper side near the base. Inflorescence pseudo-terminal. Cymes
umbellately branched; main peduncles stout, 3 to 5, variable in length,
usually 2 to 3 in.; secondary peduncles slender, 5 to 7, supported often
by a spathulate leafy bract; pedicels short; terminal flowers subcapitate ;
bracteoles oblong or ovate; flowers greenish-white; buds obovoid;
whole inflorescence more or less tawny pubescent. Calyx-tube very
short; lobes ovate, obtuse, ciliate, sometimes unequal in size. Corolla-
tube cylindric, slightly enlarged below, much dilated at the top, hairy
on both sides, ‘25 to ‘35 in. long, annulate within at the mouth; lobes
ovate, obtuse, ‘15 in. long, cordate at base, rounded at top. Dzsk none.
Anthers lanceolate, acute, rounded below; pollen-grains spherical, with
small prominences. Ovary densely pale-villous; style slender; stigma
cylindric, bifid at apex. Frwt of 2 follicles, 1 to 2 feet long and -10 to
‘15 in. broad, pendulous, terete. Seeds oblong, peltate, on a narrow
placenta, flattened, -3 in. long, ‘075 in. broad, scabrous-papillose on both
surfaces, reddish-brown, furnished at each end with tufts of slender
tawny hairs up to ‘5 in. long; albumen very thin; cotyledons oblong,
about ‘1 in. long; radicle slender, as long as cotyledons. A. DC.
Prodr. VIII. 408; Wall. Cat. 1644; Wight Ic. t. 422; Hook. f. FI.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 437

Br. Ind. III. 642; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 436; Blume Bijdr. 1037;
Brandis For. Fl. 325; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 242; Kurz For. Fl. II.
183; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. I. 117; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. ITI. 133; Engl. &
Prantl IV. i. 138, t. 53; Cooke Fl. Bomb. II. 132; Prain Beng.
Plants, 672. Hchites scholaris, Linn. Mant. 55. EH. Pala, Ham.
ex Spreng. Syst. I. 633; A. DC. l. c. 477. — “ Pala,” Rheede Hort. Mal.
I. t. 45.

Penane: Wallich 16444. Prrax: Wray 170 (Vern. “Poko Pala’);
Scortechint 601; King’s Collector 7952. Matacca: Hervey. Srinea-
PORE: Wallach 16448. — Distris. Throughout India, Ceylon and
Burma, the Malay Archipelago, tropical Australia and Africa.

2. ALSTONIA SPATHULATA, Blume Bijdr. 1037 (1834). A tree reach-
ing 380 to 40 feet in height and 12 to 15 in. diam, (Scortechint and
others), 60 to 100 feet in height and 3 to 4 feet in diameter (King’s
Collector 5263); glabrous; branches verticillate; branchlets smooth,
swollen at the nodes. Leaves coriaceous; verticillate, 3 to 5 in a whorl;
obovate or spathulate; rounded at the apex, or sometimes slightly
obcordate; cuneate at base; bright green and shining above, whitish
beneath, when dry both surfaces brown; margins recurved; 2 to 4 in.
long, 1 to 2 in. broad; midrib stout, impressed above; main nerves
raised above, 20 to 30 pairs, the lower ones horizontal, the_ upper
gradually more and more curving upwards to meet in an intramarginal
nerve close to the edge; secondary nerves few, similar; reticulations
indistinct; petiole very short, bordered by the decurrent margin of
the blade. Inflorescence pseudo-terminal. Cymes small, umbellately
arranged in whorls; peduncle 1 to 2 in. long, stout, usually 1 only, some-
times 2 to 3; whorls of flowers 2 to 3, about ‘5 in. or less apart; pedi-
cels slender, -25 to ‘5 in. long; bracts and bracteoles small, ovate-acute,
caducous ; flowers a “ frosty”’ or ‘‘ waxy”’ white; buds clavate. Calyx-
tube -05 in. long; lobes as long, orbicular, margins ciliate. Corolla-
tube slender below, dilated above, ‘25 in. long, pubescent within, annu-
late at the throat; lobes oblong, twisted, ‘2 in. long, white villous
within at the base. Anthers lanceolate, small; filaments very short ;
_ pollen-grains spherical with opposite round prominences. Dzsk none
or very short. Ovary glabrous; carpels separate below, joined above;
style slender, 15 in. long; stigma cylindric, bifid. Frwt of two
follicles, 5 to 7, occasionally to 9, in. long, 1 to ‘15 in. broad, erect,
terete, sometimes minutely pubescent. Seeds oblong, peltate, flattened,
‘25 in. long, ‘1 in. broad, ciliate and margined all round, nearly smooth
on the faces, furnished at each end with tufts of slender tawny
hairs up to °75 in. long; albumen scanty; cotyledons oblong, about
‘1 in. long; radicle as long as cotyledons, slender. A. DC. Prodr.

438 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

VIII. 410; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 437; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 642;
Koord. & Val. Bijdr. I. 121. A. cwneata, Wall. Cat. 1645

PERAK: in low marshy places and on river banks, Scortechini 1716 ;
Wray 170 bis ; King’s Collector 400, 4009, 6852, 7464, 7780. Manacca:
Griffith ; Maingay (K.D.) 1068; Derry 1064; Cantley 1937.—DistTRIB.
Java, Borneo (Haviland, 1689, 3044).

Wallich’s No. 1645 bears on the label, ‘‘e Sirmur,’’ which is clearly a wrong
habitat as mentioned by Hooker.

3. ALSTONIA ANGUSTILOBA, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 438 (1856).
A large tree reaching 60 to 100 feet in height and 3 to 4 feet in
diameter; branches spreading, verticillate; branchlets dark brown, as
thick as a goose-quill, terete. Leaves coriaceous, verticillate, 4 to 7
in a whorl, oblong or elliptic-oblong, shortly and obtusely acute at apex,
attenuate at base; shining light green above, glaucous grey beneath ;
margins recurved ; 2°5 to 5 in. long, 1 to 1°5 in. broad; midrib promi-
nent; main nerves very many, 30 to 40, the lower ones parallel, at right
angles to the midrib, the upper curved upwards, all meeting in the
slightly thickened nerve-like margin, raised above; secondary nerves
few, similar; reticulations very indistinct; petiole ‘5 to °75 in. long,
channelled above, bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade.
Inflorescence terminal, grey-pubescent, umbellate ; peduncles stout, 1 to
5 together (usually 1 only), followed by a whorl of about 4 to 6
secondary branches, ‘25 to ‘5 in. long, bearing capitate clusters of many
flowers on very short pedicels, and in addition 3 to 5 longer branches
surmounted by similar capitate clusters or again whorled; bracts and
bracteoles very small, ovate-acute, caducous; flowers dark red without,
pale yellow within (K.C. No. 5270); buds narrow, linear, clavate,
glabrous. Calyx-tube short; lobes ovate-acute, grey-pubescent, ciliate,
together ‘06 in. long. Corolla-tube cylindrical, slightly dilated above,
annulate at the mouth, glabrous without, pubescent within, -25 in. ~
long; lobes narrow, linear-oblong, ‘15 to ‘2 in. long, with a small tuft of
villous hairs at the base within. Disk none. Anthers lanceolate-acute;
pollen-grains spherical, with 2 small spherical prominences opposite
each other on different sides. Ovary glabrous; carpels distinct; style
slender; stigma cylindrical, bifid at apex. rut of two grey-pubescent
follicles, 6 to 8 in. long and barely :1 in. in diameter, erect, terete. Seeds
flat, rectangular-oblong, -2 in. long, -05 in. broad, bordered, not papillose,
furnished at each end with a tuft of long tawny hairs up to °d in.
long; albumen scanty; cotyledons oblong, narrow; radicle as long as
cotyledons. Koord. & Val. Bijdr. I. 120. .

PENANG: Curtis 3087. Prrax: Wray 4058; King’s Collector 5263,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 439

5270. Manacca: Griffith. Srvcapore: Cantley 166; Ridley 8095
(var. glabra, Koord. & Val.).—Distriz. Java (Koorders 18, 14230),
Borneo (Haviland 1732). Wray gives the vernacular name “ Jelutong,”
Curtis “‘ Getah Paule,” Cantley “ Gutta Pulez.”

A leaf-specimen collected by G. King ‘‘ halfway up Penang hill,” in August, 1879,
and another from Malacca, collected by Hervey in 1885, have ‘‘ Leaves in whorls of
4 to 6, oblong-lanceolate, shortly and bluntly acuminate at apex, attenuate at base;
green above, glaucous grey beneath; 4 to 6 in. long, 1 to 1-5 in. broad; main nerves
very many, nearly 40, very regular and parallel; petiole rather slender, -25 to -6 in.
long.” They agree well with Teysmann’s No. 994 from Loeboe Aloeng, Sumatra,
Alstonia calophylla, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 439.

4. Austonia Curtisu, King & Gamble, n. sp. A dwarf compact
shrub; branchlets slender, grey, ringed by the ridges marking fallen
leaves. Leaves membranous when dry, in whorls of 3 to 4; oblan-
ceolate, sharply acuminate at apex, attenuate at base; dull on both
surfaces, pale beneath; margins recurved; 3 to 4 in. long, ‘75 to 1 in.
broad; midrib slender; main nerves parallel, starting at about 70° to
the midrib and curved upwards to the margin, 24 to 27 pairs, indis-
tinct ; secondary nerves similar, between the main nerves; reticulations
very indistinct; petiole none or very short, bordered by the decurrent
margins of the blade, with 2 to 3 small subulate glands on the upper
surface at the base. Cymes pseudo-terminal, 1 to 2, few-flowered ;
peduncles short, ‘1 to ‘2 in. long; pedicels slender, ‘75 in. long; flowers
white; buds long clavate with a swelling in the middle. Calyzx-tube
short; lobes as long as tube, ‘05 in., ovate-acuminate, hyaline at the
margins, glabrous. Corolla-tube very slender, 1 in. long, dilated a little
above the middle, glabrous without, slightly pubescent within below the
stamens; lobes oblong-falcate, overlapping to the left in bud, ‘6 in.
long, spreading, glabrous. Stamens inserted within the dilatation ;
anthers lanceolate, :15 in. long; filaments short; pollen globose. Dusk
of two subulate scales on broad bases alternate with the carpels. Ovary
glabrous; style very slender; stigma cylindric, elongated (‘05 in.), bifid
at apex; ovules very many. J rwit of two glabrous follicles, 3 to 3:5 in.
- long, -1 to -15 in. broad, acuminate at apex. Seeds oblong, peltate on a
tough placenta, -25 in. long, -1 in. broad; margins scabrous, dentate,
especially at the ends; testa covered with brown papille on the outer
and with two ridges on the inner side; coma white, silky, very short at
the sides, up to -15 in. long at the ends; albumen scanty.

Kasoom: limestone islands, Curtis 3242.

5. ALSTONIA MACROPHYLLA, Wall. Cat. 1648 (1829). A large tree,
reaching 40 to 60 feet in height and 1 to 2 feet in diameter; branches
stout, fleshy; branchlets more or less quadrangular and channelled on

440 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

the sides, marked with prominent leaf-scars. Leaves chartaceous ;
ternately verticillate, oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate; shortly
and abruptly acuminate at apex, cuneately attenuate at base for
nearly half their length; light green above, pale and glabrous or
sparsely brown-pubescent, especially along the nerves beneath; margins
slightly recurved ; 5 to 12 in. long, 1:5 to 3 in. broad; midrib slender ;
main nerves 20 to 24 pairs, parallel, starting at about 65° with the
midrib and curving upward to meet in a very faint looped intramarginal
nerve close to the edge, raised beneath; secondary nerves none; reticu-
lations transverse, indistinct; petiole stout, ‘5 to 1 in. long, when
young slender, base enlarged. Inflorescence pseudo-terminal, sessile ;
peduncles about 6 to 10, slender, 1 to 2 in. long, simple or occasionally
branched, bearing spreading, many-flowered, 2- to 3-chotomous cymes ;
bracts none; bracteoles minute, ovate-acute; pedicels slender; cyme-
branches pedicels and calyx minutely grey-pubescent; flowers yellowish-
white; buds cylindric-clavate. Calyxz-tube short, ‘03 in. long; lobes 5,
ovate-acute, pubescent without, glabrous within except at the tips.
Corolla-tube cylindrical below, slightly dilated above, glabrous without,
sparsely pubescent within below the stamens, mouth contracted, -15 in.
long; lobes oblong, rounded, folded in bud and overlapping to the
right, as long as the tube, ciliate on the edges and villous at the base
within. Stamens inserted at the top of the corolla-tube; anthers lan-
ceolate, apiculate, rounded below; filaments short; pollen spherical.
Disk annular, ‘025 in. deep. Ovary glabrous, ovoid, acute; carpels 2;
ovules very many ; style slender; stigma cylindric, bifid. Frwt of two
pendulous follicles reaching 18 in. in length, about -1 to -2 in. in thick-
ness, terete. Seeds peltate, on narrow, ribbon-like placentas, oblong,
rounded below, slightly bifid and acute above, bordered by tawny hairs
which are short at the sides and long plumose, up to °3 in., at the ends;
testa very thin, papillose; albumen rather thick; cotyledons oblong,
small; radicle as long as cotyledons. A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 409;
Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 643; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 438. A. costata,
Wall. Cat. 1649, not of Br.

Penane: Wallach 1648, 1649; Maingay (K.D.) 1066/2, 1070/2;
Curtis 378; King’s Collector 1637, 1732, 1733.—Distrrs. Borneo,
Philippines, New Guinea.

6. ALSTONIA ANGUSTIFOLIA, Wall. Cat. 1650 (1829). A tall tree;
branchlets dark brown, somewhat quadrangular and channelled, stout.
Leaves nearly coriaceous, ternately whorled or opposite; obovate or ob-
lanceolate, obtusely abruptly acuminate at apex, long cuneately attenuate
at base for about half their length; glabrous and green above, pale
and glabrous or when young pubescent beneath; margins slightly

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 441

recurved, 4 to 6 in. long, 1 to 1°75 in. broad; midrib slender, channelled
above; main nerves 12 to 16 pairs, at an angle of from 60° to 70° to the
midrib, curving upwards to meet in a very faint intramarginal looped
nerve; secondary nerves few; reticulations many, transverse; petiole
‘S to lin. long. Inflorescence pseudo-terminal, sessile, grey-pubescent ;
peduncles 2 to 6, variable in length, usually from 1 to 2 in. long, ending
in branched 2- to 3-chotomous corymbose spreading cymes; bracts
none; bracteoles minute, triangular; pedicels slender, short but variable;
flowers small, grey-pubescent, white (?), buds shortly clavate. Calyzx-
tube urceolate, glabrous within, ‘05 to ‘1 in. long; lobes ovate, reflexed,
pubescent on both surfaces, ‘005 in. long. Corolla-tube cylindric, —
slightly dilated a little above the middle, pubescent on both surfaces,
‘125 in. long; lobes spreading, ‘075 in. long, rounded, nearly glabrous
within when open, except for the tuft of hairs above the base. Stamens
inserted a little above the middle of the tube; anthers ovate, apiculate,
‘035 in. long; filaments very short. Disk annulate, wavy at margin,
very short. Ovary glabrous, ovoid-acute; style slender; stigma coni-
cal, penicillate below, bifid above. Frwt of two erect (?) follicles,
reaching 18 in. in length and -15 in. in diameter, stiff, ribbed when dry.
Seeds peltate, on narrow, ribbon-like, tough placentas, oblong, rounded
below, long acuminate above, ‘4 in. long, ‘1 in. broad, bordered by
tawny hairs which are short and reflexed at the sides and plumose at
the ends, reaching ‘3 in. in length; testa thin, minutely papillose on the
inner, villous on the outer surface; albumen flattened; cotyledons
oblong, as long as the straight radicle. A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 409;
Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 643.

PENANG: Griffith ; Maingay (K.D.), 1066, 1067, 1070. Matacca:
Derry 1080. JouorE: Ridley 10942. Sincapore: Wallich 1650;
Kurz; T. Anderson 140; Ridley 2716, 5571.

Var. elliptica, King & Gamble. Leaves opposite or in whorls of
three, elliptic, acute at apex and at base, glabrous except on the lower
surface when quite young; 3 to 4 in. long, 1:25 to 1:75 in. broad;
main nerves regular, raised beneath; petiole 75 to 1 in. long with a
callus on the inner surface near the base; branchlets rough, dark brown.

Penance: Curtis. Scarcely a variety, but the shape of the leaves is
very distinct.

Var. latifolia, King & Gamble. Leaves larger, obovate, 5 to 7 in.
long, 2°5 to 3 in. broad, glabrous. Flowers rather larger; calyx-lobes
shallower. A small tree with spreading branches, reaching 15 to 20 feet
in height and 3 to 4 in. in diameter.

Penang: Maingay (K.D.) 1070/1, 1070/2; Curtes 2491; Fox 80;
Ridley 9306 ; Stoliczka ; King’s Collector 1341.

449 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

This species comes very near to 4. villosa, Blume, of the Malay Archipelago, but
we hesitate to join them, as there are important characters of difference, e.g., the
very villous inside of the corolla-tube in A. villosa.

Species IMPERFECTLY KNown.

7. ALSTONIA GRANDIFOLIA, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 555 (1862). A
lofty tree; the branchlets very stout, sharply angled, transversely rugose.
Leaves chartaceous, in whorls of 4 to 6, those of each whorl usually
more or less unequal; elliptic-oblong or obovate, acute at apex, gradually
narrowed from the middle downwards at the base; brown and glabrous
and somewhat shining on the upper, glaucous on the lower, surface ;
margin undulate; 7 to 13-5 in. long, 2°5 to 5 in. broad; midrib very
stout, flat on the upper, much raised on the lower, surface; main nerves
20 to 30 pairs, very regular, parallel, at an angle of from 60° to 70° with
the midrib, straight to the margin to meet a nerve which forms the
margin itself, all raised beneath; secondary nerves very few, chiefly
near the apex; reticulations transverse, forming an elegant network on
the lower surface; petiole 1 to 1:25 in. long, stout. SF ollicles elongate,
woody (Migq.). Rest unknown.

SincaporE: 7. Anderson 119.—Distrip. Sumatra (Teysmann).

A. eximia, Miq., l. c., seems to differ only in the main nerves being more nearly at
right angles (80°) with the midrib. It also comes from Sumatvra.

8. ALSTONIA PANGKORENSIS, King & Gamble, n.sp._ A large tree (?);
branches very stout, smooth, somewhat fleshy, grey. Leaves mem-
branous; obovate or oblanceolate, abruptly and shortly and bluntly
acuminate at apex, cuneate at the base for the lower two-thirds;
glabrous above, minutely pubescent beneath, especially on the nerves ;
margins recurved; 12 to 14 in. long, 4 in. broad; midrib very stout,
impressed above, strongly raised beneath; main nerves about 18 pairs,
stout, parallel, raised beneath, usually about ‘75 in. apart along the
midrib, starting at an angle of about 75° and gently curving upwards to
the margin; secondary nerves few; reticulations bold, fairly prominent
on the lower surface; petiole stout, about ‘75 in. long. Follicles very
slender, 10 to 12 in. long, glabrous, striate, the margins reflexed after
the fall of the seeds. Rest unknown.

Diypines: Pangkor Island, Scortechini 1024.

12. Dyrra, Hook. f.

Glabrous trees with verticillate branches and thick angular chan-
nelled branchlets, laticiferous. Leaves in whorls, large, coriaceous,
oblong or obovate, with prominent main nerves and long petioles;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 443

stipular ridges between the petioles. Inflorescence of pseudo-terminal
and axillary umbellately branched cymes; flowers small. Calyx 5-lobed,
very small, eglandular; tube very short, adnate to the base of the
ovary. Corolla hypocrateriform, 5-lobed; tube short, hardly dilated
opposite the stamens; the throat naked; lobes 5, folded in bud and
overlapping to the left. Stamens 5, in the middle of the tube, included ;
filaments very short; anthers oblong-ovoid; cells small; the connective
produced in a thickened terminal fleshy appendage. Disk annular,
obscure. Ovary 2-celled, short, entire, conic, obtuse at the top, which
is pubescent; style none or minute; stigma obpyriform, minutely bifid
at apex; ovules many in each cell on intruded placente. Fruit of two
cylindric follicular mericarps of very large size, connate at the base, at
first divergent, afterwards curling back and opening flat. Seeds elliptic,
large, flat, peltate, surrounded by a broad membranous striate wing,
longer at the ends than in the middle; testa very thin, glandular-
papillose; albumen flat, rather scanty; cotyledons elliptic, very thin ;
radicle small, superior—Duistris. Three species, of the Malay Penin-
sula and Archipelago.

Leaves usually under 6 in. long, main nerves starting nearly
at right angles to midrib; corolla-tube nearly as long as lobes;
cymes with rather short peduncles ye . L. D. costulata.
Leaves under 8 in. long, main nerves starting at anon 60° with
the midrib; corolla-tube very much shorter than lobes; cymes
with long peduncles oc ar sc .. 2. Dz laxiflora.

1. DyERA costunATA, Hook. f. in Journ. Linn. Soc. XIX. 293
(1882). A very large tree, reaching 100 to 150 feet in height and 3 to
4 feet in diam.; branches verticillate with reddish thick bark; branchlets
thick, angular and channelled, at any rate when dry. Leaves coriaceous,
in whorls of 6 to 8; broadly elliptic or elliptic-oblong, rounded and some-
times very shortly and abruptly acute at apex, rounded at base or some-
times attenuate; upper surface bright green shining, lower pale bluish-
green glaucous, especially when young; margins somewhat undulate,
slightly recurved ; 3 to 7 in. long, 1-5 to 3 in. broad; midrib stout, very
prominent beneath, impressed and keeled above; main nerves 16 to 20
pairs, at first nearly at right angles to the midrib, then curving upwards
to join in a looped nerve at the margin, raised on both surfaces when
dry, as are the prominent reticulations; petiole 1 to 1:25 in. long, ribbed,
furnished with a rounded cone-like gland on the upper surface at the
base, the glands of the uppermost whorl of leaves conniving in a cone
over the bud. Cymes pseudo-terminal, or from the penultimate leaf-
whorl; peduncles of varying length, 1 to 3 in. long, rather slender
branches umbellately whorled; secondary peduncles -25 to ‘5 in. long;

tit ' Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

pedicels slender, short ; bracteoles triangular, minute ; flowers yellowish ;
buds linear-oblong. Calyzx-tube adnate to the base of the ovary ; lobes
ovate rounded, glabrous, ‘6 in. long. Corolla-tube short, ‘1 in. long,
glabrous, except a ring of scanty reflexed hairs within near the base
below the insertion of the filament; narrow raised folds between the
stamens; lobes oblong, cordate at base, folded in bud, rounded at
top, ‘15 in. long. Stamens inserted a little above the base of the
corolla-tube; pollen globose with small pits. Pollcles very large,
on greatly thickened peduncles (‘5 in. in diam.), 9 to 15 in. long,
1 to 1:5 in. broad, after splitting open nearly 3 in. broad, connate
at the base, at first straight, but after dehiscence curved backwards so
as nearly to touch at the points. Seeds peltate, flat, elliptic, surrounded
by a membranous striate wing, broader at the ends than in the middle,
2:5 in. long, 1 in. broad, the seed part 1:25 by -75 in.; testa thin,
granular-papillose ; albumen thin; cotyledons ovate, ‘7 by ‘4 in., very
thin and difficult to separate; radicle short. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 644.
Alstoma ? costulata, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 556.

Prenane: Curtis 3391; Scortechim 1973; King’s Collector 4689,
8181, 8784. Mauacca: Griffith; Maingay (K.D.) 1097; Derry 554.
PawanG: in Tahan Woods, Azdley in Trans. Linn. Soc. 2nd Ser. ITI.
320. SincaporE: fizvdley 4922. — Distris. Sumatra (Teysmann,
Diepenhorst 1114).

This is the chief plant that gives the ‘‘ Gutta Jelutong,” which seems, however, to
be used only as an adulterant of the true Guttas given by species of Palaquiwm and
Payena. Beccari, in ‘ Nelle foreste di Borneo,’ 561, says that the Gutta of the allied
Bornean species Dyera Lowii, Hook. f., is absolutely wanting in elasticity, and quickly
resinifies and becomes pulverulent.

2. DymRA LAxirtoRA, Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 644 (1882). <A very
large tree, reaching 100 to 150 feet in height and 3 to 4 feet in diam. ;
branches verticillate; branchlets angular, furrowed, rugose, very thick,
dark brown. Leaves chartaceous, in whorls of 4 to 7; elliptic-obovate or
obovate, rounded or shortly acute at apex, rounded at base or especially
when young cuneate-attenuate; upper surface bright green glossy,
lower glaucous; margins slightly recurved; 6 to 8 in. long, 2 to
3:5 in. broad; midrib prominent, depressed and keeled above, much
raised beneath; main nerves 13 to 17 pairs, starting at an angle of
about 60° with the midrib, and only very slightly curving upwards to
meet in a looped nerve at the margin, slightly impressed above, raised
beneath; reticulations many, prominent on both surfaces; petiole 1 to
2 in. long, channelled, furnished at the base with a prominent gland,
which, especially those of the uppermost whorl, is recurved, hooked,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 445

and forms a cone over the bud. Cymes from the penultimate whorl of
the branchlets; peduncles 2 to 4 in. long, slender; branches umbellately
whorled; secondary peduncles slender, °75 to 1 in. long; pedicels very
slender, about -2 to *3 in. long; bracts leafy, orbicular, petioled,
caducous ; bracteoles very small, triangular; flowers white; buds
linear-oblong. Calyx-tube adnate to the lower part of the ovary; lobes
orbicular, rounded or sometimes emarginate, glabrous, ‘05 in. long.
Corolla salver-shaped; tube urceolate, ribbed without, :075 in. long,
glabrous, except a ring of reflexed hairs below the insertion of the
filaments ; lobes oblong, rather narrow in bud, broad in flower, reaching
‘2 in. in length and ‘1 in. in breadth. Ovary pubescent on top; stigma
sessile, bilobed. /#ruct not known.

Perak: Wray 541; King’s Collector 7852 (or 4?). SINGAPORE:
Murton ; Burbidge ; Cantley 226; Ridley ; Hullett 343. Vern. name,
‘“« Kayu (wood) Jelutong”’ (Wray).

13. HoLARRHENA, Br.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, usually membranous, glabrous or
pubescent, penninerved. Flowers white, in terminal or axillary or sub-
axillary corymbose cymes. Calyx 5-fid or 5-partite; lobes narrow,
usually glandular at the base on one or both sides. Corolla hypo-
crateriform ; tube slender, cylindric, slightly dilated opposite the
stamens; the throat contracted, naked; lobes 5, oblong, overlapping to
the right. Stamens included in the tube near the base; anthers
lanceolate mucronate; cells rounded at the base; filaments short,
slender. Disk none. Ovary of 2 distinct carpels; style shortly fili-
form; stigma below the anthers oblong-fusiform, tip entire or bifid;
ovules many in each carpel. Frwt of 2 elongate, terete, follicular
mericarps. Seeds oblong or linear, concave inside, the funicle in the
concavity; tipped with a deciduous coma of slender hairs; albumen
scanty; cotyledons broad, complicate; radicle short.—DistRis. Species
8; 5 in tropical Africa, 3 in India and Malaya.

Leaves over 4 in. long and 2 in. broad, membranous, main

nerves irregular; follicles 10 to 15 in. long; cymes broad 1. H. antidysenterica.
Leaves under 4 in. long and 2 in. broad, chartaceous, main
nerves regular; follicles 6 in. long; cymes narrow eee eile OIUrttsie.

1. HoLARRHENA ANTIDYSENTERICA, Wall. Cat. 1672 (1828). A small
tree, glabrous or pubescent; the branchlets slender, lenticellate. Leaves
membranous, variable; ovate or ovate-oblong to elliptic, obtusely
acuminate at apex, rounded or attenuate or cuneate often unequally
at base; glabrous above, glabrous or more or less pubescent beneath ;

446 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

4 to 8 in. long, 2 to 4 in. broad; midrib slender in the glabrous-leaved,
broad in the pubescent-leaved forms; main nerves 10 to 14 pairs,
irregular, at about 50° with the midrib, curved upwards to and along
the margin where they anastomose; secondary nerves few or none;
reticulations irregular, not prominent; petiole ‘1 to 2 in. long, some-
times none. Cymes many-flowered, dichotomous, 3 to 6 in. in diameter,
sessile or shortly peduncled ; pedicels slender, -25 to -5 in. long; bracts
small, lanceolate, pubescent or glabrous, ciliate; buds clavate; flowers
white. Calyz-lobes linear-lanceolate, -1 to -2 in. long, ciliate, glandular
at base or not; tube scarcely any. Corolla-tube slender, °3 to -4 in.
long, puberulous, slightly inflated at base; mouth contracted; lobes
oblong, acute or rounded at top, infolded in bud, ciliate, -4 in. long.
Anthers mucronate. Ovary glabrous; style short; stigma fusiform.
Follicles 10 to 15 in. long, -2 in. broad, terete, black, often dotted
with white spots, diverging below, then incurved. Seeds linear-oblong,
channelled on the inner, rounded on the outer, face, ‘5 to ‘6 in. long,
flattened at the hilum; coma golden-brown, ‘75 to 1 in. long; cotyledons
cordate at base, 4 in. long; radicle:1in. A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 413;
Brandis For. Fl. 326, t. 40; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. CLX. tab. xx. 6; Kurz
For. Fl. II. 182; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 644; Cooke Fl. Bomb. II.
133; Prain Beng. Pl. 674. H. Codaga, G. Don Gen. Syst. IV. 78;
A. DC. le. 414; Kurz lc. 181; Wight Ic. 1297. H. malaccensis,
Wight Ic. 1298; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 441. H. pubescens, Wall. Cat.
1673; A. DC. l.c. 413; Mig. l.c. 440. Hchites antidysenterica, Roxb.
Chonemorpha (?) antidysenterica, G. Don l.c.; Wight Ic. 439. ‘ Codaga-
Pala,” Rheede Hort. Mal. I. t. 47.

Mauacca: Capt. Wight cf. Wight Ic. 1298.—Distris. India and

Burma.

There are available in the Herbaria of Kew and Calcutta sheets of only one
specimen, which is that collected by Capt. Wight, and which was figured in the
‘Icones’ as H. malaccensis. It is a specimen of the glabrous form of the tree, as was
to be expected, that being the more usual form in the damp regions of India, as is the
pubescent one in the dry regions.

2. HoLARBHENA Curtisu, King & Gamble, n.sp. A shrub, reaching
8 feet in height; branchlets slender, dark brown, smooth ; innovations
pubescent. Leaves chartaceous; oblong or oblong-lanceolate or ob-
ovate, acute or rounded at apex, attenuate and rounded at base; shining
above, pale beneath and minutely pubescent; the margins recurved ;
1:5 to 3:5 in. long, °75 to 1 in. broad; midrib thick, prominent beneath;
main nerves 12 to 14 pairs, regular, at about 45° with the midrib,
curving upwards to and along the margin, raised beneath; secondary

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 447

nerves occasional; reticulations minute; petiole -1 to 15 in. long,
bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade. Cymes axillary,
corymbose, pubescent, 1°5 to 2°5 in. in diameter, on peduncles ‘5 to
‘75 in. long; bracts linear-oblong or spathulate; bracteoles linear,
‘15 in. long, on the pedicels below the flower; pedicels slender; flowers
white; buds clavate. Calyx-lobes linear-oblong, -25 in. long, rounded
or acute at top, ciliate, pubescent, with 2 glands at the base within;
tube almost none. Corolla-tube slender, slightly inflated near the
base opposite the stamens, contracted at the mouth, °4 in. long, ciliate
on the edges, pubescent on both surfaces; lobes oblong, rounded at top,
narrowed at the base, the margins infolded in bud, pubescent on both
sides. Anthers ‘05 in. long, mucronate. Ovary of 2 distinct glabrous
carpels; style very short; stigma fusiform, bifid, below the anthers.
Follicles brown, straight, terete, 6 in. long, ‘2 in. broad, only little
divergent. Seeds oblong, keeled on one side, concave on the other,
‘4 in. long; coma golden-brown, up to 1:5 in. long.

SraMESE States: Trang, at 100 to 200 feet, Kunstler 1402; Curtis
3392.— Distris. N. Siam (Ff. H. Smiles), Cambodia (Godefroy-
Lebeuf 189).

14. Ervaramra, Stapf.

Shrubs or small trees, usually glabrous; branchlets usually dicho-
tomous. Leaves opposite, herbaceous to coriaceous, usually membranous
when dry; axillary stipules usually distinct; axillary glands small,
often numerous. lowers small to middle-sized, sometimes showy, in
terminal, pseudo-terminal or axillary cymes, usually corymbose and
often in pairs; branches dichotomous. Calyx small; lobes 5, free or
connate at the base, glandular or not within. Corolla salver-shaped ;
tube cylindric, slightly dilated at the mouth or rarely lower, opposite
the stamens; lobes overlapping to the left, rarely to the right. Stamens
erect, included; filaments short, usually decurrent in ridges inside the
tube; anthers linear, bilobed at base, acute or mucronate, dehiscing
throughout their length. Disk 0. Ovary of 2 carpels, distinct or
slightly cohering; style long, filiform; stigma clavate, with a slender
bifid apiculus; ovules numerous, pluriseriate. Fruit of two follicular
mericarps, obliquely ovoid to lanceolate or cylindric-lanceolate, often
curved and beaked, sometimes 1- to 3-keeled; dehiscing along the
ventral suture and at length often opening out flat. Seeds few to
many, enveloped in a bright-coloured aril, more or less irregularly
ellipsoid, grooved or hollowed ventrally; testa crustaceous, finely
suleate, the furrows protruded into the copious often waxy albumen ;
cotyledons flat, cordate; radicle cylindric.—Distrre. Species about

448 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

30 to 35 in tropical Asia, Australia, and Polynesia; 1 species in
Madagascar.

Leaves with main nerves curving upwards; stamens near the
top of the corolla-tube :—
Leaves chartaceous or coriaceous; branchlets stout; calyx-
lobes thick, broad, short :—
Cymes glabrous or very slightly pubescent ae -. 1. E. corymbosa.
Cymes hirsute a A -. 2. E. hirta.
Leaves membranous ; branchlets oie - —
Calyx-lobes very small, under ‘1 in. long :—
Calyx-lobes ovate, acute; follicles oblong, keeled, beak

slightly recurved ; seeds 3to6 .. 3. E. coronaria.
Calyx-lobes ovate, rounded ; follicles micted beak sain
recurved ; seeds 1 to 2 : 2: .. 4. E. peduncularis.

Calyx-lobes lanceolate, over ‘1 in. inne —
Calyx-lobes over -3 in. long; follicles 1-5 to 3 in. Wee

narrowly cylindric, not keeled .. 5. E. cylindrocarpa.
Calyx-lobes -15 to ‘2 in. long; follicles 15 to 1:25 in.

long, oblong faleate, 3-keeled .. 6. E. malaccensis.
Calyx-lobes ‘1 to ‘15 in. long; follicles 1 % 15 5 in. ina

ovoid, long-acuminate, not keeled ac 7. E. Curtisit.

Leaves with main nerves at right angles to midrib and sunieht
or very slightly curving; branchlets stout; stamens near the
middle of the corolla-tube .. a: ae .. 8. EH. polyneura.

1. Ervatamia corymposa, King & Gamble. A shrub or small tree,
reaching 30 to 40 feet in height and 8 to 10 in. in diameter; branchlets
stout, smooth, uppermost internodes somewhat flattened. Leaves
chartaceous; elliptic-oblong or elliptic-lanceolate, obtusely acuminate
at apex, cuneately narrowed at base; dark green above, pale beneath ;
margins sometimes slightly recurved; those of each pair often very
unequal in size; 6 to 16 in. long, 2 to 6 in. broad; midrib stout, raised
beneath; main nerves 12 to 16 pairs, leaving the midrib at an angle of
65° to 75° and at first nearly straight, then curving upwards to and along
the margin, usually impressed above and strongly raised beneath ;
reticulations few, inconspicuous; petiole stout, ‘5 to ‘8 in. long, base
enlarged half-stem-clasping ; axillary glands prominent, meeting at the
nodes. Cymes many-flowered, much-branched, usually in pairs in the
axils of the second uppermost pair of leaves, di-tri-chotomous ; peduncles
variable, ‘5 to 2°5 in. long, stout; secondary peduncles similar, 1 to
1:5 in. long; pedicels slender, ‘5 to 1 in. long, somewhat clavate; bracts
obsolete; flowers spreading, corymbose, waxy cream-colour; buds
clavate, the top large, globose, often minutely grey-pubescent. Calyz-
tube campanulate, ‘5 in. long, thick; lobes ovate, rounded, ciliate, -1 in.
long; glands, if present, two at the base of the lobes inside. Ceorolla-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 449

tube cylindric, slender, slightly dilated at top, opposite the stamens,
‘75 in. long; lobes oblong-falcate, ‘5 in. long or rather more; pubescent
without, crispate on one edge and auricled on that edge at the base.
Anthers linear-oblong, blunt or mucronate, :125 in. long, the basal lobes
adherent to the connective; filaments short, decurrent in lines inside the
corolla-tube. Ovary of 2 ovoid, glabrous carpels; style filiform ; stigma
clavate, tip entire or bifid. Follecles thick, globular-ovoid, recurved,
very shortly beaked, obtusely keeled, rough outside, 1:5 in. long, 1 in.
in diameter; ventral suture impressed. Seeds very many, oblong-obtuse,
deeply hollowed ventrally, °5 in. long, *2 to ‘25 in. broad and deep;
testa crustaceous, glandular-papillose, with deep ridges within, which
extend into the copious albumen; cotyledons cordate, -15 in. long;
radicle cylindric, -25 in. long. Tabernemontana corymbosa, Roxb. FI.
Ind. II. 25; A. DC. Prody. VIII. 376; Wall. Cat. 1772 and Bot. Reg.
under t. 1273; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 646; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 420.

Penane: Wallich 1572; Philips; Curtis 1763. Provinck WEt-
LESLEY: Fidley 7032. Perak: Wray 4169; King’s Collector 3141,
3522, 5792, 5999, 7163, 7376. Manacca: Griffith. JoHorE: at Jaffaria,
G. King. Sineapore: TZ. Anderson 82, 117; Murton 115; Ridley
4119, 8416, 8431.

Var. Kelsalls, King & Gamble. Leaves thinner than in the type,
oblong-lanceolate; main nerves fewer (10 pairs) and at a more oblique
angle (50°). Cymes nearly sessile, much fewer-flowered.

SeLAneor: at Bukit Htam, Kelsall 1992.

Var. pubescens, King & Gamble. Inflorescence covered with slight
greyish-yellow pubescence.

Perak: King’s Collector 4830. Mauacca: Goodenough 1638.

This is scarcely a variety. In many of the specimens of the species the corolla in
bud is thickly tomentose outside, and thus we have a gradation from the glabrous to
the pubescent form.

2. ERvaTaMIA HIRTA, King & Gamble. A large shrub (?); branch-
lets stout, somewhat flattened, dark brown, lenticellate. Leaves coria-
ceous ; elliptic-ovate or -oblong, long acuminate at apex, acute at base ;
dull on both surfaces, dark olivaceous-brown on the upper, much
paler on the lower; margins recurved; 4 to 12 in. long, 2:5 to 5 in.
broad; midrib rather slender, flattened on the upper, raised on the
lower surface; main nerves 10 to 16 pairs, starting at about 70° with
the midrib and curving upwards to anastomose near the margin,
impressed above, raised beneath ; secondary nerves apparently none;
reticulations obscure; petiole ‘25 to ‘5 in. long, stout. Cymes almost
hirsute, many-flowered, much branched, usually in pairs“in the axils of

450 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

the second uppermost pair of leaves, 2- to 3-chotomous; peduncles
flattened, curved, 1:25 to 1°75 in. long; secondary peduncles similar
but rather shorter ; pedicels slender, about ‘5 in. long; bracts and brac-
teoles obsolete ; buds clavate, reaching ‘75 in. long, nearly glabrous, the
top globose. Calyx sometimes 7-lobed, cup-shaped, eglandular, hispid
without, glabrous within; tube ‘15 in. long; lobes ovate-acute, as long
as tube. Corolla-tube cylindric, ‘5 in. long, slightly inflated opposite
the stamens near the top, glabrous; lobes oblong-falcate, crispate on
one edge and auricled on that edge near the base, much twisted to the
right, ‘25 in. long (in bud). Amnthers lanceolate, with a hooked mucro
at tip, 075 to ‘1 in. long, the basal lobes adherent to the connective ;
filaments short. Ovary of 2 ovoid glabrous carpels; style filiform ;
stigma clavate, with a slender, usually bifid tip. ollicles ovoid,
faleate, recurved, obscurely keeled and obtusely beaked, 1 to 1:5 in.
long by ‘5 to ‘75 in. broad, smooth outside, ventral suture impressed
before dehiscence. Seeds many, crescent-shaped, deeply hollowed
ventrally, ‘5 in. long, ‘25 in. broad and deep; testa crustaceous, ribbed,
and with deep ridges which extend into the albumen; cotyledons
ovate, ‘05 in. long; radicle slender, ‘1 in. long. Tabernemontana hirta,
Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 646.
Mauacca: Griffith ; Maingay (K.D.) 1059; Derry 77.

This species comes near to E. corymbosa var. pubescens, but the hirsute in-
florescence at once distinguishes it.

3. ERVATAMIA CORONARIA, Stapf in Dyer FI. Trop. Afr. iv. 127 (1902).
A shrub; branches many, dichotomous, corky, pale brown. Leaves
membranous; lanceolate or oblanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, long-
acuminate at apex, acuminate at base, the pairs often unequal-sized ;
deep green on the upper, paler on the lower surface; 3 to 6 in. long, -75 to
1:5 in. broad; midrib slender; main nerves 7 to 9 pairs, distant, curving
upwards to and along the margin; secondary nerves and reticulations
indistinct; petiole -3 to 4 in. long, slender, the base half-stem-clasping ;
axillary glands present. Cymes few- (2- to 10-) flowered; peduncles
1:5 in. long; pedicels slender, about -25 in. long; bracteoles minute,
usually 2 to each pedicel, one below the calyx, one lower down; flowers
white, fragrant; buds clavate. Calyx-tube short; lobes ovate, acute or
rounded, ciliate, biglandular within. Corolla-tube slender, -7 to ‘9 in.
long, scarcely dilated slightly below the middle opposite the stamens,
pubescent within below the stamens; mouth with flattened glands ;
lobes as long as the tube, ovate-oblong, obtuse, one edge slightly crispate.
Anthers lanceolate, ‘05 in. long, minutely hooked at tip; filaments
hairy. Ovary of 2 glabrous carpels; style short; stigma cylindric, bifid

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 451

at tip. ollicles spreading at about 90° to 100° apart, oblong, 1 to
2 in. long, with 1 to 3 keels and a recurved acuminate tip, opening out
flat when fully ripe. Seeds 3 to 6, irregularly oblong, angular, -25 in.
long, enclosed in a red pulpy aril; deeply grooved ventrally with a
branching groove; testa crustaceous, sulcate, glandular, the furrows
protruded into the albumen, which is copious; cotyledons ovate-
cordate, ‘1 in. long; radicle cylindric, as long as the cotyledons. Cooke
Fl. Bomb. II, 134. Tabernemontana coronaria, Willd. Enum. Hort.
meron 2fo, Att. cloth. Kew. ed. 2, EL. -725-A.:DC. Prodr.. VIII. 373:
Roxb. Fl. Ind. II. 23; Wall. Cat. 1568; Wight Ic. 477; Lodd. Bot.
Cab. t. 406; Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1064; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 144 ;
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 421; Brandis For. Fl. 322; Bedd. Fl. Sylv.
CLIX.; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 646; Trimen FI. Ceyl. III. 133 ;
Prain Beng. Plants 673. T. divaricata, Blume Bijdr. 1626; Kurz. For.
Fl. IL. 174. Neriwm divaricatuwm, Linn. Sp. Pl. 306. N. coronariwm,
Jacq. Coll I. 138, t. 52; Bot. Mag. t. 1861. Jasminum zeylanicum,
Burm. Fl. Ind. t. 39.

Kasoom: Curtis 3243. Penang: back of West Hill at 2000 feet,
Curtis 3460. PERAK: King’s Collector 5153. Mauacca: at Bukit Burang,
Goodenough 1423. StneaporE: Wallich 1568.—Distrin. Apparently
wild in N. India. The shrub is commonly cultivated in gardens
throughout India and Malaya.

4, ERVATAMIA PEDUNCULARIS, King & Gamble. A small shrub
(small tree, King’s Collector); branchlets slender, dichotomous, curved.
Leaves membranous; elliptic or elliptic-oblong or oblong-lanceolate,
obtusely long caudate-acuminate at apex, acute at base; glabrous, pale
beneath; 4 to 9 in. long, 1:5 to 3 in. broad; midrib slender; main
nerves 12 to 20 pairs, parallel, starting at an angle of about 60° with
the midrib and curving upwards to join in an intramarginal looped
nerve; secondary nerves none; reticulations transverse, faint; petiole
‘25 to -4 in. long, slender at first, afterwards thickening, the base
enlarged, half-stem-clasping with a stipular scale within. Cymes glabrous,
usually in pairs, axillary, on 2 to 5 in. long slender peduncles; branches
widely divaricate; secondary peduncles ‘75 to 1 in. long; pedicels
capillary, °2 to -3 in. long; bracteoles minute; flowers white; buds
slender, clavate. Calyx-tube short; lobes ovate, rounded, glandular
within on the middle, -025 in. long. Corolla-tube very slender, straight
or slightly curved, ‘4 to ‘5 in. long, inflated at the top opposite the
stamens; mouth naked, slightly pubescent within below the stamens.
Anthers lanceolate, slightly mucronate. Ovary of 2 glabrous carpels;
carpels elongate; style very slender; stigma clavate, bifid at apex just
beneath the anthers. Jollicles stipitate, twisted, oblong or rhomboid,

9)

452 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

beaked; the beak recurved, ‘4 to ‘6 in. long, -4 in. broad, 1- to 2-seeded.
Seeds bluntly angled, enclosed in a thin red fleshy aril; testa crustaceous,
sulcate, the furrows pressing inwards, rough, glandular; albumen copious;
cotyledons cordate, ‘15 in. long; radicle cylindric. Tabernemontana
peduncularis, Wall. Cat. 1575 and im Bot. Reg. under t. 1273 ;A. DC.
Prodr. VIII.376; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 421; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 647.

Kepau: at Langkawi Island, Curtis 2536. Pmnane: Porter (Wallich
1575); Maingay (K.D.) 1060/2; Curtis 790. Perak: Curtis; Wray
1892, 1962, 1975; Scortechin 83, 226, 724; Radley 9750; King’s
Collector 846, 1858. SmLanacor: Ardley 8555. Manacca: Derry 1014.

5. ERVATAMIA CYLINDROCARPA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A shrub
reaching 4 to 6 feet in height; branchlets slender, dichotomous, pale
brown, smooth. Leaves membranous; lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, or
elliptic-lanceolate, sharply or sometimes bluntly caudate-acuminate at
apex, the acumen curved sideways, attenuate at base; light green
above when young, darker when old, paler beneath; 4 to 7 in. long,
1 to 2:5 in. broad; midrib slender; main nerves 7 to 10 pairs, starting
at an angle of about 60° to 70° with the midrib, and at once curving
upwards to anastomose a little short of the margin; secondary nerves
few ; reticulations inconspicuous ; petiole -25 in. long, slender. Cymes
axillary or terminal, single or in pairs, divaricately branched; pe-
duncles slender, ‘5 to 1 in. long; secondary peduncles as long, dicho-
tomously branched; pedicels slender, ‘25 to ‘d in. long; bracteoles
minute, very caducous; flowers few in each cyme, waxy white with a
yellow centre; buds rather stoutly clavate, acute at tip. Calyx-tube
very short; lobes lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, unequal, ‘3 to °4 in.
long, acute, with large glands inside near the base, midrib prominent.
Corolla-tube funnel-shaped in bud, cylindric in flower ; dilated above
opposite the stamens, ‘4 to ‘5 in. long, glabrous on both surfaces; lobes
oblong, spreading, rather broad, ‘5 in. long, rounded at top. Anthers
linear-acute, ‘1 in. long; pollen-grains globose, with projecting bosses.
Ovary of 2 carpels, rounded at top; style slender; stigma clavate,
with a bifid point. ollicles widely divaricate, from 110° to nearly in
the same line, cylindric, acute both at base and tip, scarcely recurved,
1:5 to 3 in. long, not keeled. Seeds up to 10, ovoid, °3 in. long, suleate
ventrally, enclosed in a fleshy aril; testa crustaceous, glandular, ribbed,
the ribs extending into the copious albumen; cotyledons cordate;
radicle cylindric.

Perak: Wray 158, 1857, 2806, 3117, 4027; Scortechima 144, 438,
920, 964; King’s Collector 1060, 2081, 3006, 10061, 10264. Dziypines:
Fiidley, 7935, 8360, 8631, 10291.

6. ERVATAMIA MALACCENSIS, King & Gamble. A slender glabrous

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 453

shrub, reaching 6 to 8 ft. in height; branchlets slender, dichotomous,
smooth. Leaves membranous; lanceolate to elliptic-obovate, obtusely
caudate-acuminate at apex, the acumen often twisted sideways, attenu-
ate at base; yellowish-green when fresh, pale brown when dry; 1°5 to 4
in. long, ‘5 to 1°5 in. broad; midrib slender, raised beneath; main
nerves very slender, 6 to 9 pairs, starting at an angle of from 50° to 60°
with the midrib, and curving upwards to join in an inconspicuous intra-
marginal looped nerve; secondary nerves very few; reticulations few,
faint ; petiole ‘5 to -25 in. long, winged by the decurrent margins of the
blade, half-stem-clasping at base with a stipular ridge at the node and
a ligule-like gland within. Cymes axillary, sessile or shortly peduncled,
few- (1- to 6-) flowered; pedicels slender, curved, ‘25 to ‘75 in. long;
bracteoles minute, caducous; flowers white with a yellow centre, or
pale yellow; buds very slender, clavate, rounded at top. Calyx-tube
short; lobes lanceolate, acuminate, glandular within, unequal, 15 to
‘2 in. long, with a strong midrib nerve. Corolla-tube very slender,
dilated at top opposite the stamens and there twisted, ‘5 to -7 in. long,
glabrous except for a slight pubescence within below the anthers;
lobes narrow, oblong, folded in bud, crisped on the margins, -4 to ‘5 in.
long, ‘1 in. broad. Anthers slender, -15 in. long; filaments short,
ciliate, decurrent in lines in the corolla-tube. Ovary short, rounded ;
style long, filiform ; stigma clavate, apiculate. Follicles yellow, oblong-
faleate, beak acute, base sessile; 3-keeled, the keels prominent; -75 to
1:25 in. long, -4 to ‘5 in. thick, 6- or more-seeded. Seeds ovoid or
rhomboid, -3 to ‘4 in. long, surrounded by a reddish aril; testa
crustaceous, grooved ventrally with a branching groove, furrowed
longitudinally, the furrows intruded into the albumen; albumen copious;
cotyledons cordate, rounded, -25 in. long; radicle stout, cylindric. Ta-
bernemontana malaccensts, Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. III. 649.

Perak: Scortechint 2024; King’s Collector 1061, 4391. Manacca:
Griffith ; Maingay (K.D.) 1061, 1062; Derry 87; Hervey. SELANGOR:
Curtis 2353. SrincaporE: Hullett 521 (this specimen has very small
leaves and rather larger more recurved follicles).
7. Ervaramia Curtis, King & Gamble, n.sp. Ashrub; branchlets
slender, dichotomous, pale brown, striate when dry. Leaves mem-
branous; lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, caudate-acuminate at apex,
attenuate at base; glabrous, green above, pale beneath ; margins slightly
recurved; 8 to 6 in. long, 1 to 1:5 in. broad; midrib slender, prominent
beneath; main nerves 9 to 12 pairs, starting at an angle of about 70°
with the midrib and at once curving upwards to and along the margin ;
secondary nerves and reticulations very indistinct; petiole -2 to -3 in.
long, winged by the decurrent margins of the blade so as to be

454 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

practically sessile; the base half-stem-clasping and forming a stipular
ridge at the node, with a ligule-like gland within. Cymes axillary,
usually to the second pair of leaves from the top of the branchlet ;
generally in pairs, about 6- to 10-flowered ; peduncles slender, ‘5 to 1 in.
long; pedicels very slender, about ‘5 to ‘6 in. long; buds slender,
clavate, somewhat acute at tip. Calyx-tube almost none; lobes linear-
lanceolate, unequal, ‘1 to ‘15 in. long, with a large round gland at the base
within, usually supporting 3 smaller linear ones. Corolla-tube slender,
‘6 to ‘7 in. long, slightly inflated at top opposite the stamens, glabrous —
within and without; lobes narrow, oblong, undulately crispate, -5 in.
long. Anthers linear, acute or slightly mucronate, -08 in. long ; filaments
short, decurrent in lines within the tube. Ovary of two rounded
carpels; style very slender; stigma clavate, bifid at tip. follicles
horizontally divaricate, ovoid, long-acuminately beaked, not keeled or
recurved, bright orange in colour, 1 to 1-5 in. long, about 4 in. broad.
Seeds about 6 to 8, obtusely angular, 25 to -35 in. in diameter, deeply
hollowed ventrally, enveloped in a crimson aril; testa brown, glandular,
furrowed, the furrows deeply indented in the copious waxy albumen ;
cotyledons cordate, *1 in. in diameter ; radicle cylindric, ‘15 in. long.

Penane: at the Waterfall. Curtvs 1775. PEraxk: at Kuala Wok,
Wray 852; Scortechint 63.

We have been somewhat in doubt whether Wray’s and Scortechini’s fruiting
specimens really belong to the same plant as Curtis’s excellent flowering ones, but
after long consideration believe we are right in considering that they do.

8. ERVATAMIA POLYNEURA, King & Gamble. A slender glabrous
shrub, reaching 20 feet in height; branchlets thick, very milky,
dark brown, very prominently marked by the broad sears of fallen
leaves. Leaves very coriaceous; elliptic or elliptic-ovate or elliptic-
oblong, obtuse or bluntly acute at apex, somewhat rounded at base;
yellowish-brown when dry, upper surface green when fresh, wrinkled
when dry, lower pale, dotted; margins recurved, slightly so in flower,
strongly in fruit; 6 to 12 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad; one of each pair
usually smaller than the other; midrib very stout, prominently raised
on the lower, depressed and keeled on the upper, surface; main nerves
20 to 35 pairs, parallel, starting at right angles to the midrib and only
very slightly curving to meet in a looped intramarginal nerve, all very
indistinct, as are the reticulations; petiole stout, -4 to ‘8 in. long,
‘bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade, bases enlarged, fur-
nished with axillary glands, and those of each pair joined by a stipular
ridge. Cymes axillary, usually in pairs in the axils of the uppermost
pair of leaves but one, dichotomons, 12- to 16-flowered, corymbose ;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 455

peduncles very stout, 15 to 2:5 in. long; pedicels thick, curved, about
‘3 to ‘6 in. long; in fruit the non-fruiting pedicels caducous, leaving
broad prominent oblong scars; bracts small, entire, rounded; flowers
scented; buds clavate, with large obtuse heads, -3 in. in diameter.
Calyx-tube short, thick; lobes ovate, obtuse, :1 to ‘15 in. long, with
many small subulate glands in a row at the base within. Corolla-tube
cylindric, ‘5 in. long, slightly dilated at two-fifths of the way up,
funnel-shaped at the mouth, glabrous on both sides; lobes overlapping
to the left, folded in bud, oblong, obtuse, up to lin. long. Stamens
inserted at the dilatation; anthers linear, mucronate, ‘15 in. long;
pollen-grains globose with small protruded round knobs. Ovary of two
separate conical carpels; style short; stigma clavate, the apiculus
bifid. Follicles orange, 1 to 1:5 in. long, ‘5 in. broad, falcate, dorsal
edge straight, ventral edge much rounded, keels 3; beak long, usually
hooked. Seeds about 4 to 6, ovoid or rhomboid, enveloped in a scarlet
aril, deeply sulcate ventrally; testa crustaceous, ‘glandular, ridged
within; albumen copious. TZabernemontana polyneura, Scortechini
MS. in Herb. Cale.

PERAK: at Bujoy Malacca, Scortechint 1867. Matacca: Miller 9.

A very distinct plant, quite different in texture and appearance to any other
herein described, but coming near to Tabernemontana dichotoma, Roxb., of S. India
and Ceylon. The description is largely after Scortechini.

Tribe I1].—Ecuiripe2.
Subtribe 1.—PARsoNSIINZE.
15. Parsonsi4, Br.

Twining shrubs. Leaves opposite. Flowers small, white, in ter-
minal or axillary di- tri-chotomous cymes or thyrses. Calyx 5-partite,
eglandular or 5-scaled or minutely many-glandular at the base within.
Corolla tubular; tube short, cylindric or subglobose, naked at the
throat; lobes 5, slightly twisted, overlapping to the right. Stamens
inserted on the tube; filaments often twisted; anthers half-exsert,
oblong-lanceolate or linear, acute, conniving round the stigma and
adhering to it, the cells produced at the base into empty rigid appen-
dages. Disk of 5 lobes or scales. Ovary 2-celled; ovules many in
each cell; style filiform, dilated at the top, truncate; stigma columnar
or elongate-conic. rut cylindric, of two follicular mericarps, long
cohering but at length separating from the two placentas. Seeds linear
or oblong, attenuate and comose at the apex; albumen scanty; cotyle-
dons oblong-linear, flat; radicle superior—Distris. About 12 species,
of Tropical Asia, Australia and New Zealand.

456 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Filaments of the stamens twisted spirally around the style ;
corolla-lobes +2 in. long :—
Leaves more or less oblong, with 6 to 8 pairs of main nerves ;

corolla glabrous without; fruit 4to7in.long .. .. L. P. spiralis.
Leaves more or less ovate, with 10 to 12 pairs of main nerves;
corolla pubescent without ; fruit 2°5 to 3 in. long .. 2. P. Kunstlert.

Filaments of the stamens not twisted spirally around the style :—
Corolla-tube cylindric-urceolate, lobes spreading, ‘075 in.
long; disk deeply lobed; calyx-lobes with no or very small
scales at base within; main nerves of leaves 6 to 8 pairs .. 3. P. Stenocarpa.
Corolla-tube campanulate, lobes erect, :3 in. long; disk
entire or undulate; calyx-lobes with a broad thin scale at
base within; main nerves of leaves 8 to 10 pairs .. 4. P. penangiana.

1. Parsonsia sPiRALIs, Wall. Cat. 1631 (1828). An evergreen
twining glabrous shrub; branchlets terete. Leaves subcoriaceous
when green, membranous when dry ; ovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate,
shortly somewhat abruptly and often obliquely acuminate at apex,
acute or rounded at base; pale when dry, especially on the lower
surface; 3 to 7 in. long, 1:5 to 3-5 in. broad; midrib rather broad,
slightly raised beneath; main nerves 6 to 8 pairs, the lowest pair close
to the base, starting at an angle of about 60° and arching upwards to
anastomose near the margin; secondary nerves few, also the reticula-
tions ; petiole slender, -5 to 1 in. long, often twisted at base; stipular
glands small, subulate, the bases of each pair connected by a stipular
ridge. Cymes axillary, many-flowered, corymbose, 1:5 to 3 in. in
diameter; peduncles variable in length, 1 to 4 in. long; secondary
peduncles usually 3, ‘5 to 1 in. long; branches usually 3-chotomous ;
ultimate pedicels slender, about -25 in. long; bracts and bracteoles
small, ovate; flowers greenish or yellowish with a red centre; buds
clavate, with short tube and obtusely conical top. Calyx-tube short ;
lobes ovate, acute, ciliate, sparsely pubescent without, :1 in. long,
furnished with an ovate-acute sometimes bifid scale at the base of each
inside. Corolla-tube cylindric, ‘125 in. long, glabrous on both surfaces,
villous at the throat; lobes -2 in. long, oblong, acute, erect or spreading.
Disk-lobes triangular. Stamens inserted near the base of the tube; the
filaments spirally twisted together, sparsely pubescent; anther-tails
incurved at the base, anther-tips acuminate, hooked. Ovary ovoid,
glabrous; style slender; stigma columnar with a bifid apex and short
basal auricular ring. rwt linear-lanceolate, acuminate, 4 to 7 in. long,
‘75 in. broad, somewhat compressed, smooth, striate, glabrous. Seeds
‘) to ‘75 in. long, slender, enlarged below, narrowed and cut away on
one side above, and furnished with pale golden-brown coma, ‘75 to
15 in. long; cotyledons narrow, oblong, about ‘25 in. long; radicle

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 457

‘1 in. long, slender. A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 402; Kurz For. Fl. II. 180;
Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 650; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. ITI. 134; Cooke FI.
Bomb. IT. 135. P. oblonga, Wall. Cat. 1632; A. DC. lc. P. pauet-
flora and P. acwminata, Wall. Cat. 1633, 1684. Helygia javanica,
Blume Bijdr. 1043. Heligme javanica, A. DC. 1. c. 425; Mig. FI. Ind.
Bat. II. 429. HA. Kheediz, Wight Ic. t. 13803. Spirostemon spiralis,
Griff. Notul. IV. 80, t. 411, fig. 1. Aganosma concanensis, Hook. Ic.
Pl. t. 841. ‘ Kudici Kod,” Rheede Hort. Mal. IX. t. 9, 10.

Kepau: on Lankawi Island, Curtis; at Coah, Curtis 450, 2109.
Prenane: Wallich 1634; Curtis 1707. Pprax: Wray 2244. Manacca:
Maingay (K.D.) 1064. Stnearore: Wallich 1633; Lobb; Kunstler 69.
—Disrris. India, Ceylon, Burma, Malay Archipelago, China.

2. Parsonsia KunstuEri, King & Gamble, n. sp. A slender climbing
shrub; branchlets terete, pale to dark brown. Leaves membranous ;
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate at apex, rounded or acute at
base; yellowish-green when fresh with reddish nerves beneath, dark
brown and dull when dry, lower surface paler; sometimes slightly
puberulous, especially on the nerves beneath; 3 to 6 in. long, 1:5 to
3 in. broad; midrib slender, raised above and sinuate when dry, raised
beneath; main nerves 10 to 12 pairs, the lowest usually close to the
margin, starting at an angle of 60° and curving upwards to and along
the margin, raised on both surfaces when dry; secondary nerves few,
chiefly between the upper main nerves; reticulations obliquely trans-
verse, prominent on the lower surface; petiole slender, twisted, variable
in length from -25 to 1:25 in. long, the base swollen, those of each
pair joined by a nodal ridge with small acute stipular glands. Cymes
axillary, corymbose, many-flowered, 2-chotomous, reaching 7 in. in
length and about 3 in. in diam.; peduncles slender, curved, 3 to 5 in.
long; secondary peduncles usually 3, 1°65 to 2 in. long; cymules about 10-
to 12-flowered; pedicels slender, ‘15 to ‘25 in. long; bracteoles ovate-acute,
puberulous, ‘05 to ‘1 in. long; buds clavate, with short tube and conical
head; flowers dark yellow without, reddish within. Calyx-tube short ;
_ lobes ovate, acute, ciliate, pubescent without, -1 in. long, furnished each
with an ovate acute, sometimes emarginate scale at its base within.
Corolla-tube cylindric below, 15 in. long, pubescent without, villous
within at the mouth and between the filaments; lobes oblong, acute,
‘2 in. long, pubescent without, glabrous within. Dzsk-lobes triangular,
blunt; -025 in. long, glabrous. Stamens inserted near the base of the
tube; the filaments twisted, sparsely villous; anther-tails incurved at
the base, anther-tips blunt with a small membranous tip. Ovary ovoid,
glabrous; style slender; stigma columnar with a conical sometimes
bifid tip and basal spreading annular ring. /rwt linear-lanceolate,

458 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

acuminate, 2°5 to 3 in. long and -2 to ‘3 in. broad, glabrous, terete,
slightly compressed, the mericarps at length separating. Seeds slender,
‘4 to ‘5 in. long, narrowly linear, constricted above and acuminate
below, tipped with a 1 in. long coma of pale silky hairs; cotyledons
narrow ; radicle slender.

Perak: in low-lying localities, Kwnstler (King’s Collector) 1824, 5650.

3. PARSONSIA sTENOCARPA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A_ slender
twining shrub; branchlets terete, older somewhat channelled; innova-
tions minutely rusty-pubescent. Leaves membranous ; ovate-lanceolate
shortly acute at apex, cuneate or sometimes slightly rounded at base ;
both surfaces sparsely but minutely pubescent when young, glabrous
when old; margins recurved; 2 to 4 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad; midrib
slender; main nerves 6 to 8 pairs, slender, at about 50° with the mid-
rib, the lowest pair less, curving upwards to anastomose near the
margin, faint but apparent on the lower surface, as are the reticula-
tions; petiole variable in length, ‘25 to 1 in. long, slender, often twisted
near the base; stipular glands very small. Cymes axillary, few- (8-
to 10-) flowered, umbellate, pubescent; peduncles about 1 in. long;
pedicels slender, :2 in .long in flower, °3 in. long and rather thick in fruit ;
bracteoles minute, subulate; flowers light yellow; buds short, oblong-
conical. Calyx-tube very short; lobes ovate-acuminate, °125 in. long;
scales very small or none. Corolla-tube cylindric-urceolate, -15 in. long,
densely pubescent within in the upper part; lobes ovate-acuminate,
spreading, ‘075 in. long. Dzsk-lobes oblong, emarginate, ‘025 in. long.
Stamens inserted near the base of the corolla-tube; filaments slender,
radiating to the centre, but not spirally twisted; anthers hastate
acuminate, the tails spreading outwards. Ovary ovoid-conical; style
slender; stigma columnar with a bifid apiculus at tip and a ring at
base. rut linear, terete, 5 to 7 in. long, ‘2 in. broad, rather quickly
separating into two terete mericarps; placentas flat, very thin. Seeds
‘5 in. long, slender, slightly enlarged below, narrowed above and
furnished with a coma of golden-silky hairs about 1 in. long; cotyledons
oblong, ‘15 in. long; radicle slender, ‘1 in. long.

PERAK: Scortechimt 1292; Wray 3263; King’s Collector 6062—in
dense jungle, at 300 to 500 feet, clinging to trees.

P. curvisepala, K. Schum., of New Guinea, is very near this indeed, and scarcely
seems to differ, except in the greater hairiness, in the corolla-lobes being quite valvate
(Lyonsia?), and in the calyx-lobes being much recurved.

4. PARSONSIA PENANGIANA, King & Gamble, n. sp. . A climbing
shrub; branchlets slender, dark brown, terete, internodes long. Leaves
membranous; ovate, acuminate at apex, truncate or rounded at base ;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 459

both surfaces olivaceous brown, the lower the paler; margin slightly
recurved; 5 to 7'5 in. long, 3 to 4 in. broad; midrib slender, prominent
beneath; main nerves 8 to 10 pairs, the lowest pair close to the margin,
those succeeding gradually further apart to above the middle, at an
angle of 60° to 70° with the midrib, curving upwards to anastomose
near the margin; secondary nerves none; reticulations transverse,
distant, oblique ; petiole 1 to 1:25 in. long, slender, bordered above by
the decurrent margins of the blade. Cymes in axillary, corymbose,
puberulous panicles ; peduncle slender, 1:5 in. long, flattened; branches
few, also flattened but shorter; bracteoles ovate, acute; pedicels ‘1 to
‘2 in. long, slender; buds ovoid, acute; flowers yellowish-white. Calyzx-
tube short; lobes triangular-ovate, ‘075 in. long, bluntly acuminate,
ciliate, each with a broad short very thin scale nearly equalling the
base within. Corolla-tube campanulate, not at all constricted, ‘3 in.
long; lobes as long as tube, ovate-acute, the tip entire or notched,
pubescent without, glabrous within, except the shaggy-villous ring at
the insertion of the filaments. Stamens half-exsert, inserted a little
below the top of the tube; filaments long, shaggy-villous, curved
inwards to meet and then upwards but scarcely spiral; anthers long,
sagittate, the spurs much incurved, the tip membranous-apiculate.
Disk cylindrical, entire or slightly undulately lobed, 06 in. high, glabrous,
fully enclosing the carpels. Carpels rounded, glabrous, at first connate,
afterwards separating; style slender, conical above; stigma conical, with
a spreading ring below and short often bifid tip. Fruit unknown.
PENANG: at the Waterfall, Curitzs.

Curtis says this is a rare plant. It differs from the other species in the not con-
stricted campanulate corolla-tube, the very broad scale at the base of the calyx within,
and the entire cylindrical disk. When the fruit is known it may perhaps be found to
require a new genus.

16. VALuARIS, Burm.

Climbing or erect shrubs, or trees. Leaves opposite, minutely
dotted. Flowers white, in axillary fascicles or in dichotomous pseudo-
axillary cymes. Calyx 5-partite, glandular or not within; lobes narrow.
Corolla hypocrateriform or subrotate; throat naked; tube short; lobes
broad, contorted, overlapping to the right. Stamens inserted at the top
of the tube of the corolla, partly exsert; filaments short; anthers
sagittate, acuminate, conniving in a cone around and adherent to the
stigma; the connective furnished with a large or small dorsal gland;
cells with rigid basal spurs. Disk annular or cupular, with 5 lobes or
scales. Ovary of 2 carpels, which are at first connate; ovules many in
each carpel; style filiform; stigma thick, obscurely annular at base,
often 2-lobed at the tip. Fruit oblong, acuminate, separating into 2

460 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

follicular mericarps. Seeds biseriate, ovate, acuminate or beaked, the
apex furnished with a coma; albumen scanty or copious; cotyledons
thin or fleshy, large; radicle cylindric, superior.—Distris. Tropical
Asia, in India and Malaya; species 5 or 6.

A climbing shrub; flowers in branching cymes; anthers with a
large dorsal gland AO a¢ -. IL. V. Pergulana.
Shrubs or trees; flowers in fadeidles: —

Flowers large; leaves 3 to 4:5 in. long, ‘75 to 2 in. broad ;

anthers with a large dorsal gland .. .. 2 V. Maingayi.
Flowers small; leaves 1 to 2 in. long, °5 to 715i in. broad;
anthers with a small dorsal gland .. os .. 93. V. lancifolia.

1. Vauuaris Percutana, Burm. Fl. Ind. 51 (1768). <A climbing
shrub, with an unpleasant odour; branchlets terete, pale. brown.
Leaves membranous; broadly elliptic or obovate, abruptly and shortly
acute at apex, cuneate at base or sometimes rounded; both surfaces
glabrous, the lower sometimes puberulous especially on the nerves;
4 to 7 in. long, 3 to 4 in. broad; midrib slender, impressed above;
main nerves 7 to 9 pairs, at an angle of from 50° to 60° with the midrib,
straight at first, curving and anastomosing near the margin, the upper
ones meeting a looped nerve; secondary nerves very few; reticulations
transverse, prominent; petiole ‘75 to 1°5 in. long, slender. Cymes lax,
usually supra-axillary, puberulous, reaching 3 in. in length and 4 in. in
breadth; peduncles short, under ‘5 in. long; branches dichotomous ;
pedicels slender, ‘25 to ‘5 in. long; buds obovate, acute; flowers white.
Calyx-tube very short, pubescent without; lobes lanceolate, acuminate,
‘3 in. long, pubescent; glands very small, alternate with the lobes. Corolla-
tube hypocrateriform ; tube short, cylindric, ‘2 in. long, nearly glabrous ;
limb ‘35 in. long, cleft half-way down in ovate abruptly acuminate lobes,
pubescent on both sides. Dzsk of 5 rounded villous lobes, incurved at
tip. Stamens inserted near the top of the tube within; filaments thick,
partly decurrent; anthers sagittate, short-apiculate, exserted, -2 in.
long, the tails slender incurved, the dorsal surface with a large fleshy
glabrous rounded gland at the forking of the cells. Ovary rounded,
densely white-villous; style slender; stigma conical, with a rounded
tip and bifid apiculus. Frwt not known. A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 399;
Wight Ic. t. 429; Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 153 (V. Pergularia by error); Hook. f.
Fl. Br. Ind. II. 651. V. ovalts, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 427. Pergularia
glabra, Linn. Mant. 538. Emericia Pergularta, Roem. & Sch. Syst. IV.
401. Hchites hircosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. II. 18. ‘Flos Pergulanus,”
Rumph. Herb. Amb. V. 51, t. 29, fig. 2.

Mauacca: Griffith; Maingay (K.D.) 1063, cultivated. Lamina
India (Bengal ?), Ceylon, Malay Archipelago, Siam.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 461

2. Vatuaris Marneayi, Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. III. 651 (1882). A
large tree (Maingay), a tree 40 to 50 feet high (Curtis); branches stout,
with black bark; branchlets closely ringed with transverse cracks.
Leaves coriaceous; elliptic-lanceolate, obtusely acuminate at apex,
acuminate at base; upper surface dark greenish-brown, lower pale,
glabrous; 3 to 4:4 in. long, ‘75 to 2 in. broad; midrib slender, impressed
above; main nerves 5 to 6 pairs, prominent beneath, curving upwards
to and along the margin; secondary nerves and reticulations distinct
beneath; petiole °2 to 4 in. long, black. Flowers fascicled, 4 to 12
together in one of the axils of each pair of leaves, on alternate sides ;
the base of the fascicle forming a short tubercle; pedicels variable in
length, ‘2 to ‘5 in., slender or stout, slightly enlarged under the calyx;
bracts or bracteoles none; buds about ‘5 in. long, tube and conical head
of lobes about equal. Calyx-tube short; lobes ovate, acute, ciliate, ‘06 in.
long; glands alternate with the lobes, very small. Corolla-tube urceo-
late, ‘25 in. long, mouth constricted ; lobes broad, ovate-oblong, folded in
bud, °3 in. to -4 in. long, pubescent on the inner surface. Anthers half-
exserted, apiculate, hairy on the ventral surface, a line of hairs near the
tip on the dorsal surface; dorsal gland large. Disk annular, glabrous,
with 5 rounded lobes, ‘05 in. high. Ovary conical, pubescent, of two
combined carpels; style slender; stigma conical, ringed and hairy
below. Frwt not known.

Penane: at Batu Feringy and at Government Hill, 2,000 feet,
Curtis 1767, 2748. Manacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1084. Styeapore:
firdley 4917.

Havyiland’s 3050 from Kalong, Borneo, is clearly a species closely allied to this.

3. VALLARIS LANCIFOLIA, Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. ITI. 651 (1882). A
rather stiff epiphytic shrub; branches stout, dark greyish-brown, some-
what angled, studded with many conspicuous corky wart-like lenticels ;
branchlets very slender, pale grey, twiggy. Leaves chartaceous; ovate,
caudate-acuminate at apex, cuneate at base; glabrous on both surfaces;
1 to 2 in. long, ‘5 to ‘75 in. broad; midrib slender; main nerves very
oblique; inconspicuous, parallel, 8 to 10 pairs, joined by an intramarginal
slightly looped nerve; reticulations oblique, indistinct; petiole slender,
‘1 to -25 in. long. Cymes axillary, few-flowered, short (about ‘5 in.
long) ; peduncles about °1 to ‘2 in. long, slender; pedicels very slender,
‘25 in. long; bracteoles minute, ovate-acute; flowers white. Calyx-
lobes ovate, acute, ciliate, with 2 rounded fimbriate scales at the base of
each; tube as long as lobes. Corolla hypocrateriform; tube cylindric,
‘15 in. long, narrowed upwards, pubescent within; lobes linear-oblong,
‘2 in. long, villous at the throat. Dzsk 5-lobed; lobes erose. Stamens

462 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

inserted near the top of the tube; filaments slender; anthers half-
exsert, sagittate, the tip membranous, the spurs slender, rather short ;
dorsal gland narrow, inconspicuous. Ovary of 2 glabrous ovate carpels;
style slender, with a cup-shaped top; stigma almost globose, with a
short tip. Frwt not seen.

Penance: on Government Hill, 1,900 feet, Fox 33; Curtes 2146.
Perak: at Goping, King’s Collector 4273. Mauacca: Maingay (K.D.)
1102.

17. Porrsta, Hook. & Arn.

Climbing shrub. Leaves opposite, with distant nerves. Flowers
small, in lax large terminal and axillary trichotomous paniculate cymes.
Calyx small, 5-partite, with a ring of small glands within at the base of
each lobe. Corolla hypocrateriform; tube cylindric, constricted and
naked at the throat; lobes 5, overlapping to the right, only slightly
twisted, spreading. Stamens inserted at the mouth of the corolla-tube ;
filaments short; anthers exsert, sagittate, connivent in a cone round
the stigma; cells with basal empty spurs. Dzsk annular, deeply 5-lobed.
Ovary of 2 distinct carpels; style thickened in the middle, attenuate at
base and under the ovoid-conical stigma; ovules many in each carpel.
Fruit of two follicular mericarps, which are thin, terete, subtorulose.
Seeds linear, elongate, not beaked, with a deciduous coma; albumen
copious; cotyledons linear, flat; radicle superior.— Distr1p. One
species, Indian and Malayan.

PotTsIA CANTONENSIS, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 199, t. 43
(1836). A large climbing shrub; branches terete, cylindric; branchlets
and innovations puberulous. Leaves membranous; ovate or elliptic-
ovate, acuminate (usually abruptly and obtusely) at apex, rounded or
subcordate at base; glabrous above, also beneath except for slight
pubescence along the midrib; 2 to 4 in. long, 1 to 25 in. broad; midrib
slender, much raised beneath; main nerves 5 to 6 pairs, distant, curved
upwards to and along the margin; reticulations in a fine net-work;
petiole slender, ‘75 to 1 in. long, minutely pubescent, the bases of each
pair joined in a thin ridge at the nodes. Inflorescence 4 to 6 in. long,
6 to 10 in. broad at top; of trichotomous panicles ending in corymbose
drooping cymes; primary peduncles 2 to 4 in. long, slender; secondary
1 to 2 in. long; rest slender, all rusty puberulous or glabrate; pedicels
very slender, ‘5 in. long; basal bracts leafy; bracteoles minute, ovate,
ciliate, caducous; buds slender, clavate; flowers pink. Calyx-tube very
short; lobes ovate, each with 1 to 4 minute scales at the base inside.
Corolla-tube cylindric-campanulate, slightly constricted at mouth, -15
to ‘2 in. long; lobes spreading, ovate, ‘15 in. long, 3-nerved, margins
recurved. Anthers sagittate, smooth on the back with a very small

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 463

gland near the apex, which is often hooked; basal cells slender, in-
curved; filaments pubescent, decurrent inside the corolla-tube in a
white-pubescent ridge to a little way above the base. Dzsk-lobes linear-
subulate, ‘1 in. long. Ovary-carpels short, oblong, pubescent at top;
stigma obscurely ribbed. ollicles very slender, 1 foot long, flexuous,
smooth, thinly coriaceous. Seeds black, very slender, glabrous, flat,
1 in. long, ‘075 in. broad, enlarged at the apex where they bear the
coma; coma white, 1 to 1:5 in. long; albumen thin; cotyledons linear-
oblong; radicle slender. Benth. Fl. Hongk. 222; Kurz For. FI. IL.
190, and Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 255; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II.
450. P. ovata, A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 442. P. Hookerzana, Wight Ic.
t. 1306b¢s. Parsonsia ovata, Wall. Cat. 1630. Teysmannia laxiflora
and Hookeriana, Mig. l.c. 455, 456; and Parapotisia, Addenda 1080.
Vallaris laxiflora, Blume Bijdr. 1043. Huthodon pamculata, Griff.
Notul. IV. 84; Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 458, fig. 2.

Kepau: Fidley. Prenanea: Curtis 820. Prrax: Wray 1904;
Scortechint 1287, 1289; Curtis 3337; King’s Collector 1318, 4657, 5532,
10292, 10988. Matacca: Griffith; Maingay (K.D.) 1095. — Disrris.
India (E. Bengal and Assam), Burma, Java, S. China.

18. WrieutTtas, Br.

Shrubs or small trees, with often slender branches. Leaves oppo-
site, penniveined. Flowers red, white, or yellowish, in terminal
or pseudo-axillary corymb-like cymes. Calyx short, 5-partite, with
glands or scales inside; lobes obtuse. Corolla hypocrateriform ; tube
cylindric, usually short, usually slightly constricted at the throat ;
lobes 5, overlapping to the left; the throat or the lower part of the
lobes usually (absent in W. relzgiosa) furnished with a corona of 5 to
10 scales, which are often lobed or fimbriate, and either distinct or
connate ina ring. Stamens inserted on the mouth of the tube; fila-
ments short, dilated; anthers exserted (almost included in W. dubza),
sagittate, conniving around and adhering to the stigma; cells usually
near the summit, base produced in solid spurs. Disk 0. Ovary of 2
free or connate, many-ovuled, carpels; style filiform; stigma ovoid,
with usually a toothed basal ring. Fruit of 2 connate or distinct
follicular mericarps. Seeds linear, attenuate at the apex, base with a
deciduous coma; albumen scanty or 0; cotyledons broad, convolute ;
radicle short, superior.—Distris. Tropical Asia and Australia; about
10 species.

Throat of corolla furnished with a corona of scales or fringes :—

Corona-seales 10, 5 alternate with lobes of corolla, free,
2-lobed ; 5 opposite those lobes, adnate below, free above,

464 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

3-lobed; leaves and inflorescence very tomentose; follicles

connate 5: : -. L. W. javanica.
Corona-scales many, fiibante fain the hanes “eaves and
inflorescence glabrous ; follicles connate bt 2. W. levis.

Corona-scales 5, small, alternate with the lobes of the corel’
not lobed; stamens almost included; flowers large; leaves
scarcely pubescent; follicles distinct, connate at the ae

only ie : .. 3. W. dubia.
Throat of corolla without 2 a corona ; dawere very ate as are
also the leaves; pedicels capillary; follicles distinct .. 4. W. religiosa.

1. Wrigutria gavanica, A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 405 (1844). A small
tree, reaching a height of 40 feet and a diameter of 12 to 14 in.
(Curtis); branchlets slender, tomentose, as are the innovations and
linear leaf-buds. Leaves membranous; elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate,
abruptly and obtusely acuminate at apex, acute at base; upper surface
minutely pubescent, glabrate when old; lower surface densely tomen-
tose with ferruginous hairs; 3 to 5 in. long, 1 to 2°5 in. broad; midrib
rather broad, scarcely raised; main nerves 10 to 12 pairs, nearly
straight, reddish and sufficiently conspicuous beneath; reticulations
obscure; petiole -25 in. long, densely tomentose. Cymes terminal,
tomentose, 1 to 1:5 in. long and 2 to 3 in. broad, many- (about 15- to
20-) flowered; peduncle none, or about -25 in. long; branches 3-choto-
mous, about -4 in. long; pedicels slender, ‘2 to -3 in. long; bracteoles
minute, subulate; buds clavate, the tube short, the head ovoid, inflated,
often ‘5 to ‘6 in. long and ‘2 to -3 in. broad; flowers pale waxy-white with
greyish centre. Calyx-lobes ovate, acute, glabrous within, -0d in. long ;
glands 2 to each lobe, elliptic, the two nearly covering the inside of the
lobe. Corolla-tube short, -15 in. long, slightly constricted at mouth.
glabrous within; lobes oblong, rounded, ‘d in. long, at last spreading,
puberulous on both surfaces. Scales 10; 5 alternate with corolla-lobes,
free, inserted at base, *2 to *3 in. long, entire or bifid at apex, villous ;
5 opposite the corolla-lobes, upper free part inserted nearly half-way up,
very short and 2- to 3-lobed, villous, lower part adnate to the tube,
glabrous or pubescent, twice as broad as the free ones. Anthers hard,
stiff, pubescent, ‘25 in. long, apiculus penicillate ; filaments very short,
thick, sometimes furnished behind with 2 minute subulate glands.
Fruit 10 to 12 in. long, rough, prominently beaked ; follicles connate.
Seeds very slender, about 6 in. long, excavate above ; testa thin, striate ;
coma white, silky, 1-5 to 2 in. long; cotyledons broadly ovate, cordate,
convolute, ‘25 in. long, with prominent nerves; radicle short, stout,
‘075 to ‘lin. long. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 482; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. I.
112. W. pubescens, Blume Bijdr. 1041 not of Br.

Kepax: at 300 to 500 feet, King’s Collector 1762, Tonexa: Curtis

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 465

3054. Province WELLESLEY: at Tassek Glugor, Curtis 3738. —
Distris. Java (Koorders 13799, 13800, 13802, 14232).

In appearance this species would at first sight be taken for W. tomentosa, Roem.
& Sch., but it is distinguished by the larger buds, shorter corolla-tube, and, above all,
by the quite different corona-scales.

2. WrigHTrA L&vis, Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. III. 654 (1882). A
glabrous shrub or small tree, reaching 15 to 20 feet in height ; branchlets
slender, terete, very pale brownish-yellow. Leaves membranous; elliptic
or elliptic-oblong, abruptly caudate-acuminate at apex, cuneate at base ;
shining above, dull and pale beneath, blueish when dry; 3 to 6 in. long,
1 to 3 in. broad; midrib slender, raised and usually nearly white
beneath; main nerves 4 to 7 pairs, the lowest pair very near the margin,
all arching upwards to and along the margin; secondary nerves and
transverse reticulations pale, forming an elegant network especially
conspicuous below ; petiole very short, ‘1 to ‘2 in. long. Cymes corym-
bose, 3-chotomous, pseudo-terminal, about 2 in. long and 2:5 in. broad ;
peduncles flattened, up to about 1 in. long; secondary peduncles also
flattened, -25 to 3 in. long; pedicels slender, ‘5 to -75 in. long, often
deflexed; bracteoles minute, ovate-lanceolate ; flower-buds ovoid; flowers
about ‘d in. in diameter, blood-red (Maingay). Calyx-tube very short ;
lobes ovate, rounded, ciliolate, nerved, ‘06 in. long, each with 1 to 2
minute scales near the base. Corolla-tube very short, ‘05 in. long,
glabrous; lobes oblong, minutely pubescent, :25 in. long; corona-scales
fimbriate from the base, laciniz glabrous, ‘2 in. long. Stamens exsert;
filaments very short, thick; anthers sagittate, the connective villous on
both sides; cells near the top only, very short. Ovary ovoid, glabrous ;
style slender, with an obconic top; stigma short, rounded. Jollicles
7 to 8 in. long, connate, slender. Seeds very long (1°5 in.), slender,
glabrous, striate.

Poona@aH : Curtis 2943. Prrax: at 300 ft., Wray 3504 ; Scortechine
63, 77; Kung’s Collector 8614. Mauacca: on Mount Ophir, Maingay
(K.D.) 1065. Senancor: Aidley 7566, at Ginting Bidaii—Disrrinp.
Sumatra (forbes 2605).

3. WRIGHTIA DUBIA, Spr. Syst. Veg. I. 638 (1825). A shrub, 2 to 8
feet high; branches stout, lenticellate ; branchlets also thick, terete,
pale brown, innovations minutely pubescent. Leaves chartaceous ;
oblong- or obovate-lanceolate, acuminate at apex, attenuate at base,
sometimes almost rounded; dull on both surfaces, on the upper scabe-
rulous, scarcely pubescent, dark, paler beneath; 3 to 6 in. long, 1 to
1:5, rarely to 2, in. broad ; midrib slender, smooth, pale, prominently raised
beneath ; main nerves 8 to 12 pairs, the lowest very close to the margin,

466 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula

the rest at irregular distances but rather oblique, arching upwards to
and along the margin; secondary nerves few, reticulations distinct, all
pale and easily seen on the lower surface; petiole extremely short,
0 to -2 in. long. Cymes axillary and pseudo-terminal, few- (1- to 6-)
flowered, secund; peduncles very short; pedicels pubescent, -25 in.
long ; bracteoles very small, pubescent, ovate-acute, sheathing the
bases of the pedicels and at intervals along them; buds oblong-ovoid
or fusiform, 1 to 1:5 in. long; flowers scarlet, orange without. Calyz-
tube short; lobes ovate-acute, ciliolate, otherwise glabrous, °125 in.
long, 3 of them with two small, thin, rounded, membranous, lobed
scales at base, the scales one-third to one-half the length of the lobes.
Corolla hypocrateriform ; tube campanulate, °25 to °35 in. long; lobes
spreading, *4 to ‘5 in. long, linear-oblong or -acuminate, glabrous on
both surfaces as in the tube; mouth with 5 small, ligulate, rounded,
corona-scales alternate with the lobes and sometimes joined by a
slightly thickened ridge. Stamens only slightly exsert; filaments very
broad; anthers sagittate, produced in a short membranous tip, the
basal spurs straight or curved; connective faintly pubescent on the
back. Ovary glabrous, conical; style thick, -1 in. long; stigma conical,
with an annular ring. follicles distinct, at first cohering at the apex,
8 to 12 in. long, :25 in. broad, acuminate, striate. Seeds linear, ‘75 in.
long, pointed at both ends, the lower furnished with a long, deciduous,
white, silky coma; testa thin, striate; albumen very thin; cotyledons
convolute, cordate, -25 in. long; radicle cylindric, -15 in. long. Came-
raria dubsa, Sims Bot. Mag. t. 1646 (1814). Strophanthus Jackianus,
Wall. Cat. 1643; A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 419; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 442;
Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 655; Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1521; Pax in Engl. Bot.
Jahrb. XV. 380; Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, 3, Sér. v. 260;
Gilg in Engl. Monog. 12.

TRANG: in open jungle, on hilly ground at 200 to 300 ft., Kunstler
1400. Junxsrynon (Tongka): Curtis. Prnana: Jack; Wallich 1643 ;
Curtis 188.

We consider that this species is rightly placed in this genus rather than in
Strophanthus, on account of the structure of the seeds, but the stamens are much less
exsert than is usual in Wrightia, and the corona-lobes are not cleft. There is in
the Kew Herbarium an excellent drawing of a flowering and fruiting branch by Mrs.
Hutton.

Curtis’s No. 2915, from Junkseylon (Tongka), marked Strophanthus sp., an erect
shrub 4 to 5 ft. high, with brick-red flowers, has exactly the flowers of Wrightia dubia,
but the leaves are membranous, elliptic, short-acuminate at apex, cuneate at base,
7°5 in. long, and 2°75 in. broad. It cannot, however, be separated as a species, and
may be called var. membranifolia, King & Gamble.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 467

4, WRIGHTIA RELIGIOSA, Benth. in Gen. Pl. II. 713 (1876). A small
shrub or tree; branches stiff, grey ; branchlets also stiff, twiggy, innova-
tions scabrous-papillose. Leaves membranous, small; ovate-lanceolate,
obtusely acuminate at apex, cuneate at base, those of young shoots
linear-oblong; glabrous on the upper surface except for the crisped
pubescence on the midrib, glabrous on the lower, the midrib only
slightly pubescent; -5 to 1:5 in. long, ‘3 to -7 in broad, those of the
shoots 2 to 2°5 in. long and ‘d in. broad; midrib slender, crisped-
pubescent ; main nerves about 4 pairs (shoot-leaves up to 10 pairs or
more), curved upwards to join in a faint intramarginal nerve ; secondary
nerves and reticulations inconspicuous; petiole slender, scarcely -1 in.
long. Cymes terminal, few- (up to 12-) flowered; main peduncles fairly
stout, flattened, -2 in. long; secondary peduncles 1 to 4, about -1 in.
long; pedicels capillary, ‘5 to ‘7 in. long, curved and twisted; bracteoles
minute, ovate; buds ovate-oblong; flowers white. Calyx-lobes ovate,
acute, ciliate, with a few (about 5) blackish scales near the top of the
tube inside. Corolla-tube cylindric, glabrous, -15 in. long; lobes ovate-
orbicular, very thin, nervose, ‘25 to ‘3 in. long, glabrous; corona-scales
none. Stamens long-exsert; filaments rather slender, ‘1 in. long;
anthers linear-lanceolate, cells near the summit, connective thickened.
Ovary ovoid, glabrous; style slender; stigma conical. follicles
straight, linear, terete, 3 to 6 in. long, divergent at an angle of about
20° to 40°. Seeds linear, 3 to -4 in. long, somewhat blunt at both ends,
furnished below with a white silky coma 1 to 1°5 in. long; testa
striate, faintly puberulous. Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 653; Kurz For.
Fl. 1.194. EHchites relagiosa, Teysm. & Binnend. Hort. Bogor. 126.

SIAMESE STATES: at Kasoom, Curtis 3241. Manacca: Maingay
(K.D.) 1071. Sryearore: J. Anderson 115; Maingay (K.D.) 3334;
cultivated only.—Distris. Siam (Schomburgk 132); Tenasserim.

Subtribe 2.—NERIIN2.
19. SrropHantuHus, DC.

Small trees or shrubs; often climbing. Leaves opposite, penni-
veined. Flowers usually large, in terminal cymes. Calyx 5-partite, scales
5 to many within at the base of the lobes. Corolla funnel-shaped; tube
short, campanulate or urceolate at the mouth and furnished with 10
free or connate corona-scales*; lobes 5, twisted, overlapping to the
right, sometimes produced in long or short tails, rarely ovate-acute.
Stamens inserted at the top of the tube, included; filaments short ;

* The corona-scales may be either considered as 10, free or connate; or as 5, often
cleft to the base.
6

468 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

anthers sagittate, more or less acuminate or produced in a long bristle,
connivent around the stigma and adhering to it; cells pollen-bearing
near the top only, produced at the base in empty spurs. Dzsk none.
Carpels 2, distinct; style slender; stigma thick, columnar or conical
with a membranous reflexed frill at the base, tip simple or bifid; ovules
many in each carpel, many-seriate. Frwt of two follicular mericarps,
oblong or elongate, hard, divergent or divaricate. Seeds compressed,
fusiform, narrowed into a long, feathery-plumose point, base with a
deciduous coma; albumen scanty, fleshy; cotyledons oblong, plano-
convex. — Distris. Tropical and South Africa and Tropical Asia ;
about 40 species.

Lobes of the corolla exceeding the tube in length :—
Lobes of the corolla more than 1 in. long; main nerves of
leaves conspicuous; corona-scales faleate-acuminate :—
Leaves 3 to 5 in. long; calyx-lobes acuminate from an

ovate base, ‘25 in. long ; bracts short 58 . 1. 8S. dichotomus.
Leaves 1:5 to 3 in. long; calyx-lobes subulate- lanceolate,
‘5 in. long; bracts long, similar to calyx-lobes . 2. 8. Wallichii.
Lobes of the corolla scarcely :75 in. long, blunt at tip; main
nerves very obscure; corona-scales a short crenatefold .. 3. S. perakensis.

Lobes of the corolla almost as long as the tube; leaves 2- to
4 in. long; main nerves conspicuous; corona-scales linear-
falcate ; calyx-lobes ovate-acute, ‘1 in. long. a: .. 4. S. singaporianus.

1. STROPHANTHUS DiIcHOTOMUS, DC. in Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris ITI.
123 (1802). An erect or straggling sarmentose shrub, 9 to 10 ft. high ;
branches stout, as are the branchlets; bark of branchiets dark brown
with prominent lenticels. Leaves chartaceous, often membranous when
dry, elliptic, elliptic-oblong or -obovate, more or less abruptly shortly
acuminate at apex, cuneate at base; both surfaces glabrous; margins
recurved ; 3 to 5 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad; midrib prominent, impressed
above, raised beneath; main nerves 8 to 9 pairs, impressed above,
raised beneath, starting at an angle of about 70° with the midrib and
slightly curved upwards to meet in a prominent intramarginal looped
nerve at a little distance from the edge; secondary nerves few, between
the main nerves; reticulations oblique, impressed above; petiole ‘25 in.
long, articulate. Cymes dichotomous; peduncle short, stout, up to
‘5 in. long; branches short, corymbose, with ovate-acuminate, cadu-
cous bracts about -15 in. long; pedicels stout, -3 to ‘5 in. long; bracts
small, ovate-acute; flowers whitish or greenish with dark purple
corolla-tails. Calyx with very short tube; lobes glabrous, acuminate
from an ovate base, -25 in. long, furnished within at the base with a
pair of ovate-acute, entire or bifid scales. Corolla-tube slightly cylindric
at first, then funnel-shaped, °75 in. long; lobes rounded at first, ‘5 in.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 469

long, ending in very long, up to 4 in. or more, slender tails; corona-
scales alternate with the lobes, cleft nearly to the base, divisions linear-
faleate on a broad base ‘2 to ‘25 in. long. Anthers pubescent on the
back; tips produced in a very long, slender bristle; filaments broad,
decurrent within the tube. Ovary glabrous; style stout, upper part
rugose; stigma with a reflexed fringe. follicles very large, divergent,
about 8 in. long by 2 in. broad, broadest at the base where united,
tapering to a broad rounded point. Seeds compressed, fusiform, -7 in.
long, produced in a long beak, the upper part of which, about 1 in.
long, is furnished with a brush-like coma of white silky hairs, 1 in. long
or more; testa thin, dark brown; albumen very thin; cotyledons
oblong, somewhat auricled at base, 4 in. long, 15 in. broad; radicle
cylindric, ‘25in. long. A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 417; Bl. Bijdr. 1044; Mig.
Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 441; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. ITI. 655. ‘S. Horsfieldianus,
Mig. l.c. 442. S. scandens, Roem. & Sch. Syst. IV. 412. 8S. longi-
caudatus and S. Griffithit, Wight Ic. t. 1299, 1800; Mig. l.c. 442.
S. caudatus, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. 257 and For. FI. II.
191; Pax in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XV. 263; Franchet in Nouy. Arch. Mus.
Paris, 3° sér. V. 263; Gilg in Engl. Monog. 16. _ S. pentaphyllus, Griff.
Notul. IV. 78. Hchites caudata, Burm. Fl. Ind. 68, t. 26. Neriwm
caudatum, Lamk. Dict. III. 458.

Perak: Wray 1668, 3306; Scortechini 1819, 1740; King’s Collector
3896, 8628. Manacca: Griffith; Maingay (K.D.) 1073; Lobb.—
Distris. Tenasserim, Java.

2. StropHantHus Wawuicnu, A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 418 (1844). A
climbing glabrous shrub; branchlets slender, terete, bark brown with
many prominent lenticels. Leaves membranous; elliptic-oblong or
-obovate, abruptly and shortly acuminate at apex, cuneate to almost
rounded at base, plicately folded when young; upper surface dull, dark,
lower surface pale; margins undulate, recurved; 1:5 to 3 in. long, ‘75 to
1-25 in. broad; midrib prominent, flattened beneath, slightly impressed
above; main nerves 7 to 8 pairs, at an angle of about 60° with the midrib,
curving upwards to join in an intramarginal looped nerve well within
the margin ; secondary nerves and reticulations in an elegant network ;
all, with the main nerves and midrib, prominent on the under surface by
_ their colour darker than that of the tissue; petiole slender, -25 in. long.

Cymes dichotomous, spreading, reaching 3 in. long and 3 in. in breadth
at the corymbose top; main peduncles 1 to 1:5 in. long; secondary
peduncles about 4, up to 1 in. long; tertiary peduncles and pedicels
slender, about -25 in. long; bracts or bracteoles at each joint in pairs
similar to the calyx-lobes, linear-lanceolate, recurved, -25 to °35 in. long,
minutely pubescent; flower-buds slender; flowers pink or yellow with

470 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

faint reddish stripes. Calyx-lobes subulate-lanceolate, ‘5 in. long, re-
flexed in flower, minutely pubescent; scales at base very minute, often
wanting. Corolla-tube cylindric-funnel-shaped, as long as the calyx-
lobes ; lobes ovate acuminate, produced into slender tails reaching 2 to 3
in. long; corona-scales cleft to the base, each half faleate acuminate,
about ‘15 to -2in. long. Anthers very narrow, produced in long slender
soft awns up to ‘5 in. long, the awns twisted together in the flower,
connective on the back and lower part of awns minutely pubescent ;
filaments broad, decurrent half-way down the tube. Ovary glabrous,
depressed ; style slender, slightly pubescent. Mruit not known. Pax
in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XV. 378; Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, 3°
sér. V. 268; Gilg in Engl. Monog.. 16; Hook.f. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 655; Mig.
Fl. Ind. Bat. I]. 442; Prain Beng. Plants 677. S.dichotomus, Wall. Cat.
1641; Wight Ic. t. 599; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 759; Grah. in Maund Bot.
III. t. 150. S. cauwdatus, Kurz For. Fl. Il. 193. Nerzwm caudatum,
Roxb. Fl. Ind. IT. 9; Burm. FI. Ind. t. 26.

JUNKSEYLON IsuAND (Tongka): Curtis 2931. Trane: King’s Col-
lector 1887 or 1397 (?).—Disrris. India (Circars, Khasia Hills, Chitta-
gong and Tenasserim).

3. STROPHANTHUS PERAKENSIS, Scortechini MS. in Herb. Cale. A
slender climber; branchlets slender, glabrous, lenticellate. Leaves
thinly coriaceous when green, membranous when dry, glabrous; elliptic-
oblong, acuminate at apex, acute at base; both surfaces somewhat pale,
the lower paler; margins crispate, slightly recurved ; 2 to 3-5 in. long,
‘75 to 1 in. broad; midrib thick, impressed above, prominently raised
beneath ; main nerves very obscure, 10 to 12 pairs, leaving the midrib at
an angle of about 70° and nearly straight, joining near the margin in a
very faint intramarginal looped nerve; reticulations not visible; petiole
‘25 in. long, channelled above and bordered by the decurrent margins of
the blade. Cymes slender, few-flowered, about 1 in. long and 1 in. in
diam., trichotomous; peduncle 25 to ‘5 in. long; secondary peduncles
rather shorter, bearing 3 terminal flowers ; pedicels slender, pubescent,
about ‘1 in. long; bracts and bracteoles in pairs at all nodes, ovate and
dark red at base, long acuminate, ‘15 to ‘2 in. long; buds slender, fusi-
form ; flowers yellowish-green. Calyx-lobes ovate-lanceolate, acuminate,
‘2 in. long, the three inner with two minute obtuse scales at the base
within. Corolla-tube urceolate, constricted at the mouth, as long as the
calyx-lobes ; lobes ovate-cordate at base, long acuminate with a blunt tip,
‘5 to ‘7 in. long; corona-scales cleft to the base, scarcely more than a
short crenate fold. Stamens included; filaments short, decurrent half-
way to the base of the tube and ending in an obtuse spur; anthers
sagittate, the connective produced in a soft pubescent tip as long as the

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 471

anthers, pubescent on the back. Ovary ovoid, glabrous; style thick,
rough; stigma cylindric with a short fringe below and a point at the
apex. fruit not seen.

Perak: at Dipong, Scortechim 1818.

4, STROPHANTHUS SINGAPORIANUS, Gilg in Engl. Monog. 11 (1903).
A straggling shrub; branchlets slender, brown, thickly covered with
white lenticels. Leaves elliptic or elliptic-oblong, abruptly and shortly
acuminate at apex, acute at base; dull on the upper surface and dark
brown when dry, paler on the lower; margins crispately undulate,
recurved ; 2 to 4 in. long, 1:5 to 2 in. broad; midrib stout, impressed
above, prominently raised beneath; main nerves 6 to 8 pairs, starting
at an angle of about 70° and curving upwards to meet in an intramar-
ginal deeply looped nerve ; secondary nerves and reticulations well-
marked beneath; petiole ‘25 to 4 in. long, bordered by the decurrent
margins of the blade. Cymes dichotomous on a peduncle -25 to I in.
long, reaching 2 in. in length and about 2 in. broad at the corymbose
top; branch peduncles and pedicels rather stout, of varying length,
pedicels greatly enlarged in fruit; bracts and bracteoles in pairs at all
nodes, ovate-acute, about -15 in. long; buds clavate, flowers purple.
Calyzx-lobes ovate-acute, glabrous, ‘lin. long, inner three furnished with
2 to 4 small glands at the base inside. Corolla-tube cylindric, some-
times a little constricted at the mouth, :25 in. long; lobes as long as tube,
ovate-acute, campanulate ; corona-scales linear-falcate, cleft to the base,
‘lin. long. Anthers produced in slender soft filiform awns ; filaments
pubescent, flattened, decurrent about half-way down the corolla-tube.
Ovary ovoid, glabrous; style pubescent. follicles 8 in. long by -5 to
‘75 in. broad, base broad, middle slightly turgid, then tapering to a long
hard curved point; divergent so as to lie in the same straight line; peri-
carp terete, smooth. Seeds oblong-lanceolate, ‘75 to 1 in. long, ‘1 in.
broad, pointed above, produced below in a long feathery plumose point ;
the coma white, soft; testa*pale-brown, puberulous. S. brevicaudatus,
Wight Ic. t. 1802 (1850); Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 656; Kurz For. FI.
III. 191 and Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 257; Pax in Engl. Bot.
Jahrb. XV. 380; Franchet in Nouy. Arch. Mus. Paris, 3° sér. V. 259.
Cercocoma singaporiana, Wall. Cat. 1623; G. Don Gen. Hist. Dichl.
Pl. LY. 83; A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 432; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 445.
Mauacca: Groffith; Maingay (K.D.) 1072; Derry 528. SrNcapore:
Wallach 1623; Lobb; Kurz; Ridley 6040, 9149 ; King’s Collector 1191.—
Distris. Mergui (?), Borneo (Haviland 1770, Beccart 797 ; Motley).

472 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

Subtribe 3.—EcHITIDIN2.
20. Urcroua, Roxb.

Large climbing shrubs. Leaves opposite, penninerved. lowers
small, in dense corymbosely panicled cymes at the ends of the branch-
lets. Calyx 5-partite, without glands within; lobes oblong or linear.
Corolla urceolate or subglobose; throat naked; lobes 5, short, valvate,
subinduplicate. Stamens attached to the base of the corolla, included ;
filaments very short; anthers sagittate, scarcely acuminate, connivent
around the stigma and adhering to it at their middle; cells produced at
the base in empty spurs. Dzsk cupular or annular, truncate or shortly
5-lobed. Ovary of 2 distinct carpels, longer than the disk, many-ovuled;
style short; stigma oblong-conic, subannulate at the base. Prt of 2
spreading follicular mericarps, thick and acuminate or elongate, con-
tracted or not between the seeds. Seeds oblong or linear, compressed,
villous; tip contracted, bearded with long persistent brown hairs and
crowned with a long white deciduous coma; albumen scanty; cotyledons
flat, foliaceous ; radicle short—Distris. Malay Peninsula and Archi-
pelago; about 7 to 8 species.

Follicles straight, even, terete, slender, not constricted between
the seeds :—
Follicles in one line or very slightly curved either way :—
Leaves rusty-pubescent beneath; calyx-lobes linear, -1 to
‘15 in. long, much recurved se Dc .. L. U. elastica.
Leaves nearly or quite glabrous beneath :—
Leaves somewhat glaucous beneath; calyx-lobes broad

obtuse, little recurved; corolla urceolate .. .. 2. U. Maingayi.
Leaves reddish-brown beneath ; calyx-lobes ovate, very
small, under 05 in. long; corolla globose .. .. 3. U. brachysepala.
Follicles recurved ; leaves red-brown beneath when ae calyx-
lobes longer than piel fe 4. U. malaccensis.

Follicles poniard-shaped, thickened in tthe joie re gage
pointed above; calyx-lobes very short; leaves red-brown when

aig ta 4 d. U. lucida.
Follicles dornlase) Giiceened opera the seeds sid paneuerel
between them ; leaves red-brown when dry ve -. 6. U. torulosa.

SPECIES IMPERFECTLY KNowN: 7. U. reticulata. 8. U. sp.

1. UrncEoua ELASTICA, Roxb. in As. Res. V. 167 (1799) with fig. (excl.
fruit). A large climbing shrub; branches thick, with dark brown bark ;
branchlets slender, often flexuose, innovations pubescent. Leaves cori-
aceous, ovate or elliptic-ovate, abruptly acuminate at apex, rounded
at base; upper surface glabrous except on the midrib and main nerves,
lower rusty-pubescent, but reddish brown when dry; margin strongly

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 473

recurved, often with thicker pubescence beneath; 4 to 7 in. long, 2 to 3-5
in. broad ; midrib stout, slightly impressed above ; main nerves 10 to 12
pairs, strongly marked beneath, slightly impressed above, at an angle of
about 60° with the midrib, straight at first and then curving and anasto-
mosing near the margin; secondary nerves none; reticulations transverse,
fairly regular; petiole -5 to 1 in. long, rusty-pubescent, twisted at the
base, the bases of each pair joined by a ridge at the node. Inflorescence
finely rusty-pubescent, trichotomous, up to 12 in. long and 8 in. broad ;
main branch peduncles 2 to 2°5 in. long; secondary branch peduncles
1 to 15 in. long; cymules terminal, corymbose or subumbellate,
many- and densely-flowered, 05 to -1 in. long ; bracts leaf-like; bracteoles
linear-subulate, -1 to -25 in. long; flowers very small. Calyzx-tube short;
lobes linear, -1 to -15 in. long, recurved. Corolla urceolate, tube -05 in.
long, glabrous within, except a tuft of refiexed hairs between the
stamens; lobes oblong, a little longer than the tube. Anthers
acuminate, pollen-cells at the top; filaments broad, short, minutely
pubescent. Ovary globose, pubescent; style short; stigma conical.
Follicles connected at the base, straight, horizontal or sometimes
recurved, cylindric, acuminate, brown-velvety-pubescent when young,
smooth and glabrous when old, about 6 in. long and -3 in. broad. Seeds
linear-oblong, 5 in. long, flattened, surmounted by a ring of tawny
bristles, from the centre of which arises a coma of white silky hairs
1-5 to 2 in. long; testa slightly tawny-villous; albumen very scanty;
cotyledons oblong; radicle rather long. A. DC. Prod. VIII. 358;
Wight Ic. t. 473 (excel. figure and description of frutt); Mig. Fl. Ind.
Bat. Il. 416; Hook f. Fl. Br. Ind. II. 656. Tabernemoniana elastica,
Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1.639. ? Vahea gummifera, Poir Dict. Suppl. V. £09.
Penane : Roxburgh (Howison and C. Campbell) ; Curtis 823 ; King’s
Collector 1749. Prrax: Wray 595, 1812, 2308, 2599, 4273 ; King’s Col-
lector 2241, 2447, 3597, 4239, 4886, 5061, 7567, 10348. SELaNcor:
Goodenough 10600. Manacca: Griffith ; Maingay (K.D.) 1058, 1091;
Cantley ; Derry 404, 1024, 1031; Curtes 3477—DistRIs. Sumatra.
As noted by Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind., the fruit figured and deseribed by Roxburgh,

Wight, and A. DC. as that of U. elastica is that of Orchipeda fetida, Blume, a
Javanese tree.

2. Urnczota Mareayt, Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 658 (1882). A

- large climbing shrub; branchlets nearly black, terete, more or less

rusty-pubescent as are the innovations. Leaves coriaceous; elliptic,
abruptly acuminate at apex, narrowed or rounded at base; glabrous and
shining greenish brown on the upper surface, pale and dull and more
or less glaucous on the lower, glabrous or minutely pubescent; margins
recurved, 2-5 to 5°5 in. long, 15 to 3 im. broad: midrib prominent,

474 Flora of the Malayan Pemmnsula.

dark, impressed on the upper surface; main nerves 8 to 10 pairs, pro-
minent, starting at an angle of about 70° with the midrib and curving
upward to anastomose near the margin; secondary nerves few, reticula-
tions transverse, prominent, more or less raised above; petiole -4 to °6
in. long. Inflorescence minutely rusty-pubescent, trichotomous, up to
8 in. long and d in. broad; main branch peduncles 2 to 2°5 in. long;
secondary rather shorter; cymules terminal, corymbose or subumbellate ;
pedicels slender, ‘1 in. long; lower bracts leaf-like; bracteoles linear-
subulate, 2 in. long; flowers very small. Calyx-tube very short; lobes
ovate oblong, little recurved, obtuse at tip, -125in. long. Corolla urceo-
late; tube very short, glabrous within ; lobes oblong, rather longer than
the tube. Anthers sagittate, obtuse at apex, the tails diverging. Ovary
globose, pubescent; style obconical; stigma conical with a short bifid
apiculus. follicles connected at the base, diverging nearly horizontally,
6 to 8 in. long, 25 in. broad, usually hooked at the tip; pericarp terete,
dark brown, glabrous. Seeds linear-oblong, flattened, -6 in. long, sur-
mounted by a ring of tawny bristles and a coma of white silky hairs
1 in. long; testa softly tawny-villous ; albumen very scanty; cotyledons
oblong; radicle rather long.

Perak: King’s Collector 4743, 5134; Wray 2367 (young follicles
curving inwards almost to a circle). Manacca: Hullett. Stneaprore:
Maingay (K.D.) 1083; Azdley 2717.—Distris. Borneo (Haviland 1527,
1767, 3497).

3. URCEOLA BRACHYSEPALA, Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. IIT., 659 (1882).
A climbing shrub; branchlets slender, dark brown, terete. Leaves
chartaceous, perhaps coriaceous when green; elliptic, abruptly obtusely
acuminate at apex, rounded at base; both surfaces smooth, red-brown
when dry; margins slightly recurved; 4 to 5:5 in. long, 1-5 to 2°5 in,
broad ; midrib prominent, rather slender; main nerves 6 to 8 pairs,
starting from the midrib at an angle of 70° to 75° and curved upwards
to and along the margin only, the upper few meeting in an intra-
marginal nerve, rest anastomosing, all prominent, raised on the upper
surface as are the prominent transverse reticulations; petiole slender,
‘d to 1 in. long, articulate near the base. Inflorescence puberulous,
trichotomous, terminal on main or side branchlets, up to about 6 in.
long and 5 in. broad; main peduncle 1 to 2 in. long, terete; secondary
peduncle also about 1 to 2 in. long, flattened as are further branches ;
cymules corymbose, pedicels slender, often recurved; bracts leafy;
bracteoles subulate, reddish, numerous; buds globose; flowers minute.
Calyz-lobes very small, ovate, ‘03 to ‘04 in. long, very slightly puberulous.
Corolla globose, villous without, glabrous within, except for tufts of hair
between the stamens, inflated, ‘075 to -1 in. long; lobes induplicate.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 475

Anthers acute or very minutely apiculate; spurs slightly incurved. Ovary
villous; style obconical; stigma conical, annulate at base. Follicles usually
horizontal, in one line, sometimes slightly curved backwards, terete, 6 to
8 in. long, 2 in. broad, acuminate and slightly hooked at apex. Seeds flat-
tened, -4 to ‘5 in. long, ending in a tuft of bristles and a milky-white
coma about 1°5 in. long; testa tough, densely rusty-villous.

Prenane: Curtis 403. PrErax: Scortechint. Matacca: Maingay
(K.D.) 1079, 1080; Curtis 3478; Goodenough 1564 ; Ridley 1610, 2727,
6937, 8397, 9125, 10772.

4. URCEOLA MALACCENSIS, Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. ITI. 658 (1882).
A large climbing shrub, glabrous except the innovations and the inflores-
cence; branchlets nearly black, terete, rather slender. Leaves coriaceous
ovate or ovate-oblong, obtusely caudate-acuminate at apex, rounded at
base ; upper surface pale green, pale when dry, lower red-brown when
dry, both surfaces smooth; margins slightly recurved ; 2 to 4°d in. long,
1 to 2 in. broad ; midrib strong, impressed above, raised beneath ; main
neryes 6 to 8 pairs, slender, prominently marked on both surfaces,
starting at an angle of about 60° with the midrib and curved upwards to
and along the margin, intramarginal nerve only near the tip; reticula-
tions transverse, regular; petiole *5 to ‘75 in. long, slender, articulate
near the base, the bases of each pair of leaves joined by a slender ridge at
the node. Inflorescence of terminal or axillary cymes, hoary-pubescent,
trichotomous, about 2 in. long and 3 in. broad; cymules many-flowered,
congested, corymbose; peduncles about 1 to 1:25 in. long, flattened ;
secondary peduncles about 1 in. long, rest smaller; bracts leafy;
bracteoles very many, linear-oblong, similar to the calyx-lobes; buds
globose. Calyzx-lobes linear-oblong or almost spatulate, unequal, re-
curved, up to:l in. long. Corolla-tube very short ; lobes oblong, indupli-
cate, glabrous within except for a small tuft of hair between the stamens.
Anthers obtuse, with a rounded apiculus; spurs straight. Ovary-carpels
hirsute; style obconic; stigma conical, tip bifid: ollcles slender,
terete, acuminate, 8 to 9 in. long, :2 in. broad, slightly curved, recurved
so that the angle between them is about 240°. Seeds oblong-fusiform ;
acuminate at the base, the tip furnished with a ring of bristles enclosing
the white, silky, about 2 in. long, coma; testa thin, villous, with golden-
silky stiff hairs.

Perak: King’s Collector 4464; Ridley 9666. Manacca: Maingay
(K.D.) 1098, 1082, part. SrLancor: Curtis 2395. Jonore: Ridley
9158; G. King. Sincarore: Hullett 846, 909; Cantley 121.

5. UrcEona tucrpa, Benth. in Gen. Pl. ii., 716 (1876). A climbing
shrub, glabrous except the inflorescence ; branchlets.slender, nearly
black, terete. Leaves chartaceous; elliptic or elliptic-oblong, abruptly

476 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

acuminate at apex with a usually oblique acumen, rounded at base,
shining on both surfaces, red-brown when dry; margins slightly re-
curved; 3 to 5 in. long, 1:25 to 2 in. broad; midrib strong, very promi-
nent beneath, slightly impressed above; main nerves 8 to 12 pairs,
slightly impressed above, very strong beneath, starting at an angle of
nearly 60° with the midrib and curved upwards to and along the margin,
where they meet to form almost an intramarginal looped nerve ; reticu-
lations transverse, regular; petiole slender, ‘5 to 1 in. long, often twisted.
Inflorescence of large terminal and axillary trichotomous panicles of
cymes, reaching in all 1 ft. in length and breadth; peduncles and
branches slender, uppermost only pubescent; main peduncles 2 to 3 in.
long, secondary 1 to 1:5 in. long, tertiary about -5 in. long; cymules
corymbose; pedicels short; bracteoles ovate acuminate, very small; buds
globose or ovoid. Calyx-tube short; lobes broadly oblong, recurved,
‘05 in. long. Corolla urceolate, -1 in. long, tube very short ; lobes oblong,
longer than the tube, pubescent without, glabrous within. Anthers
obtuse at the apex. Ovary glabrous or slightly hairy at the tip; style
short; stigma conical. ollecles 3 to 4 in. long, horizontal, rigid (like
poniards), base contracted, tip acuminate, -4 to ‘5 in. broad at the
broadest a little above the base; exocarp thick; endocarp crustaceous ;
placenta woody. Seeds linear-oblong, °3 to ‘5 in. long, flattened, ending
in a tuft of tawny bristles, which encloses a white silky spreading coma
about 1 in. long; testa crustaceous, rusty-silky-pubescent; cotyledons
foliaceous, °3 in. long; radicle ‘25 in. long. Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 658.
Chavannesia lucida, A. DC. Prod. VIII. 444. Hehites ? lucida, Wall.
Cat. 1670; G. Don Gen Hist. Dichl. Pl. IY. 75.

Prenana: Wallich 1670; Curtis 661, 941, 3569; Kong's Collector
1329. Perak: Scortechum 17, King’s Collector 4929. Matacca: Derry
333, 978, 1158, 1169. Sinecapore: Hullett 860; Ridley 2745, 5628, 6937.

6. Urcrona Torunosa, Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 659 (1882). A
climbing shrub, glabrous except the inflorescence; branchlets rather
slender, very dark brown, terete. Leaves thinly coriaceous; ovate-oblong
or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate at apex, acute or rounded at base,
smooth on both surfaces, red-brown when dry; margin slightly recurved ;
variable in size, usually 4 to 7 in. long, 1:5 to 2 in. broad, but on end
branchlets sometimes as small as 1 to 1:5 in. long and ‘75 to 1 in. broad;
midrib slender, impressed above ; main nerves very slender, 6 to 10 pairs,
at about 50° to 60° with the midrib, curved upwards to and along the
margin, where they anastomose; reticulations transverse, not promi-
nent ; petiole about ‘d in. long, articulate near the base. Cymes terminal.
on side branchlets as well as on main branchlets, 2 to 2° in. long, 2 in.
broad, pubescent; peduncles 1 to 2 in. long; branch peduncles short ;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 477

pedicels slender ; bracteoles linear-subulate or lanceolate ; buds globose ;
flowers very small. Calyx-lobes ovate-oblong, ‘05 to ‘075 in. long,
obtuse, erect. Corolla urceolate; tube very short; lobes oblong acute,
slightly longer than calyx-lobes, glabrous within except for tufts of hair
between the anthers. Anthers ‘075 in. long, tip acute or bifid, spurs
short, straight. Ovary villous; style obconic, subannulate at the base ;
stigma conical. ollicles torulose, very slender, 1:5 to 2°5 ft. long,
smooth, the swellings 1 to 1:5 in. apart; pericarp thin, smooth inside;
placenta enlarged opposite the seeds. Seeds elliptic-lanceolate, ‘5 in.
long, the top crowned with a dense tuft of tawny bristles, within which
arises the white silky coma 1 to 1:8 in. long; testa rather thick, ribbed,
densely villous, with tawny hairs.

Mauacca: Griffith; Maingay (K.D.) 1080, 1086; Derry 1096.
JoHoRE: Redley 11132. StnaaporE: Ridley 152, 2722, 3602, 4433,
4960, 6523; ? Kunstler 198; Hullett 509.

DouBTFUL SPECIES.

7. URCEOLA RETICULATA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A climbing shrub ;
branchlets nearly black, smooth, slightly angled; all parts glabrous
except the inflorescence and extreme innovations. Leaves elliptic ;
abruptly caudate-acuminate at apex, rounded or slightly cordate at
base, shining on the upper surface, often plicate; margin recurved ;
3°5 to 6 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad; midrib strong, prominent beneath,
slightly impressed above ; main nerves 10 to 12 pairs, impressed above,
prominent beneath, at an angle of 70° with the midrib, at first straight,
then curved to meet in a conspicuously looped intramarginal nerve ;
secondary nerves few, short; reticulations transverse, very prominent,
especially beneath ; petiole ‘5 to nearly 1 in. long, slender, articulate
near the base. Inflorescence terminal or axillary, tawny-puberulous,
trichotomous, very much 5- to 6-pinnately paniculate, reaching 12 in. in
length and nearly the same in breadth, but in some cases and especially
when axillary very much smaller; peduncles and their branches variable
in length, but always long, slender, flattened; ultimate cymules, sub-
umbellately corymbose; bracts leafy, gradually diminishing ; bracteoles
small, ovate-lanceolate to ovate; buds globose, minute. Calyx-tube
short; lobes as long as tube, ‘03 in. long, ovate, acute. Corolla globose ;
tube scarcely any ; lobes ovate ‘06 in. long, glabrous within except for
the tufts of hair between the stamens. <Anthers sagittate ; tip flattened,
membranous ; spurs as long as the upper part; filaments very short.
Ovary villous, style obconical ; stigma conical, bilobed. Fut not known.

Manacca: Pun Bebas 122. Sineapore: Ridley 2745, 5628.

8. Urcrota ? branches and leaves glabrous; bark black when dry ;

478 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

leaves 2 to 2°5 in. long by ‘75 to 1:25 in. broad, elliptic- or ovate-lanceo-
late, obtusely acuminate, narrowed into the petiole, firmly coriaceous ;
pale brown, shining above; nerves 3 to 4 pairs, very slender, ascending ;
follicles horizontal, 6 to 8 in. long by ‘25 in. broad, slightly curved,
cylindric from the base, narrowed at the apex, hard; seeds -3 to °35 in.
long, very slender, narrowed into a filiform process longer than the
body, on which the fine pale brown hairs of the coma are placed.
Hook f. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 659.
Mauacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1069.

We can do nothing to throw any further light on this remarkable plant. The
structure of the seeds resembles that of those of Kickwxia, but otherwise the plant is
quite unlike that genus.

21. ParamertiA, Benth.

Large climbing shrubs. Leaves opposite, rarely 3-nately whorled.
Flowers small, in broad lax terminal or axillary panicles. Calyx small,
5-fid or 5-partite, with many glands at the base within. Corolla hypocra-
teriform or subeampanulate ; tube short, broad at the mouth, naked; lobes
5, oblique, twisted, overlapping to the left. Stamens inserted at the base
of the corolla, included; filaments short; anthers lanceolate-sagittate,
acute or apiculate, conniving over and adhering to the stigma; cells
spurred at the base. Disk of 5 connate scales. Ovary of 2 distinct
carpels, longer than the disk, many-ovuled; style short, top obconical ;
stigma conical, with a minute nearly entire apiculus. Fyrwt of 2 long,
slender, distantly torulose, follicular mericarps. Seeds linear or oblong,
compressed, slightly or not contracted at the apex, crowned with short
persistent bristles and a long deciduous coma; testa hairy; albumen
scanty; cotyledons oblong, leafy; radicle short or long. — DistTRIB.
India and Malaya, about 4 to 5 species.

Leaves under 6 in. long ; inflorescence in loose paniculate cymes.
Leaves few- (5 to 7 pairs) nerved; inflorescence nearly
glabrous; follicles 6 to 12 in. long; swellings opposite the
seeds short; seeds under ‘5 in. long, pubescent .. .. IL. P. glandulifera.
Leaves many- (8 to 10 pairs) nerved; inflorescence very
tawny-pubescent ; follicles 20 to 24 in. long; swellings
opposite the seeds elongate; seeds 1 in. long, glabrous or
slightly pubescent Be ee :
Leaves over 6 in. long; inflorescence in dense paniculate cymes;
follicles 11 to 14 in. long; swellings opposite the seeds short ;
seeds ‘4 in. long, glabrous .. bm a .. 3 P densiflora.

2. P. polyneura.

1. PARAMERIA GLANDULIFERA, Benth. in Gen. Pl. II. 715 (1876). A
large climbing shrub; branchlets stout or slender, brown, smooth.
Leaves chartaceous, opposite or sometimes 3-nately whorled, elliptic,
oblong or obovate, abruptly acuminate at apex, widely cuneate at base;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 479

glabrous and shining on the upper surface, somewhat paler on the lower,
glabrous except for tufts in the axils of the main nerves, not always
found; margins slightly recurved; 3 to 5 in. long, 1:5 to 2 in. broad;
midrib slender, impressed above, raised beneath; main nerves 5 to 7
pairs, arched upwards to and along the margin, where they anastomose,
rather indistinct, as are the secondary nerves and reticulations ; petiole
short, -1 to :2 in. long, stout. Cyme-panicles terminal or axillary to the
upper leaves, trichotomous, glabrous or slightly puberulous; branches
spreading, slender ; terminal cymules subumbellately corymbose ; bracts
leafy ; bracteoles very small, ovate-acute ; buds oblong, clavate; flowers
white, fragrant. Calyx-lobes ovate, ciliate, puberulous outside, -05 in.
long, with minute, inconspicuous, subulate glands at the base inside.
Corolla campanulate; tube -125 in. long, puberulous without; lobes
rather longer than the tube, rotate, twisted to the right, obtuse.
Anthers very small, apiculate, the spurs long; filaments short, with a
broad base. Ovary minutely hairy; style obconical. follicles very
slender, flexuous, 6 to 12 in. long, glabrous, acuminate, diverging at up
to 60° and then curving to run parallel to each other; swellings from
‘75 to 1-25 in. apart, short; pericarp thin, smooth; placenta enlarged
opposite the seeds. Seeds oblong, concave on the ventral surface, -4 to
‘dO in. long, ending in a tuft of brown bristles, and a silky coma about
1 in. long; testa pubescent, thin; albumen scanty; cotyledons ovate,
"15 in. long, very thin, foliaceous; radicle -125 in. long, slender,
cylindric. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 255 and For. Fl. IT.
660; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 660. Hedysanthera glandulifera, A. DC.
Prodr. VIII. 443; Wight Ic. t. 1307 (H#. Groffithi in text); Maiq. FI.
Ind. Bat. IT. 482. H. barbata, Mig. l.c. 431. Echites ? glandulifera and
montlifera, Wall. Cat. 1659, 1660; G. Don Gen. Hist. Dichl. Pl. IV. 75.
Parsonsia barbata, Bl. Bijd. 1042.

Penane: Curtis 1142. Matacca: Griffith ; Maingay (K.D.) 1077,
1093; Cantley ; Derry 920, 943. Stneapore: Wallich 1660; Lobb.—
Distris. Burma, Andaman Islands, Java, Borneo (Haviland 1993,
2056, &c.; Motley 776), Philippines, Cambodia.

2. PARAMERIA POLYNEURA, Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. III. 660 (1882).
A slender climbing shrub, glabrous except the inflorescence and innova-
tions ; branches stout, with dark-brown, rough, lenticellate, horizontally
ridged bark; branchlets slender, minutely tawny puberulous. Leaves
membranous ; elliptic or elliptic-oblong or -obovate, abruptly short-
acuminate at apex, narrowed and at length rounded at base; dark
brown and shining above, paler beneath, and very red-brown and
reticulate when dry, puncticulate ; margins slightly recurved; 3 to 6 in.
long, 1:25 to 2°5 in. broad; midrib prominent on the lower, impressed

480 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

on the upper surface; main nerves 8 to 10 pairs, the lowest pair very
near the edge, starting at an angle of about 65° with the midrib,
curving upwards to and along the margin, where they anastomose,
raised beneath, as are the numerous secondary nerves and the promi-
nent transverse reticulations; main nerves usually with a tuft of hair
in their axils; petiole -1 to -2 in. long, articulate near the base. Inflo-
rescence paniculate, terminal, sessile, trichotomous, 4- to 5-pinnate,
tawny-puberulous, usually about 6 in. long and 6 to 8 in. broad;
primary branches 1:5 to 2°5 in. long, flattened; subsequent branches
gradually shorter; pedicels short, -1 in. long, slender; cymules corym-
bose ; bracts leafy ; bracteoles very minute, ovate; buds shortly clavate ;
flowers white, with a pink throat. Calyx-tube short; lobes ovate,
acute, ciliate, about -04 in. long; glandular scales minute, generally
subulate. Corolla-tube campanulate, contracted at the base, -1 in. long,
glabrous within, sparsely pubescent without; lobes ovate-oblique, twisted
to the right, rotate in flower, as long as tube. Anthers very small, with
a triangular membranous tip. Dusk faintly 5-lobed. Ovary villous;
style obconical; stigma conoidal. Jollicles slender, straight, 20 to
24 in. long, glabrous, acuminate, diverging at 60° to 90° and then
slightly curving to lie parallel; the swellings opposite the seeds elongate,
1 in. long and about 2 in. apart from centre to centre; pericarp thin,
smooth ; placenta enlarged opposite the seeds which embrace it. Seeds
fusiform, 1 to 1:25 in. long, concave on the ventral surface, ending in a
somewhat dilated cup-shaped tip, which bears a silky white coma up to
2in. long; testa thin, minutely pubescent ; albumen scanty ; cotyledons
oblong, °2 in. long; radicle cylindric, as long as cotyledons.

Prenane: Curtis 1455, 3025. Prarax: Wray 2308, 3459; Scortechine
58, 1838 ; King’s Collector 3337, 3640, 5687, 7491. Manacca: Groffth; .
Maingay (K.D.) 1078; Hervey ; Derry 1013, 1206; Goodenough 1241 ;
Ridley 10790. Sincarore: Ridley 2718, 2721; Cantley 140; Hullett
849.—Distris. Tenasserim (Lobb); Borneo (Haviland 1598, 1796;
Fraser 255); Sumatra (Forbes 2951).

3. PARAMERIA DENSIFLORA, Oliv. in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1520 (1886). A
shrub; branchlets stout, about -25 in. in diameter, fistular, densely
rusty-tomentose. Leaves chartaceous; obovate, oblong or oblanceolate,
abruptly acuminate at apex, cuneate and at last rounded at base,
glabrous and shining on the upper surface, sparsely pilose on the lower
surface, especially on the nerves; margins recurved; 5 to 8 in. long,
1:75 to 2:5 in. broad; midrib stout; main nerves 6 to 8 pairs, at an
angle of about 30° with the midrib; at first nearly straight, then
curving upwards to anastomose near the margin, impressed above ;
_ secondary nerves short ; reticulations ‘transverse, distant, not promi-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 481

nent; petiole stout, channelled, about -2 in. long. Inflorescence termi-
nal, or axillary to the upper leaves, rusty-pubescent, densely corymbosely
paniculate, sessile, reaching 6 in. in length, and about 4 to 5 in. in
breadth; main peduncles 1 to 1°65 in. long, flattened, stout; branches
opposite or verticellate, also flattened, as are the minor and much
shorter branches; pedicels slender, about -15 in. long; bracts leafy;
bracteoles small, ovate, acute; buds broadly clavate. Calyx very
small; lobes ovate, acute, pubescent without, glabrous within, :03 in.
long; scales 3 to 5 to each lobe, obscure. Corolla funnel-shaped; tube
rather slender, minutely pubescent without, -15 in. long; lobes ovate-
oblique, twisted to the right, glabrous. Anthers apiculate; filaments
very short. Ovary almost glabrous; style short, obconic; stigma
conical. follicles slender, 11 to 14 in. long, nearly at right angles
and curved inwards, distantly torulose, the spaces 1 to 1:25 in. long
the swellings ellipsoid, ‘5 in. long; interspaces less near the tip; peri-
carp brown, minutely rusty-puberulous at first, afterwards glabrescent.
Seeds 10 to 12, -4 in. long, oblong, curved, obtuse at the tip, glabrous,
dark reddish brown, the tip with a tuft of tawny bristles surrounding a
white silky coma 1 in. long; integuments 2, the outer hard.
PENANG: on Cities Hill, Curtis 158; Hullett 159.

22. KCDYSANTHERA, Hook. & Arn.

Glabrous climbing shrubs. Leaves opposite, acuminate with distant
main nerves. Flowers small, white or pink, in terminal or axillary lax
trichotomous paniculate cymes. Calyx small, deeply 5-fid, with few or
no glandular scales at the base within. Corolla suburceolate, the throat
naked; lobes 5, very short, obtuse, overlapping to the right, hardly
twisted. Stamens inserted at the base of the corolla-tube, included ;
filaments short; anthers sagittate, conniving over and adhering to the
stigma; cells produced at the base in empty spurs. Disk annular.
Ovary of 2 distinct carpels, longer than the disk; style short; stigma
obpyriform; ovules many. Fyrwt of 2 divaricate, terete, acuminate
follicular mericarps. Seeds few, oblong or linear, compressed, little
contracted at the apex and crowned by a persistent ring of short hairs
and a long deciduous coma; albumen scanty; cotyledons oblong or
ovate, leafy; radicle short——Duistris. India, Malaya and Southern
China ; about 4 or 5 species.

Cymes terminal, branches rather stout; leaves with main
nerves very oblique (45°) to the midrib . : .. Ll. E. micrantha.
Cymes lateral, branches slender ; eee with main nerves at
about 60° with the midrib .. - 58 .. 2. E. multiflora.

482 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

1. EcpYsANTHERA micRANTHA, A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 442 (1844).
A large climbing shrub; branches slender, pendulous, lenticellate ;
branchlets brown, terete, lenticellate; imnovations sometimes puber-
ulous. Leaves membranous; ovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate,
obtusely acuminate at apex, acute or cuneate at base; glabrous on both
surfaces, often reddish-brown when dry; 2 to 7in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad;
midrib slender; main nerves 3 to 5 pairs, at about 45° with the midrib,
curved upwards to and along the margin and prominently connected by
the transverse reticulations, often with a small tuft of hairs in the axils
beneath ; petiole ‘3 to -5 in. long, somewhat twisted. Cymes puberulous,
trichotomous, reaching about 5 in. in length and breadth; main
peduncles stout, variable ; branch peduncles spreading, 1 to 2 in. long;
cymules corymbose, many-flowered ; pedicels slender, short, about ‘lin.
long; bracts linear, caducous ; bracteoles very small, ovate-acute ; buds
ovoid. Calyx very small; lobes ovate, acute, pubescent, ciliate. Corolla
urceolate, glabrous, very small (‘05 in. long); lobes falcate, spreading.
Anthers obtuse, sometimes with a small apiculus. Ovary puberulous,
twice as long as the disk. /ollicles 3 to 4 in. long, °75 in. broad
near the base, horizontal, slightly recurved, narrowed from above
the base to the point; exocarp fleshy, punctate; endocarp shining,
crustaceous. Seeds elliptic-lanceolate, °75 in. long, -25 in. broad, com-
pressed, narrowed above and bearing a ring of short tawny bristles and
ending in a white silky coma 1:5 to 2:5 in. long; testa rusty-pubescent,
thin; cotyledons oblong, leafy, about -3 in. long; radicle cylindric, about
15 in. long. Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 662; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 451.
EL. brachiata, A. DC. lc. 443; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. i.
255, and For. Fl. Il. 189; Mig. l. c. 452. Hehites ? micrantha and
brachiata, Wall. Cat. 1667, 1668; G. Don Gen. Hist. Dichl. Pl. IV. 75.

Perak: Scortechim.—Distris. India (Sikkim, Assam, Khasia Hills
and Cachar), Burma.

The only specimen available is rather a poor one, but we see no reason to doubt
its identity. The description of the fruit and seeds is taken from Indian specimens.

2. ECDYSANTHERA MULTIFLORA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A large
climbing shrub; branchlets pendulous, terete, prominently lenticellate ;
innovations slightly puberulous. Leaves membranous, ovate or ovate-
lanceolate, long acuminate often abruptly and obtusely at apex the
acumen oblique, attenuate and almost rounded at base; glabrous on
both surfaces; margins slightly recurved; 2 to 3 in. long, 1 to 1:5 in.
broad; midrib slender, impressed above, raised beneath; main nerves
4 to 5 pairs, the lowest close to the margin, all at about 60° with the
midrib and curving upwards to and along the margin and connected by

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 483

the parallel transverse reticulations, often with minute tufts of hair in
the axils beneath; petiole -4 to ‘6 in. long, slender, articulate. Cymes
lateral, trichotomous, rusty-puberulous. very many-flowered, reaching
6 in. or even more in length and breadth; main peduncles 1 to 2°5 in.
long, slender; branches many, slender, gradually lessening; ultimate
ceymules corymbose ; pedicels filiform, -1 to -2 in. long; bracts none or
very caducous; bracteoles minute, ovate-acuminate; buds oblong. Calyx-
lobes ovate acute, with minute glands at the base within, pubescent
without. Corolla urceolate, ‘06 in. long; lobes short, very slightly
twisted to the left. Anthers acuminate, basal spurs rather long. § Fruit
not seen.

Perak: on Lartit Peak at 2000 to 3000 ft., King’s Collector 2294,
2401.

23. CHoNEMORPHA, G. Don.

Stout woody climbing shrubs. Leaves opposite, broad, with arching
pinnate nerves. Flowers large, white, in lax terminal and pseudo-
axillary, bracteolate, paniculate cymes. Calyx tubular, 5-fid or -partite,
with a ring of glands at the base inside. Corolla hypocrateriform ;
tube cylindric, but slightly expanded both at base and apex, without
scales; lobes 5, broad, overlapping to the right, twisted sharply to the
left. Stamens 5, included, inserted on the throat of the corolla; fila-
ments very short, broad, villous; anthers sagittate, acuminate, connivent
over and adhering to the stigma, their cells shortly spurred at the base.
Disk thick, annular or cupular, entire or 5-lobed. Ovary of 2 distinct
carpels; ovules many; style filiform, cleft at the base; stigma conoid or
sub-clavate. Frwt of 2 long, straight, woody, parallel, triquetrous
follicular mericarps. Seeds ovoid or oblong, flat, produced in a beak,
which is again surmounted by a long silky coma; albumen thin;
cotyledons flat, thick, oblong; radicle short.—Disrris. India and
Malaya; 2 to 3 species.

CHONEMORPHA MACROPHYLLA, G. Don Gen. Hist. Dichl. Pl. IV. 76
(1838). A large climbing shrub with copious milky juice ; branches stout,
warty; branchlets stout, soft, fistular, pubescent, becoming glabrous in age.
Leaves coriaceous; broadly elliptic to elliptic-obovate or suborbicular,
blunt, notched or shortly abruptly acuminate at apex, rounded or
cordate at base; both surfaces glabrous or glabrescent when old, the
lower pubescent, hirsute or tomentose when young; margins slightly
recurved; 6 to 10 in. long, 3-5 to 6 in. broad; midrib very stout,
impressed above, prominently raised beneath; main nerves spreading,
8 to 10 or sometimes 12 pairs, at variable distances and irregular and
often branched, prominently raised beneath ; secondary nerves many,

iG

484 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

joining the irregular transverse reticulations, all much raised beneath ;
petiole stout, 5 to 15 in. long. Panicles up to 10 in. long and 8 in.
broad, pubescent; peduncles stout, 3 to 4 in. long; branches also stout,
angled or flattened, more or less racemose; bracteoles ovate, acute,
persistent; pedicels about ‘3 to ‘4 in. long, usually shorter than the
calyces; buds clavate, the tip acute; flowers white. Calyx tubular,
wider than the corolla-tube and less than half its length; the mouth
with 5 short rounded or subacute teeth. Corolla 3 in. or more across;
tube °75 to 1 in. long, villous within in 5 bands between the stamens;
lobes spreading, obovate-cuneate. Anthers ‘d in. long. F'ollicles 12 to
18 in. long, straight, boldly 3-angled, the tips ineurved, ‘75 to 1 in.
broad; pericarp woody. Seeds about 1 in. long, ovate below, narrowed
half-way up into a beak and again expanded to receive the coma, which
is softly white silky and 2°5 in. long; albumen very thin; cotyledons
ovate-oblong, thick, ‘5 in. long; radicle cylindric, slender, :25 in. long.
A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 4380; Wight Ic. t. 432; Brandis For. Fl. 328; Kurz
in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 257, and For. Fl. II. 187; Migq.
Fl. Ind. Bat. Il. 444; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 661; Trimen FI. Cey].
III. 188; Cooke Bomb. Fl. II. 139; Prain Beng. Plants 678. C. mollis,
Mig. lc. Hchites macrophylla, Roxb. Fl. Ind. I. 13; Wall. Cat. 1657.
HE. grandis, Wall. Cat. 1658; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 147, “ Belitta-
kdka-kodt,’ Rheede Hort. Mal. IX. tt. 5, 6.

Penane: firdley 3441; Curtis 882. Perak: Wray 2188, 2685,
3661; Scortechint 921; King’s Collector 3636, 6000, 7304, 10574.
Matuacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1074; Derry 543.—Disrrip. India, Ceylon,
Malay Archipelago.

24. Ruyncnoptis, Benth.

Large climbing shrubs. Leaves opposite, membranous, broad, penni-
nerved. lowers in lax, broad, axillary or subterminal, paniculate
cymes. Calyx 5-partite or -fid; lobes about as long as tube; glandular
scales many. Corolla hypocrateriform; tube enlarged opposite the
stamens, contracted at the throat, villous; lobes large, twisted, obliquely
obcuneate or obovate-faleate, twisted to the left, overlapping to the
right. Stamens inserted on the middle of the tube; filaments broad,
short; anthers sagittate, conniving round and adhering to the stigma;
cells with narrow incurved spurs. Disk annular, 5-fid. Ovary of
2 distinct carpels, longer than the disk; style slender, with an ovate
truncate top; stigma columnar. /Frwit of 2 narrow parallel com-
pressed follicular mericarps. Seeds ovate or oblong, compressed, pro-
duced in a slender beak which is crowned by a deciduous coma;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 485

albumen none; cotyledons oblong; radicle short, superior.—Distrip.
One species, from India to China.

RuayncnoprA Watuicuu, Benth. in Gen. Pl. II. 720 (1876). A large
climbing shrub; branehes distantly tubercled; branchlets glaucescent,
rough, lenticellate, the scars of fallen leaves prominent. Leaves mem-
branous ; elliptic-ovate or -oblong, cuspidately or caudately acuminate
at apex, cuneate sometimes unequally at base or occasionally rounded
or even cordate; glabrous and shining above, glabrous or puberulous
beneath; 5 to 9 in. long, 2 to 4 in. broad; midrib slender, raised
beneath; main nerves 7 to 10 pairs, starting at an angle of about
50° with the midrib and curving upwards to and along the margin,
where they anastomose to form a looped intramarginal nerve, raised
beneath as are the few secondary nerves and the rather prominent
transverse reticulations ; petiole -75 to 1 in. long, slender, grooved, with
small auricle-like stipular glands at the base. Cymes lax, axillary or
subterminal, di-tri-chotomous, puberulous, reaching 5 in. long and about
7 in. in breadth ; peduncles 1 to 3 in. long, slender, angled, puberulous
or glabrous; branches long, slender, ultimate cymules subumbellate ;
pedicels -3 to ‘5 in. long; bracts oblong-lanceolate, ciliate, caducous ;
bracteoles at the bases of the pedicels, ovate-lanceolate, scarious, °1 in.
long; buds clavate with conical tip; flowers white tinged with pink.
Calyx campanulate; tube ‘1 to ‘15 in. long, furnished with many broad
bifid scales at the base within; lobes linear-oblong, ciliate, obtuse,
as long as the tube, margins reflexed. Corolla-tube broadly inflated
opposite the stamens, d-angled, -25 in. long, villous within, the throat
narrowed; lobes obovate-falcate, about -d in. long, slightly villous on
the inner face. Anthers :15 in. long; spurs very slender. follicles
12 to 18 in. long, pendulous. Seeds ovate-oblong ; body °d in. long;
beak very slender, as long as body, crowned by a white silky coma
1:5 in. long; testa leathery, keeled on one side; cotyledons fleshy,
flattened, 3 in. long, -1 to ‘15 in. broad; radicle thick, cylindric. Hook. f.
Fl. Br. Ind. III. 667. Rhyncospermum Wallichii and Rf. ellapticum,
A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 431. Hchites rhyncosperma, Wall. Pl. As. Rar.
I. 43, t. 49; Cat. 1665. ZH. elliptica, Wall. Cat. 1666. LH. verticals,
Herb. Ham. Cercocoma Wallichiz, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 445; Kurz in
Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 255, and For. Fl. I. 187.

KepaH: on Langkawi Island, Curtis 3203. Prax: Scortechini
1774; King’s Collector 5635, 8790.—Disrris. India (Sikkim Himalaya,
Assam), Burma, Tonkin.

25. ANODENDRON, A. DC.

Large glabrous climbing shrubs. Leaves opposite, with distant

486 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

nerves. Flowers in axillary or terminal trichotomous leafy paniculate
cymes. Calyx small, 5-partite, glandular or not within. Corolla hypo-
crateriform; the tube cylindric, little dilated opposite the stamens; the
mouth contracted, without scales; lobes narrow, overlapping to the
right, twisted to the left, conical and spirally striate in bud. Stamens
inserted below the middle of the tube; filaments very short; anthers
sagittate, connivent round and adhering to the stigma; the cells shortly
spurred at the base. Dzsk annular or cupular, entire or undulate.
Ovary of 2 distinct carpels sunk in the disk and attached to it by their
backs at the base, many-ovuled ; style very short; stigma thick, coni-
eal, bi-lobed. Fruit of 2 divaricate acuminate follicular mericarps.
Seeds few, ovoid or oblong, compressed, beaked, tipped with a long
coma which extends down the upper part of the beak more or less;
albumen usually copious; cotyledons ovate, subcordate, flat; radicle
superior.—Distris. India and Malaya; about 7 species.

Flowers in many-branched, many-flowered, cymes, usually 6-in.
long or more ; buds under ‘25 in. long; leaves coriaceous, more
than 4 in. long and 1° in. broad, with prominent nerves :—
Main nerves 12 to 15 pairs, about -5 in. apart; corolla-lobes
villous within and at the throat, over -1 in. long; follicles
with thick pericarp; seeds obovoid, beak -25 in. long, the coma
shortly decurrent only .. 5 -. L. A. paniculatum.
Main nerves 8 to 10 pairs, about 15 to 1 in. Raitt corolla-
lobes nearly glabrous within and at the throat, -05 in. long ;
follicles with thin pericarp; seeds oblong, beak 1 in. long,
the coma decurrent on the upper half.. : .. 2. A. Candolleanum.
Flowers in few-branched, few-flowered, generally aeilere cymes,
usually under 1 in. long; buds at least -5 in. long; leaves char-
taceous, usually under 4 in. long and 1°5 in. broad, with slender
nerves ; follicles with thin pericarp; the seeds obovoid, the
beak over 1 in. long, coma decurrent on the upper half, very
long . - .. 93 A. pauciflorum.
Blower in fehneied: cor hibiiee: feomitl cymes edchine 3 in.
in length; buds -4 to ‘5 in. long; leaves coriaceous, under 3-5 in.
long and 1-75 in. broad, with nerves nearly at right angles to the
midrib B 4. A. Wrayi.
Flowers in axillary, J penvtonlic' on Benched cymes SROnIE 2°5 in.
in length; buds ‘225 in. long; leaves coriaceous, oblong-lanceo-
late, reaching 3°5 to 5-5 in. long and 1 to 1:5 in. broad, with
nerves at about 75° with the midrib... aes .. 0. A. lanceolatum.

1. ANoDENDRON PANICULATUM, A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 444 (1844). A
very large climbing shrub with greyish-brown bark; branchlets stout,
rather fleshy, dark brown, glabrous, terete. Leaves thinly coriaceous ;
ovate, elliptic or elliptic-oblong, shortly and abruptly acuminate at apex,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 487

cuneate and rounded at base; both surfaces glabrous; margins slightly
recurved ; 4 to 8 in. long, 1:5 to 3 in. broad; midrib stout, impressed and
keeled above, raised beneath; main nerves 12 to 15 pairs, parallel, °4 to
‘6 in. apart along the midrib, starting at an angle of from 60° to 70°
with the midrib and arching upwards to and along the margin where
they anastomose; secondary nerves few, short, between the main nerves;
reticulations transverse, conspicuous only in young leaves when dry;
petiole ‘5 in. long, stout, slightly winged. Cymes axillary and terminal,
repeatedly trichotomously branched, reaching about 10 in. in length and
6 in. in breadth, glabrous; peduncles slender, angled, ‘5 to 1 in. long;
successive branchings similar but shorter; ultimate cymules 3-flowered;
bracts similar to the leaves and gradually smaller; bracteoles ovate
acute, in pairs at the bases of the upper cyme-branches and of the
pedicels, which are about :05 to ‘1 in. long; buds conical, striated spirally
by the twisted lobes of the corolla; flowers white or pale yellow. Calyx-
lobes ovate, rounded, ciliate, the margins somewhat scarious, ‘06 in.
long; scales none or very minute. Corolla-tube cylindric, dilated op-
posite the stamens and then contracted at the throat, -06 in. long; lobes
oblong falcate, villous within and at the throat, ‘1 to 125 in. long,
twisted sharply to the left. Amnthers sagittate, acuminate, ‘04 in. long;
spurs short. Disk cupular, entire, undulate, nearly enclosing the
adherent glabrous carpels. Style almost none; stigma conical with an
annular base. Jollicles hard, woody, divergent in one line, 3 to 6 in.
long, ‘0 to °75 in. broad near the base and thence narrowed to the blunt
tip. Seeds few, obovoid, flattened, ‘5 to 1 in. long; beak -25 in. long,
slender, slightly broadened at the tip, and bearing a 2 in. long white-
silky spreading coma which extends a short way down the tip; testa
dark brown, thin; albumen copious; cotyledons oblong, rounded,’4 in. long
by °25 in. broad, prominently nerved; radicle cylindric, ‘15 to -2 in. long.
Dalz. and Gibs. Bomb. FI. 147; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI.
ii. 255, and For. Fl. II. 188; Wight Ic. t. 1809 (fruzt and seeds only);
Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 668; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 454; Trimen FI.
Ceyl. III. 141; Cooke Fl. Bomb. Il. 141; Prain Beng. Plants 679.
Echites pamculata, Roxb. El. Ind. Il. 17; Wight Ic. t. 396. ZH. coriacea,
Wall. Cat. 1586. H. manubriata and EH. polyantha, Wall. Cat. 1663,
1664. “Kaka-kodt,’ Rheede Hort. Mal. IX. t. 8.

JUNKSEYLON (Tongka): at Puket, Curtis 2933. Pmnana: Curtis
1740.—Distris. Western India, Ceylon, Hastern Bengal, Burma, Malay
Archipelago, Philippines.

2. ANODENDRON CANDOLLEANUM, Wight Ic. t. 1309 (1850) (ez-
cluding fruit and seeds). A very large glabrous climbing shrub;
branches stout, rather fleshy, somewhat angular, light brown; branch-

488 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

lets terete, darker. Leaves coriaceous ; elliptic, abruptly cuspidate
acuminate at apex, cuneate or rounded at base; pale beneath, glabrous
on both surfaces, margin recurved; in old leaves slightly cartilaginous ;
5 to 9 in. long, 2 to 5 in. broad; midrib stout, impressed and keeled on
the upper, raised on the lower, surface; main nerves 8 to 10 pairs, the
lowest near the margin, the rest parallel, yellowish, very stout and
prominent, about -75 to 1 in. apart along the midrib in old leaves,
raised above, starting at from 75° to 80° with the midrib and curving
only near the margin and along it; secondary nerves few; reticulations
transverse, not prominent, impressed when dry; petiole 1:5 to 2 in.
long, stout, twisted, keeled above. Cymes terminal and axillary, re-
peatedly 3-chotomously branched, reaching about 9 in. in length and 4 to
5 in. in breadth; peduncles terete, 1 to 1:5 in. long; branch peduncles
long, slender, somewhat flattened; ultimate cymules in corymbose
clusters ; pedicels ‘1 to ‘15 in. long ; bracts leafy ; bracteoles ovate, acute,
scarious, very small, caducous, in pairs at the nodes and below the
pedicels; buds conical, spirally striate; flowers reddish or reddish-
brown. Calyx-lobes ovate, somewhat acute ; the margins scarious, not
ciliate, 05 in. long; scales 0. Corolla-tube cylindrical, scarcely dilated,
‘05 in. long; lobes oblong falcate, glabrous except the slightly puberulous
mouth, ‘05 in. long, twisted sharply to the left. Amnthers sagittate,
acute, ‘04 in. long; spur short. Disk cupular, entire, undulate, nearly
enclosing the glabrous carpels. Style short, slender; stigma conical
with an annular base. follicles slender, straight, 6 to 7 in. long, “4 in.
broad at the broadest one-third of the length up, long-acuminate,
slightly turned backwards ; pericarp chartaceous, smooth. Seeds oblong,
flattened, the margins incurved, about 1 in. long, produced in a slender
beak of the same length, the upper half of which is furnished with a
white silky coma 2 to 2°5 in. long; testa thin, dark brown; albumen
copious ; cotyledons ovate, acute, ‘75 in. long, ‘25 in. broad, prominently
nerved; radicle :2 to :25 in. long, cylindric, Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III.
669; Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. II. 455. A. rubescens, Teysm. & Binnend. Cat.
Hort. Bogor.

Prenane: West Hill, Curtis 2258. Prrax: King’s Collector 5558,
6516, 7900, 8702. Manacca: Capt. Wight; Maingay (K.D.) 1087.—
Distris. Borneo.

3. ANODENDRON PAUCIFLORUM, Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 669 (1882).
A climbing shrub; branches smooth glabrous; branchlets terete, dark
brown. Leaves chartaceous ; oblong or oblong-lanceolate, obtusely
acuminate at apex, cuneately attenuate at base; glabrous on both sur-
faces, greenish above and reddish-brown beneath when dry; margins
thin, pale when dry or cartilaginous ; 3 to 4 occasionally to 5 in. long,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 489

1:25 to 1:5 in. broad; midrib slender ; main nerves slender, 8 to 10 pairs,
at an angle of about 60° with the midrib, slightly curved to and along
the margin; reticulations indistinct; petiole stout, ‘2 to ‘3 in. long,
winged by the decurrent edges of the blade. Cymes terminal and
axillary, much shorter than the leaves (rarely °75 to 1 in. long), few-
(3-to 15-) flowered ; peduncles stout, usually -5 in. long; branches
trichotomous, very short, corymbose; pedicels very short; bracts and
bracteoles ovate, crowded, small; buds clavate, tip conical, acute and
much striate by the twisted corolla-lobes; flowers white or yellowish.
Calyx-lobes ovate, ciliate, :1 in. long; scales minute, between the lobes.
Corolla-tube cylindric, dilated below opposite the stamens, gradually
attenuate upwards to the narrow throat, ‘3 in. long; lobes linear-lanceo-
late, faleate, glabrous without, slightly pubescent within, much
twisted to the left, as long as tube. Amthers sagittate, with a hyaline
apex; filaments very short, broad. Disk cupular, glabrous, undulate.
Stigma sessile, pyriform. follicles straight, divaricate at about 100°
to 120°, 4 to 5 in. long, ‘6 to ‘7 in. broad a little above the rounded base,
then narrowed to the acuminate, slightly incurved tip; pericarp thick,
smooth, dark green. Seeds obovoid, ‘6 in. long by °3 in. broad, flat, slightly
hooked below, narrowed above to a long slender beak of 1 to 1:25 in. long,
the upper half of which is furnished with a spreading white-silky coma 3
to 3°d in. long; testa thin, dark brown; albumen rather scanty; cotyledons
ovate, ‘45in.long by -2 to‘25 in. broad, fleshy; radicle cylindric, ‘25 in. long.

Prenane: Maingay (K.D.) 1101; Curtis 663, 1457, on Government
Hill at 1000 to 2000 ft. Prurax: Wray 2105, 2569; King’s Collector,
0087, 5099.

4. ANODENDRON Wrayi, King & Gamble, n.sp. A climbing shrub ;
branches stout, fleshy, with fibrous inner bark and grey outer bark
studded with minute lenticels. Leaves coriaceous; obovate or obovate-
oblong, rounded at apex, with a minute glandular apiculus, cuneate at
base ; both surfaces glabrous; margin cartilaginous, recurved; 2 to 3:5
in. long, 1 to 1°75 in. broad; midrib very stout, impressed above; main
nerves 14 to 16 pairs, parallel, at an angle of 80° or more with the
midrib, straight and only slightly curved near the margin, raised above;
secondary nerves occasional; reticulations indistinct; petiole -1 to ‘2 in.
long, stout, wrinkled. Cymes terminal, corymbose, 3-chotomous, reach-
ing about 3 in. long and broad; peduncles about ‘6 in. long ; branches as
long ; pedicels slender, -3 in. long; buds clavate, tips conical, striated by
the twisted corolla-lobes; flowers greenish yellow. Calyx-lobes ovate,
acute, ‘06 in. long, glabrous, with 3 to 4 rounded scales at the base of
each. Corolla-tube cylindric, slightly constricted in the middle above
the stamens, ‘25 in. long, glabrous without, densely pubescent within ;

490 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

lobes ovate, -2 to -25 in. long, rounded, densely tomentose within,
twisted to the left. Stamens inserted just above the base of the
corolla-tube ; filaments very short; anthers sagittate; spurs incurved, as
long as the pollen-bearing cells. Disk cupular, glabrous, undulate.
Ovary of 2 carpels adherent to the disk; style short, obconoid at top;
stigma conoidal. Fruit not known.

Perak: at Gunong Bubu, 5000 ft., Wray 3828, 3836.

5. ANODENDRON LANCEOLATUM, King & Gamble, n.sp. A glabrous _
climbing shrub; branchlets stout, nearly black, longitudinally wrinkled
when dry. Leaves coriaceous; oblong-lanceolate, tapering to a blunt
acumination at apex, narrowly cuneate at base; both sufaces slightly
shining, pale brown when dry; margins recurved, broadly crispate; 3:5
to 5°5 in. long, 1 to 1:5 in. broad; midrib stout, channelled above,
prominent beneath; main nerves about 15 to 16 pairs, at about 75°
with the midrib, straight to join an inconspicuous intramarginal nerve
close to the edge; secondary nerves alternate with and similar to the
main nerves, branched above; reticulations irregular; petiole -4 to ‘d in.
broad, channelled above, the edges connivent. Cymes axillary, pani-
culate, nearly half as long as the leaves, reaching 2°5 in. long and about
1-25 in. in diameter; peduncles 1 to 1°5 in. long, flattened, with some-
times a small branch at the base, the next joint of the rachis nearly -d
in. long; side branches short, cymules close; pedicels short, variable ;
bracteoles ovate, acuminate, small; buds slender, clavate with a conical
tip, striated by the twisted corolla-lobes, ‘225 in. long; flowers pale buff
(Wray). Calyx shortly campanulate, deeply lobed; lobes ovate, acute,
ciliate, (06 in. long. Corolla-tube sub-cylindrie, dilated below, somewhat
constricted above, glabrous except at the base within, -16 in. long ; lobes
as long as tube, oblong-linear, much twisted. Stamens inserted near
the base of the tube; anthers sagittate, -06 in. long, tip obtuse or
emarginate; empty spurs slender. Dzsk cupular. Ovary of 2 carpels,
conical; style almost none; stigma conical, acuminate. Fruit not known.

Perak: at Tapa, Wray 1321.

26. CueGHORNIA, Wight.

Glabrous climbing shrubs. Leaves opposite, membranous, acu-
minate, penninerved, the main nerves straight. Flowers small, in
axillary or terminal panicled or corymbose cymes. Calyx small, 5-
partite, with 5 didymous glands alternate with the lobes. Corolla
hypocrateriform; lobes 5, overlapping to the right, twisted or not to the
left. Stamens inserted below the middle of the corolla-tube, conniving
over and adhering to the stigma; filaments short; anthers sagittate, the
cells shortly spurred at the base. Dzsk of 5 scales, cleft at the apex.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 491

Ovary of 2 carpels, sunk in the disk; style short, obconical; stigma
conical, apiculate. Frwt of 2 long, acuminate, follicular mericarps.
Seeds oblong, narrowed at the ends, tipped with a deciduous coma;
albumen scanty; cotyledons linear, flat; radicle superior.—DistTRIB.
Ceylon and Malaya; about 3 species.

Leaves elliptic or elliptic-oblong, over 1 in. broad; cymes

paniculate ; corolla-lobes linear-oblong, over ‘1 in. long .. 1. C. malaccensis.
Leaves lanceolate; cymes corymbose; corolla-lobes rounded,
under °05 in. long ue xe a sae On guacilts:

1. CLEGHORNIA MALACCENSIS, King & Gamble. A slender climbing
shrub; branchlets pale brown, terete, often curved in the internodes.
Leaves membranous; elliptic or elliptic-oblong, abruptly obtusely
caudate-acuminate at apex, attenuate to almost rounded at base; bright
' green above, blueish-green beneath, nearly white when dry; margin
recurved ; 2 to 4 in. long, 1 to 1:5 in. broad; midrib slender, channelled
above, raised beneath; main nerves 12 to 14 pairs, slightly impressed
above, raised beneath, at about 70° to 80° sometimes at right angles to
the midrib, straight and meeting in an intramarginal looped nerve ;
secondary nerves many, one usually between each pair of main nerves ;
reticulations few, inconspicuous; petiole ‘5 to 1 in. long, twisted. Cymes
terminal, rarely axillary, paniculate, reaching 4 in. in length and breadth;
peduncles slender, ‘75 to 2 in. long, flattened ;. branches trichotomous,
flattened, variable; ultimate cymules subumbellate; pedicels -1 to -2 in.
long; bracteoles ovate-subulate, very small; buds oblong-clavate ;
flowers waxy, white with yellow inside. Calyx-lobes lanceolate, ciliate,
‘075 in. long. Corolla tubular-campanulate, -2 to -25 in. long, glabrous
except for a minute pubescence near the throat within; lobes as long as
tube, linear-oblong; margins incuryed, slightly twisted to the left,
Stamens inserted a little above the base of the tube; filaments slender ;
anthers sagittate, pubescent on the back, bluntly apiculate; the basal
spurs long. Dvzsk of 5 slightly bifid scales. Ovary scarcely exsert from
the disk; style slender; stigma oblong, conical above and often bifid at
tip. follicles divaricate at about a right angle, 2°5 to 5 in. long, -25 in.
broad, slightly incurved, acuminate, glabrous. Seeds linear-oblong or
fusiform, ‘4 to ‘5 in. long, ending in a flattish point covered with a rather
short coma of silky hairs; testa thin, brown. Baissea malaccensis,
Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. ITT. 663.

Perak: Scortechint 40; Wray 3457; King’s Collector 5900, 8798,
10799. Manacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1094.

2. CLEGHORNIA GRACILIS, King & Gamble, n. sp. A slender climbing
shrub, the stem reaching 1 to 2 in. in diam.; branchlets very slender:

492 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

dark brown, often curved in the internodes. Leaves membranous; lan-
ceolate, long but obtusely caudate-acuminate at apex, cuneate at base;
bright green above, paler beneath; margins cartilaginous; 2 to 3 in.
long, ‘5 to ‘7 in. broad; midrib slender; main nerves 12 to 16 pairs, at
about 70° to 80° with the midrib, straight, meeting in an intramarginal
looped nerve; secondary nerves frequent, usually one between each pair
of main nerves; reticulations indistinct; petiole slender, :25 in. long.
Cymes axillary and terminal, slender, corymbose, reaching 2 in. in length
and breadth; peduncles very slender, ‘5 to ‘75 in. long; branches
trichotomous, capillary; pedicels -2 in. long; bracteoles very minute,
subulate ; buds clavate; flowers light yellow. Calyx-lobes orbicular,
‘04 in. in diam.; scales very small or none. Corolla urceolate, ‘1 in.
long; tube minutely white-puberulous within; lobes rounded, not
twisted, ‘04 in. long. Dusk faintly 5-lobed. Anthers blunt or slightly
emarginate at the tip, with a slender hair-like apiculus. Fruit not

seen.
PerRAK: on Cawfield’s hill, 4000 ft., Scortechint 384; at 3000 to
4000 ft., clinging to trees, King’s Collector 6351; Wray 3209.

The following Bornean species may eventually be found in the
Malay Peninsula :—

CLEGHORNIA BORNEENSIS, King & Gamble, n. sp. A climbing shrub; branchlets
purplish-brown when dry, angled, smooth, glabrous. Leaves elliptic or elliptic-
obovate, abruptly cuspidate-acuminate at apex, rounded at base; both surfaces
glabrous, the lower pale; 4 to 5 in. long, 2 to 2:5 in. broad; midrib slender, raised and
sharp beneath; main nerves 10 to 12 pairs, parallel, starting at about 70° with the
midrid and curving gently upwards to and along the margin; secondary nerves few,
chiefly between the upper main nerves; reticulations slender, oblique, more or less
parallel; both main nerves and reticulations raised on both surfaces; petiole :2 in.
long, bordered above by the crispate decurrent margins of the blade. Flowers in
axillary and pseudo-terminal, glabrous, corymbose cymes, reaching 6 in. long and
3 in. broad; peduncles slender, 5:1 to 2°5 in. long; primary branches 3-chotomous,
rest 2-chotomous; pedicels slender, variable, about ‘1 to ‘2 in. long; bracteoles small,
ovate, in pairs at the axils and usually 2 in the middle of each pedicel; buds linear-
oblong; flowers yellow. Calyx campanulate; lobes ovate-acute, thin, -1 in. long,
with small scales alternate with them within at the base. Corolla-tube cylindric,
very slightly dilated at the base, slightly funnel-shaped towards the naked mouth,
‘3 in. long; lobes ovate, rounded, only very slightly twisted to the left, -15 in. long;
the tube and mouth slightly villous within. Stamens inserted at the very base of the
tube ; anthers sagittate, the spurs slender; filaments very short, thick. Disk 5-lobed,
euclosing the glabrous nearly globose carpels; style thick, obconic; stigma conical,
apiculate. Fruit not known.

Borneo: near Kuching, Haviland and Hose 2169.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 493

27. IcHNocARPUS, Br.

Climbing shrubs with opposite leaves. lowers small, in lax, many-
flowered, terminal and axillary, paniculate cymes. Calyx 5-fid, glan-
dular or not within. Corolla hypocrateriform, the throat contracted or
villous ; lobes narrowed to an obtuse point, overlapping to the right,
the upper half of each lobe deflexed in bud. Stamens inserted at
or below the middle of the corolla-tube; filaments very short ;
anthers sagittate, conniving over and adhering to the stigma; cells
spurred at the base. Dzsk free, 5-lobed. Ovary of 2 distinct carpels,
exserted from the disk, hairy ; ovules many; style short, top obconic ;
stigma columnar. Fruit of 2 slender, spreading or divaricate, folli-
cular mericarps. Seeds oblong, narrowed at the tip, ending in a deci-
duous coma; albumen copious; cotyledons long, flat; radicle short,
superior.—Distris. India, Malaya, Australia; species 5 or 6.

Leaves usually elliptic, acute, under 1°5 in. broad ; inflorescence

narrowly paniculate, very rusty-tomentose, under 3 in. long;
corolla-tube globose opposite the stamens, contracted above;

disk lobes capitate ; Oc ae .. LJ. frutescens.
Leaves usually ovate, obtuse or acute, over 1°5 in. broad ; inflor-
escence rather broadly paniculate, 3 to 5 in. long; rachis glabres-
cent; corolla-tube campanulate opposite the stamens, not con-
tracted above ; disk-lobes not capitate .. we .. 2. I. ovatifolius.

1. IcHNOCARPUS FRUTESCENS, Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, II. 69 (1811).

A much-branched and extensively climbing shrub; branchlets slender,
tawny-pubescent; innovations fulyous-tomentose. Leaves very variable,
chartaceous ; elliptic elliptic-oblong or elliptic-lanceolate or lanceolate,
acute or acuminate sometimes mucronate at apex, cuneate or slightly
rounded-attenuate at base; glabrous on the upper surface, pale and softly
red-tomentose or glabrescent beneath; 2 to 4°5 in. long, ‘75 to 1:5 in.
broad; midrib slender, impressed above; main nerves 5 to 7 pairs, curved
upwards to and along the margin; reticulations in a fine network, con-
spicuous in young leaves; petiole ‘1 to ‘3 in. long, reddish-tomentose.
Cymes paniculate, 1 to 3 in. long, terminal and axillary, often forming
an elongated leafy thyrsus at the ends of the branchlets, rusty-pubes-
cent or -tomentose ; peduncles short ; branches trichotomous ; pedicels
stout or slender, ‘1 to -2 in. long, often 3 together; bracts leafy,
caducous; bracteoles ovate, acute, very small; buds clavate, tip conical;
flowers greenish- or yellowish- white. Calyz-lobes ovate-acute or lan-
ceolate, ‘05 to ‘1 in. long; glands none. Corolla-tube ‘1 in. long, cylin-
dric at base, dilated and nearly globose opposite the stamens and then
again constricted; pubescent without where dilated, glabrous within ;
mouth with slightly thickened folds and villous; lobes :15 to ‘2 in.

494 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

long, linear-falcate, with a twisted sparsely hirsute tip, white-hirsute
within. Stamens very small; anthers ‘05 in. long, with small spurs.
Disk with 5 linear capitate lobes. Ovary of 2 villous carpels; style
slender, ‘05 in. long; stigma globose, with a conical tip. ollzcles
very slender, cylindrical, 3 to 6 in. long, ‘1 to ‘15 in. broad, curved,
rusty-pubescent at first, afterwards glabrous; pericarp thin. Seeds
linear-cylindrie, -4 to ‘75 in. long, very slender, deeply grooved, scarcely
beaked, tipped with a scanty white coma 1 in. long; testa thin, dark
brown ; cotyledons linear, very thin, ‘3 to ‘4 in. long, very narrow;
radicle barely ‘05 in. long. A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 315; Benth. FI.
Austral. IV. 315; Wight Ic. t. 430; Wall. Cat. 1674; Brandis For. FI.
- 827; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 147; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng.
XLVI. ii. 256, and For. Fl. IT. 186; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 669; Mig.
Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 448 and Suppl. 556; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 142; Cooke
Fl. Bomb. IT. 142; Prain Beng. Plants 680. J. radicans, Wall. Cat.
1676. JI. dasycalyx, Mig. l.c. 449. Hchites frutescens, Wall. Cat.
ova; Roxb: We Tnds iy a2:

Perak: Scortechint 2199; King’s Collector 820, 7049, 10986.—
Distris. India, Ceylon, Burma, Sumatra, Java, Australia (Queensland).

2. IcHNocaRPUS ovATiFoLIus, A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 435 (1844). A
climbing shrub; branchlets blackish-brown, terete ; innovations slightly
rusty-pubescent. Leaves variable, chartaceous; orbicular ovate or
elliptic, obtuse acute or cuspidate at apex, rounded or attenuate or
cuneate at base; glabrous on the upper surface, glabrous and paler on
the lower or the midrib, villous; margins slightly recurved; 3 to 6 in.
long, 15 to 3 in. broad; midrib slender, impressed above; main
nerves 0 to 6 pairs, curved upwards to and along the margin; secondary
nerves few; reticulations elegantly netted, conspicuous on the under
surface of young leaves, scarcely visible in old ones, impressed above as
are the main nerves; petiole slender, usually pubescent, -4 to °6 in. long.
Cymes paniculate, up to 5 in. long, terminal and axillary, often forming
an elongated, broad, leafy thyrsus at the ends of the branchlets; the
rachises rusty-pubescent or glabrescent; the cymules densely pubescent;
peduncles variable; branches trichotomous; pedicels stout, ‘05 to ‘1 in.
long; bracts leafy or at the uppermost nodes; bracteoles very many,
broadly ovate-acute, at the bases of the pedicels; buds obovate, tip
rounded; flowers white. Calyx campanulate; tube ‘05 in. long; lobes
ovate-acute or -acuminate, ‘06 in. long; glands none. Corolla-tube
‘l in. long, pubescent, cylindric below, then dilated opposite the
stamens; mouth not contracted, but thickened in a fold within; lobes —
‘15 in. long, linear-falcate, villous within, especially at the tips, much
twisted. Stamens very small; anthers ‘04 in. long, with small spurs, tip

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 495

acute. Disk with 5 linear-subulate, not capitate, lobes. Ovary of 2
villous carpels; style slender, ‘03 in. long; stigma globose, with a long
conical tip. ollicles cylindric, divaricate, densely rusty-pubescent.
Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 670; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 449. I. affinis,
Herb. Ind. Or. Hook. f. & Th. JI. latefoliws, Herb. Ham. in Wall. Cat.
1652. EHchites affinis, Roem. & Sch. Syst. IV. 393. Springia indica,
Muell. & Van Heurck in Plant. Nov. Van Heurck 143.

PenanG: Curtrs 810, 3082. Province WELLESLEY; Sizdley 9392.
PrerAK: Scortechini; Kunstler 181; King’s Collector 10531. Manacca :
Griffith; Maingay (K.D.) 1075, 1103. Panane: Ridley 2179. SELANGOR:
Ridley.—Disrrie. India (Sylhet and Khasia Hills), Sumatra, Borneo,
Celebes, Timor, Philippines.

28. AcANosmA, G. Don.

Stout evergreen climbing shrubs. Leaves opposite. Flowers in
many-flowered, terminal or axillary, tomentose or puberulous cymes,
large or medium-sized, often sweet-scented, usually white. Calyx
5-partite to the base or nearly so; lobes lanceolate, more or less gland-
bearing at the base within. Corolla hypocrateriform, lower part of the
tube cylindric, upper campanulate or cylindric, broader than the lower,
bearing villous longitudinal bands behind the anthers; lobes broad or
narrow, overlapping to the right, twisted more or less to the left.
Stamens inserted on the base of the upper part of the corolla-tube ;
filaments very short; anthers sagittate, conniving over and adherent to
the stigma; the cells spurred at the base, upper half only pollen-bearing.
Disk cupular or cylindric, 5-lobed. Ovary of 2 distinct carpels, in-
cluded in or somewhat exsert from the disk, usually hirsute, many-
ovuled; style short, top urn-shaped; stigma columnar, conical at tip.
Fruit of 2 terete, straight or curved, follicular mericarps. Seeds oblong-
obovate or linear-obovate, flattened, not beaked, tipped with a deciduous
silky coma; testa thin; albumen scanty; cotyledons oblong; radicle
short, superior.—Distris. India and Malaya; about 6 species.

Calyx-glands many, opposite the lobes, which are -25 in. long;

ovary half-exsert from the disk; corolla-lobes narrow, linear ;

_ leaves with a prominent intramarginal nerve as . 1. Ad. marginata.
Calyx-glands under 5, alternate with the lobes, which are 75 to

~ 1 in. long; ovary included in the disk; corolla-lobes broad,

rhomboid; leaves without a prominent intramarginal nerve .. 2. A. calycina.

1. AGANosMA MARGINATA, G. Don Gen. Hist. Dichl. Pl. IV. 77 (1838).
A stout scandent or subscandent shrub; branches stout, prominently
dotted with raised warts; branchlets slender, brown, lenticellate ; inno-
vations glabrous or rusty-pubescent; nodes, both of branches and

496 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

branchlets, with prominent ridges. Leaves membranous; oblong-lan-
ceolate or elliptic-oblong, acuminate at apex often abruptly, rounded at
base; glabrous above, glabrous or pubescent beneath; 2 to 5 in. long,
‘75 to 1:5 in. broad; midrib slender, channelled above, raised beneath ;
main nerves 12 to 16 pairs at an angle of about 60° with the midrib,
slightly arching to meet in a prominent intramarginal looped nerve,
the lowest 1 or 2 pairs occasionally free, raised beneath; secondary
nerves also prominent, usually one between each pair of main nerves;
reticulations netted; petiole :15 to 25 in. long, slender. Cymes terminal
or more often axillary, di-tri-chotomous, puberulous, variable in size
but reaching to about 4 in. in length and 3 in. in breadth; peduncles
about 1 to 2 in. long; branches gradually shorter; ultimate cymules
corymbose; pedicels -15 in. long; bracts caducous; bracteoles linear-
subulate, -25 in. long; buds cylindrical, slender; flowers white. Calyz-
tube almost none ; lobes lanceolate-acuminate, -25 in. long, glabrous or
pubescent, nerved, with many small subulate glands at the base within,
especially on the inner lobes. Corolla-tube cylindric above, enlarged at
the base below the stamens and sometimes slightly constricted near the
mouth, which is thickened, 25 in. long, glabrous except for 5 villous
bands behind the anthers within; lobes narrow, linear, acute, -5 to °7 in.
long. Stamens inserted a little above the base of the tube; anthers
lanceolate-acuminate, -15 in. long; filaments very short. Ovary of
2 obtuse carpels, glabrous, half sunk in the disk; style slender,
annulate at top; stigma conoidal. Follicles pendulous, slender,
slightly divergent, 52 to 1°5 ft. long, :3 to ‘4 in. broad, glabrous, dark
brown, speckled, at first joined at the tip. Seeds linear-oblong, °3 in.
long, crowned with a silky coma 1:5 in. long; albumen very scanty.
Wight Ic. t. 425; A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 433; Kurz in Journ. As. Soe.
Beng. XLVI. ii. 256, and For. Fl. II. 186; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. ITI. 663;
Prain Beng. Plants 679. A. acwminata, G. Don l.c.; Wight Ie. t. 424;
A. DC. l.c. 484; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 447. A. macrocarpa, A. DC. l.c.
434; Mig. l.c. Hchites marginata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. II. 15; Wall. Cat.
1661. HH. acwminata, Roxb. l.c. EH. macrocarpa, Wall. Cat. 1662.
E. reticulata, Boj. Hort. Maur. 211. EH. apoxys, Voigt Hort. Sub. |
Cale. 522. ? H, cristata, Roth. Noy. Pl. 135. ? Chonemorpha cristata,
G. Don l.c. 76.

Trana: Curtis 3393; King’s Collector 1426. Kenan: on Langkawi
Island, Curtts 2792. Prnane: Curtis 664. PrraKk: Scortechini 6, 7,
68; Kung’s Collector 7321. Mauacca: Griffith; Maingay (K.D.) 1076,
1000 to 1002. Panana: Ardley in Trans. Linn. Soc., Ser. 2, III. 3219.
SinGAPORE: Murton 74.—Distris. India (Sylhet and Chittagong),
Burma, Jaya, Sumatra, Philippine Islands.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 497

2. AGcANosMa caLycina, A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 432 (1844). An im-
mense (Scortechini) climbing shrub ; branchlets stout, as thick as a
goosequill, ferruginous-puberulous; nodes faintly ringed. Leaves coriaceo-
chartaceous ; elliptic or elliptic-oblong or elliptic-ovate, shortly and
abruptly acuminate at the rounded apex, attenuately rounded at base ;
glabrous on both sides except for a few sparse hairs beneath; margins
recurved ; 3:5 to 6 in. long, 1:5 to 3°5 in. broad: midrib stout, impressed
above, raised beneath; main nerves 7 to 10 pairs, starting at an angle
of about 80° to 85° with the midrib and curving upwards to and along
the margin ; secondary nerves few, inconspicuous; reticulations minutely
netted, impressed and prominent beneath ; petiole -5 in. long, articulate.
Cymes terminal, sessile, dichotomous, rusty-puberulous, corymbosely
flattened, reaching to 5 in. in length and 8 in breadth; main peduncles
1 to 3 in. long, somewhat flattened, stout; branches similar but shorter
and thinner; pedicels ‘5 to ‘75 in. long; bracts leafy, ovate-acuminate,
caducous; bracteoles lanceolate, similar to calyx-lobes; buds conical ;
flowers large, white, handsome. Calyzx-lobes lanceolate acuminate, °75
to 1 in. long, fulyous-tomentose, the inner 3 broadly keeled on the back ;
scales minute, subulate, 3 to 5 at the base within and between the
lobes. Corolla-tube cylindric, rather stout, lower part narrowed, upper
part broad and then slightly narrowed upwards, ‘4 to ‘d in. long, 5-
suleate, pubescent without, ferruginous-villous within in bands behind
the stamens; lobes rhomboid, broad, half glabrous, half tomentose, as
long as tube, twisted to the left. Stamens inserted on the broadest part
of the tube within ; filaments very short, densely villous; anthers
sagittate, very slender, ‘3 in. long; basal spurs somewhat rounded ; con-
nective pubescent. Disk glabrous, conical, 5-furrowed and -lobed, :15 in.
long, enclosing the ovary. Ovary of 2 carpels, glabrous below, long-
villous above; style slender, enlarged upwards and dilated into a villous
lobed cup; stigma conical, elongate. Frwt not seen. Kurz in Journ.
As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 256, and For. Fl. II. 186; Hook. f. Fl. Br.
Ind. IIT. 664. A. Roxburghit, G. Don Ex. Wight Ic. t. 440. A.
Wallichu, G. Don Gen. Hist. Dichl. Pl. IV. 77. Echites calycina,
Wall. Cat. 1653. H. caryophyllata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. II. 11.

PERAK: Scortechint 16, from Gunong Chabary; King’s Collector
10808.—Distris. Tavoy.

° 29. TRACHELOSPERMUM, Lemaire.

Climbing shrubs. Leaves opposite, penninerved. Flowers white or
purplish, in lax terminal or pseudo-axillary cymes. Calyx small, 5-
partite, with 5 to 10 small scales or glands at the base within. Corolla
hypocrateriform, the tube cylindric, dilated opposite the stamens, con-

498 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

stricted at the mouth and sometimes almost closed with the folds ;
lobes 5, oblique, twisted to the left, overlapping to the right.. Stamens
inserted above the middle of the tube, included or the apices shortly
exsert ; filaments very short, broad; anthers sagittate, shortly acuminate,
connivent around the stigma and adhering to it; the cells produced
below in sharp spurs. Dzsk annular, truncate or 5-lobed. Ovary of 2
carpels, longer than the disk; style filiform; stigma columnar, base
shortly ringed, tip conical; ovules very numerous. rut of 2
elongate incurved follicular mericarps. Seeds linear, not beaked,
crowned at the apex with a long dense coma; albumen copious;
cotyledons linear, flat; radicle short, superior.—Dtistris. India, Malaya
and Kastern Asia as far as Japan; about 8 species.

TRACHELOSPERMUM CurtTisu, King & Gamble, n. sp. A climbing
shrub ; branchlets terete, slender, uppermost with innovations and
inflorescence tawny-villous; nodes with a prominent pubescent ridge.
Leaves membranous; elliptic or elliptic-ovate, abruptly acuminate at
apex, auriculately cordate at base; strigosely hispid on both surfaces
especially on the nerves, finally glabrous; 3 to 5 in. long, 2 to 3 in.
broad ; midrib slender, impressed and keeled in old leaves; main nerves
8 to 10 pairs, the lowest pair small deflexed, the rest at about 50° to 60°
with the midrib, curved upwards to meet in an inconspicuous looped
intramarginal nerve, and joined by the prominent transverse reticu-
lations ; petiole -3 to ‘6 in. long, tawny-villous. Cymes terminal, sessile,
corymbose, tawny-villous, up to 6 in. long and 8 in. in diam.; main
branches 3 to 5; cymules congested; pedicels short, -1 to -2 in. long;
bracts leafy, caducous; bracteoles linear-subulate, densely tawny-villous
at the joints and the bases of the pedicels; buds clavate, apex conoidal ;
flowers white, very sweet-scented. Calyz-lobes linear-lanceolate, slightly
villous without, ‘1 in. long, longer than the tube, with small subulate
scales at the base between the lobes. Corolla-tube narrowed below,
then dilated opposite the stamens, then gradually narrowed to the con-
stricted mouth, ‘5 to ‘6 in. long in all, glabrous within; lobes obliquely
triangular-spathulate, dentate at apex, -4 to -5 in. long, twisted to the
left, glabrous. Stamens inserted at or a little below the middle of the
tube; filaments stout, short, rugose, decurrent below; anthers sagittate,
membranously apiculate; spurs as long as or longer than the pollen-
bearing cells, slender, incurved below. Dzsk annular, 5-lobed, fleshy ;
lobes slightly emarginate. Ovary of 2 carpels, villous above, rounded ;
style slender, gradually enlarged; stigma columnar, obscurely angled,
with a short spreading ring below and conical point. ollicles 8 to
9 in. long, ‘25 in. broad, somewhat flattened, divergent at about right
angles and curved inwards to an acute tip; pericarp scabrous-puberulous,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 499

dark brown with a reddish tinge. Seeds oblong,’7 to’8 in. long, ‘2 in. broad,
acute at base, slightly narrowed above and then broadening below the
1 to 1:5 in. long white-silky persistent coma; testa thin, dark brown;
albumen moderate ; cotyledons lanceolate, ‘5 to *6 in. long, ‘1 in. broad ;
radicle short.

PenanG: at Balick Pulau, Curtis 838. Prrax: King’s Collector 5194.

We have been a good deal in doubt of the genus of this species; in the Kew
Herbarium it was placed with Chonemorpha, but the comparatively small flowers and
different seeds distinguish it from that genus; in some respects it comes most nearly
to Epigynum, but on the whole we prefer to keep it where we first placed it in
Trachelospermum, to which genus it seems to us to come most near, especially in the
characters of the inflorescence and the fruit. There is in the Kew Herbarium a
Species (unnamed) which approaches very near to this. It has been sent from the ~
Khasia Hills (Hook. f. and Th.) ; from Manipur (Watt 7272); and from Yunan (Henry
12136). When it comes to be described with full material, it is by no means unlikely
that the two will be found to require a new genus.

30. Hpreynum, Wight.

Climbing shrubs. Leaves opposite, penninerved, the nerves arching.
Flowers canescent-tomentose, in dense subcapitate corymbose or pani-
culate leafy cymes at the ends of the branches. Calyx small, 5-fid;
the lobes narrow, eglandular or with few glands. Corolla hypocra-
teriform ; the tube elongate, dilated opposite the stamens; the throat
villous, without scales; lobes 5, twisted to the left or nearly erect, over-
lapping to the right. Stamens inserted below the middle of the tube,
included; filaments short; anthers linear-sagittate, acuminate, connivent
around the stigma and hardly adhering to it; cells spurred at the base.
Disk fleshy, 5-lobed, lining the calyx-tube. Ovary of 2 distinct carpels,
dorsally adnate to the disk and surmounted by it; style filiform; stigma
cylindric, with annular base and conical tip; ovules many in each carpel.
F'rwt of two linear terete distinct follicular mericarps sometimes torulose.
Seeds elongate, compressed, broad at the tip and crowned with a thick
coma of silky hairs; testa very thin; albumen moderate or scanty;
cotyledons oblong, narrow, foliaceous; radicle short, superior. —DIstRIB.
Malay Peninsula and Archipelago ; about 4 to 5 species.

Leaves elliptic ; main nerves 6 to 7 pairs, straight at first :—
Leaves glabrous beneath except for tufts in the nerve-axils ;

corolla-tube grey-tomentose without . .. IL. EH. perakense.
Leaves tomentose beneath, not tufted in fe nervye-axils ;
corolla-tube tawny-tomentose without re . 2. H. Maingayi.

Leaves lanceolate; main nerves 7 to 8 pairs, curved ; abil
tube greyish- sion tomentose :—
Teaves prominently tawny-villous in the nerve-axils and along
the midrib beneath, otherwise glabrous; flower-buds under
“75 in. long; corolla-lobes rounded at tip Be oo) By Jie Copriasics

8

500 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Leaves not tufted in the nerve axils, sparsely strigose-hirsute
beneath ; flower-buds over 1 in. long; corolla-lobes squared
at tip 06 be te te .. 4. H. Ridleyi.

1. EPIGyYNUM PERAKENSE, King & Gamble, n. sp. A large climbing
shrub; branchlets slender, reddish-brown, terete, uppermost and
innovations minutely puberulous; nodes ringed. Leaves membranous ;
elliptic or elliptic-oblong, acute or shortly acuminate at apex, acute-
cuneate rhomboid or almost rounded at base; glabrous on both sur-
faces except for tufts of hair in the axils of the main nerves beneath ;
margins slightly recurved; 2 to 4 in. long, 1:5 to 2:5 in. broad; midrib
slender, pale, raised beneath; main nerves 6 to 7 pairs, prominently
raised beneath and pale, at from 50° to 70° with the midrib, nearly
straight, meeting in a widely looped intramarginal nerve; secondary
nerves few; reticulations irregular, scanty, prominent; petiole :25 to
‘5 in. long, twisted, articulate. Cymes terminal or axillary, crowded,
grey-tomentose, trichotomous, up to about 1:5 to 2 in. long and broad ;
peduncles none or short; branch peduncles short ; pedicels about *15 in.
long; bracts leafy, caducous; bracteoles many, usually 2 to 3 to each
pedicel, ovate-acuminate, similar to the calyx-lobes; buds clavate,
twisted, -5 to °75 in. long; flowers white. Calya small, lobes
ovate-acuminate, ‘075 in. long, with minute scales at the base.
Jorolla-tube cylindric, dilated below opposite the stamens, ‘6 to
7 in. long, grey-tomentose without, slightly villous within; throat
with tufts of hair between the lobes; lobes -25 in. long, oblong,
crenulate, rounded, twisted to the left, glabrous within, glabrous on the
upper, tomentose on the lower half without. Stamens inserted a little
above the base of the tube; filaments short, slender; anthers sagittate-
acuminate with long spurs, -15 to 175 in. long. Disk annular, 5-lobed,
glabrous. Ovary of 2 glabrous carpels attached by their backs to the
disk and within it; style slender; stigma cylindric, with a spreading ring
below and conical tip. Follicles 10 to 12 in. long, densely brown-
tomentose when young, tawny-puberulous when old, divaricate at about
a right angle, torulose, the swellings opposite the seeds nearly 25 in. in
diam., between them about ‘1 in.; pericarp chartaceous, thin. Seeds
slender, fusiform, 1 in. long, flattened, gradually broadening upwards to
an oblique tip, and furnished with a 1 in. long white silky coma; testa
thin, scabrous; cotyledons narrowly linear-oblong, °25 in. long ; radicle
very small, 05 in. long.

Perak: Wray 1802, 1946, 2365, 4267; Scortechint 1474; Kong’s
Collector 1971, 2324.

This species comes near to EZ. Griffithianum, Wt., but has rather different more
acuminate leaves with pale nerves when dry, and larger flowers not so villous within.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 501

2. Epigynum Marneayti, Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. III. 666 (1882). A
climbing shrub; branchlets slender with ferruginous tomentum. Leaves
membranous ; elliptic, acute both at apex and at base; glabrous or
minutely puberulous on the upper, yellowish-brown-tomentose on the
lower surface ; margin slightly recurved; 3:5 to 4°d in. long, 1°5 to 2°5 in.
broad; midrib stout, prominently raised beneath; main nerves 6 to
7 pairs, at about 60° with the midrib, at first nearly straight, then
slightly curving to join an intramarginal looped nerve; secondary
nerves few, inconspicuous as are the rather distant reticulations;
petiole -25 in. long, tawny-tomentose. Cymes terminal or axillary,
trichotomous, tawny-tomentose, reaching about 3 in. in length and 2 in.
in breadth; peduncles 1 to 1:5 in. long; main branch peduncles
‘) to °75 in. long, eymules paniculate ; pedicels -2 to -3 in. long, stout ;
bracts leafy, deciduous; bracteoles ovate-acuminate, ‘075 to -1 in. long,
3 to each pedicel; buds clavate, whitish-brown-tomentose, ‘5 to °75 in.
long; flowers white. Calyx small; lobes ovate-acuminate, ‘1 in. long, each
with about 3 subulate pubescent scales at the base within. Corolla-tube
cylindric, tawny-tomentose, slightly dilated below opposite the stamens,
gradually enlarged above, with 5 villous longitudinal lines within, ‘6 to
‘7 in. long; throat with tufts of hair between the lobes; lobes oblong,
erenulate, rounded, twisted to the left, glabrous within, glabrous on one
half and tomentose on the other half without. Stamens inserted a
little above the base of the tube; filaments slender; anthers very
narrowly sagittate, long-acuminate above and with spurs as long below,
‘175 in. long in all. Disk annular, faintly undulate on the margin,
glabrous. Ovary of 2 glabrous carpels attached to the disk at their
backs and within it; style slender; stigma slender, cylindric, ‘1 in. long,
with a spreading ring below and conical point above. ollzcles 6 to
8 in. long, -15 to ‘25 in. broad, slender, cylindric, flexuous, rusty-
tomentose. Seeds fusiform, pubescent, compressed, °6 to ‘7 in. long,
obliquely truncate at top and crowned with a coma of white silky
hairs.

PERAK: in open bamboo forests, 400 to 600 ft., King’s Collector
8734. Manacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1088. Senancor: at Kwala
Lumpor, Fzdley.

3. Epicynum Curtisu, King & Gamble, n. sp. A climbing shrub ;
branchlets slender, terete, uppermost and innovations puberulous.
Leaves membranous; lanceolate, acuminate at apex, attenuate and
finally rounded at base; glabrous above, glabrous beneath except along
the midrib and for the large hairy tufts in the axils of the main nerves;
margins slightly recurved; 3-5 to 4:5 in. long, 1 to 1°5 in. broad; midrib
slender, raised beneath ; main nerves 7. to 8 pairs. at an angle of 60°

a

502 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

with the midrib, curving upwards and branching to form an obscure
intramarginal looped nerve; secondary nerves not conspicuous; reticu-
lations irregular, prominent beneath; petiole -25 in. long. Cymes ter-
minal and axillary, pubescent, paniculate, few- (20- to 25-) flowered,
reaching 3 to 35 in. long and about 1:5 in. broad; peduncles none or
short, as are the branches; pedicels ‘15 to ‘2 in. long; bracts leafy,
persistent; bracteoles ovate-acute, small, 1 to 2 at the base of each
pedicel; buds elongate-clavate, ‘5 to °75 in. long; flowers white. Calyx-
tube ‘05 in. long; lobes ovate-acuminate, reflexed, with 1 or 2 small
scales at base within. Corolla-tube cylindric, slightly dilated below
opposite the stamens, greyish-tawny-tomentose without and with
pubescent lines within, ‘6 in. long; throat with a villous ring; lobes
obovate, °3 in. long, twisted slightly to left in flower, more so in bud,
glabrous within, glabrous without on upper, pubescent on lower half
which is exposed in bud. Stamens inserted a little above the base of
the tube; filaments slender; anthers narrowly sagittate, long-acuminate,
175 in. long; spurs long and slender. Disk annular, shortly lobed.
Ovary of 2 glabrous carpels attached by their backs to the disk and
within it; style slender ; stigma conical, ‘075 in. long, with a spreading
ring below. Fruit not seen.

PENANG: on the road to Penara Bukit, at 2000 ft., Cwrtes 2441.

4. Epieynum Ripueyi, King & Gamble, n. sp. A slender climber;
branchlets brown, terete, uppermost parts tawny-pubescent, nodes
slightly raised. Leaves chartaceous; lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate,
acuminate at apex, attenuate at base; glabrous on the upper surface,
sparsely strigosely-hirsute on the lower, especially on the nerves; mar-
gin slightly recurved; 2 to 4 in. long, 1 to 1:5 in. broad; midrib slender
but prominent ; main nerves 8 to 10 pairs, at an angle of about 60° with
the midrib, nearly straight to meet a looped intramarginal nerve;
secondary nerves irregular ; reticulations few, transverse; petiole slender,
‘25 to ‘5 in. long, pubescent, channelled above. Cymes terminal, densely
rusty-villous; the branches sessile or pedunculate, few-flowered (7 to 8),
trichotomous ; bracts leafy, the lowest similar to the leaves, the suc-
ceeding ones smaller by degrees; bracteoles minute, ovate-acute, on the
short (‘2 to °3 in. long) pedicels; buds very slender with narrowly
conical tips, 1:5 to 1:75 in. long, densely pubescent; flowers white.
Calyz-tube short; lobes ovate, acuminate, villous without, glabrous
within, 15 in. long; scales none or very minute. Corolla-tube very
slender, enlarged below opposite the stamens, gradually widening above,
1 to 1:5 in. long; rusty-villous without, also in vertical lines within,
otherwise glabrous ; lobes rhomboid, crenate, glabrous except the lower
part outside which is exposed in bud, -25 to ‘3 in. long, twisted slightly

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 503

to the left. Stamens inserted a little above the base of the tube; fila-
ments *15 in. long, flattened, puberulous; anthers sagittate, ‘25 in. long,
with a membranous tip and long basal spurs. Disk 5-lobed ; lobes sparsely
long hirsute. Ovary of 2 glabrous carpels within the disk ; style slender ;
stigma long cylindric, with a spreading fimbriate ring below and conical
tip. Fruit not known.

Perak: at Rawang, Ridley 7567.

The following species is here described as likely to be eventually
found in the Peninsula :—

Epicynum Forsesit, King & Gamble, n. sp, A climbing shrub; branchlets
slender, terete, uppermost minutely puberulous. Leaves chartaceous; elliptic or
elliptic-oblong, acute or shortly acuminate at apex, cuneate at base; glabrous or with
scattered hairs above, glabrous beneath ; 3-5 to 5°d in. long, 1 to 2:5 in. broad: mid-—
rib slender, prominent beneath; main nerves 8 to 10 pairs, arching upwards to and
along the margin and meeting in an intramarginal looped nerve, raised beneath ; secon-
dary nerves many; reticulations distant, irregular; petiole ‘2 to -4 in. long, twisted.
Cymes terminal and axillary, about 20-flowered, congested, tawny-tomentose, sessile or
very shortly peduncled ; bracts leafy ; bracteoles small, ovate-acuminate, 2 to 3 at the
bases of the ‘1 in. long pedicels ; buds clavate with large conical heads ; flowers white.
Calyx-lobes ovate-acuminate, -1 to ‘15 in. long, eglandular. Corolla-tube slender,
cylindric, dilated below opposite the stamens, often twisted, 1 in. long; lobes spathu-
late, erenulate, glabrous except the part exposed in the bud, twisted to the left, -6 in.
long. Stamens inserted a little above the base; filaments short, slender; anthers
narrowly sagittate, acuminate. Disk glabrous, 5-lobed. Ovary of 2 glabrous carpels
adnate to the disk; style slender; stigma cylindric, with a spreading ring below and
conical tip. Fruit not seen.

Sumatra: near Bijin Telok, 500 ft., Forbes 3236. Haviland’s No. 3048 from —
Kuching, Borneo, resembles this very closely, but has the leaves more lanceolate and
longer acuminate.

31. Micrecuites, Mig.

Large climbing shrubs with pubescent inflorescence, otherwise
glabrous. Leaves opposite, penninerved. Flowers small, in axillary and
terminal dichotomous thyrsoid or brachiate panicled cymes. Calyx
small, deeply 5-fid or 5-partite, with obtuse lobes, many-glandular
within. Corolla subhypocrateriform; the tube ovoid-campanulate, naked
at the mouth ; lobes 5 faleate, very oblique, sometimes forked, the upper
half deflexed in bud, overlapping to the right. Stamens inserted near

the bottom of the tube, included; filaments short; anthers sagittate,
conniving round and adhering to the stigma; cells produced at the base
into empty spurs. Disk annular or cupular, entire or 5-lobed. Ovary
of 2 distinct carpels, longer than the disk; style short; stigma ovoid or
oblong, with a short obtuse apiculus; ovules very many. Fruit of 2
-divaricate, thick, subterete, follicular mericarps. Seeds generally few,
linear-oblong, compressed, not beaked, with a terminal persistent coma;

504 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

albumen scanty; cotyledons narrowly linear, elongate; radicle very
short.—Distris. India and Malaya, about 4 species.

Leaves almost coriaceous, broad; inflorescence many-branched,

many-flowered ; corolla-lobes short, often forked, reflexed -. 1. M. polyantha.
Leaves chartaceous, narrow; inflorescence scarcely branched,
very few-flowered ; corolla-lobes long, not forked, spreading .. 2. W. elliptica

var. Scortechinit.

1. MicrEcHITES POLYANTHA, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 457 (1856). A slen-
der climbing shrub; branches obscurely angled; branchlets dark brown,
terete; innovations sparsely pubescent. Leaves chartaceo-coriaceous ;
elliptic-obovate elliptic-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or obtusely
acuminate at apex, cuneate attenuate or sometimes slightly rounded at
base; glabrous on both surfaces; 2 to 45 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad;
midrib stout, prominent beneath; main nerves 10 to 15 pairs, slender,
at an angle of 60° to 70° with the midrib, nearly straight to join in an
obscure intramarginal nerve; secondary nerves many, similar to and
between but more slender than the main nerves; reticulations very
oblique ; petiole ‘5 to 1 in. long, channelled above, often twisted. Cymes
terminal and axillary, thyrsoid, rusty-tomentose, much branched, at length
often elongating in slender bracteolate racemes, reaching 5 to 7 in. in
length and 3 in. in breadth; rachises angular or flattened; peduncle 0 to
2 in. long; pedicels very short and stout, ‘05 to -1 in. long; bracts lanceo-
late, caducous; bracteoles very many, persistent, ovate, acute or obtuse,
conspicuous especially after the fall of the flowers; buds ovoid or
conical; flowers white. Calyx campanulate; lobes ovate, rounded,
rusty-tomentose without, glabrous within, -05 to -15 in. long; the base
inside furnished with minute scales mixed with villous hairs. Corolla
campanulate or urceolate, ‘15 to 2 in. long, contracted at the mouth,
glabrous without, puberulous within; lobes falcately lanceolate with a
knee at the base, or bilobed, the divisions unequal, much reflexed,
pubescent at the mouth, ‘05 to -125in. long. Anthers acuminate. Ovary
densely villous. follicles terete, cylindric, 6 to 12 in. long, divergent
at about 120° and curving upwards so as nearly or quite to meet again,
acuminate at tip; pericarp thin, dark brown, glabrous. Seeds linear-
oblong, narrow, compressed, 1 to 1:5 in. long, somewhat enlarged
at the apex and furnished with a thick, close, persistent, tawny coma
2 in. long; testa thin, dark brown; albumen scanty; cotyledons
linear, very slender, 1 in. long; radicle minute. Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind.
Ill. 671. Tabernemontana polyantha, Blume Bijd. 1029; A. DC.,
Prodr. VIII. 376.

Penane: Curtis 850; Ridley 9426. Prrax: Ridley 2896; Wray
1815, 2604; King’s Collector 4430, 5875, 6564, 6840, 8404, 8859, 10003.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 505

SELANGOR: [idley 7412. Manacca : Maingay (K.D.) 1081.—Dtsrris.
Andaman Islands, Java.

Some of the specimens examined differ in the size of the flowers; in the inflores-
cence, and in the greater or less bifurcation of the corolla-lobes, but we have not
succeeded in separating any of them as species or even varieties, and prefer to consider
them all as forms of one.

2. Micrecuites EvuIptTica, Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 671 (1882).
Ehyncospernmm 4, Herb. Ind. Or. Hook. f. & Th.

India in Sikkim Himalaya at 4000 to 6000 ft., and Khasia Hills at
3000 to 4000 ft.

Var. Scortechinw, King & Gamble. A climbing shrub. Leaves char-
taceous ; lanceolate, obtusely long-acuminate at apex, cuneate at base ;
glabrous on both surfaces; 3 to 3-5 in. long, 1 to 1:5 in. broad; main.
nerves 10 to 12, very slender, not conspicuous; secondary nerves many ;
reticulations oblique; petiole -25 in. long. Cymes terminal or axillary,
very few-flowered, scarcely reaching 1 to 1:5 in.long, minutely puberulous;
pedicels slender, :2in. long; bracteoles ovate, persistent; buds ovoid, obtuse.
Calyx-lobes ovate, ciliate, rounded, :075 in. long. Corolla-tube cylindric,
‘1 in. long, constricted slightly at the mouth; lobes linear-oblong, -15
in. long, twisted, glabrous, much turned to the left. Anthers sagittate,
acuminate; filaments very short. Ovary densely villous. Fruit not known.

Perak: Scortechine.

This may prove, when better specimens are available, to be incapable of separation
from the Indian type.

Family LXXVI. ASCLEPIADACE ZL.

Herbs or shrubs, erect or more usually twining, often with a
tuberous rootstock or fleshy roots; juice milky or watery; stems simple
or branched, usually woody, sometimes succulent. Leaves opposite or
whorled, sometimes wanting, very rarely alternate; thin or fleshy, quite
entire, sometimes with an interpetiolar stipulary line or teeth. Flowers
hermaphrodite, very variable in size and form but always regular;
solitary or few or many together, in umbels, umbel-like cymes, fascicles
or racemes, axillary, lateral between the bases of the leaves or terminal.
Calyx inferior, of 5 sepals or 5-lobed; lobes imbricate, usually with
minute glandular scales at the base within. Corolla hypogynous, gamo-
petalous, regular, 5-lobed, various in shape ; tube usually short (long in
Ceropegia), sometimes furnished within or at its mouth with variously
shaped processes forming a corolline corona; lobes imbricate, contorted
or valvate in zstivation, often recurved, sometimes more or less erect and
connate at their tips. Stamens 5, inserted at or near the base of the
corolla and alternate with its lobes, rarely higher up; filaments some-

506 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

times free, more usually connate in a tube around the ovary, forming
with the anthers and their terminal appendages a staminal column,
with the apex often united to the dilated part of the style, usually with
more or less fleshy processes on the back forming a stanwnal corona ;
anthers free or united to the dilated part of the style, 2-celled ; the cells
dehiscing by apical longitudinal or transverse slits; the margins of the
anthers or their basal prolongations below the cells more or less horny
and wing-like (the anther-wings), usually projecting outwards; the
adjacent wings of each pair of anthers nearly meeting and forming
between them very narrow fissures leading to the stigmatic cavities ;
connectives of the anthers often produced into membranous rarely
fleshy or inflated terminal appendages which are sometimes connate ;
pollen-contents of each anther-cell granular or united into one or two
waxy masses (pollen-masses) formed of an indefinite number of pollen-
grains and attached in pairs or in fours, sometimes directly but more
usually by means of arm-like caudicles to each of the 5 small, usually
horny, turgid or bilobed pollen-carriers, which rest one on each of the
5 angles of the dilated part of the style, the whole forming the pollama,
the masses attached to each pollen-carrier always being derived from the
cells of two different but adjacent anthers; when granular, each granule
is formed of about 4 pollen-grains united together, and, on the dehiscence
of the anthers, the whole is loosely contained in the horny spoon-,
trumpet-, or trowel-like or bifid appendicle tapering downwards into a
short or long caudicle attached to a soft (adhesive?) pollen-carrier gland.
Ovary superior, of 2 one-celled, many-ovuled, carpels, free below; the
styles united above and dilated into a pentagonal disk (style-apex) which
is flat or depressed in the centre, with or without a conical or otherwise
shaped tip, and bears on its angles the pollen-carriers and immediately
beneath them, behind the fissures between the anther-wings, the 5 stig-
matic cavities; ovules usually numerous, rarely few or solitary, anatro-
pous, pendulous, imbricate in several series on the projecting placenta.
F'rwit of 2 (or 1 by suppression) divaricate or parallel follicular mericarps,
dehiscing by the ventral suture and usually liberating the placenta ;
pericarp usually smooth, sometimes echinate or winged. Seeds usually
flat, sometimes ovoid or cylindric, usually with a broad or narrow
margin, generally crowned with a coma of long silky hairs, sometimes
fringed, sometimes without any tuft; testa thin or thick; albumen
usually thin, sometimes rather thick, sometimes none; embryo large,
nearly or quite filling the seed; cotyledons flat; radicle usually
cylindric, superior.— Distriz. <A large Family of more than 1800
species, widely distributed over tropical and subtropical, with a few
in temperate, regions.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 507

As in the Family Arocynacem, in which we were much assisted by Dr. O. Stapf’s
account of it in the ‘Flora of Tropical Africa,’ Vol. IV. Sect. 1, so in AscLEPIADACEa
we have been indebted to that by Mr. N. E. Brown in the same work, which has
helped us properly to understand the morphology of a very difficult but most interesting
Family of plants. We wish also to mention that much assistance was derived from
the account of the Family and its Western India genera given by Dr. T. Cooke, C.1.E.,
in Vol. II. of his ‘ Flora of the Presidency of Bombay.’

ANALYSIS OF THE TRIBES.

Pollen granular, loosely contained in the more or less ae
late or bifid appendicles, not attached to the latter . I. PerrpLoces.
Pollen united into very minute waxy masses, 4 or 2 of which are
sessile upon a very minute quadrate pale-coloured pollen-carrier II. Srcamonum.
Pollen united in waxy opaque masses without pellucid margin,
usually of fair size and attached in pairs by caudicles to the
dark-coloured pollen-carriers :—

Pollen-masses pendulous .. .- III. Cynancura.

Pollen-masses erect or horizontal, very rarely nendulons .. ITV. Marsprentem.
Pollen united in waxy masses pellucid on one margin or at the
apex, and attached in pairs by caudicles to the pollen-carriers V. CERopEGiEm.

Tribe I. PERIPLOCE.

Filaments of the stamens free; anthers acute or with the connectives
produced in terminal appendages connivent over the style-apex and
frequently connate. Pollen-contents of each anther-cell of numerous
loose granules, each granule formed of 3 to 4 pollen-grains united in
lines or tetrads. Appendicles spathulate, trumpet-shaped or trowel-
shaped, sometimes bipartite, horny, attached by short or long caudicles
to an adhesive pollen-carrier gland at the base, which is itself attached
to the angles of the style-apex, holding the pollen-granules loosely but
not attached to them.

Corona-processes none :—

Anthers with long appendages ; climbers :—
Anther appendages erect, thick, curving inwards at tip .. 1. PHYLUANTHERA.

Anther appendages erect, bearded, erect at tip .. 2, PENTANURA.
Anthers with short appendages curving over the style-apex ;
shrubs et a ee oc .. 3. GoNGYLOSPERMA.
Corona-processes 5 :—
Corona-processes short, thick ae 5c .. 4. HemipEsmus.

Corona-processes filiform, behind the stamens :—

Stamens without alternating glands between the filaments ;

corolla-lobes rounded :—
Follicles short, broad, ribbed ; corolla large .. .. 5. FINLAYSONIA.
Follicles cylindric, narrow, not ribbed; corolla small .. 6. GyMNANTHERA.

Stamens with glands between the filaments :—
Corolla-lobes elongate, linear-lanceolate ; anther appen-
dages long, narrow .. 28 -. 7. ATHBRANDRA.
Corolla-lobes short, ovate ; authors appendaues short, thick 8. StREPTOCAULON.

508 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

1. PHYLLANTHERA, Blume.

Glabrous climbing shrubs. Leaves opposite, with nerves at right
angles to the midrib, pale beneath. lowers long-pedicelled, sub-
racemose, reddish, in lax pedunculate cymes from one axil of a pair of
leaves. Calyx short, 5-fid ; lobes ovate ; scales 5, alternate with the
lobes within, membranous. Corolla campanulate-rotate, fleshy, deeply
5-fid, papillose within; lobes suboblique, concave, overlapping to the
right. Corona none. Stamens affixed near the base of the corolla;
filaments free; anthers agglutinated with the style-apex, not bearded ;
appendages erect, thick, naked, curving inwards at the tip. Pollen
granular, composed of 3 to 4 granules cross-wise adherent; pollen-
carriers globose, bearing short slender caudicles ending in obliquely
funnel-shaped appendicles which carry the pollen-masses. Style-apex
capitate, obscurely 5-angled. Fruit of 2 slender divaricate follicular
mericarps. Seeds oblong; testa thin, with few silky hairs ending in a
tufted long silky coma; albumen thin; cotyledons oblong; radicle
cylindric, nearly as long as the cotyledons.—Disrris. Species 2, one of
the Malay Peninsula, the other of Java.

PHYLLANTHERA PERAKENSIS, King & Gamble, n. sp. A glabrous
slender climbing shrub, with thin slender terete branchlets. Leaves
somewhat fleshy, membranous when dry; oblong or oblong-lanceolate,
acuminate at apex, rounded at base; glabrous on both surfaces, the
lower pale, almost glaucous; margins recurved; 2°5 to 4 in. long, -75 to
1:25 in. broad; midrib prominent, impressed above, raised beneath ;
main nerves 8 to 10 pairs at right angles to the midrib, obscure, slender,
straight to join an intramarginal looped nerve at the sinus of the loops;
secondary nerves very few, between and parallel to the main nerves,
very obscure; reticulations not visible; petiole slender, -25 to °5 in. long,
slightly thickened below. Cymes few-flowered ; peduncles slender, up to
about 25 in. long; branches usually 2, reaching ‘d in. in length, sub-
racemose, with pairs of persistent small ovate acute scarious bracts ;
pedicels very slender, about -25 in. long; buds globose; flowers reddish-
brown or mottled red and yellow. Calyxz-lobes ovate, hyaline, 05 in.
long; scales -1 to ‘2 in. long, membranous. Corolla-lobes orbicular,
imbricate, -2 to ‘3 in. long, minutely papillose within; tube very short.
Anthers with appendages ‘05 to ‘075 in. long. Follicles slender, 6 to
7 in. long, :25 in. broad, the tip hooked inwards, divaricate in one straight
line; pericarp smooth, thin, dark brown, striate. Seeds many, oblong,
ridged on the ventral surface, °3 in. long, ‘06 in. broad, with a few
sparse white hairs and a deciduous silky white spreading coma 1:5 to
2in. long; testa thin, dark brown; albumen very thin; cotyledons oblong,
rather fleshy, ‘15 in. long, ‘05 in. broad; radicle cylindric, 1 in. long.

Flora of the Malayan Pennsula. 509

Perak: at Kota, Wray 2407, 3005; Scortechint; at Lartt, King’s
Collector 2059, 2181, 7314.

This species comes very near to the Javanese P. bifida, Blume, but the latter
has narrower and longer leaves, with very many (20 to 25) pairs of main nerves and
many secondary ones with the intramarginal nerve much nearer the margin. The
peduncles and branches of the cyme and the pedicels are stouter and longer and the
corolla more fleshy. The anthers are similar, but the pollen-carrier appendicles are
more obliquely funnel-shaped (see t. xxii. in Bl. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I.). The only
specimen in the Kew Herbarium is ‘‘ Coll. ‘I. Lobb, India 1868,” and may be possibly
from the Peninsula. In the Calcutta Herbarium are specimens from Sumatra (H. O.
Forbes 2436).

2. PENTANURA, Blume.

Glabrous climbing shrubs. Leaves opposite, with nerves at right
angles to the midrib or nearly so. Flowers 1 to 3, on bracteate pedun-
culate racemose cymes in the axils of or opposite to one leaf of the pair.
Calyx small, 5-fid, with 5 membranous scales alternate with the lobes
within. Corolla campanulate-rotate, fleshy, deeply 5-fid, papillose
within ; lobes oblong, concave, overlapping to the right. Corona none.
Stamens affixed near the base of the corolla, the bases distant, geniculate ;
filaments free ; anthers agglutinated with the style-apex, oblong, not
bearded; appendages lanceolate, bearded, caudiform, erect at tip.
Pollen granular, composed of 3 to 4 granules cross-wise adherent
pollen-carriers discoid, bearing slender caudicles and spathulate often
truncate appendicles which carry the pollen-masses. Style-apex
capitate, sharply 5-angled. Frwt of 2 slender divaricate follicular
mericarps. Seeds oblong, with few silky hairs ending in a tufted long
silky coma; testa thin; albumen thin; cotyledons oblong; radicle
cylindric.— Distris. Species 2, one of the Khasia Hills and Yunan,
the other of the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago.

This genus comes very near to Phyllanthera, with which we are inclined to
think it might be incorporated. It differs in the markedly pentagonal style-apex, the
bearded anther appendages, and the spathulate not funnel-shaped appendicles of the
pollen-carriers. P. khasiana, Kurz, Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 4, hardly seems to us to belong
to this genus.

PENTANURA SUMATRANA, Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I. 125, t. xxi.
(1849). A glabrous slender climbing shrub, with thin angled or
striate branchlets, bearing occasional round lenticels. Leaves charta-
ceous; elliptic, rather abruptly acuminate at apex, cuneate at base:
glabrous on both surfaces, the lower pale, almost glaucous; the margins
strongly recurved; 3 to 4 in. long, 1:25 to 1:75 in. broad; midrib
slender, slightly impressed above, raised beneath; main nerves 7 to 8
pairs, slightly raised beneath, at or a little less than right angles with

510 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

the midrib, straight to join an intramarginal looped nerve; secondary
nerves few, very faint; reticulations not visible; petiole -25 in. long,
channelled above, sometimes bearing small stipular glands at the base.
Racemes up to 2 in. long, 1- to 3-flowered, with pairs of persistent ovate
scarious bracts; pedicels slender, -15 in. long; buds ovoid, acute; flowers
deep red. Calyx-lobes ovate, acute, hyaline, -1 in. long, with ovate
acute membranous scales °03 in. long between each at the base within.
Corolla-lobes oblong or obovate-oblong, ‘d in. long by °3 in. broad, minutely
papillose within ; tube salver-shaped at base. Appendages of stamens
erect, bearded, about -03 in. long; appendicles of pollen-carriers as long.
Follicles slender, 5 to 6 in. long, ‘2 in. broad, very acute, divaricate in
a straight line, tips straight; pericarp thin, rough, striate, dark brown.
Seeds many, oblong, ridged on the ventral surface, ‘275 in. long, ‘075 in.
broad, with a few sparse white curly hairs and a deciduous silky white
spreading coma about 1:5 in. long; testa thin, dark brown; albumen
thin ; cotyledons oblong -15 in. long by 05 in. broad; radicle cylindric,
‘1 in. long. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 471; Engl. & Prantl Naturl.
Pflanzenfam. IV. 2, 211, fig. 63, D.z.

Perak: at Relan Tujor, Wray 1847, 4025; Scortechint 1303; King’s
Collector 1825, 3514.—Distris. Sumatra (Pretorius, Beccari 640).

3. GONGYLOSPERMA, King & Gamble, nov. gen.

A shrub. Leaves opposite, strongly nerved. Flowers in axillary or
_pseudo-terminal, bracteate, paniculate cymes; the branches 2- to 3-choto-
mous; pedicels slender. Calyx short, 5-partite: scales combined in a
ring. Corolla rotate-campanulate ; the tube short; lobes oblong, over-
lapping to the right. Corona none. Stamens inserted on the corolla-
tube; filaments free, broad and nearly confluent at base; anthers short;
appendages short, triangular, incurved over the style-apex; pollen-
granules elongate, of 3 to 4 pollen-grains in one line; pollen-carriers
minute, appendicles spathulate. Ovary of 2 carpels; styles distinct below,
combined above; style-apex obscurely 5-angled, flattened at top. Frit
of 2 short divaricate oblong follicular mericarps; pericarp thin, pubescent.
Seeds very small, oblong-cylindric, with a white silky coma; albumen
copious; cotyledons fleshy; radicle cylindric.— Distris. A single
species only as so far known.

GoONGYLOSPERMA CurTiIsu, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small shrub;
branches smooth, brown. Leaves coriaceous; lanceolate or oblong-
lanceolate, acute at apex, attenuate at base; both surfaces rugose, the
upper slightly puberulous, the lower pubescent, both ashy grey, the
lower much the paler; margins recurved ; 2°5 to 4'5 in. long, ‘75 to 1°75

Flora of the Malayan Penmnsula. 511

in. broad; midrib as well as all nerves and reticulations impressed
above, raised beneath; midrib thick ; main nerves stout, 18 to 20 pairs,
at about 60° with the midrib, nearly straight to join an obscure intra-
marginal looped nerve close to the margin; secondary nerves few;
reticulations closely netted; petiole rather stout, -15 to :25 in. long.
Cymes more or less grey-puberulous, reaching 1:5 in. long and 2 in.
broad; peduncle stout, °25 to °5 in. long; branches 3-chotomous
secondary branches again 3-chotomous, both furnished with pairs of
small ovate acute bracts; pedicels slender, -15 in. long; buds ovoid,
acute. Calyx short; tube very short; lobes ovate, acute, hyaline on
the margins, glandular dotted; scale-ring narrow. Corolla-tube short,
lobes oblong, blunt, -15 in. long. Corona none. Stamens few; filaments
rather thick, enlarged and almost confluent at the base ; anthers short,
rounded; appendages triangular, black, curved over the style-apex and
connate. Styles short, stout; style-apex obscurely 5-angled, flattened at
top. Follicles straight, thick, 1 to 1-25 in. long, -26 in. broad, divaricate
in a straight line, tip slightly incurved, blunt; pericarp thin, minutely
grey-pubescent. Seeds oblong-cylindric, ‘1 in. long and -05 in. thick,
ending in a sparse white silky coma ‘2 in. long; testa granular, very
thin; albumen copious ; cotyledons elliptic, fleshy, ‘06 in. long; radicle
cylindric, a little shorter than the cotyledons.

Sram States: at Poongah, in the crevices of limestone rocks,
Curtis 2951.

4, Hemipesmus, Br.

Twining shrubs. Leaves opposite or in whorls of 4. Flowers small,
greenish-purple, in opposite crowded subsessile cymes. Calyx 5-partite;
lobes acuminate; with 5 minute scales between them at their bases
within. Corolla rotate, deeply 5-fid, with valvate fleshy lobes; tube
very short. Corona-processes 5, short, thick, on the throat of the
corolla and alternate with its lobes. Stamens inserted at the base of
the corolla-tube; filaments distinct or subconnate at the base; anthers
small, cohering at the apex, terminated by inflexed appendages ;
pollen-masses cohering in pairs in each cell, granular; the caudicles of
the pollen-carriers thick below, then slender, bearing cucullate or
spreading appendicles. Style-apex 5-lobed, flat on the top. Frwt of 2
slender divaricate terete follicular mericarps. Seeds oblong, flattened,
ridged on the ventral face, ending in a broad tip bearing a long silky
coma ; albumen scanty ; cotyledons oblong, fleshy ; radicle cylindric.—
Distris. India and Malaya; species 1 or 2.

512 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

HEMIDEsMUs INDICUS, Br. in Mem. Wern. Soc. Edinb. I. 57 (1811).
A prostrate or twining shrub, with slender terete branchlets; older
branches dark brown, with prominent wart-like lenticels. Leaves char-
taceous, very variable, in pairs or whorls of 4, of which one pair
shorter than the other; elliptic-oblong to linear-lanceolate, acute or
mucronate at apex, rounded at base; glabrous on both surfaces, the
upper sometimes variegated with white, the lower often pale; margins
recurved ; 2 to 4 in. long, ‘5 to ‘75 in. broad (our specimen); midrib
slender, raised beneath or flattened; main nerves 4 to 5 pairs, curving
upwards and meeting near the margin; reticulations obscure; petiole
‘15 to ‘25 in. long, slender. Cymes opposite, on very short peduncles ;
flowers on short pedicels with many ovate-acute bracts. Calya-lobes
ovate-acute, membranous, 05 in. long; scales minute. Corolla-lobes
ovate-oblong, acute; tips incurved; -15 to -25in. long. Corona-scales often
emarginate. Follicles cylindric, 4 to 7 in. long, spreading at 180° apart
or slightly curved backwards from the straight line; tips slightly hooked;
pericarp thin, smooth. Seeds ovate-oblong, flattened, ridged on the
ventral face; testa granulate on one side and the margin, smooth on
the other; cotyledons oblong; radicle slightly shorter than cotyledons.
Wall. Cat. 8243; Wight Contrib. 63, Ic. t. 594; Deless. Ic. Sel. V. t.
55); Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 494; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Il. 465; Benth.
& Trim. Med. Pl. t. 174; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 5; Trimen FI. Cey].
III. 144; Cooke Fl. Bomb. II. 147; Prain Beng. Plants 686; Engl. &
Prantl Naturl. Pflanzenfam. IV. 2, 218, fig. 63, H.3. HAH. Wallichiz,
Mig. Pl. Hohenack. No. 359. Periploca indica, Willd. Sp. Pl. I. 1251.
Asclepias pseudo-sarsa, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 20, and FI. Ind. IT. 39, eel.
syn.—Burm. Thes. Zeyl. t. 83, fig. 1. ‘“ Naru-nundi,’ Rheede Hort.
Mal. X. t. 34.

Dinpines: at Bruas Road, Curtis —Distr1p. India, Ceylon.

The only specimen available was a very poor one with only one or two nearly
rotten flowers, but there seems no reason to doubt its identitication.

Q. FinuaysoniA, Wall.

A lofty glabrous climbing shrub with milky juice. Leaves opposite.
Flowers in 2- to 8-chotomous axillary cymes, moderate-sized, yellowish
and purple. Calyx short, 5-partite. Corolla rotate, deeply 5-fid; the
lobes broad, ovate, overlapping to the right. Corona-processes 5, fili-
form, close behind the stamens. Stamens inserted at the throat of the
corolla; filaments slender; anthers adnate to the style-apex by the
middle, ending in broad inflexed membranous acute appendages;
pollen-masses cohering in pairs in each cell; pollen granular; pollen-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 513

carriers glandular, attached to the angles of the style-apex; appendicles
slender, dilated above in a small rounded apex. Style slender; style-
apex large, fleshy, truncate and 5-angled at base, convexly conical above.
Fruit of 1 or 2 divaricate, fleshy, broad, follicular mericarps; the sides
with 1 to 4 longitudinal ribs; the tip incurved. Seeds lax, flattened,
ovate, with short rufous hairs at the margins, coma none; testa thin;
albumen scanty; cotyledons broadly oblong, fleshy; radicle short,
stout.—Distris. India and Malaya; 1 species.

FInLAysoniA opovaTa, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. II. 48, t. 162 (1831), and
Cat. 4466. A lofty glabrous climbing shrub with milky juice; branches
stout, obtusely angular, with pale brown papery, lenticellate bark.
Leaves coriaceous ; obovate, obtuse or shortly apiculate at apex, cuneate
at base ; both surfaces glabrous, the lower glaucescent ; margins slightly
recurved; 3 to 5 in. long, 1:5 to 2°5 in. broad; midrib broad, slightly
impressed above, flattened beneath; main nerves 7 to 9 pairs, at about
70° with the midrib, straight to join in an obscure looped intramarginal
nerve; secondary nerves few; reticulations many, indistinct; petiole
‘5 to Lin. long. Cymes 2 to 3:in. long; peduncle thick, often reddish,
‘75 to 1 in. long; branches divaricate, -25 to -5 in. long, usually 3;
subsequent branches usually 2, short, stout; pedicels slender, -15 in.
long; bracts ovate, acute, sheathing the bases of the branches; buds
ovoid; flowers yellowish with purple markings. Calyz-lobes ovate,
acute, ciliate, 05 in. long; scales very minute. Corolla-lobes nearly
orbicular, spreading, furnished within with long whitish hairs on a
part only, glabrous without, -2 to -3 in. long. Corona-processes
flexuose, ‘06 in. long. /ollicles thick, ventricose, about 3 in. long by
2. in. broad, broadest in the middle; tip thick, blunt, hooked ; ribs 3 to
4, slightly winged; pericarp thin. Seeds ovate, ‘7 to ‘8 in. long by 4 in.
broad, flat; the margins winged and bordered by a few long, reddish,
applied hairs, extending in a short tuft at the tip; testa thin, brown,
keeled on the ventral surface ; albumen thin ; cotyledons oblong, fleshy,
‘45 in. long, 25 in. broad, veined; radicle thick, -15 in. long. Wight
Contrib. 65; Wight Ill. t. 182, fig. 5; Griff. Notul. IV. 70, and Ice.
Pl. Asiat. t. 407; Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 494; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II.
464; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 7; Kurz For. Fl. II. 197; Prain Beng.
Plants 686; Engl. & Prantl Naturl. Pflanzenfam. IV. 2, 211, fig. 64, c.v.
Gurua obovata, Ham. in Voigt Hort. Sub. Cale. 544.

SIAMESE States: at Kasoom, Curtvs 3246. Prnane: at Butter-
worth, Curtis 483. Perak: Scortechinta 1104. Senancor: among
mangroves at Kwala Selangor, Audley 7565. Manacca: Maingay
(K.D.) 1104. Sitnearore: Fedley.—Disrris. India (Sundarbans),
Burma (Griffith, Helfer 3749). A plant of the river deltas.

O14 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

The description of Wallich is most detailed, and, it may be mentioned here, gives
a brief account of Mr. George Finlayson, in whose honour the genus was named.

6. GYMNANTHERA, Br.

Glabrous climbing shrubs. Leaves opposite. Flowers in short
axillary peduncled cymes, usually 2-branched; branches racemose
pedicels slender. Calyx short, 5-partite, with 5 or 10 or more minute
membranous scales within at the base. Corolla hypocrateriform or
rotate; the lobes spreading, overlapping to the right. Corona-processes
5, filiform on a broad base, often bifid, affixed to the corolla-tube closely
behind the stamens and subconnate with them. Stamens inserted in
the tube of the corolla; filaments short, slender above, dilated at the
base and subconnate; anthers adherent to the style-apex, produced
above in acuminate connivent appendages; pollen granular, in several
masses in each anther-cell; the granules elongate, of 3 to 4 grains
lineally arranged; pollen-carriers large, glandular; caudicles slender,
appendicles spathulate, carriers attached to the style-apex. Style
short; style-apex convex, 5-lobed at base. Frwt of 2 cylindric divari-
cate follicular mericarps. Seed not known.—Distris. About 5 species:
of the Malay Archipelago and tropical Australia.

GYMNANTHERA INSULARUM, King & Gamble, n.sp. A climbing
shrub; branches woody, thick, rough, with dark brown smooth bark and
occasional lenticels. Leaves chartaceous; elliptic or elliptic-oblong,
rounded with a short acumen at apex, attenuate at base; upper surface
dark brown when dry, lower greyish-white, both surfaces glabrous;
margins slightly recurved, 2°5 to 3:5 in. long, 1 to 1‘5in. broad; midrib
prominent, pale, impressed above, raised beneath; main nerves 12 to 14
pairs, at about 70° with the midrib, slightly curved upwards to join a
faint intramarginal looped nerve; secondary nerves faint, short; reticula-
tions netted, impressed above when dry; petiole slender, ‘5 to -75 in.
long, channelled above. Cymes puberulous, about as long as the petiole ;
peduncle short, ‘2 in. long; branches 2, racemose, with many pairs of
minute, ovate, acute bracts; pedicels rather stout, -15 in. long; buds
ovoid. Calyx very small; lobes scarcely :025 in. long, margins hyaline;
scales very small, 5 opposite to and d alternate with the lobes. Corolla-
tube very short; lobes ovate-oblong, acute, -15 to ‘2 in. long, slightly
overlapping to the right, reflexed in flower. Corona-processes 5, behind
the filaments, bifid; the lobes subulate, inner one the longer, -03 in. long.
Stamens inserted on the corolla-tube; filaments slender, broadened and
connected at base; anthers rounded; connective produced in an
acuminate tip; pollen granular, in many masses, each made up of 3 to 4

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 515

grains adherent lineally. Style short, rather slender; style-apex 5-angled
below, convex above. fruit and seeds not known.
eps: small islands near Langkawi, Curtis 3684.

7. ATHERANDRA, Dene.

Slender glabrous climbing shrubs. Leaves opposite. Flowers in
lax axillary and terminal peduncled dichotomous cymes. Calyx-tube
turbinate, 5-partite, patent in end; scales 5, quadrate, crenulate. Corolla
rotate; tube short, narrowed at the base; lobes elongate, slender,
linear-lanceolate, overlapping to the right, twisted to the left in end.
Corona-processes 9, filiform, at the back of the bases of the filaments.
Stamens inserted at the base of the corolla-tube; filaments free, alternate
with erect glands; anthers ovate, subhastate at base, connate with the
style-apex ; appendages long, acute, membranous, combined in a cone
over the style-apex ; pollen-carriers of a»viscid basal gland attached to
the base of the style-apex; appendicles oblong-spathulate, bearing many
pollen-granules of 4 grains arranged in line or in tetrads. Ovary conical,
sunk in the calyx-tube; style slender, short; style-apex long, conical,
5-lobed at base. Hruzt not known.—Disrris. One species.

ATHERANDRA ACUTIFOLIA, Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 497 (1844). A
slender twining shrub; branchlets dark brown, slightly rough; innova-
tions puberulous. Leaves chartaceous when dry; oblong-lanceolate or
obovate-oblong, acute or cuspidate at apex, attenuate and then rounded
at base; glabrous on both surfaces and reddish or greyish black when
dry, dark on the upper, almost glaucous on the lower; margins slightly
recurved ; 2 to 3:0 in. long, ‘75 to 1:75 in. broad; midrib slender,
raised beneath, sometimes puberulous ; main nerves 5 to 8 pairs, very
slender, arching upwards to and along the margin; secondary nerves
few, reticulations inconspicuous; petiole slender, -2 to -4 in. long.
Cymes very slender, reaching 3 in. in length and about the same in
breadth ; peduncles slender, about 1 in. long; branches capillary, nearly
as long; bracts in pairs, linear-subulate, ‘1 to -15 in. long; pedicels
capillary, curved, ‘75 in. long, somewhat enlarged under the calyx ; buds
conical, acuminate, -5 in. long; flowers few, brownish-yellow, distant.
Calyx-tube turbinate, with 5 small scales at the throat; lobes spreading,
lanceolate, ‘06 in. long. Corolla-tube very short; lobes linear, -75 in.
long, twisted in bud to the right, then straight, recurved in flower.
Corona-processes filiform, nearly -1 in. long, behind the stamens. Prwit
and seeds not known. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 467; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind.
ITV. 9. A. pubescens, Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I. 147, t. xxvi;
Mig. l.c. 468. A. cusprdata, Blume l.c.; Mig. l.c. Cryptolepis filiformis,
Wall. Cat. 4458.

9

516 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

KepaH: at Coah, Langkawi Island, Curtes 2591. Prenana: Wallich
4458.—Distris. Java (Lobb, &c.).

In Curtis’ specimen the glands between the filaments are very small or sometimes
none; but otherwise the specimen agrees well enough with Wallich’s.

8. SrrePtocauLon, Wight & Arn.

Twining herbs and shrubs, usually tomentose. Leaves opposite.
Flowers small, often minute, in lax sessile or peduncled trichotomous
panicled cymes in one axil only of a pair of leaves. Calyx minute,
5-partite, with 5 scales within at the base. Corolla rotate; tube very
short; lobes ovate, slightly overlapping to the right; buds conical or
pyramidal. Corona-processes filiform, adnate to the backs of the fila-
ments. Stamens inserted at the base of the corolla; filaments very
short, alternating with minute glands; anthers oblong, adherent to the
style-apex; appendages small, black, triangular, connate over the
style-apex ; pollen-carriers of a viscid gland attached to the base of the
style-apex; appendicles spathulate-funnel-shaped; pollen-masses 2 in
each anther-cell composed of pollen-granules, each of which consists of
3 to 4 grains arranged in lines or tetrads. Ovary of 2 distinct carpels ;
style short; style-apex 5-angled, depressed, top convex. Fruit of 2 divari-
cate follicular mericarps, usually pubescent. Seeds flattened, keeled on
the ventral surface, oblong; tip broad, surmounted by a long white silky
coma ; testa very thin; albumen very scanty; cotyledons ovate-oblong,
flat ; radicle cylindric, nearly as long as cotyledons.—Distriz. 6 to 7
species, of India and the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago, and the
Philippine Islands.

Main nerves of leaf 6 to 8 pairs; corolla-lobes under -1 in. long;

follicles under 3in.long .. -. IL. S. Wallichiz.
Main nerves of leaf 14 to 18 pairs ; aveila: leben over -1 in.
long; follicles over 3 in. long of 2c .. 2 S. Grifithii.

1. StreProcauLon WaLLicau, Wight Contrib. 65 (1834). A slen-
der climbing shrub with very milky juice; branchlets slightly angled,
with dark brown bark and occasional small lenticels, uppermost and
innovations densely shortly brown-pubescent. Leaves subcoriaceous ;
elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, acute with a short apiculus at apex, cuneate
at base or occasionally rounded; upper surface dull brown when dry
and puberulous, lower densely and softly brown-tomentose; margins
slightly recurved; 2 to 5 in. long, 1 to 2:5 in. broad; midrib slender,
slightly impressed above, prominent beneath; main nerves 6 to 8 pairs,
at an angle of about 60° with the midrib, curved gradually upwards to

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 517

and along the margin; secondary nerves none; reticulations minutely
netted but not prominent; petiole -25 to ‘5 in. long, channelled above.
Cymes spreading, much-branched, many-flowered, hispidly pubescent,
reaching 1°5 to 2 in. long and 2 to 2°5 in. broad; peduncles usually short,
about -25 in. long; branch peduncles °5 in., rest gradually shorter ;
bracts many, in pairs, small, ovate-acuminate; pedicels slender; buds
ovoid-pyramidal; flowers glabrous, reddish. Calyzx-tube turbinate ;
lobes ovate-oblong, ‘025 in. long, often emarginate, hyaline at the edges;
scales minute, obtuse. Corolla-tube very short, cylindric, then rotate ;
lobes oblong, ‘075 in. long, obtuse, tips incurved. Corona-processes
‘03 in. long, tipsglandular. Folliecles slender, 3 in. long, °3 in. broad, divari-
cate in a straight line, tips slightly hooked; pericarp thin, densely
greyish-tomentose. Seeds oblong, rounded at base, keeled on the
ventral surface, -25 in. long by ‘05 in. broad, broad at tip and with a
thick white silky coma 1 to 1-25 in. long; testa thin, brown, shining;
albumen very scanty; cotyledons ovate-oblong, acute, -1 in. long;
radicle slender, cylindric. Wall. Cat. 8249s ; Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII.
496; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 469; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 9.

KepaH: on Lankawi Island, Ridley 8295; Bell in Cantley 229.
Kenantan: Firdley cf. Trans. Linn. Soc., Ser. 2, III. 320. Prnane:
Phillips; Maingay (K.D.) 1100; Deschamps; Stoliczka; G. King;
Curtis 472, 2122; Ridley 9484; King’s Collector 4910, 5188. Province
WELLESLEY: at Arakuda, Ridley 6972. Prrax: Scortechini; King’s
Collector 2509 ; Ridley 3072. Styaarore: Wallich 82498.

2. STREPTOCAULON GRIFFITH, Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. TV. 10 (1883). A
climbing shrub; branchlets dark purplish-brown, pubescent; innovations
hispidly tomentose. Leaves subcoriaceous ; obovate-oblong or oblanceo-
late, shortly acuminate at apex, narrowed and finally rounded or cordate
at base; upper surface greyish and puberulous, lower densely greyish-
brown-tomentose; margin slightly reflexed; 3 to 4 in. long, 1 to 2 in.
broad ; midrib stout beneath, more slender and impressed above; main
nerves 14 to 18 pairs, at about 60° with the midrib, at first straight,
then curved to and along the margin; secondary nerves none; reticula-
tions minutely netted, the larger ones transverse between the main
nerves, all slightly impressed above and raised beneath; petiole -26 in.
long. Cymes dichotomous, hispidly tomentose, 1 to 2 in. long and
broad ; peduncle -25 in. long; branches furnished with many pairs of
opposite persistent ovate-acute hirsute bracts; petiole slender, -15 in.
long; buds ovoid-conic. Calyz-tube turbinate; lobes ovate-acute,
hirsute without, glabrous within; margins hyaline; scales minute, 2- to
3-fid. Corolla-tube very short or none; lobes rotate, ovate-acute, -1
to 15 in. long, glabrous but minutely puncticulate without. Corona-

518 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

processes filiform, on a conical base in a discoid ring. Pollen-carrier
appendicles broadly linear, bifid. ollicles slender, straight, 3 to 4 in.
long, ‘5 in. broad, recurved to about 270°; tips slightly hooked; pericarp
chartaceous, minutely pubescent without, smooth within. Seeds oblong,
contracted above in a short neck, truncate at tip, also at base, keeled on
the ventral surface, °3 in. long, :1 in. broad; tip with a dense white
silky coma about 1 in. long; testa thin, black; cotyledons ovate, acute,
‘125 in. long; radicle slender, cylindric -075 in. long. Streptocaulon,
Griff. Notul. IV. 71, and Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 406.

JOHORE: at Batu Pahut, Rzdley 11120.—Distris. Burma (Tenas-
serim, Helfer (K.D.) 3754; Mergui, Griffith), Siam (Schomburgk), Tonkin.

Tribe Il. SrcAMONES.

Filaments of the stamens connate into a tube and adnate at top
to the dilated part of the style; appendages of the anthers more or less
fimbriate. Pollen-contents of each anther-cell of two very minute dis-
tinct waxy masses sometimes combined into one. Pollen-carriers
minute, subquadrate, soft; the pollen-masses attached to them in fours
or pairs.

Corolla-lobes imbricate, usually glabrous or merely puberulous
within :—
Corolla-tube not lined by a toothed membrane ; corona thin :—
Corolla-lobes small, overlapping to right or left; style-apex
short, rounded, obtuse; pollen-masses in fours on a minute
carrier at 46 ae ae .. 9. SECAMONE.
Corolla-lobes overlapping to left, usually rather large ; style-
apex elongate, conical or clavate; pollen-masses in pairs
(or very obscurely only in fours) on a minute thick carrier. 10. Toxocarpus.
Corolla-tube lined by a toothed membrane; corona short,
thick ae nf 2% a .. 11. GontostEmMa.
Corolla-lobes valvate, villous within He ik .. 12. GENIANTHUS.

9. SECAMONE, Br.

Climbing or straggling shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite.
Flowers small, often minute, in lax axillary sessile or shortly peduncled
2-3-chotomous cymes. Calyx 5-partite, without scales within. Corolla
small, rotate, 5-lobed; lobes overlapping to right or left; tube very
short. Corona-processes 5, adnate to the staminal-column, compressed.
Stamens inserted at the base of the corolla; filaments connate at the
base only; anther-tips ending in a small inflexed appendage, conni-
vent around the style-apex; pollen-masses very minute, globose or
slightly oblong, in pairs in each cell, attached in fours to the minute
pollen-carriers, without caudicles. Ovary of 2 carpels; style columnar,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 519

dilated, ending in a flattened ring and produced in a beak above it;
style-apex rounded or bifid, exserted beyond the anthers. Frwt of
2 divaricate follicular mericarps, terete or angular, acuminate, smooth.
Seeds flattened, oblong, ending in a long white silky coma; albumen
“seanty; cotyledons linear-oblong; radicle rather long, cylindric —
Distris. Species about 30, chiefly of South and Tropical Africa and
the Mascarene Islands; a few in India, Malaya, and the islands,
extending to Australia.

SECAMONE MICRANTHA, Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 501 (1844). A
small climbing shrub; branchlets slender, terete, the size of a crow-
quill; nodes enlarged. Leaves membranous; ovate-lanceolate, acuminate
and apiculate at apex, attenuate at base; both surfaces olive-green when
dry, the lower paler, glabrous; margins recurved; 1-5 to 3 in. long,
‘30 to 1 in. broad; midrib slender; main nerves about 8 to 10 pairs,
obscure, curving acutely upwards to meet an obscure intramarginal
nerve; reticulations scarcely visible; petiole slender, ‘1 to -25 in. long.
Cymes spreading, pubescent, 1 to 2 in. long and the same broad;
branches sually 2-chotomous below, 3-chotomous above; main
peduncle variable, reaching 1 in. long; branch peduncles slender,
flexuous, often zigzag, about -25 in. long; pedicels -1 in.; bracts very
small, ovate-acute, hispidly hairy; buds globose; flowers pale yellow.
Calyx deeply cleft, lobes ovate, ciliate on the margins, scarious above,
black-gland-dotted on the claw, ‘05 in. long. Corolla-lobes deeply cleft,
glabrous, ‘075 in. long, obtuse, 3-nerved. Corona-processes very narrow,
compressed, with a rounded tooth on the back. Follicles 2, slender,
divaricate in a straight line (180°) or nearly so, 3 in. long, °3 in. broad;
acuminate tips slightly incurved; pericarp thin, glabrous, striate.
Seeds ovate-spathulate, truncate at tip, flattened, submembranous
on the margins, bearing a copious white silky coma, °‘d in. long,
‘125 in. broad; testa thin, brown, shining. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 472.
Tylophora micrantha, Dene. Herb. Tim. Desc. in Nouy. Ann. Mus. Se. III.
(1834) 377.

SIAMESE States: Trang, King’s Collector 1414. Kepan: on Langkawi
Island, Curtis 2800. Prnane: Curtis 225, 992, 1896.—Distri. Java,
Timor.

We cannot separate from this S. Finlaysonii, Wight Contrib. 61 (1834); Wall.
Arch. No. 103, probably from Siam.

10. Toxocarpus, Wight & Arn.

Twining shrubs. Leaves opposite. Flowers small or moderate-
sized, in axillary dichotomous paniculate or racemose cymes. Calyx
minute, 5-partite, with or without 5 minute scales within at the base.

520 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Corolla shortly subrotate or campanulate, 5-fid ; tube short or about as
long as the lobes; lobes linear-oblong, recurved, overlapping to the
left. Corona-processes 5, attached to the staminal tube, dorsally
flattened, toothed, the tooth usually curving upwards. Stamens in-
serted at the base of the corolla; filaments connate; anthers small,
erect or connivent around the style-apex; appendages often minutely
fimbriate; pollen-masses very minute, pendulous, single or obscurely
in pairs in each cell, attached to minute pale soft pollen-carriers,
without caudicles. Ovary of 2 carpels; style slender ; style-apex
columnar or clavate, produced far beyond the anthers; tip often bifid.
Fruit of 2 divaricate follicular mericarps; pericarp smooth. Seeds
oblong, flattened, tipped with a silky coma; testa thin; cotyledons
oblong; radicle cylindric—Drsrris. Species about 20; found in India,
Malaya and Tropical Africa.

Corolla-tube much shorter than the lobes :—
Corolla-lobes linear, twisted when open; style-apex long-

acuminate :—
Cymes reaching 2in. in length; leaves more or less elliptic;
follicles 12 in. long and slender .. So Le eGragithiz
Cymes scarcely reaching °5 in. long; eee more or less
obovate ; follicles linear-lanceolate, -4 in. long -3 2. LE Gurtisve.
Corolla-lobes obovate-oblong, not twisted; style-apex pyri-
form :— 3. T. Scortechinii.

Corolla campanulate ; tube longer than lobes :—

Cymes rusty-pubescent, reaching 2in. long; leaveslanceolate 4. T. penangianus.

Cymes pubescent, under 1 in. long ; leaves elliptic .. 5. T. lankawiensis.

1. Toxocarpus GrirFitHil, Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 505 (1844).
A slender climbing shrub ; branchlets slender, more or less hispid with
purplish-brown stiff hairs; nodes swollen. Leaves chartaceous ;
elliptic-oblong or -lanceolate, cuspidately acuminate at apex, cuneate
at base; both surfaces glabrous except the midrib and main nerves
beneath, upper greyish-brown, lower greyish when dry; margins
recurved; 2 to 4 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad; midrib slender, slightly
impressed above, raised beneath; main nerves 6 to 7 pairs, curving
upwards to and along the margin where they anastomose; secondary
nerves few; reticulations irregular, fairly prominent beneath when
dry ; petiole slender, twisted, ‘3 to ‘5 in. long. Cymes shorter than the
leaves, reaching 2 in. in length, rusty-pubescent; peduncle about
‘25 in. long; branches 2 to 3, racemosely paniculate; the flowers in
small clusters on a somewhat zigzag red rachis; bracts many, per-
sistent, ovate-acute; pedicels very short; buds conical; flowers creamy
white. Calyx pubescent without; lobes ovate-oblong, ‘05 in. long.
Corolla-lobes linear-oblong, glabrous except for slight pubescence near

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 521

the base within, -075 in. long, twisted; tube very short. Corona-
processes adherent to and as long as the staminal tube, the back with a
short upturned tooth. Style-apex produced, ovate-clavate, acuminate
and bifid at tip. ollicles 12 in. long, -15 in. broad, very slender,
flexuous, slightly torulose; pericarp crustaceous, puberulous. Seeds
1 in. long, linear, very slender, obliquely truncate at apex and furnished
with a thick coma of silky hairs 1 to 1:25 in. long; testa dark brown,
granular; cotyledons oblong, thin. Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 13. Toxo-
carpus sp., Griff. Notul. IV. 69, and Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 404 (Asclepiadee).
Connaracea, Wall. Cat. 8550.

Prenane: Porter. Perak: at Sungie Lartt, Wray 2465; in dense
jungle on low wet ground near Larut, King’s Collector (Kunstler) 6205.
Mazacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1105. Sinearore: Lobb 45.—DistRip.
Burma (in Mergui, Griffith 8550 ; Helfer 3758).

2. Toxocarpus Curtisu, King & Gamble, n. sp. A slender climb-
ing shrub; branchlets pustular, dark brown, striate, the uppermost
rusty-pubescent, nodes slightly swollen. Leaves elliptic or elliptic-
obovate, shortly and bluntly acuminate at apex, cuneate at base; both
surfaces olive-grey, upper darker and shining, lower sparsely rusty-
pubescent when young; margins recurved; 2 to 3:0 in. long, 1-25 to
2 in. broad; midrib prominent, impressed above, raised beneath; main
nerves distant, 4 to 8 pairs, starting at an angle of 60° with the midrib
and arched upwards to join in an intramarginal looped nerve as
prominent as themselves and like them raised beneath; secondary
nerves few, obscure; reticulations irregular; petiole ‘2 to ‘5 in. long,
slender, twisted. Cymes axillary, tawny-pubescent, sessile or on very
short peduncles; branches 2 to 3, subracemose; the flowers in bracteate
clusters; bracts small, lanceolate; pedicels short; buds conical,
acuminate. Calyx thickly rusty-pubescent without; lobes ovate-
acuminate, ‘05 in. long; scales alternate with the lobes, very minute or
0. Corolla glabrous on both surfaces ; tube short ; lobes linear-ligulate,
twisted, much spreading, ‘2 in. long. Corona-processes acute, longer than
the staminal-column, each with a short ascending tooth on the back.
Style-apex l\anceolate-conical, acuminate, with a flattened ring at its
base. ollcles linear-acuminate, recurved at tip, 4 in. long, °3 in. broad,
recurved to nearly 3 right angles apart; pericarp smooth, thin. Seeds
oblong, flattened, ‘5 to -6 in. long, :15 in. broad, shortly beaked and then
broadening at the base of the soft white silky coma which is 1:5 in.
long ; testa thin, dark brown.

Kepau: Langkawi Island, Curtis 3787. PErax: in dense jungle at
2000 to 3000 ft., King’s Collector 8150.

3. ToxocaRPus ScorTEcHINI, King & Gamble, n. sp. A climbing

522 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

shrub ; branchlets brown, striate, with purplish-brown rather stiff
pubescence. Leaves coriaceous when old, almost membranous when
young; ovate-oblong or ovate, acuminate at apex, acute at base; both
surfaces olive-green when dry, rather dull, lower paler, glabrous except
on the midrib beneath ; margins recurved ; 3 to 4 in. long, 1 to 1°75 in.
broad; midrib prominent on the lower, impressed on the upper, surface ;
main nerves 7 to 8 pairs, pale, raised on the lower surface, starting at an
angle of 50° with the midrib and curving upwards to meet in a looped
intramarginal nerve ; secondary nerves few; reticulations irregular,
prominent on the lower surface; petiole -3 to ‘5 in. long, rusty-
pubescent. Cymes axillary, sessile, densely clothed as in the calyx with
purplish-brown pubescence, reaching ‘75 to 1 in. long; branches few,
few-flowered; bracts minute, deciduous; pedicels about -1 in. long,
thick; buds oblong; flowers rather large. Calyx-lobes ovate-oblong,
glabrous within, -1 in. long; scales 0 or minute, alternate with the
lobes within. Corolla-tube short, -1 to ‘2 in. long; lobes obovate-oblong,
glabrous, -35 to ‘5 in. long, spreading in flower. Corona-processes
flat, truncate, much shorter than the anthers when young, when older
furnished with an erose tip as long as the anthers, minutely gland-dotted.
Style-apex pyriform-clavate, ‘1 in. long; the tip conical, bifid, in
acuminate lobes. Follicles 3 in. long, -4 to ‘d in. broad, cylindric, acute ;
pericarp smooth, thick, brown. Seeds ovate, flattened, with a shining
margin, ‘6 in. long, -25 in. broad; testa brown, thin.

Perak: Scortechint 630; at Larut Hill, 3000 ft., Derry (Curtes 2706).

The leaves in the two specimens seem at first to differ considerably, but the
flowers agree and we believe the difference is merely due to Scortechini’s leaves coming
from a much older plant.

4, ToXOCARPUS PENANGIANUS, King & Gamble, n. sp. A slender twin-
ing shrub; branchlets pale brown, striate, hispid with ferruginous-
brown hairs. Leaves chartaceous; lanceolate or oblanceolate, cuspidately
acuminate at apex, acuminately cuneate at base; nearly black, shining
and glabrous except on the midrib on the upper surface, pale and
glabrous on the lower, except on the midrib or main nerves; margins
recurved; 3:5 to 4:5 in. long, 1 to 1:25 in. broad; midrib stout, im-
pressed above, raised beneath; main nerves 6 to 8 pairs, irregular but
usually at an angle of about 50° with the midrib, slightly curved to
meet an intramarginal looped nerve ; secondary nerves few; reticulations
irregular, prominently netted on the under surface ; petiole -25 to °35 in.
long, bordered by the narrow decurrent margin of the blade, densely
rusty-pubescent. Cymes slender, rusty-pubescent, divaricate, reaching
2 in. in length and about 4 in. in breadth, sessile or very shortly

Flora of the Malayan Penmnsula. 523

pedunculate ; branches usually dichotomous, slender, bearing clusters
of flowers at rather long intervals; bracts minute, subulate; pedicels 0
to ‘1 in. long; buds conical; flowers reddish-brown. Calyx hispidly
rusty-pubescent; lobes ovate-acute or rounded, -05 in. long, gland-
dotted. Corolla campanulate; tube as long as lobes; lobes ovate,
margins incurved, ‘1 in. long, shortly villous within. Corona-processes
very small, as long as anthers, bifid at apex. Style-apex columnar,
clavate when young. F7rwt not known.

PEnanGe: at Moniot’s road, Curtis 2303.

5. ToxocaRPUS LANKAWIENSIS, King & Gamble, n. sp. A slender
twining shrub; branchlets thin with brown bark. Leaves chartaceous ;
elliptic, shortly cuspidate-acuminate at apex, rounded at base; both
surfaces greyish-green when dry, glabrous except along the midrib
beneath; margins slightly recurved; 3 to 3:5 in. long, 1:75 to 2 in.
broad ; midrib slender, impressed above, raised beneath as are the 5 to6
pairs of main nerves which start at an angle of 60° with the midrib and
curve upwards to join in a looped intramarginal nerve ; secondary nerves
few; reticulations irregular; petiole slender, -25 to ‘3 in. long, hispid.
Cymes axillary, sessile, pubescent, ‘5 to 1 in. long, corymbose; the
flowers racemosely clustered on the branches ; bracts persistent, minute,
ovate-acute ; bracteoles similar, in sheathing pairs to each very short
pedicel; buds conical, about -15 in. long; flowers yellowish with purple
glandular dots. Calyx-tube short, ‘05 in. long; lobes ovate-oblong, acute,
ciliate, ‘1 in. long; scales 0. Corolla campanulate; tube -1 to -15 in.
long; lobes triangular-acuminate, blunt, irregular, ‘05 to ‘1 in. long,
pubescent within, both with glandular purple dots. Corona-processes
adherent to the anthers and longer than them, each incurved over the
style-apex and with an upturned lobe on the back. Style-apex columnar,
on a broad annulate base. Hrwt not known.

KepaHu: Langkawi Island, Curtzs 2616.

11. Gontostemma, Wight.

Slender climbing shrubs with warted bark. Leaves opposite.
Flowers in interpetiolar, lax, many-flowered, paniculate cymes. Calyx
5-partite; lobes rounded, with 5 glandular scales at the base within.
Corolla campanulate-rotate ; tube lined by a toothed membrane; lobes
overlapping to the left. Corona short, thick; the 5 processes combined
in a 5-lobed tube adherent to the base of the staminal-column; the lobes
triangular, shorter than the column. Stamnal-column attached to
the base of the corolla-tube, fleshy, much shorter than the style ;
anthers slender; appendages erect around the style-apex; pollen-masses

524 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

single or in pairs in each cell attached to minute pollen-carriers without
caudicles. Ovary of 2 carpels; style-apex 5-angled below, produced
above in a long fusiform tip. JF rut of 2 follicular mericarps; follicles
nearly parallel, thick, lanceolate. Seeds large, flattened, broadly
winged ; cotyledons elliptic, nerved; radicle cylindric. — Disrris.
One species.

GONIOSTEMMA ACUMINATUM, Wight Contrib. 62 (1834). A slender
climbing shrub; stem glabrous, pustular; branchlets with smooth
brown bark. Leaves somewhat fleshy when green, chartaceous and
wrinkled when dry; ovate-oblong, acuminate at apex, cuneate to
almost rounded at base; dark green, when dry dark olive-green on the
upper and pale brown on the lower surface; margins recurved; 3 to
5 in. long, 1 to 1:75 in. broad; midrib broad, conspicuous and usually
pale on the upper, obscure on the lower surface; main nerves very
obscure, about 10 to 14 pairs, at about 70° with the midrib, straight to
join an obscure intramarginal nerve; secondary nerves many, irregular ;
reticulations indistinct; petiole slender, -75 to 1:25 in. long, channelled
above. Cymes axillary or terminal, paniculately corymbose, reaching
6 to 7 in. in length and 5 to 6 in. in breadth, 2-to 3-chotomous; main
peduncles slender, 1:5 to 3 in. long or sometimes 0; primary branches
1 to 2 in. long, remainder smaller by degrees; pedicels slender, -2 in.
long; bracts minute, acute; flower-buds oblong, ‘2 to ‘3 in. long; flowers
cream-coloured. Calyx-lobes orbicular, ‘05 in. long, ciliate on the
margins, gland-dotted near the base, usually with 5 minute scales
within, alternate with them. Corolla-lobes oblong-acute, glabrous,
-15 in. long; tube ‘1 in. long, lined within by a membrane which ends
in 5 triangular acute ciliate teeth. Style-apex fusiform, -1 in. long.
- Follicles thick, recurved so as to lie nearly parallel and nearly meet
at the tips, which are slightly hooked; 4 to 6 in. long, -75 in. broad;
pericarp smooth. Seeds many, flat, ovate, -75 in. long, -25 in. broad,
ending in a broad flat beak, surmounted by a 2 in. long white silky
coma; margins winged ; testa thin, brown; albumen scanty; cotyledons
oblong, 3-nerved, -2 in. long, 1 in. broad; radicle cylindric, :15 in.
long. Wall. Cat. 8242; Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 504. Toxocarpus
acuminatus, Benth. in Gen. Pl. II. 747; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 15.

PENANG: on Government Hill, 1000 to 1200 ft., Curtes 244;
Hullett 182. Prax: at Thaipeng and Sungie Larut, Wray 2369, 2868,
3046; clinging to trees in dense forest near Larut, Kong’s Collector
(Kunstler) 2520, 6546, 6686, 10490.—Distris. India (Sylhet, Wallich
8242).

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 525

12. GenrantHus, Hook. f.

Twining shrubs. Leaves opposite. lowers small, in clusters in
axillary, subsimple or dichotomously branched, often racemose or spicate
cymes. Calyx very small, 5-fid; scales 5, between the bases of the
lobes within. Corolla rotate; tube short; lobes narrow, spreading or
recurved, villous on the inner face, valvate. Corona of 5 often lobed
processes adnate to the back of the staminal-column and often longer
than it. Stanwnal-column short; anthers erect ; appendages short,
around the style-apex and shorter than it; pollen-masses 2 in each cell,
rounded, granular, on a small curved pollen-carrier without caudicles.
Ovary of 2 carpels; style thick; style-apex 5-angled below, tip capitate
or long and slender. frwt of 2 divaricate, thickened, usually obtuse,
follicular mericarps; testa thickened, often tomentose. Seeds large,
flattened, winged, with a long silky coma; cotyledons small; radicle
cylindric.—Distris. About 6 species, of India and Malaya.

Leaves more or less lanceolate, glabrous or nearly so beneath :—
Leaves usually under 3 in. long, shortly acuminate; cymes
rarely up to 4 in. long, with close flower-clusters.. -- Ll. G. Maingayi.
Leaves usually over 3 in. long, long-acuminate; cymes reach-
ing 6 in. in length, with distant flower-clusters .. . 2. G Ridleyi.
Leaves elliptic-ovate or -obovate, ferruginous-tomentose ae
neath :—
Main nerves of leaves at about 50° with the midrib; follicles
densely rufous-velvety .. 3. G. rufo-velutinus.
Main nerves of leaves nearly at right ae with ie Ihidribe
follicles glabrous Ao O68 50 .. 4. G. Blumei.

1. GenrantuHus Marneayi, Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 16 (1888).
A slender climbing shrub; branchlets brown, terete, the uppermost
purplish-pubescent ; nodes swollen. Leaves coriaceous; obovate or
oblanceolate, shortly acuminate at apex, cuneate at base, greyish-green
when dry, the lower surface somewhat paler than the upper, both
shghtly pubescent when young; margins strongly recurved ; 2°5 to 3:5
in. long, 1:25 to 1-5 in. broad; midrib prominent, with a gland at the
base, raised on the lower, impressed on the upper surface, as are the 6
to 7 pairs of main nerves which curve upwards to join a looped intra-
marginal nerve; secondary nerves few; reticulations few, irregular,
rather broad; petiole -25 to ‘d in. long, twisted. Cymes in pairs from
the leaf-axils, up to 4 in. long, bearing clusters of sessile flowers
racemosely arranged; rachis angular, purplish-pubescent; bracts
minute, ovate-acute ; buds clavate; flowers white with a reddish tinge.
Calyx purplish-pubescent without; lobes oblong, obtuse, :05 in. long,
with minute scales alternate with them at the base within. Corolla-

526 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

tube short, ‘025 in. long ; lobes linear-oblong, obtuse, recurved in flower,
covered within with yellowish villous hairs. Corona-processes 2-lobed,
dark, longer than the staminal-column. Style-apex clavate, acute, -05 in.
long. Frwt not known.

PrERAK: on trees in dense jungle near Lartit, King’s Collector 5119.
SinGaroreE : Maingay (K.D.) 1106.

2. GENIANTHUS RipuEy1, King & Gamble,n. sp. A slender twining
shrub; branchlets striate, with scattered round tubercles and covered
with thick ferruginous pubescence. Leaves fleshy when fresh, charta-
ceous when dry; ovate-oblong or -lanceolate, acuminate at apex,
rounded at base; dark olive-brown, dull and glabrous on the upper
surface, pale and mottled and glabrous on the lower except along the
midrib ; margins recurved; 3 to 5 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad; midrib
slender, pale, raised on the lower surface, a cluster of small glands at
the base; main nerves 6 to 8 pairs, pale, starting at an angle of about
70° with the midrib and curved upwards to meet in loops near the
margin; secondary nerves irregular; reticulations obscure, chiefly
transverse ; petiole rusty-pubescent, twisted, ‘5 to 75 in. long. Cymes
slender, divaricate, rusty-pubescent, racemosely paniculate, reaching
6 in. in length and 8 in. in breadth; peduncles none or short (up to
‘5 in. long); branches slender, the flowers in distinct clusters of about
3 to 5; bracts very small, ovate, deciduous; pedicels slender, up to
about -15 in. long; buds ovoid. Calyx-tube short; lobes ovate-oblong,
rounded, ‘05 in. long, glabrous within, densely ferruginous-villous
without. Corolla-lobes free almost to the base, oblong, bluntly apiculate,
recurved in flower, ‘15 in. long, covered in the upper half within with
a dense white beard. Corona-processes acuminate, longer than the
anthers. Pollen-carrier gland rounded, bifid; pollen-masses obscurely
in fours. Style-apex columnar, ‘075 in. long. Fruit not known.

Perak: on Maxwell’s Hill, Audley 2988; Scortechina 1172; at
Lartt, 3000 to 3500 ft., King’s Collector 2612.

3. GENIANTHUS RUFO-VELUTINUS, King & Gamble, n.sp. A climbing
shrub; branches and branchlets stout, densely clothed with soft choco-
late-brown tomentum; nodes somewhat swollen. Leaves coriaceous ;
elliptic-ovate or -obovate, acuminate at apex, cuneate or attenuate or
rounded at base; upper surface shining, glabrous or slightly villous,
pubescent on the midrib and main nerves; lower surface ferruginous-
villous, especially on the nerves, dull; margins strongly recurved; 4 to
6 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad; midrib stout, impressed above, as are the
7 to 9 pairs of main nerves which, leaving the midrib at an angle of
about 50°, are at first straight and then curve upwards to join a rather
obscure intramarginal looped nerve, also impressed ; secondary nerves

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 527

few; reticulations transverse, irregular; petiole stout, ‘75 to 1 in. long,
densely ferruginous-tomentose. Cymes densely ferruginous-tomentose,
few-branched, on ‘25 to ‘5 in. long peduncles, reaching 4 in. long and
broad; branches spicate-paniculate; the flowers in small clusters, sessile
or very shortly peduncled; bracts minute, ovate-acute, deciduous ; buds
oblong-conical; flowers:cream-coloured. Calyx campanulate ; tube short,
‘025 in. long; lobes ovate, glabrous within, as long as tube; scales
between them within 0 or very minute. Corolla-tube short, :05 in. long;
lobes linear-oblong, 1 in. long, densely white-villous within. Corona
adherent to the staminal-column below, free above and longer, each
process furnished with an upturned tooth on the back. Stamens slender,
appendages acute; pollen-carriers semicircular; pollen-masses 2 to each
cell, rounded. Style-apex columnar, ringed at the base. follicles divari-
cate in one straight line, cylindric, very obtuse, 4in. long, about 1 in. broad;
pericarp densely covered with chocolate-brown soft wool. Seeds oblong,
slightly winged, 75 in. long, ‘25 in. broad, produced above in a short
beak broad at the tip which bears a copious whitish silky coma 2 in. long;
testa thin; albumen scanty; cotyledons (immature) oblong; radicle stout.

PrERAK: on large trees in dense forest, King’s Collector 5611, 6865,
6882.

4. GENIANTHUS Buumer, King & Gamble. A climbing shrub; .
branches stout, the size of a swan’s quill, brown, rugose, lenticellate ;
branchlets ferruginous-tomentose. Leaves elliptic-ovate or -obovate,
shortly acuminate at apex, attenuate when young, rounded when old at
base; upper surface glabrous except on the midrib, puncticulate, lower
surface densely ferruginous-tomentose when young, less so when old ;
margins recurved; 3 to 6 in. long, 2 to 4 in. broad; midrib stout, im-
pressed above, much raised beneath, sometimes with small glands at the
base; main nerves 7 to 10 pairs, strong, lower ones nearly at right
angles to the midrib, upper at about 60°, at first straight, then curved to
and along the margin, impressed above; secondary nerves none; reticu-
lations netted, obscure; petiole -5 to ‘75 in. long, twisted at base,
tomentose. Cymes subsessile, lateral, up to 3 in. long ; branches divari-
cate, bearing sessile clusters of densely tomentose small flowers; buds
ovoid. Calyz-lobes ovate, acute, densely ferruginous-pubescent without.
Corolla-lobes very short, white-villous within. Corona-processes ending
in a linear-truncate ligule. Style-apex elongate-apiculate. ollzcles 2,
divaricate in a straight line, cylindric, obtuse; tip slightly recurved ; 3 to
4 in. long, ‘75 in. broad; pericarp very thick, smooth, glabrous. Seeds
ovate, °6 in. long, °3 in. broad; margin winged ; tip truncate, bearing a 2
in. long pale brown silky coma ; cotyledons cordate, ‘25 in. long ; radicle
cylindric, -15 in. long. Toxocarpus Blwmet, Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII.

528 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

506; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 475. Secamone macrophylla 8. fulva, Bl.
Bijdr. 1050; Hassk. Cat. Bog. 125.
PERAK: at Sungie Larut, Wray 2287; Scortechina—Distrip. Java.

There is some doubt about this species, due to the only specimen of the Java plant
available being very imperfect, while both Wray’s and Scortechini’s specimens are in
fruit only.

Tribe III. CynancHEm.

Filaments of the stamens connate in a column if present; anthers
adnate to the upper part of the style, with membranous appendages.
Pollen-contents of each anther-cell united in a waxy mass; the pollen-
masses opaque, attached in pairs to the pollen-carriers by short or long
caudicles from which they are pendulous in the anther-cells. Pollen-
carriers turgid, rarely flattened, with a dorsal suture, hard and horny,
reddish-brown to black, attached at the angles of the style-apex..

Corona of 5 processes adnate to the anther-column :—
Stem erect :—
Corona-processes laterally compressed, circinately curved (
at base fs 00 a6 56 .. 13. CanorTroris.
Corona-processes cucullate with an interior horn .. 14. AscLEPtas.
Stem twining :-— ;
Flowers large, fleshy ; corona-processes °5 in. long, adnate

to the column NV. se ae .. 15. RHAPHISTEMMA.
Flowers small, thin; corona-processes about ‘1 in. long,
attached to the base of the column.. ats .. 16. IscHNosTEMMA.
Corona annular, adnate to the base of the column and sur-
rounding it ae ae &e ac .. L7., CYNANCHUM.

13. Catotrorts, Br.

Erect large shrubs or small trees. Leaves opposite, broad, subsessile.
Flowers medium-sized, in umbellate or subracemose pedunculate cymes,
arising laterally from the stem between the bases of the leaves. Calyx
5-lobed; the lobes with small glandular scales at the base within.
Corolla broadly campanulate or subrotate, divided more than half-way
down in 5 broad valvate lobes which are usually reflexed in flower.
Corona of 5 laterally compressed fleshy processes, adnate to and stand-
ing out as buttresses from the staminal-column, furnished at the base
with an upcurved and involute spur, bifid at the apex or with two
obtuse auricles. Stamens inserted at the base of the corolla; the
anthers short, broad, somewhat horny at the angled wings; appendages
short, broad, slightly lobed, membranous, inflexed over the style-apex ;
anther-cells a shallow membranous pouch; pollen-masses solitary,
pendulous, flattened, spathulate, attached by slender jointed caudicles to
the oblong, somewhat quadrate, pollen-carrier. Ovary of 2 distinct cells,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 529

joined in a slender style bearing a depressed pentagonal style-apex.
Fruit of 2 large, inflated, fleshy, thick, follicular mericarps. Seeds
ovate, plano-convex, with broad apex surmounted by a coma of long
slender silky hairs.—Distris. Species 4, of Tropical Asia: in India,
China, and the Malay Archipelago, one extending into Africa.

CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA, Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew, ed. 2, ii. 78 (1811).
A large shrub, sometimes almost a small tree; branches stout, fleshy,
with ash-coloured bark; branchlets covered with soft white woolly
tomentum. Leaves somewhat leathery when green, membranous when
dry; elliptic-oblong or obovate-oblong, acute at apex, cordate at base ;
both surfaces when young covered with very short white cottony
tomentum, when old the upper glabrous, the lower glabrescent; 4 to
8 in. long, 2 to 4 in. broad; midrib broad, with a large gland at the base
on the upper surface ; main nerves 6 to 8 pairs, the lowest curved down-
wards, the rest upwards to and along the margin; reticulations few,
not prominent; petiole none or extremely short. Cymes densely white-
tomentose, on peduncles 1°5 to 4°5 in. long; branches none or few, 1 to
1-5 in. long, bearing umbels of 6 to 12 flowers on thick pedicels reach-
ing 1 to 1:25 in. long; bracts linear-oblong, deciduous; buds ovoid,
obtuse ; flowers greyish-white with rose or lilac markings, 1 to 1:5 in.
in diam. Calyz-lobes ovate-acuminate, about 15 in. long, cottony
without; glands usually about 3. Corolla-lobes ovate-lanceolate, acute,
reflexed in flower, ‘25 to ‘5 in. long. Corona-processes 25 to ‘35 in. long,
with obtuse auricles on either side near the apex and much incurved
spur at the base ; the keel puberulous. Anther-appendages 2- to 3-lobed,
short, curved over the style-apex. Ovary and style -35 in. long, slender;
style-apex star-shaped, flat, -15 in. broad, the umbo depressed, the horns
of the star bearing the pollen-carriers. ollicles 35 to 5 in. long,
oblong, broad, thick, fleshy, ventricose, pale yellow or green when fresh,
recurved. Seeds numerous, ‘25 to ‘3 in. long by ‘2 in. broad, broadly
ovate, flattened ; testa brown, narrowly margined, minutely tomentose ;
coma 1 to 1:25 in. long; cotyledons ovate-cordate, ‘125 in. long; radicle
05 in. long, ovate, acute. Hamilt. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XIV. 245;
Wight Contrib. 53, and Ill. t. 155, 1564; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FI. 149;
Brandis For. Fl. 331; Griff. Notul. IV. 68, and Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 397, 398;
_ Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 535; Bot. Reg. t. 58; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT.
481; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 17; Bot. Mag. t. 6862; Kurz For. FI. IT.
200; Trimen FI. Ceyl. IIT. 148; Cooke Fl. Bomb. IT. 151; Prain Beng.
Plants 688; Watt in Kew Bull. 1900, p. 8. Asclepras gigantea, Willd.
Sp. Pl. 1264; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 20, and Fl. Ind. IT. 30. “ Hriew”’ and
« Bel-ericu,’ Rheede Hort. Mal. II. 52, 56, t. 31.

PEenanG: Haji Husain for Curtis. Prrax: Wray 2123 (introd.) ;

530 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Scortechim. Mauacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1107. Sincapore: Cuming
2408.—Distris. India, Burma, Ceylon, Malay Islands, S. China.

14. Ascuepras, Linn.

Perennial herbs or shrubs, often with tuberous roots, juice milky,
stems usually erect. Leaves opposite or whorled. Flowers in peduncu-
late or sessile umbels, terminal or lateral between the leaves, usually
orange-yellow, red or green. Calyx deeply 5-partite, with 5 to 10
glandular scales within at the base. Corolla rotate, deeply 5-lobed ;
the lobes valvate or slightly overlapping in bud, lobes usually reflexed
when open. Corona of 5 processes arising from the staminal-column
and adnate to it above; lobes erect, concave-cucullate, with usually a
tooth-horn protruding from within. Stamens affixed to the base of the
corolla; the filaments connate ina tube; anthers with a membranous ap-
pendage inflexed over the style-apex; pollen-masses pendulous, flattened,
solitary in each anther-cell, attached to the hard pollen-carriers by
caudicles. Styles free below, connected above; style-apex columnar,
truncate or depressed and often umbonate at tip. follicles variable,
smooth or softly echinate. Seeds comose.—DistRis. Species many,
chiefly of Africa and America, 2 only in Arabia and the Orient, and 2
naturalized in most warm regions. |

ASCLEPIAS CURASSAVICA, Linn. Sp. Pl. I. 215 (1753). A perennial
erect herb; stems 2 to 3 ft. high, pale, glabrous, smooth. Leaves lanceo-
late, acuminate at apex, cuneately acuminate at base, glabrous on both
surfaces ; 2°5 to 5:5 in. long, ‘0 to 1 in. broad; midrib slender, raised
beneath ; main nerves 12 to 15 pairs, irregular, curving upwards at an
acute angle; reticulations not very prominent ; petiole -25 to -5 in. long.
Umbels lateral and terminal, 6- to 12-flowered; peduncles 1 to 3 in. long,
puberulous ; pedicels ‘5 to ‘75 in. long, puberulous; buds ovoid; flowers
orange-scarlet. Calyx-lobes lanceolate, acute, :15 in. long, puberulous ;
scales minute. Corolla reflexed when open; lobes oblong, acute, °2 to
‘25 in. long, glabrous, slightly overlapping to the right in bud. Corona-
processes arising about ‘1 in. above the base of the staminal-column,
spathulate-cucullate, -1 to -15 in. long with a protruding horn as
long as themselves arising from the base within and curved inwards
over the staminal-column. Anthers auricled at base; appendages
orbicular, inflexed over the style-apex. Style-apex columnar, depressed,
5-angled. follicles lanceolate-acuminate, 3 to 3:5 in. long; pericarp
thin, smooth, glabrous. Seeds elliptic, plano-convex, °2 in. long, 15 in. ©
broad, with a broad, thin margin; testa dark brown, thin, lineate;
coma ‘75 to 1 in. long; cotyledons ovate, small; radicle cylindric,

‘Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 531

nearly as long as cotyledons. Roxb. Hort. Beng. 20; Lodd. Bot. Cab.
t. 349; Bot. Reg. I. t. 81; Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 566; Dalz. and
Gibs. Bomb. Fl. Suppl. 54; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 485; Baill. Hist. des
Pl. X. 221, figs. 157-165 ; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 18; N. E. Brown in
Dyer Fl. Trop. Afr. IV. i. 328; Cooke Fl. Bomb. II. 180; Prain Beng.
Plants 689.

Perak: Scortechint. Jonore: Curtis. Smncapore: Hullett 85. An
introduced plant, now naturalized in Africa, India and Malaya, chiefly
in waste places near villages——Distris. Tropical America, where
native.

15. RHAPHISTEMMA, Wall.

Climbing glabrous shrubs with milky juice. Leaves opposite, mem-
branous. lowers in axillary long-peduncled umbelliform or subrace-
mose cymes, large, white, long-pedicelled. Calyx deeply 5-fid or
5-partite, 5-glandular within at base. Corolla campanulate, 5-lobed ;
lobes spreading, twisted in bud, overlapping to the right; tube broad.
Corona-processes 5, membranous, subulate-acuminate, adnate to the
staminal-column and produced above it to twice its length. Stamens
affixed to the base of the corolla; filaments connate in a short tube;
anthers with an inflexed membranous appendage; pollen-masses one in
each cell, oblong, not compressed, pendulous, waxy, attached to the thick
hollow furrowed hard pollen-carrier by short clavate caudicles. Ovary
of 2 carpels; style distinct to near the top; style-apex large, fleshy,
5-lobed, convex at tip. Fruit of (by abortion) 1 thick, fleshy, smooth,
subventricose follicle. Seeds plano-convex, margined, comose.—DistRIB.
Two species; one of India and Burma and the Malay Peninsula, the
other of Java.

RHAPHISTEMMA PULCHELLUM, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. II. 50, t. 163 (1831)
and Cat. 82214. A glabrous climbing shrub; branches greyish-brown
when dry, terete, much twisted; the nodes with a line of small glands
between the leaf-petioles. Leaves membranous; ovate-acuminate at
apex, cordate at base, with wide sinus often °75 to 1 in. deep; lower
surface pale when dry ; 3 to 7 in. long, 2°5 to 4°65 in. broad ; midrib pro-
minent, bearing at its base a cluster of subulate small fleshy glands;
main nerves 6 to 8 pairs, the lowest 2 to 3 pairs radiating from opposite
the gland-cluster, the rest curving upwards and anastomosing near the
margin, raised beneath; reticulations few, conspicuous, transverse ;
petiole 2 to 5 in. long, sulcate above. Cymes 4- to 6-flowered ; pedun-
cle 1:5 to 5 in. long; branches few; pedicels slender, ‘5 to 2 in. long ;
bracts short, lanceolate, deciduous ; buds oblong, ‘5 to 1 in. long; flowers
white, thick. Calyx-lobes ovate-oblong, variable in size, usually -15 to
‘2 in. long; glands minute. Corolla-lobes oblong, obtuse, reflexed in

10

532 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

flower, ‘5 in. long; tube longer. Corona-processes subulate-acuminate,
membranous, °d in. long, ‘1 in. broad. Anthers horny, yellowish, smooth,
sagittate at base; appendages rounded, membranous, incurved over the
stigma. Style-apex 5-lobed; the lobes horned; tip umbonate, minutely
pitted. ollicles solitary, fusiform, turgid, somewhat saccate at base,
the apex obtuse with a short hook; pericarp leathery, smooth. Seeds
plano-convex with a broad margin, ovate, ‘4 in. long, with a broad apex
bearing a silky coma 1 to 2 in. long; testa brown, thin; cotyledons
ovate, cordate, ‘125 in. long; radicle cylindric, -75 in. long. Wight
Contrib. 55; Dene. in DC. Prodr. VILL. 516; Paxt. Bi Garda 7.
101; Paxt. Mag. XIV. 27, with fig.; Fl. des Serres t. 223; Mig. Fl. Ind.
Bat. IT. 477; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 19; Prain Beng. Plants 691.
Asclepias pulchella, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 21, Fl. Ind. IT. 54.

Kepau: Coah, Lankawi Island, Curtes 2118. PEnane: Curtis
(cult.). PERAK: in bamboo jungle at about 400 to 600 ft. Ulu Bubong,
King’s Collector 10483. Stnearore: Deschamps (cult.); G. King (cult.).—
Distris. India (Sikkim, Chota Nagpur, Sylhet, Assam and Cacher),
Burma.

16. Isconostemma, King & Gamble, nov. gen.

Twining slender undershrubs. Leaves opposite. Flowers in slender
few-flowered, lateral, pedunculate umbels ; pedicels filiform. Calyx 5-fid ;
lobes acuminate. Corolla rotate; tube short; lobes long, slender, over-
lapping to the right, twisted to the left in bud. Corona of 5 mem-
branous lanceolate flattened processes attached to the base of the
staminal-column. Staminal-column attached to the base of the corolla-
tube; anthers slender; appendages short, membranous, obtuse, connivent
over the style-apex; pollen-masses 1 in each cell, pendulous, ellipsoid,
attached by slender clavate descending caudicles to the crustaceous
pollen-carriers. Ovary of 2 carpels; style connate above; style-apex
5-angled; tip rounded. Frwt of 1 (or 2 ?) long-acuminate slender,
follicular mericarps; testa thin, smooth. Seeds small, flat, winged,
nearly orbicular, comose; albumen scanty; cotyledons small, ovate;
radicle cylindric.—Distris. One species; Malay Peninsula and Philip-
pine Islands.

IsCHNOSTEMMA SELANGORICA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A _ slender
twining greyish undershrub; branchlets slender, terete. Leaves mem-
branous, variable ; ovate-lanceolate obovate or oblanceolate, mucronate
at apex, attenuate at base; glabrous and pale green on both surfaces ;
1 to 1°75 in. long, ‘5 to ‘75 in. broad; midrib broad, flattened ; main
nerves 4 to 6 pairs, very faint, curving upwards to meet in a faint intra-
marginal nerve ; reticulations obscure ; petiole slender, -25 to -5 in. long.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 533

Umbels usually 3- to 5-flowered ; peduncles -75 in. long ; bracts minute,
subulate; pedicels filiform, ‘5 to °75 in. long; buds conical; flower
yellow. Calyx cleft to the base ; lobes lanceolate, acuminate, -lin. long.
Corolla-tube very short ; lobes lanceolate, acuminate, ‘2 in.long. Corona-
processes acuminate, erect, longer than the column. Style-apex hemi-
spheric at tip. ollicles lanceolate, long-acuminate, 2°5 in. long, ‘25 in.
broad; testa thin, smooth. Seeds flattened, nearly orbicular, ‘175 in.
long, ‘1 in. broad, broadly winged; testa brown, thin, slightly granular ;
embryo very small, -03 in. long in all.

SELANGOR: at Kwala Selangor, in mangrove swamps, Ridley 7564.—
Distris. Philippine Islands, in Central Luzon (Loher 4039, 4040).

17. Cynancuum, Linn.

Herbs or shrubs, erect or twining. Leaves opposite. Flowers
small, in sessile or pedunculate corymbose or umbellate cymes or
racemes, subaxillary or lateral between the bases of the petioles. Calyx
5-partite, with 5 to 10 glandular scales within or eglandular. Corolla
deeply 5-fid, rotate or campanulate; lobes slightly overlapping to the
right in bud, more or less twisted. Corona arising from the staminal-
column at or near the base, often membranous, annular, cupular or
tubular, toothed or lobed at the top or divided more or less deeply into
5 entire or toothed processes. Stamwnal-colwmn arising at or near the
base of the corolla; filament part varying from none to rather long and
slender; anthers hardened; appendages membranous, erect or inflexed
over the style-apex; pollen-masses 1 in each cell, oblong, not com-
pressed, pendulous, attached by a caudicle to the rather large horny
pollen-carriers. Ovary of 2 carpels; styles free below; style-apex
5-lobed, truncate, conical or rostrate. Fruzt of 2 smooth follicular
mericarps, winged or entire, sometimes with tubercular processes.
Seeds plano-convex, tipped with a silky coma.—Distris. Cosmopolitan,
species about 100.

Leaves ovate or oblong, not cordate at base; peduncles short;

follicles smooth .. 60 as Me .. Ll. C. ovalifolium.
Leaves ovate, deeply cordate at base; peduncles long ; follicles
with soft hooked spines at “ie ae .. 2. C. corymbosum.

1. CyNANCHUM OVALIFoLIUM, Wight Contrib. 57 (1834). A nearly
glabrous, small twining shrub; branchlets very slender, terete, pale
brown. Leaves membranous ; ovate or oblong, acuminate at apex,
rounded or subacute at base, often furnished with one or two small
axillary, unequal-sided leaflets at the base of the petiole; both surfaces
glabrous, lower pale; margins slightly recurved ; 3 to 4:5 in. long, 1:25

534 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

to 2 in. broad; the axillary leaflets about -5 in. long; midrib rather
broad, channelled above; main nerves 7 to 8 pairs, at first straight, then
curved upwards to form a looped intramarginal nerve near the edge;
secondary nerves few; reticulations few, obscure; petiole ‘5 to “75 in.
long, articulate near the base, the upper side channelled and with a line
of hairs, the base enlarged, those of each pair forming a cup round the
branchlet. Cymes lateral, between the leaves, about 4-to, 8-flowered,
racemose; peduncle ‘5 to ‘7d in. long; pedicels -1 to ‘15 in. long,
puberulous; bracts small, obtuse; flower-buds spherical. Calyz-lobes
ovate, ‘05 in. long; glandular scales 5, minute, alternate with the lobes.
Corolla cleft nearly to the base; lobes concave, obtuse, -15 in. long.
Corona membranous, ‘1 to ‘15 in. deep, cylindric, divided above into 10
or more irregular teeth. Staminal-column rather long; wings horny,
sagittate at base; appendages membranous rounded, crenate, erect or
slightly curved over the style-apex; pollen-masses ellipsoid, waxy,
attached by clavate caudicles to the rather large black pollen-carriers.
Style-apex 5-angled, depressed, with a small rounded tip. follicles
usually 1 only, thickly coriaceous, nearly straight on the dorsal, curved
on the ventral edge, 3 to 5 in. long by -75 to 1 in. broad, tip recurved-
hooked, base slightly gibbous; pericarp smooth. Seeds nearly orbicular,
plano-convex, broadly winged, °3 to °35 in. long, -25 in. broad, ending in
a broad tip which bears a white silky coma 1:5 in. long; testa thin,
granular and wrinkled, dark brown ; cotyledons ovate, obtuse, -1 in. by
‘O75 in.; radicle cylindric, ‘05 in. long. Wall. Cat. 8226; Hook. f. Fl.
Br. Ind. IV. 23. Cynoctonum ovalifoluum, Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII.
529; Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. IT. 479.

Penane: Wallich 8226; Curtis 871, 1270. Province WELLESLEY:
on the road to Arakuda, Ridley 7029. Perak: Wray 1763, 2061,
2939 ; King’s Collector, 2575, 8385, 8450; Scortechint 789. Manacca:
Maingay (K.D.) 1140. Styeapore: Fidley 10160.—Distris. Java.

2. CYNANCHUM coRYMBOSUM, Wight Contrib. 56 (1834). A slender
climbing shrub; stem rather stout; branchlets terete, glabrous, with
rather long internodes.. Leaves membranous when dry, dull green
when fresh; ovate or orbicular, cuspidately acuminate at apex, cordate
at base with a sinus ‘4 in. deep, ‘d in. broad; under surface pale,
glaucous, upper surface glabrous except the midrib and main nerves;
margins slightly recurved, 2 to 6 in. long, 1 to 3 in. broad; midrib .
slender, raised beneath, furnished at the base with a tuft of minute
glands; main nerves 5 to 6 pairs, the lowest 3 pairs spreading from
opposite the gland-tuft, the rest curved upwards to near the margin ;
reticulations rather scanty, chiefly transverse; petiole 1:5 to 3 in. long,
slender. Cymes corymbiform, many-flowered, 2 to 3 in. long, glabrous;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 535

peduncle slender, about 1:5 in. long; bracts minute, subulate; pedicels
slender, ‘5 in. long; buds ovoid. Calyx deeply cleft; lobes ovate, acute,
hyaline on the margins, ‘05 in. long; scales obscure. Corolla cam-
panulate; tube very short; lobes erect, oblong, obtuse, -15 in. long;
margins usually somewhat reflexed. Corona as long as corolla-lobes,
campanulate, irregularly crenately 10- or more lobed with 10 internal
longitudinal folds. Staminal-colwmn inserted at the base of the corolla-
tube; anther-wings broad, horny; cells pocket-like; appendages ovate-
acute; pollen-masses ellipsoid, attached by short clavate caudicles to
the small oblong pollen-carriers. Style-apex 5-angled; tip acuminate,
bifid. Follicles 1 or 2, reddish, lanceolate, long-acuminate, 3 to 5 in.
long, 1 to 1:5 in. broad; pericarp thick, densely clothed with soft
reversed-hooked spines -25 to ‘5 in. long. Seeds orbicular-ovoid, ‘5 in.
long and nearly as broad, wrinkled, broadly winged, deeply dentate-
crenate at the lower end ; tip truncate, crowned with a 1 to 1d in. long
white silky coma; testa dark brown, shining, rugose on the dorsal face ;
cotyledons elliptic, -15 in. long; radicle cylindric, acute, -075 in. long.
Wall. Cat. 8222, 8231; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 24. Cynoctonwm
corymbosum, Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 528.

Prenane: Wallich. Prax: on shrubs at 300 to 500 ft., King’s
Collector 5301; Scortechint.—Disrris. India (Sikkim, Assam, Sylhet,
Cachar, Nicobar. Islands).

Tribe [V. MARSDENIE.

Stamens with filaments connate into a tube; anthers erect or
incumbent on the style-apex and adnate to it at their base, with flat
or inflated membranous appendages. Pollen-contents of each anther-
cell united into a waxy mass ; pollen-masses opaque, without a pellucid
margin, attached in pairs to the pollen-carriers by long or short
caudicles, erect or ascending or horizontal, never entirely pendulous,
sometimes very minute and the caudicles very slender; pollen-carriers
hard and horny, with a dorsal suture, usually dark-coloured.

Corolla-lobes overlapping (sometimes valvate or nearly so in
Gongronena) :—

Corona none .. oc oc oc .. 18. SarcoLosus.
Corona corolline :—
Corolla-lobes long ; style-apex included ; herbs .. 19. PENTASACME.
Corolla-lobes short ; style-apex exserted ; twining shrubs .. 20. Gymnema.

Corona staminal, rarely none :—
Corolla urceolate or campanulate, sometimes rotate :—
Corona-processes fleshy, rounded ae .. 21. GonGRoNEMA.

036 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Corona-processes fleshy or membranous, with one or

sometimes two apical teeth, sometimes none .. 22. MARSDENIA.
Corolla hypocrateriform :—

Corolla small or moderate-sized ; corona-processes com-

pressed, beaked 85 .. 23. PERGULARIA.
Corolla large ; corona-processes none or Anttened .. 24. STEPHANOTIS.
Corolla rotate or rotate-campanulate; corona-processes
small, on the filament part of the column .. 25. TYLOPHORA.

Corolla-lobes valvate :—
Corolla rotate or subeampanulate :-—
Corona-processes spreading, lower lobes usually dentate
or laciniate, upper lobes tubercular or absent ; leaves not
fleshy ; climbing shrubs re o6 .. 26. H&ETERosTeMMa.
Corona stellate, lower lobes erect or spreading, upper
beaked ; leaves usually fleshy ; epiphytes or epiphytic
climbers .. 20 jes Gey ELOWAS
Corolla urceolate or eclindsic or campanulec corona-pro-
cesses very membranous; epiphytes .. 28. DiscHipta.
Corolla-tube short, lobes long subulate ; finite under-
shrub oc 56 5 oe .. 29. PycNoRHACHIS.

18. Sarcontosus, Br.

Twining glabrous shrubs. Leaves opposite. Flowers small, in
crowded, pedunculate, axillary or interpetiolar corymbiform cymes.
Calyx 5-partite, with 5 minute glandular scales at the base within.
Corolla campanulate or subrotate, 5-fid; the lobes overlapping to the
right. Corona none. Stamens affixed to the base of the corolla ;
filaments connate in a short tube ; anthers broad, ending in a spathulate
inflexed appendage; pollen-masses solitary in each cell, erect, com-
pressed, obovate, attached by long filiform twisted caudicles to the
narrow, long, channelled pollen-carriers. Ovary of 2 distinct carpels ;
styles distinct below, ending above in a d-angled style-apex with flat or
slightly rounded tip. Frwt of usually 1 thick globose and smooth or
ovate and 2-keeled follicular mericarp; pericarp fleshy, chartaceous
when dry. Seeds large, marginate, without coma.—Distris. Species
3: two of India, the Malay Peninsula, and the Andaman and Nicobar
Islands ; the third of Java.

SARCOLOBUS GLOBOSUS, Wall. in Asiat. Research. XII. 577, t. 4
(1818), and Cat. 4468. A twining shrub; branchlets slender, smooth,
shining, callose-punctate, pale brown. Leaves thinly coriaceous ;
oblong or ovate-oblong, acute or shortly acuminate at apex, rounded at
base and usually somewhat unequal-sided ; both surfaces brown when
dry, lower glaucous, young leaves slightly puberulous; margins slightly
recurved ; 3 to 4°5 in. long, 1 to 1:75 in. broad; midrib slender, chan-
nelled above and furnished with a small cluster of glands at the base,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 537

raised on the lower surface ; main nerves 5 to 7 pairs, broadly arched to
meet in a looped intramarginal nerve rather far from the edge;
reticulations irregular, chiefly transverse; petiole slender, ‘5 to 1 in. long,
channelled and puberulous on the upper surface. Cymes many-flowered,
slightly puberulous ; peduncles °5 to -75 in. long, thickened at top below
the corymbs; pedicels -25 in. long, slender; bracts small, triangular ;
buds broadly ovoid. Calyx-lobes scarious, ovate, obtuse, ‘05 to ‘1 in.
long; scales minute, 5 to 10. Corolla-lobes nearly orbicular, pubescent
within, ‘2 in. long, pale purple. Anthers slightly auricled; appendages
much incurved. Style-apex 5-lobed with a rounded tip. ollcle
globose, retuse at apex and base, 4 in. in diam.; pericarp very thick,
with many raised dots. Seeds broadly obovate, flat with a raised |
border, apiculate, ‘7 to 1 in. long; coma none; testa dark brown ;
cotyledons obovate, retuse at apex; radicle small. Wight Contrib. 47,
and Ie. t. 1273; Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 625; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind.
IV. 27; Prain Beng. Plants 693. S. carinatus, Griff. Notul. IV. 53, and
in Ie. Pl. Asiat. t. 410 (not of Wall.).

PERAK: Scortechind 127, 1393; King’s Collector 1028, 1162.
Mauacoa: Griffith 3773. Stneapore: Hullett 32, 648; Ridley 5745.—
Distris. India (Salt Lakes, Calcutta, C. B. Clarke), Burma (Mergui,
Griffith), Borneo (Haviland). A plant of the banks of salt river-creeks.

19. PENTASACME, Wall.

Tufted erect glabrous herbs, with slender simple stems and many
wiry roots, rooting on rocks. Leaves opposite, membranous, narrow.
Flowers yellowish or white, small, in short axillary umbelliform or
racemose cymes; pedicels capillary. Calyx 5-partite, with 5 glandular
scales within. Corolla-tube short, campanulate; lobes narrow, caudate,
twisted, overlapping to the right in bud. Corona-processes 5, on the
corolla-tube, entire or toothed. Staménal-column very short; anther-
appendages membranous; pollen-masses 1 in each cell, erect, ovoid,
waxy, attached near the middle by a slender caudicle to an oblong pollen-
carrier. Ovary of 2 carpels; style short; style-apex 5-angled, conical
or beaked at apex. Frwet of 1 slender terete follicle, straight ; pericarp
thin, smooth. Seeds oblong-spathulate, not or very slightly winged,
_ convex on both surfaces ; cotyledons ovate; radicle cylindric.—Dtsrr1s.
Species 3 or 4: two of India and Malaya, the other Chinese.

PENTASACME CAUDATUM, Wall. Cat. 8234 (1829). A tufted erect
glabrous herb; stems simple, many, slender, 12 to 18 in. long, pale
brown, terete, ‘1 in. in diam.; roots many, slender, twisted, spreading.
Leaves membranous ; linear-lanceolate, long caudate-acuminate at apex,
narrowed at base; pale on both surfaces when dry, under surface

538 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

glaucous ; 2 to 4 in. long, 2 to 4 in. broad; midrib slender, prominent ;
main nerves about 12 pairs, obscure, acutely curving upwards to meet
an intramarginal slightly-looped nerve; reticulations hardly visible;
petiole none or up to -1 in. long; stem clasping at base. Cymes race-
mose, 1- to 6-flowered, very short; peduncles very short; pedicels
capillary, -2 to ‘25 in. long; bracts minute; flowers white; buds conical.
Calyz-lobes ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, ‘06 in. long; glands dark.
Corolla-lobes caudate-acuminate from a broad base, -25 in. long; tip
obtuse. Corona-processes short, obscurely 4-lobed behind ; lobes with
several short obtuse teeth in front. ollicles 1-75 to 3 in. long, very
slender, straight; pericarp thin. Seeds ovate-spathulate, with a minute
wing near the base, concave, ‘15 in. long; tip obliquely truncate with a
white silky coma ‘5 to ‘75 in. long; testa thin, brown, papillose; cotyle-
dons ovate, ‘05 in. long; radicle cylindric, ‘025 1in. long. Wight Contrib.
60; Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 627; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Il. 501; Hook. f.
Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 28. Spzladocorys angustifolia, Ridley in Trans. Linn.
Spemsers2 lit. 322. t.63.

PERAK: growing on rocks in the beds of streams; Curtis; Ridley
9885 ; Scortechint 1310; Wray 1980; King’s Collector 10685. Panane:
on Tahan river, fidley 2589.—Distris. India (Khasia Hills, Patkoi
Hills, and Sylhet), Burma.

20. GyMNEMA, Br.

Twining shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite. Flowers small,
in crowded sublateral or opposite umbelliform cymes. Calyx 5-partite,
eglandular or with 5 to 10 glandular scales at the base within. Corolla
subrotate, campanulate or urceolate, 5-fid; lobes thick, narrowly over-
lapping to the right in bud or subvalvate. Corona-processes 5, arising
from and adnate to the corolla-tube, either of 5 fleshy lobes adnate up
to the mouth of the corolla-tube with more or less free incurved points,
or of 5 pairs of fleshy ridges on the lower part of the tube, alternating
with the corolla-lobes. Stamnal-column arising from the base of the
corolla; anthers short, erect, with short membranous appendages ;
pollen-masses erect, attached to the pollen-carriers by very short caudicles.
Ovary of 2 carpels; styles free to near the top; style-apex large, conical,
clavate or capitate, exserted beyond the anthers. Frwt of 2 (or 1)
smooth follicular mericarps. Seeds comose.—Distrris. About 20 species,
chiefly Asiatic, two extending to Central Africa, others to Australia.

Corolla-tube short, with corona-processes of 5 fleshy villous
lobes on the throat, the free points exserted in the sinuses :—
Leaves 3 to 6 in. long, tawny-pubescent beneath ; cymes sub-
capitate, shortly peduncled a Oc .. Ll. G. acuminatum.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 539

Leaves 2 to 4 in. long, nearly glabrous; cymes umbellate,

peduncled ne ae cc -- .. 2. G. lactiferum var.
nitens.
Leaves 1 to 2 in. long, tawny-pubescent ; cymes subsessile .. 3. G. Maingayji.

Corolla-tube elongate, with corona-processes consisting of villous
ridges in the lower part of the tube, but no free points in the
sinuses; leaves 2°5 to 6 in. long ae He .. 4. G. tingens.

1. GyMNEMA AcuMINATUM, Wall. Tent. Fl. Nap. 50 (1826); Cat. 8187.
A large twining shrub with corky bark ; branchlets softly tawny-pubes-
cent. Leaves coriaceous; ovate or ovate-elliptic, acuminate at apex,
rounded at base; upper surface glabrous, lower tawny-pubescent ;
margin slightly recurved; 3 to 6 in. long, 1°75 to 2-25 in. broad; midrib
stout; main nerves 4 to 6 pairs, curved upwards to anastomose near
the margin; reticulations in a prominent network ; petiole ‘5 in. long.
Cymes in pairs, many-flowered, subcapitate, tawny-pubescent ; peduncle
as long as or shorter than the petiole, pedicels very short. Calyz-lobes
ovate-acute, -05 in. long, pubescent without; scales very small.
Corolla-lobes rounded, the tips incurved, -075 to -1 in. long, glabrous.
Corona of rounded, incurved processes alternate with the corolla-lobes,
with bearded short ridges below them half-way down the tube. <Anthers
short ; appendages erect, rounded, membranous ; pollen-masses oblong,
attached to the pollen-carriers by very short or almost no caudicles.
Style-apex fleshy, globose-conical. ollicles 3 in. long, ovoid, turgid,
beaked, woody, cordate at base; pericarp glabrous. Seeds large, ‘7 in.
long, flat, elliptic, broadly winged, the wing membranous. Wight
Contrib. 45; Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 622; Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. IT. 499 ;
Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 30; Prain Beng. Plants 694. Cynanchum
acuminatum, Herb. Ham. <Asclepras acuminata, Roxb. Hort. Beng.
21, and Fl. Ind. II. 55.

Kepau: Langkawi Island, Cuwrtzs 2811. Matacca: Griffith;
Maingay (K.D.) 1109.—Distris. India (Eastern Bengal and Chitta-
gong), Burma, Java.

2. GYMNEMA LACTIFERUM, Br. in Mem. Wern. Soc. Edinb. I. 33
(1808) ; Wight Contrib. 44; Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 622; Hook. f.
Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 30; Trimen FI. Ceyl. III. 154. G. zeylanicum, Dene.
in DC. l.c. Asclepras lactifera, Linn. Sp. Pl. 216.

Var. nitens, Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 31. A twining shrub ; branch-
lets smooth, dark brown, glabrous, the uppermost pubescent. Leaves
membranous when dry and reddish brown ; ovate-lanceolate, acuminate
at apex, acute at base; glabrous on both surfaces or the midrib and
nerves beneath pubescent ; margins recurved; 2 to 4 in. long, -75 to 1:5
in. broad ; midrib slender ; main nerves about 6 pairs, curving acutely
upwards to an irregular intramarginal nerve, not prominent ; reticula-

540 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

tions faint ; petiole slender, -3 to -4 in. long. Cymes in pairs, opposite,
alternate with the leaves, minutely pubescent; umbels racemose, with
minute persistent bracts 10- to 12-flowered; peduncles -25 in. long ;
pedicels slender, -1 to -15 in. long; buds ovoid. Calyxz-lobes ovate with
scarious margins, ‘05 in. long; glands 5, subulate, black. Corolla ‘075 in.
long; lobes as long as tube, rounded. Corona of 5 pairs of bearded
ridges on the corolla-tube alternate with the lobes, and with small
rounded incurved tips. Anther-appendages rounded, minutely erose;
pollen-masses spathulate, connected by short jointed rounded caudicles
to the oblong pollen-carriers. Style-apex globose. Frwt not seen.
G. mtens, Blume Mus. Bot. I. 149, t. 29; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 498.
G. Malayanum, Griff. Notul. IV. 56, and Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 394.

PENANG: Curtis. PERAK: Scortechint 2007. Manacca: Maangay
(K.D.) 1110.—Distris. Sumatra, Borneo (Motley 383).

3. GymneMA Marneayt, Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 31 (1883). A slender
much twining undershrub; branchlets finely tawny-pubescent ; the bark
papery. Leaves membranous when dry; ovate-acuminate at apex,
cordate at base; both surfaces pubescent; the hairs with bulbous bases,
yellow when dry; margins slightly recurved; 1 to 2 in. long, -75 to
lin. broad; midrib prominent, impressed above, sometimes with a small
gland at the base ; main nerves 4 to 5 pairs arching upwards and anasto-
mosing near the margin ; reticulations not easily visible; petiole 125 to
‘25 in. long, curved, easily detached at the base. Cymes subsessile,
pubescent; the peduncle when present short, thickened; pedicels slender,
‘1 to ‘2 in. long; bracts most minute; buds oblong-conical. Calyx
deeply cleft, pubescent without; lobes oblong, obtuse, -05 in. long;
scales invisible. Corolla campanulate; tube ‘075 in. long; lobes ovate,
‘025 in. long, glabrous, thickened. Corona of small fleshy obtuse scales
in the sinuses of the corolla-lobes, and a decurrent hairy ridge below
extending about half-way down the tube. Stamenal-column columnar ;
anther-wings long ; appendages rounded, short, scarious ; pollen-masses
clavate, connected by very short jointed caudicles to the nearly globose
pollen-carriers. Style-apex dome-shaped, much exceeding the anthers.
Fruit not known. E

Mauacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1111.

4. GYMNEMA TINGENS, Wight Contrib. 45 (1834). A slender climb-
ing shrub; branchlets dark brown, slender, smooth, somewhat thickened
at the nodes. Leaves membranous when dry; ovate-acuminate at ©
apex, rounded shallowly cordate or (when young) slightly cuneate at
base ; both surfaces glabrous, olive-green when dry; margins slightly
recurved; 2:5 to 6 in. long, 1 to 3 in. broad; midrib slender, raised
beneath ; main nerves 5 to 8 pairs, the lowest 2 to 3 pairs rather close ©

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 541

together and more spreading than the rest; reticulations many, obscure ;
petiole slender, °75 to 15 in. long, channelled above. Cymes as long as
or shorter than the petioles, axillary between the leaves, puberulous ;
peduncles slender, ‘5 to -75 in. long; branches few, short, much
thickened, bracteate, bearing spirally racemose many-flowered umbels ;
pedicels capillary, ‘56 in. long; buds conical; flowers pale yellow.
Calyxz-lobes oblong, ‘15 to ‘2 in. long, ciliate; glands 5, very small.
Corolla-tube 1 in. long, pubescent within ; lobes ‘15 in. long, narrowly
oblong, obtuse, glabrous. Corona of thickened hispidly bearded broad
ridges inside the corolla-tube a little way below the sinuses of the lobes;
no free scales at the sinuses. Stamenal-colwmn slender, ‘15 in. long ; appen-
dages ovate, membranous, erect ; pollen-masses oblong-clavate, attached
to the ovoid pollen-carriers by very short clavate caudicles. Style-apex
elongate, clavate, much exceeding the anther-column. Follacles solitary,
slender, straight or very slightly curved, 5 to 6 in. long, -4 to ‘5 in.
broad, point acuminate; pericarp smooth, ribbed. Seeds elliptic, flat,
‘5 in. long, °3 in. broad, with a broad wing, base obtuse, apex slightly
produced and truncate, surmounted by a white silky coma 1°65 in. long ;
testa thin, dark brown; cotyledons elliptic, ‘15 in. long; radicle cylin-
dricyeOVo in: long. “Walls Cats 8190; Took. f£) Hl. Br. Mind TV. 31;
Prain Beng. Plants 694. G. tengens var. cordifolia, Wight Ic. t. 593.
Bidaria tingens, Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 623, partly. Asclepias
tungens, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 21, and Fl. Ind. II. 53.

Perak: at Ulu Bubong, 400 to 600 feet, clinging to large trees,
King’s Collector 10242; at Chanderiang under 300 feet, 7b. 5747.—
Distris. India, Burma.

91. GonGRoNEMA, Dene.

Twining shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite. Flowers small, in
sessile or pedunculate or branching cymes, often umbelliform, in one of the
axils of a pair of leaves, often with thickened tuberculate bracteate rachises
(as in Hoya). Calyx 5-partite, glandular or eglandular within. Corolla
urceolate subrotate or broadly campanulate; the lobes narrowly over-
lapping to the right (valvate in G. Wrayz). Corona-processes 5, adnate
to the staminal-column near the base, usually small and rounded, some-
times large, erect. Staminal-colunm inserted at the base of the corolla,
short; anther-appendages membranous, inflexed over the style-apex ;
pollen-masses solitary in each cell, erect, ovoid, waxy, attached by
slender curved caudicles to rather large ellipsoid pollen-carriers. Ovary
of 2 carpels; style short; style-apex conical or convex. frwt of 2
(more usually 1) smooth, acuminate follicular mericarps. Seeds
comose.—Distris. Species about 10; Asiatic, African, and Australian.

542 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Corolla urceolate; cymes shorter than the petioles; corona
rounded, more or less adherent to the staminal-column :— ;
Leaves rounded at base; caudicles of pollinia curved, slender 1. G. Wallichii.
Leaves cordate at base; caudicles of pollinia clavate eel) 2s Gre OUntisies
Corolla campanulate; cymes longer than the petioles; corona
ligulate, angularly bent upwards; caudicles slender, straight.. 3. G. bracteolatum.
Corolla campanulate, almost hypocrateriform; cymes shorter
than the petioles; corona dorsally flattened below, radically
flattened above; caudicles long, much curved Ae wo) 42 Ge Waray:

1. GoneronemA Wauuicuil, Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 624 (1844).
A small twining shrub; branchlets slender, pale brown, smooth. Leaves
firmly membranous; elliptic-oblong or -lanceolate, shortly acuminate
at apex, rounded at base; both surfaces glabrous, the lower paler ;
margins slightly recurved; 3 to 6 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad; midrib
slender, impressed above, raised beneath, with a small tuft of glands at
the base just above the petiole; main nerves 5 to 6 pairs, arched
upwards to meet in a prominent intramarginal looped nerve ; secondary
nerves and reticulations few, irregular; petiole -d to ‘75 in. long,
slender, twisted. Cymes subsessile, racemiform, few-flowered, shorter
than the petioles, on a stout rachis tuberculate with many persistent
small rounded imbricate bracts; pedicels slender, -1 to :15 in. long;
buds globose. Calyxz-lobes ovate-acute, scarious, ‘05 in. long; scales
5, minute. Corolla urceolate ; tube ‘1 in. long, nearly globose, minutely
hairy within ; teeth acuminate, erect or spreading, ‘05 in. long. Corona-
processes broad, somewhat incurved, rounded at the tip from a broad
base, adherent to the base of the staminal-column, fleshy. Stamznal-
column short; appendages membranous, acuminate; pollen-masses
oblong-ovoid, attached by slender curved caudicles to the ovoid pollen-
carriers. Style-apex shortly 5-lobed, with a conical apiculus. Follicles
slender, straight or gently curved, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, 6 in.
long, -3 to -4 in. broad; pericarp smooth. Seeds ovate, spathulate,
flattened, °3 to ‘35 in. long, twisted, with a broad wing. Mig. Fl. Ind.
Bat. II. 500; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 33. Gymnema Wallichu, Wight
Contrib. 46; Wall. Cat. 8195a.

Province WELLESLEY: Ridley 7029. Mauacca: Griffith (K.D.)
3770; Maingay (K.D.) 1113.—Distris. Borneo (Haviland 3508).

2. GONGRONEMA Curtis, King & Gamble, n.sp. A slender small
twining shrub; branchlets pale brown, slender, smooth; innovations
tawny-pubescent. Leaves membranous when dry; elliptic-lanceolate
or -obovate, broadly acuminate at apex, shortly cordate at base;
tawny-pubescent on both surfaces when young, glabrescent when
older, except on the margins and midrib, under surface pale grey; 2°5 to
3 in. long, ‘75 to 1-5 in. broad; midrib broad, prominent beneath, with

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 543

a small glandular tuft at the base just above the petiole; main nerves
5 to 6 pairs, very faint, curved upwards to a faint intramarginal nerve ;
reticulations not distinguishable; petiole slender, °5 to :75 in. long,
twisted at base. Cymes shorter than the petioles, pubescent, sessile or
very shortly pedunculate, 2-flowered with a thickened bracteate rachis ;
pedicels slender, ‘05 to ‘1 in. long; buds globose-conical; flowers pale
green. Calyx-lobes ovate-acute, pubescent, ciliate, -075 in. long;
scales about 10. Corolla urceolate; tube -15 in. long, pubescent
within; lobes oblong, acute, spreading, twisted, -1 in. long. Corona-
processes rounded, curved downwards, attached to the base of the
anthers, columnar, fleshy. Anthers short; appendages erect, mem-
- branous, triangular-ovate; pollen-masses oblong-ovoid, waxy, attached
by slender slightly clavate caudicles to the rather large ovate pollen-
carriers. Style-apex of a 5-lobed flattened ring, surrounded by a large
rounded conical apiculus. F'rwit not known.

Penane: on West Hill at 2000 ft., Curtzs 1545. Prrax: at Lower
Camp, Gunong Batu Patch, Wray 1011.

3. GONGRONEMA BRACTEOLATUM, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small
twining shrub; branchlets rather stout, brown, uppermost minutely
puberulous. Leaves coriaceous; oblong-lanceolate, acuminate at apex,
cordate at base; when young puberulous, when old glabrescent, except
on the midrib; margins recurved ; 3 to 6 in. long, 1:25 to 1:75 in. broad;
midrib rather stout, keeled above, furnished with a tuft of small glands
at the base just above the petiole; main nerves 6 to 7 pairs, acutely
curving upwards to join in a looped intramarginal nerve; reticulations
obscure; petiole °75 to 1 in. long, curved. Cymes longer than the
petioles, racemose, on ‘d to ‘75 in. long, thickened, many-bracted rachises
at the ends of the peduncles; peduncles thick, woody, °5 in. long;
pedicels ‘15 to ‘2 in. long; bracts ovate-acute; buds conical; flowers
yellow. Calyxz-lobes ovate-acute, glandular, ciliate, scarious, ‘05 in.
long; scales 10, minute. Corolla campanulate, broad; tube ‘1 in. long,
pubescent within ; lobes triangular, ovate-acute, spreading, 15 in. long.
Corona-processes attached to the back of the staminal-column at its
lower part, thick, fleshy, ligulate, bent in the middle and curving over the
top of the staminal-column and style-apex. Anthers with a short, mem-
branous, acuminate, incurved appendage ; pollen-masses ovoid, attached
by slender straight caudicles to the rather large pollen-carriers. Style-
apex annular, obscurely 5-lobed; the apiculus convex. Frwit not known.

PeRAK: at Goping, King’s Collector 721.

4. GoncRonEMA Wrayl, King & Gamble, n. sp. A slender twining
undershrub ; branchlets terete, yellowish, very flexuous. Leaves cori-
aceous, bright green, ovate, bluntly acuminate at apex, rounded and

a44 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

almost cordate at base; both surfaces glabrous, shining; margins
recurved ; 2°5 to 4 in. long, 1 to 1:75 in. broad; midrib stout, impressed
above, raised beneath, with a large gland at its base; main nerves
5 to 7 pairs, at about 70° with the midrib, nearly straight at first, then
often branched, joining an irregular looped intramarginal nerve; secon-
dary nerves many, similar, but not meeting the sinuses of the intra-
marginal nerve; reticulations irregular, usually branched towards the
midrib; petiole slender, ‘5 to ‘75 in. long. Cymes axillary, umbellate,
about 5- to 6-flowered, shorter than the petioles ; peduncle thick, about
‘lin. long; bracts triangular, small; pedicels -1 in. long, puberulous ;
flower-buds conical; flowers yellow. Calyx cup-shaped, pubescent
without; lobes orbicular, ciliate, 075 in. long; scales minute. Corolla
thick, campanulate, almost hypocrateriform ; tube cylindric, -15 to -2 in.
long, glabrous on both surfaces; lobes triangular, valvate, stellately
spreading, nearly as long as tube. Corona of 5 erect processes adnate
to the backs of the anthers, very fleshy, ovate, glabrous, dorsally
flattened and concave below, radially flattened and rounded at apex,
much longer than the staminal-column. Stamnal-column short; fila-
ment-tube nearly free from the corona; anther-cells parallel ; appendages
scarious, ovate-acute, incurved over the style-apex; pollen-masses ellip-
soid, granular, attached by very slender long curving caudicles to the
small conical pollen-carriers. Style-apex 5-angled, thick, depressed,
with a conical apex. Fruit not known.
PeRAK: at Relan Tujor, Wray 2243.

22. MarspeniA, Br.

Climbing, rarely erect, shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite.
Flowers small or of moderate size, in umbelliform cymes or in small
sessile umbels or clusters scattered along the branches of the cymes or
of panicles, which are lateral at the nodes or axillary. Calyx 5-partite,
with 5 to many glandular scales at the base within, sometimes eglandu-
lar. Corolla campanulate or urceolate; lobes 5, overlapping to the
right. Corona-processes 5, membranous or fleshy, arising from the
staminal-column, the basal part adnate to it, the apical part free; often
of two lobes one above the other. Stamnal-column arising from or
near to the base of the corolla; anthers erect, with membranous appen-
dages more or less incumbent over the style-apex; pollen-masses erect,
solitary in each anther-cell, oblong, waxy, attached in pairs by
moderately stout caudicles to the ovate horny pollen-carriers. Ovary
of 2 carpels; style short; style-apex large, usually more or less hol-
lowed above and then expanding into a convex or conical or depressed
tip. Fruit of 2 (more usually 1 only, by abortion) lanceolate or poniard-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 545

shaped follicular mericarps; pericarp thick, smooth or wrinkled, or
sometimes winged. Seeds comose.—Distris. About 70 species: in the
tropics of both hemispheres, one South European.

Plant turning blue in drying; flowers small, in clusters in a

thyrsoid panicle; corolla campanulate, lobes short, with tufts

of hair at the mouth; corona-processes subulate-acuminate,

longer than the anthers... -. lL. M. tinetoria.
Plant brown when dry; flowers in ee dtmetikete corymbose
cymes; corolla tubular-campanulate, lobes linear, glabrous;
corona-processes 2-lobed, outer flattened, inner acute, shorter
than the anthers :
Plant greenish-brown ‘ane ie nen in aes in a lone
spike or raceme; corolla urceolate, lobes lanceolate; corona-
processes none or small, and then adnate to the anthers .. 93. M. thyrsiflora.
Plant greyish when dry ; flowers in pedunculate umbels ; corolla

rotate, lobes broadly rounded; corona-processes large, round,

fleshy, with an acute beak shorter than, or equal to, the

anthers or a oe ce .. 4. WM. volubilis.

lo

. M. Seortechinii.

1. MarspEnza TINCTORIA, Br. in Mem. Wern. Soc. Edinb. I. 30 (1808).
A climbing shrub; stem stout, smooth; branchlets slender, smooth,
uppermost pubescent, the whole plant when dry having a blueish-black
tinge. Leaves membranous when dry; ovate or ovate-oblong, shortly
and abruptly acuminate, sometimes long caudate-acuminate at apex,
rounded or cordate at base; both surfaces finely pubescent when young,
afterwards glabrous; 3 to 9 in. long, 1 to 3 in. broad; midrib slender,
usually pubescent, furnished above at the base and partly on the petiole
with a group or string of small glands; main nerves 7 to 8 pairs, not
conspicuous, straight or slightly curved, usually at about 50° with the
midrib; reticulations transverse, slender, obscure; petiole slender,
puberulous, -75 to 1:25 and even 2 in. long, twisted and curved in the
middle. Cymes in densely flowered interrupted clusters along or on the
branches of a thyrsoid panicle reaching 3 to 6 in. in length and °5 to
1 in. in diam., grey-puberulous ; peduncles ‘5 to 1°5 in. long; pedicels
slender, -15 in. long; buds ovate; flowers yellow, blue when dry. Calyz-
lobes ovate, pubescent without, ciliate, 3- to 5-nerved, membranous,
‘05 in. long; glandular scales 5, minute. Corolla cylindric-campanulate;
tube slightly constricted at mouth, furnished within with 5 lines of
retrorse stiff hairs ‘075 in. long; lobes rounded, erect or spreading in
flower, ‘025 to ‘05 in. long, each furnished within with a tuft of stiff
bristles. Corona-processes membranous; the apex subulate-acuminate,
longer than the anthers. Anthers with membranous incurved appen-
dages; pollen-masses oblong, attached by long somewhat clayate

546 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

caudicles to the rather small pollen-carrier. Style-apex annular, 5-rayed;
the top depressed with a very short umbo. Follicle 1, pendulous ;
linear-lanceolate, 3 in. long, ‘5 in. in diam., somewhat gibbous at base,
acuminate and slightly hooked at tip; pericarp pubescent. Seeds com-
pressed, ovate, shortly beaked, -5 in. long, ‘25 in. broad, with a narrow
wing. Wight Contrib. 40, and Icones t. 519; Wall. Cat. 8173; Griff.
Notul. IV. 52, and Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 389; Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 615;
Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 491; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 34; Brandis For.
Fl. 332; Kurz For. Fl. Il. 201; Prain Beng. Plants 696. M. mono-
stachya, Wall. MSS. Asclepias tenctorra, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 20, and FI.
Ind. IT. 43. Pergularia tenctorta, Spreng. Syst. 1.844. P. parviflora,
Blume Bijdr. 1056. Cynanchum tingens, Hort. Ham.

Kepau: King’s Collector 1731. Perak: fidley 9672 (in very young
fruit and in some respects slightly different-looking) ; Scortechini
1299.—Disrris. India (Sikkim, Assam, and EH. Bengal), Burma,
Sumatra, Java, Borneo, China.

The description of the fruit requires verification for the Malay Peninsula.

9. Marspenta Scortecuinu, King & Gamble, n. sp. A twining
shrub; branchlets very slender, pale brown. Leaves membranous when
dry ; ovate, long-acuminate at apex, rounded or cordate at base; both
surfaces slightly puberulous when young, afterwards glabrous, brown
when dry; 2 to 3 in. long, 1 to 1:5 in. broad; midrib slender, with a
tuft of small glands at the base above the petiole; main nerves 5 to 7
pairs, curving upwards to anastomose near the margin; reticulations
many, transverse and netted; petiole slender, ‘5 to 1 in. long, twisted.
Cymes axillary between the petioles, pedunculate, corymbose, puberulous,
about 1 in. long and broad; peduncles ‘5 in. long; flowers very many ;
buds conical-acuminate; pedicels ‘15 in. long; bracts ovate-acuminate.
Calyx-lobes oblong, acute, membranous, ciliate, -1 in. long; scales 5,
minute. Corolla tubular-campanulate; tube -1 in. long, glabrous
within ; lobes linear-oblong, ‘15 in. long, glabrous. Corona-processes
membranous, bifid; outer lobe flattened, rounded ; inner erect, acute,
shorter than the anther-column. Anthers with prominent cells ; appen-
dages membranous, acute, erect ; pollen-masses large, oblong, attached
by rather short caudicles to the rather large ovate, channelled, pollen-
carriers. Style-apex rounded at top, bearing a rather large dome-shaped
apex. rut not known.

Perak: at Tjuk, Scortechim 1162.

3. MARSDENIA THYRSIFLORA, Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 37 (1883).
A climbing shrub; branches pale brown, terete ; uppermost branchlets
minutely puberulous. Leaves membranous; broadly ovate or deltoid-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 5AT

ovate, acuminate at apex, deeply (often 1 to 1:25 in.) cordate at base,
the sinus ‘5 to -75 in. broad; glabrous on both surfaces on young leaves
only, slightly puberulous on the nerves beneath; 4 to 8 in. long, 2 to
6 in. broad; midrib rather broad with a cluster of small glands at its
base; main nerves 5 to 7 pairs, the lowest 1 to 2 pairs in the basal
lobes deflexed, the others curving upwards to anastomose near the
margin; reticulations slender, prominent; petiole 1 to 3:5 in. long,
terete. Cymes lateral, 4 to 6 in. long, puberulous, spicate or racemose ;
rachis flexuous, somewhat flattened ; flowers in clusters of about 3 to 6
on a tubercular base ; bracts small, acute; pedicels slender, -1 in. long ;
buds ovoid. Calyx deeply cleft; lobes ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, the
margins hyaline; scales long, subulate. Corolla urceolate, glabrous
without and within; lobes short, much thickened, lanceolate. Corona-
processes none, or reduced to a rounded film attached to the back of the
anthers. Stamens with small spurs to the anthers; appendages long,
acuminate, connivent over the style-apex. Style-apex 5-lobed, flat, with
a fusiform tip. Jollcles (usually 1 only) lanceolate, 2 in. long, -25 in.
broad, recurved, acuminate; pericarp thinly coriaceous, smooth,
glabrous. Seeds ovate, 2 in. long, ‘1 in. broad, broadly winged; coma
short, white-silky; testa very thin, pale brown; cotyledons elliptic,
‘025 in. long; radicle as long as cotyledons. Prain Beng. Plants 696.
M. tinctorva in part, Herb. Hook. f. and Th.

PAHANG: at Talian river, Frdley 2414.—Disrris. India (Assam,
Khasia Hills, jheels of Lower Bengal).

4. MarspENIA vouuBiLis, T. Cooke, Fl. Bomb. II. 166 (1904). A
stout climbing shrub with rough brown corky bark; branchlets
pale brown with occasional lenticels; innovations whitish-puberulous.
Leaves somewhat coriaceous when fresh, membranous when dry;
broadly ovate or suborbicular, acuminate at apex, cordate or truncate or
rounded, occasionally slightly cuneate at base; young leaves minutely
tomentose, especially on the under surface, afterwards glabrous, ashy
grey when dry; 2°5 to 6 in. long, 1°75 to 4:5 in. broad; midrib stout,
raised beneath, furnished with a few small glands in a cluster at the
base adjoining the petiole; main nerves also raised beneath, 4 to 6
pairs, the lowest 2 pairs from close by the base, spreading and curving
~ upwards; reticulations prominent, usually raised, larger ones transverse;
petiole ‘5 to 1-5 in. long, stout or slender. Cymes umbellate, glabrous
or mealy-pubescent, many-flowered ; peduncles 1 to 2 in. long, slender,
arising from between the petioles; bracts ovate-acuminate, sometimes
leafy; pedicels slender, -25 to 1 in. long; buds globose, depressed ;
flowers bright green. Calyx-lobes ovate-oblong, obtuse, ciliolate, -1 in.
long; glandular scales 5, minute, between the lobes. Corolla rotate,

11

548 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

deeply divided; tube -1 to ‘15 in. long; lobes rounded, rather longer,
glabrous without and usually within. Corona-processes large, fleshy,
rounded, with a short beak extending over the top of the staminal-
column and style-apex. Staminal-colwmn arising from the base of the
corolla; appendages membranous, ovate, obtuse, arching over the
stigma; pollen-masses oblong-spathulate, large, waxy, attached by
short thick caudicles to the linear-oblong pollen-carriers. Ovary of
2 pubescent carpels; style-apex dome-shaped. follicles 2 (or 1, by
abortion), broadly lanceolate, tapering to a blunt point, divaricate in a
straight line, 3 to 4 in. long, 1 in. broad; pericarp smooth, yellow,
mealy when young. Seeds broadly ovate, ‘d in. long, -3 in. broad,
broadly winged; the tip truncate, with a 2 in. long coma of white silky
hairs; testa smooth, shining; cotyledons ovate, °3 by 2 in., flat; radicle
‘Lin. long. Dregea volubilis, Benth. Gen. Pl. 775 ex Hook. f. Fl. Br.
Ind. IV. 46; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 161; Prain Beng. Plants 697. Hoya
viridiflora, Br. in Mem. Wern. Soc. Edinb. I. 27; Wight Contrib. 39,
and in Hook. Bot. Misc. II. 98, t. 1, and Ic. t. 586; Wall. Cat. 8168;
Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 153; Griff. Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 387, 388. Asclepias
volubtlis, Linn. f.; Roxb. Fl. Ind. 1. 36. Apocynum tiiefolium, Lamk.
Encycl. I. 214. Wattakaka viridiflora, Hassk. in Flora 1857, 79.
“ Watta-kaka-codi,’” Rheede Hort. Mal. IX. t. 15.

SramMesE States: Pulau Badak, Curtzs 2997.—Distris. India,
Ceylon, Java.

The only Malay specimen available is a poor one, with small umbels and flowers
smaller than in the usual Indian forms, but the structure agrees with the latter.

23. PERGULARIA, Linn.

Twining shrubs. Leaves opposite. Flowers of moderate size,
numerous, in pedunculate or subsessile umbelliform cymes, lateral
between the bases of the petioles. Calyx 5-partite; scales within 5 or
none. Corolla hypocrateriform; tube inflated at the base; lobes 5,
erect, overlapping to the right. Corona of 5 erect processes arising
from the base of the staminal-column and adnate to it in the lower
part, free above and with a narrow or subulate process on the inner
face. Staminal-column arising from the base of the corolla; anthers
oblong, erect, with long erect membranous appendages conniving over
the apex of the style; pollen-masses solitary in each anther-cell, erect,
attached in pairs to the pollen-carriers by very short caudicles. Ovary
of 2 carpels; style not exceeding the anther-appendages; style-apex ~
stout, ovoid-pentagonal. ollicles lanceolate, terete, rather turgid.
Seeds ovate, concave, comose.—Distris. About 10 species, chiefly
Indian and Malayan, one in Tropical and South Africa.

Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula. 549

PERGULARIA PUBERULA, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 495 (1856). A
twining shrub; branchlets slender, terete, puberulous as are the
innovations. Leaves membranous; ovate or oblong-ovate, acuminate
at apex, rounded or shallowly cordate at base, puberulous when young,
when older only on the nerves; 3 to 5 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad; midrib
slender, with a tuft of minute glands at the base above the petiole ;
main nerves 6 to 7 pairs, the lowest 2 pairs rather close together, the
rest distant, curving upwards to anastomose near the margin; reticula-
tions transverse, prominent on the lower surface; petiole slender,
puberulous, 1 to 1:5 in. long. Cymes umbelliform, in pairs on the top
of a*d to 2 in. long peduncle, puberulous, many-flowered; bracts minute,
subulate ; pedicels slender, ‘25 to ‘5 in. long; buds oblong-conical.
Calyx membranous; lobes ovate-obtuse, unequal, ‘05 to ‘1 in. long,
puberulous, ciliate on the margins; scales obscure. Corolla pubescent
without ; tube -25 in. long, inflated below, slightly contracted at the
mouth; lobes linear-oblong, obtuse, hispidly ciliate, as long as tube.
Corona-processes laterally compressed, 2-winged below, beaked above,
the inner face with a subulate curved appendage arching over the
anthers and longer than them. Pollen-masses oblong, obtuse, attached
a little above their bases by very short stout caudicles to the bifid
pollen-carriers. Style-apex rounded-conical. Frwt not known. Hook.
f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 38.

Prenane: Phillips; at Penara Bakit, Curtis 932.—Distris. Java
(Horsfield, Kurz).

P. minor, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 184, is a garden species found in cultivation in India
and Malaya, and prized for its greenish-yellow scented flowers. Its native home is
uncertain. Mawacca: Griffith.

24. SrEPHANOTIS, Thouars.

Twining shrubs, often long-scandent. Leaves opposite, coriaceous.
Flowers in umbelliform axillary pedunculate cymes, usually large, white
and sweet-scented. Calyx 5-partite, with large lobes; glandular scales
usually none. Corolla hypocrateriform; tube long, cylindric, inflated at
the base; lobes twisted, overlapping to the right. Corona of 5 processes,
_ adnate to the back of the anthers, flattened, sometimes none. Stamunal-
columm arising from the base of the corolla; anthers erect, with
erect or inflexed membranous appendages; pollen-masses solitary in
each anther-cell, erect, attached in pairs to the carriers by very short
caudicles. Ovary of 2 carpels; style short; style-apex conical or
shortly beaked, hardly or not exserted. Fruzt of 2 very thick, obtuse
or acuminate, follicular mericarps. Seeds comose.—Distris. About

550 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

15 species, chiefly from Madagascar, a few from the Malay Archipelago
and China.

SrepHanotis Maineayi, Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 39 (1883). A
stout, long-scandent, climbing shrub; branchlets stout, pale brown,
puberulous with retrorse curved tubercular hairs. Leaves coriaceous,
chartaceous when dry; ovate or ovate-oblong, acuminate at apex,
shortly cordate at base; both surfaces glabrous and yellow when dry ;
margins recurved; 4 to 6 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad; midrib slender but
prominent, raised beneath; main nerves 8 to 10 pairs, the lowest pair
nearly at right angles to the midrib, the rest at about 45°, nearly
straight, joining towards the margin in a looped intramarginal nerve ;
reticulations distant, transverse; petiole pubescent, ‘d to 1 in. long;
Cymes few-flowered; peduncle 1 to 3 in. long, stout; bracts small,
subulate-acuminate; pedicels stout, puberulous, °75 to 1:5 in. long;
buds elongate-clavate ; flowers pale sulphur-yellow, large, fragrant,
2°5 in. in diam. Calyx glabrous, except at extreme base; tube very
short; lobes oblong-lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved with netted reticula-
tions, ‘75 in. long, °3 in. broad; scales none. Corolla-tube 1 in. long,
thick, with 5 thick ridges within opposite the anthers, the hollows
between the ridges filled with brown stiff retrorse bristles; lobes
slightly longer than the tube or equal to it, ovate-lanceolate, acumi-
nate, spreading. Corona none. Staminal-colwmn in all ‘5 in. long,
stout, on a thickened base; anther-wings horny; appendages pale,
oblong, obtuse; pollen-masses oblong, with very short scarcely apparent
caudicles. Style-apex capitate, flattened, on a short column supported
by a thickened ring. F'ruzt not known.

Mauacca: climbing extensively over trees, Maingay (K.D.) 1112.
SincaporE: Hullett 147.

25. TynopHora, Br.

Erect or twining perennials. Leaves opposite. Flowers small,
lateral between the bases of the petioles or axillary, in simple or
branched cymes of flower-clusters or short racemes, or sometimes in
sessile flower-clusters at the nodes of the stem. Calyx 5-partite,
5-glandular within. Corolla rotate or rotate-campanulate, deeply
5-lobed, the lobes slightly overlapping to the right. Corona of 5 small
fleshy tubercular processes, adnate to or radiating from the filament
part of the staminal-column and arising from near its base. Stamanal-
column arising from the base of the corolla; anthers erect, small, with
small membranous appendages; pollen-masses very minute, erect, sub-
erect or horizontal, attached by their middle or near their base to very
slender caudicles by which they are affixed in pairs to the pollen-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 501

carriers. Ovary of 2 carpels; style-apex pentagonal or 5-lobed, de-
pressed, flattened or convex, rarely slightly exceeding the anthers.
Fruit of 2 (or by abortion 1) follicular mericarps, smooth, acute or
acuminate, sometimes inflated or winged. Seeds comose.—DIstTRIB.
About 40 species: widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical
regions of the Old World and Australia.

Leaves and branches and cymes glabrous; corona-processes
globose, without free points above; calyx glabrous :—
Flowers rather large, -3 in. broad at least; leaves usually over

2 in. long :—
Corona-processes globose, shorter than the anthers ; leaves
2°5 to 6 in. long ae -» IL. T. longifolia.

Corona-processes globose, as long as the anthers; leaves
1 to 3 in. long os oe Bc OF
Flowers very small, ‘1 in. broad; leaves under 2in.long .. 3.
Branches and inflorescence more or less pubescent; calyx
pubescent :—
Corona-processes globose, without free tips above; follicles
where known slender, acuminate :—
Leaves glabrous ; corolla very small ae me) che) exits.
Leaves tomentose ; corolla about -3 in. broad .. . T. hirsuta var.
penangensis.

. globifera.
. tenuis.

RS
La a

Or

Corona-processes with small free points above; follicles broad,

yentricose, obtuse :—
Leaves 3 to 6in. long, not or very slightly cordate at base.. 6. T. Wallichii.
Leaves 5 to 7 in. long, deeply cordate at base .. .. 7. T. perakensis.

1. TynopHorsA LonGiFoL1a, Wight Contrib. 50 (1834). A slender
twiner ; stems pale brown, glabrous, striate when dry. Leaves mem-
branous when dry ; ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate at
apex, rounded or slightly cordate at base; glabrous on both surfaces ;
2-5 to 6 in. long, ‘75 to 1:75 in. broad ; midrib slender, raised beneath,
with ‘a tuft of minute glands at the base just above the petiole; main
nerves 7 to 8 pairs, the lowest 2 pairs close to the base, the rest sharply
curved upwards to and along the margin, all raised beneath; reticula-
tions scanty, transverse; petiole slender, ‘5 to ‘75 in. long, pubescent
in the channel on the upper surface. Cymes paniculate, glabrous,
lateral between the leaf-petioles, up to 4 in. long; peduncles slender,
1 to 2 in. long; branches divaricate, slender ; fower-clusters distant,
umbellate, 2- to 5-flowered; pedicels capillary, -2 to -3 in. long; buds
ovoid; flowers rather large, up to ‘4 in. in diam., yellowish-green or
-red. Calyx glabrous; lobes lanceolate, ‘025 in. long; scales minute.
- Corolla rotate; tube very short; lobes oblong-lobtuse, 5- to 7-nerved,
membranous, ‘1 in. long. Corona-processes dilated, globose, shorter

502 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

than the anthers. Anthers broad ; appendages short, incurved; pollen-
masses ovoid, horizontal, attached by minute straight caudicles to
the slightly spurred pollen-carriers. Ovary of 2 carpels; style-apex
pentagonal, tip convex. Jollicles 2, divaricate at right angles,
lanceolate, poniard-shaped, long-acuminate, 3:5 to 4:5 in.long, -25 in.
broad; pericarp thin, smooth. Seeds oblong, broadly winged, -4 to
‘ in. long, -15 to -2 in. broad, base rounded; tip broadly truncate,
bearing a white silky coma 1:5 in. long; testa thin, dark brown,
smooth ; cotyledons elliptic, (075 in. long, nerved; radicle cylindric,
05 in. long. Wall. Cat. 8205; Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 608; Hook. f.
Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 42.

PERAK: on Maxwell’s Hill, 3500 ft., Wray 4185; do. Ridley 5514 ;
Scortechim ; at 3500 to 4000 ft., Avng’s Collector, 3317, 3318, 6301; at
Cottage Hill, 4000 to 6000 ft., Curtzs 145, 2087.—Distris. India
(Sikkim, Khasia Hills, Sylhet).

2. TyLOPHORA GLOBIFERA, Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 41 (1883). A
slender, glabrous, twining undershrub; branchlets glabrous, terete.
Leaves membranous; ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate at apex,
rounded or slightly cordate at base; both surfaces glabrous, smooth ;
margins slightly recurved; 1 to 3 in. long, ‘5 to 1:5 in. broad; midrib
slender, raised beneath; main nerves 4 to 7 pairs, at first nearly straight,
then curving to join in an intramarginal looped nerve; petiole ‘25 to
‘5 in. long, slender. Cymes long-peduncled, compressed, few-flowered,
more or less umbellate; peduncles about 1 in. long; bracts lanceolate-
acuminate ; pedicels filiform, ‘5 to :75 in. long; buds ovoid, depressed ;
flowers blue (Kunstler). Calyx glabrous; lobes ovate-lanceolate, *1 in.
long. Corolla ‘3 in. in diam., cleft half-way down; lobes ovate, ‘15 in.
long, prominently nerved. Corona-processes globose, large, as high as
the anthers. Anther-appendages short, crenate, incurved over the
style-apex; pollen-masses ellipsoid, horizontal, joined by straight
caudicles to the small oblong pollen-carriers. Style-apex 5-lobed; tip
convex. fruit not known.

Perak: banks of Bernam river, King’s Collector 8853. Mawacca:
Griffith 3764.—Distrisn. Andaman Islands, Borneo.

3. TYLOPHORA TENUIS, Blume Bijdr. 1062 (1826). A slender twiner ;
stems much branched, very slender, glabrous; the nodes pubescent, the
internodes sometimes only. Leaves somewhat fleshy when fresh,
membranous when dry; variable in shape, ovate-elliptic or -oblong or
-lanceolate, acute or apiculate at apex, rounded or slightly cordate at
base ; margins recurved ; -75 to 2 in. long, -25 to 1 in. broad; midrib
slender, puberulous above; main nerves 4 to 5 pairs, indistinct, nearly
straight to join an intramarginal looped nerve; reticulations obscure ;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 503

petioles :25 to ‘5 in. long, puberulous in the channel on the upper side.
Cymes from between the petioles, very slender, paniculate, glabrous,
reaching 4 to 5 in. in length; rachis filiform, flexuose, its branches
divaricate, finally bearing few-flowered subumbellate racemes ; pedicels
filiform, -25 to ‘5 in. long; bracts minute, lanceolate-subulate; buds
globose; flowers dark purple. Calyx glabrous; lobes lanceolate, ‘025 in.
long. Corolla rotate; tube short; lobes ovate-oblong, obtuse, 3-nerved.
Corona-processes inflated, somewhat annular-globose, as long as the
filaments. Anthers slender; appendages very short, incurved ; pollen-
masses minute, horizontal, ovoid, attached by straight caudicles to the
rather slender pollen-carriers. Ovary of 2 carpels; style-apex pen-
tagonal, top convex. ollicles 1 or 2, 2 to 3 in. long, lanceolate, poniard-
shaped, long-acuminate; pericarp membranous, smooth. Seeds ovate,
‘2 to -25 in. long, broadly winged, dentate below, truncate at tip, and
bearing a white silky coma ‘75 to 1 in. long; testa dark brown, striate,
sparsely tubercular; cotyledons elliptic, radicle cylindric, both together
‘05 to lin. long. Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 608; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.
Mie s8 Hook tf, Hy Br vind!) LVi425)irimen Hy Ceyl, Jil. 158;
Cooke Fl. Bomb. II. 162; Prain Beng. Plants 698. JT. carnosa, Wall.
in Wight Contrib. 49; Wall. Cat. 8200; Wight Ic. t. 351; Dene. in
DC. 1. c. 607; Mig. l.c. 488. TZ’. tenwissoma, Wight Contrib. 47, and Ic.
t. 588; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 150; Dene. in DC. l. c. 607. Asclepias
tenurssuma, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 20, and Fl. Ind. II. 41. A. dichotoma,
Rottl. in Wall. Cat. 8200 B.c. Ceropegia Decaisneana, Miq. PI.
Hohenack. 634.

Penane: Curtis 1526. Prax: Wray 2125; Scortechini; King’s
Collector 6099, 10600. Matacca: Griffith; Maingay (K.D.) 1108, 1139.
JoHorEe: Ridley 4030, 9162. Stnearpore: Frdley 5746; Kunstler 113,
266.—Distris. India, Burma, Ceylon, Java, Borneo (Haviland 3060).

4, TyYLOPHORA EXILIS, Colebr. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XII. 358, t. 16
(1817). A slender twiner; branchlets pale brown, terete, slender,
puberulous. Leaves chartaceous when dry ; ovate-oblong or -lanceolate,
shortly and abruptly acuminate at apex, rounded at base; glabrous on
both surfaces ; margins recurved; 2 to 3 in. long, 1 to 1:5 in. broad;
midrib slender, impressed above, raised beneath, with a few minute
glands at its base; main nerves 4 to 6 pairs, the lowest 2 pairs close
together, the rest distant, curving upwards to meet in a looped intra-
marginal nerve raised above; secondary nerves few ; reticulations
obscure ; petiole slender, ‘5 to 1 in. long, articulate at the base.
Inflorescence longer than the leaves, up to 4 in. long, puberulous ;
rachis slender, flexuous, simple or rarely branched, bearing at its nodes
umbellately racemose flower-clusters, the clusters many-flowered; bracts

554 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

minute, persistent ; pedicels slender, -1 to -15 in. long; buds very small,
globose; flowers light brown. Calyx pubescent without; lobes ovate
acute, ciliate, ‘04 in. long; scales minute. Corolla rotate, very small,
glabrous, membranous ; lobes ‘05 in. long, 3-nerved. Corona-processes
inflated, obtuse, shorter than the anthers. Anthers slender; appendages
short, membranous; pollen-masses ovoid, attached by very short
straight caudicles to the minute slightly spurred pollen-carriers. Ovary
of 2 carpels; style-apex pentagonal, flat, very slightly convex at tip,
Follicle 1, subulate, acuminate, 3 to 4 in. long, -25 in. broad; pericarp
chartaceous, smooth, glabrous. Seeds ovate-oblong, ‘25 to ‘35 in. long,
‘1 in. broad, slightly contracted above below the broad truncate tip,
which bears a white silky coma ‘75 to 1 in. long, denticulate at base,
broadly winged; testa brown, thin, shining, striate; cotyledons elliptic,
‘1 in. long, 3-nerved; radicle cylindric, ‘05 in. long. Wight Contrib.
50; Wall. Cat. 8206; Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 608; Hook. f. Fl. Br.
Ind. IV. 44; Prain Beng. Plants 698. Pergularza extlis, Spreng. Syst.
I. 844.

Perak: at Kota, Wray 2417, 3053; King’s Collector 6470. Drypines:
on Pangkore Island, Scortechint 1035. Mauacca: Griffith 3764.—
Distris. India (Assam, Sylhet, Chittagong).

5. TyLopHoRA HirsuTA, Wight Contrib. 49 (1834); Wall. Cat. 8201;
Denes in DC) Prodr. VIS 607 ~ Hooke yt Hh sbicien linda eet
T. Jacquemontw, Dene. l.c. Gymnema hirsutwm, Wall. Tent. Fl. Nep.
50.—Distris. India (Himalaya from Kumaon eastwards, Hastern
Bengal).

Var. penangensis, Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 43. A climbing
shrub; branchlets densely ferruginous tomentose. Leaves subcoriaceous;
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate at apex, attenuate, rounded, or some-
what cordate at base; both surfaces ferruginous-tomentose, the hairs
with bulbous bases ; 2 to 4 in. long, 1 to 1:75 in. broad; midrib rather
stout; main nerves 4 to 6 pairs, curved upwards to and along the
margin ; reticulations netted; petiole ‘5 to ‘75 in. long, densely
tomentose. Cymes ferruginous-villous, much branched, 1 to 5 in. long;
branches dichotomous; flowers in racemiform clusters on enlarged
many-bracteate rachises ; bracts ovate-acuminate ; pedicels very slender,
‘25 to ‘5 in. long. Calyx-lobes pubescent, very small, ‘3 in. long, ovate-
acute. Corolla deeply cleft; lobes triangular-ovate, acute, -1 in. long.
Corona of 5 subglobose processes on the backs of the anthers and
shorter than them. Anther-appendages short, incurved; pollen-masses
nearly globose, horizontal, attached by slender slightly curved caudicles
to the oblong pollen-carriers. Style-apex 5-angled, included within
the anthers. Frutt not seen. T', mollissima, Wall. Cat. 8202.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 5)5

Penana: Phillips; at Waterfall stone-quarry, Curtis ——DIsTRIB.
China? Wallich 8202 (cult. in Hort. Calc.).

After examining specimens at Kew, we prefer to leave this plant in its present
rather doubtful position, rather than to accept the suggestion in Fl. Br. Ind. that it
may ke I. villosa, Blume, of Java. Its place will probably have to be reconsidered
when better specimens are available.

6. TynopHorA Watuicuu, Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 45 (1883). A
slender twining shrub; branchlets slender, terete, younger puberulous.
Leaves thickly coriaceous when green, chartaceous when dry ; ovate-
lanceolate or ovate-oblong, acuminate at apex, rounded or slightly
cordate at base; both surfaces glabrous except the nerves beneath when
young; margins slightly recurved; 3 to 6 in. long, ‘5d to 2 in. broad;
midrib rather stout, raised beneath, with a few minute glands at the
base above the petiole; main nerves 6 to 8 pairs, curving upwards to
join in a rather obscure intramarginal looped nerve; reticulations trans-
verse, obscure; petiole slender, puberulous, °75 to 1 in. long, articulate
at the base. Inflorescence lateral from between the bases of the petioles,
often longer than the leaves, divaricately branched, subsessile or on
peduncles ‘5d to ‘75 in. long; branches slender, long; flower-clusters
racemose, pubescent, with many minute ovate-acute sheathing per-
sistent bracts; pedicels capillary, °3 to -4 in. long, pubescent; buds
globose; flowers pale yellow. Calyx membranous; lobes ovate-oblong,
acute, ‘0 in. long, ciliate, pubescent without; scales minute. Corolla
rotate-campanulate ; tube -05 in. long; lobes ovate-oblong, acute, ‘1 in.
long, thin, 5-nerved. Corona-processes thick, rounded, fleshy, ending
in a cuspidately acute point, reaching to the level of the style-apex.
Anthers narrow; appendages very short; pollen-masses very minute,
nearly globose, attached by very slender straight caudicles to the minute
pollen-carriers. Style-apex pentagonal; top convex. Jollicle 1, recurved
to the horizontal, 3-5 to 4 in. long, 1 in. broad, oblong-ellipsoid
ventricose, obtuse at the tip; pericarp light green, pale brown and
chartaceous when dry and longitudinally striate. Seeds flattened, °5 in.
long, broadly ovate, with a broad wing; testa brown, shining; tip
truncate, bearing a 1 in. long white silky coma; cotyledons broadly
ovate, 3-nerved, ‘15 to ‘2 in. in diameter ; radicle cylindric, ‘075 in. long.
Gymnema Wallchiz, in part, Wight Contrib. 46. G. sagittatwm, Wall.
Cat. 81948.

PENANG : in Pulau Betong Reserve, Curtis 933. Prrax: Wray
3047 ; King’s Collector 5259, 5439. Mauacca: Griffith; Maingay (K.D.)
1142. Srmyeapore: Wallich 8194s.

7. TYLOPHORA PERAKENSIS, King & Gamble, n. sp. A climbing
shrub; branches stout, fleshy; branchlets smooth, striate, pale brown

506 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

when dry; internodes long. Leaves membranous when dry; ovate,
acuminate at apex, deeply cordate at base; glabrous on both surfaces ;
5 to 7 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad ; midrib slender, raised beneath, bearing
a small cluster of glands at the base just above the petiole; main
nerves 9 to 10 pairs, the lowest 1 or 2 pairs decurved into the basal
lobes, the rest curving upwards to anastomose near the margin in
an obscure looped nerve; reticulations few, transverse, prominent when
dry; petiole fleshy, glabrous, 1 to 3 in. long, articulate at the base.
Inflorescence lateral from between the petioles, as long as or longer
than the leaves, divaricately branched, glabrous; peduncles stout, 1 to
15 in. long; branches long, slender; flower-clusters umbellate, 6- to
8-flowered; bracts minute, usually soon deciduous; pedicels capillary,
‘1 to -2 in. long; buds ovoid; flowers green. Calyx pubescent without ;
lobes ovate-acute, ‘075 in. long, ciliate; scales subulate. Corolla cam-
panulate-rotate ; tube short; lobes oblong-obtuse, 5-nerved, thickened,
minutely pubescent above. Corona-processes nearly globose, fleshy,
shorter than the anthers; point small, appressed to the anthers,
acute. Anthers slender above; appendages acuminate, incurved; pollen-
masses nearly globose, very minute, attached by slender straight
caudicles to the minute pollen-carriers. Style-apex pentagonal, top
convex. follicle 1, ventricose, only slightly recurved, 5 to 6 in. long,
15 in. broad, oblong, very obtuse at tip ; pericarp light green and glossy
when fresh, chartaceous when dry, striate longitudinally ; dissepiments
fibrous-crustaceous. Seeds flattened, ‘5 in. long, broadly ovate, with a
broad wing; testa brown, shining ; tip with a ‘75 in. long white silky
coma; cotyledons broadly ovate, 3-nerved, -15 in. long; radicle
cylindric, 075 in. long.

PeERAK: at lower camp, Gunong Batu Pateh, 3400 ft., Wray 1227;
in open jungle at 200 to 300 ft., King’s Collector 5761, 7178, 8348; at
Ipoh, Curtis 3186.—Disrrip. Borneo (Teysmann 11578; Motley 625).

This species comes very near to 7. Wallichii, but is much larger and more
glabrous, has more deeply cordate leaves, a larger inflorescence with umbellate instead
of racemose flower-clusters, a less beaked corona and longer anther-appendages.
Curtis’ No. 3186 has one inflorescence with the flower-clusters racemose and the
others umbellate, and seems to come between the two species, but in other respects
it belongs to this.

26. HetTERostemmMa, W. & A.

Twining shrubs. Leaves opposite, often 3- to 5-nerved at the base.
Flowers small, in lateral sessile or pedunculate umbellate or racemose
cymes. Calyx 5-partite. Corolla campanulate, urceolate or rotate ;
lobes triangular, valvate or slightly overlapping to the right. Corona

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 507

of 5 thin or fleshy processes spreading more or less horizontally from
the staminal-column, usually with an erect tubercle on the upper side ;
the tips flat or dentate or laciniately cleft. Staminal-colunm short,
depressed ; the anthers minute, ending in a small membranous appen-
dage; pollen-massses 1 in each anther-cell, subquadrate or rounded,
sometimes with a thin margin on the inner side, erect, sessile or
attached by very short caudicles to the pollen-carriers. Ovary of
2 carpels, distinct or combined; style-apex pentagonal, flat, not
exserted beyond the anthers. rut of 2 distinct or adherent
slender straight follicular mericarps. Seeds thin, winged, comose; the
margin recurved.—Distris. About 10 species, Indian and Malayan.
Corolla rotate-campanulate ; corona thin, long, entire or laciniate,

spreading horizontally ; leaves truncate or cordate at base .. Ll. H. piperifolium.
Corolla ovoid-urceolate; corona thick, short, much fimbriate,

more or less erect; leaves cuneate at base ae .. 2. H. fimbriatum.

1. HETEROSTEMMA PIPERIFOLIUM, King & Gamble, n. sp. A slender
twining shrub; branchlets pale, terete, slightly channelled when dry,
uppermost very minutely puberulous. Leaves membranous when dry,
3- to d-nerved; triangular-ovate, acuminate at apex, broadly truncate at
base, sometimes slightly decurrent; both surfaces minutely puberulous,
the lower the most; 2°5 to 3°5 in. long, 1°56 to 2°5 in. broad; midrib
slender, furnished at the base with 1 or more rather conspicuous glands ;
main nerves 4 pairs, the lowest 2 pairs from the base, the first pair very
small, the second strong and with the others curving upwards to join
near the margin; reticulations few, obscure, irregular; petiole slender,
twisted, ‘75 to 2 in. long. Cymes few-flowered, umbellately racemose,
on stout ‘5 to -75 in. long peduncles; the rachis of the raceme thickened,
with minute bracts; pedicels slender, -25 in. long; buds globose,
depressed; flowers yellow. Calyx-lobes ovate, -05 in. long, ciliate, the
margins hyaline; scales minute. Corolla rotate-campanulate, -3 in.
broad, puberulous without, the base short at first, then spreading,
divided about half-way down; lobes triangular, incurved. Corona-pro-
cesses spreading, lying flat on the corolla, ‘1 in. long, linear-lanceolate,
entire or variously laciniate, the upper part with a slight rounded pro-
tuberance or nearly flat. Staminal-column short; appendages mem-
branous, curved over the style-apex; pollen-masses erect, waxy,
flattened on the inner, curved on the outer edge, sessile on the
triangular-elongate pollen-carrier. Carpels distinct ; style-apex thin,
flattened, 5-gonal. ollicles slender, long-acuminate, recurved to about
3 right angles, 4 to 5 in. long, ‘15 to -2 in. broad; pericarp thin, smooth.
Seeds ovate-oblong, very thin, with broad thin margins; apex bearing a
‘75 in. long white silky coma; testa very thin, brown.

508 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

PeRAK: at Kwala Dipang, Azdley 9619; at Larut, 200 to 500 ft.,
King’s Collector 2338, 7973 ; at Ijuk, Scortechine 1097, 1150.

At first sight this species closely resembles H. chrysanthum (Symphysicarpus
chrysanthus, Hassk.), but differs completely in the corona and in the very divaricate
follicles.

Var. cordatum, King & Gamble. Leaves cordate to a depth of about
‘4 in.; main nerves 0 to 6 pairs, the basal pairs 3, of which the lowest
much deflexed in the lobes of the leaf. Corona-lobes usually entire.
Rest as in the type.

Perak: Scortechint. Only one rather poor specimen of this is
available.

2. HETEROSTEMMA FIMBRIATUM, King & Gamble, n. sp. A twining
shrub; stems pale brown, with 2 longitudinal lines of hairs. Leaves
fleshy, chartaceous when dry ; oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate at
apex, cuneate at base; both surfaces glabrous, lower pale; margins slightly
recurved; 3°5 to 4:5 in. long, 1:0 to 2 in. broad; midrib stout, raised
beneath when dry, furnished with a cluster of rounded glands at the
base above the petiole; main nerves 5 pairs, prominent and raised when
dry, with a slender obscure pair in addition from the very base, the
second pair from about °25 in. above the base, all obliquely curved
upwards to join in a looped intramarginal nerve ; reticulations not
visible even when dry; petiole stout, ‘5 to -75 in. long, much curved
and swollen at the base. Cymes racemose, on short (‘15 in.) very stout
peduncles; the rachises of the racemes about ‘3 in. long, thick, strobilate,
with cushion-like bracts; pedicels slender, angular, ‘5 in. long, puberu-
lous; buds rather large, ovoid-orbicular. Calyx very small; lobes
minute, ovate-acute, ciliate. Corolla ovoid-urceolate, thick, fleshy,
pubescent without, glabrous within, ‘3 to -4 in. long, divided at most to
one-third of its length in triangular lobes slightly overlapping to the
right and erect. Corona-processes nearly erect, attached to the
staminal-column, thick, fimbriate at the tips in 2 rows of subulate
teeth. Stanwnal-colunm short; anther-cells rounded; appendages very
small, membranous, bifid; pollen-masses rounded, with a thin straight
margin on the inner side, nearly horizontal, sessile on a triangular
pollen-carrier. Carpels distinct, elongate ; style-apex 5-gonal, tip
concave. frwt not known.

Peraxk: at G. Tub, Scortechim 1220.

Only one rather poor specimen of this is available. The plant seems to be an
Oianthus; but that genus—as suggested by Hooker in the Fl. Br. Ind.,and by Bentham
in his remarks to Ic. Pl. t. 1191, under O. wrceolatus, Benth., to which this species is
very close—seems scarcely separable from Heterostemma. In many ways our species
strongly resembles H. alatwm, Wight.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 559

27. Hoya, Br.

Twining pendulous (rarely erect) or rambling and rooting, often
epiphytic, shrubs. Leaves opposite, usually thick and fleshy or cori-
aceous. lowers in axillary, lateral or terminal, umbelliform, racemose
cymes, usually on a thickened tuberculate rachis, sessile or pedunculate.
Calyx small, 5-partite,-with 5 glandular scales. Corolla rotate or rotate-
campanulate, fleshy or waxy; lobes 5, often convex or spreading or
reflexed, valvate in bud. Corona-processes 5, large, fleshy-membranous
or horny, adnate to the staminal-column; the lower lobe stellately
spreading or ascending, turgid or compressed, often concave on the
upper surface; the upper lobe usually produced into a tooth or process
which is erect and incumbent on the anther. Stamnal-colwmn usually
short, arising from the base of the corolla; anthers conniving over the
_style-apex, membranous; appendages membranous, erect or inflexed ;
pollen-masses 1 in each anther-cell, erect, waxy, usually flattened, often
thickened on the outer margin, attached by caudicles of various shapes,
usually short, sometimes enlarged thickened or cup-shaped, sometimes
long, to the horny hard pollen-carriers. Ovary of 2 distinct carpels;
style-apex 5-angled, tip flattened or conical-apiculate. rt of 1 or 2
follicular mericarps, usually slender with a thin pericarp, rarely turgid
with a thick one. Seeds small, oblong or ovate, comose; cotyledons
flattened, thick; radicle cylindric.—Distris. About 70 species, found
in Tropical Asia and Australia.

Corolla refiexed, lobes longer than broad :—
Staminal-column stipitate ; corona-processes with long nar-
row lobes, the upper erect, the lower horizontal with usually
upeurved tip (Sect. I. Cyrtoceras) ce .. 1. H. multiflora.
Staminal-column sessile; corona-processes inflated : —
Corona-processes with lower lobe ovoid, laterally com-
pressed; upper lobe, smaller, rounded, erect; corolla-tube
densely villous (Sect. II. PrerostEuMa) - .. 2. H. lasiantha.
Corona-processes with lower lobe globose, fallove: upper
shorter-curved ; corolla-tube with a broad annular ring
(corolline corona ?) (Sect. III. KnotopHora) .. . 3. H. Curtisit.
Corolla spreading, lobes spreading or incurved, rarely rellexed:
broader than long; staminal-column sessile or subsessile ;
corona-processes with lower lobes spreading, upper acute
(Sect. IV. Huwoya) :—
Corona with lower lobes of processes obtuse :—
Lower lobes suberect, laterally compressed; leaf-nerves
horizontal :—
Lower lobes rounded, inflated; upper lobes acuminate ;
3tems thick; leaves thick, fleshy, over 4 in. long :-—
Flowers yellow ; corolla under 1‘5in.indiam. .. 4. H. obtustfolia.

560 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula:

Flowers dark purple ; corolla much over 1*5in.indiam. 5. H. imperialis.
Lower lobes beaked; upper lobes short, acute; stems
slender ; leaves thin, under 4 in. long ae 6. H. elliptica.
Lower lobes horizontal or nearly so, flattened above ; leat-
nerves usually at an acute angle with the midrib :—
Flowers large, reaching 1°5 in. in diam.; leaves velvety
pubescent beneath; caudicles of pollen-masses long,
slender, twisted o€ ac .. 7. H. coronaria.
Flowers small, rarely *5 in. in “Thom, leaves glabrous
beneath ; caudicles short, usually shies —
Lower lobe of corona very thick and blunt vertically,
upper short; leaves ovate-lanceolate, cordate, faintly
nerved . : .. 8. H. Scortechinit.
Lower Te of corona thin vertiealles eHorte —
Leaves obscurely nerved, about 3 to 4 pairs, very
thick ; lower corona-lobes obtuse; upper long, acu-
minate ; appendages very long acuminate 9. H. caudata.
Leaves prominently 3- to 5-nerved, very Heke
peduncles many from the axils; lower corona-lobes
concave, obtuse .. . 10. H. latifolia.
Leaves not 3-nerved from he bases peduncles Fee
1 only at the axils :—
Leaves small; main nerves at right angles to the
midrib, indistinct Sc . 11. H. lacunosa.
Leaves moderate-sized, under 4 in. sare alliption or
obovate; main nerves indistinct, at about 60° with
the midrib ; climber o0 .. 12. H. diversifolia.
Leaves large, over 7 in. long, amianodslniee main
nerves prominent, as are reticulations ; trailer,
epiphytic a .. 13. H. Maingayi.
Corona with lower lobes of processes sioalts or neaile SO :—
Leaves with nerves easily visible when dry :—
Leaves with 5 basal nerves, the lowest pair faint .. 14. H. parasitica.’
Leaves pinnately nerved :—
Flowers moderately large, ‘5 in. in diam. in bud ; leaves
with not very eae reticulations ; follicles with
very thick pericarp . : o' .. 15. H. coriacea.
Flowers small, -25 in. in diam. in bud :—
Leaves large, usually over 5 in. in length and 1°5 in.
in breadth ; main nerves very prominent :—-
Main nerves at 40° with the midrib; reticulations
prominent, chiefly on upper surface, but not sharp 16. H. Forbesii.
Main nerves at 60° with the midrib; reticulations
very prominent and sharp on both sides ; follicles
with thin pericarp . 17. H. Finlaysonii.
Leaves moderate-sized, aeHaiy under 5 in. in engi
and 1:75 in. in breadth; main nerves nearly at right
angles to midrib, rather faint on both surfaces.. 18. H. Ridleyi.
Leaves with nerves not or very faintly visible when dry :— .

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 561

Flowers minute; corolla rarely over -15in. in diameter ;
pedicels filiform: -

Leaves lanceolate, margins only slightly recurved .. 19. H. parviflora.
Leayes ovate or ovate-lanceolate, margins very strongly
recurved % . 20. H. revoluta.

Flowers moderate-sized ; repel, A in. Bron pedicals
thick, broadly flattened when dry; leaf-margins slightly
recurved .. . 21. H. plicata.
Corolla rotate-campanulate ; eeee very anrt, prander than fener
corona-processes with lower lobes spreading, upper erect
(Sect. V. CystipranrHus) :—
Flowers rather large; corolla over 1 in. broad; leaves rather
large, with conspicuous nerves; shrubby, apparently not root-
ing along the stems ee . 22. H. campanulata.
Flowers small; corolla °3 in. broad ; leaves alll oth nerves
not or scarcely visible; slender, rooting all along the stems . 23. H. Wrayi.

1. Hoya muutiriorA, Blume Cat. Hort. Buit. 49 (1823), and Bijdr.
1064. An epiphytic undershrub, rooting from the branches on the bark
of trees; branches stout, smooth, pale, glabrous. Leaves coriaceous,
membranous when dry; oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate at apex,
acute at base; both surfaces glabrous, more or less shining; margins
reflexed ; 3 to 8 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad; midrib stout, raised beneath
when dry; main nerves 7 to 10 pairs, the lowest pair faint, close to the
margin, the rest curving upwards to and along the margin where they join
in loops; secondary nerves few or none; reticulations transverse, irregular,
netted, more obvious on the upper surface; petiole stout, ‘5 to 75 in. long.
Umbels racemose, many-flowered (40 to 50), on a stout tubercular
bracteate nearly globose rachis at the end of an interpetiolar peduncle ;
peduncle stout, 1 to 2 in. long; pedicels slender, 1°5 to 2 in. long; flowers
white tipped with yellow or yellow tipped with brown, with waxy-white
corona. Calyx membranous, cleft about two-thirds down; lobes oblong,
‘075 in. long; scales rounded, flattened. Corolla rotate, completely
reflexed when open; tube minutely bearded at base, ‘2 in. long ; lobes
triangular, ‘25 in. long, with small folds in the sinuses. Corona of 5 horny
glabrous processes, with erect upper lobes, conical, longer than the
anthers and a horizontal or upcurved horn-like lower lobe at the base,
each about ‘15 to -2 in. long. Stanunal-column °3 in. long, stipitate ;
anthers erect or slightly inflexed; appendages very small, inflexed ;
pollen-masses oblong, ‘05 in. long, with a narrow thin outer margin,
attached by short cup-like caudicles to the narrow usually clavate
pollen-carriers. Style-apex conical-apiculate at tip. follicle 1, slender,
pendulous, 7 to 8 in. long, °3 in. broad; pericarp thin, smooth. Seeds
small, oblong, :25 in. long, narrowly winged above on both sides, broadly
truncate, with a 2 in. long white silky coma; testa very thin, brown ;

562 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

cotyledons oblong, 0:75 in. long; radicle cylindric, ‘05 in. long. Hook.
f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 52. H. cortacea, Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1839, t. 18, not of
Blume. Cyrtoceras multiflorwm, Benn. in Herb. Horsf.; Mig. Fl. Ind.
Bat. 1.514. Cyrtoceras reflexwm, Benn. in Horsf. Pl. Jay. Rar. 90, t. 21;
Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. 2, IIT. 321. C. floribundwm, Maund
Botanist, IV. t. 178. Centrostemma multiflorwm, Dene. in Ann. Sc. Nat.
Ser. 2, TX. 272, and in DC. Prodr. VIII. 634; Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd.-
Bat. I. 45; Hassk. Flor. Bot. Zeit. IX. (1845) 250; Bot. Mag. t. 5173.
C. Lindleyanum, Dene. in DC. l. c.

PenanG: (drawing in Herb. Kew); at Gunong Pulai, 1800 it.,
G. King. Pxrrak: at Tea Gardens, Curtvs; at Gunong Kelidang, Ridley
9739; at Birjay Malacca, and Gunong Haram Paroh, Scortechim 635,
1905; on tree branches in forest, 1000 to 3000 ft., King’s Collector
(Kunstler) 2423, 7297. Mauacca: on Mount Ophir, Maimgay (K.D.)
1123.—Distris. Burma (Boronga Island, Arracan, Kwrz), Java, Borneo,
Philippine Islands.

2. Hoya LAstanTHA, Korthals in Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 526 (1856).
A climbing and perhaps epiphytic undershrub; branchlets rather stout,
smooth, yellowish when dry. Leaves thinly fleshy when fresh, charta-
ceous when dry; elliptic or lanceolate, cuspidate-acuminate at apex,
acute or rounded at base; both surfaces glabrous, upper shining; mar-
gins slightly recurved; 4 to 6 in. long, 1 to 2:5 in. broad; midrib slender,
impressed above, raised beneath, with a small pit or gland just above
the petiole; main nerves prominent, impressed above, 8 to 10 pairs, at
an angle of 50° to 60° with the midrib, curving upwards to and along
the margin, the upper ones forming a looped. intramarginal nerve ;
reticulations netted, most prominent on the upper surface ; petiole stout,
‘5 to ‘75 in. long. Umbels 8- to 12-flowered, on short tubercular
rachises at the ends of stout axillary or lateral peduncles 1 to 3 in. long;
pedicels slender, 1:5 to 2 in. long, glabrous; flowers orange-yellow with
white soft hairs, the corona ochreous-yellow, shining. Calyxmembranous,
hyaline with dark nerves; lobes ovate to nearly orbicular; scales
subulate. Corolla about ‘8 in. broad when spread open; tube very
short ; lobes lanceolate-acuminate, densely white-villous at their base,
recurved in flower. Corona of 5 shining processes, horny when dry,
adnate to the lower part of the anthers; the lower lobe ovoid, somewhat
laterally flattened, inflated, cleft beneath into two wings; the upper also
erect, tongue-like, rounded. Stanunal-column moderately long; anthers
closely appressed to the upper lobe of the corona, cells slightly diver-
gent; appendages scarious, broad, obtuse; pollen-masses rather long,
waxy, flattened, oblong, attached by short, rather thick, cup-like caudicles
to the conical pollen-carriers. Style-apex 5-angled, tip conical, acumi-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 563

nate. Follicle 1, slender, 7 in. long, about -25 in. broad, nearly hori-
zontal ; pericarp thin, striate. Seeds -2 in. long, elliptic with a short
neck, truncate at tip, bearing a white silky coma 1-5 in. long;
cotyledons fleshy, elliptic, -1 in. long; radicle cylindric, ‘05 in. long.
N. E. Brown in Gard. Chron. XVIII. 333 (1882), fig. 57. Plocostemma
lastanthnm, Blume in Rumph. IV. 30, and Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I. 60,
t. XIV.; Bot. Mag. t. 5081.

Perak: Scortechint 605. SenAncor: at Semeniyeh, Goodenough
for Ridley 8194.—Disrris. Java, Borneo (Korthals).

The cultivated specimen imported from Borneo, represented in Bot. Mag. t. 5081, and
that collected by Curtis at Wyncoop’s Bay, Java, and figured by N. E. Brown in the
‘Gardeners’ Chronicle, appear to differ somewhat from the Malay Peninsula speci-
mens in haying larger leaves cordate at the base and rather larger fiowers. But we
fail to find any difference in the structure of the flowers. Another Java specimen
(Curtis No. 61) which was sent to Messrs. Veitch & Co., agrees well with the Peninsular
plants.

3. Hoya Curtis, King & Gamble, n.sp. A twining small epiphytic
undershrub, rooting at almost all the nodes on the bark of trees or on
rocks; branchlets slender, pubescent. Leaves sessile, very thick;
orbicular, abruptly triangular-acuminate at apex, rounded or sometimes
very slightly attenuate at base; both surfaces scabrous-puncticulate
when dry; margin thickened ; ‘4 to ‘7 in. long, -4 to -6 in. broad; midrib
when dry faint, other nerves invisible; petiole none. Umbels sessile,
terminal or axillary, 10- to 16-flowered, on a ‘20 in. long tubercular
rachis ; pedicels slender, pubescent, -75 to 1 in. long; flowers rather
large. Calyx with very short tube or almost none ; lobes oblong, ciliate,
villous without, membranous, °1 in. long, much recurved; scales minute.
Corolla also much recurved ; tube very short, with an annular spreading
ring (or corolline corona ?) a little above the base; lobes spathulate,
acute at the tip, minutely scurfy-puberulous, -25 in. long. Corona:
corolline (see above), annular; staminal, of 5 cucullate processes nearly
globose when closed, but formed of 3 lobes, the two side ones rounded,
the upper ovate, the three enclosing a cavity, and the whole corona
much overtopping the staminal-column. Staminal-column short and
shortly stipitate, attached at the base of the corolla-tube; anther-cells
much divergent; appendages ovate, membranous, dentate; pollen-
masses oblong-obtuse, about ‘03 in. long, attached by oblong fleshy
thick caudicles to the conical pollen-carriers. Style-apex shortly
5-angled, somewhat depressed; tip bifid, very short. Fruit not known.

PeRAK: at Waterloo, 2000 it., Curtis 2894.

4. Hoya oprusirouia, Wight Contrib. 38 (1834). A climbing
(epiphytic ?) shrub, with stout fleshy branches reaching ‘5 in. in diameter

12

564 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

and smooth puberulous bark. Leaves very thick, fleshy; oblong,
rounded or emarginate and usually apiculate at apex, rounded or cordate
at base; both surfaces shining, glabrous except on the midrib; margins
recurved; 4 to 6 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad; midrib very thick, chan-
nelled and pubescent above, raised and glabrous or puberulous beneath ;
nerves visible only when dry and then main nerves seen to be nearly
horizontal, about 10 to 12 pairs, soon branching; petiole very thick,
‘5 to 1 in. long, puberulous. Umbels many-flowered, racemose, on thick
tubercular rachises ‘5 to -75 in. long and up to about -4 in. in diam., at
the ends of thick 1 to 3 in. long puberulous peduncles which are ap-
parently lateral; pedicels rather thick, 1 to 1:5 in. long, puberulous,
slightly enlarged below the calyx and dotted; buds 4d-angled,
acute at tip, ‘4 in. long; flowers dull yellow. Calyx fleshy; lobes
linear-oblong, obtuse, recurved, -15 in. long, dotted and pubescent with-
out. Corolla nearly 1 in. in diam. when open, pubescent without,
glabrous within ; lobes ovate-cordate-acuminate, generally erect, -4 in.
long. Corona of 5 processes; the lower lobe suberect, obtuse, inflated,
concave above and channelled beneath; the upper erect, longer than
the anthers, acuminate. Staminal-colwmn short; anther-cells parallel
with small divergent wings below; appendages membranous, erect,
acute; pollen-masses oblong, rounded, thin on the outer margin,
attached by rather long curved caudicles to the rather large conical
pollen-carriers. Style-apex obscurely 5-angled, obconical, long-apiculate.
Frwut not known. Wall. Cat. 8167; Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 638;
Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 58. A. Teysmanniana, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I.
522.

Penane: ? Wallich 8167. Prrax: Scortechim. Panana: Ridley
2732. SINGAPORE: at Serangoon, on mangrove trees, Ridley 8932.—
Distris. ‘Tenasserim or Andaman Islands (Helfer 3790), Sumatra
(LTeysmann 1170), Java.

The colour of the flowers seems to be a little in doubt. Teysmann gives it as
‘‘ white,” the Fl. Br. Ind. says ‘“ dull yellow,” Ridley says ‘‘ white with a red centre.”
It would seem therefore probable that the corolla is white turning yellow and the
corona red.

5. Hoya IMPERIALIS, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. (1846) under t. 68, 2m note, and
im Journ. Hort. Soc. V. 80 with woodcut (1850). A stout climbing shrub,
rooting on trees and probably epiphytic ; branches rounded, dark green,
puberulous, puncticulate and with papery bark when dry, reaching °5 in.
in diam. Leaves fleshy or coriaceous, membranous when dry; elliptic
or elliptic-oblong, obtuse or shortly acuminate or apiculate at apex,
rounded at base or slightly cordate; both surfaces shining when dry,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 565

glabrous above, puberulous or glabrate beneath; margins slightly
recurved; 6 to 9 in. long, 1:5 to 2°5 in. broad; midrib stout and broad,
pubescent on both sides; main nerves many, more than 12, but difficult
to enumerate, nearly horizontal, at first straight, then branching and
anastomosing; petiole -25 to ‘5 in. long, stout, pubescent. Umbels
many-flowered (about 10), on short, often strongly tubercular and
cushioned; rachises at the ends of stout pubescent axillary peduncles
3 to 10 in. long; pedicels stout, pubescent, 2 to 3 in. long; buds large,
rounded above, produced below in 5 short recurved angles; flowers with
corolla dark purplish-brown above, cinnamomeous beneath, the corona
white or pale yellow. Calyx membranous, puberulous without, scurfy
within; lobes ovate-ciliate, -2 in. long; scales minute, triangular.
Corolla leathery, 2 to 3 in. in diam.; the puberulous tube a little
shorter than the ovate-triangular acute lobes, which are at first much
incurved, afterwards spreading. Corona of 5 laterally compressed pro-
cesses; the lower lobes erect, obtuse, deeply 2-cleft and pubescent in the
clefts; the upper lobes also erect-subulate-acuminate. Stamenal-colunn
short, broad; anther-cells broad; appendages membranous, broadly
winged, acuminate; pollen-masses flattened, oblong, truncate at both
ends, ‘075 in. long, attached by short slender caudicles to the thick,
trigonous, horny, brown pollen-carriers. Style-apex pentagonal, the
angles rounded below, ridged above, the ridges joining in an acuminate
cone. follicle 1, lanceolate-acuminate, 8 to 9 in. long, 1 in. broad ;
pericarp leathery, opening flat, at first puberulous, afterwards glabrous,
striate when dry. Seeds obovate, flask-shaped, ‘2 in. long, trigonous
above, truncate at tip and bearing a silky white coma 2 in. long; testa
corky, pale brown; albumen copious; cotyledons thick, ovate, cordate
at base, ‘1 in. long; radicle ‘075 in. long, thick. Hook. Bot. Mag.
t. 3397, copied in FI. des Serres IV. tt. 393, 394; Ann. de Gand (1848)
t. 228; Jour. Hort. Ser. 3, XXV. 485; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 527; Hook. f.
Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 59. 4H. splendens, Maingay MS. Asclepras Sassuela,
Roxb. Fl. Ind. II. 31 (excl. syn.) ?

Manacca : Maingay (K.D.) 1135.—Drisrrre. Borneo (Beccari 4001,
Motley 1041).

6. Hoya Enuiptica, Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 58 (1883). A
slender twining undershrub; branchlets pale, terete, glabrous. Leaves
fleshy (?) when fresh, chartaceous when dry; elliptic, obtuse both at
apex and base; glabrous on both surfaces and pale, especially beneath ;
margin hardened, nerve-like, slightly recurved; 1:5 to 2°5 in. long, 1 to
1:5 in. broad; nerves prominent when dry; midrib slender; main nerves
nearly at right angles to the midrib, irregular, 8 to 10 pairs, straight to
joim a prominent intramarginal looped nerve at :1 to ‘16 in. from the

566 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

edge, the said intramarginal nerve connected by many cross-nerves with
the hardened marginal nerve; reticulations netted; petiole -15 to -25 in.
long, flattened. Umbels racemose, about 8- to 10-flowered, on a short
tubercular rachis at the end of a thickened pink peduncle reaching 1 in.
in length ; pedicels slender, 1 to 1:5 in. long, puberulous; buds -25 in.
long, 5-angled, the incurved valvate corolla-lobes forming a central con-
cavity; flowers “white” (Maingay), nearly black when dry. Calyx
puberulous, pale pink; tube very short; lobes ovate-oblong, obtuse,
‘05 in. long; scales minute. Corolla ‘5 in. broad when open, glabrous
without, sparingly pilose within; lobes obcordate, apiculate, inflexed
(when dry). Corona of 5 processes; the lower and large lobes suberect,
laterally compressed, bladder-like (the interior of the cavity delicately
hairy), ovate, slightly apiculate; the upper short, flattened, slightly
recurved, appressed to and covering the anther. Stamnal-column
attached to the base of the corolla-tube; anthers short, much inflexed
so as to lie nearly horizontal; cells parallel above, divergent and empty
below; appendages scarious, acute; pollen-masses oblong-falcate,
pellucid on the outer margin, nearly horizontal, attached by thickened
caudicles to the rather large elongate pollen-carriers which are obtuse
above and 2-winged below. Style-apex 5-angled, flattened, with a short
central umbo haying 5 divergent rays to the angles. Fruit not known.

Perak: Scortechim. Matacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1187.

7. Hoya coronaria, Blume Bijd. 1063 (1825), and Rumph. IV. 31,
t. 182, fig. 2 and t. 184 (fruit). A stout twining shrub, the upper
branches giving out roots on to the bark of trees and probably therefore
more or less epiphytic; branches thick, velvety pubescent, the innova-
tions especially so. Leaves thickly coriaceous; elliptic elliptic-ovate
or ovate-oblong, shortly acuminate at apex, rounded at base; upper
surface when dry shining, wrinkled, puberulous especially on the mid-
rib; lower surface pale brown, velvety-pubescent; margins strongly
recurved; 3 to 4 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad; midrib stout, impressed
above, raised beneath; main nerves very obscure, about 5 to 7 pairs,
nearly horizontal > reticulations not visible; petiole thick, velvety, :25.
to ‘75 in. long. Umbels racemose, rather few-flowered, on thick rachises
with large rounded tubercles ‘5 to 1:5 in. long, at the ends of thick
lateral velvety peduncles ‘5 to -75 in. long; pedicels velvety, curved,
thick, ‘6 to 1 in. long; buds depressed at top, the lobes decurved in a
hook; flowers large, fleshy, about 1:5 in. in diam., greenish-white
changing to ivory-white, then apparently to pink which darkens and
becomes speckled with purple (Ridley); the corona white. Calyx thick,
velvety without; lobes orbicular, :15 to -25 in. long; scales subulate.
Corolla very thick, glabrous within, villous without ; lobes triangular-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 567

acuminate, cordate at base, ‘4 in. long. Corona of 5 spreading processes,
horny when dry ; the lower lobe nearly hemispherical, concave above,
convex beneath, about :25 in. long; the upper acuminate, curved far over
the anthers. Staminal-colwmn short, thick, inserted at the base of the
corolla-tube ; anthers incurved, their cells parallel above, divaricate and
empty below; appendages prominent, scarious, ovate-acute; pollen-
masses broadly clavate, attached by means of long slender twisted caudi-
cles to the rather large pollen-carriers which are rounded above and
bifid below. Style-apex circular, saucer-shaped, with a small central
umbo and 5 slender rays. Follicle 1, 6 to 10 in. long, 1:5 to ‘2 in. in
diam., gibbous at base, subeylindric above, ending in an obtuse point;
pericarp very thick, puberulous, striate; the endocarp woody and
smooth ; the follicle at length opening nearly flat. Seeds obovate, -4 in.
long, truncate at tip and bearing a copious white silky coma 2 to 2° in.
long ; cotyledons elliptic, 2 in. long, fleshy ; radicle cylindric, 1 in. long.
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 517; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 58; Ridley in
Trans. Linn. Soc. 2nd Ser. III. 321. A. grandiflora, Bl. MSS.; Dene.
in DC. Prodr. VIII. 635. H. velutina, Wight Contrib. 35; Wall. Cat.
8150; Dene. l.c.

Penance: ? Wallich 8150 (marked “ Sillet,’’ but probably in error) ;
Curtis 236. Dtnpines: Curtis ; Scortechini 1053. Perak: at Goping,
Scortechint 2009; at Matang, on sea coast, Wray 2710; at Larut,
Kunstler 3865 (leaves only); King’s Collector 4116, 6954. Manacca:
Griffith 3788; Maingay (K.D.)1125. Panane: at Kwala Pahang, Ridley.
SINGAPORE: at Serangoon, Audley 27314.—Distris. Java, Sumatra
(Teysmann 1171), Borneo (Motley 871, Burbidge), Celebes, New Guinea
(H. O. Forbes 516, flowers 2 in. in diam.).

We have not quoted Hook. Bot. Mag. 4969, which in some respects seems to repre-
sent more nearly H. obtusifolia rather than this. As in other species, the colour
of the flower is either very variable or in doubt. Low’s drawing in Herb. Kew shows
pink flowers, while Scortechini says they are white, Kunstler and Wray that they are
‘« very pale yellow,” and Maingay that they are ‘‘ white er yellowish with purple spots.”

8. Hoya Scortecuinu, King & Gamble, n. sp. An epiphytic under-
shrub, rooting at intervals on the bark of trees; branchlets slender,
terete, pale brown. Leaves thick, fleshy, drying coriaceous; ovate or
ovate-lanceolate, acuminate at apex, rounded or cordate at base; both
surfaces glabrous, lower minutely glandular; margins recurved; 2 to
3°5 in. long, ‘75 to 1:25 in. broad; nerves only visible when dry ; midrib
thick ; main nerves 5 to 6 pairs at an angle of 50° to 60° with the mid-
rib, branching early and anastomosing near the margin; reticulations
transverse ; petiole stout, ‘2 in. long. Umbels apparently few-flowered,

568 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

on stout (25 in.) rachises with small tubercles at the ends of rather long
(1:5 to 4 in.) slender peduncles ; pedicels slender, ‘5 to °75 in. long ; buds
hemispheric, 5-angled, flattened above, ‘25 in. in diam. Calyx small ;
lobes ovate, ciliate, membranous, glandular, recurved, ‘03 in. long.
Corolla *5 to *6 in. in diam. when open, glabrous without, puberulous
within; lobes ovate-acuminate, -2 in. long. Corona of 5 processes more
or less upturned; lower lobes ovate, thick, very obtuse at tip, with a
raised ovate ring above and deeply cleft valves below; upper lobe
shorter than the anthers, erect, acute. Stamenal-colwmn short ; anther-
cells slightly divergent; appendages scarious, acuminate; pollen-masses —
thick, oblong, straight on inner side, attached by short caudicles embracing
their base to the rather large conical pollen-carrier. Style-apex 5-lobed,
acute at tip. ollacles (immature) 1 or 2, very slender, narrow; peri-
carp very thin, smooth. Seeds small, oblong, truncate at tip with a
‘75 in. long coma.
PenanG: John Scott. Prax: Scortechini 464, 1507.

John Scott’s specimen has rather thinner leaves, but this is probably only due to
youth. His specimen bears no flowers, only young fruit, so we think it best not to
couple his name with the species.

9. Hoya caupata, Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 60 (1883). A twining
epiphytic shrub, rooting on trees; branches ‘1 to -2 in. thick, with corky
rugose bark. Leaves thick, fleshy, coriaceous when dry; ovate, acu-
minate at apex, rounded or cordate at base; both surfaces glabrous,
sparsely papillose; margins corrugate and recurved; 3 to 7 in. long,
2 to 3 in. broad; midrib slender; main nerves 3 to 4 pairs, distant,
arching, very faint; reticulations not visible; petiole up to -20 in. long,
very thick, so thick as to appear globose. Umbels many-flowered on a
‘5 to 1 in. long tuberculate rachis at the end of a thickened 1 in. long
peduncle; pedicels ‘5 in. long, filiform; flowers white suffused with
pink. Calyx very membranous; lobes linear-lanceolate, glabrous, ‘05 to
‘075 in. long. Corolla ‘5 to -75 in. in diam.; lobes ovate, long caudate-
acuminate, silvery-pilose within. Corona fleshy ; lower lobes horizontal,
elliptic-ovate, the broadest end outwards, concave above; the upper
lobe produced in a long erect subulate spur shorter than the anther-
tips. Staminal-colwmn short ; anther-wings straight ; appendages mem-
branous, long caudate-acuminate; pollen-masses flattened, oblong, trun-
cate, attached by cup-shaped broad caudicles to the rather narrowly
ovate brown pollen-carrier. Style-apex 5-angled, with a short conical
tip.

Manacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1128.

10. Hoya tatiron1a, G. Don Gen. Hist. Dichl. Pl. IV. 127 (1838).

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 569

A climbing (probably epiphytic) shrub; branches very stout, smooth,
lenticellate, giving out slender rootlets occasionally. Leaves very thick,
fleshy ; ovate or oblong-ovate, acute at apex, rounded or cordate at base
often slightly peltate; glabrous on both surfaces, dull when dry; mar-
gins strongly recurved, shining; 5 to 10 in. long, 3 to 7 in. broad;
midrib with a gland at the base; nerves 3 to 5 from the base, connected
at intervals by few irregular cross-nerves; reticulations not otherwise
visible ; petiole very stout, -25 to ‘5 in. long, articulated to a thick
shining cup-like base at the node. Umbels racemose, on thick, pitted,
up to 1 in. long, tubercular rachises at the end of stout 1 to 2 in. long
peduneles, which are solitary or fascicled in the leaf-axils or at the nodes
of very long (sometimes 5 ft.!) flowering branches; pedicels very
slender, puberulous, ‘25 in. long; buds flattened, 5-angular ; flowers
very small, grey, 35 in. broad when open, ‘15 with the lobes closed.
Calyx minute, membranous; lobes ovate, acute, °3 in. long. Corolla
small, rotate, pubescent within; lobes ovate, at first incurved over the
staminal-column, afterwards spreading. Corona of 5 membranous pro-
cesses, each consisting of an ovate lower horizontal or slightly upcurved
lobe concave above and deeply grooved below, the tip apiculate re-
curved, and an upper shorter erect lobe with acute tip and a channel
behind. Staminal-columm very short; anther-cells divergent ; appen-
dages membranous, acute ; pollen-masses oblong-falcate, pellucid on the
outer margin, attached by short thick caudicles to the rather large
3-lobed pollen-carriers. Style-apex sharply 5-angled, conical-apiculate.
Follicle 1, very slender, 4 to 4°5 in. long, -2 in. broad; pericarp thin,
puberulous. Seeds oblong, acute at base, truncate at tip, -25 in. long,
bearing a white silky coma 1 to 1:25 in. long; cotyledons thick, ovate-
oblong, -1 in. long; radicle as long and broad as cotyledons, flattened.
Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 638; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 521; Hook. f.
Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 57. H. macrophylla, Wight Contrib. 38, not of Blume.
H. polystachya, Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd-Bat. I. 45, t. 9; Mig. lc.
522.

Penane: Wallich 81654. Panana: Kota Glarggi woods, fzdley in
Trans. Linn. Soe. Ser. 2, III. 321. Sinaarorze: Maingay (K.D.) 1124;
Lobb; Hullett 621; at Cluney Road, Goodenough 2734—DisTRIB. Java,
Sumatra.

11. Hoya tacunosa, Blume Bijdr. 1063 (1825). A creeping epi-
phytic undershrub, rooting at thenodes; branchlets very slender, glabrous.
Leaves very thick, fleshy; ovate, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, acute or
acuminate at apex, rounded or attenuate at base; both surfaces glabrous,
shining ; margins thickened ; 75 to 1:75 in. long, ‘5 to -75 in. broad ;
midrib when dry faint, usually glandular at the base; main nerves 2 to

570 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

4 pairs, also faint but visible, at right angles to the midrib, straight to
join an intramarginal nerve covered by the marginal thickening ; petiole
thick, very short. Umbels axillary, on stout peduncles ‘75 to 1:5 in.
long, which end in a thickened rachis of cushion-like bracts often -26 in.
long ; pedicels slender, °25 to :35 in. long; buds globose; flowers white,
usually tinged with yellow, scented. Calyx rotate, membranous ; lobes
as long as tube, :025 in. long, obtuse; scales minute. Corolla ‘25 in.
in diam. when spread out, pubescent or scurfy within; lobes trian-
gular, recurved. Corona membranous, of 5 processes, forming a concave-
sided cone, the lower lobe of each process spreading or upeurved, ovate,
the upper lobe ovate-acute, exceeding the anther. Staminal-column
short; anthers minute with very thin membranous acute appendages ;
pollen-masses oblong-falcate, reticulate, compressed, attached by erect
thickened cup-shaped caudicles to the small pollen-carriers. Style-apex
rather deeply lobed; tip conical. Follicles smooth. Dene. in DC. Prodr.
VIII. 638; Hassk. Cat. Bogor. 126, and Flora Bot. Zeit. (1845) 280 ;
Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 525; Hook. Bot. Mag. 4826, 5272; Hook. f. FI.
Br. Ind. IV. 55. Otostemma lacunosum, Blame Rumph. IV. 30, t. 184,
fig. 2 and Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I. 59, t. 11.

Penane: Michado for Curtis. Perak: Scortechin 1558; Kung’s
Collector 3476. Manacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1133 (part). SELANGOR: at
Rawang, fidley 7569.—Disrris. Sumatra, Java, Borneo.

12. Hoya piversiFouIA, Blume Bijdr. 1064 (1826). <A climbing
glabrous shrub; branches flexuous, smooth, brown; branchlets paler ;
the bark very thin. Leaves fleshy, very thick; broadly elliptic or
obovate, obtuse or apiculate at apex, rounded at base; both surfaces
glabrous, dull; margins recurved; 2 to 4 in. long, 1:5 to 25 in. broad ;
nerves only visible when dry, midrib broad; main nerves about 4 to
6 pairs, rather irregular, at about 60° with the midrib, soon branching ;
reticulations very indistinct; petiole -25 to -5 in. long, thick. Umbels
many-flowered, on stout thick -25 to ‘75 in. long tubercular rachises at
the ends of very thick ‘5 to 2:5 in. long peduncles, which are lateral one
to each pair of leaves; pedicels slender, ‘5 in. long; buds flattened with
5 rounded angles; flowers :25 to :35 in. broad, white or rose-coloured
with pink corona (yellowish-white (Maingay)). Calya membranous ;
lobes elliptic-obtuse, usually ciliate at the tips, ‘075 in. long; scales
apparently none. Corolla glabrous without, puberulous within ; lobes
cordate-acuminate. Corona of 5 processes attached to the bases both
of the staminal-column and of the corolla-tube ; lower lobe of each pro-
cess orbicular or ovate, concave above and with a small central boss,
2-winged below, the wings connivent; upper lobe erect, triangular-acute,
shorter than the anther-appendages. Stanunal-column very short ;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 571

anther-cells parallel above, divergent and empty below; appendages
scarious, acute or acuminate; pollen-masses oblong, truncate at top,
thin on the outer margin, attached by very short thick caudicles to the
rather long obconical pollen-carriers. Style-apex 5-angled, depressed,
with a short conical apiculus. follicles sublinear, falcate, 6 in. long,
‘75 in. broad; pericarp thick, apparently -25 in. or more. Seeds oblong,
25 in. long. Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 636; Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. IT. 518 ;
Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 61. 4H. orbiculata, Wall. in Wight Contrib.
36; Wall. Cat. 8151; Dene. J. c. 635; Mig. l.c. 519. “ Sussuela
esculenta,’ Rumph. Herb. Amb. V. 467, t. 175, f. z.

PENANG: at Pulau Boetong, Curtis 928. Perak: Wray 2718; Scor-
techint 118. Matacca: Griffith 3787 ; Maingay (K.D.) 1130. Panane:
at Pekan; Ridley 1619. Sineapore: Ridley 1626, 2733—Disrrip.
Burma (at Prome, Wallach 8151), Java, Amboyna.

13. Hoya Maineayt, Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 62 (1883). A trail-
ing epiphytic shrub, sending out rootlets along its stem; nodes much
swollen; branches stout; branchlets terete, pale brown. Leaves very
thick, fleshy, coriaceous when dry; elliptic-lanceolate or oblanceolate,
shortly acuminate at apex, long acuminately narrowed at base; both
surfaces glabrous, dull when dry; margins recurved; 7 to 9 in. long,
2°5 to 3°5 in. broad; midrib slender but prominent when dry, with a
gland or enlargement at the base above the petiole; main nerves about
5 pairs, prominent when dry, especially above, at about 60° to 70° with
the midrib, nearly straight at first, then branching and forming a rough
intramarginal nerve; secondary nerves few; reticulations irregular,
distant; petiole thick, -25 to 6 in. long. Umbels many-flowered (20 to
30), on a very short tubercular rachis at the end of a thick peduncle °3
to 1 in. long; pedicels very slender, ‘5 to 1 in. long; buds obconieal,
pentagonal, concave above, -25 in. broad; flowers pale pink; corona
white. Calyx small, pale pink with red tips, red-scabrous-punctate
without, glabrous within; lobes -03 in. long, obtuse, ciliate ; no scales.
Corolla -5 to ‘75 in. broad when open; lobes triangular, villous within
with pale crispate hairs. Corona of 5 processes; outer lobe ovate, acute,
horizontal, bi-cleft, concave above with central ridge, 2-valved below ;
upper of a short acute tooth shorter than the anther-tip. Stamnal-
column short, attached at the base of the corolla-tube; anther-cells
divergent; appendages scarious, acuminate, incurved; pollen-masses
flattened, oblong-faleate, waxy, attached by short caudicles embracing
their bases to the conical pollen-carriers. Style-apex 5-angled, angles
acute, tip conical. Fruit not known in the ripe state, when immature
4 to 5 in. long, -25 in. broad, acuminate, tip recurved ; pericarp smooth.

Perak: Scortechina 584. Manacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1136.

572 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

14. Hoya parasitica, Wall. in Wight Contrib. 37 (1834), and Cat.
8159. A stout climbing epiphytic shrub, creeping over the trunks and
branches of trees and giving off roots from every part (Roxb.) ;
branches smooth, pale, fleshy. Leaves fleshy, thick, very variable ;
ovate or elliptic or lanceolate, acute or acuminate at apex, rounded or
almost cordate to cuneate at base; glabrous on both surfaces; margins
recurved ; 3 to 7 in. long, 15 to 3 in. broad; 5-nerved from the base,
the outermost pair thin, forming loops near the margins, from the
sinuses of which transverse nerves join them to the middle pair;
midrib with several transverse nerves also joining the middle pair, which
have one or two loops near the tip, all raised on both surfaces when dry,
as are the other irregular reticulations; petiole very thick, -25 to 1 in.
long. Umbels many-flowered, racemose, on short or long (reaching 4 in.),
thick (often nearly :25 in. in diam.), tubercular rachises at the ends of
stout 1 to 3 in. long axillary or lateral peduncles which are solitary or
in pairs; pedicels slender, ‘5 in. long or longer; buds turbinate,
d-angled ; flowers pearly-white with a pink centre, very fragrant.
Calyx membranous; lobes ovate, acute; scales very small. Corolla ‘3 in.
broad; lobes cordate, glabrous, inflexed, with the corona-processes pro-
jecting between them. Corona of 5 membranous 2-lobed processes,
which are horny and shining when dry, and white with pink tips; the
lower lobes ovate, spreading, grooved beneath; the upper lobes erect,
acute. Stamenal-column short; anther-cells divergent; appendages
membranous, acute; pollen-masses oblong, truncate, thin on the
outer margin, attached by short thick caudicles to the conical pollen-
carriers. Style-apex membranous, 5-angled, conical-apiculate. Fruit
not known. Wight Ic. 587; Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 637; Hook.
f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 57; Prain Beng. Plants 700. A. Hookerzana, Wight
Contrib. 37; Wall. Cat. 8153; Dene. J. c. 636. Hoya sp., Wall Cat.
8153. H. pallida, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 951; Paxt. Fl. Gard. t. 26,
copied in Lemaire Jard. Fleur. t. 64. Asclepias parasitica, Roxb. Hort.
Beng. 20, and Fl. Ind. II. 42; Wight Ic. t. 587.

Kepau: Kunstler 1829. Penance: at Waterfall, Curtes. PrRAK:
at Sungie Larut, Wray 2273; at Bake Kuran, Scortechina 1626; at
Ulu Bubong, King’s Collector 10316. Maxacca: Griffith; Maingay
(K.D.) 1126, 1132, 1138. Panane: Praman, near Pekan, Ridley in
Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. 2, III. 321. Sryearore: Ridley 1796, 8070.—
Disteip. India (Sikkim, Assam, Sundarbans, Chittagong, Andaman
Islands).

Kunstler describes the colour of the flowers as “white with a pink centre”’ or

‘‘waxy white with a purplish tinge,’’ but Wray says it is ‘‘pale greenish-yellow
with a few small spots of crimson.’’ Roxburgh, who had it in cultivation, says the

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 573

flowers are ‘‘ pearl-coloured,”’ and this is what the FJ. Br. Ind. says of the corolla,
giving the corona-processes as ‘‘ white with pink at the junctures.’’ Maingay (MS.
Notes IV. p. 41) says, ‘‘ petals white, faintly greenish towards the tips, corona white.”
These remarks, for what seems clearly to be the same plant, explain the difference
between Lindley’s and Paxton’s drawings alluded to in the Fl. Br. Ind. As remarked
in Fl. Br. Ind., H. cinnamomifolia, Hook. Bot. Mag. 4347, from Java, ‘‘ has very
similar flowers and leaves.’’ But for the corolla being green and the corona purple in
that fig., we should be inclined to place it under H. parasitica.

15. Hoya cortacea, Blume Bijdr. 1063 (1826), and Rumph. IV.
t. 187. A climbing shrub, nearly glabrous; branches shining, smooth,
angled when dry; branchlets pubescent. Leaves coriaceous (Blume) or
fleshy (Wight), chartaceous when dry; ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute
or acuminate at apex, rounded at base; glabrous and more or less
shining on both surfaces; margins slightly recurved; 3 to 6 in. long,
1 to 2°5 in. broad; midrib slender, raised on the lower surface, some-
times with one or more glands just above the petiole; main nerves
distinct, 4 to 6 pairs, at about 40° to 50° with the midrib, straight and
then branching and anastomosing with a looped intramarginal nerve;
reticulations netted, prominent; petiole slender in young leaves, thick
in old ones, 25 to -75 in. long. Umbels racemose, many-flowered (30 to
40), on stout tubercular rachises *25 to °75 in. long and °16 to -2 in. thick
at the ends of stout lateral puberulous peduncles 2 to 5 in. long;
pedicels slender, ‘75 to 1:25 in. long; buds flattened, 5-angled, ‘5 in.
broad, -15 in. high; flowers straw-coloured, yellow or reddish, the
corona white. Calyx pubescent without; tube short; lobes linear,
sparsely ciliate, -15 in. long; scales minute. Corolla ‘75 in. in diam.
when expanded ; lobes triangular-ovate, acuminate, villous within and
grey when dry (‘hairs like collapsed hollow tubes”—Wight), at first
incurved over the column, at last recurved. Corona of 5 spreading
processes, shining and horny when dry: lower lobes ovoid, acute,
inflated, 2-winged below with the wings connivent ; upper lobes erect,
acute, connivent with but shorter than the anthers. Staminal-colwmn
short; anther-cells parallel above with divergent empty ones below ;
appendages scarious, ovate-acute ; pollen-masses slender, oblong-falcate,
straight and thickened on the inner edge, attached by spathulate
caudicles with a raised margin above to the very narrow slender pollen-
carriers. Style-apex 5-angled, rather thick, depressed above with a small
umbo. Follicle 1, 4:5 to 5 in. long, ‘5 to ‘75 in. broad, lanceolate,
obtusely beaked; pericarp very thick, woody, rugose. Seeds oblan-
ceolate, thick, -25 in. long, truncate at tip and bearing a silky coma
1:25 in. long ; cotyledons elliptic, fleshy, -15 in. long; radicle cylindric,
‘075 in. long Mus.Bot.Lugd.-Bat. I. 44; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 521;
Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 638; Bot. Mag. t. 4518, copzed in FI. des

O74 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Serres t. 578; Paxt. Fl. Gard. I. 77, fig. 55; Lemaire Jard. Fleur. t 37
Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. VI. 61; Schum. in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam.
TV. 2, 290, fig. 88 4,8. H. Brunoniana, Wight Contrib. 37; Wall. Cat.
8163; Dene. l. c. 636.

Perak: Scortechine 533. Matacca: Groffith; Maingay (K.D.) 1131,
1134. Panane: at Pekan, Aedley 2171.—Disrris. Java, Borneo
(Motley 1121; Beccarz 3926).

16. Hoya Forsesu, King & Gamble, n. sp. A climbing shrub,
rooting on trees and probably epiphytic ; branchlets somewhat angular,
lenticellate, with pale brown shining bark. Leaves coriaceous when
dry ; elliptic-oblong or -obovate, shortly and bluntly acuminate at apex,
rounded at base; upper surface glabrous, shining; lower surface
minutely papillose; both pale brown when dry; margins somewhat
recurved; 4 to 7 in. long, 2:5 to 4 in. broad; midrib strong, much
raised beneath, bearing on the upper surface a gland just above the
petiole; main nerves about 7 pairs, irregular but usually at 40° with
the midrib, more or less curved and branching; secondary nerves
frequent, especially near the top between the main nerves; reticula-
tions transverse, irregular, clearly visible only on the upper surface ;
petiole very thick, bent, articulate in the middle, about -5 in. long.
Umbels apparently few-flowered, on 75 in. long rachises with small
tubercles at the end of short (about ‘75 in.) peduncles; pedicels filiform,
‘) in. long, puberulous; buds flattened, :25 in. in diam. ; flowers having
greyish-white corollas with purple tips (Forbes). Calyx membranous ;
lobes about twice as long as tube, ovate, ciliate, puberulous without ;
no scales. Corolla ‘4 in. in diam., puberulous without; lobes broadly
triangular-ovate-acute, incurved. Corona of 45 inflated processes
closely adnate to the staminal-column ; lower lobes horizontal, narrow-
oblong, slightly ridged above, 2-valved below, nearly 1 in. long ; upper
lobe a minute erect tooth. Staminal-colwmn short; anthers incumbent
over the style-apex; cells divergent ; appendages acute, scarious ; pollen-
masses flattened, falcate, attached by short straight caudicles to the
narrow pollen-carriers. Style-apex very thin, deeply 5-lobed with a
conical tip. Fruit not known.

PerAK: Scortechini 1679, 1680.— Distris. Sumatra, on Kaba
Volcano, 5000 feet (Forbes 2896a).

17. Hoya Finuaysonu, Wight Contrib. 38 (1834). <A climbing
shrub; stem stout; branchlets pale brown, smooth, lenticellate, flexuose.
Leaves coriaceous, thick, hard and tough when dry; ovate- or oblong-
lanceolate, obtusely acuminate at apex, more or less rounded at base;
both surfaces at first minutely papillose, afterwards glabrescent or
dotted, when fresh greenish-red above, dark red beneath; margins with

tT

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 575

.)

a wavy nerve close to the edge; 5 to 7 in. long, 1:5 to 2:5 in. broad;
nerves very prominent and raised on both surfaces when dry; midrib
stout, with a large gland just above the petiole; main nerves about
5 to 7 pairs besides the marginal one, at about 60° with the midrib,
nearly straight to join a second and prominent looped intramarginal
nerve; secondary nerves many, irregular; reticulations irregular,
netted; petiole very thick, -25 to ‘5 in. long. Umbels very many-
flowered, without any prominent tubercular rachis; peduncles ‘75 to
2 in. long, rather slender; pedicels almost capillary, ‘5 to °75 in. long;
buds 5-angled, hemispheric below, flattened and depressed above, ‘25 in.
across; flowers with cream-coloured and pink corolla and waxy-white
corona. Calyx thin, nearly hyaline, with a few brown veins; lobes
obtuse, ‘05 in. long, pubescent within. Corolla ‘4 in. broad when open,
pubescent within; lobes triangular-ovate-acute, usually inflexed.
Corona of 5 spreading inflated processes; the lower lobes ovate-acute,
concave at first, afterwards more or less ridged, 2-winged below; the
upper lobe erect, short, acute. Stamnal-column short, attached to the
top of the corolla-tube; anther-cells divergent; appendages short,
rounded, scarious; pollen-masses oblong-falcate, obtuse at tip, attached
by very short thick caudicles to the conical pollen-carriers. Style-apex
5-angled, with 5 rays leading to a short apiculus. Follicle 1, very
slender, 7:5 in. long, -25 in. broad, straight, acuminate; pericarp thin,
glabrous, striate. Seeds cylindric, ‘3 in. long, acute at base, truncate at
tip, and bearing a 1 to 1:5 in. long silky coma; testa very thin, brown;
cotyledons fleshy, lanceolate, 15 in. long; radicle cylindric, -1 in. long.
Wall. Cat. 8166; Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 638; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT.
527; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 62.

Perak: Wray 2724; King’s Collector 4800. Sincapore: Wallich
8166.—Distris. Siam? (Finlayson).

The specimens in the Kew Herbarium, have no flowers, but we see no reason to
doubt the identification of the leaves of our specimen. °

18. Hoya Rivteyi, King & Gamble, n. sp. A twining epiphytic
undershrub, rooting at intervals on the bark of trees; branchlets pale,
terete, lenticellate, rather slender when dry. Leaves fleshy, coriaceous
when dry, variable; ovate or ovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute at
apex, rounded or narrowed or sometimes cuneate at base; both surfaces
glabrous; margins recurved; 3 to 5 in. long, 1:25 to 1:75 in. broad;
midrib slender, faint, as are the nerves generally, even when dry; main
nerves about 5 to 6 pairs, the lowest pair starting from the base and
curving along the margin, the others nearly at right angles, quickly
branching and joining the marginal one; reticulations irregularly

576 Flora of the Malayan Pennsula.

netted; petiole very thick, -25 to °75 in. long, broad at the junction
with the blade. Umbels many-flowered, on -25 to 1 in. long rachises
with small tubercles at the ends of stout lateral peduncles 1 to 4 in.
long; pedicels slender, ‘5 to ‘75 in. long; buds flattened, -25 in. in diam.
Calyx papillose without; lobes oblong, acute, -06 in. long; no scales.
Corolla rugose without, puberulous within; lobes cordate, almost
3-pointed, points acuminate, especially the end one. Corona of 5 shining
inflated processes; lower lobe horizontal, ovate, sharply acute, concave
on the upper surface with a median ridge, 2-valved below; upper lobe
on acute erect tooth, shorter than the anthers. Staminal-colwmn short,
inserted on the tube of the corolla, wings of filaments ear-like ; anther-
cells divaricate; appendages scarious, acuminate, incurved; pollen-
masses flattened, oblong, truncate at top; attached by short thick
caudicles to the 3-lobed rounded rather large pollen-carriers. Style-
apex membranous, 5-angled ; tip long conical. rut not known.

Kepaw: at Pulau Songsong, Curtes. Prnane: Curtis; at Pulau
Tikus, Fiudley 9476. Perak: at Maxwell’s Hill, Ardley 5519.
SINGAPORE: at Grange Road, Azdley 10358.

To this species, also, probably belongs Curtis 2355 from Kwala Lumpor, Selangor,
which has, however, smaller leaves, but no flowers.

19. Hoya parvirLorA, Wight Contrib. 37 (1834). A twining, slender,
epiphytic undershrub; rooting on the stems and branches of trees;
branchlets very slender, terete. Leaves thick, coriaceous; lanceolate,
acute both at apex and base; glabrous on both surfaces; margins
slightly recurved; 2 to 4 in. long, -35 to ‘75 in. broad; midrib slender,
obscure; main nerves very faint even when dry, 5 to 6 pairs, very
acutely (about 10°) spreading from the midrib, the lowest pair even
more so; reticulations not visible; petiole about -15 in. long, thick.
Umbels many-flowered (30 to 40), racemose, lateral or terminal; peduncle
rather stout, 1:5 to 1-75 in. long, ending in a thickened strobilate rachis
often 1 in. long with minute imbricate bracts; pedicels slender, ‘25 to
‘5 in. long; buds globose, depressed; flowers many, about ‘15 to ‘25 in.
in diam., apparently white. Calyx membranous, very small; lobes
ovate. Corolla rotate, revolute, villous within with unicellular soft
hairs; lobes triangular. Corona of 5 membranous horizontally spread-
ing processes, forming a shallow cone; lobes longitudinally folded, bifid
at apex. Staminal-column very short; anthers connivent over the
style-apex, with very thin membranous appendages ; pollen-masses very
minute, flattened, oblong-truncate, attached by minute cup-shaped
caudicles to the triangular pollen-carriers. Style-apex with a conical
tip. follicles very slender, 4 to 5:5 in. long, ‘2 in. broad; pericarp thin,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 577

smooth. Seeds oblong, -25 in. long, not winged, truncate at tip, and
bearing a 1 in. long white silky coma; testa very thin, pale brown,
smooth; cotyledons oblong, -05 in. long; radicle cylindric, ‘075 in.
long. Wall. Cat. 81564; Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 637; Hook. f.
Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 54.

Penane: at Balik Pulau, Curtis 689; on Mount Elvira, Md. Haniff
for Curtis —Distris. Tenasserim (Wallich 8156 a).

20. Hoya rEvoututTa, Wight MS.; Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 55
(1883). A twining epiphytic undershrub, occasionally rooting from the
nodes; branchlets slender, terete, glabrous. Leaves very thick and
fleshy; ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate at apex, rather abruptly
acute and attenuate at base; both surfaces glabrous, very pale when
dry and more or less shining; margins strongly recurved; 1:5 to 3 in.
long, ‘75 to 1 in. broad; midrib and main nerves (3 to 4 pairs at about
60°) only occasionally, and then very faintly, visible when dry; petiole
very thick, -1 to 15 in. long. Umbels on a 2 to 4 in. long peduncle,
ending in a thick strobilate rachis ‘5 in. long with cushion-like minute
bracts; pedicels of various lengths, -25 to 1 in. long, filiform; buds
small, round, depressed, ‘1 in. in diam.; flowers small, pink, or white
with pink tips. Calyx rotate; lobes oblong, obtuse, 02 in. long; scales
small, flat. Corolla -125 in. in diam., with a slight raised fold at the
mouth of the tube; lobes triangular, as long as tube. Corona of 5
membranous processes united into a conical vertically 5-lobed column,
each again lobed and produced upwards in an acute point. Staminal-
column very shortly stalked; anthers inflexed; appendages acuminate,
membranous; pollen-masses oblong, obtuse, attached by short thick
caudicles to the small pollen-carriers. Style-apex deeply 5-lobed, with
a conical apiculus. /rwt not known. ZH. ovalifolia, Wall. Cat. 8160s.

Perak: in Lartit 3962 and at Relan Tujor, Wray 1902; Scortechini.
Manacoa: Griffith ; Maingay (K.D.) 1127, 1129, 1123 (part). Sinea-
PoRE: Wallich 8160s.

Wray No. 3962, from Blanda, Mabok Plains, Larut, is a fruiting specimen which
may possibly belong to H. revoluta, Wight; but the leaves are lanceolate and not
ovate, and the flowers are described as yellow instead of pink. The following is the
description :—

A climbing undershrub; branches terete, pale brown. Leaves fleshy, coriaceous
when dry; lanceolate, acuminate at apex, narrowed at base; glabrous on both sur-
faces ; margins strongly recurved; 1-5 to 2 in. long, ‘5 to 75 in. broad; midrib and
main neryes only very faintly visible when dry, the latter curving upwards at an acute
angle ; petiole very thick, -25 in. long on a much enlarged base. Flowers not seen.
Follicle lanceolate, poniard-shaped, acutely angled, 2°5 in. long, -4 in. broad; pericarp
thick. Seeds very small, -1 in. long, trigonous-oblong with a broad truncate apex,
bearing a white silky coma 1 to 1:5 in. long; testa thin, brown; albumen rather thick;

578 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

cotyledons elliptic, -(02 in. long; radicle ‘01 in. long, flattened perpendicularly to the
cotyledons.

21. Hoya puicata, King & Gamble, n. sp. A climbing, probably
epiphytic, undershrub; branchlets rather stout, terete, yellowish. Leaves
fleshy, coriaceous when dry; ovate-lanceolate, acuminate at apex, acute
at base; smooth and glabrous on both surfaces; margins slightly
recurved; 3 in. long, 1 in. broad; midrib very faint and then only when
dry; remaining nerves invisible; petiole stout, ‘25 in. long, flattened.
Umbels many-flowered, racemose, on stout tubercular rachises, -25 to
‘5 in. long at the ends of stout 75 to 1 in. long peduncles; pedicels
fleshy, broadly flattened when dry, 1 in. long; buds 5-angled, flattened.
Calyx small; lobes ovate, acuminate, hyaline; scales subulate. Corolla
‘4 in. broad, with a raised 5-angled villous ridge in the tube above the
insertion of the staminal-column, puberulous on both surfaces; lobes
triangular, ‘1 to ‘15 in. long. Corona of 5 shining horny processes
attached to the backs of the anthers; lower lobe ovate, obtuse or bifid at
apex, with a broad fold on the upper surface; upper lobe erect, acumi-
nate, as long as the anthers. Stanwnal-cohumm short; anther-cells
parallel; appendages scarious, acuminate; pollen-masses flattened,
granular, thin on the margin, truncate at top, seated on the face of
spathulate horizontal caudicles, which connect them with the rather
large-lobed pollen-carriers. Style-apex 5-angled, fleshy, with a short
conical apiculus. F'rwt not known.

Perak: at Maxwell’s Hill, 3000 ft., Scortechini 323.

22. Hoya CAMPANULATA, Blume Bijdr. 1064 (1825). A small twining
shrub; branches fleshy; branchlets pale brown and shining when dry,
the bark scaling off. Leaves fleshy and bright-green when fresh,
coriaceous when dry; elliptic-oblong, acuminate at apex, cuneate or
attenuate, sometimes rounded at base; both surfaces glabrous, more or
less shining, pale when dry; margins recurved; 2°5 to 6°5 in. long,
1 to 2°5 in. broad; midrib stout, raised below, impressed above when
_ dry; with a rounded gland at the base above the petiole; main nerves
6 to 7 pairs, straight to meet, often at scarcely more than half-way to
the edge, a prominent (when dry) looped intramarginal nerve; secondary
nerves few, similar; reticulations many, irregular, prominent, and raised
above when dry; petiole ‘25 in. long, stout. Umbels about 16- to 20-
flowered; peduncles stout, 1 to 2 in. long, the bracteate portion -25 to
‘) in. long; pedicels very slender, 1 to 1-25 in. long; buds globose,
depressed ; flowers cream-coloured. Calyx-lobes membranous, hyaline,
subulate. Corolla glabrous, about 1 to 1:5 in. broad or broader; lobes
ciliate, boat-shaped, -6 in. long; scales very short, apiculate. Corona
of 5 processes; lower lobes of spreading spurs ‘15 to -2 in. long,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 579

smooth, shining, horny when dry; upper lobes somewhat similar,
erect. ollicles straight, cylindric, ‘6 to ‘8 in. long, :2 in. broad ;
pericarp smooth, green with white stripes when fresh. Seeds ob-
long, obspathulate, °3 in. long, ‘1 in. broad, with a short wing at
the base, the tip truncate with a white silky coma 1 to 1‘5 in. long;
testa very thin, smooth; cotyledons oblong, ‘15 in. long; radicle cylin-
dric, ‘1 in. long. Wall. Cat. 8171; Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 633;
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 513; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 62. H. campanu-
lata, Blume Bijdr. 1064; Lindl. Bot. Reg. (1847) t. 54; Hook. Bot.
Mag. t. 4545. Cystidianthus campanulatus, Hassk. Cat. Hort. Bog.
126; Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I. 57; Mig. l.c. 515. Physo-
stelma Wallichiz, Wight Contrib. 40; Wall. Cat. 8171; Dene. in DC.
l. c.; Mig. J. c. 513; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. TV. 62. P. ? campanulata,
Dene. l. c.

PeRAK: at Relan Tujor, Wray 1841, 3139, 4014, 4024; Scortechini
171, 336; at Bujong Malacca, Ridley 9712; King’s Collector 2587, 3457,
3819. Singapore: Wallich 8171.—Disrris. Sumatra, Java (Forbes
416), Borneo (Haviland 1971). |

A specimen of Forbes’s from Sumatra has flowers quite twice as large as those
from the Peninsula, but the structure is the same. He says, ‘‘ Flowers cream-white
with a flush of rose-purple, very fragrant.’’ The description of the follicles is taken
from those sent by Wray with his No. 1841, but as they are not attached to the plant,
and we have seen no others for comparison, we do not feel quite sure of their
identification.

23. Hoya Wrayi, King & Gamble, n. sp. A slender creeping
epiphytic undershrub, rooting on the branches of trees; stems
slender, very rough when dry. Leaves fleshy, thinly coriaceous when
dry ; lanceolate, obtuse and glandular-apiculate at apex, long-attenuate
at base; upper surface glabrous smooth, lower minutely papillose, both
greyish when dry; margins recurved; 3:5 to 4 in. long, 1 to 1:25 in.
broad; midrib slender, broadened at base; main nerves very incon-
spicuous even when dry, about 4 pairs, at about 30° with the midrib ;
reticulations not visible; petiole very thick, rugose, jointed at the
junction with the blade. Inflorescence not seen; rachis minutely
tuberculate; pedicels slender, ‘75 to 1 in. long, seurfy. Calyx hyaline,
papillose without; tube short ; lobes linear-oblong, -05 in. long; scales
subulate. Corolla campanulate-rotate, ‘3 in. broad when open, villous
within with cellular hairs, margins fimbriate-crispate; lobes very
short, triangular. Corona of 5 processes, attached above the filament-
tube, horny and yellow when dry; lower lobe a slightly upcurved linear-
lanceolate ridged spur; upper similar, erect, dorsally flattened, longer

13

580 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

than the anthers. Staminal-column with filament-tube free from the
corona, otherwise short; anthers short, cells parallel; appendages scari-
ous, ovate, curved over the style-apex; pollen-masses flattened, oblong,
obliquely truncate with membranous margins, attached by broadly in-
flated cup-like caudicles to the conical pollen-carriers. Style-apex
5-angled, thick, concave above with a conical apiculus. Fyrwit not
seen.
PrerAK: at Gunong Batu Pateh, 4300 ft., Wray 371.

28. DIscHIptIA, Br

Herbs or undershrubs, usually epiphytic, climbing and rooting on
trees or pendulous from them, sometimes almost leafless. Leaves
usually opposite, fleshy, sometimes converted into pitchers (asczdia), —
sometimes convex and sessile, rugose or bullate. lowers very small,
often minute, white yellow or red, in axillary racemose or umbellate
cymes or fascicles; the rachis short, thick, tuberculate; peduncles stout.
Calyx small, 5-partite, membranous, with 5 glandular scales. Corolla
campanulate tubular or urceolate; the tube ovoid or globose or cylin-
dric; the mouth usually contracted; lobes 5, thick, valvate. Corona
staminal, of 5 membranous processes, adnate to the back of the
staminal-column, erect, the tips entire, notched or bifid or with in-
curved or recurved arms; sometimes none or replaced by a corolline
corona (Subg. I. ConcHopHynium). Staminal-column very short ;
filaments connate in a tube; anthers erect, with membranous appen-
dages; pollen-masses 1 in each cell, compressed, waxy, attached by
long curved caudicles, usually of cornucopia shape, to the hard oblong
pollen-carriers, caudicles in D. coccinea very short. Ovary of 2 carpels;
styles short ; style-apex flat or with a conical sometimes capitate tip.
Fruit of 2 or 1 small slender or thick acuminate follicles; pericarp
smooth. Seeds very small, flask-shaped, tipped with a long silky coma.
—Distris. About 50 species: in tropical India, the Malay Peninsula
and Archipelago, the Philippine Islands, New Guinea and Australia.

Staminal-corona absent (Subgenus I. ConcHopHyLLuM) :—
Corolla with a corona like a toothed hanging fold; leaves of
two kinds—(1) orbicular, flattened; (2) reniform, markedly
convex and bullate, under -75 in. long and 1 in. broad .. IL. D. astephana.
Corolla with a corona like a thickened undulate fold ; leaves
of one kind (so far as known), reniform, slightly convex and
bullate, usually over 1 in. long and 1°5 in. broad .. 2. D. depressa.
Staminal-corona present, membranous, erect, with incurved or
recurved arms (Subgenus II. Eupiscurpra) :—

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Leaves sessile, usually reniform, convex above, closely applied
to the tree-trunks or branches (Sect. 1. Comtyris) :—
Leaves not bullate; flowers white, tipped with lilac
Leaves strongly bullate; flowers scarlet, tipped with lilac
Leaves partly or wholly converted into pitchers (ascidia)
(Sect. 2. AscrprrERa) :—
Ordinary leaves orbiculate, up to 1 in. in diam., pitchers
2 to 5 in. long, oblong, curved, more or less smooth
All leaves (so far as known) converted into subreniform
compressed rugose pitchers about 2 in. in diam.
Leaves normal, not (so far as known) converted into Aegis
or conyex and sessile (Sect. 3. Normanta) :—
Corona-processes bifid, emarginate or depressed above ;
lobes ineurved :—
Lobes of corona-processes narrow :—
Lobes of corona-processes horizontal or upcurved ;
leaves thick, fleshy, linear-oblong or spathulate
Lobes of corona-processes curved downwards, spathu-
late; leaves flat, orbicular, papillose beneath
Lobes of corona-processes broad :—
Leaves ovate, glabrous. not lacunose; corolla-tube
merely villous at the throat within ae se
Leaves ovate, often hirsute, lacunose; corolla-tube
villous at the throat within and with a ring of hairs
half-way down also be
Corona-processes rounded or sefmilnnen abasey lobes in-
curved, usually somewhat twisted :— ;
Corolla-tube under ‘1 in. long; lobes short, glabrous or
villous within :—
Corolla urceolate ; tube globose; lobes villous within;
leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 2-5 to 4 in. long,
75 to 1:25 in. broad; corona-processes extremely thin
Corolla campanulate; lobes glabrous within :—
Leaves ovate, 1°5 to 2°5 in. long, 1 to 1°75 in. broad ;
petiole flattened . : :
Leaves ovate- iaeeeuinte, 11955 ir) Aiea) ‘thal cane ‘75 to
lin. broad ; petiole not flattened
Corolla-tube over -1 in. long; lobes elongate, Piliges
within :—
Corolla urceolate, gradually contracted at the throat;
tube -125 in. long; leaves ovate-lanceolate, 2 to 2°5 in.
long :
Corolla tubular, :3 to “4 in. iene a rsied and again
slightly swollen; leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, -75
to 1:25 in. long

SPECIES OF WHICH LEAVES ONLY KNOWN.

Leaves elliptic or elliptic-ovate, 1:5 to 3 in. long, -75 to 1 in.
broad

do
:

Or

bent!

10.

11.

13.

14,

15.

16.

581

. Collyris.
. coccinea.

. Rafflesiana.

. complex.

. benghalensis.

. Numnularia.

. albida.

. hirsuta.

. acutifolia.

. cordifolia.

. monticola.

. Scortechinii.

. tubulifiora.

. Deschampsii.

582 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

1. DiscHIDIA ASTEPHANA, Scortechini MS. in Herb. Cale. A slender
creeping epiphytic herb, closely appressed to and rooting on the trunks
and branches of trees; stems minutely scabrous-papillose and hirsute.
Leaves fleshy, sessile, appressed to the stem, dark red beneath, of
two kinds—(1) orbicular-villous, papillose, -25 to 35 in. in diam. ;
midrib slender; main nerves about 2 pairs, very obscure; and (2)
reniform, very obtuse, upper surface convex, bullate, lower concave
with broad pits, papillose with minute annular papille, strigosely hir-
sute; -5 to °75 in. long, -75 to 1 in. broad; nerves visible on the under
surface only, irregular, branching, central one (midrib ?) thick. Umbels
few-flowered, on a thick tubercular rachis -25 in. long at the end of a
thick peduncle somewhat shorter; pedicels -1 in. long, angled; buds
5-angled, conical, -15 in. long; flowers white. Calyx membranous ;
lobes oblong-obtuse, ciliate, hirsute beneath, -05 in. long; scales minute.
Corolla urceolate ; tube 5-angled, :125 in. long, contracted at the mouth,
furnished within with a ring of stiff hairs below the mouth, and about
half-way down a corolline corona consisting of a reflexed membranous
hanging annular fold with 5 bilobed teeth, otherwise glabrous; lobes
ovate, 025 in. long, erect, pubescent within. Stamwnal-corona none.
Staminal-column conical, attached to the base of the corolla-tube; fila-
ment-ring short; anther-wings horny, large, 2-folded, spreading out-
wards; anthers erect, cells parallel; appendages very thin, acuminate,
connivent; pollen-masses oblong or clavate, truncate, granular, seated
on rather long caudicles with cup-like apex, which connect them with
the large oblong shining pollen-carriers. Style-apex long, conical.
Follicle 1, lanceolate, 1:25 to 1:75 in. long, acuminate; pericarp very
thin, opening out flat and 2-keeled; placenta membranous. Seeds not
seen.

Perak: at Bujong Malacca, Scortechint 1897. SmLANGOoR: at Bukit
Hitam, Ridley 6570 (in part).

This very interesting species is closely allied to Conchophyllum imbricatum, Bl.,
the “ Pustula arborum”’ of Rumph. Herb. Amb. V. 473, t. 175, fig. 3. Beccari, in
Malesia, II. 258, maintains Blume’s genus Conchophyllum, characterized by the
absence of a staminal corona. As, however, in all other respects the species seems to
us to bear the characters of Dischidia, we have preferred to retain it in that genus, as

was done by Scortechini, whose manuscript description in the Calcutta Herbarium
has been followed closely.

2. DISCHIDIA DEPRESSA, C. B. Clarke, MS. in Herb. Kew. A slender
creeping epiphyte, closely appressed to and rooting on the stems
and branches of trees; stems very slender, wiry; rootlets extremely
numerous. Leaves fleshy, sessile, orbicular-reniform, flattened or
somewhat convex and slightly bullate on the upper surface, glabrous or

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 583

very slightly papillose on the lower surface, and with small pits; 1 to
1-25 in. long, 1:5 to 1:75 in. broad; midrib stout; main nerves 2 to 3
pairs, the lowest pair from the base spreading horizontally; the others
slightly acutely and early branching. Inflorescence not seen. Calyx
very thin, hyaline; lobes glabrous, rounded, ‘03 in. long, obscurely
3-nerved. Corolla urceolate, much depressed; tube when at full length
‘075 in. long, glabrous within and furnished in the middle with a 5-lobed
undulate fold or corolline corona; the throat closed, with stiff inflexed
decumbent shining white hairs; lobes triangular, -05 in. long, thickened,
villous within. Staminal-corona none. Staminal-column short, pyra-
midal; anther-wings spreading outwards, horny; appendages very
thin, obtuse, connivent; pollen-masses cylindro-clavate, attached by
cornucopia-shaped caudicles as long as themselves to the ellipsoid
pollen-carriers. Style-apex conical; tip capitate. Fruit not known.

Mauacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1115.

3. Discuip1a Coniyris, Wall. Cat. 4207 (1829). A creeping
epiphyte, trailing over and rooting on the stems and branches of trees;
stems slender, terete; rootlets very numerous and spreading. Leaves
fleshy, coriaceous when dry, sessile; orbicular, convex above with re-
flexed margins, mucronate or not at apex, slightly cordate at base in
young leaves; wrinkled above, papillose and often farinose beneath ;
1 to 1:5 in. in diam.; midrib and nerves distinct on the lower surface;
midrib stout; main nerves 2 to 3 pairs, nearly at right angles to the
midrib, soon branching and spreading; reticulations very few visible.
Umbels on stout tuberculate rachises in pairs at the ends of short stout
clavate peduncles; pedicels very short, slender; flowers white, tipped
with pale lilac. Calyx membranous, hyaline; lobes ovate, ciliate, ‘025 in.
long. Corolla urceolate; tube globose, about 05 in. long, glabrous on
both surfaces, the mouth much contracted, forming a ridge within;
lobes triangular, thickened, glabrous, erect. Corona-processes 5, very
thinly membranous and hyaline, linear, with a spreading emarginate top
with incurved broad flattened lobes. Staminal-column short, conical ;
appendages erect, acute; pollen-masses oblong, obtuse, seated on cornu-
copia-shaped flattened caudicles as long as themselves and joined by
them to the oblong hard brown pollen-carriers. Style-apex pyramidal;
tip somewhat capitate. Jollicles (1 or 2 ?) linear-lanceolate, curved ; tip
recurved, 2 to 2°5 in. long, ‘25 in. broad; base slightly gibbous; peri-
carp thin, pale brown. Seeds cylindrical, 15 in. long by -026 in. broad;
base winged and slightly bifid; testa very thin, brown ; albumen rather
copious ; cotyledons ovate, fleshy, -05 in. long; radicle cylindric, thick,
075 in. long. Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 51. D. albiflora, Griff. Notul.
IV. 47, and Ic. Pl. As. t. 410a, fig. 8; Beccari Malesia II. 263. Collyris

584 Flora of the Maiayan Peninsula.

major, Vahl in Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Copenh. VI. 110: Wight Contrib.
66 (2 part).

Manacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1114 (perhaps also, but doubtfully, K.D.
1116, with rather large flatter leaves and frequent pustules); Groffith
3779. Sincapore: Walker—Distris. Burma (Wallich 4207), Java.

We do not feel (any more than, apparently, did the author of the Fl. Br. Ind.)
quite sure of the identification of Griffith’s specimens with those herein described
(Maingay 1114), but believe that they correctly belong to this plant, representing
terminal small-leaved sprays. Conchophyllum imbricatum, Bl. Bijdr. 1061, cannot be
this species, as it is described as having no staminal corona-processes.

4, Discuipia coccinea, Griff. Notul. TV. 45 (1854), and Ic. PI.
Asiat. CCCCIX. A small creeping epiphyte, trailing over and rooting on
the stems and branches of trees; stems slender, smooth or papillose or
with rounded warts; rootlets very numerous and spreading. Leaves
fleshy, coriaceous when dry, sessile; orbicular, convex above, the
margins broadly recurved, wrinkled above and with prominent large
bullate protuberances, pitted below by the protuberances and minutely
papillose, white when young, red when old; ‘5 to 1 in. in diam. ; mid-
rib and 1 to 2 pairs of branching nerves prominent beneath. Umbels
about 5- to 6-flowered, on short enlarged rachises at the ends of thick
peduncles about -1 in. long; the peduncles in pairs in the axils of the
leaf-pairs; pedicels slender, clavate, -15 to -2 in. long; buds broadly
conical ; flowers scarlet with lilac tips. Calyx membranous, hyaline ;
lobes very small, obtuse, glabrous. Corolla urceolate; tube gradually
attenuate upwards from an inflated base, ‘1 in. long, slightly puberulous
without, glabrous within, with an undulately 5-lobed ridge at a little
above half height; lobes triangular-ovate, thickened, ‘03 in. long,
glabrous. Corona-processes 5, membranous, linear, with an emarginate
top bearing broad incurved lobes. Stamwnal-colwmn slender; the anther-
wings minutely horned; appendages ovate-acute, connivent over the
style-apex; pollen-masses oblong, slender, attached by minute- cup-
shaped caudicles to the ovoid dark brown pollen-carriers. Style-apex
5-angled, conical with a subulate capitate tip. ollicles (usually 2)
about 1 in. long, curved and much recurved, rather broad; pericarp
crustaceous, smooth. Seeds obovoid, ‘05 in. long, the base minutely
winged, the wing dentate; testa thin, pale brown; albumen scanty ;
cotyledons very small, 3 to 4 times smaller than the ovoid fleshy
radicle. Hook. f. Fl. Br: Ind. IV. 51.

Manacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1119; Griffith 3780. PErax: at 4000 to
4500 feet near Larut, King’s Collector 3840, 6905; at Gunong Tjuk,
Scortechim 1185.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 585

The chief peculiarity of this species is in its pollen-masses being elongate and
having very small caudicles, and being therefore quite different from those of any other
species we have examined. The Perak specimens have no flowers, and can therefore
only be referred here tentatively, but we believe them to be correctly identified.

5. Discuip1A RAFFLESIANA, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. II. 35, t. 142 (1831),
and Cat. 4208. A creeping epiphytic undershrub, milky, much branched,
rooting on the trunks and branches of trees and often pendent from
them ; stems glabrous or slightly pubescent, terete, lower ones as thick
as a goosequill. Leaves fleshy, coriaceous when dry, changing into
pitchers; orbiculate or ovate-orbiculate, obtuse or mucronate some-
times acuminate at apex, rounded at base, slightly peltate; both sur-
faces glabrous ; margins recurved; °75 to 1 in. in diam.; nerves faintly
visible beneath; midrib slender ; main nerves about 3 to 4 pairs, the lowest
pair from the base and making an intramarginal nerve which the others
join; petiole stout, flat, -15 to -25 in. long, sometimes longer; pitchers
(ascidia) 2 to 5 in. long, fleshy, thick, oblong or ovate-oblong, slightly
curved, obtuse, gibbous at base, the cavity filled with rootlets from the
adjoiing node. Umbels about 6- to 8-flowered, small, rounded, on
a thickened tubercular rachis at the end of a long or short (usually
‘) in. long) stout peduncle in the axil of the leaves; pedicels
slender; buds ovoid; flowers pale yellow. Calyx membranous; lobes
lanceolate, acute, ciliate, hirsute without. Corolla fleshy, urceolate ;
tube ovoid, pubescent without, -15 in. long; lobes short, obtuse, villous
with somewhat retrorse stiff white hairs within, erect, ‘05 in. long.
Corona of 5 processes, attached to the base of the staminal-column,
each process on a stout base, deeply bilobed; lobes spathulate, incurved.
Staminal-column short, conical; anther-cells parallel; appendages
acuminate, erect, membranous; pollen-masses rather long, linear-oblong-
spathulate, seated on cup-shaped clavate brown caudicles, which attach
them to the oblong hardened dark pollen-carriers. Follicle 1, 2 to
3 in. long, curved, ‘3 in. broad below the middle, tapering thence to
both ends; pericarp thin, smooth. Seeds 1 in. long, somewhat angled,
oblong-obovate, narrowly winged on the margin, broadly winged and often
dentate at base, truncate at tip, bearing a silky coma 1 in. or more long ;
albumen very scanty ; cotyledons elliptic, obtuse, ‘025 in. long ; radicle
‘) in. long, cylindric. Griff. Notul. IV. 47, t. 386, fig. 6, and in Trans.
Linn. Soc. XX. 387 and 391, tt. 17, 18; Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 632 ;
Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 512; Wight Contrib. 44; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind.
TY. 50; K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl Naturl. Pflanzenfam. IV. 2, 228,
fig. 87 (from Wallich) ; Beccari Malesia II. 263. D. viridescens, Griff.
l.c. 49. Collyrts major, Vahl in Trans. Nat. Hist. Soe. Copenh. VI.
110; Wight Contrib. 66 (7 part).

a86 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Perak: at Lartt, Kunstler. Mauacca: on islands, growing on
Anacardiwm, Maingay (K.D.) 1117. Panana: near Pekan and Kwala
Pahang, Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. 2, III. 320. Sin@apore:
Wallich 4208; Kurz; Deschamps; Kunstler (King’s Collector) 1209.—
Distris. India (Cachar, Tenasserim), Borneo, Australia. A coast plant,
abundant in dry spots near the sea, disappearing inland (Ridley). The
pitchers are usually occupied by ants.

6. Discuip1a compLEXx, Griff. Notul. IV. 50 (1854). A twining
_ epiphyte, growing and rooting on the stems and branches of trees;
stems very slender, terete. Leaves replaced by pitchers (ascidia), the
pitchers subreniform, compressed, about 2 in. in diam.,the orifice small,
near the petiole, its margin inflexed, formed into a second pitcher much
smaller than the outer one, opening on each side by an oblique opening
deeply furrowed on the upper, carinate on the lower, side; the outer
cavity filled with rootlets, the inner surfaces lurid purple. Flowers
subumbellate, white, on thickened rachises at the ends of 1 to 3 in. long
stout peduncles. Corolla with sub-globose tube, scarcely narrowed at
the mouth; lobes broadly ovate, fleshy, inflexed; the throat of the
corolla closed with a ring of hairs. Corona-processes with long narrow
arms dilated at the tips. Stamnal-column truncate; pollen-masses
subobovate, attached by much dilated long keeled caudicles to the
pollen-carriers (from Griffith). Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 51; Beccari
Malesia IT. 265.

Matacca: Griffith, on trees.

7. DISCHIDIA BENGHALENSIS, Colebr. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XII. 357,
t. 15 (1817). <A fleshy epiphytic undershrub, rooting on the trunk and
branches of trees, often matted and often hanging in flagelliform sprays ;
stems rather stout, as thick as a goosequill, glabrous, winged when dry.
Leaves very fleshy, thick, subsessile; linear-oblong elliptic obovate or
spathulate, obtuse and apiculate at apex, attenuate at base; ‘6 to 2 in.
long, ‘25 to -75 in. broad; midrib and nerves scarcely ever visible, in
dried specimens sometimes 3 to 5 pairs of main nerves at an acute
angle with the midrib; petiole twisted, -1 to -15 in. long. Umbels
axillary, very short-peduncled, about 10-flowered, usually on stout en-
larged rachises ; pedicels ‘05 to:1 in. long, slender; buds ovoid; flowers
pale yellowish-white. Calyx fleshy; lobes ovate, ‘03 in. long. Corolla
urceolate, glabrous on both sides; tube globose, ‘05 to -1 in. in diam.;
lobes triangular, acute, ‘03 in. long, thickened within. Corona of
5 slender processes, membranous; stalk linear, branching in 2 falcate
recurved subulate laciniw. Staminal-column short; anther-wings
spreading ; appendages short, connivent ; pollen-masses falcate, trun-
cate above, joined by a curved cup-shaped caudicle half as long as

Flora of the Malayan Pennsula. 587

themselves to the narrow ellipsoid pollen-carriers. Style-apex pyramidal.
Follicles usually 1 only, very slender, straight, acuminate, 1:5 to 2°5 in.
long, ‘15 in. broad; pericarp thin, smooth. Seeds almost cylindric,
only slightly compressed at the sides, rounded and minutely denticulate
below, ‘1 in. long, truncate at tip and bearing a copious white silky
coma; testa thin, pale brown; albumen very scanty; cotyledons fleshy,
ovate, ‘05 in. long from a broad base; radicle stout, nearly as large.
Spreng. Syst. Veg. I. 844; Wight Contrib. 43; Dene. in DC. Prodr.
VIII. 631; Bot. Mag. t. 2916; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 50. D. cumner-
folia, Wall. Cat. 4206; Dene. l.c. 633. D. spatulata, Blume Bijdr. 1060;
Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 512.

Perak: Scortechint 1188; King’s Collector 5751. SINGAPORE:
Maingay (K.D.) 1121.—Distris. India (H. Nepal, Sikkim, Assam and
southwards), Java, Borneo.

8. Discu1p1a Nummuwaria, Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. I. 461 (1810).
A very slender epiphytic herb, rooting on the trunks and branches of
trees ; stems farinose, sometimes papillose or minutely puberulous, grey.
Leaves fleshy, coriaceous when dry, farinose ; orbicular, acute obtuse or
apiculate at apex, rounded at base or sometimes slightly cuneate ;
under surface more or less papillose; margins often recurved ; -25 to
‘7d in. in diam.; midrib and 2 to 3 pairs main nerves much branching,
reticulating, scarcely visible even when dry; petiole 0 to -05 in. long.
Umbels few-flowered, lateral, on short rachises and short thick peduncles
or nearly sessile; pedicels ‘06 in. long; buds ovoid; flowers scarlet.
Calyx-lobes minute, acute, membranous. Corolla urceolate; tube
‘075 in. long, globose ; throat villous within, with often retrorse hairs ;
lobes linear-subulate, ‘025 in. long, erect, thickened. Corona of 5 pro-
cesses attached to the base of the staminal-column, each process linear
below, bifid above in 2 recurved spathulate lobes. Stamnal-column
short, conical; anther-wings conspicuous; anther-cells parallel; appen-
dages membranous, acute; pollen-masses oblong-ellipsoid, attached by
broad curved caudicles as long as themselves to the small brown horny
pollen-carriers. Style-apex 5-lobed; tip conical. ollicles slender,
curved, linear-lanceolate, long-acuminate, broad near the base (‘6 in.
when open) ; pericarp chartaceous, brown, smooth. Seeds flask-shaped,
‘0d in. long, truncate at the tip and bearing a 1 in. long white silky
coma; testa thin. Wall. Cat. 4204; Wight Contrib. 43; Dene. in
Nouv. Ann. Mus. Par. III. 378, and DC. Prodr. VIII. 632; Bl. Bijdr.
1059; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 507; Benth. Fl. Austral. IV. 345; Hook. f.
Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 49; Beccari Malesia Il. 2671, t. lxui. 7 to 11; Prain
Beng. Plants 699. D. orbicularis, Dene. l.c.; Mig. l.c. Collyris nwnor,
Vahl in Act. Soc. Hafn. VI. 111; Wight Contrib. 67. D. Gaudichaudii,

588 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Dene. l.c.; Mig. l.c. 508. ‘ Nummularia lactea nunor prima,” Rumph.
Herb. Amb. V. 472, t. 176, fig. 1.

Penance: Curtis; Wallich 42044. Perak: Scortechini 1109.
Mauacea: Griffith 3778; Maingay (K.D.) 1118. Panane: in heath
country Fzdley (see Trans. Linn. Soc., Ser. 2, III. 321). Srnearorn:
Hullett 136, 822; King’s Collector 1270.—Distrip. India (Cachar,
Chittagong, Tenasserim and Andaman Islands), Malay Archipelago,
Australia. ‘“ A most noxious epiphyte in Singapore, draping and
eventually killing trees’ (Ridley, /. c.).

Scortechini 1135 is probably this species, but ,the leaves are slightly ovate. The
specimen has no flowers. We cannot separate D. Gaudichaudti even by the retrorse
hairs in the throat of the corolla, for the character is most difficult to be sure
about in such minute flowers, and otherwise there seems to be no point of difference.

9. Discuip1a auprpa, Griff. Notul. IV. 46 (1854). A slender twining
epiphytic herb or undershrub, rooting on the trunks and branches of
trees; stems very slender, scabrid-puberulous or glabrous. Leaves
fleshy, coriaceous when dry; ovate-acute and mucronate at apex,
rounded or cordate and slightly peltate at base; glabrous and shining
on both surfaces; margins slightly recurved; -5 to -75 in. long, ‘4 in.
broad ; nerves very faint when dry; midrib slender; main nerves 3 to
4 pairs, the lowest pair opposite starting from the base and forming an
intramarginal looped nerve up to the apex, the remaining 2 to 3 pairs
nearly horizontal joining the intramarginal nerve at the sinuses of the
loops ; reticulations few, netted; petiole stout, ‘1 to -15 in. long, puberu-
lous. Umbels few-flowered, on minutely tubercular, more or less thick
and elongated, rachises at the ends of -6 to ‘76 in. long rather stout
peduncles; pedicels none or very slender, up to ‘06 in. long; buds
ovoid, acute; flowers white tipped with pink. Calyx membranous;
lobes ovate-acute, ‘04 in. long; scales minute. Corolla urceolate; tube
ovate-globose, ‘15 in. long, white-villous at the throat; lobes triangular,
erect, very small, with thickened margins. Corona very small, mem-
branous, of 5 processes attached to the base of the staminal-column,
linear, bifid; the lobes broad, flat, recurved. Stanunal-column rather
long, obconic below, conic above; base with a rounded protuberance ;
anther-wings prominent; anther-cells parallel ; appendages acuminate ;
pollen-masses ellipsoid, granular, seated on cornucopia-like flattened
caudicles as long as themselves, which connect them with the ovoid-
oblong rather large brown pollen-carriers. Style-wpex with conical tip.
Follicles ‘very long-beaked, deeply channelled on the inner face”’
(Griffith). ‘ Seeds with very long slender coma” (Griffith). Hook. f.
Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 50.

Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula. 589

PeRAK: at Bujong Malacca, Curtus; Ulu Batang Padang and
Gunong Batu Pateh, 3000 to 5000 ft., Wray 970, 1519; on Maxwell’s
Hill and at Thaiping, Scortechini 86, 313, 1227. Matacca: at Toondook,
Griffith 3781. JoHorE: at Gunong Pulai, 1800 ft., G. King.

10. Discuip1a HirsuTA, Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 632 (1844). A
slender epiphytic trailing herb, rooting on the trunks and branches of
trees; stems minutely papillose and slightly hispid-pubescent, nearly
white when dry, scarcely ever over ‘05 in. in diam. Leaves fleshy,
coriaceous and very pale when dry ; broadly ovate, acute and mucronate
at apex, rounded at base and slightly peltate; shining and lacunose
above, minutely papillose beneath; margins recurved, often hispid-ciliate ;
‘dD to 1 in. long, ‘5 to ‘7 in. broad ; midrib and 2 to 3 pairs of main nerves
prominent above when dry, the nerves horizontal, meeting a looped
intramarginal nerve close to the edge; petiole very short, papillose.
Cymes umbellate, 2- to 3-flowered, on very short rachises at the ends
of short -15 to -2 in. long papillose axillary peduncles; buds ovoid ;
flowers dull red, the tube dark blood-red, the lobes rose-coloured. Calyx
spreading; lobes membranous, ovate, ‘05 in. long; scales minute.
Corolla urceolate; tube °2 in. long, globose below, contracted at the
mouth, furnished within with a row of tufts of hair half-way up and
two further rows at the throat, the lower alternate with, the upper
opposite to, the short ovate-acute lobes, which are ‘05 to ‘1 in. long and
bear 5 adnate fleshy scales behind the tufts of hair. Corona of 5 rather
large very membranous processes from the back of the staminal-column
between the wings, slender below, broad and bifid and recurved above ;
the lobes broadly rounded. Staminal-colwmn conical; the anther-wings
prominent, rounded at base; anther-cells parallel; appendages acu-
minate, membranous, erect; pollen-masses oblong-clavate, obtuse,
seated. on upcurved brown caudicles with cup-like top, which are
half as long as the pollen-masses and connect them to the large conical
dark brown pollen-carriers. Style-wpex very soft; tip long-coniecal.
Follicles “3 in. long, curved, linear-lanceolate, glabrous” (Scortechini).
Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 599; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 50; Bot. Mag.
t. 7853. D. fasciculata, Dene. l.c.; Mig. l.c. D. Brunoniana, Griff.
Notul. IV. 44, and Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 410a, fig. 1 (somewhat incorrect).
Leptostemma hirsutum and fasciculatum, Blume Bijdr. 1058.

PrenANG: at Bato Fereng, Curtes 1897. Prrax: at Waterfall Hill,
Wray 137; Scortechim 180; at Larut, 200 to 300 ft., King’s Collector 6691.
Dinpines: at Pangkore Island, Scortechina 1077. Mauacca: Groffith ;
Maingay (K.D.) 1120. Styearore: Adley 2730.—Distr. Burma
(in Tenasserim (Helfer), at Mergui in mangrove forests (Griffith 3782) ),
Java, Borneo.

590 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

_ 11. Discurpia acutirouia, Maingay MS.; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind.
TV. 51 (1883). A slender twining epiphytic undershrub, rather dis-
tantly rooting on the stems and branches of trees; stems terete,
glabrous, striate when dry. Leaves coriaceous, pergamaceous when
dry; lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate ; shining and glabrous on both sur-
faces; margins recurved; 2:5 to 4 in. long, ‘75 to 1:25 in. broad ; midrib
slender, impressed above when dry; main nerves 6 to 8 pairs, the lowest
pair close to the lower margin, all at from 40° to 60° with the midrib,
straight or curving to join an intramarginal looped nerve; reticulations
netted ; petiole stout, -25 in. long. Umbels few-flowered, in pairs on
thickened rachises at the ends of ‘5 to 1:5 in. long peduncles ; pedicels
very short; buds conical; flowers pale yellow with pink tips. Calyx
very thin, membranous, hyaline; lobes ovate-acute, -025 in. long.
Corolla urceolate; tube globose, ‘05 in. long, throat with a row of
usually erect stiff hairs; lobes as long, villous within, triangular, acute,
thickened. Corona of 5 exceedingly thin membranous hyaline processes;
stem subulate from a broad base; top obtuse, rounded, with 2 rather
short spathulate recurved arms. Stamnal-colunm somewhat elongate,
filament portion membranous ; anther-wings rounded; appendages
crenate with erect acuminate tips; pollen-masses oblong, truncate, on
cornucopia-shaped curved caudicles as long as themselves, and connected
by them to the very slender lanceolate brown pollen-carriers. Style-
apex pyramidal. Fruit not known.

Perak: Scortechint. Mauacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1122.

We were only able to dissect one flower, and that with some difficulty. In his
MS. notes (Vol. IV. pp. 48. 67) Maingay says: ‘‘ Leaves of staminal-corona minute, so
closely adpressed to the anthers that I question if in dried specimens of so minute

a plant (flower ?) they could be discoverable at all; obtuse with short brachia.” The
corona-processes are, in fact, excessively thin, but they can be separated with care.

12. DiscHrpI1A coRDIFOLIA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A creeping
epiphytic undershrub, rooting on the trunks and branches of trees ;
stems about as thick as a crowquill, terete; internodes long. Leaves
fleshy, thinly coriaceous when dry; ovate, bluntly acute at apex, rounded
or slightly cordate at base; both surfaces glabrous; margins slightly
recurved ; 1°5 to 2°5 in. long, 1 to 1°75 in. broad; 5- to 7-nerved at the
base; midrib slender; marginal pair of nerves very short and faint,
second pair curving up to about half the length of the leaf, third pair at
an angle of about 30° with the midrib, curving near the margins to form
an intramarginal nerve rejoining the midrib a little below the tip; other
main nerves none; secondary nerves about 2 pairs; reticulations irregu-
larly netted; petiole -5 in. long, broad, flattened. Umbels few-flowered,
in pairs on tubercular rachises about 15 in. long at the ends of stout

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 591

peduncles -5 in. long; pedicels very short, slender; buds ovoid. Calyx
membranous ; lobes ovate-acute, ‘05 in. long; scales small. Corolla
campanulate ; tube -1 in. long, glabrous on both sides; lobes ‘075 in.
long, thickened, glabrous. Corona of 5 very thin hyaline processes,
about ‘04 in. long from the back of the anthers between the wings,
linear-stalked with orbicular rounded tops and sagittate lobes. Staminal-
column attached to the base of the corolla-tube; filament part short ;
anther-cells parallel ; appendages short, acute; pollen-masses ellipsoid,
on caudicles nearly as long as themselves, which attach them to the
narrowly oblong pollen-carriers; the caudicles curved upwards to a cup-
like oblique mouth, and broadly membranously winged on the inside.
Style-apex short, blunt. Fruit not known.

Perak: at Maxwell’s Hill, 3000 ft., Scortechina 424, 516.

13. DiscHipi4 MonTicoLA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A _ trailing
epiphytic undershrub, rooting at intervals on the trunks and branches
of trees; stems slender, terete; internodes long. Leaves fleshy, thinly
coriaceous when dry; ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate at apex,
rounded or attenuate at base; both surfaces glabrous ; margins slightly
recurved; 1:5 to 35 in. long, ‘75 to 1 in. broad; 5-nerved ; the midrib
slender; outer pair of basal nerves short, reaching about the middle of
the leaf, second pair at an angle of about 20° with the midrib, forming
a looped intramarginal nerve till close to the midrib; main nerves 2 to
3 pairs, short, inconspicuous, joining the midrib to the sinuses of the
looped nerve; reticulations netted, irregular; petiole -25 in. long, some-
what twisted. Umbels few-flowered (?), in pairs on tubercular rachises
‘2 to 3 in. long at the end of a -75 to 1°75 in. long straight lateral
peduncle; pedicels very short, slender; buds ovoid; flowers pale green
(Wray). Calyx membranous; lobes ovate-acute, puberulous without,
‘05 in. long; scales rather large. Corolla campanulate, :125 in. long;
tube glabrous; lobes also glabrous, thickened, scarcely over ‘025 in.
long. Corona of 5 very thin membranous processes, each linear-stalked
with a rounded bluntly sagittate head. Stamznal-column short; anther-
wings broad; anther-cells parallel; appendages very long-acuminate ;
pollen-masses ellipsoid, on cornucopia-shaped caudicles as long as
themselves, which connect them to the slender oblong pollen-carriers.
- Style-apex with a short conical tip. Fruit not known.

PERAK: at camp on Ulu Batang Padong, 4900 feet, Wray 1503; on
Canfield’s Hill, 4000 feet, Scortechint 423, &c.

Scortechini has marked his specimens ‘‘ D. sagittata, Dene.,’”’ but they do not
agree at all well with the descriptions in DC. Prodr. VIII. 631. There are no
specimens of D. sagittata in the Kew Herbarium, but the descriptions give the
leaves as obtuse at apex and attenuate into the petiole at base, which hardly suits

592 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

D. monticola, In the glabrous flowers D. monticola and D. cordifolia come very near
to each other.

14. Discurp1a Scortecuinu, King & Gamble, n. sp. A slender
glabrous creeping epiphytic undershrub, sparingly rooting on and often
pendulous from the trunks and branches of trees; stems terete ; inter-
nodes long, 2 to 4 in. or more. Leaves fleshy, pergamaceous when dry;
ovate-lanceolate, attenuately acuminate at apex, rounded at base;
glabrous on both surfaces; 2 to 2°6 in. long, about °5 in. broad;
3- to 5-nerved; midrib slender, raised beneath, sometimes with a gland
at the base; lowest pair of nerves short and faint; next pair prominent
forming an intramarginal looped nerve -1 to °15 in. from the midrib
nearly or quite to the tip; main nerves about 4 to 5 pairs, leaving the
midrib at nearly right angles, and joining the intramarginal nerve at
the loop-sinuses; reticulations netted; petiole -15 to -20 in. long, rugose.
Umbels few- (5- to 6-) flowered, on short rounded tubercular thick
rachises at the ends of stout axillary -3 in. long peduncles; pedicels
reddish, slender, ‘05 in. long; buds lanceolate-ovoid, -15 to -2 in. long;
flowers white tipped with scarlet. Calyx membranous; lobes ovate-
acute, ‘05 in. long, slightly puberulous without; scales very minute.
Corolla urceolate; tube ovoid, glabrous without, pubescent above
within, 125 in. long; throat gradually contracted; lobes erect, -1 in.
long, thickly villous within, especially in their lower half. Corona of
5 exceedingly thin membranous processes, attached to the backs of the
anther part of the column, each process on a narrow base, soon
spreading into a rounded obtusely sagittate tip. Staminal-colwmn
rather long; filament portion free; anther-wings broad, shining, horny ;
anther-cells parallel, with acuminate, erect, connivent, membranous
appendages; pollen-masses oblong-ellipsoid, attached by slender
caudicles as long as themselves to the very narrow slender pollen-
carriers ; the caudicles cornucopia-shaped, with a narrow membranous
wing on the inside edge. Style-apex long-conical, membranous.
Follicles not known.

Perak: Scortechim 548.

We at first thought that this was D. lanceolata, Dene. (Leptostemma lanceolatum,
Bl. Bijdr. 1057), but in that species the bases of the leaves are markedly attenuate
into the broad fiat petiole, and the venation is more strongly 3- to 5-nerved.

15. DiscuipIA TUBULIFLORA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A slender
creeping epiphytic undershrub, rooting on the trunk and branches of
trees; stems wiry, puberulous. Leaves fleshy, coriaceous when dry ;
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate at apex, rounded at base ;
glabrous on both surfaces, shining above and wrinkled when dry;
margins recurved; -75 to 1:25 in. long, ‘3 to ‘6 in. broad; nerves only

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 593

clear on under-surface when dry; midrib slender, with usually a gland
at the base above; main nerves 3 to 5 pairs, acutely curved to join in a
looped intramarginal nerve; petiole ‘1 to ‘25 in. long, pubescent.
Umbels few-flowered, on a cylindrical tubercular rachis about -25 in.
long at the end of a thick -15 in. long peduncle; buds slender, cylindric-
clavate, reaching 4 to ‘5 in. long. Calyx membranous; lobes ovate-
acute, ‘05 in. long, pubescent without. Corolla tubular, urceolately
inflated below, then contracted in a neck having a small swelling in the
middle; glabrous without, glabrous within, except a densely villous
ring at the swelling; tube ‘3 to ‘4 in. long; lobes linear, erect, -1 to
‘15 in. long, villous within. Corona of 5 exceedingly thin hyaline
processes, which are inserted between the anther-wings, have narrow
stalks, and are broadly rounded above and sagittate below. Stamznal-
column elongated; filament part cylindric, -075 in. long; anther-wings
horny, tailed at base; anther-cells parallel, with long-acuminate erect
connivent appendages; pollen-masses oblong-ellipsoid, on slender
caudicles as long as themselves, and connecting them with the ovoid-
acute pollen-carriers; the caudicles cornucopia-shaped, and having a
hyaline inner margin. Stiyle-apex long, subulate-acuminate. Follicle 1,
slender, curved, 2 in. long, ‘1 in. broad, acuminate at tip; pericarp
thin, striate, glabrous. Seeds minute, linear, 1 in. long, tipped with a
white silky coma; testa thin, pale.
PERAK: Scortechint 256, 465; King’s Collector 2100.

The description is from Scortechini 465, the only specimen with flowers and fruit,
and the only one, consequently, quite certain.

SPECIES OF WHICH LEAVES ONLY KNOWN.

16. Discuip1a DescHampsu, King & Gamble, n. sp. <A twining
apparently epiphytic undershrub, rooting on the stems and branches of
trees ; branches slender, terete. Leaves coriaceous; elliptic or elliptic-
ovate, bluntly acute at apex, somewhat rounded at base; glabrous on
both surfaces and somewhat shining; margins recurved; 1:5 to 3 in.
long, °75 to 1 in. broad; midrib slender, raised beneath when dry;
main nerves about 5 pairs, the lowest pair from the base forming
-a looped intramarginal nerve, which is joined at its sinuses by the
others, which are at an angle of about 70° with the midrib; reticula-
tions irregular, prominent, all raised on both surfaces when dry; petiole
thick, -15 to -25 in. long. Umbels on thickened rachises often -5 to
‘75 in. long, at the ends of stout peduncles about lin. long. Flowers
and Fruit unknown.

SINGAPORE : roadsides, Deschamps.

594 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

29. PycnorHaAcuis, Benth.

A hairy twining undershrub. Leaves opposite. Flowers in reflexed
pairs, spirally disposed round the long fleshy branches of an axillary
racemiform cyme. Calyx 5-partite; scales 5 to 10. Corolla turbinate,
with short tube, deeply 5-fid; lobes valvate, slightly twisted to the left.
Corona-scales 5, spreading at the base of the staminal-column opposite
the anthers. Stamnal-colwmn short, adnate to the middle of the
corolla-tube; anthers erect, with membranous, hyaline appendages ;
pollen-masses 1 in each cell, long, slender, cylindric, waxy, erect,
attached by short caudicles to the pollen-carriers. Ovary of 2 carpels,
sunk in the calyx-tube; style-apex 5-angled, obtusely conical, much
shorter than the anthers. F'rwt of curved, smooth, cylindric, obtuse
follicles. Seeds comose.—DistTRiB. One species only.

Pycnoruacuis Marneayi, Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 63 (1883).
Branches flexuose, hispid with spreading tawny hairs. Leaves oblong-
obovate, abruptly cuspidate-acuminate at apex, narrowly cordate at
base; both surfaces hispidly hairy with bulbous-based hairs, especially
on the nerves; 4 to 6 in. long, 1°5 to 2 in. broad; midrib prominent
beneath ; main nerves 10 to 12 pairs, curving upwards and joined by
prominent transverse reticulations; petiole ‘25 to ‘5 in. long, villous.
Cymes 3 to 6 in. long; peduncle 1 to 2 in. long, thick; branches usually
1 to 3, 3 in. in diam. minutely pubescent flower-pairs on rounded
tubercles; pedicels short ; buds conical, long-acuminate. Calyx minutely
red-hairy without, glabrous within; lobes linear-lanceolate, -1 in. long.
Corolla deep purple; tube very short, thickened, with a fringed annulus ;
lobes about -25 in. long, subulate-lanceolate from a broad base. Corona
of 5 thickened fleshy obtuse processes on the backs of the anthers,
Staminal-column short; appendages long, subulate, hyaline; pollen-
masses clavate, slender, attached by minute caudicles to the bases of
the linear clavate pollen-carriers. Style-apex deeply 5-lobed; the lobes
running up to a rounded apiculus. Jollecles 5 in. long, ‘7 in. broad,
cylindric, curved in sickle-shape; pericarp glabrous. Seeds comose.

Matacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1141.

The description, like that of Fl. Br. Ind., is chiefly taken from the full notes
given in Maingay MS. Vol. IV. 64.

Tribe V.—CEROPEGIER.

Stamens with their filaments connate into a tube, and adnate to the
style-apex at the top. Anthers erect or incumbent over the style-apex;,
with or without appendages. Pollen-contents of each anther-cell
united in a waxy mass; pollen-masses pellucid on the margin or at

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 595
the apex, attached in pairs to the carriers by short caudicles, erect or
horizontal in the cells, never pendulous.

Corona double: outer corolline, of small processes in the sinuses
of the corolla-lobes ; inner staminal, annular; flowers small ;

corolla rotate .. .. 30. Leprapenta.
Corona double, both cients: outer cup- Siheigone inner usually
erect, subulate; flowers rather large ; corolla tubular .. ,31, CrRoPEGtIA.

30. LeprapEntA, R. Br.

Shrubs, twining or erect, and then with stiff much-branched rush-
like stems. Leaves opposite, variable, sometimes absent. lowers small,
in umbellate, lateral, sessile or pedunculate, many-flowered cymes.
Calyx 5-lobed to the middle or further; scales absent. Corolla deeply
5-lobed, rotate or with a short campanulate tube and spreading lobes;
valvate in bud. Corona double; outer corolline, of 5 short transverse
or rounded fleshy processes alternating with the lobes of the corolla at
the sinuses ; inner staminal, of a raised undulate fleshy ring at the base
of the staminal-column. Stanwnal-colunm arising from the tube of the
corolla, to which the filaments are sometimes adnate; anthers incum-
bent on the style-apex, with minute or no appendages; pollen-masses
1 to each anther-cell, suberect or erect, ovoid, with a pellucid apex,
attached in pairs by fleshy caudicles to the pollen-carriers. Ovary of
2 distinct carpels; style-apex conical, with a 5-angled base; tip often bifid.
Frut of usually 1 thick smooth follicle. Seeds small, ovate-oblong,
comose.—DistRis. Five or six species, three being twiners and two
erect shrubs. Four species are found in Central Africa, one extending
through Egypt and Arabia into Western India, one in ee and
one in India and Malaya.

LEpPTaADENIA RETICULATA, W. & A. in Wight Contrib. 47 1s34). A
hoary twining shrub; stems with corky deeply cracked bark; branchlets
terete, glabrous or hoary-puberulous. Leaves thinly coriaceous; sub-
deltoid or ovate or ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, acute at apex,
rounded or cuneate at base; both surfaces pale, glabrous or more or less
finely pubescent ; 1°5 to 3 in. long, °75 to 1:75 in. broad; midrib rather
broad, without basal glands, but sometimes with a minute tuft of hair
-at the base; main nerves 5 to 7 pairs, spreading, faint; reticulations
netted, obscure; petiole :25 to ‘75 in. long. Cymes many-flowered,
hoary-puberulous, shorter than the leaves, often in pairs on the
peduncles; peduncles -25 to ‘75 in. long; bracts minute, clustered at
the thickened bases of the umbels; pedicels slender, up to 5 in. long;
buds globose; flowers greenish-yellow. Calyx rotate-campanulate,
divided to about the middle, pubescent without; lobes oyate-oblong,

14

596 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

‘05 in. long. Corolla rotate, with a short tube; lobes thick, ovate-
lanceolate, -1 in. long, pubescent, and with a small hairy protuberance
on the inner face near the tip. Corona: corolline of 5 fleshy truncate
or acute processes at the sinuses, villous on the back and tips; staminal
of a sometimes obscure, annular, undulate, rmg below the anthers.
Staminal-column adherent below to the corolla-tube ; filaments united,
thin; lower part of anthers thickened, upper part incumbent over the
style-apex; appendages minute: pollen-masses ovoid, reticulate, with a
pellucid apex, attached by moderately long, often elastic, clavate,
pellucid caudicles to the small oblong pollen-carriers. Style-apex 5-rayed,
conical, sometimes bifid. Follicles suabwoody, 2°5 to 3-5 in. long, 75 in.
broad, lanceolate, with a blunt shortly curved beak, keeled on the ventral
surface ; pericarp smooth, pale grey when dry, thick. Seeds narrowly
ovate-obiong, acute, infolded, broadly winged, -25 in. long, ending in a
1 to 1:5 in. long white silky coma; testa thick; cotyledons fleshy ;
embryo small. Wight Ic. t. 350; Wall. Cat. 8197; Dene. in DC.
Prodr. VIII. 628; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 503; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb.
Fl. 152; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 63; Trimen FI. Ceyl. III. 164;
Cooke Fl. Bomb. II. 172. LZ. appendiculata, Dene. l.c.; Mig. l.c.
L. imberbis, Wight Contrib. 48; Wall. Cat.8198; Dene. l.c. L. brevipes,
Wight Cat. 1536. Cynanchum reticulatum, Retz. Obs. II. 15. C. asth-
maticum, Herb. Ham. 766. Secamone canescens, Smith in Rees Cyel.
Asclepias suberosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. Il. 38. Gymmnema aurantiaca, Wall.
MSS.

Srveapore: Lobb 333.—Distris. Northern Western and Southern
India, Burma, Ceylon.

Lobb’s specimen has ovate-lanceolate leaves, acute corolline corona-processes, and

almost no trace of the ring forming the staminal-corona, but otherwise appears to be
the same as the Indian plant.

31. Ceropgeers, Linn.

Perennial herbs, erect or twining. ootstock a tuber or a fascicle
of thick fleshy roots. Leaves opposite, sometimes minute or 0.
Flowers usually moderate-sized or large, of various often singular
forms, solitary, in pairs or in umbellate or racemose cymes, lateral,
rarely terminal. Calyx 5-partite, with 5 glandular scales within.
Corolla tubular, usually more or less inflated at the base, straight or
curved, 5-lobed; the lobes free or more or less connate at their tips,
valvate in bud. Corona eae arising from the staminal-column ;
outer cup-shaped, entire or 5- to 10-toothed, or of 5 bifid lobes more or
less adnate to the inner corona-lobes and often appearing to form one

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 597

series with them, or reduced to minute pouches alternating with the
stamens ; inner of 5 short or long processes opposite the anthers and
incumbent on them or erect, dorsally adnate at their base to the cup of
the outer corona or laterally to its lobes, when the corona appears to be
formed of 5 lobes with a tooth on each side at their base. Stamenal
column arising a little above the base of the corolla, short and, with the
corona, included in its inflated basal part; anthers erect, ascending or in-
cumbent on the top of the style-apex, without appendages; pollen-masses
erect, ascending or subhorizontal, 1 in each anther-cell, subsessile on, or
attached in pairs by short caudicles to, the pollen-carriers. Ovary of
2 carpels; style-apex truncate or shortly conical, not exserted. Fruit
of 1 or 2 lanceolate or linear-fusiform, acuminate, smooth follicles.
Seeds comose.—Distris. A large genus of 80 or more species, found in
Africa, India, Malaya and Tropical Australia.

CErROPEGIA LucIDA, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. II. 33, t. 139 (1831), and
Cat. 8133. A twining shrub, with irregularly fascicled fibrous roots;
branchlets glabrous, smooth, more or less angular when dry. Leaves
fleshy when green, membranous when dry; ovate- or oblong-lanceolate,
acuminate at apex, acute or somewhat obtuse at base; glabrous on both
surfaces; 4 to 7 in. long, 1:5 to 3 in. broad; midrib slender; main
nerves 6 to 7 pairs, obscure, acutely curving upwards; reticulations
irregular, scarcely visible; petiole ‘5 to 1:5 in. long. Cymes up to 3 in.
long, 1 to 3 together at the nodes; peduncles reddish, stout, 1 to 2 in.
long, bearing umbellate racemes with a -25 to ‘5 in. long thickened
rachis, and with white rounded glands and linear-subulate bracts; pedicels
slender, ‘5 in. long; flowers green, spotted with purple in the tube and
with purple-brown tips to the lobes. Calyx very deeply cleft; lobes
linear-subulate, slender, recurved, -4 to ‘5 in. long; glandular scales
rather large, ovate, flat. Corolla 1:5 to 2 in. long, curved, glabrous
without, also within, except at the base of the tube, which is sparsely
villous ; tube scarcely inflated below, broadly funnel-shaped below the
lobes; lobes lanceolate, at first spreading, afterwards inflexed and
connate at the dilated long-ciliate tips. | Corona-processes: outer
10-lobed, lobes short, triangular, long-ciliate; inner linear-spathulate,
connivent at the tips. Stamenal-column short; pollen-masses nearly
- globose, subsessile on the clavate pollen-carriers. Style-apex 5-angled ;
apiculus conical. Fruit not seen. Wight Contrib. 33; Dene. in DC.
Prodr. VIII. 641; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 73. -

PenancG: at Penara Bukit, 1000 ft., Curtis 1007.—Distris. India
(Silhet and Cachar), Burma.

598 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Family LXXVII. LOGANIACEA.

Trees, shrubs or herbs, sometimes climbers. Leaves opposite,
rarely ternate, simple; stipules various or absent. lowers herm-
aphrodite or, by abortion, subdicecious, in terminal or axillary, simple or
compound, cymes; the cymes sometimes subcapitate or reduced to
solitary flowers. Calyx small, inferior, its limb imbricately 4- or
5-toothed or -lobed. Corolla tubular, funnel-shaped or campanulate ;
limb with 4 or 5 lobes or teeth, imbricate, valvate or contorted. Stamens
4 or 5, inserted on the corolla-tube, alternate with the lobes; anthers
2-celled, their dehiscence introrse, longitudinal, rarely 1-celled, divaricate,
with confluent tips. Carpels 2, connate into a free 2-celled ovary;
ovules 1 or more in each cell; placentas on the septum or basal at the
inner angle; style simple; stigma capitate, 2-fid or 2-partite. Fruit
a septicidal capsule or a berry, 1- to many-seeded. Seeds various:
albumen fleshy or cartilaginous; embryo straight—Duistris. About
450 species; tropical and sub-tropical.

Ovary with many.ovules in each cell (Tribe I. KuLocanrEx) :—
Herbs ; corolla valvate ; capsule didymous :-—
Cymes 2- or 3-chotomous; flowers 5-merous .. -. 1. Mirrrona.
Flowers solitary or clustered, 4-merous a .. 2. MIrrRasacmMe.
Shrubs (often scandent) or trees :—
Fruit dehiscent, capsular, 2-celled :-—

Corolla-lobes imbricate a be -. o. BUDDLETA.

Corolla-lobes valvate .. Ae nt .. 4. NopRisra.
Fruit indehiscent :—

Corolla-lobes contorted in xstivation 5. Facrma.

Corolla-lobes valvate in estivation 6. STRYCHNOS.

Ovary with a single ovule in each cell (Tribe II]. GarRTNERIEZ) 7. GAERTNERA.

1. Mrrreoza, Linn.

Herbs with opposite membranous leaves and small or membranous
stipules. Cymes 2- to 3-chotomous, terminal, or peduncled and axillary.
Flowers small, white, often secund on the ultimate branches of the
cymes. Sepals lanceolate. Corolla urn-shaped, with 5 small valvate
lobes. Stamens 5, included. Ovary 2-celled; styles 2, short, at first
connate and crowned by the small hairy stigma, ultimately divergent ;
ovules many in each cell, attached to peltate placentas. Capsule
obovoid, laterally compressed, truncate or 2-horned ; carpels dehiscing
by separating from above downwards from each side of the septum.
Seeds numerous, minute, globose or elongate; albumen fleshy; embryo
linear.—DistRis. Species 4; 2 of them American, 2 Asiatic.

1. MiTREOLA OLDENLANDIOIDES, Wall. Cat. 4850 (1829). Annual,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 599

erect, 6 to 18 in. high. Leaves linear-lanceolate, narrowed at both ends,
nearly glabrous, about 2 in. long and ‘75 in. broad; petiole 25 in. long.
Cymes 2 to 6 in. long, often numerous, terminal and axillary, dicho-
tomous; bracts lanceolate, less than ‘lin. long. Flowers subsessile,
under 1 in. long; capsules 2-horned, secund. Seeds twice as long as
broad, trigonous. A. DC. Prodr. IX. 9; Hook. Ic. Plant. 827; Miq.
Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 360; Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soe. I. 91; Clarke in
Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 79. M. paniculata, Wall. Cat. 4349; Wight
Ic. 600 (inaccurate); A. DC. lc. M. mconspicua, Zoll. et Mor. Vers.
(1845 to 1846) 55.

Said to occur in Kedah, but no specimen seen.—Distris. Andaman
Islands, Burma, Central Provinces of British India, Malay Archipelago,
Australia.

2. Mirrasacme, Labill.

Small herbs, with opposite leaves and stipules forming a minute
sheath. Flowers small, white, terminal or axillary, solitary, clustered
or in irregular umbels. Calyx campanulate, 4-fid. Corolla urceolate,
with 4 valvate or reduplicate sometimes spreading lobes. Stamens 4,
included; filaments rather short, adnate to the tube; anthers ovate
with cordate bases, connective often produced beyond the apex of the
parallel cells. Ovary 2-celled; styles 2, connate, separating from the
base upwards, finally divergent; stigma capitate or two-lobed; ovules
many in each cell, on peltate placentas. Capsule subglobose, laterally
subcompressed, truncate, or somewhat 2-horned, dehiscing by the
separation from above downwards of the carpels from the septum on
each side. Seeds numerous, minute, subglobose; testa smooth, reticu-
lated; albumen fleshy; embryo straight.—Distris. 28 species, in
Eastern Asia, New Zealand, Australia.

MirraAsAcME potymMorpHA, R. Br. Prod. Nov. Holl. I. 452 (1810). An
erect annual herb, 3 to 9 in. high, often with a long erect branch from the
uppermost leaf-axil. Stem slender, glabrous except for a few slender hairs
in the leafy part. Leaves sessile, oblong, blunt, confined to the lower
inch or two of the stem, glabrous, -2 to ‘3 in. long, and about ‘05 in.
broad. Umbels terminal, or at the ends of the scanty branches, few-
flowered, very lax; pedicels much longer than the flowers, slender,
unequal, glabrous. Flowers ‘15 in. long. Calyx with 4 spreading,
triangular, acute lobes. Corolla twice as long as the calyx; throat
hairy. Capsule subglobular, glabrous, about 1 in. across. A. DC. Prodr.
IX. 10; Benth. Fl. Austral. TV. 353; Solereder in Engl. & Prantl
Naturl. Pflanzenfam. TV. 2, 35, Fig. 18a-c. WM. capillaris, Wall. in
Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. I. 420, and Cat. 4348; Don Prodr.

600 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Fl. Nep. 129; A. DC. l.c. 11; Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. I. 92; Mig.
Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 362. MM. trimervis, Spanoghe in Linnea XV. 335
(1841); A. DC. l.c. 560. M. malaccensts, Wight. Ie. 1601. Lannophila
campanuloides, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 3908.

Mauacca: Goodenough 669. — Distris. Northern and Central
India, Burma, Malay Archipelago, China, Australia.

3. BuppuEtIA, Linn.

Trees, shrubs, or herbs. Leaves opposite, entire or crenate, united
by a stipular line. Cymes in dense globose or corymbiform cymes,
axillary or ina terminal thyrsoid panicle. Calyx campanulate, 4-merous.
Corolla urn-shaped ; lobes 4, imbricate in bud. Stamens 4, adnate to
the corolla-tube; anthers subsessile, ovate or oblong, with cordate or
2-lobed bases; cells parallel. Ovary 2-celled; style linear, clavate ;
ovules numerous in each cell; stigma terminal or decurrent on two
sides. Fruit a septicidally 2-valved capsule ; the valves entire or bifid.
Seeds many, oblong or fusiform; testa usually lax, or expanded into a
wing or tail; albumen fleshy; embryo straight.—Disrris. About
100 species; tropical and subtropical regions of the Old World.

Under surfaces of leaves, young branches, and inflorescence

with minute yellowish pubescence .. .. iL. B. asiatica.
Under surfaces of leaves, young branches, and jnfloreseanes
densely rusty-tomentose .. Se < .. 2. B. madagascariensis.

1. Buppuzia asiatica, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 72 (1790). <A shrub,
3 to 6 ft. high (sometimes as much as 15 ft.) ; young branches thicker
than a crowquill, covered, like the branches of the inflorescence,
with a subdeciduous, minute yellowish pubescence. Leaves opposite,
membranous; oblong-lanceolate, the apex much acuminate, the base
usually much narrowed; edges entire or with minute distant teeth ;
upper surface dark when dry, glabrous except the puberulous depressed
midrib ; lower surface pale yellowish-brown, minutely pubescent ; main
nerves 5 to 7 pairs, curving abruptly upwards and interarching rather
far from the edge, thin but prominent like the midrib on the lower
surface, obscure on the upper; length 2°5 to 6 in., breadth -6 to 1:5 in.;
petiole ‘1 to -35 in. long. Inflorescence terminal, consisting of numerous
3-flowered sessile cymules, arranged in spikes to form a few-branched
lax panicle, 5 to 9 in. long. Flowers ‘15 in. long, on very short
pedicels. Calyx half as long as the corolla, pubescent externally ; lobes
erect, acuminate. Corolla glaberulous, lobes blunt. Ovary narrowly
oblong, tapering to the apex; stigma large, capitate, corrugated.
Capsule ‘2 in. long. Benth. in DC. Prodr. X. 446; Bot. Mag. t. 6323 ;
Brandis For. Fl. 318; Kurz For. Fl. II. 250; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 601

II. 363 ; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 82. B. Neemda, Ham.
in Wall. Cat. 6401; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey and Wall. I. 411;
Reichenb. Ic. Bot. Exot. 21. B. discolor, Roth Nov. Spec. 83; Wight
Ill. 1658, and Ic. 894. B. salicina, Lamk. Ill. I. 291. B. acwmina-
tissima, Blume Bijdr. 743. B. subserrata, Don Prodr. Fl. Nep. 92.
B. virgata, Blanco Fl. Filip. 57. B. serratula, Roth l. c. 82.

In all the Provinces ; common.

2. BUDDLEIA MADAGASCARIENSIS, Lamk. Encyce. I. 513 (1783). A
slender creeper, 60 to 80 ft. long; young branches half as thick as a crow-
quill, covered, like the under surfaces of the leaves the inflorescence and
the outer surface of the calyx, with dense pale brown tomentum. Leaves
coriaceous ; elliptic-lanceolate, the apex shortly acuminate, the base
cuneate ; upper surface very dark when dry, glabrous, reticulate; main
nerves about 8 pairs, spreading, slightly prominent on the lower
surface and depressed on the upper; length 2 to 3°5 in.; breadth ‘6 to
lin.; petiole 3 to ‘din. Inflorescence a terminal, often leafy, thyrsoid
panicle, 8 to 12 in. long, with numerous diverging branches from 1 to
2 in. long (shorter near the apex), bearing pedunculate few-flowered
umbellate cymules; bracteoles at base of branches linear, about °d in.
long. Flowers orange, °4 in. long, sessile, on very short pedicels. Calyx
obovoid-ellipsoid ; teeth short, blunt; tube glabrous within. Corolla
salver-shaped; lobes of the limb blunt, short, reflexed, glabrescent; tube
cylindric, -35 in. long, cottony without, sparsely hairy inside like the
narrowly oblong ovary. Anthers sessile near the mouth of the corolla-tube.
Capsule globular, -35 in. in diam. ; pericarp thick, scaly, dark-coloured.
Lamk. Ill I. t. 69, fig. 3; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X. 447; Bot. Mag. 2824.

Prenane: Hullett 121; Murton 4; Ridley 7049; King’s Collector
1340. Perak: King’s Collector 5201; Matacca: Maingay (K.D.)
1033/2; Wallich 6402. A native of Madagascar, but in some spots
within our area almost naturalised.

4. Norrisia, Gardn.

A shrub; the young parts pubescent. Leaves opposite; petioles
dilated at the base and subconnate. Flowers small, yellow. Calyx
~ small, 5-lobed. Corolla with narrow cylindric tube; the limb with
5 small, ovate, valvate lobes. Stamens 5, inserted on the corolla-throat;
filaments slender; anthers ovate. Ovary 2-celled; style filiform ;
stigma capitate; ovules numerous in each cell. Capsule oblong, septi-
_ eidally 2-valved, carpophore finally free. Seeds numerous; testa lax,
4 to 6 times as long as the linear caudate nucleus; albumen fleshy;
embryo straight or curved.—Distris. Two species: both Malayan.

602 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Flowers *25 in. long; capsules -15 in. long oe .. 1. N. malaccensis.
Flowers *35 in. long; capsules -25 in. long 5c .. 2. N. major.

1. NorrisiA MALACCENSIS, Gardn. in Hook. Kew Journ. I. 327 (i
part) (1849). <A tree; young branches much thinner than a goosequill,
terete, deciduously fulvous-puberulous and with many lenticels, dark
brown when dry. Leaves thinly coriaceous; ovate or elliptic, acute at
each end; upper surface brown, glabrous, shining; the lower rather
pale olivaceous, glabrous except the deciduously puberulous midrib and
nerves (uniformly puberulous in var.); main nerves 4 to 6 pairs,
ascending, curved, prominent like the midrib on the lower surface,
indistinct on the upper; length 1:5 to 2:5 in., breadth -85 to 1:26 in. ;
petiole -25 in. Cymes as in N. major, but smaller, and the flowers only
‘25 in. long, and the ripe capsules rather less than ‘15 in. long. Clarke
in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 85 (2 part).

Mauacea: Griffith (K.D.) 3731 (in part); Maingay (K.D.) 1023 ;
Goodenough 1382; Derry 1035.

Var. pubescens, King & Gamble. Under surfaces of leaves uniformly
pubescent.

PERAK: Scortechini 634; King’s Collector 10535.

2. NorRisiA Magor, Solereder in Engl. & Prantl. Naturl. Pflanzenfam.
TY. 2, 37 (1892). A tree; young branches thinner than a goosequill, terete,
deciduously fulvous-puberulous, black when dry. Leaves thinly coria-
ceous; elliptic or oblong-elliptic, acute, the base cuneate; both surfaces
olivaceous-brown when dry, the lower reticulate, both glabrous except
the fulvous-puberulous midrib and nerves on the inner surface; main
nerves 5 to 7 pairs, stout, oblique, little-curved, deciduously fulvous-
puberulous like the midrib on the lower surface; length 2°75 to 3-26 in.,
breadth 1:5 to ‘25 in.; petiole :2 to:25 in. long. Cymes in dense, corym-
bose, terminal, pedunculate panicles, their branches fulvous-tomentose ;
bracts linear, about :2 in. long or less. Flowers sessile or subsessile,
minutely bracteolate, -35 in. long. Calyx minute, cupular, 5-toothed.
Corolla with a cylindric tube slightly dilated near the base, densely
pubescent outside; the mouth with 5 linear-oblong, blunt, much
recurved lobes, glabrous inside; filaments much exserted; anthers
broadly ovate. Capsule :25 in. long and about -15 in. in diam.,
ellipsoid, pubescent. Seeds with a much elongate wing at each end.
N. malaccensis, Gardn. in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. I. 327; Clarke in
Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 85 (in part). Antoma Griffithu, Wight Il.
II. t. 156s.

‘Perak: King’s Collector 7845, 10882. Matacca: Griffith; Maingay
(K.D.) 1024; Rzdley 1382. Sincapore: fidley 6828.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 603

5. Facraa, Thunb.

Trees or shrubs, often epiphytic, sometimes scandent. Leaves
opposite, entire (crenulate in J’. crenulata) ; petioles dilated at the base
or united by a stipulary sheath. Cymes terminal or axillary, corymbose
racemose or paniculate; bracts small. lowers large or small, white
or yellowish, rarely pink. Calyx deeply 5-fid; its lobes thick, broad,
much imbricate. Corolla-tube narrow or funnel-shaped, sometimes much
elongate; lobes of its limb broad, twisted to the left in bud. Stamens 5;
anthers oblong, on slender filaments. Ovary 2-celled, or 1-celled above ;
style filiform; stigma capitate; ovules numerous in each cell. Berry
1- to 2-celled. Seeds numerous, immersed in pulp; testa crustaceous ;
albumen horny; embryo small, straight—Disrris. About 50 species,
in India, China, Japan, Malaya, Australia and the Pacific Islands.

Cymes few-flowered, solitary, sessile or nearly so :—
Flowers 3 to 6 in. long :— $
Corolla salver-shaped, its tube narrowly cylindric, very
little dilated at the throat :—
Tube of corolla nearly 3 in. long and only about ‘1 in.

in diam. ; limb less than 1 in. across a .. 1. F. tubulosa.

Tube of corolla 4in. long and -35in. in diam.; limb more

than 2 in. across nb ne .. 2. F. carnosa.
Corolla funnel-shaped from near the base :—

Corolla 5 or 6 in. long = ts .. 3. F. auriculata.

Corolla 3°5in.long .. oe ave .. 4. F. Curtisii.

Flowers 1°25 to 2°5 in. long :—

Limb of corolla 1:5 in. across ; stamens only slightly exserted :—
Corolla-lobes oblong, blunt; fruit elliptic-ovoid; leaves
3°5 to 5 in. long and 1:5 to 2°25 in. broad ..
Corolla-lobes rotund-oblong ; fruit globose, crowned by the
remains of a stout style; eee 2°5 to 4:0 in. long and
1 to 1-75in. broad .. , 6. EF. lanceolata.

Limb of corolla about °75 in. across; Netawieis Hitch Sete 7. F. Wallichiana.

Cymes few-flowered but numerous, arranged in long, usually
pedunculate, sometimes interrupted, terminal racemes :—
Flowers 2 in. long; corolla widely funnel-shaped ; its limb

or
hy

. obovata.

S

1-5 in. across .. 8. F. Maingayi.
Flowers 1 to 1:20 in. long; ees wel fepnet creed the
limb ‘75 to ‘9 in. across .. -. 9. F. racemosa.

_ Cyme solitary, on the apex of a short: slduder,! tormnandl or
axillary peduncle; flowers 1-15 in. long; corolla narrowly funnel-
shaped; its limb about :75in. across .. se -- 10. F, ligustrina.
Cymes spreading, corymbose, many-flowered :—
Flowers 1°5 to 2 in. long; stamens slightly exserted :—
Leaves crenulate, 7 to 12 in. long; flowers 1‘5in. long .. 11. F. crenulata.
Leaves entire, 5 to 9 in. long; flowers 2 in. long .. 12. F. vaginata.
Flowers °5 in. long; stamens much exserted nee tae .. 13. F. fragrans.

604 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Species Imprrrectty Known.

Leaves broadly obovate, very coriaceous; fruit 2 in. or
more in length, ovoid, apiculate .. .. 14. F. Ridleyi.
Leaves elliptic-oblong, thin when dry; fruit narrowly
ovoid, tapered to’ the base, crowned by the remains of the
thick style .. #8 ap He .. 15. F. oblonga.

1. Facraa TuBULOSA, Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I. 167 (1850). A
straggling, glabrous, climbing shrub; branches half as thick as a goose-
quill, terete, pale, sending out rootlets at intervals on the bark of trees.
Leaves thinly coriaceous; oblong-elliptic, shortly abruptly acuminate,
the base cuneate; both surfaces pale yellowish-green, and dull when
dry; main nerves 5 or 6 pairs, inconspicuous on both surfaces; midrib
conspicuous ; length 4 to 8 in., breadth 1:75 to 2°5 in.; petiole °8 to
lin. long. Flowers about 3 in. long, sessile, 3 or 4 aoe in a sessile
glomerulus at the apex of a branch, with a subcampanulate bract,
‘15 in. long, at the base of each. Calyx -4 in. long, fleshy, tubular; the
mouth with 5 short, broad, imbricate teeth. Corolla 3 in. long, salver-
shaped; the tube slender, cylindric, very slightly wider at the throat,
‘1 in. in diam.; limb divided to its base into 5 oblong-oblanceolate
lobes -46 in. long. Stamens attached near the mouth of the tube and
slightly exserted beyond it. Ovary narrowly ellipsoid, tapering into a
glabrous style about as long as the corolla; stigma capitate. Fruct
unknown. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 373.

Perak: Scortechini 1839; King’s Collector 5748; at Bujong Malacca,
fiidley 9738.—Distris. Bangka, Sumatra.

2. Facr#A CARNOSA, Jack in Mal. Mise. IT. n. 7, 81 (1822). Epiphytal,
glabrous; young branches as thick as a swan’s quill, smooth, pale brown
when dry. Leaves coriaceous; elliptic, sometimes subobovate or sub-
rotund, the apex rounded or subtruncate, mucronate; edges recurved ;
upper surface when dry somewhat olivaceous, the lower dull brown ;
main nerves invisible on either surface; midrib pro on the lower,
depressed on the upper surface; length 3 to 4:5in.; breadth 2 to 2:5 in.
petiole -4 to ‘5 in. long, swollen at the base. alee fleshy, about 6 in.
long, solitary or in pairs, terminal, with 2 or more short, woody, pointed
bracteoles at their bases, sessile or subsessile. Calyx narrowly cam-
panulate, nearly 1 in. long; its tube very short; the limb with 5 oblong,
blunt, suberect lobes: Corolla-twbe 4 in. long, cylindric, ‘35 in. in diam.
at the middle, slightly wider towards the mouth; limb campanulate,
about 1:25 in. across, with 5 broadly oblong, blunt, spreading lobes.
Stamens subsessile near the apex of the tube, included. Style slightly
longer than the tube. Frwt the size of a small hen’s egg, but narrower
and more tapering to the apex. DC. Prodr. IX. 30; Benth. in Journ.

Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula. 605

Linn. Soc. IX. 97; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 374; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl.
Br. Ind. IV. 82.

Perak: Scortechinit ; Wray 2317; King’s Collector 5349, 7296, 8452 ;
~ Ridley 10297.—Diste1w. Burma.

3. FaGr#A AuRICULATA, Jack in Mal. Misc. IT. n. 7, 82 (1822). A
elabrous shrub; young branches about ‘5 in. in diam., pale. Leaves
thickly coriaceous; oblong-oblanceolate or -obovate; apex subacute or
acute, narrowed from about the middle to the stout petiole; both
surfaces pale yellowish-brown when dry; main nerves 6 to 8 pairs,
spreading, slightly curved, rather conspicuous on the lower surface,
invisible on the upper; midrib broad, bold on both surfaces; length 6
to 12in.; breadth 2°35 to 4 in.; petiole -6 to 1:25 in. long, with 2
rotund, reflexed, stipule-like auricles at the base, ‘5 to ‘75 in. across.
Flowers thickly coriaceous in all their parts, 5 or 6 in. long, in terminal
cymes of about 3; their pedicels about as thick as a goosequill, minutely
adpressed, pubescent, *75 to 1:5 in. long, and bearing near the base of
the flower one or two pairs of triangular, one-ribbed, appressed, large
bracteoles. Calyx ellipsoid, nearly 2 in. long, deeply divided into 6
imbriecate elliptic or oblong blunt lobes. Corolla with a cylindric tube
about 1 in. long and °5 in. in diam. (when dry); the limb funnel-shaped,
3 to 4 in. long, with 5 deep, oblong, blunt lobes. Stamens 5, included ;
the filaments attached to the base of the limb by thickened bases ;
anthers -65 in. long, oblong, deeply bifid at the base the filaments
attached by their attenuate apices at the upper end of the notch. Ovary
narrowly ellipsoid, glabrous; style stout, 4 in. long; stigma peltate.
Frwut narrowly ellipsoid, blunt, glabrous, 2°25 in. or more in length
when dry. Wall. Cat. 1596; Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall.
II. 34 and 573; Pl. As. Rar. III. 15, t.229; Blume Bijdr. 1020, and Rumph.
Hier C erodr ex<cs29 Mig 7 aly Ind! Bat. 10.371 Clarke m:
Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 838. #F. awricularia, Benth. in Journ. Linn.
Soc. I. 98; Kurz For. Fl. Il. 204. FF. amperzalis, Miq. in Ann. Mus.
Bot. Lugd.-Bat. IT. 226, t. 5. Wallughbera awriculata, Spreng. Syst.
cure post. 71.

Common in all the Provinces.—Distris. Malay Archipelago.

4, Facr@a Curtisi, King & Gamble, n.sp. A low spreading tree ;
_ young branches as thick as a swan’s quill, grey, striate when dry. Leaves
very coriaceous; elliptic or slightly obovate, the apex shortly and
bluntly acuminate, the base cuneate; both surfaces glabrous, olivaceous
when dry; the midrib prominent on the lower surface, faint on the upper,
nerves obsolete in both; length 4 to 8-5 in., breadth 2-25 to 3 in.; petiole
‘5 to ‘75 in. long, stout, sheathing at the base. Flowers 3:5 in. long, ter-
minal, in pairs; their pedicels stout, compressed, about ‘5 in. long, bearing

606 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

2 pairs of broadly ovate, acute, fleshy bracteoles. Calyx -7 to ‘9 in. long,
very coriaceous, narrowly campanulate, cut one-third of the way down
into 5 rounded lobes. Corolla thickly coriaceous, 3°25 in. long, funnel-
shaped; tube 1:75 in. long, much widened towards the mouth; limb
spreading, with 5 deep broadly elliptic lobes, with obtusely, minutely,
and bluntly apiculate apices. Stamens slightly exserted; anthers ob-
long, blunt. Fruit unknown.

Kepaxu: in Langkawi Island, Curtes 1676.

5. Fagraia OBOVATA, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. IT., 33
(1824). Scandent, glabrous, epiphytic; young branches nearly as thick as
a goosequill, brown when dry. Leaves coriaceous; oblong-oblanceolate to
elliptic sometimes obovate, the apex abruptly and shortly acuminate
or mucronate, the base cuneate; both surfaces brown when dry, the
upper tinged olivaceous; main nerves almost invisible; midrib very
prominent on the lower surface, less so on the upper; length 3°d (rarely
2°5 in.) to 5 in., breadth 1:5 to 2°25 in. (rarely only 1 in.); petiole -6 to
1 in. long, swollen at the base. lowers 2 to 2°25 in. long, sessile or’ on
peduncles -3 in. long, in small terminal sessile cymes of 4 or 5; the
cymes with 2 thick oblong bracts at their bases. Calyx 5 to :75 in. long,
‘4 in. wide, tubular with 2 thick triangular bracteoles at the base; lobes -
of limb ovate-elliptic or subrotund, obtuse. Corolla funnel-shaped, 1:8
to 2:15 in. long; the tube ‘75 in. long, narrowly cylindric below, wider
upwards ; limb 1°5 in. wide, deeply cut into 5 oblong, blunt, spreading
lobes ; filaments slender, attached near the apex of the tube, shorter
than the corolla-lobes; anthers included, oblong, deeply cleft at the
base. Ovary elliptic; style slightly shorter than the anthers; stigma
capitate. Fruat elliptic-ovoid, smooth, shining, crowned by the short
remains of the style, 15 m. long. Wall. Cat. 1595; Blume Bijdr. 1021,
and Rumph. II. t. 75; DC. Prodr. IX. 29; Bot. Mag. t. 4205; Griff,
Notul. IV. 35, and Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 382; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 369 ;
Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 88; Kurz For. Fl. I]. 205. F’. erassz-
folia, Blume Rumph. II. 78, fig. 1, and Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I. 166;
Thwaites Enum. 200; Mig. l.c. 373; Wall. Cat. 1602. F'. malabarica and |
F. obovato-javana, Blame Rumph. II. 29, t. 75, and Mus. Bot. J. c. 164;
Wight Ic. 1317. F. Blwmet, Steud.; DC. l.c. 30. FF. coromandelana,
Wight Ic. 1316; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 224. FF. celebsca, Blume Mus. Bot.
l.c. 167. F'. globosa, Wall. Cat. 1598; DC. l.c. 29. Wrallughbera
obovata, Spreng. Syst. cwre post. 71.

Kepan: Curtes. PrEnana: Curtes 246, 2432, 30138. Prrax: Wray
1139, 2115, 2248, 2426, 2714, 3075, 4181, 4269; Scortechine 202, 758 ;
King’s Collector 3122, 4024, 4878, 5748, 6214, 6438, 7553, 7578, 8855,
10109, 10634, 10776. Manacoa: Griffith (K.D.) 3737; Maingay (K.D.)

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 607

1028, 1030, 1031; Derry 1012. Jonors: Redley 6312—Disrrizn. Malay
Archipelago, British India.

Following Mr. Clarke in Hooker’s ‘Flora of British India,’ we have reduced to
F. obovata, Wall., not only the forms which have received specific names as aboye
quoted, but also those found in British India, there being no constant characters that
we can discover to separate them. Some of the specimens from India have, however,
longer flowers, and the main nerves of their leaves are more distinct than in the majority
of Malayan specimens.

6. FaGR#A LANCEOLATA, Blume Bijdr. 1021 (1826). Scandent, 30 to
40 ft. long, glabrous; young branches about as thick as a goosequill, the
nodes close together, cinereous when dry. Leaves coriaceous; oblong-
oblanceolate, subacute, the base much narrowed; both surfaces very
dark cinereous when dry; main nerves invisible; midrib bold on the
lower surface, faint on the upper; length 2°5 to 4:5 in., breadth 1 to
1-75 in.; petiole 35 to Sin. long. lowers terminal, pedunculate, solitary
or in pairs or in threes; their peduncles subclavate, about 3 in. long,
bibracteolate at the apex, and sometimes with larger bracts at the base.
Calyx 5 in. long, obconic, 5-lobed; the lobes coriaceous, fleshy below,
rounded, with membranous margins. Corolla 3 in. long, funnel-shaped,
the lobes of the limb spreading, oblong-rotund. Stamens 5, exserted.
Anthers oblong, obtuse, dorsifixed; filaments slender. Ovary ovoid ;
style filiform. Frwt obovoid, globose, smooth, shining, nearly 1:5 in.
in diam., crowned by a short stout fragment of the style; the calyx at
its base with 5 subrotund lobes -45 in. broad and with broad scarious
edges. Blume Rumph. II. 31, t. 77, and Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I. 167;
Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 376.

Perak: Wray 3202; King’s Collector 6848.—Distrip. Java.

7. Hacra@a WALLICHIANA, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. I. 98 (1857). A
tree ?; young branches half as thick as a goosequill, pale brown when dry,
glabrous ; the leaf-scars close together and prominent. Leaves coria-
ceous; narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, apex acute or shortly acumi-
nate, the base much narrowed and forming narrow wings to the petiole;
both surfaces glabrous, the upper greenish when dry, the lower brown ;
main nerves 4 or 5 pairs, curving upwards and forming wide arches
‘1 to 15 in. from the edge, rather distinct on the lower surface when dry,
invisible on the upper; midrib conspicuous on the lower surface; length
2°25 to 3 in., breadth ‘6 to 1:1in.; petiole 3 to ‘6 in. long, winged in its
upper part. Flowers (excluding the stamens) 1 to 1:25 in. long, pedicel-
late, 3 to 5 together in pedunculate lax cymes from the apex and upper
leaf-axils; bracteoles few, minute; peduncles about 1 in. long; pedicels
about °6 in. Calyx clavate, about 5 in. long; the teeth 5, minute.
Corolla salver-shaped, 1 in. long; the tube cylindric, slender, becoming

608 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

wider towards the campanulate limb; limb ‘65 in. in diam., its 5 lobes
oblong, obtuse, spreading. Stamens 5, their slender filaments inserted
near the apex of the tube and exserted ‘75 in. beyond its lobes. Anthers
(ovate ?). Ovary narrowly ellipsoid, tapering to the filiform long-ex-
serted style 2 to 25 in. long; stigma narrow. Fruit ellipsoid, slightly
tapered each end, shining, ‘5 in. long. YF. lanceolata, Wall. Cat. 1599
(not of Blume); Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 85. Cyrtophyllum ?
lanceolatum, DC. Prodr. IX. 31.

Penance: Curtis 375. Perak: King’s Collector 4851. Matacca:
Maingay (K.D.) 1029.

8. Facr#a Marneayt, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 84 (1883).
A glabrous tree, 40 to 50 ft. high; young branches as thick as a swan’s
quill. Leaves large, very coriaceous; oblong to elliptic-oblong, blunt,
obtusely apiculate, the base rounded, the edges when dry recurved;
upper surface pale or brownish-olivaceous, the lower brown when dry,
both dull; main nerves 5 to 8 pairs, stout but faint on both surfaces ;
midrib stout on the lower surface, faint on the upper; length 7 to
10 in., breadth 2°75 to 4 in.; petiole -5 to 9 in. long, stout, slightly dilated
at the base. Cymes few-flowered, subsessile, mixed with some solitary
flowers in a terminal, elongate, pedunculate raceme, with a rachis as
thick as a goose-quill and 3 to 6 in. long; its peduncle 2 to 3 in. long.
Flowers 2 in. long, solitary or in shortly pedunculate cymes of 2 or 3;
pedicels ‘5 in. long, with 2 pairs of broadly ovate-acute bracteoles at
their bases. Calyx subglobular or ellipsoid, about -d in. long, cleft
nearly to the base into 5 rotund-ovate lobes with scarious margins.
Corolla funnel-shaped, 1°75 in. long; the tube -2 in. in diam. at the base,
but gradually expanding upwards; the limb 1°6 in. wide, its lobes 5,
broad, blunt. Stamens 5, included. Ovary narrowly ellipsoid, much
attenuate upwards; style slender; stigma turbinate, lobed, included.
Fruit unknown.

Perak: King’s Collector 8671. Matacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1033 ;
Derry 573.

9. FaGR#A RACEMOSA, Jack in Roxb. FI. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. IT. 35
(1824). A glabrous bush or small tree, 12 to 25 ft. high; young branches
from half as thick to as thick as a goosequill, pale when dry, and some-
times angled. Leaves large, coriaceous; elliptic or oblong-elliptic to
elliptic-rotund, apex blunt but terminated by a short abrupt acute apiculus
less than -5 in. long, base cuneate or rounded; both surfaces yellowish-
olivaceous when dry, the lower paler; main nerves 5 to 7 pairs, spread-
ing, curving upwards and interarching, ‘1 to -25 in. from the edge;
midrib very prominent on the lower surface, less so on the upper ;
length 5 to 10 in., breadth 3 to 6in.; petiole -4 to ’8 in. long expanded at

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 609

the base. Flowers fleshy, 1 to 1:25 in. long, on thick pedicels arranged
in small sessile cymclets crowded in a terminal, pedunculate, sometimes
interrupted, raceme, from 1:5 to 6 in. long; peduncle of the raceme 1:5
to 4 in. long; pedicels of the individual flowers ‘2 to 25 in. long, bear-
ing at their bases several broad, short, bracteoles. Calyx obovoid, :25 to
‘35 in. long, cleft half-way into 5 broad subrotund lobes. Corolla ‘85 in.
to 1 in. long, widely funnel-shaped; the limb ‘75 to ‘9 in. across,
divided into 5 blunt oblong spreading lobes ‘25 in. long; tube only
‘2 to ‘3 in. long, abruptly expanding at the throat. Stamens 5, included;
the filaments slender. Anthers broadly elliptic, marginate, deeply cleft
at the base. Ovary narrowly elliptic; style much thicker than and
about as long as the filaments; stigma capitate. rut ellipsoid,
smooth, ‘5 in. long. DC. Prodr. IX. 29; Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soe.
1.99; Kurz For. Fl. IT. 205; Benth. Fl. Austral. IV. 367; Clarke in
Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 84. F. coarctata, Blume Rumph. II. 33, and
Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1.170. F. volubstls, Jack in Roxb. l.c. 86; DC. l.c.
30; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Il. 367. F'. morindefolka, Blame Rumph. II. 32,
t. 73, fig. 2, and t. 79, and Mus. Bot. J.c. 169; DC. l.c. 29; Clarke J. c.
F’. appendiculata, F. cuspidata, F’. robusta, Blame Mus. Bot. l. c. 169,
170. #. Thwartes, F. Muell. Fragm. Phyt. Austral. I]. 1387. Kuhha
morindefolia, Reinw. in Blume Bijdr.777. Kentia morindefolia, Steud:
Nomenel. Bot. ed. 2, I. 845. Utania morindefolia, G. Don Gen. Hist.
Dichl. Pl. IV. 663. Wallughbeia racemosa, Spreng. Syst. cure post. 71.

In all the provinces: very common.—Distris. Malayan Archipelago,
Burma.

Var. pauciflora, King & Gamble. Leaves thinly coriaceous; raceme
lax, its rachis slender. Flowers solitary or in 2- to 3-flowered cymes,
not crowded.

Perak: Wray 1960; King’s Collector 707, 1926, 3016, 3242;
Scortechim 112. Sinegarore: Ardley 6315, 8917.—Disrris. Sumatra
(Forbes 1927), Java.

10. Facra@a Licustrina, Blume Rumph. II. 33 (1836). A shrub, all
parts glabrous ; young branches twice as thick as a crowquill, terete,
pale yellowish-brown when dry. Leaves coriaceous ; elliptic to elliptic-
oblong, apex shortly and rather bluntly acuminate, base cuneate; both

surfaces pale yellowish-brown when dry; main nerves about 4 pairs,
spreading at first, then ascending to form wide arches ‘15 to -2 in. from
the edge, slightly conspicuous on the lower surface, very faint on
the upper; midrib stout on the lower surface, slightly channelled on
the upper; length 3 to 3:75 in., breadth 1 to 2 in.; petiole :25 to 3 in.
long. Flowers 1:15 in. long, on thick pedicels less than -1 in. long,
5 to 10 together in simple or shortly branched terminal or axillary

610 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

pedunculate cymes. Calyx fleshy, :15 in. long, pyriform; the mouth
with 5 shallow very broad imbricate lobes faintly ciliate at the apex.
Corolla slightly exceeding 1 in. in length; the tube narrowly cylindric
below, expanding upwards into the narrowly campanulate broadly
5-lobed limb *75 in. wide. Stamens 5, slightly exserted; filaments
inserted at the base of the limb, broad, membranous at the edges.
Anthers narrowly oblong, blunt, the base deeply auriculate. Ovary
narrowly ellipsoid, tapering into a style as long as the stamens; stigma
narrow. frwit clavate, apiculate, smooth, -6 in. long (unripe). Blume
Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I. 171; Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soe. I. 100; Clarke
in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 85.

StncaporE: Rzdley 1650, 2783, 8453; Lobb.

11. Fagr#a crenubata, Maing. ex Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind.
IV. 83 (1883). A tree (or a climber ?), all parts glabrous; young
branches °75 in. thick, the older with prominent leaf-scars close together,
yellowish-brown. Leaves coriaceous; broadly obovate-rotund, with no
petiole, but abruptly narrowed above the base and embracing the
branch; both surfaces dark brown when dry; the edges minutely
crenate ; main nerves 4 or 5 pairs, spreading, prominent on the lower
surface, slightly depressed on the upper; length 7 to 12 in., breadth
5:5 to 8 in. at the broadest part, but 1 in. or less at the contracted part
above the attachment to the branch. lowers coriaceous, 1-5 in. long,
on short thick pedicels or sessile, arranged in terminal pedunculate
compound trichotomous cymes with divaricating 4-angled branches ;
peduncle of cyme compressed, 1 to 3 in. long, with 2 spreading thick
concave bracts at its apex. Calyx ‘35 in. long, campanulate, cut half-
way down into 5 unequal broad blunt suberect lobes. Corolla 1-25 in.
long, clavate in bud, funnel-shaped ; the tube narrowly cylindric, -2 in.
long; the limb funnel-shaped, cut a quarter of its length into 5 blunt
lobes. Stamens 5, included; filaments attached to the mouth of the
tube; anthers oblong, deeply bifid at the base, the cells parallel.
Ovary glabrous, ellipsoid-conic, tapering into the thin exserted style;
stigma obconic. Frwit ellipsoid (unripe 75 in. long).

Knane: Ridley 9552. Perak: Scortechint 1642. Matacca: Mazin-
gay (K.D.) 1032; Radley 1284. Smnancor: Fidley 7552.

12. Facrma vacinaTa, King & Gamble, n. sp. A large glabrous
shrub or small tree, sometimes apparently a climber; young branches
from ‘25 to ‘35 in. in diam., yellowish-cinereous when dry and somewhat
4-angled. Leaves thickly coriaceous; elliptic to obovate-elliptic, blunt
or slightly apiculate, much narrowed at the base; upper surface olivace-
ous, the lower brown when dry; main nerves 5 or 6 pairs, curved,
spreading, very prominent on the lower surface, faint on the upper ;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 611

midrib very stout on the lower surface, much more slender on the
upper; length 5 to 9 in., breadth 2°75 to 4 in.; petiole about 1 in.
long, expanding into a sheath at the base. Flowers 2 in. long, collected
in lax terminal cymose corymbs, 4 in. long, and about as much in
breadth; the branches 1:25 to 1°75 in. long, each bearing an umbellate
3-flowered cyme ; lower bracts linear-oblong, blunt, 1 in. long, the
upper only ‘15 in. long; pedicels about -5 in. long, bibracteolate at the
apex. Calyx ‘8 or ‘9 in. long, narrowly tubular in its lower part, the
upper much wider; the mouth with 5 broad, blunt, erect lobes, ‘2 in.
long. Corolla 1-5in. long; its tube ‘5 in. long; the limb widely funnel-
shaped, with:5 broad, blunt, spreading lobes. Stamens 5; filaments
attached to the mouth of the tube, shorter than the corolla-limb,
attached to the oblong anthers at the apex of their deep basal notch ;
anthers -2 in. long. Ovary ovoid, apiculate; style much shorter than
the corolla; stigma conical. rut ovoid-conic, crowned by the short
style, glabrous, shining, 1-75 in. long.

Perak: Wray 1084, 1992; King’s Collector 3868, 4041, 4238, 6605,
10124; Scortechint 817. Srnancor: Aidley 7607.— Distrip. Java,
Anderson 289 ; Forbes 827.

Named from its sheathing petioles; allied to I’. obovata, Wall.

13. FAGRHA FRAGRANS, Roxb. FI. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. IT. 32 (1824).
A tree, 100 to 150 ft. high, all parts glabrous; young branches much
thinner than a goose-quill, shining, yellowish-brown when dry, the
nodes close together. Leaves thinly coriaceous, small; oblanceolate
to elliptic, the apex shortly and abruptly acuminate, the base much
narrowed; the edges (when dry) slightly waved and recurved; both
surfaces olivaceous-brown when dry, the lower the darker, subglandular ;
main nerves 9 to 8 pairs, subhorizontal, faint on both surfaces; midrib
prominent on both, but especially on the lower surface; length 2°25 to
4in.; petiole ‘3 to ‘6 in. long. Cymes axillary or terminal, much branched,
pedunculate, corymbose, 20- to 30-flowered. lowers -5 in. long (ex-
cluding the much exserted stamens and style). Calyx under :1 in.
length, campanulate, with 5 rounded lobes. Corolla salver-shaped,
‘) in. long, its tube narrow; limb with 5 somewhat unequal, ob-
long, blunt, spreading lobes. Stamens exserted for more than ‘6 in. ;
anthers elliptic; filaments slender. Ovary ovoid, glabrous ; style longer
than the stamens. Frwit subglobose, reddish, -3 in. indiam. Roxb. FI.
Ind. I. 461; Wall. Cat. 1597; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 375; Kurz For. FI.
II. 205; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 85. F. peregrina, Blume
Rumph. II. ¢.80; Field. and Gardn. Sert. t.6. Cyrtophyllwm fragrans, DC.
Prodr, IX. 31. C. peregrinum, Reinw.; Blume Bijdr. 1022; DC. 1. c.

15

612 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

PenanG: Curtis 314. Perak: Low 180; Scortechina 993, 2045;
King’s Collector 6073, 6175. Matacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1026; Griffith
(K.D.) 3735; Derry 53, 272. Srinaapore: Schomburgk 38; Ridley
8921; G. King.—Distris. Malay Archipelago.

Species IMPERFECTLY Known.

14. Facr#a Ripueyi, King & Gamble, n. sp. LEpiphytal, quite
glabrous ; young branches as thick or nearly twice as thick as a swan’s
quill, brown when dry. Leaves thickly coriaceous; obovate, the apex
broad and rounded, much tapered to the base; both surfaces pale
yellowish-brown when dry; main nerves 5 pairs, ascending, rather
straight, very stout and prominent.on the lower surface like the broad
midrib; length 5 to 9 in., breadth 3-5 to 6 in.; petiole 1 to 1:5 in.
long, very stout, expanded at the base. Flowers unknown. Fruit 2 in.
or more in length and 1:25 in. in diam. (when dry), in terminal cymes,
ovoid, apiculate, shining; the calyx at its base 1 in. long, campanulate,
with 5 broad rotund lobes, coriaceous.

Manacca: on Mount Ophir, Ridley, 3785. Stnearore: Rzdley
2767, 5845, 11363.

15. FacRr#A oBLONGA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small tree (or
epiphyte?) ; young branches about as thick as a goose-quill, the inter-
nodes short; when dry brownish and shining. Leaves thinly
coriaceous; elliptic-oblong, the apex shortly and rather abruptly
acuminate, the base cuneate; edge slightly reflexed; both surfaces
shining when dry, pale, the upper olivaceous, the lower tinged with
yellow; midrib prominent on both, but especially on the lower sur-
face; main nerves invisible; length 5 to 11 in., breadth 1-75 to 2°75 in. ;
petiole -75 to 15 in. long. Flowers unknown. Fruit narrowly ovoid,
tapered to the base, shining, crowned by the remains of the thick style,
2 in. long and about 1-25 in. in diam.

Perak: at elevations of about 3500 ft., Scortechin ; King’s Col-
lector 5430, 8445; Wray 2992; Ridley 5558.

6. Strycunos, Linn.

Trees or scandent shrubs, usually with short, axillary, clavate tendrils.
Leaves opposite, with 3 to 5 or more ribs starting at or a little above
the base; other nerves less conspicuous. Flowers usually white or
yellowish, in terminal or axillary, usually corymbosely paniculate, cymes ;
bracts and bracteoles small. Calyx small, 5- or 4-partite. Corolla
hypocrateriform or campanulate; lobes 5 or 4, valvate. Stamens 5 or
4, inserted at the throat of the corolla-tube or below it; filaments
short, filiform; anthers ovate or oblong, with distinct parallel cells.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 613

Ovary 2-celled (or 1-celled in the upper part); ovules many in each cell ;
style long or short; stigma capitate or obscurely 2-lobed. Fruit a
berry, usually globose, indehiscent, with a hardened pericarp. Seeds
many, or by abortion 1 to 2 only, immersed in pulp, variously com-
pressed, or if solitary globose; the hilum ventral; albumen usually
copious, generally horny; embryo short, with flattened, foliaceous
cotyledons and short terete radicle—Disrris. Tropical and subtropical
regions of both hemispheres; species about 100.

In describing the characteristic leaves of this genus, we have distinguished
between the prominent ‘‘ribs”’ and the less conspicuous ‘‘ nerves.”’

Corolla-tube shorter than the lobes; berry usually small; seeds

very few :—
Corolla-tube scarcely any, at most -025 in. long, tawny-villous
within; leaveselliptic .. fe ao .. 1. S. Maingayi.

Corolla-tube about ‘05 to -1 in. long :—
Corolla-lobes about :15 to 2 in.; stamens eee inserted
at the top of the tube; leaves eaate 2. S. Curtisit.
Corolla-lobes about :075in.; stamens villous, inserted at te
middle of the tube; leaves elliptic-ovate or -oblong se BL Se Umpuinae
Corolla-tube equal to or nearly equal to the lobes ; berry small;
seeds few :—
Corolla-tube and lobes together less than -125 in. long; leaves
chartaceous ; ovary rounded, glabrous :—
Corolla-tube and lobes glabrous on both sides; stamens in-
serted a little above the base of the tube; leaves glabrous,
brown when dry $8 2c sc .. 4. S. ovalifolia.
Corolla-tube and lobes sparsely villous without, tube
elabrous and lobes slightly villous within; stamens inserted
at the throat of the tube; leaves aes yellowish-green
when dry
Corolla-tube and lobes aiabroies on both aie but epee
within with a dense tuft of bristles at the base; stamens
inserted at about two-thirds of tube; leaves softly

Or
~R

. flavescens.

pubescent 50) (ib So HG
Corolla-tube and lobes 195 to :25 in. Nigae. eaves more or
less coriaceous : —
Stamens inserted at the top of the tube :—
Ovary glabrous; corolla-lobes within furnished with a
dense tuft of bristles at the base; leaves 3- to 5-ribbed .. 7. S. malaccensis.
Ovary villous; corolla-lobes within villous-tufted ; leaves
5- to T-ribbed ae ah .. 8. S. septemnervis

Stamens inserted at the middle of the tube :—
Lobes of corolla glabrous within behind a dense tuft of
bristles ; leaves usually 5-ribbed, more or less pubescent 9. S. pubescens.
Lobes of corolla villous within behind a dense tuft of
bristles ; leaves 3-ribbed, nearly or quite glabrous -. 10. S. Ridley.

614 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Corolla-tube much longer than the lobes :—
Corolla-tube nearly 25 in. long; lobes :1 in. long; stamens
inserted at top of tube; berry large, many-seeded; leaves
glabrous, rather small _ .. Ae Pe .. ll. S. Tieuté.

1. Srryvcunos Marneayi, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 88
(1883). A stout climbing shrub; branches rough, brown; branchlets
somewhat angular, nearly black, densely studded with white prominent
lenticels; nodes swollen and marked by a prominent raised ring; tendrils
puberulous, in pairs, about 1 in. long, circinate, thickened upwards, sup-
ported by 2 small acute stipules on a ‘5 to 1 in. long stalk, each pair
replacing a leaf near the ends of the branchlets. Leaves coriaceous ;
elliptic, acuminate atapex, rounded at base; glabrous on both surfaces,
olivaceous-brown when dry; 3 to 6 in. long, 1:25 to 3 in. broad; 3- to
5-ribbed ; midrib stout, pale beneath and much raised, impressed above ;
inner pair of side ribs from close above the base, curved upwards,
parallel to the margin and looped in the upper half; outside of them
and close to the margin a second pair, more or less inconspicuous, also
intramarginal and looped; main nerves 6 to 8 pairs, commencing from
the midrib about half-way up, very rarely opposite, straight or nearly
so to join the principal pair of ribs at the loop sinuses; secondary
nerves few, branching; reticulations irregular, prominent; petiole 15 to
°25 in. long, channelled above. Cymes axillary, sessile, paniculate,
reaching 4 in. in length, much branched, the branches short, the
rachis angular, pubescent; bracteoles ovate-acute, ciliate, ‘05 to -1 in.
long; flowers extremely numerous, very small; buds obovoid, rounded
at tip. Calyx very small; tube short; lobes spreading, ovate-acute,
ciliate, ‘03 in. long. Corolla-tube very short, about ‘025 in. long,
glabrous without, long tawny-villous within; lobes linear-oblong, ‘1 to
125 in. long, reflexed in flower. Stamens inserted near top of tube,
nearly as long as corolla-lobes; filaments slender, villous; anthers
‘04 to -05 in. long, ovate, densely long-villous-hairy. Ovary rounded,
glabrous; style slender; stigma capitate. Berry globose, about 5d to
1 in. in diam.; endocarp smooth, black when dry. Seeds few, flattened,
orbicular, °5 in. in diam.; testa coriaceous; cotyledons cordate, 3- to 5-
nerved ; radicle short, stout.

Penane: Curtis 3667. Perak: Scortechina 1026; Wray 2009,
3112, 4279; King’s Collector 6291, 8190. Manacca: Maingay (K.D.)
1041, 1042. Sinearore: Lidley 5045.

2. StRycHNos Curtisi1, King & Gamble, n. sp. A large climbing
shrub, the stems reaching 6 in. in diam.; branchlets pale brown, dull,
somewhat angular, dotted with prominent white lenticels which are
often elongate, uppermost pubescent ; nodes swollen and with a pale

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 615

pubescent ring; tendrils none (or not known!). Leaves coriaceous ;
ovate or ovate-oblong, rounded or slightly acute or shortly acuminate
at apex, rounded or truncate or almost cordate at base; glabrous on
both surfaces and olivaceous-brown when dry ; 2°5 to 4 in. long, 1:5 to
2 in. broad; 3- to 5-ribbed; midrib stout, faintly impressed above,
raised beneath; inner pair of ribs from about 15 in. above the base,
conspicuous, gradually curved to the apex, the upper one-half to one-
third only looped; outer pair faint, intramarginal, looped and joined to
the inner by cross nerves; main nerves about 6 pairs, arched;
secondary nerves many, similar to but fainter than main nerves;
reticulations irregular; petiole °3 to ‘d in. long, black when dry,
puberulous. Cymes axillary, sessile, corymbose, many-flowered,
3-chotomous, sparsely pubescent, reaching 2 to 2°5 in. in length and
about 1-5 in. in breadth; rachises somewhat angled ; primary branches
‘) to ‘75 in. long, successive ones shorter; pedicels 05 in. long ; bracts
lanceolate-acuminate, tawny-pubescent, -1 to 15 in. long, each pair
clasping the rachis; bracteoles minute, pubescent, usually 1 or 2 to each
pedicel; buds oblong, ‘15 in. long, ribbed, puberulous; flowers pale green
with a yellowish centre. Calyx small, pubescent; tube short; lobes
rounded, ciliate, 05 in. long. Corolla-tube -06 in. long, one-third of the
length of the lobes (18 in.), glabrous within; lobes oblong-spathulate,
thick, densely tawny-villous inside. Stamens inserted on the top of the
tube ; filaments slender, glabrous, ‘1 in. long; anthers oblong, obtuse,
not villous. Ovary rounded, pubescent; style slender, pubescent, -1 to
‘125 in. long; stigma capitate, often bifid. Berry not known.

PENANG: on Government Hill, Curtes 2973. Perak: Gunong
Bubu, at 1500 to 2000 ft., Kzng’s Collector 7702; Ulu Bubong, King’s
Collector 10281, 10438.

3. STRYCHNOS LAURINA, Wall. Cat. 1591 (1828). A stout climbing
shrub; branches somewhat angular, with pale yellowish-brown shining
bark; lenticels pale, often elongate; nodes swollen ; tendrils puberulous
at tip only, in pairs, about 1 to 1:5 in. long, circinate, thickened up-
wards, supported by 2 small acute stipules, on a ‘75 in. long stalk, each
pair replacing a leaf near the ends of the branchlets. Leaves sub-
coriaceous, elliptic-ovate or -oblong, acuminate at apex, rounded at
base; glabrous on both surfaces; 3 to 6 in. long, 1:25 to 2°5 in. broad ;
3-ribbed from a little above the base; midrib stout, pale beneath and
raised, impressed above, as are the 2 inner ribs, which curve somewhat
acutely upwards to the apex, not or only slightly looped above half-
way up; outside them and close to the margin another pair more or
less inconspicuous, making an intramarginal looped nerve; main nerves
faint, 6 to,8 pairs, rarely opposite, straight from the midrib to join the

616 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

principal pair of ribs at the loop sinuses; secondary nerves few, branch-
ing ; reticulations many, in an elegant network, inconspicuous ; petiole
‘2 to ‘3 in. long, channelled above. Cymes pubescent, in rather short
axillary sessile corymbs, or in elongate terminal panicles reaching 5 in.
in length; rachises angular; bracteoles ovate-acute, ciliate; flowers very
numerous, the buds obovoid. Calyx very small; tube short; lobes
ovate-obtuse, ciliate, ‘03 to ‘05 in. long. Corolla-tube -075 in. long,
glabrous without and at the base within, upper part within and lobes
densely long tawny-villous; lobes ‘075 to ‘1 in. long. Stamens inserted at
the middle of the tube; filaments slender, villous, ‘05 in. long; anthers
as long, sparsely retrorse-villous at the base. Ovary rounded, villous,
tapering into a conical style; stigma capitate. Berry globose, ‘d to 1 in.
in diam.; endocarp slightly rough and spotted. Seeds 1 to 2, orbicular,
flattened on one surface, convex on the other; testa coriaceous. A. DC.
Prodr. IX. 18; Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soe. I. 102; Kurz For. Fl. IT. 166;
Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 88 (excl. var.).

Mauacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1035. Panane: Ridley 2161.—DisrR1p.
India (Cachar, Burma, Griffith 3727, 3729).

Wray 1236 from ‘lower camp, Gunong Batu Pateh,’’ Perak, is also probably this
species, but the leaves are rather thinner and more lanceolate. So, too, probably, are

Scortechini 295 and King’s Collector 7193, which haye very quadrangular branchlets
and large leaves; but the specimens are too incomplete for certainty.

4. STRYCHNOS OVALIFOLIA, Wall. Cat. 1592 (1828). A large climbing
shrub; branchlets slender, terete, with dark brown shining bark; lenticels
few; nodes swollen and with a faint raised line; tendrils none (or not
known!). Leaves chartaceous; ovate-lanceolate or -elliptic, acuminate at
apex, cuneate at base; glabrous on both surfaces, 3 todin. long, 1-5to 2°din.
broad, brown when dry; 3- to 5-ribbed; midrib rather slender, slightly
impressed above, raised beneath, as are the 2 inner ribs which start from
‘2 to ‘4 in. above the base and are curved acutely upwards to the apex,
looped only in the upper half; outside them and close to the margin
another pair more or less conspicuous, with a marginal looped nerve ;
main nerves 4 to 5 pairs, faint, straight from the midrib to join the
principal pair at the loop sinuses; secondary nerves many ; reticula-
tions irregular, fairly prominent; petiole slender, ‘25 to ‘5 in. long,
Cymes axillary, paniculate, reaching about 2 in. in length, few-flowered ;
rachis angular, pubescent ; bracteoles ovate-acute, ciliate ; buds obovoid,
short. Calyx very small; lobes ovate-obtuse, pubescent, ciliate, ‘05 in.
long. Corolla-tube 06 in. long, glabrous, as are the lobes on both
sides; lobes as long as tube. Stamens inserted a little above the base
of the tube; filaments slender; anthers elongate, apiculate. Ovary
rounded, glabrous, gradually contracted into the slender style; stigma

Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula. 617

capitate. Berry globose, about ‘75 in. in diam.; endocarp thin, smooth.
Seeds 1 to 3, oblong-orbicular, ‘8 by ‘5 in., flat, the margin undulate ;
testa crustaceous ; cotyledons cordate. A. DC. Prodr. TX. 13: Benth.
in Journ. Linn. Soc. I. 103. S. lawrina, Wall., Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br.
Ind. IV. 88 (partly).

Penane: Wallich 1592; Curtis 3044, 3468. Perak: King’s Collector
4865. Manacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1037.

5. STRYCHNOS FLAVESCENS, King & Gamble, n. sp. A large climbing
shrub; branchlets slender, stiff, somewhat angular, with pale grey bark;
nodes swollen; tendrils none (or not known). Leaves chartaceous;
elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, acute or acuminate at apex, attenuate or
occasionally truncate or cordate at base; both surfaces glabrous, light
yellowish green; 3 to 5 in. long, 1:5 to 2°75 in. broad; 3- to 5-ribbed
from close above the base; midrib strong, somewhat impressed above,
as is the inner pair of ribs which start at an angle of about 30° and
curve upwards to the apex, faintly looped only near the top; outer
pair of ribs quite inconspicuous, close to the margin and regularly
looped; main nerves many, irregular, arched, only from 3 to 6 pairs
joming the sinuses of the loops of the inner pair of ribs to the
midrib; secondary nerves many ; reticulations in an elegant network ;
petiole -3 in. long, channelled above. Cymes terminal, corymbose,
minutely yellow-puberulous, reaching 4 in. in length and diam. ;
peduncle about 1 in. long; rachis angular; bracts linear or lanceolate,
often leafy ; bracteoles ovate-acute, enclosing the very short pedicels ;
buds globose; flowers minute, pale green. Calyx campanulate; tube
short ; lobes rounded, ciliate, -05 in. long, glabrous within. Corolla-tube
cylindric, ‘05 in. long, glabrous within; lobes 4 or 5, as long as tube,
sparsely villous without, more thickly so within. Stamens inserted on
the throat of the tube; filaments extremely short; anthers ovate-acute,
not villous, ‘025 in. long. Ovary globose, glabrous; style very short ;
stigma punctate. Berry obovoid, about 1 in. long, °d in. in diam. ; peri-
carp very thin, greenish, smooth. Seeds 2, inner face flattened, outer
convex, ‘6 in. long, °5 in. broad.

PENANG: at Waterfall, Curtis 3430, 3667. Perak: at Larut, Scorte-
_ cham 1498 + King’s Collector 4998. Matacca: at Ayer Panas, Curtis 3490.

6. StrycHNos RuFA, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 89 (1883).
A climbing (?) shrub; branches pale brown, smooth, lenticellate; branch-
lets slender, patently rufous-pubescent, slightly angular; nodes somewhat
swollen ; tendrils none (so far as known). Leaves chartaceous; elliptic or
elliptic-ovate, acute at apex, cuneate or rounded or subcordate at base ;
upper surface sparsely pubescent or glabrate, lower surface softly rufous-
pubescent ; 2-5 to 4:5 in. long, 1:5 to 2in. broad; 3- to 5-ribbed; midrib rather

618 Flora of the Malayan Pennsula.

stout; inner pair of ribs more slender from a short distance only above the
base, at about 40° with the midrib, slightly looped above; outer pair incon-
spicuous, much looped; main nerves 3 to 4 pairs, joining the midrib and
side nerves and nearly straight; secondary nerves many, arched ; reticu-
lations fairly conspicuous ; petiole ‘15 in. long. Cymes small, axillary,
scarcely reaching ‘d in. long, ‘75 in. broad; sessile, rufous-pubescent ;
branches trichotomous ; pedicels slender, :1 in. long; bracteoles linear,
small; buds small, oblong. Calyx very small; lobes ovate, acute,
05 in. long. Corolla-tube campanulate, ‘06 in. long, glabrous within,
puberulous without; lobes a little shorter than tube, also glabrous
within, but with a thick white tuft of bristly hairs at the base of each.
Stamens inserted at about two-thirds of the height of the tube;
filaments very short; anthers ovate, apiculate, retrorsely villous-hairy
below. Ovary globose, glabrous; style very short; stigma capitate. Berry
globose or oblong, ‘5 to 1:25 in. in diam., few-seeded; pericarp thick. Seeds
ovate-oblong, compressed, °75 in. long by ‘5 in. broad; albumen thin.

PERAK: at Tapa and Relan Tujor, Wray 1334, 4033; at Campar,
firdley 9698 ; King’s Collector 3973, 6199, 10187. Matacca: Maingay
(K.D.) 10384. Srnancor: at Kwala Lumpor, Curtis 2398.

We have felt a little doubt about this species, which is merely represented by one
fruiting specimen in the Kew Herbarium; but believe the identifications to be correct.
The flowers are described from Curtis’s specimen, the fruits from Maingay’s and
Wray’s 1334.

7. STRYCHNOS MALACCENSIS, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. I. 101
(1857). A climbing shrub; branchlets dark brown, terete, puberulous ;
nodes slightly swollen; tendrils pubescent, single or in pairs, reaching
1 to 2 in. in length, circinate, thickened upwards but again reduced at
the tip, each replacing a leaf at the ends of the branchlets. Leaves sub-
coriaceous ; ovate or elliptic-ovate, acute at apex, cuneate to rounded at
base; glabrous on both surfaces, except in young leaves and on the
midrib beneath; 2 to 4 in. long, 1:5 to 2 in. broad; 3- to 5-ribbed ;
midrib slender, impressed above; inner pair of ribs from about ‘5 in.
above the base, starting at an angle of about 30° with the midrib, curving
upwards to the apex, looped in the upper third; outer pair intra-
marginal, slender, looped; main nerves about 5 pairs, straight from the
midrib to the inner ribs; reticulations many, in an elegant network ;
petiole 2 to ‘3 in. long, slender. Cymes axillary, corymbose, reaching 1
in. long and broad, fulvous-pubescent ; peduncles ‘3 in. long; bracteoles
very small; pedicels slender; flowers small, greyish-white; buds obovoid.
Calyx very small; tube short; lobes ovate, acute, ciliate, puberulous,
‘05 in. long. Corolla-tube campanulate, ‘06 to ‘07 in. long, minutely

Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula. 619

pubescent in the upper part within or nearly glabrous, puberulous
without; lobes as long as or a little shorter than tube, with a dense tuft
of pale bristles at the base within, otherwise glabrous. Stamens
inserted at the top of the tube; filaments very short; anthers ovoid,
‘03 in. long, densely hairy, especially with retrorse hairs at the base.
Ovary conoidal, glabrous, gradually attenuated into a rather thick style
‘05 in. long; stigma capitate. Berry ovoid, 1 in. long by °75 in. in
diam.; pericarp of two layers, outer pergamaceous, shining, thin, inner
hard, woody. Seed 1, oblong; albumen horny, copious; cotyledons
ovate-acute, strongly nerved, ‘1 in. long; radicle thick. Mig. FI. Ind.
ees A a OSOs Clarke ine, look.) tale won. nds) LV. 89:
S. Gauthierana, Pierre MS. in Herb. Kew.

Prenane: Curtis 1515; King’s Collector 1539. Mauacca: Griffith
(K.D.) 3724.—Distris. Burma (Tenasserim or Andamans, Helfer 3724;
Tavoy, Shackh Mokim 336), Cambodia.

8. STRYCHNOS SEPTEMNERVIS, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 88
(1883). A climbing shrub; branches stout, obscurely angled, pale
brown, sparsely lenticellate, swollen at the nodes and prominently
ringed; tendrils none (or not known!). Leaves coriaceous; elliptic,
shortly acuminate at apex, attenuate at base, glabrous on both surfaces;
2°5 to 45 in. long, 1:5 to 2°5 in. broad; 5- to 7-ribbed; midrib stout,
more or less raised on both surfaces ; inner pair of ribs from about -25 in.
above the base, strong, acutely angled (about 10° at first) with the mid-
rib and curving upwards to the apex, looped in the upper half, next
pair much less conspicuous; outer pair faint or absent; main nerves
many pairs, arched between the midrib and first side ribs; reticula-
tions strong, prominent on both surfaces; petiole -3 to -4 in. long.
Cymes axillary, sessile, many-flowered, reaching 4 in. in length but
usually shorter, rusty-pubescent ; rachis somewhat angled ; bracts
small, ovate, acute, ciliate; flowers rather large; buds oblong-ob-
ovoid. Calyx very small; lobes ovate, acute or obtuse, ciliate, -05 in.
long. Corolla-tube campanulate, -15 in. long, glabrous without, pube-
scent within in upper part and with villous tufts at the throat ;
lobes -1 in. long, recurved, pubescent within. Stamens inserted at

the top of the tube; filaments short, villous, 025 in. long; anthers
— oblong, apiculate, -05 in. long, exsert, villous. Ovary conical, villous,
gradually narrowed into a ‘15 in. long exsert style, villous below;
stigma capitate or obsoletely lobed. Berry rather small, reaching
‘) in. in length, ovoid; pericarp smooth, crustaceous, thin. Seed 1,
- flat, round.

Penang: at Penara Bukit, Curtes 1021. Matacca: Maingay
(K.D.) 1036.

620 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

9. STRYCHNOS PUBESCENS, Clarke in Hook.f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 89
(1883). A large climbing shrub; branchlets rather slender, tawny-pube-
scent, brown, somewhat striate; nodes swollen, with a ring; tendrils
single, circinate, tawny-pubescent, enlarged upwards, 1 to 1°d in. long,
each replacing a leaf in end branchlets or occasionally axillary. Leaves
yellow when dry, subcoriaceous; ovate, acute at apex, rounded or some-
times attenuate at base, sometimes cordate on ultimate branchlets; upper
surface glabrous or puberulous, lower glabrescent when old, pubescent
when young; | to 3-5 in. long, ‘75 to 2:25 in. broad ; 3- to 5-ribbed, midrib
and ribs conspicuous, strongly impressed above; inner pair of ribs from
about °3 to ‘6 in. above the base, starting at about 30°, outer pair at about
45° with the midrib starting from close to the base ; main nerves joining
them to the midrib arched, about 6 pairs; reticulations obscure; petiole
‘L to 2 in. long. Cymes small, axillary and subterminal, dense, up to
‘75 in. in diam., tawny-puberulous to pubescent; bracts lanceolate,
small; pedicels short, with 2 bracteoles; buds oblong; flowers white.
Calyx very small; lobes rounded, ciliate, 04 in. long. Corolla-tube a
little longer than the lobes, cylindric, minutely puberulous without, gla-
brous within; lobes glabrous within, but each with a dense tuft of white
bristles at its base; tube and lobes together -125 in. long. Stamens in-
serted on the middle of the tube, sessile or with minute filaments; anthers
ovate, °025in. long, apiculate, retrorsely sparsely hairy at base only. Ovary
glabrous; style very short; stigma capitate. Berry globose, ‘3 to ‘6 in.
in diam.; pericarp thin, crustaceous. Seeds 1 to 2, flat or concave on
one surface, convex on the other, ‘5 in. long by ‘4 in. broad.

Penance: Curtis 970, 3649. Prrax: at Lartt, Scortechint 1485; at
Relan Tujor, Wray 1916; at Thaipeng, Wray 3048; at Selama, Wray
4278; at Lartt, King’s Collector 2441, 3623, 6276, 6477. Manacca:
Maingay (K.D.) 1040; Curtis 3494. Necri Sempinan: at Perhentian
Tinggi, Ridley 10089. Srneapore: at Bukit Timah, Ridley 6317.

Scortechini, in his notes on his No. 1858, says he thinks that that specimen ‘‘ shows
some differences from S. pubescens which may amount to specific distinction; the
flowers being pedicellate, the apex of the anthers obtuse, and the style long.”” No. 1858
is clearly the very last part of a long climbing branch, and such parts often differ a

good deal from the more typical parts, so that we are doubtful of its being capable of
separation, and prefer to call it :—

Var. Scortechinn, King & Gamble. Leaves ovate, acute at apex,
rounded at base or almost cordate, densely, softly rusty-tomentose on
the lower surface; ribs 3 to 5, starting close to the base. Cymes small,
axillary. Stamens inserted above the middle of the tube of the corolla,
not apiculate. Style longer than in type. Berry oblong.

Perak: at Dambung Batak, Scortechim 1858.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 621

10. StrycHnos Ripueyi, King & Gamble, n.sp. <A climbing shrub;
branchlets slender, terete, nearly black when dry, uppermost only
sparsely pubescent; nodes slightly swollen, with a pale line; tendrils
single, much circinate, much enlarged upwards, nearly 2 in. long.
Leaves subcoriaceous, nearly black when dry; ovate or ovate-lanceolate,
acute at apex, attenuate or rounded at base; glabrous on both surfaces
except for faint tufts in the rib-axils beneath; 1:5 to 3-25 in. long, 1 to
1-75 in. broad; 3- to 5-ribbed, midrib strong, impressed above; inner
pair of ribs more slender, from ‘1 to °2 in. above the base, starting at an
angle of about 30° with the midrib, curving upwards to the apex and
distantly looped above; near the margin a very faint pair looped and
intramarginal; main nerves few, 2 to 3 pairs, straight to the sinuses
of the loops of the side ribs; secondary nerves many; reticulations
slender, inconspicuous; petiole -3 to °4 in. long, rather stout. Cymes
axillary, few-flowered, puberulous, reaching °75 in. in length and
diameter ; peduncles ‘25 in. long; bracts lanceolate, sheathing, ciliate ;
bracteoles minute, rounded or acute; pedicels about -05 in. long; buds
oblong, black when dry. Calyx very small; lobes broad, obtuse, -04 in.
long, ciliate. Corolla-tube campanulate, -075 in. long, glabrous on both
surfaces ; lobes as long as tube, glabrous without, densely villous within,
and furnished at the base with tufts of pale bristles. Stamens inserted
at the middle of the corolla-tube; filaments very short; anthers ovate,
rounded, ‘035 in. long, sparsely villous at the base. Ovary globose,
glabrous, with a short style and capitate stigma. Fruit unknown.

SINGAPORE : at Toas, fzdley 6313.

This species resembles S. pubescens in having the stamens inserted at the middle
of the corolla-tube, and in the globose ovary and short style, but the lobes of the
corolla are villous within, and the leaves are quite different.

11. Strycunos Treutz, Lesch. in Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. XVI. 479,
t. 23 (1810). <A large climbing shrub; branches grey, lenticellate, stiff;
branchlets dark brown, slender; nodes somewhat swollen; tendrils
single, circinate, much enlarged upwards and at length woody, 1 to
2 in. long, glabrous, replacing an occasional leaf of a pair on ultimate
branchlets. Leaves chartaceous or subcoriaceous; elliptic or elliptic-
lanceolate, bluntly caudate-acuminate at apex, acute or rounded at base ;
both surfaces glabrous, olive-brown, upper shining ; 2°5 to 3°d in. long, 1
to 1-5 in. broad; 3- to 5-ribbed, midrib slender, impressed above ; inner
pair of ribs from about -15 in. above the base, prominent, starting at an
angle of 40° or less with the midrib and curving upwards to the apex,
looped above the middle; outer pair obscure, forming a faint intra-
marginal looped rib more or less to the apex; main nerves 3 to 6 pairs,

622 Flora of the Malayan Pennsula.

reaching the sinuses of the loops of the inner basal ribs; secondary
nerves very many, similar to main nerves; reticulations prominent,
irregular; petiole -2 to ‘3 in. long, curved. Cymes axillary, corymbose,
usually sessile, reaching 1 in. in length and 1-25 in. in breadth, few-
(12- to 18-) flowered; peduncles short; branches of rachis very slender,
3-chotomous; bracts linear, short; bracteoles minute, rounded, 2 to
each pedicel below the calyx; pedicels puberulous, ‘1 to ‘25 in. long;
flower-buds clavate, top rounded; flowers white, sweet-scented. Calyx
very small; lobes ovate-lanceolate, acute, 05 in. long. Corolla infundi-
buliform ; tube slender, -2 to ‘25 in. long, minutely puberulous without,
glabrous within; lobes oblong, ‘1 in. long, glabrous. Stamens inserted
at the top of the tube; filaments very short, but decurrent in lines
down the interior of the tube; anthers oblong, -05 in. long, apiculate,
glabrous. Ovary ovoid, glabrous, alternated into a ‘25 in. long style;
stigma capitate, obtuse. Berry globose, many-seeded, 1:5 to 2°5 in. in
diameter; pericarp thick, woody, shining, smooth, yellowish at first,
afterwards red. Seeds immersed in pulp, rounded, ovoid or oblong,
. more or less flattened, usually ‘75 in. long, and about :25 in. broad;
testa thin, silvery; albumen horny; cotyledons cordate, acute, 3- to 5-
nerved, ‘15 in. long; radicle stout, cylindric, as long as cotyledons.
Bl. Rumph. I. 67, t. 24; A. DC. Prodr. IX. 13; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.
II. 380. S. Maingayi var. ? fructuosa, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br.
Ind. IV. 88.

Penane: Curtes 709, 1490; Ridley 9358. Prsrax: King’s Collector
5348, 10595. Manacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1038; Corporal Alu and
Corporal Hasan. Stincarore: fidley.— Distris. Java (Horsfield,
Zollinger), Borneo (Beccarz 1580).

King’s Collector, No. 10311, from Perak, agrees fairly well with S. Horsfieldiana,
Mig., but the specimens are too incomplete to warrant description.

7. GAERTNERA, Lamk.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, rarely ternate, entire, coriaceous,
penninerved; stipules connate into a cylindrical sheath. Cymes axillary
or terminal, many- or 3- to 1-flowered. Calyx small, funnel-shaped or
campanulate. Corolla-tube longer than the calyx ; its limb with 4 or 5
lobes; valvate in bud. Stamens adnate to the corolla-tube by short
filaments. Ovary 2-celled; style short or long; stigmas 2, linear or
clavate; ovule solitary in each cell, erect. Berry didymous, sub-
globose, crustaceous. Seeds often compressed; albumen horny or fleshy;
embryo small.—Distris. About 40 species, in the tropics of Asia and
Africa.

Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula. 623

Leaves glabrous :—
Leaves narrowly elliptic-oblong, usually under 4 in. in

length :—
Flowers 4-merous Be ae a .. 1. G. viminea.
. Flowers 5-merous a 2. G. Koenigii var.
ences oblong-oblanceolate, much tapered to the aie getiale! loxyphylla.
7 to 12 in. in length :—
Cymes densely umbellate, crowded.. ae ne) Os G. OUESa,
Cymes laxly paniculate. . 4. G. oblanceolata.
Leaves hairy beneath, ae oblong, slightly mavioned at the
base; petiole not very long . rie oc ae 1d. Ge GTISeas

1. GAERTNERA VIMINEA, Hook. f. ex Clarke in Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 91
(1883). Ashrub; young shoots as thick as a crow-quill, glabrous. Leaves
membranous ; narrowly lanceolate, apex caudate-acuminate, the base
much narrowed; both surfaces brown when dry, the upper eabrous, the
lower minutely scaly; length 2°5 to 3:5 in., breadth ‘6 to ‘8 in.; petiole
about ‘lin. long. Flowers only about :25 in. long, in small beienitial
trichotomous nearly glabrous cymes; lowest bracts linear, sometimes
‘4 in. long; pedicels very short. Calyx cupular, with 4 spreading
teeth. Corolla villous at the throat, 4-lobed. Fruzt obovoid-globose,
‘2in. long. Psychotria viminea, Wall. Cat. 8354.

SinGAporE: Wallich 8354; Fudley 4828, 9500.

2. GAERTNERA Koenicu, Wight Ic. 1318 (1850); var. oxypHYLLa,
Clarke in Hook. f. F'l. Br. Ind. IV. 91 (1883). A small tree; all parts except
the inflorescence glabrous ; young branches thicker than a crow-quill,
pale brown, terete. Leaves thinly coriaceous; narrowly elliptic-oblong,
sometimes somewhat oblanceolate, apex shortly caudate-acuminate, base
much narrowed; both surfaces pale olivaceous-brown when dry, the lower
minutely scaly; midrib distinct; main nerves 6 to 8 pairs, curving up-
wards, thin but distinct on the lower surface; length 2°5 to 4 in.,
breadth ‘8 to 1:35 in.; petiole 2 to -4 in. long. Stipules forming an
oblong sheath, 5-toothed or bifid, -25 in. long; the apex and ultimately
the whole deciduous. Pamnicles terminal, cymose, lax, less than half as
long as the leaves when in flower, elongating in fruit; branches divari-
cate, opposite, the ultimate branches 3-flowered. Flowers °25 in.
long, on puberulous pedicels longer or shorter than themselves, bracteo-
late near the apex. Calyx short, tubular, irregularly 5-toothed. Corolla
tubular, glabrous outside, slightly curved; the mouth with 5 (sometimes
4) thick spreading subacute lobes. Stamens included; anthers linear,
slightly bifid at the base, on short filaments. Ovary 2-celled, each cell
l-ovuled. Frimt globular, :3 in. in diam., slightly compressed, with a
deep vertical groove on each side (subdidymous), glabrous, smooth; the
apex areolate, but without remains of the calyx. G. thyrszflora, Blame

624 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 174; Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. I. 112. G
acuminata, Benth. l.c. G. Junghuhnu, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 383.
Sykesia Koenigu and S. thyrsiflora, Arn. Pug. Pl. Ind. Or. 35; DC.
Prodr. IX. 35. Psychotria vaginans, DC. Prodr. TV. 520; W. & A.
Prodr. 434. Psychotria sp., Wall. Cat. 8342, 8388. P. oxyphylla
Wall. Cat. 8374; Benth. J. c.

PERAK: at elevations over 3000 ft., Scortechini 305; King’s Collector
8063; Wray 214, 279, 4113, 4122.

3. GAERTNERA OBESA, Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 92 (1883). A small
shrub ; young branches compressed, as thick as a swan’s quill or thicker,
almost glabrous, pale brown, their apices often quite enveloped in the
large stipules. Leaves subcoriaceous, large; oblong-lanceolate or oblong-
elliptic, shortly acuminate at apex, narrowed at the base into the
stout winged petiole ; both surfaces drying brown, glabrous, the lower
minutely lepidote when young ; midrib broad; main nerves 9 to 12 pairs,
slightly curved, ascending, conspicuous on the lower surface, the inter-
mediate nerves also distinct although thin; length 9 to 12 in., breadth
3 to 3°5in.; petiole 1 to 1:5 in. long, broadly channelled; its upper part
winged. Stepules 1:25 to 1:5 in. long, coriaceous, broadly oblong,
acuminate when young, but afterwards, from the breaking off of the
upper part, blunt or obscurely bifid; the base auricled. Cymes (including
their peduncles) not much exceeding the leaf-petioles in length, usually
terminal, densely umbellate, about 1:25 in. across, bearing about 3 um-
bellate main branches compressed and puberulous like the peduncle
but much shorter, and at the base several linear bracts about -5 in. long.
Flowers :3 in. long, sessile or shortly pedicelled in short, few-flowered,
broadly bracteolate cymelets on the ultimate branchlets. Calyx cam-
panulate, puberulous outside; the limb obscurely toothed, entire and
truncate, enlarging with age. Corolla twice as long as the calyx, fleshy,
tubular; the limb with 5 short acute inflexed lobes, glabrous outside,
densely hairy in the upper half inside. Anthers 5, oblong, blunt,
cordate at the base, inserted by short filaments near the base of the
tube. Fruwtunknown. Psychotria obesa, Wall. Cat. 8328.

Perak: Scortechim. Mauacca: Maingay (K.D.) 925. SiInGAPoRE:
on Bukit Timah, Rzdley 2680; Hullett 118, 137; Walker 212.

Var. angustifolia, King & Gamble. Leaves not exceeding 2°75 in.
in breadth. Cymes axillary, 1:5 in. long.

Perak: Scortechim. Only a single specimen collected.

4. GAERTNERA OBLANCEOLATA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A glabrous
shrub, 4 to 8 ft. high; branches about as thick as a goose-quill, sub-
quadrangular, dark-coloured. Leaves subcoriaceous ; oblong-oblanceo-
late, shortly and somewhat abruptly acuminate, gradually narrowed

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 625

from above the middle to the short petiole; both surfaces when dry
brown, tinged (especially on the paler lower surface) with olivaceous,
the midrib prominent on both; the 10 to 12 pairs of curved ascending
main nerves prominent on the lower but indistinct on the upper surface ;
length 7 to 9 in., breadth 1°75 to 3-5 in.; petiole ‘6 tol in long. Stipules
spathaceous, 1:25 in. long, opening on one side, embracing the petiole by a
rounded basal wing; the upper part caducous and leaving the irregularly
quadrate, persistent, coriaceous, pale, margined base. Cymes panicu-
late, lax, with a few linear deflexed bracteoles, supra-axillary, about
3 in. long (longer in fruit), one-third being peduncle; the branches few,
lax, the lower deflexed. Flowers in threes, rather crowded towards the
apices of the branches, on thick pedicels shorter than themselves, before
expansion only about 1 in. long. Calyx cylindric; the mouth under
‘1 in. in diam., very shortly 5-toothed, glabrous outside like the corolla.
Corolla-tube twice as long as the calyx, constricted above the middle ;
the lobes triangular, thick; the throat very hairy inside. Anthers
hidden amongst hairs; their filaments short. Ovary 2-celled, the cells
l-ovuled. rw glabrous, obliquely obovoid or globular, but somewhat
contracted at the base, crowned by the minute remains of the calyx, about
‘3in.in length. Seed (by abortion) solitary, with much horny albumen.

Perak: Scortechint 203; Wray 1948, 2283; King’s Collector 8449.

5. GAERTNERA GRISEA, Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 92 (1883). A small
bush ; young branches as thick as a swan- or goose-quill, compressed,
pale, minutely pubescent. Leaves coriaceous, large; oblong or elliptic-
oblong, apex shortly acuminate, base rounded or cuneate; edges slightly
recurved; upper surface glabrous, lower softly pale-cinereous-pubescent ;
main nerves 8 or 9 pairs, oblique, slightly curved, bold on the lower sur-
face, faint on the upper; midrib broad, prominent on the lower surface
(when dry), flat on the upper; length 8 to 11 in., breadth 2 to 4:5 in. ;
petiole -35 to -75 in.; intra-petiolar stipules united to form an adpressed
cinereous-pubescent sheath, -75 in. long, with 1 or 2 apical points. Cymes
terminal or axillary, solitary, 2°5 to 5 in. long and 2 to 3 in. across,
cinereous-pubescent everywhere, on peduncles 1 to 4 in. long, tricho-
tomous and with small triangular bracts at the divisions. Flowers
25 to 3 in. long. Calyx under ‘1 in. long, campanulate, with 5 broad,
triangular, spreading teeth. Corolla ‘2 to -25 in. long, thick, cylindric ;
limb short, with 5 deep, oblong-lanceolate, valvate lobes with inflexed
tips. Anthers 5, linear, inserted by short filaments below the glabrous
throat. Style thick; stigma with 2 broad lobes. Ovary 2-celled ;
ovules numerous. Frwt unkown. Psychotria ?, Wall. Cat. 8389.

JoHorE: Radley 11123; Murton 159, Sincapore: Wallich; Ridley
2697,

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obtained by application to the Honorary Secretary, 57, Park Stre
_ Calcutta.

PRINCIPAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE SOCIETY.

Asiatic Researches, Vols. I—XX and Index, 1788—1839,
Proceedings, 1865—1904 (now amalgamated with J our?
Memoirs, Vol. 1, etc., 1905, etc.

Journal, Vols. 1—73, 1832—1904,
Journal and Proceedings [N. §.], Vol. 1, etc., 1905, etc.
Centenary Review, 1784—1883.

Bibliotheca Indica, 1848, ete.

A complete list of publications bald by the Society can

and to the sands and nablic rooms of the ;
during the hours they are ener to members. _

rooms of pe Socioty and to examine its collestian AB
(e) To es out books, plates and manuscripts from

JOURNAL & PROCEEDINGS

_ ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL.
ea Vol. LXXIV, Part 3. 3

1908.

| [SIRWILLAMJONES
rE: ———
i =
s =
|

MDCCXLVI-MDCCXCIN

LONDON :

PRINTED BY WEST, NEWMAN & CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN, AND PUBLISHED
BY THE ASIATIC SOCIETY, 57, PARK STREET, CALCUTTA.
1908.

Issued March 27th. 1998,

Price, Bs. 2.

ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL

For the year 1908.

President :

The Hon’ble Mr. Justice Asutosh Mukhopadhyaya, M.A, D.L., wo
-*DSe., F.R.S.E. .

Vice-Presidents :

_ . E. Holland, Esq., D.Sc. F.G.S., ERS.

_ G. Thibaut, Esq., C.I.E., Ph.D., D.Se.

_ Mahamahopadhyaya Haraprasad Shastm, M.A.

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Other Members of Council :

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AH. G. Graves, Esq.

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Babu Monmohan Chakravarti, M.A., B.L.

Abdulla al-Mamun Suhrawardy, Esq., M.A., LL.D.

JOURNAL

OF THE

ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL.

Vou. LXXIV., Part IJ.—Extra Number, 1907.

Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.—By Sir GEorGE
Kine, K.C.1.E., LL.D., F.R.S., late Superintendent of the Royal
Botamec Garden, Calcutta, and J. Sykes Game, C.L.E., F.RB.S.,
late of the Indian Forest Department.

No. 20.

The present Part contains the descriptions of three Families, No. 89
Acanthacee, which was only finished by the late Mr. C. B. Clarke,
F.R.S., just before his lamented death in August, 1906, and Nos. 91
Labiate and 92 Plantaginacee, which have been done by Lt.-Col.
Prain, C.I.H., F.R.S., Director of the Royal Gardens, Kew.

The 3 Families comprise 54 genera and 166 species. In the Acan-
thacee there are 35 genera and 134 species, of which 5 genera and
68 species are new. In the Labiate the genera are 18 and the species
31, one genus being newly described. But it is worthy of note that of
the 31 species only 16 are really native in the Malay Peninsula, the
rest being introduced plants. One species only is endemic, Plectran-
thus Kunstleri, Prain. In Plantaginacee there is merely one genus
containing one species, an introduced weed.

It may here be usefully recorded that, in addition to his work on
the Malay Peninsula Acanthacee herein given, the late Mr. Clarke also
prepared an account of the species of the Malay Archipelago, which
will shortly be published in the ‘Journal of the Linnean Society.’

Part No. 21, which will contain two Families, No. 86 Gesneracee
and No. 90 Verbenacee, and thus complete the Gamopetale, may be
expected to issue about the New Year.

16

628 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Family LXXXIX.—ACANTHACEA.
[By C. B. CuarKe.]

Herbs or shrubs, or twining plants (Thunbergia). Leaves opposite,
often unequal, in Polytrema sometimes pseudalternate ; stipules 0. In-
florescence various; spikes strobilate or heads or cymose or flowers
solitary ; bracts and prophylla large, small or 0. lowers 2-sexual,
irregular. Calyx inferior ; segments 5 or 4, nearly free or more or less
united. Corolla gamopetalous; tube campanulate or linear; limb
2-lipped or 5-lobed, more or less 1-sided. Stamens on the corolla
4 didynamous, or 2 (with or without rudiments); anther-cells 2 or 1;
pollen ellipsoid (then usually ribbed or banded longitudinally) or globose
(then often honeycombed or echinulate). Ovary superior, 2-celled ;
ovules 2 to 1, or several, superimposed in vertical rows (or 2 collateral
in Thunbergia) ; style long, simple, minutely 2-fid. Capsule loculicidal,
often elastically dehiscent; seeds usually nearly as many as the ovules,
held up on rigid curved retenacula (outgrowths of the funicle); albu-
men 0.—Distris. Species 2000, throughout the warmer parts of the
world.

This Family is specially characterized by the retinacula and the seeds placed in a
vertical line; this character fails in the first two Subfamilies. The plants of Sub-
family II. Netsonrompre# are frequently mistaken for those of ScRoPHULARIACEm, from
which they differ by the seeds being superimposed vertically.

CoNSPECTUS OF THE SUBFAMILIES, TRIBES, AND GENERA.

Subfamily I. THunperciomwrm. Seeds 4 to 2 in the Be
without retinacula. Twiners 1. THUNBERGIA.
Subfamily II. NetsonioipEs. Seeds 8 os 16, ver eienlty fie
imposed in 2 rows in the capsule on small soft papille (not
on hard curved retinacula). Herbs small or of very moderate

size :—
Stamens 2 a0 D0 oc ae .. 2. NELSONIA.
Stamens 4 :—
Flowers in spikes, racemes, or panicles 3. STAUROGYNE.
Flowers axillary os 4, CARDANTHERA.
Subfamily III. RurniioiwsEz. Retinneula present. iGorelne lobes
contorted in the bud :—
Tribe 1. Rurttunz. Capsule with more than 4 seeds, which
are hygroscopically shaggy on the margin :—
Pollen honeycombed. Flowers axillary. Capsule clavate 7. Rurwwta.
Pollen echinate. Capsule seed-bearing from the base .. 8, APORUELLIA.

Pollen ellipsoid, with many longitudinal ribs. Capsule
hardly stalked :—

lobe bifid .

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Corolla distinctly 2-lipped :—
Spikes continuous or axillary clusters
Flowers in 1-sided axillary open racemes ..
Corolla obscurely or scarcely 2-lipped :—
Thyrsus terminal, 8 to 12 by -75 in.
Spikes terminal or short-peduncled heads
Tribe 2. SrroprnaNTHINe. Capsule with 4 (or 2) seeds :—
Pollen ellipsoid, longitudinally ribbed :—
Stamens 4 =e te AC a
Stamens 2 5c se are 5G
Pollen globose, echinate. Stamens 4
Subfamily ITV. AcantHorpex%. Retinacula present. Corolla with
the posticous lip cut away; anticous lip 3-lobed, the middle
Subfamily v. JUSTICIOIDEE. em ae present. Corolle lobes
imbricated in the bud, i.e. one lobe wholly within, one wholly

without, the others :—

Tribe 1. GymnostacHyIn%. Capsule with more than 4 seeds.
Bracts inconspicuous, hardly as long as the small sepals,
which rarely attain one-fifth inch in length. Stamens 2 :—
Capsule cylindric at base; seeds in the clavate top SC
Capsule with parallel sides; seed-bearing from the base :—
Corolla-tube cylindric, scarcely inflated :—

Seeds hygroscopically hairy on the margin se
Seeds glabrous, stony ne se
Corolla-tube much inflated dawarte 2c

Tribe 2. AsystastiIn=. Capsule with 4 seeds. Stamens 4:—
Sepals united at base for at least one-third of their length
Sepals nearly free at base :—

Capsule at base cylindric; seeds in the upper wider part :—

Anther-cells at equal height ..
One anther-cell below the other

Capsule conic; the 4 seeds near the base -

Tribe 3. Bartertin®. Capsule 2- to 4-seeded. Stamens 2,

fertile. Calyx large, 4-partite to the base. Anther-cells 2,

rounded at base. Pollen globose, reticulated. Corolla yellow,

1:25 in. long .. se : ae

Tribe 4. ERANTHEMINE. Gapenld 4- to 2-seeded. igemens 2.

Anther-cells 2, rounded at base. Corolla-tube linear; limb

subequally 5-fid, spreading BC sc

Tribe 5. Justicrinz. Capsule 4- to 2-seeded. Corolla dis.

_tinctly 2-lipped. Stamens2. Calyx small. subequally deeply
lobed. Seeds smooth or tuberculate, but without needle-like
hygroscopic hairs :—

Sect. 1. Monorurectem. Anthers 1-celled :—

Corolla 1:25 in. long, orange-red cc ae
Sect. 2. Typicm. Anthers 2-celled. The flower not ap-
pearing as though enclosed between two opposite bracts.
Placente in fruit not rising elastically from the base of the
capsule :—

14.

16.

24.

629

. HyGRopHILA.
. NOMAPHILA.

. STENOTHYRSUS.
. HEMIGRAPHIS.

. STROBILANTHES.
. ENDOPOGON.
. ACANTHOPALE.

ACANTHUS.

PHLOGACANTHUS.

. GYMNOSTACHYUM.
ye
18.

ANDROGRAPHIS.
CYSTACANTHUS.

. PHIALACANTHUS.

. ASYSTASIA,.
. FIETIA.
. LEPIDAGATHIS.

. BARLERIA.

ERANTHEMUM.

5. CLINACANTHUS.

630 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

One anther-ceill below the other, tailed at .. 26. Justicta.
One anther-cell somewhat below the other, its base
rounded or acute, scarcely tailed :—
Corolla-tube broad. Shrub 5.5 .. 27. ADHATODA.
Corolla-tube linear; posticous lip small, euaaeell .. 28. RHINACANTHUS.
Anther-cells at ee or nearly equal height, not tailed :—
Corolla -3 to -7 in. long :—

Spikes, racemes, or panicles terminal .. .. 29, Lena.

Cymes small, axillary S24 at .. 380. PonyrREma.
Corolla 1:25 in. long :—

Corolla green-blue .. 52 ar .. 31. Ecpouium.

Corolla red 55 ts ie .. 82. GRAPTOPHYLLUM.

Sect. 3. Hyporstem. Flower appearing as though en-
closed between two bracts. Placente in fruit not rising

elastically :—
Anther-cells 2, one placed higher 5. .. 933, PERISTROPHE.
Anthers 1-celled a . 34. HyporstsEs.

Sect. 4. Sorurz. Placente rising in fait dlactignlie Hien
the base of the capsule, and throwing out the seeds :—
Flowers in spikes, with prominent bracts S: .. 85. RuNGIA.

1. THuNBERGIA, Linn. f.

(Character narrowed, as throughout Acanthacee, to the Malay Penin-
sula species. |

Twiners. Leaves petioled, opposite, subequal, undivided, often
toothed or lobed. Peduneles solitary, axillary, running into terminal
racemes, 7.é€. the upper floral leaves (or bracts) greatly reduced, incon-
spicuous or obsolete. Bracteoles (prophylla) large, often ‘5 in. long,
broad-oblong from a truncate base. Calyx of 8 to 14 small lanceolate
teeth, or obsolete (appears a mere rim). Corolla large; tube cylindric
or campanulate; limb of 5 subequal lobes, contorted in the bud.
Stamens 4, subsimilar; anther-cells 2, parallel, sometimes strongly
spurred at the base; pollen large (50 to 60 » in diam.), globose, smooth,
with faint spiral bands or strongly spinous. Ovary 2-celled, with 2
ovules in each cell; stigma of 2 equal, opposite, triangular lobes. Cap-
sule globose, with a-long oblong-linear: beak; seeds 4, or by suppression
3 to 2, hemispheric, excavate on the plane face, wrinkled on the spheric
face ; sessile, not held aloft on retinacula.—Distris. Species 100, in the
warm parts of the Old World; most numerous in Africa, extending to
Australia.

Sect. 1. Calyx a mere rim. Anther-cells spurred. Pollen

smooth :—
Leaves broad-oblong, entire or slightly toothed .. 1. T. laurifolia.
Leaves round-ovate, toothed or often lobed ae -. 2 L. grandiflora.

Flora of the Malayan Pennsula. 631

Sect. 2. Calyx of 8 to 12 teeth. Anther-cells not spurred.

Pollen spinous :-—
Petioles not winged. Corolla pure white sty A By SM AMOI ON
Petioles offen winged. Corolla yellow, with claret eye Bo tig Ih a

1. THUNBERGIA LAURIFOLIA, Lindl. in Gard. Chron. p. 260 (1856).
Seandent, up to 150 ft. long (Kurz). Leaves 3:5 by 1°5 in., broad-
oblong, wide at base, truncate or ovate, glabrous, sub-3-nerved, entire
or slightly toothed; petioles ‘5 to 1 in. long. Peduneles axillary,
solitary, distant or more often running into terminal close racemes
2 to 5 in. long; bracteoles (prophylla) 1 in. long, oblong, usually
slightly pubescent. Calyx a mere rim. Corolla 2 in. long, blue or
blue and white; tube campanulate, only contracted for a very short
space at the base. Stamens 4, subsimilar ; filaments glabrous; anther-
cells with a rigid long spur at the base, fringed with many long pilose
hairs; pollen globose, large (50 » in diam.), smooth, with obscure
broad spiral bands. Prstil glabrous; the two stigmatic lobes sub-
opposite. Capsule globose, smooth, brown, ‘25 in. in diam., with 4 to
2 seeds; beak 1 to 1:25 in. long, oblong-linear. Seeds hemispheric,
cerebro-granular, excavated on the plane face. Hook. Bot. Mag.
t. 4985; Kurz For. Fl. II. 240; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind.
TY. 392; Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. XVII. (1893) Beibl. 41, pp. 41, 42, and
in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 38, 292; Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soc.
ser. 2, ITT. (1893) 332. TT. Harrisiz, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4998.

Manacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1170; Thoban Isle, Helfer; Goping,
King’s Collector 1064. Prrax: Wray 3145; Scortechint 2197; King’s
Collector 3030, 8418. Putau Manis: fide Ridley. PENANG and KEDAH:
Curtis —Distris. Northwards to Arracan.

2. THUNBERGIA GRANDIFLORA, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 45 (1813 to
1814). Leaves ovate or rounded, 3 to 6 in. in diam., pubescent beneath,
palmately 5- to 7-nerved from the base, usually angular or lobed, rarely
nearly entire; otherwise as 7. lawrifolia. Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 34;
Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2366; Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 54 (with all syn.
except Roxb. Cor. Pl. t. 67); Kurz For. Fl. Il. 240; C. B. Clarke in
Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 392; Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. XVII. (1893)
Beibl. 41, pp. 37, 39, and in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 3B, 292;
Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXVI. (1890) 237; Prain Beng. Plants
796. Fleningia grandiflora, Rottler in Neue Schr. Gesell. Nat.
Freunde IV. (1803) 202.

SmncAPorE: Schomburgk 84.—Distr1p. Bengal to South China.
Perhaps Schomburgk’s specimen was from a cultivated plant.

This species runs excessively close to T. lauwrifolia, but Lindau has put T. grandi-
flora in a different Section because it has ‘flowers solitary, axillary.”’ The inflores-

632 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

cence is exactly the same in both species; in 7’. grandiflora the flowers are very
generally in terminal racemes, the upper bracts (floral leaves) being often only -25 to
‘5 in. long.

3. THUNBERGIA FRAGRANS, Roxb. Cor. Pl. I. 47 t. 67 (1795). Twining,
often 4 to 8 ft. long. Leaves 3 by 1 to 1°56 in., oblong or elliptic,
obtuse, rounded or hastate at base, nearly entire, nearly glabrous
or (in form javanica) pubescent, sub-3-nerved; petiole 25 to ‘5 in.
long. Peduneles 1 to 3 in. long, axillary, solitary, rarely two together ;
bracteoles (prophylla) -5 to ‘7 in. long, oblong-lanceolate. Calyx of
about 12 narrow-oblong teeth -15 in. long. Corolla white; tube °5 to
‘75 in. long, narrow-oblong, contracted at top and bottom; limb of
5 obovate, emarginate, spreading lobes. Stamens 4, in the corolla-tube,
glabrous; anthers not spurred; pollen globose (50 » in diam.), the
borders of the spiral bands carrying spines so long that the bands are
obscured. Prstil glabrous; the 2 stigmatic lobes opposite. Capsule
cuboid-globose, ‘4 in. in diam.; beak ‘8 in. long, oblong-linear. Seeds
4 (or by suppression fewer), hemispheric, cerebroid, granular, with
a hole in the plane face. Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 56; Kurz For. Fl. II.
240; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 390 (with all syn.) ;
Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. XVII. (1893) Beibl. 41, pp. 36, 38, and in Engi.
& Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 38, 292; Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soc.
ser. 2, IIT. (1893) 332, and in Journ. As. Soc. Straits 121 (Singapore
1900); Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXVI. (1890) 237; Prain Beng.
Plants 795.

Pexan: fide Ridley. — Distr1s. Throughout India, extending to
Timor; Philippine Islands (Palawan, Bermejos 193).

Forma £ javanica (sp.), Gaertn. f. Fruct. III. (1805) 22 t. 183,
fig. 4; leaves beneath, petioles, and peduncles pubescent (in Wray
52, rufous shaggy). Blume Bijdr. 806; Moritzi! Verz. Zollinger
Pf. 46; Hassk. Cat. Hort. Bogor. 147.

SINGAPORE : Kunstler 25; Ulu Kenring, Wray 52. Kenan: Curtis.
—Disrris. Throughout Malaya to North Australia.

4. THUNBERGIA ALATA, Sims Bot. Mag. t. 2591 (1825). Villous.
Leaves cordate-ovate, subentire ; petioles 1 to 2 in. long, often winged.
Corolla yellow or nearly white; tube with a dark claret mouth, exactly
cylindric, twice as thick as that of J. fragrans, otherwise resembling
T. fragrans. Bojer Hort. Maurit. 259 (1837); Hook. Exot. Fl. III.
t. 177, Bot. Mag. t. 3512; Kurz For. Fl. II. 240; C. B. Clarke in Hook.
f. Fl. Br. Ind. TV. 491; Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. XVII. (1893) Beibl.
41, 37, 40, and in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 38, 292; Burkill in
Dyer FI. Trop. Afr. V. 9,16; Prain Beng. Plants 795; Ridley in Journ.
As. Soe. Straits 121 (Singapore 1900).

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 633

Sincapore: Kunstler 151; Deschamps.—Distrip. Native in warm
Africa and Mascarenia, a common plant; runs wild as a weed in India
and South-East Asia.

2. Neusonra, R. Br.

A diffuse herb. Leaves opposite, subequal. Flowers small, in dense
small spikes; bracts spiral or alternate (not opposite). Calyx small,
sub-4-lobed. Corolla-tube slender; limb 2-lipped. Stamens 2; anthers
2-celled, subincluded in the corolla-tube. Ovary 2-celled; ovules about
8 in each, arranged vertically in two rows on the double placental line
in each cell. Capsule ovoid-conic, with 8 to 16 seeds in the basal half ;
retinacula 0.—Distris. Species 1, in warm parts of Africa, India,
Australia, America.

N.B.—This plant is often sorted amongst ScrRopHULARIACE# ; nor does it differ
except by the arrangement of the ovules and seeds in one vertical line on the margin
of the carpellary leaf.

1. Netsonia CAMPESTRIS, R. Br. Prodr. 481 (1810). Prostrate,
hairy; branches often 12 to 18 in. long. Leaves of stem 2 to 3 in. long,
oblong or obovate, nearly entire, long-petioled or nearly sessile; basal
leaves often 6 in. long. Flowers in small heads, ‘5 in. in diam.;
terminal or on axillary peduncles which lengthen out in fruit to 2 to
3 in.; bracts ovate, 15 in. long; bracteoles very small. Calyx ‘125 in.
long, 2-lipped; one lip deeply 3-fid, the other shortly 2-fid. Corolla
‘15 in. long, rose or white. Pzstel glabrous; style shortly 2-fid.
Stamens 2; anther of 2 ellipsoid cells half-divergent; pollen globose,
25 p in diam., subtetrahedral (almost as in Scrophulariacee). Capsule
"15 in. long; seeds ellipsoid, brown, granular. Endl. Iconogr. t. 79;
Benth. Fl. Austral. IV. 543; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV.
394 (with all syn.); Burkill in Dyer Fl. Trop. Afr. V. 28; Prain Beng.
Plants 797. N. tomentosa, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. III. (1832)
ioe Nees. in DC. Prodr. XV. 65; Miq. EV. Ind. Bat. 10." 770. .N.
brunelloides, O. Kuntze Revisio I. 493; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl
Pflanzenfam. IV. 3 B, 289, t. 110, fig. c.

Kepan: Ridley 8312. Prnana: Curtis 50, 1750; Deschamps.
Pauane: Ridley 2181—Duistr1. In warm regions of both hemi-
spheres.

The innovations are often densely white-hairy; there are also often long white
hairs at the base of the flower. The var. 8 vestita, of Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 395 (which has
large leaves, up to 8 to 10 in. long, on the branches), is frequent in Lower Burma, but
there is no example of it from the Malay Peninsula.

634 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

3. STAUROGYNE, Wall.

Undershrubs, 6 to 24 in. (rarely 3 to 4 ft.) high, at base often
woody, creeping, hairy (in S. swbhglabra nearly glabrous). Leaves
opposite, equal, simple, entire; petioles usually long, rarely short, -25 to
‘) in. Flowers in spikes (or spike-like racemes, the pedicels up to
‘15 in.), dense or lax; the spikes sometimes panicled. Bract usually a
little longer than the calyx, sometimes considerably broader ; two pro-
phylla (often alternate), linear or nearly linear, a little shorter than the
bract. Calyx :15 to ‘6 in. long, divided nearly to the base into 5 narrow
persistent segments (often called sepals); of these one is often longer
and sometimes much broader than the others. Corolla ‘5 to 1 in. long,
tubular-campanulate, rather narrow ; limb of 5 short rounded segments
(often colorate). Stamens 4 didynamous, fertile; filaments sparsely
hairy, and with gland-tipped hairs near the top; anthers of 2 ellipsoid
cells, ultimately divaricate; pollen globose, with three longitudinal
bands not reaching the poles, 25 to 30 » in diam. Ovary oblong,
surrounded at base by a disk, glabrous or rarely with minute scattered
hairs; style long, sometimes with a few hairs in the lower part;
branches 2, unequal. Capsule oblong, -2 to ‘25 in. long, ovoid at base,
acute at top, glabrous or sometimes slightly minutely hairy, 2-celled,
separating loculicidally into 2 valves, bearing seeds from the base;
seeds 12 to 20 in each capsule, in vertical rows on the edges of the
carpellary leaves. Seeds attached on very small papille, not on
retinacula, short-ellipsoid, 400 » long, yellow-brown ultimately black,
smooth, more or less reticulate, minutely pitted—Distrisp. Species 40
in South-East Asia, 10 in Brazil.

Some of the Brazil species have flowers and capsules considerably larger than in
the Asiatic species. The Asiatic species are so uniform in the corolla, stamens, and
pistil—even down to the hairs thereon—that these are not described for the subjoined
Malay species, which are separated mainly by characters of the bracts and calyx.—
The posticous stigmatic lobe (both in the type species S. argentea, and in some
others) is occasionally somewhat 2-lobed.

Calyx °3 to ‘7 in. long :—
Sepals awned or with a stiff mucro :—
Fruit-spikes 1 to 2 in. long :—
Spike in fruit ovoid ; leaves 2°5 in. long ac .. L. S. setigera.
Spike in fruit oblong; leaves up to 4 to 5 in. long
Fruit-spikes 2 to 3°5 in. long :—

KS
2)

. lanceolata.

Awn of sepals with long several-celled hairs. . .. 38. S. malaccensis.

Awn of sepals hardly microscopically scabrid .. 4. S. angustifolia.
Fruit-spikes 4 to 10 in. long :—

Awn of sepals hardly microscopically hairy.. .. 95. S. Kingiana.

Awn of sepals with short spreading hairs .. .. 6. S. longifolia.

Flora of the Malayan Pemmnsula. 635

Sepals acute, hardly awned :—
Leaves at tip acute or subacute :—

Spikes in fruit rather dense, often recurved .. .. 1%. S. comosa.
Inflorescence of one poor terminal panicle .. .. 8. S. pauper.
Spikes in fruit long, very lax, panicled :—
Bracts and calyx with short hairs : .. 9. S. elongata.
Bracts and calyx viscous, with gland- tinned hairs .. 10. S. lasiobotrys.
Leaves at tip rounded ; bracts elliptic, obtuse . .. ll. S. Griffithiana.
Sepals with linear obtuse tip :—
Leaves elliptic obtuse ; sepals hairy te .. 12. S. arcuata.
Leaves lanceolate-acute; sepals glabrous a .. 13. S. subglabra.

Calyx °125 to :175 in. long :—
Corolla ‘6 in. long :—
Leaves with triangular obtuse tip, upper surface pubescent 14. S. merguensis.

Leaves lanceolate-acuminate, upper surface glabrate .. 15. S. racemosa.
Corolla 1 in. long be ate Ae .. 16. S. macrantha.
Corolla -75 in. long; leaves serrulate a .. 17. S. serrulata.

1. SrauroGyNE sETIGERA, O. Kuntze Revisio I. 497 (1891). A
weak herb, 4 to 12 in. long, often branched or decumbent. Stem
pubescent, usually rusty upwards. Leaves 2:5 by ‘75 to 1 in.; tip
triangular; base ovate or cuneate; mature nearly glabrous on both
surfaces; petiole -25 to ‘5 in. long. Inflorescence of one terminal
sessile head (a second on a short axillary peduncle sometimes added),
ovoid, dense, ‘5 to ‘6 in. in diam., in fruit lengthening out to 1 in.,
rarely to 15 in. Sepals linear, very slightly unequal, the longest one
‘4 in. long, linear, scarcely linear lanceolate ; its awn with many patent
short hairs, and also long several-celled scattered hairs, but no gland-
headed hairs. Corolla -6 in. long, from purple-pink to pink-white,
nearly glabrous without in the bud. Ovary glabrous; style base with a
few hairs. Capsule ‘2 in. long. Hbermaiera setigera, Nees in DC.
Prodr. XI. 76; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. IX. 451 (1867) ; C. B.
Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 398; Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soc.,
ser. 2, IIT. 332 (1893), and in Journ. As. Soc. Straits 121 (Singapore 1900).
EH. trichocephala, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 774. EH. subcaprtata, C. B.
Clarke in Bot. Tidskr. XXIV. 348 (Kjobenhaven 1902). Adenosma
ulaginosa var. 8 erecta, Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 70; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.
II. 771 partly (not of R. Br.).

Manacca: Cuming 2355. PrraK: Scortechint; Wray 1878; Larut
Perak, 500 to 800 ft., King’s Collector 2192. Gorina: King’s Collector
1132. Panane: Ridley 2178 (partly). Srnancor: Curtis 2363; Kota
Glanggi, fide Aidley.—Distris. Common in Sumatra, also in Java,
Borneo, Siam.

The dried specimens of this species are dusky green, often obscurely red-brown
at top, the leaves sometimes whitened beneath. Kurz, in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. II.

636 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

78 (1870), united the three species, S. setigera, S. argentea, and S. lanceolata; they
are undoubtedly very closely allied.

2. STAUROGYNE LANCEOLATA, O. Kuntze Revisio I. 497 (1891).
Stem 6 to 14 in. high, erect, woody, undivided. Leaves 4 to 5 by ‘6 to
1 in. (or smaller), lanceolate or generally narrow-lanceolate, nearly
glabrate on both surfaces. Inflorescence 1 in. long, in fruit 15 to 2 in.
long, less dense than that of EH. setigera, Nees. Bracts, prophylla, and
calyx as of EH. setigera, the longest sepal a trifle broader, linear-
lanceolate at base. Corolla hairy without in the bud. Adenosma
lanceolatum, Blume Bijdr. 756. Hbermazera lanceolata, Hassk. Cat.
Hort. Bogor. 147; Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 76; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT.
774 (not of C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. TY. 397). #. longi-
folia, Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soc., ser. 2, Bot. III. 332 (1893).

PawanGc: Fidley 2177, 2178 (partly). Mawacca: Derry 23.—
Distris. Java (Zollinger 591).

3. STAUROGYNE MALACCENSIS, C. B. Clarke. Herbaceous, 4 to 8 in.
high, often branched. Stem hairy, often rusty at top, carrying 1 to 4,
sometimes 8, spikes. Leaves up to 4 by 1 in., elliptic-lanceolate; base
cuneate; mature with nearly glabrate surfaces; petiole ‘5 to 1 in. long.
Heads 1 to 1:5 in. long, dense, in fruit lengthening to 2 to 3:8 in., lax,
sometimes interrupted at base. Bracis oblong or elliptic-oblong,
conspicuous, somewhat persistent. Sepals ‘4 in. long, conspicuously
unequal, the larger one lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate,
hardly awned, the other 4 nearly linear; tips of all the sepals with
many, short, patent hairs and scattered, long, several-celled hairs.
Corolla -6 in. long, nearly glabrous without. Ovary with scattered
minute gland-tipped hairs in the upper half, which remain till the
seeds are quite ripe. Hbermaera argentea, Nees in DC. Prodr. XI.
76 (partly); T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. IX. 451 (1867). . lan-
ceolata, C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 397 (exclud. syn.)
(not of Nees). H. Stawrogyne, T. Anders. MS. in hb. Calcutta (not of
Nees).

Kepau and Kasoom: Curtis. Prnane: Curtis 1931. Manacca:
Griffith 189; Ridley 1636. Province WeELuLEstEY: Ridley 6198.—
DistRis. Java; Tenasserim.

The type Staurogyne argentea, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. II. 80 t. 186 (1831), is the
common Khasia species, remote from the present, but (as Wallich says) very near

S. angustifolia, Wallich. Staurogyne argentea, O. Kuntze (and of Lindau), includes
probably S. argentea and S. angustifolia, but not S. malaccensis.

4, STAUROGYNE ANGUSTIFOLIA, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. II. 81 (1831).
Stem 8 to 12 in. long, suberect, little divided, hairy, almost woody at

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 637

the base. Leaves glabrate on the surface; blade 3 to 4 by ‘7 to 1 in.,
lanceolate, mostly narrowly lanceolate (but see the var. below), base
attenuate, tip triangular, subacute; petiole 1 to 2 in. long. Spikes
terminal and on short axillary peduncles, in flower ovoid or ellipsoid,
dense, in fruit often 2 to 3 in. long. Braci narrow-oblong, aristate,
with long hairs in the lower part. Calyx unequal, the largest sepal
‘6 in. long, the base narrow-lanceolate, with long hairs; the awn long,
somewhat rigid, glabrous or with minute bristles (less than 40 p long) ;
the other 4 sepals nearly linear. Corolla ‘6 in. long, hairy without.
Capsule -2 in. long, thicker than in the neighbouring species. _ S.
argentea, O. Kuntze Revisio I. 497 partem (1891) (not of Wall.).
Ebermmera angustefolia, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. IX. 451 (1867) ;
C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 398; Prain Beng. Plants 798.
EH. Stawrogyne B angustifolia, Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 75.

Perak: Fudley 9766; Curtis. Matacca: Goodenough 1689.—
Distris. Mergui (Falconer 860), Tavoy (Wallich 4906).

T. Anderson has written ‘‘ HZ. angustifolia’’ on Falconer 860; but his name
‘‘angustifolia” (as well as Wallich 4906) may include other nearly allied forms.
The true E. Stawrogyne, Nees, is a Khasia species, in which the bract and sepals
have no long several-celled hairs. This-plant is put with S. longifolia, not with

E.* Staurogyne, by collectors. The leaves in all the examples seen have dried
brown-red.

5. StauROGYNE Kinerana, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Stems 2 to 3 ft.
high, pubescent. Leaves glabrous; blade up to 84 by 2 to 3 in., elliptic,
narrowed at either end; main nerves 12 to 15 pair; petioles 1 to 2 in.
long. Sprkes 3 to 6 on a stem, terminal and on short axillary peduncles,
4 to 10 in. long, undivided, dense even in fruit. SBract linear, ‘8 in.
long. Sepals 5, nearly equal, linear, longest up to °75 in. long, very little
dilated at the base, sparsely hairy at base, glabrous or minutely scabrous
in the upper half. Corolla 1 in. long, ‘‘yellowish-white, lower lip pale
red ”’ (collector’s note), glabrous without. Stamens and pollen of the
genus. Pustil glabrate. Capsule -2 in. long, rather thick; the endocarp
much thickened, almost corky. Allied to S. angustifolia, T. Anders.

PERAK: on limestone hills, 500 to 800 ft. alt., Kzng’s Collector
10704; Goenong Panti, King’s Collector 208. Panane: Ridley 2176.

6. STAUROGYNE LONGIFOLIA, O. Kuntze Revisio I. 497 (1891). Sub-
erect, 8 to 30 in. high, hairy. Stem (in large examples) woody, robust
below, and with erect branches. Leaves glabrous on the upper surface ;
blade 5 by 1 in., lanceolate, attenuate at either end (in the type example,
but the leaves are frequently longer, and there are examples with shorter,
broader leaves); petiole 1 to 1:5 in. long. Spikes short-peduncled at
the end of branches and in the axils, short-oblong (often nodding) when

638 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

young, in fruit 2 to 5in. long, somewhat dense, erect. Bract and calyx
softly hairy, without long, fine, several-celled hairs; bract narrow-
lanceolate, aristate, ‘6 in. long; sepals all linear, the longest one °5 in.
long, including its awn ‘16 in. long, the awn hairy to the tip with
spreading hairs varying in length, but all short. Corolla long, hairy
without,; tube nearly white, segments and mouth pink to purple. Pustzl
glabrate. Stamens and pollen of the genus. Capsule -2 in. long.
Lindau in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 33, 288. Hbermaiera long-
folta, Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 76; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. IX.
451 (1867); C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 399; Ridley in
Trans. Linn. Soe. ser. 2, III. 332 (1893).

Mauacca: Cunung 2350; Lemann; Griffith (K.D.) 6079; Hulleti
403. PrraKk: Scortechint 155; Wray 13802; Ridley 1604; alt. 300
to 800 ft., Kong's Collector 5821, 8678. Srnancor: fudley 7590.
Neari Sempinan: RAedley 10098. Panane: Tahan, fide Ridley.

This species is very close both to S. angustifolia and to S. comosa; the former
differs by having the awns of the sepals glabrous or microscopically scabrous ; the
latter differs in that the sepals have lanceolate-linear soft tips, hardly awns.

7. STAUROGYNE comosa, O. Kuntze Revisio I. 497 (1891). Stem
1 to 3 ft. high, almost woody below, hairy. Leaves: blade up ‘to
8 by 3 to 3°65 in., cuneate at either end; upper surface glabrous, ob-
scurely minute-granular-tuberculate ; petiole 1 to 25 in. Spokes short,
peduncled, undivided, dense, in flower 1 to 4 in. long, nodding, in
fruit up to 5 to 7d°in. long, often deflexed, rather dense (scarcely
interrupted at base), softly hairy. Bract and sepals softly hairy, with
long several-celled hairs; bract -4 in. long in Wallich’s type (often longer),
lanceolate-acuminate, point linear (hardly awned), with soft white hairs;
sepals 3 in. long in Wallich’s type (often longer), the longest (wider than
the others) lanceolate with a linear soft-hairy tip. Corolla in the bud
densely clothed with deflexed hairs without. Pistil glabrous. Stamens
and pollen of the genus. Capsule -2 in. long. Lindau in Engl. &
Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 38, 288. Ruellaa ? comosa, Wall. Cat. 2414.
Hbermaiera axillaris, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. IIT. 80, and in DC. Prodr.
XI. 75; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. IX. 452 (1867); C. B. Clarke
in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 399.

Penana: Wallach 2414. Perak: Scortechim 777; Wray 2192;
Fiudley 2893; 500 to 800 ft., King’s Collector 10705; Lartt, 100 ft.,
King’s Collector 1834. Srnancor: (fdley) 7589, 8543, 10546. |

King’s Collector notes the calyx ‘‘ velvety claret-coloured,” the corolla ‘ blue-

white, darker inside.” The corolla seems caducous, as the large well-collected
material provides buds and fruit only. The type examples of Wallich from Penang

Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula. 639

are unusually small specimens. This species is generally distinguishable from EH.
longifolia, Nees, by its much broader (elliptic) leaves.

8. STAUROGYNE PAUPER, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Stem 18 in. long, un-
divided, glabrate, decumbent, woody at base. Leaves glabrate, with few
scattered, white, adpressed bristles on the upper surface; blade 4:5 by
2 in. long, elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, acute; base cuneate; petiole -25
to ‘din. long. Inflorescence of one terminal poor panicle, 3 by 14 in.,
with few distant flowers; bracts ‘5 in. long, linear, soft, not awned.
Sepals subequal, ‘5 in. long, linear, with soft hairs and many gland-
tipped hairs. Corolla ‘6 in. long, pubescent without, “‘ pale yellow with
dark stripes” (King’s Collector). Pustal of Stawrogyne, glabrous except
a few small hairs in the lower part of the style.

PERAK: alt. 200 ft., Kong’s Collector 2832.

9. STAUROGYNE ELONGATA, O. Kuntze Revisio I. 497 (1891). Slightly
hairy. Leaves glabrate; blade 6 by 2 in., oblong-elliptic, cuneate at
either end; nerves 8 to 10 pair, thin; petiole 2 to 3 in. long. Spikes up
to 4 to 7 by 1 in., panicled, lax; pedicels often -175 in. long, with
alternate prophylla. Sracts nearly ‘d in. long, lanceolate-linear, with
short white hairs, no gland-tipped hairs. Sepals 5, linear, the longest
nearly ‘5 in. long, slightly widened at base. Corolla (buds) °4 in. long,
scarcely pubescent without. Capsule -2 in. long, the upper half with scat-
tered minute hairs. Lindau in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 38, 288.
Adenosma elongatum, Blume Bijdr. 757. Hrythracanthus elongatus, Nees
in DC. Prodr. XI. 78, var. 6 excl. Hbermaiera elongata, Nees in DC.
Prodr. XI. 721, var. 6 excl.; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. IX. 452
(1867) ; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 400 (not of Miquel).

Penane: Wallich (fide T. Anderson).—Distrip. Java.

The var. 8 of Miquel (here excluded) is Ebermaiera debilis, T. Anders. (in Journ.
Linn. Soc. IX. 452, in note (1867) ), a weak Philippine species. H. elongata, Miquel
(Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 775), was (so Miquel says) = H. Griffithiana, T. Anders.; and, from
Miquel’s description, it must have been largely (or wholly) that species. As to L.
subpaniculata, Hassk. (Retzia I. 77 (1855) ), there are now here examples both of the
Salak wild plant and of that cultivated at Buitenzorg; they may be varieties of
E. elongata, Nees, but do not match it. The above description of EH. elongata, Nees,
is wholly from the Java type plant ; no example from Penang has been seen.

10. STAUROGYNE LAsIopoTRys, O. Kuntze Revisio I. 497 (1891). Stem
18 to 20 in., suberect, hairy. Leaves glabrate ; blade 5 by 1°5 in., oblong
or elliptic-lanceolate, cuneate at either end, thin; petiole 1 to 3 in.
long. Spikes up to 4 to 6 by 1 in., panicled, lax, softly viscous-hairy ;
pedicels often -16in. long. Bracts -35 in. long, linear, with several-celled
hairs ended by a coloured gland. Sepals 5, linear, the longest -35 in,

640 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

long, with several-celled gland-tipped hairs. Corolla, stamens, capsule
as of S. elongata. Hbermazera lasiobotrys, Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 721;
Wall. Cat. 9084 ; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. IX. 452 (1867) ;
C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. TV. 400. |

' Perak: Curtis 13850; Kang’s Collector 8370 (“Flower dark-red tipped
with pink’’); Larut, 500 to 1000 ft., King’s Collector 2292. Smnancor:
Ffiidley 7588.—Distris. Moulmein, Mergui, Tavoy.

11. SraurRoGyNE GRIFFITHIANA, O. Kuntze Revisio I. 497 (1891).
Stem 4 to 8 in. long, creeping at base. Leaves (mature) shortly rather
dense hairy on the upper face; blade 5:5 by 3 in. in Griffith’s type
(often smaller), roundly elliptic, very obtuse ; base rounded or cordate
(but cuneate in many examples); petiole ‘5 to 2in. long. Inflorescence
simple or branched ; main spike 6 in. long in Griffith’s type, lax, only
slightly hairy. Bracts up to ‘5 in. long, elliptic, rounded, obtuse at top.
Sepals 5, the longest -4 in. long, linear; tip linear-acute, not awned,
with sparse short several-celled hairs not gland-tipped. (In the Perak
example the sepals are linear-ligulate-obtuse at the tip.) Corolla -6 in.
long, white, rarely tinged pink. Capsule :2in. long. Hrythracanthus
Griffithianus, Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 78. H. obtusus, Wight Ic. t. 1491
(not of Nees). Hbermaiera Griffithiana, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe.
TX. 452 (1867); C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 400; Ridley
in Trans. Linn. Soe. ser. 2, IIT. 332 (1893), and in Journ. As. Soc.
Straits 121 (Singapore 1900). ZH. elongata, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IL. 775
(mainly).

Mauacca: Griffith (K.D.) 6078; Goodenough 1509. SinGaporE:
Ridley; Hullett 618; G. King. Panane: Ridley 2175. Prax:
alt. 600 to 1000 ft., Scortechint 40; King’s Collector 10335. Panane:
at Tahan, fide Rzdley.

12. StauroGyNE arcuata, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Stem 4 to 8 in. long,
villous, woody, creeping. Leaves with scattered hairs above or glabrate ;
blade 4:5 by 2°5 in., ovate elliptic, tip triangular obtuse; base cuneate or
sometimes rounded; petiole °5 to 1:5 in. long. Spzrkes often 2 or 3,
lax, 2 to 4 in. long, arcuate in fruit; bracts linear or sublanceolate,
‘5 in. long, hairy. Sepals subequal, ‘5 in. long, linear or very narrow-
ligulate, hairy, tip subobtuse. Corolla ‘6 in. long, pubescent without,
red (Wray). Capsule :2 in. long.

Perak: Scortechim 456, 728; Wray 48, 694; Rdley 2892.

13. STaAvROGYNE suBGLABRA, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Nearly glabrous.
Stem 6 to 12 in. Leaves glabrous, the upper surface sometimes ob-
scurely puberulous ; blade 4:5 by 1 to 1:25 in., lanceolate or broad-lanceo-
late, subacute; base cuneate; petiole 5 to 1 in. long. Spzrkes often 2 to
4, very loose, up to 3 to 5 in. long; the rachis microscopically scabrous ;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 641

bracts ‘5 in. long, linear, or the lower ones oblong. Sepals subequal,
‘5 in. long, linear, or scarcely oblong-linear, subobtuse, glabrous, almost
shining. Corolla ‘6 in. long, very white (King’s Collector). Capsule
‘2 in. long.

Perak: Scortechint 5386, 406; Ridley 5514; Curtis, alt. 3500 to
4000 ft.; King’s Collector 8427.

This species is very similar to H. arcuata in allessential points; the two characters
of hairy sepals with elliptic obtuse leaves, and glabrous sepals with lanceolate leaves,
are, however, concomitant throughout the ample material.

14, STAUROGYNE MERGUENSIS, O. Kuntze Revisio I. 497 (1891).
Stem 4 to 8 in. long, creeping at base, pubescent. Leaves minutely
pubescent on the upper surface; blade up to 5 by 2°5 in. (much smaller
in Helfer’s type); tip obtusely triangular ; base nearly always cordate ;
petiole ‘5 to 1:5 in. long. Sprkes usually peduncled, often paniculate, 2
to 3 in. long, very lax, thin. Bracts scarcely ‘26 in. long, linear-lanceo-
late or linear. Sepals 5, subequal, united at the base, 125 to 176 in.
long, linear, hispid. Corolla ‘6 in. long, light blue or violet and white,
pubescent without. Capsule :25 in. long. Hbermasera merquenstis,
T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. IX. 452 (1867); C. B. Clarke in Hook. f.
Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 402.

Perak: Wray 3966; Scortechina 285, 1356, alt. 400 to 600 ft. ;
King’s Collector 8284; Wray 4158. Trana: Goldham. Kepau: Curtis.
—Distris. Mergui.

This species in habit much resembles £. incana, and there is little to separate it
except the small bracts; the hairs on the upper surface of the mature leaves are
similar but smaller.

15. STAUROGYNE RACEMOSA, O. Kuntze Revisio I. 497 (1891). Stem
1 to 2 ft. high, pubescent, creeping at base. Leaves glabrate, usually
drying a red-brown ; blade 4 by 1:25 in., broadly lanceolate, acuminate
at either end; petiole ‘5 to 1:5 in. long. Spzkes usually peduncled,
simple or panicled, pubescent, up to 3 to 5 in. long, very lax; pedicels
distant, exceedingly short ; bracts lanceolate, hairy, 175 in. long. Calyx
of 5 equal lanceolate lobes, :175 in. long. Corolla -6 in. long, white,
tipped rose or purplish, pubescent without. Capswle -2 in. long, broad-
oblong. T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. IX. 452 (1867); C. B. Clarke
in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. TV. 401; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam.
IV. 338, 288. Ruellia racemosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 42. Hbermaiera
racemosa, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Il. 775. Erythracanthus racemosus, Nees
in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. III. 80, and in DC. Prodr. XI. 78.

Penane: Wallich 2336; Stoliczka; Deschamps; Hullett 124; Maingay
(K.D.) 1173; alt. 2000 ft., Keng’s Collector; Curtis 406. Matacca:

642 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Griffith. StneaporE: Walker 197. InprRaceri: Curtis. — Disrris.
Moulmein.

16. StTavROGYNE MACRANTHA, C. B. Clarke, n.sp. Stem 3 to 4 ft.
long, villous. Leaves glabrous, with a very few remote hairs on the
upper surface; blade 4:5 by 1:75 in., elliptic-lanceolate, subacute; base
cuneate; petiole -25 to 1 in. long, villous. Pedwncles two, penultimate,
3 in. long, villous, carrying small few-flowered panicles; bracts -2 in.
long, linear, very hairy. Sepals subequal, ‘175 in. long, linear, very
hairy. Corolla 1 in. long, pubescent without.

PERAK: at Lartt, alt. 4500 to 5000 ft., Kzng’s Collector 2417.

17. STAUROGYNE SERRULATA, C. B. Clarke, n.sp. Stem elongate,
villous upwards. Leaves 4 to 5 by 1:75 in., elliptic, acuminate at either
end; margin closely serrulate; both surfaces slightly pubescent ; petiole
‘dD to 1 in. long, villous. Peduncles 4, from the penultimate axils, 4 in.
long, villous; inflorescence 12- to 18-flowered, lax, pubescent; bracts
hardly -125 in. long, linear. Calyx -125 in. long. Corolla ‘75 in. long,
white, nearly straight, but the pedicels bent close under the calyx, so
as to bring the corollas horizontal. :

Perak: Ulu Batang Padang, Wray 1599; Scortechant.

4. CARDANTHERA, Voigt.

Herbs. Leaves opposite; upper toothed, rarely entire; lower fre-
quently pinnatifid. Flowers in axillary clusters (in non-Malayan species
running into terminal inflorescences); bracts and prophylla often
obscure or 0. Sepals narrow, often unequal. Corolla nearly straight ;
tube shorter than the calyx ; limb 2-lipped; lobes contorted in the bud.
Stamens 4, fertile; anther-cells oblong; pollen globose, small, with
numerous striz converging to the poles. Capsule sessile, narrow, seed-
bearing from the base. Seeds 30 to 100, on small, straight, conic, soft
funicles, hardly to be called retinacula (2. e. curved, rigid, pointed),
glabrous or slightly glandular, 7. e. not clothed with hygroscopic hairs.—
Distris. Species about 8 in India, 2 in Africa.

This genus should, according to Slater, be placed in the same Subfamily with
Staurogyne, the pollen being identical in the two genera.

CARDANTHERA TRIFLORA, Voigt Hort. Sub. Calc. 482 (1845). Pube-
scent, decumbent. ranches up to 1 ft. long. Leaves ovate, crenate-
serrate, the lower (when in water) often pinnatifid. Flowers 1 to 3 in
the axils; bracts ‘3 to 35 in. long, obovate; prophylla -25 in. long, oblong.
Sepals linear, unequal, about as long as the bract. Corolla °35 to °5 in.
long, purple and white. Capsule :25 to ‘35 in., pubescent; style thinly
hairy. C, B, Clarke in Hook, f, Fl, Br, Ind, IV, 405, Auellia triflora,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 643

Roxb. Hort. Beng. 46, and Fl. Ind. III. 52. Adenosma triflora, Nees
in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ITI. 79, and in DC. Prodr. XI. 68; T. Anders. in
Journ. Linn. Soc. IX. 454 (1867).

SINGAPORE : fide C. B. Clarke (in Hook. f. /. c.) —Distris. Abundant
in Bengal, extending to Pegu.

I do not find now in the Kew Herbarium any example of this from Singapore ; it
is nearly sure to grow in the Malay Peninsula.

5. Hyeropuina, R. Br.

Herbs, attaining 1 to 5 ft. high, more or less hairy. Stems quad-
rangular. Leaves opposite, equal, entire or crenate; the upper surface
full of rhaphides. lowers in continuous spikes or axillary clusters.
Calyx -25 to °d in. long, with 5 acute teeth, the lower half tubular in the
bud, often with 5 lines of very thin tissue, and split deeply in the
fruit; or 4-fid in H. spinosa. Corolla distinctly 2-lipped ; lower lip
trifid, the middle segment broader, emarginate. Stamens 4, didy-
namous, subsimilar, fertile (except in H. polysperma, where the two
lower are filaments only or nearly obsolete); filaments glabrous or
nearly so; anthers of two parallel subequal muticous cells ; pollen
globose, 15 to 35 » in diam., with 12 to 18 longitudinal ribs. Ovary
oblong, with 8 to 80 ovules; upper part of ovary and style more or less
hairy ; style with one linear branch, the other reduced to a small rudi-
ment. Capsule :25 to ‘5 in. long, linear-oblong, seed-bearing from the
base ; seeds 8 to 80, ovoid, flat, 50 » in diam., brown, nearly smooth on
faces, shaggy, with hygroscopic hairs on margin.—DistRis. Species
40, in the warmer parts of the globe; these fall into three well-marked
subgenera, the species of each of which are so closely allied as to be
esteemed subspecies only by some competent botanists.

Subgenus 1. HemrapELpuis (genus), Nees. Unarmed. Flowers
in terminal spikes :— _
Fertile stamens 2 :—
Bracts oblong or elliptic, as long as the calyx 1. H. polysperma.
Subgenus 2. HunyeropHina. Unarmed. Flowers in distant aril
lary clusters :—
Leaves lanceolate acute or linear :—

Flowers in dense axillary clusters .. .. 2. H. angustifolia.
Axillary clusters small, often 3- to 1- flowered .. 3. H. saxatilis.
Leaves obovate or oblong, triangular or obtuse th tip :—
Leaves oblong, all sessile or nearly so aC .. 7. H. subsessilis.
Leaves, or at least lower leaves, petioled :—
Corolla -25 to 35 in. long Si as .. 5. H. meianthos.

ig

644 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Corolla ‘5 to °8 in. long :—
Capsule -75 to ‘Sin. long. Calyx sparingly hispid .. 4. H. quadrivalvis.
Capsule ‘7 in. long. Calyx densely hispid . «. 6. H. phlomoides.
Subgenus 3. AsTeRAcANTHA (genus), Nees. Each whorl of axillary
flowers with some strong spines, often an inch long, round it :—
Leaves sessile. Corollalin.long .. oe .. 8. H. spinosa.

1. HyGropHinA POLYSPERMA, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. IX.
456 (1867). Small, procumbent, divided, sparingly pubescent. Leaves
1 by ‘d in., oblong or elliptic, nearly entire; base narrowed or shortly
petioled; upper surface full of rhaphides. Spzkes terminal, 1 to 2:5 in.
long, rather dense; bracts -25 to ‘35 in., elliptic; prophylla -25 in.,
lanceolate. Calyx °25 in., divided nearly to the base; segments 5,
linear, pubescent. Corolla -35 in. long, slender, pubescent, pale blue
or white. Stamens 2; the two posticous filaments without anthers,
sometimes nearly obsolete; anther-cells 2, oblong; pollen 25 » in diam.,
globose, with 12 to 16 longitudinal ribs.’ Ovary hairy towards the top;
style hairy; stigma of one linear and one suppressed branch. Capsule
‘25 to °35 in. long, oblong, hairy towards the top. Seeds 20 to 32,
orbicular, 40 to 50 » in diam., flattened, brown, shaggy on the margin
with hygroscopic hairs. Boiss. Fl. Orient. ITV. 519; C. B. Clarke in
Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 406; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam.
IV. 38, 297; Prain Beng. Plants 801. Justicia polysperma, Roxb.
Hort. Beng. 3, and Fl. Ind. 1.119. Hemiadelphis polysperma, Nees in
Wall. Pl. As. Rar. IIT. 80, and in DC. Prodr. XI.80; Wight Ill. t. 1648,
fig. 3, and Ic. t. 1492; Griff. Notul. TV. 135; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 776.

Mauacca: Griffith—DistTR1sp. Common throughout India; Kabul ;
Tonkin.

2. HyGROPHILA ANGUSTIFOLIA, R. Brown Prodr. 479 (1810). Stems
2 ft. high, often decumbent at base. Leaves -3 by ‘7 in., lanceolate,
attenuate at either end, subentire, glabrate; upper surface with many
rhaphides; petiole -25 in., sometimes ‘5 in. long. Flowers in distant
axillary dense clusters; bract ‘25 to 35 in. long, elliptic; prophylla
scarcely ‘25 in. long. “Calyx :35 to ‘5 in. long; lobes in flower hardly
half as long as the tube, triangular-linear, densely clothed with
conspicuous rhaphides, sparsely hispid or nearly glabrous. Corolla ‘5
to ‘7 in. long, pale purple. Stamens 4, fertile ; anther-cells 2, oblong,
muticous, at equal height; filaments glabrous; pollen 25 » in diam.,
globose, with 12 to 16 longitudinal ribs. Style hairy; stigma of the
genus. Capsule ‘d to ‘7 in. long, a little exceeding the calyx, 20- to
28-seeded. Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 91; Benth. Fl. Austral. V. 545 ;
Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soe. ser. 2, III. 333 (1893). 4. saletfolia,
Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. III. 81, and in DC. Prodr. XI. 92; Wight

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 645

Ic. t. 1490; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 407; Hemsl.
in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 237 (1890); Lindau in Engl. & Prantl
Pflanzenfam. IV. 33, 297; Ridley in Journ. As. Soc. Straits 121
(Singapore 1900); Prain Beng. Plants 801. H. lancea, Mig. in Ann.
Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. II. 123 (1865-66). Ruellia salicifolia, Vahl.
Symb. ITI. 84; Roxb. FI. Ind. IIT. 50.

SELANGOR: Curtis 2365. Panana: Ridley 1213. PrxKan and
Kenantan: fide Ridley—Distrie. From South India to China and
Japan.

The description above is taken from Wall. Cat. 23734, which is Nees’ ‘‘ type”
of Hygrophila salicifolia. The Selangor example differs from this in having the
capsules ‘8 in. long, in which point it resembles H. quadrivalvis, Nees, below.
T. Anderson esteemed the whole of the species in the present section to constitute
but one polymorphic species (Journ. Linn. Soc. IX. 456 (1867)). They are described
here shortly only, with reference to their differences from H. salicifolia, Nees, taken
as the standard form.

3. HyGROPHILA SAXATILIS, Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, IIT.
333 (1893). Small, rigid, branched, 6 to 14 in. high. Leaves approxi-
mated, 1 to 1:5 by -175 to -2 in., linear, entire, nearly glabrous.
Flowers in small axillary clusters, usually only 3 to 1 together. Corolla
‘35 tod in. long, hardly smaller than that of H. salicifolia, white
without, violet within. H. pusilla, Blume Bijdr. 804 ?

Pawane: Fizdley 2179. Perak: Scortechinz; alt. 300 ft.; Wray
3319, 3489; Curtis.— DistRip. Ceylon (Thwaites 3109); Borneo;
Philippines.

4. HYGROPHILA QUADRIVALVIS, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. III. 80
(1832). Stems stout, often 3 to 4 ft. long. Leaves with an obovate tri-
angular or obtuse tip; obovate rather than lanceolate, often crenulated
in the upper half. Calyx exactly as of H. saliczfolia. Corolla-7 to’8 in. long.
Capsule ‘75 to -8 in. long, often numerous in the whorl, very erect.
Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 89; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV.
408; Ridley in Journ. As. Soc. Straits 121 (Singapore 1900); Prain
Beng. Plants 801, 802. H. obovata, Wight Ic. t. 1489.

Penane : Deschamps; Curtis 1757; Durian $.B., King’s Collector 368
(flowers white). Manacca: Griffith; Maingay 1979 (Kew 1178).
SincaPporE: Lobb 57; Kurz; Hullett 231. Perak: Scortechini 64,
84, in salt swamps; Wray 2506; Mekong, Scortechina 1099 ; Durian
S.B., King’s Collector 364.—Distrip. India, common, especially near
the sea; Java, Borneo, Tonkin.

5. Hyaropama MEIANTHOS, C.B.Clarke, n.sp. Leaves obovate, 2 in.
long, nearly glabrous. Bract less than -25 in. long, oblong. Calyx

646 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

‘25 in. long, divided half-way down ; teeth sparsely white-hispid.
Corolla (expanded) -25 to 35 in. long. Anthers small, round. Capsule
scarcely -35 in. long. JH. salicifolia var. assurgens. C. B. Clarke in
Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 407 (partly).

Manacca: Maingay 3002 (K.D. 1177).

The examples are good with numerous flowers and ripe fruits, and appear
‘*normal’’ in all respects.

6. HyGROPHILA PHLOMOIDES, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. III. 80
(1832). Stems often very hairy. Leaves 2 to 4 in. long, obovate; tip
triangular, rarely subacute. Calyx divided half-way down; teeth
densely white-hispid, so that the whorls resembie somewhat those of
Philomis ; otherwise as H. quadrivalvis. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 779.
H. phlomoides, Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 90; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f.
Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 408; Prain Beng. Plants 801, 802. H. hirsuta, Roxb.
Fl. Ind. III. 51. A. phlomoides, Wall. Cat. 2376.— Rheede Hort.
Mal. II. 89, t. 46.

PENANG: Deschamps. SINGAPORE: fizdley 36124. SELANGOR:
Fiidley 8547, 10499. Perak: Scortechint 620, 1106, alt. 200 ft. ;
Wray 1748, 2432.—Disrris. India (common), Tonkin, Borneo.

Var. 6B Roxburgh, C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV.
408. Smaller, often procumbent and more divided. Leaves 1 to
2 in. long, often scabrid, pubescent. Prain Beng. Plants 801, 802.
H. obovata, Griff. Notul. IV. 1384 (not exactly that of Nees). Ruellra
obovata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 51.

Penane: Deschamps.—DIstRIp. Chittagong, Pegu, Mergui,
Philippines.

I do not see how this var. differs from H. radicans, Nees in Wali. Pl. As. Rar.
III. 81, and in DC. Prodr. XI. 92.

7. HyGroPHILA suBsEssitis, C. B. Clarke, n.sp. Stem, leaves and
inflorescence with brown hairs. Leaves 1:5 by 4 in., oblong, obscurely
obovate; tip triangular; base narrowed; nerves beneath conspicuous ;
petiole, even in the lower leaves, 0 or hardly any; otherwise as
HI. salicifohia.

Matacca: Harvey.

This resembles some forms of H. undulata, Blume, in which, however, the brown

hairs are not present, and the lower leaves are petioled.

8. Hyeropuina spinosa, T. Anders. in Thwaites Enum. Pl. Zeyl.
225 (1864). Stems stout, 2 to 5 ft. high. Leaves 3 to 6 in. long, lan-

Hlora of the Malayan Peninsula. ; 647

ceolate to linear, hispid, sessile. Flowers clustered in the axils, 4 to 6
of the outer bracts being strong spines an inch long. Bract ‘5 to 1 in.
long, lanceolate. Calyx :35 to -5 in. long, divided nearly to the base
into 4 lanceolate lobes, one of which is broader and sometimes emar-
ginate. Corolla 1 in. long, pale purple. Anthers and pollen of the
genus. Capsule -35 in. long, linear-oblong, 4- to 8-seeded from the base.
C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 409; Burkill in Dyer Fl.
Trop. Afr. VY. 31; C. B. Clarke in Dyer FI. Cap. V. 11 (with all
syn.); Prain Beng. Plants 802; A. longifolia, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc.
Beng. 1870, II. 78 (non Nees). Asteracantha longifolia, Nees in Wall.
Pl. As. Rar. ITI. 80, and in DC. Prodr. XI. 247; Wight Ic. t.. 449;
Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 811; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV.
3B, 297. A. auriculata, Nees in DC. l. c. 248.

SINGAPORE: King’s Collector 249.—Distrip. Abundant in India
and Africa.

Hygrophita longifolia, Nees (in Mart. Fl. Brasil, IX. 22 (1847)), is a totally different
plant; for this cause T. Anderson, when he transferred Asteracantha longifolia to

Hygrophila, gave it the new name H. spinosa. Nevertheless, some botanists call the
Asiatic Asteracantha by the name H. longifolia, thereby causing great confusion.

6. NomapninA, Blume.

Inflorescence in numerous 1-sided, open, axillary racemes shorter
than the leaves. Bract (and prophylla) inconspicuous, linear, or
wanting. Calyx even in the bud deeply divided (two-thirds or three-
fourths of the way down) into 5 lobes. Otherwise as Hygrophila.
Species 14, viz. 8 in South-east Asia, very closely allied, and 6 in
Tropical Africa.

This genus is in essentials Hygrophila, and is sunk in Hygrophila by both

Lindau and Burkill, but is easily distinguished from it, whether estimated a genus
or & subgenus.

1. Nomapuina stricta, Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 84 (1847). Nearly
glabrous, drying a black-green. Stems 3 ft. Leaves: blade 3 to 4:0 in.
long, narrowly elliptic, attenuate at either end; midrib beneath with
fine patent hairs; petioles up to 2 to 3 in. long. Corymbs in many
axils, 2 to 4 in. in diam., recurved in fruit; peduncles less than 1 in.
long; pedicels nearly glabrous; bract and prophylla linear, incon-
spicuous or 0. Calyx :25 to :35 in. long, divided nearly to the base ;
segments 5, linear, glabrous or minutely scabrous or hispid (not viscid
or glandular-hairy). Corolla ‘5 in. long or more, bright blue. F%la-
ments glabrous; pollen 20 mw in diam., globose, with 12 to 16 longi-
tudinal ribs. Ovary and style pubescent. Capsule -35 to ‘6 in. long ;

648 Flora of the Malayan Pennsula.

seeds small, ovoid, flattened, brown, shaggy on the margin, with hygro-
scopic hairs. C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 409. Justicoa
stricta, Vahl Symb. II. 6. Cryptophragnuwm aaillare, Nees in DC.
Prodr. XI. 96, cf. Vidal Phanerog. Cuming. Philipp. 61 am nota, 132.
Hygrophila stricta, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 38,
297 (non Hassk.).

PERAK : King’s Collector 367; Curtis 3152; Wray 4256; Scortechine.
JoHorE: Fzdley 4173, 11133.—Distris. Borneo, Philippines.

Nees himself, in DC. Prodr. XI. 722, united this species to N. corymbosa, Blume
Bijdr. 804 (1825); the latter is (when dried) a smoky grey-green; the pedicels and
calyx have viscous (and often glandular) hairs. The two are very close together.

2. Nomapuita minor, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Smaller in all its parts
than N. stricta. Leaves: lamina scarcely 2in. long. Corymb-branches
slender, glabrate. Corolla :25 to 35 in. long. Anthers and pollen
smaller. Capsule :25 to :35 in. long. N. stricta (partom), C. B. Clarke
in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 409. Ruellia ? paniculata, Herb. Rottler.

Perak: Scortechint 1374.—The example in Herb. Rottler is without
locality.

7. Rugwuia, Linn.

Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite, subequal, entire; upper
surface with rhaphides. lowers axillary (or panicled in American
species); bract 0; prophylla spathulate or subfoliaceous, exceeding the
calyx. Calyx deeply 5-fid ; segments subequal, linear. Corolla tubular-
ventricose, blue to white; lobes rounded, twisted to the left in the bud.
Stamens 4, didynamous; filaments glabrous; anthers of 2 oblong, sub-
equal, parallel, muticous, glabrous cells; pollen globose, large (80 to
50 » in diam.), honeycombed. Ovary glabrous; ovules 3 to 10 in each
cell; style hairy, with one linear branch, the other obsolete. Capsule
clavate; base solid, sterile; top ellipsoid or subglobose, with 6 or
more close-packed seeds; retinacula large, hooked. Seeds ovoid,
flattened, hygroscopically shaggy on margin.—Species 150 (Bentham)
or 200 (Lindau), in the warmer parts of the world, more abundant in
America.

But a considerable number of the species reckoned in Ruellia by Lindau have
not ‘‘ wabenpollen ” (honeycombed pollen), but ‘‘ stachelpollen”’ (prickly pollen) ; so
that the species left in Ruellia may not be more than 120 to 150, and possibly may be
much fewer, if (as in the above diagnosis) the genus is: restricted to those plants
which have a stalked clavate capsule [Dipteracanthus (genus), Nees].

1. RuELLIA REPENS, Linn. Mant. 89 (1767) (not of Burm.). Sparingly
hairy or glabrate. Stem 6 to 20 in., weak, often much branched.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 649

Leaves 1 by °35 to ‘5 in., lanceolate, nearly always narrowed at the
base, entire; upper surface sprinkled with rhaphides; petiole ‘125 to -2 in.
Flowers axillary, mostly solitary; bract 0; prophylla spathulate or
foliaceous, exceeding the calyx. Calyx ‘2 in. long, divided nearly to the
base into 5 subequal linear segments. Corolla ‘75 in. long. Capsule
‘5 in. long, contracted,. sterile at the base; the seeds (usually 5 to 8)
imbricated near the top. Blume Bijdr. 794; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn.
Soc. IX. 460 (1867) ; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 412; Ridley
in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, III. 332 (1893); Lindau in Engl. & Prantl
Pflanzenfam. IV. 38, 310; Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 238
(1890); Ridley in Journ. As. Soc. Straits, 121 (Singapore 1900).
Dipteracanthus lanceolatus, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. III. 82, and
in DC. Prodr. XI. 124; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 782. D. subdenticulatus,
Miq.! Journ. Bot. Néerl. I. 117 (1861). Fostellularia sarmentosa, herb.
Buitenz.! (non Nees).

Penane: Curtis 1876. Matacca: Griffith. Stnearore: Lobb;
T. Anderson; Hullett; Ridley 2698, 10725. Kenan: Lfidley 5780.
PaHAnG: fide Ridley. Prax: Scortechint 1283.—Distris. A common
Malay plant, extending to Tenasserim on one side, to China and the
Philippines on the other.

The plate of Burmann (FI. Ind. t. 41, fig. 1) is good, and represents a plant not of
the genus Ruellia. In the Addit. to Mant. 515 (1771), Linnzus says his Ruellia repens
was Burmann, t. 41, fig.1; it may be more correct to call this species R. repens,
Blume. Nees, in DC. Prodr. XI. 370, says his Rostellularia sarmentosa had the
capsule ‘‘4-seeded from the base,’’ so that there is probably some error in the
Rostellularia surmentosa issued from Buitenzorg.

Var. 6 linearis, C. B. Clarke. Leaves 2°25 by -2 to 25 in.
Panane: fidley 2182. Ipon: Deschamps.

Ruellia prostrata, Lam. Encyel. VI. 349 (ef. Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 411), ditfers
a little from R. repens, Linn., by having larger flowers and capsules, and the leaves
usually rather larger. In the Kedah cxample, Ridley, n. 5750, the flowers are more
than 1 in. long, and the capsules more than ‘75 in. long; and Ridley has issued it as
* R. prostrata’”’; the habit and small leaves are typical R. repens.

| R. angustiflora, Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. II. 1079 (R. angustifolia, Lindau in
Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 38, 311), is a large-flowered American Ruellia, which
appears to spread from gardens in Malaya; it was collected in Penang by Stoliczka,
in Singapore by Deschamps and Hullett, n. 176.]

8. APORUELLIA, C. B. Clarke, n. gen.

Pollen with minute prickles or papille, or granulated; not honey-
eombed; otherwise as Ruellia.

650 Flora of the Malayan Penmnsula.

To Aporuellia may be referred Ruellia flagelliformis, Hemsley; R. trichotoma,
Nees; R. acaulis, R. Brown; R. spiciflora, Benth. ; R. australis, R. Brown; R. Guppy,
Hemsley; and several other South-east Asian unnamed plants. Whereas all the
Hindostan species of Ruellia have honeycombed pollen, the species of Aporuellia come
from Malaya, South China, and Australia.

1. APORUELLIA SUMATRENSIS, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Stem 11 in.
high, with few or small leaves except at the base. Lower leaves :
lamina 5 by 1°5 in., entire, sparsely puberulous; tip obtuse, triangular ;
base attenuated ; upper surface dotted; the rhaphides obscure ; petioles
up to 1°5 in. long. Flowers in distant small clusters on long-peduncled
spikes. Floral leaves passing into bracts, ovate or obovate, minutely
pubescent, very variable in size. Calyx ‘175 in. long, divided rather more
than half-way down; teeth 5, linear. Corolla ‘35 in. long ; tube linear.
Stamens 4, didynamous; anthers subsimilar, of two parallel muticous
cells; filaments glabrous; pollen small, globose, 25 » in diam., granular.
Style hairy, one branch linear, the other nearly wanting. Capsule
‘6 in. long, seed-bearing from the base; seeds about 12, ovate, com-
pressed, shaggy, with hygroscopic hairs on the margin.

SumaTRA: R. Moesie, alt. 600 ft., H. O. Forbes 2636!

Var. 6 Firdleys, C. B. Clarke. Leaves more obovate than in the
type, completely rounded at the top; flowers pure white (Ridley).

SELANGOR: Batu Caves, Ridley 8213; Kwala Lumpor, Curtzs 2364.

2. APORUELLIA AXILLARIS, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Branches (seen)
1 foot long, undivided ; internodes 2 in. long. Leaves opposite, equal ;
blade 3°25 by 1:5 in., ovate-triangular, subobtuse, slightly hispidulous,
suddenly attenuate at base; petiole -25in. long. Flowers in clusters of
1 to 3in the axils, supported by oblong bracts ‘25 to°35in. long. Sepals
5, linear, 2 in. long, pubescent. Corolla ‘8 in. long, narrowly-funnel-
shaped. Stamens 4; anther-cells 2, parallel, oblong, obtuse at base;
pollen globose, 45 » in diam., papillose, subechinate. Capsule nearly
‘) in. long, stalked, with 7 flattened seeds in the clavate head.

Matay Peninsuta: Songkah, Curtis.

This plant—in habit, leaves, inflorescence, corolla, capsule—simulates the very
common Ruellia prostrata, Lam., var. dejecta ; the pollen is unlike.

9. Stenotuyrsus, C. B. Clarke, n. gen.

Inflorescence a terminal, peduncled, compound, many-flowered,
nearly glabrous, subebracteate-linear panicle (8 to 12 by °75 in.);
otherwise as Henugraphis.

This genus agrees in character very closely with the ‘Tropical African genera
Mellera and Paulo-Wilhelmia, but the habit and hairs are very different.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 651

1. Srenoruyrsus Ripueyi, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Upper leaf: blade
up to 8 by 2 in., obovate-lanceolate, acuminate at either end, acute,
nearly glabrous, entire, reticulate, full of rhaphides; main nerves 12
pair, oblique; petiole 1:5 in. long. Peduncle 1 to 4 in.; thyrsus
interrupted at base, of 20 to 50 flowers, clustered in very small opposite
cymes; bracts inconspicuous, setaceous. Calyx ‘175 in. long; sepals 5,
linear, full of rhaphides. Corolla 1 to 1:5 in. long, blue; tube cylindric,
narrow-campanulate in the upper half, minutely hairy. Stamens 4,
subsimilar; filaments glabrous, connected in pairs; anthers long, of 2
linear-oblong cells at equal height, pubescent, minutely 1- to 2-mucro-
nate at the base, connective mucronate at tip; pollen globose, 40 » in
diam., longitudinally 20-ribbed. Style thinly hairy, with one oblong-
linear and one suppressed branch. Capsule (not ripe) narrowly ellip-
soid, glabrate, seed-bearing from the base, with eight ovate flattened
seeds.

Perak: Tambun Loh, Ridley 9770; Ipoh, limestone rocks,
Curtis 3149. |

Ridley placed this plant close to Strobilanthes; the numerous capsules are all
8-seeded. There are, on one sheet, three thyrsi 8 to 12 by 1 in., and one thyrsus
reduced (apparently accidentally) to a dense head.

10. Hemigrapuis, Nees.

Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite, subequal, often crenate,
sometimes lobed; upper surface with rhaphides, which are sometimes
altogether obscure. lowers in terminal spikes, or rarely in 1- to
3-flowered small heads on axillary peduncles; bract usually exceeding
the calyx, lanceolate or ovate; prophylla linear, short or 0. Calyx
deeply 5-fid; segments lanceolate-linear or linear, subequal. Corolla
tubular-campanulate, blue to white; lobes rounded, twisted in the bud.
Stamens 4, didynamous; anthers of 2 oblong, subequal, parallel,
muticous, glabrous cells; filaments glabrous, or the 2 longer with many
long hairs; pollen rather large, from short-ellipsoid to oblong-ellipsoid ;
the 12 to 16 longitudinal ribs reaching to the poles; stopples 2. Ovary
oblong, with 6 to 12 ovules, usually hairy at tip; style shortly hairy at
base; stigma of one elongate and one suppressed lobe. Capsule oblong
or linear-obovoid, slightly flattened, hardly stalked; seeds 6 to 12,
ovoid, flattened, with much hygroscopic hair on the margin.—Species
30 perhaps, in South-east Asia and Polynesia.

To this genus belong Ruellia repanda, Linn.; R. Ravacensis, Nees; R. nemorosa,

Zoll.; R. colorata, Nees; and, as Bentham says, most of Nees’ first section of
Ruellia.

652 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

Sect. 1. Flowers less than °75 in. long, 1 to 3 Gee in small

short-peduncled heads oe 2c 1. H. Ridley.
Sect. 2. Flowers less than -75 in. long, in eri goes
spikes :—
Sepals softly hairy, tips ligulate-triangular :—
Mature leaves nearly glabrate 50 Sc .. 2. H. confinis.
Mature leaves hairy 3. H. hirsuta.

Sepals with linear-subulate white- hhiseid tips :—
Capsule hardly :25 in. long, nearly terete ws .. 4. H. alternata.

Capsule more than ‘25 in. long, obovoid, flattened 5. H. platycarpos.

1. Hemicrapuis Ripueyi, C. B. Clarke, n.sp. Branches (seen) 1 foot
long, rambling or creeping, rooting, scabrid-pubescent with small sub-
erect hairs. Leaves in equal opposite pairs; blade 2 by 1 in., ovate-
elliptic, acute, crenate; upper surface with few scattered several-celled
bristles (few of these bulbous at base), and with many conspicuous
rhaphides ; petioles -25 to -35 in. long. Flowers 1 to 3 in small heads
on axillary peduncles :175 to -25 in. long; bract oblong -35 in. long ;
bracteoles (prophylla) linear, hardly half as long as the calyx. Calyx
‘175 in. long; sepals lanceolate-linear, with several-celled white hairs.
Corolla °5 in. long. Stamens and anthers of the genus; filaments with
long white simple hairs; pollen 60 by 30 », with 12 to 16 ribs and two
large stopples. Ovary oblong, 8-ovulate, glabrous, but hairy at the top.
Style slightly hairy at the base; one stigmatic branch elongate, the
other suppressed. Capsule not seen.

Pawane: Fiidley 2180 (probably H. confinis, Ridley in Trans. Linn.
Soe. ser. 2, ITT. 332 (1893) ).

This is allied, in inflorescence and habit, to Hemigraphis ravacensis (Nees sub
Ruellia).

9. HEMIGRAPHIS CONFINIS, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. IX. 463
(1867). Stem 2 feet, branching, pubescent. Leaves: blade up to 4 by
1-7 in., elliptic, narrowed at either end, obscurely crenate, mature a
grey-green and nearly glabrous; rhaphides in the upper surface obscure ;
petiole ‘25 in. long. Sprkes 1 to 2 by 7 in., continuous but rather loose ;
bract *5 in. long, obovate or elliptic with triangular tip; prophylla
linear, hardly half as long as the calyx. Calyx °35 in. long, softly
hairy; sepals igulate upwards with triangular tip. Corolla -5 in. long.
Stamens of the genus; filaments nearly glabrous; pollen 50 by 30 p,
with 12 to 16 longitudinal ribs and no stopples. Ovary glabrous, except
at the tip; style of the genus. Capsule ‘25 in. long, slightly flattened,
glabrous except at the tip, 8-seeded nearly from the base. OC. B. Clarke
in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 423. Ruellia confims, Nees in DC. Prodr.
XI. 148; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 788.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 653

Mauacca: Cuming 2354; Groffith (K.D.) 6188; Hervey; Hullett;
Maingay 1754, 3147, (K.D.) 1174.—Distris. Borneo.

3. HmmigraPHis Hirsuta, T. Anders. in Journ. Agri.-Hort. Soc. Ind.
N.S. I. 270 (1868). Hairy. Leaves (even fully mature) hairy beneath ;
the upper surface densely clothed by conspicuous rhaphides; otherwise
as H. confinis, T. Anders. Justicoa hirsuta, Vahl Symb. II. 3, Enum.
I. 121. J. brunelloides, Lam. Illustr. I. 40. Nelsonia hirsuta, Roem. &
Sch. Syst. I. 172.

Mauacca: Fzdley 10759.—Disrris. Java, Borneo.

This may be esteemed merely a hairy var. of H. confinis, but was kept up by
T. Anderson. There are several other Malay sp. of Hemigraphis very closely allied.

4. HEMIGRAPHIS ALTERNATA, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. VII.
114 (1864). Stem 12 to 18 in., rooting near the base, pubescent.
Leaves: blade 2°5 by :75 to 1 in., narrowed at either end, obscurely
crenate, mature, sparsely hispid-pubescent; upper surface sprinkled with
rhaphides ; petiole 25 to ‘5in. long. Spekes ‘5 to 1:5 in. long, loose ;
bract ‘5 to ‘7 in. long, oblong subacute, hispid on margins. Calyx
‘°30 in. long; sepals lanceolate with linear tips, lower part glabrate,
densely covered with rhaphides; tips with some several-celled white
hispid hairs. Corolla, stamens, ovary, as of H. confinis, T. Anders.
Capsule scarcely ‘25 in. long, very little compressed, not obovoid, with
10 to 12 seeds placed subequally along its whole length, glabrous
except at the tip. uellia alternata, Burm. FI. Ind. 135 (excluding tab.
Eheeder). &. discolor, Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 149. &. Blumeana,
Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 149; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 789 (as to his vay.
(Zollinger 660) only).

Panane: Ardley 2183 (‘flower white”). JoHorn: Rzdley 11129.—
Distris. Java, Sumatra.

Described from the Nees two types (Zollinger 343, 660) written up by his
hand at Kew. Miquel’s ‘‘ R. Blumeana’’ (named by his hand, and the same plant
issued as R. Blumeana from the Buitenzorg Garden) is Hemigraphis Decaisneana,
T. Anders., a species that has the capsule hairy to the base, and the leaves tubercular-
scabrous.

5. HEMIGRAPHIS PLATYCARPOS, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Spukes
longer, denser (than in H. Blumeana), with broader bracts, more
softly hairy, less hispid. Capsule exceeding -25 in. long, linear-
obovate, much flattened, with 8 seeds, sterile at the base; otherwise
as H. Blumeana.

Panane: Firdley 1408. Jonore: Ridley 11128.

654 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

11. Enpopocon, Nees.

Fertile stamens 2; otherwise as Strobilanthes.—Species 20, in South
(or Hast) India, extending to Singapore.

This genus is hardly worth re-establishing as a split-off from Strobilanthes, but
Lindau has introduced the point of ‘2 fertile stamens only” into his diagnosis of
Pseudostenosiphonium ; so that it is necessary either to call Hndopogon a genus or to
re-unite both in Strobilanthes. Strobilanthes is so very large that it is as convenient
to treat it under 4 genera as under 4 subgenera.

1. Enpopocon Ripueyi, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Puberulous. Leaves
opposite, unequal, up to 6 by 2 in., elliptic, acuminate at either end,
subentire ; upper surface with scattered rhaphides ; petioles up to 1 in.
long. Peduncles 0 to ‘7 in. long, one from each axil (2.e. in opposite
unequal pairs), each carrying one green strobilate spike, pendent
in flower, 1 to 1:5 in. long; bracts -75 in. long, elliptic, acute, almost
papery, loosely but closely imbricate, adnate at the base. Flowers 2,
sessile, under each bract, without prophylla. Calyx -125 in. long,
d-fid to the base; sepals pubescent, 2 lanceolate-lmear, 3 linear.
Corolla *25 in. long in the bud (perhaps not much longer when ex-
panded), white. Stamens 2, fertile; filaments glabrous; pollen 60 by
40 p, longitudinally ribbed. Ovary (and style) glabrous, with 2 ovules
in each cell.

SINGAPORE : Stagmount, Adley 5987, 11255.

Allied to S. adnatus, C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. LV. 436, which is an
Endopogon.

12. SrRopiLANntTHEs, Blume.

Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite, often very unequal, some-
times falsely alternate, crenate serrate or subentire; the upper surface
usually full of rhaphides. Inflorescence various; the flowers often in
heads or strobilate, sometimes solitary in lax panicles, sometimes in
small clusters which are panicled; floral leaves prominent or small,
persistent or caducous, often passing into true bracts (‘‘ deckblaetter”’) in
the upper part of a spike; bracteoles (prophylla) 2, often similar to the
sepals, or wanting (but in the axil of a bracteole a bud is sometimes to
be found). Calyx of 5 (usually rather large) segments, subequal,
divided nearly to the base in the Malay species. Corolla tubular-
campanulate ; lobes rounded, twisted in the bud. Stamens (fertile) 4,
didynamous; anther-cells 2, muticous; pollen large, ellipsoid (rarely
subglobose), with 16 to 20 (rarely few) longitudinal ribs and 2 stopples.
Ovary oblong or ellipsoid with 2 ovules in each cell, sometimes stalked ;
style with one long branch, the other suppressed. Capsule oblong or

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 655

narrow-ellipsoid, short-stalked, 4-seeded, or in many species with
only 2 seeds.—Species about 200, 7.e. after the genera Hndopogon,
Nees, Pseudostenosiphonium, Lindau, and Acanthopale, C. B. Clarke,
have been taken out; extending from warmer Africa to China and
Australia.

Sect. 1. Heads capitate, occluded (except the corollas) between
two erect persistent bract-like floral leaves :—
Leaves scarcely hairy ; bracts obtuse 1. S. Maingayi.
Leaves pubescent; bracts produced in a strongly enlalbite tip . S. bibracteatus.
Leaves rufous-ciliate on margins; bracts with some rufous
hairs So o0 ie 50 .. 3.8. hirtisepalus.
Sect. 2. Flowers strobilate or in short heads, with conspicuous
rufous hair :—

lo

Heads ovoid, ‘1 in. long; bracts ‘5 in. long, linear 4, S. rufo-sepalus.

Heads strobilate, 2°25 in. long; bracts -7 in. long, ita

late-oblong .. : .. 95. S.rufo-strobilatus.

Heads capitate, 1-5 in. ree bracts 15 in. long, aan .. 6. S. rufo-capitatus.

Heads 2- to 3-flowered, very small; bracts ‘25 to 1 in. long,

spathuJate .. 56 .. 7. S. rufo-pauper.
Sect. 3. Flowers Probilete tie grey heiee 00 .. 8. S. Dyerianus.

Sect. 4. Flowers panicled ; bracts caducous or inconspicuous :—
Panicle 8 by 5 in.; the flowers in opposite distant parts .. 9. S. collinus.
Panicle 6 by 1 in.; branches scarcely :25 in. long -. 10. S.pachyphyllus.

1. StRoBILANTHES Matneayi, C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind.
TV. 448 (1884). Perennial, 2 to 4 ft. high, sparingly pubescent.
Leaves opposite, often very unequal, the larger 3 by 1 to 1-265 in.,
crenulate, tip acuminate; midrib beneath minutely scabrid; surface
beneath often microscopically furfuraceo-puberulous, rarely at all
hairy ; petiole 125 to -25 in., pubescent. Flowers 1 to 5, capitate, in
an ovoid subsessile head enclosed by two ovate erect floral bract-like
leaves ; bract 1 by -25 in., quadrate-oblong, keeled, tip rather wide,
subobtuse, crenate; prophylla similar to sepals. Sepals -4 in. long,
glabrous, oblong-subacute, membranous. Corolla 2 in. long, white (so
noted on several collections) ; tube long, narrow, funnel-shaped, linear
at base. Stamens 4, fertile, subsimilar; anthers oblong; filaments
glabrous, except sometimes 2 or 3 hairs close to the base; pollen ellip-
soid, large (70 by 40 u), with 12 to 16 longitudinal ribs and 2 stopples.
Style with a few scattered hairs. Capsule (not seen in the type
examples) oblong, -5 in. long, with 4 seeds, shaggy all over with
hygroscopic hairs.

Prenane : Maingay (K.D.) 1182; alt. 1800 to 2000 ft., Radley 7167 ;
King’s Collector 1545, 1791. Kenan: Curtis 298. Prrax: 3000 to
4000 ft., King’s Collector 8316. Srnancor: Kelsall 2004.

656 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

The “ type”’ of S. Maingayi (K.D. 1182) has supplied neither flower nor fruit;
the above description is taken largely from Curtis 298. In King’s Collector 1545, the
collector notes ‘flowers dark blue, white inside”; but I can find no difference
between this n. 1545 and n. 1791 (noted as having white flowers) collected by the
same collector in the same locality.

2. STROBILANTHES BIBRACTEATUS, Blume Bijdr. 799 (1825). Rather
more pubescent than S. Maingayt. Leaves often with scattered hairs
on the surface beneath. Tps of the bracts produced, conspicuously
toothed. Fvlaments, in their whole lower half, with long, deflexed
several-celled hairs; otherwise as S. Maingayr. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.
II. 801. Goldfussia bibracteata, Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 174.
Dicliptera ? crenata, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 844.

Perak: Maxwell’s Hill, Rzdley 5516; Wray 174, 1674; Scortechina
337, 1413.—Distris. Java, Sumatra.

There is another closely allied plant collected in Sumatra (Forbes 1906), which
differs little but by having the flowers ‘‘ pale purplish blue.” S. erosus, Nees in DC.
Prodr. XI. 181, appears to be this species, as Nees suspected; but I have seen no
authentic example of S. erosus.

3. STROBILANTHES HIRTISEPALUS, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. More hairy
than S. bibracteatus. Leaves minutely rufous-hairy on the margins.
Floral leaves (involucral bracts) with rufous hairs. Sepals linear,
very hairy, with rufous several-celled hairs. Otherwise as S.
bibracteatus.

Perak: Lartt, alt. 1000 to 1500 ft. King’s Collector 2215;
Scortechint 940.

4. STROBILANTHES RUFO-SEPALUS, C.B.Clarke,n.sp. Branches 18 in.
long, rufous-hairy, procumbent, divided, rooting near the base. Leaves
opposite, one about twice as long as the other, longer one 2:25 by
‘25 in.; elliptic-acuminate, crenate, sparsely hispid on the upper
surface ; rhaphides obscure; petiole -2 in. long. Heads 1 in. long,
ovoid, few-flowered, terminal and axillary. Bracts linear, ‘d in. long,
with several-celled bright-rufous hairs. Sepals ‘35 in. long, linear-
subulate, with several-celled bright-rufous hairs in the upper half.
Corolla 1 in. long; tube campanulate from a short linear base.
Stamens 4; longer filaments hairy in their lower half; pollen 50 by
30 p, longitudinally ribbed. Style glabrous, except close to the apex of
capsule. Capsule ‘35 in. long, glabrate, with 4 young seeds.

Prenanea: alt. 2000 ft., Radley & Curtis 2761. Prrax: Scortechin ;
Ipoh, Curtis.

This species is near Strobilanthes anamiticus, O. Kuntze Revisio, I. 498 (1891).

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 657

5. STROBILANTHES RUFO-STROBILATUS, C. B. Clarke,n.sp. Branches
rufous-hairy, creeping, rooting at the base. Leaves opposite, nearly
equal, 4 by 2in., cuneate at either end, crenate, nearly glabrate on
the upper surface; petiole ‘5 in. long. Heads strobilate, 2 to 2:5 in.
long; bracts (floral leaves) prominent even to the top of the head, -7 by
‘25 in., narrowed at either end; bracts ‘5 in. long, linear-spathulate,
densely rufous with several-celled hairs. Sepals -4 in. long, linear, rufous-
hairy. Corolla 1:25 in. long ; tube campanulate, curved ; lobes “ purple ”’
(Scortechini). Stamens 4; filaments hairy. Ovary pubescent at the
apex, 4-ovulate; pollen 70 by 40 p, longitudinally multi-striate.

Perak: Scortechina 225.

6. STROBILANTHES RUFO-CAPITATUS, C. B. Clarke, n. sp.‘ Shrubby
creeper, 6 to 8 ft. long.” Branches rufous-hairy. Leaves subequal or
very unequal, up to 8 by 3°5 in., cuneate at either end, crenate; upper
surface nearly glabrate; petioles -35 in. long. Heads sessile or
peduneled, 1 to 2 in. long, densely clothed with bright rufous several-
celled long hairs; bracts (floral leaves) -75 by 125 in., linear, shaggy
on the margin, with rufous hairs -125 in. long; bracts -25 to °35 in.
long; rufous-hairy ; sepals linear, 25 in. long, rufous-hairy. ‘ Corolla
white.”

Perak: alt. 2500 to 3000 ft., Keng’s Collector 10935 ; Scortechina 568.

7. STROBILANTHES RUFO-PAUPER, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Slender,
procumbent, rooting at the nodes, pubescent. Leaves opposite, more or
less unequal, up to 2 by -7 in., elliptic-lanceolate, crenate; upper surface
nearly glabrous; petioles -125 to -25 in. long. Heads very small,
2- to 3-flowered; bracts (floral leaves) -25 to 1 in. long, very narrowly
spathulate, sparingly or obscurely hairy; bracts -25 in. long, linear,
more or less rufous-hairy. Calyx -2 in. long; sepals linear, pubescent,
with long several-celled straight rufous hairs at the tips. Corolla 1 in.
long, “blue” (Ridley), nearly straight, narrow-funnel-shaped. Stamens
4; filaments glabrous; pollen 70 by 40 p, longitudinally ribbed. Ovary
and style glabrous. Capsule with 4 hairy seeds.

Perak: Maxwell’s Hill, alt. 3000 ft., Wray 4192; the Cottage, alt.
5000 ft., Rzdley 5515.

8. STROBILANTHES DyERianus, Masters in Gard. Chron. ser. 3,
XIII. 442 (1893). Shrubby, vagant. Leaves opposite, unequal, sessile ;
blade of the larger one up to 7 by 3 in., elliptic-lanceolate, subacute,
crenulate, nearly glabrate, often auricled at the base. Pedwncles axillary,
1 to 3 in. long, with scattered, small, ovate leaves (-75 in. long), each ter-
minated by a strobilate spike 1 to 2 in. long, pubescent (without rufous
hair). Sracts -25 to ‘35 in. long, round-obovate. Corolla 1:3 in. long,
violet-blue, Stamens 4; filaments glabrous; anther-cells short-oblong ;

658 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

pollen 50 p» long, 30 » broad, with 12 to 14 strong longitudinal stria-
tions. Kew Bull. 1894, Append. II. 51; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 7574.
Penane: Curtis.

This may not be indigenous in the Malay Peninsula. A note of Curtis says
‘* originally collected in Burma by Boxall.”

9. STROBILANTHES COLLINUS, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. III. 86
(1832). Attains 4 ft. Leaves opposite, equal, up to 10 by 3 in,
elliptic, acuminate at either end, serrate, nearly glabrous, clothed with
rhaphides on both surfaces ; petiole hardly lin. long. Pamnicles terminal,
open, often 8 by 5 in.; the flowers sessile, distant, in opposite pairs
along the pubescent branches; bracts narrowly obovate-oblong, obtuse,
‘75 in. long, early falling. Sepals 5, subequal, -25 in. long, linear,
hairy. Corolla 1:5 in. long, narrow, tubular-campanulate, white tinged
pink. Stamens 4; filaments hairy ; pollen ellipsoid, longitudinally striate.
Ovary and style pubescent. Capsule -7 in., linear-oblong, pubescent ;
seeds 4, hairy. Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 192; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.
TV. 801; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. IX. 476 (1867); C. B. Clarke
in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 465. Ruwellza collina, Wall. Cat. 2348.

SmncaporE: Lobb. PEnanc: Wallich 2343. Prrax: alt. 2000 ft.,
Curtis 1313; alt. 300 to 800 ft., Keng’s Collector 7271, 8490.

10. STROBILANTHES PACHYPHYLLUS, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Shrub, up
to 4 ft. high. Leaves opposite, equal, 5-5 by 2 in., elliptic, obscurely
obovate, acute at either end; under surface pubescent (‘silvery grey”
when fresh), densely clothed with rhaphides, obscurely crenate, remark-
ably thick, hard in texture; petiole 15 in. Pamicle terminal, long-
peduncled, 6 by 1 in.; lateral branches scarcely -25 in. long. Sepals 5,
subequal, ‘25 in. long, linear, glabrous, full of rhaphides. Corolla 1:25 in.
long, very narrowly tubular-campanulate, light-blue. Stamens 4; fila-
ments hairy in the lower half; anthers oblong, muticous; pollen
exactly globose, 40 » in diam., 20-ribbed, 2-stoppled. Style thinly hairy.

Perak: hill-top, Scortechina 1786; alt. 1600 to 2000 ft., Kzng’s
Collector 7150.

The material represents the species imperfectly ; it appears allied to S. collinus,
Nees; the texture of the leaves is distinctive, and the globose pollen is very unusual
in the genus Strobilanthes.

13, ACANTHOPALE, C. B. Clarke, n. gen.
Pollen globose, echinate, without ribs; otherwise as Strobzlanthes.
Species 8, in tropical Africa with Madagascar; and many Indian.

Among the Strobilanthes to be removed to Acanthopale are S. lanceolatus, Nees ;
S. pulneyensis, C,B. Clarke; S. Zenkerianus, T. Anders.; S. Arnottianus, Nees;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 659

S. exsertus, C. B. Clarke; S. ixiocephalus, Benth.; S. Gardnerianus, T. Anders. ;
S. vestitus, Nees; S. lawus, T. Anders.; S. Hookeri, Nees; S. Andersonii, Benth. ;
S. bolamputtensis, Bedd.; S. acrocephalus, T. Anders.; S. radicans, T. Anders.;
S. debilis, Hemsl.; S. divaricatus, T. Anders. ; S. oliganthus, Miq.; S. japonicus, Miq.

1. ACANTHOPALE ? mauAsica, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Branch nearly
round, glabrate, at the tip sparsely hairy. Leaves opposite, equal ;
blade 2:5 by 1 to 1:5 in., elliptic-triangular, nearly entire, scarcely
pubescent; upper surface with rhaphides; tip hardly acute; base deltoid ;
petiole -25 in. long. Flowers in poor, axillary, sessile or short-
peduncled spikes; floral leaves caducous, not seen; bract °5 in. long,
linear-ligulate, glabrous; bracteoles (prophylla) -25 in. long, linear,
glabrous. Sepals 5, equal, :25 in. long, linear, slightly hairy at the tips.
Corolla “75 in. long at least, nearly glabrous. Stamens 4, perfect; fila-
ments glabrous; anthers oblong, muticous, parallel, at equal height ;
pollen globose, 50 » in diam., with bluntish spines, not ribbed. Ovary
glabrous; style thinly hairy, one branch long, the other suppressed.
Capsule ‘7 in. long, with a long sterile base; seeds 4, crowded in the
globose head, hygroscopic-shaggy.

KepaH: Lankawi Island, Adley 8298. ‘

The doubt as to the genus of this plant arises because the specimen is in such a
state that I am not sure that the grain of pollen described may not have been a
stray grain.

14. AcantuHus, Linn.

Harsh glabrous shrubs. Leaves often prickly. Flowers showy,
spiked ; bract ovate; prophylla (bracteoles) 2 or 0. Calyx 4-partite
nearly to the base; 2 inner segments much narrower than the 2 outer,
subopposite. Corolla strongly 2-lipped; the posticous lip 0, 7. e. trun-
cated close to the base; anticous lip 3-lobed, nearly flat, blue or white;
the mid-lobe bifid. Stamens 4, subsimilar; filaments glabrous. <Anthers
1-celled, oblong, muticous, conspicuously fringed by white hairs ; pollen
ellipsoid, with 3 narrow longitudinal chinks. Ovary with 2 to 4 ovules in
each cell. Capsule ellipsoid, woody, large, shining brown, 2- (rarely 4-)
seeded; seeds discoid, without hairs.—Distris. Species 8 or 10,
extending from South Europe and Africa to Polynesia.

Stiff, erect shrubs :—

Corolla 1-25 in. long, blue; prophylla -25 in. long .. 1. A. ilicifolius.
Corolla °75 in. long, white; prophylla 0 aC .. 2. A. ebracteatus.
Twining, subscandent as oe 36 .. 3. A. volubilis.

1. AcantHuUs micirotius, Linn. Sp. Pl. 639 (1753). Shrub with
many stout branches, 1 to 5 ft. high. Leaves 4 to 7 by 1 to 3 in,
18

660 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

subpinnatifid, spinous, nearly sessile. Spekes 6 by 1:5 in.; bracts °3 in.
long, ovate; prophylla -25 in. long, triangular-lanceolate. Calyx-
segments; 2 outer subsimilar, °5 to ‘7 by ‘3 in., round-ovate; 2 inner
(alternate with the outer) shorter, much narrower. Corolla 1:25 in.
long or more, blue. Capsule 1 by ‘5 in.; seeds large, with close brain-
like convolutions. Benth. Fl. Austral. IV. 548 (partly); C. B. Clarke
in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 481 (wath syn.); Lindau in Engl. &
Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 38, 319; Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXVI.
242 (1890); Prain Beng. Plants 800. ‘

Penance: Deschamps, King. Mawuacca: Griffith. SInGapore:
Ridley 8097. Perak: Wray 2494, 2499; Scortechint.—Distrip. In
saline mud, from Africa to Polynesia.

Var. £6 integrifolia, T. Anders. Axillary peduncles numerous,
running into large terminal panicles; leaves elongate, lanceolate, entire
or nearly so.—Distris. Andamans.

2. ACANTHUS EBRACTEATUS, Vahl Enum. II. 75, t. 40 (1791).
Bracts caducous ; prophylla 0. Calyx :3 in. long. Corolla:75 in. long,
white ; otherwise as A. ilicefolus, Linn. C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl.
Br. Ind. IV. 481; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 3B,
319; Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soe. ser. 2, III. 332 (1893), and in Journ.
As. Soc. Straits 121 (Singapore 1900).

Manacca: Griffith, Maingay 3084. Panane: Frdley 1276.—
Distris. Salt marshes, from the Andamans to Cochin-China and Java.

Bentham doubts whether this species is distinct from A. ilicifolius, Linn. Ridley
n. 1276 is a typical example of A. ebracteatus, with flowers very much smaller
than those of A. ilicifolius.

3. ACANTHUS VoLUBILIS, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. II. 56 t. 172 (1831).
Twining, unarmed. Leaves oblong or elliptic, entire, glabrous. Spokes
linear-oblong ; prophylla 0. Corolla white, 1 in. long. Kurz For. Fl,
IJ. 242; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 481; Ridley in
Journ. As. Soc. Straits 121 (Singapore 1900). Dilivaria volubilis, Nees
in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. III. 98. WD. scandens, Nees in DC. Prodr.
XI. 269.

Penana: Curtis 510. Siyearore: fide Azdley.—Distris. Coast
of India, Siam, Malaya, Australia.

The dried tips of the branches are difficult to separate from those of
A. ebracteatus ; the leaves are usually entire or slightly prickly ; the flowers larger.

15. Gymnostacuyum, Nees.

Herbs or undershrubs, sparingly pubescent. Leaves lanceolate to
obovate, entire or crenulate, petioled. Panicle (in the Malay Peninsula

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 661

species) terminal, sometimes of several elongate branches; branches
linear, with very small lateral cymes, or reduced to spikes; bracts
linear, very small; prophylla hardly any. Calyx small, less than -2 in.
long, divided deeply into 5 linear segments, pubescent or puberulous.
Corolla ‘5 to 1 in. long; tube narrow; limb 2-lipped. Stamens 2;
anther-cells 2, oblong, parallel, at equal height, muticous; pollen
small, short-ellipsoid, longitudinally (often obscurely) ribbed. Ovary
conic, many-ovulate, nearly glabrous; style at tip shortly 2-fid.
Capsule ‘5 to 1 in. long, linear, glabrate, with parallel sides, 8- to 20-
seeded from the base. Seeds ovoid, flattened, obscurely hairy, Species
25 to 30, in South-east Asia, North Australia, Polynesia,

This genus, varying in size, is distinguished by the linear (not clavate) many-
seeded capsule. The small-sized group, Gymnostachyum proper, has (a) the flowers
clustered or opposite (8) the flowers, solitary, alternate; but of the group (a) there
is no example from the Malay Peninsula.

Stems 1 to 4in. long. Flowers solitary in long spikes :—
Spikes linear, simple. Corolla blue, toward the base

whitish :— ‘
Leaves suddenly narrowed on the winged petiole -. I. G. decurrens.
Leaves spathulate on the petiole :—
Corolla -75 in. long or more .. .. 2. G. diversifolium.
Spikes linear, somewhat branched; corolla ae .. 3. G. pallens.

Stem elongate; panicle with many long, linear branches .. 4. G. polyneuron.
Stems 1 to 3 ft. long; inflorescence terminal; bracts
minute; stamens, pollen, and style as of Gymnostachyum ;
but the capsule is not known in any of the following

species : —
Panicle 2 to 3 in. long, short-peduncled ; flowers 8 to 20 :—
Spike slender, linear ; style hairy oe .. 5. G. simplicicaule.
Spike denser; style glabrous :—
Leaves with 5 to 6 pairs of nerves 2c .. 6. G. hirtistylum.
Leaves with 9 to 11 pairs of nerves BC .. 7. G.magis-nervatum.

Panicle 8 in. long, usually branched :-—
Leaves not exceeding 2°5 in. in breadth :—

Leaves thick, attenuate at either end .. .. 8. G. knoxiifolium.
Leaves elliptic, shortly acuminate :—
Panicle with long branches -. 9. G. ? Scortechiniti.
Panicle linear, with short lateral cymes .. 10. G. Ridleyi.
Leaves 6in. wide .. ae an .. ll. G. 2 magnum.

1. GYMNOSTACHYUM DECURRENS, Stapf in Kew Bull. 357 (1894).
Stem 1 to 4 in. high. Leaves up to 5 by 3 in., pubescent beneath,
ovate; tip triangular; margin undulate; nerves 6 pairs, the lowest
patent; base suddenly narrowed, often decurrent on the petiole. Spzkes

662 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

linear, 4 to 7 in. long (5 on one stem); flowers all solitary ; bracts
minute, linear. Sepals hardly ‘15 in. long, linear, pubescent. Corolla
‘SD to ‘6 in. long, pubescent, blue. Stamens 2; filaments glabrous up-
wards; anther-cells 2, oblong, parallel at equal height, minutely or
obscurely mucronate at base; pollen ellipsoid, 20 » long, obscurely
ribbed longitudinally. Ovary minutely pubescent; style thinly hairy,
with one branch suppressed. Capsule ‘7 in. long, linear, glabrate,
20-seeded.

Panane: Frdley.

2. GYMNOSTACHYUM DIVERSIFOLIUM, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Creeping.
Stems 1 to 4 in. Leaves up to 5 by 2:25 in., slightly pubescent beneath,
ovate; tip triangular; margin entire; nerves 8 pairs; base suddenly
narrowed, shortly decurrent on the petiole, or (on every plant) one leaf
truncate or cordate at base. Sprkes linear, 2 to 5 in. long, 1 to 3 on
one stem; flowers all solitary ; bracts minute or none. Calyx scarcely
‘15 to ‘2in. long. Corolla ‘75 in. long or rather more. Otherwise as
G. decurrens, Stapf.

Kepaa: Curtis 2530. Prrax: alt. 400 to 600 ft., King’s Collector
8284, 936; Scortechini 1589. |

In every plant the leaves are decurrent on the petiole ; but there are one or two
upper leaves truncate or even cordate at base; the same may be observed in several of
these small Gymnostachyums. This plant is nearly allied to G. decurrens, Stapf ;
the leaves are of thinner texture, with thinner nerves.

3. GYMNOSTACHYUM PALLENS, C. B. Clarke, n.sp. Rhizome 1:5 in.
long, woody, nodose. Stem -5to1in. long. Leaves: blade 4 by 2:5 in.,
broad-ovate; tip subobtuse, nearly glabrous, shortly decurrent on the
petiole; margin wavy-crenate; upper surface densely punctate; lower
surface pale green. Spike 3 to 4 in. long, on a 3 to 4 in. peduncle,
slightly branched, minutely pubescent; flowers solitary. Calyx
125 in. long. Corolla ‘5 in. long, white. Capsule rather more than
‘5 in. long. y

Perak : alt. 300 to 500 ft., Keng’s Collector 8133.

4. GYMNOSTACHYUM POLYNEURON, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Top of stem
leafy, 3 in. long (seen). Leaves spathulate; blade ovate, 5 by 2°25 in.;
tip triangular-obtuse, nearly glabrous; primary nerves 10 pairs; petioles
1:5 in. long. Pamcle terminal, compound ; ultimate spikes 2 to 5 in.
long, linear; flowers distant, solitary, subsessile. Sepals -125 in. long,
linear, nearly glabrous. Corolla ‘5 in. long; ‘lower lip deep violet,
upper white splashed with violet.” Stamens 2; anther-cells 2, narrow
oblong, at equal height, not tailed; pollen ellipsoid, 30 » long, with 2
stopples and 2 longitudinal rows on either side of each stopple. Ovary

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 663

nearly glabrous; style shortly 2-fid, thinly hairy in the lower half.
Capsule ‘5 in. long, linear-oblong, glabrate, with 10 seeds.

Sramese Srates: Songkah, Curtis.

5. GYMNOSTACHYUM SIMPLICICAULE, C.B.Clarke, n.sp. Slightly pube-
scent. Stem 1 to 2 ft. long, undivided (in any example seen). Leaves:
blade 3 by 1 in., elliptic, obtusely triangular at either end, entire;
nerves 5 to 6 pairs, obscure; petioles ‘25 to din. long. Panicle ter-
minal, few-flowered, reduced almost to an oblong spike; peduncle
hardly 1 in. long; bracts minute. Sepals hardly -125 in. long, linear.
Corolla hardly ‘5 in. long, grey-yellow, 2-lipped. Stamens 2; filaments
glabrous; anther-cells 2, narrowly oblong, parallel, nearly at equal
height, muticous; pollen 30 by 154, narrowly ellipsoid; stopples 2,
longitudinally obscurely ribbed. Style upwards glabrous, very shortly
bifid at tip.

Perak: alt. 3000 to 3500 ft., King’s Collector 893, 935, 2394;
Scortechint 688.

6. GYMNOSTACHYUM HIRTISTYLUM, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Glabrate, the
inflorescence pubescent. Stems nearly a foot high, simple, decumbent,
rooting at the base. Leaves opposite, equal; blade elliptic-acute, 4 by
2 in., without rhaphides; base broadly cuneate; nerves 6 to 7 pairs;
petioles -2 in. long. Inflorescence of 2 terminal, simple, linear, slender,
interrupted, ebracteate spikes; peduncles ‘5 to 1 in. long; flower-
clusters of 1 to 2 flowers, opposite, the lower pairs distant. Sepals
hardly -125 in., linear. Corolla white, very small, with a short tube.
Stamens 2; anther-cells 2, at equal height, not tailed; pollen very
shortly ellipsoid. Style hairy; tip shortly bifid.

Perak: alt. 400 to 600 ft., Kzng’s Collector 10814.

7. GYMNOSTACHYUM MAGIS-NERVATUM, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Almost
glabrous. Stem 12 to 18 in., decumbent, rooting near the base, branched.
Leaves opposite, equal; blade 3-5 by 1:3 in., elliptic-lanceolate, acumi-
nate at either end; nerves 9 to 11 pairs, oblique; both surfaces with
rhaphides, the lower also densely, minutely dotted; petioles -2 in. long.
Peduncles terminal, hardly ‘5 in. long. Spzrkes 2:5 in. long, simple;
flowers 12 to 20, opposite; bracts minute. Sepals hardly -1 in. long,
lanceolate, nearly glabrous. Corolla ‘5 in. long, very narrow, cream-
coloured, 2-lipped nearly half-way down. Stamens 2; filaments gla-
brous; anther-cells 2, rather large, oblong, at equal height, muticous;
pollen 40 by 25 », with 10 strong longitudinal ribs. Pzstil glabrous ;
ovules 8 or more.

Perak: alt. 100 ft., King’s Collector 6542.

8. GYMNOSTACHYUM KNOXIIFOLIUM, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Nearly gla-
brous, except the minutely pubescent inflorescence. Stem erect, with long

664 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

internodes. Leaves: blade 6:5 by 2 in., broadly lanceolate, tapering at
either end, texture thick, without rhaphides; nerves 7 pairs, springing
very obliquely and curving inwards; petioles ‘25 in. long. Panicle of
two branches; branch 8 in. long, linear, with small, opposite, distant
cymes; bracts hardly :2 in. long, linear. Sepals ‘075 in. long, oblong-
linear. Stamens 2; filaments glabrous, each with a minute tooth at
base; anther-cells narrow-oblong, parallel at equal height, muticous.
Ovary nearly glabrous, many-ovuled; style thinly hairy ; tip minutely
2-fid. Buds very young; corolla noted white by collector.

NEGRI-SEMBILAN : King’s Collector 10085.

9. GymNnostacHyuM ? ScorTECHINII, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Stem erect,
at least 12 to 18 in. high. Leaves: blade 7:5 by 2:5 in., elliptic, acumi-
nate at either end, entire; upper surface with rhaphides; lower minutely
pubescent; petioles ‘5 to 1:5 in. long. Panicle very young, 8 in. long,
with long branches, many-flowered, rusty-pubescent ; bracts incon-
spicuous; flowers mostly in approximate opposite pairs. Calyx -125 in.
long. Stamens 2; filaments glabrous at top; anther-cells 2, oblong,
parallel, at equal height, acute-muticous at base; pollen 35 by 20 p,
with 2 stopples; a longitudinal row of patches (hardly tubercles) on
each side of each stopple.

PERAK: Scortechin.

The habit of this plant might do for a Gymnostachyum near G. venustum,
T. Anders., but the genus is doubtful.

10. GymnostacHyum Ripueyi, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. A tall shrub.
Leaves: blade 6 to 7 by 2:26 in., elliptic, shortly cuneate-acuminate at
either end, pubescent beneath; petiole ‘75 in. long, pubescent. Panicles
(reduced almost to spikes) 2, terminal, 11 by -75in.; bracts -125 to -2 in.
long, linear; flowers distant, solitary, or in 2- to 4-flowered lateral
cymes on peduncles hardly -15 in. long. Sepals -15 to -2 in. long,
pubescent. Corolla white. ;

Purak: Fudley 9772.

The example shows no corolla, no capsule.

\

11. Gymnostacuyum ? macnum, C. B. Clarke, n.sp.. A shrub. Stem
glabrate; upper internodes 7in. long. Leaves: blade up to 12 by 6 in.,
obovate, nearly glabrate, entire; nerves 12 (or more) pairs; upper
petioles 3 in. long. Panicle terminal, 8 by ‘75 in.; bracts -15 to -2 in.,
linear ; peduncle 1:5 in. long; small cymes 2- to 3-flowered in opposite
approximate pairs. Sepals linear, ‘2 in. long, pubescent. Corolla in
very young bud. Stamens 2; filaments glabrous upwards; anther-cells
2, parallel, oblong, at equal height, muticous. |

Manacca: Waterfall, Goodenough 1893.

Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula. 665

From the size, habit, and stamens of this plant it is almost certainly either a
Gymnostachyum or a Phlogacanthus.

16. PHnoGacantuHus, Nees.

Corolla-tube cylindric. Capsule narrowly ellipsoid, contracted close
to the base; otherwise as Gymmnostachywm.—DtstRIB. Species 12, in
India; 1 or 2 extending a short way east. :

1. PHLOGACANTHUS BREVIS, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. A branched under-
shrub, 12 to 18 in. long. Leaves: blade 6 by 3°5 in., broadly ovate; tip
subobtuse; base shortly attenuate; nerves 6 to 7 pairs; petiole 1 to 1:5
in. long. Panicles terminal, 2 to 4 in. long, oblong; bracts minute.
Sepals :15 to 2 in. long, linear, minutely pubescent. Corolla small
(only seen in bud), grey pubescent without. Stamens 2; anther-cells 2,
oblong, parallel, at equal height, muticous; pollen 20 by 15 p, longi-
tudinally banded. Pzstil glabrous. Capsule 1 in. long, nearly -2 in.
wide upwards, subcylindric, obtuse, 8-seeded; base narrowed. Seeds
flat, nearly +125 in. in diam.

Perak: alt. 300 ft., King’s Collector 2884.

The capsule is here typically that of Phlogacanthus,; and not the parallel-sided
capsule of Gymnostachyum ; but the two genera may be united.

17. ANDROGRAPHIS, Wallich.

Herbs or very small shrubs. Leaves entire. acemes (or spikes)
1-sided, axillary and terminal, often compounded into loose panicles
with spreading branches; bract very small, narrow; prophylla hardly
any; flowers solitary or in few-flowered, distant clusters. Sepals 5,
rarely more than °2 in. long, linear. Corolla small (about ‘d in. long),
2-lipped; base tubular; limb white, spotted pink-purple in the palate.
Stamens 2; filaments hairy; anther-cells 2, ovate, parallel, at nearly
equal height; base acute (not spurred), with often a tuft of hairs;
pollen 25 » long, short-ellipsoid, with few very slender longitudinal
ribs. Style thinly hairy; tip minutely bifid. Capsule narrowly oblong,
with parallel sides, seed-bearing nearly from the base, flattened from
_the back of the valves. Seeds 6 to 12, stony, cuboid-ellipsoid, smooth,
glabrate, with rows of minute pits.—Distris. Species 18, very closely
allied, in India; 1 or 2 extending to China and Malaya.

Leaves lanceolate .. a o6 ae .. L. A. paniculata.
Leaves ovate Dc a6 oe no ' .. 2. A. tenuiflora.

1. ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. III. 116
(1832). An erect annual, 1 to 3 ft. high. Stem quadrangular.

666 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Leaves 2:5 by ‘5 to *75 in., lanceolate, glabrous, paler beneath ; petioles
‘25 in. long. Panicle copious, of lax divaricate racemes; lower flowers
in each raceme pedicelled, solitary. Capsule ‘75 by :125 in., nearly
glabrous when mature. Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 515; Wight Ic. t. 518;
Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 855; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind.
TY. 501; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 38, 323; Prain
Beng. Plants 809. Justicia paniculata, Burm. Fl. Ind. 9; Blume
Bijdr. 788.

Prenane: Curtis 1877.—Distris. Throughout India.

2. ANDROGRAPHIS TENUIFLORA, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. IX.
502 (1867). Leaves: blade ovate, shortly acuminate, 2:5 by 1:5 in., ob-
scurely puberulous; baseshortly spathulate. Racemes (often nearly spikes)
very slender, straggling. Corolla -4 in. long. Otherwise as A. panicu-
lata, Nees. Lindau in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 38, 323;
C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 502. Haplanthus tener, Nees
in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. III. 115, and in DC. Prodr. XI. 512.

Kepau: Ridley 8331; Curtis 2136, 2578.—Distris. Eastern India,
Malaya.

18. Cystacantuus, T. Anders.

Shrubs or erect herbs. Leaves opposite, equal, entire. Inflorescence
terminal (or axillary in some non-Malay species); panicles narrow ;
bracts small; prophylla 0. Calyx deeply 5-fid; segments narrow.
Corolla rather large, tubular, curved and inflated, somewhat 2-lipped ;
segments ovate or oblong, one completely outside in the bud. Stamens
2; rarely 2 rudiments added; anthers of 2 oblong, parallel, muticous
cells; connective often hispid on the back; pollen subglobose, with few
longitudinal bands. Ovary with 4 or more ovules in each cell. Cap-
sule linear, with parallel sides, many-seeded nearly from the base.—
Distris. Species 5, in India; 1 extending to Cochin-China.

1. CystacantHus tureipA, Nicholson Dict. Gard. I. 428 (1884). A
glabrous shrub, 1 to 2 ft. high. Leaves: blade 4 to 7 in. long, oblong
or narrow-elliptic, narrowed at either end; petioles ‘5 to 1 in. long.
Inflorescence terminal; panicles 1 to 5 in. long, dense; flowers clustered
on branches hardly ‘17 in. long ; bracts inconspicuous, ‘165 to ‘2 in. long.
Calyz-segments °125 to ‘2 in. long, linear. Corolla 1 in. long, white,
pink-spotted; tube strongly bent close above the calyx and greatly
inflated. Capsule 1 by *125 in., many-seeded, dorsally compressed.
Seeds ovoid, flattened, densely hairy. Lindau in Engl. & Prantl Pflan-
zenfam. IV. 38, 325. Cystacanthus sp., Benth. in Benth. & Hook. f.
Gen. Pl. IJ. 1098. Meninia turgida, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 6043.

Penance: Deschamps.—Distr1B. Burma, Cochin-China.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 667

19. Asysras1a, Blume.

Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite, equal or nearly so.
Fiacemes subterminal, unilateral, lax at base, sometimes compound ;
pedicels short (0 to -2 in. long), alternate or opposite, in bud and
flower suberect; bract and 2 prophylla at base of the pedicel small
bristles (hardly -125in. long). Calyx :2 to -25 in. long, divided very
nearly to the base into 5 linear or narrow-oblong segments. Corolla
short or long ; tube inflated upwards or linear; lobes 5, imbricated in
the bud. Stamens 4, didynamous, all perfect; filaments united in
pairs at the base, glabrous or slightly hairy near the base ; anther-cells
2, oblong, parallel, at equal height, at base muticous or minutely
auricled ; pollen ellipsoid, longitudinally ribbed in the type species.
Ovary hairy; style long, glabrous except near the base; stigmatic
lobes 2 equal, hemiglobose ; ovules in each cell 2. Capsule oblong,
4-seeded in the upper part; base contracted, sterile. Seeds compressed,
round, often tubercled or rough, without hairs. Species 30, in South-
east Asia, and in Tropical and South Africa.

Flowers alternate ; inflated part of corolla-tube longer than

the base a AC Shs a .. 1. A. coromandeliana.
Flowers mostly opposite; corolla-tube linear, widened near
the top od ac Be ac .. 2. A. intrusa.

1. ASYSTASIA COROMANDELIANA, Nees in Wall. PI. As. Rar. III.
89 (1832). A more or less dull-pubescent herb, 1 to 4 ft. high.
Leaves from 1 to 3°5 in. long, ovate, triangular-acute at tip, entire, the
margin undulate or sometimes obscurely toothed ; petiole -25 to 1°75
in. long. Facemes 1 to 4 in. long, rarely divided (paniculate), on a
peduncle 1 to 4 in. long. Sepals -2 in. long, linear, pubescent. Corolla
varying from lurid pale-purple to nearly white, 1 to 1:25 in. long (see
however, remark on form 6 below); the contracted cylindric base of
the tube much shorter than its inflated upper half. Pollen 75 by 45 p,
with 2 stopples, and longitudinal ribs beside each stopple. Capsule
1 in. long; solid cylindric base -35 in.; seeds ‘2 in. in diam., com-
pressed, ovoid, wrinkled or subtubercular. Nees in DC. Prodr. XI.
165 (with syn. and var.); Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 792; Hook. f. FI.
Br. Ind. IV. 493 (with syn.) ; Dyer Fl. Trop. Afr. V. 131, Fl. Cap. V.
42. A. gangetica, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 3B, 326,
fig. 131; Prain Beng. Plants 813.

Penance: Deschamps; Waterfall, King; John Scott. SINGAPORE:
Deschamps; T. Anderson; Hullett 67.—Distris. Indian Peninsula ;
Tropical and South Africa; elsewhere perhaps only a weed of
cultivation.

668 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

There is no definite line between the examples of this species with small corolla
(as John Scott’s Penang example, with corolla only 75 in. long and small leaves) and
the 4A. chelonoides, Nees. T. Anderson called our present plant A. gangetica ;
while he has twice marked the Java A. chelonoides (with subcompound inflorescence)
as A. coromandeliana.

9. Asysrasia InTRUSA, Blume Bijdr. 796 (1825) (ewcl. syn.). A
slender undershrub, 2 to 5 ft. high, sparingly pubescent. Leaves
2 to 3 in. long, elliptic-lanceolate; base obtriangular. Racemes 1 to
2 in. long; flowers often opposite. Corolla ‘7 to :75 in. long, dull
pink; tube linear, widened only near the top. Capsule ‘75 in. long;
seeds 4, tubercular. Stamens, pollen, pisttl, nearly as of A. coro-
mandeliana. Moritsi Verz. Zoll. Pfl. 47; Hassk. Cat. Hort. Bogor.
p. 149 (excl. syn.); C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 493;
Ridley in Journ. As. Soc. Straits 121 (Singapore 1900). A. Blumez,
Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 167; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 793; Lindau in
Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 38, 326. Isochoriste yavanica, Mig.
Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 822; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV.
3B, 326.

Penane: J. Scott; Deschamps; Curtis 2741; Waterfall, Curtes
1853, 3732. SinearporE: Schomburgk 72; Hullett; Ridley 3862.—
Distris. Frequent throughout the Malay Archipelago.

Nees altered the name of this plant, because he says that there existed an earlier
Asystasia intrusa of Forskahl; Forskahl’s name, however, was Ruellia intrusa.

20. PHIALACANTHUS, Benth.

Calyx-segments united into a tube at the base (very shortly so in
P. minor). Inflorescence glabrous or very nearly so; pedicels spreading,
with nodding flowers. Capsule, where known (1.e. in P. Wrayt),
supported by the hardened elongate calyx-tube; otherwise as P'sletza.—
Distris. Species 4, vzz. the 3 below, and P. Groffithi, Benth., from
Kast Assam.

Calyx-tube about as long as the teeth. Pollen with 12 raised

strong longitudinal ribs Ss Fi 1. P. Wrayi.
Calyx-tube shorter than the teeth. Pollen with very obscure
longitudinal ribs :-—
Corolla 1:25 in. long 36 oe me .. 2. P. major.
Corolla ‘6 in. long 50 66 te .. 3. P. minor.

1. PuiatacantHus Wrayi, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. A branched
nearly glabrous shrub, 2 to 3 ft. high. Leaves opposite, equal; lamina
5 by 2 in., narrowed at either end, subentire; tip acuminate ; rhaphides
obscure; petiole ‘75 to 1 in. long. Pamicles 2 to 4 in. long, terminal,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 669

sometimes reduced to a simple raceme; bracts scarcely ‘1 in. long ;
pedicels 0 to -2 in. long, in opposite pairs. Calyx in flower ‘25 to
*35 in. long; teeth triangular-lanceolate, acute; calyx in fruit
hardening, lengthening (up to ‘5 in. and upwards). Corolla 1 in. long
and upwards, pale primrose (Wray). Stamens 4; filaments glabrous,
united in pairs; anthers sub-equal, the two cells ellipsoid-oblong, at
equal height, hardly auricled at the base; pollen 80 by 15 p, with 2
stopples, and 12 strong raised ribs. Capsule more than 1 in. long,
oblong-ellipsoid, smooth, 4-seeded in the upper half; retinacula large.
Perak: Gunong Summit, alt. 6700 ft., Wray 378.

P. Grifithii, Benth., has pollen exactly as of P. Wrayi, and is closely allied to
it, but has a much more open and compound inflorescence.

2. PHIaLAcANTHUS MasorR, C. B. Clarke, n.sp. A nearly glabrous
shrub, 6 to 8 ft. high. Leaves opposite, equal; the blade up to 8 by
3 in., narrowed at each end; petiole more than 1 in. long. Panicles
2 to 5 in. long, terminal, sometimes reduced to a simple raceme;
flowers opposite; pedicels -175 in. long, spreading; buds drooping.
Calyx nearly -35 in. long, divided more than half-way down; teeth
lanceolate. Corolla 1:25 in. long, waxy yellowish-white. Stamens
nearly as of P. Wrayz, but the pollen only obscurely ribbed longitudi-
nally. Puzstil as of P. Wrayt.

Perak: Scortechini 249 ; alt. 2500 to 4000 ft., Kzng’s Collector 8146,
10929.

3. PHIALACANTHUS MINOR, C. B. Clarke, n.sp. Very like P. major,
but smaller in every part. Leaves smaller, sometimes only 3 by °7 in.
Calyx divided nearly to the base, ‘2 in. long; segments linear. Corolla
‘8 in. long.

Perak: Scortechinz.

21. Finetia, Mig.

Herbs or small shrubs. Leaves opposite, subequal, petioled, entire,
with few or no rhaphides. Panicle symmetrically terminal, frequently
reduced nearly to a raceme or spike; pedicels largely opposite ; bracts
-small, inconspicuous, except in F’. bracteosa. Calyx :175 to -25 in. long,
divided nearly to the base into 5 narrow segments. Corolla-tube linear
or cylindric, conspicuously 2-lipped; posticous lip erect, subentire ;
anticous of 3 oblong lobes. Stamens 4, perfect, subsimilar; anthers
2-célled, the cells oblong, muticous, one placed half-way below the
other, or nearly at equal height; pollen short-ellipsoid, with 2 stopples,
and longitudinally striate. Pzstzl glabrous, or hairy in the lower half
of the style; ovules 2 in each cell; style shortly 2-fid, or with one

‘

670 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

branch obsolete. Capsule stalked, with 4 smooth, flat seeds in the
clavate upper part (where known).—Distris. Species about 10, being
those here described, the type F’. costuwlata from Sumatra, Ff’. africana,
Lindau, and several from Borneo.

We have 8 divisions of Filetia :—

Div. 1. Hu-Finetra.—Corolla-tube linear, ‘6 in. long; palate glabrous. Cells
of the anthers quadrate, glabrous. Pollen with longitudinal lines.—Filetia costu-
lata, Miq.

Div. 2. Prraxra.—Corolla-tube :4 in. long, cylindric; palate (usually densely)
furred. Cells of the anthers oblong or narrow-oblong, the upper one fringed with
hair. Pollen with longitudinal latticed bands.--Here belong the 4 species below
described, and some of Malaya.

Div. 2. Arro-FinErr1a.—Corolla-tube +125 to ‘175 of an inch long; palate glabrous.
Anther-cells roundish, the lower divaricate.—Here belongs Filetia africana, Lindau.

Panicle spreading. Sepals small, acute, pubescent .. IL. F. paniculata.
Panicle reduced to a raceme or spike. .Sepals glabrous, hardly
acute :—

Bracts ovate, larger than the calyx .. ae .. 4. F. bracteosa.

Bracts inconspicuous :—
Flowers subsessile. Leaves elliptic or subovate . 3. F. Scortechinit.
Flowers pedicelled. Leaves oblong are .. 4. F. Ridleyi.

1. Finetia panicunata, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Branches (seen) 8 to
12 in. long, glabrate, woody below. Leaves: blade 4:5 by 2 in,
elliptic, narrowed at either end, nearly glabrous; nerves 8 to 10 pairs ;
petioles :25 to -35 in. long. Inflorescence of 3, nearly simple, racemes
2 to 4 in. long; floral leaves at base of inflorescence °5 in. long, linear ;
flowers mostly in opposite separate pairs, on pedicels -125 in. long ;
bract at base of pedicel linear, 125 to -175 in. long. Sepals -175 in.
long, linear, pubescent, acute. Corolla, 7 in. long, yellowish, densely
hairy down the throat (Scortechini). Pollen 70 by 40 p, the longi-
tudinal bands latticed. Style hairy at base; ovary nearly glabrous.

Perak: Scortechins 604.

Scortechini marked correctly his Filetias as nov. genus next Lepidagathis.

2. FILETIA BRACTEOSA, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Nearly glabrous.
Leaves: blade up to 9 by 3 to 3:5 in., elliptic, narrowed at either end;
nerves 12"pairs; petioles up to ‘7 in. long. Inflorescence a dense nearly
simple spike 3 by ‘7 in.; flowers mostly in opposite pairs, nearly
sessile ; the bract ovate or nearly round, ‘2 in. long. Sepals ‘2 in. long,
linear-ligulate, glabrous, hardly acute. Corolla and stamens nearly as
of F. paniculata. Style hairy in the lower half. Capsule 1 in. long,
with 4 seeds in the upper half (resembling the capsule of Hranthemuwm). —

PERAK: Scortechim (none of the 4 sheets numbered).

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 671

3. Fruetta Scorrrecurini, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. A much-branching
nearly glabrous undershrub. Leaves: blade in the typical collections
of Scortechini 2°5 by 1 in., elliptic, rather oblique ; nerves 5 to 6 pairs ;
petioles 0 to -2 in. long; in Wray 1505 the leaves are 4:5 by 1°75 in.,
obovate with cuneate base (see also var. 6 below). Inflorescence a
simple spike 2 to 3 in. long; flowers subsessile, in opposite pairs; bract
125 to :175 in. long, oblong. Sepals :25 in. long, linear-ligulate,
glabrous, hardly acute. Corolla ‘7 in. long, white or pale yellow,
furred in the throat but much less so than in fF. paniculata. Stamens
and pollen as of F’. paniculata. Style slightly hairy at the base.

PERAK: Scortechin; alt. 4500 to 4900 ft., Wray 258, 1505.

Var. 6 evolutior. Branches elongate, with long internodes. Leaves :
blade up to 5:5 by 2:25 in.; nerves 8 pairs; petiole up to ‘d in. long.
Sprke elongate, loose; the lower pairs of flowers are far apart.

PERAK: Scortechini 306.

This may differ specifically ; the flowers are exactly as of F. Scortechinii type.

4, Fiuetia Ripueyt, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. A much-branched nearly
glabrous undershrub. Leaves 3 by ‘75 in., oblong, narrowed at each end;
margins undulate; petioles :25 to ‘35 in. long. aceme 2 to 3 in. long,
rather loose, with opposite pairs of pedicelled flowers; pedicels -125 to
‘175 in. long; bract oblong, shorter than the calyx. Sepals :2 in. long,
linear-ligulate, subobtuse, glabrous. Corolla ‘7 to ‘8 in. long, white,
shaped as of fF’. paniculata. Stamens as of F’. paniculata; the anther-
cells rather narrower. Style thinly clothed with long white hairs.
Capsule 1 in. long, clavate; the 4 seeds in the broadly obovate top.

Perak: Fidley 9771.

992. Leprpacatuis, Willd.

Herbs or shrubs. Leaves entire, undulate or crenate. Inflorescence
of spikes, or of panicles narrowed almost to spikes, many-flowered ;
bracts secund, usually longer than the sepals, elliptic or narrow-lanceo-
late, acute ; prophylla smaller than the bracts. Calyx divided nearly to
the base into narrow-lanceolate segments, whereof 2 are often larger,
2 are sometimes connate at the base. Corolla-tube cylindric; limb
2-lipped; the 5 segments not very unequal. Stamens 4, subsimilar ;
anther-cells 2, parallel, oblong, often minutely mucronate at the base,
at equal height or one slightly below the other; pollen small, ellipsoid,
with longitudinal rows of large patches. Stigma nearly entire. Cap-
sule small, 2- or 4-seeded, conic, hairy at top. Seeds flattened, orbicular,
hygroscopically hairy on the margin or nearly glabrate.—Species 60, in
the hotter regions of the Old World ; 2 in America,

672 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Lindau, in order to get Lepidaguthis into a Tribe characterized by honeycombed
pollen, advances the explanation that in Lepidagathis honeycomb bands are indicated
by rows of points. I reckon honeycomb-pollen to be globose without longitudinal
bands, and I do not esteem the pollen of Lepidagathis as honeycomb-pollen.

Flowers *5 in. long. Spikes rarely up to 3 in. long :—

Leaves 3 to5in. long. Spikes -5 to ld in. long . .. IL. L. incurva.

Leaves 6 to 7in. long. Spikes2to3in.long .. .. 2. i. chlorostachya.
Flowers 1 to 1:3 in. long. Spikes 4 to 8 in. long :—

Upper bracts elliptic-lanceolate. Corolla pink-purple, 1 in.

long os DC 3: 20 .. 3. L. longifolia.

Upper bracts linear. Corolla white, 1:3 in. long .. 4, L. macrantha.

1. Lepmacatuis IncurvA, D. Don Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 119 (1825).
Stem suberect, 1 to 2 ft. high, decumbent, rooting at base. Leaves 3 to
5 in. long, oblong, narrowed at each end, pubescent or nearly glabrate ;
margin often undulate; petiole ‘5 in. long. Spzrkes ‘5 to 1:5 in. long,
oblong, axillary and terminal, erect, sessile, often clustered, ciliate, often
softly hairy; bracts secund, nearly ‘5 in. long, lanceolate, mucronate ;
prophylla nearly -35 in. long, lanceolate, mucronate. Sepals 5, narrow-
lanceolate, nearly ‘35 in. long, unequal. Corolla :25 in. long, white with
brown spots on the palate. Anther-cells one slightly below the other,
often minutely tailed. Capsule :2 in. long, conic, hairy at top. Seeds
4, flat, slightly hairy on the margin. Kurz in Flora LITI. 363 (1870).
L. hyalina, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. III. 95 (1832), and in DC.
Prodr. XI. 252; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 815; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f.
Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 521; Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 244 (1890) ;
Lindau in Engl. & Prantl Pfianzenfam. IV. 38, 313; Prain Beng.
Plants 815. JL. cephalotes, O. Kuntze Revisio I. 492. Ruelha
dependens, Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 49. Hypoestes cephalotes, Link Jahrb.
III. 48.

Penance: Curtis 2760, 3733; Radley 2760, 7170, alt. 100 to 200 ft. ;
King’s Collector 1292. Kernan: Ridley 8319.— Distris. Common
throughout India; extending to China and Malaya.

9. LEPIDAGATHIS CHLOROSTACHYA, Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 256
(1847). Leaves 7 by 2°25 in., elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, attenuate
at the base. Spikes often 2 to 3 in. long, broader than in L. meurva ;
otherwise as in L. imcwrva. T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. IX. 496
(1867); C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 519.

Penang: Pulo Poongah, Curtis 2941.—Disrris. Mergui, Griffith
(K.D.) 6141.

This is a much larger plant than L. incurva ; the bracts are longer and the spikes
manifestly broader, but the corolla is hardly longer.

3. LEPIDAGATHIS LONGIFoLIA, Wight Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t, 1564 (1850).

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 673

Shrubby, 3 to 6ft. high. Leaves up to 9 by 2in., lanceolate, acuminate
at either end, glabrous; petioles ‘7 in. long. Panicles narrowed nearly
to spikes, 6 to 8 in. long, pubescent; bracts lax, ‘75 by °35 in., elliptic,
apiculate. Sepals nearly ‘5 in. long, lanceolate, unequal. Corolla
‘‘pink-purple ” or “ dull crimson,” 1 in. long; tube at top subcampanu-
late. Anther-cells at equal height, minutely mucronate at the base;
pollen of the genus. Capsule seen only young, promises to be conic,
small. T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. IX. 499 (1867); C. B. Clarke
in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 523; Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2,
IIT. 332 (1893).

Mauacoa: Griffith (K.D.) 6138; Maingay (K.D.) 1751; Goodenough
1690. Neart Sempinan: Muar, Fox 11283. Pananea: Ridley 2174.
JoHorE: Ridley 11127; Curtes. Prrax: Scortechini 2038; Wray 1297 ;
Goenong Panli, King’s Collector 229; alt. 300 to 500 ft., Keng’s Collector
3025, 10040. Kora Guaneer and Putau Tawar: fide Ridley. SEuan-
Gor: Curtis 2362. Sineca: Hullett 5718.

4, LEPIDAGATHIS MACRANTHA, C. B. Clarke, n.sp. Bracts lanceolate
at top, the upper nearly linear, °75 by -125 in. Corolla white, very
pubescent without, 1:3 in. long; otherwise as L. longifolia.

PerRAK: alt. 300 ft., Wray 3385.

This may prove a variety only of L. longifolia, Wight; among the abundant
collections of L. longifolia there is no specimen that matches L. macrantha.

23. BaruEria, Linn.

Herbs or undershrubs, sometimes prickly. Leaves opposite or
whorled, two of a whorl often reduced to spines. Inflorescence a ter-
minal spike (in the Malay Peninsula plants); bract large; prophylla 2
or 0. Calyx large, of 4 distinct segments, 2 inner segments much the
smaller. Corolla with a cylindric tube an inch or more long. Stamens
2, perfect; anther-cells 2, at equal height, muticous; pollen globose,
honeycombed. Ovary with 2 to 1 ovules in each cell; stigmas 2, short.
Capsule ovoid; seeds 2 to 4, large, shaggy with hygroscopic hairs or
nearly glabrate.—Species 120, mostly in Africa and Tropical Asia, a
few in America.

‘Leaves with interpetiolar spines. Corolla yellow .. oo. dle 184 JARO TOGUIR.
Spineless. Corolla blue ot ate ie -. 2. B. conspicua.

1. BarueriA Prionitis, Linn. Sp. Pl. 636 (1753). Glabrous or
nearly so. Stems 1 to 3 ft. high. Leaves 2 to 5 by -3 to 1 in,
elliptic, narrowed at both ends, mucronate; interpetiolar spines -25
to ‘7O in. long. Inflorescence terminal; lower flowers of the spike
often a little distant; flower-bract lanceolate, widened at the base;

674 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

posticous sepal nearly -5 in. long, elliptic mucronate; anticous calyx-
segment similar to the posticous sepal. Corolla yellow; tube hardly
‘dO in. long; posticous lip of 4 connate segments ‘7 in. long; anticous
lip clawed, shorter. Capsule -5 to ‘7 in. long, 2-seeded. C. B. Clarke
in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 482 (wth syn.); Lindau in Engl. &
Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 38, 314, tt. 1050, 1068, 1258; Dyer FI. Cap.
V. 46 (with syn.); Prain Beng. Plants 811, 812.

Mauacca: Griffith ; ge 2696; Harvey; Derry 271.—DistR1B.
Africa, India.

This plant (with closely allied species) is abundant in Africa, and probably wild
in Western India. In Eastern India it is cultivated, and found near villages. It may
not be wild at Malacca.

2. BaRnERIA conspicua, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. III. 92 (1832).
Large, sparingly pubescent, without spines. Leaves 8 by 2 in., oblong,
acuminate at either end; petioles ‘Sin. Spzkes 5 by nearly 1 in., loose,
nearly continuous; bracteoles present, -7 in. long, linear-oblong, minutely
strigose ; outer sepals -7 in. long, lanceolate, one bifid at the top, with
some yellow hairs. Corolla 1 in. long, blue. Capsule -75 in. long,
narrowly oblong, glabrate, 4-seeded. Seeds ultimately nearly glabrate.
Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 226; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. IX. 493
(1867) ; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 489. Justicia con-
spicua, Wall. Cat. 2460.

Penane: Wallich.

24. HRaNTHEMUM, R. Brown [Linn. partem).

Undershrubs, some very small. Leaves opposite, equal or nearly so,
petioled, entire, often undulate or obscurely crenulate, nearly glabrous,
usually pubescent at least on the midrib beneath. Panzcles narrow, or
reduced to apparent spikes, terminal in the species of the Malay
Peninsula; bracts linear, inconspicuous, only in H. caudifolium so
much as ‘25 in. long. Calyx -125 to -2 in. long (-25 in. long or more in
EL. caudifoliwm), divided to the base into linear segments, pubescent,
ultimately often glabrate. Corolla showy, white or colorate; tube
linear (except in H. breviflos); segments 5, quadrate-elliptic, subequal,
spreading, more or less one-sided. Stamens 2; filaments very short;
anthers in the mouth of the tube or just exsert, of 2 parallel oblong
muticous cells placed at equal height; pollen shortly ellipsoid or sub-
globose, with 2 stopples and 6 to 10 longitudinal bands, often obscure.
Ovary with 2 ovules in each cell; style with 2 subequal minute lobes.
Capsule with a linear-cylindric base, and 2 to 4 seeds in the much-widened |
upper half, Seeds ovoid, flattened, glabrate, corrugate, — DIsTRIB,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 675

Species 90 (after Mackaya has been taken out), mainly in South-east
Asia and Oceania; a dozen species in Tropical Africa with Madagascar,
and a few in Tropical America.

Pistil clothed with brown hairs. Flowers °75 in. long .. L. EH. hirtipistillum.
Pistil with a few patent thin hairs or glabrate :—
Corolla-tube °5 to *6 in. long :—

Spikes 3 to 6 in. long; lower flowers solitary, distant .. 2. EH. porphyranthos.
Panicles 1°5 in. long, of 6 to 12 small flowers .. 3. EH. brevifios.
Panicles long, dense; flowers clustered or cymulose :—
Sepals -125 to -25 in. long; leaf-base-attenuate .. 4. HE. caudifolium.
Sepals scarcely 125 in. long; leaf-base obtuse 5. EH. selangorense.
Corolla-tube 1 to 1°3 in. long :—
Panicle often reduced to an apparent spike :—
Flowers white :—
Panicle of elongate, interrupted spikes .. 6. EH. album.
Spikes dense. Flowers clustered Ss .. 8. EH. Kingit.
Flowers coloured :—
Flowers solitary, all closein a continuous spike .. 7. EH. malaccense.
Flowers in whorls, the lower standing apart .. 9. EH. acuminatissimum.
Panicle with lower branches ‘175 in. long, carrying
small cymes 60 ac So .. 10. EH. Teijsmanni.

1. ERANTHEMUM HIRTIPISTILLUM, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. rect, 2 ft.
high, pubescent. Leaves up to 8 by 3 in., elliptic-acuminate, base sub-
obtuse, fuscous beneath, pubescent on both surfaces; primary nerves
10 pairs; petiole 1:5 in. Inflorescence of 3 to 1 panicles reduced to
spikes, 4 to 9 in. long; flowers in clusters of 1 to 5, opposite, mostly
‘25 to 1 in. apart; bracts linear, -175 in. long. Sepals -2 in,
linear, very pubescent. Corolla pale pink; tube ‘5 in. long; lobes
hardly -3 in. long. Stamens and pollen of the genus; the filaments
and anthers slightly hairy. Ovary and style-base clothed with erect
brown hairs. Capsule nearly 1 in. long, with 4 seeds in the hairy top,
constricted between the pairs of seeds. Seeds of the genus.

PERAK: Wray 1399.

2. HRANTHEMUM PORPHYRANTHOS, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. A sparingly
hairy, suberect, simple-stemmed undershrub, 1 to 2 ft. high. Leaves
very variable in size; blade sometimes 7 by 2°5 in., sometimes 2 by °7 in.,
elliptic-lanceolate-acute; base cuneate; margin often undulate, sub-
crenulate ; lower surface nearly glabrous or pubescent on the midrib,
often when dry whitened; primary nerves 6 pairs; petioles -25 to °3 in.
long. Inflorescence a linear spike, 3 to 6 in. long (but see var. f) ;
flowers sessile, in opposite pairs, the lower pairs °25 to 35 in. (and
upwards), distant; bracts linear, hardly -175in. long. Sepals -16 in. long,
linear, minutely pubescent. Corolla purple, or light purple, or “ white

19

676 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

tinged carnation ” (Scortechini) ; tube ‘5 in. long, linear, very slender,
the upper ‘175 in. widened, oblong; lobes elliptic, 35 in. long. Stamens
of the genus. Style slightly hairy near the base. Capsule ‘7 in. long,
with 4 seeds in the top, minutely pubescent, constricted between the
pairs of seeds; seeds corrugated, subscabrous. H. crenulatum, Nees in
DC. Prodr. XI. 453 (a partly). EH. malaccense, C. B. Clarke in Hook.
f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 498 (partly).

Penane: Ridley; Deschamps; Curtis 499. Manacca: Cuming 2357.
PERAK: Scortechina 114, 543, 564; Lartt Perak, alt. 1000 to 1500 ft.,
King’s Collector 3907.

The very slender short tube of the corolla, having an oblong dilatation in the
upper third of it, marks this species off from most Hranthemums.

Var. B evolutior, C. B. Clarke. Panicle of numerous elongate spikes,
with additional spikes from the leaf-axils ; corolla-tube up to °7 in. long.

Penane: Waterfall, Curtes 348.

3. HRANTHEMUM BREVIFLOS, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. A small, woody,
crooked-stemmed, branched, nearly glabrous undershrub, 4 to 8 in. high.
Leaves 4 by 1:75 in., elliptic, shortly narrowed at each end; nerves
6 pairs; ‘midrib beneath glabrate in the mature leaf; petioles -25 to -75 in.
long. Inflorescence a panicle 1°5 in. long, of 6 to 12 flowers, nearly
glabrate, on a peduncle ‘d in. long; pedicels 0 to -175 in. long; bracts
minute, setaceous. Sepals -125 in. long, linear, when young minutely
pubescent. Corolla “grey”; tube -25 in. long, cylindric. Stamens and
pollen of Hranthemum, glabrous. Capsule 8 to ‘9 in. long, linear-oblong ;
seeds 4, in the upper part, nearly smooth.

PreRAK: Goping, King’s Collector 518.

This plant appears closely allied in habit to Z. album; the short cylindric corolla-
tube and linear-conic capsule (not suddenly narrowed into a cylindric stalk) with
smooth seeds, suggest that it may belong to a different genus.

4, EHRANTHEMUM CAUDIFOLIUM, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. A shrub, 4 to
5 ft. high, branched upwards, sparingly pubescent. Leaves: blade
7°5 by 2°5 in., elliptic, acuminate at either end, with a linear caudate tip
(in Scortechini n. 447), but in other examples leaves are seen narrower
with a shorter tip; nerves 7 to 8 pairs; petioles of the lower leaves
often 2 to 2°5 in. long, of the upper only :25 in. Inflorescence a narrow
dense panicle 6 by 2 in., with brown pubescence; lateral branches
hardly -2 in. long, carrying small dense cymes; bracts -35 in. long,
linear, setaceous. Sepals ‘175 to -25 in. long, linear, caudate.
Corolla white (Curtis) ; tube ‘5 to ‘6 in. long, often curved towards the
top; segments ‘2 in. long. Stamens of the genus. Piste and style

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 677

very thinly hairy. Capsule 1 in. long, with 4 seeds in the upper
part.

Perak: Scortechint 447, 1531; Curtis 3150, 3341. Drnvines:
Firdley 3066 bis.

There are abundant collections and a detailed MS. description of this plant by
Scortechini. It is easily recognized by the small flowers with a large capsule, some-
times more than an inch long.

5. ERANTHEMUM SELANGORENSE, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. A branched
shrub, minutely pubescent. Leaves: blade 5 to 6 by 2°5 in., elliptic-
acuminate; base obtuse or rounded. Panicle 3 by 1 to 2 in.; lower
branches sometimes much developed, 1 in. long, carrying 3 to 6 flowers.
Sepals scarcely -175 in. long. Corolla-tube ‘6 in. long. Otherwise as
EL. caudzfolium.

SeLAncor: Sungu Bulu, Goodenough 10547; Kwala Lumpor, Curtis
2367.

6. EHRANTHEMUM ALBUM, Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 455 (1847). A
nearly glabrate undershrub, 1 to 3 ft. high. Stem usually lignescent,
with white bark, to the very base of the inflorescence. Leaves opposite,
subequal; blade 5-5 by 2:5 in., shortly acuminate at either end, often
whitened underneath; margins often obscurely undulate, crenulate ;
nerves 7 pairs; petioles ‘5 to 1 in. long. Inflorescence a panicle of many
thin spikes, 4 to 8 in. long (poor examples with one spike occur) ;
flowers mostly solitary, in distant pairs, the lower -25 in. apart or more;
bracts linear, 175 in.; pedicels 0 to -175 in. (i.e., the spike is itself a
contracted panicle). Sepals -175 in. long, linear, minutely pubescent.
Corolla white; tube 1 to 1:3 in. long, linear, exactly the same width to
the top. Stamens and pistil glabrous; pollen subglobose, 30 » in diam.,
lightly banded longitudinally. Capsule 1 in. long, glabrous or scarcely
microscopically puberulous, 4-seeded near the top, slightly contracted
between the pairs of seeds. Seeds corrugated. C.B.Clarke in Hook.f.
Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 498; Ridley in Journ. As. Soc. Straits 121 (Singa-
pore 1900); Prain Beng. Plants 814. H. dwersifolium, Miq. FI. Ind.
Bat. II. 837. EH. crenulatum, Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 453. Var. a
(partum), 454; Var. y angustifolia (partim). Justicia alba, Roxb. FI.
Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. I. 117 (1820) ; Ic. Ined. 1105 in hb. Kew. J.
orbiculata, Wall. Cat. 24898.

Mauacca: Griffith. Mauay Preninsuta: Griffith (K.D.) 6175
(partly).—Distrip. Chittagong; Pegu; abundant in the Andamans
and Nicobars; Malaya.

Nees’ type example of his E. Zollingerianum, viz. Zollinger 162 in Java lectus, is in
Kew, but is not this. In the large examples the panicle has many long curved spikes,

678 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

the secund flowers all turned to the convex side of the spike. The smaller forms (?),
i.e. J. orbiculata, Wall., have a single straight spike.

7. HRANTHEMUM MALACCENSE, C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br.
Ind. TV. 498 (1884) (tab. et syn. excl.). Innovations pubescent. Stem
up to 4 to 5 ft. high, often branching. Leaves: blade 5:5 by 1:25 in.,
lanceolate or narrow, elliptic-lanceolate, acute at either end; nerves
7 pairs, oblique; petioles -175 to ‘35 in. long. Flowers subsessile,
numerous, close together in a spike nearly continuous to its base,
mostly solitary, opposite; spikes 2 to 3 in. long, one or several at the
end of each branch ; pedicels rarely up to ‘075 in. long; bracts hardly
longer than the pedicels. Sepals about -075 in. long, narrow, pubescent.
Corolla of one colour, variously noted as violet, purple, pink, pink-
yellow, yellow-green ; tube 1-125 in. long, linear to the top. Stamens
of the genus. Pustil with few patent thin hairs or subglabrate.
Capsule (in a Yunnan plant referred here) ‘7 in. long, clavate, 4-seeded,
very nearly glabrous. Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soce., ser. 2, III. 333
(1893). H. erectwm, T. Anders. in Journ. Agri.-Hort. Soc. Ind. new ser.
I. 286 (1868). H. crenulatwm var. grandiflora, T. Anders. l.c. H. Blumez,
T. Anders. l.c. (non Nees). EH. crenulatwm, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rav.
III. 107 (in large part), and in DC. Prodr. XI. 523 (in part, not of
Lindley). Pseuderanthemum malaccense, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl
Pflanzenfam. IV. 38, 330.

PROVINCE WELLESLEY: Curtis 203; Radley 2231. Kenan: Tei
Island, Curtis; Radley 8335. Matacca: common, fide Ridley; Groffith
(K.D.) 6175; Cuming 2389; Harvey; Goodenough 1713; Holmbury 732 ;
Mt. Ophir, Lobb. Prax: alt. 500 ft., King’s Collector 8567, 8626, 8665 ;
Curtis 3327. Prxan: fide Ridley. JonHore: Curtvs.—DistRrip. Siam.

This species, abundant in its area, is characterized by the uniform inflorescence,
and is always collected in flower. LH. palatiferum, Bot. Mag. t. 5957, of which (in FI.
Br. Ind. IV. 498) I referred one piece to EH. malaccense, is undoubtedly all true
E. palatiferum, of which it has the characteristic inflorescence; the colour of the
flowers varies from pale pink to bluish purple in both species. The name E. erectum,
T. Anders., is older than EH. malaccense, but was published without one word of
description.

8. ErantHemMum Kine, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Branches elongate,
with long internodes. Leaves elliptic, shortly acuminate at the tip,
hardly acuminate at the base, paler beneath when dry. Spvkes solitary,
2 to 4 in. long, dense; the lower axils with 1 to 3 flowers in each
axil. Corolla white; tube 1:125 in. long. Otherwise as H. malaccense,
C. B. Clarke.

JoHorRE: Jaffaria, King. Sincapore; Hullett 810,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 679

The leaves of this species resemble those of H. albwm, Nees, while the spikes

resemble those of E. malaccense, but are slightly more pubescent, and the corolla
is white. /
9. ERANTHEMUM ACUMINATISSIMUM, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 835
(1856). Erect, nearly glabrous. Leaves: blade 8°5 by 2 in., acuminate-
attenuate at either end; nerves 8 pair, oblique; rhaphides on the upper
surface numerous, very short; petioles lin. Spikes 1 to 3, 7 to 10 in.
long, many-flowered, the lower clusters half-whorled, -5 to 1 in. apart,
with 5 to 10 flowers to the whorl; the upper whorls fewer-flowered,
coalescent; bracts -2 in. long, lanceolate-linear. Sepals -2 in. long,
nearly linear, ultimately nearly glabrous. Corolla white, with one
segment purple-spotted; tube 1:25 in. long. Stamens of the genus.
Capsule 1:125 in. long, with 4 seeds in the upper part, slightly con-
stricted between the seeds. H. Anderson, Masters in Gard. Chron.
134, 136 (1869); Bot. Mag. t. 5771; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br.
Ind. IV. 499; Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soc., ser. 2, III. 333 (1893), and in
Journ. As. Soc. Straits 121 (Singapore 1900). H. elegans, Masters in
Gard. Chron. 1234 (1868) (not of R. Brown). H. Blume, Hassk. Cat.
Hort. Bogor. 151; T. Anders. in Journ. Agri.-Hort. Soc. Ind. new ser.
I. 285 (1868), and in Journ. Linn. Soc. IX. 523 (1867); Kurz in Flora
LITT. 363 (1870) (not of Miquel). H. daantherwm, Blume Bijdr. 793 (not
of Roxb.). H. aspersum, Hook. Bot. Mag. 5711. Pseuderanthenuum
Anderson, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 3B, 330.

Sincapore: 7’. Anderson 112. Java: cult. in Hort. Bogor. (Kurz
379). Ridley, l.c., thinks the Singapore collection was probably a
garden escape.

The ‘‘type”’’ of E. acuminatissimum, Miquel, from Utrecht, proves identical with
the HZ. Andersoni, Masters. It was, perhaps, H. viscidum B acuminatissimum, Hassk,
Hort. Bogor. p. 151, but not EH. viscidum B Blume. The E. Blumei, Miq. (Fl. Ind.
Bat. II. 836) is before me, and very closely allied to E. acuminatissimum, but has (as
Miquel says) smaller leaves, smaller bracts, and smaller calyx.

10. ErnantHemMum Tetssmanni, T. Anders. in Journ. Agri.-Hort. Soc.
Ind. new ser. I. 285 (1868). ‘A shrubby creeper, 8 to 12 ft. long”
(King’s Collector). Branches °25 in. in diam., with numerous
secondary branches springing at arightangle. Leaves: blade 6 by 2 in.,
broad-oblong, acuminate; nerves 6 pair; base often rounded or
truncate, but on the same branch sometimes cuneate-oblique; petioles
‘25 to 1:25 in. long. Inflorescence a narrow, many-flowered panicle
rarely so much as 6 in. long; the lower branches hardly -175 in. long,
carrying small cymes (almost clusters) of flowers. Calyx and corolla
(white tinged blue) as of #. acumimnatissemum, Mig. EH. Blwmet, Hort.
Buitenzorg vix Miquel. H. crenulatwm ? var., T. Anders. MS.

680 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Perak: Scortechinta 1356; Tapa, alt. 2000 to 3000 ft., Wray 837 ;
King’s Collector 2176 ; Larut, alt. 5000 to 800 ft., King’s Collector 5489.
Mauacca: H.D. 364.

T. Anderson’s whole diagnosis of his E. Teijsmanni is ‘‘a fine species with a
straggling habit’; and I have no authentic specimen; the name is disposable.
Whether this was the imperfectly known Z£. graciliflorum, Nees (Wall. Pl. As.
Rar. V. 3, 107), from Penang I cannot say ; it is not the E. gracilifiorum of Madura
(Java) distributed from the Buitenzorg Garden. This species resembles much
E. hirtipistillum (collected at the same locality), but the corolla-tube is here 1:3 to
1-5 in. long.

25. Cuinacantuus, Nees.

A rambling shrub. Flowers conspicuous, in small drooping cymes
at the ends of the branches; bracts and prophylla small, linear. Sepals
5, equal, linear. Corolla-twbe narrow, funnel-shaped; limb 2-lipped.
Stamens 2; anthers of 1 cell, oblong, muticous; pollen ellipsoid, with
2 longitudinal bands. Style very shortly 2-fid. Capsule stalked, 4-
seeded. Only 1 species.

1. CurvacantHus Burmanni, Nees in DC. Prodr. X. 511 (1847).
Stems round. Leaves glabrate; blade 3 by ‘5 to ‘8 in, elliptic-
lanceolate or lanceolate, entire or crenate; base obtuse or attenuate ;
petiole -25 in. long. Cymes pubescent, 5- to many-flowered; bracts ‘125 in.
long. Sepals -25 in. long, minutely hairy. Corolla orange-red or dull
scarlet, 1-25 in. long, lobed one-third to half-way down. Stamens gla-
brous, no rudiments. Style glabrous. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 854;
C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 524; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl
Pflanzenfam. IV. 38, 340; Hemsl.in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 244
(1890). C. nutans, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 3B, 340.
Justicia nutans, Burm. Fl. Ind. 10, t. 5, fig. 1. J. fulgida, Blume Bijdr.
784. Beleropone ? fulgida, Hassk. Cat. Hort. Bogor. 151.

Manacca: Maingay 1977 (K.D. 1180); Songkah, Curtis 2904.—
Distris. Siam, Borneo, Hainan.

26. Justicia, Linn.

Herbs or shrubs. Leaves opposite, subequal or sometimes pseud-
alternate, entire or undulate. Inflorescence various in the different
sections, from strobilate spikes to panicles with the flowers all
pedicelled ; bracts and prophylla small, linear, sometimes lanceolate, or
in the strobilate spikes round, large, imbricate (these large round bracts
in many cases cover more than one flower, and are then floral leaves).
Calyx small, deeply 5-fid (4-fid in Sect. RostEnnartA). Corolla-tube

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 681

shorter (or scarcely longer) than the 2-lipped limb; segments
imbricated (not twisted) in the bud. Stamens 2; anther-cells 2, one
below the other, tailed; pollen ellipsoid, small, longitudinally ribbed
beside the stopples. Ovary 4-celled; style shortly bifid. Capsule
regularly dehiscent; 4-seeded (the placentz not springing elastically
from the base of the capsule), stalked with the seeds in the top, or
seed-bearing nearly from the base. Seeds ovoid, flattened, verrucose,
subtubercular, glabrous (except in Sect. RuapHrposporaA). — DisTRIB.
Species 150, widely spread throughout the hot regions of the world.

This genus is only artificially separated from several others (as from Leda
Adhatoda, Ptyssiglottis) by the white tail to the lower anther-cell. If this character
be not regarded as of generic importance, the number of species may be 300, as
in the arrangement by Lindau in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam.

Sect. 1. Bractzat#. Bracts (floral leaves) round, large,
strobilate at least in the young spikes :—
Flowers mostly solitary under each bract (fioral leaf) :—
Corolla glabrous without, except afew hairsatthe tip .. 1. J. ptychostoma.
Corolla hairy without :—
Nerves of the leaves 6 to 7 pairs :—
Leaves mostly cuneate at the base
Leaves rounded at the base
Nerves of the leaves 10 to 11 pairs
Flowers 2 to 3 or more clustered under each brane —
Bracts ‘5 in. long, including the petiole Br .. 5. J. subecymosa.
Bracts “6 in. long, subsessile ae .. 6. J. selangorensis.
Sect. 2. CanopHanorpEs. Flowers axillary, cymose, cas or
clustered; without a terminal cyme or panicle. Corolla

J. pubiflora.
. Scortechinii.
J. patulinervis.

wo ep wo
q

smal] :—
Leaves opposite, subequal :-—
Leaves elliptic as oe oe .. 7. J. quadrifaria.
Leaves linear-oblong .. an ae .. 8. J. Neesiana.

Leaves apparently alternate, i.e. one of each pair 0 or
minute, deciduous :—
Leaves on the nerves beneath and stem nearly glabrous :—

Herb, with long internodes oe oe .. 9. J. henicophylla.
Much-branched shrub ty Be .. 10. J. subalternans.
Leaves on the nerves beneath and stem hairy .. Ll. J. alternifolia.
Leaves one of each pair reduced to a persistent ear .. 12. J. otophora.
_ Sect. 3. Genparussa. Spikes terminal, and terminal on short
axillary branches; bracts mostly narrow, the lowest rarely
imbricate :—
Leaves narrow-oblong or lanceolate :—
Spikes dense; flowers clustered .. 2c .. 13. J. Gendarussa.
Spikes lax; flowers mostly solitary ake .. 14. J. Maingayi.

Leaves elliptic, large (5 to 8 in. long) :—
Peduneles short :—
Spikes linear, interrupted ac ale -- 15. J. vasculosa.

682 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Spikes dense ar os a . 16. J. uber.
Peduncles long ; carrying panicles of linear spikes .. 17. J. sumatrana.
Sect. 4. Rosternunar1a. Spikes cylindric; bracts narrow, about as
long as the calyx. Calyz of 4 linear segments, the 5th suppressed :—
Corolla °25 to :35 in. long.. bo ae .. 18. J. procumbens.

Justiciain conspicua, Dayd.-Jack. Ind. Kew., is a bare name, founded on Wall. Cat.
n. 2475. The ‘‘type’’ of this came from Penang; but Wallich sorted with it, doubt-
fully, one plant from hb. Wight, another from Silhet. I have not found n. 2475.

1. Justicia prycHostoma, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ITT. 108 (1832).
A herb, very sparingly pubescent. Stem 1 to 4 ft. high, branching ;
internodes 3 to 6 in. long. Leaves 65 by 2-25 in., elliptic-lanceolate,
acuminate at tip, cuneate at base (but see the Varieties below), often
undulate or obscurely crenate on the margin, with very small
rhaphides on both surfaces; primary nerves 7 to 9 pairs, oblique ;
petioles ‘5 to 1:5 in. long; opposite pairs of leaves equal or rarely
somewhat unequal. Peduwncles terminal, penultimate, or axillary, 1 to
2 in. long, frequently 2 from one axil; spike 1 in. long, or lengthening
to 1 to 4 in. long; bracts round, ovate, green, ‘3 to 35 in. long, shortly
stalked, very caducous, nearly glabrous, but often with white bristles
on the margin; with 1 (rarely 1 to 2) flower under each bract. Calyx
125 in. long, nearly glabrous; segments linear. Corolla lurid white-
yellow marked with purple grey lines; corolla before expansion nearly
‘5 in. long, glabrous without, or with a few hairs at the very tip.
Filaments glabrous ; anther-cells round, one lower than the other with
a short conic white tail; pollen small, ellipsoid, 30 » long, with two
stopples and two rows of tubercles (or round patches) on each side of
the stopple. Pzstil glabrous; style very shortly 2-fid. Capsule ‘5 in.
long, glabrate, 4-seeded. Seeds flattened, verrucose, subtubercled. T.
Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. TX. 517 (1867) ; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. FI.
Br. Ind. 4 534 (emend.). Ehytiglossa ptychostoma, Nees in DC. Prodr.
IT. 337. . ptychosperma, Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. II. 825.

Perak: Scortechim 689; Wray 2046; alt. 100 ft., Keng’s Collector
2077. Penance: Porter (Wall. Cat. 2478). Kenan: Curtis 2117.

Var. 6 angustifolia, C. B. Clarke. Leaves lanceolate or linear-
lanceolate. ,

Perak: alt. 5000 ft., Gunong Inas, Wray 4130.

Var. y rotundifolia, C. B. Clarke. Leaves 6 by 3-5 in., rounded at
the base.

Perak: Fidley 7163.

Var. 0 auriculata, C. B. Clarke. Leaves narrowly, unequally cordate
at base, with two ears.

Perak: alt. 500 ft.; Kong's Collector 2062; Scortechint.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 683

This is a striking var.; some of Scortechini’s examples show on the same stem
leaves acute at base and leaves auricled at base.

Var. ¢ parvibracteata, C.B.Clarke. Spzkes interrupted at base; bracts
very small, round, long-petioled, spreading, hardly (or not) imbricated.
Perak: Ridley 7166; Goping, King’s Collector 555.

Wallich’s (one) type sheet of this is very imperfect, as can be inferred from Nees’
description, and my account in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. is erroneous both as to the
bracts and the synonymy.

2. JUSTICIA PUBIFLORA, C. B. Clarke, n.sp. Leaves 4 to 6 in. long,
elliptic-lanceolate, cuneate or rounded at the base; nerves 6 pairs; rha-
phides none (or most obscure) on either surface. Peduncles terminal,
and a few axillary ; bracts (floral leaves) round-ovate, green, ‘35 in. long,
shortly stalked, pubescent, without white bristles on the margin. Calyx
pubescent. Corolla very hairy without. Style at base slightly hairy.
Anther-cells short-ellipsoid, the lower with a medium ovoid tail ; pollen
ellipsoid ; pores 2; one longitudinal row of tubercles on either side of
each pore. Otherwise resembling J. ptychostoma, Wall.

Perak: alt. 4000 ft., Keng’s Collector 3671; Scortechinc.

3. JUSTICIA PATULINERVIS, C. B. Clarke, n.sp. Sparingly pubescent.
Leaves 6 by 4 in., crenate, truncate at base, very shortly cuneate on the
petiole ; nerves 10 to 11 pairs, spreading at right angles from the mid-
rib. Sprke dense; bracts nearly glabrate, with some white bristles on
the margin. Corolla hairy without. Otherwise as J. pubzflora.

PERAK : Scortechint. |

4. Justicia Scortecuinu, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Leaves 3 to 4 in.
long, ovate or elliptic-acuminate, most of them rounded at the base,
crenulate; nerves 6 to 7 pairs, without rhaphides. Spzkes dense; bracts
round-ovate, imbricate, somewhat pubescent, not bristle-ciliate. Corolla
hairy without. Capsule hairy, nearly to the base. Otherwise as J.
pubifiora.

PERAK: Scortechini 41, 387.

The leaves have dried a rich brown in all the nine sheets of Scortechini. so that
_ they look very unlike the preceding three species.

5. Justicia suscymosa, C. B. Clarke, n.sp. Stem 2 to 5 ft. high.
Leaves ovate-acuminate, up to 9 by 54 in., mostly obtuse at the base;
nerves 11 pairs; petioles 1 to 2 in. long. Inflorescence up to 9 by 1 in.;

bracts -5 in. long (petiole included), ovate, at first imbricated, in
fruit often distant patent ; a condensed cyme of 3 to 7 flowers under
each floral leaf. Sepals hardly -125 in. long, pubescent. Corolla pale

684 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

yellow, ‘5 in. long, hairy without. Capsule nearly -7 in. long, hairy to
the base. Stamens and pistil nearly as of J. ptychostoma.

PENANG: Curtis 1765. PERAK: Scortechinz; alt. 500 to 1000 ft.,
King’s Collector 5766, 10244. Srnancor; Ridley 7593.

A larger plant than the four preceding. It has been supposed allied to J. decus-
sata, Roxb., but the pseudo-spikes do not branch.

6. JUSTICIA SELANGORENSIS, C. B. Clarke, n.sp. Leaves 9 by 44 in
elliptic, shortly acuminate, rounded or cuneate at the base, dark purple
(Ridley) ; nerves 9 to 10 pairs, oblique; petioles 2 to 4in. long. Pe-
duncles ‘75 in. long; spikes 4 by 1:25 in., slightly pubescent; bracts
ovate or obovate, up to ‘6 in. long, subsessile, glabrate, imbricate, purple
(Ridley), with 2 or 3 flowers under each. Calyx small, glabrate. Corolla
white (Ridley). Capsule hardly ‘35 in. long, glabrate.

Senaneor: Fidley 7587.

I have seen no flowers. This may be near the group of J. burmanica and
J. Atkinsont.

7. JUSTICIA QUADRIFARIA, Wall. Cat. 2479 (1828-49). Branches
2 to 3 ft. long, little divided, pubescent. Leaves opposite, subequal,
somewhat pubescent, at least on the midrib; blade elliptic, 2 to 4 in.
long, acuminate at either end, entire; petiole 0 to -35in. long. Flowers
densely clustered in the axils, sometimes in small heads on short
axillary peduncles ; bracts (rather floral leaves) spathulate, rusty-pube-
scent, occasionally present. Sepals ‘25 in. long, linear, pubescent.
Corolla 25 to -35 in. long, white with rose spots. Stamens 2; anther-
cells 2, one below the other, tailed; style glabrous. Capsule 25 in.
long, glabrate or minutely pubescent ; solid pedicel very short; seeds 4,
verrucose-tubercular. T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. IX. 514 (1867) ;
C. B. Clarke in Hook.f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 530; Lindau in Engl. &
Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 38, 349; Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXVI.
246 (1890). J. Zollingerrana, C. B. Clarke, l.c. Gendarussa quadri-
farva, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. IIT. 105. Adhatoda quadrifarva and
Neesitana, Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 396.

Singapore: Hullett 156. Seuanaor: Curtvs——Distris. Khasia,
Tenasserim, Sumatra, China.

8. Justicia Nessiana, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. IX. 513
(1867). Leaves oblong or linear-lanceolate, 1:5 by -25 in. in the type
examples, but (in Wray 3538) attaining 4 by ‘75in. Sepals hardly
‘175 in. Corolla ‘25 in. long. Otherwise as J. quadrifarva, Wall. C.B.
Clarke in Hook. f, Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 531. Gendarussa Neestana, Wall.
Cat. 7175; Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. III. 105. Adhatoda Neeszana, .
Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 397.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 685

PERAK: Scortechini 38, 1304; alt. 300 ft., Wray 3538. Buneau R.:
Lobb.—Distris. Amherst.

Scortechini, n. 38, and Lobb’s example agree with the Wallichian Amherst plant.
Wray’s example is much larger, and from description is not separable from J. salici-
folia, T. Anders. (see Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 531), a Khasia plant, which, however, it does
not match. As stated in the Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 530, J. Neesiana should be esteemed only
a var. of J. quadrifaria.

9. JUSTICIA HENICOPHYLLA, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. A herb, 1°5 to 4 ft.
high, nearly glabrous. Leaves apparently alternate, attaining 9 by
3°5 in., often only half these dimensions, elliptic or ovate, acuminate,
acute; base cuneate, not rarely unequal, with one side rounded or
almost cordate; primary nerves 7 pairs; petioles 0 to 25 in. long. In-
florescence of axillary peduncled cymes, sometimes small few-flowered,
sometimes compound 40-flowered (but less than half the length of
the leaf); bracts and prophylla minute. Sepals 5, linear, ‘175 in. long,
pubescent. Corolla a greenish cream-colour, the palate marked with
rose-purple, °35 in. in length, pubescent without; altogether as of a
Justicia. Stamens 2; filaments glabrous; cells of anthers 2, ellipsoid,
one (half its length) below the other with a white tail; pollen ellipsoid,
30 p long, with 2 stopples, and a longitudinal row of patches on
either side of each stopple. Style hairy, shortly 2-fid at top. Capsule
‘7 in. long, glabrate; base cylindric, with 4 seeds in the upper (widened)
part; seeds glabrous, granular-scabrid.

The numerous examples here collected may include more species than one ; some
(King’s Collector 2189, Curtis 1342) have dried green ; others (Wray and Scortechini)
have dried red tinged black. The leaves in some are shortly acuminated, in others
- long acuminated. The base of the leaf varies greatly on one branch.

PERAK: Curtis 1342; Wray 1402, 2751; Scortechinz; alt. 500 ft.,
King’s Collector 2189, 10297.

Var. 6 caudata, C. B. Clarke. Leaves very unequal at the base; the
tip caudate, curved on one side.

PERAK: Goping, alt. 500 to 800 ft., King’s Collector 4349.

Var. y scandens, C. B. Clarke. ‘A slender creeper, 20 to 25 ft. high.”
_ Leaves at the base nearly equal-sided, cuneate.

PERAK: Goping, alt. 300 to 500 ft., King’s Collector 6058.

10. JUSTICIA SUBALTERNANS, C. B. Clarke, n.sp. A much-branched
shrub, 2 to 4 ft. high, nearly glabrous. Leaves opposite, rarely
subequal, one of each pair often wanting or less than ‘125 in. long;

nearly sessile, 1-sided, curved, shining, 4 by 1-25 in. long, acuminate,
acute, minutely scabrous on the midrib beneath. Inflorescence of pe-
duncled, axillary, short cymes. Sepals :125 in. long, lanceolate, pube-

686 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

scent. Stamens 2; one anther-cell below the other, white-tailed. The
flowers and inflorescence much as of J. henicophylia.

PERAK: Kinta, alt. 300 to 800 ft., King’s Collector 7061.

11. JusTicIA ALTERNIFOLIA, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Shrub, 2 to 3 ft.
high, with hairy stem. Leaves all alternate (2. ¢. one of each pair -1 in.
long, early deciduous) ; lamina ovate, oblique, acute, 7 by 3:5 in., very
unequal at the base; primary nerves 8 to 9 pairs, hairy on the under
side of the leaf; petioles ‘1 to :25 in. long. Inflorescence of small,
short-peduncled, pubescent, axillary, few-flowered cymes; bracts and
prophylla inconspicuous. Capsule -7 in. long, hairy, cylindric at base,
with 4 seeds at the top.

PERAK: alt. 500 to 700 ft., King’s Collector 10680.

The corolla has not been seen. This can hardly be a species of Hallieracantha,
as the cyme is too open and the calyx too small for that genus.

12. Justicia otopHorA, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Nearly glabrous.
Branches slender, round, zigzag. Leaves sessile, one of each pair re-
duced to an ovate persistent ear ‘25 to 35 in. long; the other 4:5 by
1:35 in., elliptic; base unequal, rounded on one side; tip caudate-
ligulate. Peduncles ‘5 to 1 in. long, axillary, carrying small few-
flowered cymes. Sepals :175in. long, linear-lanceolate, nearly glabrous.
Capsule ‘7 in. long, glabrate, cylindric at the base, with 4 seeds in
' the top.

PERAK: Scortechine.

The anther-tails have not been seen; it is inferred from the small calyx and
the peduncled cymes that the genus is Justicia (alternate-leaved section), and not
Hallieracantha.

13. Justicia Genparussa, Linn. f. Suppl. 85 (1781). Hrect, 2 to
4 ft. high. Leaves 4 by :75 in., lanceolate, glabrous, entire or undulate;
petioles -25 in. long. Spzkes (condensed panicles) 2 to 5 by °75 in.,
terminal, sometimes panicled; flowers clustered; floral leaves 0; bracts
‘125 to ‘175 in., linear. Sepals 5, linear, viscous-pubescent, -175 in.
long. Corolla ‘5 in. long, white or rose-purple, pubescent without or
nearly glabrous. Stamens 2; one anther-cell a little below the other,
tailed ; pollen 30 p long, ellipsoid, with 2 longitudinal rows of patches
beside each stopple. Capsule ‘5 in. long, clavate, glabrous, 4-seeded.
Blume Bijdr. 785; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 582;
Lindau in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 38, 347, t. 139, fig. p;
Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 245 (1890); Ridley in Trans. Linn.
Soc. ser. 2, Bot. III. 333 (1893), and in Journ. As. Soc. Straits, 122
(Singapore 1900); Prain Beng. Plants, 817, 818. Gendarussa vulgaris,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 687

Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. III. 104; Wight Ic. t. 468; Moritsi
Verz. Zoll. Pl. 47; Hassk. Cat. Hort. Bogor. 151; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat.
Me Sal.

Penane: King’s Collector 1461; Deschamps; Curtis 791. Mauacca:
Grifith. Perak: alt. 500 ft., King’s Collector 8682. Drnprnes:
Pangkore, Scortechini 208, 950.—Disrris. South-east Asia; largely
cultivated.

The Malay Peninsula material may be all from cultivated plants; none shows a
capsule. Ridley, J. c., observes that it seems never to fruit, and that he knows it only
from gardens or remains of cultivation.

14. Jusrictra Marneayt, C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 534
(1885). A small shrub, with weak branched stems 2 ft. long. Leaves
4 by °35 to 1:25 in., nearly glabrous, entire or undulate-crenate ; tip
acuminate ; base cuneate; upper surface with rhaphides ; petiole -2 in.
Spikes terminal and axillary, 2 to 3 in. long, linear, peduncled, often
2 to 3 panicled on one peduncle; flowers mostly solitary, distant ;
bracts and prophylla minute. Sepals -175 in. long, lanceolate-linear,
pubescent. Corolla ‘5 in. long, pubescent without, nearly as of J.
vasculosa. Stamens 2; filaments glabrous; anther-cells 2, ellipsoid,
one below the other with a white tail. Pollen oblong-ellipsoid. Cap-
sule -35 in. long, 4-seeded at the top.

Penane: Maingay (K.D.) 1181.

15. Justicia vascunosa, Wall. Cat. 2469 (1826). Branches 8 to
20 in. long, dividing, rather weak. Leaves ovate to narrow-elliptic,
attenuate at either end, up to 5 by 2 in., nearly glabrous; petiole 5 in.
long. Spikes 2 to 4 in. long, linear or oblong, terminal and axillary,
often clustered or subpaniculate; flowers distant, opposite, sessile,
solitary or sometimes clustered; floral leaves often 0, sometimes several,
narrow-lanceolate, ‘5 in. long, green, scattered about the lower portion
of the spike; bracts and prophylla very small, pubescent. Sepals
175 in. long, linear-lanceolate, pubescent. Corolla ‘5 in. long, yellow;
the mouth pink-spotted; upper lip oblong entire, lower pendent.
Stamens 2; filaments glabrous; anther-cells 2, round-ellipsoid, one
_below the other, with a white knob at the base; pollen 40 y long, ellip-
soid, with 2 stopples and longitudinal rows of tubercles beside them.
Pistil glabrous, except a few hairs near the base of the style. Capsule
6 in. long, with 4 seeds in the upper part, glabrate. T. Anders. in
Journ. Linn. Soc. TX. 515 (1867); C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind.
TY. 533. Ruellia rivinefolia, Wall. Cat. 2413. Gendarussa vasculosa,
Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. IIT. 104. Adhatoda vasculosa, Nees in DC,
Prodr. XI, 407,

688 Flora of the Malayan Pennsula.

Penane: Curtis. Panane: Ridley 2183. Stnearore: Ridley
3165.—Distriz. Eastern India, plentiful, from Assam to Tenasserim ;
Sumatra.

16. Justicia uBER, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Stem 3 to 4 ft. high.
Leaves opposite, subequal; blade up to 10 by 3 to 4 in, elliptic or sub-
ovate, lanceolate acuminate at tip, cuneate at base; margin undulate ;
upper surface glabrate, lower paler, obscurely pubescent; rhaphides
none or obscure ; nerves 8 pairs, oblique; upper petioles -5 in. long.
Spikes terminal and on axillary peduncles, sometimes panicled, dense,
nearly always 1-sided, 1 to 3 by -5in.; bract and prophylla :175 in.
long, narrow-lanceolate, nearly glabrate. Sepals -175 in. long, narrow-
lanceolate, nearly glabrous. Corolla greenish-yellow, ‘6 in. long, some-
what hairy without. Stamens 2; one anther-cell much below the other,
with a white tail. Capsule ‘6 in. long, stalked, 4-seeded, glabrate.
Seeds flattened, verrucose, tubercled.

Perak: Scortechint 96, 319; alt. 400 to 700 ft., Wray 386; King’s
Collector 10245; Ridley 9773. Srvancor: Fidley 8216.

This plant flowers and fruits freely ; and there is more of it in the collections than
of any other Acanth of the Malay Peninsula.

17. Justicia sumaTRANA, C. B. Clarke. Nearly glabrous; the
inflorescence minutely pubescent. Leaves opposite, subequal; blade
6 by 3in., broadly elliptic, entire; tip very shortly acuminate; base
cuneate; nerves 7 to 8 pairs; petiole 35 in. long. Peduncles near the
ends of the branches, 4 to 6 in. long, each carrying a very lax panicle of
thin linear spikes 2 to 4 in. long; floral leaves 0; flowers solitary,
minutely pedicelled, opposite; bract and prophylla minute. Sepals
‘175 in. long, lanceolate linear, viscous-scabrous. Corolla greenish-
white with purple spots, 4 in. long, minutely pubescent without.
Stamens 2; filaments glabrous; anther-cells ellipsoid, one below the
other, with a short conic white tail; pollen 25 by 15 wu, with longi-
tudinal series of spots. Pustel glabrate, except the base of the style.
Capsule ‘6 in. long, nearly glabrous, 4-seeded in the upper part; seeds
cerebrose-tubercular. Gendarussa ? sumatrana, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.
II. 832.

PERAK: Scortechini 340; Wray 1596.—Disrris. Sumatra (Tedjsmann).

This species is allied to J. flaccida, Kurz, but the petioles are not eared at base;
the flowers are much smaller.

18. JUSTICIA PROCUMBENS, Linn. Sp. Pl. 15 (1753). Annual, much
branched, decumbent or procumbent. Branches slender, quadrangular.
Leaves elliptic or oblong, 1 to 2 in. long, glabrous or hairy, short-

Flora of the Malayan Pennsula. 689

petioled. Spzkes cylindric, continuous, hirsute; bracts linear-lanceolate,
‘175 in. long. Sepals 4, linear, ‘175 in. long, hirsute. Corolla 25 to
‘*35 in. long, white pink-spotted. Stamens 2; anthers 2-celled; one
cell below the other, tailed. Capsule -25 in. long, 4-seeded nearly from
the base. Benth. Fl. Austral. TV. 549; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. FI.
Br. Ind. IV. 532; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 38, 349;
Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 246 (1890). J. diffusa, Prain
Beng. Plants 818. ostellaria procwmbens, Nees in Wall. Pl. As.
Rar. ITI. 101. Rostellularia procwmbens, Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 371;
Moritsi Verz. Zoll. Pfl. 47; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 826.
Prenane: Curtis 3099.—Distris. South India; Australia.

The group to which J. procumbens belongs may be esteemed to form but one
species ; in which case its area would include all South and Kast Asia.

27. ApHATODA, Nees.

Spikes strobilate; the large bracts imbricated, green! Stamens 2;
anther-cells 2, oblong, at nearly equal height, at the base subacute or
with a minute knob, not tailed. Otherwise as Justecva.— DISTRIB.
Species, the present common one; with which 6 or 8 other plants from
Tropical Africa have been generically associated.

This plant resembles altogether the bracteate section of Justicia with strobilate
spikes, except that the anther-cells have not at their base the characteristic white
anther-tail.

1. ApHatopa vasica, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. IIT. 103 (1832). A
dense shrub, 3 to 8 ft. high. Leaves 8 by 3 in., elliptic, acute at either
end, entire, minutely pubescent; petioles 1 in. long. Pedwncles 1 to
6 in. long, from the upper axils of the branches. Spzkes strobilate, 2 to
6in. long; bracts ovate, green, entire, ‘75 by ‘25 in.; prophylla up to ‘5 by
125 in. Sepals -3 to -35 in. long, lanceolate. Corolla white, purple-
spotted, 1-25 in. in total length; tube short, widened above the base.
Capsule ‘75 in. long, stout, clavate, pubescent, with 4 rough seeds at the
top. C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 540 (wth syn.) ; Prain
_ Beng. Plants 819. Justecoa Adhatoda, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 1. 15, ed. ii. 20;
Lindau in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 38, 349; Hemsl. in Journ.
Linn. Soc. XXVI. 244 (1890); Ridley in Journ. As. Soc. Straits
122 (Singapore 1900). Gendarussa Adhatoda, Hassk. Cat. Hort.
Bog. 151.

PrenAanG: Curtis 1017. Stnearore: fide Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV.
540.—Distris. Throughout India, extending to Malaya; commonly
cultivated.

690 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

28. Ruinacantuus, Nees.

Erect or rambling herbs. Leaves entire; margins often undulate.
Flowers in subsessile distant clusters on the branches of the panicle ;
bract and prophylla very small, linear. Sepals 5, linear, very small,
hairy. Corolla 2-lipped ; tube linear, longer than the lips; anticous lip
patent, deeply 3-lobed; posticous lip narrowly oblong-linear, emarginate,
curved and curled. Stamens 2; shortly exserted; anther-cells 2, one
somewhat below the other, not tailed; pollen ellipsoid, longitudinally
banded. Ovary hairy; ovules 2 in each cell; stigma shortly subequally
2-lobed. Capsule with cylindric stalk, and 4 seeds in the top; placentze
not rising elastically. Seeds orbicular, flattened, black, pubescent.—
Distris. Species 3 or 4, in the warm parts of Africa and India.

1. RamnacaNtTHUS communis, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. III. 109
(1832). Hairy or nearly glabrous, 2 to 4 ft. high. Leaves opposite,
subequal, ovate to lanceolate, subobtuse, entire, 2 to 5 in. long, narrowed
to a petiole 0 to 35 in. long. Panicle large, much-branched, with small
clusters of flowers on peduncles, sometimes very leafy, sometimes with
few small floral leaves; bracts -125 to -25 in. long. Calyx 125 to
25 in. long. Corolla white; tube 75 in. long, linear to the top. Cap-
sule ‘7 in. long, hairy. Usually recognized by the curled linear-oblong
lip of the corolla. Hassk. Cat. Hort. Bogor. 151; Moritsi Verz. Zoll.
Pfl. 48; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 833; C. B. Clarke in Dyer Fl. Trop.
Afr. V. 224 (with syn.); Prain Beng. Plants 819. &. Nasuta, Lindau
in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 38, 339, t. 135, fig. z.

Penane: Deschamps; Curtis 2918. TonaxanH: Curtis 2964.
Mauacca: Griffith—Distrip. Common in the warm parts of Africa ~
and South-east Asia.

29. Lepa, C. B. Clarke [Leprostacuya, Nees, partum].

Herbs. Panicle loose; branches long, linear, with distant flowers
solitary or in clusters in the typical form; bracts inconspicuous.
Stamens 2; anther-cells 2, the lower without a tail, at equal height
parallel, or one lower somewhat divaricate; pollen ellipsoid, with 2
stopples, the longitudinal rows of patches on either side of each stopple
prominent or obsolete. Otherwise as Justicia, Sect. Gendarussa.—
Distrip. Species 12, in South-east Asia.

The seventy American species, among which stands Dianthera, Linn., differ
greatly in habit among themselves and from the Indian. ‘The genus Dianthera is
sunk in Justicia by Lindau in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 3B, 346, which
then has three hundred species and is inconyeniently large. But the Indian
Dianthera only differs from Justicia vasculosa, Wallich, and its neighbours by the
absence of a white tail to the lower anther-cell,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 691

Panicle very open, with long linear branches :—
Leaves rounded or sometimes cordate at base..
Leaves obovate, attenuate at base..

Panicle almost dense, oblong, hardly 1 in. ada

Panicle reduced to two or three flowers

Terminal spikes simple; flowers solitary

. subcordata.

. obovata.

. densiflora.

. radicans.
andrographioides.

oF ee
HON

1. Lepa suscorpata, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Nearly glabrous; the
innovations and inflorescence minutely pubescent. Stem 1 to 2 ft. long,
divided, rambling, sometimes decumbent and rooting at the lower
nodes (then with smaller leaves). Leaves opposite, subequal; blade
3°5 by 1°5 in., elliptic, acuminate, entire; base rounded or slightly cor-
date; petioles 1 in. long. Panicles terminal on the slender branches,
and with few distant subsolitary flowers; bracts and prophylla
minute. Sepals :125 in. long, linear. Corolla white, ‘5 in. long; tube
straight, narrowly funnel-shaped. Stamens 2; anther-cells 2, pavrallel,
at equal height, rounded at base; pollen 45 by 30 p, with 2 stopples
and 2 longitudinal bands on either side each stopple. Style glabrate.

PERAK: King’s Collector 970; Scortechim 95; Curtis 3153.

This species is close to the Khasia L. debilis, C. B. Clarke sub Diantherd, in which
the flowers are in approximate, sessile, opposite pairs, forming long linear spikes.

2. LepA opovata, C. B. Clarke, n.sp. Nearly glabrous; the
inflorescence minutely pubescent. Stem 1 foot or more. Leaves
opposite, subequal; blade 5-5 by 2°25 in. obovate, with a very short
acumination, entire, with many rhaphides, long decurrent at base;
petiole hardly ‘5 in. long. Panicle terminal, long-peduncled, with few long
linear branches; bracts and prophylla minute; the branches very narrow
thinly flowered racemes ; pedicels -06 in. long, or occasionally 2 to 3
flowers clustered. Sepals -125 in. long, linear, acute. Corolla (‘‘yellow”’
in Ridley’s example) :5 in. long; tube straight, narrowly funnel-shaped.
Stamens 2; anther-cells 2, parallel, one placed at one-third of its
length below the other, rounded at base; pollen ellipsoid with longitu-
dinal bands. Capsule (young) ‘7 in. long, with a linear stalk, pubescent.

PERAK: Scortechine (type of species). Srnancor: Lizdley 7592 (an
imperfect specimen ; appears to match).

This species is near Dianthera leptostachya, Benth.

3. LeEpA (?) DENsIFLORA, C. B. Clarke,n.sp. Glabrous. Stems 8 in.
long, decumbent at base. Leaves opposite, equal, some 5 by 1 in., lan-
ceolate, some 5 by 1:5 in, elliptic-lanceolate; nerves 7 to 8 pair, patent ;
rhaphides many, small on both surfaces ; margin undulate ; base cuneate
to a petiole -25 in. long. Inflorescence terminal; peduncle -5 in. long ;

20

692 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

panicle 2 by 1 in., many-flowered ; pedicels 0 to ‘lin. long; bracts and
prophylla minute or 0. Sepals ‘06 in. long, lanceolate, glabrous.
Corolla ‘5 in. long, yellow, straight, funnel-shaped, deeply 2-lipped.
Stamens 2; filaments long, glabrous; anther-cells 2, oblong, parallel at
equal height, obtuse at base, microscopically hairy; pollen ellipsoid, with
2 pores and 2 longitudinal lines of patches beside each stopple. Capsule
‘75 in. long, slender, glabrous, with 4 seeds in the upper half.
Perak: Ridley 7165.

This plant satisfies the technical characters of Leda, but the habit and inflores-
cence are those of Hranthemum.

4. Lepa rapricans, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Creeping, rooting. Stems
10 in. long, divided, minutely pubescent. Leaves opposite, equal;
blade ovate, 1-5 in. long, subentire, with many small rhaphides, rhom-
boid or nearly rounded at the base; petioles -25 to ‘5 in. long. Inflor-
escence terminal, depauperated, of 2 to 3 distant flowers. Sepals
125 to ‘175 in. long, linear, somewhat pubescent. Corolla nearly °5 in.
long, as of Dianthera. Stamens 2; filaments glabrous; anther-cells 2,
nearly at equal height, muticous ; pollen short-ellipsoid, 25 » long, with
2 stopples, obscurely marked longitudinally. Pistil glabrous.

Perak: Ulu Salami, Scortechina 129.

The material for this plant is scanty, and the genus doubtful.

5. LEDA ANDROGRAPHIOIDES, C. B. Clarke. Nearly glabrous. Stems
about 1 ft. high, weak. Leaves 3 in. long, elliptic, acuminate; petioles
‘25 to ‘5 in. long. Sprkes 2 to 3 in. long, terminal, solitary; flowers
solitary, opposite, in distant pairs; bracts inconspicuous. Sepals
‘125 in. long, linear-lanceolate, nearly glabrous. Corolla ‘5 in. long or
rather more; tube cylindric, straight; lips short. One anther-cell
below the other, with a minute callus at the base; hardly tailed.
Justicia andrographoides, C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IY.
534; Ridley in Journ. As. Soc. Straits 121 (Singapore 1900).

Stncapore; fide Aidley—Distris. Tenasserim.

30. Potyrrema, C. B. Clarke, n. gen.

Slender undershrubs. Opposite pairs of leaves equal or unequal.
Inflorescence in small, few-flowered, axillary cymes; bracts incon-
spicuous. Calyx-lobes 5, linear. Corolla small, 2-lipped. Stamens 2;
anther-cells 2, oblong, standing a little apart, one slightly below the
other, having its base muticous or sometimes acute, not tailed. Pollen
globose or obscurely trigonous-globose, without (or with very obscure)
longitudinal bands, surface smooth or most minutely uniformly granu-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 693

lar; stopples 4 in the typical species, possibly 4 to 3 in other species.
Capsule stalked, with 4 seeds.—DistR1B. Species: the 3 here described
and 1 in the Philippines.

A group of species resembling in habit some of the Malay plants referred to
Ptysiglottis by Hallier f. in Nova Acta Leop. Carol. Akad. 70 (1897) (as P. lan-
ceolata, Hallier f. l.c. 221, t. 15, fig. 1, or P. frwtescens, Hallier f. l.c. 222, t. 16,
fig. 2), which have ellipsoid pollen longitudinally banded and anther-cells approxi-
mated. The type Ptysiglottis from Ceylon is remote in habit and has approximated
anther-cells.

Leaves of opposite pairs (many of them) very unequal :—

Leaves entire; sepals 35 in. long .. oc .. 1. P. vulgare.
Leaves finely crenulate; sepals :2 in. long Bo .. 2. P. crenulatum.
Leaves of opposite pairs equal or very nearly so .. .. 38. P. isophyllum.

1. Potyrrema vutGaRre, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Nearly glabrous;
branches round, somewhat zigzag. Leaves opposite, one reduced to
an ovate auricle -25 to ‘5 in. long, the other elliptic or broadly elliptic,
4 to 6 in. long, entire, covered with small rhaphides; tip acuminate ;
base rhomboid not rounded; primary nerves 10 to 11 pair; petiole 0 to
‘175 in. long. Cymes few-flowered, small, sessile or very nearly so in
the axils; bracts and prophylla hardly any. Sepals -35 in. long, seta-
ceous, minutely pubescent or nearly glabrous. Corolla ‘7 in. long; tube
inflated in the upper half. Stamens 2; anther-cells 2, muticous,
distant, one rather the lower. Style glabrous. Capsule -7 in. long,
glabrate, with 4 seeds in the upper part.

Perak: Firdley 7164, 9445, 9768; Wray 3591 (partly); Goping,
King’s Collector 486. Srvancor: Frdley 8545.

2. PoLYTREMA CRENULATUM, C. B. Clarke, n.sp. Branches 6 to 8 in.
long, decumbent, much divided. Leaves up to 2°5 by 1 in., subsessile,
elliptic-acuminate; margin finely crenulate. Cymes closely axillary,
1- to 3-flowered. Sepals 2 in. long, linear-setaceous, nearly glabrous.
Corolla ‘35 in. long. Otherwise as P. vulgare.

PERAK: Scortechina (two collections without number).

This is possibly only a starved form of P. vulgare, but it is considerably smaller
in every part.

3. PoLyTREMA IsopHyLLUM, C. B. Clarke, n.sp. Herb, 1 to 2 ft.
high, nearly glabrous. Leaves opposite, equal, yellow when dry; blade
4-5 by 1°75 in., elliptic-acuminate ; base cuneate, entire, covered with
rhaphides; primary nerves 7 to 8 pair; petioles -5 to 1 in. long.
Cymes small, few-flowered, closely axillary. Sepals -35 in. long, seta-
ceous, minutely pubescent. Corolla white, more than -‘dgin. long.
Stamens 2; filaments glabrous; anther-cells rather long, not tailed,

694 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

distant but nearly parallel, one (for one-third its length) below the
other. Pzstil glabrous.
PrERAK: Scortechini 224.

31. Ecsonium, Kurz.

Spikes strobilate; bracts imbricate, enclosing the calyx. Corolla-
tube linear. Stamens 2, without rudiments; anther-cells 2, narrowly
oblong, at equal height, muticous; pollen globose, with meridional
bands. Capsule stalked, with 4 large flat seeds in the round head.
Otherwise as Justtcia.—Distrip. Species 12 in the warm parts of
Africa, Madagascar, Arabia, and India.

This genus resembles the section Bracteate of Justicia, which has similar strobilate
spikes ; it differs in having the anther-cells at equal height and without tails. It is
difficult to say by what character it differs from some of the American species of
Dianthera; but the Malay Dianthere (Leda) have all very small bracts.

1. Ecsotium Linneanum, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XL. i. 75
(1871). A small shrub, glabrate; the inflorescence somewhat pubescent.
Leaves opposite, equal, elliptic or obovate, acute, 3 to 6 in. long; base
cuneate; petiole ‘5 to 1:5 in. Spvkes strobilate, 2 to 6 in. long,
terminal and on axillary peduncles; bracts ovate, ‘5 in. long, green,
varying in their margin, which is sometimes serrate, sometimes quite
entire, rounded at the tip; prophylla 2, minute. Sepals -2 in. long,
narrow. Corolla green-blue; tube °75 to 1 in. long, linear to the top;
lips °35 to ‘5 in. long. Capsule -75 in. long; stalk narrowly cylindric ;
head round, flat, -3 in. in diam., containing 2 large, round, thin, rough
seeds. Boiss. Fl. Orient. IV. 526; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzen-
fam. IV. 38, 338; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 544, and
in Dyer Fl. Trop. Afr. V. 236 (with syn.) ; Prain Beng. Plants 816.

Prenane: King’s Collector 1671. Manacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1172.
SINGAPORE: Deschamps. — DistRis. Common in warm Africa and
India; not yet known from the Malay Archipelago.

Recognized by its green-blue corolla, or by the broad head to the capsule.

32. GRAPTOPHYLLUM, Nees.

Glabrous shrubs. Leaves equal, opposite, entire. Pamnicles ter-
minal, dense, oblong; bracts and prophylla very small. Corolla large,
red; tube narrowly funnel-shaped, curved; otherwise nearly as
Ecbolium.—Distrip. Species 3, whereof 1 is widely spread in the
warm regions of the Old World, and 2 in Australia.

The red corolla has a much broader tube than that of Hcbolium. The much-
cultivated species here described is not confounded with Hcboliwm, but is marked

Flora of the Malayan Penmnsula. 695

sometimes Justicia, from which it differs by the anther-cells at equal height, not
tailed.

1. GRAPTOPHYLLUM HORTENSE, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. III.
102 (1832). Attains 6 to 8 ft. in height. Leaves broadly elliptic, 5
to 9 in. long, cuneate at either end; petiole hardly -25 in. Panicle
narrowed nearly to a raceme, terminal, subsessile, 10- to 40-flowered ;
bracts and prophylla inconspicuous. Sepals ‘175 in. long. Corolla red ;
tube *75 in. long; lips‘d in. long. Hassk. Cat. Hort. Bogor. 150; Moritzi
Verz. Zoll. Pi. 47; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 824; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. FI.
Br. Ind. IV. 545, and in Dyer Fl. Trop. Afr. V. 241 (with syn.). G. pictum,
Griff. Notul. IV. 139; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV.
3B, 327.

Perak: Scortechint 1545. Kepan: King’s Collector 1765. Wild
probably in the Malay Archipelago, where it is plentiful. Frequent in
India, also in Guinea, where it is almost certainly introduced. |

33. PERISTROPHE, Nees.

Erect branched herbs. Leaves opposite, subequal, petioled. Flowers
1 to 4 together, and of these one or more often imperfect, clustered
between 2 floral leaves; the flower-clusters often peduncled, axillary or
terminal; bract and prophylla to each flower small or 0. Calyx small,
deeply lobed into 5 subequal lanceolate teeth. Corolla rose or purple ;
tube slender; limb 2-lipped; upper lip subentire, lower subequally
3-lobed. Stamens 2; filaments pubescent below; anther-cells 2,
muticous, narrow, curved, one half its length above the other; pollen
short-ellipsoid, longitudinally banded. Ovary 4-ovulate; style filiform,
minutely bifid. Capsule ellipsoid, stalked, minutely pubescent; placentze
not rising elastically from the base; seeds granular, subtubercular.—
Distris. Species 25, but several very close together, extending from
Africa to Japan and New Caledonia.

Floral leaves ovate triangular, °5 in. broad; corolla 1:25 in. long 1. P. tinctoria.
Floral leaves broadly lanceolate, :175 in. broad ; corolla:75in.long 3. P. salicifolia.
Floral leaves linear-ligulate, -06 to -09 in. broad; corolla -75 to

1 in. long oc <c ac 2c .. 2. P. acuminata.

These three species are very closely allied, as are all species admitted of this
group by Nees and Miquel. P. montana, Nees, P. angustifolia, Nees, P. salicifolia,
Blume, P. commutata, Nees, are not improbably natives of the Malay Peninsula, but
are included between P. tinctoria and P. acuminata.

1. PERISTROPHE TINCToRIA, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. III. 113
(1832). Often 3 to 4 ft. high. Leaves 3:5 by 1:75 in., cuneate at either
end, entire, sparingly pubescent; petioles ‘25 to 1 in. long. Pedwnecles

696 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

'25 to 1 in. long, several often approximated, subpanicled, often
glabrate. Floral leaves ovate-triangular, large, up to 1 by ‘5 in.;
margins not ciliate, but (more or less) minutely scabrid. Calyx ‘175 to
‘2 in. long, grey, hairy; teeth lanceolate. Corolla 1:25 in. long.
Anthers ‘175 in. long. Capsule ‘6 in. long. C. B. Clarke in Hook. f.
Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 556; Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 248 (1890) ;
Prain Beng. Plants 820. P. pallida, Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 494;
Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 846; Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soe. ser. 2, III.
334 (1893).

JoHORE: Fiidley. Krian: Scortechint 1873. Stnearore: Scorte-
chint 370, 816.—Distris. Cultivated much in South-east Asia.

P. fera, C.B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 556, is possibly the wild form of
P. tinctoria, and hardly differs from it but by having the floral leaves ciliate on the
margins. This plant is (partly) described as P. tinctoria by Nees and Miquel; I have
seen no example of it from the Malay Peninsula.

2. PERISTROPHE ACUMINATA, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. III. 113
(1832). Smaller than P. tenctoria, Nees, in all its parts. Floral leaves
‘) by ‘06 to -09 in. broad, glabrous. Corolla -75 to 1 in. long. Capsule
‘Din. long. Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 496; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe.
IX. 521 (1867); C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. TV. 555; Lindau in
Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 38, 331; Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soc.
ser. 2, ITI. 334 (1893), and in Journ. As. Soc. Straits 122 (Singapore
1900). P. Blumeana, Hassk. Cat. Hort. Bogor. 152; Nees in DC.
Prodr. XI. 495; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 848. Justicia Roxburghiana,
Blume Bijdr. 786, fide Miquel.

Penane: Deschamps, Curtis 681. Panane: Ridley 1165. Perak:
Scortechint 14, 146; King’s Collector 285. Mauacca: Griffith; Harvey ;
Curtis 254; Goodenough. Stncapore: Hullett 93. Prxan: fide Ridley.—
Distris. Eastern India, Burma, Java.

3. PERISTROPHE SALICIFOLIA, Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. II. 847 (1856).
Leaves oblong-lanceolate, often 3 by °d in., rarely elliptic-lanceolate,
often long acuminate. Floral leaves ‘6 by 175 in. (or broader). Corolla
‘75 in. long. Capsule -5 in. long. Justicia salicifolia, Blume Bijdy.
787. Hypoestes salicifolia, O. Kuntze Revisio I. 491 (1891).

Penance: Deschamps; King’s Collector; Ridley 9375. Prax :
Scortechim; Wray 847.—Distris. Java.

This species is separated here from P. acuminata by the sole character of broader
bracts, and I doubt its specific distinctness. It is a curious coincidence that O. Kuntze
should have named his plant (which is at Kew) salictfolia, as he did not intend it to
be = Blume’s Justicia salicifolia.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 697

34. Hyporstes, R. Brown.

Erect branched herbs or shrubs. Leaves opposite, subequal,
petioled. lowers paired, one of these often imperfect or wanting
the two bracts connate (in the Malay species) into an obconic or
cylindric involucre; prophylla to the lower bract inside the involucre
usually longer than the calyx; prophylla to the upper bract often 0;
involucres often numerous, in heads, dense panicles or racemes. Calyx
shorter than the involucre, deeply lobed; teeth 5, lanceolate. Corolla
rose-purple; tube linear; lips 2, narrow. Stamens 2; anthers of 1 cell,
muticous; pollen ellipsoid, longitudinally striate. Ovary 4-ovulate;
style glabrate upwards, shortly bifid. Capsule oblong or ellipsoid,
stalked, 4-seeded ; placentze not rising elastically from the base of the
capsule ; seeds glabrous, tuberculate-granular—Distris. Species 40,
mostly in Africa and Mascarenia; 8 species are described by Miquel
from Malaya, but these 8 are so closely allied that they might be
described as 2.

The genus Hypoestes abounds in the Malay Archipelago, and the quantity of
. material from thence is very large. In India, again, Hypoestes is frequent. But
from the Malay Peninsula I have only seen one collection, viz. Maingay 1176, here
described.

1. HyporsTEs MALACCENSIS, Wight Ic. 1555 (before 1850). Pube-
scent, branched, 1 to 2 ft. high. Leaves up to 3 by ‘8 in., elliptic-lan-
ceolate, narrowed at either end, entire, petiole ‘5 in. long. Involucres
in axillary and terminal ovoid clusters 1 in. long; involucres ‘8 in. long,
shortly conic at base, with 2 linear teeth. Calyx 25 in. long, minutely
thinly hairy. Corolla ‘75 in. long. Pollen with 3 stopples. T. Anders,
in Journ. Linn. Soc. IX. 522 (1867); C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br.
Ind. IV. 558; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 33, 333.
H. rosea, Dene. in Nouv. Ann. Mus. III. 381 (Paris 1834) (non Beauv.).

Mauacca: Griffith; Capt. A. C. Wight; Maingay (K.D.) 1176.—
Distris. Malay Islands.

With this is united (in Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 558) the Malay Archipelago species
H. Decaisneana, Nees, and H. laxiflora, Nees, which differ very little.

35. Runeta, Nees.

Small undershrubs or herbs. Leaves opposite, equal. Flowers in
peduncled spikes; floral leaves sometimes strobilate, including two
bracts ; lower bract longer than the calyx, upper smaller, sterile, nearly
always empty. Sepals 5, nearly separate, linear. Corolla small,
2-lipped; tube oblong, short; lobes imbricated in the bud. Stamens 2;

698 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

1 anther-cell below the other usually appendaged; pollen ellipsoid,
longitudinally banded. Ovary 4-ovulate; style at tip emarginate.
Capsule small, with 4 or 2 seeds; placente rising elastically with the
seeds, from the base of the capsule; seeds glabrous, minutely tubercu-
late-——Distris. Species 35, mainly in India, extending to China,
Australia, and Africa.

This genus can be separated from the small species of Justicia by the fruit.

1. Runeta Laxirtors, C. B. Clarke. Suberect, 3 ft. high, nearly
glabrous. Leaves: lamina 3° by 1:25 in., elliptic, narrowed at either
end; petioles -25 to lin. long. Spikes 2 to 4 in. long, linear, flexuose,
very lax; the outer bracts often scarcely imbricated. Bract (floral
leaf) 9 mm. long, narrow-lanceolate, with scarious margins; the two
prophylla lanceolate with scarious margins, the lower ‘3 in. long,
the upper sterile, smaller. Sepals -275 in. long, linear, glabrous.
Corolla -6 in. long, ‘pale yellow, striped with light grey”’ (Collector’s
note). Stamens 2; lower anther-cell smaller than the upper, with a
white spur; pollen 50 » long, with 3 stopples. Style glabrous, minutely
hairy near the base. Capsule -35 in. long; minutely hairy; placentz
rising elastically; seeds minutely tubercled. ? Justecra laaxrflora,
Blume Bijdr. 789.

Perak: Scortechini; Lartt, alt. 3000 ft., King’s Collector 3676;
alt. 100 ft., Kzng’s Collector 1815.—Disrris. Java (?).

”

Justicia laxiflora, Blume, has the filament ‘‘antice barbata,” and could hardly
be this. It was Zollinger, n. 1539 fide Moritzi Verz. Zoll. Pfl. 47, which I have not
got. But I believe I got the name Rungia laxiflora from a Java plant marked Justicia
laxiflora, which passed through my hands.

2. RUNGIA MINUTIFLORA, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Suberect, a branched
herb, 9 in. high. Leaves: blade 2 by ‘75 in., ovate-lanceolate; tip
obtuse, nearly glabrous, attenuated at base; petiole up to ‘5 in. long.
Spikes linear, 1 to 1:25 in. long, very lax, interrupted at base; flower-
bract ‘125 in. long, elliptic-obtuse, green, microscopically brown-hairy.
Corolla ‘2 in. long. Stamens 2; one anther-cell a little below the other
distinctly tailed. Capsule :15 to ‘175 in. long; placente rising elastically
from the valves; seeds brown, minutely tuberculated.

Kepau: Lankawi Island, Curtzts 3689.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 699

Family XCI.—LABIATA.
[By D. Pratn.]

Herbs, less often shrubs, usually beset with oil-glands. Stem usually
4-angled. Leaves opposite or whorled; exstipellate. Flowers irregular,
solitary, 2-nate or fascicled, axillary or in centrifugal spicate cymes
which by union in pairs form false whorls. Calyx persistent, nearly
regular, or variously 4- to 5-cleft, or 2-lipped. Corolla gamopetalous,
hypogynous ; limb 4- to 5-lobed, or 2-lipped and personate, the lobes
imbricate in bud. Stamens attached to the corolla-tube, usually 4 didy-
namous, sometimes the upper pair imperfect; anther-cells divaricate or
parallel, sometimes disjoined, sometimes confluent. Disk usually pro-
minent, regular or irregular. Ovary free, composed of two 2-celled carpels,
the cells of which are also free; style simple, inserted between the lobes
of the ovary; the stigma usually 2-lobed, its arms often unequal; ovules
in each cell solitary, erect, anatropous. Hrwit of 4 dry or rarely fleshy
_ |-seeded nutlets, rarely one or more of these abortive, situated at the
base of the calyx; scar of attachment usually basal, small, occasionally
lateral or sublateral and larger. Seeds small, erect, without albumen,
or albumen very scanty; radicle inferior.— Distris. Species about
2800, mainly in North Temperate regions.

Stamens 4, declinate :-—
Lowest corolla-lobe patent, flat or slightly concave, wide-
based; calyx-limb 2-lipped; upper tooth much wider than
the others; filaments free :—
Corolla-tube very short, not or slightly exserted ; ne

2-fid he 5¢ 1. Ocimum.
Corolla-tube long, aedally far ae stigma entire or
subentire .. . 2. ORTHOSIPHON.
Lowest corolla-lobe defioned. S| or Guanitoree narrow-
based :—

Calyx-limb uniform ; teeth 5, subequal ; lowest corolla-lobe
thick-edged, deeply saccate, not much longer than the
others; filaments free .. 3. Hypris.
Calyx-limb 2-lipped ; upper tooth otten (not Airhyy vider
than the others; lowest corolla-lobe cymbiform, much
longer than the others, its margin not thickened :—
Filaments free beyond point of insertion on corolla-tube 4. PLECcTRANTHUS.
Filaments connate in a sheath round the style . CoLEvs.
Stamens not declinate; filaments free :—
Stamens 4, erect or spreading, equal or subequal; calyx-
limb uniform; teeth 5, subequal; corolla-lobes 4, flat,
subequal :—

Or

700 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Anthers 1-celled ; filaments bearded :—
Whorls glomerulate in stout, lax, usually interrupted
spikes DA
Whorls aggregated in Ayelentier, dene: coutinnene spikes
Anthers 2-celled, cells parallel; filaments not bearded;
whorls sometimes terminal, usually axillary .. ae
Stamens ascending under upper lip of corolla; usually 4 didy-
namous, the anterior pair the longer; sometimes 2, one pair
being imperfect; corolla 2-lipped :—
Calyx-limb distinctly 2-lipped :—
Calyx-throat remaining open after flowering; tube without
dorsal appendage, undivided in fruit and persistent :—
Stamens two pairs; upper calyx-lip 3-toothed 3
Stamens one pair, with remote anther-cells; upper calyx-
lip 3-toothed or entire
Calyx-throat occluded after ower ; tube with a desea
plate or pouch, 2-partite ; the upper segment deciduous in
fruit
Calyx-limb eritorin, or, if oblique, nob 2- aped:
subequal :—
Anthers dimorphic ; cells of anterior longer pair dimidiate,
1-locular, of posterior shorter pair 2-locular; upper corolla-
lip short, flattish, pubescent externally but not woolly;
flowers medium, purplish; calyx-teeth 5, subequal
Anthers uniform ; upper corolla-lip arched or hooded over
stamens :—
Calyx-teeth 6 to 10; limb often oblique; upper corolla-
lip densely woolly externally :—
Lower corolla-lip shorter than upper;
yellow .. . Be
Lower corolla-lip ionbey enum upper ; Abeer medium
or small, white
Calyx-teeth 5, subequal: limb ditrobin upper corolla- tip
pubescent externally but not woolly :—
Nutlets with a small basal or subbasal scar :—
Nutlets dry; flowers medium :—
Calyx-teeth spinescent; flowers purplish ; leaves
deeply incised . ie ;
Calyx-teeth ese eeet ee ; flowers rove or dah
leaves not incised ow
Nutlets fleshy; flowers large, yellow or hits
Nutlets with a large lateral scar; flowers very small,
yellow ..

the teeth

flowers large,

1. Ocimum, Linn.

Strongly scented herbs or undershrubs.

10.

ills

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.
17.

18.

. PoGOsTEMON.
. DysoPHYLLA.

. MentTHA.

. CALAMINTHA.

SALVIA.

SCUTELLARIA.

ANISOMELES.

LEONOTIS.

Levcas.

LEONURUS.

PARAPHLOMIS.
GOMPHOSTEMMA.

CyMARIA.

Flowers small, in 6- to

10-flowered whorls, spicate or racemose; pedicels recurved under the

calyx; bracts small, caducous.

Calyx ovoid or campanulate, in fruit

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 701

deflexed, 2-lipped ; upper lip broad, flat, decurrent ; lower usually with
4 slender teeth, the central pair exceeding the lateral. Corolla-twhe
short, not annulate within; limb 2-lipped; lower lip declinate, entire, flat
or nearly so; upper rather shorter than lower, subequally 4-fid. Stamens
4, declinate, didynamous, exserted; filaments free or the lower pair
connate below, naked or the upper toothed or hairy below; anther-cells
confluent. Dzsk entire or 3- to 4-lobed. Style 2-fid; lobes subulate or
flattened. Nuwtlets smooth or subrugose, mucilaginous when moistened.
—Distris. Species about 60, throughout the Tropics.

Pedicels equalling or exceeding the calyx; two lower calyx-teeth

longer than the upper lip .. te cc .. 1. O. sanctum.
Pedicels much shorter than the calyx :—
Lower calyx-teeth longer than the upper lip ate -- 2. O. Basilicum.
Lower calyx-teeth shorter than the upper lip 3. O. gratissimum.

1. Octwum sanctum, Linn. Mant. 85 (1767). An erect, softly hairy,
much-branched herb, 1 to 2 ft. high. Stems and branches usually
purplish, often woody at the base. Leaves opposite, membranous,
pubescent on both surfaces, especially on the nerves and principally
beneath, elliptic-oblong, obtuse or acute; base cuneate or truncate,
entire; the margin elsewhere entire or serrate; 1 to 2 in. long, ‘6 to
1:2 in. wide; petiole -5 to 1 in. long, slender, pubescent. Flowers in
slender racemes or panicles, 6 to 8 in. long, of rather close whorls;
practs ovate-acuminate, ‘12 in. long, ciliate. Calyx -12 in. (in fruit
‘2 in.) long; pedicels longer than the calyx, slender, -25 in. long,
pubescent; lower lip of calyx longer than upper, its 4 teeth lanceolate,
similar below; the central pair with long, slender, awn-like, upcurved
tips, which project beyond the upper lip; the lateral pair with short
straight tips; upper lip wide-obovate or suborbicular, reflexed, shortly
apiculate. Corolla ‘15 in. long, purplish-pink; upper lip pubescent on
the back. Flaments exserted, slender; the upper ones with a small
bearded basal appendage. Nutlets ‘05 in. long, wide-ellipsoid, smooth,
yellow with black markings. Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 14; Wall. Cat. 2716;
Benth. in DC. Prodr. XII. 38; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 939; Hook. f. FI.
- Br. Ind. IV. 609; Prain Beng. Plants 843. 0. monachorum, Linn.
Mant. 85. O. tenuflorum, Linn. Sp. Pl. I. 597; Benth. in DC. Prodr.
XII. 39. O. modorwm, Burm. Thes. Zeylan. 175, t. 80, f. 2.

In most of the provinces; in waste places. — Distris. South-east
_ Asia from Arabia eastwards; Australia; Pacific Islands.

This, the Sacred Tulsi of India, is no doubt an introduced plant in our area;
where it is indigenous is uncertain.

702 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

2. Ocimum Basiuicum, Linn. Sp. Pl. 597 (1753). An erect branching
herb, 2 to 3 ft. high. Stems and branches usually green, sometimes
purplish, glabrous or more or less hispidly hairy. Leaves opposite,
membranous, green or purplish, variously pubescent, in extreme forms
quite glabrous, in others strongly hispidly hairy, ovate-acute; base
cuneate, entire; margin elsewhere entire or toothed or occasionally (in
cultivated forms) deeply lobed; 1 to 2 in. long, 6 to 1:2 in. wide,
occasionally, in cultivated varieties, larger; petiole ‘5 to 1 in. long.
Flowers in rather dense racemes of whorls, the terminal raceme ulti-
mately 6 to 8 in. long, much exceeding the lateral, rarely (var. thyrsoidea)
with all the racemes subequal, forming a terminal thyrse; bracts ovate-
acute, petiolate. Calyx -2 in. (in fruit -35 in.) long; pedicels very short;
lower lip with central pair of teeth longer than the upper lip, which is
orbicular, longer than the campanulate tube. Corolla 35 to °5 in. long,
variously white or pink or purplish, nearly or quite glabrous to
pubescent or (var. ciliata) hispidulous. Filaments shortly exserted; the
upper ones with a tooth above the base. Nutlets -07 in. long, ellipsoid,
pitted. Wall. Cat. 2713; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 608.

Perak: Wray! Prenane: Wallich! Manacca. Perhaps only culti-
vated in our area.—Distris. Throughout Tropics of Eastern Hemi-
sphere and Polynesia.

The presence of this species in Malacca is recorded by Sir J. D. Hooker (FI. Br.
Ind. l. c.), but there are not now any Malacca specimens at Kew. In Penang it has
only been collected by Wallich ; his plant is a glabrous form never met with in India
save in gardens. No complete specimens have been sent from Perak, but Wray
records the species, under the name “ Ruku,” as an adulterant of Patchouli.
‘“‘Ruku” is, however, the Malay name for Hyptis graveolens, which is one of the usual
adulterants of Patchouli leaves, though the writer finds that samples of ‘‘Ruku”
do contain, mixed with the leaves and calyces of Hyptis graveolens, calyces of
O. Basilicum. The particular variety met with in these samples being var. pilosum,
there is just a possibility that in Perak this may sometimes occur as an escape from
cultivation.

3. Ocimum GRATISsIMuM, Linn. Sp. Pl. 1197 (1753). A shrubby,
much-branched perennial, 4 to 6 ft. high, woody at the base. Stems
glabrous; young branches pubescent. Leaves opposite, chartaceous,
pubescent, elliptic-lanceolate, acute; base cuneate, entire; margin else-
where coarsely crenate-serrate; 2°5 to 5 in. long, 1°5 to 2°25 in. wide;
petiole 1 to 2:5 in. long, slender, pubescent. lowers in simple or
branched, strict, slender racemes; whorls rather close; rachis softly
pubescent ; bracts sessile, acuminate from a wide ovate base, exceeding
the calyx, decussate and squarrose in young racemes. Calyx -12 in. (in
fruit ‘25 in.) long, pubescent, glandular; pedicels very short, softly

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 703

pubescent; lower lip with central pair of teeth minute and much
shorter than the upper lip, which is rounded and recurved. Corolla
‘17 in. long, yellowish- or greenish-white, externally pubescent. Fla-
ments distinctly exserted ; upper pair with a bearded tooth at the base.
Nutlets ‘06 in. long, subglobose, rugose, brown. Roxb. FI. Ind. III. 17;
Wall. Cat. 2720; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 608.

Penane: Wallich. Almost certainly only cultivated in our area.—
Distris. Tropics generally, but doubtfully indigenous in America.

The only record of this species from our area is that of Wallich, who collected
specimens in Penang in 1822. Seeing that no one has sent it since from any of
the provinces, it may almost certainly be concluded that Wallich’s specimens came —
from cultivated plants or from casual escapes that have not become permanently
established.

2. ORTHOSIPHON, Benth.

Herbs, undershrubs, or shrubs. Flowers in 6- or fewer-flowered
racemosely arranged whorls ; bracts small. Calyx 2-lipped, ovoid or
campanulate-tubular, deflexed in fruit ; lower lip 4-toothed, the central
and lateral teeth distinct or shortly connate, usually subulate; upper
lip broad, membranous; the margins decurrent. Corolla 2-lipped;
tube often slender, straight or incurved ; lower lip entire, concave ;
upper lip 3- to 4-fid. Stamens 4, declinate, didynamous, included or
exserted; filaments free, not appendaged at base; anther-cells con-
fluent. Dzsk usually gibbous. Style with a small capitate or clavate,
entire or notched stigma. Nuwtlets dry, ovoid or globose, smooth or
nearly so.—DistRis. Species about 60, in Tropics of the Old World.

ORTHOSIPHON STAMINEUS, Benth.in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. IT. 15 (1831).
A slender glabrous or pubescent herb, 1 to 2 ft. high; stems distinctly
quadrangular. Leaves opposite, membranous, usually puberulous to
pubescent’on the nerves on both surfaces, otherwise glabrous, rather
dark-green above, ovate-acuminate, with long entire cuneate base ;
margin elsewhere coarsely wide-serrate ; 2 to 4 in. long, ‘75 to 1:5 in.
wide ; petiole -25 to 4 in. long, puberulous or pubescent. Flowers in
rather distant whorls, ‘6 in. apart below, these arranged in lax terminal
racemes 4 to 8 in. long, 1°5 in. across, not including the far-exserted
filaments. Calyx -15 in. (in fruit :25 in.) long, campanulate, puberulous
on the nerves, gland-dotted between; the two central teeth of lower
lip subulate. Corolla uniformly finely puberulous, 1 in. long, purplish
or white; tube slender, straight, thrice as long as calyx; lower lip
straight, -2 in. long; upper lip refracted, -2 in. long. Filaments glabrous,
capillary, projecting 1-2 in. beyond corolla-imb. Nutlets wide-oblong,
compressed, rugulose. Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 29, and in DC. Prodr. XII.

704 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

52; Wall. Cat. 2727; Bot. Mag. t. 5833; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I]. 944;
Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 615. Oczmum grandiflorum, Blame Bijdr. 835.
O. longiflorum, Ham. in Wall. Cat. J. ¢.

Perak: Kunstler! Stneapore: Deschamps! Nicopars: Kurz !—
Distris. South-eastern Asia and Australia.

3. Hypris, Jacq.

Herbs or shrubs. Flowers small or medium, very variously
arranged; in our species arranged in dense capitate or lax secund
heads; bracts subulate or setaceous. Calyx 10-nerved, ovate or cam-
panulate or tubular; teeth 5; subequal, erect. Corolla 5-lobed ; lowest
lobe abruptly deflexed, with thickened margin, saccate and contracted at
the base; the other lobes erect or spreading, flat. Stamens 4, declinate ;
filaments free, without basal appendages ; anther-cells confluent. Disk
entire, regular or somewhat gibbous in front. Style with subentire or
2-fid stigma. Nutlets oblong or ovoid, smooth or rugulose—DIsTRIB.
Species about 250, all American; a few introduced and established in
the Tropics of the Old World.

Flowers in dense, globose, axillary, many-flowered heads .. 1. H. brevipes.
7, JEL

Flowers in lax, secund, racemose, few-flowered heads suaveolens.

1. Hypris BREVIPES, Poit. Ann. Mus. Par. VII. 465 (1806). An
erect annual herb, 2 to 3 ft. high. Stems glabrate or pilose. Leaves
opposite, membranous, medium-green and sparsely hispid throughout
above, paler and pubescent’ on the nerves beneath, ovate-oblong or
lanceolate ; apex acute; base long-cuneate, entire; margin elsewhere
serrate; 2 to 3 in. long, -75 to 1 in. wide; petiole -25 to ‘5 in. long.
Flowers in dense heads, -4 in. in diam., on axillary, hispid, slender
peduncles -4 to ‘6 in. long; bracts ciliate, lanceolate or subulate,
rigid, ‘2 in. long. Calyx subtubular, -1 in. (in fruit 15 in.) long,
ciliate ; teeth erect, subequal, subulate, as long as the tube. Corolla
‘2in. long; tube slender. Nuwtlets ovoid, brown, minutely rugulose.
Benth. in DC. Prodr. XII. 107; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 959; Hook. f.
Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 630.

Mauacca: Griffith 3961! Prnane: King! Sincarore: Kunstler!
Perak: Scortechimw! Anpamans: at Port Blair, King !—Duisrrip.
America, from Brazil to Mexico; Tropical Africa and the Malay
Archipelago, introduced.

Hyptis capitata, Jacq., a species in habit resembling H. brevipes, is frequently met
with in gardens in §.E. Asia. It sometimes occurs spontaneously in waste places in
India, and appears to have become established in the Philippines and in Formosa. The

Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula. 705

possibility of its occurrence in our area should therefore be kept in mind. It is
readily distinguished from H. brevipes by its much larger capitula, which reach °75 in.
across, and by its calyx-teeth being shorter than the tube. There is nothing in the
description of the mysterious Leucas globulifera (Hassk. Cat. Hort. Bogor. alt. 133),
which finds a place in various works of reference and which is obviously not a Leucas,
to prevent it from haying been Hyptis capitata in cultivation, as Hasskarl says, at
Buitenzorg. Hasskarl’s small 2-fid upper lip may stand for the two upper corolla-lobes,
the lateral lobes of the lower lip being the two lateral corolla-lobes; the concave
mid-lobe, largest of the three in what Hasskarl terms the lower lip, explains itself.
Every other character agrees with Hyptis capitata, and thecombination of characters
will fif no other Labiate known to the writer as likely to be in cultivation in Java
when Hasskarl wrote.

9. HyptTis SUAVEOLENS, Poit. Ann. Mus. Par. VII. 472, t. 29, f. 2
(1806). A rigid, branching, annual herb, 2 to 4ft. high. Stems hirsute.
Leaves opposite, firmly herbaceous, dark-green, pilose above, paler,
densely grey-pubescent beneath, rather wide-ovate, subacute; base
rounded, truncate or slightly cuneate, rarely subcordate; margin
sinuate and serrulate; ‘75 to 3 in. long, ‘6 to 2 in. wide; petiole
slender, °35 to ‘75 in. long, sparingly pubescent. Flowers in lax few-
flowered, secund heads, ‘5 in. long, arranged racemosely towards ends
of branches in the axils of smaller leaves, on pubescent peduncles ‘5 in.
long; bracts minute, setaceous. Calyx campanulate, -2 in. (in fruit
‘35 in.) long, strongly ribbed; mouth villous; teeth erect, subulate,
shorter than tube. Corolla blue, 3 in. long; tube slender. Nutlets
narrowly oblong, brown, faintly rugose. Benth. in DC. Prodr. XII.
126; Mig. El. Ind. Bat. IT. 959; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 630.
Ballota suaveolens, Linn. Sp. Pl. 815. Bysteropogon suaveolens,
L’Hérit. Sert. Angl. 19. B. graveolens, Blume Bijdr. 824. Schauera
graveolens, Hassk. in Flora, 1842, IT. Beibl. 25.—Malay name “ Ruku.”

Perak: Wray! Mauacca: Maingay 2280! Prnane: Deschamps!
Nicopars: Kurz 26063 !—Distris. Tropical America; introduced and
widely spread in South-east Asia.

Leaves largely used, along with those of Urena lobata, Linn., in adulterating com-
mercial samples of leaves of Pogostemon Cablin, the Patchouli plant principally
cultivated in our area.

4, PuEctRANTHUs, L’Hérit.

Herbs or undershrubs. lowers usually small, generally in lax,
paniculate, 6- to 8-flowered cymes. Calyx 5-toothed, 2-lipped, enlarg-
ing in fruit. Corolla-tube exserted, long or short, decurved or straight;
limb gibbous or sometimes spurred, less often straight, 2-lipped; lower

706 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

lip entire, long boat-shaped; upper short, 3- to 4-fid, recurved.
Stamens 4, declinate; filaments free, simple; anther-cells usually con-
fluent. Dzsk usually produced anteriorly, there nearly to fully as long
as the ovary. Style usually 2-fid. Nutlets orbicular or occasionally
oblong or ovoid, smooth, granulate or punctate——DistRis. Species
about 100, in the Tropics of the Old World, Australia and Polynesia.

PLECTRANTHUS KUNSTLERI, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXVI. i.
521 (1897). A stoutish shrubby plant, 2 to 5 ft. high, everywhere
finely puberulous. Leaves opposite, membranous, pale-green especi-
ally beneath and there sparsely glandular-puberulous, darker and simi-
larly faintly puberulous above, sometimes with a whitish line down
the centre, ovate-acute with entire, cuneate base and short, entire,
subacuminate apex; margin elsewhere regularly crenate; 3 to 4:75 in.
long, 1:5 to 2in. wide; petiole 1:5 to 2in. long. lowers in racemed
cymes disposed in stout panicles with ascending branches, 6 in. long,
4 in. across. Calyx in fruit ‘2 in. long, gland-dotted; pedicels -15 in.
long, finely puberulous; the two lower teeth subulate, the two lateral
ovate-acute, longer than the upper orbicular-ovate. Corolla greenish-
white, or waxy white, faintly dotted, -4 in. long; the tube decurved
with a gibbous base, one and a half times as long as the boat-shaped
lower lip; upper lip rather short. #ilaments discrete from the point
at which they are free from the corolla-tube. Nutlets oblong, brown,
hardly shining. Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc. IX. 1. 55, t. 70.

Perak: Kwala Dipong, 400 to 600 ft. elev., King’s Collector (Kunstler)
8240! Kinta, 800 to 1000 ft., King’s Collector (Kunstler) 7143! On
limestone ridges.

5. Coneus, Lour.

Herbs. Flowers usually small, generally in lax, paniculate, 6- to 8-
flowered cymes. Calyx 5-toothed, 2-lipped, enlarging in fruit.
Corolla-tube exserted, long or short, decurved or straight; limb
gibbous or less often straight, 2-lipped; lower lip entire, long boat-
shaped; upper short, 3- to 4-fid, recurved. Stamens 4, declinate ;
filaments combined below into a sheath around the style; anther-cells
usually confluent. Dzsk usually produced anteriorly. Style usually
2-fid. Nutlets orbicular, oblong or ovoid, smooth, granulate or
punctate-—Distris. Species about 80, in the Tropics of the Old World
and in Australia.

CoLEUS ATROPURPUREUS, Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. II. 16 (1831).
A herb 2 to 3 ft. high, everywhere finely pubescent. Leaves opposite,
membranous, dark-green above, rather closely puberulous on the nerves,
elsewhere sparingly so, paler beneath and pubescent on the main and

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 707

secondary nerves, ovate-acute, with entire rounded rarely cuneate base,
and short, entire, blunt apex ; margins elsewhere rather widely crenate ;
2 to 4 in. long, 1:25 to 1:75 in. wide; petiole 1 to 2in. long. Flowers
in irregularly branched cymes disposed in stoutish thyrses 3 to 6 in.
long, 1:5 in. across; bracts ovate-acute, pubescent, ‘15 in. long,
deciduous. Calyx in fruit -2 in. long, sparingly gland-dotted ; pedicels
‘2 in. long, pubescent; the two lower teeth subulate, the two lateral
oblong-obtuse, shorter than the upper ovate-subacute. Corolla blue
and white, ‘35 in. long; the tube abruptly decurved, shorter than the
lower lip; upper lip very short. Hzlaments connate far beyond point of
attachment to corolla-tube. Nutlets orbicular, brown, almost shining.
Benth. Lab. Gen. & Spec. 54 and in DC. Prodr. XIT. 74; Wall. Cat.
2733; Nunes Fl. Filip. t. 208; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT..951; Hook. f.
Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 626.

In most of the Provinces.—Distrip. Malay Archipelago ;
Philippines ; Polynesia.

6. PocostEemon, Desf.

Herbs or undershrubs, often strongly scented. Leaves usually
opposite. lowers small, in simple or paniculate spikes or contracted
racemes formed of many dense-flowered subcapitate whorls. Calyx
almost equally 5-toothed. Corolla 2-lipped; upper lip 3-lobed, the
lobes subequal or the central.one rather longer and narrower than the
lateral ones; the lower lip flat, patent, entire. Stamens 4, exserted,
straight or declinate, the lower pair rather shorter than the upper ;
filaments bearded; anther-cells confluent. Disk subentire, uniform.
Style shortly 2-fid, the arms subulate, subequal. Nutlets smooth,
ovoid or ellipsoid——Distrirp. Species about 30, throughout South-
eastern Asia.

Leaves membranous, sparingly puberulous or almost glabrous ;
whorls separated by distinct interspaces throughout the spikes ;
corolla glabrous externally, except for a few hairs on margin of
lower lip . o6 iG oe of c

Leaves herbaceous, densely pubescent, especially beneath ;
whorls contiguous throughout the spikes or only the lowest
separated by an interspace; corolla uniformly pubescent
externally oi ba te oc .. 2. P. Cablin.

1. P. Heyneanus.

1. Pocostremon Heyneanus, Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. I. 31 (1830).
An erect branching herb, 2 to 4 ft. high. Stems and branches slender,
sparsely pubescent. Leaves opposite, thinly membranous, very

sparingly puberulous or sometimes almost glabrous on both surfaces,
21

708 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

medium-green above, pale-green beneath, ovate-acute; base wide-
cuneate, entire ; margin elsewhere crenate, each lobule again crenulate;
2°5 to 4 in. long, 1°5 to 2°75 in. wide; petiole 1 to 1:5 in. long, very
sparingly puberulous. Flowers in slender, simple or paniculately
branching terminal spikes 3 to 6 in. long ; whorls at the base ‘5 to °75 in.
apart, gradually more approximate upwards, but those near the apex
still -2 to ‘15 in. apart; whorls -4 in. across; bracts elliptic, acute,
sparingly puberulous, -15 in. long or less. Calyx ‘15 in. (in fruit -2 in.)
long, sparingly pubescent externally; teeth triangular, one-third the
length of the tube, equal and similar. Corolla :2 in. long, glabrous
externally save for a few hairs on margin of lower lip. laments
exserted, almost straight, all bearded. Style-arms short, only one-
tenth to one-eighth the length of the style. Nuwtlets wide-ovate, -02 in.
long, dark-brown with a paler base, smooth. Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp.
154, and in DC. Prodr. XII. 153; Wight Ic. t. 1440; Cooke Fl. Bomb.
Il. 455. P. Patchowh, Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. Addend. 66 (not
P. Patchouly, Pellet.). P. Patchouli, Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 633 (not
P. Patchouly, Pellet.).

SmnGapore: G. Thomson. Mauacca: Griffith, 3966! SELANGOR:
Rawang, Audley 7603! Cultivated or as an escape from cultivation.—
Distris. India and Ceylon; where, however, it is only known as a
cultivated plant or as an escape from cultivation.

This, the Indian ‘‘ Patchouli.” if one may judge from the specimens communi-
cated, is the plant first introduced to our area on account of its peculiar scent. There
is nothing to indicate whether it was formerly at all extensively cultivated; it does
not appear to be so now.

2. Pocostemon Casuin, Benth. in DC. Prodr. XII. 156 (1848). An
erect, rather stout, branching undershrub, 2 to 4 ft. high. Stems and
branches stout, distinctly swollen under the nodes, densely hoary-
pubescent. Leaves opposite, herbaceous, closely densely pubescent on
both surfaces, especially beneath, dark-green above, medium-green
below, ovate-acute; base shortly cuneate or subtruncate, entire ;
margin elsewhere usually deeply lobate, the lobes crenate; rarely
margin simply crenate or in upper leaves almost entire; 3 to 4 in. long,
2 to 3 in. wide; petiole 1:5 to 2°5 in. long, densely hoary-pubescent.
Flowers in stout simple spikes terminating the stem and the branches,
1:5 to 4 in. long, the lowest whorl sometimes ‘5 to “6 in. remote from
the next, the rest or all the whorls closely aggregate; whorls -75 in.
across or more; bracts elliptic, acute, densely pubescent, -2 to °35 in.
long. Calyx °2 in. (in fruit :25 in.) long, densely pubescent, especially
along the nerves; teeth triangular, one-third the length of the tube,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 709

equal and similar. Corolla :3 in. long, the throat and lips uni-
formly pubescent externally. Fzlaments exserted, almost straight, all
bearded. Style-arms rather long, one-fifth to one-fourth the length
of the style. Nutlets not seen ripe. P. Patchouly, Pellet. in Mem.
Soc. Se. Orleans V. 277, t. 7. LP. swavis, Ten. in Giorn. Bot. Ital. II.
06. P. Patchoulk, Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. I. 328, t.11. P. Patchouli
var. swavis, Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 634. Mentha Cablin, Blanco, FI.
Filip. 473. M. awricularia, Blanco Fl. Filip. ed. 2, 329 (not of Linn.).

Perak: Wray! Prenanea: Wallich! Curtis! Cultivated only, in
our area.—Distris. Philippines; where, according to Loher, it occurs
only in gardens.

This plant seems to flower not infrequently in the Philippines ; there are specimens
from thence at Kew collected both by Vidal and by Loher. So far as is known, it has
flowered only three times in Hurope: once in France, recorded by Pelletier (1844);
once in Italy, recorded by Tenore (1847); once in England, recorded by Sir W. J.
Hooker (1849): Hooker’s plant was obtained from Tenore. No flowering specimen
has ever been communicated from our area where, according to Wray and Curtis, it
is extensively cultivated by Chinese settlers. In the Royal Botanic Garden at
Calcutta the plant has been in continuous cultivation since 1834, when Wallich first
obtained it from Penang; at Saharanpur, whence it was distributed from the
Calcutta Garden, it has also been long in cultivation. At Calcutta and at
Saharanpur all attempts to induce the plant to flower have consistently failed.

This, which may be termed the Malayan, as opposed to the original or Indian
Patchouli, is not known to be cultivated anywhere in India except in botanical
gardens.

There are indications that a third kind of Patchouli plant, the Chinese
Patchouli (Microtoena cymosa, Prain), had at one time been introduced, not impossibly
by Chinese settlers, to Java. But its cultivation has not persisted in the Malayan
Archipelago, and there is no indication that it was ever introduced to the Peninsula.
The Chinese Patchouli seems at one time to haye been cultivated to a considerable
extent in North-eastern India, and to have competed in the Calcutta market with
the Indian Patchouli (Pogostemon Heyneanus). Now, however, the Malayan
Patchouli, the product of Pogostemon Cablin, appears to have so completely
supplanted both the others that neither are offered for sale, and the cultivation of
Pogostemon Heyneanus is restricted to native gardens in the Indian Peninsula,
while that of Wicrotoena cymosa ouly lingers in a few native gardens in the Khasia
Hills.

In commercial samples of the leaves of Pogostemon Cablin, various extraneous
leaves are to be met with. The chief of these are leaves of Hyptis suaveolens, Poit.,
in our area known as ‘‘ Ruku,” also leaves of Urena lobata, Linn., known in our
area as ‘‘Perpulut.” With Hyptis suaveolens, and under the same name ‘‘ Ruku,”
are associated the leaves of Ocimum Basilicum, Linn., var. pilosum. These, how-
ever, are in much smaller quantity than those of the Hyptis.

710 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

7. DysopHyLua, Bl.

Herbs. Leaves opposite or whorled. Flowers minute, in dense
long spikes composed of numerous close-set many-flowered cymes.
Calyx minute, ovoid, 5-toothed; teeth subequal; throat naked within.
Corolla minute; tube exserted or included, limb equally 4-fid; upper
lobe entire or notched, lower spreading, Stamens 4, exserted, straight
or nearly so; filaments bearded, very long; anther-cells confluent.
Disk equal, subentire. Style 2-fid. Nutlets ovoid or oblong, smooth or
granulate.—Distris. Species about 15, in Tropics of Old World and
Australia.

DyYSOPHYLLA AURICULARIA, Blume Bijdr. 826 (1826). A coarse annual
herb. Stems laxly branched, rarely simple, 1 to 2 ft. high, pubescent
with spreading hairs. Leaves opposite, membranous, rather pale-green,
especially beneath, with numerous scattered hairs above and with
similar hairs on the nerves beneath, ovate or oblong-ovate, acute or
rarely obtuse, with entire cuneate or rounded base; margins elsewhere
coarsely serrate; 1 to 2°75 in. long, 5 to 1 in. wide; petiole -1 to -4 in.
long. lowers in villous cylindric terminal spikes 1:5 to 3 in. long,
‘2 to -35 in. in diam.; whorls of cymes close-set throughout. Calyx
in fruit -1 in. long, subcampanulate, gland-dotted ; teeth subequal, tri-
angular, incurved over the nutlets. Corolla -1 in. long, pinkish; tube
slender, much exserted; lobes short, pubescent. ilaments exserted,
densely villous. Nuwtlets ellipsoid, almost smooth. Benth. Lab. Gen.
& Sp. 158, in DC. Prodr. XII. 156, and in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. I. 30; Wall.
Cat. 1548; Wight Ic. t. 1445; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 638. Mentha
auricularva, Linn. Mant. 81; Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 4; Griff. Notul.
TV. 200. M. fetida, Burm. FI. Ind. 126.

In all the provinces.—Disrris. Throughout South-east Asia.

8. Menta, Linn.

Strongly scented perennial herbs with creeping rootstocks. Flowers
small, in usually many-flowered terminal spikes or axillary whorls;
bracts small or large. Calyx tubular or campanulate, 10-ribbed,
5-toothed; teeth subequal. Corolla-tube infundibuliform, short ; lobes 4,
the uppermost rather wider than the other three, emarginate. Stamens
4, usually dimorphic, subequal; filaments free, erect, distant; anthers
2-celled ; cells parallel. Dzsk entire, uniform. Style-arms short, sub-
equal. Nutlets ovoid, smooth or reticulate.—Distris. Species variously
estimated—perhaps not more than 30 in reality—mainly in North
Temperate regions, but some now widely dispersed in all parts of the
world.

Mentua savanica, Blume Bijdr. 826 (1826). A prostrate herb, rooting

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 711

below. Stems 1 to 2 ft. long, pubescent with reflexed adpressed hairs.
Leaves opposite, membranous, harshly hairy above, glabrous beneath,
rather wide-lanceolate, acute; base long-cuneate, entire; margin else-
where serrate; 1 to 2 in. long, :25 to ‘35 in. wide; petiole -25 in. long
or shorter; floral leaves like those on the stem below the whorls.
Flowers in axillary capitate distant whorls; bracts acute, shorter than
the flowers. Calyx ‘1 in. long, tubular-campanulate, adpressed-pubes-
cent; teeth lanceolate, acute, longer than the tube. Corolla :15 in. long,
pubescent. Benth. in DC. Prodr. XII. 173. WM. sateva, Roxb. FI.
Ind. III. 6 (hardly of Linn.). M. arvensis, Thw. Enum. Pl. Zeyl. 239 ;
Trim. Fl. Ceyl. III. 381 (hardly of Linn.). MW. arvensis var. javamea,
Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 648.
Mauacca: Griffith!—Distris. Ceylon; Java; Philippines.

Apparently rare, and possibly an introduced plant in our area, seeing that it has
never been reported since Griffith met with it. As Sir J. D. Hooker remarks, this,
which is Roxburgh’s MW. sativa, may really be a form of M. sativa, Linn., and, if so, may
only be a state of MW. arvensis, Linn., to which Boissier refers WM. sativa, and to which
Thwaites refers the present plant. For the purposes of a local flora, however, it seems
better to keep this form, which is easily recognized, apart as a distinct species.

9. CanaAmintHA, Moench.

Herbs or shrubs. Flowers small or medium, in dense axillary or
loose spicate or racemose or panicled whorls. Calyx 13-nerved, 2-lipped;
lower lip 2-toothed, teeth narrow; upper lip 3-toothed, teeth wider and
more highly connate; throat naked or villous. Corolla-tube straight,
throat villous; lower lip spreading, 3-lobed; upper lip erect, flattish.
Stamens 4, didynamous, ascending under upper lip, the upper pair
sometimes imperfect; anther-cells parallel or divaricate. Dzsk uniform,
entire. Style-lobes equal or the upper smaller. Nwtlets minute, sub-
globose, smooth.— Distris. Species about 40, in North Temperate
regions.

CALAMINTHA GRACILIS, Benth. in DC. Prodr. XII. 232 (1848). A slen-
der prostrate herb. Stems 8 to 12in., faintly puberulous, rooting below.
Leaves opposite, membranous, glabrous on both sides, dark-green above,
_ paler beneath, ovate-subacute; base rounded or shortly cuneate, entire ;
margin elsewhere serrate; ‘4 to ‘6 in. long, °3 to ‘5 in. wide; petiole
‘25 in. long, puberulous. lowers in lax many-flowered whorls in axils
of uppermost leaves, and there remote or aggregated in racemose or sub-
capitate terminal racemes, with rachis sparsely pubescent; bracteoles
subulate, finely puberulous, half as long as slender pedicels. Calyx
‘12 in. (in fruit -17 in.) long; tube slightly inflated below ; lower teeth
subulate, ciliate, incurved; upper lip shortly 3-toothed, recurved; teeth

712 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

ovate; pedicels ‘12 in. long, puberulous. Corolla :2 in. long. Nuitlets
‘02 in., pale-brown, smooth.
Perak: Thaiping, Azdley 11912!—Distrie. Java; Assam.

This species is not included in the ‘ Flora of British India.’ It was obtained by the
late Mr. C. B. Clarke, at Dibrugarh in Upper Assam, subsequent to the appearance of
the account of the Indian species of this family by Sir Joseph Hooker.

10. Satvia, Linn.

Herbs, undershrubs or shrubs. flowers small, medium, or large
and showy; whorls usually in racemes or spikes; bracts small or large,
sometimes coloured. Calyx campanulate or tubular, 2-lipped; mouth
naked ; upper lip entire or 3-toothed; lower lip 2-fid. Corolla 2-lipped;
tube naked or annulate within; lower lip 3-lobed, the central lobe
usually wider than the lateral, entire or emarginate; upper lip erect.
Stamens 2, the upper pair imperfect, represented by small staminodes
or obsolete ; filaments short, articulating with a slender connective, and
sometimes produced beyond the joint; connective linear, transverse,
with an upper ascending arm which bears a linear fertile anther-
cell, and a lower straight or deflexed arm bearing a cell which may be
empty or fertile or bearing no cell. Dusk usually enlarged anteriorly.
Style shortly 2-fid; the lobes usually subulate, equal or the lower
larger, sometimes flattened. Nuwtlets ovoid, somewhat triquetrous,
smooth.—Distris. Species about 450, cosmopolitan.

Flowers rather large, showy ; corolla-tube long, far exserted .. 1. S. coccinea.
Flowers minute, inconspicuous; corolla-tube short, not exserted .. 2. S. plebeia.

1. Sanvra coccrnes, Juss. ex Murr. in Comm. Gott. I. 86, t. 1 (1778).
A slender herb, 1 to 3 ft. high. Stems numerous, 4-angled, ascending,
often branched, finely pubescent. Leaves opposite, membranous,
glabrous above, finely white-pubescent beneath, dark-green, ovate- or
cordate-acute, crenate except the base; 1 to 1:5 in. long, -75 to 1 in.
wide; petiole slender, finely puberulous, °6 to ‘8 in. long. Flowers in
6- to 10-flowered remote whorls disposed in terminal racemes; bracts
ovate-acuminate, deciduous; pedicels ‘12 in. long, slender, puberulous.
Calyx -25 in. (in fruit -35 in.) long, pubescent, striate, narrowly cam-
panulate; upper lip entire, obtuse; lower 2-fid; the lobes acute.
Corolla ‘75 in. long, red; tube straight, much exserted, widened
upwards; lower lip spreading, 3-fid; upper lip short, erect. Nutlets
‘08 in. long, very narrowly oblong, smooth, brown, shining. Linn.
f. Suppl. 88; Benth. in DC. Prodr. XII. 343; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IY.
656. S. Gerardiana, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 2150.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 713

Stnaapore: Kurz! Mauacca: Maingay 1167! 1778! Anpamans:
Port Blair, Kwrz!—Disrrm. America, where indigenous; Africa and
South-east Asia, where generally cultivated and often as an escape
from gardens.

2. SALVIA PLEBEIA, R. Br. Prodr. 501 (1810). An erect herb, 6 to
18 in. high. Stems obtusely 4-angled, grooved, hoary-pubescent.
Leaves opposite, membranous, sparsely hirsute or nearly glabrous,
oblong-oblanceolate, obtuse or subacute; base usually cuneate, entire ;
margin elsewhere irregularly crenate; 2 to 4 in. long, °75 to 1°75 in.
wide ; petiole 1 to 2 in. long. Flowers in paniculate or subthyrsoid,
interrupted, pubescent, spicate racemes ; bracts small, linear-spathulate ;
pedicels short. Calyx -1 to 12 in. (in fruit -18 to -2 in.) long, cam-
panulate, 2-lipped; upper lip obtuse, entire, lower 2-fid; the lobes
acute or subacute. Corolla small, ‘15 in. long, whitish; lower lip
3-lobed, the mid-lobe exceeding the lateral ones; upper lip oblong,
obtuse. Nutlets ‘04 in. long, ovoid, smooth, brown. Benth. Lab. Gen.
& Sp. 309, and in DC. Prodr. XII. 355; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 970;
Hook..f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 655. S. brachiata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. I. 145;
Wall. Cat. 2149.

Matacca: perhaps also in some ofthe other provinces.—DIstTRIB.
South-east Asia generally; Australia. “A very common Indian field-
weed, but in our area apparently extremely rare and perhaps only
introduced.

11. ScutenuaRis, Linn.

Herbs or undershrubs. Flowers often in long narrow racemes.
Calyx campanulate, 2-lipped ; lips closed in fruit, ultimately free to the
base, the upper at length deciduous, with a deciduous dorsal scale or
pouch, the lower persistent. Corolla 2-lipped; tube long, usually
abruptly recurved beyond the calyx and ascending, dilated at the
throat, not annulate within; lower lip wide, 3-lobed, the lateral lobes
small and often connate with upper lip, which is erect, galeate, entire
or notched. Stamens 4, didynamous, the upper pair shorter, ascending
under the hooded upper lip; anthers connivent, ciliate, those of upper
stamens 2-celled, of lower 1-celled. Dusk elongate. Style 2-fid;
upper lobe very short. Nuwutlets subglobose, smooth, granulate or
hispidulous.—Distris. Species about 90, mainly in the Northern
Hemisphere.

Pubescent ; leaves purple beneath ; corolla pale-blue .. IL. S. discolor.
Glabrous ; leaves green beneath; corolla dark-blue, with white
centre of lower lip ae ie ee .. 2. S. andamanica.

714 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

1. ScUTELLARIA DIscoLoR, Colebr. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. I. 66 (1830).
A slender pubescent herb. Stems ascending from a creeping rootstock,
1 to 2 ft. high; rarely branched, often naked above. Leaves opposite,
and crowded towards the base of the stem, pubescent on both sides,
often purple beneath, elliptic, obtuse; base rounded or cordate; margin
erenate; 1:5 to 4 in. long, ‘75 to 2°5 in. wide; petioles 1 to 3 in. long.
Flowers disposed in slender racemes 2 to 8 in. long; rachis pubescent ;
bracts ‘1 to -15 in. long; pedicels ‘1 in. long. Calyx -12 in. (in fruit
‘2 in.) long, pubescent. Corolla pale-blue, faintly puberulous externally,
‘5 to ‘6 in. long; tube -4 in. long; throat somewhat dilated; lower lip
3-lobed; upper lip galeate, obtuse. Nutlets -03 in. long, scabrid.
Benth. in DC. Prodr. XII. 417; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 667.
S. indica, Blume Bijdr. 839; Wall. Cat. 2134 (not of Linn.). 8S. heteropoda,
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 972.

Perak: Scortechint. — Distrip. India; Indo-China; Malay
Archipelago.

2. SCUTELLARIA ANDAMANICA, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LIX. u.
307 (1890). A slender glabrous undershrub. Stems many from a
woody rootstock with clustered rootlets, 8 to 10 in. high, simple or
branched. Leaves opposite, rather few, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse ;
base long-cuneate, entire; margin elsewhere crenate-dentate; 1:5 to
1:75 in. long, -4 to ‘6 in. wide; petiole 1 to 1:5 in. long. Flowers
opposite above, in whorls of three below, in slender racemes 3 to 4 in.
long ; bracts -12 in. long; pedicels °12 in. long. Calya# -12 in. (in fruit
‘2 in.) long, glabrous. Corolla blue, with centre of lower lip white;
‘6 in. long; throat little dilated; lower lip 3-lobed; upper lip galeate.
Nutlets ‘04 in. long, scabrid, pale-brown. Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc.
PX io GaGae ty Ae

ANDAMANS: Port Blair, in stream beds, not uncommon.

12. AnisomELEs, R. Br.

Herbs, with tall coarse branching stems. Flowers medium, in
axillary whorls, or in lax branching paniculate cymes. Calyx ovoid or
tubular, straight, equally 5-toothed. Corolla-tube short, annulate
within; lower lip 3-lobed, broad and patent, the mid-lobe retuse or
notched ; upper lip entire, erect. Stamens exserted; anthers con-
nivent, those of the lower and longer pair dimidiate; of the shorter
upper pair 2-celled ; the cells parallel, transverse. Disk equal. Style
subequally 2-fid. Nutlets smooth.—Distrip. Species about 8, South-
eastern Asiatic and Australian.

Flora of the Mulayan Peninsula. 715

Stems and branches acutely 4-angled, softly pubescent to
glabrate ; corolla pale-purple ; calyx-teeth about as long as the

tube .. js are ae or Bey gle eAecoucibas
Stems and branches obtusely 4-angled, densely white woolly ;
corolla dark-purple; calyx-teeth much shorter than the tube .. 2. d. malabarica.

1. ANISOMELES ovaTA, R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, III. 364
(1811). A stoutish shrubby plant, with acutely 4-angled stems and
branches, 2 to 5 ft. high, sparingly hairy to densely pubescent or almost
woolly. Leaves opposite, thickly herbaceous, uniformly hairy to woolly-
tomentose on both sides, rather pale-green; ovate-acute with entire
truncate, rounded, or subcordate, less often shortly cuneate base;
margin elsewhere crenate-serrate; 1:5 to 4 in. long, 1 to 2-265 in.
wide, rarely rather larger low down on the stem; petiole ‘6 to 1:5 in.
long. Flowers in dense whorls, distant below, approximate above in a
dense spicate inflorescence; in fruit the cymes sometimes subsecundly
explanate; bracts -15 to -2 in. long, linear, beset with long firm hairs.
Calyx ‘25 in. (in fruit -35 in.) long, subsessile, hirsute with firm hairs ;
teeth lanceolate, acute, almost as long as tube, hairy within and without,
ciliate. Corolla -6 in. long, light-purple with blue lower lip; tube -2 in.
long ; lower lip 4-lobed from deep division of the middle segment into
two oblong lobes; the lateral lobes small, rounded; upper -25 in. long,
oblong, entire. Filaments hirsute. Nutlets -1 in. long, wide-ovate,
subcompressed; inner face bluntly angular, outer rounded, smooth,
shining, nearly black. Wall. Cat. 2040; Jacq. Hclog. I. t. 86; Hook.
Bot. Mise. II. 358, Suppl. t. 19; Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. I. 59, and
in DC. Prodr. XII. 455; Wight Ic. t. 865; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II.
975; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 672. A. distecha, Heyne in Roth Nov.
Sp. 254; Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 2. A. glabrata, Benth. in Wall. Cat.
9041. A. mollissima, Wall. Cat. 2039. A. indica, O. Kuntze Rey. Gen.
512. Nepeta mdica, Linn. Sp. Pl. 571. N. ambownca, Linn. f.
Suppl. 273. N. distecha, Blume Bijdr. 823. Ballota disticha, Linn.
Mant. 83. B. maurztiana, Pers. Syn. Il. 126. Ajuga disticha, Roxb.
Fl. Ind. III. 2. Marrubswm wamdicum, Burm. Fl. Ind. 127. WM.
odoratissumum, Burm. Thes. Zeylan. t. 71, f. 1. Monarda zeylanica,
Burm. Fl. Ind. 12.

In all the provinces, in waste places.—Distris. South-eastern Asia
generally ; China.

A very variable plant as regards tomentum ; the extreme forms being 4. glabrata,
Benth., which is only sparsely hairy, and d. mollissima, Wall., which is densely
softly woolly-pubescent. The two forms mentioned are probably deserving of separa-
tion as varieties ; intermediate states, however, occur.

716 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

2. ANISOMELES MALABARICA, R. Br. in Bot. Mag. t. 2071 (1819).
An erect shrubby plant, with obtusely 4-angled stems and branches,
4 to 6 ft. high, densely tomentose or thickly woolly. Leaves opposite,
very thickly herbaceous, pale-green above, white below, uniformly
softly woolly tomentose, oblong-lanceolate, acute, with entire rounded
or shortly cuneate base; margin elsewhere crenate-serrate; 2°5 to 4 in.
long, °75 to 1°75 in. wide; petiole °5 in. long, stout, softly woolly.
Flowers in dense whorls, distant below, approximate above, often 1-25 in.
across, forming an interrupted spicate inflorescence; bracts -4 to ‘5 in.
long, linear, acute, densely softly woolly. Calyx -3 in. (in fruit -4 in.)
long, subsessile, densely villous; teeth about half as long as tube,
narrowly lanceolate, acute, villous externally and internally, ciliate.
Corolla ‘8 in. long, dark-purple, somewhat pubescent externally; tube
‘30 in. long; lower lip 4-lobed from deep division of the middle seg-
ment into 2 oblong obtuse lobes; upper lip ‘35 in. long, obtuse. F%la-
ments pubescent. Nutlets -12 to -15 in. long, ellipsoid, compressed,
inner face faintly angled, outer rounded, smooth, shining, brown.
Wall. Cat. 2037; Hook. Journ. Bot. I. 225, t.127; Wight Ie. t.
864; Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. I. 59, in Lab. Gen. & Sp. 704, and in
DC. Prodr. XII. 456; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 673. A. intermedia,
Wight in Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 703; DC. Prodr. XII. 456. Nepeta
malabarica, Linn. Mant. 566. Ajuga fruticosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 1.

Penane: Wallach 2037! Ayer Ktam, Tat’s Corner, Curtes 3741 !—
Distris. Drier parts of India and Ceylon; Mauritius, where it is pro-
bably an introduced species.

The fact that this plant is in our area confined, so far as is known, to Penang,
makes it not improbable that we have here to deal with an introduced species. It
is a common and characteristic plant of the Deccan and of the drier region of Ceylon,
but does not occur elsewhere in India.

13. Leonotis, R. Br.

Herbs or shrubs, usually tall and coarse. Flowers large, im many-
flowered axillary whorls; bracts numerous, slender. Calyx 10-nerved ;
tube often incurved; mouth oblique, with 8 to 10 rigid teeth, the
uppermost longer than the rest. Corolla-twbe included or exserted ;
lower lip small, 3-lobed, the mid-lobe largest ; upper lip long, concave,
villous above. Stamens 4, didynamous, ascending ugder upper lip,
lower pair longer ; anthers connivent; the cells divaricate. Dzsk equal. —
Style subulate, with very short upper lobe. Nutlets obovoid or oblong
or ovoid, truncate or rounded at the apex, glabrous.—DistTRIB. Species
about 12, mostly confined to Africa, the present one occurring also in
Asia and America, where probably it was originally introduced.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 717

LEONOTIS NEPETIFOLIA, R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, III. 409
(1811). A tall erect annual herb, 4 to 7 ft. high, with stout obtusely
thickly 4-angled stems deeply furrowed between the angles, finely
pubescent. Leaves opposite, membranous, ovate-acute; base shortly
cuneate and decurrent on the petiole, entire ; margin elsewhere coarsely
crenate-serrate, finely pubescent above and below, 2°5 to 6 in. long,
15 to 4 in. wide; petiole 1 to 4 in. long, winged near apex.
Flowers in dense globose, axillary, many-flowered whorls 1:5 to 2°5 in.
across; floral leaves lanceolate, deflexed; bracts linear, strongly
spinescent at the apex, deflexed, pubescent, the longest -5 in. long or
longer. Calyx ‘6 in. (in fruit ‘75 in.) long, tubular, incurved, strongly |
ribbed, puberulous below, densely pubescent above, where also hispid
with long white hairs, reticulately veined within, glabrous ; teeth 8 to 9,
unequal, the uppermost -35 in. long, ovate-acute, much exceeding the
triangular others, all with spinescent tips. Corolla 1 in. long, orange-
scarlet ; tube ‘5 in. long, glabrous near base, densely beset above with
orange-scarlet pubescence, 3-annulate within with transverse bands of
white hairs; lower lip °15 to ‘2 in. long, with 3 oblong obtuse lobes, the
mesial rather the largest; upper lip *d in. long, densely villous with
orange-scarlet hairs. Nutlets -15 in. long, oblong-obovoid, obliquely
truncate and pitted at apex. Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. I. 59, in Lab.
Gen. & Sp. 618, andin DC. Prodr. XII. 535; Wall. Cat. 2042; Wight III.
Il. t.176 8; Wight Ic. t. 867; Bot. Reg. t. 281; Bot. Mag. t. 3700;
Mig) Fl Ind: Bat: T1984; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. EV. 691. Phlomis
nepetefolia, Linn. Sp. Pl. 586; Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 8 (sph. repetifolra).

In some of the provinces, as an escape.—Distris. Tropical Africa,
where probably indigenous, but also widespread in South-eastern Asia
and occuring in Tropical America.

14. Leucas, R. Br.

Herbs or undershrubs. lowers medium or small, in dense axillary,
usually distant, less often terminal whorls. Calyx 10-nerved, often
striate; mouth equal or oblique; teeth 6 to 10, usually unequal.
Corolla-tube not exserted, annulate or not within; lower lip 3-fid,
spreading, mid-lobe large; upper lip erect, concave, villous externally.
Stamens 4, didynamous, the upper pair shorter, ascending under upper
lip; anthers connivent; cells divaricate, ultimately confluent. Disk
entire or lobed, uniform or enlarged anteriorly. Style subulate ; upper
lobe minute or obsolete. Nuwtlets ovoid, triquetrous, obtuse—DIstTRIB.
Species about 100, chiefly in Tropics of Old World.

718 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Whorls numerous, distant, axillary ; calyx-teeth Oe slender ;
corolla small; tube not annulate within : . 1. L. martinicensis.
Whorls few, usually all or nearly all terminal ; year ween
short; corolla medium; tube annulate within near the

middle :—
Whole plant sparingly beset with hispidulous hairs; calyx-
mouth obliquely campanulate, not contracted; teeth erect .. 2. L. zeylanica.

Whole plant smooth, finely puberulous; calyx-mouth pyro-
jecting above in a large triangular lip, with the small teeth
ascending along its margins, the mouth below forming a
rounded sinus .. ae on re - .. 38. L.lavandulifolia:

1. LEUCAS MARTINICENSIS, R. Br. Prodr. 504 (1810). A tall, stout,
annual herb, 2 to 4 ft. high, more or less branched. Stem and branches
hirsute, 4-angled and 4-grooved, angles rounded. Leaves opposite,
membranous, hirsute above and below, ovate, oblong or wide-lanceolate,
obtuse; base cuneate, rarely rounded, entire; margin elsewhere widely
and rather deeply crenate; 2°5 to 3°5 in. long, 1 to 1:75 in. wide;
petiole hirsute, -4 to :7 in. long. Flowers sessile, in numerous, distant,
axillary, globose, many-flowered whorls which are “75 to 1:25 in. across:
the floral leaves decreasing upwards, especially in width of blade and
Jength of petiole ; bracteoles green, -25 to 35 in. long, narrowly linear-
lanceolate or subulate, spinescent at their tips with pale slender awns.
Calyx °4 in. (in fruit ‘6 in.) long, tubular, sigmoid, pubescent externally ;
tube within glabrous and closely reticulate; mouth with a few short
villi within, oblique; teeth 10, all lanceolate, ciliate, with fine spinescent
tips; the uppermost largest, ‘2 in. long; the others alternately longer
and shorter, ‘1 and ‘12 in. long. Corolla white, small, -35 in. long ;
tube -2 in. long, not annulate within; lower lip spreading, the lateral
lobes oblong rounded, wider than the oblong 2-fid central; upper lip
erect, white-villous. Nwtlets ‘1 in. long, obovoid-oblong, obliquely
truncate at apex, angular on inner face, rounded on outer, dark-brown,
shining. Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. I. 60, in Lab. Gen. & Sp. 617, and in
DC. Prodr. XII. 533; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 983; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind.
TV. 688. JL. polycephala, Wall. Cat. 2051. Phlomis martiunicensis, Sw.
Prodr. Veg. Ind. Oce. 88.

PERAK: in waste places, Scortechan!—Distris. Tropical America;
Tropical and South Africa ; India and Indo-China.

An introduced and as yet apparently a rare plant in our area.

2. Lucas zEYLANICA, R. Br. Prodr. 504 (1810). An erect annual
herb, 6 to 20 in. in height, simple or branched. Stems and branches
4-angled, hispidulous with scattered spreading hairs. Leaves opposite,
decussate, membranous, dark-green above, uniformly but sparsely beset

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 719

with spreading hispidulous hairs, paler and subglaucescent beneath,
with spreading hispidulous hairs on the nerves, the hairs on both sides
curved towards leaf-apex, ovate-lanceolate, or occasionally lanceolate,
acute; base long-cuneate, entire; margin elsewhere entire or remotely
and sparingly serrate; 1:5 to 3 in. long, ‘25 to ‘5, rarely -75 in. wide ;
petiole :1 to ‘2 in. long, hispidulous. lowers sessile or subsessile, in
terminal usually 6- to 8-leaved whorls ‘d to ‘75 in. across, occasionally
also axillary whorls occur below; bracts -25 in. long, linear, spinescent,
hispidulous along the margin with stiff spreading hairs. Calyx -2 in.
(in fruit -3 in.) long, turbinate, slightly curved; the tube below glabrous
or faintly pubescent externally, above beset with scattered, spreading,
hispidulous hairs; the mouth subcampanulate, oblique, distinctly trans-
versely veined between the 10 nerves, and sparingly pubescent within
with short white hairs, the uppermost of which project beyond the
limb; teeth 8, the uppermost ‘05 in. long, slightly longer than the
others, all subulate, spinescent at the tip. Corolla white, medium,
‘5 in. long; tube °25 in. long, glabrous below, enlarged upwards where
pubescent externally, annulate within near the middle; lower lip patent,
the mid-lobe large, shortly widely clawed, the lateral lobes small; upper
lip obovate, white-woolly. Nutlets :15 in. long, obovoid-oblong ; apex
subtruncate ; inner face angular, outer rounded; dark-brown or black,
shining. Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. I. 60, in Lab. Gen. & Sp. 614, and in
DC. Prodr. XII. 531; Wight Ill. t. 176; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 689.
LL. involucrata, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 2047. ZL. dimidiata, Benth. in
DC. Prodr. XII. 532 (probably not of Spreng. Syst. II. 743). L. nutans,
Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. I. 60 (not of Spreng.); Wall. Cat. 2523
(not of Spreng.). LL. malayana, Hance in Walp. Ann. III. 269. JZ.
bancana, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 572; Hallier f. Ann. Jard. Bot.
Buitenz. XIII. 293. L. aspera, Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 690 (in part ;
not of Spreng.). Phlomis zeylanica, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 2,820. Leonurus
Marrubiastrum, Burm. Fl. Ind. 127 (not of Linn.).

SINGAPORE: in waste places, frequent, G. Thomson! Kurz 2906!
Deschamps! Mauacca: Griffith !— Disrris. Throughout South-
eastern Asia.

3. LEUCAS LAVANDULIFOLIA, Smith in Rees Cyclop. XX. n. 2 (1819).
An erect, slender, annual herb, 1 to 2 ft. high, usually branching. Stems
and branches 4-angled, finely adpressed-puberulous. Leaves opposite,
herbaceous, finely puberulous on both surfaces, rather pale-green, linear-
lanceolate, less often lanceolate, subacute; base tapering gradually from
about the middle, entire; margin elsewhere entire in linear-lanceolate
leaves, sometimes remotely and sparingly serrate in lanceolate ones;
petiole usually very short or obsolete, rarely as much as °35 in. long.

720 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

Flowers subsessile or shortly pedicelled, in axillary and terminal but
always leafy whorls, and always towards apex of stem and branches, -4
to ‘6 in. across; bracts -2 to 3 in. long, narrowly linear, subspinescent,
finely puberulous. Calyx °35 in. (in fruit -45 in.) long behind, -2 to
‘25 in. long in front, sparingly puberulous or glabrous externally; tube
curved; mouth pubescent within with adpressed white short hairs,
contracted, very oblique, rounded below, and forming above a large acute
lobe much produced forward and tipped by a minute spinescent tooth ;
the remaining teeth variable in number, also minute, distant, erect
along the oblique margin, usually 3, occasionally 4, sometimes only 2
on each side, with often a small tooth in the centre of the rounded
sinus opposite the acute posterior lobe. Corolla white, medium, °d in.
long; tube -25 in. long, annulate within near the middle; lower lip
patent, the mid-lobe large, obovate, rounded, lateral lobes small ; upper
lip oblong, white-woolly. Nutlets -12 in. long, oblong, rounded at apex ;
inner face angular, outer rounded; pale-brown, dull. L. lanzfolua, Spreng.
Syst. IT. 743 (1825); Wall. Cat. 2048; Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. I.
60, in Lab. Gen. & Sp. 617, and in DC. Prodr. XII. 533 ; Mig. Fl. Ind.
Bat. IT. 983; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. TV. 690. Phlomis linifolia, Roth
Nov. Sp. 260 (1821). P. zeylanica, Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 9; Jacq. Ic. PI.
Rar. I. 11, t. 111 (not of Linn.). Leonwrus indicus, Burm. Fl. Ind. 127.
Herba admirationis, Rumph. Herb. Amboin. VI. t. 16, f. 1.

PENANG: Penara Bukit, Curtzs 1115! Srne@arore: in cultivated
ground, G. Thomson! Kunstler 48!— Distrrp. South-eastern Asia
generally ; Mascarenes (Madagascar, Mauritius, Réunion, Seychelles).

The calyx-mouth of this species has been described in works of much authority as
glabrous within ; it is pubescent within.

15. Leonurus, Linn.

Stout, erect, leafy herbs, with lobed leaves. Flowers small, in
densely congested, axillary distant whorls. Calyx turbinate, 5-nerved,
with 5 spreading spinescent teeth. Corolla-twbe naked or annulate
within ; lower lip 3-fid, with obcordate mid-lobe ; upper lip entire, erect.
Stamens 4, didynamous, ascending under upper lip, lower pair longer ;
anthers connivent ; the cells parallel, transverse. Disk uniform. Style
equaly 2-fid; the lobes obtuse or subulate. Nwtlets smooth, dry,
truncate at the apex.—Distris. Species 10; almost cosmopolitan.

LeEonvRUS siprricus, Linn. Sp. Pl. 584 (1753). A rather coarse
annual herb, with obtusely 4-angled, furrowed, usually softly pubescent
stems, 2 to 6 ft. high. Leaves opposite, herbaceous, palmatipartite,
with linear incised segments, dark-green and glabrous or nearly so

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. — 721

above, paler and more or less pubescent on the nerves beneath; 1:5 to
4 in. long, 1 to 3 in. wide; petiole 1 to 2 in. long. Flowers in
axillary whorls; the upper floral leaves usually entire; bracts ‘5 in.
long, spinescent. Calyx -25 in. (in fruit -35 in.) long, glabrous or
sparingly pubescent ; tube -2 in. long; teeth spinescent from a shortly
triangular base. Corolla -4 to ‘5 in. long, red; tube -25 in. long,
annulate within; lower lip 3-lobed, mid-lobe obcordate, the lateral
lobes rounded; upper lip obovate, galeate, entire, pubescent. Fila-
ments exserted. Nutlets:1 in. long, triquetrous, truncate. Wall. Cat.
2071; Benth. in DC. Prodr. XII. 501; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 978;
Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 678. JZ. tataricus, Burm. Fl. Ind. 127:
Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 8 (not of Linn.)

In some of the provinces, in waste places; an introduced weed of
waysides and waste places——Distrip. Originally Asiatic, now almost
cosmopolitan.

Though described by Bentham, and by Hooker, ll.cc., as not annulate, the
corolla-tube of this species is distinctly annulate within. The annulus is slightly
oblique, rather higher anteriorly, and is slightly imperfect, there being a small
hiatus behind where the style comes in contact with the corolla-tube.

16. ParapHtomis, Prain.

Herbs or shrubs. Leaves membranous. Flowers medium, yellow
or whitish, in dense axillary, many-flowered whorls; _bracteoles
numerous, filiform. Calyx 10-nerved, equally 5-toothed; tube slightly
ineurved. Corolla-tube annulate within; upper lip erect, pubescent
externally, quite glabrous within; lower lip spreading, 3-lobed.
Stamens 4, ascending under upper lip, lower pair longer ; all filaments
without basal appendages; anthers connivent; cells divaricate. Disk
uniform, entire. Style 2-fid, lobes subequal or the upper shorter than
lower. Nutlets obovoid, triquetrous below, rounded above, glabrous.—
Distrin. Species3; two Malayan, one extending from the Eastern
Himalaya to the Philippines.

PARAPHLOMIS RUGOSA, Prain in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale. IX. i.
60 (1901). A coarse shrubby plant, 2 to 3 ft. high. Stems stout or
slender, minutely hirsute with deflexed hairs. Leaves opposite,
membranous, dark-green above, paler beneath, glabrous or with
minute scattered hairs on the upper surface, elliptic or oblong-ovate,
acuminate ; base cuneate or truncate, entire; margin elsewhere shortly
toothed, 6 to 8 in. long, 3 to 4 in. wide; petiole slender, 2 to 4 in. long.
Flowers in small distant or rather approximate whorls, axillary and

722 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

also often many on the stem below the leaves, -75 to 1:25 in. across;
bracteoles filiform, glabrescent, rather shorter than the calyx, -3 in. long.
Calyx °4 in. (in fruit °5 in.) long, obconic-campanulate; tube slightly
curved forwards, glabrous upwards where thickly membranous, usually
hispid towards the coriaceous base; teeth 5, slender, lanceolate, from a
triangular membranous base, two-thirds the length of the tube, glabrous.
Corolla pale-yellow or white, 1 in. long, with a distinct annulus within;
both lips pubescent externally ; lower 3-lobed with oblong mid-lobe and
lanceolate lateral lobes; upper narrow, rounded at apex, half the length
of the tube, glabrous within. laments all devoid of basal appendages.
Style-arms subequal. Nutlets -25 in. long, obovoid, acute below and
triquetrous, rounded above, glabrous. Phlonws rugosa, Benth. in Wall.
Cat. 2067, in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. I. 63, in Lab. Gen. & Sp. 634, and in DC.
Prodr. XII. 545; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 693; Prain Ann. Roy. Bot.
Gard. Cale. IIT. 231; TX. i. 60. Gomphostemma membranifoium, Miq.
Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 988.

PERAK: Kinta, on limestone rocks, King’s Collector (Kunstler) 7095 !
Scortechum!—Distris. Eastern Himalaya; Indo-China; Malay Archi-
pelago; Philippines.

The specific name applied to this plant by Mr. Bentham is, as Sir Joseph
Hooker remarks, wholly inapplicable. Its characters are so different from those of

the genus Phlomis, and its habit so unlike that of any member of that genus, that
it is necessary to consider it the type of a distinct genus.

17. GoMPHOSTEMMA, Wall.

Coarse, stellately pubescent or tomentose perennial herbs or shrubs.
Roots sometimes tuberous. lowers large or medium, in 6- to 24-
flowered whorls, sessile and densely or peduncled and laxly cymose ;
bracteoles lanceolate or linear. Calyx campanulate, 10-nerved, subequally
5-toothed. Corolla-tube slender; throat inflated; limb 2-lipped; lower
lip spreading, broadly 3-lobed; upper lip galeate, entire or emarginate.
Stamens 4, pubescent, the lower longer, all ascending; anthers conni-
vent in pairs, 2-locular; cells transverse, parallel. Disk subequal or
gibbous behind. Style 2-fid; the lobes subulate, the anterior slightly
the longer. Nutlets drupaceous, glabrous or pubescent, the pericarp
usually fleshy and white, with a broad hilum; rarely all developed.—
Distris. Species 26, South-eastern Asiatic.

Corolla with almost straight tube and narrow throat; calyx-
tube hispidly hairy within; ovary glabrous; nutlets solitary,
glabrous (§ SrmNnosTroma) :—

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 723

Calyx-teeth triangular, much shorter than the tube; whorls
few-flowered, densely congested ; flowers yellow .. .. IL. G. microcalyx.
Calyx-teeth linear-subulate, longer than the tube; whorls

many-flowered, laxly cymose; flowers yellow 2. G. crinitum.
Corolla with distinctly incurved tube and wide- pant rimitette
throat ; nutlets 4 (§ HucompHosTemma) :—
Calyx-tube hirsute within, ribbed, green; ovary villous;
nutlets hispid at apex :—
Corolla yellow; style hirsute; calyx-teeth longer than
tube 26 ae .. 3. G. Scortechinit.
Corolla white; style eeaally pllsorene: calyx-teeth not
longer than tube a .. 4. G. oblongum.
Calyx-tube glabrous within, not ished redAichls corolla
white; nutlets quite glabrous, punctulate ne 2s oO G. Curtisin.

Sect. 1. Srenostoma, Prain. Corolla-tube straight, glabrous within,
longer than the calyx, the limb narrow, the lips small. Nuwiélets
usually solitary, smooth.

1. GoMPHOSTEMMA MICROCALYX, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LIX.
ii. 316 (1890). A coarse perennial herb, 3 to 5 ft. high. Stems stout,
erect, sulcate, woody, hoary-pubescent or scabrid. Leaves opposite,
herbaceous, dark-green above, hoary beneath, finely closely stellate-
pubescent on both surfaces, oblong-ovate, acute; base cuneate, entire
margin elsewhere entire or widely and minutely toothed ; 4:5 to 6 in.
long, 3 to 3:5 in. wide; petiole of lower leaves 1:5 to 2 in., of upper
leaves ‘5 in. long, scabrid. Flowers in dense, few-flowered whorls in
the axils of the lower leaves and on the bare stem below the leaves ;
bracts ovate-lanceolate, entire, -25 in. long, ‘12 in. wide. Calyx -3 in.
long; teeth short, triangular, less than half as long as the tube.
Corolla yellow, 1:25 in. long, slightly puberulous externally; the
throat very narrow. Style and ovary glabrous. Nutlets smooth,
glabrous. Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale. III. 251.

Perak: Larut, 1800 to 2000 ft. elev., King’s Collector (Kunstler) 2155!
Scortechim 842! Wray 835! Ulu Bubong, King’s Collector 10455!

Nearest to G. parviflorum, Wall., but with a much smaller calyx with diminutive
teeth and a much narrower corolla. G. parviflorum, though stated by Bentham,
Miquel, and Hooker to occur in Penang, has never been met with in our area.
The specimens on which the statement is based were collected by Wallich, who in
1828 issued them as the types (Lith. Cat. n. 2159-1) of his own species G. crinitum,
to which they most undoubtedly belong. A year later Wallich referred these same
specimens (as n. 2158-c) to his own G. parviflorum; this quite erroneous afterthought
has been accepted by the three authors referred to.

2. GOMPHOSTEMMA CRINITUM, Wall. Cat. 2159 (1828). <A coarse
perennial herb, 3 to 4 ft. high. Stems stout, erect, sulcate, woody,
22

724 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

hoary-pubescent or scabrid. Leaves opposite, herbaceous, dark-green,
pubescent above, hoary beneath with a close stellate tomentum, or
softly pubescent, elliptic-ovate or oblanceolate, acute; base cuneate,
entire ; margin elsewhere entire or serrate; 8 to 12 in. long, 2°5 to 5 in.
wide; petiole ‘5 to 1-5 in. long, scabrid. Flowers in rather lax, rarely
condensed, many-flowered axillary cymes: bracts lanceolate, ovatie-
lanceolate or linear, ‘5 to °75 in. long. Calyx -7 to -75 in. long; teeth
long, linear-subulate, considerably longer than the tube. Corolla yellow,
1-25 in. long, slightly puberulous externally; the throat narrow. Style
and ovary glabrous. Nutlets smooth, glabrous.

Var. typica. Bracts all lanceolate-acute or linear, almost as long
as the calyx; leaves closely tomentose beneath; petioles 1-5 in. long.
G. crinitum, Wall. Cat. (uti supra); Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. IT. 12,
in Lab. Gen. & Sp. 648, and in DC. Prodr. XII. 552; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.
II. 987; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 698 (partly); Prain Ann. Roy. Bot.
Gard. Cale. ITI. 254. G. parviflorwm, Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 648, and in
DC. Prodr. XII. 551; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IL. 987 (not of Wall).

Penance: Wallich 2159/1! Perak: Kampong Kota, Wray! Sungei
Ujong, Ridley 1870!—Disterse. Indo-China.

Var. Griffithii, Prain Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale. III. 254. Outer
bracts ovate-lanceolate obtuse, distinctly shorter than the calyx; leaves
softly pubescent beneath; petioles -d in. long.

Maxacca: Mount Ophir and Chabu, Griffith 4042! Perak: Gunong
Tjok, Scortechim 5! Ulu Kwangsa, Scortechins 928!

Sect 2. EucompyostemMa, Prain. Corolla-tube incuryed, glabrous
within, longer than the calyx, the limb campanulate, the lips
large. Nutlets usually 4, smooth or punctulate.

3. GOMPHOSTEMMA ScoRTECHINH, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LIX.
ii. 315 (1890). A coarse perennial herb, 3 to 5 ft. high. Stems stout,
erect, sulcate, woody, scabrid. Leaves opposite, herbaceous, dark-
green, sparsely hirsute above, closely tomentose on the nerves, other-
wise sparsely tomentose beneath, elliptic-oblong or obovate, acute;
base rather long-cuneate ; margin entire or serrate; 6 to 12 in. long,
3 to 6d in. wide; petiole usually short, sometimes obsolete, occasionally
as muchas lin. long. Flowers in many-flowered rather dense axillary
whorls; bracts subulate, -2 in. long, as long as the pedicels. Calyz
‘75 in. long, prominently ribbed, hirsute within; teeth lanceolate,
longer than the tube. Corolla yellow, 2°25 in. long, distinctly incurved,
tomentose externally; limb -35 in. wide. Style hirsute towards the
apex, with spreading hairs; ovary densely villous. Nutlets white,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 725

smooth, hispid towards the apex. Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale. III.
260.

Perak: Gunong Tujok, Scortechini!; Lartit, Kunstler 1959 !—
Distrrp. Indo-China.

Very closely related to G. oblongum, Wall., of which it appears to be the repre-

sentative in the Malayan Peninsula. It extends northwards to Tenasserim, and its
area thus to some extent overlaps that of G. oblongwm.

4, GOMPHOSTEMMA OBLONGUM, Wall. Cat. 2154 (1828). A coarse
perennial herb, 3 to 5 ft. high. Stems stout, erect, woody, somewhat
4-angled, densely tomentose. Leaves opposite, herbaceous, dark-green,
hispidly hairy above, densely pubescent beneath, elliptic-oblong, acute ;
base rather abruptly cuneate or subtruncate ; margin crenate or crenate-
serrate; 6 to 12 in. long, 2 to 3:5 in. wide; petiole -35 to 1 in. long,
densely tomentose. Flowers in rather dense few-flowered axillary
whorls ; bracts ovate-lanceolate, ‘25 in. long. Calyx ‘5 in. long, promi-
nently ribbed, hirsute within; teeth lanceolate, not longer than the
tube. Corolla white, 1°75 in. long, distinctly incurved, tomentose
externally except on the mid-lobe of the lower lip; limb -35 in. wide.
Style glabrous or, when young, sparingly hirsute; ovary villous.
Nutlets white, smooth, hispid at the apex. Benth. in Wall. Pl. As.
Rar. IT. 12, in Lab. Gen. & Sp. 648, and in DC. Prodr. XII. 551 (partly) ;
Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 986 (partly); Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 697 ;
Prain Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale. III. 261.

AnpDAMANS: Port Blair, not uncommon.—D1stris. Indo-China.

This species is very closely related to G. Scortechinii, from which it differs mainly
in its rather smaller white flowers and its less hirsute or quite glabrous style. It has
not yet been collected in any of the Malayan provinces, but having regard to the fact
that G. Scortechinii extends northwards to Tenasserim, where G. oblongum is common,
and thus invades the area in which G. oblongwm occurs, it is not impossible that this
species may yet be met with in the northern part of the Malayan Peninsula; it seems
therefore advisable to give it a place in these Materials.

5. GoMPHOSTEMMA CurTIsH, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LIX. ii.
315 (1890). A coarse perennial herb, 3 to 4 ft. high. Stems rather
weak, flexuous, ascending, scabrid. Leaves opposite, the pairs rather
‘remote, herbaceous, dark-green, hirsute above, adpressed-tomentose
beneath, oblong-ovate, acute; base very shortly cuneate; margin
denticulate; 3 to 5 in. long, 2 to 2°75 in. wide; petiole 1:25 to 4-5 in.
long, adpressed-tomentose. Flowers in many-flowered lax axillary
cymes; bracts narrow-ovate, long-acuminate, entire, reddish, -4 to ‘6 in.
long. Calyx ‘5 in. long, smooth, glabrous within, reddish ; teeth lan-
ceolate-subulate from a short wide base, longer than the tube. Corolla
white, 1 in. long, distinctly incurved, puberulous externally ; limb °3 in.

726 Flora of the Malayan Pemnswla.

wide. Style glabrous; ovary glabrous. Nutlets white, glabrous,
punctulate. Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale. III. 266.
Prenane: Curtzs 13810! Prax: Lartt, Scortechini 924! Wray 1233!

18. Cymartia, Benth.

Shrubs. Flowers small, in lax, many-flowered, peduncled, raceme-
like cymes, all axillary, or the upper ones forming a terminal thyrsoid
panicle. Calyx erect, 10-nerved, the intermediate nerves weaker than
the other 5, equally 5-toothed; the tube in fruit urceolate; the throat
within naked or with a few setose hairs. Corolla-tube straight, exserted ;
limb 2-lipped ; lower lip 3-lobed, spreading, the mid-lobe larger than the
lateral ; upper lip arched, erect. Stamens 4, ascending under the upper
lip, didynamous, the upper pair shorter; anthers connivent, the cells
divaricate. Disk equal, entire. Style-arms unequal, the upper very
short. Nutlets subglobose or obovoid, rugosely pitted; hilum very
large, lateral—Disrris. Species 3, in Indo-China and Malaya.

CyMaARIA DICcHOTOMA, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 2080 (1828). <A shrub,
2 to 3 ft. high. Stems and branches faintly 4-angled, finely pubescent.
Leaves opposite, membranous, dark-green and almost glabrous except
on the pubescent nerves above, paler, glandular, and closely grey-
pubescent beneath, ovate or rhomboid, acute or subacute, rarely acumi-
nate ; base cuneate, decurrent on the petiole, entire; margin elsewhere
distinctly to faintly crenate or sometimes subentire; 1:5 to 4 in. long,
1 to 2:25 in. wide; petiole :25 to -75, rarely 1 in. long, finely pubescent.
Flowers in once, or sometimes twice, dichotomously branching cymes
with terminal flowers and 6 to 12 secundly arranged flowers on each
branch ; the main peduncles ‘d to 1 in. long, finely pubescent; the
flower-bearing branches ‘6 to 1:5 in. long; bracts under branches
spathulate-acute to lanceolate, -1 to :2 in. long; bracteoles subulate,
‘05 in. long, finely pubescent. Calyx in flower campanulate, -08 in.
long, in fruit urceolate, -15 in. long, glandular and pubescent, especially
on the nerves externally, within sparingly beset with white setose hairs
above the constriction ; teeth 5, equal, triangular, as long as the portion
of tube above the constriction ; pedicels slender, finely pubescent, -05 in.
long. Corolla yellow, ‘16 in. long, uniformly finely pubescent exter-
nally ; tube distinctly exserted; lower lip spreading, 3-lobed, mid-lobe
wide-oblong ; upper lip erect, oblong; the apex notched. Jvlaments
ascending under upper lip, included. Nutlets obovoid, ‘03 in. long,
wide-reticulate on back, the upper third glandular; the apex beset with
very short white hairs. Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. I. 64, in Lab. Gen.
& Sp. 705, and in DC, Prodr. XII. 603; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 992; Hook.
f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 705; Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXVI. ii. 522.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 127

PeRAK: on limestone hills, Scortechini! Ipoh Quarries, Ridley
9734! Marble Hill, Ipoh, Fox (Ridley 10686) !—Distris. Burma.

The Perak specimens have rather more numerously flowered cymes than those
from Burma, but are in other respects indistinguishable.

Family XCIJ. PLANTAGINACEA.
[By D. PRAIN.]

Annual or perennial scapigerous herbs. Leaves usually radical; |
scapes axillary. Flowers small, greenish, bracteate, often dimorphic,
spicate. Sepals 4, imbricate in bud, persistent. Corolla scarious,
hypogynous; lobes 4, short, imbricate in bud. Stamens 4, inserted on
the corolla-tube or hypogynous; filaments filiform, persistent; anthers
large, pendulous, versatile. Ovary superior, 1- to 4-celled; ovules in
each cell 1 to 8. Capsule 1- to 4-celled, membranous: dehiscence
circumscissile. Seeds 1 or more, usually attached by the centre; testa
thin, mucilaginous; albumen fleshy; embryo cylindric, transverse ;
radicle inferior—Dristrip. Species under 100; cosmopolitan.

Puantaao, Linn.

Annual or perennial herbs with a dense rosette of radical leaves.
Flowers small, greenish, in dense spikes. Sepals 4, free, imbricate, per-
sisting. Corolla 4-lobed, scarious; lobes short, imbricate. Stamens
4, adnate to corolla-tube; filaments filiform; anthers 2-celled, versatile.
Ovary superior, 2- to 4-celled; ovules one or more in each cell. Fruit
a small membranous capsule; dehiscence circumscissile. Seeds peltate,
albuminous, mucilaginous.—DistRin. Species under 100, mainly in
temperate regions.

PranTaco MAsor, Linn. Sp. Pl. 112 (1753). A perennial herb with
an erect stout rhizome. Leaves alternate, spirally disposed, all radical,
sometimes sparsely pubescent, sometimes nearly glabrous on both
sides, ovate or ovate-oblong, obtuse or subacute; base long-cuneate,
tapering to and decurrent on the petiole; margin often irregularly and
somewhat abruptly toothed; 3- to 7-, usually 5-nerved; 1 to 5 in. long,
very variable in width; petiole often longer than the leaf-blade, broad
and sheathing at the base. lowers crowded or dispersed in slender
rather lax spikes 2 to 6 in. long; bracts -05 to -08 in. long, broadly
ovate-oblong, obtuse, with scarious margins. Calyx -12 in. long,
glabrous: sepals oblong, obtuse or subacute, bluntly keeled externally,

728 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

margins widely scarious. Corolla ‘18 in. long, glabrous ; lobes lanceo-
late-acute, reflexed. Capsules ovoid, :12 to ‘15 in. long, glabrous, de-
hiseing horizontally a little above the base, the upper portion separating
as a conical lid tipped by the remains of the style. Seeds 4 to 8,
angular, rugulose, dull, blackish, length ‘03 in. Dene. in DC. Prodr.
XIP..696;, Mig. Hl md: Bat. Il. 709; Hook. fp Rissiry iad ViiVeaOo.
P. asiatica, Linn. Sp. Pl. 163; Wall. Cat. 6412; Wall. in Roxb. FI.
Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. I. 423.

SInGAPORE: Hullett; Kurz. Penana: Walker. Matacca: Griffith.
—Distrris. Almost cosmopolitan. In our area doubtless an intro-

duced plant.

ERRATA.

P. 642, line 20, for “4. CaARDANTHERA, Voigt.,” read “4. CARDAN-
THERA, Ham. MS.” Line 7 from bottom, for ‘‘CARDANTHERA TRIFLORA,
Voigt,’) read ‘‘ CARDANTHERA TRIFLORA, Ham. MS. in Voigt.”

LONDON :

WEST, NEWMAN AND CO., PRINTERS,

HATTON GARDEN, E.C.

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OF THE
ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL

For the year 1909.

Ect rie President :
ae, Sir Thomas Holland, K.C.I.E., D.Sc., F.R.S., F.G.8.

pes Vice-Presidents :
a _ The Hon'ble Mr. Justice Asutosh Mokhopadhyaae. M.A., D at; | =:
por TRS.

G. Thibaut, Esq., Ph.D., C.LE.

Mahamahopadhyaya Haraprasad Shastri, M.A.
Lieut.-Colonel F. J. Drury, M.B., LMS.

7

Secretary and Treasurer :

General Secretary :—G. H. Tipper, ‘Esq., M.A,, F. Gs.
Treasurer :—D. Hooper, Esq., F.C.S.

: Additional Secretaries :

“ulological Secretary :—EH. D. Ross, Esq., Ph.D. :

- tural History Secretary :—I. H. Burkill, Esq:, M.A., F.L.S. —

_ mthropological Secretary:—N. Annandale, Esq., DSc.

CMZS.

Joint Philological Secretary: 2 Mahainahegadlieege Satis :
Chandra Vidyabhisana, M.A., Ph.D., M-R.AS.

Medical Secretary :—Major L. Rogers, MD., B.Se:, 1.M.S.

Numismatic Secretary :—H. N. Wright, Esq., 1.0.8,

Other Members of Council :

Harinath De, Esq., M.A.

J. A. Cunningham, Hsq., B.A.

H. G. Graves, Esq.

Babu Monmohan Chakravarti, M.A., at,

Abdulla al-Mamun Suhrawardy, Esq., M.A., LL.D.
Lieut.-Colonel F. P. Maynard, M.D., F.R.C.S., D.P.H., I.M. S.
The Hon. Mr. Justice H. Holinwobd. LC.S.

FEB SLAF

JOURNAL

OF THE

are liC SOCIETY OF BENGAL.

Vou. LXXIV., Part I].—Extra Number, 1908.

Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.By Str GEORGE
Kine, K.C.LE., LL.D., F.R.S., late Superintendent of the Royal
Botanic Garden, Calcutta, and J. Sykes Gamsuez, C.1.E., F.RB.S.,
late of the Indian Forest Department.

No. 21.

Tuts Part contains two Families, No. 86 Gesneracee and No. 90
Verbenacee, and completes the account of the Gamopetale. The
account of the Gesneracee was prepared by Mr. H. N. Ridley, F.R.S.,
Director of the Botanic Garden at Singapore, and was published in the
‘Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society for 1905.’
The material used by him was that of the Herbaria of Singapore and
Penang, together with that belonging to the Royal Botanic Garden of
Calcutta, and chiefly got together by collectors employed by Sir George
King, lent to Mr. Ridley for the purpose. The account in the ‘ Straits
Journal’ not being quite in the form used in the ‘ Materials,’ published
under the auspices of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, has been edited by
Mr. Gamble, with the kind help of Lt.-Col. Prain, of Kew, but he has
been careful to make no more formal alterations than could be helped ;
so that the work is one for which Mr. Ridley alone is responsible. Only
numbers personally verified or quoted by Mr. Ridley have been entered
under the different species. Mr. Ridley, who has sanctioned what has
been done, has himself furnished a few notes and additions, among
them being descriptions of 3 new species, one of them the representative
of a new genus. The number of species of Gesneracee herein described
is 131, belonging to 20 genera, 1 genus and 2 species being new, besides
1 Sumatran species newly described.

if

LIBRARY
NEW YORI!
BOTANICA!

GARDEN.

730 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

The Verbenacee have been done by Mr. Gamble. It comprises
15 genera and 72 species, of which 16 species are new to science. Two
Malay Islands species are also described. .

In accordance with the Rules adopted at the Vienna Conference,
Latin diagnoses are appended to the new genus and the 3 new species
of Gesneracee, those for Verbenace@ have been published in the Kew
Bulletin.

Family LXXXVI.—GESNERACEAH.

Herbs or shrubs, usually pubescent. Leaves opposite or apparently
alternate, one of each pair being much reduced, simple entire or lobed.
Inflorescence axillary, cymose or racemose or panicled; bracts small or
large. Calyx of 5 sepals, often connate. Corolla tubular or campanu-
late, more or less distinctly bilabiate, 5-lobed ; lobes oblong or rounded.
Stamens 4 or 2, rudimentary or absent, didynamous when four; fila-
ments linear or filiform, or short and thick; anthers linear or oblong,
or scutiform, connivent in pairs, 2-celled; cells splitting on the inner
face. Disk cylindric or annular or absent. Ovary cylindric or oblong ;
style slender, simple; stigma capitate, cordate or bilobed. Prwt a
capsule, linear, cylindric, fusiform or oblong, splitting dorsally. Seeds
very numerous, minute, plumed in epiphytic species, elliptic and not
plumed in terrestrial species ; or a fleshy berry (Cyrtandra).—DisrTR1B.
Species about 600, all tropical with a few in subtropical climates.

Seeds with one or more hairs from near hilum, and a single
hair from apex ; fruit dehiscent, a cylindric capsule :—
Stamens=4 perfect rc ac ae .. 1. ASscHYNANTHUS.
Stamens 2 perfect Be 56 56 .. 2, AGALMYLA.
Seeds without hairs :—
Fruit dehiscent, a capsule, follicle or pyxidium :—
Capsules or follicles cylindric or rarely (Lozxocarpus)
conic : —
Corolla funnel-shaped :—
Stamens 4 5 ts 30 .. 8. Dipissanpra.
Stamens 2 :—
Capsule linear.

Stigma entire, ovate or capitate 4. Dipymocarrus.
Stigma 2-fid .. oe 5. CHIRITA.
Capsule lanceolate or ovate 6. TETRAPHYLLUM.
Corolla shortly campanulate :—
Stamens 2 :-—
Fruit a conic follicle be We .. 7. Loxocarrus.
Fruit a cylindric capsule :—
Capsule straight xs ar .. 8. PAaRaBora.

Capsule twisted :—
Calyx 5-lobed ot ie -. 9. BOEs.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 731

Calyx 3-lobed .. 46 oc .. 10. PHyYLLOPoEA.
Stamens 4 ai oe 50 Hen ORICA,
Capsules or pyxidia ovoid or ellipsoid :—
Stamens 2 :—
Sepals free to the base :—
Stem very short; calyx-lobes linear .. .. 12. OrcHADOCARPA.
Stem elongate ; calyx-lobes ovate Lis .. 13. Lepapanruus.
Sepals connate half-way up in a campanulatecalyx .. 14. Ruyncociossum.
Stamens 4 :—
Fruit with dehiscence circumscissile a .. 15. Eprraema.
Fruit splitting irregularly :—
Herbs :—
Leaf solitary ; flowers minute AP .. 16. MonopHyLuana.
Leaves several alternate; flowers large .. 17. STAURANTHERA.
Shrubs leafy :—
Sepals free to the base ; flowers small .. 18. RuyncHoTEcHum.
Sepals connate in a tubular shortly lobed calyx ; :
flowers large .. ss ., 19. CyRTANDROMOEA.
Fruit indehiscent, baccate ; stamens 9 3 . 20. CyRTANDRA.

1. AiscHYNANTHUS, Jack.

Epiphytes or rock-plants, with slender creeping or erect half-woody
stems. Leaves opposite or whorled, fleshy or coriaceous, entire, ovate
or lanceolate. Flowers large, usually showy, red yellow or green, in
axillary or terminal heads, pedicelled. Bracts ovate or lanceolate,
small. Calyx tubular or campanulate, subentire or more or less lobed,
or sepals free to the base. Corolla tubular, curved, dilated above,
shortly 2-lipped; upper lip of 2 lobes erect; lower of 3 lobes deflexed.
Stamens 4 perfect, didynamous, usually exsert; anthers connivent in
pairs ; loculi oblong, parallel. Ovary superior, with a short cup-shaped
disk at the base; style as long as stamens or shorter ; stigma dilate or
peltate. Capsule long-cylindric; base usually empty and narrower (gyno-
phore), 2-valved loculicidally. Seeds innumerable, minute, oblong,
rugose, with one or more hyaline scabrid hairs from near the hilum,
and one from the apex.—Distris. Species about 64, in India,
Malaya and Hongkong ; chiefly Malayan.

Seeds with a plume of hairs at one end, a single hair at the
other (§ Ponyrricuium) ; sepals free or very nearly so :—
Leaves pink beneath 1. 4. Motleyi.
Leaves green, with transverse as bars henenth .. 2, Ai. marmorata.
Seeds with a single hair at each end (§ HapLorricuium) :—
Sepals free or very nearly so :—
Leaves in whorls of 4 or 5 oc ac oe
Leaves crowded towards the ends of the stems, opposite ;
sepals glabrous
Leaves opposite in pairs :—

3. Af. speciosa.

4. A. stenophylla.

732 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Corolla-tube 2-3 in. long :—

Sepals pubescent 5. A. longiflora.
Sepals glabrous .. oc 6. i. perakensis.
Corolla-tube under 1 in. long .. is .. 4. As. Hildebrandii.
Sepals distinctly connate below :—
Calyx tubular, its mouth distinctly 5-lobed :—
Stems erect or pendent, not rooting at the nodes :—
Calyx 1 in. long, lobes under °5 in. long .. 8. 4. rhododendron.
Calyx 1:25 in. long, lobes ‘5 in. long .. .. 9. A. longicalyx.
Stems creeping, rooting at the nodes :—
Leaves glabrous .. an 90 .. 10. 4. Lobbiana.
Leaves pubescent ae 50 .. ll. #. radicans.
Calyx cupular or campanulate, mouth entire or sub-
entire :—
Calyx green, cupular ae Sa .. 12. A. Wallichii.
Calyx red, widely obconic ie .. 13. 4. obconica.

1. Aiscuynantuus Morteyi, Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. V. i. 20
(1883). Epiphytic woody plant; branches erect or pendulous, about
12 to 18 in. long. Leaves opposite, fleshy ; lanceolate or ovate-lanceo-
late, acute; margins undulate or not; upper surface light green, lower
pink; 3 to 4 in. long, ‘5 to 1-5 in. broad; petiole -25 in. long. Flowers
solitary or few, axillary, pendulous; pedicels ‘25 in. long or less.
Calyx-tube short, :125 in. long; lobes :75 to 1 in. long, glabrous,
blackish-red. Corolla-tube 75 to 1-25 in. long, dilated upwards and at
the base, light green ; lobes rounded, sparingly hairy, the tips of the
petals dark purple-brown. Stamens brown; filaments glabrous. Ovary
oblong, with 5 glandular patches at base; style very short, cylindric ;
stigma capitate. Capsule cylindric, narrowed at the tip, 9 to 13 in.
long. Seed ‘06 in. long, oblong, blunt, pustular; plume -5 in. long.
Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 500, and in Journ. Str. Br. R. As.
Soc. No. 43, 12.

Perak: Larut Hills, Kurau and Batang Padang, Wray 245, 1475;
Scortechint; Goping, Kinta, King’s Collector 4463. Panane: Pulau
Manis, Pahang River, Ridley 2151. JoHore: Batu Pahat, Ridley.
SINGAPORE : Chanchu Kang, Ridley 6244.—Distris. Sumatra, Borneo,
Celebes, Ceram.

2. AUSCHYNANTHUS MARMORATA, T. Moore in Paxt. Fl. Gard. III. 56
(1852-53). An epiphyte, with erect woody stems about 12 in. high.
Leaves fleshy, lanceolate, acute, narrowed at the base; light green on
the upper surface with lighter variegations, dull green with transverse
purple bars on the lower; petiole ‘25 in. long. lowers solitary or few
together, axillary; pedicels slender, -25 in. long. Calyx-tube very
short (hardly any); lobes linear, pubescent, ‘35 to ‘4 in. long. Corolla-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 733

tube a little over 1 in. long, dilated upwards, curved; lobes rounded,
pubescent, green with brown barsin the mouth. Stamens 1°5 in. long ;
filaments hairy. Style hairy; stigma bilobed. Capsule 6 in. long,
rather thick. Seed oblong, pustular; plume “5 in. long. N. E. Brown
in Gard. Chron. XVIII. 787 (1882); Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. V. i.
38 : Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 500, and in Journ. Str. Br. R.
As. Soc. No. 43, 13. 4. zebrina, Van Houtte Cat. (1851).

Kepaw: at Gunong Raya, Langkawi Islands, Curtis 2142. Prenanc:
Government Hill, Curtis 1700; Ridley—Distrie. Burma (Mergui),
Siam.

3. AHscHYNANTHUS sPEcIOSA, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4320 (1847). A
shrubby plant, with erect rather stout stems about 1 ft. high. Leaves
fleshy, in whorls of 4 to 5, lanceolate, acute ; margins smooth or undu-
late ; 3 to 6 in. long, -75 to 1°75 in. broad; petiole -125 to -25 in. long.
Flowers large, showy, subterminal, clustered 10 or more together ;
bracts linear-lanceolate, hairy, ‘25 in. long; pedicels slender, -5 in. long.
Calyz-lobes linear, free to the base, pubescent, ‘Sin. long. Corolla-tube
3 in. long, narrow-cylindric at base, enlarged and curved above; lobes
rounded, all pubescent. Stamens-5 in. long, longer than the corolla-tube ;
filaments slender, slightly pubescent. Style stout, pubescent. Paxt.
Mag. XIV. 199; Fl. des Serres Ser. I. t. 267; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT.
718; Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. V.i. 33; Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc.
XXXII. 499, and in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, 14.

PERAK: Bruseh, near Bidor, W. G. Napier. Sevancor: Bukit
Hitam, Kelsall; Tomoh, Machado.—Distriw. Java, Sumatra (Forbes
2526), Borneo. :

4. AUSCHYNANTHUS STENOPHYLLA, Ridley, n.sp. Stem slender, 1 to
2 ft. long ; internodes ‘5 in. long. Leaves fleshy, glabrous, crowded
towards the top of the stems; linear lanceolate, subacute, slighly nar-
rowed at base; 2 in. long, ‘25 in. broad. Flowers solitary in the axils
of the leaves; pedicels very short, angular, glabrous, -25 in. long.
Calyz-lobes linear, acute, glabrous, -125 in. long. Corolla (only one
bud seen) small, pubescent. Capsule papery, linear, cylindric, 1 ft.
long. Disk annular. Seeds with a single long white hair -75 in. long.

PrERAK: at Goping Kinta, at 500 to 800 ft. elevation, found growing
on the hollow branch of a large tree, King’s Collector 4738.—DisrTR1p.
Sumatra ? (Forbes 2535).

(ZEscHYNANTHUS STENOPHYLLA, Ridley, n. sp. Caulis gracilis, 30 ad 60 cm. longus,
1 ad 1:5 em. intra nodos. Folia carnosa, glabra, versus apicem caulis congesta;
lineari-lanceolata, subacuta, ad basin attenuata; 5cm. longa, 6 mm. lata. Flores in

axillis foliorum solitarii; pedicelli brevissimi, angulares, glabri, 6 mm. longi. Calycis
lobi lineares, acuti, glabri, 3mm. longi. Corolla parva, pubescens. Capsula chartacea,

734 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

linearis, cylindrica, 30cm. longa; discus annularis. Semina pilo unico albo
2cm. longo munita.
PrninsuLA Manayana in Proy. Perak, cirea 1500 ad 2500 m. alt. ]

5. ASCHYNANTHUS LONGIFLORA, DC. Prodr. TX. 262 (1845). An
erect woody plant, with stem over 1 ft. high. Leaves opposite, in
distant pairs, fleshy ; ovate, acuminate, shortly narrowed at base; 5 in.
long by 2 in. wide; petiole ‘5 in. long. . Flowers several, terminal, in a
cluster ; pedicels hairy, ‘5 in. long. Calyx-lobes narrowly linear, °5 in.
long, puberulous, free nearly to the base. Corolla-tube scarlet, 3 in.
long, cylindric at base, dilated above, hairy; lobes short, rounded.
Stamens -75 in. longer than corolla-tube ; filaments slender, pubescent.
Style rather stout. Capsule cylindric, narrow, over 6 in. long. Hassk.
Cat. Hort. Bogor. ed. 2, 154 ; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4328; De Vriese PI.
Ind. Bat. Reinw. 9; FI. des Serres Ser. 1, t. 288; Paxt. Mag. XV. 25;
Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 717; Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. V. i. 32; Ridley
in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 499, and in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.
No. 48, 14. Lystonotus longiflora, Bl. Bijdr. 766.

‘PaHane: on trees along the Tahan River, Ridley 2167.—DistRip.
Java.

6. ASCHYNANTHUS PERAKENSIS, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII.
449 (1895). A shrubby epiphyte, with stems about 2 ft. long. Leaves
coriaceous ; lanceolate, acuminate; 3 to 7 in. long, 1 to 2 in. wide;
nerves inconspicuous. lowers ina terminal fascicle, on pedicels nearly
‘Od in. long; bracts subulate, -125 in. long. Calyz-lobes linear, 25 in.
long, glabrous, free to the base. Corolla-tube deep red, 2 to 2°5 in. long,
narrow at the base, dilated and curved upwards, nearly glabrous ; lobes
rounded. Stamens -75 in. longer than corolla-tube ; filaments glabrous
or sparingly pubescent. Capsule more than 1 ft. long. Seed
narrowly oblong, pustular, with a single hair at each end. Ridley in
Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, 15.

Perak: in Lartt Hills at 5500 ft., Radley; Curtis 11447; King’s
Collector 2337, 7022; at Sungei Ryah, King’s Collector 3641; at Thai-
ping, King’s Collector 8314.

7. AiscHYNANTHUS HILDEBRANDII, Hemsl. in Bot. Mag. t. 7365 (1894).
A shrubby epiphyte ; branches about 6 in. long, often rooting. Leaves
fleshy, in distant pairs, glabrous, sessile; ovate, acute, base rounded ;
margins ciliate and with distant glands ‘d in. long and broad. Flowers
few, terminal at the ends of the branches; pedicels 25 in. long. Calyx-
lobes free to the base, linear, acuminate, pubescent, ‘15 to °2 in. long.
Corolla-tube thick, curved, little dilated, 75 in. long, glabrous, orange in
colour; lobes short, red, rounded, pubescent. Stamens shortly exsert,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 735

hairy. Capsule 6 in. long; base narrowed, sterile. Ridley in Journ.
Linn. Soc. XXXII. 502, and Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43) 1D,

Pprak: Lartit Hills, at 4500 ft., Ridley ; at Gunong Ijuk, Scortechini
1187. Panana: Kluang Terbang and Gunong Benom, Barnes.—
Distris. Burma.

8. AlscHyNANTHUS RHODODENDRON, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soe.
XXXIT. 500 (1895). An erect epiphytic shrub, 1 to 2 ft. high; stems
stout, woody. Leaves opposite, in distant pairs, fleshy-coriaceous ;
ovate, acuminate ; 2 in. long, 1°5 in. wide; nerves inconspicuous; keel
prominent. lowers several together, axillary and terminal ; pedicels
about ‘5 in. long. Calyx tubular, deep purple, 1 in. long; lobes short,’
acute, glabrous. Corolla 3 in. long ; tube thick, dilated above, glabrous ;
lobes oblong, rounded, ‘5 in. long, pubescent, deep red with 3 black
streaks on the lower lobes. Stamens very shortly exsert, little longer
than the corolla, pubescent. Capsule cylindric, rather stout, 4 in. long ;
base narrowed into a gynophore. Seeds with a single hair at each end,
brown, scabrid. Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, 15.

Perak: Lartt Hillsat 2500 to 6000 ft. elevation, Rzdley ; Curtis 1311 ;
Scortechint 58, 388; Plus River, Scortechini 468; King’s Collector 2332.

9. AiscHYNANTHUS LONGICALYX, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.
No. 43, 16 (1905). Stems woody, over 1 ft. long. Leaves thick, fleshy,
glabrous ; ovate, acuminate ; 2 to 3 in. long, 1 to 1:5 in. broad; midrib
prominent; nerves obscure. Flowers large, terminal; pedicels ‘5 in. long,
Calyx elongate, tubular, glabrous, red, 1:25 in. long, with 5 long thin
lanceolate acute lobes ‘5 in. long. Corolla red with dark blotches in
the mouth, 3 in. long, glabrous without; mouth pubescent; lobes
rounded. Stamens nearly as long as corolla, pubescent. Style stout,
pubescent ; stigma capitate.

Perak: Scortechim 36; at Gunong Batu Putih, Wray 1636.
SELANGOR: Semangko Pass, A. M. Burn-Murdoch.

10. AiscHynantHUS Loppiana, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4260 (1846). A
climbing epiphyte, with slender stems rooting along tree-trunks.
Leaves in pairs, coriaceous, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, glabrous ; 1:5
to 2 in. long, :25 to °75 in. broad; petioles short. Flowers in axillary
and terminal fascicles 3 to 5 together; pedicels slender, 75 in. long or
less. Calyx tubular, 1 in. long, dark purple, thickly pubescent ; lobes
very short. Corolla-tube 2 in. long, thick, curved; lobes deep red,
thickly pubescent, broad, rounded. Stamens barely exserted. Capsule
13 in. long, cylindric ona gynophore. Seed very small, oblong, pustular,
with a hyaline mass at the hilum, and a single long white hair at each
end. Fl. des Serres Ser. 1, t. 246; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I]. 721; Clarke in

736 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula. "3

Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 343, and in DC. Monog. Phan. V. i. 44; Ridley
in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 48, 16.

Kepau : at Gunong Jerai, Rzdley 5513 ; at Gunong Raya, Langkawi,
Curtis 2503. PENANG: on Government Hill, Curtvs. Perak: in Larut
Hills to 5000 ft. alt., Curtis; Wray 873; Scortechint 36, 39, 330, 352.
Panane: at Pekan, Ardley; at Kuautan, Durnford. SELANGOR: on
Pahang track, Ridley. Mauacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1218, 1219; Mount
Ophir and Ayer Panas, Ridley 1572. JoHorE: at Batu Pahat, Ridley ;
at Gunong Pulai, G. King; at Jambu Larang, Melding. SINGAPORE :
at Sungei Tengeh, Audley 2710, at Kranji, Ridley 2706.—DistTRIB.
Java, Sumatra, Borneo.

King’s Collector No. 2636, from Larat, Perak, is a specimen with very fleshy
leaves, but cannot yet be separated from 4”. Lobbiana, as there are in the series
intermediates between it and the thin-leaved forms. It seems to occur only at high
elevations.

11. AiscHYNANTHUS RADICANS, Jack in Trans. Linn. Soc. XIV. 43
(1823). An epiphytic plant growing on trees or rocks, the hairy stems
creeping and rooting at the nodes, several feet long. Leaves hairy,
shortly petioled; ovate, obtuse, broad at base; ‘5 to 1:25 in. long, -d to
‘WO in. wide. Flowers axillary, 1 to 2 together; pedicels -d in. long.
Calyx tubular, hairy, deep red; lobes obtuse or subacute, °75 in. long.
Corolla red, thick, curved, hairy; lobes subacute, glabrescent within.
Stamens hardly exsert; filaments glabrous. Capsule cylindric, pubes-
cent, acuminate, slender, 10 in. long. Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. IV. 62;
Spreng. Syst. II. 838; R. Br. in Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. 115, and in Ann.
Sc. Nat. 2, Vol. XIII. 160; DC. Prodr. IX. 202; De Vriese Pl. Ind.
Bat. Reinw. 10; Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. Il. 720; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind.
IV. 343, and in DC. Monog. Phan. V. i. 41; Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soe.
XXXIT. 501, and in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43,17. Tricho-
sporum radicans, Nees in Flora (1825), 144 ; Blume Bijdr. 764.

Perak: Bujong Malacca, Ridley; Sungei Rayah, Scortechina 37.
TrincGanu: Bundi, Hostado. Matacca: Griffith (K.D.); Cuming
2387; Sungei Rambai, Derry 205; Sungei Ujong, Cantley.—DIstTRIB.
Sumatra, Java, Borneo.

Var. lanuginosa, Ridley. Calyx green, densely white woolly, as is
the outside of the corolla-tube.

PERAK: Scortechim 330.

12. AlscHynantHus Wauwicuu, R. Br. in Benn. Pl. Jay. Rar. 116
(1840). Stems rather slender, woody, glabrous. Leaves glabrous ;
lanceolate or elliptic, acuminate, narrowed at the base into the petiole ;
3 in. long, 1 to 1:25 in. wide; petiole ‘25 in. long. Flowers few together,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 737

subterminal ; pedicel -25 in. long, slender. Calyx small, cupshaped,
green, ‘25 in. long, hairy, almost entire. Corolla dark red, :75 in. long ;
tube stout; lobes rather large, rounded, hairy. Stamens included ;
filaments glabrous. Capsule 8 in. long, narrow, terete. Ann. Sc. Nat.
Peet 160 Clarke in Hook, i HIE Br. Ind. TV. 343, and in DC,
Monog. Phan. V. i. 48; Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 502, and
in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 48,18. 4. radicans, Wall. Cat. 7984
(non Jack).

PERAK: Bujong Malacca, Curtis; Tapa, Wray 1417. Matacca:
Mount Ophir, Lobb, Maingay (K.D.) 1219. JoHorE: Tanjong Kopang,
Fiidley; Ulu Batu Pahat, Kelsall. Stnearore: Wallich 7984; Bukit
Mandal, Chanchu Kang, Kranji, Aedley.—Distris. Sumatra, Borneo.

13. AdscHyNANTHUS oBCoNICcA, Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. V. i.
50 (1883). Stems about a foot long or more, woody, glabrous. Leaves
in pairs, coriaceous, glabrous; elliptic oblong or ovate, acuminate,
narrowed at base into the petiole ; 1-5 to 3 in. long, °75 to 1:25 in. broad ;
petiole -25 in. long. Flowers subterminal, a few in a cluster; pedicels
‘25 in. long, hairy. Calyx deep red, obconic, wide, hairy, :25 in. long;
mouth entire. Corolla ‘5 in. long; tube thick and short ; lobes rounded,
hairy, deep red with yellowish-white central bars. Stamens very shortly
exsert; filaments nearly glabrous. Capsule 8 in. long, cylindric.
Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 343; Bot. Mag. t. 7336; Ridley in
Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 501, and in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No.
43, 18.

Perak: Batu Kuran and Bujong Malacca, Curtis 2990, 3335; Lartt
Hills, Ridley 2905; Blanja and Relan Tujor, Wray 149, 1772; Scortechina
28, 1861; Lartt Peak at 2000 to 3000 ft., Keng’s Collector 2012, 2849,
10179. Dinpinas: Pangkore, Curtis 1338. Smuancor: Klang, Beccari.—
Distris. Borneo (Motley 687 fide Hook. f.).

The following Sumatran species is herein described.

AiscHyNANTHUS Forsersit, Ridley, nov. sp. An epiphytic shrub; stems creeping;
branches slender, about a foot long. Leaves opposite, fleshy ; ovate-lanceolate, acute ;
2 to 2°5in. long, -5 in. broad; midrib elevated, other nerves inconspicuous; petiole
‘2in.long. Flowers subsolitary, axillary ; pedicels -2 in. long. Calyx-lobes free to the
base, extremely short, linear or acuminate, tips setiform, -2 in. long. Corolla-tube
nearly -75 in. long, slightly curved and dilated upwards, pubescent, scarlet. Style hairy.

Sumatra: Mount Dempo, 5700 ft., Forbes 2268. Rather remarkable for its very
small calyx lobes.

[@iscnynantuus Forsesit, Ridley, nov. sp. Frutex epiphyticus; caules reptantes,
ramis 30 cm. longis gracilibus. Yolia opposita, carnosa, ovato-lanceolata, acuta ; 5-6
em. longa, 10-15 mm. lata; preter costam elevatam nervis inconspicuis ; petioli5 mm.
longi. Flores subsolitarii axillares ; pedicelli 5 mm. longi. Calycis lobi ad basin liberi,
brevissimi, lineares vel acuminati, 5mm. longi, apicibus setiformibus. Corolié tubus

738 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

ad 2em. longus, paullo curvatus et sursum dilatatus, pubescens, coccineus. Stylus

pubescens.
Sumarra : ad Montem Dempo 1700-1800 m. alt. calycis lobis minimis distincta.]

2. AGgatmynA, Blume.

Climbing epiphytic shrubs, with loose bark. Leaves alternate, long
petioled, herbaceous, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate. Flowers showy,
scarlet, in compact axillary cymes. Calyx deeply 5-cleft; lobes narrow,
acute. Corolla tubular, ventricose above, 2-lipped; lobes 5, ovate,
obtuse. Stamens 2 perfect, long exsert; filaments slender; anthers
connivent, imperfect ; staminodes 2 to 3. Disk annular, thick. Ovary
superior, linear, glabrous; style as long as or longer than the stamens ;
stigma 2-lipped. Capsule linear, long, 2-valved loculicidally. Seeds
small, oblong, with a single hair at each end.—Distrip. Species 3,
in the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago.

1. AGALMYLA STAMINEA, Blume Bijdr. 767 (1826). Stems very long,
twining, hairy, at length glabrous. Leaves light green; elliptic-oblong,
acuminate at both ends; lower surface strigose; 8 to 12 in. long, 3 to
4 in. broad; main nerves 8 to 10 pair; petiole 6 to 8 in. long, hairy.
Cymes subsessile; bracts lanceolate; pedicels strigose. Calyx ‘5 in.
long ; lobes lanceolate, acute, pubescent, free nearly to base. Corolla
1 in. long, curved, dilated, scarlet, pubescent; lobes short, rounded.
Stamens exsert for 1 in., glabrous; anthers oblong. Style stout, often
very short, glabrous. Capsule 14 in. long, slender. R. Br. in Benn. PI.
Jav. Rar. 116, and in Ann. Se. Nat. 2, XIII. 161; DC. Prodr. IX. 263;
Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 733; De Vriese Pl. Ind. Bat. Reinw. 10; Hook. Bot.
Mag. t. 5747; Fl. des Serres Ser. 1, t. 858; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 722;
Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. V. i. 56; Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soe.
XXXIP. 502; and in Journ: (Ste (Bra) Rays. socme Noma:
Justicia parasitica, Lam. Ill. I. 42 (non Vahl). Cyrtandra staminea,
Vahl Enum. I. 105.

Perak: Lartt Hills, Curtis 2042, and Ridley 2916; Maxwell’s Hill,
3000 ft., Fox and Scortechim 295; Wray 2800; at 1000 to 3500 ft.
King’s Collector 2053, 2349, 2396, 6970.—DistRiz. Java, Sumatra
(Forbes 1864, 1948). ‘

3. DrpissaAnpRA, Clarke.

Shrublets or herbs, with short or tall stems, hairy. Leaves opposite,
in remote pairs or crowded at the tip. Flowers solitary on subterminal
peduncles or several on short axillary peduncles; bracts small, usually
arrow. Cnalyx-lobes 5, free to the base or nearly so, lanceolate or ovate.
Corolla blue, white, pink or yellow, narrowly tubular, dilated upwards,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 739

occasionally broadly tubular, infundibuliform ; limb bilobed, usually un-
equally; lobes rounded. Stamens 4 perfect, in two pairs; filaments
long, slender ; anthers ovate or elliptic adhering by their faces; cells
parallel, connective sometimes prolonged into a horn. Disk annular,
small. Ovary cylindric, sessile; style as long or longer; stigma broad,
ovate. Capsule cylindric, linear elongate, rarely short and_ thick,
sessile, splitting along the upper edge, not twisted.—Distrin. Species
about 20, in India, in the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra.

Stems tall; nodes distant; flowers several together in axillary
clusters ; leaves hairy above :—

Leai-margins entire if is Ae oe Lee jononvea-

Leaf-margins minutely crenulate 36 . 2. D. fritescens:
Stems short; leaves crowded at apex; flowers 1, rarely 2 or
more, on subterminal peduncles :— : ra

Leaves hairy above, their margins serrate or dentate :—

Capsule slender, cylindric :— 36
Sepals lanceolate acuminate, °25 in. long :—

Leaves simply serrate 3. D. hirta.
Leaves doubly serrate 4. D. serratifolia.
Sepals oblong-ovate, °125 in. long 5. D. atrocyanea.
Capsule short, thick, fusiform .. 6. D. latisepala.
Leaves glabrous above :— : : ts
Leaf-margins entire, sinuate or obueurels cionnlsto: -
Flowers orange = st sh .. 7. D. flammea.
Flowers violet-purple :— :
Corolla-tube slender, infanditynlviorns . 8. D. violacea.
Corolla-tube wide, cylindric 10 .. 9. D. atropurpurea.

Leaf-margins serrate, or dentate, or lobed :-—

Sepals glabrous :—
Leaves simply dentate; corolla white with violet
markings, pubescent >: .. 10. D. Wrayi.
Leaves runcinate; corolla lemon- yellow: glabrous 11. D. quercifolia.

Sepals more or less pubescent :—
Leaves coarsely serrate; sepals linear lanceolate .. 12. D. glabrescens.
Leaves deeply lobed; sepals elliptic a ec UB} 1D sda

1. DipissaNnpDRA JoHoRIcA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No.
43, 22 (1905). Shrubby, 2 to 3 ft. high; stems pustular below, hairy
above. Leaves alternate below, opposite above; lanceolate, acuminate,
long-cuneate at base; margins entire; upper surface sprinkled with
short conic hairs, lower shortly scabrid-hairy; 6 in. long, 1:25 in.
broad; main nerves 6 to 7 pairs, ascending. Cymes axillary; peduncles
slender, hairy, 1 in. long; bracts short, linear lanceolate ; flowers 3 to 4
to each peduncle. Calyx-lobes small, linear lanceolate, acute, hairy.

740 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Corolla pink. Capsule slender, cylindric, hispid, 1:5 in. long. D. sp.,
Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXIT. 502.

JOHORE: at Gunong Panti, Ridley 4175.

2. DIDISSANDRA FRUTESCENS, Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. V. i. 67,
t. VII (1883). A shrub with woody stems, 3 to 4 ft. high; stems
appressed hairy. Leaves opposite, in alternate pairs, distant ; elliptic-
lanceolate to oblanceolate, subacute at apex, cuneately narrowed at base ;
margins minutely crenulate; upper surface sprinkled with fine hairs,
lower with appressed tawny silky hairs, especially on the nerves and
reticulations ; 7 to 9 in. long, 3 to 4 in. broad; main nerves about 12 to
20 pair; petiole 1-5 to 3 in. long, hairy. Cymes axillary, sessile, with
short hairy branches 1 in. long ; flowers 1 to 3 to each branch. Calyx-
lobes red, hairy, narrow, lanceolate. Corolla white, 1:5 in. long; tube
funnel-shaped, pubescent; lobes rounded. Anthers ovoid; filaments
curved in the middle. Ovary glabrous ; style pilose; stigma sub-bilobed.
Capsule slender, cylindric, 3 in. long, glabrous, longitudinally ribbed.
Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 355; Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soe.
KXXIDT °502; and im- Journ. Str. Bro We AgwiSoch Nout a neele
Didymocarpus frutescens, Jack in Malay Mise. 1, part 2,5, in Trans.
Linn. Soc. XIV. 39, and in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. IV. 58 (1844) ; Wall.
Cat. 780; R. Br. in Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. 119, and in Ann. Se. Nat. 2,
XIII. 165 ; DC. Prodr. TX. 265 ; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 726. Henckelra
frutescens, Spreng. Syst., cwr@ post. 13. .

Prenane: Wallich780; Curtis 828; Deschamps. PERAK: at Tapa, Wray
826, at Waterfall Hill, Wray 1723 ; Ridley 2912; Scortechint ; near Kinta
River, King’s Collector 837. Dinpines: at Lumut, Ridley 7171. Ma-
LACccA : Griffith (K.D.) 3856 ; Maingay (K.D.) 1222.—Distris. Sumatyra.

3. DIDISSANDRA HIRTA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43,
28 (1905). Stem woody, 3 in. long. Leaves oblanceolate, oblique,
acuminate at apex, narrowed to the base; margins serrate; upper sur-
face sprinkled with pale multicellular hairs, especially long on the
marginal teeth; lower glabrous except on the midrib and nerves, which
are covered with rather long multicellular hairs. Scape 3 to 4 in. long,
hairy with catenulate multicellular hairs. Calyx-lobes :25 in. long,
lanceolate, acuminate, very hairy. Corolla violet with a darker centvre ;
tube 1 in. long, broad-cylindric, sprinkled with multicellular hairs ; lobes
large, rounded, ‘din. long,glabrous. Stamens 2 pairs, unequal. Stigma
capitate.

PERAK : at Bujong Malacca, Fidley.

4. DipIssANDRA SERRATIFOLIA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.
No. 43, 25 (1905.) Stem woody, 4 to 5 in. high, covered in the upper
part with red hairs. Leaves opposite, oblanceolate, acuminate at apex,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 741

long-cuneate at base ; margins doubly serrate ; upper surface sprinkled
with pale multicellular hairs, lower glabrous except for the red multi-
cellular hairs on the nerves and midrib; 6 to 10 in. long, 1°75 to 2°25
in. broad; main nerves 16 to 20 pairs; petiole 1 in. long or less, hairy.
Flowers solitary on a slender hairy 4 in. long peduncle. Calyz-lobes
lanceolate, acuminate, ‘25 in. long, recurved, at length covered densely
with red multicellular hairs. Corolla blue, 1-5 in. long; tube narrowed
at the base, dilated upwards, broad, sparingly hairy ; lobes rounded,
the lower ones longer than the upper. Stamens in 2 subequal pairs,
half as long as the corolla-tube; filaments attached close to the base,
sinuate. Style stout; stigma capitate. Capsule 1:5 in. long, subcylin-
driec, thick, :125 in. broad, glabrous.

Perak: at Bujong Malacca, Ridley 9779.

5. DIDISSANDRA ATROCYANEA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc.
No. 43, 26 (1905). Stem woody, about 6 in. high. Leaves crowded at
the top of the stem, oblong or lanceolate-oblong, inzequilateral at the
base; margins strongly serrate ; black when dry; upper surface sprinkled
with conical processes formed by the pushing in of the leaf from the
under surface, each process bearing a short pale hair; lower surface
punctate and marked with the mouths of the intrusions, glabrous
except for the nerves and reticulations, which are covered with rufous
hairs; 4 to 5 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad; petiole winged to the base,
covered with multicellular hairs. Flowers solitary on 3 in. long
peduncles covered with red hairs. Calyx-lobes oblong ovate, glabres-
cent or with red hairs, :125 in. long. Corolla deep purple with almost
black mouth, nearly 2 in. long ; tube shortly narrowed at base, broadly
cylindric above, pubescent; lobes short, rounded, the lower lip the
longer. Stamens 4; filaments slender. Capsule glabrous, cylindric,
curved, 1 to 2 in. long.

PeErRAK: at Bujong Malacca, Ridley, Curtis 3298; Scortechinr 368,
1896 ; at Gunong Batu Putih, Wray 310.

6. DIDISSANDRA LATISEPALA, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII.
503 (1895). Stem short, woody. Leaves crowded at the top of the
stem, oblong-oblanceolate, unequal at base; margins crenate-dentate ;
surfaces sparingly hispid, red; midrib and nerves beneath covered with
red hairs ; 7 in. long, 2in. broad; petiole 1 in. long. Flowers few on a
6 in. long hispid peduncle. Calyx-lobes ovate, :125 in. long, glabrous.
Corolla purple (?), 1 in. long, glabrous ; tube cylindric, dilated upwards ;
lobes short, rounded. Stamens 4; filaments linear ; anthers subglobose.
Ovary glabrous ; stigma clubbed. Capsule short, ‘5 in. long, thick, fusi-
form. Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 48, 26.

Leeex: Machado.

742 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

7. DIDISSANDRA FLAMMEA, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc.. XXXII. 503
(1895). Stem about 2 in. long, hardly woody, pubescent.. Leaves
oblong, obtuse, glabrous; upper surface shining; margins and nerves
beneath hairy; 4 in. long, 1:25 in. wide; petiole short, pubescent.
Flowers few, pendulous on an erect stout, purple, pubescent peduncle 3
in. long. Calyx-lobes narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, green with purple
hairs, ‘din. long. Corolla orange red with darker red lobes; tube nar-
row at base, abruptly dilated, cylindric, hairy outside; lobes short,
rounded, the lower ones a little longer. Stamens in 2 pairs ; filaments
slender, terete, hispid above, white; anthers globose. Ovary white,
pubescent, straight; stigma clavate. Disk annular. Capsule short,
cylindric, purple, 15 in. long. Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.
No. 48, 22.

LrGeH: gold mines north of Tringganu, Machado.

8. DipIssANDRA VIOLACEA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.
No. 438, 23 (1905), Stem woody, about 6 in. high. Leaves tufted at
the top of the stem, thin, oblanceolate, subfalcate, narrowed at the base
into the petiole, acuminate at apex; margins sinuate; upper surface
glabrous ; midrib and petiole covered with red multicellular hairs; 4 to
7 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad. Flower-peduncles numerous, erect, 2 to
3 in. long, sparingly red-hairy, 1-flowered; bracts linear-lanceolate,
narrow, ‘25 to ‘5 in. long, closely appressed to the calyx. Calyx-lobes
linear-lanceolate, glabrous, ‘25 to ‘5 in. long. Corolla violet, 1 to 1-5 in.
long; tube rather narrow, gradually dilated upwards, sparingly pubes-
cent; lobes unequal, the lower lip the longer. Stamens in 2 pairs,
the longer pair scarcely one-fourth longer than the shorter. Ovary
glabrous, rather short; stigma broad. Capsule 1:5 in. long, moderately
thick, splitting along the upper edge.

Perak: summit of Gunong Batu Patih, at 6700 ft, Wray 383;
Scortechint 389.

This species comes near to D. Wrayi, but has smaller flowers.

9. DrpDISSANDRA ATROPURPUREA, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII.
504 (1895). Stem woody, 2 in. long. Leaves lanceolate or obovate,
narrowed. at the base, the bases unequal; margin obscurely crenate ;
upper surface glabrous, lower hairy on the raised nerves; 4 in. long,
1:5 in. broad; petiole 1 to 1:5 in. long. Flowers nearly sessile, in pairs
on erect, glabrous, purple peduncles 3 to 5 in. long; bracts 2, ovate,
‘25 to ‘5 in. long, :125 in. wide, purple. Calyxz-lobes nearly free to the
base, lanceolate, acute, °25 to °35 in. long, glabrous. Corolla deep
purple, 2 in. long, ‘5 in. broad, narrowed at the base, widely dilated

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 743

above; lobes short, rounded, the lower ones the longer. Stamens in
2 pairs; filaments straight; anthers oblong, appressed. Style thick,
glabrous; stigma clavate. Capsule thick, 2 in. long, narrowed at the
tip. Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, 23.

Perak: on rocks at Hermitage Hill, Ridley; at Gunong Inas,
Scortechini 1327.

Wray 3903, from Gunong Bubu, 5000 ft., ‘‘ flowers mauve, five white stripes in
tube,’’ may be this or a new species near it, but the flowers are solitary on the
peduncles.

10. DipissanprA Wray, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 48,
24 (1905). Stem woody, bare below. Leaves alternate, lanceolate,
oblique, acuminate at apex, narrowed at the base into the petiole;
dentate on the margin; glabrous on the upper, whitish on the lower
surface; 4 to 6 in. long, 1:5 to 2 in. broad; main nerves 16 pairs,
raised on both surfaces ; midrib and nerves beneath covered with coarse
reddish trichomes; petiole ‘5 in. long, covered with rough multi-
cellular trichomes. Flowers solitary, on 3 to 4 in. long slender peduncles
from the upper axils, their bases covered with red multicellular hairs ;
bracts 2, ovate, broad, glabrous, appressed to the calyx, -25 in. long.
Calyz-lobes broadly lanceolate, obtuse, glabrous, ‘5 in. long, white.
Corolla white pencilled with violet, 1:25 to 1-5 in. long; tube thick, over
‘25 in. through; lobes broad, rounded. Stamens 4, didynamous ; anthers
-rounded. Style short. Capsule slender, 1:5 to 2 in. long, glabrous.

PERAK: summit of Gunong Batu Putih, 6700 ft., Wray 334, 353;
King’s Collector 8036.

11. DipissANDRA QUERCIFOLIA, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XX XITI.
504 (1895). Stem woody, hairy, 6 in. long or less. Leaves crowded
above, lanceolate-runcinate ; base narrowed ; upper surface deep green,
glabrous; lower glaucous with the midrib and nerves covered with
brown hairs; 2 to 8 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad ; petiole 1 in. long or less,
hairy. Flowers large, 1 to 2 on 6 in. long sparsely hairy peduncles ;
bracts lanceolate, broad, hispid. Calyz-lobes broadly lanceolate, obtuse,
green, glabrous. Corolla lemon-yellow, glabrous, 2 in. long; tube
dilated, cylindric from a narrow base; lobes short, rounded. Ovary
cylindric; stigma clavate. Capsule 3 in. long, glabrous, cylindric.
Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, 26.

Perak: Bukit Rengas, Fox 10683; Maxwell’s Hill, 3000 ft.,
Scortechint 292, 300; Curtis 2041; Ridley 2910.

King’s Collector 2171, from Larut Hills, 3000 to 3500 ft., seems to be this, but
is much larger, the stem whitish corky, nearly 12 in. long, the peduncles up to
4-flowered.

744 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

12. DipDISSANDRA GLABRESCENS, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As.
Soc. No. 43, 24 (1905). Stem woody. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate or
oblanceolate; margins coarsely serrate; upper surface glabrous, lower
dotted, glabrous except on the red hairy midrib and nerves ; 4 to 7 in.
long, 1 to 2:5 in. broad; petiole 1 in. long, hairy. Flowers solitary on
4 to 5 in. long hairy peduncles; bracts 1 to 2, lanceolate, oblong,
125 to :25 in. long. Calyx-iobes linear-lanceolate, obtuse, hairy, :25 to
‘S in. long. Corolla mauve (Wray), deep blue (King’s Collector),
1:5 in. long; tube gradually dilated upwards; lobes rounded, pubes-
cent. Anthers subglobose. Stigma capitate, broad. Capsule 1:5 to
2:5 in. long, cylindric, slender.

PerRAK: summit of Gunong Batu Putih, 6700 ft., Wray 384; do.,
2000 to 3000 ft., Kyng’s Collector 8055; Kinta at 3000 to 3500 ft.,
King’s Collector 7191.

13. Dipissanpra FiuicinA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc.
No. 43, 27 (1905). Stem woody, pale, rather slender. Leaves lanceo-
late, deeply lobed with oblong rounded lobes about 13 on each side;
glabrous above, paler beneath, with red appressed hairs on the midrib ;
3 to 5 in. long, 1 to 1°65 in. broad; petiole -5 in. long with red appressed
hairs. Flower 1 on a slender, red, hairy peduncle 1:5 in. long; bracts
very small, ovate, about -1 in. long; pedicel -25 in. long. Calyx-lobes
elliptic, rounded, dark red, sparingly hairy, -1 to -2in. long. Corolla
1-5 in. long; tube with narrow base, dilated upwards, trumpet-shaped,
sparingly pubescent at the base, purple, paler below outside, inside
dark purple, with 6 white lines down the base; lower lip longer than
the upper; lobes rounded. Stamens 4, in 2 pairs, the connective pro-
longed in a triangular horizontal horn. Disk annular. Capsule sub-
follicular, 1-5 in. long, glabrous.

PERAK: at Gunong Chabang, on rocks overhanging a creek,
Scortechim 14.

4. Dipymocarpus, Wall.

Herbs or usually small shrubs; stems simple or branched, erect or
prostrate. Leaves herbaceous, opposite or the alternate ones reduced,
seldom wanting, ovate or lanceolate, usually pubescent or hairy,
petioled. Peduncles axillary, bearing one or more flowers in a cyme.
Calyx-lobes 5, short, free to the base or nearly so. Corolla infundi-
buliform, bilabiate; lobes equal or the lower ones longer than the |
upper. Stamens 2 complete ; filaments filiform, rising from about half-
way down the tube; anthers reniform, connivent by the edges: stamin-
odes 2, short, hooked. Ovary cylindric, passing into the style; stigma
capitate or ovate, entire. Disk annular or absent. Capsule cylindric,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

narrow, usually splitting along the upper edge.
Species about one hundred,

minute, ellipsoid, not plumed.—Distrip.
in India and Malaya.

Sect. I. Enata :—
Stem tall, branched, shrubby; leaves in distant pairs,
unequal ; bract 1, cupshaped le
Stem long and weak ; bracts 2, ovate 5c 2.
Stem weak :—
Bracts ovate, amplexicaul ; flowers yellow 3.
Bracts oblong, glabrous ; flowers claret colour 4,
Sect. II. Dipymanruvus :—
Stem erect, herbaceous; leaves in distant pairs :—
Flowers very small, -25 in. long, axillary 5.
Flowers medium-sized :—
Flowers yellow :—
Leaves lanceolate acute 6.
Leaves ovate acuminate Uc
Leaves unequal, narrowly lanceolate 8.
Flowers white :—
Leaves opposite, equal, hairy, ovate :—
Edges pubescent a a:
Edges conspicuously red-hairy 10.
leaves lanceolate, thinly pubescent aia tile
- Leaves subglabrous, equal, long-petioled 12.
Leaves. glabrous, unequal :—
Flowers solitary, on short peduncles 13.
Flowers in pairs on long peduncles from upper
axils ne fe 3c tele
Stem erect, herbaceous, little-branched; flowers yellow;
corolla cylindric, trumpet-shaped :—
Leaves petioled, silky, in distant pairs :—
Corolla 2 in. long .. oe 69 ae abe
Corolla lin. long 5 1G.
_ Leaves crowded above, hairy :—
Stem slender; flowers small, congested ae ali
Stem woody :—
Leaves glabrous, congested at the top, not petioled ;
flowers yellow .. 00 oc 66 lS
Leaves alternate lanceolate, inequilateral ; flowers
blue .. ae DC S0 56 ath
Leaves. crowded or distant, elliptic, petioled ;
flowers white 5c oe . 20.
Sect. III. Reprantrs. Prostrate or creeping herbs. Leaves
in distant pairs, equal or unequal, hairy or pubescent :—
Flowers blue or white, sometimes with yellow streaks :—
Leaves hairy, rarely glabrous; flower in uppermost
5 Ale

axil, peduncle short ..

2

745

Seeds numerous,

SS

Sb

SSiels

. corchorifolia.
. sulphurea.

. citrina.
. purpurea.

- parviflora.

. flava.
. ramosa.
. flavescens.

. hispida.
. hirta.

. viscida.
. albina.

. alternans.

. glabrata.

. malayana.
. albomarginata.

. flavobrunnea.

. longipes.
. tnequalis.

. alba.

. reptans.

746 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Leaves velvety, elliptic :—

Flowers solitary, terminal ae sche . 22. D. ophirensis.
Flowers numerous, on slender pedicels . 23. D. pulchella.
Flowers orange-yellow :—
Calyx-lobes hairy : . 24. D. crocea.
Calyx-lobes narrow, Seupibrons: -30 .. 25. D. ascendens.
Sect. IV. Herreropza. Stems woody, usually short, with
the leaves crowded towards the top, more or less hairy
above, and little or not branched. Leaves hairy, silky or
rarely glabrous, lanceolate, serrate, narrowed at the base
into a winged petiole, alternate. Peduncles slender, axil-
lary in the upper axils, 1- rarely 2-flowered. Bracts
usually small, solitary, linear. Corolla large, showy ;
white crimson or blue, rarely yellow; filaments long,
slender. Capsule narrow, cylindric :—
Flowers solitary, bracts very small :—
Leaves glabrous, wrinkled . 26. D. rugosa.
Leaves tessellate, not wrinkled, obovate, patrons or
with scattered hairs with swollen bases :— ‘
Capsule over 2 in. long . 27. D platypus.
Capsule shorter, 1 in. long . 28. D. Kompsobea.
Leaves not tessellate, hairy or pubescent.
Leaves broad, covered with close short hairs :—
Flowers white, tipped with crimson .. 29. D. quinquevulnera.
Flowers deep crimson . 30. D. atrosanguinea.
Leaves narrow, lanceolate, densely Hairy, distant;
flowers yellow ac 55 . 31. D. hirsuta.
Leaves silky pubescent on bath surfaces ; flowers
white, tinged with pink or blue .. 32. D. bombycina.
Leaves crowded, thickly appressed, aes flowers
white or blue oe 50 .. 33. D. crinita.

Leaves crowded, covered with ‘chor scattered hairs
above, deep green with central white ik flowers
white

. 34. D. fasciata.

Flowers in pairs on a one pedamclee bractsvery broad 35. D. venusta.

Sect. V. Satictinz. Small shrubby plants with narrow
leaves crowded at top. Flowers small :—

Leaves entire

Leaves serrate :-—

Flowers ‘125 in. long, pink A ole
Flowers °75 in. long, white with purple ontsides yellow
in mouth . . 38.
Leaves Apo cut, pifmate > BY):
Sect. VI. Acavures. Stemlessor nearly so; iearee crowded :—
Flowers panicled, lips very unequal ae . 40.
Flowers 1- 2-racemose :— a
_ Flowers large, blue . 41.
Flowers small :—
Leaves elliptic, peltate on AZe

D.

D.
D. pectinata.

. 36. D. densifolia.

salicina.

serratifolia.

violacea.

. lacunosa.

. perdita.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 747

Leaves obovate, crenulate :—

Capsule very short and broad Ae .. 43. D. puncticulata.
Capsule linear, narrow a : .. 44. D. heterophylla.
Leaves small, entire, silky ae oe .. 45. D. pumila.

Affinity doubtful.
Stem tall; leaves alternate, distant. Panicles small,
adnate to petioles bh ef fe .. 46. D. lilacina.

Sect. I. HExarz.

1. DipymMocaRPuUS coRCHORIFOLIA, R. Br. in Benn. Pl. Jay. Rar. 119
(1840). A shrub, 4 to 6 ft. high, much branched, with a stout woody
stem. Leaves opposite but unequal, ovate, subacute, ineequilateral,
rounded at base; margins serrate; both surfaces, but especially the
under, covered with soft, short, felted hair; 3 to 9 in. long, 1:5 to
5 in. broad; petiole 1 to 3 in. long. Pamnicles lax, axillary, 2 to 3 in. long;
peduncles short, pubescent; flowers numerous; bracts cupshaped.
Calyx cupshaped, -25 in. long, shortly 5-toothed. Corolla -75 in. long,
white applegreen in the throat or often purplish-white ; tube straight,
thick ; lobes rounded, the upper lip recurved, the base appressed to the
broad decurved lower lip which is much longer. Capsule cylindric, 1 to
2-5 in. long, pubescent, splitting to near the tip. Ann. Se. Nat. 2,
XIII. 164; Wall. Cat. 792; DC. Prodr. [X. 265; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT.
726 : Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. V. i. 85, and in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind.
TV. 351; Ridley in Journ. Bot. XXVIII. 68 (1890), and in Journ. Str. Br.
R. As. Soc. No. 43, 31.

Penana: Wallich 792; Government Hill, Curtis 1239; Maingay
(K.D.) 1227. Senancor: Pahang track and Semangko, Audley 8553.
Perak: Bujong Malacca, Ridley 9775, Curtis 3130; Gunong Hijau,
Scortechint 1266 ; Kinta, at 1500 to 2000 ft., King’s Collector 7220 ; 2000
to 3000 ft., Kzng’s Collector 10979, 10998.

2. DipyMOcARPUS SULPHUREA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.
No. 43, 32 (1905). A shrubby creeper 6 to 10 ft. long; stem pubescent,
branched, with long internodes. Leaves opposite but very unequal, one
up to 3 in. long by ‘75 to 1°75 in. broad, the opposite one -5 to -75
in. long, -15 to °25 in. wide; ovate or lanceolate, acute; base unequal,
‘cuneate ; margins crenulate dentate ; deep green above, purple beneath ;
nerves 6 to 7 pairs elevated on both surfaces, sprinkled all over on both
surfaces with short hairs, more hairy on the back. Peduncles axillary,
filiform, 4 to 6 in. long, pubescent ; branches at the top 2 or 3, each
bearing as many flowers ; bracts 2 to each pair of flowers, ovate, gla-
brous, 125 in. long. Calyx-lobes elliptic-ovate, obtuse, glabrous.
Corolla infundibuliform, -5 in. long, glabrous ; upper lip short recurved,
lower one longer. Stamens shortly exsert ; filaments thick, pubescent.

748 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Style stout; stigma excavate at the top. Capsule 1:5 to 3 in. long,
rather thick, cylindric, acuminate, glabrous. _

Perak: Gunong Hijau, Gunong Chabang and Gunong Bubu,
Scortechini 6; Gunong Batu Patih, at 3000 to 4000 ft., King’s Collector
8059 ; do. 4500 ft., Wray 219; Bujong Malacca, Ridley 9774.

Var. breviflora, Ridley l.c. Bracts and calyx-lobes narrower, acute,
pubescent. Corolla smaller, ‘25 to ‘5 in. long. Capsule pubescent,
‘75 in. long.

Serancor: Bukit Kutu, Ridley 7582.

3. Dipymocarpus ciTrina, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXIT. 508
(1895). A soft weak herb, about 1 ft. high, pubescent. Leaves soft,
opposite but unequal, the larger 2 to 3 in. long, 1:25 in. wide; ovate or
ovate-lanceolate ; velvety ; margins crenulate ; petiole -5 to 3 in. long.
Pamnicles axillary, 3 in. long, pubescent at base, glabrate above; bracts
ovate cordate, acute, nearly amplexicaul, polished green with red edges;
pedicels ‘5 to 1 in. long, terete, glabrous. Calyz-lobes triangular,
spreading, stiff, green, edges red. Corolla lemon-yellow, pendulous ;
tube 1 in. long, funnel-shaped, base narrowed, mouth dilate, ‘5 in. across ;
upper lobes broad, rounded, recurved. lower ones larger. Stamens 2;
filaments short, sinuate, pubescent; anthers subtriangular. Ovary and
style ‘5 in. long, pubescent; stigma peltate. Disk cylindric. Capsule
1 in. long, angled, glabrous. Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, .32.

Kepau; Gunong Jereh, at 2000 ft. alt., Rzdley 5518.

4, DIDYMOCARPUS PURPUREA, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII.
508 (1895). Stem herbaceous, 12 to 18 in. high. Leaves ovate, acute,
inequilateral, velvety; 4 in. long, 2 in. broad; margins crenulate;
petiole ‘25 to ‘5 in. long. Panicle erect, subterminal, 4 in. long, with
slender branches; peduncle 3 in. long, glabrous; bracts small, ovate.
Calyz-lobes spreading, oblong, glabrous, short. Corolla tubular, pur-
ple; tube narrowed at base; lobes rounded, lower oneslonger. Stamens
2; filaments filiform, included; staminodes filiform. Ovary cylindric;
stigma broad, discoid. Capsule ‘d in. long, cylindric, glabrous, stipitate.
Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, 33.

KepaxH: Lankawi Island on Gunong Chinchau, 1000 to 1500 ft.,
Curtis 2567.

Sect. II. Dinymanruus.

5. DiDYMOCARPUS PARVIFLORA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.
No. 43, 33 (1905). A small erect herb about 1 ft. high or less, much
branched ; stem slender, covered with appressed hairs. Leaves oppo-
site, equal; lanceolate, acute; 1 in. long, -25 in. broad; glabrous and
puncticulate on the upper surface, on the lower yellow pustular and

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 749

with short translucent hairs which are longer and multicellular along
the margin, midrib and nerves; nerves 5 pairs; petiole -25 in. long,
hairy. Flowers solitary, axillary on slender hairy peduncles ‘25 in. long.
Calyz-lobes linear, obtuse, pubescent. Corolla :25 in. long, yellow-
pubescent ; tube broad, straight; lobes short, broad, rounded. Stamens
nearly as long as corolla-lobes ; anthers large, white, reniform ; filaments
glabrous. Ovary as long as stamens, pubescent; stigma capitate, entire.
Capsule slender, pubescent.

NeEGrRI SEMBILAN: at Gunong Angsi, Ridley.

6. Dipymocarpus Fava, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 507
(1895). Stem 1 ft. tall, scabrid, branched. Leaves lanceolate acute,
base narrowed ; denticulate on the margins ; scabrid beneath, covered on
the nerves with short hairs; 3 in. long,'1-5 in. broad ; petiole ‘5 in. long.
Cymes axillary and subterminal, on hairy peduncles 1 to 2 in. long;
pedicels ‘5 in. long; flowers 4 or 5. Calyx short ; lobes hispid lanceo-
late. Corolla glabrescent, yellow, ‘75 in. long; tube straight, dilated
upwards; lobes short, obtuse. Style slender, pubescent. Capsule
cylindric, 1:5 in. long, hispid. Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.
No. 48, 34.

Perak: Larutt Hills, Rzdley 2914 ; Curtis 2690 ; at 2500 to 3000 ft.,
King’s Collector 2151; Scortechini 563.

Var. purpurascens, Ridley. Stems stouter, over 1 ft. high, hairy.
Leaves opposite, equal, obliquely ovate acute, often purple as is the
stem.

Perak: Bukit Kapayung, Sungei Siput, Ridley.

7. Dipymocarpus RAmoSA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43,
34 (1905). Stem slender, branched, pubescent with appressed hairs, over
1 ft. tall. Leaves distant, opposite, but one of each pair much smaller ;
ovate acuminate, thin, rounded or slightly narrowed at the base; gla-
brous above, sparingly hairy on the nerves beneath; nerves about 7
pairs; 2 to 3 in. long, 1:5 in. wide or smaller; petiole -125 in. long.
Peduncles slender, from the lower axils, 1:25 in. long, 2-flowered, viscid
hairy. Calyx-lobes lanceolate acuminate, viscid hairy, -125 in. long.
Corolla-tube straight, hardly dilated, -5 in. long, greenish yellow,
bilabiate; lower lobe longer than upper; lobes rounded. Stamens 2;
filaments long filiform; anthers oblong. Ovary long-cylindric ; style
long, slender ; stigma capitate, small.

PERAK: Gunong Batu Putih, Wray 868.

. 8. DipyMocARPUS FLAVESCENS, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.

No. 43, 35 (1905). Stems slender, over 1 ft. long, covered with short
appressed hairs. Leaves distant, opposite but unequal; lanceolate,
acuminate at both ends, entire ; sprinkled over on both surfaces with

750 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

short scattered hairs ; 1:5 to 2 in. long, -5 in. wide ; petiole -15 to 2 in.
long, silky-hairy. Pedwnecles 1-flowered, slender, subterminal, 1 in.
long, pubescent. Calyx-lobes linear, hairy.. Corolla yellowish-white,
‘5 in. long, pubescent; tube straight, cylindric, hardly dilated above ;
bilabiate ; lobes short, rounded. Stamens 2; filaments filiform. Ovary
short, cylindric ; style short, pubescent ; stigma capitate.

SELANGOR: Kwala Kubu, Ridley 7585.

9. Dipymocarpus HIspPiDA, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 507.
(1895). Stem 6 to 12 in. tall, hispid. Leaves opposite, equal ; ovate or lan-
late, acute or acuminate at both ends; 3 to 5 in. long, 1 to 2 in. wide;
scabrid on theupper surface, hairy on the lower, especially on the nerves ;
petiole 1 in. long. Peduncles 1 to 3, erect from the upper axils, 3 in.
long, hairy, with 3 or 4 terminal branches, bearing a few flowers;
pedicels hispid, ‘5in. long; bracts linear, -25 in. long. Calyx :26 in.
long ; lobes lanceolate, hairy. Corolla glabrous, 1 in. long, white with
violet streaks in the lower lip; tube straight, funnel-shaped ; upper lobes
ovate subacute, lower ones longer. Stamens 2; filaments slender, nearly
straight, filiform ; staminodes short, clubbed, 2. Ovary fusiform, pubes-
cent; style terete; stigma capitate. Capsule 1:5 in. long, straight,
cylindric. D. hispidula, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, 35.

Prrak: Lartit Hills at 4000 to 6000 ft., Curtes 13812, 2037; Ridley;
King’s Collector ; Scortechini 467 ?

Var. ? selangorensis, Ridley. Leaves shorter, glabrous above. Calyx-
lobes longer. Capsule 3 in. long, softly velvety.

SELANGOR : Gunong Semangko, Curtis 3752.

10. Dipymocarrus uirta, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.
No. 438, 36 (1905). Stem herbaceous, branched, about 1 ft. tall, thickly
covered with rather long reddish multicellular hairs. Leaves opposite ;
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, subacute, narrowed at the base; 3 in. long,
1 to 1:5 in. wide; margin serrulate, hairy; rather densely hairy on the
upper -surface with multicellular hairs; on the lower surface, midrib,
and nerves covered with close long pale hairs ; petiole 25 in. long, hairy.
Peduncles subterminal, 2°5 in. long, very hairy, red; bract very small,
linear ; flowers solitary on the peduncles. Calyx-lobes linear, narrow,
hairy, ‘15 to ‘2 in. long. Corolla absent. Capsule 2 in. long, cylindric,
closely but very shortly hairy. Ovary cylindric; style long, pubescent ;
stigma discoid.

SELANGOR : above the gap, Semangko Pass, Curtzs.

11. Dipymocarpus viscrpa, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.
No. 43, 36 (1905). Stems slender, 6 in. long or more; shortly roughly
hairy. Leaves opposite, thin; lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate ;
base ineequilateral ; upper surface sparingly scabrid hairy, lower hairy on

Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula. 751

the nerves; 3 to 4 in. long, 1 to 1-5 in. broad; main nerves about 6 pairs ;
petiole ‘5 in. long, roughly hairy. Peduncle subterminal, 2 in. long,
viscid hairy ; cyme-branches 1 in. long. Calyx-lobes very short, lanceo-
late, viscid hairy. Corolla rather over ‘5 in. long; tube swollen at
base, then funnel-shaped, white, sparingly pubescent. Stamens 2,
included; filaments filiform. Style shorter than stamens. Capsule
slender, cylindric, acuminate, viscid hairy, 1 in. long.

Perak: Gunong Keledang, Rzdley 9781.

12. DipyMocarPusS ALBINA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.
No. 43, 37 (1905). Stem 2 to 3 ft. tall, herbaceous, appressed hairy.
Leaves opposite, equal ; lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate at base
and apex; margins shortly serrate; 4 to 6 in. long by 1°5 to 2 in. wide;
glabrous except the midrib on the back, which is covered with appressed
hairs; petiole appressed hairy, 1°5 in. long. Pedunele axillary, 3 in.
long, with a lax few-branched terminal panicle 1 in. long; bracts and
bracteoles linear. Calyx-lobes lanceolate acuminate, -1 in. long.
Corolla ‘5 in. long, waxy white, slightly pubescent; tube cylindric;
limb distinctly bilobed. Stamens 2; filaments glabrous; anthers ovate-
lanceolate. Ovary and style pubescent.

Perak: Gunong Batu Putih, at 3000 to 4000 ft., King’s Collector
8070.

This is allied to D. hispida, Ridl., but with nearly glabrous and more lanceo-
late leaves and smaller flowers.

13. DipyMocARPUS ALTERNANS, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.
No. 43, 37 (1905). Stem about 1 ft. tall, erect, scabrid hairy above,
rather slender. Leaves thin; subalternate or opposite; lanceolate
acuminate; base ineequilateral cuneate; entire or slightly serrate; 3 in.
long by 1:25 in. wide; nearly glabrous except the midrib on the back
~ and petiole, -25 in. long, which are scabrid hairy ; opposite leaf reduced
to a small ovate blade ‘5 in. long or wanting. Flowers solitary, axillary
on short pedicels, slender, ‘125 to -25 in. long with 2 linear small bracts,
all pubescent. Calyx-lobes lanceolate acute, hairy, 125 in. long. Corolla
‘5 in. long, white, centre yellow ; tube narrowed at the base, dilated up-
- wards, pubescent; lobes subequal, rounded; lips not very distinct.
Stamens 2; filaments filiform, included; anthers elliptic, connate;
staminodes filiform, short, clubbed. Style fairly long, hairy; stigma
capitate. Capsule slender, cylindric, glabrous, 1 in. long.

Perak: at Bujong Malacca, Ridley 9777 ; Curtis 3133; Larut Hills,
500 to 1500 ft., Keng’s Collector 2311. On banks up to 4000 it.

14. DipyMocARPUS GLABRATA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.
No. 43, 38 (1905). A slender branched herb over 1 ft. high, almost

ty

752 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

glabrous except for a little pubescence on the stem and petioles.
Leaves opposite, subequal or one leaf larger than the other; elliptic or
ovate, apex subacute, base cuneate or rounded and oblique; margins
entire; 1:5 to 3 in. long, 1 in. broad or less; main nerves 7 pair, with mid-
rib pubescent ; petiole slender, pubescent, ‘25 in. long orless. Peduncles
from the upper axils 2-flowered, axillary, 2 in. long, pubescent; bracts
very small, linear; pedicels -25 in. long, pubescent. Calyz-lobes
narrowly lanceolate, ‘125 in. long. Corolla white (not seen). Capsule
linear, acuminate, 1-5 in. long, pubescent. )

JOHORE : at Gunong Panti, King’s Collector 209.

15. Dipymocarpus MALAYANA, Hook. f.- in Gard. Chron. II. 123, :
fig. 24 (1896). Stem very short, up to 3 in. long. Leaves ovate obtuse
shortly petioled to lanceolate acute, long-petioled; 7 in. long, 2°75 in.
broad; main nerves 15 pairs, conspicuous, silky-hairy. Peduncles
stout, silky-hairy, 3 to 4 in. long, scapose with 2 flowers at the top or
with 2 erect branches 3 in. long bearing 8 or 9 flowers each; flowers
nodding. Calyz-lobes linear, obtuse, pubescent, long. Corolla 2 in.
long, bright yellow; tube narrowed at the base, gibbous, inflated above,
hairy ; lobes rounded, subequal. Stamens 2; filaments included, curved,
glabrous ; anthers shield-shaped with 2 projecting horns on each ; stami-
nodes minute, tooth-like. Ovary conic, hairy; style long, glandular-
pubescent; stigma capitate. Disk cylindric. Capsule cylindric, 1 to
1d in. long. Bot. Mag. t. 7526; Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.
No. 43, 38.

Perak: Bujong Malacca, Curtis 3300, Ridley 9778; Tanjong
Malim, Baldwin; Chabong, Scortechini 189; Ulu Bubong and Ulu
Kirling, King’s Collector 8799?, 10197? SELANGOR: Gunong
Semangko, Curtis 3300; Bukit Kutu, Ridley 7580; Ginting Bidai, Ridley
7581. Usually at 1500 to 3000 ft. alt.

16. DipymocaRrpus ALBOMARGINATA, Hemsley in Journ. Bot. XXY.
204 (1887). Stem 6 to 12 in. tall, pubescent, red. Leaves elliptic or
ovate, obtuse, with a broad or cuneate base, dark green; edges and
nerves white, sparsely hairy above, silky beneath; nerves about 10 pairs;
3 to 4in. long, 1 to 1d in. wide. Peduncles axillary and subterminal,
hairy, pink, 3 in. long, racemose or sparingly branched. Calyz-lobes
lanceolate, hairy. Corolla yellow ; tube narrow, pinkish white, dilated
upwards ; lobes subequal, rounded. Stamens 2; filaments thickened at
the base, curved ; anthers reniform with short processes ; staminodes 2,
filiform, hooked. Ovary cylindric, conic, pubescent; style long; stigma
wide, discoid. Capsule cylindric, acuminate, rather thick; tip upcurved,
hairy, ‘75 in. long. Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 506, and in
Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, 39.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 753

Perak: Lartit Hills, 3000 to 5000 ft., Wray; Curtis 2039, 2991;
Firdley 2908 ; King’s Collector 1817.

A species closely allied to D. mulayana, and difficult to distinguish from it in dried
specimens except from the much smaller flowers.

17. DipyMocarPUS FLAVOBRUNNEA, Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soe. Ser.
2, IIT. 329 (1893). Stem slender, seldom branched, densely pubescent,
3 to 4 in. tall. Leaves alternate; ovate lanceolate, acute; base unequal
narrowed ; margins serrate; 7 in. long,3 in. wide; nerves and midrib
beneath covered with shining brown hairs, above sparingly pubescent.
Peduneles 8 in. long, stiff, hispid, branched shortly dichotomously above ;
branches short, crowded; flowers numerous, small; bracts lanceolate,
acuminate, ‘25 in. long, hispid; pedicels short. Calyx-lobes linear,
narrow, pubescent. Corolla 1 in. long; tube cylindric, gradually dilated
towards the lips ; lobes unequal, rounded, short ; tube brownish outside ;
limb yellow with an orange spot in the mouth and some red streaks.
. Stamens 2, with filiform filaments. Ovary elliptic. Capsule 1 in. long,
narrowed gradually from the base, splitting above nearly to the apex,
glabrous. Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 48, 39.

PauwanG: Tahan River woods, Ridley 2163.

The fruits crowded at the top of the peduncle radiating in all directions give this
species the appearance of a Parabea.

18. DipymocarPus LoneIPEs, Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. V. i. 86
(1883). Stem woody, 2 in. long, hairy at the top. Leaves oblanceolate,
narrowed to the base; obscurely serrate ; glabrous and deep green above,
hairy on the midrib and purple beneath; 8 in. long, 2°25 in. broad.
Flowers few, racemose (occasionally panicled), pendent on peduncles
9 to 18 in. long, rather stout, purple. Calyxz-lobes linear, acuminate,
pubescent, purple, 125 in. long. Corolla 1:5 in. long, pale yellow,
pubescent; tube straight, little dilated upwards; upper two lobes short,
rounded; lower longer, oblong. Stamens 2; filaments short, thick,
adnate to the tube near the mouth; anthers reniform, connate, just
included, with 2 short appressed horn-like processes to the connective.
. Ovary elongate, conic, passing into the terete style; stigma discoid.
Disk cylindric. Capsule 1-25 in. long, rather thick, splitting along the
upper edge. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 351; Ridley in Journ.
Linn. Soc. XXXII. 509, and in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe. No. 43, 40.

Matacca: Mount Ophir, Griffith (K.D.) 3854 ; Cuming 2385; Main-
gay (K.D.) 2723; Ridley 3179.

19. DipymMocarRPUS INZQUALIS, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII.
506 (1883). Stem woody, 5 in. or more tall, :125 in. thick, brown-

704 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

pubescent. Leaves alternate, distant, lanceolate, ineequilateral, acute,
serrate, narrowed to the base; velvety above, pubescent beneath ;
©) in. long, 1:5 in. wide or smaller ; petiole distinct, pubescent, ‘5 in. long.
Peduncles from the upper axils 1-5 in. long, pubescent ; flowers crowded,
pedicellate ; bract linear, nearly -25 in.long. Calyx campanulate ; lobes
not free to the base, linear, -125 in. long, pubescent. Corolla blue, 1 in.
long; tube slender, enlarged upwards; lobes short, rounded ; filaments
long slender. Ovary elongate cylindric; stigma obconic. Capsule
cylindric, glabrous, 1:5 in. long. Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.
No. 48, 41.

Kepaw: on Lankawi Island at Gunong Chinchang, Curtis 2568.

20. DipymMocaRPuS ALBA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43,
41 (1905). Stem woody, creeping, ascending, hairy-pubescent. Leaves
crowded towards the top; lanceolate, acute at base; 2 in. long, -25 to
‘Din. wide, softly densely hairy on both sides ; petiole densely hairy, ‘d in.
long. Peduncles short, 5 in. or less long, 1-flowered, densely hairy.
Calyx-lobes free to .base, linear, acuminate, long-hairy, °125 in. long.
Corolla quite white, ‘5 in. long, base cylindric, gradually dilated upwards,
hairy ; lobes short, rounded, subequal. Stamens 2; filaments rather
short, filiform ; staminodes 3, filiform, clubbed, shorter. Ovary pubes-
cent. Capsule :75 in. long, curved, acuminate, splitting along the upper
surface, glabrous.

PERAK: at Bujong Malacca, Curtis 3299; Ridley 9780 ; Scortechin.

Var. major, Ridley. Stems taller, over 1 ft. high. Leaves more
remote and less hairy. Peduncles longer, 1 in. in flower, 1:25 in. in
fruit. Corolla 1 in. long.

PERAK: at Gunong Bubu, 4500 ft., Wray 3209.

Sect. III. ReEprantss.

21. DipyMocarpPus REPTANS, Jack in Mal. Mise. I. pt. i. 3 (1820),
and in Trans. Linn. Soc. XIV. 35. Stems creeping, 6 in. or more long,
villous. Leaves opposite; ovate or elliptic, blunt at apex, narrowed or
rounded at base; upper surface sprinkled with villous hairs, lower more
hairy ; margins obscurely crenulate ; °75 to 3 in. long, ‘d to ‘75 in. broad.
Peduncles slender, subterminal, 1-flowered, hairy, 1 in. long ; bract very
small; pedicel -25 in. long. Calya-lobes linear, villous, ‘125 in. long.
Corolla ‘5 in. long, pubescent, white with purple and yellow streaks in the —
mouth ; tube trumpet-shaped ; lobes rather large, rounded. Stamens 2 ;
filaments far included, filiform ; staminodes very short. Ovary cylin-
dric ; style slender ; stigma discoid. Capsule 1 in. long, slender, scabrid,
splitting nearly to the apex. Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. IV. 55; Spreng.

Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula. 755

Syst. II. 837; Wall. Cat. 787; G. Don Gen. Syst. Dichl. Pl. IV. 659 ;
R. Br. in Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. 119, and Am. Sc. Nat. 2, XIII. 1€4; DOC.
Prodr. IX. 286; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 726; Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan.
V. i. 95, and in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 352; Ridley in Journ. Linn.
Soc. XXXII. 511, and in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, 42.
Henckelia reptans, Spreng. Syst. cwre post. 14.

Prenane: Wallich 787; Maingay (K.D.) 1223 ; Lobb 335; at Pulau
Betong, Curtis 1706; Penang Hill, G. King. Senancor: Bukit Kutu,
Ridley 7585.

Var. monticola, Ridley. More slender, and creeping for 1:5 ft. or more;
the shoots covered with rufous hairs. Leaves narrower, lanceolate,
acute, narrowed into the petiole; 2 to 3 in. long, ‘3 to -5 in. broad.
D. ? producta, Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. V. i. 96.

PERAK: Gunong Batu Putih, Wray 480, 927; Lartt Hills Curtis
2040, 2992; Ridley 2912; Scortechine 20, 257; Goping, Kzng’s Collector
1099. Drypines: Simpit, near Lumut, Ridley 3062. Srnancor:
Pahang track, Ridley 8561; Ginting Bidai, Ridley 7586. Nercri
Sempinan: Bukit Tamiang and Bukit Sulu, Cantley’s Collector.—
Distris. Sumatra (Horsfield). A

Var. violascens, Ridley. Stems ascending for 1 ft. or so. Leaves
rather remote, nearly glabrous above except for dense hair on the mar-
gins and midrib, more hairy beneath; nerves elevated, densely
appressed-hairy. lowers purplish-white.

SELANGOR: Rawang, Fzdley 7583 ; Dusun Tera, Ridley 7584.

22. DIDYMOCARPUS OPHIRENSIS, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.
No. 43, 43 (1905). Stem creeping, over 1 ft. long. Leaves opposite,
somewhat unequal, elliptic ; dark green with white on the nerves, 1 to 3
in. long, ‘5 to 1 in. wide, base rounded ; above sprinkled with short hairs,
beneath paler, more hairy ; margins entire, thickly hairy; nerves 5 to 6
pairs, densely hairy; petiole -25 in. long, hairy. Peduncles subterminal,
1 in. long, hairy. Calyz-lobes linear, -125 in. long, densely hairy. Corolla
‘75 in. long, gradually dilated forwards, rather broad at the top, hairy,
purple and white; upper lip much shorter than lower one. Stamens
filiform, little shorter than the corolla. Style slender; stigma capitate.
‘Capsule cylindric, hairy, 1 in. long.

Mazacca: lower part of Mount Ophir, Ridley 3185.

Ridley says: ‘‘I took this at first to be D. marginata, Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan.
V.i. 96, and in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 352, which was based on a plant collected in
Malacca or Luzon by Lobb, but which, from the description, may be a form of D.
reptans, and the locality of which is doubtful.”

23. DipyMOocARPUS PULCHELLA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc.
No. 43, 44 (1905). Stems slender, 3 to 6 in. long, purple, covered with

756 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

appressed hairs. Leaves opposite, elliptic, obtuse, 1 to 2 in. long; dark
green above with a central white stripe, dotted with short hairs ; beneath
purple, sprinkled with hairs; the nerves and edges hairy ; petiole ‘25 to
‘) in. long, hairy. Peduneles axillary, 1 in. long, slender, hairy; bract
linear, very small; pedicel ‘5 in. long, slender, hairy. Calyx-lobes
narrowed, linear, -125 in. long, hairy. Corolla white, with yellow in the
mouth, nearly 1 in. long ; tube cylindric, hardly dilated, sparingly hairy ;
lobes oblong, rounded. Stamens 2 fertile; filaments filiform, straight ;
anthers oblong. Ovary slender, cylindric, pubescent, with style -4 in.
long. Capsule narrow, cylindric, upcurved, 1:5 in. long, pubescent.

PaHane: Kwala Lipis, Machado 11629.

24. DipymMocarPpus crRocEeA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.
No. 43, 44 (1905). Stems succulent, creeping, pubescent, 1 ft. or more
long. Leaves opposite but unequal; ovate, obtuse; surfacesoftly hairy,
green with white veins; 1 to 3 in. long, ‘75 to 1-25 in. broad ; nerves raised
beneath ; petiole ‘5 in. long or less. Peduncles subterminal, 1 to 3 in.
long, 1-flowered, softly hairy; bracts 2, short, linear. Calyz-lobes
linear, pubescent, ‘15 to ‘2 in. long. Corolla orange-yellow, pubescent,
bilabiate, 2 in. long; tube narrowed at the base, dilated, gibbous
above; lobes rounded, darker orange; lower lip longer than upper.
Stamens 2; filaments sinuate; anthers with 2 processes each on the
back; staminodes filiform, hooked. Style slender; stigma capitate.
Capsule rather thick, curved upwards, 1-25 in. long, pubescent.

Perak: Gunong Keledang, on banks, Ridley 9776; Curtis 3301;
Sungkei, King’s Collector 3014.

25. DIDYMOCARPUS ASCENDENS, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII.
512 (1896). Stem rather slender, creeping, ascending, branched above,
4 to 8 in. high ; branches 2 in. long or more. Leaves crowded above,
opposite, subequal; ovate, subacute, narrowed or broad at base, entire ;
surface dark green, silky-hairy, the edges white-silky ; 1:5 to 2 in. long,
‘5 to 1 in. broad; petiole 1 in. long or less. Flowers solitary on hairy
peduncles ‘5 to 1 in. long. Calyz-lobes linear, acuminate, silky.
Corolla orange-yellow, 1:5 in. long, narrow cylindric, dilated above,
pubescent; lobes short, rounded, subequal. * Stamens 2; filaments long,
thick; anthers triangular, obtuse. Ovary cylindric, pubescent; style
long; stigma ovate, triangular. Capsule cylindric, acuminate, 1 in. long.
Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, 40.

Perak: Tapa, Haviland; Curtis 3106; Goping, King’s Collec-—
tor 4058.

Sect. IV. Heteropza.

26. DipymocarpPus RuGOSA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 48,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 757

45 (1905). Stem short, stout, woody, 2 to 3 in. long. Leaves crowded
at the top, rather thick; oblong, oblanceolate, winged to the base;
dentate; glabrous and strongly bullate, wrinkled above, beneath pubes-
cent with midrib and nerves hairy; nerves very numerous and close
(about 40 pairs), nervules transverse, strongly raised; 3 to 5 in. long,
15 to 2 in. wide. Peduncles slender, 3 in. long, hairy, ebracteate ;
flowers solitary. Calyx-lobes short, ovate acute. Corolla-tube trumpet-
shaped, 1 in. long; lower lip longer than the upper ; lobes broad, white
with yellow central bar. Stamens 2; anthers narrow; connective
2-horned; staminodes short, very slender, hooked. Ovary and style very
hairy ; stigma broad, reniform.

Perak: Hulu Selama, Scortechina 1273. KernuAntTaAN: Kwala Lebir,
Dr. Gimlette.

27. DipymocarPus PLATYPUuS, Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. V. i. 94
(1883), and in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 352 (1884). Stem woody below,
pubescent, leafy above, 4 to 22 in. long. Leaves sessile, alternate ;
oblanceolate, 8 to 13 in. long, 3in. wide; margins serrate ; above sprinkled
with multicellular hairs from a swollen base, beneath glabrous except
for the elevated nerves and reticulations, densely appressed hairy.
Peduncles numerous, axillary, 1 in. long, slender, hairy ; bracts 2, short,
lanceolate, hairy; pedicel 1-flowered, ‘5 in. long, hairy. Calyz-lobes
ovate, obtuse, hairy, *1 in long. Corolla from a narrow base dilated
forwards, 1:25 in. long, sparingly hairy, white with a yellow mouth;
lobes broad, rounded. Stamens 2; filaments filiform, long; anthers
reniform, with a process of the connective projecting beyond them.
Style long, slender; stigma wide, discoid. Capsule cylindric, 1:5 in.
long, pubescent. Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 505, and in Journ.
Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, 46.

Perak: Gunong Batu Putih, Wray 934; Goping, King’s Collector
832. Sebtaneor: Klang, Beccary 5; Kuala Lumpur, Ridley. Neart
SemBILAN: Perhentian Tinggi, Ridley 10097 ; Bukit Temiang, Cantley.
Matacea: Griffith (K.D.) 3825; Maingay (K.D.) 1226; Cuming 2359;
Ayer Panas, Derry 111; Harvey. JonorEe: Ulu Batu Pahat, Kelsall;
Gunong Pulai, Azdley 3729. Sinaapore: Bukit Timah, Selitar,
| Ridley.—Distriw. Sumatra.

28. Dipymocarpus Kompsospa@a, Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. V. i.
92, t. 10 (1883). Stem woody, 4 to 5 in. tall. Leaves crowded at the
top; oblanceolate, acute, narrowed towards the base; 5 to 9 in. long,
2 to 3 in. wide ; margins coarsely crenate-dentate ; above glabrous when
adult, with a few multicellular hairs when young; beneath minutely
pubescent ; nerves and reticulations elevated; midrib and main nerves
with long brownish appressed hairs. Pedwncles 1-flowered, 4 in. long,

758 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

hairy. Calyx-lobes ovate, hairy, ‘125 in. long. Corolla white with
yellow in the throat; tube 1 in. long; base narrowed, above somewhat
abruptly swollen, nearly glabrous ; lower lip longer than the upper one.
Stamens 2; filaments filiform; anthers oblong. Capsule 1:75 in. long,
moderately thick, pubescent. Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc.
No. 43, 44. .

Pawane: Tahan River Woods, Ridley 2152. Smnancor: Bukit
Hitam, Kelsall.

29. DIDYMOCARPUS QUINQUEVULNERA, Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soc.
Ser. 2, ITI. 328 (1893). Stem woody, 6 to 9 in. tall or less, covered
with brown wool. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, acute, serrate, nar-
rowed to the base; silky pubescent, dark green; 6 in. long, 2 to 2°5 in.
wide. Peduncles slender, rosy, white-ciliate; flowers numerous. Calyx-
lobes lanceolate, acute. Corolla-tube slender, dilated forwards, 3 in.
long, white, 2-lipped; lobes rounded, crimson or violet-purple edged
with white, with yellow streaks in the throat. Stamens rather thick,
sinuate, white; anthers reniform. Ovary cylindric, pubescent; stigma
cordate. Capsule cylindric, acuminate, 3:5 in. long. Ridley in Journ.
Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 48, 47.

PaHaneG: Kota Glanggi, Tahan Woods, Ridley 2144, 2154. Srnan-
Gor: Pahang Track, 15th mile, Ridley 8559.

30. DiDYMOCARPUS ATROSANGUINEA, Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soe.
Ser. 2, III. 328 (1893). Stem woody, 6 in. high, :25 in. thick. Leaves
lanceolate, acute, crenulate, denticulate or dentate, base broad; 9 in.
long, 4 in. wide; deep green velvety pubescent above, glaucescent,
pubescent beneath with elevated nerves and nervules. Peduwncles 3 in.
long, pubescent; bracts ovate. Calyx-lobes linear, acute, ‘25 in. long,
pubescent, red. Corolla pubescent, deep red, yellow in the mouth;
tube 2 in. long, dilated upwards; lobes subequal, ovate obtuse.
Stamens 2; filaments sinuous, rather thick ; anthers semi-ovate. Style
longer than the stamens, pubescent; stigma rounded. Ridley in Journ.
Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, 47.

PaHana: Tahan Woods, Ridley. Trinaeanu: fidley.

31. Dipymocarpus HiRsuTA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.
No. 43, 48 (1905). Stem woody, over 1 ft. long, branched, densely
hairy above with long multicellular hairs. Leaves alternate, lanceolate
acuminate, narrowed to the base, crenate, densely hairy on both sur-
faces; 6 in. long, 1:5 in. wide; petiole ‘5 in. long or less. Flowers ©
solitary on the peduncles in the lower and upper axils. Pedwncles very
slender, hairy, 1 in. long. Calyzx-lobes short, ovate lanceolate, obtuse.
Corolla narrow, 1:5 in. long, yellow, pubescent. Capsule very narrow,
cylindric, pubescent, 3 in. long.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 759

Perak: Goping, King’s Collector 715; Larit Hills, King’s Col-
lector 2529.

32. DipymMocarPus BoMBYCINA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As.
Soc. No. 43, 32 (1905). Stem branched, woody, 3 to 4 ft. tall; above
closely silky pubescent. Leaves lanceolate acuminate; 4 to 6 in. long,
1 in. across; narrowed to the base; minutely crenulate ; densely silky
pubescent on both sides; nerves very numerous and close. Pedicels
short, 1 in. long, slender, silky. Calyx-lobes ovate, acute, small, silky.
Corolla-tube 1 in. long, sparingly pubescent, white tinged with pink or
blue, trumpet-shaped.

PeRAK: Ulu Bubong, 400 to 600 ft., King’s Collector 10587.

33. DipymocarPus crinita, Jack in Mal. Mise. I. II. 1 (1820), and
in Trans. Linn. Soc. XIV. 33, t. 2, fig. 2 (1823). Stem woody, pubes-
cent, 6 in. tall. Leaves narrow, lanceolate acute, narrowed to the
base; shortly and closely serrate; 6 in. long, 1 in. wide; dark green
above, sometimes with a white longitudinal bar, covered closely with
short velvety hair; beneath purple with longer hair especially on the
nerves. Peduncles about 1 in. long, villous; pedicels ‘25 in. long; bracts
linear, all villous. Calyx-lobes narrow, lanceolate acute, villous, -125 in.
long. Corolla white or usually pale blue, 1°5 in. long, pubescent ; tube
narrowed at the base, dilated forwards; lobes large, rounded, subequal.
Stamens: filaments filiform, curved; anthers oblong with short lateral
processes. Style and ovary cylindric, pubescent; stigma discoid.
Capsule slender, cylindric, 2 to 3 in. long, pubescent. Cale. Journ. Nat.
Efist. EV. 53, t-) lo, fig. 2; Wall Cat. 779); Spreng. Syst. IL. 837;
-G. Don Gen. Syst. Dichl. Pl. IV. 659; R. Br. in Benn. Pl. Jav. Rav.
DiS andwinwAnn. se. Nat. 2 Xi, 1645 DCr Prodr LX. 2655) Hook
Bot. Mag. t. 4554; El. des Serres, t. 631; Lem. Jard. Fl. t. 87; Migq.
Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 724; Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. V. i. 98, and in
Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 351; Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 505,
and in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 48, 49. Henckelia crinita, Spreng.
Syst. cure post. 138.

Krepaw: Gunong Jerai, Ridley; Tomoh, Machado. Keruantan:
Kwala Lebir, Dr. Gimlette. Punana: Wallich; Helfer 3834; Gaudi-
~chaud 71; West Hill, Curtis 410; Stoliczka; G. King; Deschamps.
Perak: Larut Hills, Scortechint 10294 ; Ridley 2907; King’s Collector
2157; Tapa, Curtis 3781. SELANGor: Ginting Bidai, Ridley 7577.
SuneEI Usone: Bukit Sulu, Cantley. Pananea: Raub Track, Machado
11575 ; Tahan Woods, fzdley 2169. Mazacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1225;
Harvey. Stnaarore: Walker 18; Lobb 311.—Disrris. Sumatra,
Borneo.

Var. Curtisa, Ridley. Leaves oblanceolate, acute, serrate, deep green

760 Flora of the Malayan Pennsula.

with a silvery central bar, covered with long multicellular hairs from a
swollen base on both sides, very dense and longer on the back at the
base and on the buds. Scapes 3 in. long, hairy, slender. Calyx-lobes
oblong, hairy, blunt. Corolla 2 in. long, blue; tube hairy, swollen
upwards ; lobes unequal, 1 in. across the limb. Stigma broad, heart-
shaped.

SELANGOR: near the Gap, Curtis.

Var. elongata, Ridley. Stem tall and somewhat branched.
Leaves scattered, narrow and small; 3 in. long, ‘5 in. wide, hairy.
Flowers small, pale blue, 1 in. long, on slender pedicels 3 in. long or
less, from the lower as well as from the upper axils.

Perak: Tapah, Curtis 3781.

34. DipymMocarpus FASCcIATA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.
No. 43, 50 (1905), Stem woody, 6 to 8 in. tall, with soft hair in the
upper parts. Leaves alternate, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, nar-
rowed to base; 4 to 8 in. long, 1°5 in. wide; margins serrulate crenulate;
above deep velvety malachite green, with a broad central white bar
covered with short scattered hairs ; back, edges, and petiole with longer
pale silky hairs. Pedunecles slender, short, 1:5 in. long, hairy; bract
very small, linear. Calyx-lobes narrow, lanceolate, very small. Corolla
1:5 in. long, cylindric, trumpet-shaped ; white limb edged violet. Cap-
sule very slender, 2 in. long or less, glabrous.

Kepau: Gunong Jerai, Ridley. Panana: Tahan River, in rocky
woods, Fizdley 2169.—Distris. Lingga, Batu Gajah (Mullett).

35. DipyMocarpus veNusTA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.
No. 43, 51 (1905). Stem erect, woody, 12 to 18in. tall. Leaves oblong
lanceolate, subacute, crenulate-serrate, narrowed into the petiole, winged
to the base; 4 to 6 in. long, 1 to 2 in. wide; nerves elevated on both
surfaces, 22 pairs; glabrous above, nerves and midrib ferruginous hairy
beneath. Pedwneles axillary, 1 or 2 in an axil, 7 in. long, hairy; flowers
terminal, 2, large, white; bracts 2, oblong cuspidate, glabrous, -3) tO
‘4 in. long; pedicels hairy, lower one ‘25, upper one ‘din. long. Calyx-
lobes free to base, linear acuminate, pubescent, ‘5 in. long. Corolla
pubescent; tube enlarged upwards, infundibuliform, 1:5 in. long, pure
white with a brown spot on the lower lobes; upper lobes shorter than
lower, rounded; lower lip ‘5 in. long, lobes oblong. Stamens included,
2; filaments filiform; anthers oblong; staminodes filiform, hooked.
Ovary narrow, cylindric, with style ‘5 in. long; all pubescent; stigma
large, cordate. Capsule terete, acuminate, splitting along the upper
edge, glabrous, 2 to 2:5 in. long.

PERAK: Bujong Malacca, Ridley. SELANGoR: Gunong Semangko,
Curtis 3751, .

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 761

Ridley says this beautiful plant hardly belongs to this group. It resembles
much more closely a Didissandra, but has 2 stamens only.

Sect. V. SALICINzE.

36. DipymocarPus DENSIFoLIA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As.
Soc. No. 43, 51 (1905). Stem woody, 3 in. tall. Leaves numerous,
~ crowded, alternate ; lanceolate, acuminate, narrowed to the base, rather
thick in texture, entire, nearly glabrous when adult except for a few
hairs on the midrib; 1:5 to 5 in. long, :25 to 75 in. wide. Peduncles
hairy, slender, 3 in. long, with a few 1-flowered short branches ; bracts
linear, oblong. Calyzx-lobes linear oblong, pubescent. Corolla not seen.
Ovary cylindric, pubescent; style pubescent; stigma small, capitate.
Capsule cylindric, pubescent, 1 in. long, splitting nearly to the tip.

JOHORE: Gunong Janeng, Kelsall.

37. DipyMOCARPUS SALICINA, Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. 2,
III. 829 (1893). A small shrubby plant, 3 to 6 in. tall, simple or
branched, glabrous below, pubescent above. Leaves numerous, crowded
above, opposite; narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous, serrate ;
3 to 4 in. long, 1:5 in. wide; pale green above, reddish beneath ; petiole
slender, 1:5 in. long or less. Peduncles numerous, crowded in the upper
axils, very slender, glabrous, red, 2 in. long; branches few, divaricate,
pubescent ; flowers very small, :125 in. long, pink. Calyzx-lobes very
narrow, linear-pubescent. Corolla campanulate; lobes ovate acute.
Stamens 2; filaments short, slender; anthers reniform. Style longer
than the corolla, glabrous; stigma small, capitate. Capsule cylindric,
acuminate, ‘7d in. long. Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.
No. 48, 52.

Panane: Tahan River, Ridley 2166. On stream-banks in woods.

38. DiIDYMOCARPUS SERRATIFOLIA, Ridley. Stem woody, 6 in. long
or less. Leaves numerous, lanceolate acute, narrowed at base, not
petioled ; strongly toothed ; teeth :125 in. long, acute ; nerves 40 pairs ;
8 in. long, 1 in. wide; glabrous above, midrib with pale hairs
beneath. Scape slender, hairy, 3 in. long; flowers 4 or 5, nearly sessile.
Calyx-lobes ovate, short hairy. Corolla trumpet-shaped, ‘75 in. long,
narrowed at base, dilated upwards; lower lip longer than upper one;
‘25 in. wide, 3-lobed, side lobes rounded, median longer, oblong ; white
stained with purple outside, yellow in the mouth. Capsule very slender,
over 1 in. long, pubescent, pedicelled. D. serrata, Ridley in Journ. Str.
Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, 52, not of R. Br.

Perak: Larut Hills on rocks in dense forest, below the Tea Gardens,
at about 1000 ft. alt., Ridley 11922.

3

762 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

39. DIDYMOCARPUS PECTINATA, Clarke in Herb. Kew., ex Oliver
in Ic. Pl. t. 2246 (1892). Small shrubby plant, 6 in. or more tall,
branched or simple. Leaves densely crowded at the top, glabrous,
deeply pectinate, 6 to 7 in. long; lobes ‘4 in. long, ‘125 in. wide at the
base, blunt. Pedwncles from the upper axils several, pubescent, 2 in.
long. Calyx ‘‘ dark blue.” Corolla white, tomentose, ‘3 in. long; tube
cylindric, slightly inflated; upper lobe obovate, rounded. Stamens 2;
filaments curved; anthers oblong; staminodes absent. Disk tubular.
Capsule ‘5to ‘75 in. long, pale, glabrous, rather thick, curved. Ridley
in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe. No. 43, 53.

PERAK : on limestone rocks at 400 to 800 ft. alt., King’s Collector .
10711. Senancor: Rawang, Ridley 7579; Kelsall 1981.

Sect. VI. AcAULES.

40. DipyMocaRPuS VIOLACEA, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII.
509 (1895). ootstock short, erect; stem 1 in. long, densely woolly.
Teaves numerous, very unequal, ovate to lanceolate, acute, narrowed
at the base, oblique, toothed; densely softly hairy; 2 to 8 in. long,
1:25 to 2°5 in. wide; sessile or petioled; petiole as much as
2in. long. Panicles 2 to 5 in. long, lax; branches slender, pubescent.
Calyz-lobes oblong, lanceolate, :125 in. long, glabrous. Corolla-tube
trumpet-shaped, curved, ‘5 in. long, violet ; upper lobes short, recurved,
lower ones ‘25 in. longer. Stamens 2; filaments filiform. Ovary long,
terete; style short; stigma clubbed. Capsule glabrous, cylindric,
‘75 in. long.

Perak: Hermitage Hill at 5000 ft. elevation, on rocks in the
stream, Ridley 2909.

41. Dipymocarpus Lacunosa, Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 7236 (1892).
Stemless. Leaves crowded, oblong or ovate, cordate, tomentose,
crenulate, 2 to 4 in. long, 1:5 to 3 in. across; above pubescent,
beneath rusty tomentose, especially on the elevated nerves ; petiole 2 to
4 in. long, rusty tomentose. Scapes 4 to 6 in. long, 2- to many-flowered,
simple or 3-or 4-branched at the top; branches ‘d in. long; flowers
nodding. Corolla 1 in. long, deep violet blue ; tube narrow at the base,
gibbous, inflated upwards; lobes short, rounded, subequal. Stamens
included, curved, swollen near the base, narrowed upwards; anthers
elliptic, not horned; staminodes filiform, one-third as long. Pvstzl
linear, pubescent, gradually narrowed into the style ; stigma very shortly
bifid. Capsule 2 in. long, linear. Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As.
Soc. No. 43, 54.

Kepau: Lankawi island, at Terutau, on damp rocks, Curtis 1655.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 763

42. DipyMocARPUS PERDITA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc.
No. 43, 54 (1905). Stem creeping, woody, about 4 in. long. Leaves
elliptic obtuse, rounded, peltate; margins crenulate; 3 in. long, 1:5 in.
wide ; above scabrid and sprinkled over with hairs, beneath glabrous
except for the midrib and nerves, which are hairy with appressed hairs ;
margin with hairs on the crenulations; petiole 1 to 2 in. long, hairy.
Peduneles slender, 4 in. long, subterminal, hairy. Calyx-lobes lanceo-
late, pubescent. Corolla not seen. Capsule ‘5 in. long, narrowed
suddenly into the style and only splitting as far as the base of the
style ; stigma subbilobed, large.

SINGAPORE: Selitar, very rare, Ridley.

Ridley found two plants of this together in a small ravine near Selitar in 1889,
one in fruit. Since then the locality has been destroyed by cultivation, and the
plant has disappeared and is probably extinct.

43. DipymMocarpus puNcTICULATA, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc.
XXXIT. 510 (1895). Almost stemless. Leaves crowded, elliptic or
obeuneate or nearly oblanceolate, inzequilateral, base truncate; crenate,
puncticulate, hispid; 3 in. long, 1:5 in. wide or smaller ; nerves beneath
elevated, hairy. Peduncles subterminal, 3 in. long, slender, thickening
in fruit, hairy. Calyz-lobes lanceolate, acute, ‘06 in. long, hairy.
Corolla :25 in. long, hairy, violet ; tube short, broad campanulate ; lower
lip longer than the upper one; lobes oblong obtuse. Stamens very
short; filaments thick; anthers large, conic, shield-shaped; style
longer, pubescent. Capsule ‘5 in. long, thick, hispid.

JOHORE: Gunong Panti, Rzdley.

44. DIDYMOCARPUS HETEROPHYLLA, Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soe.
Ser. 2, III., 329 (1893). Stem short with a long woody root, woolly
above. Leaves crowded, very variable in size, obovate, oblique or
lanceolate, crenulate, obtuse; 4 in. long, 1°5 in. wide or less ; above dark
green, purplish in the centre, glabrous, beneath reddish ; nerves raised,
covered with red wool on the back. Peduncles slender, hairy, 3 in.
long ; branches short and few ; flowers few, small. Calyx-lobes linear,
pubescent, ‘125 in. long. Corolla campanulate, -25 in. long, violet,
pubescent. Style longer, pubescent. Capsule cylindric, curved,
acuminate, 1 in. long, glabrous, splitting for nearly the whole length.
Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, 56. -

Panane: Tahan River, Adley 2170. JoHore: Gunong Janeng,

Kelsall.
| 45. DipyMocarpus PuminaA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.
No. 48, 56 (1905). Stem slender, woody, 1 to 3 in. long. Leaves
crowded at the top, elliptic obovate, obtuse, narrowed at the base and

764 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

inequilateral; -5 to 1:5 in. long, ‘25 to 1 in. wide; above silky pubes-
cent, beneath dotted with swollen hair-bases; nerves about 6 pairs,
elevated, hairy with appressed hairs. Peduncles slender, erect, purple,
with silky appressed white hairs, 2 to 3 in. tall, subterminal ; flowers
1 to 2, terminal, very shortly pedicelled; bract linear, purple. Calyx-
lobes linear, purple, pubescent. Corolla °25 in. long, with a short
broad tube, pubescent, purplish-white, hardly bilabiate ; lobes rounded,
pinkish white. Stamens 2; filaments slender, short, filiform. Ovary
slender, cylindric ; style longer than stamens ; stigma discoid. Capsule
‘75 in. long, terete, upceurved, splitting along the upper edge, minutely
pubescent.

SELANGOR: the Gap—Semangko Pass, alt. 3000 ft., Curtis 3782 ;

Burn-Murdoch.
AFFINITY DOUBTFUL.

46. DipymMocarpPus Linacina, Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soe. Ser. 2, ITI.

330 (1893). Stem 12 to 15 in. long, entirely leafy, brown-pubescent.
' Leaves alternate, spreading, lanceolate, crenate dentate, pubescent,
dark green ; 4 in. long, 1 in. wide; petiole 1 in. long. Pedzcels numer-
ous, rising from the petiole near the leaf-blade, slender, -25 in. long,
pubescent. Calyx-lobes very short, lanceolate, hispid. Corolla campanu-
late, rosy-violet, sparingly pubescent; lobes oblong, rounded. Stamens
2; filaments thick, with slender base; anthers reniform. Style shorter
than the corolla, pubescent; stigma capitate. Capsule -65 in. long,
rather thick, cylindric, with a short beak. Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R.
As. Soc. No. 48, 57.

PawHAne: Tahan River, Ridley 2165.

5. Curreita, Buch.—Ham.

Herbs or slender shrubs. Leaves opposite, often unequal or
whorled or alternate ; elliptic or ovate. Peduncles axillary, 1- or more
flowered; bracts free or connate, small or large. Calyx 5-lobed, with
acute lobes, usually large. Corolla infundibuliform or tubular-ventri-
cose, blue or white, 2-lipped; lobes rounded. Stamens 2; filaments
filiform, geniculate; anthers rounded, connivent, often hairy. Disk
annular. Ovary cylindric, linear; style usually long; stigma ovate or
narrow, bifid. Capsule long, cylindric—Distr1B. Species about 26,
in India, China, and Malaya.

Bracts free :—
Stems 2 ft. high; leaves ovate; corolla 1 in. long, claret-
coloured - 5c fe Se oo) fy Gaelatan
Stems under 2 ft. high ; corolla blue or violet, rarely white: —

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 765

Leaves ovate :—

Corolla 1:5 in. long, azure blue; stems 1 ft. high ormore.. 2. C. caliginosa.
Corolla -75 in. long, violet with darker streaks; stems
under 1 ft. high Se ae ays .. od. CG. viola.
Leaves lanceolate ; corolla blue, rarely white Ae -. 4. @: ‘sericea:
Bracts connate ; leaves ovate; corolla blue or violet :—
Corolla-tube *5 in. long se ure 26 .. 5d. GC. rupestris.
Corolla-tube 1 in. long ate ays 2 .. 6. C. Glasgovii.

DousprFruL SPECIES.
7. C. mollissima.

1. Currita ELATA, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 518 (1895).
A tall rough herb, 2 ft. high. Stemangled, branched. Leaves 3 to 6 in.
long, 1:5 to 3 in. wide, ovate, inequilateral, acute, toothed; with
elevated nerves, hispid ; petioles slender, lin. long. Cymes lateral, axil-
lary, 3 in. long, hispid. Calyx-lobes lanceolate acuminate, hairy, 125 in.
long. Corolla funnel-shaped, hairy, 1 in. long, claret colour; lobes
short, rounded, subequal, ‘5 in. across. Stamens 2; filaments slender ;
anthers oblong ; staminodes short, with abortive anthers. Ovary short,
pubescent; stigma peltate, sub-bilobed. Capsule straight, cylindric.
Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, 57.

Perak: Lartt Hills, Wray 2985 ; Curtis 2038; Ridley 2911.

2. CHIRITA CALIGINOSA, Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. V. i. 122 (1883).
A soft herb, 1 ft. or more tall, often branched. Leaves opposite; ovate
acuminate, base broad or cuneate, very inequilateral; margins entire
or slightly toothed; 2°5 in. long, 1 to 2 in. wide; closely pubescent ;
petiole ‘5 in. long. Flowers several, axillary; pedicels ‘d to 1 in. long,
pubescent. Calyz-lobes lanceolate acuminate, hairy, 5 in. long.
Corolla 1-5 in. long, azure blue; tube narrow at the base, broadly
infundibuliform at the apex, pubescent; lobes large, rounded, ‘75 in.
across the lips. Stamens 2; anthers globose, covered with long hairs
at base. Style slender, pubescent ; stigma bilobed, lobes linear. Capsule
3 in. long, slender, cylindric, curved. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IY.
360; Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 516, and in Journ. Str. Br.
R. As. Soc. No. 438, 58.

Perak: Kuala Dipang, Curtes 3109; Batu Kuran, Scortechina 1582
SELANGOR: Kuala Lumpur caves, Beccarz; Curtis 2359.

3. Curerita vioua, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 516 (1895).
A herb, 2 to 10 in. tall, pubescent. Leaves ovate acute, crenate or ser-
_ rate or entire, very unequal, 2 to 6 in. long, 1‘5 to 3 in. wide; petiole
"125 in. long. Cymes short, few-flowered ; flowers small; pedicels ‘d in.
long. Calyz-lobes lanceolate, acute, hispid, nearly -125 in. long.
Corolla -75 in. long, violet; tube narrow at the base, thin, dilated,

766 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

trumpet-shaped ; upper lobes short, rounded, lower ones ovate obtuse,
longer, median one longest, elliptic, all violet with darker streaks and a
patch of yellow glandular hairs in the mouth. Stamens 2, exsert;
anthers yellow, ovoid, with a thickened connective, ciliate at the base,
with a black spot on each anther; filaments attached to the mouth of
the tube. Ovary pubescent; stigma obliquely bifid ; lobes linear, obtuse.
Capsule terete, acute, 1:5 in. long, minutely pubescent. Ridley in Journ.
Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, 59.

Kepau: Lankawi Islands, Curtis 2570.—Distris. S. Siam, on
limestone rocks.

4, CHIRITA SERICEA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43,
59 (1905). Herb, 3 to 6 in. tall, simple or branched, woolly. Leaves
alternate, lanceolate, acute or acuminate, base unequal, cuneate; 2 to 3 in.
long, ‘5 in. wide ; margins entire; both sides densely covered with short
silky hairs; petiole -25 to 1 in. long. Flowers 1 to 2, axillary; pedicels
‘OS in. or less, silky-hairy, ebracteolate. Calyx-lobes narrow, linear
acuminate, densely silky-hairy. Corolla blue, rarely white; tube half
as long again as sepals; lobes broader, unequal, oblong, all hairy.
Style slender, glabrous; stigma bilobed, lobes elliptic. Capsule cylin-
dric, 1:5 in. long, silky-hairy. .

Perak: Ipoh, limestone rocks, Curtis 3181.

Var. Scortechini, Ridley, lc.

Capsule shorter, ‘6 in. tong, and thicker, :125 in. through, splitting
longitudinally into 2 valves. Corolla-tube straight ; lobes of lower lip
broad. .

PerRAk: Scortechint 102, 112.

5. CHIRITA RUPESTRIS, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43,
59 (1905). A herb, about 4 to 10 in. tall. Stem simple or branched,
glabrescent. Leaves opposite or alternate, thin, ovate obtuse ; 1 to 3 in.
long, ‘5 to 2°5 in. wide; above sprinkled with multicellular hairs.
Flowers axillary, 1 to 2, sessile, on a peduncle ‘d in. long, hairy,
enclosed in a green cupular bilobed bract ‘5 in. long ; edges recurved and
covered with multicellular hairs. Calya-lobes narrowly lanceolate,
hairy, nearly ‘5 in. long. Corolla-tube as long as the _ bract,
hairy, blue, little longer than the calyx-lobes, rounded. Ovary and
style slender, hairy. Capsule cylindric, slender, curved, 2°5 in. long.

Kepau: Lankawi, on damp rocks, Curtis 2120.

6. Currita GuaAscovu, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 48,
60 (1905). A weak herb, 1 ft. tall, branched. Leaves ovate obtuse,
thin; 1 to 3 in. long, ‘75 to 2 in. wide; base rounded, retuse; nerves
5 pairs, alternate; above sprinkled with multicellular hairs, beneath
paler with a few hairs on the nerves, otherwise nearly glabrous ; petiole

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 767

slender, 1 to 2 in. long, glabrous. Bract convolute, bilobed; lobes
ovate, hairy, 1 in. long. Calyzx-lobes lanceolate acuminate, narrow,
hairy, ‘5 in. long. Corolla-tube 1 in. long, minutely hairy, dark violet.
Capsule cylindric, curved, 3 in. long, glabrous.

Psrak: Waterloo near Kuala Kangsa, C. Robertson-Glasgow.

DousBtTFuL SPECIES.

7. CHrRITA MOLLIssImA, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 517
(1895). Nearly stemless. Leaves congested, lanceolate, acute, obscurely
minutely serrate, silvery-tomentose ; 6 to 8 in. long, 1:25 to 2 in. broad.
Flowers pedicelled, drooping, axillary, few, handsome; pedicels some-
what thick, woolly, 1 in. long. Calyz-lobes lanceolate, acuminate,
equal, ‘5 in. long, tomentose. Corolla funnel-shaped, more than | in.
long, oblong, obtuse ; the upper lobes short, rounded, violet, the lower
wider; the tube white in the throat, with glandular hairs above the
anthers. Stamens 2; filaments broad, curved; anthers broad, thick.
Pistil pubescent, emerald green, little exsert; the ovary cylindric,
attenuated in the style; stigma 2-lobed, pubescent, decurved. Capsule
1 in. long, broad, thick, glabrous or pubescent.

SIAMESE SrTaTes: Pangah, Curtis 2944.

6. TETRAPHYLLUM, Griff.

Undershrubs ; stem elongate, with leaves crowded towards the apex.
Leaves opposite or in whorls of 4, nearly sessile, ovate, unequal-sided.
Cymes capitate or lax from the axils of the upper leaves; bracts elliptic,
oblong or lanceolate. Calyx somewhat large, 5-partite, obscurely
2-lipped. Corolla widely funnel-shaped, more or less 2-lipped ; lobes 5,
subequal, ovate. Stamens 2, fertile; filaments short, filiform, often
spirally twisted ; anthers 2-celled ; apex submucronate; cells oblong or
ellipsoid, parallel or divergent; staminodes very minute. Ovary
ellipsoid, acute; style linear; stigma small, capitate, sub-bilobed ;
placente parietal, 2-lamellate; ovules very numerous. Capsule ovate
or lanceolate, dehiscing both loculicidally and septicidally; having
2 ribs united at the tip and the placentz split into 2 lamelle. Seeds
very minute, ellipsoid; testa reticulate—Distris. 2 species, one Indian,
the other of the Malay Peninsula.

TETRAPHYLLUM ROSEUM, Stapf ex Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soe.
XXXII. 524 (1895). Leaves opposite, closely approximate, the end

ones subverticillate, usually in fours; elliptic or obovate-elliptic, obtuse
eit apex, narrowed at base; crenate-denticulate ; above green, shining,
bullate, pilose; beneath pale, punctulate, pilose on the nerves; 2:5
to 3:5 in. long, 1:75 to 2:25 in. broad; petiole -15 to -2 in. long.

768 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Cymes few-flowered, from the axils of the last 3 or 4 leaves, collected in
a terminal inflorescence 1 in. long ; bracts oblong or lanceolate ; pedicels
slender, about -2 in. long. Calyx deeply 5-fid, scarcely ‘5 in. long ;
lobes ovate acute; tube obscurely 5-angled, glabrous. Corolla
glabrous ; tube nearly -5 in. long, white, curved; limb pink, bilabiate,
upper lip erect, 2-lobed, lower lip 3-lobed, lobes rounded. Stamens
included; filaments filiform, spiraily twisted, glabrous; anthers ad-
hering at the apex, with a thick connective; cells oblong, divergent at
base. Ovary oblong, puberulous; style as long as ovary; stigma
capitate, sub-bilobed ; placentze 2-lamellate ; the lamella densely ovule-
bearing. Capsule ovate-oblong, ‘3 to ‘5 in. long, as long as the per-
sistent calyx.
SIAMESE STATES: Pungah, Curtis.

7. Loxocarpus, Br.

Herbs, scapigerous. Leaves ovate or oblong, petiolate, pubes-
cent. Flowers 1 or more in a peduncled cyme, blue. Calyx-lobes
5, free to base or nearly so. Corolla campanulate, small, hardly bila-
biate; lobes rounded. Stamens 2; filaments short, thick, sinuate;
anthers reniform, large. Ovary oblong; style longer than stamens;
stigma capitate. Capsule follicular, conic, dehiscing along the upper
edge.—Distris. Species 7, of the Malay Peninsula and Borneo.

Flowers 1 or 2 on slender silky scapes 2 to 2°5 in. long .. L. ZL. semitorta.
Flowers few or numerous on dichotomously branched viscidly
hairy peduncles :—

Peduncles 2 to 4 in. long; flowers few or numerous; capsule

ovoid .. oe 57 50 2: .. 2. L. ineana.
Peduncles 6 to 12 in. long; flowers numerous; capsule cornicu-
late .. a0 a: 3c oe .. 3 LL. cerulea.

1. Loxocarpus semiTorTA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc.
No. 43, 61 (1905). Stemless. Leaves numerous; ovate or oblong, obtuse,
rather thick, base broad; ‘3 to 1 in. long, ‘25 to ‘75 in. wide; above
green silky, beneath with thick red-woolly raised nerves; petiole
1 to 2°5 in. long, thick, red-woolly. Scapes slender, 2 to 2°5 in. long,
silky; flowers 1 or 2. Calyz-lobes lanceolate, hairy, :125 in. long.
Corolla ‘5 in. long ; tube broad, oblique, pale blue with violet streaks in
the throat; lobes very short and indistinctly marked. Stamens: fila-
ments short, curved; anthers reniform, purple. Ovary and style hairy,
shorter than corolla, larger than stamens. Capsule ‘25 in. long, horn-
shaped, acuminate with the persistent style; base swollen. Dzdymo-
carpus semitorta, Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan V. i. 99, and in Hook. f.
Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 352.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 769

Mazacca: Mount Ophir, Griffith (K.D.) 3836; Maingay (K.D.)
1220; Ridley 3184, and all collectors. On rocks in the stream.
“The Mount Ophir Violet.”

2. LoxocarPus IncANA, R. Br. in Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. 115, 120
(1840), and Ann. Nat. Sci. XIII. 2, 167. Stemless. Leaves ovate,
cordate, serrulate, subacute, silky-tomentose above and beneath ;
1 to 3 in. long, 75 to 1°5 in. wide; petiole ‘75 to 1 in. long. Peduneles
2 to 4 in. long, above dichotomously branched, viscid-hairy; flowers
few or numerous. Calyx-lobes lanceolate, pubescent, hairy, white
tinted green. Corolla-tube straight, thick; upper lobes oblong, recurved,
lower lobes oblong, blue. laments straight. Pzstil conic; style
stout; stigma capitate. Capsule ovoid; tip upcurved, hairy. Maiq. FI.
Ind. Bat. II. 737. Z. alata, A. DC. Prodr. IX. 277. Didymocarpus
encana, Benth. and Hook. f. Gen. Pl. II. 1022; Clarke in DC. Monog.
Phan. V. 98, and in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 352; Ridley in Journ.
Linn. Soc. XX XII. 5121, and in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, 62.
Loxonia ? alata, Wall. Cat. 809.

PENANG: Government Hill, Waterfall, Curtzs 297; Mazngay (K.D.)
1228; Wallich 809. Prrax: Hermitage Hill, Ridley; Bujong Malacca,
fiidley 9782. Snuancor: Bukit Kutu, Ridley.

3. LOXOCARPUS CHRULEA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43,
62 (1905). Stemless or nearly so. Leaves several ; ovate ; base cordate ;
serrate, inequilateral; 2 to 6 in. long, 1:5 to 4 in. wide; silky-hairy
above, tomentose beneath; petiole 2 to 8 in. long, pubescent. Pedun-
cles 6 to 12 in. tall, viscid-hairy; cymes compact or branched with 2 or 3
branches 2 in. long; flowers numerous; bracts lanceolate, narrow.
Calyx-lobes lanceolate, narrow, shorter than the tube. Corolla pubes-
cent, 2-lipped, -4 in. long and wide; tube short, broad, campanulate ;
upper lobes oblong obtuse, lower ones truncate, median one longer,
blue with a violet mouth. Stamens exsert; filaments suddenly thick-
ened in the middle, sigmoid; anthers connate, deep violet. Style
slender. Capsule ‘4 to ‘5 in. long, lanceolate acute, horn-shaped,
upeuryed, viscid. Didymocarpus cerulea, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soe.
XXXII. 513. :

Perak: Larut Hills, at 5000 ft. alt., Radley; King’s Collector 6990;
Scortechint 1427; Gunong Bubu, Wray 3809. Sepancor: Bukit
Hitam, Kelsall.

8. Parasaa, Ridley.

Herbaceous plants or with a shrubby stem. Leaves usually ina
rosette, tomentose or hairy. Flowers small, white or pink, in simple or
panicled cymes; peduncle usually long. Calyx small. Corolla white

770 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

explanate, campanulate, with a very short tube, distinctly 2-lipped or
nearly regular; lobes equal, oblong or unequal, blunt. Stamens
2, fertile; filaments thick, short; anthers large, 2-celled, connivent by
the tips. Disk none. Ovary sessile; style longer than the stamens,
stout; stigma small, capitate. Capsule straight, narrow, slender, not
twisted, splitting longitudinally: Distrrs.—Species about 20. Siam-
Malaya.

Corolla-tube, campanulate:— Sect. I. CampanuLatTm :—
Corolla *5 in. long :—
Flowers many in large spreading panicles; leaves sparingly
hispid, opposite A0 30 .. L. P. cordata.
Flowers solitary or few on slender eodunolery —
Peduncles subterminal ; leaves opposite, ovate :—
Leaves hairy on margins and on midrib and nerves

beneath ; peduncles 1-flowered oo . 2. P. campanulata.
Leaves quite glabrous; peduncles branched dichote:
mously, branches l-flowered .. .. 3. P. Scortechinit.
Peduncles sce ; leaves crowded at apex of stem,
lanceolate . 00 .. 4. P. cerulea.
Corolla under 5. in. long ; Homers few; crowed d. P. pyroliflora.
Corolla-tube not campanulate, very short :—Sect. II. Baunae —
Corolla-lobes equal or subequal, if slightly 2-labiate the
lower lip hardly longer than the upper :—
Flowers in compact umbels or cymes on pedicels °5 in.
long or less at the apex of the peduncles :—
Leaves not purple beneath, in a basal rosette ; stem 0:—
Flowers umbellate, pedicels -5 in. long; leaves ochre-
yellow beneath ae : .. 6. P. capitata.
Flowers in compact scorpio cymes ; ieanes pale
beneath : . 7. P. ferruginea.
Leaves purple honcathy crowded ‘at the apex of a short
stem ; flowers umbellate, pedicels :25 in. long .. 8. P. regularis.
Flowers at the apex of slender cyme-branches 1 to 3 in.
long :—
Leaves ochreous-tomentose beneath in a basal rosette;
stem 0 .. teetOn .. 9. P. polita.
Leaves red-woolly ewenthe steaks Qi in. Jong - .. 10. P. vulpina.

Corolla lobes distinctly unequal, these of lower lip
longer than those of upper :— 5
Calyx-lobes lanceolate; leaves obovate, coarsely toothed,
dull green; corolla :25 in. across .. BC Pape Wl So 0 LC
Calyx-lobes oblong or linear oblong obtuse :—
Leaves oblong-elliptic, sparsely hairy; corolla ‘5 in.
across whe OG O06 ae -» 12. P. Curtisit.
Leaves obovate, arachnoid on both sides, yellowish
beneath ; corolla °25 in. across .. 00. .. 13. P. obovata.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. i if

1. ParaBa@a corpata, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43,
64 (1905). A tall herb, 2 ft. high; stem pubescent. Leaves opposite,
ovate acuminate, ineequilateral at base, dentate, sparingly hispid above
and beneath ; nerves 10 pairs, hairy beneath ; 6 to 7 in. long, 4 in. wide ;
petiole 1 in. long. Peduncles stout, 6 to 8 in. long, pubescent, bearing
a spreading panicle 4 to 6 in. long; bracts in pairs at the base of each
bifurcation, ovate, glabrous, °125 in. long ; pedicels slender, ‘5 in. long,
glabrous. Calyx-lobes lanceolate, free to base, glabrous, °5 in. long.
Corolla campanulate, ‘5 in. long, white tinted violet ; lobes short, equal,
rounded, with 2 rows of glands on each. Stamens2; filaments short; —
anthers subglobose, large ; staminodes minute. Ovary slender, glabrous.
Capsule sausage-shaped, 4-angled, 1:5 in. long, glabrous, rather thick,
splitting on two sides. Seeds minute, deep red, oblong. Dzdymocarpus
cordata, Jack; R. Br. Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. 119; Ann. Se. Nat. 2, XIII.
164; Wall. Cat. 781; DC. Prodr. IX. 265; Migq. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 726 ;
Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. V. 84, t. 9, and in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV.
300; Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 514.

Penane: Wallach 781; Maingay (K.D.) 1224; W. Fox; Curtis 452.
Perak: Lartt Hills, Scortechint 296, 400; Audley 2913, 10682;
King’s Collector 2227, 2331, 6378. Common on rocks at 2000 to 6000
ft. alt.

Var. debilis, Ridley. Rhizome fleshy; stem 6 in. tall, pubescent.
Leaves thin, ovate oblique; base obtuse; apex acute or subacute;
margin crenate dentate; sparingly hispid, 1:5 to 4 in. long, 1 to 2 in.
long. Panicle 4 to 6 in. long, glabrous, weak, few-branched ; branches
short and thin; bracts ovate ; flowers smaller.

Kepaw: Gunong Jerai, Ridley.

Var. ophirensts, Ridley.

Tall and weak. Leaves thin, lanceolate, subacute or acute, narrowed
at the base; 6 in. long, 2 in. wide. Panicle weak, glabrous; bracts
lanceolate ; flowers smaller, white. Capsule smaller, curved, ‘4 in. long.

Mazacca: Mount Ophir, on a big cliff in the forest below Padang
Batu, Ridley 3183.

2. PARABGA CAMPANULATA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.
No. 48, 65 (1905). Stem slender, herbaceous, 1 ft. tall, shortly hairy.
Leaves opposite, in distant pairs, elliptic acute, entire or obscurely
crenulate; above glabrous except the edge fringed with multicellular
hairs ; beneath glabrous except the midrib and elevated nerves about
12 pairs; scurfily hairy; 2°5 to 3:5 in. long, 1:25 in. wide; petiole
seurfy-hairy ‘125 to :375 in. long. Peduncles subterminal, 1°d in. long,
1-flowered, rufous-hairy ; bracts 2, alternate, linear, minute; pedicel
7d) in. Calyx-lobes linear, hairy, ‘125 in. long. Corolla campanulate, °5

772 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

in. long, apparently white; lobes broad, rounded. Stamens 2, very
short; anthers subglobose. Style slender, pubescent. Capsule (unripe)
cylindric, velvety, °75 in. long, including the style.

SELANGOR: above the Gap on the road to the Sempang mine,
3000 to 4000 ft., Curtzs—a single specimen.

A very distinct plant of a weedy habit, with solitary flowers of the type of
P. cordata.

3. ParaBa@A ScoRTECHINI!, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.
No. 48, 66 (1905). Stem herbaceous, glabrous. Leaves opposite; ovate
acuminate; base rounded, ineequilateral; margins crenate; quite glabrous;
nerves 8 pairs ; 3 to 3:5 in. long, 1 to 2:5 in. wide; petiole 5 in. long.
Peduncle slender, erect, subterminal, 3 in. long, glabrous; branches
dichotomous, few, 1 in. long; flowers solitary on the ends of the
branches. Calyz-lobes free almost to the base, oblong obtuse, -125 in.
long, glabrous, fleshy. Corolla campanulate, ‘5 in. long, glabrous ;
lobes rounded. Anthers broad, elliptic ; filaments very short.

Prerak: Scortechint (no number or locality).

A single incomplete specimen. The plant is allied to P. cordata, of which it has
quite the flowers, but is quite glabrous.

4, PARABGA CHRULEA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43,
66 (1905). Stem woody, 3 to 4 in. long, ‘125 in. through. Leaves
crowded at the top, narrowly lanceolate, linear acuminate, narrowed
gradually to the base; 4 to 6 in. long, ‘25 in. wide; above dark green,
nearly glabrous; midrib prominent, beneath pale cinnamon colour ;
nerves about 30 pairs joined at the tips. Peduncles slender, axillary,
4 in. long, pubescent, 1- to 2-flowered. Calyx-lobes linear, :125 in. long,
obtuse. Corolla campanulate, ‘5 in. long and nearly as wide at the
base, pubescent, base pale; lobes deep blue, rounded. Stamens 2;
filaments very short, sigmoid; anthers broad, rounded, oblong. Style
fairly stout ; stigma heart-shaped. Capsule very narrow, cylindric, 1 in.
long.

TrineGanu : Bundi, H. Rostado. The upper part of the stem among
the leaves is covered with silvery hairs.

5. PARABGA PYROLIFLORA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.
No. 48, 67 (1905). Stem woody, 3 in. tall or more, pubescent. Leaves
alternate, ovate or ovate lanceolate, acuminate at both ends; 3 to 4 in.
long, 1°5 in. wide; entire; bright green, silky pubescent above, beneath
paler ; petiole over 1 in. long, pubescent. Peduncles several from the
upper axils, erect, 3 to 4 in. long, shortly hairy. Calyx-lobes lanceo- ©
late, short-pubescent. Corolla campanulate, funnel-shaped, white, :4 in.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 773

long; lobes short, rounded. Stamens 2; filaments short and thick ;
anthers large, elliptic. Style thick, curved upwards, longer than the
corolla; stigma very small, capitate. Capsule spreading, 1 in. long,
terete, terminated by rather a long style, glabrous. Didymocarpus
pyroliflora, Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soe. Ser. 2, ITI. 330.

Parane: Tahan river woods, Azdley 2164.

6. ParaBa@a capiTaTa, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe. No. 438,
67 (1905). Stemless or with a stout rootstock. Leaves in a rosette,
orbicular, base rounded, subpeltate; 6 in. long, 5 in. wide; bright
green, glabrous above, ochre-yellow beneath ; tomentose ; nerves raised,
reticulate; petiole stout, 2 in. long. Pedwunecle slender, 8 in. tall;
flowers numerous in an umbel on the top, with 2 broad, blunt, oblong
bracts, °25 in. long, below. Pedicels ‘5 in. long. Calyx campanulate ;
lobes linear, oblong, obtuse, °3 in. long, green, hairy. Corolla °5 in.
across ; lobes subequal, rounded, white. Fzlaments very short, straight ;
anthersreniform. Style curved up, longer than corolla, white. Capsule
spreading, linear, straight, beaked, 1-5 in. long.

Perak: Bujong Malacca, Curtis 3215; Kamuning, Machado. On
limestone rocks. :

Var. oblongiflora, Ridley. Leaves oblong, narrowed at the base.

Perak: Kuala Dipang and Sungei Siput, Curtis 3107; Tambun
Ridley 9832; Batu Kuran, Scortechini 1581; Goping, King’s Collector
456, 4325.

7. PARAB@A FERRUGINEA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.
No. 43, 68 (1905). Stemless or nearly so. Leaves in a rosette, ovate
cordate, obtuse, crenulate; above covered with scattered hairs, below
tomentose with longer hairs, paler ; nerves elevated; 3 in. long, 2°5 in.
wide; petiole 1:5 to 2 in. long. Pedunecles 3 in. long, ferruginous-
tomentose ; cyme compact, scorpioid, ferruginous-hispid. Calyz-lobes
as long as the corolla, green, ferruginous-hispid, lanceolate. Corolla-
tube very short; limb explanate, not bilabiate; lobes broad, obovate,
obtuse, subequal and similar, white or tinted with rose. Stamens 2,
short; filaments broad, spathulate, thick; apex 3-toothed; anthers
conic, connate by the tips. Ovary conic; stigma rounded, entire,
- discoid.

Kepan: Lankawi, on damp rocks, Curtis 2566.

8. PARABG@A REGULARIS, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc.
No. 43, 68 (1905). Stem woody, 1:5 in. long. Leaves crowded at the top,
very unequal, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, base cuneate inequilateral; mar-
gins crenulate; dark green, glabrous above, purple, minutely tomentose
beneath, with elevated nerves; 3 in. long, 1°5 in. wide; petiole 1:5 in.
long, tomentose. Peduncles slender, pubescent, 1 in. long; branches

774 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

very short and slender, :25 in. long, umbelled, brown-tomentose ; bracts
lanceolate, obtuse; flowers few, very small, very shortly pedicelled.
Calyz-lobes lanceolate, brown-tomentose, as long as the corolla-tube.
Corolla hardly :25 in. across, white; lobes oblong, obtuse, equal, not
bilabiate. Stamens 2; filaments sigmoid, thick ; anthers rounded, ovoid.
Style longer than stamens; stigma capitate. Capsule 5 in. long,
cylindric, scabrid, rather thick, straight. Didymocarpus regularis,
Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 515.

Kepau: Lankawi Islands, Curtis.

9. PaRAB@A POLITA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. BR. As. Soc. No. 43,
69 (1905). Stemless. Leaves in a rosette, ovate, crenate, obtuse; base
rounded ; above deep shining green, beneath ochreous tomentose, with
nerves and nervules reticulate; 1 to 8 in. long, 4 to 4°5 in. wide; petiole
4in. long. Peduncle over 1 ft. long, slender, with brown ochreous fur;
branches few, 3 in. long, umbellate; bracts linear, oblong obtuse,
brown-woolly ; pedicels -25 in. long. Calyx-lobes linear, green, :125 in.
long. Corolla sub-bilobed, ‘5 in. across, white, back tinted pink; lobes
rounded. Stamens 2; filaments thickened at the base; anthers orange,
reniform. Style stout, pink at base, white above; stigma capitate.

PerAK: Bujong Malacca, Curtis 3214 part.

Ridley thinks it is perhaps a hybrid between P. capitata and P. vuipina.

10. ParaBa@a vuupina, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 48,
69 (1905). Stem 2 in. long, thick, covered with red wool. Leaves
elliptic, rounded at each end, crenulate, above sprinkled with pale
multicellular hairs, beneath covered densely with branched rufous hairs
arranged stellately ; nerves beneath strongly elevated, 6 pairs; reticu-
lations elevated; 1:5 to 3 in. long, 1 to 2 in. wide; petiole 1 to 3 in.
long, densely red-woolly. Pedwncles slender, 6 to 8 in. long, red, with
a few branched hairs; branches slender, 1 to 3 in. long, trichotomous ;
bracts very small, linear, obtuse, glabrous. Calyx-lobes narrow, linear,
glabrous. Corolla white, ‘25 in. across; lobes rounded, subequal.
Stamens 2; anthers very large, reniform. Style short, thick. Capsule
cylindric, narrow, glabrous.

Perak: Bujong Malacca, Curtis 3214; Hot Springs, Ipoh, Curtis
3132. On limestone rocks.

11. ParaBa@a LAxA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 48,
70 (1905). Stem very short, woody, thickly brown-tomentose. Leaves
obovate, coarsely crenate-serrate, narrowed at the base into the winged
petiole; 3 to 7 in. long, 2 to 3 in. wide; dull green, densely hairy,
tomentose on both surfaces. Pedwncle slender, 5 to 6 in. long, termin-
ated by a much-branched umbel of slender branches 3 in. long; pedicels

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 775

slender, :125 in. long; flowers numerous; bracts very small. Calyx
shortly 5-cleft ; lobes lanceolate, short, green. Corolla ‘125 in. across,
white or tinted rosy; upper lobes broad, oblong, recurved; lower lip
shortly trifid ; central lobe broadest. Filaments short, swollen in the
middle; anthers yellow, reniform. Stylelonger than stamens. Capsule
linear, cylindric, straight, ‘5 in. long, tipped with the elongate style.

Kepau: Lankawi at Kwah, Curtrs 2571.

12. ParaBpa@a Curtisii, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 48,
70 (1905). Stemless. Leaves oblong, elliptic, crenate, obtuse; 6 in.
long, 2°5 in. wide; above sprinkled with hairs; petiole rufous-hairy,
1:5 in. long. Scapes 10 in. long, rufous-tomentose, bearing an umbel —
of 4 or 5 branches at the top about 2 in. long; bracts at base of umbel
oblong, obtuse, -25 in. long; pedicels short, rufous-tomentose. Calyx-
lobes linear, oblong, obtuse, hairy, 125 in. long. Corolla ‘5 in. across,
white; buds tinted pink; tube very short; limb bilobed; upper lobes
short, rounded, lower lobes larger. Stamens: filaments very short,
thick, curved; anthers reniform, triangular. Style much longer than
stamens, bent. Ovary cylindric; stigma wide, discoid. Capsule
(unripe) cylindric, acuminate, straight.

PerAK: Bujong Malacca, Curtis 3214.

13. ParaBa@a opovaTa, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 48,
71 (1905). Stem short. Leaves crowded at the top, thin, obovate,
blunt ; base cuneate ; 3 in. long, 1°5 in. wide; thinly arachnoid on both
surfaces, beneath yellowish; petiole -25 in. long. Peduncle slender,
3 to 6 in. long, glabrous; branches few, terminal; bracts narrowly
oblong, obtuse. Calyx-lobes oblong, obtuse, glabrous. Corolla :25 in.
across; lower lip longer than upper one; lobes oblong, rounded.
Stamens 2; anthers reniform; filaments short and thick. Style short
and thick; stigma capitate.

KepaH: Lankawi, Gunong Chinchang, Cwrtis. One specimen
only seen. :

9. Baa, Commers.

Herbs or shrublets with a woody stem. Leaves opposite or
- whorled, generally on the back. Peduncles axillary, usually elongate,
laxly or compactly cymose or panicled; bracts small; flowers large or
small, blue or white. Calyx of 5 narrow sepals. Corolla widely
campanulate, with a short tube usually distinctly 2-lipped; lobes ovate,
obtuse. Stamens 2, perfect, with short curved thick filaments; anthers
ovoid, coherent ; cells ovoid. Disk absent. Ovary sessile; style as long,
glabrous above ; stigma small, capitate. Capsule slender, cylindric or

776 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

fusiform-cylindric, when ripe spirally twisted. Seeds minute.—DIstTRIB.
Species about 22 in India, Siam, China, and Malaya.

Corolla limb 1°5 in. across, blue; sepals pubescent .. -. L. B. paniculata.
Corolla limb less than 1 in. across :—
Calyx-lobes more or less pubescent :—
Stems 1 ft. or more in height :—

Corolla blue :—
Leaves white beneath .. ate a5 .. 2. B. verticillata.
Leaves yellowish-brown beneath .. Be .. 3. B. cerulescens.
Corolla white Ale Be 5c .. 8. B. suffruticosa.
Stems under 6 in. in height :—
Leaves arachnoid above; corolla rose-pink a .. 5. B. lanata.
Leaves glabrous above .. ae nie -. 6. B. acutifolia.

Calyx-lobes glabrous :—
Leaves arachnoid above ; corolla white with pink mouth .. 4. B. elegans.
Leaves glabrous above :—
Corolla pale lilac Ms Ke 3 .. 7. B. divaricata.
Corolla white Me =- 56 -. 9. B. parviflora.

DovstruL SPECIES.
10. B. patens. 11. B. glabra. 12. B. ferruginea.

1. Baa panicunata, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 519 (1895).
Stem-base woody, 4 in. or more long, ‘d in. thick; above a rosette of
leaves; upper part of stem 1 ft. or more long, stout, deeply grooved,
white-arachnoid; branches numerous, whorled, erect, 6 in. long,
covered with brown wool. Leaves crowded in a rosette at the top of
the woody portion of the stem, lanceolate acuminate, narrowed for a
long distance at the base; 6 in. long, 1 in. wide; above grey arachnoid,
beneath greyish-white with cinnamon-coloured raised nerves. Flowers
numerous ; pedicels ‘5 in. long; bracts 4 or 5 at each whorl of branches,
leafy. Calyz-lobes short, lanceolate, pubescent, 125 in.long. Corolla-
tube very short ; limb 1°d in. wide, blue; lobes large, rounded, unequal.
Filaments short and thick, -25 in. long. Style curved, as long as
stamens. Capsule ‘75 in. long, thick. Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As.
Soc. No. 43, 72°

SELANGOR: limestone rocks, Kuala Lumpur, Kelsall and Rzdley
1970, 1976 and 8226. PrraKk: Sungei Siput, Curtis 3105; Kuala
Dipang, King’s Collector 8271; Batu Kuran, Scortechina 1611. A
superb plant growing in the cracks of limestone rocks.

2. Baa veRTICILLATA, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 519 (1895).
Stem-base woody, 3 in. or more long, nearly 25 in. in diameter; above
herbaceous, 1°d ft. tall, 4-angled, white-arachnoid with branches whorled,
each whorl 3 in. or less apart. Leaves whorled, lanceolate acuminate,
narrowed at the base into a petiole; 4 in. long, ‘75 in. wide or more;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. (sli

above grey-arachnoid, beneath white-arachnoid with raised nerves.
Flowers numerous, blue; bracts leafy, :25 to ‘5 in. long. Calyzx-lobes
lanceolate subulate, arachnoid, -125 in. long. Corolla ‘5 in. wide; lobes
rounded. Stamens very short; anthers pear-shaped. Style much
longer than stamens, straight. Capsule fusiform, acuminate, ‘5 in. long.
Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, 73.

SELANGOR: limestone rocks at Kuala Lumpur, Kelsall, Ridley
1975, 8551.

3. Ba@A CHRULESCENS, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43,
73 (1905). Whole plant over 2 ft. tall; upper part of stem stout,
grooved, woolly. Leaves oblanceolate, subobtuse, narrowed to the base ;
above dark green, densely pubescent, beneath ochreous covered with
felted wool; 6 to 8 in. long, 1:25 to 2 in. wide; petiole winged to the
base or not. Panicle 2 ft. or more long, large ; branches whorled, yellow-
woolly ; bracts below leaf-like, above linear, narrow, yellow. Calyzx-
lobes lanceolate, woolly. Corolla-tube very short; limb °75 in. across,
pale blue, upper lobe shorter ; lobes rounded ; lower lip unequally lobed,
longer, central lobe longest. Stamens 2; anthers reniform, conic,
large; filaments short, curved. Style bent on the cylindric ovary,
pubescent; stigma large, discoid. Capsule thick, glabrous, -75 in.
long.

Perak: Sungei Siput, Curtis 3137; Kinta, King’s Collector 7175,
7062, 8276.

4. Baa ELEGANS, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 522 (1895).
Stem about 6 in. long, woody, decumbent, -125 in. thick, arachnoid.
Leaves whorled in threes, ‘5 to 3 in. apart, lanceolate acute, narrowed
to the base; 1 to 2°5 in. long, :25 to ‘5 in. wide; above grey-arachnoid,
beneath cinnamon-arachnoid. Pedwncles from the upper axils, slender,
glabrous, 6 in. long; cyme terminal, 3 in. long, with few slender
branches. Calyx very short; lobes lariceolate, glabrous. Corolla ‘5 in.
across, with broad rounded lobes, white-pink in the mouth. Anthers
oblong. Style rather short; stigma clubbed. Capsule 1 in. long,
glabrous, linear, acuminate. Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe:
No. 43, 74.

Kepau: Gunong Jerai on granite precipices, Rzdley.

5. Baa tanata, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXIT. 520 (1895).
Stem short, stout, woody, 2 in. long, curved, with white wool. Leaves
crowded, lanceolate acuminate, narrowed into the petiole; arachnoid
above, densely woolly beneath ; 3 in. long, °75 in. wide; petiole woolly,
3 in. long, winged to base. Panicles few, branched, axillary, dense,
1 to 5 in. long. Calyx as long as the corolla-tube ; lobes lanceolate,
woolly outside. Corolla thin, ‘5 to ‘75 in. across, glabrous, rose-pink ;

4

778 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

lobes rounded. Anthers subglobose. Style thick. Capsule ‘5 in. long,
thick, glabrous. Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 438, 74.

Kepau: Langkawi, Dayong Bunting, on limestone rocks, Curtis
2569.

6. Baa acutirouia, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soe. XXXII. 519
(1895). Stem woody, 3 in. or more long, :25 in. through; internodes
‘Din. long. Leaves crowded at the top, oblanceolate, acute, narrowed
to the base; 6 in. long, 1:5 in. wide; above glabrous dotted, beneath
cinnamon-arachnoid. Pazicles axillary, 6 in. long ; peduncles arachnoid ;
branches short, slender. Calyz-lobes 3, lanceolate, acute, -125 in. long,
arachnoid. Capsule cylindric, acute, glabrous, ‘75 in. long. Ridley in
Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, 75.

Kepau: Langkawi, Goa Chinta, Curtis 2791.

7. Baa pivaricata, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, 75
(1905). Stem about 4 in. tall, thick and woody. Leaves in a rosette
on the top, oblanceolate, crenulate, obtuse, narrowed into a winged
petiole ; nerves and nervules beneath elevated, 15 pairs; above glabrous,
beneath covered with a thin brownish tomentum; 7 in. long, 2°5 in.
wide. Peduncles rather stout, terete, smooth, 7 to 16 in. tall ; branches
umbellate, decompound, 1 ft. or more long; pedicels of flowers ‘2 in.
long, covered with brown fur. Calyx-lobes lanceolate, acute, green,
glabrous, shorter than the corolla-tube. Corolla ‘25 in. across, pale
lilac; tube short, dilated; limb bilabiate, lobes rounded. Stamens:
anthers connate, rounded with acute bases; filaments thick, sigmoid.
Style slender; stigma horseshoe-shaped. Capsule cylindric, strongly
twisted, lin. long.

Kepaw: Lankawi, Ayer Hangat, Curtis 3683.

8. Baa suFrrRuticosa, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXIT. 518
(1895). A branching shrub, 1 to 2 ft. tall, with rather slender branches
‘125 in. through, angled, slightly arachnoid. Leaves scattered, lanceo-
late, subacute, narrowed at the base; 3 in. long, ‘d in. wide; above
nearly glabrous, punctate, beneath covered with brownish tomentum ;
nerves conspicuous ; petiole ‘25 to ‘5 in. long. Panicles axillary, dense,
1 in. long, with short branches brownish-woolly; buds brown-woolly.
Calyz longer than the corolla-tube; lobes linear, lanceolate, thick,
tomentose outside. Corolla :25 to -35 in. across, white; lobes short,
oblong, rounded. Anthers oblong, obtuse. Capsule fusiform, very
thick, -25 in. long, tipped with the long style. Ridley in Journ. Str. Br.
R. As. Soc. No. 43, 76.

Kepax: Langkawi, on a small island north of Kwah, Curtis 3682,
2565.

9. Basa parvirtors, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 48,

Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula. rns)

76 (1905). Stem slender, shrubby, branching, covered with ferruginous
tomentum. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate; base cuneate, unequal ;
4 in. long, 1 to 1:25 in. wide; above glabrous, beneath covered with
rusty wool; nerves elevated, 11 pair. Peduncle 6 in. long, slender,
glabrous; panicle umbellate, of 6 slender branches in a terminal whorl ;
branchlets glabrous, numerous, slender; bracts very narrow, linear ;
flowers very small, numerous, white; pedicels slender, 125 in. Calyz-
lobes lanceolate, glabrous, 5. Corolla very small, white; tube very
short; upper lobes subacute, lower ones oblong. Anthers large, reni-
form. Style shorter than anthers. Capsule very slender, cylindric,
‘25 in. long, terminated by the slender style.

Perak: Hot Springs at Ipoh and Sungei Siput, not common,
Curtis 3134; Kinta, King’s Collector 7108. On limestone rocks.

DouBTFUL SPECIES.

10. Baa patens, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXIT. 520 (1895).
Almost stemless. Leaves rosulate, oblong, obtuse, serrulate-crenu-
late, inzequilateral; 4 to 6 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad; upper surface
softly pubescent, lower pale ferruginous-tomentose; petiole 1 in. long.
Pedunele stout, terete, 18 in. long, softly ferruginous-lanate; branches
long, divaricate, 2-forked; primary bracts oblong, :25 in. long,
secondary smaller; cymules scorpioid, few-flowered; flowers small,
white, -125 in. broad; pedicels -06 in. long. Calyx-lobes free to the
base, short, lanceolate, acute, glabrous. Corolla campanulate, glabrous;
lobes 2 oblong-obtuse, 3 ovate-obtuse, shorter and broader. Stamens
with short slender curved filaments as long as tube; anthers large,
oblong. Pzsttl glabrous; ovary cylindric, attenuated into a slender
little-exsert style; stigma small, scarcely dilated. Capsule -5 in. long,
glabrous, very slender.

SIAMESE States: Pungah, Curtis.

11. Baa auapra, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 521 (1895).
A succulent, glabrous herb; stem short, 1 to 2 in. long. Leaves undu-
late, ovate-rotundate, inzequilateral, 6 in. long, 3:5 in. broad or broader ;
petiole 1 to 2 in. long, thick ; upper leaves smaller, opposite. Pedwncles
- subterminal, 3 to 4 in. long, thick; cymes terminal, congested, scor-
pioid, ‘5 in. long; pedicels short. Calyx-tube short, conical; lobes 5,
equal, obcuneate, truncate, -125 in. long. Corolla white, -5 in. broad ;
lobes rounded, obtuse. Stamens 2; filaments sigmoid, broad at the
base, attenuate above; anthers oblong, acute on both sides, rather
large. Style cylindric, thick, glabrous, curved; stigma scarcely thick-
ened, obliquely ovate.

S1aMESE Srates: Pungah, Curtis 3039.

780 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

12. Baa FeRRUGINEA, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 521
(1895). Stemless or with a short thick stem; roots large and thick.
Leaves many, congested, spreading, ovate, cordate, obtuse, crenulate ;
upper surface clothed with sparse hairs, lower green, paler, tomentose,
the raised nerves clothed with long hairs; when dry somewhat black
above, ferruginous-tomentose beneath ; blade 3 in. long, 2°d in. broad ;
petiole 1:5 to 2 in. long. Peduneles 3 in. long, ferruginous-tomentose ;
cyme scorpioid, ferruginous-hispid. Calyx-lobes linear-lanceolate, as
long as the corolla, green, ferruginous-hispid. Corolla :3 to °d in. broad,
white or pink, spreading; lobes broad, equal, obovate-obtuse; tube
very short. Stamens 2, short; filaments broad, spathulate, 3-toothed
at apex; anthers yellow, conical, cuneate at the tips. Ovary conical,
attenuate in a short, curved, cylindric, narrowed style; stigma rather
broader, flat, entire.

Kepau: Langkawi Island, on damp rocks, Curtis 2566.

Ridley remarks that, not having seen the fruit, he is uncertain as to the
genus.

10. Paoytuospa@a, Benth.

Herbs or half-shrubby plants. Leaves opposite, petioled. Cymes
pedunculate, many-flowered ; bracts large, conspicuous ; flowers large,
pink or blue. Calyx large, 2-lipped; one lip 2-lobed, the other 3-lobed
or of 3 large connate sepals. Corolla broadly campanulate, 2-lipped, 3- to
5-lobed. Stamens 2, short; anthers large, rounded. Capsule lanceolate,
at length twisted—DistRis. Species 2, one Burmese, one Malayan.

PHYLLOB@A sPEcrIosA, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 522
(1895). A shrub, 1 or 2 ft. tall; stems white-tomentose. Leaves in distant
pairs, lanceolate-acuminate, 6 in. long, 1:5 in. wide; above glabrous,
beneath white-arachnoid; petiole 1 in. long. Pedwncle stout, lateral,
erect, nearly a foot tall; flowers sessile, scattered ; bracts ovate, lanceo-
late, ‘6 in. long, white-arachnoid. Calyx of 3 sepals, connate,
ovate, oblong, woolly, ‘4 in. long. Corolla 1 in. long, blue; tube
broad ; lobes 3, two oblong-truncate, the third much broader. Stamens
short, not longer than the ovary. Style long, woolly. Capsule 1 in.
long, lanceolate, cylindric, acuminate, woolly.

KepaxH: Langkawi, common on limestone rocks on the small islands,
Curtis 2564.

11. Batca, Clarke.

. Herbs or half-shrubby plants with the habit of Baa. Leaves
oblong, elliptic or lanceolate, more or less tomentose or hairy. Jnflor-
escence racemose or panicled, axillary; flowers small, lilac or white.
Calyz 5-fid. Corolla-tube very short; lobes subequal, rounded. Sta-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 781

mens 4; filaments very short; anthers rounded, connivent. Style
curved, larger than the stamens. Capsule linear cylindric.—DistTRIB.
Species 4 or 5, in Assam, Burma, and the Malay Peninsula.

Ridley says: ‘‘ Most of the few described species are based on flowerless speci-
mens, and are all very similar and closely resemble Bea divaricata in habit, but the
capsule is straight and not twisted. The type-species, however (B. filiformis, Clarke),
has 4.stamens instead of 2. The Malayan one described below differs from these in
habit, and I have seen no fruit, but there is no other genus to which it can be referred
on account of its 4 very short stamens arranged in a circle round the pistil. The
only other genus allied to it is Platystemma, a Himalayan plant with distinctly 2-
lipped flowers.”

Baca BRACHYANDRA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 48, 78
(1905). Stemless. Leaves obovate, serrate, hairy, dark green, obtuse ;
3 in. long by 1:5 in. wide; nerves 6 or 7 pair; covered beneath with
long red hairs; back of leaf punctate. Scape short, few-flowered, about
3 in. long, hairy, unbranched. Calyxz-lobes free nearly to base, linear,
hairy, green, nearly as long as corolla-lobes. Corolla-tube very short ;
lobes broad, rounded, oblong, explanate, subequal, pale lilac, about
‘O in. across. Stamens 4; filaments very short; anthers broad, waxy,
subglobose, connivent round the pistil. Style longer than stamens,
slender, curved, white. Capsule cylindric, narrow, 1 in. long, scabrid,
straight, on pedicels elongated to °5 in.

Kepan: Langkawi, Gunong Chinchang, at Kwala Malacca, Curtis.

Ridley says this plant was found quite dried up in February, 1899, but was
brought in alive and flowered in the Botanic Gardens, Penang.

12. OrcHADocaRPA, Ridley.

Herb or shrublet, with opposite unequal leaves. Flowers small,
blue, racemose or cymose, pedicelled. Calyx-lobes free to base,
narrow-lanceolate. | Corolla-tube short; limb 2-lipped unequally.
Stamens 2; filaments short, exsert, sinuate, glabrous; anthers bilobed,
reniform, connivent by their edges. Ovary hairy, oblong; style short ;
stigma capitate. Capsule oblong, hairy, enclosed in the sepals.—
Distris. One species, Malayan.

ORCHADOCARPA LILACINA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.
No. 48, 78 (1905). Stem short to 4 in. long, stout, woody. Leaves
crowded at the top, long-petioled, thin, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute,
strongly serrate, covered with closely-felted short hairs; base broad, in-
equilateral; 3 to 7 in. long, 1-5 to 3 in. wide; petiole slender, 3 to 6in. long.
Peduncle 3 to 4 in. long, pubescent, villous, bearing a terminal, pubescent,
umbelliform panicle, or simply racemose. Calyx-lobes linear, pubes-
cent, ‘1 to °2 in. long. Corolla pale lilac-blue ; tube very short ; limb dis-

782 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

tinctly bilabiate, upper lip smaller lobes short rounded, lower lip
longer, trifid; median lobe longer than the others, oblong-obtuse,
pubescent across. Stamens 2; filaments from the mouth of the
corolla-tube, thick, twisted at the top; anthers large, reniform. Ovary
oblong, pubescent ; style distinct ; stigma very small, capitate. Capsule
short, oblong, hairy, enclosed in the calyx, beaked.

Perak: Scortechini 406; Gunong Batu Putih, Wray 298, 302.

13. Lepapantuus, Ridley, n. gen.

Herb with fistular stem. Leaves opposite, petioled, ovate, toothed.
Flowers in axillary or terminal, flexuose, distichous racemes. Calyz-
lobes free nearly to the base, ovate acute. Corolla as long as calyx,
bilabiate; upper lobe much the shorter. Stamens 2 fertile; anthers
elliptic. Ovary elliptic; style long; stigma oblique, entire. Capsule
as long as calyx-lobes, loculicidal; placentz thick, elevated. Seeds
very minute, warted.—Distris. One species.

The plant on which the genus is founded has the habit of Rhyncotecum, but
the fruit is capsular.

[Lepapantuus, Ridley, gen. noy. Herbacea, caule fistuloso. folia opposita,
petiolata, ovata, dentata. Flores distichi in racemis axillaribus vel terminalibus
flexuosis. Calycis lobi fere ad basin liberi, ovati, acuti. Corolla calyci xqualis,
bilabiata, labio superiore multo breviore. Stamina 2 fertilia; anthere elliptice.
Ovarium ellipticum, stylo longo, stigmate obliquo, integro. Capsula calycis lobis
squilonga, loculicida, placentis crassis elevatis. Semina minutissima, verrucosa. ]

LEPADANTHUS FLEXUOSA, Ridley, n.sp. A herb, reaching 18 in. in
height ; stem hairy, fistular. Leaves very thin when dry; ovate, sub-
acute, rounded and slightly unequal at base, strongly toothed; 5 in.
long, 4 in. wide; nerves about 8 to 10 pair, hairy; petiole slender,
3 to 4in. long. Racemes several, pubescent, 3 to 4 in. long, including
the 1 to 1:5 in. long peduncle; rachis flexuose with distant alternate
flowers on capillary secund pedicels ‘5 in. long; bracts in pairs, linear,
deflexed, -125 in. long. Calyz-lobes 5, ovate, acuminate, pubescent,
3-nerved. Corolla small; tube short, thick; upper lip bifid, much
shorter than the lower, glabrous. Stamens 2; filaments extremely
short, adnate to the corolla-tube; anthers elliptic. Ovary elliptic;
style pubescent, as long as calyx-lobes or longer; stigma clavate,
oblique. Capsule :25 in. long, oblong, glabrous. Seeds elliptic, dark
red.

KepAH: inside the caves, Gunong Grenong, Fox 3811 (a poor
specimen only). j

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 783

[L. ruexuosa, Ridley, sp.nov. Herba pubescens caule 40-50 cm. alto fistuloso.
Folia siccitate tenuissima, ovata, subacuta, rotundata, ad basin parum inequalia,
dentata; 12 cm. longa, 10 cm. lata; nervi utrinque 8-10, pubescentes; petiolus
gracilis, 7-10 cm. longus. Racemi plures, pubescentes, cum pedunculo 7-10 cm.
longi; rhachis flexuosa, floribus alternis distantibus, pedicellis secundis capillaribus ;
bractee gemine lineares deflexe, 3 mm. longer. Calycis lobi 5, ovati, acuminati,
pubescentes, trinervii. Corolla parva, tubo brevi crasso; labium superius bifidus,
inferiori multo brevius. Stamina 2; filamenta brevissima, tubo corolle adnata.
Ovarium ellipticum ; stylus pubescens, calycis lobis equilongus vel longior ; stigma
clayatum, obliquum. Capsula 6-7 mm. longa, oblonga, glabra. Semina elliptica nigro-
rubra.

Peninsunta Mauayana: in Proy. Kedah in specubus ad Gunong Grenong.|

14. RuyncHoguossum, Blume.

Herbs, succulent and nearly glabrous. Leaves opposite, thin.
Raceme terminal, lax; flowers pendent. Calyx campanulate, toothed
or lobed. Corolla-tube cylindric, narrowed above; limb bilobed; upper
lobe very short bifid, lower much longer, 3-lobed. Stamens 2 perfect,
affixed to the middle of the corolla-tube; anthers connivent; cells
ellipsoid, parallel; staminodes 2, or absent. Disk cylindric. Ovary
ovoid, glabrous; style longer; stigma dilate. Capsule included in the
calyx, ellipsoid, membranous, 2-valved. Seeds narrowly ellipsoid,
smooth.—Distris. Species 2, in India, Malaya and the Philippines.

RHYNCHOGLOSSUM OBLIQUUM, Blume Bijdr. 741 (1826). Succulent
herb, 20 in. tall. Leaves 1 to 3 in long, ‘d to 1 in. wide; glabrous or
nearly so, ovate-acuminate; petiole ‘5 in. long or less.. Hacemes
lax, about 6 in. long; flowers numerous, pale to deep violet; brac-
teoles filiform, ‘1 to -2in. long. Calyx tubular, :25 in. long, enlarged
in fruit; lobes triangular or lanceolate. Corolla ‘6 in. long; lower lip
several times longer than the upper one, subtrilobed. Capsule ellip-
soid, ‘3 in. long. DC. Prodr. IX. 274; Clarke in DC. Monog.
Phan. V. 161, in Comm. & Cyrt. Beng. t. 88, and in Hook. f. Fl. Br.
Ind. IV. 367; Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 438, 79.
R. Blumei, DC. Prodr. IX. 274. Waulfenra intermedia, Wall. Cat. 408.
Loxotis. intermedia, Benth. Scroph. Ind. 57; G. Don Gen. Syst. Dichl.
Pl. 1V"664. L. obliqua, B. Br. in Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. 102, &. 24; Mig.
Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 731, t. 35, fig. 3.

Perak: Larut Hills, For; Batang Padang, Wray 1447, at 2000 ft.
elevation.—Distris. Tenasserim and Malay Islands.

15. HprtHema, Blume.

Small rock-herbs, succulent, pubescent; stems simple or branched.
Leaves few, alternate or opposite above, petioled or sessile; ovate,
usually cordate. Peduncles long, from the upper axils, erect; bract

784 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

single, ovate or cucullate; flowers small, blue or white, in a scorpioid
cyme on short pedicels. Calyx campanulate ; lobes 5, acute. Corolla-
tube short ; limb distinctly 2-lipped; lobes acute or obtuse, subequal.
Stamens : 2 posterior perfect, 2 anterior ones sterile, shorter ; anthers co-
herent. Disk unilateral or almost surrounding the ovary. Ovary
ovoid; style longer; stigma subcapitate. Capsule globose, enclosed in
the enlarged calyx on a thickened and a longer pedicel, splitting trans-
versely (a pyxis). Seeds ellipsoid or oblong, spirally reticulate.
Distrip. Species about 6 Asiatic, all very closely allied, and one
African.

EPITHEMA SAXATILE, Blume Bijdr. 738 (1826). Succulent herb,
3 to 12 in. tall; stem viscid, pubescent. Leaves very variable,
opposite, ovate cordate, denticulate or crenulate, hairy; 1°5 to 6 in.
long, 1 to 5 in. across; petiole 25 to 1:5 in. long. Peduncle 1 to 2 in.
long, viscid; cyme 7d in. across, subtended by a broad sessile truncate
denticulate bract ; flowers numerous, subsessile. Calyx viscid, pubes-
cent, tubular, split about half-way down into 5 narrow lobes °25 in. long.
Corolla-tube as long, straight, white; three upper lobes oblong, obtuse,
tipped with violet; lower two connate, broader, subovate, denticulate,
thinner, pellucid, tipped mauve with darker central spots; mouth of tube
inside hairy. Stamens 4, in 2 pairs; filaments incurved, adnate to the
mouth of the tube, white; anthers 2, oblong, connate, yellowish.
Ovary ovoid, enclosed in a fleshy truncate yellow disk; style stout,
glabrous; stigma capitate. Capsule globose, pubescent, surrounded by
the much enlarged ovate acute sepals and borne on the thickened
elongate to -125 in. pedicel, cireumsciss. Seeds very numerous, brown,
elliptic, fusiform, spirally ribbed. DC. Prodr. IX. 278; Mig. Fl. Ind.
Bat. II. 736; Zoll. Verz. Ind. Archip. 55; Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan.
VY. 178; Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 48, 80.

Kepaw: Langkawi Islands, Curtis 2107. Prrax: Telor Pinang
Ipoh, fiidley; Batu Kuran, Scortechina 1580; King’s Collector 10941 ;
Sungei Ryah, Kunstler 283; Goping, King’s Collector 5872. SELANGOR:
Kuala Lumpur Caves, Ridley 8217. Panane: Kota Glanggi, Ridley.
—Distris. Java, Borneo, Sumatra. On limestone rocks.

16. Monopoyituaa, R. Br.

Succulent herbs with an unbranched stem and one large herbaceous
cordate-ovate sessile leaf. Peduncles numerous, from the leaf-base, with
racemose or cymose inflorescence ; flowers small. Calyx deeply 5-clett ;
lobes elliptic, obtuse. Corolla small, usually white; tube short, cylin-
dric; limb distinctly 2-lipped, lobes 5. Stamens 4 perfect; filaments

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 785

short; anthers cohering in pairs or altogether. Dzsk unilateral or a
complete ring. Ovary 1-locular; style short; stigma capitate. Cap-
sule membranous, enclosed in the enlarged calyx, irregularly splitting.
Seeds oblong, minute, reticulate-—Distris. Species 7, of the Malay
Peninsula and Islands, and Siam.

Leaf glabrous; calyx-lobes not spreading in fruit

Calyx-lobes ovate, rounded; flowers white 3¢ se 1. M. Horsfieldit.
Calyx-lobes lanceolate, acute; flowers white and brown .. 2. M. glabra.
Leaf strigosely hairy; calyx-lobes spreading in fruit He 3. M. patens.

1. Monorppytit#a Horsrieppu, R. Br. in Benn. Pl. Jay. Rar. 121
Gist0), and Ann, Sc: Nat. 2, XIII: 160. Stem 6 in. to 1 ft.
tall. Leaf ovate-cordate, 6 to 12 in. long, 1 to 12 in. wide; glabrous,
glaucous beneath. Racemes 2 to 7, often stout, 9 in. long; flowers
numerous, subsecund; pedicels -25 in. long, glabrous. Calyz-lobes
glabrous, rounded, ovate, ribbed. Corolla-tube short, cylindric ; upper
lip 2-lobed, lower 3-lobed; lobes rounded, white. Stamens 4, didyna-
mous, glabrous; anthers connate. Style short, glabrous; pistil sub-
globose. Capsule globose, enclosed in the enlarged calyx-lobes. Seeds
oblong, brown, reticulate, very numerous. DC. Prodr. 1X. 274; Mig.
Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 731; Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. V. 182, and in Hook.
f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 370; Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, 82.

SeLANGOR: Kuala Lumpur Caves, Curtis ; Beccart. PERAK: Goping,
King’s Collector 443, 515.—Distr1s. Sumatra: Batu Pantih (Forbes
2660); Java (Lobb). On limestone rocks.

2. MoNoPHYLL#/A GLABRA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.
No. 43, 82 (1905). Stem succulent, 6 in. to 1 ft. tall. Leaf ovate-
cordate, obtuse, glabrous; glaucous beneath ; 2°5 to 6 in. long, 2 to 6 in.
wide. Racemes slender, glabrous, 4 to 10, 2 to 8 in. long, lax;
flowers numerous, in pairs; pedicels slender, -25 in. long, spreading,
deflexed. Calyx-lobes :125 in. long in fruit, lanceolate, acute, glabrous,
not spreading. Corolla brown and white. Capsule enclosed in the
sepals, cylindric, oblong.

S1smMEsE States: Kasum, Cwrtzs 3219.

3. MonoPHYLLHA PATENS, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.
No. 48, 82 (1905). Stem 1 to 4 in. long, viscid-hairy. Leaf
ovate-cordate to ovate-lanceolate, strigose, hairy; 6 in. long, 4 to 6
in. across. Racemes slender, 4 to 20, pubescent, 4 to 5 in. long;
flowers in pairs; pedicels slender, pubescent, -25 in. long in fruit.
Calyxz-lobes lanceolate, hairy, spreading in a stellate manner in fruit,
ribbed. Corolla-tube short ; lobes white. Stamens 4, glabrous, didy-

786 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

namous. Ovary ovoid; style short, thick, glabrous. Capsule globose,
glabrous. Seeds numerous, black, tessellated.

SeLancor: Kuala Lumpur Caves, Ridley 8222 ; King’s Collector 7052.
Perak : Kinta, Curtis 3136; Sungei Siput, Curtis 3135; Batu Kuran,
Scortechint 1574, 1579; Goping, Kunstler 449. On limestone rocks.

17. STAURANTHERA, Benth.

’ Herbs, succulent, pubescent. Leaves alternate, the opposite ones
reduced, falcate, elliptic, acuminate, inequilateral. Cymes peduncled,
lax ; bracts small; flowers medium-sized, showy. Calyx campanulate ;
lobes 5. Corolla campanulate, rounded ; tube short, shortly spurred or
gibbous ; limb 2-lipped; lobes rounded, nearly equal. Stamens 4 per-
fect; anthers connate, bilocular, bases diverging. Ovary subglobose or
ovoid, no disk; style short. Capsule depressed, globose, irregularly
split. Seeds minute, obovoid-reticulate-—DistRip. Species3. Assam
and Malay Islands.

Flowers large, base of corolla spurred .. ce .- L. S. grandiflora.
Flowers small, base of corolla not spurred as .. 2. S. umbrosa.

1. STAURANTHERA GRANDIFLORA, Benth. Scroph. Ind. 57 (1835).
Succulent herb with a fleshy stem about 6 in. tall. Leaves 6 in. long
by 4 in. wide or less; oblong, obtuse, crenulate; deep green above,
bullate, glabrous, inzequilateral, pubescent on both sides; petiole 1 in.
long. Cyme short, pubescent, 3 in. long, with a few (9) large flowers ;
bracts short, ovate; flowers 1:25 in. across. Calyx-lobes lanceolate,
ovate, pubescent. Corolla-tube short and broad, with a short spur at
the base; lobes short, broad, rounded, violet with a central yellow bar
. reaching to the spur. Stamens subequal, 4 ; filaments slender; anthers
connate. Ovary ovoid ; style shorter than the stamens ; stigma capitate.
Capsule 2 in. broad. Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. V. 190, and in Hook.
f. Hl. Br. Ind. IV. 371; G. Don Gen. Syst..Dichi el iyearbbo.
S. grandzfolia, Dictr. Syn. Pl. III. 582; R. Br. in Benn. Pl. Jay. Rar.
121, and Ann. Se. Nat. 2, XIII. 167; DC. Prodr. IX. 278; Hook. Bot.
Mag. t. 5409; Floral Mag. Ser 1 (1866), t. 272; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II.
735; Clarke Comm. & Cyrt. Beng. t. 89 bis; Ridley in Journ. Str. Br.
R. As. Soc. No. 43, 83. Glossanthus 2? grandiflora, Benth. in Wall. Cat.
6395.

PenanG: Wallich 6395 ; rocks near Balik Pulau, Curtis. Prax:
Larut, King’s Collector 2248.—Disrris. Burma. Rare, on rocks.

2. STAURANTHERA UMBROSA, Clarke in Comm. & Cyrt. Beng.
t. 89 (1874). Stem 3 to 6 in. tall. Leaves ovate, oblong, falcate,
inequilateral, strigosely hairy especially beneath ; 6 to 8 in. long, 2 to 4

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 787

in. wide. Cymes spreading, few- to 10-flowered; peduncles and pedicels
hairy. Calyx shortly 5-lobed, cup-shaped; lobes triangular, ‘25 in.
long in flower, larger and spreading in fruit. Corolla ‘5 in. long,
white with a violet spot in the centre. Ovary unilocular. Capsule
circumsciss near the base. Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. V. 189, and in
Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 731; Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.
No. 43, 83. Cyananthus umbrosa, Griff. Notul. 1V.154; Ic. Pl. Asiat.
t. 437.

Perak: Telok Pinang, near Ipoh, Ridley 9773; Kinta, King’s Col-
lector 7144. SrLANcor: woods at the Kuala Lumpur Caves, Eizdley
8224. Panana: Tahan Woods, Ridley 2183. JoHorE: Gunong Panti,
fiidley 4166.—Distris. Assam. A ground plant in damp rocky woods.

18. RayncHotecum, Blume.

Shrubs, little branched, young parts red-woolly. Leaves opposite
or alternate. Cymes axillary, decompound ; flowers small, numerous.
Calyx 5-cleft nearly to the base; lobes narrow. Corolla small, campanu-
late; limb 2-lipped; lobes 5, ovate or oblong, subequal. Stamens 4
perfect, affixed to near the corolla base; filaments short, curved;.
anther-cells 2, subparallel. Ovary sessile, ovoid; disk very small,
annular or absent; style much longer than ovary; stigma subcapitate.
Berry small, globose, with persistent style ; pericarp pulpy. Seeds very
small, smooth.—Distris. Species 9, Indo-Malayan.

RHYNCHOTECUM PARVIFLORUM, Blume Bijdr. 775 (1826). A little-
branched shrub about 3 ft. tall, leafy above, upper parts ferruginous-
hairy. Leaves opposite, lanceolate, acute, cuneate at the base, serrate ;
8 in. long, 3°5 in. wide; dark green, glabrous above except the midrib, :
covered with red wool beneath, thickest on the nerves ; nerves 13 pairs ;
petiole 1 in. long. Cymes numerous, short, from the lower part of the
stem, laxly branched, red-woolly ; flowers very small, yellowish-white.
Calyx-lobes nearly free to the base, linear-lanceolate, acute, woolly, -125
in. long. Corolla little longer than the calyx-lobes, campanulate ; lobes
oblong, obtuse, white. Stamens 4, very short ; filaments short and thick.
_ Style longer than the ovary. Capsule ovoid-globose, hairy, shorter than
the sepals. G. Don Gen. Syst. Dichl. Pl. IV. 663; Dietr. Syn. Pl. III. 581;
DC. Prodr. IX. 285; Zoll. Verz. Ind. Archip. (1854) 55; Mig. Fl. Ind.
Bat. II. 750; Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan VY. i. 195, and in Hook. f. FI.
Br. Ind. IV. 373; Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 523, and in Journ.
Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, 84. Isanthera parviflora, Ridley in Trans.
Linn. Soc. Ser. 2, IIT. 331.

Prenane: Wallich; Pulau Betong and Penara Bukit, Curtis 3035 ;

788 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Perak: Lartt Hills, Ridley; King’s Collector 2237; Scortechint 1222.
Panana: Kuala Tahan, Ridley 2171.—Distrip. Java, Sumatra.

19. CyrranDRoM@A, Zoll.

Shrubs with square stems, leafy above. Leaves opposite, subequal,
herbaceous, ovate elliptic or lanceolate, serrate, petioled. Flowers 1 to
many, in axillary or basal cymes; bracts 2 in the middle of the pedicel.
Calyx tubular, shortly 5-toothed or lobed, enlarged in fruit, usually red.
Corolla large, white, tubular, thin, glabrous; tube dilated at apex ; lobes
rounded, subequal. Stamens 4 perfect, in 2 pairs, subsimilar ; filaments
linear; anthers ovoid, small. Prstil longer than stamens; stigma
cup-shaped. Capsule globose or oblong, enclosed in the enlarged calyx,
opening irregularly; walls membranous. Seeds numerous, sinuate, -
oblong, obtuse, ribbed, reticulate.—Distris. Species 10, Malayan.

Flowers solitary, axillary ; corolla nearly 1 in. long .. .. 1. CG. acuminata.
Flowers in lax many-flowered cymes :—
Cymes slightly supra-axillary ; corolla about 2 in. long .. 2. CG. megaphylla.
Cymes borne on base of stem or on upper portion below the
leaves ; corollalin.long .. Bh 30 .. 8. C. grandis.

1. CyRTANDROMGA ACUMINATA, Benth. and Hook. f. Gen. Pl. II.
1020 (1876). A shrubby plant, 3 to 4 ft. long; stem rather weak,
hollow, young parts pubescent. Leaves lanceolate or ovate, narrowed
into the petiole, acute, serrate, strigose, pubescent above, also on
the nerves beneath ; 4 to 6 in. long, 2 to 3 in. wide; petiole 1 in. long.
Flowers solitary, axillary, on short :125 in. long, lanceolate, slender,
hispid peduncles with 2 very small linear bracts in the middle. Calyx
tubular, ‘d in. long, glabrous, with short teeth, dull red. Corolla nearly
straight, 1 in. long ; tube thick ; lobes rounded, white. Capsule oblong,
4-angled, ‘25 in. long. Seeds minute, deeply reticulate. Clarke in DC.
Monog. Phan. V. i. 185, and in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 370; Ridley in
Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 48, 86. Cyrtandra? acuminata, Wall.
Cat. 1808. Busea subsessilis, Mig. El. Ind. Bat. IL. 733.

TRINGGANU : Bundi, Rostado; Penane: Porter in Wallich’s Collector,
808; Maingay (K.D.) 1232-2; King; Tonoh, Machado. Prrax:
Larut Hills, Aadley 2917; Scortechint 83, 329; King’s Collector 5342,
2139. SELANGOR: Ginting Bidai, Ridley. Nari Sempiian: Bukit
Sulu, Cantley.

_ 2, CYRTANDROMGA MEGAPHYLLA, Hemsley in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1555
(1884). Herb about 3 ft. tall; stem bluntly 4-angled, pithy in the
centre, pubescent. Leaves opposite, subequal, herbaceous, ovate,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 789

acutely acuminate, coarsely serrate, base rounded or subcordate; 6 to
10 in. long, 3 in. wide ; pubescent ; petiole 3 to 5 in. long. Cymes from a
little above the axils, lax, many-flowered. Calyx tubular, pubescent,
shortly 5-toothed, ‘5 in. long, inflated in fruit. Corolla about 2 in.
long, white, obliquely infundibuliform; lobes rounded, subequal.
Ovary perfectly bilocular. Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 523,
and in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 48, 86.

Perak: Lartt Hills at 2100 ft. alt., Wray; Scortechini 584 ; Gunong
Batu Putih, King’s Collector 8155. Sruancor: Ginting Peras, Ridley
7602.

3. CYRTANDROM@A GRANDIS, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.
No. 43, 87 (1905). A large shrub, several feet tall ; base of stem woody,
‘) in. through, glabrous. Leaves opposite, equal, herbaceous, lanceolate
acuminate, glabrous, narrowly acuminate at the base ; margins dentate ;
12 in. long, 4 in. wide ; nerves elevated, 10 pairs; petiole 1 to 1:25 in.
long. Cymes large, lax, borne on the base of the stem, and on the upper
part below the leaves, many-flowered, 2°5 to6 in. long, pubescent ; pedi-
cels -25 in. long. Calyx tubular, pubescent, with linear lobes, red, ‘5 in.
long. Corolla white, 1 in. long; tube straight, thick; lobes rounded.
Capsule globose, ‘5 in. long, enclosed in the enlarged calyx. Seeds
minute, black, oblong, ribbed and reticulate.

Perak: Ulu Bubong, King’s Collector 10150; Gunong Batu Putih,
King’s Collector 8155. Srnancor : Kuala Lumpur, Curtis; Ridley 10498 ;
15th mile Pahang Track, Ridley 8552; Bukit Hitam, Ridley 7576.

20. CyrTANDRA, Forst.

Half-shrubby plants, terrestrial or rarely epiphytic; stems often
branched, usually tall. Leaves opposite, subequal or one smaller.
Cymes axillary, on long or short peduncles, many-flowered ; bracts large
or small, free or connate ; bracteoles ovate or narrowed or absent. Calyx
tubular, 2- to 6-lobed, usually 5-lobed; lobes lanceolate. Corolla-tube
short, usually pubescent, infundibular, straight ; lobes 5, subequal or
more or less distinctly 2-lipped, usually white-spotted or marked with
yellow-brown or red. Stamens 2, perfect, shortly exsert or included,
affixed to the corolla; anthers bilocular, connivent, free or coherent ;
staminodes small, 2 to 3. Dzsk annular or unilateral. Ovary ovoid or
oblong ; style long, filiform ; stigma sub-bilobed. Berry sausage-shaped
or ovoid, firmly fleshy, usually beaked with the persistent style. Seeds
numerous, minute, ellipsoid, smooth or obscurely reticulate-——DistTRis.
About 170 species, in the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago eastwards
to Polynesia.

790 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Bracts free :—
Leaves of a pair with one usually manifestly smaller than the
other, sometimes entirely suppressed, or less frequently (C. pen-
dula) reduced to a subulate process opposite the perfect leaf :—
Leaves 12 in. long, their margins strongly toothed especially
towards the apex, all quite alternate from suppression of one
of each pair ; calyx 5-lobed ; corolla 5 in. long .. . 1. CG. dispar.
Leaves 7 to 9 in. long, their margins entire or ateteooalle
(C. pendula sometimes) crenate :—
Bracts ovate acute; leaves with one of each pair usually
smaller than the other and sometimes (C. falcata often)
suppressed entirely; leaf-margins always entire; calyx
5-lobed :—
Bracts 1 in. long; leaves 7 to 9 in. long, main nerves
about 12 pairs, prominent, both leaves of each pair
always present and the two sometimes subequal ; corolla
over | in. long An : 5c .. 2 C. suffruticosa.
Bracts ‘5 in. long; leaves 7 to 8 in. long ; main nerves
about 10 pairs, not prominent, one leaf of each pair always
smaller than the other and sometimes entirely ets
corolla unknown ais . 8. C. falcata.
Bracts lanceolate-acuminate ; isages 8 in. tenes with one
of each pair reduced to a subulate process; margins entire
or sometimes crenate ; calyx 2-fid; corollal-5in. long .. 6. C. pendula.
Leaves of a pair always subequal :—
Margins of leaves serrate: calyx ‘5 in. long, 2-fid; corolla

1 in. long oe .. 4. C. pilosa.
Margins of leaves rents. Gist 1 5i in. gig. 3- fid ; corolla
1-5in.long .. .. 5. C. lanceolata.
Bracts connate in a large eit cup; eae of a pair always
subequal Pe 25 ae Be .. 7. C. cupulata.

1. CyrtanpRA pispaR, DC. Prodr. IX. 282 (1845). Shrub with a
stout, pale, reticulate, fistular stem; obscurely 4-angled. Leaves alter-
nate, obovate oblanceolate, inzequilateral, petioled ; strongly toothed, es-
pecially at the apex; glabrous above, red-pubescent beneath ; 12 in. long,
4 in. wide; petiole 1 in. long. Flowers small, very numerous, in axil-
lary cymes ; pedicels ‘25 in. long, hispid. Calyx persistent, cup-shaped,
with 5 lanceolate, acuminate, hairy lobes. Corolla white, ‘5 in. long;
tube dilated upwards, hairy outside; lobes short, obtuse, rounded.
Stamens shorter than the tube; abortive ones very much reduced.
Pistil hairy. Berry ‘25 in. long, oblong, ellipsoid, hairy. Miq. Fl. Ind.
Bat. II. 742 ; Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. V. i. 203, t. 23, and in Hook.
f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 375; Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43,
88. C. frutescens, Wall. Cat. 807 partly, not of Jack.

PENANG: Government Hill, Curtis 1204; Wallich 807; (part);

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 791

Maingay (K.D.) 1232. Perak: Bujong Malacca, Ridley 9703; Lartt
Hills, Radley and Fox, Scortechina 367, 1231; Wray 2196; King’s
Collector 2052, 5131, 3891.—Distris. Sumatra.

2. CYRTANDRA SUFFRUTICOSA, Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soe. Ser. 2, III.
330 (1893). A large shrub, 4 ft. tall, with hollow 4-angled pale stems
‘25 in. thick. Leaves opposite, one of each pair often very much
smaller alternately on one side or the other; lanceolate, abruptly
acuminate, subfaleate, inequilateral; edges entire ; nerves conspicuous,
about 12 pairs; glabrous when adult, young leaves and petioles red-
pubescent ; 7 to 9 in. long, 2°5 to 3 in. wide; petiole ‘5 to -75 in. long.
Peduneles short and thick, axillary ; bracts free, ovate acute, pubescent,
1 in. long, ‘5 in. across ; flowers about 6 ina head, nearly sessile. Calyx
deciduous; sepals linear. Corolla glabrous, over 1 in. long; base cylin-
dric, dilated upwards ; lobes rounded, obtuse, white with brown streaks
in the throat. Anthers large, elliptic. Style pubescent. Berry 75 in.
long, sausage-shaped. Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, 89.

Perak: Scortechint 142; Gopeng, King’s Collector 4720; Kota
Bahru, King’s Collector 569; Tupai, Lartt, Wray 2845. JonHorE:
Tengarah, Melding; Pulau Tiuman, Fidley. On rocks.

Ridley says it is nearly allied to a Bornean species, C. oblongifolia, Clarke, but
much larger in all parts. It is generally found growing on rocks or (King’s Collector
4720) from the top of a high tree. Wray describes the flowers as ‘‘ white marked in
the throat with dark claret: bracts green without, claret within; fruit light green,
finely spotted, paler.”

3. CYRTANDRA FALCATA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43,
89 (1905). Epiphytic shrub, about 2 ft. tall; stem quadrangular, fistu-
lose, pale. Leaves lanceolate acuminate, falcate; alternate, often with
small opposite ones; glabrous when adult; narrowed at the base into
the petiole; nerves about 10 pairs ; 7 or 8 in. long, 1°5 in. wide; petiole
1 in. long, pubescent. Cymes axillary, ‘125 in. shortly peduncled;
bracts broadly ovate, acute, pubescent, ‘5 in. long; flowers few, shortly
pedicelled. Fruit fusiform, ‘5 in. long.

Perak: Wray 2845; Scortechini 142. SmLANGOR: woods round the
_ Kuala Lumpur Caves, Ridley 8219.

Allied to C. oblongifolia, Hook. f., and C. suffruticosa, Ridley, but the leaves are
much narrower than those of the latter, and thinner and with more conspicuous nerves
than those of the former.

4, CyRTANDRA PILOSA, Blume Bijdr. 770 (1826). Shrub with stout
4-angled hollow stems as much as ‘d in. through, 3 ft. tall, upper parts
pubescent. Leaves opposite, obovate, narrowed into a winged petiole ;
margins serrate; above more or less covered with pale hairs from a

792 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

swollen base, in old leaves often glabrescent, beneath covered with red
hairs on the nerves; nerves prominent 10 to 12 pairs; 8 to 18 in. long,
3 to4 in. wide. Cymes small, nearly sessile, axillary; bracts ovate or
lanceolate acuminate, hairy, 1 in. long. Calyx tubular, hairy, ‘5 in.
long, bifid. Corolla white, 1 in. long, silky-hairy ; tube infundibuliform,
stout; upper lobes oblong obtuse, lower two connate, shortly bifid,
obtuse, punctate above. Stamens little longer than the tube; filaments
glabrous; abortive stamens short. Fruit ovoid, conic, acute, brown,
reticulate-tessellate, ‘5 to ‘75 in. long. G. Don Gen. Syst. IV. 661; DC.
Prodr. IX. 282; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 742; Zoll. Verz. Ind. Archip. 55 ;
Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. V. i. 231, and in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV.
375; Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, 90. C. decurrens,
De Vriese Pl. Ind. Bat. Reinwdt.14; Mig. l.c. 746; Clarke ll.cc. 231,
375.

Penane: Penara Bukit, Wallich 807, on banks in forests. PERAK:
Lartt Hills, Radley 2915; Curtis 2897; Scortechini 354, 270; King’s
Collector 5588. Srtanecor: Bukit Kutu, Ridley 7574, Bukit Hitam,
Pahang Track, 8560, 8554. Neer Sempinan: Bukit Tanga, Napver ;
Bukit Sulu, Cantley. JoHore: Gunong Panti, Ridley; Bukit Tanah
Abang, Kelsall—Distris. Tenasserim to New Guinea. In rocky
woods up to about 2000 ft. altitude.

Ridley says he is unable to separate specifically the forms described respectively
under the names of C. pilosa, Bl., and C. decurrens, De Vr., at least as far as applies
to the variety Wallichii of the latter. The main distinction seems to be in the
amount of hairiness of the leaves, in which point the plant seems very variable.

5. CYRTANDRA LANCEOLATA, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII.
527 (1895). Stem about 1 ft. tall, quadrangular, upper part pubescent,
the base bare. Leaves oblanceolate acute, narrowed at the base, crenu-
late, almost entirely glabrous; 12 in. long, 4 in. wide. Cymes at the
base of the stem below the leaves very shortly peduncled, lax, many-
flowered ; pedicels -75 in. long, hispid; bracts lanceolate, small, hispid.
Calyz 1:5 in. long, tubular, hispid; lobes 3, linear-acuminate. Corolla
1:5 in. long, dilated above, pubescent, white, throat yellow. Anthers
long, narrowed above. Style 1 in. long, pubescent; stigma bilobed;
lobes oblong, linear. Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 48, 91.

JoHorE: Gunong Panti, Fidley.

6. CyRTANDRA PENDULA, Blume Bijdr. 768 (1826). Stem 1 or 2 ft. tall.
Leaves alternate, ovate cordate or lanceolate, entire or crenate; dark
green and glabrous above, often barred with white and covered with
reddish tomentum beneath; 8 in. long, 4 to 6 in. wide; petiole 3 to 6 in.
long, opposite leaf in each internode reduced to a subulate process

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 793

Capitulum of 20 flowers on peduncles 4 in. long, decurved, appressed-
hairy ; bracts lanceolate, acuminate, hairy; flowers shortly pedicelled.,
Calyx-tube ‘5 in. long, thin, shortly bifid. Corolla-tube 1:5 in. long ;
base narrow, curved, ventricose upwards, cream-coloured or pale yellow,
hairy ; upper lip of two rounded lobes, lower of three broader oblong
rounded ones, all creamy white or pale yellow with purple spots in the
mouth and tube. Stamens 2, glabrous; filaments purplish, sinuate ;
anthers oblong, connivent. Style stout, white; stigma transversely
oblong. Frwt sausage-shaped, °5 in. long.” G. Don Gen. Syst. Dichl.
Pl. IV. 660; DC. Prodr. IX. 281 ; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 739 ; Hook. Ic.
Pl. t. 736; Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. V.i. 242; Ridley in Journ. Str.
Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, 91. C. bicolor, Jack in Trans. Linn. Soe. XIV.
24; DC. lc.; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 375; Mig. Lc.

Perak: Larut Hills, Curtis 2036; Scortechint 142 and 254; Wray
2845 ; Ulu Bera, King’s Collector 10810. Srnancor: Kuala Lumpur,
Bukit Hitam, Ridley. Sunaxur Usone: Bukit Sulu, Cantley. Matacca:
Maingay. Panane: Kuala Tembeling, Adley. Jonore: Gunong
Panti, Pulau Tiuman. Sinearore: Bukit Timah, Ridley 2703 ; King.—
Distris. Java and Sumatra.

7. CyRTANDRA CupPULATA, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 527
(1895). A shrubby plant 2 or 3 ft. tall; stem terete or more or less
4-angled above, covered with red hair. Leaves opposite, equal, very
variable, oblanceolate with an acuminate base, serrately toothed ; scantily
hairy above, more hairy beneath ; petiole sometimes winged to the base,
villous, 1 in. long; blade 12 in. long, 4 in. wide. Pedwneles ‘5 in. long,
axillary in pairs, villous; bracts connate in a white hairy cup 1 in.
long; bracteoles short, lanceolate, acute, white; flowers numerous,
opening singly, little longer than the bract. Corolla 1 in. long, curved,
infundibuliform, 2-lipped, pubescent, white, yellow and brown in the
mouth ; lobes 5 subequal, ovate, obtuse. Stamens included, 2. Pistal
short; ovary oblong, with a terminal tuft of hair; style short, curved ;
stigma clavate, bilobed. Fruit 5 in. long, fusiform. Ridley in Journ.
Str. Br. R. As. Soe. No. 48, 92.

Perak: Tapa, Wray 1389 and 191; Ulu Bubong, King’s Collector
10250; Larut Hills, Scortechina 366; Chanderiang, King’s Collector
5833, in wet woods. Mazacca: lower slopes of Mount Ophir, fzdley
7575; Sungei Buluh, Rzdley 10550. Panane: Tahan Woods, Ridley
2150.

794 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Family XC.—VERBENACES.

Herbs, shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite or verticillate (apparently
alternate in Geunsia), simple, digitate or pinnate (Peronema); stipules
none. Inflorescence cymose, racemose or spicate, often in panicles;
bracts usually small, sometimes leafy ; flowers hermaphrodite or some-
times polygamous, generally irregular, often brightly coloured, some-
times with coloured calyx or enlarged coloured involucre. Calyx
inferior, gamosepalous, 5- to 4- (rarely 6- to 8-) lobed, often accrescent.
Corolla gamopetalous ; tube usually cylindric or dilated above, often
curved ; limb 2-lipped or subequally lobed; lobes 4 or 5, rarely more.
Stamens usually 4 didynamous, sometimes 2, sometimes 5. 6 or more,
inserted on the corolla-tube; filaments free; anthers 2-celled, opening
longitudinally. Ovary superior, sessile, 2- to 4-celled, entire or 4-lobed ;
ovules variously attached, 2 (sometimes 1) in each cell; style terminal ;
stigma entire or bifid at apex. Fruit drupaceous with bony pyrenes,
or capsular, 1- to 4-celled; mesocarp usually fleshy ; endocarp usually
bony. Seeds erect or pendulous, separate in distinct cells; albumen
usually none; embryo straight; radicle inferior—Distris. Tropical
regions of both hemispheres, very few extending to temperate countries ;
species about 750.

Inflorescence spicate, centripetal (the lowest flowers opening
first) (Tribe I. VeRBENE:z) :—
Shrubs or herbs with short spikes ; calyx minute ; stamens 4;
anther-cells parallel :-—

Fruit a drupe with fleshy mesocarp us .. 1. Lantana.
Fruit dry with thin granular mesocarp Be .. 2. Lrppta.
Herbs with long spikes; calyx long, tubular; stamens 2;
anther-cells divaricate .. oe Ba .. 3. STACHYTARPHETA.
Inflorescence cymose, centrifugal (the end flowers opening
first ) :—

Cymes paniculate; drupes fleshy (Tribe II. Vir1cem) :—
Leaves simple :—
Corolla regular ; stamens isomerous, equal :—

Flowers 5-merous; drupe with 5 to 10 pyrenes .. 4. GEUNSIA.
Flowers 4-merous; drupe with 4 pyrenes .. 5. CaLLICARPA.
Flowers 4- to 6-merous; drupe with 14-celled endeeane

included in the accrescent calyx ae .. 6. Trcrona.

Corolla 2-lipped ; stamens didynamous :—
Drupe with 1 pyrene :—

Flowers small 7. PREMNA.
Flowers large 8. GMELINA.
Drupe with 4 pyrenes (1 to 3 often erpptesced) 9. CLERODENDRON.
Leaves digitate or in 1 species unifoliolate; pyrene 1 = 4 LOD Vir.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 795

Cymes paniculate ; drupes capsular (Tribe III. CaryvoprrripEm) :—
Leaves impariprimate ; fruit 4-celled ; calyx not enlarged

in fruit ; trees Be sis are .. 11. PERONEMA.
Leaves 1- to 3-foliolate; fruit 2-celled; calyx much
enlarged in fruit ; climbers 50 .. 12. PeTRmovITEx.

~Cymes capitate; bracts of the flower-head usually large
and involucriform ; large climbers (Tribe IV. SympHorrME®) :—
Involucral bracts 6; corolla-lobes subequal; stamens

included or exsert .. rc Bc .. 13. SPHENODESMA.
Involucral bracts 4; corolla 2-lipped, the two lobes of
the upper lip the longest; stamens exsert .. .. 14. Conena.

Cymes densely capitate or in short spikes, centripetal;
flowers small; calyx-segments 5, much imbricate ; trees or
shrubs (Tribe V. AvIcENNIE) se Sc -. 15, AVICENNIA.

Houtmsk1I6LpIa sANGUINEA, Retz Obs. VI. 31 (1791), is a straggling shrub of the
Eastern subtropical Himalaya, with a large red obconic calyx and red flowers, often
cultivated in gardens and occasionally found as an escape.

PENANG: on Government Hill, Curtis 2879.

Duranta Piumrert, Jacq. Select. Stirp. Amer. 186, t.176, fig. 76 (1763), is a blue-
flowered shrub cultivated in gardens and sometimes found run wild in their neigh-
bourhood.

SincaPore: Ridley.

Tribe I. VERBENEZ.
1. Lantana, Linn.

Erect or subscandent, often rambling, pubescent or scabrous shrubs,
rarely herbs ; branches usually tetragonal, sometimes prickly. Leaves
simple, opposite or ternate, petiolate, inciso-crenate, more or less
rugose. lowers in dense pedunculate spikes from the axils of the
leaves, variable in colour; the spikes capitate, ovoid or cylindric ; bracts
conspicuous, persistent, ovate or lanceolate; bracteoles none. Calyx
small, membranous, campanulate, truncate or 4- to 5-toothed. Corolla
hypocrateriform; tube slender, cylindric; lobes 4 to 5, spreading,
orbicular. Stamens 4 didynamous, included in the corolla-tube and
inserted at its middle; anthers broadly oblong with parallel cells.
Ovary 2-celled; ovule solitary in each cell, erect from the base or
laterally attached close to the base; style short; stigma oblique
or sublateral, thickened. /rwt a drupe with more or less fleshy meso-
carp ; endocarp hard, separating when ripe into two 1-celled, 1-seeded
pyrenes. Seed exalbuminous; testa reticulate ; radicle inferior.—
Distr. Species about 50, tropical or subtropical, mostly American,
a few African or Asiatic.

796 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Bracts lanceolate ; without prickles Ne 5 .. 1. L. salvifolia.
Bracts ovate, acuminate; with recurved prickles Ho .. 2 DL. aculeata.

1. LANTANA SALviFoLIA, Jacq. Hort. Schoenbr. III. 18, t. 285
(1798). An erect branching shrub, reaching 3 to 8 ft. in height; stems
rough, without prickles; branchlets quadrangular, strigosely hispid,
yellowish-brown. Leaves opposite or in whorls of 3, membranous
when dry ; ovate-lanceolate, acute at apex, suddenly narrowed and then
decurrent at base; both surfaces rugose, the upper strigosely hispid,
the lower villous and pale; margins crenate-serrate ; 2 to 5 in. long, 1 to
2 in. broad ; main nerves 8 to 12 pairs, the lowest pair opposite and
more oblique than the others, all curving to the margin; reticulations
prominent; petiole 2 to -4 in. long, winged by the decurrent margins
of the blade. Spikes globose to oblong, ‘5 to 1 and even 1:5 in. long,
gradually elongating as the fruit ripens; peduncles angular, hispid,
1 to 3 in. long; bracts ovate, caudate-acuminate, strigosely villous,
‘25 in. long. Calyx minute, truncate, densely villous. Corolla-tube
curved, slightly inflated opposite the stamens, villous without, :2 in.
long ; lobes spreading, rounded, the uppermost slightly acute. F%la-
ments short ; anther-cells equal. Drupe oblong, purple ; exocarp thin, his-
pid; mesocarp fleshy ; endocarp rugose, the 2 pyriform pyrenes of which
it is composed closely adherent. Seed elliptic; testa reticulate ; cotyle-
dons thin. Baker in Dyer Fl. Trop. Afr. V. 276 ; Schauer in DC. Prodr.
XI. 605. L. indica, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 46 (1814), and Fl. Ind. III. 89;
Wall. Cat. 1823 4,8 ; Wight Ill. t. 173 b, fig. 3, and Ic. t. 1464; Trimen
Fl. Ceyl. III. 346; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. TV. 562; Cooke FI.
Bomb. IT. 418; Prain Beng. Plants 825. JZ. dubia, Wall. Cat. 1821,
2 and c, not 1; Royle Ill. 300 t. 73, fig. 2. LZ. collina, Dene. in
Jacquem. Voy. Bot. 136, t. 141. ZL. alba, Schauer l.c. 606; Dalz. &
Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 198; Brandis For. Fl. 369; Kurz For. Fl. II. 253 ; Boiss.
Fl. Orient. IV. 532, not of Miller, Dene. or Link.

Penane: fiidley; Curtis 121; Deschamps. PxErax: at Teluk
Anson, Ridley 10762. Mauacca: firdley 10115. Srinearore: Des-
champs; Kunstler 185.—Distr1p. India, Burma, Ceylon, Tropical and
South Africa.

2. LANTANA ACULEATA, Linn. Sp. Pl. 627 (1753). A very straggling
erect shrub with many branches, 4 to 8 ft. high; branchlets quadran-
gular, armed with recurved prickles. Leaves opposite ; ovate, acute at
apex, truncate or cordate at base; the blade decurrent; upper surface
scabrous, lower pubescent; margins crenate, 1 to 3 in. long, 1 to 2 in.
broad ; midrib slender; main nerves 5 to 6 pairs, curving upwards to
the margin; reticulations netted; petiole slender, ‘5 to ‘7 in. long, the
upper part bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade. Spzkes

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 797

globose, -25 to 1 in. in diam. ; peduncles 1 to 1:5 in. long, hispid ; bracts
lanceolate, :25 in. long; flowers of various colours, orange, red, and
white. Calyx very small, slightly 2-lipped, pubescent. Corolla-tube
slender, pubescent, ‘2 to -4 in. long; lobes rounded, spreading. Fila-
ments very short ; anther-cells unequal. Drwpe ovoid, black, shining,
‘1 to -2 in. in diam. ; pyrenes rounded. Bot. Mag. t. 96; Dalz. & Gibs.
Suppl. 68 ; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 346. ZL. Camara, Linn. l.c.; Schauer
in DC. Prodr. XI. 598; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 562; Cooke Bomb. FI. +
IT. 419; Prain Beng. Plants 825; Baker in Dyer FI. Trop. Afr. V. 275.

PENANG: Curtis; Deschamps. Province WELLESLEY: G. King.
SINGAPORE: Deschamps.—Distr1B. Native of Tropical America, now
widely spread in many regions of the Old World and very troublesome
from its quick and strong matted growth.

2. Lippra, Linn.

Shrubs or undershrubs, rarely herbs, usually more or less hairy.
Leaves opposite, ternate or verticillate, rarely alternate ; entire dentate
or lobate. Flowers small, in elongate or cylindrical or capitulate
spikes; bracts small, imbricate; bracteoles none. Calyx small,
membranous, 2- to 4-lobed, ultimately 2-valved, enclosing or some-
times adhering to the fruit. Corolla more or less hypocrateriform ;
tube cylindrical, straight or curved ; limb oblique, more or less bilabiate ;
upper lip bifid, emarginate or 2-lobed; lower lip 3-lobed. Stamens 4
didynamous, included in the corolla-tube and inserted at its middle;
anthers ovate with parallel cells. Ovary 2-celled; ovule solitary in each
cell, erect from the base or laterally attached near the base of the cell ;
style short; stigma capitate, oblique or recurved, thickened. F'rwit
small, with a dry epicarp; mesocarp granular; endocarp hard, bony,
easily separating into two l1-seeded pyrenes. Seed exalbuminous ;
radicle inferior—Disrris. About 100 or more species, chiefly Tropical
American, with a few African and only very few Asiatic. i

Lrpp1a NopiFrLorA, Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. II. 15 (1803). A creep-
ing perennial herb; stems rooting at the nodes, much branched, sub-
~ quadrangular, channelled, more or less clothed with appressed, medifixed,
white hairs, often glabrous. Leaves opposite, subsessile, spathulate,
rounded at apex, cuneate at base; both surfaces appressedly hairy
with medifixed white hairs; upper half deeply and sharply ser-
rate, lower entire; -75 to 1:25 in. long, ‘25 to -75 in. broad; midrib
prominent ; main nerves 3 to 4 pairs, straight. Spikes dense, globose
at first, afterwards gradually elongating to oblong in fruit, -25 to ‘5 in.
long ; peduncles 1 to 3 in. long, usually from only one axil of each pair

798 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

of leaves, slender, quadrangular, channelled; bracts much imbricate,
variable, -1 to -2 in. long, lower broadly ovate, upper narrowly cuneate,
all acuminate with more or less hyaline fimbriate margins; flowers
small, pale blue, pink, or white. Calyx 2-lobed ; lobes lanceolate, pubes-
cent. Corolla-tube slender, ‘1 in. long ; limb 2-lipped, lower lip 3-lobed,
midlobe obtuse. Stigma capitate. Frwit -05 to :075 in. long, glabrous,
ovoid; epicarp bony, membranous; mesocarp granular; endocarp
separating in two plano-convex pyrenes. Seed elliptic; testa mem-
branous ; cotyledons fleshy. Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 585; Wight
Ill. t. 173 b, fig. 2, and Ic. t. 1463; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FI. 198;
Glarke im Hook: f, HIE Br. Inds LV. 5635) Miqheii ind saibareul:
905; Trimen FI. Ceyl. III. 347; Cooke Bomb. FI. II. 420; Prain Beng.
Plants 825; Baker in Dyer Fl. Trop. Afr. V.279. Verbena nodiflora,
Linn. Sp. Pl. 20; Burm. Fl. Ind. 12, t. 6, fig. 1; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 4.
Blairia nodiflora, Gaertn. Fruct. I. 266, t. 56. Zapania nodzflora,
Lamk. Ill. t. 17; Wall. Cat. 1824. Latana sarmentosa and repens,
Spreng. Syst. IT. 752. Phyla chinensis, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 66.

PENANG: at Sangie Penang, Curtis 3520. Province WELLESLEY :
Curtis 2208. Sincapore: Kunstler 1198, in grassy and sandy places
near the coast—Distris. India, Malay Archipelago, Africa and most
tropical and subtropical regions.

3. STACHYTARPHETA, Vahl.

Herbs or shrubs. Leaves usually opposite, toothed, usually rugose.
Flowers in terminal spikes in the axils of bracts, the rachis often
hollowed out beneath each flower; bracts lanceolate, long or short;
bracteoles none. Calyx elongate, narrowly cylindrical, shortly 4- to 5-
toothed, variously slit at a late stage. Corolla hypocrateriform; tube
slender, cylindrical, usually curved; limb spreading, 5-lobed; the lobes
equal or unequal, rounded. Stamens 2 perfect (the anticous ones),
included in the corolla-tube, affixed above the middle; filaments
short ; anther-cells vertically divaricate ; staminodes (posticous) 2 or 0.
Ovary 2-celled; ovules solitary in each cell, attached laterally near its
base; style long, filiform, exsert; stigma capitate. #ruzt cylindrical,
included in the calyx, separating into 2 bony 1-seeded pyrenes. Seeds
oblong; testa membranous; albumen none; cotyledons fleshy ; radicle
inferior.—Distris. About 40 species, mostly Tropical American, a
few African; the Indo-Malayan species probably introduced and run
wild.

Spikes usually slender, glabrous; flowers blue fe 66 1. S. jamaicensis.
Spikes usually stout, hairy ; flowers pink As 50 2. S. mutabilis.

1. STACHYTARPHETA JAMAICENSIS, Vahl Enum. I. 206 (1805). An

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 799

annual erect branched herb, reaching 1 to 3 ft. high; stems dicho-
tomously branched, nearly quadrangular. Leaves opposite, elliptic,
obtuse or acute at apex, cuneate at base and decurrent, upper two-
thirds coarsely serrate, lower cuneate portion entire; both surfaces
glabrous or nearly so; 1 to 4 in. long, 1 to 15 in. broad; midrib
slender; main nerves slender, 4 to 6 pairs, curved upwards; petiole
obscure, being winged by the decurrent margins of the blade. Sprkes
elongate, 3 to 12 in. long, slender; rachis up to ‘15 in. in diam., con-
spicuously excavated to hold the flowers, the hollows closed by the
bracts; bracts lanceolate, acuminate, scarious and ciliate on the
margins, -15 to 2 in. long; flowers blue. Calyx -25 in. long, mem-
branous, glabrous, 4- to 5-toothed, usually slit on one side (that in the
hollow of the rachis). Corolla-tube curved outwards, ‘3 to ‘d in. long ;
limb spreading, 5-lobed. Frwit dry, :15 in. long, tipped with the
slender remains of the style; pyrenes plano-convex, very hard. Bot.
Mag. t. 1860. 8S. mdica, Vahl, l.c.; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV.
564; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 348; Cooke Bomb. Fl. II. 421; Prain
Beng. Plants, 826; Baker in Dyer Fl. Trop. Afr. V. 284. S. wrt-
cifolia, Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. Suppl. 68. Stachytarpha jamaicensis,
Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 564. S. endica, Schauer in DC. l.c.; Migq.
Fl. Ind. Bat. Il. 907. Verbena jamaicensis, Linn. Sp. Pl. 19; Roxb.
Hort. Beng. 4. V. indica, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 3, 27; Wall. Cat. 2656.

PENANG: common by roadsides, G. King; on Government Hill,
Curtis. PERAK: at Panjsore, Scortechint 996. JoHorE: Marius,
Jensen. SINGAPORE: Cunung 2406; in waste places, Deschamps ;
Kunstler (King’s Collector) 173, 1149.—Distrris. — India, Ceylon, Malay
Archipelago, Tropical Asia and Africa; in Malaya probably introduced
and run wild.

2. STACHYTARPHETA MUTABILIS, Vahl Enum. I. 209 (1805). A
stout branching pubescent herb, reaching 3 ft. high or more; stems
quadrangular, densely tawny-pubescent. Leaves opposite, ovate acute
at apex, rounded at base and decurrent; upper three-fourths broadly
crenate, the crenatures mucronate, basal part entire; upper surface
sparsely villous and scabrid, lower softly grey-tomentose; 3 to 5 in.
long, 1:5 to 2°5 in. broad; midrib stout; main nerves 6 to 8 pairs;
petiole 1:5 to 1 in. long, almost entirely bordered by the decurrent
margins of the blade. Spzkes stout, elongate, 6 to 18 in. long; rachis
up to -25 in. in diam., excavated vertically to hold the flowers, the hollows
closed by the bracts; bracts ovate-lanceolate, cuspidate-acuminate,
strigosely hairy, -25 to -5 in. long; flowers pink. Calyx -4 to ‘d in. long,
strigosely pubescent, 4-toothed on the outer side, cleft on the inner, the
teeth acute. Corolla-tube curved outwards, up to 1 in. long, slightly

800 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

dilated at the throat; limb spreading, lobes 5 rounded. Anther-cells
‘05 in. long; filaments villous ; staminodes subulate, villous, +15 to -2 in.
long. Fruit oblong, ovoid or somewhat pyriform, tipped with the long
remains of the style; pyrenes plano-convex, very hard, -2 to ‘25 in. long.
Seed oblong, ‘15 in. long ; testa membranous ; cotyledons obovate, -1 in.
long, fleshy. Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 565; Bot. Mag. t. 976; Cooke
Bomb. Fl. II. 422; Baker in Dyer FI. Trop. Afr. V. 284. Verbena
mutabilis, Jacq. Coll. 2, 334; Icon. Rar. 2, 207; Andr. Bot. Rep.
t. 435.

Penane: Curtis 867; Birch; Ridley 7044. SiNGAPORE: in waste
places, Deschamps.—Distr1n. A native of Tropical America, widely
spread in the Old World, e.g., Southern India, Java, Central Africa

Tribe II. ViricE”.
4. GeunsiA, Blume.

Trees or large shrubs, stellately tomentose. Leaves opposite or
occasionally alternate by the separation of the leaves of a pair, petiolate,
entire. Flowers small, in many-flowered pedunculate cymes in the
upper axils of the branchlets; bracts linear, small. Calya# campanu-
late, shortly 5- to 6-toothed. Corolla campanulate; tube exsert,
funnel-shaped; lobes 5, spreading. Stamens 5 to 6; anthers oblong,
exserted, glandular, dorsifixed; cells parallel, dehiscing longitudinally
but more widely at tip; filaments slender. Ovary imperfectly 5-,
rarely 4- to 8-celled; the cells 2-ovulate; the ovules fixed laterally
above the middle of the cell; style exsert, stout; stigma 5- or less
lobed, dilated. Drwpe small, globose, depressed, on the persistent
not enlarged calyx; exocarp thin; mesocarp granular; endocarp
hard; pyrenes 5 to 10, equal in number to the ovules, 1-seeded. Seeds
small, oblong-ovoid; testa thin; albumen none; cotyledons fleshy ;
radicle inferior.—Distris. 3 to 4 species, of the Malay Peninsula and
Archipelago.

GEUNSIA FARINOSA, Blume Bijdr. 819 (1826). A large tree, reaching
60 to 70 ft. in height and a considerable diameter; the upper branches,
inflorescence, and under surface (also upper surface when young) of
leaves covered more or less densely with stellate furfuraceous pale
brown tomentum, and also often with minute rounded glands. Leaves
coriaceous, ovate or elliptic-oblong, long cuspidate-acuminate at apex,
rounded or subacute at base; upper surface when young farinose, later
glabrous; lower surface rugose; margin entire or minutely denticulate,
5 to 9 in. long, 2 to 4 in. broad; midrib prominent; main nerves 10 to

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 801

12 pairs obliquely curved upwards and joined by many more or less
parallel transverse nerves; reticulations close; petiole stout, 1 in. long,
channelled above, the opposite ones joined by a raised line. Cymes
rounded, dichotomously branched, 1:5 to 2 in. broad; peduncles 1 to
15 in. long; bracts subulate, :15 to ‘2 in. long; pedicels very short ;
flowers reddish-purple. Calyx ‘06 in. deep, glabrous within. Corolla-
tube ‘1 to -2 in. long, glandular; lobes recurved, ‘05 in. long, rounded.
Stamens exserted; filaments a little longer than the corolla-tube;
anthers ‘1 in. long, very glandular on the back. Drupe reddish-black
when ripe, ‘15 in. broad, -1 in. in diam., top depressed. Clarke in Hook.
f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 566; Bocquillon Revis. Verben. 89, t. 8; Koord. &
Valeton Bijdr. VII. 173. G. Cumingiana, Rolfe in Journ. Linn. Soe.
XXI. 315. Callicarpa pentandra, Roxb. El. Ind. I. 395; Wall. Cat.
1836; Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 646; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 885.
C. acuminatissima, Teysm. & Binn. in Batav. Nat. Tijdschr. XXY. 409.
C. Cumangiana, Schauer, J. c. 644.

Kepau: on Langkawi Island, Curtis 2552. Prrax: King’s Collector
859, 972 (part), 5731, 8547. SeLANGor: at Batu Tiga, Curtis 3767 ;
at Ginting Bidai, Ridley 7599; at Rawang, Ridley 10494. SrinGapore:
Wallich 1836.—Distris. Java (Forbes 315, 375, 539, 602; Kollman ;
Koorders 152048), Borneo (Beccart 786; Haviland 554, 1343, 3553 ;
Motley 385), Amboina, Philippine Islands, &e.

The following Bornean species seems to be undescribed :—

Grunsia Havyinanpi1, King & Gamble in Kew Bull. 105 (1908). A tree (?);
branches, inflorescence, and under surface of leaves densely tawny-stellate-pubescent
and strigosely hairy. Leaves opposite, ovate or ovate-oblong, shortly acuminate and
mucronate at apex, acute or cuneate at base; upper surface strigosely scabrous-
hispid on the upper surface, especially on the midrib; lower surface rugose, stellate-
pubescent and studded with peltate glands; margins rather distinctly denticulate ;
2°5 to to 6 in. long, 1°5 to 2°5 in. broad; midrib stout, prominent; main nerves 9 to
11 pairs, prominent beneath, gently curving upwards to anastomose near the margin,
joined by conspicuous transverse nervelets; reticulations netted ; petiole stout, tawny-
hispid, 5 to°75 in. long. Cymes axillary, few-flowered, subsessile, scarcely longer
than the petiole; bracts very small, subulate; pedicels slender, short. Calyx cam-
panulate, glabrous within, without very strigosely hispid; teeth 5, minute in bud,
afterwards elongating to -05 in. long. Corolla campanulate, nearly glabrous except for
peltate shining glands; tube 1 in. long; lobes 5, ovate, rounded, about -75 in. long,
recurved in flower. Stamens exserted; filaments slender, glabrous; anthers ‘1 in.
long, oblong, prominently yellow-glandular on the back. Ovary thickly glandular,
depressed ; style slender, 2 in. long; stigma shortly 5-lobed. Drupe reddish-black
when dry, ‘15 in. in diam., top depressed, dividing into 5 pyrenes; fruiting calyx
flattened.

Borneo: at Sarawak, Beccart 3240; Haviland 3549 kx and xu: near Kuching,
Haviland 889.

802 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Weare a little in doubt whether this is the G. Beccariana, Briquet in Engl. &
Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam. IV. 3 and 165, of which we can find no description. We
think, however, that Briquet’s G. Beccariana is Beccari 2759, a beautiful species from
Sarawak with long tawny hair.

5. CaLLicaRpPA, Linn.

Trees or shrubs, more or less clothed with stellate or farinose
tomentum, with or without glandular scales, rarely quite glabrous.
Leaves opposite, rarely ternately whorled; crenulate serrulate or rarely
entire, in one species lobed. lowers small, white red or purple, in
axillary sessile or pedunculate, usually many-flowered, cymes; bracts
linear, inconspicuous. Calyx very small, shortly campanulate, truncate
or minutely 4-lobed, unaltered in fruit. Corolla small, campanulate or
tubular; tube twice as long as the calyx or less; lobes 4, oblong, erect
or spreading. Stamens 4 equal, inserted at about the middle of the
tube or lower, sometimes at the pase; filaments slender, exsert;
anthers ovate or oblong, dorsifixed ; the cells parallel, both sides usually
prominently glandular. Ovary imperfectly 2-celled; cells 2-ovuled ;
style elongate; stigma dilated, shortly and obscurely bifid; ovules
attached at the middle of the cell or higher. Frwt a small globose
drupe, supported by the persistent calyx; exocarp thin; mesocarp
fleshy; endocarp bony, of 4 or fewer pyrenes, convex on the back,
flattened on the sides. Seeds small, oblong; testa membranous; albu-
men none or evanescent ; cotyledons fleshy ; radicle inferior.—DistTRIB.
About 30 species, of Tropical and Subtropical Asia, to Japan, Australia
and Polynesia; also in Central America and the West Indies.

Lower surface of leaves covered with dense stellate tomentum,
without or with very few glandular dots; margins of leaves entire
or nearly so :—
Leaves broad, more or less elliptic; cymes long, many-
flowered :—
Leaves long-acuminate, tomentum thick; cymes dense;
corolla-tube only about :075 in. long, merely puberulous 1. C. arborea.
Leaves obtuse or very shortly acuminate. tomentum thin;
cymes spreading ; corolla-tube 1 in. long, stellate-pubescent 2. C. Maingayi.
Leaves narrow, lanceolate ; cymes short, few-flowered ; corolla-
tube ‘15 in. long, stellate-pubescent .. 3. C. angustifolia.
Lower surface of leaves densely grey stellate- flocenlose: wii
many glandular dots on both surfaces ; margins of leaves serrate :—
Cymes spreading, reaching 3 to 4 in. in diam. ; upper surface of

leaves glabrate, lower densely grey-flocculose ate -. 4. C. Reevesit.
Cymes dense, rounded, rarely 1 to 2 in. in diam. :—
Upper surface of leaves glabrate, lower whitish-grey, “a

stellately tomentose es ee: Pi 2s 110s (OC anCaaem.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 803

Upper surface of leaves hispid-puberulons, lower thinly grey-

stellate-tomentose te =e oe -. 6. C. pedunculata.
Lower surface of leaves sparsely stellate hairy, with many
glandular dots ; margins of leaves serrulate ; cymes rounded, up to
2 in, broad éo s¢ ae Sic -. 7. C. longifolia.

1. CALLICARPA ARBOREA, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 10 (1814), and FI. Ind. I.
390 (1832). <A tree reaching 40 ft. in height, with thick trunk and
round head; branches stout; branchlets thick, obtusely quadrangular,
covered with dense grey-tawny, forked, stellate or mealy tomentum,
as are the young leaves and inflorescence. Leaves coriaceous ; ovate or
elliptic-ovate, acuminate at apex, long acute or cuneate at base; upper
surface when young with mealy soft stellate-tomentum, afterwards
glabrous, lower closely tawny-stellate tomentose; margins entire or
sometimes distantly denticulate ; 6 to 12 in. long, 2 to 5in. broad ; mid-
rib very stout, much raised beneath; main nerves stout, 8 to 14 pairs,
raised beneath and joined by fairly regular transverse raised nervules,
the main nerves starting at an angle of about 55° with the midrib and
curving gently to the margin, where they anastomose; petiole stout,
1 to 2-5in. long, channelled above. Cymes very many-flowered, widely
dichotomously branched many times, reaching 6 in. in length and about
5 in. in breadth; peduncles 1 to 3 in. long; bracts linear-subulate,
-25 in. long or less; pedicels very short; flowers red or purple. Calyx
‘05 in. long, truncate and minutely 4-toothed at mouth, glabrous within.
Corolla-tube ‘075 in. long, puberulous without; lobes 4, reflexed, sub-
quadrate, as long as tube, villous without. Stamens long, exsert; anthers
clandular-punctate on the back. Ovary villous; style much exsert, bent
outwards, enlarged upwards ; stigma peltate at first, then broadly funnel-
shaped. Drupe-15 to -2in. in diam., succulent, purple, ultimately black ;
pyrenes 4 or less. Wall. Cat. 1826 chiefly. Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI.
641; Brandis For. Fl. 368; Kurz For. Fl. IT. 274 ; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl.
Br. Ind. IY. 567; Prain Beng. Plants 827. C. tectonefolia, Wall. Cat.
1827.

Kepau: at Campong Yan, Ridley 5607. Prnane: Tanjong Bunga,
Curtis 699 ; Batu Gaja jungles, Deschamps. PERAK: Wray 1824, 3957 ; at
Bruas Dindings, Ridley 7179 ; Scortechint; King’s Collector 972 (part).—
Distris. India (Kumaon to Assam, Sonthal Parganas. Chota Nagpore,
Eastern Bengal), Burma, Sumatra (Teysmann 4388; Forbes 1530, 2601).

Var. villosa, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 10 (species). Leaves 6 to 8 in. long,
3-5 to 4:5 in. broad, ovate, caudate-acuminate at apex, rounded and
then slightly decurrent at base. Tomentum of branchlets, young
leaves, and inflorescence very thick and pale, chiefly consisting of

804 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

branched hairs. This var. resembles C. lanata, Linn., of Southern
India and Ceylon in its leaves, but the flowers are those of C. arborea.

PrerAK: Scortechini.

2. CaunicaRpA Marneayi, King & Gamble in Kew Bull. 106 (1908).
A tree; young branches, inflorescence, and leaves beneath covered with
minute golden-brown stellate tomentum; branchlets stout, obtusely
quadrangular. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic or elliptic-obovate, rounded
and very shortly acute or acuminate at apex, rounded and then some-
what cuneate at base, the two sides often unequal; upper surface
glabrous except the midrib and main nerves of young leaves; lower
surface rugose and very minutely appressed stellate-pubescent ; margins
entire or undulate with minute denticulations at the ends of the nerves;
6 to 12 in. long, 3 to 6 in. broad; nerves all impressed on the upper
surface, sharply and strongly raised on the lower; the midrib stout;
main nerves 10 to 12 pairs, starting at about 75° with the midrib and
curving upwards to anastomose near the margin, the pairs joined by
fairly regular transverse nervules, and these again by the netted reticu-
lations ; petiole 1:5 to 2 in. long, stout, channelled above. Cymes many-
flowered, rounded, reaching 3-5 in. long and 6 in. broad, widely
dichotomous ; peduncle stout, flattened, 1 to 1:5 in. long, further branch-
peduncles also flattened when dry; bracts linear-subulate, very small;
pedicels -05 to -1 in. long, slender. Calyx hemispherical, -05 in. long,
tawny stellate-pubescent without, glabrous within, with 4 minute teeth.
Corolla-tube nearly cylindric, -1 in. long, densely and closely grey-
stellate-tomentose without, nearly glabrous within; lobes short, rounded,
erect or slightly recurved, ‘04 in. long, villous within. Stamens inserted
at ‘04 in. from base of tube; filaments -175 in. long; anthers oblong,
‘075 in. long, glandular-punctate on the back. Ovary villous; style
slender, bent ; stigma broad, peltate. Drwpe small, black, -06 in. in diam.
(immature).

SeLancor: Fizdley 2787. Mauacca: Maingay ae at Hulu
Chembong, Derry 1005, Vern. “‘ Tampang Best.”

In Kew Herbarium, Maingay’s specimen has been placed under C. urborea, but
the species differs in many respects. The venation of the leaves is yery different, as is
the tomentum of much smaller stellate hairs; the leaves are nearly blunt; the tube
of the corolla much longer, and its lobes much shorter; and we have no hesitation in
describing it as a new species. re

3. CALLICARPA ANGUSTIFOLIA, King & Gamble in Kew Bull. 106
(1908). A shrub, reaching 8 to 9 ft. in height; branchlets, inflorescence,
and leaves beneath (also young ones above) clothed with appressed
grey or ferruginous stellate tomentum ; branchlets obscurely quadran-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 805

gular. Leaves subcoriaceous; lanceolate, attenuately acute at apex,
long attenuate at base and decurrent; upper surface dark, glabrous
except when young; lower densely tomentose, grey-tawny or silvery ;
margins entire or rarely obscurely denticulate, slightly recurved; 4 to 7in.
long, ‘75 to 1:5 in. broad; midrib stout, impressed above, prominent
beneath ; main nerves 9 to 15 pairs, rather irregular, starting at from
60° to 70° with the midrib and at once curving upwards to and along
the margin, joined by subparallel transverse nervules; petiole ‘5 to °75
in. long, the bases of the opposite leaves joined by a well-marked ridge.
Cymes few-flowered, °5 to ‘75 in. long and about °75 in. broad, widely
dichotomous; peduncles :25 to -35 in. long; bracts linear-subulate;
pedicels very short, jointed; flowers bluish-pink. Calyx campanulate,
‘075 in. long, densely stellate-tomentose without, glabrous within ;
teeth mucronulate. Corolla about twice as long as calyx, densely
stellate-tomentose without, glabrous within; lobes rounded, erect.
Stamens inserted at or very near the base of the corolla-tube ; filaments
slender, -15 in. long, scarcely or not exsert ; anthers -06 in. long, oblong,
much glandular-dotted on both sides. Ovary villous; style slender,
exsert ; stigma capitate. Drupe glabrous, globose, ‘1 in. in diam., dark
blue when ripe; pyrenes 4.

Kerpaxu: on Langkawi Island, Ridley 8330. Prrax: at Ipoh, Curtis
3197; at Batu Kuran, Scortechina 1596; on the top of limestone hills
600 to 1000 ft., King’s Collector 7036, 8236.

The Kedah specimens have narrower leaves than the rest, with more slen-
der branchlets. The species comes near to C. angusta, Schauer, from the Philippines,
but differs in the almost quite entire leaves and larger flowers and fruit.

4. CALLICARPA ReEEveEsII, Wall. Cat. 1830 (1828). A shrub; the
branches, petioles, under surface of leaves, and inflorescence covered with
a soft, whitish-grey or pale tawny, mealy tomentum of branched or stel-
late hairs. Leaves coriaceous; lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, long
acute at apex, attenuate at base and often slightly unequal, not decur-
rent; upper surface dark when dry, glabrous except the nerves, lower
tomentose; margins entire for the lower third, above that shortly
dentate-serrate ; 5 to 8 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad; midrib stout; main
nerves 13 to 15 pairs, nearly regular, starting at an angle of 45° to 60°
with the midrib and curving gently to the margin, each pair joined by
rather obscure transverse nervelets, all slightly impressed above;
petiole -75 in. long. Cymes axillary, rounded, many-flowered, widely
dichotomous, reaching 4 in. long and about 3 in. broad; peduncles
1:5 to 2 in. long; bracts linear subulate, -1 in. long; pedicels short,
slender, nearly glabrous, ‘05 to -1 in. long; flowers purple? Calyx very

806 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

short, nearly glabrous but with a few stellate hairs and minutely
glandular-punctate, very shortly 4-toothed. -Corolla twice as long as
calyx, ‘1 in. ; lobes rounded, sparsely stellate-pubescent and glandular-
punctate. Stamens long exsert; filaments slender; anthers small; the
connective glandular-punctate. Ovary rounded, very glandular; style
very long, twisted; stigma peltate, large. Druwpe purple, small, 075 to
‘1 in. in diam., nearly globose ; pyrenes 4. Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI.
641; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 270; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. TV. 568.
C. nudiflora, Hook. and Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 206, t. 46.

StnGAPorE: near the Botanic Gardens, Murton 87; Ridley 6884
cult. !—Disrris. Tenasserim (?) (Falconer) ; Southern China.

5. CALLICARPA CANA, Linn. Mant. 198 (1771). A shrub; branchlets,
leaves beneath, and inflorescence covered with a down of whitish or grey
or cinnamomeous stellate hairs; branchlets obtusely quadrangular.
Leaves membranous; ovate, ovate-elliptic or ovate-lanceolate, shortly
acuminate at apex, cuneately attenuate at base; upper surface stellate-
tomentose when young, afterwards glabrous, shining and dark-coloured,
glandular-punctate ; lower more or less whitish-grey stellate-tomentose,
sometimes glabrescent, sometimes rugose, but more usually softly and
conspicuously hairy, glandular-punctate beneath the tomentum; margins
glandular-serrate, except at the cuneate base; 4 to 7 in. long, 2 to 3 in.
broad; midrib rather slender, pubescent above; main nerves 10 to 12
pairs, impressed above, slightly raised beneath, starting at an angle of
40° to 45° with the midrib and curving upwards to the margin, joined
by regular transverse nearly parallel nervules; reticulations netted,
impressed above; petiole -25 to -75 in. long, upper part bordered by the
decurrent margins of the blade. Cymes many-flowered, rounded,
scarcely longer than the petioles, dichotomous ; peduncles about 25 in.
long ; bracts linear-subulate, very small; pedicels very short ; flowers
pale-red. Calyx densely white-stellate-tomentose without, glabrous
within, ‘05 in. long; teeth very minute. Corolla campanulate; tube
glabrous, ‘075 in. long; lobes rounded, ‘025 in. long, -slightly white-
villous without. Stamens inserted close to the base of the tube; fila-
ments much exsert, twisted, ‘15 in. long; anthers -02 in. long; the
connective glandular-punctate. Ovary somewhat depressed; style
decurved, often twisted, as long as filaments; stigma funnel-shaped.
Drwpe globose, under ‘1 in. long in diam., purple; pyrenes 4. Vahl Symb.
III. 12; Roxb. Fl. Ind. I. 392; Wall. Cat. 1834; Blume Bijdr. 817;
Dene in Nouv. Ann. Mus. III. 401; Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 643;
Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 885; Benth. Fl. Austral. V. 56; Clarke in Hook.
f. Fl. Br. Ind. TV.568. C. tomentosa, Lamk. Dict. I. 562. C. americana,
Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 70, not of Linn. C, adenanthera, Br. Prodr, 513,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 807

C. Heynet, Roth Nov. Sp. 82; Blume Bijdr. 819. C. bicolor, Juss. in
Ann. Mus. VII. 77; Schauer in DC. l.c. 642. C. swmatrana, Mia. I. c.
886. C. dentata, Herb. Roxb., Wall. Cat. 1834, not of Roth.

Penane: Wallich 1834; Porter; Phillips. Neari Sempian: Port
Dickson, Sungei Ujong, Ridley 9574. Matacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1190;
Griffith; Ridley 1589. Sincarpore: Kurz 2908.—Distrip. Malay
Archipelago, Philippine Islands, Australia.

Clarke in Fl. Br. Ind. does not quote Bot. Mag. 2107, which Bentham had said
probably represented a much more woolly plant, though it might be a var. of cana.
With this we agree.

6. CALLICARPA PEDUNCULATA, Br. Prodr. Fl. Novy.-Holl. 513 (1810).
A shrub with rather loose tomentum ; branchlets stellate-pubescent.
Leaves membranous ; ovate, cuspidate-acuminate at apex, rounded at
base ; upper surface hispid-puberulous above, especially on the nerves,
lower surface thinly whitish-grey stellate-tomentose ; margins serrulate
on the upper two-thirds; 3 to 6 in. long, 1:5 to 3 in. broad; midrib
slender, main nerves about 10 pairs, curving gently upwards to the
margin; transverse nervules many and rather prominent; petiole -25
to 5 in.long. Cymes rather dense, globose, stellately woolly, on peduncles
‘25 to ‘75 in. long; bracts and bracteoles linear subulate; pedicels
extremely short. Calyx campanulate, about ‘03 in. long, stellate-
pubescent and glandular; teeth short, thick. Corolla funnel-shaped,
‘125 in. long; tube nearly glabrous; teeth rounded puberulous within.
Stamens inserted at the base of the tube ; filaments long exsert, slender ;
anthers elliptic-reniform, the connective prominently gland-dotted.
Ovary rounded, glabrous, glandular; style very long; stigma thick,
capitate. Drwpe dark purple, globose, -1 in. in diam. ; exocarp smooth.
Benth. Hl. Austral. V. 57; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl: Br. Tad. IV. 569.
C. cuspidata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. I. 394. CC. dentata, Roth Nov. Sp. 81;
Blume Bijdr. 818; Wall. Cat. 6319. C. cana, Wall. Cat. 1834, No. 2.
C. lanata, Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 644, not of Linn. or of Vahl.
C. tihefolia, Teysm. & Binn. fide Kurz MS.

Penane: Wallich 1834,2, 6319.—Distris. Malay Archipelago,
Tropical Australia.

7. CALLICARPA LoNGIFoLIA, Lamk. Dict. I. 563 (1785), and IIl. t. 69
(1791). A shrub, reaching 5 to 6 ft. in height; branchlets, inflorescence,
and leaves beneath rather sparsely covered with a short grey or tawny
tomentum of stellate hairs; branchlets obtusely quadrangular, slender.
_ Leaves membranous; lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate or occasionally oblong-
lanceolate, long acuminate at apex, acuminately narrowed at base or
rarely almost rounded; upper surface nearly glabrous, lower also some-

808 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

times glabrescent, more usually sparsely stellate-hairy; both surfaces
gland-dotted ; margins serrulate except near the base; 3 to 7 in. long,
1:5 to 3 in. broad; midrib slender but prominent beneath ; main nerves
10 to 12 pairs, starting at an angle of 50° to 60° with the midrib and
curving upwards to and along the margin, joined by regular parallel
transverse nervelets, all nerves and midrib more or less pubescent ;
petiole ‘5 to 1 in. long, slender. Cymes dichotomously divaricate-branched,
rounded, 1 to 1:5 in. long, and up to 2 in. broad; peduncles -35 to °5 in.
long; bracts linear-subulate; pedicels slender, short, glabrescent in
fruit ; flowers pale blue, purplish, pink or white (Benth. in Fl. Austral.).
Calyx campanulate, :05 in. long, glandular-dotted and sparsely stellate-
hairy; teeth 4, mucronulate. Corolla nearly twice as long as calyx,
pubescent without, glabrous within ; lobes rounded, erect or incurved,
about -025 in. long. Stamens inserted at the very base of the tube;
filaments long exsert, slender, twisted; anthers ovate-orbicular; the
connective prominently gland-dotted. Ovary villous; style long,
curved, often deflexed; stigma funnel-shaped. Drupe white, depressed,
glandular, ‘05 to ‘07 in. in diam.; pyrenes 4. Bot. Reg. t. 864; Roxb.
Fl. Ind. I. 394; Brandis For. Fl. 369; Kurz For. Fl. IJ. 275; Schauer
in DC. Prodr. XI. 645, Var. 8 floccosa; Benth. Fl. Austral. V. 57;
Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. IT. 887; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. I. 176; Clarke in FI.
Br. Ind. IV. 570. C. Roxburghiana, Roem & Sch. Syst. III. Mant. 54.
C. attenuata, Wall. Cat. 1835. C. cana, Wall. Cat. 1834 (partly).
C. dentata, Wall. Cat. 6319 (partly).

Kepau: on Langkawi Island, Curtis 2134. Penane (or SINGAPORE) :
Wallich 1835. PENANG: at waterfall and half-way up hill, G. King ;
Stoliczka. Perak: Scortechint 1214; King’s Collector (Kunstler) 80,
239. Mawuacca: Griffith (K.D.) 6039; Maigay (K.D.) 1191. Ssnan-
Gor: Curtis. JoHORE: at Jaffaria, G. King. Srncapore: Lobb;
Hullett ; Cantley 120; Schomburgk 54; G. Thomson 44; Walker 207 ;
Deschamps (cult.)—Distrr. Java, Sumatra, Borneo, to North
Australia.

6. Tectona, Linn. f. —

Trees, stellately tomentose. Leaves opposite or whorled, large,
entire, petioled. Flowers in dichotomous many-flowered cymes, in
large terminal panicles; bracts small, narrow. Calyx campanulate,
shortly 5- to 6-lobed, enlarged and becoming bladder-like in fruit and
then ovoid or urceolate. Corolla small, white or bluish; tube short ;
limb with 5 to 6 short subequal spreading imbricate lobes. Stamens
5 to 6, attached near the base of the corolla-tube, equal, exserted ;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 809

anthers ovate or oblong with distinct parallel cells. Ovary fleshy,
4-celled; each cell 1-ovuled, ovules attached near their bases to the
axis ; style linear; stigma shortly bifid. Fruit a drupe enclosed in the
accrescent calyx; exocarp spongy-suberose or almost none; endocarp
bony, thick, 4-celled. Seeds erect, oblong; testa membranous;
albumen 0; cotyledons fleshy and oily ; radicle short, inferior.—D1stTRIB.
Species 3, one in India and Malaya, one in Burma, the third in the
Philippine Islands.

TECTONA GRANDIS, Linn. f. Suppl. 151 (1781). A large deciduous
tree; branchlets quadrangular, channelled, stellately tomentose, as are
the young leaves, leaves beneath and inflorescence. Leaves coriaceo-
chartaceous ; ovate elliptic or obovate, acute or shortly acuminate at
apex, rounded acute or cuneate often decurrent at base; upper
surface stellate-tomentose when young, afterwards glabrescent, scabrous
and punctate with round whitish glands, lower with grey or tawny
stellate tomentum ; margins entire; 1 to 2 ft. long, 6 in. to 1 ft. broad
(leaves of seedlings and coppice shoots often much larger) ; midrib very
stout, much raised beneath; main nerves 8 to 12 pairs, branched and
curving upwards, joined by numerous prominent parallel transverse
nervules; petiole ‘5 to 1:5 in. long, very stout, rounded below, the
bases of opposite petioles joined by a prominent ridge. Panicles 1 to
3 ft. in length and breadth, much spreading, 2- to 3-chotomous; ulti-
mate branches with a sessile fertile flower in the angle; peduncles
quadrangular, 0 to 3 in. long; bracts lanceolate or spathulate, lower
ones leafy, in pairs at the forks; pedicels very short; flowers white.
Calyx in flower globose-campanulate, -125 in. long; lobes 5 or 6, -05 in.
long, acute; calyx in fruit ovoid, ventricose, reticulate, often 1 to 1:5 in.
in diam., with small teeth nearly closing the orifice. Corolla white,
glabrous, 5 to 6-lobed; tube about -1 in. long; limb spreading; lobes sub-
equal. Ovary densely hairy. Drupe subglobose, ‘5 to -75 in. in diam.,
indistinctly 4-lobed; pericarp soft, with dense felted stellate or
branched hairs; endocarp thick, bony. Seeds obovoid; testa thin;
cotyledons conform with the seed, fleshy; radicle very small. Gaertn.
Heleiiedoroot. Of: Roxb. Cor. PL 10) t. 6; and HI- ind. I 600;
Wall. Cat. 772; Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 622; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb.
Fl. 199; Bocq. Rev. Verb. 99, t. 10; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Madr. t. 250;
Brandis For. Fl. 354, t. 44; Kurz, For. Fl. IIT. 259; Bl. Bijdr. 820;
Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. II. 901; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 570;
Cooke, Fl. Bomb. II. 424; Prain Beng. Plants, 828; Koord. & Val. Bijdr.
VII. 165; Briquet in Engl. & Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam. IV. 3a, 167,
t. 63. ©“ Theka,’ Rheede Hort. Mal. IV.-57, t. 27; Rumph. Herb.
Amb, ITT, t. 18.

6

810 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Matay Peninsunta: Burma to Malacca, fide Fl. Br. Ind. &¢.—
Distris. India, Burma, Siam, Sumatra, Java. The teak-tree, often
cultivated (Manacca: Maingay, (K.D.) 1193).

We include here the teak-tree, on the authority of the Fl. Br. Ind., but there are
no specimens from the Malay Peninsula, from wild trees, in either of the herbaria of
Kew or Calcutta. Mr. Ridley informs us that, so far as he is aware, the teak-tree is
nowhere indigenous in the Malay Peninsula.

7. Premna, Linn.

Trees or shrubs, sometimes climbing. Leaves opposite or some-
times in whorls of 4, entire or toothed. Flowers in corymbose or
panicled or sometimes thyrsoid, pubescent, terminal cymes; bracts
small, narrow; bracteoles 0. Calyx small, campanulate, truncate,
2-lipped or shortly 2- to 5-toothed. Corolla small; tube short, often
villous within; limb 2-lipped, 5-lobed or subequally 4-lobed. Stamens
4 didynamous, inserted below the throat of the corolla-tube, rarely
exserted; anthers ovate or rounded, the cells parallel or divergent.
Ovary 2- or 4-celled, 4-ovuled; style linear; stigma shortly bifid.
Fruit a small drupe, surrounded below by the calyx, globose or
obovoid ; mesocarp thin, fleshy; endocarp of 1 pyrene, hard, undivided,
4-celled or by abortion 1- to 3-celled, with a central cavity. Seeds
oblong; testa thin; albumen 0; cotyledons flat; radicle inferior.—
Distris. Species 40 or more, in the warmer regions of the Old
World.

Calyx clearly 2-lipped :—
Upper lip of calyx 3-lobed ; lower 2-lobed :—
Leaves prominently crenate-dentate, ovate or ovate-deltoid,
cordate Ae ac 5: ais .. LIL. P. littoralis.
Leaves entire or very obscurely and distantly toothed, ovate 2. P. flavescens
Upper lip of calyx 2-lobed :— var. rubens.
Lower lip of calyx entire or obscurely lobed; corolla-tube
funnel-shaped :—
Cymes in panicles of interrupted spikes; leaves subsessile 3. P. Derryana.
Cymes in corymbose panicles: leaves petioled :—
Corymbs small, under 2 in. in diam. ; leaves under 3°5 in.

long bt a0 50 Oc .. 4. P. integrifolia
var. angustior.

Corymbs rather large, reaching 5 in. in diam.; leaves
over 3 in. long.
Corymbs lax :—
Main nerves of leaves 6 to 8 pairs; leaves acuminate
at apex, truncate or cordate at base; calyx-tube
puberulous Bo St oe .. 5. P. fetida.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 811

Main nerves of leaves 5 to 6 pairs; leaves obtuse
or very shortly acute or acuminate at apex :—

Leaves ovate or elliptic, membrano-chartaceous.. 6. P. divaricata.
Leaves obovate or orbicular, chartaceous .. 7. P. trichostoma.
Leaves elliptic or elliptic lanceolate, coriaceo-
chartaceous .. oe -» 8. P. perakensis.
Main nerves of leaves 4 tah 5 pairs, leaves broadly
elliptic oe 50 os -. 9. P.punctulata.

Corymbs compact :—
Corymbs 3 in. in diam. ; leaves membranous, ovate-
acuminate, cordate or truncate at base, yellowish-
brown when dry D0 90 -- 10. P. cordifolia.
Corymbs 4 to 5 in. in diam.; leaves coriaceous,
elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, shortly acuminate at
apex, attenuate at base; reddish-brown when dry 11. P. Wrayji.
Corymbs 8 in. in diam. ; leaves membranous, broadly
ovate, acuminate at apex, truncate or cordate at
base; reddish-brown when dry. 20 . 12. P. sterculifolia.
‘Lower lip of calyx 2-lobed, calyx-tube atibquadraneular
leaves under 3 in. long; corymbs rather small; corolla-tube
slender oC 56 50 30 .. 13. P. Ridleyt.
Calyx not 2-lipped :—
Calyx truncate or very obscurely lobed; leaves coriaceous,

elliptic, obtuse at apex, rounded at base . 14. P. Kunstleri.
Calyx subequally 5-lobed; leaves large, stellate Forigntosey 4 as
are branchlets and inflorescence oc a6 .. 15. P. pyramidata.

1. PREMNA LITTORALIS, King & Gamble in Kew Bull. 107 (1908).
A small tree; branchlets nearly as thick as a goosequill, obscurely
angled, tawny-pubescent, with small lenticels; the nodes marked by a
ridge connecting the petioles. Leaves chartaceo-coriaceous; ovate or
ovate-deltoid, acuminate at apex, cordate at base, the sinus -25 to °d in.
deep; both surfaces glabrous except the nerves, which are puberulous ;
margins acutely crenate-dentate except in the curves of the sinus;
4 to 6 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad; midrib strong, raised beneath; main
nerves 7 to 9 pairs, the lowest 1 to 2 pairs starting from the base and
divaricate, the rest starting at an angle of about 50° with the midrib
and curving upwards ; transverse nervules distant, few, not prominent ;
petiole 1 to 1:5 in. long, slender, puberulous. Cymes in terminal,
spreading, 3-chotomous, tawny-pubescent corymbs, reaching 4 in. in
length and 6 in. in breadth; peduncles -75 to 1 in. long; primary
branches up to 1°5 in. long, rest gradually shorter; bracts linear, per-
sistent, the lowest sometimes leaf-like ; pedicels very short, with a pair
of minute bracteoles below the calyx; flowers very pale green. Calyx
‘075 to 1 in. long, 2-lipped, upper shortly 3-lobed, lower longer, 2-lobed ;
lobes rounded; tube pubescent without. Corolla 2-lipped, half as long

812 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

again as the calyx; upper lip broad, bifid, lower 3-lobed, the midlobe
longest; all lobes rounded ; tube glabrous without, also within except
the belt of thick villous hairs just below the mouth. Stamens (in bud)
included ; filaments short, thick; anthers reniform, very shortly 1- to
2-mucronate. Ovary subglobose, depressed, glabrous except for a few
glandular scales; style thick; stigma very shortly 2-fid. Drupe
globose, glabrous, fleshy; endocarp tuberculate; cells 4, one only
usually fertile. Seed oblong, acute at each end; testa membranous
with a corky outer layer; cotyledons shortly oblong, obtuse, cordate,
‘05 in. long, fleshy. é

PERAK: sea-coast at Matang, Wray 2719.

2. PREMNA FLAVESCENS, Ham.; Wall. Cat. 2649 (1828); Clarke in
Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 578; Prain Beng. Plants, 831.

Var. rubens, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 578 (1885). A
shrub or small tree (a climber—Koorders ¢ Valeton); branchlets the
size of a crow-quill, grey-pubescent, obscurely angled. Leaves charta-
ceous when dry; ovate or ovate-oblong, acuminate at apex, cordate or
rounded or somewhat cuneate at base; upper surface shining, sparsely
setulose especially on the nerves, lower surface tawny-pubescent; entire
or the upper half obscurely and distantly toothed; 4 to 6 in. long,
2 to 2°5 in. broad ; midrib rather stout, raised beneath; main nerves
6 to 9 pairs, the lowest 1 or 2 (first very small) pairs from the base, at an
angle of about 40° with the midrib, curving upwards to and along the
margin, the upper ones joining in an intramarginal looped nerve which
ends in the midrib at the acumination; transverse nervules many,
conspicuous on the lower surface; petiole 1 to 1:5 in. long, slender,
puberulous. Cymes in terminal tawny-pubescent corymbs about 4 in.
in diam.; branches 3- then 2-chotomous; peduncle 1 to 2 in. long;
bracts small, linear; pedicels short, under ‘05 in. long; flowers greenish.
Calyx campanulate, ‘(05 to ‘1 in. long, pubescent without, 2-lipped,
upper lip 3-lobed, lower 2-lobed, all lobes obtuse, nearly equal; fruiting
calyx saucer-shaped. Corolla funnel-shaped, :1 to ‘15 in. long, 2-lipped,
upper lip shortly bilobed, reflexed, lower 3-lobed, the midlobe longest
and oblong; tube much villous-hairy within. Stamens exsert; filaments
flattened ; anthers reniform, the cells nearly parallel. Ovary glabrous,
depressed ; style slender, as long as the stamens; stigma 2-lobed, the
lobes slender, horizontally spreading. Drwpe globose, ‘15 to ‘2 in. in
diam., with numerous shining glands; endocarp tuberculate. Seed
oblanceolate, about ‘1 in. long, usually one only in each drupe; coty-
ledons fleshy, ovate-oblong ; radicle thick. P. lucidula, Miq. Fl. Ind.
Bat. II. 898; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. VII. 188.

Manacoa: Ayer Punnas, Griffith (K.D.) 6020.— Disrris. Burma,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 813

Java (Teysmann No. 10; Zollinger 645; Koorders 31425 f), Sumatra
(Forbes 2621—a climbing shrub).

3. Premna DerryAna, King & Gamble in Kew Bull. 107 (1908).
A climbing (?) shrub; branchlets smooth, brown, with large circular or
ellliptic lenticels. Leaves membranous when dry, subsessile; elliptic
or obovate, shortly and obtusely acute at apex, attenuate and obscurely
auricled at base; both surfaces shining, glabrous; margins entire; 5 to
8 in. long, 3:5 to 4 in. broad; midrib slender, impressed above, raised
beneath ; main nerves 7 to 8 pairs, often branched, curving upwards to
and along the margin where they anastomose; transverse nervules
slender, and with the minor reticulations rather prominent. Cymes in
terminal panicles of three to four spikes, each spike with many inter-
rupted glomerules of sessile flowers, the inflorescence 6 to 8 in. long;
main peduncles 2 to 2°5 in. long, secondary peduncles -75 to 1 in. long;
bracts lanceolate, at the main divisions, ‘25 in. long. Calyx deeply
bilabiate ; the upper lip entire at first, afterwards 2-lobed, -125 in. long,
the lower one entire, ‘1 in. long; tube golden-pubescent without.
Corolla-tube rather longer than the calyx, glabrous except for a few
villous white hairs in the throat within ; lips 2, posterior lip emarginate,
erect, anterior lip 3-lobed, the lobes obtuse, the midlobe the longest.
Stamens 4 long exsert; filaments puberulous, twisted; anthers reni-
form ; cells opening by oblong pores. Ovary glabrous, depressed ; cells
4, one only apparently seed-bearing; style slender, as long as the sta-
mens; stigma of 2 slender horizontal lobes. Drupe not seen.

Perak: on Lartt Hills, Derry (Curtis 3701).

4, PReMNA INTEGRIFOLIA, Linn. Mant. II. 252 (1771); Cooke FI.
Bomb. II. 426; Prain Beng. Plants, 830. PP. serratifolia, Linn. l. c.
253; Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 632; Bedd. For. Man. in Flor. Sylv.
CLXXII.; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 352. P. spinosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ITI.
77. P. sambucina, Wall. Cat. 1775; Schauer, l.c. 631. ‘Gumira
littorea,’ Rumph. Herb. Amb. III. 209, t. 134.

Var. angustior, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 574 (1885). A
small shrub, 3 to 6 ft. in height ; branchlets nearly glabrous, the size of
a crow-quill, terete. Leaves elliptic or elliptic-ovate, obtusely acute at
apex, rounded or narrowed at base; glabrous on both sides except on
the midrib and main nerves; margins entire or obscurely crenate-
dentate in the upper half; 2 to 3:5 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad; midrib
slender, puberulous above and raised, tawny-villous along the sides and
in the axils below; main nerves 4 to 5 pairs, lowest 2 pairs rather close
to the base and long, the rest more spreading and curved upwards to
join in an obscure intramarginal looped nerve; few transverse nervules
and reticulations obscure; petiole slender, puberulous, 25 to ‘din. long.

814 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

Corymbs puberulous, terminal or pseudo-axillary in upper axils, up to
2 in. broad; sessile or on peduncles up to 1:din. long; branches at first
3- afterwards 2-chotomous; bracts minute, lanceolate; pedicels very
short; flowers greyish-white. Calyx 2-lipped; upper lip with 2 trian-
gular lobes, lower obtuse, obscurely 2- to 3-dentate ; tube rugose and
puberulous without, 05 in. long. Corolla-tube cylindric, ‘1 in. long,
puberulous; limb 2-lipped; upper lip subequally 3-lobed, the middle
lobe slightly the longest and incurved; lower lip rounded obtuse,
rather shorter, scarcely ‘05 in. long; upper half of tube within thickly
_white-villous. Stamens slightly exsert; anther-cells slightly di-
varicate. Drupe obovoid, depressed at top, rugose and obscurely
ribbed, ‘15 in. long; endocarp ribbed, bony, 4-celled. Seeds ovoid,
acute; testa pale, slightly corky ; cotyledons flat, shallowly emarginate
at top.

Kepau: Langkawi Island, Curtis 2955. Prenane: Kunstler (King’s
Collector) 1670; J. Scott. Province WELLESLEY: at Batu Kawan,
Fiidley 9353. Mauacca: Griffith (K.D.) 6030; Maingay (K.D.) 1201.
Sincapore: Lzdley 8900.—Distris. Amherst in Tenasserim, Falconer ;
tidal forests of Tavoy, W. A. Hearsey.

5. PREMNA F@TIDA, Reinw. ex Blume Bijdr. 816 (1825). A large
shrub or small tree with spreading branches, reaching 20 to 30 ft. in
height; bark white; branchlets subtetragonous to cylindric, tawny-
pubescent, as are the young leaves, the nerves of the mature leaves, and
the inflorescence; nodes with a prominent villous ridge joining the
bases of the petioles. Leaves chartaceous; ovate, sometimes ovate-
lanceolate, rarely ovate-oblong, shortly acuminate at apex, rounded or
truncate or slightly cordate at base; shining on the upper surface and
dark when dry ; paler, often almost grey on the lower surface; margins
entire or slightly repand above; 3 to 6 in. long, 2 to 3:5 in. broad ; midrib
slender, prominent beneath; main nerves 6 to 8 pairs, the lowest 2 pairs
almost from the base, the lowest spreading, the rest at about 45° with
the midrib, gently curving to and along the margin; transverse nervules
rather distant, irregular; petiole:75 to 2 in. long. Corymbs lax, reach-
ing 5 in. long and broad, subsessile or on about 1 in. long peduncles,
3-chotomous below, 2-chotomous above; the branches divaricate; bracts
very small, linear; pedicels short, under -05 in. long; flowers white.
Calyx cup-shaped, ‘05 to :075 in. long, 2-lipped, upper lip acutely
2-lobed, lower very shortly 3-lobed; tube puberulous without. Corolla-
tube funnel-shaped, ‘1 in. long, densely white-villous in the upper half
within ; obscurely 2-lipped, upper lip short, lower 3-lobed, recurved,
the midlobe longest and incurved. Stamens attached to the throat of
the corolla-tube, shortly exsert ; anther-cells elliptic with elliptic pores.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 815

Ovary depressed, glabrous; style short; stigma very shortly bifid.
Drupe globose, 4-sulcate; epicarp rugose; cells 4, all or fewer with
seeds. Seeds fusiform, keeled; testa pale. Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI.
630; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 891; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. VII. 192.
P. opulifolia, Mig. l.c. 898. Gumira fetida, Hassk. in Flora, 25 beibl.
p. 26. ‘ Gumira domestica,’ Rumph. Herb. Amb. III. 208, fide
Miq. & Schauer.

KrpaH: near sea-level, Kunstler (King’s Collector) 1737. Prax:
on the coast at Matong, Wray 2493; near sea-level, Kunstler (King’s
Collector) 1016. JoHnore: at Batu Pahat, Ridley 11137. Srincapore:
cult., Rzdley 6893.—Distris. Java (Koorders 20179 B; Zollanger 2740) ;
Borneo (Haviland & Hose 3394, &c.).

We follow Koorders & Valeton in putting P. opulifolia, Miq., under P. fetida,
Reinw. But our specimens agree better with the description of P. opulifolia than
with those of P. fetida. As pointed out by Koorders & Valeton, the description of
the calyx given for P. fetida as “obsolete sub-4-dentatus, vulgo 3-denticulatus, quarto
dente abortivo”’ is abnormal. That given for P. opulifolia is quite correct.

6. Premna pDivaricaTa, Wall. Cat. 1781 (1828). A climbing shrub ;
branchlets slender, terete, nearly black when dry, with sparse rounded
or oblong lenticels. Leaves membranous when young, chartaceous
when older; ovate or elliptic, briefly acute or bluntly acuminate at
apex, rounded or attenuate sometimes subcordate at base; upper sur-
face slightly shining, glabrous except the nerves; lower dull, glabrous
except for villous hairs along the midrib and in the axils of the main
nerves, obscurely dotted; entire; 3 to 5 in. long, 2 to 3:5 in. broad;
midrib slender, slightly impressed above; main nerves 5 to 6 pairs, at
an angle of 40° to 60° with the midrib, the lowest 1 to 2 pairs from near
the base, curved upwards to join in loops near the margin; transverse
nervules few, irregular, inconspicuous, as are the finely netted reticula-
tions ; petiole ‘5 to 1:5 in. long, channelled above. Corymbs divaricate,
many-flowered, slightly puberulous, terminal, reaching in fruit 5 in. in
diam., sessile or on peduncles 1 to 2 in. long, 3-chotomous below,
9-chotomous above; bracts linear-lanceolate, small, the lowest some-

times leafy; pedicels very short; flowers greenish-white. Calyx cup-
shaped, prominently 2-lipped, the upper lip much longer than the lower,
with 2 rounded -03 in. long lobes; the lower entire or shortly
3-toothed; tube rugose without and glandular-dotted. Corolla-tube
cylindric, ‘075 in. long, puberulous without, white-villous within on the
upper half; limb 2-lipped; upper lip short, retuse, broad; lower lip
3-lobed, the midlobe longest, up to ‘075 in. Stamens inserted near the
mouth of the corolla-tube, slightly exsert; anther-cells divaricate.

816 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Ovary rounded; style as long as stamens; stigma very shortly bifid.
Drupe ovoid, ‘25 in. long; epicarp smooth; pericarp fleshy ; endocarp
ribbed; pyrenes 3- to 4-celled. Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 681; Clarke
in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 575. P. luctdula, Kurz For. FI. IT. 263,
not of Miq.

PENANG: beach at Tanjong Bunga, Curtis 215. Dinpinas: Pang-
kore Island, Ridley 7180. Matacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1198-9; at
Sungei Hudang, Goodenough 1350. Sincapore: gardens in scrub,
Fiidley 10841.—Distriw. Java.

7. PREMNA TRICHOSTOMA, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 892 (1856). A
large climbing shrub, reaching to a considerable height, the stem
reaching 3 to 5 in. in diam.; branchlets thick, shining, glabrous, pale
brown. Leaves at first chartaceous, afterwards subcoriaceous, very
variable; ovate- or obovate-elliptic, sometimes nearly orbicular, shortly
acuminate at apex or sometimes attenuately acute, rounded or subcor-
date or cuneate at base; glabrous on both surfaces except on the
nerves ; margins entire or sometimes undulate at apex; 4 to 7 in. long,
2 to 5 in. broad; midrib slender, raised beneath; main nerves 5 to 6
pairs, at from 30° to 45° with the midrib, the lowest pair from the base,
the next rather close, the rest distant, all straight at first, then branched
outwards and curved to join near the margin, raised on both surfaces
when old: transverse nervules many; petiole ‘75 to 1 in. long, pube-
rulous. Corymbs terminal, reaching 4 to 8 in. in diam., puberulous,
sessile or on 1 in. long peduncles; branches 3- afterwards 2-chotomous,
thickening in fruit; bracts lanceolate, short; pedicels none; flowers
cream-coloured. Calyx cup-shaped, obscurely tetragonous, puberulous
without, ‘05 to ‘07 in. long, 2-lipped, the upper lip 2-lobed, the lower
faintly 2-toothed or entire; all teeth less prominent in fruit. Corolla
campanulate; tube ‘1 in. long, densely villous within in the upper half;
limb subequally 4-lobed, the lobes rounded, lower one slightly smaller,
all recurved. Stamens inserted at the mouth of the corolla-tube, long
exsert; filaments slightly flattened ; anther-cells small, rounded, didy-
mous, opening by elongated pores. Stigma 2-fid, the divisions divaricate,
rather long. Drwpe pyriform, 4-celled, one cell only enlarged and seed-
bearing. Seeds oblong, flattened; testa membranous. Koord. & Val.
Bijdr. VII. 184. P. parasitica, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 574,
not of Blume.

KepaH: Langkawi Island, Curtis 2796. Prrax: at waterfall, 300 ft.,
Wray 2403 ; King’s Collector 3008, 10310; Scortechina 192. Manacca:
Griffith 6019. JoHorE: Aidley 11136. Sinearore: Ridley 5026, 6828,
8914.—Disrris. Borneo (Haviland).

8. PREMNA PERAKENSIS, King & Gamble in Kew Bull. 107 (1908).

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 817

A shrubby climber; branches brown, sparsely lenticellate, glabrous,
smooth. Leaves chartaceo-coriaceous ; elliptic-oblong or -lanceolate,
sometimes -obovate, shortly and bluntly acute at apex, narrowed or
cuneate at base; both surfaces glabrous, even the nerves, slightly
rugose; margins entire, slightly recurved; 3 to 5in. long, 1:5 to 2°25 in.
broad; midrib stout, impressed above, raised beneath; main nerves
5 to 6 pairs, also impressed above and raised beneath, the lowest pair
opposite and from close to the base, starting at from 25° to 40° with the
midrib and nearly straight, curving only near the margin where they
form a looped intramarginal nerve; transverse nervules many, incon-
spicuous ; petiole ‘5 to ‘75 in. long, glabrous, channelled above. Corymbs
spreading, tawny-puberulous, reaching 6 in. in length and in diam.,
3-chotomous, afterwards 2-chotomous, sessile or on stout peduncles
2 to 3 in. long; bracts ovate-lanceolate, those of lower divisions leafy ;
pedicels 0; flowers pale green with white stamens. Calyx obscurely
quadrangular, pubescent, nerved, the nerves prominent in fruiting
examples, ‘06 in. long; 2-lipped, the upper lip 2-lobed, the lower entire
or obscurely 2-lobed. Corolla funnel-shaped; the tube -125 in. long,
densely white-villous in the upper half; limb subequally 4-lobed, the
lobes recurved, ciliate. Stamens inserted at the mouth of the corolla-
tube, long exsert; filaments somewhat flattened; anther-cells nearly
globose, didymous, opening by circular pores; connective glandular.
Ovary glabrous; style long exsert; stigma divaricately 2-fid. Drupe
smooth, pyriform, one cell only fertile. Seed ovate-oblong, flattened ;
testa membranous.

PERAK: in rocky places in forest, at 800 to 1000 ft., King’s Collector
7247, 10738; Scortechini 516.

This species comes very near to P. trichostoma, but has several important points
of difference, such as the narrower, thicker leaves with glabrous nerves, the darker
branches, the markedly nervose fruiting calyx, the large bracts, and the round open-
ings of the anther-cells, so that we have preferred to describe it as a-species instead of
as a variety. In the corolla it nearly agrees, as also it does in the absence of pedicels
and the one-seeded, pyriform drupe.

9. PREMNA PUNCTULATA, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IY. 575
(1885). A shrub or small tree; branchlets dark brown, terete, lenti-
cellate. Leaves chartaceous ; broadly elliptic, suddenly shortly acumi-
nate at apex, rounded at base; upper surface glabrous, shining, lower
surface paler, reddish, puncticulate, pubescent on the nerves; margins
entire; 4 to 6 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad; midrib prominent; main
nerves 4 to 5 pairs, the lowest pair very small, close to the base, the
next pair a little above, the rest more distant, all curving upwards to

818 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

anastomose near the margin; transverse nervules very prominent, as
is the netted reticulation; petiole 1 in. long, slender, channelled above.
Corymbs many-flowered, terminal, paniculate, pubescent, 4 to 5 in. in
diam. ; lower bracts ‘5 in. long, linear-oblong; pedicels very short or
none. Calyx -06 in. long, minutely grey-pubescent and glandular,
2-lipped, upper lip 2-toothed, lower lip also 2-toothed or subentire.
Corolla tubular, ‘1 in. long, villous at the throat within, glabrous below;
lobes short, rounded. Stamens included; filaments inserted in the
middle of the tube, short; anthers reniform ; cells slightly divergent.
Ovary glabrous; style rather short; stigmatic lobes slender, recurved.
Drupe not known.

Matacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1200.

10. PREMNA CoRDIFOLIA, Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 78 (1832). <A shrub,
reaching 8 to 12 ft. in height, with dark brown bark on the old wood ;
branchlets light brown, darker when dry, the size of a crow-quill,
glabrous, terete. Leaves membranous; ovate or ovate-cordate, acumi-
nate at apex, rounded or cordate at base ; upper surface shining, bullate,
drying brown, glabrous except on the midrib and main nerves; lower
surface also nearly glabrous, yellowish-brown when dry; margins
entire, slightly recurved; 3 to 7 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad; midrib
slender, but strongly raised beneath; main nerves 5 to 6 pairs, at about
50° with the midrib, at first nearly straight and then curving to join in
a looped intramarginal nerve, each pair on the same side joined by few
(4 to 5) irregular transverse nervules and lesser reticulations ; petiole
slender, ‘5 to lin. long; upper side tawny-puberulous. Corymbs many-
flowered, dense, terminal, tawny-puberulous, about 3 in. long, and the
same or rather more in diam.; peduncles 1 to 3 in. long, with tawny-
puberulous leaf-like bracts; bracts of corymb small, lanceolate, acute;
branches at first decussate, then dichotomous; pedicels very short,
rather thick; flowers greyish-white. Calyx ‘lin. long, 2-lipped; upper
lip 2-lobed, lower entire; lips short, broad, rounded. Corolla-tube
‘2 in. long, funnel-shaped, densely villous within; limb 2-lipped; anther-
cells shortly divergent. Ovary glabrous; style as long as corolla-tube.
Drupe obovoid, slightly depressed at top; exocarp thin, shining, black;
mesocarp fleshy ; endocarp hard, pitted, 3- to 4-celled, one cell usually
only fertile. Seed ovoid acute; cotyledons flat, orbicular, -125 in. in
diam. Walp. Rep. IV. 94; Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 632, partly, not
of Wight or Bedd.; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 895, 2m part only ; Clarke in
Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 572.

Prenana: at Tanjong Bunga, Curtis 861; Kunstler (King’s Collector)
1480. Province Weuuestey: at Krian, Radley 9386. SrinGAPore :
Lobb.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 819

11. Premna Wrayi, King & Gamble in Kew Bull. 108 (1908). A
climbing nearly quite glabrous shrub; branches stout, obscurely quad-
rangular, dark brown; branchlets similar, darker, smooth. Leaves
coriaceous ; elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, gradually acuminate at apex,
attenuate at base, often unequally; shining and glabrous on both sur-
faces except for small tufts of hair in the axils of the main nerves
beneath, olive-brown when dry}; entire; 4 to 8 in. long, 2 to 4 in. broad;
midrib stout, impressed above, prominently raised beneath; main
nerves 6 to 8 pairs, impressed above, raised beneath, the lowest pair
very faint from the base and close to the margin, the next stout and
shortly above, the rest distant at about 50° with the midrib, curving
upwards to and along the margin, the upper ones joined in a looped
intramarginal nerve; transverse nervules straight and fairly regular ;
reticulations rather prominent on the upper surface when dry; petiole
‘dO to 2 in. long, channelled above. Corymbs dense and compact, about
4 to 5 in. broad at top, glabrate or very minutely puberulous on upper
_branches and calyx; lower branches 3-chotomous, upper 2-chotomous,
much ramified and curving inwards; peduncle about 1 in. long, stout ;
main branches 1 to 1:5 in. long; bracts very small, linear, the lower
ones leafy; pedicels about ‘05 in. long to the joint below the calyx-
_ tube. Calyx deeply 2-lipped ; the upper lip sharply 2-lobed, the lower
3-toothed; the lobes spreading in the fruiting stage; tube rugose.
Corolla not seen. Drwpe obovoid, :25 in. long and broad; epicarp
rugose, glandular-dotted; pyrenes 4. Seeds plano-convex, ovate,
‘175 in. long ; testa white-corky ; cotyledons oblong, retuse at tip, flat,
fleshy, -15 in. long; radicle 026 in.

PrerAK: at Tapa, Wray 200.

At first sight this species resembles P. Kunstleri in its coriaceous shining leaves
and stout branches, but differs in the more compact corymbs and the deeply lobed calyx.

12. PREMNA STERCULIFOLIA, King & Gamble in Kew Bull. 108
(1908). A stout, tree-like, climbing shrub; branches reddish-brown,
smooth; branchlets terete, purple, sparsely scabridly puberulous
Leaves membranous; ovate, acuminate at apex, truncate or somewhat
- cordate at base; both surfaces reddish-brown when dry; upper sparsely
setulose and pubescent on the nerves, lower slightly puberulous,
sparsely glandular-dotted; 4 to 9 in. long, 3 to 5 in. broad; midrib
prominent, channelled above, raised beneath; main nerves 6 pairs,
raised beneath, the 2 lowest pairs from close to the base spreading,
the rest at about 40° with the midrib, curved upwards to and along the
margin, joined by prominent transverse nervules; petiole 2 to 4 in. long,
channelled above. Cymes in large spreading, slightly puberulous

820 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

many-flowered paniculate corymbs reaching 9 in. long and 8 in. broad;
peduncles stout, 3 to 4 in. long; branches 3-chotomous at first, after-
wards 2-chotomous; ultimate cymules crowded; bracts linear, very
small, caducous ; pedicels short, slender; flowers pale green. Calyx cam-
panulate, obscurely 2-lipped; the upper lip nearly entire, the lower entire
or obscurely toothed; tube ‘05 in. long, glandular and puberulous, scaly
without. Corolla-tube funnel-shaped, puberulous, -125 in. long, densely
white-villous within except at the base; 2-lipped, upper of 1 short
recurved lobe, lower of 3 recurved obtuse lobes, the midlobe the longest,
‘075 in. long. Stamens exsert; the filaments twisted; anthers ellipsoid,
divaricate. Ovary glabrous, depressed; style slender, nearly -25 in. long ;
stigma bifid with slender spreading lobes. Drupe globose, depressed,
much tuberculate and red when dry; pyrene woody, tuberculate, roughly
’ 4-angled. Seeds usually 1 only perfect, obovate, -1 in. long; testa mem-
branous; cotyledons conform to the seed, fleshy; radicle pointed.

Perak: at waterfall, Wray 1828; Scortechint; King’s Collector
3067, 7531, 8373.

Var. cordata, King & Gamble, l.c. Leaves more deeply cordate at
base; branches of inflorescence more distant than in type; calyx with
upper lip 2-lobed, the lower entire or obscurely toothed.

Perak: Scortechini 273.

13. Premna Ripueyi, King & Gamble in Kew Bull. 109 (1908). A
climbing shrub; branches stout, with grey shining bark; branchlets
slender, terete, brown. Leaves chartaceous, opposite or sometimes one
of each pair rather higher than the other; ovate, ovate-oblong or
slightly obovate, rounded or very shortly acute at apex, rounded or
attenuate often unequally at base; both surfaces glabrous and dull;
margins entire; 1-5 to 3 in. long, -75 to 1:5 in. broad; midrib slender ;
main nerves 6 to 7 pairs, the lowest 1 or 2 pairs from the base, at an
angle of 30° to 40° with the midrib, straight at first, then gently curved
to and along the margin; transverse nervules and reticulations faint ;
petiole slender, ‘25 to ‘5 in. long. Corymbs terminal, 1-5 to 5 in. long,
and 2 to 5 in. broad, many-flowered, tawny-puberulous; peduncles
‘75 to 2 in. long; branches at first 3- afterwards 2-chotomous; bracts
linear-lanceolate, small; pedicels none or minute; flowers greenish-
white. Calyx campanulate, subquadrangular, 2-lipped, each lip 2-lobed,
with minute teeth ; tube ‘05 in. long, puberulous. Corolla-tube some-
what tubular, slender, 1 in. long, puberulous in the lower half within,
long white-villous in the upper; lobes 4, equal, oblong, rounded at tip,
‘05 to 075 in. long, incurved at length. Stamens inserted, 2 upper at
the top of the throat of the corolla-tube, 2 lower lower down; filaments
slightly flattened, long exsert; anthers small; cells rounded, slightly

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 821

divaricate ; connective glandular on the back. Ovary rounded, glabrous ;
style as long as stamens, ‘2 in.; stigma bifid; the lobes -025 in. long,
usually recurved. Drwpe not seen.

PerAK: Scortechim 455. SInGAPoRE: garden jungle, Ridley 6826.

14. Premna Kunstueri, King & Gamble in Kew Bull. 109 (1908). A
large shrub or small tree, nearly quite glabrous, sometimes climbing ;
branches stout, thick, purplish-brown ; branchlets the size of a quill,
terete, glabrous, sparsely lenticellate. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic,
sometimes elliptic-oblong or obovate, obtuse at tip with a short blunt
abrupt acumination, rounded or subcordate at base; both surfaces gla-
brous, more or less shining when dry; margins entire, slightly recurved ;
4 to 7 in. long, 2°5 to 4 in. broad; midrib very stout, impressed above,
raised prominently beneath ; main nerves 5 to 7 pairs at from 50° to 60°
with the midrib, the lowest pair small, from the base, the second from
close above it, the rest more distant, all curved upwards to join in a
looped intramarginal nerve and joined by four irregular transverse
veinlets ; reticulations minutely netted, forming a prominent network on
the upper surface when dry; petiole ‘75 to 1:25 in. long, smooth but
channelled above. Corymbs terminal, spreading, long-branched, 3-choto-
mous below, 2-chotomous above, glabrous except for very minute spare
tawny pubescence on the upper branches and calyx-tube, sessile or pedun-
culate, the peduncle or primary branches 3 to 4 in. long, the whole corymb
reaching 7 in. in length and 5 in. in breadth; bracts linear or linear-
lanceolate, the lower ones leafy; pedicels very short, less than -05 in. to
the joint under the calyx-tube ; flowers pale greenish-white. Calyx cup-
shaped, :075 in. long, truncate or very obscurely 2-lipped, in fruit very
shallow and almost quite entire. Corolla-tube tubular, :125 in. long,
the lower half glabrous and almost hyaline, the upper shortly white-
villous ; limb 2-lipped, lower lip 3-lobed, the midlobe longest, the two
others and the upper lip equal, all erect or incurved. Stamens shortly
exsert, attached just below the mouth of the corolla-tube; anther-
cells rounded, slightly divaricate, pores elliptic. Ovary glabrous,
depressed, 4-celled; style as long as stamens ; stigma very shortly bifid.
Drupe obovoid, faintly ribbed, -25 in. long; epicarp smooth, waxy-
white (Kunstler); pyrenes 4-celled, one or more cells fertile. Seeds
obovate, plano-convex, ‘15 to -2 in. long; testa white, corky ; cotyledons
flat, fleshy, -15 in. long, -1 in. broad, retuse at tip ; radicle minute.

PERAK: on low ground, under 500 ft. in alt. King’s Collector 938,
4723, 5949. Manacca: at Sungli Udang, Goodenough 1350.

To this species we also refer Forbes’ No. 1424 from the Lampongs, Sumatra, but the
leaves reach over 8 in. in length and 5 in. in breadth with slightly attenuate bases,
and the fruiting calyx is rather more 2-lipped.

822 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

15. PREMNA PyRAMIDATA, Wall. Cat. 1779 (1827). A small or
medium-sized tree (a large tree—Wallich), reaching 40 to 50 ft. in
height, and up to 5 ft. in girth; bark light greyish-brown; branches
stout, pale brown; branchlets obscurely quadrangular, stellately tomen-
tose with tawny tomentum. Leaves chartaceous ; ovate, acuminate at
apex, cordate or rounded sometimes attenuate at base; both surfaces
brown when dry, the upper dark glabrous except on the nerves, the
lower pale glabrescent; margins entire; 6 to 14 in. long, 3 to 8 in.
broad; midrib stout, stellate-tomentose on both surfaces: main nerves
7 to 10 pairs, the lowest two pairs from near the base, the rest distant
at an angle of about 60° with the midrib, curving gently upwards and
joined by many regular transverse nervules very prominent on the
under surface ; petiole 1 to 4 in. long, channelled above, stellately scurfy-
pubescent. Cymes in large terminal stellately-pubescent pyramidal
panicles or corymbs, reaching 12 in. in length, and 6 to 9 in. in breadth ;
common peduncle 1 to 3 in. long; branches at first 3- afterwards
2-chotomous, usually ascending; bracts many, linear, reaching ‘5 in.
long ; flowers crowded at the ends of the branches on very short pedi-
cels, greenish-white. Calyx campanulate, glabrous within, stellately-
pubescent without; tube 075 in. long ; teeth 5, subequal, about -025 in.
long, the posterior three thickened, the two anterior shorter and more
slender. Corolla bilabiate, ‘15 to ‘2 in. long; upper lip broad; lower
lip 3-lobed, the midlobe the longest and spreading, the side lobes
shorter and more obtuse, usually incurved ; tube with a ring of retrorse -
stiff hairs at the throat, otherwise glabrous. Stamens 4, included;
anther-cells elliptic, slightly divaricate; filaments stout. Ovary
glabrous, depressed; style thickened with very shortly bifid stigma.
Drupe globose or obovoid, glabrous, depressed at top, ‘2 to -25 in. in
diam.; pericarp fleshy; pyrene rugose, very hard, 4-celled. Seed
usually 1 only, oblong. Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 633; Miq. Fl. Ind.
Bat. II. 897; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 576. P. tomentosa, Kurz For.
Fl. II. 260.

Perak: Wray 3691; Scortechint; at Kwala Dipang, Adley 9699 ;
King’s Collector 923, 2039, 2667, 6851, 10298. Srnancor: Radley
7596.—Distris. Burma (Wallich 1779), Java (Teysmann 14), Timor
(Forbes 3892), &e.

We have identified Teysmann’s Java specimens as belonging to P. pyramidata,
but we are not sure if Koorders & Valeton (Bijdr. VII. 179) considered them to belong
to their P. tomentosa, which, judging by Koorders’ own specimens 9714 @ in the
Calcutta Herbarium, is not P. pyramidata. We have, therefore, not quoted Koorders
& Valeton. We agree with Sir D. Brandis (‘Indian Trees,’ 511) in thinking that
P. bengalensis, Clarke, is probably only a narrow-leaved form of P. pyramidata.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 823

A specimen bearing Father Scortechini’s ticket, but without number and without
any note of locality, appears to be Premna acuminata, R. Br. Prod. Noy.-Holl. 512;
Benth. & Muell. Fl. Aust. V. 60, a North Australian species with long-petioled, cor-
date-ovate, deltoid, poplar-like leaves, and very loose panicles. It may very likely
have been collected in a Botanic Garden.

A specimen collected by R. Derry at Bukit Borwang, Malacca, is too incomplete
for identification. It may belong to P. lewcostoma, Miq. F1 Ind. Bat. II. 899.

8. Gmuewina, Linn.

Trees or shrubs, unarmed or armed with axillary divaricate spines
(abortive branchlets). Leaves opposite, entire or more or less lobed. |
Flowers large, yellow or brownish-yellow, often tomentose, in dense or
lax sessile or pedunculate cymes along the branches of a terminal pani-
cle; bracts usually small, sometimes large, leafy and coloured. Calyx
campanulate, 4- to 5-toothed or subentire, persistent and unaltered in
fruit. Corolla obliquely campanulate or funnel-shaped; tube slender
below, much dilated above; limb spreading, oblique, 4- to 5-lobed.
Stamens 4 didynamous, inserted below the throat of the corolla,
included; anthers pendulous, with oblong sub-separate cells. Ovary
4-celled, the cells 1-ovuled; style slender ; stigma shortly 2-fid; ovules
laterally attached to the septum at their middle or higher. Frwit a
succulent drupe ; endocarp bony, 2- to 4-celled, usually with a conical
hollow in the middle open on one side. Seeds oblong; testa thin, with a
corky layer outside; albumen none ; cotyledons fleshy; radicle inferior.
—Distris. Species about 11, in India, Malaya, China and Austvralia.

Leaves glaucescent beneath with minute glands, usually 3- or more
lobed 5c o6 .. 1. G. asiatica.

Leaves fulyous-tomentose beneath, rarely lobed wa oe) 22) Ganallosas

G. Hystrix, Schultes ex Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. XXXIX. ii. 81 (1870), and For.
Fl. II. 265, is a large spinous scandent shrub with very large coloured bracts, a native
of Siam and the Philippines, also, according to Kurz, Tenasserim. It is probably
only a garden escape in Singapore (Garden road, Ridley 3944).

1. Guewrna asiatica, Linn. Sp. Pl. 626 (1753). A much-branched
spinous straggling shrub ; bark yellowish-white ; branchlets horizontal,
rigid, puberulous, the smaller ones often becoming spines at their ends.
Leaves membranous ; ovate or elliptic or obovate, often 3- or more lobed,
the midlobe the longest; upper surface glabrous, lower surface
glaucescent from a coating of minute round glands, and villous on the
nerves; margins entire except for the 3 or sometimes more lobes
which point upwards; °75 to 1°5 in. long, ‘5 to 1 in. broad; midrib
slender; main nerves 2 to 3 pairs; reticulations few; petiole very

824 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

slender, up to ‘5 in. long. Racemes fulvous-tomentose, terminal, 1 to
2 in. long; cymules very short; bracts small, caducous; pedicels very
short flowers bright yellow. Calyx :15 to -2 in. long; tube with large
flattened glands, otherwise pubescent ; teeth 4, very small, triangular,
acute. Corolla 2-lipped, obliquely funnel-shaped, puberulous without,
nearly 2 in. in length; tube slender below, gradually inflated above ;
lobes 4, ovate, more or less rounded, the lowest the longest. Stamens
curved, slightly exsert; filaments thickened, pubescent; anther-cells
opening in a horseshoe, connective flattened, all 4 similar. Ovary
depressed, glabrous; style slender, exsert; stigma 2-lobed. Drupe
obovoid, yellow when ripe, ‘75 in. long; pyrene pyriform with a basal
cavity, bony. Seeds usually 1 or 2 only, oblong at base; testa mem-
branous with a corky covering; albumen fleshy. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ITI,
87; Lamk. Ill. t. 542; Wall. Cat. 1818 (2m part); Schauer in DC. Prodr.
XI. 679; Wight Il. t. 174; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. CXXXIT; Brandis For. Fl.
365 ; Blume Bijdr. 814 ; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. IT. 866; Clarke in Hook. f.
Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 582; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 355; Cooke Bomb. FI. IT.
495; Prain Beng. Plants 829. G. coromandeliana, Burm. Fl. Ind.
132. G. lobata, Gaertn. Fruct. I. 268, t. 56, excl. syn. Rumph. G.
parvifolia, Roxb. Cor. Pl. II. 32, t. 162; Wall. Cat. 2654; Schauer, J. c.
G. parviflora, Roxb. Fl. Ind III. 87. G. inermis, Blanco FI. Filip. 493.
Michela spinosa, Amman. in Act. Petrop. VIII. 218, t. 18.

PERAK: Scortechini. StnGarore: T. Anderson 135; Kurz; Kunstler
102.—Distris. India (Deccan Peninsula), Ceylon, Java, Borneo, &c.

2. GMELINA viILLOsA, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 46 (1814), and FI. Ind. IIT.
86 (1832). A large straggling shrub or small tree with olive-coloured
bark; branches spreading and drooping; branchlets round, villous ;
spines straight, axillary, -25 to ‘din. long. Leaves membranous
when dry ; ovate trapeziform, acute at apex, cuneate at base; upper
surface pubescent when young, glabrous and dark-coloured when old;
lower surface fulvous-tomentose ; margins entire or sometimes obscurely
lobed ; 1 to 4 in. long, 1 to 2:5 in. broad ; midrib slender, raised beneath ;
main nerves pubescent above, 3 to 4 pairs, the lowest pair from just
above the base; transverse nervules slender, nearly horizontal; petiole
slender, °75 to 1° in. long, channelled above. Racemes fulvous-tomen-
tose, 1 to 2 in. long; cymules very short; bracts ovate-lanceolate,
cuspidate, about ‘5 in. long, more or less leafy, deciduous when the flowers
open; pedicels very short; flowers yellow. Calyx ‘15 in. long; tube
with 3 or more large glands on the under side; teeth 4, small, trian-
gular, acute. Corolla-tube slender below for nearly ‘5 in., then obliquely
expanded for nearly 1 in., including the 4 lobes, the lowest of which is
longest. Anthers, especially of longer pair of stamens, with the connec-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 825

tive enlarged behind. Style slender, as long as the longer pair of
stamens; stigma 2-lobed, lobes unequal. Druwpe globose, yellow when
ripe, fleshy, -75 in. in diam. ; pyrene pyriform, ‘5 in. long, with a cavity
opening on one side at the base; endocarp very hard, thick. Seeds
usually 1 to 2 only fertile, compressed, acute at the ends; cotyledons
fleshy, obcordate, -25 in. long; radicle very small. Jack in Mal. Mise. I.
17, and in Hook. Bot. Misc. I. 284; Wall. Cat. 1816; Schauer in DC.
Prodr. XI. 679; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 867 ; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br.
Ind. IV. 582; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. VII. 198. G. astateca, Wall. Cat.
1818 (cn part); Kurz For. Fl. II. 265 (not of Linn.). Gmelina, sp.n. 2,
Griff. Notul. IV. 179. ‘ Radix deipara,’ Rumph. Herb. Amb. II. 124,
ico:

Kepau: Langkawi Island, Curtis. Penana: Wallich1816; Phillips ;
G. King ; Curtis 454. Prrax: Wray 734; Scortechina 740. Matacca:
Griffith 6057 ; Maingay (K.D.) 1189. Styaarpore: G. Thomson ; Kurz;
T. Anderson; Deschamps; Kunstler 103.—Distris. Burma (Kurz),
Nicobars (Kurz), Siam, Java, Sumatra (forbes 1576, 2642).

9. CLERODENDRON, Linn.

Trees or shrubs, sometimes straggling or climbing. Leaves opposite
or rarely verticillate, simple, entire or dentate or angularly-lobed.
Flowers small or large, of various colours, in axillary cymes or termi-
nal panicles, often leafy below; bracts conspicuous or small ; bracteoles
0 or very small. Calyx campanulate, rarely tubular, truncate, 5-toothed
or almost 5-partite, persistent, often accrescent, often coloured in fruit.
Corolla hypocrateriform or infundibular; tube usually long, slender ;
limb usually oblique, more or less 2-lipped, 5-lobed, the lobes spreading.
Stamens 4 didynamous, long-exserted; filaments filiform, involute in
the bud; anthers ovate or oblong, more or less uniform; cells parallel,
adherent above, separate below; filaments attached at the notch.
Ovary imperfectly 4-celled, the cells 1-ovuled; style filiform; stigma
shortly bifid. rut a globose, succulent or rarely dry drupe, 4-grooved
or 4-lobed, separating into 4 pyrenes, of which 1 to 3 are sometimes
suppressed; exocarp usually fleshy; endocarp bony or crustaceous.
Seeds oblong or pyriform ; albumen 0; cotyledons thick, fleshy ; radicle
very small, inferior.—Dristris. 100 to 120 species, in the warm regions
of both hemispheres, but chiefly in the eastern.

Corolla hypocrateriform, the tube rarely more than 1 in. in
length (Subgenus 1. HucLERODENDRON) :—
Cymes axillary :-—
Cymes few-flowered from most axils; leaves small; calyx-
teeth very short ae ye a .. L. C. neriifolium.

a

826 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Cymes in deflexed, pedunculate, close panicles, from
upper axils; leaves large; calyx-lobes linear-lanceolate,

over ‘2 in. long 50 : 2.

Cymes in leafy panicles, the onan asinahas appearing
axillary :—
Leaves and inflorescence glabrous or only slightly pube-
rulous; leaves usually over 1 in. broad, Wi

membranous Bro

Leaves and vniflpkeeeante ScabTOue: hispid, more or eas
pubescent; leaves under 1 in. broad, acute, charta-

ceous 60 ate T ae fe OAR

Cymes in terminal panicles :—
Leaves oblong or lanceolate :—
Panicles more or less pendulous, long-pedunculate :—
Leaves 1 to 3 in. broad; calyx-lobes lanceolate,

acute bo B
Leaves 2 to 6 in. pronae dulee: lobes Sonia cuspidate 6.

Panicles erect, short-pedunculate or sessile :—
Leaves entire; calyx cleft nearly to the base ;
fistular :—

Leaves glabrous; main nerves distant ; calyx-lobes
acuminate with incurved tips ae 7
Leaves puberulous; main nerves rather alee « :

stems

calyx-lobes acute, glandular a6 8.

Leaves serrate, rarely entire; calyx truncate; teeta

minute 5 ar Pena ese

Leaves ovate, aganlly aprdate at base :—
Panicles pyramidal, thyrsoid ; leaves hairy :—
Corolla-tube over ‘5 in. long; leaf-margins den-

tate Bis ae a .. 10.

Corolla-tube under °3 in. long; leaf-margins

entire aie anal

Panicles corymbose ; foaves pldbeouel coral tape

over ‘75 in. long , a li2e

Leaves usually 3 to 7- Tene under panic promi-
nently glandular .. 13

C. deflecum.

C. disparifolium.

C. lankawiense.

C. penduliflorum.
C. umbratile.

. C. myrmecophilum.

C. Curtisii.
C. serratum

var. Wallichit.
C. infortunatum.
C. villosum.

C. Colebrookianum.

. C. paniculatum..

Corolla infundibuliform, the tube more ethan 1 in. in length
(Subgenus 2. SrpHONANTHUS) :—
Leaves usually verticillate, lanceolate; panicle very long,

many-flowered ; drupe blue ot ac .. 14. C. Siphonanthus.
Leaves opposite, elliptic or. ovate; panicle short, few-
flowered; drupe red ve .. 15. C. Ridleyi.

The following species are found in cultivation or as escapes fou
cultivation :—

CLERODENDRON FRAGRANS, R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, IV. 63
(1812). A double-flowered shrub, with large leaves of unpleasant
odour, the flowers white merging into dark purple and fragrant.—
SrvnGarorE: Deschamps; King’s Collector 304.

a

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, 827

C. cauamitosum, Linn. Mant. 90 (1767). A slender white-flowered
shrub, native of Java and often found in gardens. In the Fl. Br. Ind.
it has been described as a Malacca species on the authority of Main-
gay’s specimen, but Mr. Ridley informs us that in his opinion the
plant is not indigenous and that Maingay’s specimen came, in all
probability, from a garden escape.

C. THomson2, Balf. f. in. Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. VII. 265, t. 7, and
580, t. 16 (1863). A climbing shrub, native of Tropical Africa, with
opposite ovate leaves and terminal lax cymes of flowers with a white calyx
and crimson corolla. PENANG: Curtis 124. Srncarore: Deschamps.

C. sguamatum, Vahl Symb. II. 74 (1791). An erect shrub, native
of India, China, and Sumatra, with ovate cordate leaves and scarlet
flowers in large panicles.—SincaPore: Ridley 9209.

1. CLERODENDRON NERIIFOLIUM, Wall. Cat. 1789 (1828). A strag-
gling shrub ; branches ashy-grey, lenticellate; branchlets slender, grey-
ish-brown. Leaves membranous, ternate or opposite ; elliptic, acute or
rounded often slightly emarginate at apex, shortly attenuate at base;
glabrous, or, when young, sparsely pubescent on both surfaces ; margins
entire; 1:5 to 3°5 in. long, ‘75 to 1°75 in. broad; midrib slender; main
nerves about 5 pairs, straight or branched to meet in an obscure looped
intramarginal nerve; reticulations finely netted; petiole slender, °25 to
‘O in. long. Cymes axillary, umbellate, sometimes in a 7-flowered
dichasium, often only 3-flowered; peduncle 1 to 1:5 in. long; bracts
linear, setaceous; bracteoles similar but smaller; pedicels -15 to -25 in.
long; flowers white, purplish-pink (Forbes). Calyx tubular-campanu-
late, enlarged in fruit and then cup-shaped; tube -15 in. long, pubescent
and gland-dotted without; teeth 5, minute. Corolla-tube very
slender, -75 to 1 in. long; gland-dotted without, villous within; lobes 5,
spreading, unequal, somewhat oblong, about -25 in. long. Stamens red,
long-exserted ; anther-cells oblong, parallel. Ovary cylindric, obtuse ;
style very slender; stigma shortly bifid. Drupe obovoid, ‘5 in. long,
4 in. in diameter ; top depressed; exocarp spongy; pyrenes 4 readily sepa-
rating, endocarp crustaceous. Seed obovoid; testa thin; cotyledons
oblong, thick, fleshy ; radicle very short, thick. Schauer in DC. Prodr.
“XI.660; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 839 ; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. LV. 589 ;
Prain Beng. Plants 835. C. imerme, Benth. Fl. Hongk. 271, and F'.
Austral. V. 61; Schauer J. c. (in part); Wall. Cat. 1788, Sheet 1 or a.
C. merme var. neriifolua, Kurz For. Fl. I. 266. Volkameria neriifolia,
Roxb. Fl. Ind. IIT. 64. “ Jasminum litorewm,” Rumph. Herb. Amb. Y.
t. 46.

Kepan: in Langkawi Island, Curtis (Hamad). PENANG: at Batu
Ferengy, Curtis 2782; (or Stncapore), Wallich 1788, 1. Prrax: at

828 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Krian, Scortechini 13882. Matacca: Griffith (K.D.) 6056,1 ; on swampy
ground near the sea, Maingay (K.D.) 1188. JonorE: G. King. SInGa-
PoRE: Kunstler 59; Hullett 143; seashore, Deschamps.— DistTRIB.
India (Chittagong at Mascal Island), Burma (Arracan and Tenasserim
coasts), Sumatra (Forbes 1802), Borneo (Haviland 1018, 3555), Siam,
Philippine Islands, China, Australia, Polynesia.

A coast plant, similar to C. inerme, Gaertn., of the coasts of India, and con-
sidered by some to be a variety of it. It is distinguished by the leaves of different
shape and texture, the smaller and more slender and glandular corolla, and the larger
drupe. The leaves are sometimes lanceolate (see Roxb. Ic. No. 2524).

9. CLERODENDRON DEFLEXUM, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. III. 10, t. 215
(1832), and Cat. 1808. A shrub, reaching in height 4 ft. (Wallich), 4 to
6 ft. (Kunstler) ; branches obscurely quadrangular, furrowed, pubescent,
pale-brown. Leaves opposite, membranous when dry; variable in
shape, elliptic oblong-obovate or oblanceolate, cuspidate-acuminate at
apex, rounded or cuneate at base; upper surface slightly pubescent
when young, afterwards glabrous except on the nerves; lower surface
softly pubescent, at length glabrate; margins entire or slightly undu-
late repand ; 6 to 16 in. long, 2 to 6 in. broad; midrib strong, promi-
nent beneath, pubescent; main nerves 10 to 16 pairs, prominent
beneath, the lowest pair from the base at an acute angle, the rest cury-
ing upwards to and along the margin; transverse nervules rather
regular and conspicuous in old leaves ; reticulations netted ; petiole 1 to
2°5 in. long, pubescent, swollen above and below, channelled on the
upper side. Panicles corymbose, axillary in the ultimate or penulti-
mate axils of the branches, usually deflexed at right angles to the
branch ; peduncles 1 to 8 in. long, with 1 or 2 pairs of bracts ike small
leaves along them; bracts of the inflorescence lanceolate; corymbs
crowded with single flowers or short trichotomous cymes, very many-
flowered; bracteoles many, linear; peduncles, bracts, branches and
calyx all red when fresh; buds clavate; flowers white tinged with
pink. Calyx-tube very short, scarcely ‘1 in. long ; lobes linear-lanceo-
late, erect, pubescent, -2 to 3 in. long; fruiting calyx enlarged and
stellately spreading. Corolla-tube very slender, -5 to ‘75 in. long,
glabrous; lobes subequal, spreading, spathulate, up to -25 in. long.
Stamens long-exsert, filaments very slender, glabrous, anthers oblong ;
cells parallel. Ovary rounded, obtuse; style very slender; stigmatic
branches short. Druwpe purple, globose, depressed, smooth, with 4 or
fewer pyrenes; pyrenes pyriform, ‘35 in. long, -25 in. broad ; endocarp
crustaceous, reticulate; seeds conform to the pyrenes; testa membranous;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 829

cotyledons unequal, fleshy ; radicle very small. Schauer in DC. Prodr.
XI. 665; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 875; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind.
TV. 593.

Prenane: Porter (Wallich 1808); Curtis 81. Prax: at Gunong
Tjuk, &e., Scortechini 433, 1230; at Tapa, Waterfall, Maxwell’s Hill,
&e., Wray 1359, 1414, 2661, 3231, 4203; at Goping, Bukit Bingarang,
&e., King’s Collector (Kunstler) 168, 307, 1875, 6818. Manacca : Cuming
2368 ; Griffith; Maingay (K.D.) 1185; Hullett 404; at St. John’s Hill,
Hervey; at Ayer Punas, Derry 296. JoHorE: G. King. SINGAPORE :
Wallich (cf. Pl. As. Rar.) ; Walker 257, 288 ; G. King.

3. CLERODENDRON DISPARIFOLIUM, Blume Bijdr. 809 (1826). A
shrub or small tree, reaching sometimes 20 ft. or more in height;
branches pale brown, lenticellate, obscurely quadrangular; branchlets
similar, slender, puberulous. Leaves membranous, the pairs more
usually equal but occasionally unequal in size ; oblong- or elliptic-lanceo-
late, long-acuminate at apex, acuminate or acute occasionally almost
rounded at base; glabrous and pale on both surfaces except sometimes on
the midrib beneath; margins entire or undulate, or obscurely toothed;
variable in size as in shape, 2 to 7 in. long, ‘75 to 2°5 in. broad; midrib
slender ; main nerves 5 to 7 pairs, the lowest from close above the base
and at about 20° to 30° with the midrib, the rest distant, starting at
50° to 60° with the midrib and curving upwards to near the margin, the
upper ones joining in an intramarginal looped nerve; reticulations
distant, transverse, not prominent ; petiole slender, variable, °5 to 2:5 in.
long, often twisted at base. Cymes puberulous, in lax spreading ter-
minal or axillary brachiate panicles; the branches slender, repeatedly
trichotomous ; terminal ones sometimes up to 6 in. long, axillary ones
about 2 to 3 in. long; peduncles very slender; bracts linear, usually
about *25 in. long, those of main branches sometimes leafy, caducous
after flowering; pedicels filiform, ‘25 to ‘5 in. long; buds clavate;
flowers pale yelow. Calyx reddish; tube campanulate, about :1 in.
long ; lobes as long as tube, triangular, acute, prominently nerved; the
calyx enlarged in fruit to about ‘5 in. long, with dark red reflexed lobes.
Corolla-tube slender, -5 to ‘75 in. long, glabrous without, puberulous
within; lobes 5, subequal, spathulate, -2 to -25 in. long. Stamens
exsert. Ovary glabrous ; style as long as stamens; stigma shortly bifid.
Drupe globose, succulent, ‘25 in. in diameter. Seeds usually 2 fertile,
ovoid; testa thin, wrinkled; cotyledons thick, fleshy; radicle minute.
Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 672; Hassk. Retzia i. 57 ; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat.
II. 871; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 589; Koord. & Val. Bijdr.
VII. 212. C. acuminatum, Wall. Cat. 1792; Schauer /.c. 662; Miq.
l.c. 869. C. Jackianwm, Wall. Cat. 1794, andin Hook. Bot. Misc. I. 284

830 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

(note to C. nutans, Jack); Bot. Mag. t. 3049 (im note); Schauer l.c.,
664 ; Mig. l.c. 872.

KepaH: at Pulau Songsong, Curtis. Penance: at Penara Bukit,
Curtis 1539. Prrak: Wray 1352, 2841; Curtis 20438, 3196, 3333;
King’s Collector 751, 879, 2301, 4130, 4331, 4832, 5197?, 8772;
Scortechint 297, 314, 922. Dinpines: Pangkore, Scortechini 1011;
Curtis 1638. SELancor: Curtis 3778. Manacca: Griffith; Harvey ;
Cuming 2378, 2395; Ridley 378; Derry 414; Holmberg 810; Good-
enough 1773. JoHorE: Cantley 19. Sineapore: Wallich 1792 c ;
Lobb; Ridley; G. King; Maingay (K.D.) 1186; Deschamps ; Murton
93; Walker 54; Kunstler 1, 119.—Distr1e. Malay Archipelago.

4, CLERODENDRON LANKAWIENSE, King & Gamble in Kew Bull. 110
(1908). A shrub; branchlets scabrid-puberulous, obtusely quadrangular,
channelled. Leaves chartaceous, opposite; oblong-lanceolate or oblan-
ceolate, acute at apex, attenuate at base; both surfaces sparsely glabrous-
hispid, pubescent on the nerves beneath; margins entire; 3 to 4 in.
long, ‘5 to 1 in. broad; midrib stout; main nerves 8 to 10 pairs, curving
acutely upwards to and along the margin; transverse nervules few,
irregular ; reticulations netted ; petiole -25 in. long, scabrid-pubescent.
Panicle leafy, terminal, pyramidal, thyrsoid, reaching 10 in. in length
and 4 in. in diam., scabrid-pubescent ; branches at about 1 in. intervals,
pedunculate, ending in rather few-flowered trichotomous cymes ; bracts
leaf-like, lanceolate ; bracteoles small, setaceous ; pedicels slender, about
‘2 in. long; buds clavate up to ‘75 in. long. Calyx campanulate,
scabrous-hispid without, glabrous and with large peltate glands within,
cleft about two-thirds down, prominently nerved; lobes ovate, acute,
‘2 to -25 in. long, ‘1 in. broad at base. Corolla-tube slender, pubescent,
cylindric, ‘5 in. long ; lobes spreading, obovate, the midlobe of the lower
lip longer than the rest. Stamens long-exsert; filaments very slender,
glabrous ; anthers oblong, -075 in. long; cells parallel. Ovary rounded,
obtuse; style very slender; stigmatic lobes very short. rwit not
seen.

KepaH: at Terutau on Langkawi Island, Curtis 3789.

Only one specimen of this species is available. It is near C. Grifithianum,
Clarke, but differs in the inflorescence, calyx, &c.

5. CLERODENDRON PENDULIFLORUM, Wall. Cat. 1795 (1828). A
shrub ; branchlets pale-brown, pubescent, quadrangular. Leaves mem-
branous, opposite or ternate ; ovate or lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate,
long-acuminate at apex, acute at base; glabrous on both surfaces,
glaucescent on the lower; margins entire or sometimes crenulate ;
5 to 8 in. long, 1 to 3 in. broad; midrib slender; main nerves 5 to 7

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 831

pairs, distant, at once curving upwards to and along the margin ;
reticulations distant, obscure; petiole ‘5 to 2 in. long, slender, chan-
nelled. Panicle elongate, very lax, usually pendulous, glabrous or
puberulous, long-pedunculate, reaching about 15 in. in length and up
to 4 in. in greatest diameter; branches distant, opposite, bearing few-
flowered umbellate cymules on slender peduncles ‘5 to 1 in. long; bracts
linear, subulate, :15 to -2 in. long; pedicels slender, ‘1 to -15 in. long;
flowers white; the rachis and calyx red. Calyx glabrous, deeply lobed;
tube ‘1 in. long; lobes oblong-lanceolate, acute, 3 in. long; somewhat
enlarged, reddish and reflexed in fruit. Corolla-tube funnel-shaped,
curved, slender, ‘5 in. long, slightly glandular-pubescent ; lobes oblong-
spathulate, rounded, the 2 lower slightly emarginate, about as long as
the tube. Stamens exsert; anther-cells incurved so as slightly to over-
lap. Ovary cylindric, truncate; style slender; stigma shortly 2-fid.
Drwpe fleshy, globose, -25 to °35 in. in diam.; pyrenes 4, thin-walled.
Seed usually one only; testa membranous, rugose; cotyledons thick,
fleshy. Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 664; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br.
Ind. IV. 591; Bot. Mag. t. 3049 (a note).

PENANG: at Penara Bukit and base of Penang Hill, fudley 6947,
7181; Curtis; Deschamps. Prrax: at Batu Kuran, Scortechina 1612.
SELANGOR: Caves, Gua Batu, fudley 8212—Disrriz. Burma
(Arracan (Kurz), Tenasserim (Helfer (K.D.) 6047), Tavoy (Wallich 1795) ),
Nicobar Islands.

6. CLERODENDRON UMBRATILE, King & Gamble in Kew Bull. 110
(1908). A shrub or small tree, reaching 8 to 15 ft.in height ; branchlets
pale-brown, smooth, fistular. Leaves membranous ; variable in shape,
usually oblong or obovate or oblanceolate, the broadest part about two-
thirds up or even higher, long and rather suddenly acuminate at apex,
usually rounded but sometimes attenuate at base; glabrous on both
surfaces ; entire; 8 to 16 in. long, 2 to 6 in. broad; midrib rather slender ;
main nerves 8 to 12 pairs, slender, the lowest pair usually from the
base at an acute angle with the midrib, the rest at a wider angle curving
upwards, the upper ones joining in a looped intramarginal nerve;
transverse nervules irregular; reticulations netted; petiole 1 to 3 in.
long, flaccid. Panicles from the uppermost axils, elongate, lax, some-
what curving, glabrous, usually 4 to 6 in. long and about 3 in. broad, on
slender peduncles 4 to 7 in. long; branches divaricate, usually at right
angles, with few-flowered cymules; rachis flattened and slightly winged ;
bracts leafy, lanceolate, up to 1 in. long; bracteoles many, linear-
setaceous; pedicels slender, puberulous, ‘1 to 5 in. long; buds spathu-
late, curved, 1 in. long; flowers rather large, white tinged with pink;
the calyx white or pale green turning red in fruit. Calyx large, glo-

832 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

bose or slightly puberulous, deeply divided nearly to the base; lobes
ovate-acuminate, cuspidate, about ‘6 in. long by -25 in. broad,
enlarging in fruit to 1:5 in. in diam., and then spreading. Corolla-
tube slender, cylindric, -4 to ‘6 in. long; lobes spathulate, rounded at
top, as long as tube. Stamens exsert; filaments glabrous; anthers
‘Lin. long; cells parallel. Ovary rounded, obtuse; style very slender;
stigmas 2, short. Drupe black, smooth, fleshy, globose, ‘5 in. in diam. ;
pyrenes 4 or less, triangular-convex; endocarp crustaceous. Seeds
rounded, ‘25 in. in diam.; testa membranous ; cotyledons fleshy ; radicle
minute.

PpRAK: at Kapayong Kinta, Wray 167; in dense jungle up to
3500 ft., King’s Collector 722, 6959, 8268; Scortechim 2198; on Larut
Hills, 3000 ft., and in Thaiping Hills, Derry 3704 (Curtis), 10712; at
Kwala Dipang, Curtis 3116; at Bujong Malacca, Ridley 9700.—
Distris. Sumatra (in deep shade of forest at Grenoeng Trang and
Kotta Djawa, Lampongs, Forbes 1333, 1085).

Ridley’s No. 7594, from Ginting Bidai, Selangor, appears to be this species, but
the leaves are rather narrower than usual and reach 12 in. long by 2:5 in. broad.
The specimen is in fruit, which Ridley describes as black with a red calyx.

7. CLERODENDRON MYRMECOPHILUM, Ridley in Journ. Bot. XX XIII.
42 (1895). A sparingly branched shrub, about 3 ft. high; stem stout,
terete, glabrous, fistular, the bark white; internodes swollen, hollow.
Leaves opposite or alternate, membranous when dry; oblong, elliptic-
oblong or -oblanceolate, acute or obtuse at apex, acute obtuse or cordate
at base ; both surfaces glabrous, dull; margins entire; 6 to 12 in. long,
2 to 4 in. broad; midrib stout, broad, pale on the upper surface; main
nerves 10 to 13 pairs, curving very gently upwards to meet in a looped
intramarginal nerve; transverse nervules very few, irregular; reticu-
lations not visible; petiole 7:5 to 2:5 in. long, fistular. Panicle a
terminal, shortly peduncled, pubescent, pyramidal thyrsus reaching
10 in. long and 3 to 4 in. broad; branches usually opposite, spreading, of
rather few-flowered loose reddish-brown cymes; bracts and bracteoles
linear-subulate, caducous reddish-brown; pedicels :15 to -2 in. long;
buds clavate, curved; flowers ochreous-red. Calyx puberulous, about
‘3 in. long, cleft nearly to the base; lobes erect, lanceolate acuminate
with incurved tips; fruiting calyx enlarged to about 1 in. in diam;
lobes triangular-acuminate, reflexed, red. Corolla-tube cylindric, about
‘) in. long, puberulous without; lobes as long as tube, obovate-oblong ;
the tips rounded. Stamens long exsert ; filaments very slender, red; an-
thers oblong-reniform, ‘05 in. long; cells parallel. Ovary glabrous, ob-
tuse; style as long as stamens, red; stigmatic branches slender. Drwpe

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 833

globose, black, ‘5 in. in diam., with 4 to 1 pyrenes; pyrenes convex on
back, nearly plane on the face, 3-ribbed, °3 to -4in. long. Seed conform
with the pyrenes ; testa membranous ; cotyledons thick, fleshy, unequal ;
radicle minute. Bot. Mag. t. 7887; Gard. Chron. XXXIII. Ser. 3,
196 (1903), and XXXV. Ser. 3, 237, t. 98 (1904).

JOHORE: at Jaffaria, G. King. SINGAPORE: in dense wet woods at
Choa-Chu-kang, Ridley.

‘The hollow stems are swollen at the internodes, and there form nests for ants
belonging to the genus Pheidole, Fabricius. The same phenomenon occurs in C.
fistulosum, Bece., of Borneo, in C. formicarum, Giirke, a native of Tropical Africa
(Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. J. c.), and in the next species here described.

8. CLERODENDRON Curtisu, H. H. W. Pearson in Kew Bull. 142 (1901).
A small shrub, usually 2 to 3 ft., sometimes reaching 6 ft. high; stem
thick, fistular, striate, minutely puberulous. Leaves opposite, membra-
nous ; elliptic, elliptic-oblong or -obovate, acuminate at apex, broadly
cuneate rounded or sometimes slightly cordate at base; both surfaces
somewhat puberulous, upper glabrescent when old; margins entire or
undulate-denticulate ; 4 to 12 in. long, 3 to 6 in. broad; midrib stout,
pubescent ; main nerves 9 to 12 pairs, curving upwards to and along the
margin where they anastomose; transverse nervules fairly regular and
prominent ; reticulations inconspicuous ; petiole thick, striate, puberu-
lous, 1 to 4:5 in. long. Panicles terminal, thyrsoid, pubescent, much-
branched, reaching 6 to 8 in. long and 4 to 5 in. broad; the rachis and
branches angular; branches opposite, with peduncles ‘75 to 1 in. long
and corymbose cymes of many flowers; bracts leafy, the lower large,
the upper obovoid or spathulate; bracteoles small, subulate; pedicels
slender, 15 in. long; buds clavate, ‘5 to -75 in. long; flowers bright
yellow, tinged with red; the calyx crimson. Calyz cleft three-quarters
down; lobes lancedlate, acute, 3-nerved, pubescent, ciliate, -25 in. long,
‘1 in. broad, with usually several rather obscure peltate glands. Corolla-
tube cylindric, slender, ‘5 to ‘7 in. long, puberulous, glandular; lobes
obovate or elliptic, narrow at the base, ‘2 to -3 in. long. Stamens long-
exsert ; filaments glabrous; anthers reniform, under -05 in. long ; cells

- parallel. Ovary glabrous, obtuse ; style very slender ; stigmatic branches
short. Drwpe not seen.

PERAK: at Kota, Wray 3246; Lamjubus, Scortechim 1555; on
Lartt Hills, 3000 ft., Derry (Curtes) 3704; in low swampy places at
Larut, King’s Collector (Kunstler) 1966, 2507. Dinpines: Bruas, in
damp places, Curtis 3441. Senancor: Klang, Radley 10198.

Mr. Ridley informs us that this is the same plant as Clerodendron breviflorum,
Ridley in Journ. Bot. XXXII. 43 (1895), which was described from specimens

834 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

collected at Kampong Chin-Chin, Ula Batu Pahat, Johore, by Lake & Kelsall in 1892.
Unfortunately, there are no specimens in the herbaria at Kew or Calcutta, so we hesi-
tate to alter the name. If the identification proves correct, it is Ridley’s name that
must take precedence. This is one of the species whose fistular stems contain ants’
nests. C. macrophyllum, Hook. MS. in Herb. Kew, a large-leaved, handsome species
from Java and Borneo, is very closely allied to this species.

9. CLERODENDRON SERRATUM, Spreng. Syst. Veg. II. 758 (1825) ;
Don Prodr. Fl. Nep. 103; Wall. Cat. 1809; Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soe.
XVII. 187; Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 664; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FI.
200; Wight Ic. t. 1472; Brandis For. Fl. 364; Kurz For. Fl. II. 267;
Blume Bijdr. 810; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 873; Clarke in Hook. f. FI.
Br. Ind. IV. 592; Trimen FI. Ceyl. III. 8360; Cooke Fl. Bomb. II. 432;
Prain Beng. Plants 835. C. ternifoliwm, Donl.c. C.macrophyllum, Sims
Bot. Mag. t. 2536; Reich. Fl. Exot. t. 209; Schauer l.c. 674. C. orna-
twm, Wall. Cat. 1811; Schauer J. c. 675. C.herbacewm, Wall. Cat. 1815 ;
Schauer l. c. 675. Volkameria serrata, Linn. Mant. 90; Roxb. FI. Ind.
III. 62. V. herbacea, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 46.—Distris. India, Burma,
and Ceylon.

Var. Wallichit, C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 592. A
shrub, reaching 8 to 10 ft. in height (Kunstler); branches somewhat
herbaceous, smooth, fistular; branchlets smooth, angled and with raised
lines decurrent from the nodes. Leaves opposite, almost membranous
when dry; obovate-lanceolate or oblanceolate, shortly acuminate at
apex, acuminately narrowed at base; both surfaces glabrous; margins
distantly serrate or denticulate, sometimes entire ; 4 to 8 in. long, 1:5 to
3 in. broad; midrib strong, prominent beneath; main nerves 6 to
10 pairs, at first straight, then curving upwards to and along the
margin ; reticulations irregular ; petiole up to about ‘6 in. long or none
when bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade. Pamecle ter-
minal, erect, elongate, minutely pubescent, reaching 10 to 12 in. in
length and 2 to 2°5 in. in breadth ; the branches many, divaricate, sub-
dichotomous, many-flowered ; bracts foliaceous, large, ovate or obovate,
acuminate or obtuse and apiculate ; bracteoles many, lanceolate or finally
linear; pedicels slender, about ‘1 in. long; buds spathulate, curved ;
flowers greyish-white to blue, the lower lobe darker than the rest.
Calyx campanulate ; lobes extremely short, rounded, minutely apiculate ;
the fruiting calyx cup-shaped, almost truncate, not enlarged. Corolla-

tube cylindric, slightly narrowed below the oblique throat, -2 to ‘25 in..

long, glabrous without, villous within; lips 2, upper of 2 oblong, flat,
obtuse lobes, lower of 3 lobes, the side ones similar to the upper, the
midlobe spathulate, concave, emarginate, all about :25 in. long. Sta-
mens very long-exsert, much curved ; filaments villous at the base and

I mine

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 835

thickened ; anthers oblong, ‘075 in. long ; cells parallel. Ovary glabrous,
truncate at top; style very long, slender; stigmas 2, rather long.
Drupe purple, succulent, when dry °25 in. long, and as much broad at
top, with 4 (or less) well-marked pyrenes ; pyrenes obovoid, plane or con-
cave on inner faces; endocarp crustaceous. Seeds obovoid, ‘15 to ‘2 in.
long, concave on the inner, convex on the outer face, which is wrinkled ;
testa thin; cotyledons fleshy, unequal, one convex, the other concave ;
radicle minute. C. farinoswm, Wall. Cat. 1810 (not Volkameria farinosa,
Roxb.). C. divaricatum, Jack in Mal. Mise. I. 2, and in Hook. Bot.
Misc. II. 89; Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 674.

Perak: Wray 1871; at Ipoh, Curtis 3198, 3328; at Ipoh and
Baton Gaja, Deschamps; near Thaiping, Scortechim 507; at Goping,
King’s Collector (Kunstler) 480. Sruancor: Goodenough 10478; Cecil
C. Smith.—Distrip. India (Sikkim, Assam and Burma), Sumatra,
Java, Celebes, Cambodia.

We have not followed Clarke in quoting C. javanicum, Walp. Rep. IV. 113, as we
consider the description therein given does not sufficiently fit our specimens.

10. CLERODENDRON INFORTUNATUM, Linn. Sp. Pl. 637 (1753). A
shrub, usually about 3 to 8 ft. high, occasionally a small tree, gregari-
ous; branchlets obtusely quadrangular, slightly furrowed, clothed with
yellowish pubescence. Leaves somewhat coriaceous ; ovate, acuminate
at apex, rounded or cordate at base; both surfaces roughly strigosely
hairy, lower sometimes with small obscure round glands; margins
dentate or denticulate, rarely entire; 4 to 10in. long, 3d to 8 in. broad ;
midrib prominent; main nerves also prominent, about 8 pairs, the
lowest two pairs near the base spreading, the rest gradually curving
upwards, all joined by prominent transverse nervules which branch
and anastomose ; reticulations netted; petiole 1 to 4 in. long, densely
pubescent. Panicle terminal, pyramidal, spreading, 6 to 12 in. long
and broad, densely tawny-pubescent; the branches trichotomous, ending
in many-flowered cymules; bracts leafy, ovate-lanceolate, deciduous ;
bracteoles lanceolate, also deciduous ; pedicels slender, :25 to ‘5 in. long ;
buds clavate, rounded at top; flowers white, tinged with pink; the
calyx red at the base (Ic. Roxb.). Calyx cleft nearly to the base, silky
pubescent, often with scattered, large, round, peltate glands; the lobes
lanceolate, acute, suberect, -3 to -4 in. long; fruiting calyx enlarged,
crimson, reaching 1°5 in. in diam. when spread out. Corolla densely
_ pubescent without; tube cylindric, slender, ‘5 to ‘75 in. long; lobes
spreading, as long as the tube, the 2 upper somewhat spathulate, the
3 lower ovate, oblong, rounded. Stamens long-exsert; filaments gla-
brous ; anthers oblong; the cells parallel. Ovary rounded, glabrous ;

836 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

style slender; stigmas 2, short. Druwpe nearly globose, shining, black,
3 in. in diam., with 4 to 1 pyrenes ; pyrenes convex without; the endo-
carp crustaceous. Seeds conform to the drupe; testa membranous ;
cotyledons fleshy. Gaertn. Fruct. I. 271, t. 57, fig. 1; Lamk. Ill. t. 544 ;
Wall. Cat. 1796; Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 667; Dalz. & Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 200; Wight Ic. t. 1471 (?); Bedd. FI. Syly. CLXXIIL., and
Anal. XXII. fig. 1; Brandis For. Fl. 363; Kurz For. Fl. Il. 267; Mig.
Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 876; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 361; Clarke in Hook. f.
Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 594; Cooke Fl. Bomb. Il. 432; Prain Beng. Plants
835. C. viscosum, Vent. Jard. Malm. t. 25; Bot. Mag. t. 1805; Bot.
Reg. t. 629. CO. cordatwm, Don Prodr. Fl. Nep. 103; Schauer J. c. 674.
Volkameria infortwnata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 59. Clerodendron, Linn.
Fl. Zeyl. 232; Burm. Thes. Zeyl. 66. }

Sramese States: Poongah, Cwrtis 2949. Sinearpore: Schom-
burgk 106.—Distris. India, Burma, Ceylon, Java, Moluccas.

We have not quoted ‘“ Peragu,’’ Rheede Hort. Mal. II. t. 25, which Clarke &
Miquel consider to be this species. Schauer quotes it under C. villosum, and it seems
to us to resemble that species more closely in the leaves and calyx. C. villosum has
not hitherto been recorded from the Western Peninsula, but Gamble has specimens
collected in the Wynaad region of the Nilgiris which seem to be it and not C. infortu-
natum. We do not feel very sure that the plant figured in Wight Ic. t. 1471 is not
C. villosum rather than C. infortunatum.

11. CLrERODENDRON viLLosum, Blume Bijdr. 811 (1826). A shrub,
usually about 3 to d ft. high (10 to 16 ft., Keng’s Collector; 15 to 20 ft.,
Kurz); branchlets stout, obtusely quadrangular, densely tawny-villous,
channelled on the sides. Leaves chartaceo-coriaceous; ovate acuminate
at apex, cordate or truncate at base, sometimes slightly cuneate; both
surfaces tawny-villous or velvety tomentose, those of young leaves
white-silky ; margins entire; 4 to 8 in. long, 3 to 5 in. broad; midrib
stout, prominent; main nerves 5 to 6 pairs, the lowest pair from the
base spreading at right angles to the midrib with about 8 to 10 nerves
from the lower side, the next pair from close above it curving upwards
with also about 8 to 10 nerves from the lower side, the rest more dis-
tant and similarly curving; transverse nervules distant, pale; reticu-
lations obscure; petiole 2 to 6 in. long, densely tawny-pubescent.
Panicle terminal, pyramidal, thyrsoid, spreading, reaching 4 to 7 in.
long and 6 in. broad, densely tawny-pubescent; branches long pedun- -
cled, ending in trichotomous cymes of rather few flowers; bracts leafy,
ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, persistent ; bracteoles many, small, lanceo-
late, deciduous ; pedicels ‘1 to -2 in. long; buds short, clavate, rounded ;
flowers white or cream-coloured, tinged with red. Calyx cleft about

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 837

two-thirds down, with large prominent, scattered, rounded glands ;
lobes ovate-lanceolate, cuspidate-acuminate, 25 in. long; fruiting
ealyx white, much enlarged, nearly 1 in. in diam. when opened, com-
pletely embracing the fruit. Corolla villous; tube cylindric, -2 to ‘3 in.
long; lobes obovate-oblong, as long as tube. Stamens long-exsert ;
filaments slender; anthers oblong-reniform; cells parallel. Ovary
glabrous, obtuse ; style slender, longer than the stamens; stigmatic lobes
2 very short. Drupe globose, shining, black when ripe (King’s Collec-
tor), white (Jack), slightly succulent, with 4 to 1 pyrenes; pyrenes
convex on the outer, flattened on the two inner, faces, ‘25 in. long;
endocarp crustaceous, reticulate. Seeds oblong, curved, -15 to ‘2 in.
long; testa thin; cotyledons fleshy, curved, somewhat unequal ;
radicle minute. Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 667; Kurz For. FI. II. 268;
Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 877; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl: Br. Ind. IV. 595.
C. molle, Jack in Mal. Misc. I. 15, and in Hook. Bot. Misc. I. 283 (not
of H.B.K.). C. velutinum, Wall. Cat. 1797. C. trichotomum, Wall.
Cat. 6315 B (not of Thunb.).

Penanea: Curtis 101; roadsides on the hill, Deschamps; near
top of the hill, G. King. Prrax: Scortechini 1389; in open forests, at
100 to 300 ft. alt., Kzng’s Collector (Kunstler) 5191, 5647, 8831.
Dinpines: Pangkore, Scortechim 63. Matacca: Griffith 6051; Main-
gay (K.D.) 1187; Hervey; Derry 148. Sineapore: Cuming 2415;
Wallich 1797; Murton 124; Schomburgk 66; Kurz; G. King; Des-
champs.—Distris. Burma (Martaban, fide Kurz; Mergui, Groffith),
Java, Sumatra; Philippines.

12. CLERODENDRON COLEBROOKIANUM, Walp. Rep. IV. 114 (1844).
A large shrub, sometimes a small tree with silver-grey bark ; branchlets
glabrous, or the uppermost pubescent, quadrangular, furrowed below
the leaf-petioles, more or less fleshy and soft; innovations tawny-
pubescent. Leaves membranous when dry, opposite; broadly ovate,
acute at apex, cordate at base, the sinus rather broad; both surfaces
glabrous except the nerves beneath which are puberulous, a few large
glands on the lower surface especially near the apex of the petiole ; mar-
gins entire or sinuate; 5 to 12 in. long, 4 to 10 in. broad; midrib
prominent ; main nerves 8 to 10 pairs, the lowest pair from just above
the petiole, with about 5 to 6 branch-nerves on the outer side, all
spreading and curving only close to the margin; transverse nerves
faint, as are the netted reticulations; petiole 2 to 8 in. long, cylindric,
smooth. Pamicles large, spreading, terminal, pubescent, reaching 1 to
2 ft. in diam.; branches long-peduncled, ending in corymbose, close,
many-flowered cymes; bracts lanceolate, caducous ; bracteoles many,
lanceolate ; pedicels short, ‘1 to -2 in. long; buds clavate, often 1 in.

838 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

long; flowers white to rose-purple. Calyx pubescent, -15 to -26 in.
long, cleft half-way down; tube with often a large gland under each
lobe; lobes triangular-lanceolate, acute; fruiting calyx scarcely
enlarged. Corolla-tube cylindric, slender, nearly glabrous, 75 to 1 in.
long; lobes elliptic or obovate, -25 in. long. Stamens long-exsert ;
filaments glabrous ; anthers oblong-reniform, -075 in. long; cells parallel.
Ovary glabrous, obtuse ; style very long and slender; stigmatic lobes 2,
short. Drupe glabrous, blue, 3 to °35in. in diam. with usually 4 pyrenes.
Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 672; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. LY. 594.
C. glandulosum, Colebr. MS. ex Wall. Cat. 1806; fide Walp.; Lindl. in
Bot. Reg. t. 19 (1844) am note; Schauer l.c.

Sincapore: Lobb.—Distris. India (Sikkim, Assam, Burma). It
is not quite certain that it is really indigenous in the Peninsula; Lobb’s
specimen may have been from a cultivated plant.

Var. Forbes, King & Gamble. Leaves and branchlets puberulous ;
panicles reduced to a terminal corymb of closely packed flowers 4 to
5 in. long ; no glands on calyx or midrib of leaf; flowers dark scarlet.

Sumatra (near Kagoengan Ratoe, Lampongs, at 500 ft. alt., Forbes
1786).

13. CLERODENDRON PANICULATUM, Linn. Mant. 90 (1771). A shrub,
reaching 4 to 6 ft. in height; branchlets quadrangular, channelled
below the leaf-petioles, glabrous or puberulous, the bases of the leaves
(as also the branches of the inflorescence) joined at the nodes by a belt
of soft brown hairs. Leaves membranous; variable in shape, usually
orbicular or ovate, from almost simple to deeply 3- to 7-lobed, cordate
or hastate at base, acuminate at apex and at the apices of the lobes;
upper surface sparsely hispid or glabrescent, lower pale and densely
covered with round peltate glands; margins entire or minutely denticu-
late; 4 to 8 in. in diam.; midrib stout, ribs usually 3 pairs radiating
from the base, the lower deflexed ; main nerves of middle lobe 5 to 6 pairs,
of side lobes about the same but stronger on the lower side; reticula-
tions slender, netted ; petiole variable, 1 to6 in. or more. Panicles ter-
minal, thyrsoid, pyramidal, spreading, 4 to 12 in. long by 3 to 8 in. broad,
with opposite branches bearing trichotomous cymes with racemose red-
dish branches, the rhachises channelled ; bracts foliaceous, like the leaves
but smaller ; bracteoles small, linear, numerous, red ; pedicels slender, red,
‘25 to ‘75 in. long; buds clavate, the head globose; flowers red, orange
or almost white; the calyx red. Calyx divided nearly to the base; lobes
oblong-lanceolate, acute, ‘15 to ‘2 in. long, much enlarged in fruit, stel-
late, the lobes closely embracing the drupe. Corolla-tube slender,
cylindric, puberulous, ‘5 to ‘7 in. long; lobes nearly equal, elliptic, -2 to
‘4 in. long, patent. Stamens long exserted; filaments red, glabrous ;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 839

anthers oblong-reniform; cells parallel. Ovary glabrous, cylindric ;
style very slender; stigmatic branches short. Drwpe obovoid, 1- to 4-
pyrened (usually 1 only); pyrenes pyriform ; endosperm crustaceous,
reticulate. Seeds conform to the pyrene; testa membranous ; cotyledons
unequal, fleshy; radicle very small. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, IV. 64;
Vahl Symb. II. 74; Bot. Reg. t. 406; Reichb. Fl. Exot. t. 208; Hassk.
Pl. Jav. Rar. 488; Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 668; Blume Bijdr. 811;
Mig. El. Ind. Bat. II. 879; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 593;
Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 7141. C. pyramidale, Andy. Bot. Rep. t. 628;
Wall. Cat. 1802. C. splendidum, Wall. Cat. 1803. Volkameria angulata,
Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 389.

KepaxH: on low ground near sea-level, King’s Collector (Kunstler)
1792. Prenane: Wallich 1802; at Tanjong Bunga, Cwrtzs 313. PERAK:
Wray 42, 2435 ; at L. W. Resthouse, Scortechini 915; at Ipoh, Deschamps ;
at Larut, on rocks at 300 to 800 ft. alt., Kzng’s Collector 6437. SELANGOR:
gap on Pahang side, at 2000 to 3000 ft. alt., Curtes 3759. Mauacca:
Griffith 6050. Sinearpore: Frdley ; gardens, hedges, and waste places,
Deschamps; Bukit Mandai, Goodenough.—DtistRis. Siam (Hemsley in
Journ. Linn. Soc. XX VI. 262).

14. CLERODENDRON SIPHONANTHUS, Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2,
TY. 65 (1812). An erect, usually single-stemmed, little-branched shrub,
reaching 4 to 8 ft. in height; branchlets channelled, smooth-barked.
Leaves membranous when dry, verticillate, 3- to 5-nate or opposite, the
bases of the petioles joined by a pubescent ring; narrowly lanceolate ©
or oblong-lanceolate, shortly acuminate at apex, attenuate at base;
both surfaces glabrous, the lower pale; margins entire or sinuate, re-
curved; 4 to 8 in. long, 5 to lin. broad; midrib prominent; main nerves
10 to 12 pairs, very short, straight, joiming prominent looped intra-
marginal nerves which start from the base; transverse nervules very
few; petiole none or extremely short. Panicle terminal, thyrsoid,
leafy, reaching 8 to 18 in. in length, and 4 to 6 in. in diam.; branches
red, verticillate, of lax peduncled few-flowered cymes; bracts linear-
lanceolate, ‘5 in. long ; bracteoles subulate; pedicels ‘5 to 1:5 in. long, ,
puberulous; buds long, clavate;*flowers white, changing to cream-

colour. Calyx puberulous, divided three-fourths down ; lobes ovate-
lanceolate, acute, densely clothed within with minute round glands,
‘3 to ‘4 in. long, ‘15 in. broad ; fruiting calyx greatly enlarged, leathery,
up to 15 in. in diam., crimson. Corolla-tube funnel-shaped, glabrous,
curved, 3 to 4:5 in. long, about -1 in. broad below, widening above ;
lobes spreading, obovate- or oblong-obtuse, -3 to -4 in. long. Stamens
long exsert; filaments slender, glabrous; anthers oblong, ‘1 to -15 in.
long ; cells parallel. Ovary glabrous, obtuse; style very long, slender ;

840 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

stigmatic branches short, rather thick. Drupe 1- to 4-lobed according
to the number of pyrenes, about °5 in. in diam.; exocarp fleshy, dark
blue; pyrenes rounded except a slight flattening on the inner side,
smooth, ‘4 in. by -25 in.; endocarp crustaceous. Seeds conform to the
pyrenes ; testa thin, soft; cotyledons very fleshy; radicle very small.
Wall. Cat.1784; Wight Ill.t.173; Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI.670; Brandis
For. Fl. 364; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. Suppl. 69; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.
II. 883; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 595; Cooke Fl. Bomb.
II. 433; Prain Beng. Plants 836. C. verticillatwm, Don Prodr. FI.
Nep. 102; Schauer l.c. 671. Szphonanthus wmdica, Willd. Sp. Pl. I.
606; Lamk. Ill. t. 79, fig. 1; Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 67. S. angustifolia,
Willd. l.c. Ovieda mitis, Burm. Fl. Ind. 136, t. 48, figs. 1, 2.

Perak: at Trong, Wray 3170.—Distris. India, Burma, Java,
Sumatra, Celebes, Siam (Schomburgk 302). Often cultivated in
gardens.

15. CLERODENDRON RipueEyi, King & Gamble in Kew Bull. 111
(1908). A small slender tree, reaching 15 ft. in height and 2 to 3 in. in
diam.; branches smooth, pale brown; branchlets (also rachis of in-
florescence) quadrangular, shining. Leaves opposite, membranous ;
elliptic, elliptic-lanceolate or ovate, caudate-acuminate at apex, rounded
or cuneate at base; both surfaces glabrous, the lower pale; margins
entire; 3 to 7 in. long, 1 to 3 in. broad; midrib slender, prominent
beneath; main nerves 5 to 7 pairs, the lowest pair from close to the
base at an acute angle with the midrib, the rest more spreading,
meeting in a looped intramarginal nerve; transverse nervules few,
irregular, other reticulations not visible; petiole slender, 75 to 2 in.
long, winged by decurrent ridges from the base of the blade. Panicle
terminal, few-flowered, reaching with the peduncle at most 6 in. long
and 3 in. broad; branches divaricate, 1 to 1:5 in. long; bracts leafy,
lanceolate, acuminate, caducous; bracteoles linear; pedicels slender,
‘25 in. long; buds very long, clavate; flowers white (Azdley) or pale
yellow (Kunstler). Calyx erect, deeply divided; lobes glabrous, lanceo-
late, caudate-acuminate, ‘5 to ‘7 in. long, often with scattered large
peltate glands; fruiting calyx enlarged, enclosing the fruit, 1-5 in. in
diam. when opened out, deep red in colour. Corolla-tube cylindric,
slightly funnel-shaped at top, 3 to 3:5 in. long, very slender; lobes ob-
ovate, obtuse, ‘5 in. long, subequal. Stamens long-exsert; anther-cells
parallel. Ovary glabrous, obtuse, 4-lobed; style very long, slender ;
stigmatic lobes very short. Drwpe deep red, smooth, globose, fleshy,
‘5 in. in diam. with 4 to 1 pyrenes; pyrenes pyriform, slightly ribbed ;
endocarp crustaceous. Seeds conform to the pyrenes; testa membra-
nous ; cotyledons very thick, fleshy.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. B41

Perak: in dense forest near Larut, up to 300 ft., King’s Collector
2944, 3988. SrLancor: at Batu Tiga, Redley 11862.

CLERODENDRON Lopstt, C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. F]. Br. Ind. IV. 590 (1885), is a
elimbing shrub which, in all probability, does not belong to this genus. Mr. Ridley
informs us that it is very common in Borneo, and that he thinks Lobb’s specimen
must have been collected at Kuching and not in Penang. It is a very handsome,
striking plant, and has been cultivated. It has the upper leaves of the spray bright
red, flowers of a light salmon-red, and a horn-shaped fruit about 2 in. long. There is
a good picture of it in Miss North's Gallery at Kew, to which Mr. Ridley has drawn
our attention.

10. Virex, Linn.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, digitately 3- to 7-foliolate, some-
times 1-foliolate ; leaflets usually entire, sometimes dentate, generally
petiolulate. Flowers blue, white or yellow, in sessile or pedunculate
cymes forming terminal or axillary or both terminal and axillary
panicles or corymbs; bracts usually small, often caducous. Calyx
campanulate or tubular funnel-shaped, usually truncate or shortly
d-toothed, sometimes bilabiate with 3 to 5 teeth. Corolla small, 2-lipped ;
tube long or short; upper lip usually of 2, lower of 3, lobes, the central
lobe of the lower lip much the longest. Stamens 4 didynamous, usually
exserted ; anther-cells various, always attached at the tip only, generally
parallel at first, afterwards divaricate. Ovary 2- to 4-celled, 4-ovuled ;
style filiform; stigma bifid. Fruit a globose or ovoid or obovoid
drupe; supported by the more or less enlarged calyx ; mesocarp gene-
rally fleshy; endocarp a bony pyrene, normally 4-celled and 4-seeded,
but often with some of the cells suppressed, the base of the pyrene
sometimes hollowed in a cavity. Seeds obovate or oblong; albumen 0;
cotyledons usually fleshy; radicle inferior.—Distris. About 120
species, in all tropical and warm temperate regions.

Inflorescence terminal, with occasional additional branches in
the axils of uppermost leaves :—
Leaves without wings to the petioles :—
Shrubs or small trees; leaves membranous, grey-pubescent

beneath :—
Leaves 1- to 3-foliolate; margins entire; petiole under
1 in. long; calyx under ‘1 in. long oc so) Ils Wo trol
Leaves 3- to 5-foliolate; margins sometimes crenate ;
petiole over 1 in. long; calyx over 1 in. long -. 2. V. Negundo.

Trees; leaves chartaceous or coriaceous, not grey-pube-
scent beneath :—

Leaves 1-foliolate, coriaceous :— =
Leaves 1:5 to 4:5 in. broad, with a prominent intra-
marginal nerve; panicle-branches spicate .. 3. V. holophylla.

8

842 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Leaves 2 to 3 in. broad, no prominent intramarginal

nerve; panicle-branches racemose oe .. 4. V. Clarkeana.
Leaves 3-foliolate; leaflets petiolulate :—

Leaves coriaceous ; inflorescence of stout panicles up

to 8 in. long, the flowers clustered a .. 5. V. coriacea.
Leaves chartaceous ; inflorescence of slender panicles,
the flowers not clustered os 50 .. 6. V. siamica.

Leaves 3- to 5-foliolate, chartaceous or coriaceous :—
Leaflets sessile or subsessile; inflorescence densely
tawny-pubescent; bracts large, conspicuous .. 7. V. pubescens.
Leaflets petiolulate; inflorescence thinly cinereous-
tomentose ; bracts very small or none :—
Leafiets long-acuminate; panicie-branches slender,
with few-flowered cymules; corolla-tube without a
ring of hairs within bo ae .. 8. V. heterophylla.
Leaflets short-acuminate; panicle-branches stout,
with many-flowered cymules; corolla-tube with a
ring of hairs within ae 52 .. 9. V. sumatrana
Leaves with winged petioles, the wings broad :— var. urceolata.
Leafiets long-lanceolate, scabrous-dotted, under 2-5 in.

broad zs 32 52 30 .. 10. V. pteropoda.
Leafiets elliptic or elliptic-obovate, over 3 in. broad, not
scabrous-dotted 55 Ae a5 .. Ll. V. per-alata.

Inflorescence axillary :—

Leaves 3- to 5-foliolate, glabrate; cymes peduncled, reaching
4 to 5 in. long bi 58 ee .. 12. V. glabrata.
Leaves 3-foliolate ; cymes sessile, under 1:5 in. long :—

Leaves and cymes densely tawny-pubescent; drupe with a

hard-ridged pyrene, having 3 to 4 seed-bearing cells above

and an empty cavity below :—

Calyx-lobes oblong-lanceolate, 25 in. long, conspicuous;

bracts large, conspicuous ; leaves large Ba .. 13. V. longisepala.
Calyx-lobes short, acute, inconspicuous; bracts minute,
caducous; leaves small AD a .. 14. V. vestita.
Leaves glabrate; cymes sparingly fulvous-hairy; calyx
2-lipped Se 50 35 ee .. 15. V. gamosepala.

We have not maintained Clarke’s subgenus Guossocatyx because the species
V. gamosepala, for which it was established, is so very nearly allied to V. longisepala
and V. vestita that, if any subgenus were necessary, it ought to be one which would
include these three, so different in inflorescence and fruit from the rest of the genus,
and closely allied to Premna and Gmelina.

1. Virex tTrirouié, Linn. Sp. Pl. 638 (1753). A shrub or small
tree; bark smooth, pale grey; branchlets quadrangular, covered with
an appressed hairy tomentum. Leaves membranous; 1- to 3-folio-
late ; the terminal leaflets sessile or very shortly petiolulate, the lateral
leaflets sessile; leaflets elliptic or obovate, or almost orbicular (especi-

ee oO Fae.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 843

ally when 1-foliolate), obtuse or acute at apex, rounded or cuneate
(especially the terminal, if 3) at base; upper surface glabrous, lower
densely white-tomentose ; margins entire ; end leaflet 1 to 3 in. long,
‘dO to 1:25 in. broad, lateral leaflets smaller ; main nerves 8 to 12 pairs,
inconspicuous; petiole slender, ‘5 to 1 in. long. Panicles terminal,
oblong, white-tomentose, reaching 1 to 5 in. in length; the rachis sub-
quadrangular; cymes opposite, up to 1 in. long, brachiate; bracts
linear, minute; flowers lavender to blue. Calyx sessile, campanulate,
‘075 to -1 in. long; tube ribbed from the teeth, white-tomentose ;
teeth 5, regular, acute, very small. Corolla -25 to ‘35 in. long; tube
scaly-pubescent without, villous within at the insertion of the stamens ;
upper lip of 2 short rounded lobes, lower of 3 lobes, the lateral
lobes -06 in. long, the midlobe longest, -125 in. long, villous, hairy
within and usually incurved. Stamens exsert; filaments hairy-villous
near the base; anther-cells curved. Ovary rounded, depressed, glandu-
lar-dotted. Drupe ellipsoid, depressed at top, °2 in. in diam.,
slightly ribbed, glandular-dotted, half-enclosed in the somewhat en-
larged calyx. linn. f. Suppl. 293; Lamk. Dict. IT. 613; Roxb. FI.
Ind. III. 69; Bot. Mag. t. 2187; Wall. Cat. 1743; Schauer in DC.
Prodr. XI. 683 ; Blume Bijdr. 812; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 859; Benth.
in Fl. Austral. V. 66; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. CLXXII; Brandis For. Fl. 370;
Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 583; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 356;
Cooke Fl. Bomb. II. 428 ; Prain Beng. Plants 833; Koord. & Val. Bijdr.
VII. 200. V. ovata, Thunb. Fl. Jap. 257; Lamk. J.c.; Hook. & Arn.
Bot. Beech. Voy. 206, t. 47.. V. repens, Blanco FI. Filip. 513. V. inczsa,
Wall. Cat. 1746 (partly, not of Lamk.). V. Agnus castus var., Kurz
For. Fl. II. 269. “ Lagondiwm vulgare,” Rumph. Herb. Amb. IV. 48,
t.18. ‘‘ Caranosi,” Rheede Hort. Mal. II. t. 11.

Perak: Scortechint 644, 1459. Manacca: Griffith; Maingay
(K.D.) 1206; Hervey. Sincapore: at Pulau Obun, Kunstler 57.
—Distris. India, Ceylon, Malay Archipelago, North Austvalia,
Japan.

2. Vitex Necunpo, Linn. Sp. Pl. 638 (1753). A large shrub or
small tree ; bark thin, grey; branchlets quadrangular, covered with an
appressed hairy tomentum. Leaves membranous; 3- to 5-foliolate, the
terminal leaflet petiolulate (up to ‘75 in. long), the lateral leaflets
shortly petiolulate (usually about -25 in.), sometimes nearly or quite
sessile ; leaflets lanceolate, acuminate at apex, attenuate at base; upper
surface nearly glabrous, lower densely white-tomentose ; margins entire
or sometimes coarsely crenate; end leaflet 2 to 4 in. long, ‘5 to 1:25 in.
broad, lateral leaflets shorter ; main nerves about 15 pairs with a few
secondary nerves between ; petiole slender, 1 to 1:5 in. long, white-tomen-

844 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

tose. Panicles 1 to 3 together, terminal, oblong-pyramidal, white-
tomentose, reaching 12 in. long; the rachis quadrangular ; peduncle of
each branch variable, 1 to 4 in. long; cymes opposite, reaching 1 in. in
length, but usually shorter, brachiate, at first dichotomous ; bracts linear,
short, the lowest somewhat leafy ; flowers blueish-purple. Calya sessile,
campanulate; tube ‘1 to -15 in. long, faintly ribbed, enlarged in fruit ;
teeth regular, acute, ‘05 in. long, sometimes slightly cuspidate. Corolla
‘25 to °35 in. long; tube scaly-pubescent and slightly glandular with-
out, villous within at the insertion of the stamens and on the midlobe
of the lower lip; upper lip 2-lobed, lobes rounded, recurved ; lower lip
3-lobed, the midlobe much the longest and obtuse at tip, lateral lobes
spreading. Stamens exsert; filaments villous at the base; anther-cells
curved. Ovary rounded, very slightly glandular. Druwpe ovoid,
depressed at top, ‘2 in. in diam., slightly ribbed, glandular-dotted.
Roxb. Fl: Ind. III. 70; Wall. Cat. 1744; Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI.
684; Wight Ic. t. 519; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. CLXXI; Brandis For. Fl. 369;
Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. II. 890; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. 1V. 583;
Trimen FI. Ceyl. III. 357 ; Cooke Fl. Bomb. II. 428 ; Prain Beng. Plants
833 ; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. VII. 201. V. becolor, Willd. Enum. Hort.
Berol. 660; Schauer J. c. 683 ; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 201. V. arborea,
Desf. Cat. Hort. Paris, 391. V. paniculata, Lamk. Dict. II. 612; Roxb.
l.c. 71. “ Lagondiuwm litoreum,” Rumph. Herb. Amb. IV. t. 19. “ Bem-
most,’ Rheede Hort. Mal. II. t. 12.

Petani: at Tomoh, Machado (Ridley 5813). Matacca: Griffith.
SincaporE: fiidley 4118. — Distris. India, Ceylon, Malay Archi-
pelago. Ridley thinks it is probably not really indigenous in the
Peninsula.

3. VITEX HOLOPHYLLA, Baker in Kew Bull. 25 (1896). A small tree;
branches with yellowish-white bark ; branchlets also yellowish, shining,
obtusely quadrangular ; innovations tawny-tomentose. Leaves opposite,
coriaceous, simple ; ovate-lanceolate or ovate-oblong, acuminate at apex,
rounded at base ; both surfaces glabrous, upper olive-green, lower ferru-
ginous; margins entire; 4 to12 in. long, 1:5 to 4‘5in. broad; midrib stout,
prominent, keeled above; main nerves 7 to 9 pairs at an angle of 70°
with the midrib, curving upwards to meet in an intramarginal looped
nerve, all slightly impressed above, raised beneath; secondary nerves
many, irregular ; reticulations prominent, netted; petiole -75 to 1:5 in.
long, prominently jointed at both ends, younger ones puberulous.

' Cymes in terminal panicles of rather long glomerulate spikes reaching
6 to 7 in. long and 3 to 4 in. broad; densely tawny-tomentose when
young, afterwards glabrate; bracts lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate,
caducous, ‘1 to ‘2 in. long; bracteoles 2, much smaller; flowers in each

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 845

glomerule about 3 on each side, sessile. Calyx campanulate, tawny-
pubescent and glandular, -1 in. long; lobes 5 subequal, deltoid; calyx
in fruit much accrescent, cup-shaped, truncate, ‘5 in. in diam. Corolla-
tube funnel-shaped, pubescent and glandular without, sparsely villous
within ; 2-lipped, upper lip shortly 2-lobed, the lobes rounded, reflexed,
lower lip 3-lobed, midlobe long, very villous within. Stamens exsert ;
filaments slightly villous; anther-cells divaricate, often recurved.
Ovary rounded, villous at tip. Drupe globose or obovoid, -75 in. in
diam., depressed at apex; pericarp crustaceous ; cells 2; seed usually 1.

JOHORE: at Sungee Kaliang, Aidley 4031.—Distris. Borneo (at
Sandakan, Governor Creagh; Lowe; at Sarawak, Beccarz 1111).

4. Virex CiuARKEANA, King & Gamble. A small shrubby tree,
reaching about 15 ft. in height ; branchlets pale brown, round, glabrous
or puberulous. Leaves coriaceous, 1-foliolate; leaflet sessile, lanceo-
late or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate at apex, rounded at base; both
surfaces glabrous, greyish when dry, the lower puncticulate; margins
entire, recurved ; 6 to 12 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad; midrib stout, very
prominently raised on the lower, slightly on the upper surface ; main
nerves 12 to 20 pairs, irregularly but slightly curving to near the
margin, where they sharply bend parallel to it, all but the few lowest
joining in an intramarginal looped nerve ; secondary nerves few between
the main nerves; reticulations irregular, not transverse and not promi-
nent ; petiole -5 to -75 in. long, jointed at the base of the leaflet.
Panicle terminal, puberulous, 12 to 18 in. long ; peduncle stout, angled,
2 to 4 in. long; main branches usually 3, elongate, the middle one
usually longest, bearing distant opposite corymbose cymes of rather
large flowers ; the cymes 1 in. rarely 2 in. long ; bracts small, caducous ;
bracteoles minute ; pedicels about ‘1 to -2 in. long, much thickened in
fruit; flowers pale blue, the lip darker. Calyx-tube campanulate,
tawny-pubescent, -125 to 15 in. long, much enlarged in fruit; lobes 5
irregular, short, acute. Corolla-tube -25 in. long, pubescent without
and at the insertion of the stamens within, 2-lipped; upper lip shortly
2-lobed, lobes recurved ; lower lip 3-lobed, the midlobe twice as long as
the recurved sides-lobes, constricted below, spreading above, crenate,
villous. Stamens exsert ; filaments villous at base, thickened ; anther-
cells elliptic. Ovary globose, depressed, tawny-pubescent ; style slen-
der, as long as stamens; stigma shortly 2-lobed. Drupe ovoid, °3 in. in
diam. or longer, tawny-pubescent ; seed apparently 1 only. V. semplici-
folia, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 586 (1885).

Dinpinas: Pangkore Island, Curtis 1611. PrErax: Scortechini
1383; at Telok Sera, Ridley 7990; in forest overlooking Bernam
River, King’s Collector 8788. Matacca: Griffith (K.D.) 6064. JonorE:

846 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Lake & Kelsall on Sembrong River, 4059.—Distris. Borneo (Motley
1269; Beccart 166; Lobb, Haviland 1580).

The name of this plant has had to be changed, as that of simplicifolia was already
occupied by V. simplicifolia, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XXIX. 133, t. 130 (1875), a
Central African plant collected by the Speke & Grant Expedition.

5. VITEX CoRIACEA, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 586 (1885).
A tree, reaching 60 ft. or more in height and 15 to 20 in. in diam.;
branches slender with greyish-brown fissured bark; branchlets pale
brown, obscurely quadrangular, striate, puberulous. Leaves coria-
ceous, 3-foliolate; leaflets petioluled, entire, lanceolate or oblanceolate,
obtuse or acute at apex, long-attenuate at base; both surfaces glabrous,
upper shining, lower dull, minutely glandular, prominently reticulate ;
3 to 5 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad, the midlobe only slightly longer than
the others ; midrib prominent; main nerves 6 to 7 pairs, curving up-
wards to and along the margin where they anastomose, joined by
prominent but irregular netted reticulations all raised on the lower
surface ; petiole 1 to 2 in. long, puberulous, angular, the apex swollen,
petiolule of mid-leaflet about ‘5 in. long, of the side ones about -25 in.
Pamcles terminal, strict, sessile, minutely fulvous-puberulous, reaching
6 to 8 in. in length and 3 to 4 in. in breadth ; branches many, elongate,
ascending, subquadrangular; the main peduncles often 3 in. long or
more; the flowers in small often distant clusters; bracts small, linear ;
flowers violet or blue. Calyx funnel-shaped, fulvous-pubescent, en-
larged and cup-like in fruit; tube ‘1 in. long; lobes 5, rounded, ‘05 in.
long. Corolla 2-lipped ; tube fulvous-pubescent without except at the
base, as also within at the insertion of the stamens, ‘25 in. long ; upper
lip 2-lobed, lobes rounded, very pubescent, ciliate, ‘1 in. long; lower
lip 3-lobed, midlobe ovate crenate, contracted at base, shaggy-villous
within, ‘15 in. long, side lobes rounded, reflexed, -125 in. long. Stamens
exsert ; filaments thickened, pubescent ; anthers curved so as nearly to
meet at the tips. Ovary globose, only slightly glandular; style longer
than filaments, pubescent; stigma bifid, the lobes reflexed. Drupe ellip-
soid, very smooth, ‘5 in. long, :25 to 35 in. broad, seated on the enlarged
cup-shaped calyx; pericarp rather thin. Seed apparently 1 only.

Kepan: lower slopes of Kedah Peak, Ridley 5555. Prnane:
Government Hill, Curtis 323. Perak: on Waterfall Hill, at 1000 ft.,
Wray 2225; Scortechint 2082; in hill forests, at 500 to 800 ft., King’s
Collector 4388, 4638, 7782, 8135. Matacca: Griffith (K.D.) 6065,1;
Maingay (K.D.) 1203; at Ayer Panas and Bukit Bruang, Derry 98,
1029. Srneapore: T. Anderson 183.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 847

6. Virex sramica, Williams in Bull. Herb. Boiss. Ser. 2, V. 431 (1905).
A tree with spreading branches, reaching 30 to 40 ft. in height and 15
to 20 in. in diam. of stem; branchlets rather slender, dark brown,
glabrous, with prominent usually elongated lenticels. Leaves coriaceo-
chartaceous; 3-foliolate, the leaflets all petiolulate, glabrous, entire ;
leaflets ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate often bluntly at apex,
rounded or cuneate at base, the side leaflets sometimes slightly asym-
metric ; the middle leaflet 2°5 to 5 in. long, ‘75 to 1:75 in. broad, the side
ones usually about one-third smaller ; midrib slender, raised beneath ;
main nerves 12 to 24 pairs, usually regularly spaced and parallel, only
slightly curving to the margin and then anastomosing in an obscure
looped marginal nerve, all raised beneath ; secondary nerves and reticu-
lations firmly netted; petiole 1 to 2 in. long, slender; petiolules about
‘5 in. long, the middle one only slightly longer than the others.
Panicles terminal, with sometimes additional branches from the axils
of the upper leaves, minutely puberulous, sessile, many-flowered, reach-
ing sometimes 12 in. in length; rachises very slender, puberulous,
obscurely 4-angled ; branches at first 3-chotomous, ultimately ending in
slender dichasia; bracts many, conspicuous, persistent, linear-lanceolate,
‘25 to ‘75 in. long; bracteoles 2 to each pedicel, similar but slightly
smaller ; pedicels slender, sometimes 0; flowers small, pale blue or
white. Calyx-tube campanulate, pubescent and with glandular dots
without, -05 in. long; teeth 5, acute, ‘025 in. long; in fruit much
enlarged, cup-shaped. Corolla small, 2-lipped; tube -1 in. long, pubes-
cent on both sides except at the base, and with many yellow glands;
upper lip with 2 short obtuse lobes, lower with 3 obtuse lobes, the
middle lobe the longest and villous inside. Stamens included or very
slightly exsert; filaments thickened, villous; anther-cells ellipsoid,
parallel. Ovary rounded, depressed, sparsely glandular; style rather
thick, as long as stamens; stigma shortly 2-fid. Drupe -15 in. in
diam., globose, depressed at top, obscurely 4-lobed, glandular, black
when dry; pyrene with thin putamen. Seeds usually 1 to 2, ovate,
acute at base, flattened; testa thin. V. sympodzophora, P. Brihl MS.
in Herb. Cale. V. lankavana, H. H. W. Pearson, MS. in Herb. Penang.
Kepau: at Coah, Langkawi Island, Cwrtis 1683; at Dayong
Bonting, Langkawi, Mor 12720. Prerax: on Batu Kurau top, Scorte-
chint 1618; in open jungle on the top of limestone hills, at 400 to
1000 ft., King’s Collector 7034, 8264. SmnLANGor: top of rocks, Gua
Batu, Ridley 8535. :
Briihl’s description, with drawings, in the Calcutta Herbarium, is most complete,

and has been of great use, especially as perfect flowers are very few on the specimens
available.

848 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

7. VITEX PUBESCENS, Vahl Symb. III. 85 (1794). A large tree,
reaching a height of 50 to 60 ft. or more; bark ash-coloured, fissured ;
branchlets quadrangular, brown, lenticellate ; innovations tawny-pubes-
cent. Leaves chartaceo-coriaceous; digitately 3- to 5-foliolate, the middle
leaflet always largest, the two next large, the basal pair when present
much smaller; leaflets entire, sessile or subsessile, obovate or elliptic
or broadly lanceolate, obtuse or acuminate at apex, rounded or cuneate
at base; glabrescent on the upper surface except on the nerves, minutely
pubescent on the lower surface; middle leaflet 6 to 8 in. long by about
3 in. broad, rest smaller in gradation; midrib stout; main nerves 12 to
20 pairs, regular, curving gently upwards and connected by prominent
nearly parallel transverse nervelets; petiole 2 to 4 in. long, deeply
channelled above; petiolules when present under ‘25 in. long. Panicles
terminal, densely tawny-pubescent, pyramidal, usually sessile, reaching
10 in. in length and 6 to 8 in. in breadth ; rachises sharply quadrangular ;
branch peduncles often 3 to 4 in. long; bracts many, conspicuous, per-
sistent, ovate or spathulate, those of main nodes sometimes leaf-like ;
bracteoles similar to the bracts but smaller; pedicels none or very
short; flowers blue or lilac. Calyx campanulate, thickly tomentose,
"15 to -25 in. long; lobes 5 acute. Corolla 2-lipped, gibbous; tube
broad, pubescent and glandular without except at the base, villous
within at the insertion of the stamens, glabrous below it, about -25 in.
long; upper lip 2-lobed, lower 3-lobed, the midlobe much the longest,
villous within and concave at tip, the others rounded, reflexed.
Stamens exsert; filaments broad and villous at the base; anther-cells
elongate, connected only at tip. Ovary glabrous; style slender, longer
than stamens; stigma shortly bifid. Drupe black, globose, -2 to -3 in.
long, depressed at top, faintly ribbed, 4-celled. Schauer in DC. Prodr.
XI. 685; Blume Bijdr. 812; Dene. in Nouv. Ann. Mus. d’Hist. Nat. III.
401; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. XXI.; Kurz For. Fl. Il. 271; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.
II. 861; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 585; Koord. & Val. Bijdr.
VII. 202; Prain Beng. Plants 833. V. arborea, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 46,
and Fl. Ind. III. 73; Jack in Mal. Mise. I. 18, and in Hook. Bot. Mise.
I. 285; Wall. Cat. 1747; Wight Ic. t. 1465. V. inequifolia, Turez. in
Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mose. II. 223.

Penane: Wallich 1747 part; J. Scott; Curtis 64. Perak: at
Thaipeng, Wray 139; King’s Collector 267; Scortechini 77, 99, 916.
Mauacca: Griffith; Maingay (K.D.) 1204; Derry. SrineaporE:
Wallick 1747 part; Schomburgk 48; Cantley 17; Ridley —Dis TR.
India, Burma, Malay Archipelago.

8. VITEX HETEROPHYLLA, Roxb. Hort Beng. 46 (1814), and Fl. Ind.
III. 75 (1832). A large tree, reaching 80 ft. in height and 8 ft. in diam.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 849

of stem; branchlets quadrangular, dark grey, lenticellate, gland-
dotted. Leaves chartaceous; 5-foliolate, the middle leaflet longest,
the next pair not much smaller, the lowest pair sometimes nearly as
long, sometimes reduced, all petiolulate or the lowest sometimes sub-
sessile; leaflets entire, variable, elliptic or elliptic-oblong or -ovate or
-oboyate, often long-cuspidate-acuminate at apex, attenuate or somewhat
rounded at base, the side leaflets usually unequally; both surfaces gla-
brous, dark reddish-brown when dry, the upper with white, the lower
with yellow glands; middle leaflet 5 to 7 in. long, 3 to 4 in. broad,
the rest smaller in proportion ; midrib stout, slightly impressed above,
raised beneath; main nerves 7 to 10 pairs curving upwards to and
along the margin and joined by fairly regular and prominent transverse
neryules; petiole 3 to 6 in. long, terete below and flattened above;
petiolule of middle leaflet ‘5 to 1 in. long, of next pair about ‘d in., of the
lowest pair 0 to -25in. long. Panicles terminal, the lowest nodes often
leafy, thinly cinereous-tomentose, usually sessile, thyrsoid, reaching
12 in. in length and 8 in. in diam. ; branches opposite, elongate, quad-
rangular, bearing interrupted pairs of cymules usually ‘5 to -75 in. long ;
bracts 0 or very small; pedicels very short; flowers pale yellow with
ablue ip. Calyx tubular campanulate, grey-pubescent and glandular,
‘1 in. long, enlarged and broadened and ribbed in fruit; teeth 5, small,
acute. Corolla-tube broadly funnel-shaped, pubescent and dotted with
yellow glands without, glabrous within except a row of villous hairs
within below the insertion of the stamens; 2-lipped, the upper lip of
2 recurved acute lobes ‘1 in. long, the lower of 3 lobes, the side ones
recurved, obtuse, ‘1 in. long, the middle one oblong, -15 in. long, villous
on the throat. Stamens exserted, curved; filaments glabrous; anther-
cells oblong, at first curved downwards, afterwards divaricate. Ovary
rounded, glabrous except a few glandular dots; style slender, thickened
above; stigma shortly 2-lobed. Drupe pyriform, depressed at top,
sparsely glandular, blackish-grey and wrinkled when dry; pyrene very
hard, ribbed, hollowed at base. Seeds oblong, flattened, -2 in. long,
‘O75 in. broad; testa thin, spongy; cotyledons oblong, ‘1 in. long;
radicle ‘04 in. long. Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 15, t. 226, and Cat. 1745;
~ Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 686 partly ; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind.
IV. 585; Prain Beng. Plants 833.

PERAK: at Tapa, Wray 197; in hill forests up to 1000 ft., King’s
Collector 6034, 7530, 10063, 10377.—Distris. India (Sikkim, Assam
and Hast Bengal).

9. Virex sumaTrana, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 567 (1860).

Var. urceolata, King & Gamble. A tree, reaching 40 to 60 ft. in
height and 2 ft. in diam. of stem ; branchlets quadrangular, channelled

850 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

at the sides from raised lines descending from the sides of the petiole,
glabrous or very slightly puberulous. Leaves chartaceous, 3- to 5-folio-
late, the middle leaflet longest, the next pair not much smaller, the lowest
pair a good deal smaller, all petiolulate or the lowest pair subsessile;
leaflets entire, obovate or oblong-obovate, shortly suddenly acuminate
at apex, rounded often unequally at base ; upper surface glabrous, except
on the nerves, olivaceous-brown, shining, rough, minutely white-gland-
dotted; lower surface glabrous, paler than the upper, with minute
yellow glands; middle leaflet 4 to 6 in. long, 2°5 to 3 in. broad, rest
gradually smaller but similar; midrib strong, impressed above; main
nerves about 10 pairs, irregular, curving upwards to and along the
margin and joined by rather irregular transverse nervules; petiole 1:5 to
4 in. long, quadrangular but not winged ; petiolule of middle leaflet about
1 in. long, of next pair about °5 in. long, of the lowest pair 0 to -25 in.
long. Panicles terminal, thinly cinereous-tomentose, thyrsoid, usually
sessile, reaching 8 in. in length and 6 in. in diam.; branches elongate,
cylindric, bearing interrupted whorls of pairs of many-flowered cymules
about ‘5 in. long; branch-peduncles 1 to 2 in. long; bracts linear ‘1 to
‘15 in. long, recurved, deciduous; buds large, reaching -25 in. long.
Calyx tubular-campanulate, -15 in. long, flattened in fruit and en-
larged; tube tawny-pubescent and glandular without, glabrous within ;
teeth short, acute, rounded in fruit. Corolla-tube curved, contracted
at the throat, -25 in. long, pubescent without except at the base, quite
glabrous within; 2-lipped, upper lip of 2 erect crenate lobes -1 in.
long, lower of 3 lobes, midlobe broad, crenate, obtuse, -2 in. long, side
lobes shorter, reflexed, all pubescent without, glabrous within. Stamens
curved, exsert; filaments glabrous; anther-cells attached only at one
point, curving to nearly erect. Ovary conical, with a few glands on its
top; style thickened, sigmoid below, glabrous ; stigma shortly 2-lobed.
Drupe globose, depressed, °3 to ‘5 in. long, shortly apiculate, wrinkled
when dry; pyrene very hard. Seeds flattened, oblong; testa thin,
spongy. V. urceolata, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 585 (1885).
V. heterophylla, Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 686 partly. V. Lowreiru,
Herb. Wight; not of Hook. & Arn.

Perak: in Upper Perak, at 3Q) ft., Wray 3653; Scortechini 61; in
dense mixed jungle, at 400 to 600 ft., Kzng’s Collector 10406. Manacca:
Griffith (K.D.) 6064; Maimgay (K.D.) 1205, 1207.

As pointed out by Clarke, this variety differs in the glabrescent foliage, larger
flowers and larger drupes. JV. heterophylla, Roxb., with which Koorders & Valeton
would combine V. wrceolata, has different leaves and inflorescence and a corolla
villous within.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 851

10. Virex prERopops, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 567 (1862). A
tree, reaching 40 to 60 ft. in height and a considerable diameter of stem;
branchlets stout, pale brown, obscurely quadrangular. Leaves cori-
aceous ; 9- to 7-foliolate, only the lowest pair much smaller than the
others; petiole prominently and very broadly winged; leaflets iong,
lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate or oblanceolate, acuminate at apex,
cuneate at base; both surfaces glabrous, minutely dotted and so
scabrid to the touch; margins recurved ; 4 to 20 in. long, 1 to 2°5 in.
broad; midrib stout; main nerves 12 to 16 pairs, prominent on the
lower surface, at first somewhat straight and then curving to and along
the margin till they meet, joined by prominent transverse nervules and
reticulations ; petiole 4 to 7 in. long, broadly winged, the wings broad-
est (1 to 15 in. on either side) at a short distance from the base, some-
times narrowed only near the top, sometimes earlier and then curving
upwards, often cordate or auricled at both ends; petiolules ‘5 to 1 in.
long, bordered by the decurrent margins of the leaflet blades. Panicles
terminal or partly axillary to uppermost leaves, subsessile, glabrous,
reaching 1 ft. in length and about 8 in. in diam.; rachises slender,
angular, striate or channelled ; peduncles of all classes, primary second-
ary and tertiary, long, ending in few sparse few-flowered short cymules
scarcely °25 in. long; bracts linear, acuminate, -1 to -15 in. long,
persistent; bracteoles under the calyx similar but shorter; pedicels
O or very short; flowers white with a pink tinge. Calyx urceolate,
glabrous, ‘1 in. long; teeth 5, acute. Corolla-tube short, ‘075 to -1 in.
long, puberulous without, glabrous or very slightly villous within near
the base; lobes short, obtuse. Stamens scarcely exsert; filaments
villous ; anther-cells ellipsoid, nearly parallel. Ovary globose, much
depressed, glabrous; style slender; stigma shortly 2-forked. Drwpe
ovoid-oblong, ‘75 to 1 in. long, ‘dO in. in diam., smooth, seated on the
spreading, much enlarged calyx; pericarp very thick; seed 1.

Perak: Scortechint; in dense jungle or low ground near Larut,
King’s Collector 5249, 6668.—Distris. Sumatra (Teysmann).

It is unfortunate that we could only find, in all the specimens available, one broken
and imperfect corolla. The tree is a remarkable one, and is clearly very nearly allied
to V. per-aluta, King, but differs in the long narrow leaflets with scabrid points, the
glabrous, usually terminal, sparsely flowered panicles, short corolla-tube and smaller
drupes. The broad wings to the petioles are much the same in both. The specimen
of Teysmann’s at Kew consists only of a couple of leaflets about 20 in. long.

11. VirEx pER-aLATA, King MS. in Herb. Calc., Kew Bull. 112
(1908). A spreading tree, reaching 80 ft. in height and 2 ft. in diam.
of stem; branchlets very thick, angular, striate, dark brown. Leaves

852 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

coriaceous ; 5- to 7-foliolate, only the lowest pair much smaller than the
others; petiole prominently and very broadly winged; leaflets elliptic
or elliptic-obovate, acute at apex, long-attenuate at base ; both surfaces
glabrous ; margins recurved ; middle lobe 6 to 20 in. long, 3 to 6 in.
broad, the rest smaller in proportion; midrib stout, impressed above,
raised beneath ; main nerves 10 to 14 pairs, prominently raised beneath,
curving upwards to and along the margin, joined by a conspicuous (on
upper surface) network of reticulations; petiole 3 to 6 in. long, the
wings broad below and almost cordate, the breadth (the broadest at 1 to
2 in. above the base) reaching 1:5 to 2 in. on either side at widest, curv-
ing upwards rather abruptly or gradually to the top, and veined like the
leaves ; petiolules often 0, when present scarcely reaching -25 in. long.
Panicles terminal or sometimes axillary to the uppermost leaves,
sessile or peduncled, puberulous, reaching 2 ft. in length and about 1 ft.
in diam.; rachises angular, channelled; peduncles up to 8 in. long,
very stout, somewhat flattened ; secondary peduncles of branches in
whorls of 4 around the main rachis, up to 5 in. long; flowers in short
opposite or alternate many-flowered cymules, about ‘d in. long, along
the branches; bracts linear-lanceolate, -1 to ‘2 in. long, persistent;
pedicels 0 or very short; flowers light blue with brown markings.
Calyx pink, shortly urceolate, tawny-pubescent, ‘1 to -15 in. long;
teeth short, acute, in fruit slightly enlarged and recurved. Corolla-tube
campanulate, ‘25 in. long, pubescent without, villous within around the
point of insertion of the stamens and up to the midlobe of the lower
lip; upper lip of 2 ovate acute lobes -1 in. long, the lobes reflexed ;
lower lip of 3 lobes, side lobes oblong, rounded, 15 in. long, reflexed ;
midlobe broad, obtuse, °2 in. long, all puberulous. Stamens exsert ;
filaments flattened at base, villous hairy; anther-cells ellipsoid, rather
short, slightly divaricate. Ovary rounded, depressed, villous at top,
glabrous below ; style slender, slightly longer than the stamens; stigma
shortly 2-forked. Drupe ovoid-conoidal, smooth, longitudinally ribbed,
15 in. long by 1 to 1:25 in. broad; pericarp very thick; pyrene with
rather soft shell. Seed 1; testa membranous; cotyledons orbicular,
flat.

PERAK: at Simpang, Wray 2029, 2254, 2305 ; in dense jungle on low
wet ground near Larut, King’s Collector 2064, 6187, 6874, 8299.

This must be a splendid tree and worthy of cultivation for ornamental purposes. |
The large fruit, resembling that of the walnut, and the broad wings to the leaf-petioles
are very characteristic.

12. Virrx cuaprata, Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. 512 (1810). A large
tree; branchlets pale brown, obscurely quadrangular; innovations

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 853

fulvous-tomentose. Leaves chartaceous; digitately 3- to 5-foliolate,
the lowest pair rather smaller than the others, the middle leaflet
slightly larger; leaflets entire, petiolulate, obovate elliptic or elliptic-oblan-
ceolate, acuminate at apex often obtusely, attenuate or cuneate at base ;
both surfaces grey-pubescent when young, afterwards glabrate or with
scattered appressed hairs and a few glands beneath, the nerves beneath
pubescent and with tufts of hair in the axils; 2 to 6 in. long, 1°5 to
2-5 in. broad; midrib slender, impressed above, raised beneath ; main
nerves 10 to 20 pairs, regular, slender, the uppermost ones obscure,
slightly curved to the margin; transverse nervules and reticulations
obscure; petiole 3 to 6 in. long, angular, channelled above; end ~
petiolules -75 to 1 in. long, rest ‘25 to ‘5 in. long, angled and channelled.
Cymes axillary, corymbose, peduncled, puberulous, reaching 4 to 5 in.
in length and 2 to 3 in. in diam.; peduncles slender, angular, up to
2 in. long; branches markedly dichotomous, spreading; bracts linear,
pubescent, caducous; pedicels slender, 0 to ‘1 in. long; flowers white,
the lip blue-purple. Calyx campanulate, ‘05 to -1 in. long, pubescent
without, enlarged in fruit; teeth 5, very short, acute. Corolla-tube
broadiy cylindric, -2 in. long, pubescent without, glabrous within
except a ring of villous hairs at the insertion of the stamens, the
hairs extending up the midlobe of the lower lip; upper lip with 2
obtuse recurved lobes -15 in. long; lower lip 3-lobed, the side lobes
recurved, -15 in. long, the midlobe spreading, :25 in. long, densely
villous. Stamens much exsert; filaments villous; anther-cells short,
ellipsoid, divaricate. Ovary globose, pubescent at top; style slender,
as long as stamens; stigma spreading. Drupe ovoid or obovoid, succu-
lent, -3 to ‘5 in. in diam., smooth. Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 695;
Benth. Fl. Austral. V. 68; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 588;
Koord. & Val. Bijdr. VII. 208; Prain Beng. Plants 833. V. Cunning-
ham, Schauer l.c. 691. V. leucoxylon, Schauer l.c. 692 wm part;
Kurz For. Fl. II. 273; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 864, not of Linn. f. V.
bombacifolia, Wall. Cat. 1749; Walp. Rep. IV. 86. V. pallzda, Wall.
Cat. 1751.

KEDAH: in dense jungle near sea-level, Kunstler 1763. PENANG:
~ Curtis 1071.—Distris. India (Assam to Chittagong), Burma, Java,
Siam, Cochin China, North Australia and Queensland.

13. VITEX LONGISEPALA, King & Gamble in Kew Bull. 112 (1908).
A small or moderate-sized tree; branchlets rather stout, obscurely
quadrangular, softly tawny-pubescent as are the innovations. Leaves
membranous; trifoliolate, the middle leaflet largest and petiolulate, the
side ones subsessile; leaflets ovate or elliptic-ovate, abruptly caudate-
acuminate at apex, the middle leaflet acuminate or cuneate at base, the

854 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

side ones cordate or rounded or acute and unequal; the upper surface
sparsely hispid and gland-dotted, the lower tawny-pubescent, villous
on the nerves and gland-dotted; margins entire; 4 to 12 in. long,
2 to 6 in. broad; midrib stout ; main nerves 8 to 15 pairs, curving out-
wards to and along the margin and joined by many transverse nervules
and reticulations ; petiole 2 to 6 in. long, densely tawny-pubescent ;
petiolule of middle leaflet -25 to 2 in. long, of side leaflets none or under
‘O in. long: Cymes axillary, opposite, tawny-pubescent, 1 to 2°5 in.
long; main peduncles usually 2, vertically arranged, 1 to 1:5 in. long ;
branches 2- to 3-chotomous, spreading, corymbose; bracts conspicuous,
narrowly lanceolate, -25 to -75 in. long, persistent; pedicels about 1 in.
long; flowers primrose-yellow. Calyx villous, with golden brown
hairs; tube campanulate, -1 in. long; lobes 5 subequal, oblong-lanceo-
late, ‘25 im. long, conspicuous. Corolla-tube slender, funnel-shaped,
‘4 to ‘5 in. long, prominently dotted with yellow glands ; 2-lipped with
a scanty ring of hairs within at the insertion of the stamens, ‘15 in.
above the base of; upper lip shortly 2-lobed, the lobes rounded; lower
lip 3-lobed, side lobes reflexed, middle lobe narrowed below, broadened
above and fimbriate, twice as long as side lobes. Stamens exsert:
filaments glabrous, slender; anther-cells elongate, narrow, parallel.
Ovary conoidal on a cylindric base, the top densely yellow-glandular ;
style slender ; stigma bifid. Drupe ovoid, black, smooth, gland-dotted,
‘3 in. long; pyrene hard, reticulately ridged, with 3 to 4 fertile cellsnear
the top and a large cavity below. Seeds obovoid, slightly flattened,
‘075 in. long; testa thin.

Penance: at Batu Kawan, Curtis 395. Prrax: at Bujong Malacca,
Ridley 9723 ; at Tapa, Wray 1319; at Waterloo, Curtis; Scortechine
100, 113, 340; in open jungle, Goping, King’s Collector 460. SELANGOR :
Ridley 7595 ; at Rawang, Goodenough 10488.

This species is very near indeed to V. vestita, but differs in the much larger
leaves and the prominent large bracts and calyx-lobes.

14. Virex vestitTA, Wall. Cat. 1750 (1828). A moderate-sized tree ;
branchlets rather slender, obscurely quadrangular, softly grey-tawny-
pubescent as are innovations. Leaves membranous; trifoliolate, all
three leaflets petioluled, the mid-leaflet much the largest; leaflets
elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, long-acuminate at apex, the middle leaflet
equally acuminate at base, the side ones rounded or acute with more
or less unequal sides; the upper surface sparsely hispid and gland-
dotted, the lower softly tawny-pubescent, villous on the nerves, also
yellow-gland-dotted; margins entire; 3 to 7 in. long, 1:5 to 4 iu.
broad; midrib stout; main nerves 8 to 10 pairs, curving upwards to

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 855

and along the margin and joined by prominent rather irregular nervules
and reticulations; petiole usually slender, 2 to 3 in. long, petiolule of
middle leaflet 1 to 1:5 in. long, of side leaflets -25 to -5in. long. Cymes
axillary, opposite, sessile, tawny-pubescent, 1 to 1-5 in. long, 2- to 3-cho-
tomous; main peduncles usually 2, sometimes more, one above the
other vertically, -25 to ‘5 in. long; branches 2- to 3-chotomous, corym-
bose, spreading; bracts minute, linear, caducous; pedicels slender,
0 to -1 in. long; flowers yellow (Kunstler). Calyx campanulate,
densely pubescent and gland-dotted without, -1 to ‘15 in. long, sub-
truncate or 2-lipped, enlarged and saucer-shaped in fruit ; lobes acute,
short. Corolla-tube slender, 2-lipped, narrow, cylindric, -4 to ‘d in.
long, glabrate without and with large yellow glands, glabrous within
except for a villous ring about ‘1 in. above the base and as far below
the insertion of the stamens; upper lip shortly 2-lobed, lower 3-lobed,
the midlobe slender, hardly longer than the others. Stamens included;
filaments glabrous; anther-cells elongate, narrow, curved downwards,
each ending in an oblong empty appendage about half as long as the
cell. Ovary densely covered with yellow glands, oblong, obtuse; style
slender. Drupe oblong, ‘3 to -4 in. long and -25 in. broad, sparsely
gland-dotted ; pyrene hard, reticulately ridged, with 3 to 4 fertile cells
near the top and a large empty cavity below. Seeds obovoid, flattened,
acute at base, ‘06 in. long; testa thin; cotyledons elliptic, fleshy ;
radicle small. Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 692; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT.
864; Kurz For. Fl. Il. 272; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 587.
V. Finlaysoniana, Wall. Cat. 6314.

Penane: Wallich 17508, G. King; at Penara Bukit, Curtis 265.
PerRAK: on Maxwell's Hill, Wray 699; Kunstler 176. Seuancor: at Bukit
Kutu, Goodenough 10547. Matacca: Griffith (K.D.) 6063; Cuming
2351; Derry 656, 899. JoHorRE: at Jaffaria, G. King. SINGAPORE:
at Sungei Jeeroo, Ridley 3867; at Chenchukang, Goodenough 2792.—
Distris. _Burma, Wallich 17504; Sumatra, Borneo.

15. ViTExX GAMOSEPALA, Griff. Notul. 1V. 178, and Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 448,
fig. 2 (1854). A slender moderate-sized tree; branchlets dark brown,
prominently lenticellate, innovations fulvous-hairy. Leaves charta-
‘ceous ; trifoliolate, all three leaflets petiolulate, the mid-leaflet some-
what the largest; leaflets entire, ovate or lanceolate, long-acuminate at
apex, the side leaflets acute and slightly unequal at base, the mid-
leaflet acuminate ; both surfaces glabrate except on the nerves beneath,
the lower glandular, brown when dry, the upper olivaceous ; 3 to 7 in.
long, 1:5 to 25 in. broad; midrib stout, raised beneath ; main nerves
5 to 7 pairs, curving acutely upwards to and along the margin where
they meet, joined by an irregular network of nervules, prominently

856 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

raised beneath when dry; petiole slender, terete, 2 to 4 in. long;
petiolule of mid-leaflet ‘75 to 1 in. long, of side leaflets -25 in. long.
Cymes axillary, sessile, corymbose, sparingly fulvous-hairy, 2-chotomous
below, 3-chotomous above, reaching 1°d in. long or more; bracts short,
linear, caducous; pedicels slender, 0 to -1 in. long; flowers pale yellow.
Calyx 2-lipped; tube ovoid, ‘1 in. long, densely glandular without as
are the lobes; upper lip entire, oblong, -275 in. long; lower lip 2-lobed,
‘075 in. long, the lobes rounded; in fruit split on one side to the base
and enlarged to a beaked shallow cup. Corolla funnel-shaped; tube
‘35 in. long, with a ring of hairs within near the base; upper lip entire
or shortly 2-lobed, lower 3-lobed, the middle lobe :125 in. long, 2-fid,
the side lobes -06 to ‘1 in. long; tube and lobes, except the ends of the
middle lobe of the lower lip which are usually incurved, all covered
with prominent large shining yellow glands. Stamens exsert; anthers
sparsely pilose near the base ; cells elongate, parallel, each with a short
empty beak. Ovary conical, densely glandular; style slender, glabrous;
stigma shortly 2-lobed. Drupe obovoid, black, slightly glandular,
fleshy, ‘3 in. long, ‘25 in. in diam.; pyrene very hard, reticulately ridged,
hollow at the base, the 3 to 4 cells near the top bearing seeds. Seeds
oblong, beaked below, ‘05 in. long; testa thin; cotyledons fleshy,
convex, elliptic; radicle minute. Benth. in Gen. Pl. II. 1154; Clarke
in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 588.

Perak: at Lartt, Scortechins 445, 1480; in dense forest near Lartt,
at 500 to 1000 ft. alt., Aunstler (King’s Collector) 1841. SELANGOR:
at Kwala Lumpur and on Pahang road, Ridley 8546, 10218, 10479 ;
Curtis 2366. Manacca: at Chin Rhingull, Griffith (K.D.) 6065;
Maingay (K.D.) 1202. Srneapore: at Changi, Ardley 2788.

As pointed out by Clarke, this species in its inflorescence and corolla, and, it may
be added, in its fruit, shows a great affinity to V. vestita. But the calyx distinguishes
it at once, and the leaves differ a good deal. Griffith’s fig. represents the anthers only.

Var. Scortechini, King & Gamble. Cymes shorter and few-flowered.
Calyx much shorter, the upper lip only -075 in. long, the lower -025 in.
with more acute lobes. Corolla similar, but middle lobe of lower lip
entire and yellow glands much fewer and less prominent.

Perak: Scortechint; at Bujong Malacca, Ridley 9725; at Tapa
Batang Padang, Wray 180; at lower camp, Gunong Batu Pateh, 3400 ft.,
Wray 992, 1080. Nereri SempinaAn: at Seremban, Azdley 10096.—
Distris. Sumatra (Forbes 3060).

Var. Kunstlert, King & Gamble. Leaflets ovate, acuminate at apex
and base, 2 to 3 in. long, 1 to 1°5 in. broad; petiole 1 to 2 in. long;
petiolule of end leaflet -5 in., of side leaflets -25 in. long. Calyx 2-lipped ;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 857

short, -1 in. long; upper lip -075 in. long, acute or rounded, often
2-lobed ; lower lip acutely 2-lobed, the lobes -05 in. long. Corolla-tube
slender, -45 in. long, very glandular; upper lip shortly 2-lobed; lower
lip 3-lobed, side lobes short, narrow, midlobe longer, obtuse. <Anther-
cells with a short rounded beak. Otherwise as in type.

Perak: at Ulu Bubong, in open jungle at 400 to 600 ft., King’s
Collector 10605. Trinecanu: at Bunda, Rostado (Herb. Ridley 11982).
—Distris. Sumatra (Forbes 2685).

This is a well-marked variety, but is not quite deserving of specific rank.

Tribe III. CaAaryvorrTERIDE.
11. Peronema, Jack.

A small tree; branchlets grey-tomentose. Leaves opposite, impari-
‘pinnate ; leaflets sub-opposite, in several pairs, entire. Inflorescence of

large compound, spreading, terminal, trichotomous panicles of corym-
bose cymes ; flowers very small; bracts small, setaceous. Calyx cam-
panulate, 5-partite, not accrescent. Corolla-tube short; limb 2-lipped,
5-lobed, the midlobe of the lower lip longer than the rest. Stamens 2,
involute in bud, exsert; anthers broadly ovate-reniform with parallel
cells. Ovary 4-celled, the cells 1-ovuled; style filiform; stigma entire
or bifid; ovules attached laterally near the top of the placenta. Fruzt
a small globose capsule of 4 crustaceous valves, the valves separating
from the base together with the adjoining portions of the central
placenta. Seeds attached centrally near their top, pendulous, exal-
buminous ; testa thin, as are the cotyledons; radicle minute—DIstTRIB.
One species, Malayan.

PERONEMA CANESCENS, Jack in Mal. Misc. II. No. 7, 46 (1822). A
small tree; bark grey; branchlets stout, grey, obtusely quadrangular ;
pith quadrangular. Leaves chartaceous, reaching 1 to 2 ft. in length ;
pinnules 7 to 9 pairs, the upper pairs usually opposite, the lower sub-
opposite or nearly alternate; the rachis winged, the wings narrow, from
‘05 to -25 in. broad; petiole 2 to 7 in. long; leaflets sessile, lanceolate,
acuminate at apex, cuneate at base, gradually increasing in size up-
wards, from 1 in. by ‘5 in. at the base to as much as 9 in. by 2°5 in. at
the tip; upper surface glabrous, lower puberulous, tawny-canescent ;
margins entire or serrate ; midrib prominent ; main nerves 20 to 30
pairs, regular, straight, joined by loops near the margin; reticulations
netted. Panicle reaching 12 in. in length and about 20 in. in breadth,
tawny-puberulous; peduncle stout; rachis quadrangular; lower
branches opposite, long- (4 to 5 in.) peduncled, ending, as the upper
ones, in corymbose, many-flowered cymes; bracts scarcely -2 in. long,

9

858 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

bracteoles very small, numerous; pedicels slender, very short; buds
globose; flowers white. Calyx lin. long; lobes acute, glabrous within.
Corolla glabrous within, pubescent without ; lower midlobe -15 in. long,
the rest 1 in. Stamens deflexed ; filaments thickened towards the base.
Ovary villous, as is the base of the style. Capsule densely tawny-
pubescent, ‘125 in. broad, -1 in. long. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. I. 152;
Wall. Cat. 9075; Schauer in DO. Prodr. XI. 627; Wight Ic. t. 1460;
Griff. Notul. IV. 177; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 909; Clarke in Hook. f. FI.
Br. Ind. IV. 599; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. VII. 214. P. heterophyllum,
Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 570.

Penance: Racecourse, Curtis 2427. Prrax: at Tjuk, Scortechina
1160. Manacca: Griffith (K.D.) 6015. Panane: Frdley 2247.
SINGAPORE: at Bukit Mandai, Ridley 3993.—Distris. Sumatra (Teys-
mann, Forbes 2655), Java, Borneo (Motley 870).

12. PETRMOVITEX, Oliver.

Shrubs, usually climbing. Leaves opposite, simple or 3-foliolate or
bipinnate, petiolate. Inflorescence of terminal or axillary paniculate
cymes with puberulous spreading branches; bracts subulate; flowers
very small, shortly pedicellate. Calyx short, campanulate, much accres-
cent after flowering, the tube then long, and the lobes converted into
oblanceolate scarious reticulate wings. Corolla oblique, 2-lipped; the
lobes obtuse, incurved at the tip. Stamens 4, subequal or didynamous ;
exsert or included; anthers oblong; cells parallel. Ovary obovoid,
imperfectly 2-celled, cells 2-ovuled; ovules pendulous; style slender ;
stigma bifid. Prwt capsular, oblong or wedge-shaped; exocarp thin.
Seeds 2 (or 1 by suppression), attached to the central placenta ; testa
membranous ; albumen none; cotyledons oblong or obovate, emarginate,
fleshy ; radicle thick, inferior.—Distris. About 3 species, native of the
Malay Peninsula and Archipelago.

Tawny-pubescent ; leaves 3-foliolate, leaflets under 3 in. long;
capsule prominently ribbed .. ifs ye

Glabrous or very slightly puberulous; leaves 1 to 3-foliolate,
leaflets over 3 in. long; capsule not ribbed 5¢ .. 2. P. bambusetorum.

. L. P. Scortechinit.

1. PeTR#oviTEX ScorTEcHINu, King & Gamble in Kew Bull. 113
(1908). A shrub, perhap sclimbing; branchlets pale brown, somewhat

angular, puberulous; innovations tawny-pubescent. Leaves opposite,

membranous, trifoliolate; end leaflet ovate, shortly and obtusely acute
at apex, rounded or slightly cuneate at base; 2 to 3 in. long, 1 to 2 in.
broad; upper surface minutely pubescent, lower grey-pubescent ; margins
entire or undulate, main nerves 4 pairs, curving sharply upwards; side

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 859

leaflets similar but rather smaller and usually somewhat unequally cor-
date at base; petiole 1:5 to 2 in. long; petiolule of end leaflet 5 to :75
in. long, of side leaflets -25 in. long, all pubescent. Cymes in axillary,
tawny-pubescent, 3- or 2-branching panicles up to 6 in. long, the upper-
most very short and few-flowered; bracts leafy, nearly orbicular, ‘5 to
‘75 in. in diam., pale; pedicels short. Calyx deeply-cleft, tawny-pubes-
cent; lobes 5 or 4, oblong or spathulate, :25 in. long ; fruiting calyx much
enlarged ; the tube 25 in. long, enclosing the fruit; the 5 or 4 lobes
expanded into elliptic oblong shining scarious lobes -75 to 1 in. long,
having 3 to 5 longitudinal nerves and prominent netted reticulation.
Corolla very small (buds only available), 2-lipped; lobes spathulate,
concave, ‘1 to 15 in. long. Stamens 4 exsert, 2 lower longer than the
2 upper; filaments short; anther-cells of upper pair parallel, of lower
slightly divaricate. Ovary cylindric, villous, obtuse at top, 2-celled ;
style short; stigma 2-lobed, the lobes spreading. H7rwt capsular,
oblong or wedge-shaped, obtuse and pubescent at tip, -2 to -25 in. long;
exocarp chartaceous, striate. Seeds 2 (or 1 by suppression); cotyledons
obovate, obliquely obtuse, emarginate, 15 in. long, -1 in. broad.

PrerAk: Scortechina'753 (or 1753 ?).

2. PHETRHOVITEX BAMBUSETORUM, King & Gamble in Kew Bull. 113
(1908). A creeper reaching 80 to 50 ft. long and 2 to 3 in. in diam.
(King’s Collector); branches smooth, pale brown. Leaves opposite,
chartaceous, 1- or 3-foliolate; leaflets ovate, acuminate at apex, rounded
or slightly cuneate at base; 3 to 4 in. long, 1:5 to 2:5 in. broad; both
surfaces glabrous ; margins entire; main nerves about 8 pairs, straight
to join a looped intramarginal nerve rather far from the edge; reticu-
lations netted, raised, prominent beneath; petiole 1 to 2 in. long; petio-
lules -25 to ‘5 in. long, slender, the end one slightly the longest. Cymes
in sessile or peduncled, thyrsoid, axillary, glabrous or puberulous
panicles reaching 4 to d in. long and about 3 in. broad ; rachis angular,
very slender as are the branches and pedicels; bracts leafy, lanceolate,
long-acuminate; bracteoles minute, setaceous; pedicels very short;
buds ovoid. Calyx in bud very small, scarcely -05 in. long, with
triangular acute teeth ; gradually enlarging later until in fruit it has a
tube -25 to -35 in. long and strongly ribbed, with oblong-spathulate,
membranous, shining lobes ‘4 to ‘5 in. long and ‘1 to ‘15 in. broad;
the lobes prominently 3-nerved and reticulate. Corolla very small
(buds only available), 2-lipped, the upper lip slightly 2-lobed, the lower
deeply 3-lobed, all very small and glabrous. Stamens 4, subequal ; fila-
ments stout ; anthers oblong with parallel cells. Ovary rounded; style
short; stigma 2-lobed. Fruit capsular, wedge-shaped, slightly convex
above, °3 in. long; exocarp thin pubescent, not ribbed. Seeds 2 (or 1

860 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

by suppression) ; testa membranous ; cotyledons obovate, truncate and
slightly emarginate.

PrErRAK: in dense bamboo forests, at 500 to 700 ft., near Ula Kerling,
King’s Collector 8765.—Distris. Borneo (Haviland 1913 ; Ridley 9065).

The Perak specimens are rather poor ones, with flowers in bud and very
young fruit, and they have 3-foliolate leaves, while the Borneo specimen is unifolio-
late and in fruit; so that it 1s not quite certain that they belong to the same species,
but after very careful examination we believe that they do, as the leaflets are identical
and so are the nerves of the fruiting calyx.

The genus Petr@oviter was founded by Prof. D. Oliver on P. Riedelii, Oliv., in
Hook. f. Ie. Pl. V. 15. t. 1420 (1883), a plant sent from the Island of Buru by Mr.
Riedel, and remarkable for its bipinnate leaves.

Tribe IV. SymPHOREMEZ.

13. SPHENODESME, Jack.

Climbing shrubs. Leaves opposite, entire. Inflorescence of capi-
tate, 3- or 7-flowered, centrifugal cymes enclosed in an involucre of
6 foliaceous accrescent bracts, the cymes in pairs on the branches of
large terminal or axillary, leafy, thyrsoid panicles. Calyx ovoid-campanu-
late, usually enlarging after flowering; lobes of 5 rather short teeth.
Corolla sub-regular ; tube short, cylindric; lobes 5d, rarely 6, subequal,
imbricate in bud. Stamens 5, inserted in the tube of the corolla below
the throat, included or exsert; anthers small, oblong or reniform, the
cells parallel or divergent. Ovary 2-celled, the cells 2-ovuled; ovules
pendulous from the apex of the placentiferous axis; style filiform, short
or long; stigma 2-lobed. Drwpe globose or obovoid, included in the
calyx, 1-seeded or rarely 2-seeded; exocarp leathery. Seed globose,
entirely filling the cavity or its lower part; the placentas included
within the cotyledons; testa membranous; cotyledons thick, very
fleshy; radicle very small, inferior—Distris. About 10 species, in
India, Malaya and the Malay Archipelago.

Corolla-lobes long, narrow; style very short ; anthers included in
the corolla-tube (Sect. 1. Bracuynema, Griff.) +- 1. S. ferruginea.
Corolla-lobes ovate or oblong, broad; style long, exsert; aes
exsert (Sect. 2. EuspHenopEsma, C. B. Clarke) :—
Flower-heads 3-flowered, the 6 bracts small in flower, enlarged in
fruit; branchlets and leaves glabrous or nearly so .. 2. S. triflora.
Flower-heads 7-flowered, the 6 bracts enlarged both at dower:
time and in fruit :—
Branchlets, leaves and inflorescence rufous-hirsute; ree
very hirsute .. : : . 3. S. barbata.
Branchlets, leaves and Tprenconee cperealn pabesgee or
glabrate ; calyx nearly glabrous Se Ee .. -4. S. pentandra.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 861

1. SPHENODESME FERRUGINEA, Briquet in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzen-
fam. IV. 3a, 181 (1894). A shrub, probably climbing; branchlets and
inflorescence rusty stellate-tomentose ; branchlets obscurely quadrangu-
lar. Leaves chartaceous ; ovate or elliptic, acute at apex, cuneate or
obtuse at base ; sparsely hispid-pubescent on the upper surface, especi-
ally on the nerves, softly ferruginous-tomentose on the lower; 3 to
5d in. long, 2 to 3-5 in. broad ; midrib stout ; main nerves 5 to 6 pairs, the
lowest pair from close to the base, the next about -2 in. above it, both
nearly straight to the margin and then along it, the rest curved to meet
in a looped intramarginal nerve; transverse nervules irregular; petiole
stout, 25 in. to ‘dO in. long. Pamncles axillary or terminal, spreading,
leafy, densely covered with tawny-yellow tomentum, the whole forming
a thyrsus 12 in. or more in length and about as broad; peduncles 2 to
3 in. long, 3- or 5-chotomous, the two lower branchlets short-peduncled
with each a pair of capitate heads, the two upper long-peduncled and
again branching; heads 7-flowered supported by 6 spathulate bracts
‘75 in. long and 25 in. broad; buds obovoid; flowers sessile. Calyx
tubular, densely stellate-tomentose without, whitish-villous within,
‘25 in. long, 2-lipped, the lips variably lobed, usually the upper 2-lobed
rather deeply cleft, the lower very minutely 3-toothed. Corolla-tube
funnel-shaped, slightly curved, °3 in. long, tomentose without, densely
villous within ; lobes 5, 6 or 7, ‘2 in. long, linear or ligulate, twisted.
Stamens included, inserted low down on the corolla-tube, usually some-
what irregularly but generally in 2 to 3 rows, if 3 rows and 7 stamens
the upper row 3, the middle 2, the lower 2, these latter close to the base ;
filaments slender, glabrous, about :1 in. long; anthers reniform. Ovary
columnar, glabrous; style extremely short; stigma very shortly bifid.
Frat not known. S. microstylis, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IY.
600. Brachynema ferruginea, Griff. Notul. IV. 176.

StamesE States: Pungah, abundant! Curtis 2963; Tongka, fide
Curtis ——Distrip. Burma (Moulmein & Mergui, Griffith (K.D.) 6007,
in part; Tavoy, Parish), Siam (Murton 62).

The curious arrangement of the stamens inside the corolla-tube and the very short
-style are such well-marked characters that it would almost seem advisable to reconsti-
tute the genus Brachynema, or else to bring together into one genus of 4 sections
Sphenodesme with Symphorema and Congea. We are inclined to consider the latter the
best course, but it should be done in discussing a Monograph of the Tribe rather than
the few species found in a limited area.

2. SPHENODESME TRIFLORA, Wight Ic. t. 1478 (1850). A climbing
(sometimes erect, Kwnstler) shrub; branchlets dark brown, terete,
rough with many small lenticels, a slight ring at the nodes. Leaves

862 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

chartaceous; lanceolate, bluntly acuminate at apex, cuneate at base;
glabrous on both surfaces or the younger ones slightly velutinous ; 3 to
5 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad; midrib prominent beneath; main nerves
5 to 6 pairs, the lowest pair very inconspicuous, close to the margin,
the next at about ‘25 in. from the base and 40° with the midrib, curving
up to and along the margin, but not meeting the remaining 3 to 4 which
curve at about 50° and meet in intramarginal loops; transverse nervules
arched; reticulations netted; petiole -25 to ‘5 in. long, curved. Panicles
very long, grey-pubescent, the lower branches leafy with ordinary
leaves, the upper ones with gradually smaller leaves becoming bract-
like; the branches very long, up to 2 ft., slender, scarcely 1 in. broad,
bearing distant opposite pairs of 3-flowered capitate cymules each
supported by a pair of reduced leaves and furnished with 6 spathulate
bracts usually longer than the flowers and enlarging in fruit; flowers
sessile, the corollas dark purple, the calyx and bracts dull red. Calyx
tubular, 10-nerved, velutinous-pubescent without, densely villous with-
in, ‘1 to ‘15 in. long; lobes 5, triangular, short. Corolla puberulous ;
tube cylindric, with a ring of hairs near the mouth within, 26 in. long ;
lobes 5, subequal, rounded. Stamens shortly exsert; filaments slender ;
anthers reniform, the cells somewhat divergent. Ovary pyriform, gla-
brous; style slender. Drwpe ovoid or obovoid, sometimes constricted
above, included in the enlarged prominently ribbed calyx, and supported
by the 6 oblong-spathulate glabrescent enlarged bracts, which reach
‘d) to ‘75 in. long and ‘15 to ‘3 in. broad, and have 3 prominent nerves
joined by transverse nervules; exocarp leathery. Seed 1, globose,
completely filling the lower part of the cavity of the drupe, the upper
part empty; cotyledons -1 in. in diam., including between them the
remains of the placenta. Griff. Notul. IV. 182; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.
II. 910; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 61. Congea Jackiana,
Wall. Cat. 1735, partly.

PrenanG: at Ayer Etam, 1000 ft., Curtzs 210. Prrax: at Tapa and
Jenah, Wray 683, 1383, 1752; at Gunting Bidai, Ridley 7598; at
Salam, Scortechimi 1119; in open jungle up to 500 ft., Kunstler (King’s
Collector) 160, 1098, 1623, 2474. Srnancor: Semangko Pass, Ridley
12086, 12088. Manacca: Griffith (K.D.) 6009,1; Maingay (K.D.)
1196; at Sungei Udang, Derry 585. JoHorE: at Bukit Kayara, Ridley
11347. Srncarpore: Kampar jungles, Deschamps.—DistRis. Sumatra
(Forbes, 3083).

3. SPHENODESME BARBATA, Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 623 (1847). A
climbing shrub ; branches dark brown, rough, lenticellate; innovations,
branchlets and inflorescence patently rufous-hirsute. Leaves charta-
ceous: elliptic or elliptic-oblong or elliptic-lanceolate, suddenly and

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 863

obtusely acuminate at apex, also mucronate, acute or somewhat rounded
at base; sparsely tawny-villous on both surfaces when young, glabres-
cent when old except on the nerves ; 2 to 4 in. long, 1 to 15 in. broad ;
midrib conspicuous, ending in the mucro; main nerves 5 to 6 pairs,
the lowest pair almost from the base, the next a little higher up, the
rest more distant, curving to join in an intramarginal nerve; trans-
verse nervules few but prominent; petiole -2 to 3 in. long, twisted.
Pamcles in terminal racemes of heads or in single or few pedunculate
axillary pairs of heads; the heads 7-flowered, each with 6 spathulate
bracts reaching °75 in. long and :25 in. broad and prominently nerved ;
peduncles ‘5 to 1:5 in. long, very slender; flowers sessile, corolla blue.
Calyx campanulate, -15 to ‘2 in. long, densely long-rufous-hirsute with-
out; lobes 5, short, triangular, each with often 1 or 2 subsidiary shaggy
teeth. Corolla-tube cylindric, :1 in. long, glabrous below, villous in a
ring at the throat within; lobes subequal, -125 in. long, oblong-
spathulate, pubescent without. Stamens inserted in the throat of the
corolla-tube, exsert ; filaments slender, glabrous; anthers oblong, cells
parallel. Ovary rounded, densely villous; style slender, as long as
stamens; stigmatic lobes 2, very short. Drwpe small, globose or ob-
ovoid, included in the enlarged calyx, ferruginous-villous; exocarp
erustaceous. Seed 1, globose, completely filling the cavity of the
drupe; testa very thin; cotyledons thick, ‘05 to -1 in. in diam.
Wight Ic. 1474 (ferruginea, R.W. in fig. 7); Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT.
910; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 601. Congea barbata, Wall.
Cat. 1738.
Penang: Wallich 1738; at Tulloh Bahang, Curtis; Phillips.
Mauacca: Griffith (K.D.) 6009,2; Maingay (K.D.) 1194; Hervey.
4, SPHENODESME PENTANDRA, Jack in Mal. Misc. I. 19 (1820), and
in Hook. Bot. Mise. I. 285 (1830). A climbing shrub; branchlets
obscurely quadrangular, lenticellate, pubescent, dark brown. Leaves sub-
coriaceous ; elliptic-oblong, -ovate, or -lanceolate, bluntly acute or acu-
minate often mucronate at apex, rounded at base ; both surfaces glabrous
when old, the upper shining, the lower pubescent when young; the
nerves beneath generally pubescent; 2 to 7 in. long, 1 to 2°5 in. broad ;
-midribstout ; main nerves 7 to 8 pairs, the lowest very thin and close to the
margin, the next a little above, curving to and along the margin almost to
the tip, the rest more distant, curving to meet in a prominent looped intra-
marginal nerve; transverse nervules many, nearly at right angles to the
midrib; reticulations netted, prominent ; petiole -25 to ‘5 in. long, pubes-
cent, channelled, curved. Panicles axillary and terminal, many-flowered,
somewhat puberulous, often racemose, leafy and reaching 6 to 15 in. in
length ; the capitate heads in opposite pairs on slender ‘5 to -75 in,

864 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

long peduncles; flowers in each head 7, supported by 6 oblong-spathu-
late, obtuse, nearly glabrous, bracts -75 to 1:25 in. long, -25 to °35 in.
broad, and with about 6 prominent nerves and reticulations; flowers
blue or purple with a yellowish calyx and pale yellow bracts. Calyx
campanulate or funnel-shaped, usually prominently 10-ribbed, nearly
glabrous, °25 in. long; when young with 5 short lobes and a mucro in
the angles between them, when old with 5 prominent acuminate aris-
tate lobes, and 5 aristate teeth in the axils; reticulately nerved in the
upper half. Corolla tubular, the tube :2 in. long, densely villous within
in the upper half, glabrous in the lower; lobes leathery, rounded, -05
to ‘1 in. long, obscurely in 2 lips, the midlobe of the lower lip recurved,
the rest spreading. Stamens 5, inserted a little below the mouth of the
corolla-tube, long-exserted ; filaments slender ; anthers oblong, the cells
parallel. Ovary densely tawny-villous; style very long, slender ; stig-
matic lobes 2, spreading. Drwpe the size of a pea, globular (Kozb.).
Seed 1, conform to the drupe; cotyledons unequal. Wight Ic.
t. 1475 (S. Wallichiana, Schauer in letterpress); Griff. Notul. IV.
181; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 602; Briquet in Engl.
& Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam. IV. 34, 181, fig. 67 p,F. S. Wallich-
tana, Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 622. S. Jackiana, Schauer
l.c.; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 299. 8S. acuminata, Wight Ic. t. 1476
(S. Jackiana, Schauer in letterpress). Roscoea pentandra, Roxb. FI.
Ind. IIT. 54. Congea pentandra and Jackiana, Wall. Cat. 1734, 1735.
C. azurea, Wall. Cat. 1733, partly. Symphorema Jackianum, Kurz For.
Fl. IT. 255.

JUNKSEYLON or ToNGKA: Curtis. KepAH: Coah on Langkawi Island,
Curtis 2522; Ridley 8320. Prnana: Wallich 1735,1; Curtis 269.
Province WELLESLEY: at Krian, Ridley 9391. Prrax: Scortechini
519; King’s Collector (Kunstler) 3100, 4532, 7691, 10642. Manacca:
Griffith; Maingay (K.D.) 1195; Cuming 2388; Derry 40. Panane :
. firdley 2160. JoHore: at Bukit Songa, Ridley 11122.—Disrris. India
(Assam, Khasia Hills, Burma), Borneo.

14. ConcEa, Roxb.

Large climbing shrubs, usually tomentose with mixed simple and
stellate hairs. Leaves opposite, entire. Inflorescence of pedunculate,
capitate, 3- to 9-flowered, involucrate cymes in large terminal panicles ;
the bracts at the base of the peduncles leaf-like, often white or coloured ;
the involucres of 3 or 4 elliptic or oblong or spathulate bracts connate
at the base. Calyx tubular, funnel-shaped, slightly accrescent,
5-toothed. Corolla-tube slender, widening upwards, glabrate without,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 865

usually villous within, 2-lipped ; the upper lip of 2 lobes, the lower of
3, those of the upper lip the largest. Stamens 4 didynamous, inserted
in the throat of the corolla, exsert; anthers oblong, the cells parallel.
Ovary imperfectly 2-celled, 4-ovuled; ovules pendulous from the apex
of the central placenta; style filiform, shortly bifid. Drupe small,
obovoid, nearly dry, 1-seeded. Seeds conform to the drupe; testa
membranous; cotyledons fleshy, unequal, enclosing the remains of
part of the placenta; radicle very small, inferior—Drstris. Four
species, of Burma and Malaya.

Clarke in Fl. Br. Ind. says the drupes are 4-seeded, but every specimen we have
examined affords one seed only, accompanied by the remains of the placenta and of
3 abortive ovules.

Tnvolucral bracts reaching 1°5 in. by -75 in., white-tomentose ;

leaves beneath and inflorescence more or less ee aera

and with about 5 to 6 pairs of main nerves ° epee en Cemuestttar
Involucral bracts reaching 1:25 in. by °3 to ‘4 in., pale ine,

tomentose; leaves beneath and inflorescence softly tomentose

and with about 4 pairs of main nerves... se -. 2. C. tomentosa.

1. ConcEa vestiTA, Griff. Notul. TV. 174 and Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 458,
fig. 21 (1854). A large climbing shrub; branchlets patently fulvous-
hirsute, striate. Leaves submembranous ; ovate or elliptic, sharply acute
at apex, obtuse or shortly cordate at base; upper surface scabrous-
pubescent, ferruginous-villous on the nerves, lower villous and grey-
tomentose; 3 to 7 in. long, 1‘5 to 3 in. broad ; midrib slightly impressed
above; main nerves about 5 to 6 pairs, curving upwards to and along
the margin; transverse nervules many, but, like the reticulations,
obscure; petiole -25 to ‘5 in. long, with long tawny hispid hairs.
Pamcles very large; bracts leaf-like, whitened; involucral bracts 4,
very slightly connate at base, elliptic-obovate, often bifid at apex,
reaching 1:5 in. long by ‘78 in. broad, densely white-tomentose, with
prominent reticulations and 3 pairs of main nerves; flowers rose-
coloured. Calyx funnel-shaped, ribbed, 25 to ‘35 in. long, densely
_white-villous without and within; teeth 5, triangular, acuminate.
Corolla-tube slender below, gradually widening upwards, °3 to ‘35 in.
long, glabrous without, also within except a thick villous ring below
the throat ; upper lip of 2 ovate-oblong erect or recurved lobes, lower
of 3 lobes half as long as the upper, the side lobes erect, the third lobe
decurved, all thin, glabrous, with brown nervules. Ovary oblong-
obovoid, glabrous except a few glands at the tip. Drupe nearly dry,
oboyoid. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 603.

866 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Province WELLESLEY: Arakuda woods, Ridley 6993.—DistRIB.
Tenasserim.

2. ConGEA TOMENTOSA, Roxb. Cor. Pl. III. 90. t. 293 (1819). A
iarge climbing shrub; branchlets densely tawny-tomentose. Leaves
coriaceous ; ovate, acute at apex, rounded at base; upper surface gla-
brous except on the nerves, lower tawny-tomentose; 2 to 4 in. long,
1 to 2:5 in. broad; midrib stout; main nerves about 4 pairs, curving
upwards, joined by many regular transverse nervules; petiole tawny-
tomentose, -25 in. long. Panicles terminal, reaching about 6 in. long
and 9 in. broad, 3-chotomous, densely tawny-tomentose ; branches long-
(2 to 2:5 in.) peduncled, racemose, bearing pairs of heads on ‘d in. long
peduncles; bracts leaf-like, caducous; involucral bracts 4 to each head,
pale lilac, ovate or spathulate, slightly emarginate, densely tomentose,
‘75 to 1:25 in. long, 3 to ‘4 in. broad, with 4 to 5 pairs of main
nerves. Calyx funnel-shaped, densely villous especially within, -26 in.
long; teeth 5, -05 to ‘1 in. long, triangular. Corolla-tube slender,
slightly longer than calyx, glabrous except a ring of villous hairs at the
throat within ; 2-lipped, the upper lip long deeply bifid, the lower of
3 short lobes, the midlobe the longest. Stamens long-exsert. Ovary
oboyoid, pyriform, glandular at tip; style very slender; stigmatic lobes
2. Drwpe obovoid, nearly dry ; exocarp crustaceous, smooth. Seed 1,
nearly filling the cavity of the drupe, with 3 abortive ovules; testa
very thin; cotyledons thick, unequal, somewhat emarginate. Wight
Ie. t. 1479,2 or 1565; Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 623; Kurz For.
Fl. II. 256; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 911; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br.
Ind. IV. 603. Roscoea tomentosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 57. Calochlamys
capitata, Presl Bot. Bemerk. 149.

SoutH-West Sram: at Poongah, Curtis 2903, 2962.—DisTRIB.
India (Chittagong), Burma, Siam. Often cultivated.

The involucral bracts of our specimens do not agree very well with those figured in
the ‘Coromandel Plants,’ but they agree better with the authentic specimens. We
have not been able to make quite sure whether our specimens belong to type tomentosa
or to the var. azurea (C. azurea, Wall. Cat. 1733), but we think to the latter.

The following species seems worthy of description here, as possibly also occurring
in the Peninsula. J

Concesa Forpesu, King & Gamble in Kew Bull. 114 (1908). A large climber,
spreading over great forest trees ; branchlets rather slender, hoary-pubescent. Leaves
chartaceous; oblong or oblong-lanceolate, shortly acuminate at apex, rounded and
slightly cordate at base; upper surface shining, glabrous except the puberulous nerves ;
lower surface softly pubescent, reddish-brown when dry; 3 to 5 in. long, 1 to 1°65 in.
broad ; midrib strong, impressed above, as are the 5 to 6 pairs of main nerves which
start at about 30° with the midrib and curve upwards to and along the margin: trans-
verse nervules many, horizontal; reticulations netted; petiole -2 in. long, tawny-
pubescent. Panicles terminal, tawny-pubescent, racemose, reaching abont 12 in. in

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula 867

length and 6 in. in breadth; main branches usually 1 pair only, with slender 1 to 1’d in.
peduncles ; heads in pairs on short (‘2 to °3 in. long) peduncles, the pairs 1 to 2 in
apart along the raceme; bracts leafy, coloured; involucral bracts 4, grey-tomentose,
oblong-spathulate, 1 to 1-5 in. long, -4 in. broad, within them a pair of linear-setaceous
bracteoles about -3 in. long; flowers light purple. Culyx tubular, funnel-shaped,
densely villous on both sides but especially within, :3 in. long; teeth triangular,
075 in. long, acute. Corolla-tube cylindric, slender, -3 in. long, glabrous except the
ring of villous hairs at the mouth within; 2-lipped, the upper lip of 2 lobes longer
than the 3 lobes of the lower, margins of the lobes crenulate. Ovary obovoid, gla-
brous except a few glandular dots at top; style very slender. Drupe obovoid, dry;
exocarp crustaceous, smooth, tipped with the persistent base of the style. Seed 1,
with the remains of the placenta and 3 abortive ovules; testa extremely thin, mem-
branous; cotyledons unequal, one concave, the other convex, fleshy, ‘125 in. in diam.,
the apex depressed ; radicle very small.
Sumatra: in deep forest. Lampongs, Forbes 1567.

Tribe V. AVICENNIEZ.
15. AvicEnNIA, Linn.

Shrubs or small trees with long creeping roots which give out at
intervals narrow, conical, leafless suckers. Leaves coriaceous, opposite,
entire. Flowers small, sessile, in capitate pedunculate heads of close
centripetal cymes which are in pairs in the upper axils or in short
terminal trichotomous thyrsi or corymbs; bracts small, shorter than
the calyx. Calyx short, 5-partite, unaltered in fruit; segments ovate,
concave, deeply imbricate. Corolla-tube short, cylindric; lobes 4, sub-
equal or the posterior lobe slightly the largest. Stamens 4, inserted on
the corolla-throat ; filaments short; anthers shortly exsert; cells ellip-
soid, parallel. Ovary imperfectly 4-celled by a 4-winged central axis ;
ovules 4, pendulous between the axial wings; style tapering; stigma
bifid. Hrwt a compressed capsule, dehiscent by 2 leathery valves.
Seed solitary, erect; embryo imperfectly covered by the 2 integuments ;
albumen none; cotyledons large, longitudinally plicate; the radicle
inferior, thick, villous, the plumule conspicuous, developing before the
seed falls—Distris. Muddy estuaries and sea-coasts of the warmer
regions of the globe; species 4 or 5.

Leaves obtuse at apex; capsule over 1 in. long; corolla-tube distinct ;

stamens exsert; style long Se ac .. Ll. A. officinalis.
Leaves acute or acuminate at apex ; capsule aide 1 in. long; corolla-
tube almost none; stamens included; style very short .. .. 2. A. alba.

1. AVICENNIA OFFICINALIS, Linn. Sp. Pl. 110 (1753). A small tree
_ with greyish-brown thin bark and many blind root-suckers; branchlets
pale brown, subquadrangular, glabrous when old; young ones, young
leaves and inflorescence with very close pale tomentum. Leaves coria-
ceous ; elliptic-oblong or obovate, obtuse at apex, attenuate at base; upper

868 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

surface glabrous, smooth and shining, lower surface pale and with a hard,
very thin, grey or tawny tomentum, at length glabrate; 2 to 4 in. long,
1 to 2 in. broad; midrib stout; very prominent; main nerves 6 to
8 pairs, at first straight, then curving to anastomose near the margin ;
reticulations netted; petiole stout, ‘25 to ‘75 in. long. lowers sessile,
in small heads on rigid angular peduncles either 2 together in upper
axils or several in short terminal thyrsi; bract and 2 bracteoles con-
cave, thick, shorter than the sepals; flowers in each head 3 to 6; corolla
orange-yellow. Calyx-segments thick, :1 to ‘3 in. long, ovate or suborbi-
cular, scarious-ciliate on the margins, the lower part of the back pubes-
cent, the rest glabrous. Corolla-tube very short, cylindric; lobes 4, ovate,

acute or rounded at lip, subequal, -2 in. long, pubescent without, nearly -

glabrous within. Stamens exserted; filaments -1 in. long; anthers
‘05 in. long; cells parallel, ellipsoid. Ovary conoidal, tapering into the
style, together -25 in. long; stigmatic lobes curved. Capsules 1 to
1:5 in. long, ovoid, compressed, beaked, green with greyish tomentum.
Seed 1, completely filling the capsule. Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 700 ;
Bedd. For. Man. in El. Sylv. CLXXIV., and Anal. Gen. t. 22, fig. 2;
Brandis For. Fl. 371; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 363; Clarke in Hook.
f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 604; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 912; Koord. & Val.
Bijdr. VII. 217; Cooke Bomb. FI. II. 435; Prain Beng. Plants 838.
A. resinefera, Forsk.; Dene.in Nouv. Ann. Mus. III. 402. <A. tomen-
tosa, Br. Prodr. Flor. Nov. Holl. I. 518; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ITI. 88; Wall.
Pl. As. Rar. IIT. 44, t. 271; Wight Ic. t. 1481; Blume Bijdr. 821;
Griff. Notul. IV. 185; Kurz For. Fl. II. 276. Halodendron Thowarsi1,
Roem. & Sch. Syst. IIT. 485. “ Mangiwm album,” Rumph. Herb. Amb.
Ill. t. 76. ‘‘ Oepata,” Rheede Hort. Mal. IV. t. 45.

Prenane: Wallich 1742; Curtis 3533. Mauacca: Groffith (K.D.) 6069;
Maingay (K.D.) 1208. Styearore: T. Anderson 79; River valley road,
firdley 10370; Hullett 163.—Distrip. Coasts of India, Ceylon, Burma,
Java, eastwards to the Pacific: in tidal creeks and on muddy coasts.

2. AVICENNIA ALBA, Blume Bijdr. 821 (1826). A shrub or small
tree ; branchlets pale brown, shining, obscurely quadrangular; innova-
tions and inflorescence shortly appressed, whitish- or tawny-tomentose.
Leaves coriaceous ; lanceolate, acute or acuminate at apex, attenuate at
base; glabrous on both surfaces or whitish-tomentose beneath (especi-
ally when young); 2 to d in. long, ‘75 to 2in. broad; midrib prominent ;

main nerves 8 to 10 pairs, curving upwards to anastomose near the ©

margin; secondary nerves few, meeting few arched transverse nervules,
all somewhat raised on the upper surface; petiole thick, -25 to ‘5 in.
long. Flowers sessile, either in small capitate heads or in distichous
spikes in short terminal or axillary panicles; rachises and peduncles

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Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 869

angular; bract and 2 bracteoles concave, thick, shorter than the sepals,
the bract orbicular, ciliate, the bracteoles ovate, ciliate, acute. Calyx-
segments thick, -1 in. long, ciliate, slightly pubescent on the back near
the base, above glabrous and rugose. Corolla-tube very short, some-
times almost none; lobes 4, ovate, concave, acute at tip, the posterior
one sometimes bifid, -1 in. long, glabrous. Stamens included ; filament
‘03 in. long; anthers :02 in. long, oblong; cells parallel. Ovary
columnar, with very short conical villous style, together ‘05 to -1 in.
long; stigmatic lobes 2, erect, thick, minute. Capsules -5 to ‘75 in.
long, obpyriform, gibbous on one side, acute or acuminate; pericarp
green (Kunstler) with greyish tomentum. Seed 1, completely filling
the lower part of the capsule. Wight Ic. t. 1482; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.
HESS) Cooke Bomb, HW 4365 Koord: & Val Bide; VIL, 221;
Prain Beng. Plants 838. A. officinalis, Linn., var. alba, Clarke in Hook.
f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 604. A. resinefera, Griff. Notul. IV. 186, and in
Trans. Linn. Soc. XX. 6, fig. 1. A. intermedia, Griff. l.c. A. officin-
alus, Kurz For. Fl. II. 275.

PROVINCE WELLESLEY: in mangrove swamps, Curtvs. DINDINGS :
Pangkore, Scortechint 963. Matacca: Griffith (K.D.) 6070, 6071;
Maingay (K.D.) 1209. Sinaapore: Kunstler (King’s Collector) 1152.
—Duistris. India, Burma, Java, Borneo, Celebes, to North Australia,
in tidal creeks.

Koorders & Valeton draw attention to the capitate heads shown in Wight’s
drawing, and refuse to quote t. 1482. We have seen Koorders’ Nos. 9696 and 22009
from Java, which have the heads spicate, as do Kunstler’s specimens No. 1152. Havi-
land’s Borneo specimens are partly spicate, partly capitate; Scortechini’s Pangkore
specimens are capitate. But in all the structure of the flowers is the same and agrees
with that given in Wight’s drawing, so there seems no room for even a variety.

870 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

ADDENDA-CORRIGENDA.

Vou. LXXIT. IT. Parr No. 14 (1903).

?

Page 113, line 21, for “inner” read ‘upper’
P. 114, 1. 7, for “ovate” read “‘ obovate”

P. 117, omit the whole of lines 7, 8 and 9.

P. 152, 1. 4 from below, for ‘‘ PERAKENSIS”’ read ‘‘ PERAKENSE ”’
Pages 187, 188, omet the whole of 19, TRisctap1a, Hook. fil.

Vor. LXXIII. II. Parr No. 15 (1904).

P. 51, 1. 23, after “ Wallich.” wmsert ‘PERAK: Wray 2104, 3271;
Scortechint; Fiidley 8374; King’s Collector 5508, 6431, 6545.—DistTRiB.
Andaman Islands; Sumatra; Java, Forbes 2504.”

P. 51, 1. 11 from below, before “ flowers” ansert “‘ greenish-white ”

P. 52, 1. 25, after “ Flowers” insert “ white, sweet-scented,”’

P. 57, at top of page, msert “34. Knoxia, Linn.”

» >» 1. 8 from below, before ‘‘ CantHium” insert “35.”

P. 59,1. 11 from below, for “ Fruit when ripe... glabrous.” read
“ Fruit oblong, obovoid, 1 in. long, yellow, pulpy, acid in taste.”

P. 60, 1. 20, for “ Fruit unknown.” read “ Fruit black when ripe.”

» » 1. 5 from below, after ‘ Fruit” ansert “ orange,”

P. 62, 1. 20, for “my” read “ our”’

P. 64,1. 12, after “ Flowers” insert “rosy-white, nearly 1 in. in diam.,”’

P. 66, 1. 2, after “ bracteolate” ansert ‘‘; flowers green.”

P. 67, 1. 13, after “ Flowers” insert “ white,”

» » 1 7 from below, after “ calyx;” isert ‘flowers white.”
P. 68, 1. 16, after “‘ pubescent” insert “; flowers white.”
», 1. 2 from below, after “bracteoles” insert ‘‘; flowers white.”

P. 69, 1. 18, after “‘ base” insert “‘; flowers white.”

» », Ll. 4 from below, after “‘bracteolate”’ imsert ‘‘; flowers white.”

P. 70, 1. 15, after “‘ linear” insert ‘‘; flowers white.”

P. 73, 1. 3, after “bract”’ mmsert “‘; flowers white.”

* 1. 9 from below, after “ Flowers” insert “red,”
P. 74, 1. 22, after “long” insert “‘; flowers white.”
P. 75, 1. 3, after “ persistent”’ imsert ‘‘; flowers white.”
1. 5 from below, after ‘‘ tube” insert “; flowers scarlet.”’

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 871
haf 8, before “smaller’’ mmsert “‘ white and ”’
ay

8,
9, 1. 6, after “shorter” add :—

1.
ial

‘Mr. Ridley says this variety is I. stenophylla, Ridl. in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser.
2, ili. 311 (1893), at any rate so far as the Pahang plant is concerned; he considers
it a good species.”

P. 79, 1. 5 from below, after ‘‘ minute” imsert ‘‘; flowers orange.”

P. 80, 1. 5, for ‘‘ ScorTEcHINI” read ‘“‘ ScORTECHINIL.”

» », L. 15, after “puberulous” insert “; flowers red.”

» », 1. 12 from below, after “‘ minute’”’ zmsert ‘‘; flowers red, orange
or yellow.”

P. 81, 1. 24, after “minute” insert “; flowers orange red.”

P. 88, 1. 7 from below, after “common” insert ‘‘, a sea-shore plant.”

P. 89, 1. 3 from below, after “flowers” insert ‘‘ violet,”

P. 91, 1. 8, after “long” add :—

‘Mr. Ridley thinks it is a new species of Timonius.”’

P. 94, 1. 9, after ‘‘ Flowers” insert “pink,”

» » Ll. 5 from below, after “ Flowers” insert ‘‘ white,”
P. 95, 1. 8, omat “ S. longicaulis, Br. in Wall. Cat. 826.”
» » L. 20, after “Flowers” insert “white,”

P. 102, after line 12 add as note :—

‘* Mr. Ridley remarks the occurrence of Myrmecodia echinata, Gaudich., which
is not rare near the sea—Pauane: Ridley 1462. SincaporE: Ridley 5869, 8067.”’

P. 105, 1. 21, after “pedicels” insert , white, bracts purple.”

P. 106, 1. 7, after “long” insert ‘“‘ ochre-yellow, honey-scented.” and
at line 11 after “ Fruit” insert “bright light blue,”

P. 111, 1. 20, for “lucidus.” read “ Lowianus.”

P. 132, 1. 3 from below, for ““Luctbus” read “ Low1aNnus ”

P. 134, 1: 15, for “BC.” read “ Blume”’

Vou. LXXIV. II. Extra Numper. Part No. 16 (1905).

P. 4, 1. 8, for ““Scandent” read ‘“ Erect”’

P. 5, 1. 12 from below, after “ Fruat” insert “white, fleshy,”

P. 6, 1. 5, after “Fruit” insert ‘ white,”

P. 8,1. 23, for “climber” znsert “plant, creeping on tree stems, often ”’
», » lL. 6 from below, after “ Fruit” insert ‘white, showy,”
P. 37, 1. 20, after “obtuse” imsert “; flowers lavender-coloured.”
Paso, 2, after “24 msert “; Fook. £. Hl. Br. Ind. Ill. 336; ;

line 3, for “Calealia” read “Cacalia”; and line 4 for “ H.” read “C.”

872 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.
P. 48, at the end of Order LXI. Composit, add :—

“Since the description of this Family was written, the following
species have been noticed as additions to the Flora:

Tribe VERNONIEZ.

Sparganophorus Vaillanti, Gaertn. Fruct. IT. 396 t. 165. A road-
side weed, introduced from the West Indies, common in Singa-
pore.—firdley, Deschamips.

Vernonia eleagnifolia, DC. Prodr. V. 22. At Pekan, Pahang, fide
Fidley.

EG ne ee eas ee eee Tee

Tribe ASTEROIDE.
Erigeron linifolius, Willd. Sp. Pl. III. 1955. An escape or garden
weed, common.—Penang, Curtis 3389, 3401.
Grangea maderaspatana, Poir.; DC. Prodr. V. 373. Kedah, Curtis
809.

Tribe INULOIDEZ.

Blumea myriocephala, DC. Prodr. V. 445. Selangor, Curtis, 2350.
Cesulia axillaris, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 62, fide Ridley.

Tribe HELIANTHOIDE.

Enhydra fluctwans, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 511. Penang, Curtis 3455.

Acanthospermum xanthioides, DC. Prodr. V. 521. An introduced
weed in Singapore, fide Lizdley.”

9, line 13, after “ Flowers” insert ‘bright mauve,”
3, 1. 10, for “purple” read ‘pale blue ”’
4,1. 24, for “adnatus” read “adnatum”
5, 1. 5 from below, omit ‘“Stncaprore; Lobb.”
i ae ne 4 to 2 from below, omzt as (Trans. Linn. Soce., &e.
.. common.’
P. 56, 1. 14 from below, for “Salian”’ ee “Tahan ”
, 1. 4 from below, for ‘‘ marcescent” read “‘accrescent ”
, L. 19, at beginning insert ‘‘ PRovINCE WELLESLEY: common.’
, l. 23, for “microphylla” read “microphyllum ”
1.
]

P.4
Pb
P.5
P25

”

13 from below, for ‘‘ white” read “pink”
, 1. 11, after “shrub” isert “or small tree or an epiphyte on
lofty trees ”
P. 66, 1. 14, after “paler” insert ‘often bright red when fresh ”
- 4, 4, L. 22, after “Corolla” insert “pink or white,”
P. 67, 1. 29, after “long” wmsert “‘, pink, fragrant,”
» » 1. 7 from below, after “Fruit” insert “black, edible,”

P. 58
Poot
P. 64,
P. 66

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.. 873

P. 72, at the end of Diptycosta add note :—

** D. lancifolia, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 39, 15 (1903) from
Gunong Benom in Pahang, has been omitted.”

P. 91, at end of GENTIANACE add note :—

** Ridley says that Lxacum tetragonum, Exacum pedunculatum and Canscora
diffusa, only admitted on the authority of Lobb’s specimens which are of very
doubtful iocality, ought probably to be excluded. He would add Limnanthemum
eristatum, Griseb. found at Singapore and at Batu Pahat river, Johore.”’

Part No. 17 (1908).

Page 123, line 5, after “‘ Berry” insert “ white,”

P. 131, last line, after ‘“‘ 1808” insert ‘Sincarore : Changchukang,
Ridley 3653, 3844 (fide Ridley).”

P. 171, line 28 after ‘101; insert “ Regensb. FI. 578 { (1855): Walp.
Ann. V. 475. Ceratophorus Leerit,” ; and line 31, for “« King’s Collector ”
read “‘ Wray ”

P. 175, 1. 26, for “ (?)”’ insert “ about 20 feet high”’; and last line,
before ‘ Ridley” insert “in the Bukit Kutu woods,”

Peo EP l0vafier 60°" insert “to 80" ; and fer “10 to: 15 im.”
read ‘3 to 4 feet.”

P. 193, ll. 18, 19, for :—

Sef AS 5, asin is” read ‘‘ old trees of any size have become scarce in a wild
state, seedlings being still plentiful, but it is”

P. 196, 1. 8, for “ (?)” read “ reaching 50 to 60 feet in height” and
line 29, add :—

‘¢ The timber is heavy and is used in house-building (Ridley).”

P. 237, 1. 1, after “144” insert “*; Brand Monog. Sympl. 40.”

P. 254, 1. 21, for “‘ 7348” read “ 7848.”

P. 257, last line but two add :—‘‘ Remarkable among Jasmines
for having white instead of black fruit (Ridley).”

P. 272, 1. 14, to note add :—

‘Ridley says this is Linociera lancifolia, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As.

Soc. No. 39, 14 (1903).”

Part No. 18 (1905).

Page 280, line 14, after “sessile” ansert % white,”
P. 284, after line 12, insert note:—
‘Ridley says that he found Ehretia buzifolia, Roxb. Cor. Pl. I. 42, t. 57

along the Rumpin River in Pahang. We have seen no specimens.”

10

874 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula

Page 292, line 19, after “ Flowers” insert ‘ white,

P. 295, 1. 4, after “ Wray 2580!” put “;”. instead of “.” and- for
““Matacca: Bujong” read “ Bujong Malacca,”

P. 335, 1. 18, add:—‘‘ Common on the sea-shore (fidley)’’ and to
the note after “ species.”” add :—

‘Ridley writes that Solanum mammosum, Linn. Sp. Pl. 187 should be
added as itis thoroughly established and a conspicuous feature of the scenery on
waste ground ia Selangor and Perak. It is also common in old tin mines. No
specimens have been seen.”

PrBs ONO fOr MC. MeO AUP
P. 340, 1. 15, to note add :—

‘« Ridley says the purple-flowered variety is by far the commonest, but is
not wild and is found on waste ground only.”

P. 340, last line but 2, for “all” read “some of” and after
“provinces” znsert “ sparingly,”

P. 348, 1. 20, delete ‘‘ Herpestris pygmea, Griff. Notul. IV. 104.”

P. 348, 1. 25, after“ Flowers” insert “ violet with white throat,”

P. 350, 1. 8, for ‘‘sESSIFLORA,” read ‘‘ SESSILIFLORA, ”

P. 352, 1. 4 from below, omit ‘white or white and pink” and
after “ exserted”’ add “‘; tube and back of upper lip cherry red, lower
lip white with a yellow central spot, stigmas yellow (Rzdley).”

P, 354, 1. 3, for “ astatica, Linn. Sp. Pl. 619” read “‘ ATROPURPUREA
Ridley n. sp.”

P. 354, lines 12 to 17, omzt all the references.

PS 55° an 195,20, omit “< DistRis. ae, tovendss

P. ,, line 21, for “ BENTHAMIANA....- 2926” read ‘‘ CHLESTIS,
Ridley, n. sp.” —

P. 354, lines 29 to 31, omit all the references.

P. ,, line 22, omzt “ DistrRiB. &c.”’

P. 355, at the end of the genus TorEntra add note —

‘“« Ridley says that 7. Benthamiana, Hance, is often cultivated but is not
established. He also says that 2’. mucronulata, Benth. in DC. Prodr. X. 409
should be added with the following localities. Prnana: Waterfall and Govern-
ment Hill, Curtis, 1837. Trenaecanu: Bundi, Rostado. Dinp1nes: Gunong

Tungul, Ridley 9444. Panana: at Tahan River, Ridley. Stneapore: Garden
jungle, Bukit Timah, Ridley 6894.”

P. 357, 1. 8, after “ Corolla” insert “light blue,”

Part No. 19 (1907).
Page 399, lines 23, 24, for :—

“But the author gives no explanation of his drawings,’
author uses the term ‘ funiculus umbilicalis.’”

2

insert ‘‘and the

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>,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 875

P. 469, line 16, at the end change “‘.”’ to “;”’ and in line 17 omit
“ S. caudatus,”

Beat. 15, for “193.” read “ 192.”

P. 532, 1. 7 from below, for ‘ sELANGORICA, King & Gamble, n. sp.”
substitute “carnosuM, Merrill & Rolfe in Philipp. Journ. Sc. III.
(1908) 121.”

P. 533, 1.9, after “all” add ‘“ Oxystelma carnosum, R. Br. Prodr.
Fl. Nov. Holl. 462; Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 543. Cynanchum
carnosum, Schltr. in Perkins Fragm. Fl. Philipp. 120, Vincetoxicum
carnosum, Benth. Fl. Austral. TV (1869) 331.”

Page 533, 1. 11 at end, add ‘“ Australia.”

P. 543, 1. 17, for “ Patch” read “ Pateh ”’

P. 546, 1. 12, for “ Hort. Ham.” read “ Herb. Buch.-Ham.”

P. ,, ,, 4 from below, for “Tjuk” read “ Tjuk”’

P. 549, at end of PERGULARIA wmsert note :—

‘* According to N. H. Brown (Kew Bull. 323 (1907) ) the generic name Pergu-

laria really belongs to Demia and (This.-Dyer Fl. Cap. IV. i. 775) the species
described under Pergularia must be renamed under Txtosma, Coville.”

P. 554, line 19, omat “« Matacca: Griffith 3764.”

P. 574, 1. 12, after “rounded” msert “or cuneate ”

P. 579, lines 6 to 10, for “‘ Wall. Cat....... t. 4545” read “ Lindl.
Bot. Reg. (1847) t. 54; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4545; Wall. Cat. 8171;
Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 633; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 513.”

P. 586, after line 7, anmsert note :—

‘‘ For a discussion of the curious modifications of the leaves of D. Rafflesiana,

D. complex, and other species, see the following: Treub in Ann. Buit. III. 13 ;

Scott & Sargent in Ann. Bot. VII. 243; This.-Dyer in Ann. Bot. XVI. 365;

H. H. W. Pearson in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXV. 376.”

Part No. 20 (1907).

Page 637, line 10 from below, for ‘“‘ T. Anders.” read ‘“« Wall.”

GAIN, fore bn aread SS ~

P. 646, lines 12, 13, ont “ H. phlomoides” and transfer “Mig. FI.
lind-eBatetla 779-4 tovatten “DC: Prodr. Xl. 90: ~

P. 683, line 17, for “ Wall.’’ read “ Nees”

P. 700, last line of analysis, omzt ‘18. Cymaria” and wnsert

‘‘ Anthers 2-celled; upper lip of corolla merely notched -. 18. Cymaria.
Anthers 1-celled; upper lip of corolla 2-lobed .. ee oe) LOL Acry mrs

P. 701, line 4 from below, after “ places’

Deschamps. Province WELLESLEY: Rirdley 7168. SELANGOR: at
Kwala Lumpur, fzdley 10204. Sincapore: Hullett 63, 175.

mmsert ‘“‘ PENANG:

876 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

ANDAMANS at Port Blair, Kurz, King, Prain. Nicopars: Car Nicobar
Moos, King’s Collectors; Katchall, Kurz.”

Pot O Dao Ora PaiAdeny.) ee Manacoa”’ insert “Penance: Wal-
lich 2713 E; at Santong Sotong, Curtis 2492. Dinptnes: at Pangkore
(marked ? introduced) Scortechint 1017. AnpAmans: S. Andaman,
Kang.”

P. 702, lines 27 and 30, for ‘graveolens” read ‘‘ suaveolens ”

P. 704, line 4, for “‘ Perak: Kunstler” insert “‘ Kepan: Langkawi,
on the small islands, Curtis 2577. Perak: near Bernani River at 300
to 400 ft., Kunstler 8813.”

P. 705, 1. 10 from below, at end, znsert “‘ StInGAPORE: Kunstler 89.”

P. 707, after ‘ Provinces.” insert ‘‘ Penana: King, Deschamps.
Perak: at Jenah, 200 to 300 ft., Wray 1759. Matacca: Griffith 3957.
Stncarore: Wallich 2733 ; Schomburgk.”

P. 708, lines 19 and 20, for ‘“SincAPoRE..... 7603!” read
«“ Perak: Upper Perak, Wray 4046; Rawang, Ridley 7603. PAHANG:
Tahan River, Ridley 2131! Matacca: Griffith 3966! SINGAPORE:
G. Thomson; Bukit Panjang, Ridley 3951; Gunong Bintang,
Kunstler 255°’; and at line 22, after “ cultivation,” add “‘ Sumatra (in
Eastern Sumatra, 7. Daud-Herb. Ridley 11336; at Kitta Djawar in
open and sunny waste places in Lampongs, Forbes 1416a).”

P. 709, line 9, after “ Wray” insert “ 1682.”

P. 710, 1. 28, for ‘In all the provinces” read ‘“‘Kepau: Langkawi
Curtis. Prnane: Balick Polo Road, Curtzs 868 ; Deschamps. PERAK:
Scortechint. Pauana: Katapong, Redley 1286. Mauacca: Hervey ;
Griffith. JoHorE: Kwala Kanary, Lake ¢ Kelsall 4028. SINGAPORE :
Kunstler 128; Hullett 19: TZ. Anderson 148. Nicopars: Kamorta,
Kurz; Car Nicobar, King’s Collectors.”

P. 710, after line 28, at end of DysopHyLLA insert the following :—

2. DySOPHYLLA VERTICILLATA, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 1544 (1828).
An annual herb. Stems laxly branched, rarely simple, 6 in. to 3 ft.
high, glabrous or nearly so. Leaves in whorls of 4-10, glabrous, linear,
subacute, margin entire or obscurely toothed ; 1-3 in. long, :15 to :25 in.
wide; petiole short or 0. Flowers in villous or tomentose cylindric
terminal spikes, 1—2 in. long, ‘2 in. in diam.; whorls of cymes close-set

throughout. Calyx in fruit -08 in. long, campanulate; teeth subequal,

triangular, stellately spreading. Corolla -08 in. long, pinkish; tube
slender, hardly exserted; lobes pubescent. Fzlaments exserted, hairy.
Nutlets ellipsoid. Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. I. 30, in Lab. Gen. &
Sp. 159, and in DC. Prodr. XII. 157; Thw. Enum. Pl. Zeyl. 239 (in
part); Hook. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 639. D. ramosissima, Benth. in Wall.

ERGs WOT ee eet:

|

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 877

Cat. 1543. D. Benthamiana, Hance in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 5, V. 234.
Mentha stellata, Lour. Fl. Cochin-Chin. 36. M. verticillata, Roxb.
Hort. Beng. 44, and in Fl. Ind. III. 5. Pogostemon verticillatus, Miq.
Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 965.

Kepan: Langkawi, Coah, Curtis 2098! Distris.—Throughout
South Hastern Asia, and in Australia.

Page 714, line 15, for “Prax: Scortechini”’ read “‘ Knpan : Kedah
Peak, Ridley or Curtis. Prrax: Harans, Scortechini 788 !”

P. 715, 1. 6 from below, for “ Inall the provinces ” read “‘ SELANGOR :
Firdley 7601. Anpamans: S. Andaman, King’s Collector. NicoBars:
Nancowry, King’s Collector.”

P. 717, 1. 26, after “escape” add “ Matacca : Bukit Bruang, Hervey.”

P. 719.1. 10 from below, after “Deschamps !” add “‘; Hullett 9.
Prenane: Deschamps. Province WELLESLEY: G. King. PERAK:
Thaipeng, Scortechint 7, 482; Telukanson, Ridley 10769,” and after
“ Grifith!” imsert “« ANDamans: §. Andaman, King’s Collector.”

P. 720, 1. 23, after “1115!” ansert “at Tanjong Joking, Curtis 2491;
Deschamps. PRovinck WELLESLEY : Butterworth, G. King. Mauacca:
G. King’; and line 24, after “48!” insert ‘ Hullett 9.”

P. 721, 1. 14, after “ places” insert “‘ SeELANGOR : Pudok, Goodenough —
10462. Panana: at Pekan, Ridley 1164.”

P. 722, 1. 17, after “7095!” wnsert “Larut at 500 to 1000 it.,
King’s Collector 2372.”

P. 724, 1. 18, after “ Wray!” insert “ Goping, Kunstler 467.”

P. 726, 1. 24, at beginning, imsert ‘“ Panane: at Pulau Tawar, Ridley
2148, also at Kwala Tanbeling,” and lines 26 to 31, omit “It has.....
Materials” and add “Ridley has also collected in Johore at Bukit
Saga (No. 11130) a plant, also with white flowers, which agrees with G.
oblongum in every character except in having calyx-teeth much shorter
than the tube.”

P. 726, 1. 3, after “1310!” insert “ gathered in Botanic Garden, from
a plant sent from Waterloo, Perak, Curtis 2166.”

P. 727, after line 4, the end of Lasiatm, insert the following :—

19. Acrymia, Prain in Kew Bull. for 1908, 114 (1908).

Undershrubs. lowers small, in lax, many-flowered, peduncled,
raceme-like, axillary cymes. Calyx erect, 10-nerved, the intermediate
nerves weaker than the other 5, equally 5-toothed; the tube in fruit
urceolate ; throat within naked. Corolla-tube slightly enlarged upwards,
shortly exserted; limb 2-lipped; lower lip 3-lobed, spreading, the mid-
lobe larger than’ the lateral; upper lip suberect, 2-fid, not arched.

878 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Stamens 4, exserted, didynamous, the upper pair shorter; anthers
l1-celled. Disk small, equal, entire. Style-arms unequal, the upper
very short. Nutlets obovoid, rugosely pitted; hilum very large,
lateral—Distr1p. Species 1, endemic.

The genus Acrymra is closely allied to Cymaria, with which it agrees as regards
inflorescence and fruit, but from which it differs in having a 2-lobed upper lip that
does not conceal the 1-celled anthers. Though much smaller, the corolla of Acrymia
resembles rather closely the corolla of Ajuga, a genus in which the anther-cells,
though usually discrete, are sometimes at length confluent. In habit, however,
Acrymia is unlike either of the genera to which it is so closely allied, and recalls that

met with in an Indian group of species belonging to the genus Gomphostemma, which
includes G. ovatum, Wall., and G. Mastersii, Benth.

ACRYMIA AJUGIFLORA, Prain in Kew Bull. 115 (1908). A dwarf
undershrub. Stems woody, prostrate and rooting below, 2-3 in. long,
densely leafy above. Leaves opposite, petioled, elliptic, obtuse, crenate
except the sometimes unequally cuneate, or occasionally subtruncate
base; dark green above, paler beneath, fulvous-strigose on both sides,
especially along the 5-7 pairs of main nerves and the secondary reticu-
late veins ; 4-5-8 in. long, 2-3-5 in. wide; petiole -75—2 in. long, fulvous-
strigose. Cymes dichotomously branching, with terminal flowers;
flowers on the branches secundly arranged ; main-peduncles strigose,
slender, ‘75-125 in. long; bracteoles subulate, shorter than pedicels.
Calyx in flower campanulate, ‘08 in. long, in fruit urceolate, -15 in.
long, strigose on the nerves externally; teeth 5, equal triangular as
long as the portion of tube above the constriction; pedicels slender,
strigose, ‘07-1 in. long. Corolla white, ‘25 in. long, glabrous; tube
shortly exserted ; lower lip spreading, 3-lobed, mid-lobe obovate ; upper
lip suberect, 2-lobed, lobes oblong, hardly exceeding lateral lobes of
lower lip. laments exserted, hirsute at base, glabrous elsewhere ;
anthers 1-celled. Nwtlets obovoid, -02 in. long, wide-reticulate ; at first
sparsely pubescent, at length glabrescent.

PeERAK: On limestone rocks, in dense jungle, 500-800 ft., Kunstler
(King’s Collector) 10709 !

Parr No. 21 (1908).

P. 795, 1. 8, for “‘ SPHENODESMA.”’ 2nsert ‘‘ SPHENODESME.”’

Nore.—Since the completion of the Families of the Gamopetale, a paper has been
read before the Linnean Society by Mr. H. N. Ridley, F.R.S., on a ‘‘ Collection of
Plants made by Messrs. H. C. Robinson and L. Wray on Gunong Tahan, Pahang.”
It describes a number of new species, and should be consulted by all workers who may
make use of the ‘ Materials for the Flora of the Malay Peninsula.’ It was published
in Linn. Soc. Journ. Bot. XXXYVIII. 301 et seg. (1908).

;

INDEX

TOD VOLS EXxXive IS EXTRA NUMBER:

—

A

ACANTHACEA! 628
AcANTHOPALE C. B. Clarke 658
? malasica, C. B. Clarke 659
Acanthospermum xanthioides, DC. 872
Acantuus Linn. 659
ebracteatus, Vahl 660
ilicifolius, Linn. 659
var. integrifolia, T.
And. 660
volubilis, Wall. 660
Achimanes sesamoides, Vahl 358
Acmella biflora, Spreng. 43
Acrymia Prain 877
ajugiflora, Prain 878
ApeEnosma R. Br. 343
cxruleum, R. Br. 345
capitatum, Benth. 345
elongatum, Blume 639
hirsutum, Kurz 346
inopinatum, Prain 344
lunceolatum, Blume 636
ovatum, Benth. 344, 345
subrepens, Benth. 345
triflora, Nees 643
triflora, Seem. 347
uliginosa var. erecta, Nees 635
ADENOSTEMMA Forst. 28
elatum, DC. 29
erectum, DC. 29
fastigiatum, DC. 29
latifolium, DC. 29
leiocarpum, DC. 29
macrophyllum, DC. 29
madurense, DC. 29
parviflorum, DC. 29
reticulatum, DC. 29
Roylei, DC. 29
viscosum, DC. 29
viscosum, Forst. 29
ApHATODA Nees 689
Neesiana, Nees 684
quadrifaria, Nees 684
vasculosa, Nees 687
Vasica, Nees 689

AXerauitis R. Br. 84
annulata, Kurz 85
var. rotundifolia, DC. 85
rotundifolia, Roxb. 85
Aigianilites rotundifolia, Presl. 85
/AaicERAS Gaertn. 155
corniculatum, Blanco 157
fragrans, Koenig 157
majus, Gaertn. 156
Malaspinea, DC. 157
minus, A. DC. 157
obovatum, Blume 157
AXetnetiA Linn. 364
abbreviata, Ham. 365
acaulis, Walp. 365
pedunculata, Wall. 365
AMSCHYNANTHUS Jack 731
Forbesii, Ridley 737
Hildebrandii, Hemsl. 734
Lobbiana, Hook. 735
longicalyx, Ridley 735
longiflora, DC. 734
marmorata, 7. Moore 732
Motleyi, Clarke 732
obconica, Clarke 737
perakensis, Ridley 734
radicans, Jack 736
var. lanuginosa,
Ridley 736
radicans, Wall. 737
Rhododendron, Ridley
73d
speciosa, Hook. 733
stenophylla, Ridley 733
Wallichii, R. Br. 736
zebrina, van Houtte 733
Acaumyia Blume 738
staminea, Blume 738
Aganosma G. Don 495
acuminati, G. Don 496
calycina, A. DC. 497
concanensis, Hook. 457
macrocarpa, A. DC. 496
marginata, G. Don 495
Roxburghii, G. Don 497
Wallichti, G. Don 497

880

Acarretes D. Don 59
Griffithii, Clarke 59
AcEratoum Linn. 29
aquaticum, Roxb. 29
conyzoides, Linn. 29
cordifolium, Roxb. 29
Ajuga disticha, Roxb. 715
fruticosa, Roxb. 716
Allamanda ecathartica, Linn. 390
Austonia Br. 435
angustifolia, Wall. 440
var. elliptica, King
& Gamble 441
var. latifolia, King
é& Gamble
441
angustiloba, Miq. 438
calophylla, Mig. 439
costata, Wall. 440
? costulata, Miq. 444
cuneata, Wall. 438
Curtisii, King & Gamble 439
grandifolia, Mig. 442
macrophylla, Wall. 439
pangkorensis, King & Gamble
442

scholaris, Br. 436
spathulata, Blume 437
villosa, Blume 442
Auyxta Br. 415
2? ceriacea, Wall. 415
? cuspidata, Wall. 412
Forbesii, King & Gamble 420
Gynopogon, Syst. Veg. 418
lucida, Wall. 417
odorata, Wall. 418
oleifolia, King & Gamble 419
pilosa, Mig. 416
pumila, Hook. f. 420
quinata, Miq. 418
Scortechinii, King d& Gamble 421
selangorica, King & Gamble 422
stellata, Wall. 421
Ambulia ebracteata, Ham. 349
aromatica, Lamk. 350
Ancyclocladus glaucinus, Pierre 392
ANDROGRAPHIS Wall. 665
paniculata, Nees 665
tenuiflora, 7’. And. 666
Andromeda elliptica, Sieb. & Zuce. 73
flexuosa, Moon 68
Katagherensis, Hook. 68
ovalifolia, Wall. 73
Angelonia grandiflora, C. Moore 341
AntsEIA Choisy 301
Afzelii, G. Don 300
bracteata, Hassk. 300
martinicensis, Choisy 301
uniflora, Choisy 301
ANISOMELES R. Br. 714
disticha, Heyne 715
glabrata, Benth. 715
indica, O. Kuntze 715

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Anisomeles intermedia, Wight 716
malabarica, R. Br. 717
mollissima, Wall. 715
ovata, R. Br. 715
Axoprenpron A. DC. 485
Candolleanum, Wight 487
lanceolatum, King & Gamble
490
paniculatum, A. DC. 486
paucifiorum, Hook. f. 488
rubescens, Teysm. & Binnend.
488
Wyrayi, King dé Gamble 489
Antirrhinum hexandrum, Forsk. 356
AntistRoPHE A. DC. 154
caudata, King & Gamble
154
Curtisii, King & Gamble 155
oxyantha, 4. DC. 155
Antonia Grigithii, Wight 602
APOCYNACEE 387
Apocynum tiliefolium, Lamk. 548
APORUELLIA C. B. Clarke 649
axillaris, C. B. Clarke 650
sumatrensis, C. B. Clarke
650
var. Ridleyi, C. B.
Clarke 650
Arpisia Swartz 118
anceps, Wall. 130
andamanica, Kurz 126
attenuata, Miq. 141
avenis, Blume 101
bambusetorum, King & Gamble
153
biflora, King & Gamble 142
chrysophyllifolia, Aing & Gamble
123

chrysophylloides, Miq. 127
colorata, Roxb. 129
var. complanata, Clarke 130
var. elliptica, King &
Gamble 131
var. polyneura, Clarke 130
var. salicifolia King &
Gamble 131
complanata, Wall. 131
crassa, Clarke 131
crenata, Roxb. 148
var. angusta, Clarke 150
crenulata, Lodd. 149
crispa, A. DC. 149
densa, Miq. 149
divergens, Roxb. 133
elliptica, Bedd. 138
ferruginea, Mez 125
fulva, King & Gamble 124
glabrata, Blume 144
glandulosa, Blume 149
grandiflora, Wall. 130
Hasseltiit, Blume 135
Hullettii, Mez 141
humilis, A. DC. 138

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Ardisia humilis, Clarke 136
Kunstleri, King d& Gamble 136
labisiefolia, King & Gamble 127
lanceolata, Roxb. 134
lankawiensis, King & Gamble 125
Leschenaultit, DC. 135
littoralis, Andr, 135
longepedunculata, King &
Gamble 150
z, lurida, Blume 138
macrocarpa, Wall. 146
Maingayi, King & Gamble 151
Meziana, King & Gamble 147
Miqueliana, Scheff. 125
minor, King & Gamble 146
mollis, Blume 144
montana, King & Gamble 128
mucronata, Biume 135
nertifolia, A. DC. 126
oblongifolia, King & Gamble 141
obovata, Blume 136
odontophylla, Wall. 152
var. Lobbii, Clarke
152
var. Maingayi,
Clarke 151
ophirensis, Mez 127
oxyphylla, Wall. 137, 139
pachysandra, Mez 121
pavonina, Hb., Ham. 152
pendula, Mez 140
perakensis, King & Gamble 156
pergamacea, Blume 109
plagioneura, Scheff. 135
platyclada, King d& Gamble 132
polycarpa, Wall. 130
polycephala, Wall. 137
polycephala, Wight 136
polyneura, Miq. 130
polysticta, Miq. 149
porosa, Clarke 132
pterocaulis, Miq. 132
pumila, Blume 116
punctata, Jack 133
punctulosa, D. Dietr. 134
purpurea, Reinw. 135
pyramidalis, Roth 130
reclinata, Blume 141
rhyncophylla, Clarke 143
Ridleyi, King d Gamble 140
rosea, King & Gamble 150
Rothii, A. DC. 130
sanguinolenta, Blume 131
Scortechinii, King & Gamble 140
sinuata, King & Gamble 129
solanacea, Roxb. 137
solanacea, Wall. 136
solanoides, King d& Gamble 123
speciosa, Blume 135
spicata, ? Wall. 116
sumatrana, Miq. 134
tahanica, King é& Gamble 143
tavoyana, A. DC. 144

881

Ardisia tenuiflora, Blume 105
tetrasepala, King d Gamble 142
Teysmanniana, Scheff. 122
thesfolia, King d& Gamble 152
tuberculata, Wall. 126

var. ophirensis,
Clarke 127
umbellata, Roxb. 136
vestita, Wall. 144
villosa, Roxb. 143
var. glabrata, Kurz 144
virens, Kurz 144
Wrayi, King d: Gamble 145
Zollingeri, DC. 131
ArGyretIA Lour. 320

| alulata, Miq. 308

barbigera, Choisy 322

capitata, Choisy 322

Championi, Benth. 320

obtecta, Clarke 320

obtusifolia, Louw. 320

rubicunda, Choisy 327

spherocephala, Prain 323

| ARTANEMA Don 358

angustifolium, Benth. 358

sesamoides, Benth. 358

Linn. 46

dubia, Wall. 47

grata, Wall. 47

indica, Willd. 47

lavandulefolia, DC. 47

leptostachya, DC. 47

minima, Linn. 46

myriantha, Wall. 47

paniculata, Roxb. 47

sternutatoria, Koxh. 46

vulgaris, Linn. 47

ASCLEPIADACE® 505

Ascuepias Linn. 530

acuminata, Roxb. 539
curassavica, Linn. 530
dichotoma, Rottl. 553
gigantea, Willd. 529
lactifera, Linn. 539
parasitica, Roxb. 572
pseudo-Sarsa, Roxb. 512
pulchella, Roxb. 532
Sassuela, Roxb. 565
tenuissima, Roxb. 553
tingens, Roxb. 541
volubilis, Linn. f. 548
Asteracantha auriculata, Nees 647
longifolia, Nees 647
Asystasta Blume 667
Blumei, Nees 668
chelonoides, Nees 668
coromandeliana, Nees 667
gangetica, Lindau 667
intrusa, Blume 668
ATHERANDRA Dene 515
acutifolia, Dene 515

ARTEMISIA

cuspidata, Blume 515
pubescens, Blume 515

882

AVICcENNIA Linn. 867
alba, Blume 868
intermedia, Griff. 869
officinalis, Kurz 869
officinalis, Linn. 867

var. alba, Clarke 869

resinifera, Forsk. 869
resinifera, Griff. 869
tomentosa, Br. 868

Azaola Leerti, Teysm. & Binn. 171

B

Baccharis indica, Lam. 37
nitida, Wall. 33
Beobotrys fragrans, Wall. 97
glabra, DC. 97
indica, Roxb. 99
missionis, Wall. 97
ovata, Wall. 97
ramentacea, Roxb. 97
Baissea malaccensis, Hook. f. 491
Ballota disticha, Linn. 715
mauritiana, Pers. 715
suaveolens, Linn. 715
Barueria Linn. 673
conspicua, Nees 674
Prionitis, Linn. 673
Barringtonia rigida, Clarke 247
Bassta Linn. 176
argentea, Clarke 184
aristulata, King & Gamble 177
Braceana, King & Gamble 184
var. lanceolata, King &
Gamble 185
cuneata, Blume 187
cuprea, King & Gamble 186
Curtisii, King & Gamble 181
erythrophylla, King & Gamble
188
? hypoleuca, Miq. 191
Kingiana, Brace 178
Kunstleri, Brace 178
laurifolia, King & Gamble 182
var. obtusa, King & Gamble 182
var. parvifolia, King &
Gamble 182
longistyla, King & Gamble 185
malaccensis, King & Gamble 180
Motleyana, Clarke 187
yar. Scortechinii, King &
Gamble 187
penangiana, King & Gamble 188
penicillata, King & Gamble 179
perakensis, King & Gamble 183
rupicola, King & Gamble 183
Batatas acetosefolia, Choisy 316
edulis, Choisy 313, 314
littoralis, Choisy 316
paniculata, Choisy 313
zanthorhiza, Boj. 304
Beleropone? fulgida, Hassk. 680

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Benjaminea glabra, Benj. 351
Beurreria glabra, D. Don 280
Bidaria tingens, Roxb. 541
BipEns Linn. 44
bipinnata, Wall. 45
chinensis, Willd. 45
decomposita, Wall. 45
fervida, Lamk. 43
jiza, Lamk. 43
leucantha, Willd. 45
pilosa, Linn. 45
var. bipinnata, Hook. f. 45
var. decomposita, Hook f.
45
var. pilosa, Hook. f. 45
tripartita, Wall. 45
Wallichit, DC. 45
BIGNONIACE 375
Bignonia amena, Wall. 381
Azadirachta, Koen. 385
jimbriata, Wall. 379
indica, Linn. 377
var. 3 383
longifolia, Willd. 383
longissima, Lour. 378
multijuga, Wall. 383
Pajanelia, Ham. 383
pentandra, Lour. 377
Porteriana, Wall. 380
spathacea, Linn. f. 378
suberosa, Roxb. 385
Bladhia crispa, Thunb. 149
Blairia nodiflora, Gaertn. 798
Buiumea DC. 32
balsamifera, DC. 33
var. angustifolia,
King & Gamble 33
chinensis, DC. 32
var. riparia, King d&
Gamble 33
fasciculata, DC. 34
fistulosa, Kurz 34
flava, DC. 36
glomerata, DC. 33
gracilis, DC. 34
holosericea, DC. 34
hymenophylla, DC. 36
lacera, DC. 35
leptoclada, DC. 34
longispina, Zoll. & Mor. 33
membranacea, DC. 35
Musra, DC. 35
myriocephala, DC. 872
parvifolia, DC. 35
phyllostachya, DC. 35
purpurea, DC. 34
racemosa, DC. 34
riparia, DC. 33
spinellosa, DC. 34
trichophora, DC. 35
villosa, Schultz & Bip. 35
Wightiana, DC. 34
Bobua cerasifolia, Miers 246

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Baa Commers. 775
acutifolia, Ridley 778
cierulescens, Ridley 777
divaricata, Ridley 778 .
elegans, Ridley 777
ferruginea, Ridley 780
glabra, Ridley 779
anata, Ridley 777
paniculata, Ridley 776
parviflora, Ridley 778
patens, Ridley 779
suffruticosa, Ridley 778
verticillata, Ridley 776
Barca Clarke 780
brachyandra, Ridley 781
filiformis, Clarke 781
Bonamia Thouars 298
semidigyna, Hallier f. 299
Bonnaya Link & Otto 359
brachiata, Link & Otto 360
brachiata, Griff. 361
ciliata, Spreng. 361
cordifolia, Vahl 358
cyanea, Griff. 361
marginata, Spreng. 361
procumbens, Benth. 361
pusilla, Benth. 361
reptans, Spreng. 360
rigida, Benth. 361
Rothii, Dietr. 361
Roxburghii, Dietr. 361
ruellioides, Spreng. 361
serrata, Griff. 360
Vahlii, G. Don 357
verbenefolia, Benth. 361
veronicefolia, Spreng. 361
var. typica, Prain 361
var. verbenefolia,
Hook. f. 361
veronicefolia, Wall. 361
BoraGinEz& 277
Bracea paniculata, King 160
Brachynema ferruginea, Griff. 861
Bramia indica, Lamk. 351
Breweria cordata, Blume 299
madagascuriensis, Choisy 299
Roxburghii, Choisy 299
Buchnera asiatica, Linn. 363
coccinea, Benth. 363
phenicea, Benth. 363
Buppue1a Linn. 600
acuminatissima, Blume 601
asiatica, Lour. 600
discolor, Roth. 601
madagascariensis, Lamk. 601
Neemda, Ham. 601
salicina, Lamk. 601
serratula, Roth 601
subserrata, Don 601
virgata, Blanco 691
Buglossum litorewm, Rumph. 51
Bysteropogon graveolens, Bl. 705
suaveolens, lh’ Hérit. 705

883

C

Cacalia bicolor, Roxb. 40, 871
cylindrifolia, Wall. 40
Finlaysoniana, Wall. 40
reclinata, Wall. 40
sonchiflora, Linn. 39

Cesulia axillaris, Roxb. 872

CaLAmintHA Moench. 711

gracilis, Benth. 711

CauLicaRPa Linn. 802

acuminatissima, Teysm. & Binn.
801
adenanthera, Br. 806
americana, Lour. 806
angusta, Schauer 805
angustifolia, King & Gamble 804
arborea, Roxb. 803
var. villosa, Roxb. 803
attenuata, Wall. 808
bicolor, Juss. 807
cana, Linn. 806
cana, Wall. 807, 808
Cumingiana, Schauer 801
cuspidata, Roxb. 807
dentata, Herb. Roxb. 807
dentata, Roth. 807
dentata, Wall. 808
Heynei, Roth. 807
lanata, Schauer 807
longifolia, Lamk. 807
Maingayi, King & Gamble 804
nudiflora, Hook. & Arn. 806
pedunculata, Br. 807
pentandra, Roxb. 801
Reevesii, Wall. 805
Roxburghiana, Roem. & Sch.
808
sumatrana, Miq. 807
tectonefolia, Wall. 803
tiliefolia, Teysm. & Binn. 807
tomentosa, Lamk. 806
Calochlamys capitata, Pres] 866
Catonycrion Choisy 319
bona-nox, Boj. 319
noctilucum, Don 319
Roxburghii, G. Don 319
speciosum, Choisy 319
Calosanthes indica, Blume 377
Catotropis Br. 528
gigantea, Br. 529 i
Calpicarpum albiflorum, Teysm. & Binn.
431
Lamarckii, G. Don 429
Roxburghii, G. Don 430
Catystrata R. Br. 299
hederacea, Wall. 299
Keriana, Sweet 300
Cameraria dubia, Sims 466
zeylanica, Retz 426
CAMPANULACE 51

884 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Campanula lancifolia, Roxb. 54
CamPanuMmA Blume 53
celebica, Blume 53
truncata, Endl. 54
Campuleia coccinea, Hook. 363
Canscora Lam. 88
diffusa, R. Br. 89, 872
pentanthera, C. B. Clarke 89
CantHium Lam. 870
Capraria crustacea, Linn. 356
gratissima, Roxb. 347
Capsicum Linn. 335
angustifolium, Dun. 338
annuum, Linn. 336
var. abbreviata, Fingerh. 337
acuminata, Fingerh. 337
cerasiformis, Mill. 337
grossa, Sendt. 337
nigra, Prain 337
typica, Prain 336
annuum, Roxb. 337
baccatum, Linn. 338
cerasiforme, Roxb. 337
fastigiatum, Bl. 338
frutescens, Dun. 337
frutescens, Linn. 337
frutescens, var.baccata, Irish 338
var. typica, Prain 338
frutescens, Roxb. 337
frutescens, Wall. 338
grossum, Linn. 337
var. cerasiformis, Clarke
337
longum, DC. 337 ;
minimum, Roxb. 338
purpureum, Roxb. 337
Caranga amara, Vahl 359
CARDANTHERA Ham. 642, 728
triflora, Ham. 642, 728
Carissa Carandas, Linn. 390
CenTIpepA Lour. 46
minuta, Benth. 46
orbicularis, Lour. 46
CENTRANTHERA R. Br. 363
humifusa, Wall. 364
Centratherum chinense, Less. 27
Centrostemma Lindleyanum, Dene. 562
multiflorum, Dene. 562
Ceratophorus Leerii, Miq. 873
CrerberA Linn. 427
fruticosa, Ker 430
lactaria, Ham. 427
laurifolia, Lodd. 427
Manghas, Linn. 427
Odollam, Gaertn. 427
oppositifolia, Lam. 429
parviflora, Wall. 429
platysperma, Gaertn. 429
salutaris, Lour. 51, 429
Cercocoma singaporiana, Wall. 471
Wallichii, Miq. 485
Creropeera Linn. 596

| Ceropegia Decaisneana, Mig. 553

lucida, Wall. 597
Chasalia expansa, Miq. 19
var. montana, Miq. 14
montana, Miq. 14
perforata, Miq. 13
Chavannesia lucida, G. Don 476
CuHErLoTHECA Hook. f. 81
malayana, Scort. 81
Cuitocarpus Blume 399
atroviridis, Blume 400
Cantleyi, King & Gamble 403
costatus, Mig. 406
cuspidatus, Benth. 412
decipiens, Hook. f. 402
embelioides, King & Gamble
401

enervis, Hook. f. 402
flavescens, Kew Gard. Rep.
398
Maingayi, Dyer 406
malabaricus, Bedd. 401
minutifiorus, King & Gamble
405
nigrescens, Kingé Gamble 404
suaveolens, Blume 399
Chionanthus insignis, Miq. 268
macrocarpa, Blume 268
montanus, Kurz 268
palembanicus, Mig. 267
Currita Buch.-Ham. 764
caliginosa, Clarke 765
elata, Ridley 765
Glasgovii, Ridley 766
mollissima, Ridley 787
rupestris, Ridley 766
sericea, Ridley 766
var. Scortechinii, Ridley 766
viola, Ridley 765
Chironia lanosanthera, Nav.& Fernand. 306
Chondrilla runcinata, Wall. 48
CuonemorPHa G. Don 483
2 antidysenterica, G. Don
446

2 cristata, G. Don 496
macrophylla, G. Don 483
mollis, Miq. 484
CHRISTISONIA Gardn. 365
Scortechinii, Prain 366
Chrysocoma purpurea, Forst. 27
violacea, Schum. 27
CHRYSOPHYLLUM Linn. 158
acuminatum, Roxb. 159
Curtisii, King & Gamble
159

jfiurmum, Miq. 165
javanicum, Steud. 159
lanceolatum, A. DC. 159
2 molle, Wall. 168
Roxburghii, G. Don 158
CrecHorniA Wight 490
borneensis, Kingé Gamble 492

ate 2a

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Cleghornia gracilis, King & Gamble 491
malaccensis, King & Gamble
491
CLERODENDRON Linn. 825
acuminatum, Wall. 829
calamitosum, Linn. 827
Colebrookianum, Walp.837
var. Forbesii, King &
Gamble 838
cordatum, Don 836
Curtisit, H. H. W. Pearson
833
deflexum, Wall. 828
disparifolium, Blume 829
divaricatum, Jack 835
farinosum, Wall. 835
fragrans, R. Br. 826
glandulosum, Colebr, 838
Griffithianum, Clarke 830
herbaceum, Wall. 834
inerme, Benth. 827
var. neriifolia,
Kurz 827
inerme, Gaertn. 828
infortunatum, Linn. 835
Jackianum, Wall. 829
javanicum, Walp. 835
lankawiense, King &
Gamble 830
Lobbii, Clarke 841
macrophyllum, Sims. 834
myrmecophilum, Ridley
832
neriifolium, Wall. 827
nutans, Jack 830
ornatum, Wall. 834
paniculatum, Linn. 838
pendulifiorum, Wall. 830
pyramidale, Andi. 839
Ridleyi, King & Gamble
840
serratum, Spreng. 834
var. Wallichii,
Clarke 834
Siphonanthus, Br. 839
splendidum, Wall. 839
squamatum, Vahl 827
ternifolium, Don 834
Thomsone, Balf. f. 827
trichotomum, Wall. 837

umbratile, King @ Gamble

831
velutinum, Wall. 837
verticillatum, Don 840
villosum, Blume 836
viscosum, Vent. 836
Climacandra littoralis, Kurz 136
multiflora, Miq. 136
obovata, Miq. 136
salicifolia, Miq. 136
Curnacantuts Nees 680
Burmanni, Nees 680

885

| Clinacanthus nutans, Lindau 680
Codonopsis albiflora, Griff. 54
celebica, Miq. 54
leucocarpa, Miq. 54
truncata, Wall. 54
Coffea tabaccifolia, Wall. 14
Coupenra Linn. 284
procumbens, Linn. 284
Couevs Lour. 706
atropurpureus, Benth. 706
Collyris major, Vahl 583, 585
minor, Vahl 587
| Columnea longifolia, Linn. 358
minuta, Roxb. 357
tomentosa, Roxb. 343
COMPOSIT 22
Conchophyllum imbricatum, Bl. 582, 584
Conera Roxb. 864
azurea, Wall. 864, 866
barbata, Wall. 863
Forbesii, King & Gamble 866
Juckiana, Wall. 862, 864
pentandra, Wall. 864
tomentosa, Roxb. 866
vestita, Griff. 865
| CONVOLVULACE 284
| Convolvuloides palmata, Moench. 311
| Convolvulus acetosefolius, Vahl 316
| aculeatus, Linn. 319
| Adansonii, Lamk. 317
adpressus, Wall. 325
anceps, Linn. 308
angularis, Burm. 303
arenarius, Vahl 316
asclepiadeus, Wall. 302
barbiger, Wall. 322
| Batatas, Linn. 314
Benthami, Wall. 305
bicolor, Vahl 300
bilobatus, Roxb. 316
binectariferus, Wall. 309
blandus, Roxb. 306
Blumei, Dietr. 304
bona-nox, Spreng. 320
bracteatus, Vahl 300
bryoniefolius, Salisb. 311
cespitosus, Roxb. 305
carnosus, Spreng. 316
cephalanthus, Wall. 309
cymosus, Lamk. 306
dentatus, Vahl 305
denticulatus, Lamk. 315
denticulatus, Spreng. 304
edulis, Thunb. 314
emarginatus, Vahl 301
esculentus, Salisb 314
flavus, Willd. 305
grandiflorus, Linn. f. 320
hastatus, Desy. 304 -
incrassatus, Wall. 317
indicus, Moris. 314
insignis, Spreng. 313

886 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

Convolvulus involucratus, Ker 300
latijlorus, Desv. 320
littoralis, Linn. 316
marginatus, Lamk. 317
maritimus, Lamk. 315
martinicensis, Jacq. 301
maximus, Vahl 317
medius, Roxb. 304
obtectus, Wall. 320
paniculatus, Linn. 313
parviflorus, Vahl 302
peltatus, Linn. 306
penangianus, Wall. 325
pentagonus, Roxb. 306
Pes-Capre, Linn. 315
Pes-Tigridis, Spr. 311
pheniceus, Spreng. 318
pinnatus, Desv. 319
platensis, Spreng. 313
polyanthus, Wall. 317-
Quamoclit, Desv. 319
repens, Vahl 316
reptans, Linn. 316
Rheedii, Wall. 301
roseus, Kunth 313
Rothii, Spreng. 306
rubicundus, Wall. 327
semidigynus, Roxb. 309
sepiarius, Wall. 317
stoloniferus, Cyril. 316
strictus, Vahl 305, 317
strigosus, Wall. 322
tridentatus, Linn. 304
triqueter, Vahl 308
Turpethum, Linn. 308
umbellatus, Wall. 307
uniflorus, Lamk. 301
valerianoides, Blanco 298
Wallichianus, Spr. 300

Conyza abbreviata, Wall. 27

acuminata, Wall. 26
appendiculata, Blume 33
arborea, Wall. 26
balsamifera, Linn. 33
bellidifolia, Wall. 27
bifoliata, Wall. 35
chinensis, Lamk. 26
chinensis, Linn. 33
cinerascens, Wall. 27
cinerea, Linn. 27
corymbosa, Roxb. 37
diffusa, Roxb. 35
elegantula, Wall. 27
fasciculata, Wall. 36
Jistulosa, Roxb. 34
glomerata, Wall. 34
gracilis, Wall. 34
heterophylla, Lam. 27
holosericea, Wall. 34
hymenophylla, Wall. 36
incana, Wall. 27
indica, Miq. 37

Conyza lacera, Roxb. 35
lactucefolia, Wall. 35
lactucifolia, DC. 35
linifolia, Wall. 27
membranacea, Wall. 36
Musra, Ham. 35
ovata, Wall. 27
paniculata, Wall. 35
prolifera, Lam. 27
punctulata, Wall. 26
purpurea, Wall. 34
racemosa, Wall. 34
riparia, Blume 33
sericea, Wall. 34
serici-vestita, Wall. 33
subsimplex, Wall. 27
thyrsiflora, Ham. 35
vestita, Wall. 33
villosa, Ham. 35
virens, Wall. 36
volubilis, Wall. 31
Wightiana, Wall. 35

Corp1a 278
africana, Lamk. 279
campanulata, Roxb. 279
Griffithii, Clarke 280
hexandra, Roem. & Sch. 279
indica, Lamk. 279
Myxa, Linn. 279
officinalis, Lamk. 279
orientalis, R. Br. 279
paniculata, Roth. 279
Rumphii, Blume 279
Sesbestena, Forsk. 279
subcordata, Lamk. 278

Cordyloblaste Henschelii, Moritzi 249

Cotula bicolor, Roth 31
conica, Wall. 48
latifolia, Pers. 31
minima, Willd. 46
sinapifolia, Roxb. 31
sternutatoria, Wall. 46

| CRAWFURDIA Wall. 90

Blumei, G. Don 90
trinervis, Hassk. 90

| Crepis Linn. 47

japonica, Benth. 48
lyrata, Clarke 48

| Cryptolepis filiformis, Wall. 515
| Cryptophragmium axillare, Nees 648
| Curanea Juss. 359

amara, Juss. 359
Cuscuta Linn. 286
Hygrophile, H. H.W. Pears. 286
Cyananthus umbrosa, Griff. 787
Cyanopis decurrens, Zoll. 27
pubescens, DC. 26
villosa, DC. 26
Cyclocodon adnatum, Griff. 54, 872
lancifolium, Kurz 54
truncatum, Hook. f. & Th. 54
Cymaria Benth. 726

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Cymaria dichotoma, Benth. 726
CynancHum Linn. 533
acuminatum, Herb. Ham. 539

asthmaticum, Herb. Ham. 596 |

carnosum, Schltr. 875
corymbosum, Wight 534
ovalifolium, Wight 533
reticulatum, Retz 596
tingens, Herb. Buch.-Ham.
546, 875
Cynanthillium pubescens, Blume 26
villosum, Blume 26
Cynoctonum corymbosum, Dene. 535
ovalifolium, Dene. 534
Cyrtanproma Zoll. 788
acuminata, Benth. &
Hook. f. 788
grandis, Ridley 789
megaphylla, Hemsley 788
Cyrtanpra Forst. 789
? acuminata, Wall. 788
bicolor, Jack 793
cupulata, Ridley 793
decurrens, De Vriese 792
dispar, DC. 790
falcata, Ridley 791
frutescens, Wall. 790
lanceolata, Ridley 792
oblongifolia, Hook. f. 791
pendula, Blume 792
pilosa, Blume 791
staminea, Wall. 738
suffruticosa, Ridley 971
Cyrtoceras floribundum, Maund. 562
multiflorum, Benn. 562
reflecum, Benn. 562
Cyrtophyllum fragrans, DC. 611
2 lanceolatum, DC. 608
peregrinum, Reinw. 611
Cyrtosiphonia sumatrana, Miq. 425
Cystacantuus T. And. 666
turgida, Nicholson 666

D

Datura Linn. 339
alba, Nees 340
fastuosa, Linn. 339
var. alba, Clarke 340
var. typica, Prain 340
Hummatu, Bernh. 340
Metel, Roxb. 340
Dianthera 690
leptostachya, Benth. 691
Dicalyx acuminatus, Bl. 237
javanicus, Bl. 238
odoratissimus, Bl. 233
tinctorius, Bl. 236
Diceros angustifolius, Wall. 359
longifolius, Pers. 358

Dichopsis Clarkeana, Brace 192

887

| Dichopsis Gutta, Benth. 193

Maingayi, Clarke 191
pustulata, Hemsl. 194
rubens, Clarke 195
stellata, Scortechini 198

| DicHRocEPHALA DC. 30

gracilis, DC. 31
latifolia, DC. 30
Schmidii, Wight 46
sonchifolia, DC. 31
Dicliptera ? crenata, Miq. 656

| DipIsSANDRA Clarke 738 .

atrocyanea, Ridley 741
atropurpurea, Ridley 742
filicina, Ridley 744
flammea, Ridley 742
frutescens, Clarke 740
glabrescens, Ridley 744
hirta, Ridley 740
johorica, Ridley 739
latisepala, Ridley 741
quercifolia, Ridley 743
serratifolia, Ridley 740
violacea, Ridley 742
Wrayi, Ridley 743
Dipymocarrus Wall. 744
alba, Ridley 754
var. Major, Ridley 754
albina, Ridley 751
albomarginata, Helmsley
75

alternans, Ridley 751
ascendens, Ridley 756
atrosanguinea, Ridley 758
bombycina, Ridley 759
cerulea, Ridley 769
citrina, Ridley 748
corchorifolia, R. Br. 747
cordata, Jack 771
erinita, Jack 759
var. Curtisii, Ridley 759
var. elongata, Ridley 760
crocea, Ridley 756
densifolia, Ridley 761
fasciata, Ridley 760
flava, Ridley 749
var. purpurascens,
Ridley 749
flavescens, Ridley 749
flavobrunnea, Ridley 753
frutescens, Jack 740
glabrata, Ridley 751
heterophylla, Ridley 763
hirsuta, Ridley 758
hirta, Ridley 750
hispida, Ridley 750
var. ? selangorensis,
Ridley 750
hispidula, Ridley 750
inequalis, Ridley 753
incana, Benth.& Hook.f. 769
Kompsobea, Clarke 757

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Didymocarpus lacunosa, Hook. f. 762

lilacina, Ridley 764
longipes, Clarke 753
malayana, Hook. f. 752
marginata, Clarke 755°
ophirensis, Ridley 755
parviflora, Ridley 748
pectinata, Clarke 762
perdita, Ridley 763
platypus, Clarke 757 ~
2 producta, Clarke 755
pulchella, Ridley 756
pumila, Ridley 763
puncticulata, Ridley 763
purpurea, Ridley 748
pyroliflora, Ridley 773
quinquevulnera, Ridley 758
ramosa, Ridley 749
regularis, Ridley 774
reptans, Jack 754
var. monticola,
Ridley 755
var. violascens,

Ridley 755
rugosa, Ridley 756
salicina, Ridley 761
semitorta, Clarke 768
serrata, Ridley 761
serratifolia, Ridley 761
sulphurea, Ridley 747

var. breviflora,

Ridley 748
venusta, Ridley 762
violacea, Ridley 762
viscida, Ridley 750

Dilivaria scandens, Nees 660

volubilis, Nees 660

Driospyros Linn. 207

amena, Wall. 214

apiculata, Hiern 213
areolata, King &@ Gamble 228
argentea, Griff. 221
bilocularis, Oliver 215
brachiata, King & Gamble 224
buaifolia, Hiern 210
caliginosa, Ridley 230 -
clavigera, Clarke 215
Curtisii, King & Gamble 229
decipiens, Clarke 212
discolor, Wall. 221

dumosa, King G Gamble 211

ellipsoidea, King &@ Gamble 220 |

flavicans, Hiern 212
frutescens, Hassk. 223

glomerulata, King & Gamble |
229 |

graciliflora, Hiern 211
Helferi, Clarke 218
hirsuta, Linn. f. 217

var. lucida, Hiern 217
Horsfieldii, Hiern 222
Kunstleri, King & Gamble 226

Diospyros lanceefolia, Roxb. 214, 217
lucida, Wall. 217
macrophylla, Wall. 215, 221
microphylla, Bedd. 210
multiflora, Wall. 214
nutans, King & Gamble 226
oblonga, Wall. 217
oleifolia, Wall. 224
pachyphylla, Clarke 214
paniculata, Dalz. 225
pauciflora, King & Gamble 219
penangiana, King & Gamble 227
reflexa, King d& Gamble 227
rigida, Hiern 222
rufa, King &@ Gamble 228
Scortechinii, King & Gamble 212
styraciformis, King & Gamble
216
subrhomboidea, King & Gamble
209
toposioides, King d& Gamble 223
tristis, King & Gamble 219, 230
undulata, Wall. 215, 221
vaccinioides, Wall. 210
venosa, Wall. 204
Wallichii, King & Gamble 220
Wrayi, King & Gamble 209
DipuantHeRA Banks & Solander 383
bancana, Scheffer 383
Dipiycosia Blume 70
erythrina, King & Gamble 72
heterophylla, Blume 71
lancifolia, Ridley 873
latifolia, Blume 71
microphylla, Bece. 62
Dipteracanthus Nees 648
lanceolatus, Nees 649
subdenticulatus, Miq. 649
Discuip1a Br. 580
acutifolia, Maingay 590
albida, Griff. 588
albiflora, Griff. 583
astephana, Scortechini 582
benghalensis, Colebr. 586
Brunoniana, Griff. 589
coccinea, Griff. 584
Collyris, Wall. 583
complex, Griff. 586, 875
cordifolia, King & Gamble 590
cuneifolia, Wall. 587
depressa, Clarke 582
Deschampsii, King & Gamble 593
fasciculata, Dene. 589
Gaudichaudii, Dene. 587
hirsuta, Dene. 589
lanceolata, Dene. 592
monticola, King d& Gamble 591
nummularia, Br. 587
orbicularis, Dene. 587
Rafilesiana, Wall. 585, 875
sagittata, Dene. 591
Scortechinii, King & Gamble 592

—

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Dischidia spatulata, Bl. 587
tubuliflora, King &: Gamble 592

viridescens, Griff. 585

DonicHAaNDRONE Fenzl 377

longissima, K. Sch. 378
Rheedii, Seem. 377

Doxomma rigidum, Miers 247
Dregea volubilis, Benth. 548
Duranta Plumieri, Jacq. 895
Dyera Hook. f. 442
costulata, Hook. f. 443
laxiflora, Hook. f. 444
Lowii, Hook. f. 444
Dysopnyiia Blume 710

auricularia, Bl. 710
Benthamiana, Hance 877
ramosissima, Benth. 877
verticillata, Benth. 876

EBENACE % 202
Ebermaiera angustifolia, T. And. 637

argentea, Nees 636
axillaris, Nees 636
debilis, T. And. 639
elongata, Miq. 639, 640
elongata, Nees 639

lanceolata, C. B. Clarke 636
lanceolata, Hassk. 636
lasiobotrys, Nees 640
longifolia, Nees 638
longifolia, Ridley 636
merguensis, T. And. 641
racemosa, Miq. 641
setigera, Nees 635
Staurogyne, Nees 637

var. angustifolia,

Nees 637
Staurogyne, T. And. 636

subcapitata, C. B. Clarke 635

subpaniculata, Hassk. 639
trichocephala, Miq. 635

Ticpouium Kurz 694

Linneanum, Kurz 694

EcpysANTHERA Hook. & Arn. 481

barbata, Miq. 479
brachiata, A. DC. 482

glandulifera, A. DC. 479

Grifithii, Wight 479
micrantha, A. DC. 482

multiflora, King & Gamble

482

Ecureta Linn. 41

alba, Hassk. 42

erecta, Linn. 41
marginata, Boiss. 42
parviflora, Wall. 42
prostrata, Linn. & Wall. 42
scabriuscula, Wall. 347
undulata, Wall. 42

| Echaltium piscidium, Wight 411

| Echites acuminata, Roxb. 496

affinis, Roem. & Sch. 495
antidysenterica, Roxb. 446
apoxys, Voigt 496

2 brachiata, Wall. 482
calycina, Wall. 497
caryophyllata, Roxb. 497
caudata, Burm. 469

2 cristata, Roth 496
elliptica, Wall. 485
Jrutescens, Wall. 494

? glandulifera, Wall. 479
grandis, Wall. 484
hircosa, Roxb. 450
2lucida, Wall. 476
macrocarpa, Wall. 496
macrophylla, Roxb. 484
marginata, Roxb. 496
2micrantha, Wall. 482

? monilifera, Wall. 479
Pala, Ham. 437

religiosa, Teysm. & Binn. 467

reticulata, Boj. 496
rhyncosperma, Wall. 485
scholaris, Linn. 437
verticalis, Herb. Ham. 485

|
| Enretia Linn. 283
Grigithiana, T. And. 639, 640 |

buxifolia, Roxb. 873
glabra, Roth. 280
levis, Benth. 283
levis, Roxb. 283
parallela, Clarke 284
philippinensis, DC. 283
timorensis, Dene. 283

| ELEPHANTOPUS Linn. 27

11

4a

scaber, Linn. 28

| Empetra Burm. 103

amentacea, Clarke 111

889

angulosa, King dé Gamble 110

Burmanni, Retz 105
canescens, Jack 105
coriacea, Stapf 110
coriacea, Wall. 109
dasythyrsa, Mig. 106

Gallatlyi, King & Gamble 114

garciniefolia, Wall. 105
glandulifera, Wight 105
Lampani, Scheff. 110
lucida, Wall. 114

macrocarpa, King & Gamble 114

macrophylla, Blame 109
Myrtillus, Kurz 112
oblongata, Miq. 109
paryiflora, Wall. 113
penangiana, Mez 107
pergamacea, 4. DC. 108
Ribes, Burm. 104

var. penangiana, Oliy. 108

var. rugosa, King &
Gamble 105
Ridleyi, King & Gamble 112

890

Embelia Seortechinii, King & Gamble 107
Tsjeriam-Cottam, d. DC. 112
umbellulata, Wall. 103
villosa, Wall. 111

Emiuta Cass. 38

glabra, Heyne 39

mucronata, Clarke 39

sonchifolia, DC. 38

var. minor, King &
Gamble 39
Emericia Pergularia, Roem. & Sch. 460
Enpopocon Nees 654
Ridleyi, C. B. Clarke 654

Enhydra fluctuans, Lowr. 872

EPACRIDE A 82

Epigynium malaccense, Klotzsch 67

Epicynum Wight 499

Curtisii, King d& Gamble 501
Griffthianum, Wight 500
Forbesii, King & Gamble 503
Maingayi, Hook. f. 501
perakense, King & Gamble 500
Ridleyi, King d& Gamble 502

EpitHema Blume 783

saxatile, Blume 784
ERANTHEMUM R. Br. 674
acuminatissimum, Miq. 679
album, Nees 677
Andersoni, Masters 679
aspersum, Hook. 679
Blumei, Hassk. 679
Blumei, Hort. Brit. 679
Blumei, Miq. 679
breviflos, C. B. Clarke 676
caudifolium, C. B. Clarke 676
crenulatum, Nees 676, 677,
678, 679
var. grandiflora,
T. And. 673
diantherum, B1. 679
diversifolium, Mig. 677
elegans, Masters 679
erectum, 7’. And. 678
graciliflorum, Nees 680
hirtipistillum, C. B. Clarke
675, 680
Kingii, C. B. Clarke 679
malaccense, C. B. Clarke
676, 678
palatiferum, Bot. Mag. 678
porphyranthos, C. B. Clarke
675

var. evolutior, C. B.
Clarke 676
selangorense, C. B. Clarke
677
Teijsmanni, T. And. 679
viscidum yar. acuminatissi-
mum, Hassk. 679
Zollingerianum, Nees 677
ERICACEA 68
Erigeron falcatum, Don 36

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Erigeron linifolius, Willd. 872
molle, Don 35
pyrifolius, Benth. 31
Erinus bilabiatus, Roxb. 345
Ervatamia Stapf 447
coronaria, Stapf 450
corymbosa, King & Gamble 448
var. Kelsalli, King
& Gamble 449
var. pubescens, King
dé Gamble 449
Curtisii, King &. Gamble 453
cylindrocarpa, King & Gamble
452 -
hirta, King & Gamble 449
malaccensis, King & Gamble 452
peduncularis, King & Gamble
451
polyneura, King & Gamble 454
EryciBE Roxb. 287
enea, Prain 295
albida, Prain 294
angulata, Prain 291
angustifolia, Hallier f. 294
camptobotrya, Miq. 290
coriacea, Kurz 290
expansa, Wall. 289
ferruginosa, Griff. 290
festiva, Prain 292
glomerata, Bl. 294
var. longifolia, Bl. 295
var. typica, Bl. 294
Griffithii, Clarke 295
leucoxyloides, King 292
macrophylla, Hallier f. 292
magnifica, Prain 289
Maingayi, Clarke 295
malaccensis, Clarke 291
micrantha, Hallier f. 295
paniculata, Choisy B expansa 290
paniculata, Miq. 292
precipua, Prain 294
Princei, Wall. 290
sapotacea, Hallier f. & Prain 293
Stapfiana, Prain 293
strigosa, Prain 288
Erythracanthus elongatus, Nees 639
Grifithianus, Nees 640
obtusus, Wight 640
racemosus, Nees 641
Ethulia integrifolia, Don 31
Eupatorium celebicum, Blume 26
javanicum, Blume 26
menthefolium, Wall. 26
scandens, Linn. 30
Euthodon paniculata, Griff. 463
Evonvuuvs Linn. 297
alsinoides, Linn. 298
angustifolius, Roxb. 298
hederaceus, Barm. 305
hirsutus, Lamk. 298
linifolius, Linn. 298

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Evolvulus sericeus, Wall. 298
tridentatus, Linn. 304

Exacum Linn. 87
chironioides, Griseb. 87
diffusum, Willd. 89
Horsfieldianum, Miq. 87
pedunculare, Arn. 88
pedunculatum, Linn. 87, 873
stylosum, Griseb. 87
sulcatum, C. B. Clarke 87
sulcatum, Roxb. 87
tetragonum var. 6 stylosa, C. B.

Clarke 87, 873

tetragonum, Vidal 87

F |

Facrma Thunb. 603
appendiculata, Blume 609
auricularia, Benth. 605
auriculata, Jack 605
Blumei, Steud. 606
carnosa, Jack 604
celebica, Blume 606
coarctata, Blume 609
coromandeliana, Wt. 606
crassifolia, Blume 606
crenulata, Maing. 610
Curtisii, King & Gamble 605
cuspidata, Blume 609
fragrans, Roxb. 611
globosa, Wall. 606
imperialis, Mig. 605
lanceolata, Blume 607
_anceolata, Wall. 608 |
ligustrina, Blume 609
Maingayi, Clarke 608
malabarica, Blume 606
morindefolia, Blume 609
oblonga, King d& Gamble 612
obovata, Wall. 606

obovato-javana, Blume 606
peregrina, Blume 611
racemosa, Jack 608 |
var. pauciflora, King ¢: |
Gamble 609
Ridleyi, King & Gamble 612
robusta, Blume 609 |
Thwaitesii, F. Muell. 609
tubulosa, Blume 604
vaginata, King & Gamble 610
volubilis, Jack 609
Wallichiana, Benth. 607
Ferreola buxifolia, Roxb. 206_
Finet1a Mig. 669
africana, Lindau 670
bracteosa, C. B. Clarke 670
‘costulata, Mig. 670

paniculata, C. B. Clarke 670
Ridleyi, C. B. Clarke 671
Scortechinii, C. B. Clarke 671

891

Fiyuaysonia Wall. 512
obovata, Wall 513
Flemingia grandiflora, Rottler 601

G

GaERTNERA Lamk. 622
acuminata, Benth. 624
grisea, Hook. f. 625
Junghuhnii, Mig. 624
Kenigii, Wight 625
var. oxyphylla, Clarke
623
obesa, Hook f. 624
var. angustifolia, King
& Gamble 624
oblanceolata, Kingdé Gamble624
Pongati, Retz 58
viminea, Hook. f. 623
GavLTHERIa Linn. 68
fragrans, Don 69
fragrantissima, Wall. 69
Leschenaultii, DC. 69
leucocarpa, Blume 70
ovalifolia, Wall. 69
punctata, Blume 69
Gendarussa Adhatoda, Hassk. 689
Neesiana, Wall. 684
quadrifaria, Nees 684
? sumatrana, Miq. 688
vasculosa, Nees 687
vulgaris, Nees 686
GentantTuus Hook. f. 524
Blumei, King & Gamble 527
Maingayi, Hook. f. 525
Ridleyi, King & Gamble 526
rufo-velutinus, King & Gamble
526
GENTIANACE 86
GESNERACE 730
Gevns14 Blume 800
Beccariana, Briquet 802
Cumingiana, Rolfe 801
farinosa, Blume 800
Havilandii, King d& Gamble 801
Glossanthus (?) grandiflora, Benth. 786
GMELINA Linn. 923
asiatica, Linn. 923
asiatica, Wall. 925
coromandeliana, Burm, 924
Hystrix, Schultes 923
inermis, Blanco 924
lobata, Gaertn. 924
parviflora, Roxb. 924
parvifolia, Roxb. 924
villosa, Roxb. 924

Goldfussia bibracteata, Nees 656

GomPHosTEMMA Wall. 722
erinitum, Wall. 723
var. Griffithii,
Prain 724

892 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Gomphostemma crinitum, var. typica,
Prain 724
Curtisii, Prain 725
Mastersii, Benth. 878
membranifolium, Miq. 722
microcalyx, Prain 723
oblongum, Wall. 725
ovatum, Wall. 878
parviflorum, Benth. 724
parviflorum, Wall. 723
Scortechinii, Prain 724
GoncGronemMA Dene. 541
bracteolatum, King & Gamble |
543

Curtisii, King & Gamble 542 |

Wallichii, Dene. 542
Wrayi, King & Gamble 543
GonayLosperMA King & Gamble 510
Curtisii, King & Gamble
510
GontostemmMa Wight 523
acuminatum, Wight 524
GOODENOVIE# 49
Grangea latifolia, Lam. 31
maderaspatana, Poir. 872
GRAPTOPHYLLUM Nees 694
pictum, Griff. 695
hortense, Nees 695
Gratiola amara, Roxb. 359
TED. Pers. 350
aspera, Roth 356
ciliata, Colsm. 361
cordifolia, Vahl 358
goodeniefolia, Hornem, 343
lucida, Vahl 356
marginata, Colsm. 361
Monnieria, Linn. 361
pusilla, Willd. 357
racemosa, Roth 361
racemosa, Roxb. 361
Roxburghii, Roem. & Sch. 362
verbenefolia, Colsm. 361
veronicefolia, Retz 361
Grenacheria amentacea, Mez 112
Lampani, Mez 111
Wallichiana, Mez 111
Grumilea aurantiaca, Miq. 19
Junghuhniana, Miq. 6
polycarpa, Miq. 10
Gumira fetida, Hassk. 815
GYMNANTHERA Br. 514
insularum, King ¢: Gamble
514
GyMNEMA Br. 538
acuminatum, Wall. 539
aurantiaca, Wall. 596
hirsutum, Wall. 554
laetiferum, Br. 539
var. nitens, Hook.f. 539
Maingayi, Hook. f. 540
malayanum, Griff. 540
nitens, Bl. 540

Gymnena sagittatum, Wall. 546
tingens, Wight 540
yar. cordifolia, Wight
541

| Tallichti, Wight 542, 555
ee Dene. 539
| GymnosTacnyum Nees 660
decurrens, Stapf 661
diversifolium, C.B.Clarke
662
hirtistylum, C. B. Clarke
66

3
Knoxiifolium, C.B. Clarke
663

magis-nervatum, C. B.
Clarke 663
?magnum, C. B. Clarke
664
pallens, C..B. Clarke 662
polyneuron, C. B. Clarke
662
Ridleyi, C. B. Clarke 662
? Seortechinii, C. B.
Clarke $64
simplicicaule, C.B.Clarke
66

| Gynopogon lanceolatum, Kurz 426
| stellatum, Kurz 421
Gynura Cass. 39
bicolor, DC. 40
Finlaysoniana, DC. 40
sarmentosa, DC. 39

H

| Halodendron Thouarsti, Roem. & Sch. 868
| | Haplanthus tener, Nees 666
| Helygia javanica, Blume 457
| Heligme javanica, Blume 457
| Rheedii, Wight 457
Wee acpi indicum, DC. 282
velutinum, DC, 282
eecaoueeetene Linn. 381
| anisophyllum, Beauy. 282
brevifolium, Wall. 282
compactum, Don 282
indicum, Linn. 281
strigosum Willd. 282
| Hemiadelphis polysperma, Nees 644
| Hemrprsmus Br. 511
| indicus, Br. 512
| Wallichii, Miq. 512
HeEMIGRAPHIS Nees 651
alternata, T. And. 653
- confinis, Ridley 652
confinis, 7’. And. 652
| Decaisneana, T. And. 653
hirsuta, 7’. And. 653
platycarpos, C. B. Clarke
653

| Ridleyi, C. B. Clarke 652

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Henckelia crinita, Spreng. 759
Ffrutescens, Spreng. 740
reptans, Spreng. 755
Herpestis Gaertn. f. 351
amara, Benth. 359
javanica, Bl. 344
lanuginosa, Bl. 345
Monnieria, H. B. &. K. 351
ovata, Benth. 353
polygonoides, Benth. 352
pulcherrima, Griff. 348
pygmea, Griff. 348, 349, 874
rugosa, Roth 347
spathulata, Bl. 351
HerrrostemMa W. & A. 556
alatum, Wight 558
chrysanthum, 558
fimbriatum, King &
Gamble 558
piperifolium, King &
Gamble 557
var. cordatum, King
_ & Gamble 558
Hewrrtia W. & A. 300
bicolor, Wight 300
cespitosa, Steud. 305
Hippia bicolor, Smith 31
HonarrHena Br. 445
antidysenterica, Wall. 445
Codaga, G. Don. 445
Curtisii, King d& Gamble
446
malaccensis, Wight 446
pubescens, Wall. 446
Holmskiéldia sanguinea, Hetz 795
Hornemannia bicolor, Willd. 343
ovata, Link & Otto 356
prostrata, Jacq. 356
Hottonia sessiliflora, Vahl 359
Hoya Br. 559
Brunoniana, Wight 574
campanulata, Blume 578
.caudata, Hook. f. 568
cinnamomifolia, Hook. 573
coriacea, Blume 573
coriacea, Lindl. 562
coronaria, Blume 566
Curtisii, King & Gamble 563
diversifolia, Blume 570
elliptica, Hook. f. 565
Finlaysonii, Wight 574
Forbesii, King & Gamble 574
grandiflora, Blume 567
Hookeriana, Wight 572
imperialis, Lindl. 564
lacunosa, Blume 569
lasiantha, Korth. 562
latifolia, G. Don 568
macrophylla, Wight 569
~ Maingayi, Hook. f. 571
multiflora, Blume 561
obtusifolia, Wight 563

893

Hoya orbiculata, Wall. 571
ovalifolia, Wall. 577
pallida, Lindl. 572
parasitica, Wall. 572
parviflora, Wight 576
plicata, King d& Gamble 578
polystachya, Blume 569
revoluta, Wight 577
Ridleyi, King & Gamble 575
Scortechinii, King & Gamble 567
splendens, Maingay 565
Teysmanniana, Miq. 564
velutina, Wight 567
viridijlora, Br. 548
Wrayi, King & Gamble 579
Hunteria Roxb. 425
2 atroviridis, Wall. 401
2 coriacea, Wall. 415
corymbosa, Roxb. 426
2 cuspidata, Wall. 412
2lanccolata, Wall. 426
Roxburghiana, Wight 426
zeylanica, Gardn. 426
Hyprouea Linn. 276
javanica, Blume 277
zeylanica, Vahl 277
HYDROPHYLLACE 275
Hyeropuina R. Br. 643
angustifolia, R. Br. 644
hirsuta, Roxb. 646
lancea, Miq. 645
longifolia, Kurz 647
longifolia, Nees 647
meianthos, C. B. Clarke 645
obovata, Griff. 646
obovata, Wight 645
phlomoides, Nees 646
var. Roxburghii, C. B.
Clarke 646
Hygrophila phlomoides, Wall. 646, 875
polysperma, 7’. And. 644
pusilla, Blame 645
quadrivalvis, Nees 645
radicans, Nees 646
salicifolia, Nees 644
var. assurgens,
C. B. Clarke
646
saxatilis, Ridley 645
spinosa, 7. And. 646
stricta, Lindau 648
subsessilis, C. B. Clarke 646
undulata, Blume 646
Hyporsres R. Br. 697
cephalotes, Link 672
Decaisneana, Nees 697
laxiflora, Nees 697
malaccensis, Wight 697
rosea, Dene. 697
salicifolia, O. Kuntze 696
Hypris Jacq. 704
brevipes, Poit. 704

894 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Hyptis capitata, Jacq. 704{
graveolens, 702, 876
suaveolens, Poit. 705, 709

IcHNocarpus Br. 493
afinis, Hook. f. & Th. 495
dasycalyx, Miq. 494
frutescens, dit. 493
latifolius, Herb. Ham. 495
ovatifolius, A. DC. 494
radicans, Wall. 494
Troma Linn. 310

acetosefolia, Roem. & Sch. 316

anceps, Roem. & Sch. 308

angularis, Choisy 303

angustifolia, Clarke 304

aquatica, Forsk. 316

Batatas, Lamk. 313

bicolor, Sweet 300

bifida, Roth 306

biloba, Forsk. 315

Blumei, Steud. 304

bona-noxz, Linn. 320

bracteata, Blume 300

cairica, Sweet 312

caliginosa, Choisy 306

campanulata, Linn. 314

yar. illustris, Clarke

carnosa, R. Br. 316
Catesbei, G. F. W. Mey. 313
coccinea, Clarke 318
congesta, Prain 312
cymosa, Baker 314
cymosa, Roem. & Sch. 306
var. culta, Prain 307
dentata, Willd. 305
denticulata, Choisy 314
denticulata, R. Br. 304
digitata, Linn. 313
eriosperma, Beauy. 313
jilicaulis, Blume 304
gossypifolia, Willd. 313
grandiflora, Lamk. 320
Heynei, Roem. & Sch. 306
Heynei, Wall. 317
illustris, Prain 314
insignis, Andr. 313
lanceolata, G. Don 301
Leari, Pazt. 312
linifolia, Bl. 305
littoralis, Bl. 314
littoralis, Boiss. 316
longifolia, Benth. 316
mammosa, Hallier f. 317
maritima, R. Br. 315
martinicensis, Mez 301
mauritiana, Jacq. 313
nicobarica, Kurz 315

_Ipomea noctiflora, Griff. 320
nympheifolia, Bl. 306
Olanda, Sweet 306
| palmata, Clarke 312
palmata, Forsk. 312
paniculata, Burm. 302
paniculata, R. Br. 312
parviflora, Pers. 302
peltata, Choisy 306
| Pes-Capre, Roth 315
| Pes-Tigridis, Linn. 311
| petaloidea, Choisy 307
| var. andamanica, Prain
307
phenicea, Roxb. 318
platensis, Ker-Gawl. 313
pulchella, Roth 312
Quamoclit, Linn. 310
repens, Roth 316
reptans, Poir. 316
Riedeliana, Oliv. 307
| Rothii, Roem. & Sch. 306
Roxburghti, Steud. 320
Rumphii, Miq. 306
sagittefolia, Burm. 317
sepiaria, Koen. 317
setulosa, Zoll. & Mor. 305
staphylina, Roem. d& Sch. 317
striata, Poir. 305
striata, Roth 317
subdentata, Mig. 314, 316
subtriflora, Zoll. & Mor. 305
tridentata, Roth 304
triloba, Linn. 315
triquetra, Roem. & Sch. 308
tuberosa, G. F. W. Mey. 313
tuberosa, Linn. 309
Turpethum, R. Br. 308
umbellata, Mez 307
uniflora, Roem. & Sch. 301
vitifolia, Sweet 303
Wallichti, Steud. 308
Weinmannii, Roem. & Sch. 300
Isanthera parviflora, Ridley 787
IscHnostEmMA King & Gamble 532
carnosum, Merr. d& Rolfe
875
selangorica, King & Gamble
53

Isochoriste javanica, Miq. 668
IsonanpRA Wight 165
dasyphylla, Miq. 174
Gutta, Hook. 193
var. oblongifolia, de
Vriese 193
var. sumatrana, Miq. 193
hexandra, Griff. 197
Motleyana, de Vriese 187
obovata, Griff. 190
perakensis, King & Gamble 166
polyandra, Wight 172
rufa, King & Gamble 166

—smrOrrrree eo ee

wae Pe a

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Isonandra xanthochyma, de Vriese 195
Isotoma longiflora, Presl. 53

JacguEmontia Choisy 301
paniculata, Hallier f. 302
Jasminum Linn. 255
adenophyllum, Wall. 261
bifarium, Wall. 260
var. glabra, Clarke 261
bracteatum, Wall. 261
cauliflorum, Scort. 263
Curtisii, King & Gamble 259
decussatum, Wall. 260
fragrans, Salish. 257
Griffithii, Clarke 257
var. cuspidata, King
& Gamble 257
hirsutum, Willd. 126
insigne, Blume 263
Lessertianum, A. DC. 261
longipetalum, King & Gamble
262

Maingayi, Clarke 258
var. kedahensis, King
& Gamble 258
nummularoides, Blume 261

pubescens, Wall. 257
quinqueflorum, Heyne 257
Sambac, Ait. 258
sarawacense, King & Gamble 264
Scortechinii, King & Gamble 264
smilacifolium, Griff. 262
undulatum, Willd. 257
Wrayi, King & Gamble 258
var. axillaris, King &
= Gamble 259
var. hispida, King &
Gamble, 259
Zambac, Roxb. 257
zeylanicum, Burm. 451
Justicia Linn. 680
Adhatoda, Linn. 689
alba, Roxb. 677
alternifolia, C. B. Clarke 686 |

andrographioides, C. B. Clarke 692 |

brunelloides, Lam. 653

conspicua, Dayd.-Jacks. 682 |

conspicua, Wall. 674

diffusa, Prain 689

flaccida, Kurz 688

fulgida, Bl. 680

Gendarussa, Linn. f. 686

henicophylla, C. B. Clarke 685
var. caudata, C. B.

Clarke 685
var. scandens, C. B.
Clarke 685

895

Justicia hirsuta, Vahl 653
laxiflora, Bl. 698
Maingayi, C. B. Clarke 687
Neesiana, 7’. And. 684
nutans, Burm. 690
orbiculata, Wall. 677, 678
otophora, C. B. Clarke 686
paniculata, Burm. 666
parasitica, Lam. 738
patulinervis, C. B. Clarke 683
polysperma, Roxb. 644
procumbens, Linn. 688
ptychostoma, Nees 682, 683, 875
var. angustifolia, C.
B. Clarke 682
var. auriculata, C. B.
Clarke 682
var. parvibracteata,
C. B. Clarke
683
var. rotundifolia, C.
B. Clarke
682
pubiflora, C. B. Clarke 683
quadrifaria, Wall. 684
Roxburghiana, Blume 696
salicifolia, Blume 696
salicifolia, 7. And. 695
Scortechinii, C. B. Clarke 683
selangorensis, C. B. Clarke 684
stricta, Vahl 648
subalternans, C. B. Clarke 685
subeymosa, C. B. Clarke 683
sumatrana, C. B. Clarke 688
uber, C. B. Clarke 688
vasculosa, Wall. 687, 690
Zollingeriana, C. B. Clarke 684

K

Kentia morindefolia, Steud. 609
Keratephorus Leeriit, Hassk. 171
Wightii, Hassk. 172
Wightti, Maing. 181
Kwoxia Linn. 870

| Kopsta Blume 429

fruticosa, 4. DC. 430
var. albiflora,
Gamble 431
Griffithii, King & Gamble 432
var. paucinervia, King &
Gamble 432
larutensis, King & Gamble 432
macrophylla, Hook. f. 434
pauciflora, Hook. f. 431
Ridleyana, King d& Gamble 433
Scortechinii, Kiny d- Gamble 431
Kuhlia morindefolia, Reinw. 609 =

King &

896 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

LABIATA 699
Lapista Lindl. 115 |
alata, N. K. Brown 116-
longistvla, King & Gamble 117
paucifolia, King & Gamble 117
pothoina, Lindl. 116
pothoina, N. EK. Brown 116
pumila, Benth. dé Hook. f. 115
var. alata, Scheff. 116
var. lanceolata, Scheff. 116
Lactaria salubris, Rumph. 429
Lactuca napifolia, DC. 48
Lagaropyxis gigantea, Miq. 381
glandulosa, Miq. 380
Laceera Schultz-Bip. 36
flava, Benth. 36
Lantana Linn. 795
aculeata, Linn. 796
alba, Schauer 796
Camara, Linn. 797
collina, Dene. 796
dubia, Wall. 796
indica, Roxb. 796
repens, Spreng. 798
salvifolia, Jacq. 796
sarmentosa, Spreng. 798
Lavenia alba, Wall. 29
carnosa, Wall. 29
erecta, Wall. 29
fastigiata, Blume 29
macrophylla, Blume 29
parviflora, Blume 29
rugosa, DC. 29
viscida, DC. 29
Lepa C. B. Clarke 690
andrographioides, C. B. Clarke 692
debilis, C. B. Clarke 691
? densiflora, C. B. Clarke 691
obovata, C. B. Clarke 691
radicans, C. B. Clarke 692
subcordata, C. B. Clarke 691
LENTIBULARIACE 366
Leonoris R. Br. 716
nepetifolia, R. Br. 717
Lronvrvs Linn. 720
indicus, Burm. 720
Marrubiastrum, Burm. 719
sibiricus, Linn. 720
tataricus, Burm. 721
Lrpapantuus Ridley 782
flexuosa, Ridley 782
Leripacatuis Willd. 671
cephalotes, O. Kuntze 672
chlorostachya, Nees 672
hyalina, Nees 672
incurva, D. Don 672
longifolia, Wight 672, 673
macrantha, C. B. Clarke
675

Lrpistemon Blume 309
flavescens, Blume 309
leiocalyx, Stapf 310
Wallichii, Choisy 309

LeprapentA R. Br. 595
appendiculata, Dene. 596

Leptadenia brevipes, Wight 596
imberbis, Wight 596
reticulata, W. G A. 595

| Leptostachya, Nees 691

Leptostemma fasciculatum, Blume 589
hirsutum, Blume 589
lanceolatum, Blume 592

Letrsomia Roxb. 321

adpressa, Miq. 334
capitata, Miq. 322

Championi, Benth. & Hook. f.

320
Curtisii, Prain 325
Kunstleri, Prain 327
Maingayi, Clarke 323
peguensis, Clarke 322
penangiana, Miq. 325
var. reticulata, Prain
325
Ridleyi, Prain 324
var. velutina, Prain

rubicunda, Clarke 326
Scortechinii, Prain 326
spherocephala, Prain 323
strigosa, Roxb. 322, 323
sumatrana, Miq. 317
Levcas R. Br. 717
aspera, Hook. f. 719
bancana, Miq. 719
dimidiata, Benth. 719
involucrata, Benth. 719
lavandulefolia, Smith 719
linifolia, Spr. 720
malayana, Hance 719
martinicensis, B. Br. 718
nutans, Benth. 719
polycephala, Wall. 718
zeylanica, R. Br. 718
Levuconoris Jack 407
cuspidata, Blume 408
elasticus, Becc. 410
eugenifolius, A. DC. 407
Griffithii, Hook. f. 409
Maingayi, Dyer 408
Levucorocon Br. 83
malayanus, Jack 83
var. moluccana, Kurz
84

Leucothoe (?) Katagherensis, DC. 69
Leucoxylum buxifolium, Blume 210
LimnantHEemum S. P. Gmel. 91
cristatum, Griseb. 873
parvifolium, Griseb. 91
LimnopuHina R. Br. 346 q
balsamea, Benth. 348

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Limnophila campanuloides, Benth. 600
erecta, Benth. 349
gratioloides var. myriophyl-

loides, Benth. 351
eratissima, Bl. 349
Grifithii, Hook. £. 350
heterophylla, Benth. 350
var. reflexa, Hook. f. 350
hirsuta, Benth. 348
javanica, A. DC. 349
laxa, Benth. 348
Menthastrum, Benth. 347
micrantha, Benth. 347
pulcherrima, Hook. f£. 348
punctata, Bl. 350
pygmea, Hook. f. 349
reflexa, Benth. 350
Roxburghii, G. Don 347
sessiliflora, Blume 350, 874
sesstliflora, Griff. 351
villosa, Bl. 348
Lindernia japonica, Thunb. 343
Linocrera Swartz. 266
caudata, King & Gamble 268
insignis, Clarke 268
lancifolia, Ridley 873
macrocarpa, King & Gamble 267
monticola, Blume 269
paludosa, King & Gamble 268
pauciflora, Clarke 266
Lrerra Linn. 797
nodiflora, Wichx. 797
Loseruta Linn. 52
affinis, Wall. 52
Frutescens, Linn. 51
Heyneana, Blume 53
Plumieri, Burm. 51
subcuneata, Mig. 52
succulenta, Blume 53
Taccada, Gaertn. 51
zeylanica, Wall. 53

Lobophyllum tetrandrum, F. Muell. 284

Lochnera rosea, Reichb. 390

Lodhra rubiginosa, Miers 248

LOGANIACE® 598

Loxocarrus Br. 768
alata, A. DC. 769
cexrulea, Ridley 769
incana, R. Br. 769
semitorta, Ridley 769

Loxonia ? alata, Wall. 769

Lozotis intermedia, Benth. 783

obliqua, R. Br. 783 ~
Lysionotus longijlora, Bl. 734

M
Masa Forst. 202

buxifolia, Pers. 206
Clarkeana, King d& Gamble 205

897

| Maba cordata, Hiern 228

Cumingiana, A. DC. 206
Ebenus, Wight 206
guineensis, A. DC. 206
Hierniana, King & Gamble 203
littorea, Br. 206
madagascariensis, A. DC. 205
merguensis, Hiern 204
neilgherrensis, Wight 206
olivacea, King & Gamble 204
perakensis, Ning & Gamble 205
Smithiana, A. DC. 206
venosa, IKing & Gamble 203
Masa Forsk. 94
acuminata, DC. 97
floribunda, Scheff. 96
glabra, DC. 97
impressinervis, King & Gamble 97
indica, Wall. 99
Korthalsiana, Scheff. 96
lanceolata, Don 97
macrothyrsa, Wig. 95
missionis, DC. 97
ovata, A. DC. 97
pahangiana, King d& Gamble 98
ramentacea, Wall. 96
striata, Mez 98
sumatrana, Scheff. 97
Marrubium indicum, Burm. 715
odoratissimum, Burm. 715
Marspenta Br. 544
monostachya, Wall. 546
thyrsiflora, Hook. f. 546
tinctoria, Br. 545, 547
Scortechinii, King &Gamble 546
volubilis, 7’. Cooke 547
Mazvus Lour. 343
bicolor, Benth. 343
rugosus, Lour. 343
vandellioides, Hance 343
Metopinus Forst. 410
citriformis, King @ Gamble 413
coriaceus, Oliver 413
micranthus, Hook. f. 413
monogynus, Roxb. 411
orientalis, Blume 412
perakensis, King & Gamble 414
Meninia turgida, Hook. 666 -
Mentua Linn. 710
arvensis, Thw. 711
yar. javanica, Hook. f.711
auricularia, Blanco 709
auricularia, Linn. 710
Cablin, Blanco, 709
fetida, Burm. 710
javanica, Blwme 710
sativa, Roxb. 711
stellata, Lour. 877
verticillata, Roxb. 877

| Merremra Dennst. 302

cespitosa, Hallier f. 304

898 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Merremia convolvulacea, Dennst. 305
crispatula, Prain 307
var. andamanica,
Prain 307
hastata, Hallier f. 303
hederacea, Hallier f. 305
mammosa, Hallier {. 307
nympheifolia, Hallier £. 305
Riedeliana, Hallier f. 307
tridentata, Hallier f. 304
umbellata, Hallier f. 306
var. occidentalis,
Hallier f. 307
vitifolia, Hallier f. 303
platypeltis, Prain 307
Michelia spinosa, Amman. 824
MicrEecuires Miq. 503
elliptica, Hook. f. 505
* var. Scortechinii, King &
Gamble 503
polyantha, Miq. 504
Microetossa DC. 31
volubilis,@DC. 31
Microrpuium C. B. Clarke 88
pubescens, C. B. Clarke 88
Mixania Willd. 30
chenopodifolia, 30
scandens, Willd. 30
volubilis, Willd. 30
Miuuineronia Linn. f. 384
hortensis, Linn. f. 384
Mimulus hirsutus, Bl. 355
javanicus, Bl. 356
Mimusors Linn. 199
andamanensis, King & Gamble
2
2 attenuata, Wall. 164
Balata, Gaertn. f. 201
Balota, Blume 201
Bojeri, A. DC. 201
Browniana, Benth. 201
dissecta, R. Br. 201
Elengi, Linn. 199
Hookeri, A. DC. 201
Kauki, Linn. 200
obtusifolia, Blume 200
Minyranthes heterophylla, Turez. 41
MirrasacmMe Labill. 599
capillaris, Wall. 599
malaccensis, Wight 600
polymorpha, R. Br. 599
trinervis, Spanoghe 600
Mirreova Linn. 98
inconspicua, Zoll. & Mor. 599
oldenlandioides, Wall. 598
paniculata, Wall. 599
Mogorium Sambac, Lamk. 257
undulatum, Lamk. 257
Monarda zeylanica, Burm. 715
Monopuyiuma R. Br. 884
glabra, Ridley 885

Horsfieldii, R. Br. 885

Monophyllea patens, Ridley 885
MONOTROPEA‘ 81
Moorcroftia penangiana, Choisy 325
Morgania aspera, Spreng. 356
lucida, Spreng. 356
Myriogyne minuta, Less. 46
Myrmecodia echinata, Gaudich. 871
MYRSINACEA) 93
Myrsine Linn. 100
avenis, A. DC. 100
capitellata, Wall. var. avenis,
Clarke 101, 103
Myrtillus, Hook. 113
perakensis, King & Gamble 102
Porteriana, Wall. 101
umbellulata, A. DC. 102
Wrayi, King & Gamble 102
Myxopyrum Blume 272 -
nervosum, Blume 272

N

Nama zeylanica, Linn. 277
Nexsonia R. Br. 633
brunelloides, O. Kuntze 633
campestris, R. Br. 633
hirsuta, Roem. & Sch. 653
tomentosa, Nees 633
Nemodon sp. 309
Nepeta amboinica, Linn. f. 715
disticha, Blume 715
indica, Linn. 715
malabarica, Linn. 716
Nerium caudatum, Lamk. 469
caudatum, Roxb. 470
divaricatum, Linn. 451
Oleander, Linn. 390
piscidium, Roxb. 421
NEUROPELTIS Wall. 296
bracteata, Griff. 297
intermedia, Griff. 297
ovata, Wall. 297
racemosa, Wall. 297
Nicandra indica, Roem. & Sch. 339
Nicorrana Linn. 340
Tabacum, Linn. 340
Nomapuita Blume 647
corymbosa, Blume 648
minor, C. B. Clarke 648
stricta, Nees 647, 648
Norrista Gardn. 601
major, Solereder 602
malaccensis, Gardn. 602
var. pubescens,
King & Gamble 602
Nyctanthes Arbor-tristis, Linn. 255
Sambac, Linn. 257
undulatum, Linn. 257
Nycteristition lanceolatum, Blume 159

Acs

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 899

Palaquium Herveyi, King & Gamble 197
O hexandrum, King d& Gamble
197
Maingayi, King & Gamble 191
borbonica, Gmel. 428 malaccense, Pierre 193
salubris, Blume 429 microphyllum, King &
Ociuum Linn. 700 | Gamble 196
Basilicum, Linn. 702, 709 oblongifolium, Burck 193
grandiflorum, Blume 704 | obovatum, King d& Gamble
gratissimum, Linn. 702 189
inodorum, Burm. 701 Ottolanderi, Koord. & Val. 191
longiflorum, Ham. 704 | Oxleyanum, Burek 194
monachorum, Linn. 701 Oxleyanum, Pierre 194
sanctum, Linn. 701 var. glabrata,
tenuiflorum, Linn. 701 King & Gamble 194

Ocurosta Juss. 428

Oianthus urceolatus, Benth. 558
OLEACE® 254
Oxea Linn. 269

Ridleyi, King é& Gamble 196
stellatum, King d: Gamble 198
xanthochymum, Pierre 194

ardisioides, King & Gamble 271 | Palmia bicolor, Kind. 300

dentata, Wall. 269 | ParaBpa@a Ridley 769

maritima, Wall. 270 cerulea, Ridley 772

? pauciflora, Wall. 267 campanulata, Ridley 771

platycarpa, King d& Gamble 271 capitata, Ridley 773

OpreRcuuiIna Manso 307 | var. oblongifolia,

peltata, Hallier f. 306 Ridley 773
tuberosa, Meissn. 308 cordata, Ridley 771
Turpethum, Manso 308 var. debilis, Ridley

OrcHabocaRPa Ridley 781 771
lilacina, Ridley 781 var. ophirensis,
Orchipeda feetida, Blume 483 Ridley 771

OROBANCHACE® 364 Curtisii, Ridley 775
Orobanche acaulis, Roxb. 365 ferruginea, Ridley 773
pedunculata, Roxb. 365 laxa, Ridley 774
Oroxyium Vent. 376 obovata, Ridley 775
indicum, Vent. 376 ‘polita, Ridley 774
OrtTHOSIPHON Benth. 703 pyroliflora, Ridley 772
stamineus, Benth. 703 | regularis, Ridley 773
Orthostemon erectum, R. Br. 89 Scortechinii, Ridley 772
Hugeliit, DC. 89 vulpina, Ridley 774

OsMANTHUs Lour. 265 PaRAMERIA Benth. 478

Scortechinii, King & Gamble
265

densiflora, Oliv. 480
glandulifera, Benth. 478

yar. oblonga, | polyneura, Hook. f. 479
King & Gamble 266 | ParapHtomis Prain 721
Otostemma lacunosum, Blume 570 | rugosa, Prain 721
Ovieda mitis, Burm. 840 Parapottsia 463
Oxystelma carnosum, R. Br. 875 Parsonsia Br. 455
acuminata, Wall. 457
barbata, Bl. 479 ‘
P curvisepala, K. Schum. 458
Kunstleri, King &@ Gamble 457
PasaneLia DC. 382 | oblonga, Wall. 457
multijuga, DC. 382 ovata, Wall. 463
Rheedii, Wight 383 pauciflora, Wall. 457
Pataguium Blanco 189 penangiana, King & Gamble

bancanum, Burck 195
Clarkeanum, King & Gamble
191

458
spiralis, Wall. 456
stenocarpa,King & Gamble 458

formosum, Pierre 193
Gutta, Burck 192
var. oblongifolia,
King & Gamble 193

| Payvena A. DC. 167

costata, King 173
Croixiana, Pierre 170
dasyphylla, Pierre 173

900

Payena dasyphylla var. glabrata, King &
Gamble 174
Grifithii, Kurz 197
Havilandi, King & Gamble 169
Leerii, Benth. & Hook. f. 170
longipedunculata, Brace 169
Lowiana, Pierre 173
lucida, 4. DC. 171
yar. nigra, King & Gamble
173
var. Wightii, Clarke 172
lucida, MS. 173.
Maingayi, Clarke 168
malaccensis, Clarke 181
obtusifolia, King & Gamble 175
polyandra, Benth. & Hook. f. 172
selangorica, King d: Gamble 175
sessilis, King & Gamble 174
PEDALINEA 385
Prentanura, Blume 509
Khasiana, Kurz 509
sumatrana, Blume 509
PENTAPHRAGMA Wall. 54
begoniefolium, Wall. 55
Ridleyi, King d Gamble
57

Scortechinii, King d:
Gamble 55
var. flocculosa,
King & Gamble 56
var. parvifolia,
King & Gamble
56
PENTAPTERYGIUM Klotzsch 60
Scortechinii, King &
Gamble 60
PENTASACME Wall. 537
caudatum, Wall. 537
Pentsteira racemosa, Griff. 355
Prrcunaria Linn. 548, 875
exilis, Spreng. 554
glabra, Linn. 560
minor, Andr. 549
puberula, Jliq. 549
tinctoria, Spreng. 546
Periploca indica, Willd. 512
Peristeira paniculata, Griff. 356
PrRIstTROPHE Nees 695
acuminata, Nees 696
angustifolia, Nees 695
Blumeana, Hassk. 696
commutata, Nees 695
fera, C. B. Clarke 696
montana, Nees 695
pallida, Nees 696
salicifolia, Blume 695
tinctoria, Nees 695
PERNETTYOPSIS King & Gamble 79
malayana, King &
Gamble 79
subglabra, King &
Gamble 80

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

PERONEMA Jack 857
canescens, Jack 857
heterophyllum, Miq. 858
PrEtTR#ovITEX Oliver 858
bambusetorum, King
Gamble 859
Riedelii, Oliv. 860
Scortechinii, King & Gamble
858
Pharbitis Learii, Hook. 311
PHIALACANTHUS Benth. 668
Griffithii, Benth. 669
major, C. B. Clarke 669
minor, C. B. Clarke 669
Wrayi, C. B. Clarke 668
PHLOGACANTHUS Nees 665
brevis, C. B. Clarke 665
Phlomis nepetefolia, Linn. ALT
linifolia, Roth 720
martinicensis, Sw.
718
rugosa, Benth. 722
zeylanica, Linn. 719
zeylanica, Roxb. 720
Phyla chinensis, Lour. 798
PHYLLANTHERA Blume 508
bifida, Blume 509
perakensis, King & Gamble
508
PHYLLOB@A Benth. 780
speciosa, Ridley 780
Puysatis Linn. 338
angulata, Griff. 339
divaricata, Don 339
Hermann, Dun. 339
indica, Lamk. 339
minima, Linn. 338
var. indica, Clarke 339
var. typica, Prain 338
parviflora, R. Br. 339
peruviana, 339
pseudo-angulata, Bl. 339
Rothiana, Roem. & Sch. 339
villosa, Roth 339
Physostelma ? campanulata, Dene. 579
Wallichti, Wight 579
Phytewna begonifoliwm, Roxb. 55
Pieris D. Don 72
ovalifolia, D. Don 73

| Pimelandra Teysmanniana Hook. f. 123

Wallichii, A. DC. 122
var. Teysmanniana
Clarke 123
Pladera virgata, Roxb. 89
PLANTAGINACEA 727

| Puantago Linn. 727

asiatica, Linn. 728
major, Linn. 727
Precrrantuus L’Hérit, 705
Kunstleri, Prain 706

' Plocostemma lasianthum, Blume 563

PuLucHeEa Cass. 36

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Pluchea foliosa, DC. 37
indica, Less. 37
PLUMBAGINE 84
PuoumBaco Linn. 85
auriculata, Bl. 86
viscosa, Blanco 86
zeylanica, Linn. 86
Plumeria acutifolia, Poir. 390
Pocgostemon Desf. 707
Cablin, Benth. 705, 708, 709
Heyneanus, Benth. 707, 709
Patchouli, Hook. 709
Patchouli, Hook. f. 708
var. suavis,
Hook. f. 709
Patchouly, Pellet. 708, 709
Patchowly, Dalz. &: Gibs. 708
suavis, Ten. 709
verticillatus, Miq. 877
PonytremMa C. B. Clarke 692
erenulatum, C. B. Clarke 693
isophyllum, C. B. Clarke 693
vulgare, C. B. Clarke 693
Pongatium indicum, Lamk. 58
Porana Burm. 296
volubilis, Burm. 296
Portsta Hook. & Arn. 462
cantonensis, Hook. & Arn. 462
Hookeriana, Wight 463
ovata, DC. 463
Linn. 810
acuminata, R. Br. 823
bengalensis, Clarke 822
cordifolia, Roxb. 818
Derryana, King & Gamble 813
divaricata, Wall. 815
flavescens, Ham. 812
var. rubens, Clarke 812
feetida, Reinw. 814
integrifolia, Linn. 813
var. angustior,
Clarke 813
Kunstleri, King & Gamble 821
leucostoma, Miq. 823
littoralis, King &: Gamble 811
lucidula, Kurz 816
opulifolia, Miq. 815
- parasitica, Clarke 816
perakensis, King & Gamble 816
punctulata, Clarke 817
pyramidata, Vall. 822
Ridleyi, King & Gamble 820
sambucina, Wall. 813
serratifolia, Linn. 813
spinosa, Roxb. 813
sterculifolia, King & Gamble 819
tomentosa, Kurz 822
trichostoma, Miq. 816
Wrayi, King & Gamble 819
Prenanthes japonica, Linn. 48
napifolia, Wall. 48
Poosia, Wall. 48

PREMNA

901

| Prenanthes sarmentosa, Wall. 39
striata, Blume 48
Pseuderanthemum Andersoni, Lindau 679
malaccense, Lindau 679
PsycHortria Linn. 1
angulata, Korth, 12
asiatica, Wall. 10
aurantiaca, Wall. 19
Birchiana, King & Gamble
16
calocarpa, Kwiz 10
condensa, King & Gamble

Curtisii, King & Gamble 18
fulva, Buch-Ham. 16
fulvoidea, King & Gamble —
17
Griffithii, Hook. f 12
Helferiana, Kurz 13
var. angustifolia,
King & Gamble 14
var. diffusa,
King & Gamble 14
var, glabra,
King & Gamble 14
inequalis, King & Gamble

Jackii, Hook. f. 15
Kunstleri, King & Gamble 6
laxiflora, Blume 48
Maingayi, Hook. f. 5
malayana, Jack 18
microcarpa, Wall. 12
montana, Blume 14
var. brevipetiolata,
King & Gamble 14
monticola, Kurz 226, 17
morindefolia, Wall. 4
multicapitata, King & Gamble
10
obesa, Wall. 624
obovata, Wall. 6
ovoidea, Wall. 8
oxyphylla, Wall. 624
penangensis, Hook. f. 6
picta, Wall. 10
pilulifera, King & Gamble &
polycarpa, Hook. f. 9
rhinocerotis, Reinw. 18
Ridleyi, King & Gamble 9
sarmentosa, Blume d
var. pachyphylla,
King & Gamble 6
Scortechinii, King & Gamble 7
stipulacea, Wall. 17
suleata, Wall. 15
tortilis, Blame 11
vaginans, DC. 624
viminea, Wall. 623
viridiflora, Reinw. 15
var. undulata,

Kurz 10

902

Psychotria viridissima, Kurz 14
Wrayi, King & Gamble 19
Pterostigma capitatum, Benth. 344
hirsutum, Miq. 346
ovatum, Benth. 344
spicatum, Benth. 345
striatum, Griff. 345
villosum, Benth. 345
villosum, Miq. 346
PycNORHACHIS Benth. 594
Maingayi, Hook. f. 594

Q

Quamoctit Moench 318
pheenicea, Choisy 318
pinnata, Boj. 318
vulgaris, Choisy 319

Quinquelobus glaber, Benj. 351

R

RaDERMACHERA Zoll. & Mor. 379
amoena, Seem. 381
gigantea, Miq. 381
glandulosa, K. Sch. 380
Lobbii, Miq. 381
stricta, Zoll. 370
Rapanea avenis, Mez 101
Porteriana, Mez 101
umbellulata, Mez 103
Rapinia herbacea, Lour. 58
Rauwouria Linn. 423
densiflora, Benth. 424
perakensis, King é& Gamble 424
serpentina, Benth. 424
sumatrana, Jack 424
Razumovia tranquebarica, Spreng. 364
RHAPHISTEMMA Wall. 531
pulchellum, Wall. 531
RHINACANTHUS Nees 690
communis, Nees 690
Nasuta, Lindau 690
Rhizophora corniculata, Linn. 157
RHODODENDRON Linn. 73
celebicum, DC. 78
dubium,Kingd:Gamble 78
jasminifiorum, Hook. 77 —
javanicum, Benn. 74
var. Teysmanni, King
& Gamble 75
lampongum, Miq. 78
longiflorum Lindl. 77
malayanum, Jack 78
pauciflorum, King &
Gamble 75
perakense, King é Gamble
76

Scortechinii, King &
Gamble 76

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Rhododendron tubiflorum, DC. 78
Wrayi, King & Gamble
15

Ruyncop1a Benth. 484
Wallichii, Benth. 485
RuyYNcoaLossum Blume 783
Blumei, DC. 783
obliquum, Blume 783
Rhyncospermum ellipticum, A. DC. 485
Wallichii, A. DC. 485
RuyncorEcum Blume 787
parviflorum, Blume 787
Rhytiglossa ptychosperma, Miq. 682
ptychostoma, Nees 682
Roscoea pentandra, Roxb. 864
tomentosa, Roxb. 866
Rostellularia sarmentosa, Herb. Brit.
. 649
Rusia Linn. 649
acaulis, R. Br. 650
alternata, Burm. 653
angustiflora, Benth. dé Hook. f.
649
angustifolia, Lindau 649
australis, R. Br. 650
Blumeana, Nees 653
collina, Wall. 658
colorata, Nees 651
2 comosa, Wall. 638
confinis, Nees 652
dependens, Roxb. 672
discolor, Nees 653
flagelliformis, Hemsl. 650
Guppyi, Hemsl. 650
intrusa, Forsk. 668
nemorosa, Zoll. 651
obovata, Roxb. 646
2 paniculata, Herb. Rottl. 648
prostrata, Lam. 649
var. dejecta, 650
racemosa, Roxb. 641
Ravacensis, Nees 651, 652
repanda, Linn. 651
repens, Linn. 648
rivinefolia, Wall. 687
salicifolia, Vahl 645
spiciflora, Benth. 650
trichostoma, Nees 650
triflora, Roxb. 642
Runata Nees 697
laxiflora, C. B. Clarke 698
minutiflora, C. B. Clarke 698

Satvia Linn. 712
brachiata, Roxb. 713 —
coccinea, Juss. 712
Gerardiana, Benth. 712
plebeia, R. Br. 713
Samara Myrtillus, Kurz 113

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Samara parviflora, Kurz 114
Ribes, Kurz 105

SAPOTACEA 157
SarconoBus Br. 536

carinatus, Griff. 537

globosus, Wall. 536
SarcosPpERMA Hook. f. 159

paniculatum, Stapf & King
160

Scmyona Linn. 50
Bela-Modagam,Roein. & Sch. 51
chlorantha, De Vriese 51
Kenigii, Vahl 50
Lambertiana, De Vriese 51
lativaga, Hance 51
Leschenaultii, DC. 51
Lobelia, Ham. 51
macrocalyx, De Vriese 51
montana, Lab. 51
Plumieri, Blume 51
sericea, Forst. 51
Taccada, Roxb. 51
velutina, Presl. 51

Schauera graveolens, Hassk. 70d

Scoparta Linn, 362
dulcis, Linn. 362

SCROPHULARIACE® 341

ScUTELLARIA Linn. 713

andamanica, Prain 714
discolor, Colebr. 714
heteropoda, Miq. 714
indica, Blume 714
Sebestena officinalis, Gaertn. 280
SECAMONE Br. 518
canescens, Sm. 676
Finlaysonii, Wight 519
macrophylla,
var. fulva Bl. 528
micrantha, Dene. 519

Selago pusilla, Thunb. 357

Septis repens, Lour. 351

Serratula cinerea, Roxb. 27

Srsamum Linn. 385

indicum, DC. 386
lutewm, Retz. 386
occidentale, Her. & Reg. 386
orientale, Linn. 386
Shuteria bicolor, Choisy 300
SrpERoxyLon Linn. 160
attenuatum, A. DC. 164
Derryanum, King & Gamble
163
ferrugineum, Hook. & Arn.
1

firmum, Pierre 164
Maingayi, Clarke 162
malaccense, Clarke 161
2 rugosum, Wall. 165
SrecEsBeckrA Linn. 40
brachiata, Roxb. 41
glutinosa, Hook. f. 41
orientalis, Linn. 41

903

| Siegesbeckia orientalis, Roxb. 41
| Siphonanthus angustifolia, Willd. 840
indica, Willd. 840
Skinneria cespitosa, Choisy 305
SOLANACE A 327
Soxuanum Linn. 328
aculeatissimum, Jacq. 335
var. denudatum, Dun. 335
biflorum, Lowr. 331
Blumei, Nees 330
canescens, Bl. 333
cuneatum, Moench 333
decemdentatum, Roxb. 331
decemfidum, Nees 331
ferox, Linn. 331
var. Trongum, Kurz 334
hirsutum, Roxb. 332
indicum, Linn. 333
insanum, Roxb. 334
Jacquinit, Miq. 334
Junghuhnii, Miq. 333
lasiocarpum, Bl. 332
longum, Roxb. 334
mammosum, Linn. 874
Melongena, Linn. 333
Melongena, Wall. 334
mollissimum, Bl. 331
nigrum, Linn. 329
ovigerum, Bl. 334
parasiticum, Bl. 330
pseudo-undatum, Bl. 334
pubescens, Bl. 330
rhinocerotis, Bl. 329
rubrum, Roxb. 329
Rumphii, Dun. 329
sarmentosum, Nees 334
stramonifolium, Dun. 332
stramonifolium, Roxb. 333
subtruncatum, 330
toryvum, Sw. 332
triangulare, Lamk. 329
Trongum, Lamk. 334
uliginosum, Bl. 329
undatum, Lamk. 334
verbascifolium, Linn. 329
violaceum, Jacq. 333
Zollingeri, Dun. 331
Sonchus volubilis, Rumph. 40
Sparganophorus Vaillantii, Gaertn. 872
Spathodea Diepenhorstii, Miq. 378
gigantea, Bl. 381
glandulosa, Bl. 380
indica, Pers. 377
longiflora, Vent. 378
Loureiriana, DC. 378
Rheedii, Wall. 378
SPpH=RaANTHUS Linn. 37
africanus, Linn. 38
africanus, Wall. 38
africanus, Willd. 38
indicus, Willd. 38
microcephalus, DC. 38

904

Spheranthus microcephalus, Willd. 38
Spheromorphea centipeda, DC. 46
SPHENOCLEA Gaertn. 57
Pongatium, A. DC. 58
zeylanica, Gaertn. 57
SPHENODESME Jack 860, 878
acuminata, Wight 864
barbata, Schauer 862
ferruginea, Briquet 861
Jackiana, Schauer 864
microstylis, Clarke 861
pentandra, Jack 863
triflora, Wight 861
Wallichiana, Schauer 864
Spiladocorys angustifolia, Ridley 538
SPILANTHES Linn. 43
Acmella, Murr. 43
calva, DC. 43
oleracea, Jacq. 43
pseudo-Acmella, Linn. 43
Spiranthera peltata, Boj. 306
Turpethum, Boj. 308
Spirostemon spiralis, Griff. 457
Springia indica, Muell. & Van Heurck 495
Stachytarpha indica, Schauer 799
jamaicensis, Schauer 799
mutabilis, Schauer 799
STACHYTARPHETA Vahl 798
indica, Vahl 798
jamaicensis, Vahl 798
mutabilis, Vahl 799
urticifolia, Dalz. & Gibs.
799
STAURANTHERA Benth. 786
grandiflora, Benth. 786
grandifolia, Dietr. 786
umbrosa, Clarke 786
STAUROGYNE Wall. 634
angustifolia Wall. 636
arcuata, C. B. Clarke 640
argentea, Lindau 636
argentea, O. Kuntze 636, 637
argentea, Wall. 636
comosa, O. Kuntze 638
elongata, O. Kuntze 639
Griffithiana, O. Kuntze 640
Kingiana, C. B. Clarke 637
lanceolata, O. Kuntze 636
lasiobotrys, O. Kuntze 639
longifolia, O. Kuntze 637

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

| Stemodia gratioloides, Benth. 349

hirsuta, Heyne 349
Menthastrum, Benth. 347
micrantha, Benth. 348
minuta, G. Don 357
tomentosa, G. Don 343
SrenoruHyrsus C. B. Clarke 650
Ridleyi, C. B. Clarke 651
StTEPHANOTIS Thouars 549
Maingayi, Hook. f. 550
STEREOSPERMUM Cham. 378
fimbriatum, DC. 378
glandulosum, Miq. 380
hypostictum, Clarke 381
Streblosa tortilis, Korth. 12

| Streprocauton Wight & Arn. 516

macrantha, C. B. Clarke 642 |
malaccensis, C. B.Clarke 636 |

merguensis, O. Kuntze 641
pauper, C. B. Clarke 639
racemosa, O. Kuntze 641
serrulata, C. B. Clarke 642
setigera, O. Kuntze 635
subglabra, C. B. Clarke 640

balsamea, Benth. 348

cerulea, Benth. 345

capitata, Benth. 345

diffusa, Benth. 34!)

Stemodia

,

Griffithii, Hook. f. 517
Wallichii, Wight 516
Strica Lour. 362
coccinea, Benth. 363
hirsuta, Benth. 363
lutea, Low. 363
phenicea, Benth. 363
SrRoBILANTHES Blume 654
acrocephalus, T. And. 659
adnatus, C. B. Clarke 654
Andersoni, Benth. 659
Arnottianus, Nees 658
bibracteatus, Blume 656
bolamputtensis, Bedd. 659
collinus, Nees 658
debilis, Hemsl. 659
divaricatus, T. And. 659
Dyerianus, Masters 657
exsertus, C. B. Clarke 659
Gardnerianus, 7’. And. 659
hirtisepalus, C. B. Clarke
656
Hookeri, Nees 659
ixiocephalus, Benth. 659
japonicus, Miq. 659
lanceolatus, Nees 638
laxus, J’. And. 659
Maingayi, C. B. Clarke
q 655
oliganthus, Wig. 659
pachyphyllus, C. B. Clarke
658
pulneyensis, C. B. Clarke
658
radicans, T. And. 659
rufo-capitatus, C. B.
Clarke 657
rufo-pauper, C. B. Clarke
657
rufo-sepalus, C. B. Clarke
656
rufo-strobilatus, C. B.
. Clarke 657
vestitus, Nees 659
Zenkerianus, 7’. And. 658
STROPHANTHUS DC. 467

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Strophanthus brevicaudatus, Wight 471 |
caudatus, Kurz 470, 874 |
dichotomus, DC. 468
dichotomus, Wall. 470
Grifithii, Wight 469
Horsfieldianus, Miq. 469
Jackianus, Wall. 466
longicaudatus, Wight 469
pentaphyllus, Griff. 469
perakensis, Scortechini 470
scandens, Roem. & Sch.
469 |
singaporianus, Gilg 471
Wallichii, 4. DC. 469
Srrycunos Linn. 613
Curtisii, King d& Gamble 614
flavescens, King & Gamble 617
Gauthierana, Pierre 619
Horsjieldiana, Miq. 622
laurina, Wall. 615, 617
Maingayi, Clarke 614
var. ? fructuosa
Clarke 622
malaccensis, Benth. 618
ovalifolia, Wall. 616 |
pubescens, Clarke 620 |
var. Scortechinii,
King & Gamble 620
Ridleyi, King & Gamble 621
rufa, Clarke 617
septemnervis, Clarke 619 |
Tieuté, Lesch. 621 |
STYLIDIEX 48
Sryzipium Sw. 49
Kunthii, Wall. 49
roseum, Kurz 49
tenellum, Swartz 49
uliginosum, Swartz 49
Styphelia malayica, Spreng. 83
moluccanum, Scheff. 84
STYRACEX 230
Styrax Linn. 251
Benzoin, Dryand. 252
crotonoides, Clarke 253
floribunda, Griff. 252
Porterianus, Wall. 252
serrulatum, Roxb. 251
Sykesia Kenigii, Arn. 624
thyrsiflora, Arn. 624
Symphorema Jackianum, Kurz 864
Symphysicarpus chrysanthus, Hassk. 558
Symphyllium torenioides, Griff. 359 |
Sympnocos Linn. 231 |
acuminata, Miq. 237 |
adenophylla, Wall. 240
attenuata, Wall. 238 |
bancana, Migq. 241
Brandiana, King d Gamble 242 |
calycodactylos, Brand 243
celastrifolia, Griff. 239
cerasifolia, Wall. 245
concolor, Brand 242

|
|
12

905

Symplocos confusa, Brand 248
crassipes, Clarke 245
Curtisii, Oliv. 244
fasciculata, Zoll. 235
ferruginea, Roxb. 238
fulvosa, King & Gamble 233
Havilandi, King d& Gamble
250
Henschelii, Bth. & Hook. f. 249
Horsfieldiana, Miq. 238
iteophylla, Miq. 241
javanica, Kurz 238
lachnobotrya, Miq. 238
Loha, Don 237
Maingayi, Benth. 249
mollis, Wall. 238
monticola, King & Gamble 235
nivea, Brand 234 a
odoratissima, Choisy 233
ophirensis, Clarke 243
penangiana, King d& Gamble
245
King & Gamble
241

perakensis,

polycarpa, Wall. 237
pulverulenta, King & Gamble
234
racemosa, Wall. 237
Ridleyi, King & Gamble 239
rigida, Clarke 246
rubiginosa, Wall. 247
Scortechinii, King & Gamble
250
spicata, Roxb. 236
var. acuminata,
Brand 237
var. attenuata Clarke
237
var. malasica Clarke
237
Verhuellit Jungh. & de Vr. 238
SYNEDRELLA Gaertn. 43
nodiflora, Gaertn. 44

T

Tabernemontana ceronaria, Willd. 451
corymbosa, Roxb. 449
dichotoma, Roxb. 455
divaricata, Bl. 451
elastica, Spr.
hirta, Hook. f.
malaccensis,

Hb. Heyne
426
peduncularis, Wall. 452
polyantha, Bl. 504
polyneura, Scort. 455
salicifolia, Wall. 426
Tanghinia lactaria, G. Don 427

parviflora,

’

906 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Tanghinia laurifolia, G. Don 427
Odollam, G. Don 427
Txctrona Linn. f. 808
grandis, Linn. f. 809
Trtosma Coville 875
Tetrandra Wallichii, Mig. 281
TETRAPHYLLUM Griff. 867
roseum, Stapf 867
Teysmannia Hookeriana, Miq. 463
laxiflora, Mig. 463
Theyvetia neriifolia, Juss. 390
THUNBERGIA Linn. f. 630
alata, Sw. 632
fragrans, Roxb. 632
var. javanica,
Gaertn. f. 632
grandiflora, Roxb. 631
Harristi, Hook. 631
laurifolia, Lindl. 631
Tiaridium anisophyllum G. Don 282
indicum, Lehm. 282
Tithmannia Colsmannii, Benth. 362
elata, Benth. 357
grandiflora, Benth. 358
hirta, Benth. 356
obovata, Bunge 343
ovata, Benth. 356
ovata, Reichb. 356
pusilla, Benth. 357
sulcata, Wight 357
viscosa, Reichb. 356
Toren Linn. 352
alba, Ham. 356
asiatica, Linn. 354, 874
atropurpurea, Ridley 874
Bailloni, Godef. 354
Benthamiana, Hance 354, 874
celestis, Ridley 874
cerulea, Miq. 353
cardiosepala, Benth. 352
cilata, Sm. 353
diffusa, Roxb. 358
edentula, Benth. 353
flaccida, R. Br. 356
flava, Bot. Mag. 354
flava, Ham. 354
flava, Wall. 353
globosa, Ham. 357
gracilis, Benth. 362
hirta, Cham. & Schlecht 357
lepidota, Roth. 364
lucida, Ham. 356
mucronulata, Benth. 874
peduncularis, Benth. 353
polygonoides, Benth. 352
racemosa, Benth. 353
varians, Griff. 358
varians, Roxb. 356
TouRNEFORTIA Linn. 280
tetraedra, Wall. 281
Wallichii, DC. 280
ToxocarPus Wight & Arn. 519

| Toxocarpus acuminatus, Benth. 524
Blumei, Dene. 527
Curtisii, King d& Gamble 521
Griffithii, Dene. 520
| lankawiensis, King dé Gamble
. 523
penangianus, King & Gamble
522
| Scortechinii, King & Gamble
521
TRACHELOSPERMUM Lemaire 497
Curtisii, King &
Gamble 498
Treisteria assamica, Griff. 359
cordata, Griff. 354
Trichosporum radicans, Nees 736
Tripax Linn. 45
procumbens, Linn. 45
| Tripterospermum trinerve, Blume 90
_ Trisctapra Hook. f. 870
TyzLopHora Br. 550
| carnosa, Wall. 553
exilis, Colebr. 553
globifera, Hook. f. 552
hirsuta, Wight 554
var. penangensis,
Hook. f. 554
Jacquemontii, Dene. 554
longifolia, Wight 551
micrantha, Dene. 519
mollissima, Wall. 554
perakensis, King & Gamble
555
tenuis, Blume 552
tenuissima, Wight 553
villosa, Blume 555
Wallichii, Hook. f. 555

U

Urcroua Roxb. 472
brachysepala, Hook. f. 474
elastica, Roxb. 472
lucida, Benth. 475
Maingayi, Hook. f. 473
malaccensis, Hook. f. 475
reticulata, King & Gamble 477
| torulosa, Hook. f. 476
Urena lobata, Linn. 709
Urnularia flavescens, Stapf 398
| Urricurarta Linn. 366
aftinis, Wight
var. Griffithii, Oliv. 370
australis, R. Br. 369
bifida, Linn. 370
bifida, Wight 372
biflora, Roxb. 368
biflora, Wall. 370
Blumei, Miq. 369
brevicaulis, Benj. 370
cerulea, Benth. 371

‘

Se ee a

— |

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Utricularia campestris, Miq. 373

capillacea, Thw. 372
convervifolia, Don 369
diantha, A. DC. 370
diantha, Roem. & Sch. 368
diflora, Roxb. 368
elegans, Wall. 368
exoleta, R. Br. 368
extensa, Hance 369
fasciculata, Roxb. 369
jilicaulis, Wall. 373
fiexuosa, Vahl 368
glochidiata, Wight 374
Grigithii, Wight 371
hirta, 371
inequalis, Benj. 369
involvens, Ridl. 372
macrolepis, Benj. 372
minutissima, Vahl 371
nivea, Wall. 373
ophirensis, Ridl. 373
orbiculata, Wall. 374
pterosperma, Edgew. 368
punctata, Wall. 369
pusilla, Grah. 374
racemosa, Ridl. 373
racemosa, Wall.

var. filicaulis,

Clarke 373

Roxburghii, Spreng. 368
scandens, Benj. 372
setacea, Wall. 373
stellaris, Wall. 369
verticillata, Benj. 371, 372
Wallichiana, Benj. 370
Wallichiana, Wight 371

Vv

VACCINIACE® 58
Vaccinium Linn. 60

acuminatissimum, Mig. 66
bancanum, Mig. 64, 66
var. angustifolium,
Scheff. 66
buxifolium, Hook. f. 62
coriaceum, Hook. f. 62
exaristatum, Kurz 65
glabrescens, King & Gamble
62
Hasseltii, Mig. 66
Kunstleri, King & Gamble 65
malaccense, Wight 67
microphyllum, Blume 62
Scortechinii, King ¢: Gamble
63

Teysmanni, Mig. 64
viscifolium, King & Gamble
63
var. minor, King
& Gamble 64

90
| Vahea gummifera, Poir. 473
VALERIANA Linn. 21
acuminata, Royle 22
elata, Don 22
Hardwickiana, Roem. &
Schult. 21

|
|

| VALERIANE
| VALLARIS Burm. 459

Hardwickii, Wall. 21
javanica, Blume 22
tenera, Wal!. 21

21

controversa, Spreng. 309
lancifolia, Hook. f. 461
laxiflora, Blume 463
Maingayi, Hook. f. 461
ovalis, Miq. 460
Pergulana, Burm. 460
VanpDetiia Linn. 355
alba, Benth. 355
cordifolia, G. Don 358
crustacea, Benth. 355
elata, Benth. 357
hirsuta, Benth. 356
mollis, Benth. 357
monnierioides, Ham. 357
obovata, Walp. 343
pedunculata, Benth. 357
Roxburghii, G. Don 358
scabra, Benth. 357

| VERBENACEA 794

Verbena indica, Linn. 799
jamaicensis, Linn. 799
mutabilis, Jacq. 800
nodiflora, Linn. 798

Verbesina Acmella, Linn. 43

alba, Linn. 42

pseudo-Acmella, Linn. 43

biflora, Linn. 43

nodifiora, Linn. 44

prostrata, Linn. 42

dichotoma, Wall. 43

Schreb. 25

abbreviata, DC. 27

albicans, DC. 236,27

arborea, Buch-Ham. 26

Blumeana, DC. 26

celebica, DC. 26

chinensis, Less. 26

cinerea, Less. 27

conyzoides, DC. 27

cyanonioides, Walp. 27

elzagnifolia, DC. 872

fasciculata, Reinw. 27

javanica, DC. 26

laxifiora, Less. 27

leptophylla, DC. 27

linifolia, Reinw. 27

montana, Edgew. 27

parviflora, Reinw. 27

physalifolia, DC. 27

rhomboidea, Edgew. 27

VERNONIA

Zollingeriana, Schuliz-Bip. 2

/

908 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Vinuarsia Vent. 90 Ww
aurantiaca, Ridley 90
violefolis, 7. Muell. 91

Vincetoxicum carnosum, Benth. 875

VITEX Linn. 841

Agnus-Castus, Kurz 843
arborea, Desf. 844
arborea, Roxb. 848
bicolor, Willd. 844
bombacifolia, Wall. 853
Clarkeana, King & Gamble 845
coriacea, Clarke 846
Cunninghami, Schauer 853
Finlaysoniana, Wall. 855
gamosepala, Griff. 855
var. Kunstleri,
King & Gamble 856
var. Scortechinil,
King & Gamble 856
glabrata, Br. 852
heterophylla, Roxb. 848
heterophylla, Schauer 850
holophylla, Baker 844
inequifolia, Turez. 848
incisa, Wall. 843 Woolastonia biflora, DC. & Wight 43
Lankavana, H. H. W. Pearson scabriuscula, DC. 43
847 WricuTia Br. 463
dubia, Spr. 465
var. membranifolia,
King dé Gamble 466

Waltheria microphylla, Miq. 28
Wattakaka viridijflora, Hassk. 548
WEDELIA Jacq. 42
biflora, DC. 42
scandens, Benth. 42
Wicutia Wall. 342
borneensis, Hook. f. 342
WILLUGHBEIA 391
auriculata, Spreng. 605
Burbidgei, Dyer 391
coriacea, Wall. 393
dulcis, Ridley 396
edulis, Roxb. 392, 396
firma, Blume 394
flavescens, Dyer 397
grandiflora, Dyer 392
martabanica, Wall. 395
oblonga, Dyer 393
obovata, Spreng 606
racemosa, Spreng. 609
rufescens, Dyer 398
tenuiflora, Dyer 396

leucozylon, Schauer 853
longisepala, King & Gamble 853
Loureirii, H: C. Wight 850

Negundo, Linn. 843
ovata, Thunb. 843
pallida, Wall. 853
paniculata, Lamk. 844
per-alata, King 851
pteropoda, Miq. 851

javanica, A. DC. 464
levis, Hook. f. 465

. pubescens, Blume 464
religiosa, Benth. 467

tomentosa, Roem. d Sch. 465

Wulfenia intermedia, Wall. 783

pubescens, Vahl 848
repens, Blanco 843
siamica, Williams 847 Y
simplicifolia, Clarke 845
sumatrana, Miq. 849
var. urceolata,
King & Gamble 849
sympodiophora, P. Brith] 847
trifolia, Linn. 842
urceolata, Clarke 850
vestita, Wall. 854
Volkameria angulata, Lour. 839
farinosa, Roxb. 835
herbacea, Roxb. 834
infortunata, Roxb. 836 Z
neriifolia, Roxb. 827
serrata, Linn. 834

Youngia ambigua, DC. 48
fastigiata, DC. 48
lyrata, Cass. 48
napifolia, DC. & Wight 48
Poosia, DC. 48
runcinata, DC. 48
striata, DC. 48
Thunbergiana, DC. 48

Zapania nodiflora, Lamk. 798

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