SD BARDG! OF Dee FT Re OO: DH OG Br Hr'y- Ee Br he GaSe Or” H+ b08- OS 2G Ore. yes appr meneneer cay inns tir fee ee See aD fecborriayer nr yerht yt ee ee ee eed : aoe Oh Ahn. gee het Reet t eee. Hap tame a geibs are. +4 dt Mts: la re Se ee oder eased eho arto * os jesonpecon che: por weaved sah pte layer br Rien ee erate pepnas paar ep rae Vy Ce Te . 4 ee Oreerpeset a co — we Dewey oes « poe ws me - fo pe 9 at AAO LAL ELLE LAL LOL NLL EN Ae ow wry * hageged syatededd PRA godt per ne prenatally 9 AP e eNO a ne vocaet theta Ayr weorerye eyes Meyrin carne reid ab poe cr erase deaeoeetbearene a roe ~hnld Astin Ones Wend Pe ORRROe Sainte? Ve Seeee eS NRE ha wah Pape we oe ODL AAPA RDG OE AAPL EMAL IOLA, 8 oe ob tr a Ma 08 iO htt OC Ne Sa ae T a st mamta henteannaeai 7 Ah rian . pa2d deseyen i tea. dehae, petemnbenemmiise des 98 ord hat PDP e-bub eet OGD: OPO ee 5 angeenheitnbehet in neme yok sew vem tap sarhceaston treshen Scaidnhas, rcarbeoagenserdes fob oeb-ds je@oresbesrocdna.tctomabaarensoabate tee OP Oeets oT APRN PN eden a ney PMMA PAA tet Wd od oP OPS Or ATES ERLE SOO SGML OSS LNB REE AOL OL A LE ISS TS eSt- C01 bede pene OS =9) OP Shee-ee ee tt ree ee) eee LO ei eed and cad OIRtee Le ala cdbaeoedebieedcereateed-Aebeebened-debeedancaanaal ioann Arebehne on daoty cree wh Perret oveatingeqotew + 194 9m ongetcaonemesb ered po asee Mite ee so Onda dee Date 4 rene: i oe Ore Vitor ere ete eda eee en anal sy tpabehentheld dehad Aid ae hdd Pedal, o Wesip- nabs inabnip Seed otrete® OSes: Wrntentiae= fit 2ae 7 ee ee ida bopineesabetet Gaprbrpehagmneneeotintet: PPR PP OND WEG INE PEE BNE Beg CSET CO VB wd SPOR AAPL NPL ALOPECIA LS PBLECP ALLA LOR AAA PIAL LAL ALLL LLL LL ALA LAA LANA AA AAA A. A ES A ear Peter oek, eel ryt ve Le bdied Se alacaeaeeaes 2 ar Ah atic tO te ft Pe Lt AEE “ ee Ae OW rs POA CAAA RD GOL OP OLEACEAE A > eee wales : acarondchthery p ondcte pebsacaneen-aseet-bes-tre pre Oeh Orbe ~~ ; oan nee “4s pleees ee tore) ‘ rer yer bryev ted RGAE DIED ee ete iW tt tet Wg PAN ae OU Ssteaaee RGR EEE PALE eNO NO RAL AA AC CO AE APNE WA Lt Vel A i nk beanie rye thet 6 ete ID Ee ae be SEES RR BOT WAN PO POPE LLL LE LLG AEE whet nape Pr PGOG oP Sate SONG eT at paoddor}- manana neo aeanind Seine papacy intninth ® Oe ied soso. 1G Os 0s ite ae SONGS N PGE EG ah AP LALLA OG PLR ot -ahsene: ee ePeine OOO aS- 650 hae ba ceeeeandel “a -tetbabed te pprpnerte mad ahi GAnirehe Babee > Babe t ay ae ae eee ees recede gaan seh e 9eapet ~e Pape MR INE LN AGL AREAS APPEL FATE wn Ate teehee nee eee a ee eee aehahipabeetche beh mat oatebebenie 18 rite eihne blbed: b-tnl a8 ri at ee eee e caemanrnebetadeth taheittnter Sobahaeebereenrte PNRM LOL LN LOLOLELLA LEAA AEE RE Oe et om eripyet sarampunbpny peat oh Perens prerstonpscer gs srenmen wo vaneteheiry tere une re eeepc sa Ae ie ey” OLE RLS GY OL LLY IE BPA OEE PERL AAEM A Oe ANAS DNS NTA Nae et YEE ALLO DSO AAR CLL ASE APP ey AOL OPI GAO LM BOLL NP Te dene nen nuterer + ark pete pao Seyeese Saree SS 1 ehigmet aan Coe Sree Gaye Pere Oath ba Fh AE AOD He Hel Medea at | pteabee Ae nanny -eeetivget a Doe al He Me rnlbeths dadery pha stb tpetb OF: paccoongngh bet beh." gbipoh geet os Se eeaanenete sam load teagashodenreet es ee es ‘ hace oda me n d NERA Per yr ed ett thes RA PAE WERE PLO Perr es Se fateh adevedadets ah Roadea eepledediad rok adadetedeaadaaadaas noaeeeeeenl iting ae paepere see we WN Vl I et ORANG WAR HO ite mak bate etre e ees ei a eet eet etek eNO Ie A OPN GO AY ME ee eee a beeDeners geal nt WOT NCO ARP ie sevens pigehedtsotehebab-e ateteael PLN EN ee aeedepies WOMAN Ok PRONE MP PRIS ENE HE UY POT MOEN WEE Ue it APA MAO DEE A ENR LLL PL I OPS GPO PAE PO wey \ cunery =.) onto iat O0- Ge tad SYS Oe Saree a anael natal ersitenhy taoserigs dave bese erkiorced amnaaciar yn oe : th - . et oe iret sen tana bench. ocbeded vast sorte Seaaaes dvdadeeeaererasert He oee os te’ Oo ee et ee aE Daa ad . Pe he nt tet creas Seaaatabenst (see: MEI WR PRE HAPOEL LEN TE LEO WG Speed ee aie re O1 Rpm h tathn Oe: behets pas She | etbaind ata pr mete b> hoe WE nites hes Apna T atbs Lat arte > Merwe beroeranclamarircaweores a : AONE et ody Ae oie Ba " papa: po Guta do Gee p-tebey GeO EF ee Hnnubalaedunurenberw weeererin tent sees Westen tepnaen- teed wien a owe weacconved¢ a benater.4-e0ih- A 0- nt sepatens tan pemmerumnrerpririr ee rest Seri tart nia dotesprnat note) ied 6*atag “eres or oe en me NR mR eereratrere ae obo eeuparermenk tet we eee pm +- 8 Te renee ton oat POOL LALO LL PLL LI AA: —_ st * ~ Naseuraner in wen eaeeripnnnernreraurerwerer it te voit) Babs tt Pap nbed Petoks Gobi MO rater Gehae re pede sePeG Pee a anne veyron prsrsath NUB VEO vs or aera reer eenintanetncmar ans osrery seyret a Ainidan Dooerereprssomsvreramahpi ae 1 Setan Poe PrSengeeed O20. eal oe e ea , Sv Lb ie deh ieee eal eine’ og hadot vhs oad 99-tethetintr an mien foi pehae yes H0eh Sat 0, 5 TOCA rrr nceierert tinue ontin yh epesureppiarer ri chenrnany Corton ta) ote ey Oe ep areraed - 1: |: hater odrpns beberboe reed: Gat poe Ca ee aAatnthabatiatt wer =! Jarebandusernigern torrets eet Sepaciryt Parbesscothead pert OPO ponrneiee weve tote ve kr eters ares Soar or tet eur en we vene ys st ALONE ohanqureande a rary Murer rorectity cnr Sone eepiavensienicaregeectraedas tay fPemereyt se Sree tt Matton aagaaeectaes : vy vivo a es an arenes sD WS peste Heian re > eRe Hethadpe PBs i an Ce acu sne tire aheperhourmnersebvonnaneunnt era'er =f shy ont de sane ; Pd ee a ein aii saehatl veath ab aemea mumeied soos? bot = ysinan beipe beth y sores as SOT Gt ON! OOo Ot 8- Pie SSS =in th Orie G- inh ai pete ane ivotat eee! y - SA ale niall, tril pore Sprepanedahiovbee iyctntne-Oi bist bein tutal: tatt-9ee-) Tea ae: any ope elaente 8 tale Be Achn Aaa Carvwtettatnt Geaneetn 4 on8-b98 Ore See enter asset tol Ue ator oh We MANIA EAB Yh Pye ag ory Seshatsonten ph oeranniing Y oP tae pr en ~~ ~ 2 Leth ean rte A : o- : oa HIER Boned ctanriy etry o yore Piet oe yeu ait bona edb evr! oe , OS enna hate hciaedah alee “s ‘y Do > «ito 1 *@ Dale hh Anil ate tata Adaya apd oe —d 4 ae bs sel Q Z ths i= : Bn ee Sy 5 ait Seprea WCibson-invi “sina 4, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Vol. LXXV (Paris I-V, 1912-1936). CALCUTTA PRINTED AT THE BAPTIST MISSION PRESS PUBLISHED BY THE ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL, 1, PARK STREET 1936 A - = “~ . : . u . > Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Vol. LXXV (Parts I-V, 1912-1936). CONTENTS. Parr I. Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. By J. Sykes Gamble Parr II. Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. By J. Sykes Gamble Parr ITI. Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. By J. Sykes Gamble Part IV. Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. By J. Sykes Gamble Part V. Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. By A. T. Gage No. No. No. 25. No. : Page 205 279 393 469 SOURNAL & PROCEEDINGS i OF THE ASIATIG SOCIETY OF BENGAL. Wol LXXV, Bart I 1912. SIRWILLAMJONES| | lil ec MDCCXLVI-MDCCXCN CALCUTTA : PRINTED AT THE BAPTIST MISSION PRESS, AND PUBLISHED BY THE ASIATIC SOCIETY, 1, PARK STREET, CALCUTTA. 1912. Issued 30th March, 1912, OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL For the year 1912. President : Colonel G. F. A. Harris, 0.8.1, M.D., F.R.C.P., LMS. Vice-Presidents : The Hon. Justice Sir Asutosh Mukhopadhyaya, Kt., 0.8 de M.A., D.L., D.Sc, F.R.S.E. G. Thibaut, Esq., C.I.E., Ph.D., D.Sc. . Mahamahopadhyaya Haraprasad Shastri, C.1.H., M.A. Lieut.-Colonel F. J. Drury, M.B., I.M.S. Secretary and Treasurer : General Secretary :—G. H. Tipper, Esq., M.A., F.G.S. Treasurer :—D. Hooper, Esq., F.C.S. Additional Secretaries : Philological Secretary :—E. D. Ross, Hsq., Ph.D. Natural History Secretary :—I. H. Burkill, Esq., M.A., F.L.S. Anthropological Secretary:—N. Annandale, Hsq., D.Sce., O.M.Z.S., F.L.S. Joint Philological Secretary : —Mahamahopadhyaya ‘Satis Chandra Vidyabhisana, M.A., Ph.D., M.R.A.S. Medical Secretary :—Capt. J. D. Sandes, I.M.S. Numismatic Secretary :—The Hon. Mr. H. N. Wright, 1.C.S. Other Members of Council : Lient.-Colonel F. P. Maynard, M.D., F.R.C.S., D.P. Gh “i M.S. The Hon. Mr. Justice H. Holmwood, I.C.S. K. P. Harrison, Esq., Ph.D Lient.-Colonel D. C. Phillott. H. H. Hayden, Esq., C.LE., B.A., B.E., F.G.S. W. K. Dods, Esq. 5S. W. Kemp, Esq., B.A. JOURNAL ASTATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL. Vous LOY: Lier ARY NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN: Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula No. 22.—By J. SyKzEs GAMBLE, C.I.E., M.A., F.R.S., late of the Indian Forest Department. Four volumes of this work, in 21 Parts, have already appeared, the first three containing the Thalamiflore, Disciflore and Calyciflore, by Sir George King, K.C.I.E., LL.D., F.R.S.; the fourth containing Gamopetale by Sir George King and Mr. J.S. Gamble. The first two volumes were entirely Sir George King’s own work; in the third volume the large Family of Leguminose was done by Lt.-Col. D. Prain, 7 at that time Curator of the Herbarium, Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta, the genus Sonerila in Melastomacee by Dr. O. Stapf of Kew, and the rest by Sir G. King. In the fourth volume, Lt.-Col. Prain also did Convolvulacee, Solanacee, Scrophulariacee, Labiate and a few other Families; the Acanthacew were done by the late Mr. C. B. Clarke, P.R.S. ; and the Gesneraceew were compiled from Mr. H. N. Ridley’s work on that Family in the Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. The other Families were done by either Sir G. King or Mr. Gamble. The section of the ‘ Materials ’ dealing with the Monocotyledons appeared in 1907-8. It was a separate publication entitled ** Materials for a Flora of the Malay Peninsula—Monocotyledons, by H. N. Ridley, M.A., F.R.S., ete., Director of Botanic Gardens, Singa- pore, 8.S. (Methodist Publishing House, Singapore),’’ and really forms the concluding portion of this work. This number is the first of Vol. V, which is intended to contain the Monochlamydez and the Gymnosperms; and, owing to the sad oeeurrence of the death of Sir George King which took place almost 2 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. on the very day that Part 21—the last one of Vol. [V—appeared, Mr. Gamble is alone responsible for it. He has been promised help by va- rious Botanists, and especially by Major A. T. Gage, I.M.S., the present Superintendent of the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta; and hopes that with this kind assistance the whole work may soon be fully completed. The present contribution contains the account of the Families No. 93 Nyctaginacee, No. 94 Amarantacee, No. 95 Polygonacee, No. 97 Aristolochiacez, No. 99 Chloranthacee, No. 102 Lauracee and No. 103 Hernandiacez, all the work of Mr. Gamble except No. 95 Polygonacee which has been contributed by Major Gage. The seven Families dealt with contain 33 genera and 189 species, of which 1 genus and 78 species were new. The newspecies have been published in the Kew Bulletin. In accordance with the Rules adopted by the Vienna Conference, the measurements in this volume will be given in the metric system: and it is hoped that this change will not prove an inconvenience. Family XCIII.—NYCTAGINACE Ai. Herbs, shrubs or trees. Leaves usually opposite, entire ; stipules 0. Flowers hermaphrodite (rarely unisexual), regular, sometimes dimorphous; inflorescence various, the flowers often involucrate. Perianth monopetalous, petaloid, usually small; tube persistent, enveloping the fruit; limb 3—5-lobed, persistent or deciduous, the lobes plicate in bud. Stamens 1 to 30, hypogynous, sometimes uni- lateral; filaments usually unequal, inflexed in bud; anthers included or exserted, dorsifixed, didymous. Ovary free, 1-celled; ovule solitary, basal, erect ; style filiform, involute in bud ; stigma small. Fruit indehiscent, enclosed in the hardened perianth-tube. Seed erect; testa thin, adherent; albumen soft or floury; embryo with convolute or incurved cotyledons; radicle inferior.—Distris. Genera about 22, species about 220, in tropical and warm regions. 1. BomrHaavia, Linn. Herbs, erect or diffuse, often divaricately branched. Leaves opposite, often in unequal pairs. Flowers small, paniculate, umbel- late or subcapitate, articulated with the pedicel; bracteoles small, often deciduous, rarely involucrate. Perianth-tube long or short, ovoid below, narrowed above the ovary; limb funnel-shaped or ecam- panulate, 5-lobed. Stamens 1—5, connate below around the ovary, Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 3 exserted; filaments capillary, unequal. Ovary oblique, stipitate : ovule erect; stigma peltate. Fruii small, enclosed in the ovoid, tur- binate or clavate, truncate, ribbed or angled, viscidly glandular ' perianth-tube; embryo conduplicate; cotyledons thin, broad, the outer the larger, enclosing the soft floury albumen; radicle long.— Distriz. About 30 species, tropical and subtropical. BOERHAAVIA DIFFUSA, Linn. Sp. Pl. 3 (1753). A diffuse herb; root fusiform, stout; stems prostrate or ascending, divaricate, thickened at the nodes. Leaves opposite, in unequal pairs, ovate or orbicular-ovate, rounded or acute at apex, truncate or cordate or rounded only at base; upper surface rough, lower whitish scaly ; larger one of each pair 2—3 cm. long, 1—2 cm. broad, smaller half the size or less ; main nerves 3—5 pairs, spreading, the lowest pair near the base; petiole slender, variable in length, up to 2 cm. long. Flowers in subcapitate heads, in divaricate slender dichoto- mously branched terminal panicles ; pedicels capillary; bracts small, lanceolate, acute. Perianth about 2 mm. long, the lower part of the tube about equalling the upper, the lower glandular enclosing the ovary, the upper glandular, dotted with red in 5 vertical bands, campanulate; lobes 5. Stamens 2, slightly exserted; the anthers glandular on the back. Fruit about 3 mm. long, obovate truncate. 5-ribbed and glandular. Bl. Bijdr. 733; Choisy in DC. Prod. XIII. 2. 452 ; Wall. Cat. 6770 ; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. ILI. 390 ; Cooke Bomb. FI. IT. 480. B. procumbens, Herb. Banks in Roxb. Fl, Ind. I. 146; Wight Ic. t. 874. B. repens, Linn. Sp. Pl. 3; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 709; Choisy in DC. |. c. 453; Collett Fl. Siml. 410 t. 131; Prain Beng. Plants 862.——‘ Talu-Dama ’ Rheede Hort. Mal. VII. 105. t. 56. PENANG: Curtis! Deschamps! Prov. WELLESLEY: Ridley 6983! StncaporeE: Lobb 309!; Ridley 9131! a common weed of roadsides and cultivated fields—Distrie. India, Ceylon, Malay Archipelago. tropical and subtropical Asia, Africa and America. Family XCIV.—AMARANTACEAL. Herbs, rarely shrubs, erect or with climbing branches. Leaves opposite or alternate, exstipulate. Flowers usually hermaphrodite, rarely polygamous or dicecious, small, usually in terminal and axil- lary simple or panicled spikes, cymes or clusters, the outermost flowers of a cluster sometimes deformed ; bracts hyaline or scarious ; bracteoles 2, scarious. Perianth of usually 5 segments, free or slightly connate below, scarious or hyaline, persistent, imbricate. = Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. nerved. Stamens 1—5, opposite the perianth segments; filaments free or connate below in a membranous hypogynous cup, often alter- nating with membranous staminodes; anthers dorsifixed, 1- or 2- celled. Ovary 1-celled, ovoid ellipsoid or globose; ovules 1 or more, amphitropous, erect or suspended from basal funicles; style some- times simple or obsolete with capitellate stigma, sometimes 2—3-fid with acute stigmas, or styles 2 or 3 papillosely stigmatic on the inner face, erect or recurved. Fruit a membranous utricle, rarely a berry or a capsule, breaking irregularly or circumscissly, supported by the persistent perianth. Seed erect or inverted, orbicular ovate or reni- form, compressed ; testa crustaceous; tegmen, if present, membran- ous; embryo horseshoe-shaped or annular, surrounding a floury albumen.—Distris. Genera 48, species about 500, tropical and subtropical. Anthers 2-celled :— Ovary 2—x-ovuled; leaves alternate (Tribe I. CeLosIz a) :— Fruit a berry ; shrubby a5 +2 .. 1. DEERINGIA. Fruit membranous ; herbaceous Se .. 2. CELOSIA. Ovary l-ovuled (Tribe Il. AMARANTE) :— Ovule erect: leaves alternate :— Flowers 2-sexual, capitate; utricle circumsciss .. 3. ALLMANTIA. Flowers unisexual, in large clusters; utricle cir- cumsciss or indehiscent 32 .. 4. AMARANTUS. Ovule suspended from a basal funicle; leaves oppo- site :— Flowers clustered, 1—3 perfect, surrounded by de- formed ones :— Stamens with interposed staminodes 5 Stamens without staminodes - .. 6, Paexeaas Flowers all perfect :— Staminodes 0; spikes short; perianth-segments soft 2 ae aA .. 7. PSILOTRICHUM. Staminodes present : Spikes rather short: perianth-segments soft, often woolly rd a: .-- 8. ADRvA. Spikes long; perianth-segments spinescent .. 9. ACHYRANTHES. Anthers |-celled; ovary !-ovuled; ovule suspended from a basai funicle; leaves opposite (Tribe III. Gom- PHRENEZ) :— 2 as 59 .. 10. ALTERNANTHERA. The following plants seem to be commonly cultivated in gar- dens, besides some of these described. Telanthera ficoidea, Mog. in DC. Prodr. xiii. 2. 363 (1849), a native of Brazil and used for edgings and carpet borders, the leaves being of a fine crimson colour. Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 5 SINGAPORE: Deschamps ! Gomphrena globosa, Linn. Sp. Pl. 224 (1753) the ‘Globe Amavr- anth’ probably coming from America, with large globose yellow or crimson heads of flowers. Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 732. Stineapore: 7’. Anderson 80! 1. DrERinera, Brown. Herbs or rambling or climbing shrubs. Leaves alternate, petio- late, entire. Flowers 1—2-sexual, small, in simple or panicled spikes er racemes, or sometimes fascicled; bract and 2 bracteoles scarious. Perianth-lobes 5, oblong, imbricate, spreading in fruit, subequal. ‘Stamens 4—5, the filaments broadened and connate at the base in a cup, slender above; anthers reniform-oblong, 2-celled. Ovary ovoid er subglobose; stigmas 2—4, subulate; ovules few or many, on long funicles from the base. Fruit a globose berry or circumsciss utricle, seated on the spreading persistent perianth. Seeds few or many, reniform, compressed ; testa crustaceous, puncticulate; em- bryo annular, surrounding the farinaceous albumen; cotyledons linear, plano-convex; radicle descending. Distrre. Species 5—6, Asiatic, Australian and Pacific, one in Madagascar. Flowers, in long panicled racemes; stamens exsert; seeds few, under 6 ie ae .. IL. D. celostotdes. Flowers, in short spikes; stamens scarcely exsert; seeds very many 5% a ac -. 2. D. indica. 1. DEERINGIA CELOSIOIDES, Brown Prodr. Fl. Nov.-Holl. f. 413 (1810). A woody climbing shrub; branchlets long, slender, climb- ing, blackish when dry. Leaves membranous, glabrous, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate at apex, rounded or deltoid-acute, some- times cordate, often unequal at base; upper surface blackish when dry, lower pale; 5—10 cm. long, 4—5 cm. broad but often less; midrib slender, main nerves 7—10 pairs, branching, prominent beneath and joined by irregular transverse nervules; petiole slender, 1—2°5 cm. long. Flowers smali, in long slender racemes in terminal drooping panicles often 30—40 cm. long; bract and 2 bracteoles ovate acuminate, scari- ous. Perianth-lobes oblong, obtuse, 1—1:‘5 mm. long, scarious on the margins. Stamens exsert; anthers oblong-reniform. Ovary de- pressed globose; stigmas 3, papillose. Fruit a succulent scarlet berry about 5 mm. in diam. ; pericarp rather thin; seeds about 3—6, black, puncticulate. Roxb. Fl. Ind. I. 682 and ed. Carey and Wall. TY. 511; Wight Ic. t. 728; Wall. Cat. 6888; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FI. 6 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 214; Bot. Mag. t. 2717; Endl. Iconog. t. 62; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I. 1. 1025; Benth. Fl. Austral. V. 209; Baill. Hist. des Pl. IX. 157. t. 230, 231 ; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 714 ; Collett Fl. Siml. 412 : Brandis Ind. Trees 518 ; Prain Beng. Plants 866 ; D. baccata, Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII. 2. 236; Engl. & Prant] Naturl. Pflanzenfam. ITT. 1a. 97. t. 49. D. indica, Retz in Bl. Bijdr. 542; Cladostachys frutescens, Don Prodr. Fl. Nep. 76; Mig. /. c. excl. syn. Blitum frutescens, Rumph. Herb. Amb. V. 235 t. 83, fig. 2. Perak: at Batu Kuran, Scortechini 1593! Distris. India, Burma, Maiay Islands, China, Australia. 2. DEERINGIA4 INDICA, Zoll. Syst. Verz. Pl. Jav. 110 (1854). A herbaceous shrub, reaching 1 to 1-5 m.in height; branchlets rather fleshy, angled when dry, glabrous. Leaves membranous; lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate at apex, cuneate-acuminate at base ; glabrous on both surfaces, pale beneath when dry ; 10—20 cm. long, 5—8 em. broad ; midrib rather broad ; main nerves 8—11 pairs, the lowest pair rather oblique, the rest nearly at right angles to the mid- rib, curved near the margin ; secondary nerves few ; transverse ner- vules irregular, obscure ; petiole slender, 1-5 to 2, sometimes to 4cm.long. Flowers in short axillary glabrous spikes 1—4 cm. long ; bract and bracteoles ovate, acute or obtuse, scarious. Perianth lobes oblong, acute, concave, scarious on the margins, 2°5—3 mm. long. Stamens scarcely exsert; filaments filiform above, gradually broaden- ing to join in a cup 1mm. long; anthersoblong-reniform. Ovary sub- globose ; stigmas 3, spreading, papillose. Fruit a white subglobose berry about 5 mm. in diam.; pericarp thick, fleshy ; seeds many (up to 50), angular-reniform, beaked, black, puncticulate. Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII. 2, 236; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I. 1026. Perak: at Kwala Dipang, Ridley 9583! Scortechini! at Waterloo, Curtis 2691! near Goping, Larut, on limestone at 150— 300 m. alt. King’s Collector 4611! Duistris. Java, the Moluccas and Philippine Islands. 2. Certosia, Linn. Herbs or rarely shrubs, erect or with climbing branches. Leaves alternate. Flowers hermaphrodite, in dense terminal and axillary spikes, white or pink, shining; bract and bracteoles scarious. Peri- anth-lobes 5, slightly connate below, scarious, imbricate, oblong or lanceolate, acute or obtuse, longitudinally nerved, erectin fruit. Sta- mens 5; filaments slender, connate below in a membranous hypogy- nous cup; anthers 2-celled, dorsifixed. Ovary 1-celled, ovoid or sub- _ Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 7 globose ; ovules 2 or more on long funicles from the base of the ovary; style 0 or short or long, and sometimes elongating after flower- ing ; stigma simple or 2—3, subulate. Fruit a utricle dehiscing in cir- cumsciss fashion near the middle, membranous or sometimes coria- ceous. Seeds 2 or more, erect, lenticular; testa crustaceous, black, shining or dull; embryo annular, surrounding the floury albumen ; cotyledons linear; radicle descending or ascending. Distriz. About . 35 species in tropical Asia, Africa and America. 1, CaLosra ARGENTEA, Linn. Sp. Pl. 205(1753). A glabrous annual herb, reaching 30cm. to 1 m. in height ; stem erect, branches grooved. Leaves variable, linear or linear-lanceolate, acuminate at apex and at base, glabrous, entire, 2—19 cm. long, 5—25mm. broad ; nerves irregu- - Jar; petiole 0 or very short and slender. Flowers in dense terminal cylindric spikes, 3 to 25 or more cm. long, at first pink then becom- ing shining white, sometimes branching at the apex cockscomb- fashion ; bract and bracteoles lanceolate, acuminate or awned, sca- rious,4—5mm.long. Perianth-lobes linear-lanceolate, sharply acumi- nate, scarious, about 8 mm. long, 3-nerved. Stamens with slender filaments about 3 mm. long, combined below in a cup 2 mm. deep ; anthers linear, 1— 1:5 mm. long, the bases finally divaricate. Ovary ovoid, very thin; style slender, 5 mm. long; stigma small. Ufricle 3—4 mm. long, ellipsoid, tapering into the persistent style. circumciss about the middle. Seeds 4—8, lenticular, more or less compressed, 1—5 mm. indiam. ; testa black, shining. Willd. Sp. Pl. I. 1197; Roxb. Fl. Ind. I. 678 and ed. Carey & Wall. II. 507; Dalz. and Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 215; Wight Ic. t. 1767; Wall. Cat. 6916; Bl. Bijdr. 543; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. I. 1. 1028 ; Mog.in DC. Prodr. XIII. 2. 242 ; Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 714; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 393 ; Cooke Bomb. Fi. IT. ' 486; Prain Beng. Plants 867; Engl. & Prantl Naturl. Pflanzen. fam. LIV. J.a. 99, t. 51. C. margaritacea, Yann. l.c. ; Wall. Cat. 6917; Don Prodr. Fl. Nep. 76; Baill. Hist. des Pl. IX. 157 tt. 228, 229. ‘ Belutta-adeca-manjen’ Rheede Hort. Mal. X. 75,77. tt. 38, 39. PERAK : river Pluss, Wray 45! Pananea: at Temerloh, Ridley 2253! Matacca?: Griffith 4181-2! Distris. Throughout India. Ceylon, Tropical Asia, Africa, America: in fields, native country unknown. 3. ALLMANIA, Brown. Erect or diffuse herbs. Leaves alternate; linear, obovate or spathulate, entire. Flowers hermaphrodite, in terminal and axillary, nn ae 8 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. sessile or pedunculate, globose or ovoid heads; bract 1, bracteeles 2, scarious. Perianth-segments 5, equal, imbricate, free or nearly so, scarious, oblong-lanceolate, nerved, erect in fruit. Stamens 5, united below in a membranous hypogynous cup ; filaments slender ; anthers small, 2-celled, dorsifixed. Ovary ovoid, 1-celled, narrowed into a long straight style ; stigma capitate, 2-lobed ; ovule solitary, erect. Fruit a subglobose or ovoid circumsciss membranous atricle. Seed 1, orbicular, flattened ; testa crustaceous, black, with a basal cup-shaped aril ; embryo annular, surrounding copious mealy albumen ; cotyledons linear; radicle inferior. Distris. About 3 sp: cies, in Tropical Asia. 1. ALLMANIA NODIFLORA, Br. in Wall. Cat. 6890 (1828). A diffuse annual (or sometimes perennial ?) herb; branchlets angular, dichoto- mously divaricate, pale when dry, glabrous or slightly puberulous. Leaves variable, linear-lanceolate to oblong or spathulate, often mu- cronate at apex; petiole 0 or slender. Flowers in globose sessile or shortly pedunculate axillary white or brown heads, 10—15 mm. in diameter; bract linear-lanceolate, 4—5 mm. long, bracteoles similar, rather shorter, keeled. Perianth-lobes oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, 5 mm. long, strongly l-nerved, shortly connate at the base. Ovary ovoid, membranous; style 1°5 mm. long; stigma small, capitate, very shortly 2-lobed. Utricle membranous, hyaline. Seed large, nearly as large as the utricle, orbicular, flattened ; aril cup-shaped, 2-lobed. Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 717; Cooke Bomb. Fl. II. 487; Prain Beng. Plants 867; Engl. & Prantl Naturl. Pflanzenfam. III. la. 102, t. 55. Celosia nodiflora, Linn. Sp. PI. 298. Achyranthes nodiflora, Roxb. Fl. Ind.I. 678. Chamissoa nodi- flora, Mart.; Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII. 2. 249; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 1. 1029. C. aspera, Wight Ic. t. 1772. C. dichotoma, Wight - fest. 17 7a Disrris. India, Ceylon, Malay Peninsula and Archipelago, China. Var. esculenta, Hook.f. Leaves very narrow linear, 3—5 cm. long. A. esculenta, Br. in Wall. Cat. 6892 ; Mog. l.c. 249. Mauacca: Griffith 4182! Cuming 2297! Panane: Ridley 1409! SINGAPORE: Ridley 9493 ! Var. procumbens, Hook. f. Leaves spathulate or oblanceolate, 3—3°5 cm. long, 10—12 mm. broad. Wall. Cat. 6980 E in part. A. nodiflora, Wight Ic. t. 1770. SmuneaPpore: Ridley 3381! SS ee a ee ee eee a 5 ee ke Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 9 4. AMARANTUS, Linn. Annual herbs. Leaves alternate, petiolate, usually entire. Flowers small, moncecious or polygamous, in cymules of three or more, arranged in axillary clusters or dense terminal and axillary spikes or panicles; bract 1, bracteoles 2. Perianth of 3 or 5 mem- branous equal or subequal segments; in 3 ovate-lanceolate, in 2 oblong or spathulate. Stamens 5 or less, free ; anthers 2-celled ; staminodes 0. Ovary compressed, ovoid, 1-celled ; style short or 0; stigmas 2—3, filiform or subulate ; ovule 1, erect. Fruit an orbicular or ovoid compressed utricle, indehiscent or circumsciss. Seed erect, orbicular, compressed ; testa crustaceous; embryo annular, enclos- ing floury albumen; cotyledons linear; radicle inferior. DIsTRIB. _ Several species, of which some cultivated ; tropical or subtropical. Perianth-lobes and stamens 5 each; utricle circumsciss : Leaf axils spinous .. oC Ae .. I. A. spimosus., Leaf axils not spinous Sc 56 -. 2 A. caudatus. Perianth-lokes and stamens 3 each; no spines: Utricle circumsciss; perianth-lobes, bracts aad’ brac- teoles long-awned 7 3. A gangeticus. Utricle indehiscent; DeHanth lobes, ere and Be teoles shortly-awned ave ee .. 4. A. viridts. 1. AMaRANTUS spINosusS, Linn. Sp. Pl. 991 (1753). An erect glabrous herb. 30-60 cm. high; stems hard, often reddish, with many grooved branches and usually sharp divaricate spines usually in pairs at the leaf axils, 15 mm. long or less. Leaves membranous ; ovate or oblong, obtuse and sharply mucronate at apex, cuneate at base, glabrous above, sometimes scurfy beneath ; 3-8 cm. long, 1-4 em. broad; main nerves numerous, about 10 pairs, slender, prom- inent beneath; petiole slender, 1-6 cm. long. Flowers very nu- merous, in cymules of 3 or more in dense axillary clusters and in ter- minal and axillary dense or interrupted spikes, the upper flower in the spikes usually ¢, the lower 2 or the ¢ and 2 mixed; bracts and bracteoles linear-lanceolate, sharply mucronate. Perianth-lobes 5: in @ ovate-lanceolate, 1-ribbed, scarious, mucronate, 2—3 mm. long ; in 2 shorter, obovate or spathulate. Siamens5; anthers oblong ; filaments flattened. Ovary ovoid; stigmas 2—3, subulate. Ulricle circumsciss about the middle, membranous, rugose. Seed about 1 mm. in diam.; testa black, shining. Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII. 2 260 ; Willd. Hist. Amarant. 38. t. 4. fig. 8; Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 611; Dalz. and Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 216; Wight Ic. t. 513; wer Cat. 6894 ; Bl. Bijdr. 540; Migq. Fl. Ind. Bat. L.1. 1051; Hook. HE Bes ind. 2 10 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. IV. 718; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 396; Cooke Bomb. Fl. II. 489; Prain Beng. Plants 869. PENANG: road sides and waste places, Deschamps! PROVINCE WELLESLEY: at Krian, Ridley 9419! Mawacca: Griffith 4183 B! SincaPpore: Ridley 8920! Distr. India, Ceylon, Malay Archi- pelago, etc. 2. AMARANTUS CauDaTUS, Linn. Sp. PI. 990 (1753). An erect glabrous herb ; stems striate. Leaves membranous; elliptic, or ovate- lanceolate, obtuse at apex, cuneate at base; both surfaces glabrous, often dotied ; 3-7 cm. long, 2-4 cm. broad; main nerves 8-10 pairs, prominent beneath ; petiole slender 3-5 cm. long. Flowers very numerous, in cymules in dense clusters axillary or along the rachis of terminal or axillary drooping spikes 10-20 cm. long; bracts obovate, sharply long mucronate. Perianth-lobes 5, cblanceolate, mu- cronate, keeled. Stamens 5; anthers oblong. Ovary ovoid; stigmas 2—3, often thick. Ufricle circumsciss about the middle, membra- nous, rugose. Seed about 1 mm. in diam. ; testa black, shining. Moq. in DC. Prodr. XIII. 2. 255; Wall. Cat. 6907; Willd. Hist. Ama- rant. 36; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 719; Prain Beng. Plants 870. A. cruentus, Willd.; Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 610. A. caudatus and A. Alopecurus, Hochst. SINGAPORE : Ridley 9100!, 10403! 10443! apparently a garden weed ; Deschamps! Disrris. cultivated and run wild in most tropical countries. This seems to be merely a small weedy form of A. caudatus and except for the absence of spines comes very close to A. spinosus. 3. AMARANTUS GANGETICUS, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 1268 (1759). An erect glabrous herb, 60-120 cm. high; stem stout, branching, grooved. Leaves membranous, lanceolate, ovate, rnomboid-ovate or deltoid-ovate, obtusely acute and mucronate at apex, rounded and then acuminate at base and decurrent on the petiole; both sur- faces glabrous, white-dotted when dry; 5—15 cm. long, 2—10 cm. broad; main nerves about 10 pairs, prominent; petiole slender, 2—8 em. long, the upper half bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade. Flowers very numerous, in cymules clustered in the axils of the leaves and also forming a long terminal more or less interrupted spike, the ¢ and 2 mixed; bract ovate, scarious, with a long slender awn 4 mm. long; the bracteoles rather shorter, lessawned. Perianth- lobes 3, lanceolate, long-awned, up to 4mm. long, those of ¢ shorter and less awned. Stamens 3; anthers oblong; filaments slender. Ovary ovoid; stigmas 3, subulate. Ultricle circumsciss about the Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 11 middle, membranous, rugose. Seed 1—1-5 mm. in diam., flattened ; testa shining, black. Willd. Hist. Amarant. t. 6, f. 11; Roxb. FI. Ind. ITT. 606; Wall. Cat. 6896 eacl. C.; Moq. in DC. Prodr. XIII. 2. 261; Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. I. 1. 1033; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 719; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 396 ; Cooke Bomb. FI. II. 489 ; Prain Beng. Plants 870. A. tricolor, Willd. Sp. Pl. IV. 383; Roxb. 1. c. 608; Wall. Cat. 6902. A. lanceolatus, Roxb. 1. c. 604; Wall. Cat 6895. A. tristis, Willd. 1. c. 8385; Roxb. 1. c. 604; Wall. Cat. 6904, A. C.; Wight Ic. t. 713. Dalz. and Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 215. A. oleraceus, Willd. |. c. 386 ; Roxb. 1. c. 605 ; Wight Ic. t. 715. A. polygamus, Willd. 1. c. 384; Roxb. ]. c. 603; Wall. Cat. 6899 excl. D; Wight Ic. t. 714. A. lividus, Willd. |. c. 536; Roxb. 1. c. 605; Wall. Cat. 6896 C. A. melancholi- cus, Willd. 1. c. 383; Roxb. 1. c. 608. | PENANG: about George Town, Deschamps! SiIncarorE: Mac- pherson road, Ridley 6256! Duistris. Tropical regions, cultivated. 4. AMARANTUS VIRIDIS, Linn. Sp. Pl. Ed. 2. 1405 (1763). An erect branching glabrous herb 30—60 cm. high, the branches grooved, oftenreddish. Leaves membranous, ovate or deltoid-ovate, obtuse and usually notched at apex, cuneate or truncate at base; both surfaces more or less white-dotted when dry; 2—8 cm. long, 1—5 cm. broad; main nerves about 6 pairs, slender; petiole slender, 1—6 cm. long. Flowers shortly pedicelled, in small cymules in axillary clusters and in terminal and axillary slender more or less interrupted paniculate racemes; bract and bracteoles ovate, acute, green-keeled, shorter than the perianth-lobes. Perianth-lobes 3, in 3 ovate-acuminate, in 2 obovate, mucronate, membranous, green-keeled, 1—1°5 mm. long. Stamens 3; anthers linear-oblong; filaments short, slender. Ovary oblong-obovate; style thick ; “stigmas 2—3, subulate. Ufricle suborbicular, indehiscent, membranous, rugose, 1:5 mm. in diam., surmounted by the persistent style. Seed lenticular, smooth, shining, black, 1 mm. in diam. Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 605; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 720; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 397; Cooke Bomb. FI. II. 490; Prain Beng. Plants 871. A. polystachyus, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 6901. A. fasciatus, Roxb. 1. c. 609; Wight Ic. t. 717. Huxolus caudatus, Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII. 2. 274; Wight Ic. t. 1773; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat I. i. 1035. Matacea: Griffith! Stncapore: Kurz! Hullett 241! Ridley 4690! Deschamps!—Distrip. All tropical and warm countries, a weed of cultivation. 5. CyaTHuLA, Lour. Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite, petiolate, entire. 12 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. Fiowers small, hermaphrodite, in large or small, bracteate and brac- teolate, spicate or capitate clusters; perfect flowers 1—3 in each cluster, surrounded by imperfect ones. Perianth-segments 5, scarious, I-nerved, acuminate or with hooked rigid awns; in the imperiect flowers reduced to hooked rigid awns. Stamens 5; filaments connate below with intervening lacerate or 2—3-fid staminodes into a hypogy- nous membranous cup; anthers 2-celled. Ovary obovoid, 1-celled; ovule solitary, pendulous from a long basal funicle; style simple, filiform ; stigma capitellate. Fruit an ovoid membranous utricle enclosed in the perianth, its apex areolate. Seed inverse, oblong: testa coriaceous, tegmen membranous; embryo annular; cotyledons linear-oblong, flat, surrounding the farinaceous albumen; radicle erect.—DistTris. About 10species in tropical and subtemperate Asia, Africa and America. 1. CYATHULA PROSTRATA, Blume Bijdr. 549 (1825). Aslender an- nual herb, prostrate below, erect above, thickened and rooting at the lower nodes; stem angular, glabrous or scaberulous, trichoto- mously branched above, upper branchlets and rachis densely hispid- tomentose. Leaves elliptic-rhomboid or ovate, acute at apex, cuneate at base; both surfaces strigosely hispid, lower often reddish; 2—6 cm. long, 1—3 cm. broad ; main nerves 4—6 pair, prominent ; petiole very short, sometimes 0. Flowers pale violet, in small droop- ing clusters arranged in terminal spicate pedunculate racemes 10—15 cm. long; pedicels very short; bract and bracteoles ovate, acumi- nate, hispid-pubescent. Pertanth-lobes of the 2—3 perfect flowers 5, lanceolate, acuminate, 3-nerved, hispid, 2—2°5 mm. long: those of imperfect flowers similar or reduced to hooked awns. Siamens 5 with slender filaments and minute orbicular anthers, alternating with short bifid staminodes and forming below a hyaline cup. Ovary obovoid, glabrous; style slender; stigma capitellate. Utricle thinly mem- branous, ovoid, surmounted by the remains of the style. Seed 1—1-°5 mm. long, oblong-ellipsoid, testa smooth, shining ; cotyledons oblong, flat. Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII. 2. 326; Dalz. and Gibs. Bomb. FI. 219; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 723; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. IIT. 398; Cooke Bomb. Fl. II. 496; Prain Beng. Plants 872. C. repens, Mog. 1. c. 330. C. geniculata, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. I. 112; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. T. 1.1045. Achyranthes prostraia, Linn. Sp. Pl. Ed. 2. 296; Roxb. Fl. Ind. I. 674 and Ed. Carey and Wall. II. 501. Desmocheia prostraia, DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. 102; Wight Ic. t. 733. D. patula? Wall. Cat. 6937; D. repens, Roem. and Sch. Syst. V. 552; Wall. Cat. 6938. ‘Scheru-cadelari’ Rheede Hort. Mal X. 157. t. 79. Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 13 Penanc: Curtis 17! 944! Deschamps! Mauacca: Griffith! G. King! Harvey! Hullett! Prax: Scortechini!; at Jenah, etc., Wray 1754! 3489! 3494! Jonore: at Kota Tingji, Ridley 5726 !—DisrTrip. India, Ceylon, Malay Archipelago (Java, Forbes 535! Sumatra, Forbes 1242 !) and through the tropics of the World. 6. Purasia, Juss. Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite, petiolate, entire. Flow- ers green, hermaphrodite, fascicled in simple or paniculate spikes, fascicles with 1—2 perfect flowers, the rest imperfect; bract and brac- teoles scarious, awned. Perianth-segments of perfect flowers 5, nearly equal, lanceolate, acuminate, 3—5-nerved ; those of imperfect flowers _ reduced to awns with spreading hooked bristles. Stamens 5; filaments slender, subulate, shortly combined at the base; anthers 2-celled ; sta- minodes 0. Ovary ovoid, I-celled; ovule 1, pendulous from a long basal funicle; style simple; stigma capitate. Fruit an ovoid mem- branous compressed utricle, enclosed in the perianth, the top areo- late. Seed inverse, lenticular, rostellate ; testa thinly crustaceous; tegmen membranous ; embryo annular ; cotyledons linear-oblong, flat, surrounding the farinaceous albumen ; radicle ascending.—DistTRIB : Species 5, Asiatic and African. J. PUPALIA ATROPURPUREA, Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII. 2. 331 (1849). A slender, erect, annual or biennial, herb reaching 60 to 150 em. in height ; branches long, straggling or semi-scandent, glabrous, often tinged with purple. Leaves membranous, ovate or elliptic-lanceo- late, acuminate and mucronate at apex, suddenly contracted at base; both surfaces glabrous or nearly so, white-puncticulate when dry ; 2—10 cm. long, 1—5 cm, broad; main nerves distant, about 6 pair; petiole slender, 6—18 mm. Jong. Flowers in sessile clusters in lax- pedunculate terminal spikes, up to 25 cm. long; bracts small, ovate ; acuminate, persistent on the rachis; bracteoles 2, larger, ovate, strongly keeled and mucronate, 4 mm. long, deciduous with the flower cluster. Perianth-segments 5, ovate-lanceolate, mucronate, 4 mm. long, lanate, 3—5-nerved ; those of imperfect flowers reduced to elochidiate purple hocked awns. Stamens 5; anthers suborbicular, minute; filaments slender, very thin, joined at base in a shallow hyaline cup. Ovary obovate ; style slender, persistent in fruit. U/tr- cle very thin. Seed oblong, 1—2 mm. long, truncate at both ends ; testa black, crustaceous; tegmen membranous; cotyledons short; radicle thick and long. Dalz. and Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 219; Mig. FI. 14 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. Ind. Bat. I. 1046; Hook.f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 723 ; Trimen FI. Cey]. ITI. 399 ; Cooke, Bomb. FI. II. 497; Prain Beng. Plants 872. Achyran- thes lappacea, Linn. Sp. Pl. Ed. 2. 95. excl. Syn. Hd. 1; Roxb. Fl. Ind. I. 675, and Ed. Carey and Wall. II. 500. A. atropurpurea, Lamk. Dict. I. 546. Desmocheta atropurpurea, DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. 102 ; Wall. Cat 6933 excl. K; Wight Ic. t. 731. ‘ Wellia Codiveli’ Rheede Hort. Mal. X. 117 t. 59. SINGAPORE AND Penanc: Wallich.—Disrrrs. India, Ceylon, Java, Madagascar, etc. 7. PstLotricuum, Blume. Herbs or undershrubs, 3-chotomously branched. Leaves oppo- site, petiolate, entire. Flowers white or greenish, hermaphrodite, in axillary solitary or panicled spikes or clusters ; bracts small, chafty : bracteoles 2, small. Perianth-segments 5, slightly connate below. ovate, acuminate, ribbed. Stamens 5; filaments unequal, slender. connate below in a thin cup; anthers 2-celled; staminodes0. Ovary oblong or subglobose; style slender; stigma capitellate or 2-fid: ovule i, pendulous from a long basal funicle. Fruit a globose or compressed utricle, enclosed in the hardened perianth. Szed inverse, lenticular ; testa coriaceous or crustaceous ; embryo annular, enclosing the floury albumen ; cotyledons thin, flat; radicle ascending —DistrR1B. Species 10—12, Asiatic, African or Pacific. 1. PSILOTRICHUM TRICHOTOMUM, Blume Bijdr. 545 (1826). A flaccid decumbent subglabrous annual herb 30—40 em. high ; branches erect, striate; nodes hairy. Leaves membranous; elliptic, elliptic-lan- ceolate or lanceolate, rarely obovate, acute at apex, narrowed at base, very pale when dry; 2—6 cm. long, 5—15 mm. broad; main nerves 2—3 pair, oblique, obscure; petiole very short or 0. Spikes green, terminal, 5—15 mm. long; flowers reddish, crowded; bract chafiy, persistent on the pubescent rachis; bracteoles minute, deciduous with the flower. Perianth-lobes equal, hard, lanceolate, acuminate. glabrous, 3—5-nerved, 2 mm. long, persistent around the fruit. Sta- mens very small; anthers suborbicular: filaments very thin. Ovary globose; style short; stigma capitate. Utricle membranous. Seed small; testa black, shining. Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIII. 1.280; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 725. Achyranthes? carnosa, Wail. Cat. 6931. Leiospermum ferrugineum, Wight Ic. t. 721. Ptilotus trichotomus, Miq. F]. Ind. Bat. I. 1. 1037. PERAK: in open ground on mountains at 250—300 m., King’s Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 15 Collector 10732!—DistrrB. India, Burma, Java, Sumatra (Lampor, 180m. Forbes 2650!), Borneo, Philippines. Agruva, Forsk. Herbs or undershrubs, more or less woolly. Leaves alternate or opposite. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous, in simple or panicled spikes; bract and 2 bracteoles small. Perianth 5-(rarely 4-) lobed, lobes equal or the outer broader, usually more or less woolly. Stamens 5, connate with short or long intervening staminodes in a short hypogynous cup; anthers 2-celled. Ovary ovoid or sub- globose, I-celled ; ovule solitary, pendulous from a long basal funicle ; style simple, short or long ; stigma capitellate. Fruit a membranous utricle or circumsciss capsule with coriaceous crown. Seed inverse; testa coriaceous; Hmbryo annular, surrounding floury albumen; cotyledons linear; radicle inferior.—Disrris. Tropical Africa and Asia, species about 15. 1. Azrua Cortisi1, Oliv. in Hook. Ic. Plant. t. 2201 (1892). A straggling undershrub or herb apparently perennial; branchlets pale, crispate-pubescent, grooved when dry. Leaves opposite, membra- nous; lanceolate, acuminate at apex, acuminate and long decurrent on the petiole at the base; upper surface puberulous at length glab- rous, lower softly pubescent with whitish hairs, at length nearly glabrous ; 6—12 cm. long, 2—5 cm. broad: midrib slender ; main nerves 6 pairs, oblique ; transverse nervules and reticulations obscure ; petiole slender, 1—2cm.long. Flowersin spikes, 2—4 cm. longin axillary sub- umbellate panicles or fascicles on a slender peduncle 1—3 cm. Jong; bract and 2 bracteoles ovate acuminate, 1 mm. long, the former persistent after the fall of the fruit with the bracteoles and perianth ; rachis softly strigosely pubescent. Perzanth-lobes ovate-oblong. acute, white, scarious, 5—7-nerved, 2—3 mm. long. Stamens small, the cup and staminodes hyaline, the filaments deltoid-subulate; anthers suborbicular. Ovary membranous, subglobose; style short; stigma capitate; ovule pendulous on a long funicle. Utricle membranous. Seed deeply and obliquely reniform, 2 mm. in diam.; testa black. minutely puncticulate. PERAK: bottom of Waterloo Estate, Curtis 2712! Scortechini ! on rocks in Upper Perak, at 90 m. alt., Wray 3698 ! This species has not much the appearance of a species of rua; it more nearly resembles a Psilotrichum as I at first believed it to be. The presence, however, of antherless filaments between the stamens requires it to be des- cribed in “rua. 16 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 8. ACHYRANTHES, Linn. Herbs, sometimes woody below. Leaves opposite, petiolate, entire. Flowers hermaphrodite, in slender simple and panicled spikes, soon deflexed: bracts membranous, spinescent, persistent on the rachis; bracteoles 2, spinescent. Perianth segments 5, lanceolate, aristate. rigid, somewhat connate below, ultimately ribbed and hardened. Stamens 2—5; filaments filiform, connate at the membranous base and alternating with as many square staminodes which are toothed lacerate or with a toothed scale at the back; anthers2-celled. Ovary oblong, subcompressed, 1-celled; ovule solitary, pendulous from a long basal funicle ; style filiform; stigma capitellate. Fruit an oblong or ovoid utricle, apex rounded or areolate. Seed inverse, oblong: testa coriaceous, tegmen membranous; embryo annular, surrounding the floury albumen ; cotyledons oblong-lanceolate,incurved again; radicle erect.—-Distris. About 15 species, tropical and subtropical. 1. ACHYRANTHES ASPERA, Linn. Sp. Pl. 204 (1753). An erect undershrub reaching 30—90 cm. in height; stem stout and woody at base, the nodes swollen; branches few, terete or obscure y quadran- gular, pubescent, striate. Leaves extremely variable, thick, elliptic or obovate sometimes nearly orbicular, rounded or subacute at apex, narrowed at base; both surfaces softly pubescent; 3°5—6 em. long, 2-5—4 cm. broad; main nerves 3—4 pair, obscure; petiole 6—8 mm. long. Flowers greenish-white, numerous, stiffly deflexed against the woolly rachis, in elongate terminal lengthening spikes, often 50 cna. long in fruit; bracts ovate, aristate, membranous, persistent, 3—4 mm. long; bracteoles broadly ovate with a hard spine as long as er slightly longer than the blade, deciduous with the perianth, 3—5 mm. long. Perianth-lobes lanceolate, aristate, subequal, with narrow membranous margins, 3—6 mm. long. Stamens 5; filaments filiform ; staminodes fimbriate; anthers oblong, scarcely 1 mm. long. Ufricle oblong-cylindric, membranous, enclosed in the hardened perianth, 2—3 mm. long. Seed brown; cotyledons long, inflexed. Mog. in DC. Prodr. XIIi. 2. 314; Roxb. Fl. Ind. I. 672 and Ed. Carey and Wall. II. 496; Dalz. and Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 218; Wight Ic. t. 1777; Trimen Fl. Cey!. IIT. 404; Wall. Cat. 6924 excl. H; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. I. 1. 1042; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 731: Cooke Bomb. FI. II. 495; Prain Beng. Plants 875; Baill. Hist.des Pl. IX. 153. tt. 221—223. ‘Cade- lari’ Rheede Hort. Mal. 155, t. 78. SincaPoREe: Ridley 10632!—Distrrs. India, Ceylon and all tropical regions. Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 17 9. ALTERNANTHERA, Forsk. Herbs, usually prostrate, at any rate at base. Leaves opposite. Flowers hermaphrodite, small, white, in axillary often clustered heads; bract and 2 bracteoles scarious. Perianth segments 5, un- equal, the 2 lateral innermost, concave. Stamens 2—5; filaments short, connate in a short cup, with or without intervening stami- nodes; anthers 1-celled. Ovary orbicular or ovoid; style short; stigma capitellate; ovule solitary, pendulous from a long basal funicle. Fruit a compressed ovoid orbicular or obcordate utricle, the margins usually thickened or winged. Seed inverse, lenticular; testa coriaceous or crustaceous; embryo annular, surrounding the floury albumen ; cotyledons narrow; radicle superior.—DistTRIB. Species about 16, tropical and subtropical. 1. ALTERNANTHERA SESSILIS, Br. Prodr. Flor. Nov.-Holl. 417 (1810). A prostrate herb, or the lower part of the stem prostrate and rooting, the upper erect; branches many, glabrous below, the uppermost with 2 opposite lines of soft hairs. Leaves somewhat fleshy linear-oblong, lanceolate, oblanceolate or elliptic, obtuse or subacute at apex, narrowed at base; both surfaces glabrous; margins entire or obscurely denticulate ; 1—5 cm. long, 1—2 cm. broad ; main nerves 5—T7 pairs, obscure ; petiole very short or 0. Flowers sessile, white, shining, in small axillary sessile heads; bract and bracteoles ovate, acuminate, scarious, 1—1°5 mm. long. Perianth-segments 5, nearly equal, ovate, acuminate, scarious, l-nerved, 2—3 mm. long. Stamens 2—3, veryshort; staminodesusually0. Ovary obcordate, compressed, broader than long; style very short. Ultricle obcordate, compressed, about 2 mm. long by 3 mm. broad, margins prominently thickened. Seed 1—1°5 mm. in diam.,suborbicular ; testa coriaceous, dark brown. Mog. in DC. Prodr, XIII. 2. 357; Dalz. and Gibs. Bomb. FI. 220; Wight Ic. t. 727; Wall. Cat. 6921; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I. 1. 1048; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 731; Prain Beng. Plants 875. A. triandra, Lam. Encyc. Method. I. 95: Trimen FI. Ceyl. III. 405 ; Cooke Bomb. Fl. II. 499. A. denticulata, Wall. Cat. 6922. A. prostrata, Don Prodr. Fl. Nep. 86; Mog. 1. c. 360 for the most part. Gomphrena sessilis, Linn. Sp. Pl. 225. Achyranthes triandra, Roxb. Fl. Ind. I. 678 and Ed. Carey and Wall. IT. 505. <‘‘Coluppa’’ Rheede Hort. ite ot. tb. 11. Prenane: Curtis 1043!; Deschamps! PrraKk: Scortechini! SELANGOR: Goodenough! Panana: Ridley 1214! SINGAPORE: Kunstler 143! Deschamps!.—Distrip. All warm countries. 3 18 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. Family XCV.—POLYGONACEi. By A. T. Gage. Herbsor shrubs. Leaves usually alternate and entire, sometimes serrulate. Stipules usually membranous and forming a tube encircling the stem. Inflorescence axillary, racemose, spicate, capitate or pani- culate. Flowers usually bi-sexual, pedicellate; perianth-segments 3—6, usually 5, free or more or less connate, imbricate in the bud, persistent. Stamens usually 5—8, perigynous. Disc annular, glan- dular or absent. Ovaryfree, biconvex or 3—4-angled. Styles 1—3 ; stigmas various, usually capitellate. Ovule 1, orthotropous; nutlet hard, usually included in the perianth. Seed erect, with membranous testa and horny or floury albumen. Hmbryo usually lateral, radicle superior.—DistriB. Species over 600, distributed all over the world, but with a preponderance of species in temperate regions. 1. Potyconum, Linn. Herbs or shrubs. Leaves alternate, entire, usually petioled, stipules forming a membranous tube (ocrea) surrounding the stem. Inflorescence—in the Malayan Peninsular species—a branched spici- form raceme or a capitulate panicle. Flowers small, pink or white, pedicellate in the axils of small membranous spathe-like bracts. Perianth-segmentsusually 5. Stamens 5—8, perigynous, usually with minute yellow glands between the bases of the filaments; anthers usually pink or purple. Ovary lenticular or trigonous. Styles 2—3: stigmas capitellate. Nué included in the perianth, biconvex or tri- gonous, brown or black, usually polished. Inflorescence of branched spiciform racemes :— Ovary and nutlet bi-convex :— Stem stout, over 6 dm.; leaves large, 23 cm. long, 4°5 em. broad, very tomentose .. as ins Stem slender, less than 3 dm.; leaves small, 6°5 em. long, 6 mm. broad, glabrous or minutely strigose .. 2. P. minus. . Ovary and nutlet trigonous :— Perianth eglandular ol So .. 93. P. barbatum. Perianth glandular :— Raceme very long, slender, decurved and long-inter- rupted 3¢ 5c sis -- 4. P. flaccidum. Raceme rather short, scarcely decurved and short- interrupted a -- 5. P. Hydropiper. Inflorescence of capitulate panicles :— ; An unarmed shrub .. ae ac .. 6. P. chinense.. 1. P. tomentosum. Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 19 Plants usually with recurved prickles on stem and leaves, sometimes only one or two at the base of the sti- pules :— Nutlet trigonous ne eye .. 7. P. strigosum. Nutlet biconvex st Eh .. 8. P. pedunculare. It is curious that P. plebejum, although so widely spread throughout the tropics, appears to be as conspicuously absent from the Malayan Peninsula as from Ceylon. 1. PoLyGonum TOMENTOSUM, Willd. in Sp. Pl. II. 447 (1799). Root-stock prostrate, annual. Stems 6—12 dm., stout, erect, un- branched, with well developed internodes, grooved and glabrous or slightly pubescent where,exposed. Leaves light green when fresh, very shortly petioled lanceolate, finely acuminate both at apex and base, strigosely or silkily hairy on both surfaces, 14—28 cm. long and 2:°5—4:5cm. broad ; petiole6 mm. long; veins numerous, 20—30, often obscure. Stipular-tube well developed, membranous, almost or en- tirely concealing the internode and impressed by its grooves and furrows, sparsely or thickly strigosely hairy; mouth truncate, beset with stiff cilia. Inflorescence of branched spiciform racemes; pedun- cles stout, strigose ; racemes 5—10 cm., erect ; bracts crowded, tubular, strigose and ciliate. Flowers 4—6 in the axil of each bract; pedicels about 3 mm. long, articulated below the perianth, and surrounded ait the base by a delicate hyaline membranous bracteole. Perianth eglandular, about 4 mm. in diameter, white; segments 5, subequal, strongly veined. Stamens 5—8, alternating with minute glands at the base of the filaments which are nearly as long as the perianth seg- ments; anthers large. Ovary lenticular. Style short, bifid above; stigmas capitellate. Nut large, biconvexor orbicular, black polished, closely invested by the perianth. Roxb. Hort. Beng. 29 and Fl. Ind. II. 287; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. I. i. 1006; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. V. 30; Wall. Cat. 1709 C and D. Polygonum ocreatum, Houtt. Pfl. Syst. VI. 442. t. 49, f.1. Polygonum pulchrum, Blume Bijdr. 530. Perak : Kunstler 393!; Wray 2034!; at Ipoh, Curtis 3178!; Des- champs!.—Distris. Africa, India, Burma, Andamans, Siam, Malayan Archipelago, Philippines. ; 2. PoLyGonum minus, Huds. ; Meissn. in DC. Prodr. XIV. 1. 111 (1856). Stem creeping or ascending or erect, 15—30 cm. faintly erooved, glabrous. Leaves sessile, linear or lanceolate, acute, glab- rous or minutely strigose, especially on the midrib and nerves beneath, 2—5-7 em. long and about 6 mm. broad ; nerves few or none apparen a EE 20 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. Stipular-tube much shorter than the internodes, sparsely adpressedly strigose, truncate ; mouth beset with stiff cilia considerably shorter than the tube. Inflorescence of branched spiciform racemes; pedun- cles slender, glabrous; racemes 1°3—2°5 cm., erect; bracts tubular, glabrous, stoutly ciliate. Flowers minute, 5 or more in the axil of each bract, on pedicels as long as or longer than the perianth segments. Perianth eglandular, segments 5, subequal. Stamens 5—8, very small. Style bifid above ; stigmas capitellate. Nut minute, lenticular, black polished, included in the perianth. Boiss. Fl. Orient. IV. 1029; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I. i. 1002; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. V. 36; Polygonum Posumbu, Wall. Cat. 1722. Polygonum ienellum, Bl. Bijdr. 530. Poly- gonum hypostictum Miq. in Herb. Hohen. 971. Polygonum strictum, Allioni, Wight Ic. t. 1800. PERAK: Kunstler810!. PAHANG: Ridley 1616!.—Dister. Ku- rope, Temperate and Tropical Asia, Australia. Introduced into America. 3. PoLYGONUM BARBATUM, Linn.; Meissn. in DC. Prodr. XIV. 1. 104 (1856). Branches stout, erect, glabrous, slightly grooved, 3—12dm. Leaves very shortly petioled, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate , acuminate at both apex and base, glabrous or sparsely strigose or strigose only on the margins or midrib beneath, 9°5—15 cm. long, |-3—- 2:5 em. broad. Stipular-tube much shorter than the internodes, membranous, glab- rous or with adpressed strigose hairs ; mouth truncate, with stiff cilia longer or shorter than the tube. Inflorescence of branched spiciform racemes ; peduncles slender, glabrous or more or less strigose. Ra- cemes about 5:7 cm. long; bracts crowded, tubular, glabrous, stiffly ciliate. Flowers 4 or more in the axil of each bract ; pedicels as long as or longer than the perianth segments. Perianth white, eglandular, very small; segments 5, subequal. Stamens 5—8, unequal, alternat- ing with minute basal glands. Ovary trigonous. Style trifid above, stigmas capitellate. Nutlet trigonous, blackish brown, polished, included in the perianth. Bab. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVIII. 100; Wall. Cat. 1708; Wight Ic. t. 1798; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. I. i. 999. Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. V. 37. Polygonum hispidum, Ham. Poly- gonum rivulare, Koen.; Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 290; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 172. Polygonum Hornemanni, Meissn. in DC. 1. c. 107. Jonor: Ridley 11024!. Manacoa: Griffth!. PEnane: Curtis 2785!. Perak: at Ipoh, Curtis 3179!. SELancor: Goodenough 10461!. Sryearore: Hullett 10!; Goodenough 1604!; Ridley 37561, 10729!.—Distriz. Tropical Asia and Africa, and Australia. Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 21 4, PoLyGonum FLAccIDUM, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. XIV. 1. 107 (1856). Stem erect or ascending, 6—9 dm., simple or branched, glab- rous or more or less strigose, grooved and often glandular. Leaves shortly petioled, lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, many nerved, glabrous or hispid or strigose on the midrib, margin, and nerves on both surfaces, glandular, 6°3—15 cm. long and 1:5—3°8 cm. broad. Stipular-tube much shorter than the internode, adpressedly strigose, often glandular; mouth truncate, beset with long stout cilia. Inflorescence of long filiform branched decurved spiciform racemes ; peduncles glabrous, often glandular ; racemes 5—16 cm. long; bracts distant, tubular, glabrous, often glandular, shortly ciliate. Flowers 3 or more in the axil of each bract, on pedicels as long as or longer than the perianth segments. Perianth segments 5, pink, subequal, thickly glandular. Stamens 7—8, subequal. Ovary trigonous. Style trifid almost to the base; stigmas capitellate. Nwtlet small, trigo- nous, black, granulate. Boiss. Fl. Orient. IV. 1029; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 39. Polygonum tenellum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. II. 289. Polygonum mite?, Wall. Cat. 1721, 1721-1. Polygonum Reottlerc, Roth Nov. Pl. Sp. 205. PERAK: King’s Collector 809!, 2503!; Ridley 2964!. Pawanc: Ridley 1335! .—Distr. India and Malayan Archipelago. 5. Potyconum Hypropiesr, Linn Sp. Pl. 361 (1753). An an- nual herb with stout erect or ascending stem; branches obscurely grooved, glabrous and often glandular. Leaves subsessile or very shortly petioled, lanceolate or oblong lanceolate, glabrous or with midrib nerves and margin more or less scabrid, often glandular, 5—9 cm. long and 1—2 cm. broad. Sétipular-tube much shorter than the internode, membranous, glabrous or sparingly strigose, mouth truncate, shortly ciliate. Inflorescence of terminal and axillary, simple or branched, slender flexuous spiciform racemes; bracts more or less irregularly distant, tubular, glabrous, glandular or eglandular, shortly ciliate or eciliate. Flowers 2 or more in the axil of each bract, on pedicels as long as the perianth segments. Perianth pink, segments 5, thickly glandular, 2 outer narrower than the three inner. Stamens 5—8; anthers minute. Ovary trigonous; style trifid above; stigmas capitellate. Nwuilet trigonous, black, granulate. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. XIV. 1. 109; Boiss. Fl. Orient. IV. 1029; ‘ Fl. Dan. t. 1576. Polygonum Donii, Wight Ic. t. 1801. Neeri Sempian: Ridley 10024! Pananc: Ridley 2254!.— Distris. Cosmopolitan. 22 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 6. PoLyconuM CHINENSE, Linn. Sp. Pl. 363 (1753). A small shrub reaching a height of 1:5 m.; stem and branches glabrous or slightly pubescent, sometimes glandular, grooved. Leaves with a short petiole 6—12 mm. often auriculate and slightly winged above; lamina oblong-ovate or deltoid-ovate, acute, base truncate, rounded or acute, of upper leaves often cordate or amplexicaul, glandular or not, usually glabrous, sometimes sparsely hispidly-hairy especially on the midribs and nerves beneath; margins crenulate or entire; nerves from 5 or 6 to 20 or more, prominent beneath. Length of lamina 2-5—16 cm., breadth 2—8 em. Inflorescence of axillary and termi- nal corymbose or paniculately branched leafily-bracteate cymes bear- ing the flowers in few or many capitulate clusters; peduncles glan- dular or hispidulous, especially near the flower heads; capitula 6—S mm. in diameter; bracts of the flower-clusters glabrous or hispidly-hairy, eciliate. Perianth segments 5, white or pink, sub- equal, eglandular. Stamens 7—8,intwo whorls alternating with small basal glands. Ovary trigonous; style trifid above ; stigmas capitel- late. Nutlet trigonous, granulate, variable in size. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. XIV. 1. 130; Monog. 60; in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. III. 60; Bab. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVIII. 109; Roxb. Fl. Ind. II, 289; Wight Ic. t. 1806; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 172; Dalz. and Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 214; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 44. Polygonum cymosum, Roxb. l.c. Polygonum auriculatum, Meissn. Monog. 39, t. 6; Wall. Cat. 1705 A. and L. Polygonum polycephalum, Wall. Cat. 1707. Poly- gonum brachiatum, Poir. Dict. IV. 15; Wall. Cat. 1706. Polygonum patens, Don Prodr. 73; Meissn. Monog. 60. Polygonum corymbosum, Willd. Sp. Pl. Il. 452. Polygonum ovatum, Heyne in Roth. Nov. Sp. 206. Polygonum adenotrichum, Wall. Cat. 1705 E. Ampelygonum chinense, Lindl. in Bot. Regist. 1838. Coccoloba crispata, Ham. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. II. 292. Coccoloba indica, Wall. Cat. 1705 H. Perak: Scortechini!; Kunstler 7968!.—Distriz. India, Ceylon, Burma, Malayan Archipelago, Philippines, China and Japan. 7. Potyconum stricosum, R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. 420, (1810). Stem stout, 6—12 dm., erect or ascending, grooved and more or less covered with recurved prickles. Leaves shortly petioled, linear. oblong, acute, base truncate or shallow-cordate, glabrous or pubescent beneath, nerves numerous; petiole 6—12 mm. long; lamina 2°5— 7:5 cm. long and 6—18 mm. broad. Petiole, margin and midrib beneath beset with retrorse prickles. Stipular-tube much shorter than the internode and encircled with a ring of recurved prickles Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 23 at the base, membranous, glabrous or adpressedly strigose, mouth shortly ciliate. Inflorescence of corymbose or paniculate cymes bear- ing about 3—6 obpyramidal or shortly oblong capitula; peduncles thickly glandular-hairy ; bracts glandular-hairy and ciliate. Flowers rather large, on pedicels as long as the perianth segments. Perianth tubular; lobes5,shallow. Stamens 5, minute. Ovary flat; style bifid above ; stigmas capitellate. Nwtletbi-convex. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. XIV. i. 134; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. V.47. Polygonum horridum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. II, 291; Meissn. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. III. 58, and in DC. Prodr. XIV. i. 133; Wall. Cat. 1697 B and D. Polygonum muri- catum, Wall. Cat. 1697. Polygonum sagittatum, Don Prodr. 73. Penang: Wallich 1697 D in Herb. Calcutt.!.—Distris. India, _ Burma, Ceylon, Malayan Archipelago, China. 8. POLYGONUM PEDUNCULARE, Wall. Cat. 1718 (1828). Stem somewhat slender, erect, 3—6dm., grooved, glabrous or with a few scattered retrorse prickles. Leaves shortly petioled, lanceolate or ob- long acute, base acute, often unequal or truncate or shallow-cordate, many nerved, glabrous or minutely scaberulous on the margin and midrib beneath; petiole 6—12 mm. long; lamina 2-5—6°3 cm. long and 6—25 mm. broad. Stipular-tube considerably shorter than the internode, glabrous or minutely prickly or with a few retrorse prickles surrounding the base, mouth eciliate. Inflorescence of paniculately divaricate slender branches, bearing a few globose or shortly oblong heads; peduncles slender, glabrous or sparsely hispid; bracts glabrous, eciliate or very shortly and sparingly ciliate: Flowers very shortly pedicelled; perianth segments 5,subequal. Stamens5. Ovary lenticular; style bifid above; stigmas capitellate. Nwtlet biconvex or globose, polished. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. XIV. 1. 133 in part; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I.,i. 1011. Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. V. 48. Poly- gonum glabratum, Wall. Cat. 6285. JOHORE: Ridley 4220! and 11027!. Matacca: Griffith!; Stoliczka!. Panane: Ridley 1616!. Panane: Deschamps!. PERAK: Wray, 1890! , 2030! ; Kunstler 2498!; Ridley 2965!. SrLANncor (?): Ridley 8175!. Sryearore: Wallich 1718!.—Distrip. India, Ceylon, Malayan Archipelago, Australia, Philippines, China. Family XCVII.—ARISTOLOCHIACE4. Herbs or shrubs, often climbing, usually with more or less un- pleasantodour. Leaves alternate, petiolate, entire or lobed ; stipules 0. 24 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. Flowers hermaphrodite, often large, usually lurid; terminal, axillary or lateral ; solitary , racemose or cymose ; bracts various, often wanting. Perianth simple, more or less adnate to the top of the ovary, regular or irregular, 3-lobed or tubular and variously shaped, the lobes valvate. Stamens 6 or more, adnate in 1 or, 2 series to the style-column ; cells parallel, extrorse, opening longitudinally. Ovary 4—6-celled; pla- centas parietal, free or meeting in the axis; ovules numerous, an- atropous ; style columnar ending in stigmatic lobes. Fruit capsular or baccate. Seeds numerous, horizontal or pendulous; albumen fleshy, copious, embryo minute-——Distris. Species about 200, chiefly tropical. Perianth regular ; ovary 4-celled ; capsule elongate Stamens uniseriate. . a #6 .. 1. APAMA. Stamens biseriate .. .. 2. THOTTEA. Perianth irregular, usually tubular ih an inated base and expanded limb ; capsule not elongate wife .. 93. ARISTOLOCHIA. 1. Apama, Lamk. Shrubs or undershrubs, with stellate hairs or glabrate. Leaves alternate, petiolate, 3—5-ribbed, nerves and reticulations promment beneath ; stipules 0. Flowers in axillary or terminal or sub-radical bracteate cymes. Perianth shortly campanulate, equally 3-lobed, val- vate. Stamens 6 to 12, uniseriate, free or connate around the style ; anthers extrorse; cells 2; connective thick. Ovary inferior, elongate, 4-celled ; style short ; stigmas 3 or more, free or spreading in a flattened disk ; ovules numerous, uniseriate in vertical rows from the axis, pendulous. Capsule elongate, 4-gonous, the keeled valves dehiscing septicidally from the central placenta of cruciform section. Seeds very many, oblong, trigonous, sometimes winged, attached in the furrows of the placenta in a vertical row; testa rugose, with a crustaceous outer and a membranous inner integument ; albumen fleshy ; embryo minute.—Distris. Species 4 or 5, India and Malaya, one species in China. Style column expanded in a disk ; perianth-tube spreading ; stamens more than 6, short, connate ; leaf-ribs reaching nearly to the apex of the ovate long acuminate leaf (Sect. 1. BRAGANTIA) at ..1. A. corymbosa. Style column divided in 3 Hest peice ; Be thine urceolate-campanulate ; stamens 6, long, free ; leaf-ribs reaching scarcely to the middle of the ode nee eeine acute leaf (Sect. 2. CycLopiscus) oe ..2. A. tomentosa. Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 25 1. APAMA CORYMBOSA, Soler. in Engl. & Prantl Naturl. Pflanzenfam. ITI. i. 272 (1889). A spreading shrub reaching 2°5 to 3 m. in height ; branchlets brown, terete, jointed at the nodes. Leaves distichous, chartaceo-coriaceous'; ovate ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, long cuspidate-acuminate at apex, rounded or cuneate at base, entire ; upper surface smooth, shining, glabrous except on the ribs and nerves, lower glaucescent and finely stellate-puberulous ; 8—16 cm. long, 4—7 em. broad ; ribs 5 from the base, the outer pair close to the margin, the inner pair extending nearly to the apex; main nerves from the midrib 1 to 3 pairs, all joined by very prominent transverse nervules and reticulations ; petiole short, about 5 mm. long, twisted. Cymes corymbose, terminal and axillary in upper leaf-axils, 5—8 cm. long and about as broad, minutely grey-puberulous ; bracts linear, subulate, up to 5 mm. long; branches spicate ; buds depressed. Perianth-tube spreading ; lobes cordate, acute, 2—3 mm. in diam, greenish-grey, thick, rough within. Stamens 8 to 10 or more ; anther cells parallel, short, rather distant. Stigmas spreading in a disk. Capsule 25—35 cm. long, 5 mm. broad, smooth, acuminate, torulose ; pericarp 4- keeled, keels puberulous. Seeds trigonous, oblong-lanceolate, winged on the margins and at the ends, 4—6 mm. long, prominently rugose. Bragantia corymbosa, Griff. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XIX. 335 ; Duchart. in DC. Prodr. XV. i. 429 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. I. i. 1068 ; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. V.73. B.melastomefolia, Duchart. 1.c. Asiphonia piperiformis, Griff. l.c. 333, t. 37, Notul. 344 and Ic. Pl. Asiat.t. 528 ; Ann. Sc. Nat. Sér. 3, VII. 338. Strakea melastomefolia, Pres] Epim. Bot. 221. PENANG and Province WELLESLEY : Maxwell’s hill and Kubang Ulu Reserve, Curtis 2045!. Prrax: at Thaipeng and Ralan Tujor, Wray 650!, 1793! ; Lariat Peak and Goping, King’s Collector 437}, 2875 !. SELANGOR : Caves at Kwala Lumpur, Ridley 411!. Panane: Raub track, Machado 11552!. Matacca: Griffith K. D. 4438!: Maingay K. D. 1320!; Lobb!; Cuming 2333!; Bukit Panchore, Derry 165 !.—Distrip. Sumatra (H. O. Forbes 2965). 2. APAMA TOMENTOSA, Soler. in Engl. & Prantl Naturl. Pflanzen- fam. IIT. i. 272 (1889). Asmall undershrub, creeping below and rooting, then ascending, reaching 25 to 35 cm. in height ; branchlets grey, his- pid, furrowed, angular, geniculate and jointed at the nodes. Leaves 2 to 3 at the ends of the branchlets, chartaceo-coriaceous ; ovate or orbicular-ovate, acute at apex, rounded or cordate at base, entire ; upper surface smooth, shining, glabrous, lower white-hispid or villous ; 12 to 20 em. long, 8 to 12 cm. broad ; ribs 3 to 7 from the base, the 4 : 26 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. outer 1—2 pairs close to the margin and faint, the inner pair stout, reaching to about the middle of the leaf; main nerves from the midrib 6—7 pairs, arching upwards, joined prominent by irregular trans- verse nervules and reticulation ; petiole 5 to 10 mm. long, densely hispid. Cymes racemose from near the base of the stem, 5 to 10cm. long, densely grey-hispid ; bracts many, persistent, linear or linear- oblong, up to 1 cm. long ; buds obovate, depressed at top. Perianth dull claret-coloured, yellow at centre; tube urceolate-campanulate below for 5 mm., annulate within, then spreading and divided to below the middle in 3 ovate cordate lobes 5 to 10 mm. in diam., lobes rough within. Stamens 6, free above, filaments joined below ; anthers 2-celled, linear, surmounted by the acute produced connective. Style- arms 3, erect, ending in rounded hispid stigmas produced beyond the stamens. Capsule7 to 9 cm. long, 4 mm. broad, linear, long acuminate, smooth, torulose ; pericarp 4-keeled, the bosses of the seeds prominent whendry. Seeds trigonous, oblong, not winged, 4mm. long, prominently rugose. Bragantia tomentosa, Blume Enum. Pl. Jav. 82; Duchart. in DC. Prodr. XV. i. 431; Benn. in Horsf. Pl. Jav. Rar. 43, t. 11; Griff. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XIX. 335; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I. i. 1068 ; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. V. 73. B. khasiana, Griff. lc. B. latifolia, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. under t. 1543. Bragantia n. sp. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. 219. Ceramium tomentosum, Bl. Bijdr. 1135. Cyc- lodiscus tomentosus and latifolius, Klotzsch in Monatsb. Berl. Akad. 1859, 592. Aristoloch., Wall. Cat. 9108. Prenanc: Waterfall, Tanjong Tirie and Paya Trobong, Curtis 1681!, 2754!. PErak: Wray 3471!. Panane : at Kwala Tembeling, Ridley 2256!.—Distrip. India (Sylhet and Cachar), Burma, Java, Sumatra (Lampongs, H. O. Forbes 1672 !). Var. lanuginosa, Hook. f. Leaves densely white-woolly beneath. Kepau : Lankawi Island, Curtis 1681!. At Kwala, Yapp 69 !.— Distrie. South Andaman Island (Kurz). 2. THotTEa, Rottb. Shrubs, erect or straggling. Leaves alternate, shortly petioled, 3—7-ribbed, nerves and reticulations prominent ; stipules 0. Flowers usually large, in shortaxillary cymes. Perianth broadly campanulate or urceolate, equally 3-lobed, lobes valvate. Stamens biseriate, numerous, with short filaments, inserted round the style-column ; anthers extrorse ; cells 2, rather distant; connective thick. Ovary inferior, elongate, 4-celled ; style short, thick, arms 5—20, radiating, Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 27 sometimes forked, ending in the stigmas; ovules numerous, 2-seriate in vertical rows from the axis, pendulous. Capsule elongate, 4-gonous, septicidally 4-valved ; placenta free, central, cruciform in section. Seeds oblong, trigonous ; testa rugose ; albumen fleshy ; embryo minute. Distrip. Species 5, of the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. Perianth funnel shaped, widely open, 6—12 cm. long ; leaves hispid-pubescent beneath; stigmatic rays §-—15; stamens about 15 in each series. ; Perianth urceolate in tube, the ine spreading: about 15 cm. long; leaves glabrous beneath; stigmatic rays 6; stamens about 16 in outer, 10 in inner series ae .. 2. DL. dependens. Perianth urceolate, nearly sided less Han 7 cm. long; leaves hoary-puberulous beneath; stigmatic rays 4— 6; stamens about 12 in outer, 6 in inner series -. 9. TL. tricornis. — . T. grandifiora. 1. THOTTEA GRANDIFLORA, Rottb. in Nye Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk. Skrift. IT. 530, t. 2 (1783). Anerect shrub, reaching 1—2 m. in height ; branches stout, woody, villous with spreading hairs, striate, enlarged and jointed at the nodes. Leaves coriaceous, distichous ; ovate, ovate-oblong or obovate, acute or shortly cuspidate-acuminate at apex, cordate at base; entire, upper surface sparsely villous when young, glabrous when old except on the midrib, lower surface ferruginously hispid-pubescent ; 20—30 cm. long, 10—20 cm. broad ; midrib con- spicuously raised on both surfaces ; ribs from the base 2—3 pairs, rather slender, the inner pair scarcely reaching half-way up ; main nerves like the ribs 10 to 12 pairs, raised, slightly curved to the margin, joined by prominent more or less parallel transverse nervules and netted reticula- tion ; petiole stout, ferruginous-villous, 5 to 10 mm. long. Cymes simple or branched, spicate, from lower nodes, 3—5 cm. long ; bracts conspicuous, leafy, lanceolate, densely tawny villous, 1—3 cm. long. Perianth large, funnel-shaped, not constricted, membranous, 6—12 em. long and as broad at mouth, prominently 9-nerved, and reticulate ; deep claret-colour with yellow nerves and spots, villous without, cleft in 3 lobes about 3—4 down. Stamens in two series 15 or more in each ; filaments short; anthers short, about 1 mm. long. Ovary densely villous below ; column of styles thick, glabrous, spreading in 8—15 linear or forked stigmatic rays. Capsule 10—15 cm. long, straight or twisted, acute at the angle, pubescent. Seeds trigonous, 3—4 mm. long, acute at both ends, tubercled. Griff. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XIX. 325, t. 36; in Notul. IV. 346 and in Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 530, 531; Ann. Nat. Hist. Ser. 3, VII. 328; Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. i. 45; 28 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. Klotzsch in Monatsb. Berl. Akad. (1859) 589 ; Duchart. in DC. Prodr. XV. i. 428; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. I. 1. 1068; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. V. 74; Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. (1900) 127. PERAK : dense jungle near Ulu Kerling, 150—250 m. alt., King’s Collector 8770!. Matacca: Griffith K. D. 4439!; Maingay K. D. 1318! ; at Belimbing, Hervey! ; Hullett 204! ; at Bukit Benang, Curtis 3662!. Smncapore: Oxley!; Lobb 594!; T. Anderson 192!; Kurz! ; at Selitar and Bukit Mandai, Ridley 178!, 4691!. Vern. ‘‘Seburut ”’ (Ridley). 2. THOTTEA DEPENDENS, Klotzsch in Monatsh. Berl. Akad. 589 (1859). A shrub, reaching 1—2°5 m. in height ; branches stout, fistular, glabrous, enlarged, jointed and geniculate at the nodes ; inter- nodes terete. Leaves distichous, chartaceous; obovate or obovate-lan- ceolate, cuspidate-acuminate at apex, cuneate at base, entire; glabrous on both surfaces ; 15—25 cm. long, 6—12 cm. broad ; 5-ribbed from the base, the lower pair slender, short, close to the margin, the upper at first along the midrib and then straight towards the margin ending about half way up, the midrib stout, conspicuous ; main nerves from the midrib like the ribs but more widely curved to and along the margin, 8 to 9 pairs, joined by prominent transverse nervules and these again by reticulations ; petiole stout, 5—10 mm. long. Cymes simple or branched, spicate, often drooping, from near the base of the stems, 5—7 cm. long, minutely puberulous ; bracts conspicuous, leafy, lan- ceolate; rhachis flexuose; buds depressed, triangular. Perianth pale yellow with centre and margin streaked with claret-colour ; urceolate below for about 1 cm. in height, then erecto-patent and divided into 3 broad cordate acute lobes about 15 mm. long and 25 mm. broad, each 7-nerved and reticulate, glabrous. Stamens in two series, the outer ring of about 16, the inner of about 10; filaments slender, 4—5 mm. long; anthers linear, curved, 4 mm. long. Ovary elongate, slender, puberulous ; column of styles thick, glabrous, spreading in 6 slender stigmatic rays, 3—4 mm. long. Capsule slender, 5—10 cm. long, toru- lose, keeled, constricted between the seeds when dry. Seeds trigo- nous, 3—4 mm. long, acute at both ends, tubercled. Duchart. in DC. Prodr. XV. i. 428; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. V. 74. Lobbia dependens, Planch. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. VI. 144, t. 3; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. I. i. 1068. Piper arborescens, Roxb. ex Wall. Cat. 6648 B. Prnane : at Waterfall, etc., Curtis 1170!, 1507!; at 250—300 m. in dense jungle, King’s Collector 1661!. Prax: at Tapa, Wray 1318!, 3151!; at Lumut Dinding, Ridley 10346!. StNGAPoRE : Wallich 6648 B.; Lobb 289! Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 29 3. THOTTEA TRICORNIS, Maingay ex Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. V. 74 (1886). A shrub, reaching 1—2 m. in height; branches stout, pale brown, puberulous, swollen and jointed at the nodes, internodes channelled. Leaves coriaceo-chartaceous, distichous ; elliptic-oblong or -obovate, or -oblanceolate, acute or acuminate at apex, attenuate and rounded at base, entire ; upper surface glabrous, lower hoary-pubes- cent ; 20—30 cm. long, 7—13 cm. broad ; 5-ribbed from the base, the midrib stout, prominent, the inner pair slender reaching to about two- thirds up and then looped, the outer pair close to the margin, small, looped ; main nerves from the midrib 6—8 pairs, curved upwards and joined by many prominent curved transverse nervules and a conspicuous reticulation, all ribs and nerves much raised beneath ; petiole stout, _ twisted, 6—10 mm. long. Cymes paniculate, 3—5 cm. long, densely tawny-puberulous ; bracts linear or lanceolate, small, lower ones leafy - buds depressed globose, 8 mm. in diam., the top with 3 raised points. Perianth urceolate, only slightly open at the mouth in 3 short lobes, erey and red, leathery. Stamens in 2 rows, the outer with 12—14, the inner with 6—8 ; filaments about 1 mm. long; anthers as long, curved. Ovary slender, tawny-puberulous ; style column thick below, dividing above in 4 to 6 subulate stigmatic arms 1°55 mm. long. Cap- sule 15 to 20 cm. long, quadrangular, tawny-pubescent, 4—5 mm. in diam., not torulose. Seeds oblong-trigonous, shortly tubercled, 4—5 mm. long ; 2 mm. thick. PERAK : Scortechini, 1952 etc.!; at Goping, Kunsiler (King’s Collector) 705!. Matacca: Maingay, K. D. 1319!. 3. ARISTOLOCHIA, Linn. Shrubs or perennial herbs, prostrate or climbing; rhizome often tuberous. Leaves alternate, generally petioled, entire or lobed, often with a stipule-like leaf of an undeveloped bud in the axil, otherwise exstipular. lowers solitary or fasciculate or in the leaf- axils, bracts at the bases of the flowers often rather large. Perianth very variable in shape, size and colour ; usually the tube inflated below, then contracted in a cylindrical neck, then again expanded in a 2-lipped oblique limb, tube usually villous within. Stamens 6 (rarely less or more) adnate to and around the style-column with which the filaments and connectives are merged; cells 2, distinct, extrorse. Ovary inferior, 6-celled (rarely less or more); placentas parietal or intruded or connivent and connate in the axis; ovules very many, 1—2-seriate, anatropous, in vertical rows ; style column thick, divided 30 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. above the anthersin a 3—6-lobed stigmatiferous disk. Capsule septici- dally 6-valved or splitting through the placentas. Seeds numerous, horizontal, often attached to a part of the placenta which comes away with them, more or less flattened ; albumen fleshy ; embryo minute, close to the hilum, the radicle outwards.—Distris. About 180 species, chiefly tropical. Leaves ovate, acuminate, deeply cordate Perianth 4—6 em. long, upper lip of mouth very short or none; capsule 3—4 cm. long, papery; seeds fiat, winged, without an adherent placenta .. . 1. A. Tagala. Perianth 1:5 em. long, upper lip very short, rounded or bifid; capsule thick, rugose, 2°5 em. long; seeds concave, not winged, rugose, with an attached boat- shaped placenta .. oe - 2. A. minutifiera. Leaves hastate or prominently and deeply 3-lobed ; petianth | with upper lip about 3mm.long .. bc .. &. A. Curtisiz. A. ungulifolia, Masters in Journ. Linn. Soc. XIV. 494 (1875); Bot. Mag. t. 7424 is a handsome species of Borneo cultivated in the Singapore Bot. Garden. In Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. (1900) 126, Mr. Ridley includes «A. unguliflora, Mast.’’ as ‘‘ local in long wet grass’’ at Singapore. His specimen from Jurong is in the Kew Herbarium, but in the doubt whether it is not merely a garden escape, I prefer not to include it among wild Peninsular species. It is also found in Sumatra. 1. AristoLocHia TacaLa, Cham. in Linnea VII. 207 (1832). An extensively climbing shrub, reaching the tops of trees ; branchlets glabrous, grooved, twisted. Leaves membranous, glabrous, entire ; ovate or ovate-oblong, acute or acuminate at apex, deeply cordate at base with the rounded auricles somewhat convergent; 10—20 cm. long, 5—10 cm. broad ; pedately 5—7-ribbed at base, the midrib stout, the inner pair of ribs reaching to above the middle of the blade, the outer pairs spreading or deflexed ; main nerves from the midrib 3—5, all joined by a lax reticulation ; petiole 3—5 cm. long, often flattened, prehensile. Flowers in lax, axillary, puberulous racemes 2—6 cm. long, usually 1 only fertile ; bracts small, oblong or ovate, often leafy, up to 1 cm. long. Perianth 4—6 cm. long; pale green, the lip marked with claret-brown ; the base globose, then eurved and slender cylindric for about 1 cm., then expanded in an oblique 2-lipped fannel, the upper lip very short or almost none, the lower produced in a linear apiculate lobe 2—3 cm. long, the funnel and lip and the inside of the globose base villous. Stamens 6, in a ring adnate to the column; anther-cells rather distant. Style-column surmounted by Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 31 an undulate fold ; stigmatic lobes conical, beaked, connivent at tip. Capsule globose-pyriform or oblong, chartaceous, 3—4 cm. long, trans- versely linear-rugose between the ribs, 6-celled, the pedicels splitting into 6 segments in fruit. Seeds very many, horizontal, flattened, variable in shape but usually obtusely triangular and about 1 cm. in diam., with fragile wings and membranous testa, keeled on one side and tubercular on the other ; albumen horny, flat, cordate in shape ; embryo very minute, the cotyledons rather shorter than the radicle. Klotzsch in Monatsb. Berl. Akad. 597 ; Duchart. in DC. Prodr. XV. i. 480 ; Prain Beng. Plants 591 ; Cooke Bomb. FI. 11.524. A. Roxburghi- ana, Klotzsch l.c. 596; Duchart. l.c.; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. V. 75. A. acuminata, Roxb. FI. Ind. III. 489 (not of Lamk.); Wall. Cat. 2705 ; Wight Ic. t. 771; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. I. i. 1066; Dalz. and Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 224. : Prenane : Wallich 2705!; Curtis 2464!; Deschamps!. PERAK : Wray 1439!, 2295!, 3247; King’s Collector 2745!, 5000!, 8359 !, 10552 !, 10577!. Sm~ancor: Ridley 7613!. Panane: Ridley 2255!. Matacca : Maingay K. D. 1321 !.—Distris. India, Ceylon, Burma, Siam, Java, Sumatra (Forbes 2921 !), Philippines. 2. ARISTOLOCHIA MINUTIFLORA, Ridley ex Gamble in Kew Bull. 79 (1910). A slender climbing shrub ; branches dark brown, corky- barked, sulcate, much twisted; branchlets very wiry, angular. Leaves membranous, glabrous, entire ; ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate at apex, deeply cordate at base, the auricles rounded somewhat con- verging inwards, the sinus 1-5 cm. deep and about as much broad ; 5—15 em. long, 3—7 cm. broad, the broadest near the base ; pedately 5—7- ribbed at base, the midrib prominent, the inner pair of ribs also prom- inent and reaching nearly (quite, with loops!) to the apex, the outer pairs very slender, horizontal or deflexed ; main nerves 2—3 from the midrib, reticulations faint ; petiole slender, twisted, 3—5 cm. long. Flowers in lax axillary few-flowered slender puberulous racemes about 1 cm. long; bracts ovate acuminate, sheathing, 3 mm. long, puberulous. Perianth in all 1-5 cm. long, red and light grey (Kunstler), the base globose, 3 mm. in diam., followed by a curved tube 3 mm. long, then expanded in a 2-lipped funnel, the upper lip very short, rounded or 2-cleft, the lower produced in a linear twisted lobe 9 mm. long, the whole puberulous. Stamens 6,minute, connivent in a ring, the cells obtuse. Ovary puberulous, 6-furrowed; style slender, sur- mounted by a very short column ending in a peltate 6-lobed disk, the lobes conical-apiculate. Capsule obovate, 2°5 cm. long, 6-ribbed, 32 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. transversely marked by the prominent edges of the seeds. Seeds many, pyriform, concave, nearly 1 cm. long, attached to a crustaceous boat-shaped placenta ; testa granular-rugose ; albumen conform to the seed, fleshy ; embryo very minute. Ridley M.S. in Herb. Calc. PerAK: at Lumut, in dense jungle, Ridley 8022!; at Simpit Dindings, Ridley 10259!; at Larut in very moist places, King’s Collector (Kunstler) 1964 !. Var. dolabrata, Gamble. Perianth with the upper lip produced for about 3 mm.and broadened, the lower 1 cm. long; in bud the lips closed up and with the tube having the form of an oblique pickaxe. Leaves as in type, always broadest near the base opposite the insertion of the petiole, above that sometimes a little indented. Flowers ‘ french grey, throat dark claret-brown’ (Wray); ‘lower part dark blue, middle greyish-white, top lighter blue ; fruit yellowish-red when ripe * (Kunst- ler). Perak: Maxwell’s Hill, Wray 2997!; Larut, 900—1100 m., King’s Collector 2969 !. There are very few flowers available for examination and no fruit. The stamens and column are identical with those of A. minutiflora and the leaves are almost exactly the same. The perianth differs, however. and when better material is available, it may prove to be a good species. 3. ARISTOLOCHIA CuRTIsSi, King ex Gamble in Kew Bull. 78 (1910). A rather small climbing shrub; branches with corky bark ; branchlets wiry, sulcate, twisted, glabrous. Leaves chartaceous ; younger ones broadly hastate ; older ones broad, deeply digitately 3-lobed, the middle lobe oblong lanceolate acuminate mucronate. the side lobes spathulate rounded incurved, base cuneate; both surfaces glabrous, margins entire ; hastate young leaves about 10 cm. long by 16 cm. broad, the sinus 1—3 em. deep, old leaves 10—20 em. long, 10 —30 cm. broad, the sinuses reaching to within 2—6 em. of the base ; nervation pedately flabellate, 3-ribbed at the base ; the central rib the midrib of the middle lobe; the outer ribs at first on the margin of the cuneate base, then giving off two interior ribs which form the outer ribs of the middle lobe close to its edges, next giving off one after the other two ribs for the outer lobes and finally itself forming a slender intramarginal rib to the same ; the ribs of the outer lobes with few arcuate anastomosing nerves, the whole connected by transverse ner- vules and a netted reticulation ; petiole slender, curved, channelled, 5—10 cm. long. Flowers in 1—3, axillary, prominently bracteate, racemes about 5 cm. long; rhachis zigzag; bracts amplexicaul, reddish, a | Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 33 ovate-acuminate, 1—1°5 cm. long; flowers ‘ velvety dark blue and pink’ (Kunstler). Perianth puberulous, oblong and inflated at base, 1—5 cm. long, narrowed into a short tube 5 mm. long and then expanded in 2 lips; the upper short rounded, 3 mm. long; the lower acuminate, 2—2°5 em. long. Stamens 6, sessile, inserted around the style-column ; anther-cells 2, very distinct. Style-column short, expanded in a 6-lobed stigmatic disk with short conical tips. Capsule oblong, obtuse, 4 cm. long, 6-ribbed, the ribs winged when young. King M.S. in Herb. Cale. Prnane : Government Hill, Curtis 330!; at Waterfall, G. King! at 150 m. in dense forest, King’s Collector (Kunstler) 1453 ! Family XCIX.—CHLORANTHACEAs. Herbs, shrubs or trees, usually aromatic. Leaves opposite, usually toothed, the petioles often connate in a sheath; stipules small, sub- ulate, usually on the margin of the sheath. Flowers in terminal or pseudo-axillary spikes, heads or panicles ; unisexual or the male and female cohering and hermaphrodite supported by a bract ; 3 flowers without perianth, 2 with a 3-toothed limb adnate to the ovary. Stamens 1 or 3, connate ; filaments very short and thick; anthers 2-celled, or, if 3 stamens, the side ones I-celled. Ovary 1-celled ; style very short; ovule 1, orthotropous, pendulous from the top of the cavity. Fruit a small, ovoid or globose, drupe; exocarp fleshy endocarp crustaceous. Seed pendulous; testa membranous; albumen copious, fleshy ; embryo minute; cotyledons divaricate or scarcely distinct ; radicle inferior.—Disirib. Genera 3, tropical and subtropi- eal; but not African. 1. CHLORANTHUS, Swartz. Perennial herbs or shrubs, the stems articulate at the nodes. Flowers in terminal simple or panicled spikes ; hermaphrodite, the ¢ and 2 connate on a bract at the base; perianth 0. Stamens 1 or 3 confluent; if 3, the central anther 2-celled, the side ones 1-celled. Ovary naked; stigma subsessile, truncate——Distris. About 10 species, Eastern Asiatic. Stamens 3, connate by their connectives; leaves finely serrate. 1. C. officinalis Stamen 1, 4-celled on a broad connective; leaves coarsely serrate wa i ..2. C.brachystachys. 1. CHLORANTHUS OFFICINALIS, Blume Enum. Pl. Jav. 79 (1827). - A small erect glabrous undershrub reaching 1—2 m. in height. 5 34 Flora of the Malayan Peninsuia. Leaves variable in shape and size, usually elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate or elliptic-oblong, acuminate at apex, also usually at base; margin, finely glandular serrate; 7—25 cm. long, 2‘5—10 em. broad; main nerves about 10 pairs, curving upwards and joined by rather promi- nent but wide reticulations; petiole O—1 cm. long, each pair joined in a sheath bearing minute subulate stipules. Inflorescence 5—13 cm. long ; spikes 2°5 to 5 cm. long, slender ; bracts sheathing, ovate, acute. Stamens 3 connate by their connectives, the middle anther 2-celled, the lateral l-celled. Berries 5 to 6 mm. in diam., globose, white. Fi. Jav. ITT. 10.t.1. Solmsin DC. Prodr. XVI. i. 474; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. I. i. 801; Hook.f. Fl. Br. Ind. V. 100. C. elatior, Br. in Bot. Mag. t. 2199. C. erectus, Sweet; Wall. Cat. 6881. Cryphea erecta, Ham. in Brewst. Kd. Journ. (1825) 11, t. 2. Penance: Wallich 6881!. Perak: Curtis 1180!, 1708!; forests near Larut at about 1000 m. alt., King’s Collector 4235!. DInDINGS: Ridley!. Matacca: Griffith 4396!; Maingay (K. D.) 1337!. Srvea- PORE: Hulleit 16 !.—Distris. N. India, Burma, China, Malay Archi- pelago, Philippines. 2. CHLORANTHUS BRACHYSTACHYS, Blume FI. Jay. fase. VIII. 13, 14, t. 2 (1828). A small erect glabrous undershrub reaching 1 m. high or more; branchlets terete. Leaves subcoriaceous; lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, long acuminate at apex, long attenuate at base ; margins coarsely glandular-serrate; 10—20 cm. long, 3—7 cm. broad; main nerves 7—10 pairs, rather irregular; reticulations not prominent; petiole about 1 cm. long, each pair joined in a sheath bearing 2 small linear subulate stipules on either side. Inflorescence 3—8 cm. long; spikes 1—2 cm. long, rather dense; bracts small, acute. Siamen 1, short, depressed ; anther-cells 4, connective broad. Berries 5—6 mm. in diam., globose, red. Wall. Cat. 6880; Solms in DC. Prodr. XVI. i. 475; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I. 1. 801, and Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 129; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 334; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. V. 100. C. monander, Br. in Bot. Mag. t. 2190 im note. C. ceylanicus, Mig.1.c. 802. C. denticulatus, Cord. in Adans. ili. 296. Ascarina serrata, Blume Enum. Pl. Jav. I. 79. Sarcandra chloran- thoides, Gardn. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. VIII. 348; Wight Ic. t. 1946; Cord. 1. c. 301. Penance: Wallich 6880!; Government Hill, Maingay (K. D.) 1338!; Curtis 1050!; Deschamps. PERaxk : in Batang Padang Valley at about 1000 m. alt., Wray 1479!. Panane: Ridley 13710!.— Disrriz. India (Khasia Hills, Nilgiris, Travancore), Ceylon, China, Malay Archipelago, Philippine Islands. Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 35 Family CII. LAURACEZ. Erect aromatic trees or shrubs, or (Cassytha) leafless twining parasites, usually evergreen. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite or sub- opposite, gland-dotted, rarely lobed, the margins entire; stipules 0. Flowers regular, small, hermaphrodite or dicecious, in axillary or lateral cymes, clusters, racemes or panicles ; bracts 0 or deciduous, often involucriform. Perianth usually inferior; tube short, often enlarging in fruit; lobes usually 6, sometimes more, biseriate, im- bricate or subvalvate, equal or unequal, one row sometimes want- ing, deciduous or persistent in fruit, sometimes enlarged as are often the pedicels. Stamens usually a multiple of the perianth-lobes, in 2—4 series on the tube ; filaments flattened, those of inner staminal rows usually, of outer sometimes, furnished with a pair of glands ; anthers erect, 2—4-celled, the cells dehiscing by upcurved, at length deciduous, valvular lids, the 4th row of stamens often reduced to staminodes: in Q flowers the stamens replaced by staminodes, usually linear or clavate, some biglandular asin #. Ovary sessile at the base of the perianth-tube, 1-celled; ovule solitary, anatropous, pendulous from the top of the cell. Fruita dry or fleshy berry or drupe, naked or rarely enclosed in the perianth-tube or often sup- ported by the more or less enlarged perianth-tube and lobes, the pedicel frequently thickened. Seed pendulous ; testa membranous ; albumen 0; cotyledons plano-convex, fleshy; radicle minute, superior.—Distris. About 900—1000 species in the warmer regions of the world. Trees or shrubs Stamens of 3rd row, when present, with extrorse anthers Anthers 2-celled Stamens of 3rd row present, those of Ist and 2nd row inirorse, if present Stamens of Ist and 2nd rows present, all 3 rows fertile Fruit surrounded by the enlarged perianth (TribeI. CryprocaryE#) 1. CRYPTocARYA. Fruit seated on the more or less enlarged perianth (Tribe ITI. Arot- LONIEZ) .. 2S exe Perianth-segments equal, deci- duous in fruit; fruiting pedi- cels little or not enlarged .. 2. BEILSCHMIEDIA. Perianth-segmenis unequal, the outer 3 smaller, persistent in 36 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. fruit ; fruiting pedicels much enlarged 50 3. DEHAASIA. Stamens of Ist and 2nd rows absent, of 3rd row sessile (Tribe III. Acropt- CLIDIE 2) 543 4, ENDIANDRBA. Stamens of 3rd row absent, tenes of Ist aha 2nd row extrorse (Tribe IV. MicroporrE&) 5. MicRopora. Anthers 4-celled; fertile stamens 9 (Tribe V. CINNAMOME ”)) Leaves usualiy opposite or subopposite, rarely alternate, usually 3- or more ribbed ; fruiting perianth-tube enlarged into a cupule embracing the fruit .- 6. CINNAMOMUM. Leaves alternate Fruiting perianth-tube enlarged Fruiting pedicels enlarged, very thick, usually warted; outer perianth-lobes equal to or slightly smaller than inner ; anthers ovate- oblong, fairly large ; glands large, glabrous like the,inner side of the cordate staminodes .. . 7. ALSEODAPHNE. Fruiting pedicels hardly onlargen: perianth lobes' unequal, the 3 outer smaller than the 3 inner; anthers ovate-oblong, very small; glands villous; staminodes ovate, vil- lous on both sides... . §. NoTHaPHa@BE. Fruiting perianth-tube hardly eflaveea Fruiting perianth-lobes reflexed .. 9. MAcHILUS. Fruiting perianth-lobes erect, cup- like Fruiting pedicels short, not enlarged ; anthers ovate-ob- long ; glands large, stipitate ; staminodes cordate, stipitate 10. PHa@ss. Fruiting pedicels long, clavate ; anthers triangular; glands small or absent; staminodes triangular, sessile .. 11. STEMMATODAPHNE All stamens with introrse anthers, the lower cells sometimes lateral Anthers 4-celled (Tribe VI. Lrrsrraza). Fertile stamens 9; involucral bracts decidu- ous in flower; leaves usually subverticil- late, 3-ribbed or l-ribbed, penninerved .. 12. AOTINODAPHNE. Fertile stamens normally 9 or 12, frequently more, rarely less ; involucral bracts persis- Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 37 tent in flower; leaves alternate or sub- opposite, penninerved ate .. 13. LitsEa. Fertile stamens 6; involucral bracts early deciduous; leaves alternate or subverti- cillate, 3-ribbed.. MH: .. 14. NEOLITSEA. Anthers 2-celled (Tribe VII. LaurEz Fertile stamens usually 9 or 12; mvolucral bracts deciduous or not; leaves alternate or sub-opposite, penninerved or 3-ribbed.. 15. LINDERA. Leafless filiform twining parasites with suckers ; stamens with 4-celled anthers, outer two rows introrse, inner row extrorse (Tribe VIII. CassytTHrm) .. .. 16. CassyTHa. Tribe 1.—CRYPTOCARYEA. 1. Cryprocarya, R. Br. Evergreen trees or shrubs. Leaves usually alternate, penninerved or 3-ribbed, more or less coriaceous. Flowers small, hermaphrodite, in axillary or subterminal pedunculate panicles. Perianth-tube tur- binate or ovoid, after flowering constricted at the top; lobes 6, sub- equal. Perfect stamens 9, those of the 1st row introrse, opposite the outer 3 lobes of the perianth; those of the 2nd row introrse, opposite the 3 inner lobes; within and alternate with the stamens 6 stipitate glands; slightly within these again the 3 extrorse stamens of the 3rd row opposite the stamens of the lst row; again, slightly within these, 3 stipitate cordate staminodes opposite the stamens of the 2nd row. Ovary sessile at the bottom of the perianth-tube in which it is enclosed; style shortiy exserted ; stigma obtuse or capitate. Fruit wholly enclosed in the perianth-tube which is accresent, drupaceous, hardened or fleshy, smooth or ribbed, the mouth occluded, the limb deciduous or more or less persistent ; pericarp membranous or thinly crustaceous, more or less free from the perianth-tube. Seed with a membranous testa often not separable from the pericarp; cotyledons thick, fleshy; radicle minute.—Distr1B. Species about 40, tropical and subtropical, in both hemispheres. I have followed Bentham (Fl. Austral. V. 294) and Koorders and Valeton (Bijdr. X. 211) in describing the glands as free and alternate with the stamens of the Ist and 2nd row instead of being attached to those of the 3rd. If a fully open flower is examined it will be seen that the glands are inserted between the stamens of the 2nd and 3rd rows. If such @ flower is flattened out care- fully and the staminodes and 3rd row stamens removed (they often come away together in a ring), the 6 outer stamens and the 6 glands alternate with 38 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. them will be easily apparent. The glands are slightly in front of the 6 outer stamens and slightly behind the 3 inner and the staminodes. Leaves 3-ribbed (Sect. 1. CaRYODAPHNE) Leaves elliptic-ovate, coriaceous, over 7 cm. long, long- acuminate at apex, margins thin ; .. 1. C. densiflora. Leaves orbicular-ovate, very coriaceous, anAen 7 cm. long, searcely acute at apex, margins cartilaginous .. 2. C. Wrayt. Leaves leribbed, penninerved (Sect. 2. HucRyPTocaRyA) Leaves with the under surface conspicuously hairy andwith net-venation prominent Leaves usually large; panicles dense; flowers compa- ratively large Leaves long-acuminate ; bracts long, conspicuous ; fruit ovoid-oblong ar ; .. 3. C. Grifithiana. Leaves obtuse, emarginate or shortin acuminate ; bracts small, inconspicuous ; fruit ellipsoid .. 4. C. crassinervia. Leaves moderate-sized, never over 15 cm. long and 7 cm. broad ; panicles open ; flowers small.. Leaves elliptic, obtuse or shortly acuminate; fruit spherical, about 1:5 cm. in diameter .. 5. C. impressa. Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate ; fruit ovoid-flask-shaped about 2 to 2°5 cm. long, 1-5 em.broad ee ac .. 6. C. rugulosa. Leaves with the under surface slightly hairy, becoming glabrous when old ; net-venation fairly prominent 36 Leaves with under surface glaucescent, minutely pu- berulous; terminal panicles about 15 cm. long ; fruit ovoid or ellipsoid, faintly ribbed, 25 mm. long, 18 mm. broad . -. J. C. tomentosa. Leaves with adder surface podaia Faboaaiene only when young ; terminal panicles about 20 cm. long ; fruit ovoid-oblong, 30-35 mm. long, 15 mm. broad 8. C. ferrea. Leaves with the under surface quite glabrous ; net vena- tion not much raised Leaves prominently bluish-glaucous beneath ; pani- cles blackish-tomentose ; bracts and bracteoles prom- inent, linear, up to 1 cm. long .. 9. C. bracteolata. Leaves merely bluish or greyish ponosthe panicles rusty-tomentose; bracts and bracteoles not promi- nent, small Leaves 5 to 8 cm. broad or broader, obtuse at apex Panicle elongate, 20—25 cm. long ; transverse nervules of leaves prominent, distant .. 10. C.Scortechinit. Panicles short, 10—15 cm. long ; transverse nervules of leaves inconspicuous, very numerous and close o% .. ll. C. areolaia. Leaves scarcely 3—6 cm. broad, acuminate at apex. Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 39 Panicles narrow; bracts of flowers minute ; main nerves of leaves 7—12 pairs .. 12. C. Kurzw. Panicles spreading ; bracts of flowers linear, 3 mm. long; main nerves of leaves 6—S pairs .. Ae Be .. 13. C. cesia. 14. C. enervis. 15. C. Bubon- gana. 16. C. argentea. Species imperfectly known 1. CRYPTOCARYA DENSIFLORA, Blume Bijdr. 556 (1825). A tree reaching 20 m. in height and 40 to 50 cm. in diameter; trunk thick, cylindric; bark reddish, smooth; branchlets dark brown, terete, rather stout, the uppermost somewhat angled and tawny-puberu- lous ; buds lanceolate, tawny-puberulous. Leaves coriaceous, yellow- ish when dry; elliptic or elliptic-ovate, abruptly long-acuminate at apex, the acumen obtuse, attenuate at base; upper surface glabrous, shining, lower glaucous and glabrous, pruinose when fresh ; 8—15 cm. long, 4—7 cm. broad; 3-ribbed from the base or up to 1 cm. above it, all impressed above, the side ribs only little fainter than the midrib, and extending sometimes half-way up, sometimes nearly to the acumen, or joined by loops to the main nerves of which usually only 1 to 2 curving pairs; transverse nervules few, irregular; nervules outside the side ribs about 4—5 looped together; reticulations finely areolately-netted ; petiole stout, 10—15 mm.long. Flowersin axillary or terminal corymbose tawny-pubescent panicles much shorter than the leaves, usually 2—3 cm. in length and breadth; cymules dicho- tomous; bracts ovate, acute, caducous; bracteoles lanceolate; pedi- cels 1—5 mm. long or less. Perianth-tube turbinate, 1:5 mm. long, constricted at the mouth; lobes 2—2°5 mm. long, ovate, obtuse. sparsely villous within. Stamens of Ist and 2nd rows 1:°5—2 mm. long, the connective produced in a rounded tip; filaments pubescent : those of 3rd row similar but more slender; staminodes ovate acu- minate, glabrous in front, villous behind, 1:5 mm. long, stalk °5 mm.; glands glabrous, rounded, stipitate,-°75 mm. long. Ovary and style narrowly subulate ; stigma capitate. Fruit depressed-globose with a conical tip, 15—2 cm. long and rather more in diameter, ipbed and bossed when dry. Seed conform to the pericarp; testan membranous ; cotyledons plane on the inner, rugose and rounded or the outer sides. Koord. and Val. Bijdr. X. 213. Caryodaphne densv- flora, Nees Syst. Laur. 228: Miq. Pl. Jungh. 117 and Fl. Ind. Bat. I. 1, 927; Meissn. in DC. Prodr. XV. i, 76. 40 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. PERAK: in forest near Larit, King’s Collector 3605!, 5480!, 10684 !—Distris. Java, from 650 to 1500 m. alt.; Borneo (Haw- land 3333!). 2. CRyprocaRya WrayI, Gamble in Kew Bull. 142 (1910). A small tree; branchlets nearly black, minutely puberulous, somewhat angular, lenticellate; buds ovate-acuminate, tawny-puberulous. Leaves thickly coriaceous; ovate or orbicular-ovate, shortly and very bluntly acute at apex, truncate at base; upper surface glabrous, shining, lower glaucous and minutely puberulous; 5—7 cm. long, 4—5 cm. broad; 3-ribbed from about 5 mm. above the base with sometimes a minute pair from the base close to the cartilaginous margins, the midrib stout, depressed above, prominent beneath, ex- tending to the apex, the side ribs curved to 2rds or 3ths of the way and with 3—5 outside nerves; main nerves 2—3 pairs from the midrib, curving upwards to and along the margin; transverse nervules many, arched, indistinct ; reticulations minute, areolate on the lower surface; petiole stout, grooved above, 5—10 mm. long. Flowers in terminal or axillary rusty-pubescent panicles of cymes up to 3 cm. long, longer in fruit; the rhachis angular; pedicels very short scarcely 1—2 mm. long; buds clavate, 3 cm. long; bracts and bracteoles deciduous. Perianth-tube funnel-shaped, 1:5 mm. long; lobes as long as tube, orbicular, rusty-pubescent especially without, the throat of the tube rusty-villous. Stamens of Ist and 2nd rows with anthers triangular-ovate, the connective produced in an acute tip, 1-5 mm. long, villous on the rather stout filaments; those of 3rd row rather shorter, the tip more rounded; staminodes triangular acuminate, 1 mm. long, villous on the back, and shortly stipitate; glands glabrous, rounded, -5 mm. lone with the short stalk. Ovary- ovoid-cylindric, slightly villous, produced in a slender style and short capitate stigma. Fruit depressed-globose, glabrous, obscurely ribbed, with a short terminal cup of the bases of the perianth-lobes; 2 cm indiam.,!°5cm. long. Seedconform to the fruit; testa membranous ; cotyledons thick, the inner face nearly plane, outside rugose. PreRAK: at Gunong Bubu, Larit, 1500 m. alt., Wray 3853! 3. CRYPTOCARYA GRIFFITHIANA, Wight Ic. t 1830(1852). A tree, reaching 15 to 25 metres in height and 25 to 75 cm. in diameter of stem; branchlets stout, densely rusty velvety-tomentose. Leaves coriaceous ; oblong-lanceolate to oblong, long caudate-acuminate at apex, acute or cuneate, sometimes rounded at base; glabrous and Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 4] shining on the upper surface when mature except on the midrib which is rusty-tomentose, when young all rusty villous; lower surface glaucous and puberulous, between the densely rusty-tomentose midrib and prominent nervation; 20 to 30 cm. long, 5 to 10 cm. broad; midrib narrow above, broad and prominent below, densely tomentose ; main nerves 8 to 12 pairs gracefully arching to and along the margin, deeply impressed above, prominently raised beneath, each pair joined almost horizontally by sub-parallel transverse nervules, also impressed above; petiole stout, 1 cm. long. Flowers subsessile, in dense crowded rusty-villous bracteate axillary and subterminal pani- cles up to 10 cm. long; bracts linear-lanceolate, usually 5 to 10 mm. long, one with two similar smaller bracteoles to each flower. Pert- anth-tube cylindric, slightly constricted at top, 2 mm. long, densely villous without; lobes ovate-oblong, 4 mm. long, densely rusty- villous. Stamens of Ist and 2nd row about 2 mm. long with villous filaments and ovate anthers, those of 3rd row rather longer, the con- nective produced at the top inan acute crest ; staminodes of 4th row 1-5—2 mm. long, cordate, apiculate, glabrous in fruit, villous behind ; glands shortly stipitate,1mm.long. Ovary narrowly ovoid, glabrous, glandular-dotted, attenuated into a slender style: stigma obtuse. Fruit when young ovoid-oblong, glabrous, obscurely ribbed, attenu- ated into a ring at top and the boss of the perianth-lobes, when old globose with a flask-shaped mouth 2 cm. Jong, 1 cm. in diam. Seed narrowly ovoid, attenuated into a beak; testa membranous, adherent to the persistent perianth tube; cotyledons thick, inside face plane; radicle conical. Kurz For. Fl. I. 295; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. V. 117; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I. i. 923; Brandis Ind. Trees 527. ‘C. infectoria, Miq. var. caudata, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. XV. i. 68. Perak: at Ulu Bubong and Ulu Kerling, 100-200 m., King’s Collector 86593!, 101731, 10999! ; hills at 250—300 m. alt., King’s Collector 107941; Scortechint 510!. Sunerr Usone: Ridley 2042! Mauacca: Griffith 42761; Maingay (K. D.) 1249!; Kurz !; at Merliman, etc. Hoimberg 869!, 899! ; Goodenough 1568!. JOHORE: at Muar, Biawak, Curtis 3614!. SmncarorE: at Changi, Selitar and Teban, Ridiey 175!, 427!, 3382!.—Distris. South Tenasserim. 4. CRYPTOCARYA CRASSINERVIA, Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. I. i, 924 (1855). A tree, reaching a height of 20 to 25 m. and a diameter of stem of 35 to 60 cm.; branchlets stout, subtetragonously angled, densely rusty tomentose as are the inflorescences and the innovations, the hairs of the tomentum unequal. Leaves very coriaceous; 6 42 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. elliptic- or obovate-oblong, or oblong-oblanceolate, sometimes almost orbicular; obtuse, emarginate, sometimes mucronate or shortly acuminate at apex, rounded or slightly attenuate at base; margin usually recurved ; upper surface shining usually conspicuously bullate, glabrous when mature except on the midrib and nerves; lowersurface sreyish-rusty-pubescent between the densely rusty tomentose nerva- tion ; 10—30 cm. long, 5 to 15 cm. broad ; midrib very stout, scarcely raised or impressed on the upper, much raised on the lower surface ; main nerves 5 to 10, impressed above, raised beneath, curving upwards to and along the margin and joined by prominent also impressed transverse nervules, and these again by reticulations; peti- ole stout, 1°5 to 2°5 cm. long. Flowers sessile, in stout dense much branched axillary and terminal panicles up to 10 or 15 em. long; bracts thick, oblong orspathulate, about 4 mm. long, with 2 bracteoles 1 to 2 mm. long to each flower. Perianth-tube cylindric, densely rusty-tomentose, 2—5 mm. long; lobes about 4 mm. long, ovate, 3 nerved, grey, the outer slightly acute, tufted hairy near the tip and somewhat longer than the obtuse inner ones. Stamens of Ist and 2nd row about 2°5 mm. long, the filaments villous, those of 3rd row as long and with the connective crest-like; staminodes of 4th row cordate acuminate, obtuse at apex, hirsute on the back, -2 mm. long; glands large, 1-5 mm. long, glabrous, villous-stipitate. Ovary slender, ending in a long style and obtuse stigma; the young fruit prominently urceolate at first. Fruit ellipsoid, black, glabrous and smooth when ripe, ribbed when young, 2 cm. long by 1-5 cm.in diam- Seeds conform to the enlarged perianth-tube; testa membranous; cotyledons fleshy. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. i. 69. C. infectoria, Mig. var. 8. acuminulata, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. XV. i, 68. Perak: Scortechini 217!; at Maxwell’s Hill, 1000 m., Wray 2962!; about Larit, on low ground and up to 350 m. King’s Collector 2823 !,4448!, 4670!, 5129!. 5347!, 6037!, 6579!, 6719!, 7935!, 8396!; at Bruas, Burn-Murdoch !—Distris. Sumatra (at Fort de Kock, Teysmann Herb, Bog. 1007!), Borneo. This species approaches rather nearly, as hinted by Meissner, to C. Griffith- iana, but is distinguished by the usually very obtuse, short apiculate or even emarginate leaves, the ellipsoid fruit, the small bracts and the blunt stam- inodes. It is therefore considered best to maintain it separate, and the long series of specimens of either species with very little tendency to intermediate (Wray 2962 is the only one slightly so) seems to support the conclusion. Burn-Murdoch gives the Vernacular name ‘‘ Medang miang.’’ 5. CRYPTOCARYA IMPRESSA, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. I.i, 923 (1855). A Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 43 large tree (Wray); branchlets rather stout, dark brown, the upper- most with theinflorescence and innovations densely finely rusty-tomen- tose. Leaves coriaceous; elliptic, shortly and sharply and abruptly acuminate at apex or sometimes ‘obtuse, attenuate at base; dull and glabrous on the upper surface when mature except on the midrib which is raised and broad and rusty-tomentose, lower surface glaucous and puberulous between the densely rusty-tomentose midrib and prominent nervation; 7 to 15 cm. long, 3 to 7 cm. broad; main nerves 6 to 10 pairs, impressed above, much raised beneath, curved upwards to the margin and joined by subparallel transverse nervules, and these again joined by prominent reticulations; petiole very stout, 2cm. long. Flowers subsessile, in spreading bracteate axillary pani- cles rarely longer than the leaves ; bracts linear, about 2 mm. long, with 2 minute bracteoles. Perianth-tube turbinate, 1—5 mm. long, con- stricted at mouth; lobes ovate-oblong, about 2 mm. long, the inner 3 slightly smaller than the others. Stamens of 1st and 2nd row about 1 mm. long, the filaments villous; those of the 3rd row rather longer and with the connective produced in a broad crest; staminodes cordate, glabrous in front, villous behind; glands rounded, villous- stipitate. Ovary narrowly ovoid with a slight angle near the top, slightly villous; style slender; stigma briefly trifid; young fruit prominently urceolate and tomentose without. Frwit nearly spheri- eal, blackish, puberulous, about 1:5 cm. in diam. Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. V. 117. C. infectoria Miq. var. y. opaca, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. XV. i, 69. Perak: at Lower Camp, Gunong Batu Pateh, Wray 1126! Maracas: Griffith! (K.D.) 4277!; Maingay (K. D.) 1250!. Sryea- PORE: in garden jungle, Ridley 4821! or 4921!.—Distris. Sumatra (at Paya Kombo, Teysmann !). Wray’s specimen has smaller leaves than usual, with more obtuse points at apex and less prominent nervation on the upper surface; but I see no reason to doubt it, for some even of Griffith’s specimens come very near it. 6. CRYPTOCARYA RUGULOSA, Hook f. in Fl. Br. Ind. V. 118 (1886). A large tree, reaching 25 to 30 m. in height and adiameter of stem of 60 to 90 cm.; branchlets rather slender, firmly rusty pubescent. Leaves coriaceous ; oblong or ovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate at apex, cuneate at base; shining and glabrous above even on the nerves, finely rusty-pubescent beneath and greyish in the spaces between the nervules; 5—15 cm. long, 3—6 cm. broad ; midrib stout, deeply impressed above, prominent beneath; main 44 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. nerves also impressed above and raised beneath, 5 to 10 pairs, curved upwards, and joined by subparallel transverse nervules also impressed above, and these again by a minute network of reticulations ; petiole 1 cm. long, usually twisted. Flowers very small, pedicellate, in slender rusty pubescent much branched terminal or axillary leafy panicles about as long as the leaves ; bracts at base of pedicel oblong, 1-5 mm. long, bracteoles 3 much shorter; pedicels -5 mm. long. Perianth-tube cylindrical, constricted at mouth, 1-5 to 2 mm. long; lobes ovate, obtuse, equal, as long as tube, nearly glabrous within. Stamens of Ist and 2nd rowsshort, anthers ovate, filaments villous, connective glandular dotted; those of 3rd row obtuse, also dotted, and with rather large reflexed crest; staminodes of 4th row cordate acuminate, dotted, villous on the back, ‘75 mm. long; glands -5 mm. long, stipitate. Ovary narrowly ovate, attenuate into the style; stigma obtuse. Fruit black, glabrous, ovoid-flask-shaped, acute at apex, 2 to 2-5 cm. long, 1:5 cm. broad. Seed conforms to the fruit; testa membranous, dark brown; cotyledons very fleshy. PEnanG: at Muka Head, Curtis 958!. Perak: Road to Bruas Dinding, Ridley 8359!; at Lumut Dinding, Ridley 10314!; dense forest about Lariat at 150—300 m. alt., King’s Collector 3749!, 5311 !, 6279!. Matacca: Maingay (K. C ) 1262!; Hullett 664 !. 7. CRYPTOCARYA TOMENTOSA, Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I. i, 335 (1851). A tree reaching a height of 15 to 20 m. and a diam. of 25 to 35 cm.; branchlets brown, rather stout, somewhat angular with prominent rather large lenticels, uppermost and innovations tawny-puberulous. Leaves chartaceo-coriaceous; elliptic or oblong- lanceolate, sometimes subovate, shortly acuminate at apex, cuneate attenuate or occasionally rounded at base; upper surface glabrous except on the midrib and main nerves, dull or slightly shining, lower glaucescent, tawny villous on the midrib and nerves minutely puberulous between them, ultimately almost or quite glabrous; 10—20 cm. long, 4—8 cm. broad; midrib stout, slightly impressed above, prominent beneath; main nerves 8 to 15, slightly raised on the upper surface, curving upwards to and along the margin and there sometimes joining in loops, secondary nerves occasional, transverse nervules subparallel, slender, moderately conspicuous as are the reticulations between them; petiole 1 cm. long, puberulous. Flowers pedicellate, in axillary or terminal branching grey- or tawny-pubes- cent panicles shorter than the leaves and about 10 cm. longif axillary, if terminal reaching 15 cm. or more; cymes spreading, corymbose ; Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 45 bracts and bracteoles minute, caducous; pedicels 1 mm. long. Pert- anth-tube funnel-shaped, 1-5 mm. long; lobes as long, interior of flower only very slightly sericeous, quite as in C. ferrea as are the stamens and ovary. Fruzt ovoid or ellipsoid, black, smooth, ribbed when young, faintly so when old, 25 mm. long, 18 mm. broad, apex truncate, depressed, the base rounded. Seed conform to the fruit, 15 mm. long, 10 mm. broad, depressed at apex; testa chartaceous > cotyledons fleshy. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I. i, 923; Meissn. in DC. Prodr. XV i, 71; Koord. and Val. Bijdr. X. 218. OC. glaucescens, ‘Hassk. Cat. Bog. 89. Perak: at Batu Kuran, Scortechini!; near Kinta river and elsewhere up to 160 m., King’s Collector 5744 !,7050!, 7818 !, 8776 !.— Distr. Java, Borneo. var. rugosa, Gamble. Panicles with conspicuously rugose bran- ches; leaves glabrous, petioles very thick, 1 to 15 cm. long. Maxacca: at Sungei Hudang, Derry 1142! (Ridley). This is a species of whose identification I have felt a little doubtful, the specimen sheets of true C. tomentosa at Kew and Calcutta being very few and consisting chiefly of rather young sprays. But I think, to judge from the Calcutta material, both from Java and Borneo, and from the descriptions, that I am right. 8. CRYPTOCARYA FERREA, Blume Bijdr. 557 (1825). A tree, reaching 15 to 20 m. in height and 25 to 35 em. in diam. ; branchlets stout, angular, rough and lenticellate, the ultimate ones and the inflorescence minutely rusty-pubescent. Leaves chartaceo-coriaceous ; oblong or oblong-obovate, sometimes oblong-lanceolate, obtuse at tip with a short acumen, cuneate or alternate at base sometimes rounded ; upper surface dull or slightly shining; glabrous, lower pale reddish or cinnamon-brown, puberulous only when young and on the nerves ; 10—25 em. long, 5—10 cm, broad; midrib stout, slightly impressed above, prominent beneath; main nerves 9 to 12, or sometimes 15 pairs, impressed slightly above, the lowest pair small and close to the margin, all gently curving to the margin and joined by prominent rather distant and irregular transverse nervules, which enclose a minutely netted reticulation; petiole 5—10 mm. long, rough, puberu- lous in young leaves. Flowers pedice!led, in axillary or terminal rusty-puberulous panicles, the axillary ones usually shorter than the leaves, the terminal reaching sometimes a length of 20 and breadth of 15 ecm., branches spreading, cymes trichotomous; bracts and bracteoles small, ovate-lanceolate, caducous; pedicels about 1 mm. 46 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. long. Perianth-tube funnel-shaped, 1—-5 mm. long; lobes ovate, equal or the inner slightly smaller, 2 mm. long, only slightly pubes- cent within. Stamens of Ist and 2nd series rounded at tip, filaments slightly sericeous, those of 3rd series usually acute at tip; glands subsessile, glabrous, alternate with the outer 6 stamens; staminodes of 4th row cordate acuminate very shortly villous-stipitate. Ovary slender, glabrous. Fruit ovoid-oblong, 3—3°5 cm. long, 1°5 cm. in diam., attenuate to the slightly truncate apiculate tip, black, smooth ; pedicel clavate. Nees Syst. Laurin. 216; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I. i, 921; Meissn. in DC. Prodr. XV. i, 69; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. V. 119; Koord. and Val. Bijdr. X. 216. ©. oblongifolia, Bl. 1. c. 557. ; Nees 1. c. 215. ©. obscura, Bl. in Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1. 335. C. Mentek, Bl. in Neos l. c. 218. Penang: at Pulau Boetong Reserve, Curtis 2739!. PERAK: about Larit up to 350 m. King’s Collector 3909!, 5974!, 6166}, 8562 !, 8708!, 8818!,10976!. Matacca: at Sungei Udang, Derry 425!:at Bukit Sidwan, Pun Bebas 131!; at Sungei Udang, Grood- enough 1358!. JoHORE: Pmerong, Cantley 8!. SincaPpoRE: at Choa- chukang, Ridley 5996 !, 8040 !.—Distris. Java. Vern. ‘ Kayu Medang Kuning’ (Pun Bebas); ‘Medang Merah’ (Good- enough). In reference to the doubt regarding the identification of this species given in the Fl. Br. Ind., I have compared the descriptions and available specimens of both the Peninsular and Archipelago species and believe it to be correct. 9. CRYPTOCARYA BRACTEOLATA, Gamble in Kew Bull. 143 (1910). A tree, reaching 18 to 24 m. in height and 40 to 50 cm. in diam. ; branchlets terete, light brown, minutely grey-puberulous ; innovations and upper branchlets, also the inflorescence, dark rusty-tomentose. Leaves coriaceous ; ovate or elliptic, bluntly acuminate at apex, cuneate at base; upper surface dull or very slightly shining, glabrous except the midrib, lower surface bluish-glaucous, almost quite white when dry, the midrib and main nerves tawny-puberulous ; 10—18 cm. long, 4—8 cm. broad ; midrib rather slender, slightly impressed above ; main nerves 6 to 8 pairs, the lowest from very near the base, curved upwards to and along the margin, joined by irregularly subparallel rather distant transverse nervules, and these again by the somewhat prominent reticulations ; petiole 1—2 cm. long, twisted. Flowers in axillary or terminal long-bracteate blackish tomentose panicles much shorter than the leaves, the axillary ones rarely up to 5cm. the termi- nal rather longer; bracts and bracteoles similar, linear, up to 1 cm. Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 47 long, the tip inrolled; pedicels 1—2 mm. long. Perianth-tube funnel-shaped, about 5 mm. long, thickened above; lobes oblong, rounded, 3—5 mm. long. Stamens of ist and 2nd rows with rounded connective and villous filaments; those of 3rd row with connective acute; staminodes cordate-acuminate, penicillate at tip; glands rounded, prominently stalked. Ovary and style slender, glabrous ; stigma capitate. Fruit black, glabrous, depressed-globose, 15 mm. long, 18 mm. in diam., tipped with a conspicuousapex. Seed conform with the fruit; testa membranous; cotyledons thick, hemi-spherical. PERAK: in dense jungle near Lariit, on hills from 150 to 450 m. alt., King’s Collector 67321, 7521 !. 10. CryprocarRya ScorTEcHINIT, Gamble in Kew Bull. 143 (1910). A tree reaching 18 to 24 m.in height anda diameter of stem of 40 to 50 cm., branchlets pale brown, angular, puberulous ; inno- vations rusty pubescent. Leaves coriaceous; elliptic, elliptic-oblong or elliptic-lanceolate, obtuse or shortly acuminate sometimes long- acuminate at apex, attenuate at base; upper surface somewhat shin- ing, glabrous, reticulate, lower purplish-grey or -glaucescent also glabrous except sometimes for aslight pubescence on the midrib and main nerves; 10—20 cm. long, 5—10 cm. broad; midrib stout, slightly impressed above ; main nerves 6 to 9 pairs, curving upwards to meet in loops near the margin and joined by a few irregular tranverse nervules and a prominent reticulation, the nerves and reticulation slightly raised above; petiole stout, channelled above, 1—2 cm. long. Flowers shortly pedicelled, in axillary or terminal branched panicles reaching 20—25 cm. long, the branches nearly glabrous, the flowers minutely tawny-grey-pubescent ; main peduncles about 6 cm. long; cymes spreading, ending in 2 pedicellate with 1 sessile flower; bracts and bracteoles ovate-lanceolate, acute, pubes- cent; pedicels 1 mm. long. Perianth-tube funnel-shaped, 1-5 mm. long; lobes ovate as long as tube, puberulous within. Stamens of ist and 2nd series rounded at top, filaments villous; those of 3rd series narrower, broadly crested at top, filaments villous; staminodes of 4th row cordate acuminate, villous on the back; glands rounded, globose, shortly stipitate. Ovary lanceolate, globose, style slender. Fruit oblong-ellipsoid, truncate at tip, glabrous, 3 cm. long, 10—15 mm. indiam.; pericarp (enlarged perianth-tube) thick, rugose ; pedicels much thickened, rusty-brown. Seed oblong, acute; testa mem- branous, cotyledons fleshy. Prrak: at Thaiping, Ridley 2966! ; at Gunong Haram, Scortechiniz 48 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 568!, 619!; near Larit, up to 1500 m. alt., King’s Collector 6281 !, 6297!, 6298!, 6871!, 8686!, 10895!. Sunerr vusone: Ridley 5849 !. In its leaves and inflorescence this species strongly resembles C. Wightiuna, Thwaites, but in its fruit it is quite different ; for that of C. Wightiana is globose and smooth and has not the very prominently enlarged pedicels. Ridley’s 5849 has the perianth-tube longer than it is in the other specimens, but this is probably due to the flowers being on the verge of the fruiting stage. 11. CryPTOCARYA AREOLATA, Gamble in Kew Bull. 144 (1910). A large tree, reaching 15 to 20 m. in height and 40 to 50 cm. in diam.; branchlets stout, angular, sparsely rusty puberulous and closely roughly lenticellate, innovations and inflorescence minutely rusty puberulous. Leaves coriaceous; ovate or elliptic ovate, the younger sometimes lanceolate, obtusely acute or rounded at apex, rarely acuminate, cuneate and often unequal at base; upper sur- face smooth, glabrous and somewhat shining, areolate-reticulate, lower glaucous, purplish when dry, glabrous except on the midrib and main nerves; 10 to 20 cm. long, 5 to 8 cm. broad; midrib moderately stout, flattened or somewhat keeled on the upper sur- face, prominent on the lower; main nerves 5 to 10 pairs, rather distant, the lowest pair close to the margin, all at first more or less straight and then curving to and along the margin, joined by many slender parallel transverse nervules scarcely more conspicuous than the elegantly areolate reticulations between them; petiole curved, 2cm. long. Flowers subsessile, in axillary or terminal rusty- pubescent branching panicles of cymes, 10 to 15 cm. long; bracts and bracteoles ovate-lanceolate, early caducous. Perianth-tube cylindrical, 1-5 mm. long; lobes ovate, equal, 2°5 mm. long, pubes- cent within. Stamens of lst and 2nd rows with villous filaments and broadly crested subacute connective 1—1-:5 mm. long, those of 3rd row similar but longer and prominently crested ; staminodes of 4th row sagittate, sharply acuminate, 1 mm. long, villous behind and at the base; glandslarge, rounded and glabrous, villous-stipitate. Ovary slender as is the style, slightly angled on one side near the top; stigma capitate. Fruit not known. PERAK: at Sungie Larit, Wray 2456!; in open jungle on low- eround at 100—256 m., King’s Collector 6017 !, 6171 !, 8630 !. 12. Cryprocarya Kurz, Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. V. 119 (1886). A small tree reaching 10 to 12 m. in height and with stem 10 to 15 cm. in diameter; branchlets rather slender, terete, lenticellate, gla- Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 49 brous except the tawny-puberulousinnovations. Leaves chartaceous ; lanceolate or ovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate at apex, cuneate or acute or rounded at base; upper surface red-brown, shining or dull, glabrous except sometimes on the midrib, lower surface brown-giaucous or bluish-glaucous, sometimes minutely puberulous on the midrib and main nerves; 10—20 cm. long, 3—6 em. broad ; midrib fairly stout, slightly impressed above as are the 7 to 12 pairs of oblique main nerves which are joined by slender inconspicuous subparalle! nervules and the minutely netted reticu- lation; petiole 1—1-5 cm. long, thickened, rugose, nearly glabrous. Flowers subsessile, in tawny-pubescent axillary or terminal panicles, the axillary curved and shorter than the leaves, the terminal usually Somewhat elongate ; bracts and bracteoles minute, caducous. Peri- anth-tube funnel-shaped, 15 mm. long; lobes ovate-acute or the iner rounded, sub-equal, sparsely golden-pubescent within, 2 mm. long. Stamens of lst and 2nd rows 1:5 mm. long, connective produced in a membranous subacute tip, filaments villous; those of 3rd row similar but more slender ; staminodes of 4th row cordate, acuminate, villous at back and on the short base, 1 mm. long; glands rounded, glabrous, -5 mm. long on villous stalks -25 mm. long. Ovary slender, glandular, glabrous; stigma capitate. Fruit urceolate when young, when old black, ovoid, acute, reaching about 15 cm. long and 1 cm. broad. C. Wightiana, 3. Griffithii, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. XV. 1. 70 (excl. the Canara plant). C. ferrea, Kurz For. Fl. IT. 295 (not of Blume). PERAK: at Thaipeng, Wray 2650; in dense jungle near Larut, King’s Collector 3042!, 3901!, 5250!, 5320!, 5395!, 6083!, 6571!, 8469!. Manacca: Derry 324!. SryaapoRE: Chanchukang, Ridley 3761!, 4134!, 5996!, 6158!.—Distris. Tenasserim, Java, Borneo (Haviland 3082!, 3652!). This species seems, by description, to be very near to C. acutiflora, Bl., but it does not agree with the only specimens of the latter that I have seen. I do not feel quite sure I am right in identifying the large available material as belonging to C. Kurzit, of which I have only seen two sheets at Kew (Gréffith 4274 K.D. 1142) ; but I believe it is correct to do so. Ihave been a little in doubt about K.C. 6083 as to the possibility of its being the flowering form of C. argentea, but I think not. 13. Cryprocarya cas1a, Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I. 335 (1851). A tree; branchlets pale brown, slender, terete, softly tawny- velvety. Leaves chartacecus; ovate- or elliptic-oblong, long blunt acuminate at apex, attenuate, often unequally, at base; upper a 50 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. surface duil, glabrous except on the midrib, lower surface glaucous or glaucescent, minutely puberulous when young, afterwards glabrous ; 9—14 em. long, 3—5 cm. broad; midrib moderately thick, impressed and keeled on the upper surface, prominent on the lower; main nerves 6—8 pairs, impressed above and slightly keeled, raised beneath , curved obliquely upwards to the margin and joined by rather indis- tinct irregular transverse nervules and a minutely netted reticula- tion; petiole 1 cm. long, moderately stout. Flowers in axillary or terminal tawny-pubescent panicies, the axillary shorter than the leaves, the terminal elongated ; branches slender, cymules few-flow- ered ; bracts linear, about 3mm.long; bracteoles similar but smaller; pedicels none in central flowers, about 1 mm. long in lateral ones. Perianth-tube funnel-shaped, 1°5 mm. long; lobes as long, ovate, rounded at tip, slightly tawny-villous within. Stamens of Ist and 2nd rows with acute anther connectives and villous filaments; those of 3rd row similar and rather longer ; staminodes cordate, acute, villous on the back; glands rounded, glabrous, the pedicel villous. Ovary and style slender, glabrous ; stigma discoid. Fruit globose, smooth, 10—12 mm. in diam., pericarp fleshy. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. I. 1. 925. Mawacca : at Sudang Reserve, Derry 1144!. SrneaporEe: Chan- chukang and Bukit Mandai, Ridley 4820!, 6665!.—DistRis. Java, Andaman Islands. Species imperfectly known. 14. CRYPTOCARYA ENERVIS, Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. V. 119 (1886). An evergreen tree (?); branchlets slender, black when dry, glabrous. Leaves thinly coriaceous; elliptic-lanceolate, caudate-acu- minate at apex, acuminate at base; both surfaces glabrous, brown- ish green when dry, subglaucous and violet-brown beneath; 7—12 em. long, 2—4 cm. broad; midrib slender, raised on the upper surface ; main nerves 6—8 pairs, faint, curving upwards to and along the margin and there joining in diminishing slender loops ; transverse nervules few, irregular, faint as are the reticulations ; petiole slender, about 1 cm. long, bordered above by the decurrent margins of the blade. Slowers apparently in slender axillary panicles shorter than the leaves, the flowers themselves wanting. Fruit globose, smooth, 10—12 mm. in diam., faintly sulcate, tip short, obtuse. Matacca : Griffith K.D. 4336! 15. CRYPTOCARYA BUBONGANA, Gamble in Kew Bull. 144 (1910). A large tree, reaching 15 to 20m. in height and 60 cm. in diam. of -. Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 51 stem; branchlets stout, angular, dark brown, uppermost minutely puberulous. Leaves coriaceous; elliptic or elliptic-oblong, shortly acuminate at apex, attenuately rounded often unequally at base; glabrous on both surfaces, dull on the upper; 10—16 cm. long, 3—6 em. broad ; midrib very stout, slightly impressed and keeled on the upper surface, very prominent on the iower; main nerves 6 to 9 pairs, slightly impressed above, very prominent beneath, curved sradually upwards to and along the margin and joined by very slender close subparallel transverse nervules and minutely netted reticula- tion ; petiole curved, slightly puberulous, 10to15mm. long. Panicles lateral; few-flowered, stout, shorter than the leaves. Flowers not known. Fruit globose, glabrous, dark green, black whendry, 10—12 mm. in diameter. PERAK: open mixed jungle on Ulu Bubong at 150 to 250 m. King’s Collector 10570! 16. CRYPTOCARYA ARGENTEA, Gamble in Kew Bull. 144 (1910). An evergreen tree reaching 15 to 20 m. in height and 37 to 50 cm. in diam. of stem; branchlets slender, pale brown, lenticellate, the uppermost minutely puberulous. Leaves coriaceous, often bullate ; oblong or oblong-lanceolate, shortly obtusely acuminate at apex, cuneate at base; upper surface bright green when fresh, brown when dry, shining, glabrous, lower silvery-grey when fresh, bluish-glaucous when dry, the nerves puberulous ; 8—15 cm. long, 3—6 cm. broad ; midrib rather slender, strongly impressed above; main nerves 8—10 pairs, slightly impressed above, curved to near the margin and then meeting in a small loop, joined by irregular transverse nervules and an obscure reticulation ; petiole slender, 9—12 cm. long, black when dry. Flowers in axillary or terminal slender panicles reaching about 6 cm. in length; only young fruit (ellipsoid, faintly ribbed) known. PERAK: in dense jungle at 90—180 m. alt., King’s Collector 7966 ! This species comes near to C. Kurz, Hook. f. Tribe I]. APOLLONIEZ. 2. BrI~scHMIEDIA, Nees. Evergreen trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate or opposite, usually coriaceous, penni-nerved, venose-reticulate. Flowers usually small, hermaphrodite, axillary lateral or subterminal, racemose or panicled. 52 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. Perianth-tube short; lobes 6, subequal, deciduous after flowering. Stamens 9 perfect, with 2-celled anthers, those of the Ist and 2nd rows introrse ; those of the 3rd extrorse; staminodes of the 4th row cordate or ovoid, often concave in front, shortly stipitate ; glands 6, stipitate, nearly as large as the staminodes, between the 2nd and 3rd row of stamens and rather nearer the latter with which they often come away though not attached to the filaments. Ovary sessile, free from the perianth, attenuate into the style; stigma obtuse. Fruit an oblong ovoid or globose berry; pedicels not or only thickened below, little at the perianth-ring; perianth quite deciduous leaving a narrow ring; cotyledons fleshy with often a rudi- mentary dissepiment between them, sometimes ruminate.—DiIsTRIB. About 20 species, all tropical. Leaves very coriaceous, brown when dry. 20—35cm. long, 7—12 em. broad ; flowers in panicles over 10 cm. long. | Leaves oblong, perianth-lobes ovate, 1—5 mm. long; stamens short. . an an a6 1. B. insignis. Leaves obovate, perianth-lobes oblong, 4 mm. long; stamens rather long a8 oc Ne 2. B. Kunstlerz. Leaves coriaceous, greenish above when dry, 10—20 cm. long, 3—10 em. broad; flower panicles mostly under 10 em. long. Leaves alternate; flowers rather large; perianth- lobes 3 mm. long. Leaves glabrous on the reddish brown under surface; perianth-tube flattened. . .. 3 B. malaccensis. Leaves villous on the purplish under surface ; perianth-tube conical as .. 4 B. Curtisi. Leaves subopposite, rusty-villous; flowers rather large, in panicles 12 cm. long; perianth-lobes 2°5 em. long hs 46 .. 5. B. Scortechini. Leaves opposite ; panicles subglabrous, very slender, up to 6 cm. long; flowers very small.. .. 6. B. lumutensis. Leaves thinly coriaceous or chartaceous, alternate or subopposite. Flower-panicles dense, under 4 em. long; perianth- lobes 3 mm. long; leaves reddish-brown when dry 7. B. Maingayi. Flower-panicles spreading, 10—14 cm. long. Leaves usually shining, greenish on upper sur- face when dry; main nerves regular, parallel; panicles grey ae a0 .. 8. B. longipes. Leaves usually dull, reddish-brown on upper surface when dry ; main nerves irregular; pani- cles reddish A ae 9. B. perakensis. Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 53 Flowers in very short bracteate racemes; perianth- lobes 1 mm. long; leaves reddish-brown when dry; branchlets white .. ae .. 10. B. penangiana. Species imperfectly known. Leaves membranous, elliptic or elliptic ovate ; fruit up to 15 mm. long ee au 2 11. B. membranacea. Leaves chartaceous, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate ; fruit up to 25 mm. long a as .. 12. B. pahangensis. Leaves coriaceous, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate; fruit 35 mm. long si a ac -.. 13. B. Foxiana. 1. BEILSCHIMIEDIA INSIGNIS, Gamble in Kew Bull. 147 (1910). A medium-sized tree, reaching 15 to 20 m. in height and 45 to 60 cm. in diameter of stem; branchlets dark brown, stout, glabrous, lenticel- late; buds slender up to 1 cm. long with glabrous lanceolate scales. Leaves very coriaceous, opposite or alternate; oblong or oblong- oblanceolate, acute at apex, attenuate at base; both surfaces glab- rous, shining, olive-brown when dry; 20—35 cm. long, 7—12 cm. broad; midrib stout, slightly impressed above, keeled beneath when dry; main nerves 10 to 15 pairs slightly impressed above and raised beneath, starting at 50° to 60° with the midrib and curving up to and along the margin where they end in gradually diminishing small loops between the angular transverse nervules, these and the net venation being raised and well marked on the under, less so on the upper surface ; petiole stout, channelled above, 20—25 mm. long. Flowers in slender axillary panicles up to 12 cm. long; rhachis glabrous, flattened; branches slender with few- (2—3-) flowered cymules; pedicels slender, 2 mm. long. Perianth-tube cup-shaped, 1 mm. long; lobes ovate, obtuse, 1-5 mm. long, glabrous on both sides except a slight ring below the stamens. Stamens of Ist and 2nd rows 1:5 mm. long, filaments broad, slightly white-villous, con- nective rounded at apex; stamens of 3rd row similar but longer and rather more slender, the 2 basal glands broad, obtuse, stipitate ; staminodes of 4th row cordate, acuminate, concave in front, slightly villous behind, rather longer (‘75 mm.) than the glands Ovary ovoid, narrowed into a short style; stigma somewhat bifid. Fruit globose, reddish-brown to black, rough, 3—4 cm. in diam., shortly apiculate, the basal ring of the fallen perianth very narrow. PERAK : in dense jungle on low ground under 30 m. above sea- level, King’s Collector 6615 !, 8479 !. 54 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 2. BEILSCHMIEDIA KuUNSTLERI, Gamble in Kew Bull. 147 (1910). A large tree, reaching 24 to 30 m. in height and 60 cm. or more in diam. of stem ; branches very stout, 1—2 cm. in diam. at the top; bark corky, rough, with prominent leaf- scars; leaf-buds thick, ovoid, scales ovate andrusty-puberulous. Leaves very coriaceous, opposite or alternate ; obovate or obovate-oblong, rounded or obtusely acute at apex, long cuneate or attenuate at base; both surfaces glabrous, shining, prominently reticulate; margins recurved ; 25 —35 cm. long, 9—12 cm. broad; midrib stout, impressed on the upper, much raised on the lower surface; main nerves 10—12 pairs, irregular, impressed above, sharply raised beneath, starting at 40°—50° with the midrib and gently curving to and along the margin where they meet in irregular loops ; secondary nerves and transverse nervules prominent, irregular as is the prominently raised reticulation ; petiole very stout, rough, puberulous, 1°5—2°5 cm. long. Flowers velvety dark red, in axillary branching slightly puberulous panicles up to 20 cm. long ; the rhachis angular flattened as are the branches; pedicels slender, 1—2 mm. long. Perianth-tube very short, flattened; lobes oblong, obtuse, glandular, 4 mm. long, glabrous except a ring below the stamens. Stamens of Ist and 2nd rows slender, 2—2°5 cm. long, filaments villous, connective acute, anther cells elongate ; those of 3rd row similar, the 2 basal glands rounded stipitate, -5 mm. long ; staminodes of 4th row cordate, acuminate, stipitate, concave in front, slightly villous behind, 1 mm. long. Ovary ovoid, gradually attenuate into a rather slender style; stigma obtuse. rust (young only) obovoid, rugose, glabrous, apiculate, the ring of the fallen perianth-lobes pale, undulate. PpRAK: in dense jungle on low ground near Lartt, King’s Col- lector 6854!. SrinGAPoRE: at Bukit Timah, Bayliss 5885!. 3. BEILSCHMIEDIA MALACCENSIS, Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. V. 123 (1886). A tree; branchlets stout, shining, lenticellate, uppermost angular, innovations and leaf-buds dark purplish rusty-pubescent ; buds ovate-lanceolate. Leaves coriaceous, alternate; elliptic or ellip- tic-oblong, obtuse or acute at apex, attenuate often unequally at base; both surfaces glabrous, upper greenish-brown when dry, paler along the nerves, moderately shining, lower reddish-brown; 12—20 cm. long, 6—10 cm. broad; midrib prominent beneath, slightly raised above; main nerves 8 to 12 pairs, slightly depressed above, very prominent beneath, starting at an angle of about 60° with the midrib and curving to and along the margin, the upper ones joining Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 55 in prominent loops; secondary nerves often prominent, branching into the prominently widely netted reticulations which are raised on both surfaces when dry; petiole very stout, rough, 1—2 cm. long. Flowers in axillary panicles up to 6 cm. long, usually ascending, the peduncle and divaricating branches stout, purplish rusty-pubescent, often flattened; bracts ovate-cblong, caducous; pedicels stout, densely purplish pubescent, 2—3 mm. long; in young fruit the scar of the fallen perianth making a white ring. Perianth-tube very short, spreading, flattened ; lobes linear oblong, 3 mm. long, sparsely purplish-villous within. Stamens slender, those of the outer rows linear, 2 mm. long, pubescent; those of the inner row similar but slightly longer, the glands cordate, -75 mm. long; staminodes also cordate on pubescent filaments, 1—1°5 mm. long. Ovary conoidal, glabrous; style slender; stigma small, capitate. Fruit notseen. B. Roxburghiana B ? malaccensis, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. XV. i. 63. Mauacca: Griffith!; Maingay K. D. 1260!. Srycarore: at Bukit Timah, Ridley 4424! 4, BEILSCHMIEDIA CurtTIsir, Gamble in Kew Bull. 148 (1910). A tree, reaching 15 to 20 m. in height; branchlets very stout, densely dark rusty-tomentose; leaf-buds ovoid with pale tomentum on the few scales. Leaves coriaceous, alternate; elliptic, rounded at apex with a very short acuminate point, rounded or obtusely acute at base ; upper surface shining, olive green when dry, glabrous except on the midrib and main nerves, lower surface dark reddish-brown, rusty-villous throughout, tomentose on the nerves ; margins recurved ; 15—30 cm. long, 8—13 cm. broad ; midrib stout, impressed and often keeled above, prominent beneath; main nerves 10 to 12 pairs, im- pressed above, prominently raised beneath, leaving the midrib at about 60° and only slightly curving to very close to the margin where they, at any rate the uppermost, join in loops; secondary nerves few, short; transverse nervules rather irregular and distant ; reticulations visible on the upper surface as a prominently raised network; petiole very stout, rusty-tomentose, 2—3 cm. long. Flow- ers in short axillary rusty-tomentose corymbose panicles up to about 2-5 em. long, elongating in fruit; bracts ovate, obtuse, caducous ; pedicels rather slender, 1:5—2 mm. long. Perianth-tube obconical ; lobes ovate or oblong, the outer slightly the larger, prominently rusty hispid-villous, 3—3°5 mm. long. Stamens slender, those of the outer rows 1‘5—2 mm. long, obtuse, the cells oblong, the filaments villous; those of the third row rather longer but similar, the glands 56 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. very short, cordate; staminodes cordate, 1 mm. long, very shortly villous-stipitate. Ovary conoidal, glabrous; style slender; stigma small, capitate. Fruit oblong or obovoid, nearly black, smooth, 25 mm. long, 12—15 mm. broad, supported by the very narrow ring of the fallen perianth, the pedicels thickened to 3 mm. in diam. ; pericarp woody. PENANG: on Government Hill at 600 m. alt., Curtis 1015! ; SINGAPORE : in garden jungle, Ridley 8075! 5. BEILSCHMIEDIA SCORTECHINI, Gamble in Kew Bull. 148 (1910). A tree; branches stout, their bark dark brown, rough, with large lenticels; branchlets stout, flattened, rusty-pubescent ; buds lanceolate, rusty pubescent, 7 mm. long. Leaves coriaceous, sub- opposite; oblong-lanceolate, longitudinally folded when young, acu- minate at apex, attenuate at base ; upper surface glabrous except the midrib, lower rusty-puberulous when young, afterwards glabrescent but still rusty-brown ; 12—20 cm. long, 3—5 cm. broad; midrib very stout, scarcely raised on the upper, very much so on the lower, surface ; main nerves about 12 pairs, at an angle of about 60° with the midrib, gently curved to join in diminishing loops near the margin; reticulations irregular, very prominent, netted and raised on the upper surface; petiole very stout, rusty-pubescent, 15—25cm.long. Flowers in axillary rusty-pubescent few-branched panicles reaching 12 cm. long and about 6 cm. broad ; peduncle about 6 cm. long, those of branches about 2 cm.; all branches stout and often flattened; pedicels 2 mm. long; bracts and bracteoles very small, caducous; flower-buds globose. Perianth-tube campanulate, 155 mm. long; lobes oblong, 2°5 mm. long, rusty-villous within. Stamens of 1st and 2nd rows stout, 2 mm. long, filaments pubescent, connective obtuse or emarginate at apex; stamens of 3rd row as long as the others but more slender, emarginate at apex, their 2 basal glands rather large cordate stipitate; staminodes of 4th row cordate obtuse, concave in front, pubescent behind, scarcely larger than the glands. Ovary puberulous, style rather slender; stigma obtuse. Fruit not known. PERAK: at Caulfield’s Hill, 1220 m. alt., Scortechini 483! 493!. 6. BEILSCHMIEDIA LUMUTENSIS, Gamble in Kew Bull. 148 (1910). An evergreen tree (?); branchlets slender, glabrous, reddish-brown ; buds linear, glabrous. Leaves coriaceous, opposite, prominently reti- culate ; elliptic to elliptic-oblong, acute at apex, attenuate at base; Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 57 both surfaces glabrous, shining, olive-brown when dry; 10—14 cm. long, 4—6 cm. broad; midrib rather slender, slightly impressed above, raised beneath; main nerves 8—10 pairs, the lowest quite close to the margin, at about 65° with the midrib, curved to anas- tomose near the margin and joined by an irregular prominent net- work of reticulation, all raised on both surfaces; petiole 7—12 cm. long, reddish. Flowers in axillary glabrous panicles of 4—5 slender elongate branches from a short (about 2—3 mm. long) thick peduncle which sometimes bears leafy branches; the branches 4—6 cm. long, ending in few-flowered cymules; pedicels slender; buds globose; flowers very small, subglabrous. Perianth-tube campanulate, glabrous, gland dotted; lobes short, ovate or nearly orbicular, glabrous except for a narrow villous ring at the base of the stamens, tube and lobes together about 1-5 mm. long. Stamens of Ist and 2nd row about 1 mm. long, connective acute; those of 3rd row similar, the 2 basal glands rather large; staminodes of 4th row cordate, stipitate, all glabrous, or the filaments slightly villous. Ovary ovoid, glabrous, tapering into a short style; stigma obtuse. Fruit not known. Pgrrak: at Lumut Dinding, Ridley 10323! 7. Berscumrepia Martneayi, Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. V. 123 (1886). A tree: branchlets very stout, the pale brown corky bark marked by longitudinal clefts, prominent leaf scars and very large round lenticels ; leaf-buds ovoid with densely rusty-tomentose scales. Leaves chartaceous, subopposite, often folded longitudinally; obovate or oblanceolate, abruptly acuminate at apex, narrowly acuminate at base; both surfaces glabrous, reddish-brown when dry; 12—24 em. long, 4—14 cm. broad; midrib stout, impressed above and keeled ; main nerves 7—9 pairs, distant, not very prominent, starting at 60° or less (lowest pair 30°) with the midrib and curving to the margin and along it and joined together by irregular branches and diminishing loops; reticulations irregular, prominent and slightly raised on both surfaces; petiole stout, curved, 1—2°5 cm. long. Flowers in dense axillary rusty-tomentose panicles up to 4 cm. long and 3—4 cm. broad; rhachis and branches stout, usually flattened ; bracts many, conspicuous, ovate, obtuse, densely rusty-tomentose, about 6—8 cm. long; bracteoles small; pedicels very short; buds cordate-globose. Perianth-tube very short ; lobes ovate, broad, 3 mm. long, villous within. Stamens of Ist and 2nd row 1°5 mm. long, filaments thick, flattened, puberulous, anther-cells oblong, apex of connective obtuse; those of 3rd row similar but rather more acute 8 58 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. and 2:5 mm. long, the 2 glands close behind their bases large ovoid, glabrous, shortly stipitate ; staminodes of 4th row ovate, obliquely acuminate, concave in front, densely pubescent behind, 1-5 mm. long. Ovary ovoid, sparsely villous: style elongate ; stigma obtuse. Fruit not known. PERAK : at Gunong Haram, Scortechini 727!; at Lumut, Ridley 3104!. Matacca: Maingay K. D. 1268! King’s Collector 4554! and 5445! from Goping, Perak, 150—-300 m. alt., may be fruiting specimens of this species. The leaves are rather smaller but have much the same texture and nervation. Should it prove to be so, the fol- lowing must be added to the description: Fruit ellipsoid-cbovoid, 2°5—3°5 cm. long, 1°5 cm. in diam., somewhat acute at apex with an oblique tip, nearly black, smooth; ,pedicels enlarged to 5 mm. in diam., rusty-pubescent, ending in the much less enlarged ring of the fallen perianth; pericarp thick, granular. ; Wray 1069! from lower Camp, Gunong Batu Pateh, Perak, is also, in all probability, a specimen of the fruit of a species of Beilschmiedia near to B. Maingayi. It may thus be characterized. ‘“ A small tree; branchlets stout, dark-brown; buds glabrous, lanceolate, lcm.long. Leaves elliptic or elliptic-oblong, chartaceous, acute at apex, but usually sphacelate, narrowed at base; both surfaces glabrous ; 12—20 cm. Jong, 5—6 cm. broad; main nerves 8—10 pairs, not very prominent, reticula- tions prominent on both surfaces; petiole 1—2 em. long, twisted. Frit oblong. oblique, obtuse at apex, up to 6 em. long and 2 em. in diam., the pericarp ferruginously rough, scurfy; pedicel greatly thickened.’’ It cannot be named until the flowers are known. 8. BEILSCHMIEDIA LONGIPES, Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. V. 123 (1886). A tree, reaching 15 to 20 m. in height and 40 to 50 cm. in diameter of stem; branchlets ashy-grey, longitudinally ribbed when dry, lenticellate; innovations and lanceolate leaf-buds ashy-grey- puberulous, the latter with few deciduous scales. Leaves thinly coriaceous, alternate; elliptic- lanceolate or -oblanceolate, acuminate usually cuspidately at apex, cuneate at base; upper surface shining, glabrous, often olive-green when dry, lower surface ashy-grey or rusty- pubescent, finally glabrate; 15—27 cm. long, 5—10 cm. broad; mid- rib rather slender, impressed above, raised beneath; main nerves. 10—14 pairs, very prominent beneath, at an angle of 40° to 45° with the midrib, at first straight, then curving near the margin, all or only the upper ones joined in loops; transverse nervules and reticulations irregular, usually prominent on the upper surface; petiole stout, 12—20 mm. long. Flowers in lax elongate ashy-pubescent panicles reaching 10—-13 cm. in length and 5 cm. in breadth; branches few, Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 59 alternate, distant, at right angles to the rhachis, bearing few-flowered eymules; bracts linear, short; pedicels 1 mm. long on side flower, 0 in central flowers; flowers yellow. Perianth-tube cupshaped, 1-5 mm. long; lobes ovate, rounded, densely grey tomentose without, puberulous within, as long as the tube. Stamens of Ist and 2nd rows 1°5 mm. long, filaments puberulous, anthers ovate, connective acute; those of 3rd row more slender and rather shorter, with 2 orbicular stipitate glands a little behind; staminodes of 4th row small, cordate, very shortly stipitate. Ovary glabrous; style short; stigma obtuse. Fruit (very young only) ovoid, glabrous, apiculate, the scar of the fallen perianth pale. PERAK: at Sungie Larut, Wray 229)!; Scortechini!; forests near Larut chiefly on limestone, at 150 to 450 m. elevation, King’s Collec- tor 3859!, 4765!, 5465!, 5903!, 7238!, 7325! Mawtacca: Main- gay, K. D. 1248! 9. BEILSCHMIEDIA PERAKENSIS, Gamble in Kew Bull. 149 (1910). A shrub or small tree reaching 9—12 m. in height and 12—25 cm. in diam. of stem; branchlets slender, dark brown, sparsely pubescent ; innovations densely tawny-pubescent as are the ovoid leaf-buds about 5 mm. long. Leaves chartaceous, membranous when young, alternate; elliptic or elliptic-obovate, shortly acuminate at apex, cuneate or attenuate at base; upper surface glabrous except on the midrib and main nerves, lower minutely puberulous especially on the nerves, at length nearly glabrous; both surfaces dull when dry, reddish brown; 8—15 cm. long, 4—7 cm. wide; midrib moderately stout, slightly impressed above, raised beneath ; main nerves 10 to 12 pairs, usually irregular, starting at about 50° with the midrib and curved to the margin where they connect in loops, joined by rather prominent transverse nervules and reticulations which are conspicuous on the upper surface; petiole stout, densely pubescent, 5—10 mm. long. lowers in slender axillary rusty-pubescent panicles reaching 10—14 cm. in length and scarcely 4 cm. in breadth; peduncle usually long; branches few, generally at right angles to the rhachis; cymules about 3-flowered ; bracts and bracteoles linear; pedicels slender, of middle flower almost 0; Perianth-tube very short; lobes ovate, obtuse or slightly ovate, 1:5 mm. long. Stamens of Ist and 2nd rows slender, 1 mm. long, filaments puberulous, connective rounded ; those of 3rd row similar but rather longer, the 2 basal glands ovoid, stipitate; staminodes of 4th row ovate, acute, rather small. Ovary oblong; style stout; stigma obtuse. Fruit oblong or obovoid, black 60 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. when dry, 12—15 mm. long, 7—8 mm. broad; pericarp thick; cotyledons separated by a false dissepiment; pedicels scarcely en- larged ; ring of fallen perianth pale. Perak: Scortechini!; dense jungle on hills at 150—250 m. alt., King’s Collector 8489!, 10026!, 10432!. 10. BEILSCHMIEDIA PENANGIANA, Gamble in Kew Bull. 149 (1910). An evergreen tree, reaching 10—12 m. in height; branchlets white with smooth shining bark, lenticels oblong; buds perulate. Leaves subcoriaceous, alternate or subopposite; elliptic or elliptic lanceolate, very obtusely acuminate at apex, acuminate at base ; both surfaces glabrous, reddish-brown when dry, upper shining ; 7—10 cm. long, 3—4 cm. broad; midrib broad, depressed on the upper surface; main nerves 10—12 pairs, irregular, much branched and joining in loops well within the margin, .prominent on both surfaces; transverse nervules also prominent, branched, enclosing the obscure reticulation; petiole broad, -5—1 cm. long, the upper part bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade. Flowers in very short axillary bracteate racemes, the buds strobilate with orbicular fimbriate much gland-dotted slightly puberulous bracts, each en- closing one flower supported by two lanceolate acuminate fimbriate bracteoles 1-5 mm. long, the bracts and bracteoles afterwards cadu- cous ; pedicels thick. Perianth-lobes ovate,. obtuse, ciliate, gland- dotted, 1 mm. long, sub-equal. Stamens of 1st and 2nd row 1 mm. long, glabrous, on thick filaments ; those of 3rd row similar with a pair of suborbicular stipitate glands close to the bases of the fila- ments ; staminodes of 4th row cordate, very shortly stipitate, -5 mm. long. Ovary globose, glabrous; style short; stigma obtuse. Fruit not known. PENANG: at Penara Bukit at 300 m. alt., Curtis 1098 ! Species imperfectly known. 11. BEILSCHMIEDIA MEMBRANACEA, Gamble in Kew Bull. 150 (1910). A small tree, reaching 4 to 6 m. in height and the stem 7 to 15 cm. in diameter ; branchlets slender, grey, softly blackish-puberu- lous, innovations rusty-tomentose, as are the small ovoid buds. Leaves membranous, alternate; elliptic or elliptic-ovate. obtusely acute at apex, attenuate or slightly and unequally rounded at base ; both sur- faces olive-green when dry, somewhat shining, glabrous except on the midrib and main nerves; 10—15 cm. long, 5—8 cm. broad; midrib slender, raised on both suriaces; main nerves 9 to 11 pairs, starting at Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 61 an angle of about 45° with the midrib and curving to near the margin where they anastomose in irregular loops; reticulations irregularly netted, raised and prominent on both surfaces ; petiole thick, pubes- cent, 5—10 mm. long. Flowers not known, apparently in very short axillary cymes. Fruit oblong, smooth, up to 15 mm. long and 7 mm. in diameter; pedicel scarcely enlarged. PERAK: in open jungle at 600 to 900 m. alt., King’s Collector 10,928! 12. BEILSCHMIEDIA PAHANGENSIS, Gamble in Kew Bull. 150 (1910). A tree; branches slender, greyish-brown; branchlets dark - brown, glabrous, lenticellate ; leaf-buds very small, ovoid with grey- puberulous scales. Zeaves chartaceous, alternate; lanceolate or ob- long-lanceolate, obtusely acute at apex, long- attenuate or -cuneate at base; both surfaces glabrous, prominently reticulate, upper shining; 10—15 em. long, 3—5 em. broad; midrib rather slender, slightly raised on both surfaces; main nerves irregular, 10—12 pairs, usually at about 45° with the midrib, at first straight then branching to anastomose near the margin: nervules and reticulations irregular, prominently raised on both surfaces; petiole slender, 1—2 cm. long, rugose. Flowers not known, in axillary panicles up to about 6cm. long; rhachises slender. rust ellipsoid, obtuse at both ends, blackish with raised pale spots on tubercles, 2—2°5 cm. long, 1 em. broad ; cotyledons very fleshy, the false dissepiment membranous. Pawane: at Kwala Triang and Suboo Lanjoot, Ridley 2273! 13. Brmscumriepia Foxrana, Gamble in Kew Bull. 150 (1910). An evergreen tree (?) ; branchlets smooth, thick, lenticellate, greenish- brown. Leaves coriaceous, subopposite, prominently reticulate; lan- ceolate or oblanceolate, bluntly acuminate at apex, long-cuneately narrowed at base: both surfaces dull, glabrous; margin slightly recurved; 12--16 cm. long, 5—7 cm. broad; midrib stout, slightly raised above ; main nerves 7 pairs at from 40°—50° with the midrib, oblique and slightly curved upwards to end close to the margin in a series of diminishing loops which join them; transverse nervules irregular and with the much netted reticulation prominent and more or less raised on both surfaces; petiole stout, 2—2°5 cm. long, the upper part bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade. Inflores- cence paniculate, much branched, reaching 20 cm. in length, glabrous, the peduncle and its branches with oblong lenticels. Fruit ellipsoid, slightly pustular, 3:5 cm. long, 2—2:5 cm. broad: pedicels slightly 62 Flora of the Malayan Peninsuia. enlarged, rusty-brown, rugose; scar of the fallen perianth-tube pale, scarcely enlarged. PenanG: at Birch’s Hill, Fox 10705! (Herb. Singap.) 3. DEHAASTA, Blume. Evergreen trees, the branchlets generally pale, the: buds lanceo- late. Leaves alternate, more or less coriaceous, penni-nerved, often fascicled at the ends of the branchlets. Flowers small, hermaphro- dite, in axillary peduncled panicles of few-flowered dichasia. Perianth-tube very short; lobes 6, the 3 outer much the shortest. Perfect stamens 9, small, clavate, the anthers 2-celled: those of the. lst row opposite the outer shorter perianth-lobes, introrse ; those of the 2nd row opposite the inner perianth-lobes, introrse; those of the 3rd row opposite those of the Ist row, extrorse, each furnished at the base and a little behind it with 2 rather large subsessile glands; staminodes of the 4th row opposite the 2nd row stamens small or wanting, when present usually cordate stipitate. Ovary sessile, rounded, attenuate into a short style. Fruzt an oblong berry, seated on the persistent broadened perianth which is supported by the very much thickened, usually red, often warted, clavate pedicel; cotyle- dons thick, fleshy; radicle minute.—Disrrte. About 10 species; Indian and Malayan. Staminodes of 4th row wanting; leaves chartaceo-coria- ceous, over 15 cm. long and 7 em. broad; flowers about 5mm.indiam. .. ac ee ee 1. D. microcarpa. Staminodes of 4th row present; flowers scarcely 3 mm. in diam. Leaves chartaceous, lanceolate, not minutely reticu- late, not fascicled at the tops of the branchlets.. 2. D. nigrescens. Leaves coriaceous, more or less obovate, reticulate, fascicled at the top of the branchlets. Staminodes of 4th row ratherlarge; mainnerves of leaves prominently impressed above; pani- cles pubescent Sc 5: -- 3. D. cuneata. Staminodes of 4th row quite small, main nerves not prominently impressed; panicles glabrous 4. D. Curtisii. Leaves very coriaceous, lanceolate, more or less fascicled; staminodes very small; main nerves and nervules of leaves prominently raised on both surfaces .. =f ie .. 5. D. lancifolia. 1. DEHAASIA MicRocAaRPA, Blume in Rumph.i. 162, t. 44 (1835). A tree with spreading branches reaching 15 to 25 m. in height and Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 63 the stem 40 to 60 cm. in diameter; branchlets rather thick, glabrous, with white shining bark, lenticellate ; leaf-buds conical, glabrous, up to 1 cm. long with few black scales. Leaves chartaceo-coriaceous, alter- nate; elliptic- oblong or -obovate or -oblanceolate, acute or acuminate at apex, cuneate or attenuate or sometimes unequally rounded at base; both surfaces glabrous, pale olive-green and shining when dry ; 15—40 cm. long, 7—17 cm. broad; midrib stout, broad, prominent beneath; main nerves irregularly spaced, 9—15 pairs, usually 12, the lowest 1 or 2 pairs near the base, the rest more distantly spaced, all curving upwards to and along the margin where they meet in short loops, slightly impressed and keeled on the upper surface, prominent and white on the lower, joined by irregular transverse nervules and indistinct reticulations; petiole rather stout, channelled above, 1—3 cm. long. Flowers in erect, glabrous or slightly puberulous, reddish panicles from the upper axils and. especially from below the terminal leaf-buds, 10 to 20 cm. long, 56cm. broad; peduncles usually short, angular; branches at right angles to the rhachis, 1—2 cm. long, flattened, dichotomously branched; bracts small, ovate; bracteoles triangular; pedicels clavate, 2—5 mm. long; flower-buds ovoid; flowers yellowish-white. Pervanth-tube very short, continuous with the pedicel; lobes 6, the outer 3 triangular, 1—1°5 mm. long, the inner 3 ovate, rounded, 2—3 mm. long, all glabrous or very minutely puberulous without. Stamens of the first and second rows 2°5 mm. long, filaments broad, white- villous, anthers short, the cells small, connective depressed at tip ; stamens of 3rd rowsimilar but rather longer, furnished a little behind their bases with glabrous sessile glands; staminodes of 4th row want- - ing. Ovary and slender style 2°55 mm. long; stigma obtuse. Berry black, oblong-ellipsoid, 4 cm. long; 2 cm. broad, seated on the much enlarged trigonous obconicscarlet-warted 2—3cm. long pedicel which is surmounted by the persistent perianth-lobes ; pericarp shining, thin; embryo depressed at apex. Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. V. 126; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. X. 201. D. squarrosa, Zoll. et Mor.in Zoll. Cat. 113, 115; Hassk. Retz. i. 8; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 929, Haasia micro- carpa, Nees Syst. Laur. 373; Meissn. in DC. Prodr. XV. i. 60; Mig. lc. 928. H. tncrassata, Nees Syst. Laur. 376; Mig. l.c. 930. Laurus incrassatus, Jack in Mal. Misc. ii. No. 7. 33 (ex Wall. Cat. 2589), Persea incrassaia, Nees Syst. Laur. 127. Machilus incrassatus, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 70, PERAK: Scortechinit 1842!; at Gunong Kerbang, Ridley 14738!; at Trong, Wray 3188!; in dense forest, chiefly on limestone, up to 64 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 250 m. alt., King’s Collector 4950!, 7360!, 7731!, 8204!, 8655!. Matacca: Griffith K.D. 4252!: Maingay K.D. 1274!; at Panchor, Goodenough 1264! Srincarore: at Turong, Ridley 10760 !.—DistRtB. Java, Sumatra, Borneo (Haviland and Hose 3090!, 3091!, 3332!, 3655 !). 2. DEHAASIA NIGRESCENS, Gamble in Kew Bull. 150 (1916). A tree, reaching 10—12 m. in height; branchlets slender, greyish-white, uppermost black when dry; leaf-buds black, lanceolate, without scales. Leaves chartaceous; lanceolate or oblanceolate, bluntly long- acuminate at apex, attenuate at base; both surfaces dark brown to black when dry, dull on the upper, glabrous; 8—13 cm. long, 3—4 cm. broad; midrib slender; mainnerves 8—10 pairs at 40°—50° with the midrib, slender, curving upwards to meet in loops near the margin; reticulations irregular, inconspicuous ; petiole slender, 1—2 em. long. Flowers very small, in panicles from the uppermost leaf- axils, slender, glabrous, up to 10 cm. long; peduncle long; branches few, at right angles to rhachis, dichotomous ; pedicels clavate; buds globose. Perianth-tube cup-shaped, continuous with the pedicel; lobes small, the 3 outer triangular ‘75 mm. long, the 3 inner twice as long and ovate, all minutely golden-pubescent without, golden-villous within. Stamens of lst and 2nd row clavate, ‘75 mm. long; connec- tive obtuse; filaments villous; those of 3rd row similar and a little longer having 2 large cordate glabrous glands behind at the base ; staminodes of 4th row ‘5 mm. long, cordate, rather smaller than the glands. Ovary globose; style short; stigma obtuse. Fruita black obovate-ellipsoid drupe 2 cm. long by 1 cm. in diam., seated on the enlarged obconical, straight or curved, bright zed (when dry—black), pedicel which is surmounted by the persistent perianth-lobes. PENANG: on Government Hill, at 300 to 600 m. alt., Curtis 1183! Srneapore: Garden jungle, Ridley 13017! I have taken a long time over the stamens of this species. The material afforded very few flowers and though most of the anthers were distinctly only 2-celled, I found a few which seemed to me to be as clearly 4-celled. The anthers are exceedingly minute and are villous so that it is difficult to exa- mine them, and though I believe I am right in placing it in Dehaasia, it is quite possible that fresh specimens examined in the field may make its trans- fer to Nothaphebe necessary. It is noticeable that Curtis’ material though all bearing the No. 1183 was certainly collected on different occasions and from different trees, some at 300 m., some at 600 m. 3. DEHAASIA CUNEATA, Blume Rumph. I. 164, t. 46 (1835). Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 65 ® A tree, reaching 12 to 15 m. in height and 25 to 40 cm. in diameter ; branchlets moderately slender, with white bark, lenticellate; leaf- buds small, conical, tawny-velvety, without scales. Leaves coria- ceous, variable, fascicled at the ends of the branchlets and the one or two upper joints as if verticillate ; obovate, acute obtuse or rarely acuminate at apex, cuneate at base ; upper surface black when dry, glabrous except on the midrib and main nerves ; lower surface puberu- lous, glaucous or glaucescent ; 7—15 cm. long, 3—7 em. broad ; midrib stout, impressed above, much raised beneath; main nerves 8 to 10 pairs, occasionally more, prominently impressed above and raised beneath, at first at about 45° with the midrib, curved upwards to near the margin where they are joined in gradually lessening loops; trans- verse nervules few, rather irrezular; reticulations minutely areolate, ‘raised on both surfaces; petiole stout, 5—15 mm. long or almost 0, usually bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade. Flowers very small, yellowish, in slender blackish puberulous panicles from the upper leaf-axils, up to 10 cm. long and 4 cm. broad ; peduncle 4—5 em. long; branches slender, dichotomous; cymules few-flowered ; pedicels clavate, 2—3 mm. long; buds globose. Perianth-tube short; lobes ovate, obtuse, the outer three the shortest, puberulous on both sides. Stamens minute ; those of Ist and 2nd rows clavate, rounded at apex, densely villous, ‘75 mm. long; those of 3rd row a little longer and with 2 large glabrous glands; staminodes of 4th row rather large, ovate-cordate, glabrous except a tuft of hairs at base, stipitate, 75 mm. long. Ovary rounded-conoidal; style almost none; stigma peltate. Fruit an ovoid oblong berry, 2—4 cm. long, seated on the enlarged perianth tube and a 2—4 cm. long thick enlarged warted pedicel, which is sometimes curved ; pericarp bluish-black, smooth. Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. V. 125; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. X. 203. Haasia cuneata, Nees Syst. Laur. 378. Cryptocarya cuneata, Bl, Bijdr. 558. Cyanodaphne cuneata, Bl. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. I, 333; Meissn. in DC. Prodr. XV. i. 76; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. I. 926. C. tomentosa, Bl. in Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I. 334; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 145. Alseodaphne grandis, Kurz For. Fl. II. 293 (not of Nees). Dictyodaphne? Candolieana, Meissn. in DC. l.c. 80. Endian- dra? Candolleana, Kurz l.c. 295. Perak: at Thaiping, Wray 2099!, 2654!, 3101! ; in dense low- level forest near Larut, King’s Collector, 6745!; at Lumut Dinding, fiudley 3038 !—Distris. Burma, Java, Sumatra. 4, DreHaastA CurRTIst1, Gamble in Kew Bull. 151 (1910). A 9 66 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. small tree: branchlets rather stout, stiff, rough especially just below the leaves, greyish-white ; leaf-buds lanceolate acuminate with glab- rous scales. Leaves coriaceous, in close fascicles at the ends of the branchlets; obovate, very obtusely acute at apex, long-cuneate at base; both surfaces glabrous and minutely reticulate, the upper dark grey, shining, the lower glaucous; margins recurved; 6—12 cm. long, 3—5 cm. broad; midrib prominent, raised on both surfaces; main nerves 10—12 pairs, raised on both surfaces, at about 70° with the midrib and curved to branch near the mar- gin and so join in loops, joined by the prominently areolate raised reticulation ; petiole 1—2 cm. long, black, channelled. Flowers very small, in slender dichotomous corymbose pedunculate glabrous pani- cles from the axils of upper leaves or the scars of fallen ones, about 6 cm. long; peduncles 4—5 cm. long, slightly flattened, branches slen- der ; terminal cymules 3-flowered; pedicels clavate, 2—3 cm. long con- tinuous with the perianth-tube. Perianth-tube cup-shaped; lobes ovate, obtuse, the outer three 1—1°5 mm. long, the inner three 1-5—2 mm. long, allslightly pubescent. Stamens very small, those of the Ist and 2nd rows ‘75 mm. long, clavate, villous, the connective emargi- nate; those of 3rd row similar but more square and a little longer, with 2 rather large glabrous glands at the base just behind ; stami- nodes of 4th row very small, cordate, stipitate, villous behind. Ovary ovoid; style slender; stigma obtuse. Fruit ellipsoid, black when dry, smooth, 1 cm. long and:75cm. in diameter seated on the clavate thickened pedicel 5 mm. long. PENANG: at the Rifle Range, Government Hill, at 750 m. alt., Curtis 1193!. SzLancor: top of Batu caves, Kelsall 1986!; Ridley ! Ridley’s specimen has very small leaves under 5 em. long and 2 em. broad, and the small fruit here described, but there seems no reason to consider it other than a low-growing specimen of D. Curtisit. 5. DEHAASIA LANCIFOLIA, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXIIT. 320 (1908). A small tree or large shrub reaching 7—8 m. in height and 28 cm. in diam. of stem; branchlets stout, glabrous, dark red- dish brown, uppermost angled by lines decurrent from the leaves ; buds very small. Leaves very coriaceous, glabrous, somewhat fasci- cled at the nodes ; lanceolate or oblong-Janceolate, obtusely acuminate at apex, cuneate at base; both surfaces glabrous, reddish when dry ; 15—20 cm. long, 3:5 to 7 cm. broad; midrib stout, very prominent beneath ; main nerves 9—14 pairs, raised on both surfaces, at first straight afterwards curving to meet in loops near the margin; trans- tet, Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 67 verse nervules few, irregular, raised on both surfaces enclosing ob- scure reticulations ; petiole stout, 1—1:5 cm. long, bordered in the upper half by the decurrent margins of the blade. Flowers in elon- gate spreading panicles up to 10 cm. long, with few short pubescent branches ending in greenish cymules, the flowers 6—7 together in the cymules with short pubescent pedicels. Perianth-tube obconic, very short ; lobes nearly glabrous, ovate, the outer 3 much shorter (‘75 mm.) than the inner (1°75 mm.). Stamens nearly glabrous, those of the Ist and 2nd rows clavate with rounded apices 1 mm. long; those of the 3rd row similar but with a pair of rather large glabrous glands at the back of the filaments; staminodes of the 4th row ovate, ‘75 m. long, sometimes absent. Ovary ovoid, glabrous; style thick, curved; stigma large, thick, capitate. Drupe elliptic, 3—4 cm. long, -the pedicel only slightly thickened. PaHANG: on Gunong Tahan at 1500—2000 m. alt., A. C. Robinson and L. Wray 5468!, 5526. Tribe Jil. AcRoDICLIDIEZ. 4, ENDIANDRA, R. Br. Evergreen trees. Leaves alternate, penni-nerved, conspicuously reticulate-areolate, coriaceous ; buds small, with leafy scales. Flowers small, hermaphrodite, in axillary or subterminal panicles. Perianth- tube very short; lobes 6, subequal or the inner rather smaller. Siamens of the Ist and 2nd row absent; those of the 3rd row 3, 2-celled, extrorse, thick, sessile, usually connivent over the ovary ; staminodes of the 4th row none or minute or replaced by a fleshy ring; glands absent or 6 at the base of the perfect stamens. Ovary sessile, usually globose, surrounded by the perianth-tube; style short ; stigma capitate. Fruit an oblong or subglobose berry, the pedicel sometimes thickened; perianth usually wholly deciduous. Distr. About 15 species, Indian, Malayan and Australian. The Malay Peninsula species all seem to belong to subgenus Dictyodaphne, Migq. characterized by the absence of staminodes and glands. Leaves under 10 cm. long and 4 cm. broad, glabrous, main nerves 8 to 10 pairs; panicles glabrous sc .. lL. BH. Maingayi. Leaves 10 to 13 cm. long and 6 cm. broad, pubescent beneath, main nerves 5—6 pairs: panicles densely tawny- pubescent .. oc oc cc . 2. H. Kingiana. Leaves over 15 cm. long and usually 10 cm. broad, glabrous, main nerves 8-10 pairs; panicles nearly glabrous .. 3. #. preclara. 68 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. Species imperfectly known. Leaves glabrous, more or less lanceolate, main nerves 5—7 pairs ae are oe Sc .. 4. H. Wray. 1. Enpianpra Marncayi, Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. V. 127 (1886). A large evergreen tree with spreading branches, reaching 20 to 25 m. in height and 40—50 cm. in diameter ; branchlets rather slender, greyish-brown ; leaf-buds small, with lanceolate glabrous stipules. Leaves coriaceous; elliptic or elliptic oblong, obtusely acute or subcaudately acuminate at apex, cuneate at base ; both surfaces minutely areolate, glabrous, shining, reddish-brown when dry ; 5—10 cm. long, 2—4 cm. broad; midrib slender, raised on both surfaces ; main nerves 8 to 10 pairs, also slightly raised on both surfaces, otherwise inconspicuous, at first straight then curved near the margin to join in faint loops ; reticulations prominently areolate; petiole 7—12 mm. long, slender, black, rugose. Flowers in short (about 3—4 cm.) axillary subracemose glabrous panicles of few- flowered (about 5) cymules, the rhachises angular, puberulous ; pedicels slender, 1 mm. long; buds globose. Perianth-tube very short ; lobes 2 to 2°5 mm. long, glabrous except a thickened granu- lar-glandular cushion at the base, inner 3 lobes smaller and less im- bricated than the 3 outer. Stamens thick, conoidal, connivent over the ovary which they enclose, prominently granular-glandu'ar, 1 5 mm. long; anthers sessile, their cells distant, their lids up-curved curled backwards. Ovary globose; style short;. stigma capitate. Fruit oblong or oblong-obovate, glossy black, smooth, 3—5 em. long, about 2 cm. broad; fruiting pedicel slightly thickened ; pericarp rather thin ; cotyledons very fleshy. Perak: forests near Lartit at 150—250 m., King’s Collector 6103!, 8822!. Matacca: Maingay, K.D. 1270! 2. ENDIANDRA Kiyeiana, Gamble in Kew Bull. 151 (1910). An evergreen tree with spreading branches, reaching 15 to 20 m. in height and aconsiderable diameter ; branchlets stout, brown, the bark flaking off, much lenticellate, uppermost glandular-rusty-pubescent ; buds short, ovoid, densely pubescent. Leaves coriaceous; elliptic, obtusely short-acuminate at apex, acute or cuneate at base; both surfaces shining, minutely areolate, upper glabrous except on the midrib and main nerves, lower softly pubescent, reddish-brown when dry; 10—13 cm. long, 6—7 cm. broad; midrib stout, thickly pubes- cent, raised on both surfaces ; main nerves 5—6 pairs, pubescent and Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 69 impressed above, raised beneath, prominent, curved upwards to and along the margin where the upper ones join in loops; secondary nerves few, branching and irregular ; reticulations prominently areo- late; petiole stout, tawny-pubescent, rugose, 1:5—2 cm. long. Flowers in rather dense short (about 3—4 cm.) axillary and terminal thickly tawny-pubescent panicles of few-flowered cymules ; pedicels extremely short or none; bracts very small, caducous; buds ovoid ; flowers waxy yellowish-brown. Perianth-tube very short, tawny- pubescent; lobes imbricate, up to 3 mm. long, ovate-oblong, the outer longer than the inner ones, granular-glandular within especially at the base. Stamens thick, conoidal, 1-5—2 mm. long, connivent over the ovary which they enclose, prominently granular-glandular ; anthers sessile, cells elongate, the lids up-curved and curled out- wards. Ovary globose, glabrous, 5 mm. in diam.; style very short; stigma capitate. Fruit not known. PERAK: in dense jungle at 150 to 250 m., King’s Collector 6487!. Description largely after Sir G. King’s notes. 3. ENDIANDRA PR&ECLARA, Gamble in Kew Bull. 152 (1910). An evergreen tree reaching 15 to 20 m. in height and 45 to 60 cm. in diameter of stem, with spreading branches ; branchlets stout, smooth, glabrous, striate, dark brown; leaf-buds small. Leaves chartaceo- coriaceous ; elliptic-obovate or -oblong, shortly obtusely acute or acu- minate at apex, cuneate or sometimes rounded at base ; both surfaces glabrous, shining, conspicuously and minutely reticulate; 15—40 em. long, 5—17 cm. broad; midrib stout, slightly depressed above, much raised beneath; main nerves 8—10 pairs, rather irregular, the lowest 1—2 pairs from close to the base and more oblique than the rest, all at first straight then curving gently to and along the mar- gin when they join in a series of short loops ; secondary nerves few ; transverse nervules not more prominent than the minutely areolate reticulations which are raised on both surfaces; petiole stout, rugose, 10—15 cm. long. Flowers rather large, in branching nearly glabrous axillary and subterminal panicles reaching 20 cm. in length and about 10 cm. in breadth; peduncles 0 or very short ; rhachis glabrous, flattened; cymules puberulous, few-flowered (about 10) ; pedicels slender, 1—2 mm. long; flowers light yellow, the buds ovoid, 2—3 mm. in diameter. Perianth-tube cup-shaped, puberulous; lobes ovate, the outer three 2°5 mm. long somewhat larger than the inner 3, all glabrous without, granular-glandular at the base within. Stamens thick, conoidal, connivent over the ovary which they en- 70 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. close, 2mm. long; connective prominently granular-glandular ; an- thers sessile, the cells distant, oblong, their lids up-curved and curled backwards. Ovary globose; style short, stigma capitate. Fruzt oblong-ellipsoid, dark red, smooth, 8—10 cm. long, 4 cm. broad ; pericarp rather thin ; cotyledons very large, fleshy. Perak: at Tupai, Wray 3097!; near Larut up to 300 m. alt., King’s Collector 4074!, 6714!. Species imperfectly known. 4, ENDIANDRA WRaAyI, Gamble in Kew Bull. 152 (1910). A small tree ; branchlets slender, brown, lenticellate, uppermost angular, rugose ; buds conical, acute. Leaves coriaceous; elliptic-oblong or oblanceolate, very obtusely acuminate at apex, acuminately cuneate at base; both surfaces minutely areolate, glabrous, shining ; 7—14 em. long, 2—5 cm. broad; midrib slender, raised on both surfaces ; main nerves 5—7 pair, slightly impressed above, very oblique, at first straight then curving to join in loops near the margin ; reticu- lations prominently areolate ; petiole slender, 5 to 10 mm. long. Flowers in short axillary racemes or panicles, not otherwise known. Fruit oblong, black, smooth, 2°5 cm. long by 1 cm. broad, on a rather stout thickened peduncle. PERAK: at 300 m. in Upper Perak, Wray 3785!. Wray 2237 from Relan Tujor ‘‘ a tree with dark green leaves and rusty- brown fruit ’’ agrees as regards leaves fairly well with specimens of Hndiandra rubescens, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, 1, 918 in the Kew and Calcutta Herbaria, but the fruit is rather different. It is oblong-ellipsoid, obtuse at apex, rather acute at base, 5—6 cm. long, 2—2°5 cm. broad, the pericarp rusty-brown, furfuraceously netted. Koorders and Valeton describe the fruit of H. rubescens as ‘subterete or obovate-oblong, obtuse at apex, slightly incurved, oblique and truncate at base, sometimes striolate, 5—7 cm. long, 2—2°5 cm. broad.’ A specimen in the Kew Herbarium has the pericarp black and smooth. With- out flowers, I hesitate to describe the plant. Tribe 1V. MicroPorEa. 5. Micropora, Hook f. A tree with slender branchlets. Leaves alternate, penni-nerved, conspicuously reticulate; buds conical with leafy scales. Flowers small, hermaphrodite, in axillary few-flowered panicles or racemes. Perianth-tube very short, flattened; lobes 6, orbicular, equal. Stamens ot the Ist and 2nd row 6, exsert, anthers sessile, thick, sub- quadrate, cells extrorse, distant, opening by two nearly circular pores, Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 71 ‘lids upeurved; stamens of the 3rd and 4th rows reduced to short thick staminodes as large as the fertile anthers and produced above them. Ovary ovoid, sessile, quite smooth, narrowed into a very short style; stigma minute. Fruit ovoid, seated on the persistent and accrescent perianth and stamens.—Distris. One species. 1. Mrcrorora Curtisi, Hook f. Ic. Plant. t. 1547 (1886). An evergreen tree, reaching 12 to 18 m. in height and 40 to 50 cm. in dia- meter of stem; branchlets slender, corky, sreyish-brown, lenticellate, puberulous ; buds long-conical; scales lanceolate, tawny-villous. Leaves thinly coriaceous, membranous when young and then black when dry ; elliptic, acute at apex, attenuate at base ; both surfaces reticulate-areo- late, reddish-brown, glabrous except on the midrib beneath ; 6—13 - em. long, 3—6 cm. broad ; midrib prominent, nearly flat above, raised beneath ; main nerves 8 to 10 pairs, curved gently to the margin and there joined by loops, raised on the lower surface, joined by an elegant network of reticulatious ; petiole 10—20 mm. long. Flowers in snort few-flowered tawny-puberulous racemes or panicles 2—3 cm. long ; bracts lanceolate, 1—2 mm. long; pedicels as long; buds glo- bose, as are the flowers which are 2—2'5 mm. in diam., light yellow when fresh. Perianth-tube flat; lobes orbicular, about | mm. long, ciliate ; stamens and staminodes puberulous and ciliate. Ovary glabrous. Fruit ovoid, rugose, 3—4 mm. long (immature); accres- cent perianth and stamens nearly 2 mm. thick. Hook f. Fl. Br. Ind. V. 862. Hexapora Curtisti, Hook. f., l.c. 189. PENANG: at Government Hill, 300 m., Curtis 525!, 1214!; Ridley (?) 3153!. Perak: open jungle near Larut, at 250—300 m. King’s Collector 5215!. Panane: Kwala Triang, Lubu Lanjoot, on the Pahang river (Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soc. 2nd Ser. ili, 341). I have quoted Ridley’s Pahang citation; but the specimens in the Singa- pore Herbarium from Kwala Triang (No. 2273) and Lubu Lanjoot are not those of Mzcropora, but of a species of Beilschmiedia. Tribe V. CINNAMOME. 6. Crinnamomum, Blume. Evergreen trees or shrubs, usually with aromatic bark. Leaves opposite, sub-opposite or alternate, 3-ribbed or (Sect. CAMPHORA) penninerved. Flowers small, hermaphrodite or by abortion polyga- mous, in axillary or subterminal panicles or sometimes lateral at the base of the youngest shoots, the branches usually endingin dichasia, the 72 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. middle flowers of which are the largest and most fertile. Perianth-tube short, funnel-shaped. enlarged in fruit ; lobes 6, subequal, persistent or partly truncate or deciduous in fruit, Stamens 9 perfect or by abor- tion fewer, anthers 4 or occasionally 2-celled ; those of the Ist row opposite the outer perianth-lobes, introrse, eglandular ; those of the 2nd row similar, opposite the inner perianth lobes; those of the 3rd row opposite those of the 1st row, extrorse or with lateral anther- cells, the filaments bearing two glands which are sessile or stipitate and usually near the middle, but sometimes at the base and nearly free; staminodes of the 4th row opposite the 2nd row stamens cuneiform cordate or sagittate, stipitate. Ovary sessile at the bottom of the perianth-tube and free from it, narrowed into the style; stigma discoid or obscurely 3-lobed. Fruit a berry seated on the usually cup-shaped enlarged perianth-tube, the lobes persistent, deciduous or sometimes truncate near their middle. Seed conform to the fruit; testa mem- branous; cotyledons fleshy.—Distris. About 140 species, of tropical and subtropical Hastern Asia, Australia and the Pacific. Leaves opposite or sub-opposite, with 3 or more ribs; inflorescence buds naked or with small scales; stamens rather large with ovoid or oblong anthers and elliptic cells. perianth-lobes persistent or tube truncate after flowering (Sect. I. MaLABaTHRUM). Midrib without main nerves, but with transverse nervules between it and the side ribs. Leaves glabrous, at any rate when mature. Flower-panicles very short, slender, glab- rous; leaves caudate at apex .. IL. C. gracilflorum. llower-panicles elongate, puberulous. Leaves ovate, acute at apex, side ribs searcely reaching ?ths of the length of the blade; fruiting perianth large, ribbed, with persistent lobes .. 2. C. zeylanicum. Leaves oblong, side ribs reaching to near the apex. Side ribs reaching the apex and there joining the midrib, ieaves often very large; fruiting peri- anth small, with persistent lobes 3. C. ers. Side ribs reaching the base of the acumen only. Acumen attenuately long, very obtuse at tip; inflorescence sparsely puberulous; sta- mens stout, nearly glabrous 4. C. Ridleyz. Acumen prominent, abrupt. Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. obtuse at tip; leaves more than 4 em. broad, trans- verse nervules distinct ; in- florescence grey-pubescent Acumen merely acuminate, almost acute at tip; leaves under 4 cm. broad, trans- verse nervules indistinct ; inflorescence very tawny- pubescent ae Leaves lanceolate, acuminate with obtuse apex, side ribs ending 2-3 cm. below apex; fruiting perianth smooth, glabrous, the lobes deciduous Leaves elliptic, obtuse at apex, side ribs reaching only $ths the length of blade Bic ane te Leaves hairy, at any rate on the under sur- face Leaves large, usually over 12 cm. long. Leaves with prominent ladder- like transverse nervules and ab- rupt acumen; flowers in termi- nal stout panicles .. o¢ Leaves without prominent ladder- like transverse nervules, the acumen attenuate; flowers in axillary slender panicles ate Leaves small, usually much under 12 em. long. Leaves with greyish-tawny pubes- cence, shortly and obtusely acu- minate at apex, rounded at base, the side nerves to outer ribs prominent 50 oe Leaves with golden-tawny pubes- cence, attenuately long-acumin- ate at apex, acuminate at base, without side nerves to outer Eibs}) + ais oe a6 Midrib with several pairs of main nerves; leaves lanceolate, cinereous .. oc oe Leaves alternate or rarely subopposite, penninerved, 1-ribbed ; inflorescence buds perulate; stamens very small, with rounded obtuse anthers and usually cir- cular anther-cells; perianth-lobes quite deciduous after flowering (Sect. II]. CampHora). Leaves concolorous, pitted in the axils of the 10 5. 6. fle 3: oF 10. il 12 13 73 C. rhyncophyllum. C. lampongunr. C. vimineum. C. Deschampsv. C. javanicum. C. mollisstmum. . OC. Scoriechinit. . C. aureo-fulvum. . G. cinereum. 74 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. nerves; filaments as long as or were than an- thers, lower cells elliptic 14. C. tinunctum. Leaves glaucous beneath, not itbedll in the Sails of the nerves; filaments scarcely as long as anthers, lower cells circular ws .. 15. C. Parthenoxylon. 1. CINNAMOMUM GRACILIFLORUM, Gamble in Kew Bull. 218 (1910). An evergreen tree (?) ; branchlets slender, terete, brown, the younger slightly puberulous ; leaf-buds lanceolate, grey-pubescent. Leaves chartaceous. opposite or subopposite ; elliptic, elliptic-ovate or -lanceolate, the apex with a long (1—2-5 cm.) caudate acumen obtuse at tip, base acute or slightly rounded ; both surfaces glabrous, grey when dry, the upper shining, the lower dull and glaucescent ; 7—13 cm. long, 3—6 cm. broad; ribs 3, slightly raised on the upper, more so on the lower surface, usually with a small extra pair starting along or close to the margin and finally forming a slender looped intramargi- nal ring, the midrib produced to the tip of the acumen, the next pair curved to the base of the acumen and continued in small loops; side nerves outside the pair many joining the sinuses of the intramarginal loops ; transverse nervules irregular, arched ; reticulation areolate ; petiole slender, black, 5—10 mm. long. Flowers in very slender few- flowered axillary or lateral racemes up to 4cm. long ; peduncles capil- lary, glabrous ; pedicel scapillary, clavate at tip ; flowers 3—5, glabrous without. Perianth-tube campanulate, 1 mm. long, glabrous within ; lobes ovate-oblong, grey-pubescent within, 2mm.long. Stamens very slender, glabrous except a few scattered bristles and a small tuft at base, 2 mm. long ; anthers 4-celled with the upper pair of cells minute, or 2-celled only ; those of Ist and 2nd rows with small ovate anthers ; those of 3rd row similar and with a pair of reniform or oblong gla- brous sessile glands towards the top of the fllament ; staminodes of 4th row cordate acute. Ovary ovoid with a tooth near the top, glabrous ; style slender ; stigma small, capitate. Fruit an ovoid drupe 10 mm. long and about 8mm. in diameter seated on a glabrous cupule formed of the enlarged perianth-tube bordered by the semi-deciduous lobes, the cupule about 6 mm. in diameter ; pedicel also obconically thickened ; pericarp yellowish, shining, crustaceous. Perak: at Gunong Ijuk, Scortechiné 1228!; in upper Perak, Wray 3664!. Thisspeciesresembles in leaf a small-sized var. of C. rhyncophyllum; but the flowers are completely different. Itseems to come near to C. Burmanni, BL; but the leaves of that species are thicker and have not the long caudate Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 75 acumen. The nearest relation, however, is C. pauctflorum, Nees, from which it differs in the thinner more oblong leaves and the side ribs reaching to the very base of the acumen. 2. CINNAMOMUM ZEYLANICUM, Blume Bijdr. 568 (1825). A moderate-sized evergreen tree with rather thick aromatic bark, smooth when young ; branchlets terete, dark brown, the uppermost subquad- rangular ; leaf-buds ovoid, finely silky. Zeaves coriaceous, opposite or subopposite ; ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute or obtusely acuminate at apex, acute or rounded at base; both surfaces glabrous ; 8—16cm. long, 4—8 cm. broad; midrib stout, slightly raised above, more so beneath ; side ribs 1 orsometimes 2 pairs, when 2 pairs the outer pair slender short close to the margin, the main pair strong at first along- side the midrib for 5—10 mm. then curved to about three-fourths of the length of the leaf when they disappear in faint loops; trans- verse nervules irrecular, rather distant, arched, hardly visible ; reticulation under the lens minutely areolate: petiole broad, dark, 1—2 cm. long. flowers numerous, in silky-pubescent lax axillary panicles up to 17 cm. long ; peduncles slender, quadrangular, usually glabrous ; branches spreading, trichotomous, ending in 3-flowered dichasia; pedicels slender, grey-puberulous; bracts ovate acute, caducous ; buds subglobose, grey-puberulous. Perianih-tube short, continuing the pedicel, 1—2 mm. Jong, glabrous within; lobes oblong or ovoid-oblong, the outer rather longer and sometimes spathulate 3—5 mm. long, densely silky within. Stamens slender, those of Ist and 2nd rows spathulate, 2—3 mm. long, the filaments slightly pubescent, the anther-cells large slightly overlap- ping, those of 3rd row with small anthers and a pair of large reniform or oblong glabrous sessile glands about half-way up the slightly puberulous filaments ; staminodes of 4th row slender, heads small, cordate-sagittate, filaments nearly glabrous, 1—2 mm. long. Ovary ovoid, glabrous; style slender; stigma large, peltate. Fruit an oblong or ovoid-oblong berry 15—17 mm. long, 7—8 mm. in diameter seated on and partly immersed in the cupular enlarged perianth and its persistent lobes, the cupule 7—8 mm. in diam., often strongly ribbed ; pericarp smooth, brown and shining whendry, purple when fresh. Nees Syst. Laur. 45 and in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. II. 74 and III. 32; Meissn. in DC. Prodr. XV.i. 13; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. I. i, 898; Wight Ie. tt. 123, 129, 184; Wall. Cat. 2573; Kurz For. Fl. II. 287 ; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. V. 131; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. IIT. 440 ; Cooke Bomb. FI. II. 535; Prain Beng. Plants 898 ; Brandis Ind. Trees 533; Baillon Hist. des Pl. IT. 429. t. 240; Engl. & Prantl Naturl. Pflanzenfam. ITI. 1. 76 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 113, t. 73. Laurus Cinnamomum, Linn. Sp. Pl. 369; Roxb. FI. Ind. 11. 295. Matacca: Griffith K.D. 4246—1!; Chin Singh’s Plantation (cult), Maingay K.D. 4241!. Stneaporz: Ridley 8099 (cult.) !, garden jungle 12595!; Hullett 7!; Cantley 148!, 207!. The Cinnamon tree.—Distris. South India and Ceylon, elsewhere cultivated only. This species does not seem to be indigenous in the Malay Peninsula, but it has been cultivated and seems to have run wild. I have quite failed to identify the available specimens with the published varieties. 3. CINNAMOMUM INERS, Reinw. in Blume Bijdr. 570 (1825). A tree, reaching 15 to 20 m. in height and up to 40 cm. in diam. of stem ; branchlets terete, dark grey-brown, prominently lenticellate, upper- most appressed-puberulous; leai-buds conical, grey-silky, 5 mm. long, with small scales ; innovations grey-pubescent. Leaves charia- ceous to coriaceous, opposite or alternate, very variable in size and often sphacelate at apex; elliptic or elliptic-oblong or -lanceolate, sometimes linear-lanceolate or linear-oblong, obtuse or acute at apex, rounded or acute at base, 3-ribbed; both surfaces glabrous when old, slightly puberulous beneath when young, when very young usually ashy-grey-pubescent ; upper surface shining, Jower dull and pale or almost glaucous ; margins usually reflexed, cartilaginous ; 6-—-25 cm. long (sometimes to 40 cm. in young trees and coppice shoots), 2 to 12 em. broad; midrib stout, raised, straight to the apex, side ribs from the base or leaving the midrib a little above it, uniformly curved to meet it and each other again at the apex; transverse nervules between the mid and side ribs subparallel, horizontal or slightly arched; nerves between the side ribs and margin looped; reticulation under the lens minutely areolate, in old large leaves scarcely seen; petiole 1—2 cm. long, stout, sometimes twisted. Flowers yellowish in grey-silky pedunculate subterminal or axillary spreading panicles of variable length from 5 to 25 cm.; branches lax, dichotomous, ending in 3- or 7-flowered dichasia ; bracts and bracteoles very small, caducous; pedicels 3—6 mm. long; buds globose. Perianth-tube funnel-shaped, 1:5 to 2 mm. long, glabrous within; lobes ovate, acute, 2°5—3°5mm. long, subequal, sericeous within as without, prom- inently nerved and dotted, spreading during flowering, then closing up vertically. Stamens 2 to 25 mm. long, those of the Ist and 2nd rows with ovate anthers with large slightly overlapping cells and slightly villous filaments and connective ; those of the 3rd row with Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. Zu oblong anthers and with two cordate or sagittate stipitate glands from the base or a little aboveit, the base and the filaments villous ; stam- inodes of 4th row cordate-sagittate, glabrous, 1:5 mm. long, villous- stipitate. Ovary obovoid, rounded at top, glabrous ; style slender ; stigma large, peltate. Fruit an ellipsoid berry, subtruncated at apex, 10—15 mm. long, 5—7 mm. in diameter, seated on and partly im- mersed in the cupular enlarged perianth-tube and persistent lobes, the cupule 5 mm. in diameter ; pericarp smooth, dull, obscurely ribbed. Blume in Rumph. I. 41, tt. 17,18; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. I. i, 897; Meissn. in DC. Prodr. XI. i, 19 var. a; Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. II. 73; Wall. Cat. 2583 E; Wight Ic. t. 122; Kurz For. Fl. IT. 287; ode HT Br? Ind. V:'" 130; Koord:) & | Val! Bijdrt -Xi 752 0 C. nitidum, Bl. Rumph. I. 35, t. 15; Hook. f. lc. C. Griffithii, Meissn- lc. 19. Laurus nitida Roxb. Fl. Ind. II. 300; Wall. Cat. 2582 excl’ B. Laurus malabathrum, Wall. Cat 2583A. Penane: Wallich 2573A!; Phillips!; G. King!; Curtis 156! 1548! 2252!. Province WELLESLEY: Ridley 9381!. PERAK: various places up to 1400 m. alt. Wray 274!, 556!, 1222!, 2674!, 2768!, 3088 !, 3175!, 3328!; King’s Collector 425!, 5705!, 6456!, 6510!, 7603 ! ; Scortechint 323!,1381!. Senancor: at Bukit Kuta, Good- enough 10540!; at Kwala Lumpor, Curtis! Ridley 15581!. Panane: at Pekan, Ridley 1144. Matacca: Griffith KD. 4240!, 4242!, 4246!. Maingay K.D. 1242!,1243!. Stmyeapore: Hullett 81!; Ridley 3370 }, 4703 !—Distrisn. Burma, Java, Sumatra, Borneo, etc. Kunstler (King’s Collector) has sent from Larut his No. 3861! which seems to be undoubtedly this species, but the fruit and fruiting calyx are badly distorted by a fungoid disease. 4. Crnnamomum Ripteyr, Gamble in Kew Bull. 218 (1910). An evergreen tree ; branchlets dark purplish-brown, smooth, younger angular and grey-puberulous as are the lanceolate buds. Leaves chartaceous, opposite or subopposite ; elliptic-lanceolate, long attenu- ate-acuminate at apex with a blunt acumen, acute at base; both surfaces glabrous, reddish-brown when dry, the upper shining; margin cartilaginous ; 10—17 cm. long, 2°5—6 cm. broad; ribs 3, prominent, the midrib extending to the extreme apex, the side ribs starting from the base or up to about 5 mm. above it and vanishing at the base of the acumination ; main nerves none except about 6 pairs arching outside the side ribs; transverse nervules many, sub- parallel, arched ; reticulation obscure; petiole nearly black, 10Q—15 mm. long. Flowers in grey-tomentose pedunculate axillary or 78 flora of the Maiayan Peninsuta, lateral branching panicles up to 10 cm. long on the upper branchlets ; branches subopposite, slender, ending in 7-flowered dichasia ; bracts minute, lanceolate, deciduous; pedicels slender; buds obovate. Perianth-tube short, villous within; lobes ovate, 2°5 mm. long, villous within. Stamens with subglabrous filaments; those of the lst and 2nd rows 2 mm. long, spathulate, with oblong anthers and small upper cells; those of the 3rd row also 2 mm. long, bearing a pair of cordate sessile glands attached near the middle of the fila- ments ; staminodes of 4th row cordate, 1 mm. long, villous-stipitate. Ovary ovoid, glabrous; style slender; stigma peltate, lobed. Fruit ovoid, apiculate, 10 mm. long, 7—8 mm. in diameter, seated on the cup-shaped glabrous enlarged perianth-tube about 5 mm. in diam. at mouth, the mouth entire, the lobes deciduous; pericarp black when dry, shining. SINGAPORE: at Changi road, Ridley 4823 !. - This species has puzzled me much: it comes near C. viminewm in the acumination of the leaves and in inflorescence it resembles C. Lampongum and C. rhyncophyllum which are very near each other. The fruiting sheet (Herb. Singap.) bears on its label only ‘ Singapore’ but no collector’s name. The leaves resemble those of C. pauciflorum, but the inflorescence is quite different. 5. CINNAMOMUM RHYNCOPHYLLUM, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. I. i. 895 (1855). Asmall tree reaching 15 m. in height of stem and a dia- meter of 30—40 cm. ; branchlets slender, subtetragonous, pale brown or greyish, uppermost grey-puberulous as are the conical leaf-buds. Leaves chartaceous, opposite or subopposite, aromatic, smelling of cardamoms (Wray); elliptic or elliptic-oblong, the apex with a long (1—2 cm.) straight or oblique acumen obtuse at tip, the base acutely attenuate ; both surfaces very pale when dry, glabrous, the upper shining, the lower dull glaucescent ; 12—18 cm* long, 4—6 em. broad; ribs 3 prominent, the outer pair from the top of the petiole some- times following the margin for a short distance, then about half-way between the midrib and margin to end just below the acumen ; nerves outside this pair many, oblique or not, joining in an intramarginal looped nerve; transverse nervules many, regular, subparallel, slightly arched ; reticulation finely areolate ; petiole rather stout, 7—14 mm. long. Flowers pale yellow, waxy-looking, in grey-tomentose pedun- culate axillary branching panicles up to 17 cm. long; branches many, subopposite, slender, ending in 7-flowered dichasia, the middle flowers usually the largest and perhaps alone fruit-bearing ; bracts lanceolate, minute, caducous ; pedicels slender ; buds globose. Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 79 Perianth-tube short, villous within ; lobes ovate, acute, 3mm. long, thickened at the back. Stamens with villous broad filaments; those of the Ist and 2nd rows 1°5 to 2 mm. long spathulate with ovate anthers and minute upper cells; those of the 3rd row 2 mm. long with oblong anthers and submarginal cells, the upper very minute, the glands obliquely cordate glabrous, very shortly stipitate, attached near the middle of the filaments; staminodes cordate, glabrous within, villous without, 1 mm. long. Ovary ovoid-globose; style rather slender; stigma obliquely peltate, 2—3-angled. Fruzt not seen. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. XV.i. 11. Perak: at Tapa, Wray 1304!; in open forest near Larut up to 150 m. alt., King’s Collector 3287! .—Duistriz. Sumatra. 6. CINNAMOMUM LAMPONGUM, Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 358 (1862). A medium-sized tree; branchlets slender, terete, uppermost quadrangular, minutely grey-puberulous ; leaf-buds conical, grey-silky- pubescent. Leaves pergamaceous, opposite or subopposite, yellowish when dry; oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, long acuminate at apex, acute at base; upper surface shining glabrous, lower dull glaucous; 5—15 cm. long, 2—4 cm. broad; ribs three raised on both surfaces, the midrib produced to the tip of the acumen, the side nerves to its base; nerves outside them many, short, united in a looped intramarginal nerve; transverse nervules subparallel, arcuate, indistinct; petiole 5—10 mm. long, dark. Flowers in axillary or subterminal grey-brown pubescent panicles up to 12 cm. long, the rhachis quadrangular; branches few spreading, ending in dichasia; pedicels slender. Perianth-tube very short; lobes ovate- orbicular, obtuse, 1:5 cm. long, villous within, 5-nerved. Stamens small, with very small upper anther-cells and slender filaments ; those of Ist and 2nd rows with ovate obtuse anthers; those of the 3rd row with smaller anthers and a pair of large cordate stipitate glabrous glands inserted at the middle of the villous filaments; staminodes of 4th row small, ovate-acuminate, villous-stipitate. Ovary ovoid, attenuated into a rather thick style; stigma with 2— 3 recurved lobes. Fruzt ovoid, truncate, 10—12 mm. long, 7—8 mm. in diameter, seated on the enlarged persistent thickened cup-shaped perianth tube 6 mm. long, 10 mm. in diam. crenulate on the margin; pericarp yellowish when dry, smooth, shining. PERAK: in open jungle up to 240 m. alt. near Larut, King’s Collector 4802!, 6595!.—Distriz. Sumatra (Teysmann, Forbes 2969 !.) 80 Flora of the Malayan Peninsuia. The description of the fruit is taken from K.C. 4802 which has rather smaller and narrow leaves and shorter inflorescence, but seems to be this species. 7. CmNNnAMomMUM vimInEuM, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. II. 76 (1831). A small evergreen tree; branchlets slender, terete, reddish brown, glabrous, younger subcompressed, minutely hoary-pubescent. as are the innovations. Leaves opposite or subopposite, chartaceous ; lanceolate, long acuminate at apex with an obtuse acumen, acute at base; both surfaces glabrous, upper shining, lower pale; 8—12 em. long, 2—4 cm. broad; ribs 3, divergent from the base or slightly above it, the midrib extending to the apex, the side ones to about 2—3 cm. below it; main nerves none; transverse nervules many, irregular, very obscure, enclosing an obscure areolate reticulation ; petiole slender, 7—10 mm. long, glabrous. Flowers in short lateral few-flowered panicles from the internodes of upper branchlets, glabrous, very small. Fruit ovoid, apiculate, 10 mm. long, 75 mm. in diam., seated on the cup-shaped glabrous smooth enlarged perianth with smooth margins, this again supported by the obconic glabrous enlarged pedicel 7 mm. long; pericarp smooth, yellow whendry. Nees Syst. Laur. 82; Meissn. in DC. Prodr. XV. i. 19; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. J. i. 904; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. V. 131. Laurus viminea, Wall. Cat. 2578. Penana: Porter!; on West Hill at 750 m. alt., Curtis 1571! 8. CINNAMOMUM DescHamesilZ, Gamble in Kew Bull. 219 (1910). A tree; branchlets slender, terete, dark brown ; leaf-buds broadly ovoid, 3 mm. long, densely white-silky. Leaves subcoriaceous, opposite or subopposite; elliptic-ovate or -oblong, obtuse at apex and glandular-apiculate, rounded or slightly attenuate at base; both surfaces glabrous, ashy-grey when dry, the upper shining the lower glaucous ; margin cartilaginous slightly recurved; 7—11 cm. long, 4—6 cm. broad; ribs 3, slightly raised on the upper surface, the midrib straight to the apical gland, the side pair from the base or very little above it, widely curving upwards to about three-fourths of the distance to the apex where they break into slender loops and some- times join a single pair of slender nerves; outside nerves about 3, indistinct, widely looped; transverse nervules subparallel, arched, indistinct as is the areolate reticulation ; petiole black, 5—10 mm. long. Flowers moderate-sized in slender lax pedunculate axillary greyish-silky panicles up to 15 cm. long; peduncles filiform, 4-—7 mm. long ; branches also filiform ending in dichasia of usually 7 flowers ; Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 81 pedicels very slender, about 5mm. long. Perianth-tube very short, scarcely 1 mm. long, glabrous within ; lobes oblong, acute, 2—3 mm. long, grey-silky-pubescent on both sides. Stamens slender, 1—2 mm. long, the filaments nearly glabrous; those of the Ist and 2nd row, with oblong anthers and large cells scarcely overlapping ; those of the 3rd row with narrower anthers, the lower cells large the upper minute ; the basal glands thick, reniform-cordate, glabrous, stipitates attached a little above the base of the filaments; staminodes of 4th row sagittate, 1 mm. long, villous-stipitate. Ovary obovoid ; style rather thick; stigma peltate. Fruit not seen. PENANG : roadsides in the mountains, Deschamps /. SINGAPORE : in garden jungle, Ridley 12595! Ridley says he believes this to be an introduced plant, perhaps coming from 8. India, perhaps from China, but I cannot identify it. 9. CINNAMOMUM JAVANICUM, Blume Bijdr, 570 (1825). An evergreen tree or shrub; branchlets subquadrangular, densely pale tawny-tomentose when young, darker and nearly black when old; buds small. Leaves chartaceous, subopposite, very prominently nerved; elliptic or elliptic-oblong, abruptly long acuminate at the apex, cuneate or attenuate at the base; uppersurface shining glabrous except on the ribs which are villous when young, bullate between the transverse nervules, lower surface long-villous especially on the ribs and nervules, the hairs pale brown when young darker when old; margin cartilaginous; 17—40 cm. long, 1—12 cm. broad ; 3-ribbed from about 5 mm. (1—2 cm. when young): above the base, the ribs very strong and raised on both surfaces, the midrib reaching to the tip of the acumen, the side ribs to a little above its base, outside them and close to the margin a regularly looped intramarginal nerve; transverse nervules many, regular and straight or branched forming ladder-like bars between the ribs and between the outer ribs and the looped nerve, impressed above when young, not so when old; reticulation minutely netted, prominent when young; petiole stout, densely tawny-tomentose, 1—3 cm. long. Flowers in tawny-tomentose subsessile fasciculate branched panicles up to 15 cm. long; rhachises quadrangular; branches dichotomous, ending in dichasia; pedicels stout, up to 3 mm. long; buds oblong, up to 5 mm. long. Perianth-tube funnel-shaped, 1—1°5 mm. long, thick-walled, pubescent within; lobes ovate-oblong, 3°5—4 mm. long, also pubescent within, the mouth nearly closed. Stamens 2 mm. long, the filaments broad villous, the anthers elliptic; those of the 11 82 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. lst and 2nd rows rather larger than those of the 3rd row, the upper cells small; those of the 3rd row bearing a little above the base two large cordate or sagittate glabrous glands; staminodes of the 4th row slender, 1:25 mm. long, the stalk villous, the tip cordate, glabrous. Ovary ovoid nearly glabrous; style rather thick, twisted ; stigma with 2—3 recurved lobes. Fruit subglobose, slightly com- pressed laterally, about 25 mm. in diam.; pericarp thick, fleshy, the lower half immersed in a thick cupule formed by the enlarged per- ianth-tube; embryo globose, 15 mm. in diam. Blume Rumph. I. 42, t.19; Meissn.in DC. Prodr. XV. 1.10; Hook. £. Fl. Br. Ind. V. 130; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. X. 73. C. sulphuratum, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. II. 74, and Syst. Laur. 55 im part; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. I. i. 891. SINGAPORE : at Changi, Ung Mokio, Bukit Timah and Garden jungle, Ridley 6453!, 8101!, 15621!; Cantley 22!; Walker 29!. DistRis: Java, Borneo (J'eysmann 8687). Ridley says flowers of this beautiful plant are very rare ; only one of his specimens, without number or locality, possesses them. The description of the fruit is taken from Koorders and Valeton. 10. CINNAMOMUM MOLLISSIMUM, Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. V. 131 (1886). A large evergreenshrub or small tree reaching 10—12 m. in height and 20—30 cm. in diam. of stem, very aromatic; branch- lets slender, subquadrangular, brown, lenticellate, puberulous, the uppermost and innovations densely villous with pale golden-brown spreading hairs as are the ovate leaf-buds,5 mm. long. Leaves chart- aceous to coriaceous, opposite or subopposite, frequently bullate ; elliptic, elliptic-oblong or -lanceolate, attenuately long acuminate at apex and often sphacelate, acute or somewhat rounded at base ; upper surface pale green, glabrous except on the ribs of young leaves, lower greyish-villous, ultimately nearly glabrous ; margins reflexed ; 10—25 cm. long, 2°5—10 cm. broad; ribs three, deeply impressed above, the outer pair from a little (3—7 mm.) above the base, regularly curved almost or quite to the apex; nerves outside these 4—6 on each side obliquely curving to and along the margin and joined in small loops ; transverse nervules distant, irregular, branch- ing; reticulation only conspicuous when young; petiole stout, densely villous, 10—15 mm. long, channelled above. Flowers cream- coloured, smail, in few-flowered long-peduncled densely golden- villous panicles 5—10 cm. long; peduncles at least two-thirds of the length; branches very few, ending in small 7-flowered dichasia; bracts minute, lanceolate; pedicels short; buds globose, grey- a ae Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 83 pubescent. Perianth-tube campanulate, 2—3 mm. long, white- puberulous within; lobes ovate, acute, 2°3—3 mm. long, the outer very slightly the longer, densely golden-villous within, enlarged and thickened in fruit as is the pedicel. Stamens with broad villous filaments ; those of the Ist and 2nd rows 1:5—2 mm. long, with oblong anthers and large lower cells, the tip subapiculate; those of the 3rd row as long with narrower anthers, the lower cells opening more or less laterally, the glands obtuse at apex, unequally cordate or sagittate at base, shortly stipitate, attached at the middle of the filaments; staminodes of the 3rd row cordate, glabrous on the inner, villous on the outer side, 1:25 mm. long. Ovary ovoid, sparsely pubescent, attenuate into a thick style; stigma obliquely peltate. Fruit ovoid, glabrous, black when dry, obtuse at apex, 1—1°5 cm. - long, "75 cm. broad, seated on the enlarged thickened calyx-tube which is strongly keeled and glabrescent, PENANG: at West Hill, Curtis 308!. Prraxk: at Thaipeng, Wray 2669!; in open forest at Lartit up to 250 m. alt. King’s Collector 5568!, 6013!. 11. CrinnaMomum ScorRTECHINIL, Gamble in Kew Bull. 219 (1910). An evergreen tree with thin dark brown fairly smocth bark; branchlets dark brown, terete, the uppermost subquadrangular ferruginous-tomentose ; leaf-buds ovoid, densely grey-tomentose. Leaves coriaceous, opposite or subopposite ; elliptic or elliptic-lanceo- late, acute or shortly and obtusely acuminate at apex, somewhat attenuate or rounded at base; upper surface glabrous except on the ribs, lower densely greyish-tawny tomentose; margins reflexed ; 7—12 cm. long, 2°5—5 cm. broad; ribs 3, impressed above, the side pair branching from the midrib at from 5—7 mm. above its base, not always opposite, curved upwards to end a little below the apex; nerves outside the side ribs about 3—5 on either side, curved obliquely to the margin and joining in loops; transverse nervules subparallel, slightly arched, in old leaves very indistinct as is the reticulation; petiole stout, tawny-tomentose, 10—15 mm. long. Flowers rather large, in few-flowered tawny-pubes- cent axillary panicles up to 7 cm. long; peduncle slender; branches short bearing a pair of 3-flowered dichasia; pedicels short, about 2 mm. long; buds globose. Perianth-tube short, scarcely 2 mm. long, glabrous within; lobes ovate, acute, densely tawny villous within, 2—3 mm. long, the outer slightly the longer. Stamens rather thick, with broad pubescent filaments ; those of the 84 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 1st and 2nd row spathulate, 2—2°5 mm. long, the anther cells large, scarcely overlapping; those of the 3rd row with narrow anthers, the cells opening more or less sideways, the 2 reniform glabrous glands sessile about half-way up the filaments; staminodes of the 4th row sagittate, 1:55—2 mm. long, broadly pubescent-stipitate. Ovary obovoid, villous, rounded at top; style rather thick, villous; stigma peltate. Fruit (immature) an ovoid berry seated on the persistent cupshaped perianth-tube, truncate at the mouth. PERAK: at camp on Ulu Batang Padang at 1500 m. alt. Wray 1520!; Scortechini 322!. Wray’s specimens have rather thicker and smaller leaves than Scorte- chini’s and are grey while the latter are reddish but they agree in shape, nervation and pubescence; the difference being probably only due to ditference of level. 12. CINNAMOMUM AUREO-FULVUM, Gamble in Kew Bull. 220 (1910). A bush; the branchlets slender, uppermost angular, densely golden-tawny-pubescent as are the innovations. Leaves subcoria- ceous subopposite ; elliptic-lanceolate, attenuately long-acuminate at apex, acuminate at base ; upper surface dull, softly appressed grey- pubescent, lower densely golden-tawny-pubescent ; 6—8 cm. long, 1-5—3 cm. broad; 3-ribbed from about 3—5 mm. above the base, the midrib reaching to the tip of the acumen, the side ribs scarcely to its base; transverse nervules subparallel, arched, obscure because hidden in the pubescence ; petiole slender, 1:5—2:5 cm. long, densely pubescent. Flowers in slender tawny-pubescent peduncled dichasia from the axils of upper leaves and up to 4 cm. long; peduncle about 3 em. long; branches about 1 cm., flattened ; bracts caducous; pedicels 2 mm. long; buds ovoid. Perianth-tube campanulate, 1 mm. long, articulate with the oblong rounded 2 mm. long subequal lobes, all tawny-pubescent. Stamens small, 1-5—2 mm. long; filaments broad, villous ; anthers ovate, the upper cells very small, those of tne 3rd row bearing half-way up the filaments a pair of rather large reniform glabrous glands; staminodes of the 4th row 1:25 mm. long, the tip cordate, the stalk pubescent. Ovary subglobose, wrinkled, sparsely hispid; style slender; stigma acute. Fruit not known. SELANGOR: at Hulu Semangko, on top of the hill, Ridley (?) 12103 !, 15598 !. 13. CINNAMOMUM CINEREUM, Gamble in Kew Bull. 220 (1910). A tree reaching 15—20 m. in height and thestem with a diameter of 40— Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 85 50cm.; branches spreading ; branchlets slender, terete, glaucous-grey. Leaves sub-coriaceous, undulate, opposite or sub-opposite ; lanceolate, acute at apex, subcuneate at base ; both surfaces glabrous, the upper shining dark green when fresh, olive green whendry, the lower grey- cinereous as are the young leaves on both sides ; margins cartilagin- ous; 8—15 cm. long, 3—5 cm. broad; ribs 3, the midrib slender ‘in young, strong in old leaves, the side pair branching from the midrib at from 5 to 15 mm. above the base, sometimes not quite opposite, curving to about 2 of the length of the blade and then joined by the main nerves and breaking up into loops; main nerves from the midrib about 4—6 pairs, rather obscure; reticulation pro- minently areolate in young leaves, hardly apparent in old ones; _ petiole rather stout, 1 —1°5 cm. long, channelled above. Flowers pale vellow, in slender long-peduncled grey-pruinose panicles or 7- or 15- flowered dichasia, reaching 15 cm. in length ; peduncles very slender, somewhat flattened as are the branches and pedicels ; buds obovoid, very minutely puberulous. Perianth-tube rather siender, 2 mm. long glabrous within ; lobes ovate, 2°5 mm. long, white-villous within spe- cially at the base. Stamens slender, 2—2:5 mm. long; those of the Ist and 2nd rows with oblong anthers and anther-cells and nearly gla- brous filaments; those of the 3rd row with smaller anthers, filaments villous at base and 2 large uniform glabrous stipitate glands, trun- cate or lobed at apex, inserted about 4 of the way up the filaments staminodes of 4th row 1:5 mm. long with ovoid acute heads and villous filaments. Ovary ovate-oblong, narrowed into the slender style ; stigma peltate, oblique. Fruit not known. PERAK: at Waterfall Hill at about 360 m. alt., Wray 2629! : in dense jungle near mountain streams at 300—450 m. alt. near Thaiping, King’s Collector 8515 !. 14. CINNAMOMUM INUNCTUM, Meissn. in DC, Prodr. XV. 1. 25 (1864). A tree; branchlets slender, black when dry ; leaf-buds lanceo- late, glabrous. Zeaves membranous or chartaceous, alternate or sub-opposite ; ovate or elliptic, obtuse or bluntly acuminate at apex, rounded or attenuate, usually unequally, at base; both surfaces pale when dry, glabrous; 5—li cm. long, 3—5 cm. broad; mid- rib slender, prominent beneath ; main nerves faint, 6—9 pairs, the lowest pair frequently opposite and curved to more than halfway up, the rest joining near the margin in small loops, the axils usually bearing a pitted gland; reticulation minutely areolate, prominent under the lens ; petiole slender, 1—2°5cm. long. Flowers small, up 86 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. to 10 mm. broad when open, in slender few-flowered axillary or lateral glabrous panicles up to 8 cm. long; peduncles slender or filiform ; branches sub-opposite, subumbellate ; pedicels slender, 5 mm- long. Perianth-tube funnel-shaped, short, glabrous within; lobes ovate-oblong, obtuse, up to 2 mm. long, white-villous within, deciduous after flowering. Stamens very small ; the lower anther cells elliptic, the upper usually circular ; those of the Ist and 2nd rows ‘75—1-25 mm. long, the anthers obtuse, the filaments slender, villous; those of the 3rd row similar and with a pair of reniform subsessile glands close to the base outside the filaments ; staminodes of the 4th row cuneiform, stipitate. Ovary ovoid; style rather thick, curved ; stig- ma peltate. Fruit an ovate berry the size of a pea, seated on a funnel-shaped cupule (Meissn.). Kurz For. Fl. II. 289 ; Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. V. 135. Camphora inuncta, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. IIT. 32 and Syst. Laur. 89; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1.1. 905. Tetranthera cam- phoracea, Wall. M.S. Matacca (7): Griffith K.D. 4256!; Maingay K.D. 1244!.—Dts- TRI8. Burma (Tavoy). 15, CiInNAMOMUM PARTHENOXYLON, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. XV. i. 26 (1864). A very large tree with straight trunk reaching 30 to 45 m. in height and a diameter of 1 m. and perhaps more; branches spreading; branchlets moderately thick, nearly black when dry, the uppermost angular, glabrous: leaf-buds lanceolate, inflores- cence buds with large silky-pubescent deciduous scales. Leaves very variable in shape and texture, young ones thin, red when first open, the old ones subcoriaceous, alternate; elliptic or elliptic- ovate or -obovate, sometimes lanceolate, acute or acuminate at apex, acute or rounded and usually unequal at base ; both surfaces glabrous, the upper dull or slightly shining, the lower more or less glaucous ; 6—12 cm. long, 3—6 cm. broad : midrib slender, not prominent ; main nerves very irregular, about 6 to 8 pairs, not prominent, curving upwards to joinin rather obscure loops near the margin; no glands in the nerve axils; reticulation areolate ; petiole slender, 2--3 cm. long, usually channelled above. Flowers small, 10 mm. broad when open, light yellow, in lax slender axillary or lateral panicles up to 8 cm. long; peduncles and pedicels filiform, glabrous or the latter puberulous. Perianth-tube funnel-shaped, glabrous within; lobes elliptic-oblong, obtuse, nearly glabrous without, villous within, 2—2°5 mm. long, deciduous after flowering. Stamens minute, the anthers with nearly circular pores; those of the Ist and 2nd rows Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 87 with nearly orbicular anthers and short slightly villous filaments, ‘75 mm. long ; those of the 3rd row 1:25 mm. long, very obtuse, with 2 large reniform subsessile glands attached near the base outside the villous filaments ; staminodes of the 4th row cuneiform or sagittate, stipitate, villous outside, 1 mm. long. Ovary ovoid, glabrous ; style short ; stigma large, peltate. Fruit a globose berry about 7 mm. in diam. seated on the truncate spreading cup-shaped enlarged perianth- tube, the fruiting pedicel long-funnel-shaped ; exocarp thick, succu- lent, dark purple ; endocarpcrustaceous. Seed spherical; testa mem- branous ; cotyledons hemispherical, enclosing the minute radicle. Kurz For. Fl. II. 289; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. V. 185; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. XI. 82. C. pseudo-Sassafras, Meissn. 1. c. 27. C. ? malaccense, Meissn.1.c. 27. C. Neesitanum, Meissn.1.c. 26. Par- thenoxylon porrectum, pseudo-Sassafras and pruinosum, Blume in Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I. 323; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I. 1. 967. Cam- phora Parihenoxylon, Nees in Wali. Pl. As. Rar. II. 76; Benth. FI. Hongk. 290. C. pseudo-Sassafras, Miq. in Zoll. Cat. 113, 114. C. chinensis, Nees Syst. Laur. 92. Sassafras Parthenoxylon, Nees Syst. Laur. 491; Wight Ic. t. 1832 (copied from Roxb.). Persea pseudo-Sassafras, Zoll. in Nat. Gen. Arch. Il. 635. Laurus Parthen- oxylon, Jack in Mal. Misc. I. 28; Wall. Cat. 2602. L. pseudo-Sassa- fras, Bl. Bijdr. 573. L. porrecta, Roxb. Fl. Ind. II. 308. Phebe latifolia, Champ. in Kew Journ. Bot. V. 197. Penanc: Wallich 2602!; Curtis 512!, 1038!, 1406!; J. Scott. ; King’s Collector 1456!. Province WELLESLEY: at Tasik Glugor, Ridley 6968!, 12585!. Dinpinas: at Pangkore, Ridley 8377!. PERAK: at Lumut Dindings, Ridley 3044!; at Kinta and Gunong Bubu, King’s Collector 7120!, 8354!; at lower camp, Gunong Batu Pateh, Wray 1072!. Matacca: Maingay K.D. 1244!, 1512!. Distris. Burma, Java, Sumatra, China. In Herb. Singapore is a sheet collected by F. Dennys at Gunong Menkong Labar in the Federated States. The specimen has no flowers or fruit but the leaves are remarkable for being very thick. eaves opposite or subopposite, very coriaceous; ovate, obtusely acuminate at apex, rounded at base and slightly decurrent; glabrous and shining on both surfaces; margins flat ; ribs 3, flat, with a slender quite basal additional pair close to the margin and soon forming a looped intramarginal nerve ; the inner ribs alongside the midrib for about 1 cm. then leaving it to curve upwards to about ? of the length of the blade when they meet.the first main nerves and break into loops; main nerves from midrib 3—1 pairs, faint, below them prominent not parallel transverse nervules; outside the ribs 6 or more outer nerves, short, meeting the intramarginal one; reticulation prominent, beautifully areolate ; length 88 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 10—15 cm., breadth 5—8 cm.; petiole very stout 1—1°5 em. long, bordered above by the decurrent margins of the blade. It seems to belong to Cimna- momum; but in the absence of flower and fruit this is not quite certain. 7. ALSEODAPHNE, Nees. Evergreen trees. Leaves alternate, often subverticillate or fascicled at the ends of the branchlets, penninerved. Flowers small, hermaphrodite, in axillary or subterminal panicles, the cymules of the branches often subumbellate. Perianth-tube short, continuous with the pedicel ; lobes 6, subequal, the outer ones often slightly the smaller. Stamens 9 fertile, with 4-celled ovate-oblong anthers; those of the lst row opposite the outer perianth lobes, and introrse ; those of the 2nd row opposite the inner perianth-lobes also introrse ; those of the 3rd row opposite those of the Ist row, ex- trorse, and with two usually large glabrous glands at the base a little behind; staminodes of the 4th row opposite the stamens of the 2nd row, large, glabrous on the inner side, stipitate, ovate or cordate. Ovary ovoid or globose, l-celled, 1-ovuled; style rather slender; stigma peltate. Fruit an ellipsoid or globose berry, seated on the enlarged perianth-tube and usually persistent lobes and supported by the enlarged often red and warted pedicel (as in Dehaasia).—DistR1s. India, China, Malay Islands and Peninsula, about 12 species. Third row of stamens with glands distinct from the filaments, at their base. Leaves membranous Flowers in glabrous panicles, minute ; berry ellipsoid 2°5 cm. long Me .. IL. A. peduncularis. Flowers in grey-puberulous panicles, larger ; perry globose 1°5 em. long ds .. 2. A. Wrayt. Leaves coriaceous Drupe globose under 1°5 em. in diameter ; leaves under 12 em. in length re .. 3. A. bancana. Drupe oblong-ellipsoid, 4—5 em. long, 2 em. in diam. ; leaves over 20 cm. long .. 4 A. peliolaris. Leaves very coriaceous, rarely under 15 cm. in length Berry dull, black, ellipsoid, about 2 cm. long and 1 cm. broad .. : 5. A. paludosa. Berry shining, brown, oblong-ellipsoid, 3°5 cm. long and 2 cm. broad, seated on the prominent enlarged perianth-tube, the lobes deciduous “ie .. 6. A. insignis. Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 89 Berry pale brown, very scurfy and pustu- lar, oblong-ellipsoid, 7—8 cm. long and about 4 cm. in diameter; perianth-tube not enlarged in a ring, its lobes persistent 7. A. Ridieyi. 3rd row of stamens with glands attached to the filaments above the base: leaves sub-membranous, pendulous, large; panicles subracemose with dis- tant branches and few flowers eye .. 8. A. pendulifolia. Species imperfectly known ae .. 9. A. crassipes. 1. ALSEODAPHNE PEDUNCULARIS, Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. V. 144 (1886). A shrub or small tree, reaching 3 to 4:5 m. in height; branchlets white, slender, uppermost nearly black when dry ; leaf- buds lanceolate, 5—6 mm. long, black when dry, with few scales. Leaves membranous, more or less fascicled at the ends of the branch- lets; elliptic-lanceolate, obtusely subcaudate, acuminate at apex, acutely attenuate or cuneate at base; both surfaces glabrous, dark olive-green when dry ; 10—20 cm. long, 3—7 cm. broad; midrib slender, raised on both surfaces ; main nerves 6 to 10 pairs, slightly curved for about two-thirds of the distance to the margin and then joined by broad loops, prominent and pale beneath; transverse nervules few, irregular, easily visible beneath ; petiole slender, 5—10 cm. long. Flowers minute, greenish yellow, in slender nearly glabrous pedunculate panicles from the axils of the uppermost leaves, 3—7 cm. long; peduncles subfiliform up to 4 cm. long; branches very slender ending in umbellate cymules of about 3—6 flowers; bracts subulate, bracteoles minute; pedicels subclavate ; buds globose. Perianth-tube short; lobes nearly equal, ovate, 1—1°5 mm. long, glabrous without, puberulous within. Stamens very short, hairy, those of Ist and 2nd rows -75 mm. long with very short villous filaments; those of 3rd row similar but longer and with 2 ovate glabrous villously stipitate -5 mm. long glands at the base or alittle behind ; staminodes of the 4th row reniform, glabrous except on the back and for a villous tuft at base. Ovary globose, slightly villous; style thick, curved; stigma broadly peltate. Fruit an ellipsoid berry, 2°5 cm. long, 1°5 cm. in diameter, supported on the persistent perianth lobes and the much thickened cylindric straight or curved red pedicel, 2-4 cm. long; pericarp black when ripe, smooth. Haasia peduncularis, Nees Syst. Laur. 376: Meissn. in DC. Prodr. XV. I. 61; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I. i. 930. Machilus peduncularis, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. II. 70. Persea peduncu- laris, Nees Syst. Laur. 125 (excl. syn. Rumph.). Laurus peduncu- laris, Wall. Cat. 2596. 12 90 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. Penance: Wallich 2596!. Perak: Wray 3632!, 3683!, 3792!; Scortechini 536!; near Ulu Kerling and Ulu Selangor at 120 to 240 m. alt., King’s Collector 7916!, 8632!, 8836!. SELANGOR: at Labu and Petaling, Ridley 7622!, 8492!; at Kwala Lumpur, Mohamed 1908! 2, ALSEODAPHNE WRaAYI, Gamble in Kew Bull. 220 (1910). A tree. reaching 30 m. in height and a considerable girth; branchlets rather slender with greyish-white bark; leaf-bids lanceolate acu- minate nearly 1 cm. long, black, with few scales. Leaves mem- branous, somewhat clustered at the ends of the branchlets; ellip- tic-lanceolate, obtusely rather long acuminate at apex, narrowed at base; upper surface glabrous, dull, olive-brown when dry, lower minutely puberulous and punctate finally glabrous; 7—12 cm. long, 3—5 cm. broad ; midrib slender, slightly impressed and keeled above, raised beneath; main nerves 10—12 pairs raised beneath, rather irregular and usually oblique, curving to branch and meet near the margin in irregular loops; transverse nervules and reticulation clear but not prominent; petiole 1—1-°5 cm. long, channelled above. Flowers pale green, about 5 mm. in diam. in pedunculate branching slender grey-puberulous panicles from the upper leaf-axils, about as long as the leaves and reaching 10 cm. in length and 5 cm. in breadth ; peduncles slender, 4 to 5 cm. long ; branch peduncles also slender, cymules 3—5-flowered ; pedicels very slender, somewhat clavate, about 7 mm. long; bracts ovate, caducous; bracteoles minute, triangular; buds globose. Perzanth- tube short, cup-shaped ; lobes subequal or the outer very slightly the shorter, up to 2 mm. long, puberulous within as without. Stamens of Ist and 2nd rows slender, clavate, 2 mm. long, the filaments and connective villous; stamens of 3rd row as long but more slender and the 2 upper anther-cells very inconspicuous, glands at the base ovoid glabrous rather large; staminodes of 4th row oblong, glabrous except the tuft of hair at the base, about as large as the glands. Ovary ovoid, glabrous; style slender; stigma peltate. Fruit a globose or slightly ellipsoid berry 1:5 cm. in diam., seated on the persistent reflexed perianth and a clavate subtrigonous enlarged fleshy pedicel 2 cm. long; pericarp black, shining, thin; embryo depressed at apex. Perak: at Kota, Wray 2543!; in forest near Larut, King’s Collector 54931, 5917! Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 91 The leaves of this species resemble those of A. peduncularis, but the flowers are larger and different in many respects. 3. ALSEODAPHNE BANCANA, Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. I. i. 915 (1855). Tree (?); branchlets moderately thick, greyish-brown, lenticellate uppermost more slender; leaf-buds ovate acute, with few shining whitish scales. Leaves coriaceous, usually fascicled at the ends of the branchlets; obovate, shortly obtusely acuminate at apex, cuneate at base; both surfaces glabrous, upper dark olive-green to black when dry, lower dull and somewhat reddish puberulous when young ; margins slightly recurved ; 10—20 cm. long, 5—9 cm. broad ; midrib stout, prominent and raised on both surfaces; main nerves 10—12 pairs, the lowest faint, impressed above, raised beneath, at first nearly straight then curving upwards to meet at about 5 mm. from the margin in prominent loops ; transverse nervules few, paral- lel; reticulation obscure ; petiole stout, much wrinkled, 10O—15 mm. long, bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade. Flowers very small, in slender subracemose panicles from the uppermost axils, about as long as the leaves ; peduncles slender, 5—8 cm. long ; branches short ; cymules 3—5-flowered ; pedicels slender, 4—5 mm. long ; buds globose, 2 mm. in diam. Perianth-tube short, lobes subequal, the outer rather shorter than the inner, puberulous, obo- vate, obtuse. Stamens very minute ; those of Ist and 2nd rows with nearly orbicular anthers and short broad pubescent filaments, ‘75 mm. long; those of 3rd row rather longer and narrower, the glands at their base large, white, glabrous ; staminodes of 4th row ovate, acute, glabrous without, hairy at back, 5 mm. long. Ovary rounded ; style short, thick ; stigma peltate. Fruct a globose berry 1-5 cm. in diameter, seated on the persistent perianth lobes and a not much thickened warty enlarged pedicel; pericarp black, smooth, rather thin. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. XI.1i. 28.