i aia any 3 : as q sth 4 4 bark Sas oy rg , 4 i RSENS HE Um tta i antae ) alls toe eh iy tm Bai e am un \ ne fas vet MSFT and ane 5 Me eh Bethe ¢ nies Fas ye i ie aa pay te » * hs Tuva Weck) : Wis oy! the MAN iN a a F Ms Mayen Wata ed bad 8 ; NG % L ‘ : y vals au he wh aves * a 4 i Se AT a * tah : AHN man OSs ait Mutat ebay : beep Ata 4 f tig Saeny seat aly ‘ ey ne yapeaen 5 if aie th, it he iit mY Ye 4 PH Bite ioe rai y f Se Magara daa ; Pine + 4 Hat h " na Air ey teats, sil ue haat ead sou " , a a =‘. eee De tie \. Pee IES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3IYYV SM NY SW Nv SM is ae isk us 5 z 3 us . = Log ant ox <3, = < = : < en si B = re a = ant a \ = a S au 00g LSNI _NVINOSHIIWS ~°4 luvud 7 tl BRARI SMe Sopa Ne FRG is a Lis Ss ie Li o * = ow — Ace) 2 INS = 2 = ee) > WWE > = pis a \\ E au =. i SS \S 2 m g m 7) = Ww < wo TES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI NVINOSHLINS S31uVv lf! LSNI NVINOSHLINS S3IYVYEIT_ LIBRARIES Doe ge ee = z 4 Nip, Za + \ 2 5 & YZ 3 é WY 2 = 2G f! & Zz . > 2 = >’ = = = nw Zz a) Zz LSN!I_NVINOSHLIWS LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITI 2 ” = | n = Ww “p 4 = = Yy,% 2 : ee 2 NO" a = - ro) SN ss ro) ro) Zz ay = ae TES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI S3IuYY “0 pe] > eo) mm wm INSTITUTION Ss INSTITUTION INSTITUTION : Q ~ Q . SMITHSONIAN NVINOSHLINS S3Ilu¥vuall LIBRAR IE z= (¢2) z= ee = 2 <= = Ds y S Y RW = os EGY 2S 5 pe 7 oN : = > oe = \ = = ee id ra ines is Z ALSNI — SMITHSONIAN NVYINOSHLIWS RIES SMITHSONIAN _INSTITUTION Ww = Ww wl oO tu oe. 5 ow % < =” & ac a Me iS 24 a! Fa YY JLSNI NVINOSHLINS S3I¥Vvudli SAS & i o 2 o 2 = 2 > = > a eS ri a z a NOILNLILSNI SJIdvuaiT_ LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN SMITHSONIAN a aa za ul Wy; w = O%* 7 =A s OME 2 ! = a re) aa) za S$3luy fi = a 2 : res cs - m o = wo = =| = 7} oO = > ea SMITHSONIAN NOILALILSNI NVINOSHLINS S312 S3INVUGIT LIBRARIES INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI RIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOLINLILSN! NVINOSHLIINS S3IY An mun i 1 havin} it HOT Libro. I ISl 18, ny JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOCY: BEING THE ORGAN OF THE CONCHOROGICART SOCIETY : Oe GIRIBVATE SIRI IAIUN, aNINID) JORIS IE/ZAUIN ID) iJ EDITED, UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE COUNCIL, BY WILLIAM E. HOYLE. Y VOL. X. IQOI—1903. ~413q, Lonpon: Dulau & Co., 37, Soho Sq., W. Leeps: Taylor Bros., Sovereign St. | MANCHESTER: J. E. Cornish, St. Ann’s Sq. BERLIN: Friedlaender & Sohn, Carlstrasse, 11. ClO NS DANG Ss CuasteErR, G. W. Changes in Generic Names in the Pyramidellidze Ae List OF British MARINE MOLILUSCA AND BRACHIOPODA ... ws Q—27 STATEMENT BY THE COMMITTEE for Collective Investigation ... 28—29 Lucas, B. R. On the Spreading of es Sah ais in Lancashire and Cheshire Re 34 Sykes, E. R., B.A. Coren at the Deen aaa ‘Clow of oe niin. teenth Cantanre Presidential Address ... ; 90 we 35—42 OLDHAM, CHARLES. Paludestrina jenkinsi (Smith) in + Gaeshite Bae 42 Hors ey, Rey. J. W. Helix arbustorum ata High Altitude ... 5 42 MELVILL, J. Cosmo, and R. STanpDEN. Mollusca collected by Mr. Rupert Vallentin at Stanley Harbour, Falkland Isles, 1897-99 .. 43-47 Woopwarb, B. B. Dates of Publication of Forbes and Hanley’s ‘‘ His- tory of British Mollusca ” a ; seh ane 47 Hors ey, Rev. J. W. Notes from Tonite, Oenrcill aah ne 48 MAYFIELD, ARTHUR. Norfolk Marine Mollusca... aa ues 49 WoOopDwWarb, B. B. Tapes geographicus and T. pullastra ns 51—52 NEwTon, R. BULLEN. The Geological Distribution of Extinct British Non-Marine Mollusca ae A : .. 58—74 Byng, L. Sr. G., and ALFRED LEICESTER. The metas Mounees and Brachiopoda os the Isle of Man Bp 75—85 WHITWELL, WILLIAM. Notes of Shells observed aa panectcdl in Batt _ Sussex wb aes she ib a00 ... 86—87 NOTICE BY THE COMMITTEE for Gallealive Investigation... bee 88 COLLIER, EDWARD. Reversed Helices recently found in Lancashire... gI Kew, H. WALLIS. On the Mucus-Threads of Land-Slugs_... ... 92—103 SmitH, EpGar A. On South African Marine Shells, with descriptions of New Species 000 206 “ils 206 soe 104—116 MELVILL, J. Cosmo. Cyprzea chrysalis Kien. and C. microdon Gray 117—I19 MARSHALL, J. T. Additions to ‘‘ British Conchology ” is 122—128 iv. JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10. SOMERVILLE, A. The Conchology of the es Geographical and Bio- a graphical; Presidential Address a 900 eh 137—I41 Jackson, J. W. Report on the Hope and Castleton Ramble ... vest 14t MELVILL, J. Cosmo. Thomas Rogers ce oor ae 142—144 Hors ey, Rev. J. W. Faunistic Notes... le bee 144 Kew, H. WaLuis. On the Mucus-Threads of Land- Stites Ue) 153—165 MARSHALL, J. T. Tapes geographicus and T. pullastra sah 166—167. WoopwarbD, B. B. A Final Note on Tapes geographicus ae be 167 PANNELL, C., Jr. The Land and Freshwater Mollusca of Surrey, with the Localities where the Species and Varieties have been found 168—179 Jackson, J. W. NReport on the Guide Bridge and Dukinfield Ramble ... 179 REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE appointed to draw up a Revised List of British Marine Mollusca and Brachiopoda ae Be 180—182 STANDEN, R. Report on the Marple Ramble es abo ste 182 KeNnyON, AGNES. Some Undescribed Varieties of Cypreea ... 183—184 GREEN, W. A. A few Notes on Imported Mollusca ... 185—186 MARSHALL, J. T. Additions to ‘‘ British Conchology ” (cocthrecd 190—193 ByNeE, L. St. G. Note on a Colour Variety of Cypreea argus ... fan 193 SWANTON, E. W. South African Notes... uA ae ' 194—195 Newton, R. BuLLEN. On the adoption of Ronee Coe for Arctica of Schumacher “at eu we ne mae 196 Hoye, W. E. British Cephalopoda: Their Nomenclature and Identifi- cation aii ee Ba on as salt 197—204 CoLLiER, Epwarp. The Section Placostylus of the Genus Bulimus 208—214 Hoye, W. E. Two Points in Nomenclature ae se see 214 LEICESTER, ALFRED. Buckinghamshire Mollusca: New Records c03 216 Jackson, J. W. The Hope and Castleton Ramble : Additional Note 216 ADAMS, LIONEL E. The Census of British Land & Freshwater Mollusca 217—237 Dati, W. H. Onthe Genus Gemma, Deshayes _... bow 238—243 NEWTON, R. BULLEN. Cyprina v. Cypriniadea_... 500 see 243 WEtcH, R. Scalariform Helix nemoralis ... : at 244—246 SMITH, EDGAR A. ea of New ae of Moure Shells from South Africa ago boe : ae 200 248—251 Epwarps, J. S. Note on the Drying of Chitons _... $00 seg 253 ButTron, F. L. West American Cypreeidee, with a Prefatory Note by L. St. G. BYNE es wae abn oat sh 254—258 STANDEN, R. Report on the Leasowe Ramble Be 530 ae 258 CHADWICK, W. H. — Self-Fecundation in Planorbis vortex... a00 265 Brown, L. B. Notes on the Land and Freshwater Shells of Barbados 266—273 REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE eG to draw up a List of British Marine Mollusca... ae ; ba re ae ES 280 Jackson, J. W. Helix rotundata Mit, m. sinistrorsum at Castleton, Derbyshie 284 Stusss, A. G. Paludestrina jenkinsi near Eastbourne a eye ote 284 ToMLIN, J. R.. BROcKToN, and E. D. MARQuUAND. The Land and Freshwater Shells of the Channel Islands vhs ads 285—294 CONTENTS. Vv. page. MAYFIELD, ARTHUR. Notes on the Land and Freshwater Mollusca of East Suffolk aa Sa se 606 Usa 295—299 CooperrR, J. E. Helix pisana var. alba Shuttl. in Guernsey... ahs 299 PEARCE, Rev. S.S. The association of Helix nemoralis and H. ners 300 —301 WetcH, R. The association of Helix nemoralis and H. hortensis in Treland ade He mst aNG Aso aoe 302—303 WHITWELL, W. Surrey and Sussex East Records ... Ses ae 303 Jackson, J. W. Notes on the Miller’s Dale Ramble 3 680 303 ToMLIN, J. R. LE BROCKTON. Vertigo heldi in Ireland ave 307—308 Taytor, F. Report on the Bardsley Ramble Sub be She 308 Woopwarb, B. B. Vitrea rogersin.sp.... “a one 309—311 CoopERse).) fh.) “Av Correction ~~. sek ae bie 311 WetcH, k. Clausilia bidentata and Balea perversa in Ireland ae 312 Moore, C. H. Occurrence of Vertigo alpestris at Holker, Lancs. Ali 312 SMITH, EvGAR A. Descriptions of New Species of Land Shells from Central Africa Ae Bee Bo 50% Fs 315—319 MELVILL, J. Cosmo. The Genera Pseudoliva and Macron ... Ae 320 Horsey, Rev. J. W. Turricola terrestris and Helix virgata ... 330 PANNELL, C., Jr. Additional Notes ages the Land and Freshwater Mol- lusca of Surrey a . 386 he 368 oy 331 ADAMS, LIONEL E. Foreign distribution of Helix virgata, H. caperata, and other British Mollusks ... 506 See 5h 334 Wetcu, R. Pockets of Land Shells, Betamodih Dunes, Portstewart ... 338 MELVILL, J. C., and R. SrANDEN. The Genus Scala (Klein) Humphrey as represented in the Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman, and North Arabian Sea ae sik ais ah pan ae se 340 SMITH, EpGAR A. Note on Macron trochlea ie 360 a 351 WoopwakbD, B. B. List of British Non-Marine Mollusca... eG 352 BALDWIN, J. W. The Land Shells of the Turton District .. Se 307 SMITH, EpGAR A. A New Species of Modiola from Malacca 6 368 INDEX ... Sie sas ay 40 we Sie Pgs te BIBLIOGRAPHY a ... 56, 89, 120, 150, 188, 206, 251, 282, 313, 337 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY— Annual Meeting, October, 1900—November, 1900 aoe si) 29 December, 1900-March, 1901 ... tes ae aoe 535 53 April, May, 1991... aN sia Be a38 mk 87 June, Igor ... ‘ hse nei Aas 120 Annual Meeting, eenenier Rea I90l_... sis nes 145 January—March, 1902 00 aoe 3 Bile ass 186 April, May, 1902... 90¢ a tae ox: he 215 June-September, 1902 ok ash Bee ae 246 Annual Meeting, October-December, 1902 35 Lee Bee 274 January—March, 1903 ve Noe ants us ee 304 April-June, 1903... Hore) Wen see sa Hes 335 vi. JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. IO. PROCEEDINGS OF THE LONDON BRANCH— Page. Annual Report ae ee sie et boy wad 42 » ” 136 ” » 281 CONSTITUTION AND LIST OF MEMBERS ... iad roe I, 129, 259 LIST OF PLATES. South African Marine Shells dae nee BS bs aa I. Form Examples of Helix nemoralis be Bee says aes II. Map of the British Marine Area... ue vas a se III. New Species of Mollusca from South and Central Africa ae 2 IV. Map illustrating the ‘‘ Census of British Land and Freshwater Mollusca ” V. Species of Vitrea ono 050 a ae iy op VI. Scalze from the Persian Gulf, &c. ... Se Rs ay ae VII. ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT. page. Agriolimax agrestis spinning threads (after Latham) ... st sep 94 S an es », (after Férussac) ... Bes ae 95 Arion subfuscus ascending a thread ah sae ae a 154 Arion hortensis descending a thread ste aap na suo 155 Diagram of Slug Spinning aM se Be ah bse 160 Sylvanocochlis ancilla _... ae Bh nk de ty. 325 Modiola evansi ... ba ae Bae dat ht ag 368 No. 9, No. II, pp. THE DIFFERENT PARTS COMPOSING THIS VOLUME PP: PP: 1212) pp- Pp: PD ER: pp: BE: No. 10, pp. 289-320, Plates V. ve VI. itt Beenie WERE ISSUED AS FOLLOWS :— I-32 ... 33-64... 65-96... : 97-128, Plate I. with A euee 129-160 161-192 193-224 225-256, Plate II. with Tagore. § Plate Ill. 257-288 321-344, Plate IV. with Explanation No. 12, pp. 345-376, Plate VII. with Explanation Title-Page, Contents, and Index January April . July October January April . July October January April . July October October Vil. 1901. Igol. Tgol. Igol. 1902. 1902. 1902. 1902. 1903. 1903. 1903. 1903. 1903. Vill. ERRATA. Page 62, line 12, for ‘‘Steenii” vead ‘*Steeni.” Page 63, line 3, insert ‘‘ x ” in column 2. Page 201, line 21, for ‘‘glaucopsis” vead ‘‘glaucopis.”’ Page 234, line 10, delete ‘18’ in line with ‘‘L. cinereo-niger.” Page 255, headline for “INDIAN” vead ‘*AMERICAN.” Page 279, line 15 from bottom jor ‘‘ Winston, Dorset” vead ‘Winston, Durham.” for ‘Molton, Dorset,” vead ‘‘Molton, Devon.” line 9 from bottom for ‘‘behnz” read ‘‘r7ise7.” Page 294, line 2 from bottom for ‘vol. 2” read “vol. 1.” Page 335, line 3 from bottom for *‘ Belfast” read ‘‘ Larne.” Page 354 after “‘secale Draparnaud 70” insert *quinquedentata (4or7) [=cinerea Drap.] 70A.” Constitution & List of Members OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. 1.—This Society shall be called “Che Conchological Society of Great Britain and Freland.” 2.—Its object shall be the promotion of the science of Conchology, by the hold- ing of Meetings for the reading and discussion of original papers, by the publication of proceedings, and by the formation of a Library and Collec- tions illustrative of the science. 3.—It shall consist of Ordinary and Honorary Members. 4.—Ordinary Members shall be proposed by two Members at one meeting, and balloted for at the next. They shall pay, in advance, on the Ist January in each year, a subscription of 5/-, or may compound for life by the pay- ment of Three Guineas. If on December 31st of any year a member shall be three or more years in arrear with his or her subscription, the Council shall erase his or her name from the list of members, and shall take what- ever steps seem desirable for recovery of the arrears. The Council shall further report the erasure of such names to the next meeting of the Society with a view to their publication in the Journal. 5.—Composition Fees shall be invested in Books, Cabinets, or other permanent property, or in such other manner as the Council may think most conducive to the benefit of the Society. 6.—The number of Honorary Members shall be limited to ten, and they shall be exempt from all payments and have the privileges of Ordinary Members. 7-—It shall be governed by a Council, consisting of a President, four Vice- Presidents, a Treasurer, a Secretary, a Curator, a Recorder, a Librarian, and six other members, who shall be elected annually by ballot; the voting paper issued to be returned to the Secretary, under cover of sealed enve- lope, addressed to the Scrutineers. The President and Secretary of the Leeds and London Branches and such other branches as may afterwards be accepted at an annual meeting shall, ev officio, also be members of the Council of the Society. 8.—The Presidency shall not be tenable for more than two years continuously, and the President is expected to give an address. 9.—The meetings shall be held monthly, at the time and place fixed by the Council, who shall also have power to arrange such additional meetings as they may think desirable. 10.—Three shall be a quorum at all meetings. 11.—The Annual Meeting shall be held at such time and place as may be fixed at the previous Annual Meeting, to receive the Reports and Balance Sheet of the out-going Council, and to elect a Council and Officers for the ensuing year. 2 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. I, JANUARY, IQOI. 12.—The accounts, before being presented, shall be audited by two members, appointed. at a previous meeting. 13.—The proceedings shall be published periodically, under the direction of the Council. 4.—The Capital and Property shall be vested in two Trustees, elected by the Society. 15.—No alterations in the rules shall be made, unless by a majority of three-fourths of the members present at a meeting which has been specially summoned. ————+-e+¢—___ LIST OF OFFICERS AND COUNCIL FOR 1900-1901. PRESIDENT : ALEXANDER SOMERVILLE, B.Sc, F.L.S. VICE-PRESIDENTS : R. D. DARBISHIRE. THOMAS ROGERS. JOHN Rk. B. MASEFIELD, M.A. 1B, IRs SWIKIRS, BAN. HON. TREASURER: | HON. SECRETARY AND LIBRARIAN : i, IDs BOS WOCIK WG 185 1eKONAUIS, WGA, TRS lB HON. CURATOR : | HON. RECORDER: ROBERT STANDEN. LIONEL E. ADAMS, B.A. COUNCIL : J. T. MARSHALL. J. COSMO MELVILL, M.A., F.L.S. E. C. STUMP. Ge, We CaVASIMEIS, MIL IRC.S. EDWARD COLLIER. Rev. G. A. F. KNIGHT, M.A. LEEDS BRANCH. Hon. SEc. - Mrs. H. G. BRIERLEY. LONDON BRANCH. PRESIDENT - Rey. J. W. HORSLEY SECRETARY : - - J. E. COOPER LIST OF MEMBERS. Corrected to Dec. 12, rg00. (With year of election; O = founder, or original member; L = Life Member *post packets have been returned undelivered). HONORARY MEMBERS (Limited to ten in number). 1889. Bergh, Prof. Dr. Rudolph, Vestregade, Copenhagen. 1889. Binney, Wm. G., 222, E. Union St., Burlington, New Jersey, U.S.A. 1889. Cossmann, Maurice, Ingénieur-chef des services techniques du chemin de fer du nord, 95, Rue de Maubeuge, Paris. 1897. Dall, Wm. Healey, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, U.S.A. 1878. Kobelt, Dr. Wilhelm, Schwanheim, Frankfurt-am-Main. 1886. Martens, Dr. Eduard von, C.M.Z.S., Paulstrasse, Berlin, N. W. O Nelson, William, Gandy Row, Crossgates, Leeds. 1889. Philippi, Dr. R. A., Director del Museo Nacional, Santiago, Chile. 1889. Sars, Prof. G. O., Universitet, Christiania, Norway. 1889. Simroth, Dr, Heinrich, Gohlis, Leipzig. 1885. 1899. 1895. 1886. 1897. 1899. 1895. 1886. 1897. 1807. 1886. 1897. 1897. 1899. 1899. 1897. 1895. 1897. 1899. 1897. 1895. 1884. 1897, 1896. 1879. 1893. 1900. 1899. I9OI. LIST OF MEMBERS. 3 ORDINARY MEMBERS. Adams, Lionel Ernest, B.A., 68, Wolverhampton Road, Stafford. Appleton, Thos. Alf., M.R.C.S., L.S.A., 46, Britannia Rd., Fulham, S.W. Arnold, Bernard, F.L.S., Milton Lodge, Gravesend. Baillie, William, Brora, near Golspie, Sutherlandshire. Baldwin, D. D., M.A., Haiker, Maui, Hawaiian Islands. Baldwin, Joseph W., Darwen Road, Dunscar, near Bolton. Barker, Reginald Hawksworth, Grosvenor Bank, Scarborough. Barnacle, Rev. H. Glanville, M.A., F.R.A.S., St. John’s College, Grimsargh, Preston. Barrett, Chas. Golding, F.E.S., Tremont, Peckham Rye, London, S.E. Beddome, Charles Edward, Hillgrove, near Hobart, Tasmania. Bendall, Wilfrid, 77, Baker Street, Portman Square, London, W. Blackburn, Rev. Ed. Percy, Hoyland, near Barnsley. Blackmore, Jas. Chanter, F.G.S., Falkirk, Chatley Road, Clifton, Bristol. Blackshaw, James C., 158, Penn Road, Wolverhampton. Bladen, W. Wells, Stone, Staffordshire. Blake, Wm. Charles, 2, Acacia Villas, Ross, Herefordshire. Bles, Edward J., B.Sc., Newnham Lea, Cambridge. Bliss, Joseph, Smyrna, Asia Minor. Blundell, Mrs. Jessie M., Argyll House, Cirencester. Bolton, Herbert, F.R.S.E., Museum, Bristol. Booth, George Albert, F.E.S., Fern Hill, Grange-over-Sands. Bostock, Edwin D., Tixall Lodge, Tixall, Stafford. Boycott, Arthur Edwin, The Grange, Hereford, Brass, John George, The Grove, Barnard Castle. Brazier, John, F.L.S., C.M.Z.S., Curacoa House, 82, Windmill Street, Sydney, N.S.W. Brierley, Mrs. H. G., Glen View, Gledholt, Huddersfield. Broadbent, Dr. G. H., 8, Ardwick Green, Manchester. Brooksbank, Hugh, M.B., B.C., B.A., College Road, Windermere. Browne, A. J. Jukes, F.G.S., Etruria, Kent’s Road, Torquay- 1897.Z Bullen, Rev. Robert Ashington, B.A., F.G.S., Axeland, Horley, Surrey. 1896. 1897. 1901. 1879. 1888. 189q1. 1893. 1878. 1901. 1892. 1895. 1887. 1889. 1897. 1898. 1886. 1901. Burgess, Wm. Valentine, 9, York Road, Chorlton-cum-Hardy. Burnup, Henry Clifden, Jesmond, Pietermaritzburg, Natal. Bury, Miss E. P. F., 77, Elm Park Mansions, Park Walk, Chelsea, S.W. Butterell, J. Darker, Manor House, Wansford, Hull. Byne, Loftus St. George, M.Sc., c/o W. G. Marshall, Esq., Morton Manor, near Taunton. Cairns, Robert, 159, Queen Street, Hurst, Ashton-under-Lyne. Carphin, Mrs. Janet, 7, Lockerbie Cottages, Liberton, Edinburgh. Cash, William, F.G.S., F.R.M.S., 35, Commercial Street, Halifax. Chadwick, William H., 63, Hornsey Rise, London, N. Champ, Hy., c/o S. & J. Watts & Co., Portland Street, Manchester. Chaster, George Wm., M.R.C.S., 42, Talbot Street, Southport. Chaytor, R. C., Scrafton Lodge, Middleham, Bedale, Yorkshire. Christy, Robert Miller, F.L.S., Pryors, Broomfield, nr. Chelmsford, Essex. Claremont, Dr. C. C., Millbrook House, Hampstead Road, London. Clifton, Francis R., 24, Park Street, Stoke Newington. Coates, Henry, F.R.S.E., Pitcullen House, Perth. Cockshott, W. A., 13, Tithebarn Street, Liverpool, 4 1880. 1895. 1898. 1897. 1892. 1895. 1899. 1890. 1886. 1896 1888. 1899. 1886. 1897. 1893. 1886. 1899. 1897. 1880. 1808. 1892. 1802. 1895. 1895. 1891. 1884. 1888. 1894. 1886. 1891. 1897. 1897. 1890. JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. I, JANUARY, I9OI. Collier, Edwd., Carlton House, Whalley Range, Manchester. Collier, Frank, Carlton House, Whalley Range, Manchester. Collinge, Walter Ed., F.Z.S., Mason College, Birmingham. Cook, Rev. Thomas, Whinwood, Westcliff Grove, Harrogate. Cooper, James Eddowes, 68, North Hill, London, N. Corker, Jas. S., 59, Darncombe Street, Moss Side, Manchester. Crampton, C. B., M.B., C.M., Geological Survey Offices, Sherriff Court Buildings, Edinburgh. Crawford, James, c/o J. C. Kemsley and Co., Port Elizabeth, Cape Colony. Crick, Walter D., Nine Springs, Cliftonville, Northampton. Crofton, Rev. Addison, M.A., Linton Court, Settle, Yorkshire. Crouch, Walter, F.Z.S., Grafton House, Wellesley Road, Wanstead, Essex. Crowther, J. E., Portland Street, Elland. DaCosta, Solomon J., 2, Craven Hill, London. Dacie, John Charles, 14, Montserrat Road, Putney, London, S.W. Daniel, A. T., M.A., Richmond Terrace, Shelton, Stoke-on-Trent. Darbishire, Robert D., Victoria Park, Manchester. Darnbrough, Frederick, Croft Villa, Eaglesliffe, Yarm-on-Tees. Dautzenberg, Ph., 213, Rue de I’ Université, Paris. Dawson, Oswald, Seacroft, Leeds ; and Albion Walk Chambers, Leeds. Dean, John D., 2, Clarendon Road, Whalley Range, Manchester. Dixon, James Bassett, Ribblesdale House, Preston. Eccles, John Christopher, 20, Winckley Square, Preston. Edwards, J. Sumner, 6, Woodland Grove, Chapeltown Road, Leeds. Edwards, Thos., Cliftonville House, Equity Rd., Narborough Rd, Leicester. Elgar, Hubert, 3, St. Michael’s Terrace, Fant Road, Maidstone, Kent. Elliot, Edward J., High Street, Stroud, Gloucestershire. Evans, Mrs. A., sen., Brimscombe Court, Thrupp, near Stroud. Evans, Wm., F.R.S.E., 184A, Morningside Park, Edinburgh. Eyre, Rev. W. L. W., M.A., Swarraton Rectory, Alresford, Hants. Farrer, Captain Wm. James, Chapel House, Bassenthwaite, Keswick. Farquhar, John, 3, Rose Terrace, African Str., Grahamstown, Cape Colony. Fielding, Clement, M.P.S., Clover Hill, Halifax, Yorkshire. Fierke, Frederick Wm., 73, Redbourne Street, Hull. 1884.Z Fitzgerald, Rev. H. Purefoy, Wellington College, Berks. 1886. 1808. 1892. 1895. 1889. 1887. 1808. Fitzgerald, Mrs. J., Kapai, Maidstone Road, Headcorn, Kent. Fitzsimons, J. B., M.D., 14, Owen Street, Hereford. Fulton, Hugh, 15, Station Parade, Kew Gardens. Gamble, Frederick Wm., D.Sc.(Vict.), The Owens College, Manchester. Gaskell, Roger, M.A., 5, The Grove, Highgate, London, N. Gerland, Conrad, M.Sc., Ph.D., F.C.S., etc., Meadow Bank, Accrington Glover, Miss Maria, 124, Manchester Road, Southport. 1886. Z Godlee, Theo., Whips Cross, Walthamstow, Essex. 1897. 1886. 1890. 1886. Godwin-Austen, Ey Hl, 1t.- Cols, o.\C. St, 0 hsG-S..) Paka G.ounmel Zana, F.R.S., Shalford Park, Guildford. Greene, Rev. Carleton, M.A., Great Barford Vicarage, St. Neots. Gude, G. K., 114, Adelaide Road, Hampstead, London, N. Gwatkin, Rev. Prof. H. M., M.A., LL.D., Brantham Rectory, Manningtree. 1897. 1895. 1895. 1895. 1887. 1897. 1889. 1887. 1891. 1887. 1888. 1896. 1887. 1895. 1895. 1893. 1886. 1886. 1891. 1884. 1892. 1886. 1895. 1886, 1891. 1901. 1894. 1888. 1889. 1897. 1897. 1897. 1887. 1900. 1889. 19OT. 1899. 1879. 1894. 1900. 1878, 1899. 1896. 1897. LIST OF MEMBERS. oes [iall, Thos. Bird, Larch Wood, Rock Ferry. Hann, Rev. Adam, 14, The Crescent, Gateshead. Hardy, John Ray, The Museum, Owens College, Manchester. Hardy, John, 11, Stockton Road, Chorlton-cum-Hardy, near Manchester. lfargreaves, J. A., 3, Ramshill Road, Scarborough, Yorkshire. Harrison, Miss G. M,, 14, Queen’s Road, Southport. Hartley, Alfred, 19, Thorpe Garth, Idle, near Bradford, Yorkshire. Harvard, T. Mawson, 23, Northbrook Road, Lee, London, S.E. Hawell, Rev. John, M.A., Vicarage, Ingleby Greenhow, Middlesborough. Heathcote, Wm. Henry, F.L.S., 47, Frenchwood Street, Preston. Heitland, Mrs. M., The Priory, Shrewsbury. Herdman, Prof. W. A., D.Sc., F.R.S., University College, Liverpool. Hey, Thomas, 8, Bloomfield Street, Derby. Hibbert, Charles R. C., Riccard’s Down, Abbotsham, Bideford. Hickson, Prof. Sydney J., D.Sc., M.A., F.R.S., The Owens College, Manchester. Hill, John, Little Eaton, near Derby. Hillman, Thomas Stanton, Eastgate Street, Lewes, Sussex. Holmes, W. J. O., F.L.S., Strumpshaw Hall, Norwich. Horsley, Rev. J. W., St. Peter’s Rectory, Walworth, London, S.E. Howell, George O., 210, Eglinton Road, Plumstead, Kent. Howorth, Sir Henry Hoyle, K.C.I.E., M.P., F.R.S., etc., 30, Collingham Gardens, London, S. W. Hoyle, W. E., M.A., M.Sc., M.R.C.S., F.R.S.E., Director of the Manchester Museum, Owens College, Manchester. Hudson, Rev. Hy. A., 1, Johnson Street, Cheetham, Manchester. James, John H., A.R.I.Cornwall, 3, Truro Vean Terrace, Truro. Jenner, James Herbert Augustus, F.E.S., 209, School Hill, Lewes. Johnson, W. H., 97, Rumford Street, Chorlton-on-Medlock, Manchester. Jones, Kenneth Ilurlstone, M.B., R.N., H.M.S. ‘* Waterwitch,” China Station, Shanghai. Jones, Wm. Jas., jun., 76, Mayes Road, Woodgreen, London, N. Jordan, H. K., F.G.S., The Knoll, Clytha Park, Newport, Monmouthshire. Kendig, Rev. Amos B., D.D., 86, Vernon Str., Brookline, Mass., U.S.A. Kennard, A. S., Berrenden, Mackenzie Road, Beckenham, Kent. Kenyon, Mrs. Agnes Fleming, 291, Highett St., Richmond, Melbourne, Victoria. Kew, H. Wallis, F.Z.S., 157, Ferme Park Road, Hornsey, N. Killingbeck, J. H., Garth, near Llangollen. Knight, Rev. G. A. Frank, M.A.,FreeChurch Manse, Auchterarder, Perthshire. Laidlaw, F. F., B.A., Owens College, Manchester. Lancaster, Ernest Le Cronier, R.A., M.B., B.Ch. (Oxon.), Winchester House, Swansea. Laver, Henry, M.R.C.S., F.L.S., Head Street, Colchester, Essex. Lawson, Peter, 11, The Broadway, Walham Green, London, S.W. Lebour, Miss M. V., Radcliffe House, Corbridge-on-Tyne. Leicester, Alfred, The Mount, Aston Clinton, Bucks. Lightfoot, Robert M., South African Museum, Cape Town. Linton, John, 25, Wordsworth Road, Smallheath, Birmingham. Lodder, Miss Mary, Lonah, Ulverstone, Tasmania. JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. I, JANUARY, 1901. Loydell, A., 36, Milton Road, Acton, London, W. Lucas, B. R., 3, Dyar Terrace, Winnington, Northwich. Lyons, Lady, Kilvrough, Parkmill, R.S.O., Glamorganshire. MacAndrew, James J., Lukesland, Ivy Bridge, Devonshire. McKean, Kenneth, F.L.S., Lloyds, London, E.C. McMurtrie, Rev. John, M.A., D.D., 13, Inverleith Place, Edinburgh. Madison, James, 167, Bradford Street, Birmingham. Mansel-Pleydell, J. C., B.A., F.L.S., F.G.S., D.T., Whatcombe, Dorset. Marquand, Ernest D., Belle Vue, Alderney. Marshall, J. T., Sevenoaks, Torquay, Devonshire. Masefield, John R. B., M.A., Rosehill, Cheadle, Staffordshire. Mason, G. Edward, 118, Stanford Place, Stanley Bridge, Fulham, S.W. Mason, Philip Brooke; J.P.) MoRI@:S\) HLs;, H.Z7s., dirente louse; Burton-on-Trent. May, William Lewis, F.R.S. Tasm., Forest Hill, Sandford, Tasmania. Mayfield, Arthur, Mendlesham, Stowmarket, Suffolk. Melvill, James Cosmo, M.A., F.L.S., Brook House, Prestwich, Manchester Middleton, Robert, Gledhow, near Leeds. Milne, J. Grafton, Holly House, Plaistow, London, E. Milnes, Rev. Herbert, M.A., Berkeley Villa, Berkeley St., Cheltenham. Mitchell, James, 240, Darnley Street, Pollokshields, Glasgow. Moorcock, J., 119, Arngask Road, Catford, London, S.E. Morris, Cecil Herbert, Lewes, Sussex. Morris, G. M., 18, Northen Grove, W. Didsbury, Manchester. Moss, William, F.C.A., 13, Milton Place, Ashton-under-Lyne. Neild, J. E., Gilda Brook Road, Eccles. Newstead, A. H. L., B.A., Rose Villa, Prospect Road, Snakes Lane, Woodford Green, Essex. Newton, Richard Bullen, F.G.S., 7, Melrose Gardens, West Kensington Park, London, W. Norman, Rev. (Canon) Allred) Merle, (D!Cjle. :R.St, Halnsemeter The Red House, Berkhampstead. Oldham, Charles, Alderley Edge, Cheshire. Orr, Hugh Lamont, 29, Garfield Street, Belfast. Overton, Harry, Ingleside, Clifton Road, Sutton Coldfield, Warwickshire. Pannell, Chas., jr., East Street, Haslemere. Parke, George H., F.L.S., F.G.S., St. John’s, Wakefield. Parry, Lieut.-Col. G. S., 18, Hyde Gardens, Eastbourne, Sussex. Partridge, F. J., 75, High Street, Barnstaple, N. Devon. Pearce, Rev. S. Spencer, M.A., Long Combe Vicarage, near Woodstock, Oxfordshire. Penrose, G., Curator of Royal Institution of Cornwall, Truro. Percival, A. Blayney, Somerset Court, Brent Knoll, Somerset. Phillips, Robert Albert, Ashburton, Cork. Ponsonby, John H.. F.Z.S., 15, Chesham Place, London, S. W. Poore, Arthur S., 47, Griffin Road, Plumstead, Kent. Powell, Mrs. A., Nant-y-Velin, Criccieth, N. Wales. Preston, Hugh Berthon, 3, Sydney Terrace, Fulham Road, London, S.W.- . LSomerville, Alexander, B.Sc., F.1..S.,4, Bute Mansions, Hillhead, Glasgow LIST OF MEMBERS. Vf Ragdale, John Rowland, The Beeches, Whitefield, near Manchester. Ramanan, Vedaraniam Venkata, B.A., 20, Sami Pillay Street, Triplicane, Madras. Reeve, Miss J., South Road, Saffron Walden, Essex. Rhodes, John, F.E.S.. 360, Blackburn Road, Accrington. Richards, C. P., Mission House, Stenalees, St. Austell, Cornwall. Roberts, A. William Rymer. Annesdale, Windermere. Roebuck, Wm. Denison, F.L.S., 259, Hyde Park Road, Leeds. Rogers, Thomas, 27, Oldham Road, Manchester. Roseburgh, John, Market Square, Galashiels. Rosevear, John Burman, 109, New King’s Rd., Fulham, London, S.W. Scharff, Robert F., Ph.D., B.Sc., M.R.I.A., Tudor House, Dundrum, Dublin. Schill, C. H., Broome House, Didsbury, near Manchester. Scott, Thomas, F.L.S., 3, Menzies Road, Torry, Aberdeen. Shackleford, Rev. Lewis John, 16, Pimlico Road, Clitheroe, Lancs. Shillito, John G., 20, Elmore Road, Sheffield. Sich, Alfred, F.E.S., Brentwood, 65, Barrowgate Rd., Chiswick, Middlesex. Sidebotham, Dr. E. J., Erlesdene, Bowdon, Cheshire. Skilton, Mrs. Mary. 21, London Road, Brentford, Middlesex. Smart, Rey. R. W. J., M.A., Parkham Rectory, Bideford, N. Devon. Smith, Edgar A., F.Z.S., Natural History Museum, S. Kensington, London, S. W. Smith, Mrs. Louisa J., Monmouth House, Monmouth St., Topsham, Exeter. .£Smith, Mrs. Lucy A., Cricklade Street, Cirencester. Smith, Wm. Chas., Vanston House, 7, Vanston Place, Walham Green, Fulham, London, S. W. Smith, Wm. Rayson, Harleston, Norfolk. Solly, E. H., 3, South Street, Deal, Kent. Somerville, Rev. James E., M.A., B.D., Castellar, Crieff, N.B. Sowerby, Geo. Brettingham, F.L.S., 15, Station Parade, Kew Gardens. Span, Bartlet, Woodlands, Tenby, South Wales. Sparkes, Thomas, 92, Heywood Street, Moss Side, Manchester. Stacey, John, 22, Nithdale Road, Plumstead. Standen, Robert, 113, Sewerby Street, Alexandra Park, Manchester. Stanley, Frederick, Rokeby, Edgar Road, Margate, Kent. Stirrup, Mark, F.G.S., High Thorn, Bowdon, Cheshire. Stonestreet, Rev. W. T., 12, Wellington St., Higher Broughton, Manchester. Storey, J. A., B.A., St. Joseph’s High School, Cardiff. Stracey, Bernard, M.B., Crichton Royal Institute, Dumfries. Stubbs, Arthur Goodwin, Staincliffe, Granville Road, Eastbourne. Stump, Edward Consterdine, 16, Herbert St., Moss Side, Manchester. Sturt, W. Neville, India Office, Westminster, London, S. W. Swanton, E. W., The Educational Museum, Haslemere. Sykes, Ernest Ruthven, B.A., 3, Gray’s Inn Place, Gray’s Inn, London. Sykes, Robert Dardsley, Lostock Hall, near Preston. Taylor, Frederick, 38, Landseer Street, Park Road, Oldham. Taylor, Rev. George W., F.R.S.Canada, F.Z.S., F.E.S., Gabriola Island, Nanaimo, British Columbia. Taylor, John W., F.L.S., North Grange. Horsforth, Leeds. 8 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. I, JANUARY, Igof. 1895. Thompson, Isaac C., F.L.S.. 53, Croxteth Road, Liverpool. 1886. Tomlin, J. R. Brockton, B.A., Stancliffe Hall, Derbyshire. 1896. Tregelles, George Fox, 5, Clarence Place, Barnstaple. 1897. Tripe, Linnzeus, Major-Gen., 3, Osborne Villas, Stoke, Devonport. 1897. Tulk-Heart, Eugene John, M.D., M.R.C.S., 4, Gloucester Place, Brighton. 1898. Turner, EF. Hartley, A.C.A., 21, Bairstow Street, Preston. 1880. Tye, G. Sherriff, 10, Richmond Road, Handsworth, Birmingham. 1899. Vaughan, J. Williams, J.P, The Skreen, Frwood, R.S.O., Radnorshire, S. Wales; winter address: Bryn-y-Mon, Tenby, S. Wales. 1897. Vignal, Louis, 28, Avenue Duquesne, Paris. 1898. Wakefield, H. Rowland, 7, Montpelier Terrace, Swansea. 1891. Walker, Bryant, 18, Moffat Building, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A. 1886. Watson, Rev. Robert Boog, LL.D., B.A., F.R.S.E., F.L.S., 11, Strath- earn Place, Edinburgh. 1909. Watson, Hugh, The Ridgeway, Haslemere, Surrey. 1900. Webb, Walter, F., Albion, New York, U.S.A. 1895. Webb, Wilfred Mark, F.Z.S., 7, Campbell Road, Hanwell, London, W. 1895. Welch, Robert John, 49, Lonsdale Street, Belfast. 1897. West, H. J., 80, Upland Road, Fast Dulwich, S.E. 1886. Whitwell, Wm., F.L.S., 4, Thurleigh Road, Balham, London, S.W. 1889. Williams, John M., 4, Exchange Alley, Liverpool. 1891. Williamson, Rev. Charles Arthur, M.A., 14, Upper Mount Street, Dublin. 1899. Wilson, Arthur Ernest, 228, Victoria Street, Grimsby. 1890, Wood, Albert, Midland Lodge, Sutton Coldfield, Warwickshire. 1901. Z Woodruffe- Peacock, Rev. E. A., F.L.S., F.G.S., Cadney, Brigg. 1898. Woods, Henry, M.A., F.G.S., St. John’s College, Cambridge. 1886. 2 Woocward, Bernard B., F.G.S., F.R.M.S., 120, The Grove, Ealing London, W. 1895. Wright, Charles East, Woodside, Rockingham Road, Kettering. Changes in Generic Names in the Pyramidellidz.—In the Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, ser.3, vol. 5, no, 1, 1898, I proposed the name Sf/ra- fina for the group typified by Montagu’s Zw7bo spiralis, and the name /ordanzella _ for Montagu’s 7zrbo néivosus. It appears that the name Sgzralina is preoccupied and that in the fishes there is a /ordanella, a name inconveniently similar to that 1 - proposed. Consequently a change being necessary I suggest Spcvalinella (type Turbo spiral?s ) for the former and _/ordanula (type Turbo nivosus) for the latter. The Mar- quis of Monterosato in a letter to me points out that Voemza de Folin cannot stand, as the name is preoccupied in the coleoptera. He suggests Oda as a generic title for Jeffreys’ Odostomia dolioliformis.—G. W. CHASTER. (Read before the Society, Dec. 12th, 1900). 9 LIST OF BRITISH MARINE MOLLUSCA & BRACHIOPODA, PREPARED BY A COMMITTEE OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY. As no list of British Marine Mollusca has been published for fourteen years, the undersigned were appointed a Committee to prepare a new one, incorporating the results of recent researches. The British area for this purpose has been taken as defined by the Rey. Canon Norman, with the addition of the Channel Islands (Az. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) vol. 5, p. 345, 454, 1890). In the matter of classification the Committee have not followed any individual system, but have endeavoured to adopt the most recent views of specialists in each department. The tenth edition of the “Systema Nature” of Linné has been taken as the starting-point of binomial nomenclature. Authorities for species which have since their creation been transferred to different genera are given in parentheses. Since Jeffreys’ “British Conchology” still necessarily forms the text- book of our collectors, it has been thought advisable in those cases where the name adopted in this list differs from that used by Jeffreys to give the latter in square brackets: thus— Pteria Scopolt [= Avicula. When a variety only, and not the typical form of the species, is British, the name of the latter is placed in parentheses: thus— (clavatus Po/7)). v. dumasi Payraudear. The names of a few species whose claims to be regarded as British are very doubtful have been placed in square brackets: thus— [islandicus AZil/er]. A number of varietal names, apparently based merely on monstrous, stunted, aborted or young specimens, have been omitted. The Committee have to acknowledge the kind assistance of the following gentlemen :—Messrs. W. H. Dall, J. T. Marshall, R. B. Newton, E. A. Smith, R. Standen, E. R. Sykes, B. B. Woodward, and the Rev. Canon A. M. Norman. ‘These gentlemen must not, how- ever, be held responsible for any of the shortcomings of the list. The Committee have found the amount of agreement between different authorities greater than had been anticipated, but there are still many questions on which the discrepancies of opinion have been irreconcilable, and in some cases the members of the Committee have not been able to arrive at an agreement. The Committee feel there- fore that the results of their efforts cannot be taken as in anyway final ; if, however, they have succeeded in producing a document which will be a help to students of conchology the object of their appointment will have been fulfilled. 10 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. I, JANUARY, IQoT. The Committee will be grateful for additions cr corrections, as they hope to issue a revised edition at no distant period. G. W. CHASTER, J. Cosmo MELVILL, G. A. FRANK KNIGHT, W. E. Hov_e (Secretary). The Owens College, Manchester. MOLLUSCA. AMPHINEURA. APLACOPHORA. CHATODERMATID-. Chztoderma Zovén. nitidulum Loveéz. NEOMENIID&. Neomenia Zidibere. carinata Zudlberg. 2 dalyelli (Aoren & Danielssen). 3 Rhopalomenia Simroth. aglaopheniz (Kovaleusky & 4 Marion). Myzomenia S7mroth. banyulensis (Przvo7). 5 POLY PLACOPHORA. CHITONID&. Lepidopleurus f7sso [= Chiton]. cancellatus (G. B. Sowerby). 6 scabridus (Jeffreys). 7 Hanleya Gray [= Chiton’. hanleyi (ea). 8 Tonicella P. P. Carpenter [= Chiton]. marmorea (/adbricius). 9 — ruber (Lowe). ine) v. oblonga Jeffreys. Callochiton Gray [= Chiton). levis (JZontagu). TI v. navicula Jeffreys. Craspedochilus Sazs [= Chiton] onyx (Spengler) [=cinereus]. 12 uv. rissoi Jeffreys. cinereus (Linné)[ = marginatus). 13 albus (Zz772). 14 Acanthochites 22sso0 [ = Chiton]. fascicularis (Lzz7é). 15 v. attenuata Jeffreys. v. gracilis Jeffreys. discrepans (row). 16 PELECYPODA. PROTOBRANCHIA: NUCULID&-. | Nucula Zamarck. sulcata Broun. nucleus (Zz77¢). 18 v. radiata Forbes & Hanley. v. tumidula Jeffreys. nitida G. B. Sozerdy. 19 v. turgida A/arshall. v. radiata Marshall. tumidula AZalm. 20 tenuis (AZontagu). 2 v. inflata Hancock. delphinodonta JZrghels. DD corbuloides Seguenza. ae cancellata Jeffreys. 24 Nuculana Zink [= Leda}. minuta (JZ7i//er). 25 v. brevirostris Jeffreys. tenuis (Philippi) [=pyemea]. 26 pusilla ( Jeffreys). 27 frigida (Zore//). 28 messanensis (Seguenza). 2 pustulosa (_/efreys). ~30 lenticula (AZo//er). 31 striolata (Arugnone). 32 lucida (Lovén). ae pusio (PAilippc ). 34 sericea (Jeffreys). 35 jeffreysi (A7/7dalgo). 36 subeequilatera (Jeffreys). 37 micrometrica (.Segwenza). 38 expansa ( Jeffreys). 39 insculpta ( Jeffreys). 40 [pernula (AZ7iller). 41 Malletia des Moulins. obtusa (AZ. Sa7s). 42 cuneata Jeffreys. 43 excisa (P/ulippi.) 44 LIST OF BRITISH MARINE MOLLUSCA AND BRACHIOPODA. Silicula /efrevs. fragilis Jeffrey's. FILIBRANCHIA. ANOMTACEA. ANOMIID-, Anomia Zinné. ephippium Lez. v. squamula Liven. v. aculeata AZiiller. patelliformis Zinné. uv. striata Lover. ARCACEA. ARCID&A. Limopsis Sassv. aurita (Brocch?). cristata Jeffreys. minuta (P/lipp7). Glycymeris da Costa 45 oy 4 47 [= Pectunculus |. glycymeris (Zznné). v. pilosa Lzzné. v. decussata 77207¢o072. v. nummaria 77zrto7. v. globosa Jeffreys. Barbatia Gray [= Arca]. lactea (Linné). [glacialis Gray. | Arca Linné. tetragona Pol. nodulosa Afiller. obliqua Philippi. Bathyarca Kobvelt [= Arca}. pectunculoides (Scacch). 7. septentrionalis Jeffreys. frielei ( Jeffreys). Pristigloma Dadl/ [= Glomus). nitens (Jeffreys). MV OUGACTEA.. MYTILIDA. Mytilus Lez. edulis Lzz7é. v. ungulata Lez. v. galloprovincialis Lamarck. v. pellucida Penzant. v. pallida Marshall. Modiolus Zamarck [= a/ytilus}. modiolus Zixné. v. ovala Jeffreys. v. wnbilicata Pennant. v. cylindrica Marshall. v. gigas Norman. barbatus (Lznvé). v. oblonga Jeffreys. v. depressa Marshall. 51 60 61 62 ith adriaticus (Lamarck). 63 v. ovalis Sowerby. phaseolinus (P/7/ppc). 64 Adula 4. & A. Adams. simpsoni (Marshall). (Myra) 66 Modiolaria Zeck. marmorata (fordes), costulata (/7sso). discors (Lz). v. angustior Jeffreys. v. semileevis Jeffreys. discrepans (Leach) [ =nigra]. Dacrydium Zore//. vitreum (A7Zo//er). Idas /effreys. argenteus /effrey's. Crenella Brown. thombea (Berkeley). decussata (A/ontagu). pellucida ( Jeffreys.) PSEUDOLAMELLI- BRANCHIA. PTERIIDé. Pteria Scopoli [= Avicula). hirundo (Linné). Pinna Zinné. fragilis Pennant [ =rudis}. OSTREIDZA. Ostrea Linné. edulis Lzze7é. v. parasitica Zuston. . hippopus Lamarck. . deformis Lamarck. . rutupina Jeffreys. v. tincta Jeffreys. cochlear Po/z. PECTINIDA. Pecten dZiller. maximus (Lzzné). Hinnites Defrance [= Pecten]. pusio (Lizzné). CuiaMys Bolten [= Pecten|. varius (Lizné). uv. purpurea Jeffreys. v. nivea AZacgzlhlivray. [islandicus (AZii//er). | sulcatus (AZii/er). HYALOPECTEN Verrill [ = Pecten). fragilis ( Jeffreys). 84 ZEQUIPECTEN Fischer [ = Pecten). opercularis (Zzzné). v. lineata da Costa. v. tumida Jeffreys. is 76 Q nN Q 85 12 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. 1, JANUARY, I901. Pecten—continued. v, elongata Jeffreys. v audouini Peyraudeau. PrepLuM Bucquoy, Dautsenberg = Dollfus [= Pecten]. (clavatus (Po/1)). v. septemradiatus AZ7i//er. v. alba Jeffreys. vy. dumasi Payraudeau [ = septem- radiatus var. |. PALLIOLUM Monterosato [ = Pecten). tigerinus (AZii/ler) [ =tierinus]. 87 v. costata Jeffreys. incomparabilis (2750) [ =teste].88 striatus (A7Ziiller). similis (Laskey). vitreus (Chemnitz). 56 groenlandicus G. B. Sowerby. 92 Amussium Zo/fen. hoskynsi (Forées). 93 LIMIDZ. Lima Arugutcre. elliptica Jeffreys. 94 subauriculata (JZondagu). 95 loscombi G. B. Sowerby. 96 hians (Gmelin). 97 wv. tenera 727ton, subovata Jeffreys. 98 Limea Brown [= Lima. sarsi (Lovér). 99 . KULAMELLIBRANCHIA. MORN STIL A CIBA, KELLIELLIDZA. Turtonia Hanley in Alder [= Cyamium). | 100} minuta (4udbricius). Kelliella 47, Sars. miliaris PAppe. ASTARTID&. Astarte /. Sowerby. sulcata (da Costa). v. paucicostata Jeffreys. v. scotica (Maton & Rachett). v. truncata Jeffreys. v. minor Jeffreys. v. trigona Jeffreys. v. fusca Jeffreys. v. multicostata Jeffreys. elliptica (Browz). compressa (JZontagu). v. globosa Moller. v. striata (Leach). nana Jeffreys. crenata (Gray). Iot 103 104 105 106 Goodallia Zurton [= Astarte]. triangularis (AZontagi). 107 ISOCARDIIDA. Isocardia Lamarck. humana (Zizné) [=cor]. 108 ARCTICIDA. Arctica Schumacher [= Cyprina). islandica (Zzzné). 109 7. crassior Jeffreys. LUCINIDZA. Loripes /o/z. lacteus (Lizné). 116) v7. desmaresti (Pay raudeau). Divaricella v. Wariens [= Loripes}. commutata (PAzippr ) [=dvaricatus|. Tt Lucina Brueutcre. spinifera (Montagu). 112 v. minor Jeffreys. borealis (Ziénné). i} v. depressa Jeffreys. v. gibba Jeffreys. Cryptodon Zwzton [= Aver]. flexuosus (AZontagu). 114 v. polygona Jeffreys. croulinensis ( Jeffreys. ) re ferruginosus (forbes). 116 cycladius (.S. V. Wood.) [=Xellia]. 117 granulosus Jeffreys [=orbiculatus]. 118 incrassatus (Jeffreys). 119 subovatus ( Jeffreys. ) 120 eumyarius (AZ, Sars.) Wei Montacuta Zurion. substriata (AZontagu). 22 uv. levis Jeffreys. bidentata (AZontagi). 128 v. tiangularis AZarshall. tumidula Jeffreys. 124 dawsoni Jeffreys. 125 donacina SS. V. lVood. 126 Tellimya Brown [= Montacuta|. ferruginosa (JZontagi). 127 v. oblonga Turton. v. ovata Marshall, Decipula /efreys. ovata (Jeffreys). Diplodonta Brown. rotundata (Montagu). LEPTONID&. Kellia Zurton. suborbicularis (Afontagu). 129 130 LIS! OF BRITISH MARINE v. lactea (Browz). Lasza Leach. rubra (Montagu). THT v. pallida Jeffreys. pumila (S. VY. Wood). 122) Lepton Zuwrfon. squamosum (JZontagu). 133 nitidum Zz7fon. 134 vy. convexa Alder v. lineolata Jeffreys. v. pisidialis Jeffreys. sykesi Chaster. 135 sulcatulum Jeffreys. 136 clarkize Clark. 137 obliquatum A7onterosato. 138 GALEOMMID£. Galeomma Turion. turtoni Broderip & Sowerby. 139 TELLINACEA. SCROBICULARIID. Syndosmya fécluz [= Scrobicularia]. prismatica (AZontagi). 140 nitida (AZzil/er), I41 v. ovata Jeff eys. alba (IVood). 142 v. radiata Lovén. v. curta Jeffreys. v. oblonga Marshall. tenuis (AZontagu.) 143 longicallus (Scacchi. ) 144 Scrobicularia Schumacher. plana (da Costa) [=piperata]. 145 Ervilia Zurton [=Amphidesma). castanea (JZontagu). 146 v. subtrigona Marshall. TELLINIDA. Gastrana Schumacher. fragilis (Lzzné). 147 Tellina Zzzné. balaustina Zznvé. 148 crassa (Gmelin). 149 v. albida Jeffreys. squalida Pu//feney. 150 donacina Linneé. 151 v. lantivy1 Payraudeau. v. distorta Jeffreys. pusilla Philipp. 152 [serrata Renzer]. 153 tenuis da Costa. 154 fabula Gronovius. 155 v. ovata Jeffreys. MOLLUSCA AND BRACHIOPODA,. 13 Macoma Leach [= Tellina]. balthica (Zzzné) [= v. attenuata]. 156 v. carnaria Pennant { =balthica). v. minor Jeffreys. vy. nivea Jeffreys. [calcarea (Chemnitz) |. 157 DONACIDA. Donax Zinné. vittatus (da Costa). 158 v. turgida Jeffreys. v. nilida Jeffreys. vy. truncata Marshall, v. cuneata Jarshall. v. albida Jarshall. variegatus( Gmelin) [ =polites}. MACTRIDA. Mactra Zine. stultorum Lznneé. v. cinerea Montagu. glauca Lorn. v. luteola Jeffreys. Spisula Gray [= Mactra). solida (Linne). v. truncata Montagu. gv. conjunctiva Jeffreys. elliptica (Browz). subtruncata (da Costa). v. striata Brown. v. ineequalis Jeffreys. v. tenuis Jeffreys. Lutraria Lamarck. elliptica Lamarck. v. alterutra Jeffreys. oblonga (Chemnitz). VENERACEA. VENERID&. Lucinopsis forbes & Hanley. 165 166 undata (Pennant). 167 v. ventrosa Jeffreys. v. sequalis Jeff; ey/s. Dosinia Scofoli [= Venus]. exoleta (Zinne). 168 lupina (Lzuné) [=Zincta]. 169 v. compta Loven. Meretrix Lamarck [= Venus]. chione (Zzn7é). 170 Venus Line. CLAUSINELLA Gray [= Venus]. fasciata (da Costa). I7I v. radiata Jeffreys. v. raricostata Jeffreys. VENTRICOLA Roemer [= Venus). casina Linneé. m2 14 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO, I, JANUARY, I9OI. Venus—continued. verrucosa Lanne. Timoc.Lea Leach [ = Venus). ovata Pennant. v. lutea Jeffreys. v. trigona Jeffreys. CHAMELEA Klein [= Venus). gallina Zznné. v. laminosa AZontacu. v. triangularis Jeffreys. v. gibba Jeffreys. v. alba Somerville. [mesodesma Quoy & Gaimard. | [mercenaria Linné] Tapes MMegerle von Miihifeld. aureus (Gmelin). v. quadrata Jeffreys. v. ovata Jeffreys. virgineus (Lzzé). v. sarniensis (777 f072). v. elongata Jeffreys. pullastra (AZontagu). v. perforans Montagu. v. ovata Jeffreys. v. oblonga Jeffreys. v. plagia Jeffreys. decussatus (Lizné), vy. quadrangula Jeffreys. Gouldia C. B. Adams [= Circe}. minima (JZontagu). 182 v. triangularis (A7ontagu). Irus Oken [= Venerupis). irus (Linné), PETRICOLIDZ. Petricola 2’ Orbieny. [pholadiformis Lamarck. | CARDIACEA. CARDIID-. Cardium Zinné. aculeatum Zzzné. v. depressa AZarshall. echinatum Lzzzé. v. expansa Jeffreys. v. ovata Jeffreys. tuberculatum Zinmné. v. suborbicula Marshall. papillosum Pod7. v. lactea Jeffreys. v. obliquata AZonterosato. exiguum Gmelin. v. subquadrata Jeffreys. fasciatum AZontagu. 190 v. globosa Jeffreys. v, alba Jeffreys. 173 174 175 181 183 184 186 nodosum Zw7rton. v. ovata Jeffreys. v. rosea Lamarck. edule Lenn. v. rustica Jeffreys. v. crenulata Lamarck. minimum Phileppz. 193 LAVICARDIUM Szvainson. [= Cardium)]. norvegicum (Sfpezgler). 194 v. gibba Jeffreys. v. rotunda Jeffreys. v. pallida Jeffreys. MVACEA, Psammobia Lamarck. tellinella Lamarck. v. gracilis Jeffreys. v. lactea Marshall. v. purpurea Marshall. costulata Zurton. ferroensis (Chemut¢z). v. elongata Jeffreys. v. pallida AZarshall. PsaMMOocoLa SAlatinville. [= Psammobia]. depressa Pennant [ =vespertina]. v. lactea Jeffreys. v. livida Jeffreys. MYIDZ. Mya Linné. arenaria Linné. v. lata J. Sowerby. truncata Line. Sphenia Zurton [= Ma}. binghami Zw7ton. Corbula Bruguzere. gibba (O77). v. rosea Browz. SOLENID-. Solecurtus A4/ainville. scopula ( Zrton) [=candidus]. v. oblonga Jeffreys. antiquatus (/Pu/feney). Pharus Leach [=Ceratisolen]. legumen (Zzxné). 205 Cultellus Schumacher [=Solen]. 1g! 192 195 196 G7) 198 204 pellucidus (Pennant). 206 Ensis Schumacher [ =Solen). ensis (Zzz7é). 207 siliqua (Lznmé). 208 v. arcuata Jeffreys. Solen Linné. vagina Linné, 209 LIST OF BRITISH MARINE MOLLUSCA AND BRACHIOPODA, SAXICAVID. Saxicavella P. /ischer [ = Panofpea]. plicata (AZontagi). 210 Panopea Ménard de la Groye. | =Sax7cava]. norvegica (.Spe7g/er’). Enel Saxicava Fleuriau Bellevue. rugosa (Lzv7é). arctica (Zz27é). vy. precisa Montagu. v. pholadis Lzzné. GASTROCHANID&. Gastrochena Sperg/er. dubia (Pennant). v. ovalis Jeffreys. PHOLADACEA. PHOLADID£. Pholas Zizné. dactylus ZLzzné. v. gracilis Jeffreys. Barnea Leach [=Pholas]. candida (Linné). parva (Pennant). v. quadrangula Jeffreys. Zirfeea Leach in Gray. crispata Lizné, Pholadidea Goodall. loscombiana Goodall [ =papyracea]. Xylophaga Zurion. dorsalis (Zwrto2). TEREDINID-. Teredo Linveé. norvegica Spengler. 221 navalis Zinneé. pedicellata Quatrefages. megotara Hazley. v. Striatior Jeffreys. v. mionota Jeffreys. v. subericola Jeffreys. malleolus Zzr/on. bipinnata Zurton. [fimbriata Jeffreys]. [cucullataWVormantnfeffreys]. 214 215 [excavata Lukis in Jeffreys]. 229 | bipartita Jeffreys]. 23C [spatha Jeffreys |. 22K | fusticulus Jeffreys]. 232 Martesia Leach. [striata (Zinné) |. 233 15 ANATINACEA. PANDORIDZ. Pandora Hwass. inzequivalvis (Zz77é). 234 v. tenuis Jeffreys. v. pinna Afontagu [=obtusa). LYONSIIDZ. Lyonsia Zwu7ton. norvegica (Chemni?/z). 235 v. elongata Gray. formosa Jeffreys. 236 argentea Jeffreys. 2 ANATINID&. Cochlodesma Couthouy [= Thracia). preetenue (Pulteney). 238 v curta Jeffreys. Thracia Leach. fragilis Pennant[—papyracea). 239 v. gracilis Jeffreys. v. villosiuscula Macgz/hvray. pubescens (Pu/teney). 240 convexa (IV. Wood). 241 distorta (AZontagi). 242 v. truncata 97 27to7. VERTICORDIIDz. Lyonsiella JZ. Sars [= Pecchiolia]. abyssicola (7. Sars.) 243 subquadrata (/effrey’s). 244 insculpta (Jeffreys). 245 gemma Verri/l. 246 SEPTIBRANCHIA. POROMYID£. Poromya fortes. eranulata (Vyst & Westendorp). 2 CUSPIDARIIDZ. 2 Cuspidaria Wardo (=Neera). abbreviata (/orées). 248 costellata (Deshayes). 249 v. lactea Jeffreys. cuspidata (O/v2). 250 v curta Jcffreys. v. cinerea Jeffreys. greeni £. A. Smith. 251 rostrata (Spengler). 252 lamellosa (AZ. Sars). 253 circinata ( Jeffreys). 254 striata ( Jeffreys). 255 subtorta (G. O. Sars). 256 16 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. I0, NO. I, JANUARY, 1901. SCAPHOPODA. DENTALIID-. Siphonodentalium J. Sars. vitreum JZ, Sars. Pulsellum Svoliczka [=Szphonodentaliune]. 45) (| lofotense (AZ, Sars). 258 v. affine AZ, Sars. Entalina Aonterosato. quinquangularis (Forbes). 250 Cadulus Prilippr. subfusiformis (JZ Sars). 260 jeffreysi (AZonterosato). 261 olivi (Scacch?). 262 cylindratus Jeffreys. 263 propinquus G. O. Sars. 264 Dentalium Zinné. entalis Zznné, 265 v. annulata Jeffreys. striolatum Stmpson 266 [ =abyssorum]). panormitanum Chemnitz. 267 capillosum Jeffreys. 268 agile AZ, Sars. 269 subterfissum Jeffrey's. 270 ensiculus Jeffreys. 271 vulgare da Costa [=tarentinum }. 272 candidum Jeffreys. Da GASTROPODA. PROSOBRANCHIA. ASPIDOBRANCHIA. DocoGLossa. PATELLID&. Patella Zznné. vulgata Lenné. 274 v. elevata Jeffreys. v. picta Jeffreys. v. intermedia Anapp. v. depressa Pennant. v. ceerulea Lizné. Patina Leach [= elcron). pellucida (Zzzzé). 275 v. levis Pennant. v. elongata Jeffreys. ACMAIDE-. Acmeea Lschscholts [= Tectura). testudinalis (JZii/ler). 276 v. alba Normaie. virginea (AZiil/er), 277 v. conica Jeffreys. v. lactea Jeffreys. LEPETID-. Lepeta Gray [= 7ectura]. ceca (Miller). fulva (AZiiller). v. albula Jeffreys. v. expansa Jeffreys. RHIPIDOGLOSSA. PLEUROTOMARIIDA. Scissurella 2’ Orbigny. crispata Fleming. v. paucicostata Jeffreys. FISSURELLIDA. Puncturella &. 7. Lowe. noachina (Lzvné). v. princeps Aighels G Adams. v. chasteri Jovan. Emarginula Lamarck. fissura (Lznné). v. subdepressa Jeffreys. v. elata Jeffreys. v. incurva Jeffreys. conica Schumacher [ =rosea}. crassa J. Sowerby. [elongata Cosza. | Fissurella Aruguitre. graeca (Linné). v. gibba Jeffreys. Propilidium /ordes & Hanley. ancyloide (Forbes). 2387 HALIOTID&. Haliotis Zinné. tuberculata Linné. TROCHID-A. Moelleria /efreys. [costulata AZ0/er. | Eumargarita Fischer. [= Trochus]. 278 78) 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 288 289 helicina (Fabricius). 290 v. fasciata Jeffreys. greenlandica (Chemnttz). 291 v. albida Jeffreys. v. dilatata Jeffreys. v. leevior Jeffreys. (olivacea (47072) = elaucus ). 292 (cinerea (Couthouy) ). 293 Solariella S. V. Wood (= Trochus] cincta (PAilippl) [=amabilis] 294 uv. atfinis Jeffreys. Gibbula Lisso [= Trochus.] magus (Lzzné). v. alba Jeffreys. wv. conica Marshall. 295 LIS’ OF BRITISH MARINE MOLLUSCA AND BRACHIOPODA. tumida (AZontagu). 296 vy. minor Marshall. cineraria (Zzné). 297 v. electissima Bean. wv. variegata Jeffreys. y. pallescens Duprey. umbilicata (Montagu). v. atro-purpurea Jeffreys. v. decorata Jeffreys. v. agathensis éc/uz. Monodonta Lamarck [=Trochus] crassa (Montfort) [=lneatus]. 299) Calliostoma Szwaznson [= Trochus]. montagui W. Wood. 300 striatum (Zz77é). 301 exasperatum (ennant). 302 v. pyramidata Jeffreys. miliare (Broccht ) [=millecranus]. 303] v. pyramidata Jeffreys. eranulatum (Lorn). 304 v. lactea Jeffreys. v. conoidea Jeffreys. zizyphinus (Linné). 305| v. lyonsi Leach. v. humilior Jeffreys. v. levigata J. Sowerby. v. granulifera Jeffreys. | v. elata Jeffreys. | tN Ne) C occidentale MWrghels. 306) suturale (Philippr). 307| Danilia Brusina. otaviana (Cantraine). 308 COCCULINID&. Cocculina Dal/. spinigera Jeffrey's. 300) corrugata Jeffreys. 310 CYCLOSTREMATID-. | Delphinoidea rown [= Cyclostrema]. cutleriana (C/lar). Qu nitens (Philippr). 312 v. levis Forbes & Hanley. serpuloides (AZontagu). 28 basistriata (Jeffrey's). 314 tenera Jeffrey's. as rugulosa Jeffreys. 316 levigata Jeffreys. ai} Ganesa /effreys [= Trochus}. nitidiuscula Jeffreys. 318 pruinosa Jeffrey's. 319 Circulus Jeffrey's [= Trochus]. 17 striatus (Philippr) [=duminyt |. TURBINID&-. Phasianella Lamarck. pullus (Zznné). v. oblonga Jeffreys. Leptothyra Dai. bourne Worman. PECTINIBRANCHTIA. T £NIOGLOSSA. PLATVPODA. LITTORINIDA. Cithna 4. Adams. tenella Jeffreys. Lacuna Zurton. crassior (JZontagi). divaricata (Fabricius). v. canalis Montagie. v. quadrifasciata Montagu. v. gracilior Metcal/e. parva (da Costa) [-=puteolus]. v. conica Jeffreys. v. auricularis (Afonfagi). v. lactea Jeffreys. v. clausa Jeffreys. v. expansa Jeffreys. pallidula (da Cosfa). v. neritoidea Goz/d. v. patula 7 horpe. v. albescens Jeffreys. v. naticiformis A/arshall. Littorina /érussac. obtusata (Linné) v. neritiformis 470272. v. ornata Jeffreys. v. fabalis 727to2. v. compacta Jeffreys. v. xestauril Jeffreys. neritoides (Lz). rudis (Jaton). v. saxatilis Johnston. v. sulcata Leach. v. jugosa Montagu. v. patula Thorpe. uv. globosa Jeffreys. v. tenebrosa JZontagu. U. Stee Seffreys. v. levis Jeffreys. v. compressa Jeffreys. littorea (Lznzé). v. paupercula Jeffreys. v. brevicula Jeffreys. RISSOIDZ. Rissoa /reminville. parva (da Costa). v. interrupta A dans. 320 G2 to ~I (es) bo (ee) 18 Rissoa —continued. v. exilis Jeffrey's. inconspicua Adder. v. ventrosa Jeffreys. vy. variegata v. Mohrenstern. albella Lovén. 334 v. sarsi Loven. violacea Desmarest. 335 v. ecostata Jeffreys. v. porifera Lovéi. (guerini Récluz [ =costulata)). 236 v. costulata Alder. Alvania 27sso [= Rissoa}. lactea (Michaud). 337 cancellata (da Coséa). 338 reticulata (AZontagi). 339 v. calathus Forbes & Hanley. v. cimicoides Forbes. v. minima Jeffreys. jeffreysi Wadler. 340 punctura (AZontagu). 341 v. diversa Jeffreys. (testee Avadas & Maggiore). 342 subsoluta (Avadas). 343 v. abyssicola (ores. Manzonia Arusina [= ¢ssoa). zetlandica (AZontagu). 344 costata (/. Adams). 345 Zippora Leach (= Risso]. membranacea (/. Adams) 346 [=membranacea v. elata). v. labiosa ALontagu [= membranacea]. v. minor Jeffreys. v. venusta Philippe. Onoba 7. & A. Adams [= Ressoa}. striata (J. ddams). 347 v. candida Brown. vy. aculeus Gould [=arclica]. Ceratia 7 & 4. Adams proxima Adder. 348 Hyala 7. & A. Adams [= Rissoa). vitrea (AZontagz2). 349 Setia 7. & A. Adams [= Rissoa). pulcherrima (_/effreys). 350 v. pellucida AZarshall. fulgida (7. Adams). 351 v. pallida Jeffreys. obtusa (Cantraine) [ =soluta]. 352 v. alderi Jeffreys. Cingula Fleming [= Rissoa). semistriata (AZontagu). asa v. pura Jeffreys, JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. I0, NO. I, JANUARY, I9O!. trifasciata J. Adams [=cingillus]. v. rupestris Forbes. Galeodina J/onterosato. 354 [=Rissoa]. carinata (da Costa) [ =striatula]. v. ecarinata MJonterosato. Barleeia Clark. rubra (JZontagu). v. unifasciata (AZontagu). v. pallida Jeffreys. ASSIMINEIDA. Assiminea Leach. grayana Leach. Paludinella Pfeffer. littorina (delle Chiaze). v. albida Jeffreys. Paludestrina @’ Ovbigny [= Aydrobia). stagnalis (Basterot) [ =ulve} v. albida Jeffreys. . barleei Jeffreys. , octona Lezzé. . tumida MWarshall. . minor Marshall. JEFFREYSIIDA. Jeffreysia Alder. diaphana (A/der). opalina Jeffreys. globularis Jeffreys. ADEORBID-. Adeorbis S. V. Iood. subcarinatus (J/ontagiu). imperspicuus A/onterosato. unisulcatus Chaster. SKENEIDA. Skenea /veming. planorbis (Fabricius). v. trochiformis Jeffreys. v. maculata Jeffreys. v. hyalina Jeffreys. Retrotortina C/aster. fuscata Chaster. HOMALOGYRIDZ&. Homalogyra Jeffreys. atomus (P/7lipp7). v. vitrea Jeffreys. v. polyzona Bruszna. rota (forbes & Hanley). tricarinata ( Webster). TRUNCATELLIDA. Truncatella 2esso. truncata (Montagu). Q aaa 859 356 357 358 592 367 368 369 370 37% LIST OF BRITISH MARINE MOLLUSCA AND BRACHIOPODA. CAPULID&. Capulus de Montfort. hungaricus (Lz7é). Calyptrea Lamarck. chinensis (L7zé). v. spirata Vardo. Crepidula Zamarck. [fornicata Linné. | CYPRAIDZ. Trivia Gray [= Cyprea}. europea (Montagu). v. minor J/onterosato. Ovula Aruguicre. SIMNIA L7sso [= Ovula]. | patula (Pennant). Erato isso [= Varginella). lzevis (Donovan). v. oblonga Jeffreys. NATICID&. Natica Adanson. Lunatia Gray [=Natica). pallida Broderip & Sowerby =erenlandica). sordida Phileppi. angulata Jeffreys. catena (da Costa). v. leckenbyi Marshall. v. conico-ovalis Jeffreys. alderi Forbes. v- lactea Jeffreys. v. subovalis Jeffreys. v. ventricosa Jeffreys. montagui Forbes [ = montacut?). 383 v. albula Jeffreys. v. conica Jeffreys. compacta Jeffreys. 384 nana JZiiller. 385 affinis Grueltn. 386 v. elatior AZoller. Amauropsis J/orch [= Natica). islandicus (Gmelzz). 387 LAMELLARIID&-, Lamellaria Montagu. perspicua (Linzé). v. lata Jeffreys. Velutina Meming. levigata (Pennant), v. candida Jeffreys. v. tenuis Jeffreys. Velutella Gray [= Velutina), flexilis(AZontagu){ =plicatélis]. 390 (ee) 38 389 19 IANTHINIDZA. Ianthina Bolzen. rotundata Leach}. 391 exigua Lamarck |. 392 [pallida Harvey]. 393 CERITHIIDA. Cerithium Adanson. procerum /effreys. 394 Bittium Gray [=Cerithium). reticulatum (da Costa). 395 v. simplex Jeffreys. v. lactescens Jeffreys. Triforis Deshayes [= Cerithium). perversa (Linné). 396 v. pallescens Jeffreys. | Newtoniella Cossmann. [ = Cerathzunc]. metula (Lovén). 397 Cerithiopsis /orbes & Hanley. tubercularis (AZontagi). 398 v. nana Jeffreys. uv. albescens AZarshall. v. acicula Brusina. sublenta Wood [=darleer]. 499 concatenata Cont: [ =pulchella]. 400 v. lactea Marshall. metaxee (delle Chiaje). 401 v. rugulosa Aozterosato. v. alba Marshall. costulata (AZo//er). 402 Lezocochlis Dunker & Metzger. granosa (S. V. Wood). 403 SCALIDZ. Scala Humphrey [=Scalaria). turtonis (Zurton). 404 clathrus (Linné) [ =communts). 405 trevelyana(Leachin Johnston). 406 clathratula (Adams). 407 longissima (Segwenza). 408 groenlandica (Chemnitéz). 409 commutata (Aonterosato) 410 [=pseudoscala,ts]. Cioniscus /effreys [=Aciis]. 411 albidus G. Adams [=unicus}. 412 Aclis Zovén. ascaris (Zurton). 413 minor Brown [=snpranitida], 414 gv. supranitida S. V.. Wood. walleri Jeffreys. ventrosa Jeffreys. 415 416 20 Pherusina Norman [= Aclis}. gulsonee (Clark). 417 v. tenuicula Jeffreys. Cima MVonterosato. minima Jeffreys. 418 SOLARIIDA. Solarium Lamarck. siculum Cantraine. 419 mediterraneum MZonterosato. 420 PYRAMIDELLIDZA. Odostomia Heming. lukisi Jeffreys. 421 conoidea (Broccht). 422 v. australis Jeffreys. umbilicaris (AZa/). 423 v. elongata Jeffreys. acuta Jeffreys. 424 v. umbilicata A/der-. v. gracilis Marshall. v. attenuata Marshall. conspicua A/der. 425 unidentata Forbes G& Hanley. 426 v. elata Jeffreys. turrita Hanley. 427 v. nana AZarshall. v. striolata Alder. plicata (AZontagu). 428 v. carinata AZarshall. Jordanula Chaster [= Odostomia, nivosa (AZontagz). truncatula ( Jeffreys). Liostomia G. O. Sars [= Odostomda]. 431 430 clavula (Lovéz). y. pistilliformis Brezenone. v. robusta Chaster. Brachystomia Jonterosato [= Odostomza). albella (Zovén). 432 v. subcylindrica Marshall, rissoides (/Zaz/ey). 433] zw. nitida Alder. v. glabrata Forbes & Hanley. v. exilis Jeffreys. ambigua (AZaton & Rackett) [=pallida]. 434 v. crassa Thompson. v. notata Jeffreys. v. angusta Jeffreys. electa (Jeffreys). 435 oblongula (Marshall). 436 v. ovata Marshall. fallax Monterosato [=suboblonea]. . } 437 DOLIELLA Monterosato. 429) JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. I, JANUARY, IQOT. nitens (Jeffreys). 438 /Ondina Folin [= Odostomia]. divisa (/. Adams) [=cnsculpta]. 439 v. tumida Jeffreys. v. leevissima Sa7s. diaphana ( Jeffreys). 440 v. inflata Marshall. obliqua (A/der). 441 warreni ( Zhampson). 442 wv. intermedia AZarsha/l. uv. zetlandica AZarshal/. Oda MWonterosato in Chaster [= Odostomza). dolioliformis (Jeffreys). 443 Pyrgulina 4. Adams [= Odostomia]. decussata (AZontagu). 444 clathrata (Jeffreys): 445 indistincta (JZontagu). 446 v. brevior Jeffreys. v. minima AVarshall. v7. simulans Chaster. interstincta (AZontagi) [=v. suturalis|. 447 v. terebellum Philippz. v. intermixta Monterosato. eximia ( Jeffreys.) 448 fenestrata (Forbes). 449 Spiralinella Chaster [= Odostomia]. spiralis (AZontagi). 450 Miralda 4. Adams {= Odostomia). excavata (P/ilippr). A51 /Pyrgostelis MZonterosato. [= Odostomza}. scalaris (Phzlippr). 452 v. rufescens Forbes. interrupta (Zotten) [=rufa v. fulvocincta). 453 v. rufa Philipp. v. crenata Browz. Turbonilla 27sso [= Odostomial. lactea (Lzn7é). 454 pusilla (PA7/7pp7). 455 v. cylindrata Afarshall. . minuscula A/arshall. . lactoides AZonterosato. . grossa Marshall. . nana Marshall. . gradata Mozterosato. . verticalis Aarshall. . delicata Monterosato. innovata AZonterosato [ =puszlla]. multilirata (AZonterosato). Z a (A. 3 Cie aexuaga a Q 456 457 LIST OF BRITISH MARINE MOLLUSCA AND BRACHIOPODA. Eulimella 0rées [= Odostomia]. scillae (Scacchz). 458 compactilis (Jeffreys). 459 commutata Monterosato 460 [=acrcula]. v. turris (Forbes). v. obeliscus Jeffreys. ventricosa (407¢es). A61 nitidissima (AZontagi). 46 EULIMID£.. Eulima 22sso. polita (Zzvné). 463 martyn-jordani Jordan. 464 ephamilla Watson. 465 solida Jeffreys. 466 curva Jeffreys. 467 intermedia Cantraine. 468 v. rubro-tincta Jeffreys. incurva (Revze7") [=déstorta]. 469 v. tumidosa JZarshall. stenostoma /ef/veys. 470 gracilis Forbes [=distorta v. gracilis), 471 Lerostraca 7. & A. Adams (=£ulina). glabra (Costa) ([=saubulata]. 472 bilineata (4/der). 473 Stilifer Bvoderip. stylifer (Zzrton). A474 v. oblonga Chaster. v. lactea Chaster. CACIDZ. Czecum Fleming. imperforatum (G. Adams) 475 [=trachea]. glabrum (JZontagi) 476 TURRITELLID&. Turritella Lamarck. communis Lamarck [=terebra). 477 v. nivea Jeffreys. v. gracilis Jeffreys. TRICHOTROPIDA. Trichotropis Broderip & Sowerby. borealis Broderip & Sowerby. . 478 v. acuminata Jeffreys. fimbriata Jeffreys. 479 densistriata Jeffreys. 480 Torellia Jeffreys vestita Jeffreys. 481 21 APORRHAIDZ&. Aporrhais da Costa. pes-pelecani (Linné). 482 v. albida Jeffreys. serresianus (A/ichaud). 483 v. macandrez Jeffreys. LOTORIID&. Lotorium de Montfort [ = Triton). nodiferum (Lamarck). 484 cutaceum (Li77é). 485 CASSIDID-. Cassidaria Lamarck. rugosa (Liz7¢). 486 echinophora (Liz). 487 FIETEROPODA. PTEROTRACHAID&. Carinaria Lamarck. mediterranea Péron & Lesueur. 488 STENOGLOSSA. RHACHIGLOSSA. BUCCINID&. Buccinum Linné. undatum Zznné. v. flexuosa Jeffreys. uv. littoralis Azzg. v. paupercula Jeff7eys. v. striata Pennant. v. pelagica Azie. v. zetlandica Forbes. humphreysianum Lenveié. v. lactea Jeffreys. v. ventricosa A7zezzer. Liomesus Stimpson [ = Buccinopsis|. dalei (/. Sowerby). wv. eburnea (Sazs). striatus Jeffreys. 492 Donovania Aucguoy, Dautzen- berg & Dollfus [= Lachesis). minima (A/onfagi). 493 v. pallescens Jeffreys. Neptunea Ao/fen [= Fusus). despecta (Zzn7é) [=antiques v. striata). antiqua (Zizné). v. alba Jeffreys. v. ventricosa Jeffreys. Volutopsis J/orch. norvegicus (Chemmitz). Beringius Dall [= Fusus). turtoni (ear). 489 490 491 494 495 496 AF) 22 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. Tritonofusus Beck [= Fusus]. islandicus (Chemnitz). gracilis (Costa). v. convoluta Jeffreys. v. belliana Jordan. v. coulsoni Jordan. turgidulus (/7zele). SIPHONORBIS JZorch propinquus (A/der). v. turrita Sazs. jeffreysianus (fischer) [ = bucctnatus|. attenuatus (Jeffreys). ebur (JZorch). fusiformis (Broderip) [ =/fenestratus]. FASCIOLARIIDé. Buccinofusus Covad. berniciensis (A772). v. elegans Jeffreys. v. inflata Jeffreys. TURBINELLIDA. Metzgeria JVorman. [alba Jeffreys. | MURICIDé-. Ocinebra Gray [= Murex}. erinacea (Line). v. tarentina Lamarck. v. tetragona S. V. Wood. v. melanostoma /efreys. corallina Scacché [=aciculatus]. v. badia Jeffreys. v. elongata MMozterosato. imbricata Brocchi. Pseudomurex Jonterosato. lamellosus (Cristofori & Jan). Trophon de Montfort. muricatus (AZontagi). v. lactea Jeffreys. uv. barvicensis /ohmstor. [clathratus (Zzz7é) |. v. truncata Strom. v. alba Jeffreys. v. scalaris Jeffreys. carinatus Jeffreys. Pnpure Brugutere. lapillus (Zzzé). v. imbricata Lamarck. v. major Jeffreys. v. minor Jeffreys. v. ovalis Jordan. v. elongata S. V. Wood. [Pi T= Fusus). 10, No. COLUMBELLID&. 498| Columbella Zamarck. Astyris #. & A. Adams. I, JANUARY, 1901. 499 rosacea Gould. 516 Anacuis “7. & A. Adams [= Columbella]. 5°°| halizeeti (Jeffreys). 517 Bon NASSIDZ. Nassa Lamarck. 502| reticulata (Zzzné). 518 v. nitida Jeffreys. 503) incrassata (S77072). 519 504 v. major Jeffreys. v. minor Jeffreys. 7. simulans Jeffreys. 5°5) pygmza (Lamarck). 520 TOXOGLOSSA. 506 CANCELLARIIDé. Admete J/0ller. couthouyi Jay [=viridula], 521 PLEUROTOMID£. Bela Leach [= Pleurotoma. 5°7) turricula (Montagu), 522 v. rosea AL. Sars. v. ecostata Norman. 5o8| _trevelyana ( Zurton). Ree pyramidalis (.S770772). 524 [cancellata (AZighels) |. BA v. declivis Lover. cinerea (AZo/ler). 526 5°9| tenuicostata (AZ. Sars). 5a ovalis (/viele) [=extgual. 528 510 bicarinata (Couthouy). 529 exarata (AZ@ol/er). 530 rufa (AZontagi). 531 v. lactea Jeffreys. 511 v. semicostata Jeffreys. v. ulideana Zhonpson. 52 v. cranchi Brown. v. angusta Jeffreys. v. ecostata Marshall. 513 v. prelonga Marshall. Typhlomangilia G. O. Sars. [= Pleurotoma). nivalis (Lovéz). 532 514| Spirotropis G. O. Sars [= Pleurotoma]. 515} modiola (C7ristofort & Jan) [=carinata]. 533 Drillia Gray. semicolon (S. V. Wood) [=galerita]. 534 LIST OF BRITISH MARINE MOLLUSCA AND BRACHIOPODA. 2 Haedropleura Sucguoy, Daut- senberg & Dollfus [= Pleurotoma). ecostata (da Costa) [=septangularis|. 535 Mangilia Risso [= Pleurotoma). striolata (Scacchi). 36 attenuata (JZontagu). 537 costata (Donovan). 538 wv. coarctata orbes & Hanley. rugulosa (Philippr). 539 brachystoma (P/i/ipp7). 540 nebula (AZonzagi). 541 v. laevigata Philippe | =levigata wv. minor |. v. vittata Morman [=/levigata]. v. lactea Jeffreys. v. elongata Jeffrey's. Thesbia /effreys [=Columbella]. nana (Lovén). 542 Pleurotomella Verril/. packardi ( Ver77//). 543 Teres Bucguoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus (= Defrancia). anceps (Zichzald) [=teres] 544 Bellardiella ?. /ischer | = Defrancia). gracilis (AZontagi). 545 Clathurella Carpenter [ = Defrancia). (leufroyi (AZtchaud)). v7. boothi Brown [=/eufroyt]. v. carnosula Jeffreys. linearis (JZontagi). v. intermedia Forbes & Hanley [=cequalts]. reticulata Reve. 548 v. asperrima forbes & Hanley [=/formosa]. Hag) 546 547 purpurea (J/ontagu). v. philberti AZzchaud. v. la vies Phelippi | =oblonga). OPISTHOBRANCHIA. TECTIBRANCHIA. BULLACEA. ACTAONID&. Actzon de Montfort. tornatilis (L272). v. subulata S. V. Wood. v. tenella Lover. 2. bulleeformis Jeffreys. exilis Jeffrey's. Dae Oo TORNATINIDA. Tornatina 4. Adams [= Utriculus & Cylichna). mammillata (PAilippt). Bae truncatula (Bruguiére). 553 v, pellucida (Browz). obtusa (Montagu). 554 v7. lajonkaireana (4astevoZ). @. semistriata Jeffers. nitidula (Lovén). 555 umbilicata (AZonfagu). 556 v. strigella Lovez. ovata ( Jeffreys) [=umbilicata v. conulus). 557 Diaphana Brown [= Vtriculus}. ventrosa (Jeffreys). 558 expansa ( Jeffreys). 559 hyalina ( Zwrton). 560 quadrata MJonterosato. 561 globosa (Lovén). 562 SCAPHANDRIDA. Scaphander de Montfort. lignarius (Zznné). 563 v. alba Jeffreys. wv. curta Jeffreys. punctostriatus (AZZg/e/s) [=lbrarius|. 564 Volvulella Mewdon [=Cylichna). acuminata (Lruguzere). 565 Bullinella Newson [= Cylichna, cylindracea (Pennant). 566 zv. linearis /ef/7eys. alba (470wn). Cryptaxis /effreys. crebripunctatus Jeffreys. BULLIDZ. Haminza Leach [= Bulia). hydatis Line. v, globosa Jeffreys. Roxania Leach [= &ulia}. utriculus Brocche. v. oblonga Jeffreys. semileevis Segwenza. Acera Jiiller. bullata AZiiller. v. nana Jeffreys. v. farrani Loran. PHILINIDA. Philine Ascanius. scabra (AZiiller), v. circa ALarshall. catena (AZontagiz), 567 568 569 5/2 571 5/2 SS) 2/4 24 Philine—-continued. v. zona feffreys. angulata Jeffreys. 575 v. circumlustra ALarshall. quadrata (S. I lVood). 576 punctata (C7/ark). So v7. cingulata AZarshall. pruinosa (C/ark). 578 a. dilatata Jeffrey's. nitida Jeffreys. 579 aperta (Lzn70). 580 v, patula Jeffreys. LIMACINID-A. Limacina Cuvier [ = Spivialts]. retroversa (H/eming). 581 7. macandrece Forbes & Hanley. | ‘(bulimoides (@’Orbigny)]. 582 helicoides Jeffreys. 583 CAVOLINIIDE. Peracle /ovves. diversa AZonterosato. 584 Clio Zinne. | pyramidata Linvé. 585! Cavolinia 4d7/deaard. trispinosa (Lesweur). 586 A PLYVSIACBA. APLYSIIDZA. Aplysia Zine. punctata Cuvier. 587 depilans (Lzvné). 588 PNEUMODERMATID&. Dexiobranchza Boas. paucidens Goas. 589 CLIONIDZ Gray. Clione Padias. limacina Phipps. 5yo PLEUROBRANCHACEA. PLEUROBRANCHIDZ. Pleurobranchus Cuvier. plumula (AZontagi). 591 a. alba AZarshall. Oscanius Leach [ = Fleurobranchus). membranaceus (Montagu). 592 RUNCINIDA. Runcina forbes. coronata (Quatrefages) [ =hancockt). 593 NUDIBRANCHIA. ASCOGLOSSA. HERMAZIDA., Hermza Loven. bifida (Afontagu). 504 JOURNAL Of CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. 1, JANUARY, I1gol. dendritica (Alder & Hancock). 595 Stiliger Zhrendberg. bellulus 2’ Oréigny. 596 Alderia 4/man. modesta Lozén. 597 ELYSIIDA. Elysia /esso. viridis (Montagu). 598 v. Olivacea Jeffreys. LIMAPONTIIDA. Limapontia Johnson. capitata (Miller) [=zzgrva]. 599 depressa Alder & Hancock. 600 Acteonia Quatrefages. corrugata Alder & Flancock. 601 Cenia Alder & Hancock. [=Acteonia], cocksi (Alder & Hancock). 602 KLADOHEPATICA. EOLIDID-A. Folis Cuvier. papillosa (Zznné). 603 fHolidella Bergh [= Zolis}. glauca (Alder & Hancock). 604 alderi (Cocks). 605 sanguinea (Vorman). 606 Berghia 777nchese. cerulescens Guérin AZéneville. 607 Cuthona 4 Wer & Hancock (= Zolis) nana Alder & Hancock. 608 aurantia Alder G Hancock. 609 Cratena Bergh [= Zolis}. pustulata (4/der & Hancock). 610 amoena (Alder & Hancock). 611 viridis (Forbes). 612 wv. arenicola (//07 Ves). zv. glottensis (Alder & Hancock). olivacea (Alder & Hancock). 613 concinna (Alder & Hancock ).614 peachi (Alder & Hancock). 615 stipata (Alder & Hancock). 616 couchi (Cocks). 617 paradoxa (Quatrefages) [=aneulata]. 618 northumbrica (4 /der & Hancock) 619 Tergipes 4/der& Hancock | = Eolts| despectus (Johnston). 620 LIST OF BRIFISH MARINE MOLLUSCA AND BRACHIOPODA. 25 Embletonia Alder & & Hancock. | pulchra (Alder & ~ Hancock). 621 minima (forbes & Goodstr). 622 2 pallida (Alder & BLLaOae 623 , grayi Kez. Amphorina Quatrefages fe -Eolis). molios (Herdman). 624 ceerulea ( Montagu), 625 Galvina Alder & Hancock (= Elis) cingulata Alder & Hancock. 626 d. Hiei Alder & Hancock. picta Alder & Hancock. 627 tricolor (407 bes). 628 exigua (Alder & Hancock). 629 Coryphella Gray |= £olts). rufibranchialis (Johnston). 630) lineata (Zovén). 631 landsburgi (d/der & eee: Favorinus Gray [= 20h]. | DENDRONOTID&-. Dendronotus 4ider & Hancock. frondosus (A scanius) [=arborescens] 651 SCYLLAIDZ. Scyllza Zine. pelagica Linne. PLEUROPHYLLIDIIDZ. Pleurophyllidia A/eckel. lovent Bergh. TRITONIIDZ. 652 653 | Tritonia Cuvier. hombergi Czwvzer. CANDIELLA Gray [=77ritonda]. 654 alba Alder & Hancock. 655 plebeia Johnston. 656 lineata Alder & Hancock. 657 FHIOLOHEPATICA. DORIDID-. O32) Archidoris Bergh [= ors]. tuberculata (Cwz'zer). 658 albus (Alder & Ffancock). 633 carneus (Alder & Hancock). 634 Facelina Alder & Hancock |= ous] coronata Forbes & Goodstr. 635) drummondi Thompson. 636 punctata (Alder & Hancock). 637 elegans Alder & Hancock. 638 Calma Alder & Hancock l= Eolis| glaucoides Alder & Hancock. 639 Fiona Hancock & Embleton. marina (Forskal) [=nobilis]. 640 Antiopa Alder & Hancock. cristata (delle Chiaze). 641 hyalina Alder & Hancock. 642 Proctonotus d/der & Hancock. mucroniferus (4 /der & Hancock) 643 Hero Lovéz. formosa (Lovév). 644 LOMANOTID&A. Lomanotus Vérany. genel Vérany [=marmoratus, 645 flavidus, portlandicus|. DOTONID-. Doto Oken. fragilis (Forbes). 646 pinnatifida (Montagu). 647 coronata (Gmelin). 648 cuspidata Alder & Hancock. Hancockia Gosse. 649 eudactylota Gosse. 650 flammea (Alder & Hancock).659 Rostanga Bergh [= 2o72s}. coccinea (Alder & Hancock).660 Aldisa Bergh [= Dore). zetlandica (Alder & Hancock). 661 millegrana (A/der & Hancock). 662 Cadlina Bergh [= Doris]. obvelata (ariller) [=repanda]. 663 Jorunna Bergh |= Dos), johnstoni (Alder & ~ Hancock). 664 Platydoris Bergh [= Dore}. testudinaria (2’sso). 665 POLYCERID-. fe gires Loven [=F girus). punctilucens (@’Ordigny). 666 Triopa /ohuston. clavigera (A/iiller). 667 Crimora Alder & Hancock. papillata Alder & Hancock. 668 Thecacera Meming. pennigera (Montagu). 669 virescens Alder & Hancock. 670 capitata Alder & Hancock. 67% Palio Gray |= Polyera). lessoni (a’ O7 ‘bigny). 672 v. ocellata Alder & Hancock. Polycera Cuwvzer. quadrilineata (Miller). 673 26 Acanthodoris Gray [= 20775} pilosa (A@iiller). 674 subquadrata (Alder & Hancock) [ =quadrangulata]. 675 Adalaria Bergh [= Dos]. proxima (Alder & Hancock). 676 loveni (Alder & Hancock). 677 Lamellidoris 4/der & Hancock [ = Doris]. aspera Alder & Hancock. 678 bilamellata (Zz77é). 679 muricata (JZiiller). 680 diaphana Alder & Hancock. 681 sparsa Alder & Hancock. 682 depressa Alder & Hancock. 683 inconspicua Alder & Hancock. 684 pusilla Alder & Hancock. 685 ulideana (Thompson). 686 maculata Garstang. 687 oblonga Alder & Hancock. 688 Goniodoris /o7, 34). eee Exhibits. By Mr. Thos. Rogers: Two drawers of Japanese land shells and one of marine shells, from Port Jackson. By Prof. S. J. Hickson: A series of nidamental capsules, embryonic, and adult shells of the gigantic Semzfusus proboscediferus Lam., from Torres Straits (Haddon Coll.). By Messrs. J. T. Marshall and J. Simpson : Adzla s¢mpsonz (Marshall), dredged in forty-five fathoms, east of the Orkneys. By Mr. J. Ray Hardy: A case of Australian Ostvea, and Ovula (Neosimnza) uneplicata Sow. in sttu on Gorgonia, from West Columbia. By Mr. Fred. Taylor: A series of mollusca, collected at Wicken Fen, and Physa heterostvopha Say, from canal at Guidebridge and Droylsden. By Mr. C. E. Wright: Amphzpeplea ghitinosa Miill., living, from Deal. By Mr. J. C. Melvill: Pleurotomarta beyrichi Hilg., Voluta festiva Lam., V. aulica var., Mitra fergusont Lam., AZ. tde Mely., M. gigantea Sow., M. belcheri Hinds, Conus clytospira Melv. & Stand., Cyprea guttata Gray, Trivia galapagensis Melv., 7. fusca Gray, 7. californica Gray, and T. sanguinea Gray, from various localities. By the Rev. L. J. Shackleford: A collection of Australian Volutidee, including : V. exoptanda Sow., V. giintheri ¥. A. Smith, V. kreuslere Ang., V turnert Gray, V. marmorata Swns., V. elliott Sow., V. reticulata Lam., V. norrist Gray, etc., and some exceptionally fine examples of V. filgetrum Sow., V. undulata Lam., V. vexillum Lam., V. fisiformis Swn., and V. impertalis Lam. By Mr. Thos. Edwards: Varieties of Plerocera lambis L., from Singapore. By Mr. Wm. Blake: Species ‘of Aehatina and Limicolaria, from Ocilonda, Central Africa. By Mr. J. D. Dean: A collection of marine shells from the coast of North Wales, chiefly Barmouth and Penmaenmawr. By Mr. J. M. Williams: A number of rare and beautiful varieties of Cyprzea, including C. ¢zgv7s var. badionitens, C. arabica var. nigra, C. lynx var. caledonica, C. caurica var. obscura, C. stolida var. crosset, C. cribraria vax. exmouthensis, C. moneta var. barthelemyt, C. mauritiana var. calyx-equina, and colour-varieties of C. mappa, C. pantherina, C. onyx, C. picta, and C. caput-serpentis. By Mr. E. R. Sykes: Cons cedo-nulli Wein. By Mr. G. W. Chaster : Szccinea oblonga, from several Irish localities, L2mnea tnvoluta, sinistral Helix nemoralis, collected alive at Bundoran, Helix lapicida var. alba from Matlock, and some remarkable forms of Limuca peregra, Viviparus vivi- parus, and ‘‘ repaired ” Helix nemoralis. By Mr. J. Hill: Szccenea putris and Limnea stagnalis from Derby, Helix aspersa var. exalbida, and a series of varieties of Z. 222rxl/s trom Mablethorpe. PROCEEDINGS : OCTOBER 27, I1900.—ANNUAL REPORT. 31 By Mr. Edward Collier: Swccenea oblonga var. arenaria from Enniskillen and shore of Lough Erne ; Helix nemoralis vars. major, minor, voscozonata, and citrino- sonata from county Sligo. ; By Mr. J. Linton: A series of Limnea peregra and L. auricularia, shewing intermediate stages between the two forms, collected during several successive years from one pond ; also varietal forms of Zzmn@a stagnalis. By Mr. L. St. G. Byne: An exceptionally fine set of Cyprwa lurida, dredged alive off Palermo. By Mr. G. B. Sowerby: Voluta junonta Ch., V. elongata Swns., V. sophie Gray, and V. pulchra Sow., all especially fine ; Conus ammiralis L., C. aicht- thalassus Dill., C. aurestacus L., C. nobilis L., Cyprea umbilicata Sow., C. sulcidentata, Gray, Murex marcoensis Sow., Buccinum striatissimum Sow., Chry- sodomus intersculptus Sow., Stiphonaha pfeiffert Sow., Pecten swifti Bern., and many other rare and interesting species. By Mr. W. H. Heathcote: Leptoconchus cuviert, L. peront, L. cumingt, L. L. lamarcki, L. vobillardi, and L. striatus; Coralliophila madreporarum, Acera tenuzs and A. soluta; Dolabella gigas and D. rumphit; Rhodea gigantea ; Pusio- nella rapulum ; and Tectura fragilis. By Mr. R. Standen: Latéaxis mawe Gray ; varieties of Strombus urceus L. ; British species of Scal/aria, from many localities. The collection of Tenby and Gloucester land and freshwater mollusca, presented to the Society by Mr. A. G. Stubbs. By Mr. R. Cairns: A large series of Cypr@a mappa, illustrating variation in basal coloration, and many fine varieties of other species of Cyprea and 77tvia. By the Manchester Museum: (a), a beautiful specimen of Plewrotomarta adan- soniana Crosse & Fischer, obtained by Surgeon Colonel S. Archer in Barbados, and recently presented to the Museum. This is the fifth specimen known to exist of this magnificent species ; (c), the animal of Plewrotomaria beyricht Hilg. (in spirit) ; (dz), a fine set of land and freshwater shells from Tanganyika, Central Africa ; (e), specimens of pumice stones found floating and cast up on Mauritius, in 1885, sup- posed to have come from Krakatoa: during the long ocean voyages they have become covered with shells of Spondylus, Ostrea multtradiata, Perna tmbricata, Meleagrina ala-perdicis, etc., in all stages of growth; (/), a large collection of marine mollusca from Denman’s Island, Vancouver, and British Columbia ; (¢), two drawers of rare bivalves from China, Philippines, and Australia ; (1), Scalaria magnifica Sow. and Rostellaria powist Pet., a fine pair of each; and the collections of Glandina, Ennea, Streptaxis, Cochlostyla, Nanina, Helix, Bulimus, etc. 3 (2), cast of a limestone slab, showing tracks of a Cephalopod (Aeanchotewthis) in the Berlin Museum. * ANNUAL REPORT, 1899-1900. THE Council have to report that the past year has been one of great activity in the society’s work. Fifteen new members have joined the Society since the last annual meeting, but the Council have also to report four resignations and two deaths, hence the total number of members is now 263 as against 254 last year. Of these ten are honorary and the rest ordinary members. The list of honorary members remains unchanged. It is with deep regret that the Council have to report the deaths of two valued members of the Society: Sir Rawson William Rawson and Mr. Edgar Leopold Layard, accounts of whose lives will be found in the pages of the Journal. 32 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. I, JANUARY, I9QOI. There have been nine meetings since the last annual meeting at Stafford. As the Treasurer’s Report shows, the adverse balance is materially diminished owing to the generosity of many of the members, so that the Society is in a better financial position than it was last year. The monthly meetings held at the Manchester Museum have been on the whole well attended, and the number of papers, notes, and exhibits show no sign of decreasing. As usual, no meetings of the Society were held in July and August. On October 22nd, 1898, the Council appointed a Committee, consisting of the following gentlemen:—Mr. J. Cosmo Melvill, Rev. G. A. Frank Knight, Dr. Chaster, and the Secretary, to draw up a revised list of British marine mollusca. They have now pleasure in reporting that the list is nearly completed and will probably appear in the January number of the Journal. At the suggestion of Mr. A. E. Boycott, the Council have appointed a Com- mittee, consisting of Messrs. J. R. B. Masefield, F. Taylor, and R. J. Welch, with Mr. A. E. Boycott as Secretary and Convener, to consider and, as far as practicable, to carry out collective investigation into the phenomena connected with the varia- tion and life-history of land and freshwater mollusca. Four numbers of the Journal have been published during the current year, con- taining 138 pages and one portrait. This completes the ninth volume of the Journal and the second since it was transferred to the Society. To meet the wish expressed by some members, a much fuller index than that in the previous volume has been appended to this one, and it is hoped that the increased utility will justify the extra cost. During the past year the Society’s Cabinet has been indebted to Mr. J. Bliss and Mr. A. G. Stubbs for donations. In addition to the usual periodicals the Society’s: Library has been enriched by contributions from members of the Society and others, among whom may be mentioned :—Messrs. G. W. Chaster, W. H. Dall, G. K. Gude, A. S. Kennard, W. Kobelt, J. Cosmo Melvill, R. Standen, A. G. Stubbs, E. R. Sykes, Bryant Walker, W. F. Webb, W. M. Webb, and B. B. Woodward. The Curator has given considerable assistance during the past year to members in the way of naming specimens for them, but the Council think it necessary once more to draw attention to the fact that such work forms no part of the Curator’s official duties. Members may be assured that every care is taken of specimens sent by them to the Manchester Museum for comparison or identification, but neither the members of the Museum staff nor the officers of the Society can be held responsible in case of accident. The Curator would suggest that, to facilitate this work and diminish the risk of accident, members should in forwarding shells to be named, confine themselves to species belonging to one family only at a ‘time, and pack each species in a separate box, or at all events in a separate paper. In this form they can usually be dealt with at once, and the delay and risk consequent upon the handling of a large miscellaneous consignment thereby avoided. TREASURER’S REPORT. The Balance Sheet for the year 1896 will be found printed in the April number of the Journal for this year (vol. 9, p. 314). In bringing forward the interim Balance Sheet for the present year, the Council are pleased to be able to state that the adverse balance shown in last year’s report has, owing to the generosity of various members, entirely disappeared, and the Treasurer is enabled at the present moment to show a balance in hand of 413 4s. 5d. PROCEEDINGS : NOVEMBER 14, 1900. 33 In response to the special appeal sent out in February last, a sum of £41 13s. 6d. has been received by the Treasurer, and the Council takes this opportunity of thank- ing the members for the efforts made in improving the financial position of the Society, which is now on a better footing than ever. Funds are, however, still much needed for purposes of illustration, and any help from members for this purpose will be welcome. Under the heading of ‘‘ Sale of Publications,” there is included a sum received from the London publishers, amounting to £24 16s. tod. for copies of the Journal sold from January. 1896, to March, 1900. The third and last payment of 410 for the purchase-money of the stock of back numbers of the Journal having been paid, this item of expense will no longer appear in the accounts. The amount received by the Librarian for the sale of back numbers has been only £1 14s. od. The cost of printing the October number of the Journal, viz., £15 12s. 6d., has yet to be paid, as well as Reprints, etc., £6 13s. 3d. These items will more than absorb the balance now in the Treasurer’s hands. The interim Balance Sheet. made up to October 25th. 1900, is appended as follows :— INTERIM BALANCE SHEET to Oct. 25th, 1900. Receipts. pames nrc Expenditure. Le sed. Subscriptions ae oo «SL IO © | Buenos due to Ikemsmer co F S Oo Advertisements ss .. 2 0 0] Room for Annual Meeting at Sale of Publications ... 530 BO RL Stafford, t899__... soo Lt HO © Donation... ado ... I 4 6] Third Payment to Mr. pe 10 0 90 Special Donations... Pele mom mlatessr: Saige Dene eye Additions to Taran. 6ne5, 3 Reprints es 4 711 Stationery 4 611 Six numbers of Secnaved of Conchology, from April, 1899, to July, 1900 cae VAL AT ht Editor’s and Secretary’s Ex- penses... Fe 0 | 1) O Treasurer’s Bepaees: oo WG Balance in hand... co) 11 NG £125 19 7 £125 19 7 Subscriptions Unpaid for 1900 306 46 Ios. od. Arrears = £8 15s. od. .. say £4 os. od. 294th Meeting, November 14th, 1900. Mr. Thomas Rogers in the chair. Donations to the Library announced and thanks voted : Land and Freshwater Shells of Tenby, by A. G. Stubbs ; Spinning molluscs, by TH. Wallis Kew ; Glycogen of Snails and Slugs, by Chas. Creighton; Descriptions of new species of Japanese Land Shells (two pamphlets); New species of Plectopy/zs, from Tonkin, by G. K. Gude; List of Slugs and Snails at Sutton Coldfield, by Albert Wood (from the respective authors); and the usual periodicals received in exchange. Donations to the Cabinet announced and thanks voted : A fine series of Zimnea peregra and L. aurtcularta taken near Lichfield, and Cc 34 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. 2, APRIL, I9OTI. showing intermediate stages between the two, presented by Mr. John Linton ; Pa/w- destrina jenkinst Smith and var. carinafa, from Shropshire Union Canal, Beeston Castle, collected Sept. 17th, 1900; also some unusually large specimens of var. carinata, from Sandbach, Cheshire, collected in September last ; also Spherium pallidum, adult and young, from Trent and Mersey Canal, Sandbach ; Helix fusca from Swettenham ; Hel?x caperata, H. fusca, and Pisidium pustllum, from Beeston Castle, Cheshire, presented by Mr. Charles Oldham. Election of Members. Rev. E. A. Woodruffe-Peacock, F.L.S., F.G.S., Cadney, Brigg. Mr. G. Penrose, Curator of Royal Institution of Cornwall, Truro. Mr. A. J. Jukes Browne, F.G.S., Etruria, Kent’s Road, Torquay. Mr. F. Fortescue Laidlaw, B.A., The Owens College, Manchester. Candidate Proposed for Membership. Mr. William Henry Chadwick. Papers Read. “© On the Spreading of Physa heterostiopha Say in Lancashire and Cheshire,” by Mr. B. R. Lucas. “© Paludestrina jenkinst (Smith) in Lancashire and Cheshire,” by Mr. Charles Oldham. ‘¢ Notes on Colonies of Snails at high altitudes in Derbyshire,” and ‘‘ Notes on Helix cantiana as food for the Turdide,” by the Rev. R. Ashington Bullen. Exhibits. By Mr. W. Moss: Aydocystis elephas, Cyclophorus semiseulpta, and other land shells from Ipoh, Perak. By Mr. F. Taylor: Glandina trincata in very fine condition, from Tampa, Florida ; Bythinia tentaculata and Laludestrina jenkinst, each in its youngest stages, for comparison with a shell he has recently discovered occurring abundantly in one of the canals near Manchester, and believed to be new to the British fauna. By Mr. B. R. Lucas: Pal/udestrina zenkinst from Sandbach and Physa hetero- stropha Say from the localities given in his paper. By the Rev. R. A. Bullen: Specimens of Helicidz and Hyalinia alliaria from the Peak district of Derbyshire to illustrate his notes. By Mr. Thos. Edwards: He/i.x pomatza, sinistral, and Bucctnum undatum, dex- tral and sinistral examples with similar well pronounced carination of the whorls, from Thanet coast. By Mr. R. Standen: A series of Cancellara, recently presented to the Man- chester Museum, with good examples of the various sub-genera. On the spreading of Physa heterostropha in Lancashire and Cheshire.— This species seems to have been with us for some time, but until recently has been overlooked. For my part I have several of its shells in my collection labelled ‘‘PAysa (2)? of which I had taken no further notice until Isaw Mr. F Taylor’s collection from Guide Bridge. I then looked up my specimens and find the following distri- bution for it. Shropshire Union Canal (Chester), canal at Gorton, canal at Droylesden, Trent and Mersey Canal, Sandbach. These finds date from end of 1897 to 1906, and constitute, I believe, a record both for Lancashire and Cheshire.—B. R Lucas, (Read before the Society, November 14th, 1900. CONCHOLOGY AT THE DAWN AND CLOSE OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. (The Presidential Address delivered at the Annual Meeting, Oct. 27th, 1900). Bye 1, IR, WIKIES, 18hvel, * At the close of the nineteenth century there arises a not unnatural feeling of enquiry as to the state of our favourite science, and one considers with a vivid interest the progress which has been made in various branches during the past hundred years. While many coun- tries were in the year 1800 totally unknown from a malacological point of view, now we are in most cases able to form some general idea of their fauna. Our knowledge of the sea below the shore-line, again, has been obtained almost entirely during the past fifty years, and even now we are but on the threshold of the wonders of the deep ocean. Anatomical investigation, with a steadily increasing mass of material to work upon, has made progress; but the ideal classification, based as it must be on a combination of malacological and conchological characters, is yet to seek. The dawn of the century, like its close, was a time of wars and rumours of wars, but with this difference, that while then war was taking place in Europe, now it is in distant lands, and the adverse influence on malacology is not so strong. _ In an address of the present nature it is impossible to survey the entire field of molluscan work, and therefore 1t becomes necessary to select a few special points to consider as a means of estimating our progress and forming a comparison. Let us consider on the one hand the student in the year 1800, and on the other the worker of to-day ; let us compare their relative advantages and disadvantages. In the former case his text-book must have been the first edition of Martini and Chemnitz’ ‘‘Conchylien-Cabinet” ; also he would study the works of Linnzeus, Gmelin, Rumphius, Bruguiére, Miiller, etc. ; hardly any of Lamarck’s or Cuvier’s writings had yet appeared; collec- tions were far fewer than at the present time, and correspondence with other workers was slow and costly; further, the. pursuit of shell- collecting demanded a far longer purse than at the present time. We who can buy land shells from the interior of countries such as Borneo, Japan, etc., for a few pence, find it hard to realize that in 1786, at the Duchess of Portland’s sale, Acavus hemastomus for example, which even then must have been fairly well known, fetched the price of 43 33-, and Anostoma ringens £8 18s. 6d., compared with which a ‘“‘wentletrap” for £7 7s. and Conus aurisiacus for £18 7s. 6d. must be considered cheap. 36 JOURNAL Of CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO, 2, APRIL, 1901. One striking feature of the dawn of the present century is the pre- eminence of the French workers; save for the interesting though eccentric work of Poli, hardly a single author of that period who has left a great impression on malacology in general was a native of any other country. Cuvier, who published in 1798 his first system, which he devoted thirty years to improving, then divided the mollusca into Céphalopodes, Gastéropodes, and Acéphales. The Gastropods were again divided into those with and without shells; the former group being also sub-divided into five sections, according to the form of the shell and the characters of the aperture. The Pelecypods, included in which we still find Ascidians, Brachiopods, and Cirripeds, were also sub-divided by the presence or absence of a shell and foot. Lamarck in 1799, without apparently a full knowledge of Cuvier’s work, gave to the world his first classification, which in 1801 he re- issued with vast improvements and alterations. Practically all of the genera, for example, proposed by him stand in use at the present day. In 1800 Férussac issued his first classificatory paper, shortly to be followed by many other important works. Passing by Bose and Draparnaud, we come to Montfort, whose work is rated to-day far higher than in the middle of the century, when he was described as the “Baron Miinchausen of conchologists.” From 1815 onwards we have to thank Blainville for much good work. In our country the study of the British mollusca proved far more attractive than the larger and broader work of classification ; such writers as Montagu, Donovan, Maton and Rackett, Pennant, Turton, etc., being specially noteworthy; but ere Gray’s arrangement of the mollusea in 1821, but little general work was done, the most important books of the time published in England being the Sowerbys’ “‘Genera,” Wood’s * Index Testaceologicus,” and Perry’s “ Conchology.” Subsequently the amount of fresh material which came to hand, specially through the researches of Cuming, caused a shifting of the conchological centre of gravity,and just before the middle of the century the work of Reeve, Sowerby, etc., caused this country to hold a place in the first rank. Germany, through Pfeiffer, Kuster, etc., then comes to the fore. As ameans of shewing the development of our favourite study, we may consider for a few minutes the origin and growth of specialist societies and periodicals. An early attempt to found a society in London, specially devoted to the study of the mollusca, under the title of ‘‘ Malacological and Conchological Society” was made by Sowerby in 1838 with his “‘ Malacological and Conchological Magazine”; he, however, was somewhat in advance of his times, and the periodical met an early death, only two numbers appearing, Apart from an attempt by SYKES: CONCHOLOGY A’? DAWN AND CLOSE OF NINETEENTH CENTURY. 37 Guérin-Méneville, no other specialist periodical was published till the “ Zeitschrift fiir Malakozoologie” was issued by Menke in 1844, which, with a change of title to ‘‘Malakozoologische Blatter” in 1854, survived until r891. In 1850, the most celebrated of all conchological periodicals, the ‘Journal de Conchyliologie,” due to Petit, was issued ; it has survived for fifty years, and is we trust still in its youth, the fears that the lamented death of Crosse might cause it to cease having happily been dissipated. Strobel, in 1853 and 1854, published two volumes under the title of “Giornale di Malacologia.” In 1863 the Société Royale Malacologique de Belgique was founded, and its “Annales” have regularly appeared. The “American Journal of Conchology,” containing many valuable papers, was issued from 1865 to 1872. The impulse given to the study in Germany by the “Zeitschrift” led in 1868 to the foundation of the ‘“‘ Malakozoo- logische Gesellschaft,” and its ‘‘ Nachrichtsblatt” has ever since appeared, supplemented from 1874 to 1887 by the ‘‘Jahrbicher.” In Italy the ‘‘ Bullettino Malacologico Italiano” ran from 1868 to 1875, followed by the “ Bullettino della Societa Malacologica Italiana,” which still appears. Our own Journal dates from 1874. In 1883 there was founded the ‘Société Malacologique de France,” whose founders appear to have considered that a proper course was “‘ d’élever au rang spécifique toute forme se distimguant de ses voisines au moins par trois caracteres, et de rejeter, 2 celui de variété, toute autre séparée par un nombre inférieur de signes différentiels.” They appear to have lost sight of the fact that zoology is not a series of mathematical prob- lems, and that a difference which may in some genera be very important in others will prove of no value. Sculpture on a Helicoid land shell, for instance, is usually of specific value, while on a Melanian it will vary greatly. Pease, again, stated that the colour- pattern on a Nudibranch was often of generic value, while in other groups it may not even bea specific character. The “Bulletins” ran from 1884 to 1891. In 1886 Mr. Averill commenced his “Concho- logists’ Exchange,” which ceased in 1888, and was succeeded in 1889 by the “‘ Nautilus,” conducted by Mr. Pilsbry, the only monthly mol- luscan periodical now existing. Mention amongst societies may be made of the “American Association of Conchologists,” which has no separate periodical. In 1891 the “ Conchologist” was founded, its title being changed to the “Journal of Malacology ” in 1894 ; and in 1893 Sowerby’s hope of over fifty years before was fulfilled, and the Malacological Society of London was founded and commenced to issue its “ Proceedings.” One curious feature of almost all societies and journals may be pointed out, namely, that whatever their original plan may be, they drift into giving more attention to recent than to fossil molluscs, 38 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. 2, APRIL, IQOI. Possibly this may be due to the fact that paleeontologists usually devote themselves to one special formation alone, and therefore a general support is not forthcoming. As another comparative test we may note that at the commence- ment of the century only about forty or fifty new species were described every year; whereas to-day we have to record something like two hundred new genera or sub-genera (recent and fossil) and nearly one thousand living species. At the present day generic monographs abound, good faunistic works are numerous ; societies such as ours are found in many coun- tries, and periodicals devoted to our special study vie with one another in giving to the world the latest discoveries. Conchology has ceased to be the pastime of the rich, and has become the study of those whose purses could not in bygone days reach the price of speci- mens. Exchange of duplicates has, owing probably in a large measure to cheaper rates of carriage, become systematized and largely deve- loped ; although, of course, some form of it must have taken place in bygone days, the earliest ‘‘exchange list” that I have seen is one distributed by Menke to accompany his well known “ Synopsis” of 1828. It was in manuscript, and entitled ‘‘Catalogus testarum mol- luscorum que supervacanze prostant apud Car. Theod. Menke, M.D.” It contained the names of 207 Gastropods and 58 Pelecypods ; all the land and freshwater shells being European. Still, this very abundance of literature has to us its disadvantages ; almost every shell which has been known for more than, say, ten years has its synonymy ; authors with insufficient material and a zeal for “‘species-making” have crowded and overburdened our lists with a mass of names for indistinguishable forms and varieties. At the pre- sent time no one probably would maintain that, for instance, the European Xerophila, or the North American Unionide, consist of nearly as many species as there are admitted names, and one of the most serious tasks which will le before the students of the coming century will be to reduce chaos in these and many other groups to something resembling order. The rules of nomenclature, also, though obeyed in theory, are broken in practice by many leading workers again and again. In our own experience as students of British shells we find that in the same lists some of Da Costa’s names are used, others not; one great diffi- culty being that while these rules most carefully provide that binomial nomenclature is to be used, they throw no light on the question as to: whether an author is to be recognized who is partly binomial and partly non-binomial in the same volume or series of volumes. The relations between the Tertiary, Post-Tertiary, and recent faunas of the British Islands form a problem upon which much light is SYKES : CONCHOLOGY AT DAWN AND CLOSE OF NINETEENTH CENTURY. 39 needed ; at present there is but little certainty as to how far back the actual species of our marine fauna may be traced, the views of Jeffreys and Searles Wood, the only two authors who in this country have given special attention to the question, being in direct conflict. Another problem which lies still before us, and needs far more know- ledge than we at present possess for its solution, is as to the effect of surroundings upon molluscan life in the production of marked and persistent variations. ‘Take for example some of the 4chaténel/e which are found as commonly sinistral as dextral. The cause of this is yet to seek; it has been, however, suggested that sinistral specimens of Melantho are due to crowding in the embryonic stages. Again, how can we explain the occurrence in one particular locality of specimens of Buccinum undatum having two, and even three, opercula? There is, therefore, no lack of questions which invite study from the worker of the present day. Looking back, we realize that the past hundred years have been times in which descriptive work has flourished ; often it is to be feared at the expense of accuracy and deeper research. The advances made in our knowledge of anatomy bear no comparison to the study of the shell’; much, too, is it to be regretted that the zeal of authors for the describing of novelties has again and again caused them to rush into print without a sufficiently careful study of the works of their prede- cessors, and their successors will have no light task before them. The close of the nineteenth century is, to use a commercial expres- sion, a time to “ take stock,” and to consider what progress has been made. It is with one of these forms of estimating our present position that I propose for a few minutes to concern myself, and specially with an endeavour to arrive at some idea ot the actual number of species of recent mollusca which are now known to science. Any such estt- mate can but be approximate, but a survey of the most recent monographs enables one to form a fairly accurate conception. The classic starting-point for such a calculation, as indeed for all other systematic molluscan work, is the tenth edition of Linnzeus’ ““Systema Nature.” His “Vermes Testacea” number 703, but he includes Sesfu/a and other non-molluscan genera, while his “‘Vermes Mollusca,” of which, again, only a portion are really molluscs, are 69. Roughly speaking, therefore, the known species of mollusca at this date were about 7oo. After this the steady influx of newly-described species gradually increases the number nearly every year ; Muller, for example, in 1773, admits 398 land and freshwater forms. Steadily the exploration of new countries added to the catalogues, and Dillwyn in 1 Mr. M. F. Woodward :“‘ I can only impress on all collectors abroad the desirability of pre- serving the animals as well as the shells, not merely of their new finds, but of the commonest forms, hardly any of which are properly known.” 40 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. 2, APRIL, 190%. 1817 was enabled to enumerate 2,244;' which we may divide into Cephalopoda, 45; Gastropoda, 1,510; Scaphopoda, 15; Pelecypoda, 638 ; Polyplacophora, 36. It may, perhaps, be of interest to note the genera with the numbers admitted in each :—Cvuton, 36; Pholas, 11 ; Mya, 38; Tellina, 81; Cardium, 46; Mactra, 38; Donax, 21 ; Venus, 113; Spondylus, 3; Chama, 25; Arca, 45; Ostrea, 83; Anomta, 30 ; Mytilus, 48; Pinna, 20; Argonauta, 9 ; Nautilus, 36 ; Conus, 160 ; Cyprea, 70; Bulla, 60; Voluta, 188; Buccinum, 158; Strombus, 43; Murex, 164; Trochus, 128; Turbo, 163; Helix, 191 ; Nerita, 65 ; Flaliotis, 17 ; Patella, 103; Dentalium, 15; Teredo, 4. Attention may be called to the large proportion of marine as com- pared with land forms, and to the fact that over sixty years had only resulted in the addition of 1,500 species to the lists. After this date systematic and descriptive work continued with increased energy, and within forty years the number had become swollen by over 15,000. The brothers Adams’ (1853-1858) in their classic work admitted the following :—Octopoda, 66 ; Decapoda, 125; Polypoda, 6; Pteropods, 75; Lectinibranchiata, 5,954; Scutibranchiata, 1,634; Chitons, 216 ; Tectibranchiata, 319; Nudibranchiata, 311; Heteropoda, 70; Lnoper- culata, 3,756; Operculata, 850; Pholadacea, 418; Veneracea, 1,883; Luctnacea, 1,236; Pectinacea, 721. Applying the same principles to these totals we arrive at :—Cephadlo- poda, 197; Gastropoda, 12,604; Scaphopoda, 46; Pelecypoda, 4,258; Polyplacophora, 216. It should, however, be borne in mind that many of their names were, and even now are, zomina nuda. Treating Paetel’s well-known work (1888-1890) in the same way we get :—Cephalopoda,305 ; Pteropoda, 119; Heteropoda, 65 ; Gastropoda, 34,950 ; Scaphopoda, 137; Polyplacophora, 439; Pelecypoda, 8,467. Dividing them in the generally recognized manner, we arrive at :— Cephalopoda, 305; Gastropoda, 35,134; Scaphopoda, 137 ; Pelecypoda, 8,467 ; Polyplacophora, 439; or a total of 44,482 species. ‘The next question with which we are confronted is to determine what addenda we should make for the period which has elapsed since this work was compiled, so as to bring the totals up-to-date for the close of the year 1goo. Dealing firstly with the Ceshalopoda, the most complete recent cata- logue is that of Hoyle in 1886, with his addenda included, so as to bring the list to the close of 1896. From these we get a total of 469. From the Zoological Records of 1897-9, we add eleven, and, on an average, we may include four for 1900; we therefore estimate the known Cephalopoda at 484. Next, turning to the Gastropoda, the most recent catalogue of the Cyclophoride, Cyclostomatide, and allies, namely that of Kobelt and 1 All the following figures are arrived at by actual enumeration SYKES : CONCHOLOGY AT DAWN AND CLOSE OF NINETEENTH CENTURY. 41 Meellendorff, yields about 2,445 species, and if we add forty-eight species from the Zoological Record of 1899, and estimate a similar number for the year 1900, we get 2,541. The other Gastropoda as listed by Paetel are 33,084 in number. From the Zoological Record we get (omitting Cyclophoride, etc., as above mentioned) :— MBOO |||. Sones MOO 5p ee HbaGhC iat 1889 (aver. eae UOOOW) oe Hoy] WSQOR ps. 2 WOO eet cs ox 7/40 HOON |) sen bop ALG) TOO OMe son, GIS MOQe lid: eo 1899 710 HOR" Le SEN BRIO 1900 Giese MRO WOON Ym: He OOK “7,396 Therefore, estimating in this manner, we arrive at a total of 43,021 Gastropoda. As to the Scaphopods, the most recent monograph, by Pilsbry and Sharp, yields 238 species ; if we add the single one in the Record of 1899 and another for 1900, we have 240 species. For the Pelecypoda we have, from Paetel, 8,467. The Zoological Record yields :— HOO tle PATO HS OTN Wes Wt LAG TIO eee SBrlien us WOO OM mer bog LE MOOR | se: on Oe TIC) ace sag DBR TOA se op fOr Igoo (aver. of 3 yrs.) 142 MOOG N ine eae tine 7 1896 SSMS 2 1e5e The grand cota then becomes 9,523. Finally, we turn to the Amphineura. Here from Mr. Pilsbry’s work we get: Polyplacophora, 540; Afplacophora, 33. Adding from the Zoological Record in a precisely similar manner we have to include Polyplacophora, 59; Aplacophora, 4; and we get a final total of 636. The next question which arises is, how far are the above totals trust- worthy? On the one hand they are inflated by a mass of synonyms which still masquerade as species, while on the other hand they are reduced by a certain number of omissions. ‘The only omission of any importance, however, will, I think, be found in the Wudibranchiata, ot which the true total is, owing to the nature of the works consulted, unduly curtailed. Making a reduction, therefore, for synonyms and allowing for the above, I think a very fair approximation will be :— Cephalopoda, 450; Gastropoda, 40,000 ; Scaphopoda, 220; FPelecy- poda, 8,500; Amphineura, 600; or a grand total of 49,770—say 50,000 known species of recent mollusca. When we consider that the known forms at the beginning of the century were probably under 2,000, we get some faint idea of the 42 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. 2, APRIL, IQO!. enormous amount of descriptive work—good, bad, and indifferent— which has been done. ‘Turning, in conclusion, for a moment from the level, but laborious, path of enumeration to the thorny track of prophecy, let us endeavour to form some conception of the direction that descriptive work will take and where the fields lie from which the most important additions will be made. For some period yet the ever-increasing exploration of islands and continents may well be expected to swell the catalogues of land-shells to the neglect of those of marine mollusca ; then, gradually, as new discoveries in this branch become more difficult, collectors may turn back to the ocean, and explore deeper and with more facility by means which are ever- improving, so that the abyssal fauna, which at present is almost entirely unknown, will yield its vast results to swell the total, and, by the close of the twentieth century, that which we consider to be an enormous mass of known forms will seem to our followers but a mere atom in the sum of human knowledge. Paludestrina jenkinsi (Smith) in Cheshire. —I have recently taken this species in three different localities in Cheshire, and have little doubt that, if looked for, it will be found in others. As the shell has now established itself in the canals of Staffordshire, Lancashire, and Cheshire, its dispersal will probably be accelerated, and we may reasonably expect that ere long it will become common throughout the country. On September 17th I collected about fifty examples on E/odea canadensis in the Shropshire Union Canal near Beeston Castle Station, and on the following day found the shell in hundreds on this plant in the Trent and Mersey Canal near Sandbach. On September 25th I obtained two dead shells from a short branch of the Peak Forest Canal, a few yards from the Cheshire bank of the River Tame at Dukinfield. Living examples were collected by Mr. F. Taylor at this locality a few days later. At Beeston Castle the type and the var. carzzata occurred in about equal numbers, but at Sandbach nearly all the shells were referable to the variety, the carination varying in degree, and being very pronounced in some cases. The two Dukinfield shells were typical. Most, if not all, of the mature shells at Beeston Castle and Sandbach contained large numbers of fry ready for exclusion. —CHAS. OLDHAM, October 15th, 1900. (Read before the Soctety, November 14h, 1900). Helix arbustorum at a high altitude.—I found He/ix arbustorum on the summit of the Hasliberg Gummen, 7,147 feet above sea-level. It would be in- teresting if Alpine climbers would note the greatest heights at which they find any molluscs.—J. W. HorsLry, St. Peter’s Rectory, Walworth, July 28th, 1900. (Read before the Society, Sept. 12th, 1900). LONDON BRANCH.—Annual Report. Since our last report fourteen meetings have been held, half of which were field meetings. The Rev. J. W. Horsley, Messrs. J. C. Dacie, P. Lawson, and J. Moorcock have kindly allowed us to hold meetings at their houses during the past year. Our thanks are also due to Mr. Devine, of Clayesmore, for entertaining a party of our members on May 19th. Arrangements have been made for holding the winter meetings in the City; this will be convenient to most of our members and will we hope ensure a larger attendance. November 3rd, 1900. J. E. Coover, How. Sec. MOLLUSCA COLLECTED BY MR. RUPERT VALLENTIN AT STANLEY HARBOUR, FALKLAND ISLES, 1897-99. By JAMES COSMO MELVILL, M.A., F.L.S., anD ROBERT STANDEN, ASSISTANT KEEPER, MANCHESTER MUSEUM. (Read before the Society, June 13th, 1900). WHEN this collection of mollusca was kindly placed in our hands for identification by Mr. Vallentin, it was intended that the whole of the zoological gatherings made by him should be published collectively, but it has unfortunately been impossible for him to have this good intention carried out. Although there is nothing of actual novelty amongst them, these mollusca are nevertheless of more than usual interest, for not only has great care been exercised in the collecting and preservation of them, but appended are copious notes, all the more valuable as taken on the spot: these we proceed to quote 7 extenso in the accompanying enumeration. CEPHALOPODA. Octopus tehuelchus d’Orb. ?—Mr. W. E. Hoyle informs us that two small Cephalopods, which we handed to him for examination, are probably the young of this well-known Patagonian species. GASTROPODA. PULMONATA. Limnza diaphana King. —“ A large freshwater pool, about three-quarters of a mile due east of Stanley Harbour, contained a number of these molluscs, which were crawling about the sandy bottom in the bright sunshine” (R.V.). | This appears to be the first instance, hitherto recorded, of the occurrence of a freshwater species in the Falkland Isles. It was described by King from specimens from the Straits of Magellan. Siphonaria lessoni Blainv.—‘‘ Very common on rocks, hulks, and beams. Invariably found on the fringe of high water mark, and never elsewhere. Spawn deposited during January” (R.V.). OPISTHOBRANCHIA. Pleurobranchus patagonicus D’Orb.—Three examples. The mantle seems more effuse than in the figure given by Tryon after @Orbigny.' Colour, a transparent white. The shell is more calcareous than are those of most other species of the genus. Low water. rt ‘* Manual of Conchology,’ vol. 16. pl. 74, fig. 92, 93. 44 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. 2, APRIL, IQOf. PROSOBRANCHIA. Voluta (Cymbiola) ancilla Sol.—York Bay, Port William, after easterly gales. Voluta (Cymbiola) becki Brod.—One fine living specimen. Port William, a wild exposed bay. Voluta (Cymbiola) magellanica Lam. — Dead shells only. Whale Sound, Stanley Harbour. ‘This locality is mentioned by Mr. Vallentin as being absolutely land-locked. Euthria antarctica Rve.—‘‘Common under stones at low water. Spawns during January ” (R.V.). Euthria fuscata Brug.—On shore at low water. Trophon cretaceus Rve.—It is not easy to differentiate this species from those examples of Z: geverstanus Pall., the lamelle of which are more or less obsolete on the upper whorls. Indeed, we should not feel surprised at their being ultimately united as two extreme forms of one variable species. Scarce. Trophon geversianus Pall.—‘“ Fairly abundant in certain places in the harbour. It is known to the settlers as the ‘whelk.’ The deposition of the curious spoon-shaped nidamental capsules was first observed on the 15th December, and by the roth of the following February the young fry were just beginning to hatch out. From some fragmentary observations, segmentation of the ova seemed to be the same as in /Vassa. ‘The ova are white in colour, and measure I mm. in diameter. This species appears to live exclusively upon two bivalves, AZytilus edulis and Chione exalbida, and has been observed to drill a hole through the valve of a AZjzz/us in two and a half hours” (R.V.). A considerable number of examples are in the collection, showing much variation in size, and number and disposition of the fimbriate longitudinal lamella. Some specimens nearly approach Z- cretaceus Rve. ‘This species (7: geversianus) has hitherto been mostly found in a dead condition, hence the fine dark umber coloration of the interior of the aperture is not often seen, and this is particularly noticeable in Mr. Vallentin’s splendid series. Stanley Harbour, on hulks and shores within tidal limits; York Bay, Port William, abundant on shore after easterly gales. Monoceros calcar Mart. (=JZ. imbricatus Lam.).— We refer to our previous paper on the mollusca of Lively Island, Falklands, (vol. 9, p. 97) for the full synonymy of this extremely variable species. York Bay, Port William, found on shore after easterly gales. Cerithium czlatum Couthouy MS.—Low water, spring tide. Crepidula dilatata Lam.—‘“ Mostly occurs under rocks and MELVILL AND STANDEN : MOLLUSCA FROM FALKLAND ISLANDS. 45 stones about low water mark. Also cast up on exposed beaches after gales” (R.V.). Lamellaria patagonica Smith.—Three species of this genus are reported from the Magellanic region. ‘The shells of two of these, both described by Couthouy’ as Srgarvetz, have not been described, but the soft parts nearly resemble the examples of the animals in the present collection. ‘The shell alone of Z. patagonicus seems known, and is identical with our examples. Low water, spring tides. Natica impervia Phil.—‘‘ One strap of spawn belonging to this species was found in November during an extremely low spring tide” (R.V.). Photinula expansa Sow.—‘ On the stems and roots of AZacro- eystes”’ (R-V.). 3 fathoms. ; Photinula tzniata Wood.— 3} fathoms. Fissurella picta L.—‘“Abundant, the shells of the largest speci- mens being invariably covered with foreign growths. In these the attachment between the animal and its shell is very slight indeed, a gentle tap from the toe of a boot being usually sufficient to separate one from the other” (R.V.). Fissurella polygona Sow.—On shore, low water. Fissurellidea hiantula Lam. (on Rve.).—“‘A single specimen found crawling on the mud inside a derelict vessel in Stanley Har- ourna (Re V,,): Acmeza czciliana D’Orb.—Identical with examples from Lively Island, Falklands, collected by Miss Cobb, which (vol. 9, p. 103) we referred to A. texz/is Gould. Having subsequently forwarded one of our specimens to the Rev. G. W. Taylor, of Gabriola Island, B.C., who is engaged in a critical study of this very difficult genus, he writes that he considers 4. ¢exilis and the allied A. persona Eschz. to be molluscs entirely confined to the West American coasts, and that the only Acmee@ likely to occur in the Magellanic province are A. viridula Lam., 4. cecitiana D’Orb., and A. zariabilis Rve. All these, he points out, are alike in the pale-green coloration of the interior, a peculiarity which is not found in limpets of this genus from any other part of the world. Low water. Patella znea Martyn.—‘‘ Common on rocks, stones, and piles of timber, from half-tide to low-water mark” (R.V.). Var. deaurata Gmel.—Lake Point, after easterly gales. Nacella cymbularia Lam.—‘‘Common on stems of Macrocystis and D’ Urvillea, at a depth of two fathoms, and found dead on shore after heavy gales” (R.V.). Hooker’s Point and York Bay, Port William. ; 1 Gould, “ Wilkes Exped. Moll.” p. 216-217, figs. 259-60, 46 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. 2, APRIL, IQOT. POEY PEACORHOR:. Tonicia atrata Sow. (=Chiton atratus Sow., Mag. Nat. Hist., N.s., vol. 4, 1840, p. 294).—Many examples of a very rare species, which has hardly been collected since the time the original specimens came to hand. The markings are exceedingly variable, as is the colora- tion, some being cinereous, others warm fawn or umber; others, again, mottled with light and dark hues. Some, too, are beautifully lineated with white or pale-grey. In all our examples, however, there is one uniform point of similarity, viz., the pale stramineous girdle, which is perfectly smooth and plane. Tonicia lebruni Rochebrune. — A single example of a rare species, described by M. de Rochebrune so recently as 1884. Callochiton illuminatus Rve. (= Chiton tluminatus Rve., Concheliconsy 22, dices ; Plaxiphora setigera King.—Two specimens. PELECYPODA. Mytilus edulis L.—“ Very numerous. On the morning of Noy. 29th, 1898, a specimen placed in a pan of sea-water the day previous was found to have spawned. During the afternoon of the same day a number of mussels were detected in the act of spawning in several places in the harbour, the sea being calm, and the sun shining brightly at the time. Towards the end of the following month, when the tow-net could be used, their larvee formed one of the commonest objects in the gatherings. By the 21st of January, 1899, these larvee had settled down to various objects in the harbour, and it was noticed that while they seemed to avoid the kelp (4Zacrocystis), other marine weeds, Hydroids, Ascidians, and in fact everything available was simply covered with them. Soon after arriving at Stanley it was noticed that many of the beds of mussels, more especially in the neighbourhood of Whale Sound, contained a large percentage of dead shells, with the valves still united by the ligament. Enquiry elicited the fact that the previous winter had been one of exceptional severity, and doubtless the depopulation of these large areas was owing to this cause, the mussels having been frozen when uncovered at low water. Mac- gillivray* records a similar destruction of the mussel beds in Stanley Harbour. In many parts of the harbour the shells of this species, and also those of Pave//a, seem subject to erosion or decay.in the Shell substance ; perforations appear, and the mollusc soon succumbs. Only specimens living on the shore are thus attacked, those on hulks and stone walls escaping. ‘The disease is probably due to the rain- 1 ‘‘ Narrative of the Voyage of H.M.S, ‘Rattlesnake,’” vol. 2, p. 100, MELVILL AND STANDEN : MOLLUSCA FROM FALKLAND ISLANDS. 47 water saturated with peat which flows over the beds when exposed at low-tides” (R.V.). Mytilus magellanicus Chem.—On Kelp, near Hooker’s Pond; also from a beached hulk which had been moored for some time previously in the harbour” (R.V.). Mytilus ungulatus L.—Perhaps too nearly allied to AZ. edulis L., which occurs with it, but far less frequently. ‘‘ The ‘whelk’ (Z: gezver- stanus) invariably attacks this species and J/. edulis, leaving M. magellanicus untouched” (R.V.). On a hulk. Modiolarca trapezina Lam.—“ Juvenile examples, in size from 3-5 mm. longitudinally ; are abundant on the fronds and stems of Macrocystis at a depth of two fathoms. Large examples are found on the various beaches, not uncommonly after southerly gales. A larger variety, again, of a particularly dark olive-green, is found under similar conditions, but full-grown specimens are always very difficult to pro- cure, the steamer-duck (Brachypterus micropterus), which abounds in the harbour, diving for and eating them” (R.V.). Saxicava antarctica Phil.—On beach, at low water. Teredo palmulata Lam.—‘ This abounds in certain waterlogged vessels, and old timber. It has been found necessary to sheath in copper all submerged timber in this harbour, to protect it against the depredations of this destructive mollusk” (R.V.). Chione (Omphaloclathrum) exalbida Chem.—‘“ Occurs in abundance in the various sandy bays in the harbour, especially at Sparrow Cove, Port William. It is known to the Settlers as the ‘Clam,’ and is frequently collected for table purposes. It is usually to be found buried a little distance in the sand.” The largest example in the collection measures 3°375 by 2°75 inches. Cryptodon falklandica E. Smith.—Low water, spring tides. —____+-e-@——___ Dates of Publication of Forbes & Hanley’s ‘History of British Mollusca.’”’—This was issued in monthly parts each usually with four plates (dated). Vol. I., pp. 1—477 (=Pt. 1—-12), 1848; pp. ii—lxxx., 478— 486, and all titles, 1853. Vol. II., pp. 1—480 (= Pt. 13—24), 1849; pp. 481—557 (=Pt. 25, 26), 1850. Vol. III., pp. 1—320 (= Pt. 27—34), 1850; pp. 321—616 (=Pt. 35—42), 1851. Vol. IV., pp. I—302 (=Pt. 43—end), 1852. These dates are based on Wiegmann’s Archiv f. Naturg., 1849, ii., pp. 77. and 106; 1850, ii., p. 103; 31851, ii, p. 104; 1852, ii., p. 263; 1853, ii., p. 94, and an incomplete copy with original covers in the possession of Mr. W. E. Hoyle,— B, B, Woopwarb (Read before the Society, February 13, 1901). 48 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. 2, APRIL, 1901. Notes from Porthleven, Cornwall.—It would be interesting and useful to those conchologists who are going to new places for their summer holidays, if those who have preceded them had made and published a few notes as to what was to be found in or near a holiday resort. Example being better than precept, let me say what I found when staying this August at Porthleven, a little fishing town, half-way between the Lizard and the Land’s End. Weather unpropitious, it only raining twice in the three weeks of my stay ; soil unpropitious, being mainly granitic or metamorphic, metalliferous but not mollusciferous. It was not a very long walk to North Cornwall, where I found forms larger, notably in the case of Helix virvata and //. acuta. The most common shells were &. asfersa and H. zemoal’s. Both were mainly found in the stone walls overgrown with gorse, heath, brambles, and foxgloves, which here take the place of hedges. A. aspersa in the south was largely of the var. sata type ; those in the north more nearly approached var. fammea. Nearly all were considerably weather-worn ; 7. asfersa and ZH. acuta were largely pairing and were the only species thus occupied. A. wenoralis showed a large pro- portion of red as against yellow shells. The variety castanea I only found at the Lizard near the signal station. Some that in the flesh appeared brown were found to have shells much more diaphanous than those of other tints. I found two speci- mens of var. Aya/ozonata, and in two hedges var. albolabiata occurred, and I secured fourteen specimens, some of which have a primrose-coloured lip. I found one shell that is the nearest approach to an indubitable ‘‘six-banded” I have observed, but it is frequently most difficult to distinguish between a ‘split’ and a band. and I believe. indeed, that the archetypal “/e/7x had but one band, a peripheral one, from which two above and two below have developed by ‘“‘ splitting.”” Some were nctice- ably pyramidal in form, but these were not common as they are in some places, eg., the Brighton Downs. #. horfenszs was entirely absent ; latterly I looked specially for it, but in vain. A. wxgata was not common; where it did occur in any numbers I always found there was a clover-field on the other side of the wall ; one exception was acliff at Polurrian. In the south, as I have already noted, forms were small, in the north larger. Only once in the whole district I examined (Lizard to Penzance, along the coast, and Porthleven to Gwithian, crossing Cornwall) did I find var. albicans, so prevalent in most counties. The exception was near Marazion, but in all other places where @. vergata occurred var. hypozona took its place, just reversing what would be the case in Kent. Var. /eucozona was finest and most abundant on the Gwithian sand-dunes, where, indeed, it prevailed over all other varieties put together. Var. a/ba and var. alba-hyalozonata 1 found in a clover-field at Helze- phron, where also to my great delight I took one var. size¢stvorsum. Millions of ff. virgata have I seen, myriads have I handled, thousands have I collected, but never before have I seen areversed form. At Polurrian a form intermediate between var. radiata and var. nigrescens occurs. 1. acata occurred only sparingly and locally in the south, but abounded at Gwithian, where the beautiful var. ar¢icu/ata was com- mon together with the typeand var. s¢t7zgata._ HH. gvanulata was fairly common, but local, and was obtained by beating or looking under hedge-cuttings. A. vevelata I found only a few of, and these under stones. 4. caferata fairly common, the var. ornata not so; A. rufescens rare; H. rotundata not particularly common. Of Z. ifala found only a few small specimens at Gwithian. //yalinze few, but less dry weather might have brought more to light. I took two specimens of 4. draparnaldi at Penrose, near Porthleven. Only two specimens of Cochlicopa lubrica came to hand. Ancylus fluviatilis was abundant on stones in Looe Pool. Marine shells apparently rare owing to the rocky shores, but Lzttor?#a rudis varied much in colour and banding.—J. W. Horstey, St. Peter’s Rectory, Walworth. (ead before the Society, Sept. 12th, 1900). 49 NORFOLK MARINE MOLLUSCA. By ARTHUR MAYFIELD (Read hefore the Society, Dec. 12, 1900). THE sandy shores of Norfolk are not, by any means, a happy hunting- ground for the collector of marine molluscs. The best localities are : | 1. The Wash. 2. The shore from Wells-next-the-Sea to Hunstanton, where dead shells are thrown up amongst the drift rubbish in great abundance, but little variety. The neighbourhood of Cromer, Runton, and Sheringham, where the chalk and flints form the beach between high- and low-water marks. 4. Breydon Water, a shallow brackish lake occupying 1,200 acres. Along the eastern shores of East Anglia, from Palling-on-Sea to Felixstowe, there is a remarkable paucity of drift shells, doubtless owing to the rarity of easterly gales. In the following list records marked “‘B.” and “H.” are given on the authority of Mr. J. B. Beckett, of Gorleston, Great Yarmouth, and Mr. F. W. Harmer, F.G.S., of Cringleford, Norwich, respectively. To these gentlemen my sincere thanks are due for allowing me to quote from their papers on this subject. There are also in Mr. Harmer’s list some records which are the result of dredging operations made in 1870 by Captain Calver, of H.M.S. “Porcupine,” in “Lynn Deeps.” These were sent to Mr. Harmer by Mr. Gwyn Jeffreys, and are herein indicated by the initial “J.” ie>) LIST OF SPECIES. AMPHINEURA. Pecten varius (L.), common. Craspedochilus onyx (Spengl.) [ = Chzton v. zzvea Macgill, rare (H.). cinereus|, Yarmouth (B.). P. opercularts (L.), rare. C, cinereus (L.) [=C. marginatus], com- | Goodallia triangularts (Mont.), rare (H.). mon. Arctica islandica (L.), fragments, Holi- PELECYPODA. ham. Nucula nucleus (1..), common. Loraipes lacteus (L.), Yarmouth (B. ). LV. nitida G. B. Sow., rare (H.). Lucina borealis (L.), rare (H.). Nuculana minuta (Miill.), rare (H.). Montacuta bidentata (Mont.), Yarmouth Anomia ephippium L., common. .: (B.). : , v. aculeata Miill., The Wash (J.). Kellia suborbicularts (Mont. ), The Wash Barbatia lactea (L.), rare (H.). (J.). i . Mytilus edulis L., common. Syndosmya nitzda (Miill.), Yarmouth (B.). Modiolus modiolus (L.), common. S. alba (Wood), frequent. ; M. barbatus (L.), rare (H.). Serobicularia plana (daC. ), plentiful. Modiolaria marmorata (Forb.), The Tellina donactna L., rare (H.). Wash (J.). T. tenis (daC.), plentiful. AM. discers (L.), common. T. fabula Gronov., rare (HI. ). M. discrepans (Leach), rare (H. ). TL. pustlla Phil., The Wash (J.). Ostrea edulis L., common. Macoma balthtea (1..), common. 50 Donax vittatus (daC.), rare, Holkham. Mactra stultorum L., common. Spiseula soleda (L.), Wells. 5. elliptéca (Brown), rare (H.). Dosinia exoleta (L.), rare (H.). Venus ovata Penn., rare (H.). V. gallina L., rare (H.). Tapes virgineus (L.), rare (H. ). T. pullastra (Mont.), common. Cardium exiguum Gm., common. C. fasctatwim Mont., rare (H.). C. edule LL., common. C. norvegicum (Spengl.), rare (H.). Psammobia tellinclla Lmk., The Wash(J.). P. depressa Penn., rare (H.). Mya arenaria L., plentiful. MW. truncata L., plentiful. Sphenia binghanez Turt., The Wash (J.). Corbila gibba (Olivi), rare (H.). Ensis ensts (L.), frequent (H.). E. siligua L., plentiful. Solen vagina L., rare (H.). Saxicava rugosa (L.), common. S. arctica (L.), The Wash (J.). Pholas dactylus L., Yarmouth (B.). Barnea candida (L.), common. Zirfea crispata L., frequent (H.). Teredo navalts L., common. SCAPHOPODA. Dentalium entalis L., fragments, Wells. GASTROPODA. Patella vulgata 1.., Yarmouth, not common. Patina pelluceda (L.), frequent in drift. Acmaa virginea Mill., Yarmouth (B.). Eumargarita helicina (Fabr.), rare (H.). Gibbula magus (L.), rare, Heacham. v. conta Marshall, one specimen, Heacham. G. tumida (Mont.), The Wash (J.) G. cineraria (L.), common. G. umbelicata (Mont. ), common. Calliostoma zizyphimus (L.), common. Lacuna crassior (Mont.), frequent (H.). L. divaricata (Fabr ), Yarmouth. v. gracilior Metcalfe, one specimen, Yarmouth. L. pallidula (daC.), rare, in drift, Yar- mouth. Littorina obtusata (L.), common. L, neritozdes (L.), Breydon. LZ. rudzs (Maton), common. JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. 2, APRIL, IQO1. L. littorea (L.), common. Ressoa parva (daC.), common in drift. v. znterrupta Adams, very plentiful R. tnconspicua Alder, Yarmouth (B.). Zippora membranacea (J. Adams), The Wash (J.). Onoba striata (J. Adams), not infrequent. Cingula semistriata (Mont.), The Wash, | Paludestrina stagnalis (Bast.), common. Trivia europea (Mont.), not common, Cromer. Natica catena (daC.), common.’ N. alderi Forbes, common. Velutina levigata (Penn.), rare (H.). Bittium reticulatum (daC.), Yarmouth (B.) Scala clathrus (L.), rare, Yarmouth. Odostomia unidentata F. & H., Yar- mouth (B.). | Brachystonita rissotdes (Hanl.), The Wash | o)b , Oda doltoliforieds (Jeftr.), Yarmouth (B. ). | Pyrgulina interstencta (Mont.), The Wash (J.). Spiralinella spiralis (Mont.), The Wash Eulima bilineata (Alder), The Wash (J.) Aporrhais pes-pelecani (L.), one water- worn shell, Wells. Buccinum undatum L., common. v. strzata Penn (H.). Neptunea antigua L., common. Tritonofusus gracilis (daC.), not infre- quent. Octnebra ertnacea (L.), common. Trophon clathratus (L.), v. truncata (Str6m.), The Wash (J.). Purpura lapillus (L.), common. v. zmbrecata (Lmk.), (H.). Nassa reticulata (L.), common. v. nztzda Jeffr., common. N. incrassata (Strom. ), not uncommon. Lela turricula (Mont.), not uncommon. &. rufa (Mont.), not uncommon (H. ). Tornatina obtusa Mont., rave, Wells. Diaphana hyalina (Tutt. ), The Wash (J.). Leuconia bidentata (Mont.), rare (H.). Alexia myosotés (Drap.), rare (H.). CEPHALOPODA. Sepia offictnalis L., Yarmouth (B.). Sepiola scandica Stp., (H.). Polypus vulgaris (mk. ), Yarmouth (B. ). SI TAPES GEOGRAPHICUS AND T. PULLASTRA. By B. B. WOODWARD. (Read before the Society, Jan. 0, 190r). Mr, J. T. Marshall in his note on this subject (az/fea p. 27) leaves much to be desired in the way of accuracy, both in his inferences and his references. The sentence ‘“‘judging them only from a comparison of their shells” has no justification whatever in anything in my note ; equally baseless is the assumption that ‘‘ Mr. Woodward, on the other hand, has .... apparently ignored the shells.” Not being given to rush into print without adequate research and investigation, a careful study of the specimens in the Natural History Museum was made both before writing my previous note and in the present instance, and in each case in company with my friend and colleague, Mr. E. A. Smith, whose permission I have to state that he also considers the two forms to be distinct species. Further, when Mr. Marshall asserts I am mistaken in considering that Jeffreys was unaware of the occur- rence of 7. pud/astra in the Mediterranean, he has manifestly over- looked in the very paper he quotes’ Jeffreys’ statement: “I have examined many hundred specimens of the southern form, 7: geo- graphicus from the Mediterranean and Adriatic; and my former opinion of its being the same species as the northern form, 7. pul /astra, has been most fully and satisfactorily confirmed.” This clearly shows that Jeffreys was then unaware, or had forgotten, that the northern form occurred in the Mediterranean, side by side with the southern form; but, of course, holding as he did that the two forms were one species, he gives the range for that as quoted by Mr. Marshall. The further citation® is immaterial, since it only refers to Mr. Marshall’s own echo of Jeffreys’ opinion. Now, as to the specific distinctness or not of these two forms opinions differ, but to Mr. Smith and myself it seemed that the differ- ences were not merely “‘superficial” (the exact meaning of Mr. Marshall’s sentence on this point is far from lucid). Not only is T. geographicus narrower and longer in form, even when compared with the most elongate forms of 7. puwllastra we could find (from Hunstanton, Norfolk; and from the Mediterranean) but it differs in other respects in its contour ; whilst the hinge-plate is not so pro- minent, sloping back more into the valve, and the posterior portion of the hinge has a strong purplish tinge not observable in 7: pu/lastra, which, on the other hand, has sometimes a purple stain de/ow the ‘x Proc. Zool. Soc., 1881, p. 717. 2 Journ. of Conch., vol. 8, p. 27, 1895. 52 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. I0, NO. 2, APRIL, I90I. hinge-line along the dorsal margin. Nor did we observe in the speci- mens before us any transition between the external markings of the two forms. In every case the two were most readily separable. Perhaps, however, Mr. Marshall has specimens which will throw further light on the subject ; if so we trust he will kindly favour us with a sight of them. There is some evidence to show that confusion has arisen from collectors, unfamiliar with the true Z: geographicus, having distributed some varieties of Z. pullastra as T. geographicus. Thus, in the British Museum there is a tablet (in a small collection presented by McAndrew) marked ‘ 7: geographicus, S. coast of Spain,” bearing three specimens, each belonging to a different species, and in Jeffreys’ handwriting in pencil; the right and left-hand specimens are respec- tively marked off as 7. virginea and T. pullastra. Messrs. Sowerby and Fulton, too, have kindly shown us three sets of specimens, all received from one source, and all labelled ‘‘ 7. geographicus,” of which one set alone was correctly named, the other two being manifestly varieties of 7. pullastra. Both Pfeiffer and Roemer, who, to put it mildly, were at least as good conchologists as Jeffreys, considered the two forms distinct, but identified 7. pullastra with 7. senegalensis Gmelin (Linn. Syst. Nat., ed. 13, p. 3, 282, no. 67), and were this determination upheld, those who contend for the identity of the two forms have no choice but to accept this name, since it occurs earlier in the work cited than that ot T. geographicus by eleven pages! Adanson’s figure and description, however, to which Gmelin refers, are far too meagre and unsatisfactory to render this identification certain (though Bucquoy, Dautzenberg, and Dollfus adopt the species as distinct, and give a figure which approaches that of Adanson') whereas there can be no doubt as to Montagu’s Z: pullastra. Bucquoy, Dautzenberg, and Dollfus, on the other hand, consider T. seographicus to be a variety of 7. pullastra, though they give no reason for it, and the two forms are instantly separable in their excel- lent plates ; probably they simply follow Jeffreys. Anyhow, as matters at present stand, the form Z: geographicus appears so clearly marked off in its shape, coloration, and geographical distribution, as to be worthy to rank as specifically distinct from 7: pullastra. 1 Moll. Marins Roussillon, vol. 2, pl. 42, fig. 2. 58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF GREAT BRITAIN & IRELAND. 295th Meeting, December 12th, 1900. Mr. Thomas Rogers in the chair. Donations to the Library announced and thanks voted : The usual periodicals received in exchange. Donation to the Cabinet announced and thanks voted : By Mr. Whitwell: the new records mentioned in his paper. Donation to the Fund for clearing off adverse balance announced and thanks voted : Alexander Somerville, B.Sc., £2 2s. New Member Elected. William Henry Chadwick, 63, Hornsey Rise, London, N. Candidates Proposed for Membership. Miss Caroline Birley, Mrs. Edith Gould, Messrs. W. J. Edwards, J. W. Jackson. William Oelrichs, J. T. Wilde. Resignations, Rev. E. W. W. Bowell and T. W. Reader. Names Struck Off. The following names have been removed from the list of members in accordance with Rule 4:—Messrs. J. B. Beckett, J. Clark, O. G. Evans-Thomas, and II. S. Wallace. A Statement by the Committee for collective investigation was presented (see p. 28). The Report of the London Branch was presented and read (see p. 42). Papers Read. ‘‘ Norfolk Marine Mollusca,” by Arthur Mayfield. ** Changes in Generic Names in the Pyramidellide,” by G. W. Chaster. “Tapes geosraphicus and 7. pullastra,” by J. T. Marshall. “* Shells observed and collected in East Sussex, vice-county no. 14,” by W. Whit- well. Exhibits. By Mr. E. Collier : Swcctnea ob/onga from near Cork, and Koughty Bridge, Ken- mare, and var. avezarvia from Enniskillen and Carrickreagh, Lough Erne; He/iv fusca from Ingleton, Caldbeck near Keswick, Bassenthwaite, and Glencar, county Sligo; Helix rufescers, cleaned out by insects, Carrickreagh ; /. veve/ata from the Lizard ; . nemoralzs vars. cztrinozonata and roseozonata, Manorbier near Tenby ; var. voseozonata Bundoran ; and 7. hortensts var. /utea, perfectly white before hiber- nation, and of the ordinary colour in the part subsequently added. By Mr. F. Taylor : Physa heterostropha from Hollinwood Canal. By Mr. R. Standen: Bucctuum glacial, GF. angulosum, and B. scalariforme from an icefloe, Spitzbergen ; a selection of shells from Somaliland, collected last year by Dr. Koettlitz ; anda fine set of Amphzdromus, recently presented to the Manchester Museum ; and, on behalf of Mr. J. W. Whitwell, the set of shells col- lected by him at Horsted Keynes, and presented to the Cabinet. 296th Meeting, January goth, 19or. Mr. Thomas Rogers in the chair. Donations to the Library announced and thanks voted : The usual periodicals received in exchange. 54 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. 2, APRIL, Ig0!. New Members Elected. Miss Caroline Birley. 14, Brunswick Gardens, Kensington, W. Mrs. Edith Gould, 17, Dorchester Road, Weymouth, Dorset. Mr. William J. Edwards, 96, Palmerston Street, Moss Side, Manchester. Mr. John Wilfrid Jackson, 18, Bedford Avenue, Manley Park, Manchester. Mr. William Oelrichs, F.R.Met.Soc., 3, Wexford Road, Oxton, Cheshire. Mr. John Thomas Wilde, 76, Gladstone Road, Sparkbrook, Birmingham. Candidates Proposed for Membership. Messrs. R. H. Bentley, L. B. Brown, W. D. Brown, W. H. Edwards. Resignations. Rev. Addison Crofton, M.A., Mr. G. F. Tregelles. Papers Read. ‘Tapes geographicus and T. pullastra,” by B. B. Woodward. Exhibits. By Mr. J. C. Melvill: Bythoceras tridescens Moore, and Paramelanta damornt, from Lake Tanganyika. A large series of British and foreign Pys were exhibited by several members, and the Manchester Museum collections of Physe and Xerxophove were also shewn. 297th Meeting, February 13th, rgor. Mr. Thomas Rogers in the chair. Donations to the Library announced and thanks voted : **Exotic Mollusca in California,” by R. E. C. Stearns ( from the author); and the usual periodicals received in exchange. Donations to the Cabinet announced and thanks voted : By Mr. F. Taylor: Physa heterostvopha from Guidebridge, near Manchester. New Members Elected. Mr. Richard Herbert Bentley, 43, Gloucester Rd., Brownswood Park, London, N. Mr. Lewis Boyer Brown, P.O. Box 148, Bridgetown, Barbados. West Indies. Mr. W. D. Brown, Woodlands, Parbold, near Southport. e Mr. W. H. Edwards, Curator, Hastings Museum, Victoria Institute, Worcester. Candidates Proposed for Membership. Messrs. H. Beeston ; W. O. Dyson; J. A. Rooth; and Rev. A. H. Cooke. Papers Read. “* Dates of Publication of Forbes and Hanley’s ‘History of British Mollusca,’ ” by B. B. Woodward. ‘*The Marine Mollusca of the Isle of Man,” by L. St. G. Byne and Alfred Leicester. Exhibits. By Mr. E. Collier: A number of sinistral and scalariform examples of Hedixv nemoratis, from the sand dunes between Blackpool and St. Anne’s. By Mr. W. Moss: Helix vermiculata Miill., with its ‘‘dart” and epiphragm- found living in a bag of Barcelona nuts. By Mr. W. J. Edwards: A very beautiful variety of Ofzva fesselata Lam. By Mr. F. Taylor : Lz¢ttorzna rudis var. sulcata, from the Isle of Man; Physa heterostvopha, from canal at Guidebridge ; living specimens of the new Paludes- trina (P. taylort Smith) from Dukinfield; and a fine series of North American, Trinidad, and British Physe. By Mr. R. Standen: A fine collection of Magz/us antiguzs, and allied species, recently presented to the Manchester Museum; also the Museum series of British Littorinidee. PROCEEDINGS : MARCH I3TH, 1901. 55 298th Meeting, March 13th, 1go1. Mr. Thomas Rogers in the chair. Donations to the Library announced and thanks voted : “Land and Freshwater Shells of Guernsey,” two pamphlets, by E. D. Mar- quand ( from the author) ; and the usual periodicals received in exchange. New Members Elected. Mr. Harry Beeston, Hawkestone, Havant. Rev. Alfred H. Cooke, M.A., F.Z.S., Aldenham School, Elstree, Herts. Mr. William Ogden Dyson, 41, Whitely Street, Oldham. Mr. James Augustus Rooth, B.A. (Oxon.), L.R.C.P., 29, Trebovir Road, Earl’s Court, London. Candidates Proposed for Membership. Mr. Robert Drummond. Deaths, Dr. C. C. Claremont and Mr, W. A. Cockshott. Balance Sheet. The Balance Sheet for 1900 having been duly audited was laid on the table. Statement of Accounts for 1900. Receipts : Le Beh Expenditure: £ s. a. Subscriptions ve .. 61 5 © | BalanceduetoTreasurer ... 5 8 9 Advertisements —_... ... 2 0 O| Room for Annual Meeting at Sale of Publications... sd E3ONNa 6 Stafford in 1899 ... iia) DV TGIKO Donation (per Mr. L. E. Adams) Third and last instalment of towards cost of illustrations 1 4 6 Purchase-Money of Quart. Special Donations ... Re AghTs 6 Journ. of Conchology TOM ONO Life Membership Fee + 3 3 ©| Library Cards THeeh 7 Additions to Library O 5 3 Purchase of 12 nos. of journal O712i 6 Reprints 8 19 II Stationery O75 | Printing of nos. of Jowell: Apr: 1899 to Oct., 1900 inclusive 87 3 10 Editor’s & Secretary’s expenses 9 3 6 Treasurer’s Expenses PE ZU T Sis Balance in hand sop) tt HO) al sal zee ESIAE AERO. Audited and found correct : E. C. STUMP, a sy March 13th, 1got. CHAS) OL DEANS eS, Paper Read. “ Reversed Hedices recently found in Lancashire,” by Ed. Collier. Exhibits. By Mr. R. D. Darbishire: A large series of Helix memoralzs, from Lexington, Virginia, U.S.A., collected by Prof. J. L. Howe. This introduced species is gradu- ally extending its area. The specimens are remarkable for their lack of brilliant colouration and their resemblance to the sombre hues of the American He/ices. By Mr. W. J. Edwards : Anomia ephippium attached to Littorina littorea, both species alive when taken, and very fine. By Mr. R. Standen: Helix nedrom@e Deh., and other species, collected by Mr A. Smith in the neighbourhood of Grimsby, where they have probably been intro duced in foreign grain from Mediterranean seaports. _ By Mr. Ed, Collier : The series of He/ces referred to in his paper. 56 BIBLIOGRAPHY. (LIMITED TO WORKS RECEIVED BY THE SOCIETY’S LIBRARIAN). “Fauna Hawaiiensis: Mollusca.” By E. R. SyKEs, with intercalations on Anatomy by H. H. GopWIN-AUSTEN. Vol. 2, pp. 271-412, pl. 11, 12, Cam- bridge, 1900. This work, dealing with the non-marine molluscs only, opens with a series of tables, illustrating the distribution of the fauna, and the following conclusions are- drawn :— 1.—The molluscan fauna is nearly related to that of the Polynesian islands, and shows hardly any trace of continental influence, Asiatic or American. 2.—The species are nearly always confined to one island ; but it is very doubtful whether, as has been stated, ‘‘ each valley has its peculiar species.” 3.—When the genera found are confined to the islands, the majority of living species usually occur on Oahu. : Kauai has 50 species peculiar to it, Oahu 175, Molokai 44, Lanai 25, Maui 64, Hawaii 37. A systematic account of the fauna is then given, and includes details of the anatomy of some Helicoid forms, due to Col. Godwin-Austen. The Zzmaczde number 7, Zonzttde 25, Phtlomycide 2, Endodontide 24, Helicide 2, Pupide 10, Achatinellide 332, Tornatellinide 14, Stenogyride 4, Succinetde 27, Limneide 13, Melaniide 6, Paludestrinide 1, Helicinide 5, Neritide 5. The Achatinellidee are divided into nine genera: Achatinella 107, Perdicella 8, Mewcombia 9, Amastra 101, Leptachatina 76, Thaanumia 1, Carelia 9, Auricu- /ella 20, and Frickella 1; some of these genera are also divided into sections. The following new genera are described : Godwinia, with type Vetvina caperata Gld., and Fhzlonesza, with type Microcystis abetllei Ancey. Amastrella isa new sub-genus of Amastra (type A. rugulosa Pease), and Kaivata a new name for Carzz- cella, Pfr. nec Sby. New species are described of Perdicella, Leptachatina, Tornatellina, Achatin- ella, Auriculella, and Succinea ; all these being figured, as also those described else- where by Mr. Sykes from the same collection. The work concludes with a bibliography, list of forms treated as varieties or synonyms, and a further list of species unknown or erroneously recorded. Monograph of the Land and Freshwater Mollusca of the British Isles, by J. W. TAYLOR ; part vil., completing vol. 1. The seventh and concluding part of the introductory first volume of Mr. Taylor’s great work was issued December 31, 1900. Dealing first with the conditions of geographical distribution of terrestrial mollusca, the author passes on to periodicity of species, giving well-known interesting examples. Coloured maps illustrate the approximate routes traversed by the Helicidee, etc., from their probable evolutionary centre and the world distribution of the chief Helicidian families. A very interest- ing comparison of the genital organs of the more or less highly developed Helicidian groups shows that the more elementary and ancient the types, the more widely are those types distributed. After defining the various geographical regions, the posi- tion of the British molluscan fauna is explained at length and illustrated by a coloured map. The geological history of the British Isles is next summarised, and a list of the fossils of each formation appended. The author then proceeds to give an interesting account of the enemies of mollusks and of their parasites. The various uses of mol- lusks, as food, medicine, ornament, money, and augury conclude the text. The part also contains a comprehensive index to the whole volume. The various plates add Jargely to the interest of the part. BIBLIOGRAPHY. 57 Journal de Conchyliologie, vol. 48, nos. 2-4, 1900. ‘© Description d’une espéce nouvelle du genre Cyvena [C. tmgens], provenant des Nouvelles Hebrides,” by PH. DAUTZENBERG. ‘‘ Diagnoses de Coquilles nouvelles de ’Indo-Chine,” by A. BAVAY and PH. DAUTZENBERG [e/ix 9, Macrochlamys 9, Buliminus 1, Claustlia 2, Stenothyra 1, Cremnoconchus 1, Lithoglyphus 1, Melania 1, Alyceus 6 nn. spp.]. ‘* Les Ammonites du calcaire rouge ammonitique (Toar- cien) de 1Ombrie,” by R. BELLINI. **Coquilles marines du littoral du département d’Oran,” by P. PALLARY [An elaborate paper, illustrated by 3 plates and cuts, several nn. spp. and varr.]. ‘* Mol- lusques de l’Archipel de Bonin,” by C. F. Ancry [5 spp.]. ‘‘ Diagnose d’une nouvelle espece d’Unio [U. fruhstorfert] provenant de V’Indo-Chine,” by PH. DAUTZENBERG. “Description de cequilles nouvelles de l’Indo-Chine,” by A. BAvAy and PH. DAUTZENBERG [Full description, with figs. of the spp. alluded to above]. ‘* Recti- fications de Nomenclature,” by PH. DAUTZENBERG and H. FIscHErR [ Bathysctadium contcum = Lepeta costulata; Clavator vayssteri = Cl. placostyloides = Bulimus grandiaic7?. | The Naturalist, nos. 525-530, Oct., 1900-Mar., 1901. “Vertigo angusttior in Lincolnshire,” by J. W. TAYLOR. ‘‘Acmea testudinalis in Grace Darling’s collection,” by W. DENISON RoEBUCK. ‘‘Helix hortensis and Al. nemoralis at North Ormesby, Lincs.,” by C. S. CARTER. ‘* Molluscan Notes, Louth District,” by C. S. CARTER [list of about twenty spp. and varr.]. ‘‘Acmea testudinalis on the Yorkshire Coast,” by J. BRAaIM. ‘‘ Octopus on the Cleveland Coast,” by J. N. Fawcetr. ‘‘ Zestacella scutulum in Leeds City,” by W. DENISON Rorsuck. ‘Helix virgata in the Louth District,” by C. S. CARTER. ‘‘ Plague of Dew Slugs (Agriolimax agrestis] at Botsford,” by M. PrEacock. ‘‘ Frost and Limnea peregra,” by T. PETCH [alive under ice]. Science Gossip, vol. 7, nos. 77-82, Oct., 1900-Mar., 1901. “On Colouring of Molluscs’ Shells,” by R. J. HuGues [Original colour of fossils brought out by treatment with acid]. ‘‘ Erosion of Shells,” by A. E. Bovcort. “Felix nemorals and Hf. hortensts in Yorkshire,” by W. GYNGELL. ‘‘Colonies of Snails at High Altitudes” [Derbyshire, 1,250 feet], by [Rev.] R. A. BULLEN. “‘Land and Freshwater Mollusca of Hampshire,” by LIONEL E, ADAMS and B. B. Woopwarp [list with revised nomenclature]. The Irish Naturalist, vol. 9, no. 11, Nov., 1900. “Scalariform Helix nemoratzs living at Bundoran,” by W. A. GREEN. La Feuille des Jeunes Naturalistes, nos. 362-365, Dec., 1900-Mar., 1901. ** Faunule malacologique des environs de Saint-Malo,” by PH. DAUTZENBERG and P. DuRoUCcHOUX [183 spp. recorded]. ‘‘ Puga (Lauria) umbilicata Drp. et Pupa (Pupilla) muscorum Mill.” [distinctive characters], by E. MARGIER. ‘“‘ Liste des coquilles marines, terrestres et d’eau douce recueillies aux environs de Can- cale,” by H. MARTEL [Supplement to list previously given ; conclusion L. and F.W. Moll.]. ‘“‘ Le Pupa (Torguilla) stmziis Brug. (P. cinerea Drp.),” by E. MARGIER [geographical distribution], The Annals of Scottish Natural History, no. 37, Jan., 1901. “‘Valvata piscinalis and Anodonta cygnea in West Lothian,” by R. GODFREY. “Vertigo antivertigo in West Lothian,” by R. GODFREY. The Chicago Academy of Sciences, Bulletin 3. ‘* The Mollusca of the Chicago Area: the Pelecypoda,” by F. C. BAKER [Des- criptive catalogue of 50 sp. with 27 pl. ]. 58 THE GEOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION OF EXTINCT BRITISH NON-MARINE MOLLUSCA. a By R. BULLEN NEWTON, F.G.S. (Read before the Society, Sept. r2th, 100). THE following work has been compiled in order to show at a glance the geological range of every recorded species of terrestrial and fluvia- tile shell, excluding those with M.S. names and any forms insufficiently described, from the strata of the British Islands, which are regarded as non-existent within the same limits. Among such molluscs, Archanodon jukest appears to be the most ancient. It is related to the modern Anodonta, and belongs to the Devonian or Old Red Sandstone period, having been found in Ireland, Monmouthshire, and Northumberland. Next in point of age are a number of species peculiar to the Coal Measures, exhibiting unioni- form affinities, which have been recognised by Wheelton Hind and others under the genera Anthracomya, Carbonicola, and Natadites. Land shells make their first appearance in rocks of Lower Lias age, forms having been described by Charles Moore as referable to the genera Valvata, Vertigo, Despena, Planorbis, and Helix, which were discovered in the Charteris House Lead Mine, Mendip Hills, 270 feet from the surface. More than sixty years ago William Bean described and figured Unio distortus from the Inferior Oolite beds of this country. This unique specimen, now in the possession of the British Museum, was found at Gristhorpe, Yorkshire. Through the researches of Edward Forbes, Ralph Tate, and others, we have been made acquainted with an interesting assemblage of shells occurring in the Oolite (Infra~-Oxfordian) rocks of Skye and Raasay in Scotland, containing such genera as Lepfoxis, Nerttina, Paludestrina, Valvata, Viviparus, Corbicula,and Unio. The Purbeck and Wealden strata have yielded a fauna of freshwater or estuarine character, among the mollusca being AZedanta, Melanopsis, Physa, Unio, etc. In Tertiary times a large number of terrestrial and fluviatile shells flourished, nearly all of which belong to extinct species. One of the old- est forms from this group of rocks is Camptoceras priscum, a member of the family Physidz, which was described by H. H. Godwin-Austen, in 1882, from the London Clay Deposits of Sheppey. During the suc- ceeding Post-Tertiary period these mollusca were very abundant and mainly belonging to species which survived to modern times, only about twelve Gastropods being recognised as extinct besides three or four Lamellibranchs. NEWTON : GEOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION OF NON-MARINE MOLLUSCA. 50 As there is no scope for synonomy in a list of this kind, it has been thought necessary to introduce the generic name under which a species was originally described, in addition of course to that which is now accepted ; this is indicated by a rounded bracket. The Bibliography which follows is intended to include only the principal papers and works which have been consulted during the preparation of the list. Finally, the author tenders his acknowledgments to his colleagues at the British Museum, Mr. Edgar A. Smith, F.Z.S., and Mr. B. B. Woodward, F.G.S., for some useful suggestions made to him whilst collecting material for this work. BIBLIOGRAPHY. BaiLty, W. H.—Explanations of 147 and 157 of the Maps of the Geological Survey of Ireland, 1861, p. 16 (woodcuts). Bean, W.—Description and figures of Uzio distortus Bean and Cypris concentrica Bean from the Upper Sandstone and Shale of Scarborough. Loudon’s Alag. Nat. Hist., 1836, p. 376, woodcut 53. BELL, R. G.—Land Shells in the Red Crag. Geological Magazine, 1884, p. 262. Coquanb, H.-——-Descnption de quelques espéces nouvelles de coquilles fossiles découvertes dans la Chaine du Jura. Alem. Soc. Emul. Doubs (Besancon), 1856, vol. 7, pp. 45-50, pl. 5. Dawkins, W. B.—On the range of Anodonta jukest. Trans. Man- chester Geol. Soc., 1881, vol. 16, p. 247. Epwarps, F. E.— Monograph of the Eocene Mollusca. Paleonto- graphical Soctety, 1852. ETHERIDGE, R., JuNnR.— The Paleozoic Conchology of Scotland. Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edinburgh, 1882, pp. 49, 50, and 53. Forses, E.—On the Estuary Beds and the Oxford Clay at Loch Sraitineanenomye,. Ovarts: fougm Geol. “Sec. US5x, vol. 7, plaes; pp. 109-113. .—On the Fossils of the Yellow Sandstone of the South of Ireland. 22d Report Brit. Assoc. for 1852, pub. 1853, p. 43. GARDNER, J. S.—On the Land Mollusca of the Eocenes. Geol. Mag., 1885, pl. 6, pp. 241-245. Hinp, W.—On three new species of Lamellibranchiata from the Carboniferous Rocks of Great Britain. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., 1899, vol. 55, p. 365, pl. 25. ———.—-A Monograph on Carbonicola, Anthracomya, and Vata- dites. Paleontographical Soctety, 1894, 1895. .—On the Affinities of Axthracoptera and Axnthracomya. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., 1893, vol. 49, pls. 7-10, pp. 249~275. 60 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. 2, APRIL, 1901. Howser, R.—Preliminary notice of the occurrence of A7chanodon (Anodonta) jukest Forbes in the Lower Carboniferous Rocks of North Northumberland. Wat. Hist. Trans. Northumberland, 1878, vol. 7, OL 4b, Os 7S Hup.eston, W. H.— British Jurassic Gasteropoda. Paleonto- graphical Society, 1896, pl. 44, fig. 1, p. 488. Hucues, Mrs. THos. McKrenny.—On the Mollusca of the Pleisto- cene Gravels in the Neighbourhood of Cambridge. Geol. Mag., 1888, PP: 1935207- , Prof. THos. McKrnny.—On some Fossils supposed to _ have been found in the Pleistocene Gravels of Barnwell, near Cam- bridge. Geol. Mag., 1883, pp. 454-456. KENNARD, A. S., B. B. Woopwarp, and W. M. Wrss.—The Post- Pliocene Non-Marine Mollusca of Essex. LZssex Naturalist, 1897, vol. 10, pp. 87-109. KENNARD, A. S., and B. B. Woopwarp.—The Mollusca of the English Cave Deposits. Proc. Malac. Soc. London, 1897, vol. 2, Pp. 242-244. KENNARD, A. S., and B. B. Woopwarp.—-A Revision of the Plio- cene Non-Marine Mollusca of England. Proc. Malac. Soc. London, 1899, vol. 3, pp. 187-204. Lorio, P. pe.—Etude Géologique et Paléontologique de la forma- tion d’eau douce infracrétacée du Jura et en particulier de Villers-le- Lac, part 2, Description des Fossiles. dAfém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Gencve, 1865, vol. 18, 1st part, pp. 82-106, pl. 2, 3. LyELL, C.—The Students’ Elements of Geology, 1874, 2nd edition, De Quite MAanrTELL, G.—The Geology of the South-East of England, 1833. Moore, C.—On Abnormal Conditions of Secondary Deposits when connected with the Somersetshire and South Wales Coal Basin. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., 1867, vol. 23, pls. 14-17, Pp. 545-557. Morris, JoHN.—A Catalogue of British Fossils, 2nd edition, 1854. NeEwTon, R. BULLEN. — Systematic List of the Frederick E. Edwards’ Collection of British Oligocene and Eocene Mollusca in the British Museum (Natural History), London, 8vo., 1891. —.—QOn Archanodon jukest (Forbes MS.) Baily sp. from the Old Red Sandstone of Monmouthshire. Geological Magazine, 1899, pp. 245-251, with plate. NewTov, R. B.,-and G. F. Harris.—Descriptions of some new or little-known shells of Pulmonate Mollusca from the Oligocene and Eocene Formations of England. Proc. Malac. Soc. London, 1894, KO} Bers jo) GC), [98h WO=7/9[e PHILLIPS, JoHN.—Illustrations of the Geology of Yorkshire. Part 1, Seb 4 UR, IHoeriGlas)), woys5 O BS} a NEWTON : GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF NON-MARINE MOLLUSCA. 61 Reip, C.—The Pliocene Deposits of Britain. JZem. Geol. Survey United Kingdom, 1890. SANDBERGER, C. L. F.—Die Land-und Sitisswasser-Conchylien der Vorwelt, 1870-1875. —.—Ein Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Unterpleistocanen Schichten Englands. Pale@ontographica, 1880, pp. 83-104, pl. 12. SoweERBY, J. and J. bE C.—The Mineral Conchology of Great Britain. 7 vols., 1812-1846. SoWERBY, J. DE C.—Notes respecting the Shells [found in the Pur- beck and Wealden Strata]. Z¥ramns. Geol. Soc. London, 1837, ser. 2, vol. 4, part 2, pls. 21 and 22, pp. 176-179; 259, 260; and 344-347. Stopes, H.—Pleistocene Man in the Thames Gravels. Atheneum, no. 3795, July 21st, rg00, p. 93. Gives List of Mollusca by A. S. KENNARD. Tate, R., and J. F. BLakre.—The Yorkshire Lias, 1876. Woop, S. V.—A Monograph of the Crag Mollusca. Padleonto- eraphical Soc., 1848, 1850, and Supplement, 1872. —.—A Monograph of the Eocene Mollusca. Paleontographical SO, TES 9 Fo WoopDwakRbD, B. B.—Note on the Pleistocene Land and Freshwater Mollusca from the Barnwell Gravels. Proc. Geologists’ Assoc., 1888, vol. 10, pp. 355-360. .—On the Pleistocene (Non-Marine) Mollusca of the London District. Proc. Geol. Assoc., 1890, vol. xi., pp. 335-388. Woopwarpb, H. B.—The Jurassic Rocks of Britain, vol. 5, the Middle and Upper Oolitic Rocks of England (Yorkshire excepted). Mem. Geol. Survey United Kingdom, 1895. T9OI. 2, APRIL, NO. CONCHOLOGY, VOL. I0, JOURNAL OF St St wl St cl tl OL 6 & 4 «9 FG ey | SS Nee x x x SpLvinpay “A wf Sapnu snyoyoAc) SPLvupay “Y wf snyouio snyojak_a Spavapy “YW KYOQeziyq ewodopadsesc zs tg.ramoy “2 ap ‘[ siscrq (sisdourjayy) snjdysoidop SLIADET 2) pun uopmary “J “y stsusuopvay edoottys0D coe SPORE HS eee Se NISUELS) ac a0 a * sajsary eyruind viypisnelD) Poot “A ‘S euacord eipisne[ wasn p-ui2pory wanostid se19903duIe7Z AISAIQDUDS SIAd¥] (VITJVD) epjoueyyEed SUMADIY “2 “FZ WIG (eIqorpAy{) vJoudy NG srs gs SiAOPT 1194SGaM (eIqoips}{) BoUAYTE ee “IBA SACO SECT reno (eruiyitg) eyjoudug : asdagpungy einyeao eudyyig gs 4s0nj4g -D enuos (euIpnyeg) voutuissy es spapapy “a ig suyey (2) snjAouy (g4anos “gq *) snyelsjsinuay (snumjng) snwospiyduy a - dssiog (8) sisuadyry (edng) snwospryduy aqnog SNSsuo[oOAx| (snujng) snwoiprydwy Aqaamos *f snoydijo (snuijng ) snwoiprydury ee Wguamoy ‘D ap ‘f{ suedajo (sn|Aouy) snxojo10y aeliqmup UUEINTES euoyspuBy pay PIO 10 Ueru0Aeg ULTOLIAg WELTAOpPIE (Sa1nsva fT [bOD) gnosaqtU0giusg SUL, SULT 211100 (WeIpIOJXQ-vAyUT) 931190 (spagl yoeqanq) aqT100 (mapTee At) §no2oe1019 (oy oO-AorTeyay) aus00y eudd03I1O (3vaig) auod01[ gq ouV00I[ J-3S0q “Vad0d0ULSV9D xX = ” KIVWILLT 10 01020@ 1h. { AVUPMODDE 10 9107089 AVBIQIOT, AIV14.197, “4804 63 MOLLUSCA., NON-MARINE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF NEWTON : | x aa a ah car sadpysag, euuenuoie (eeuwmdy) eeuUry | s2 aca sacs nee aii 900 Spavmpay “7 “7 eysndue BRUUIT | alin oe te va “ Zassaqpuvny SIWIOJOIPOW KUTT x a ene ae pr. "DT “oy SIUUIOJIG901} stxoydaT | x aS pe a SILO] uf “F) puv uojmayy “Gg ‘Y viqnp eiuIyysT | Sale ay ae ay: yIS{t0g esoiquin (xa) erwmoisé YY | ous au sks ipnuyIs “Pf esoursiqns (xijayy{) vimtoiBA Fy | x oe ao a et 4anpy eyeuseour (xiayy) viwo0asA Py | i S a a ee an " spapalpy “| Wf SISUONIDOA XIIFT ial 506 mee oa spepapy “a uf eroyidowy xo Spavmpay “7 ig eoryjurdqeyqns xyoyy AaS4oqpUDS voryjurAqe-opnosd (snjiqois) xa “+ fusiga4Q esoqo|s-opnasd xijapy ' spipapy a i snyeydwo xox 599 oi ee SPLAvMpY “AY Wf eSNlOO XIjOH | x one 2S a (guury WINIOON] XIPH=) -ayupy edxOK] XIIFT | x aes on oe pa Spavapy “7 ff sisusuoprey xo | x sae eae see eee as. spivanp ay “7 WT 1uvgin,.p xI]P9H H x eae nae eee eee eee 3.100 fT ro) 1UOSMED XI[9H x ms a ae ae IwSSNART SUD| (X1I]AF{) BIUOpOoTa yy x oa ae " Spepapy “Y wf ewoyso1ajoy (snujng) eruuewzIe yy x i | Speumpg “7 WF eve\AaIgqe “IA wyCTIeIS09 (euneyoy) Buipury[s x are ay + fg4an05 “[ eyey[a}soo (snulI[nNg) euipurysy x ee oe ve "pool “A ‘S exaAuoo (snunjng) euipurysy % | 8 ae oR “gary vanoiynsy (X1[9H) eIO[NY | x oe sen vie yoaviuvTy eiuinw (ewo}so[a4>) BUojsossigy x as ge ae es aLoopy ‘2 Wed] (eutdioso1g ) eusodsag HE GE VAG fae tale INT I ye 2 te te at x x x JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 64. 10, NO. 2, APRIL, I90T. Or 1 tl Si ai il OF 6 8 4 9 E€ x KK KK se kM OK SUADET TD PUD UOMINT “eo eoupurAo vidsesayy Spawupy “A wf epruiny exvuwury spavmpy “q wf sinus, eeuury Spevepy “wf eyeoyns exeuuwry spavopy “q wf eyeapenbqns vxuwry “" spapapy “a Wf eyejqus eeuuwry oy “ Spapmpy uf CyOIi VRUUT * gapiusuorg siyepiureidd (aguud]) exvuwry jepiusuorg (¢) wNAO (SnouWTy) eeuUTy Spivmapy “a yf ext eeu] Agtan2os *f eur (exvuudy ) veeuuy JAvIUSUOAT eYCISISUOT (ShUUI]T) eBUUUTT SULADET a “) puv uojalayy “g “y sisuauopeay eeuUT'T Spavianpy “J Wf e\NSOqqis exeuUTy] Agsamoy *f siwu4oyisny (eceuwd'y) veuUTy pADIUSUOAT enqey (SneuWYT) eeuUT Splvmpy “a of eye|jaysoo exeuUVy "* SPLVNDY “Hf Wf CXIAUOD BRUT Ag4anos -) ap ‘f SlieyjawNjoo veuUryT Spavmpy “a if eyoulo exeuwry SprLompy a wf eyepnes exuuiry OvlInyts uLliqMes ULIDIAOPAY snodlafztuoqIeyD ULIULIOT PIO Ie ULIMOAIG (saansea py [e0D) euo}spuUeg poy ———eee AAIVUTI 10 0L0z0aN] VG SBI, SUIT ait100 (UeIpIOFXO-VAZUT) ayT00 (spag Yoeqanq) 9490 (uepTve AA) snoadv4alO (84100 toTLoyUq) auo00y ausd0SI[O (dea) ausad0l, dMID01] q-980q “Vaod0ULSV9 re - ALVEPUOIAG LO DIOZORA TL =—— Aveyray, AlveyQiay, 480] | | | x see ses) O00 sae eee soe ayv [ By v1e1V VUTJLUION | | x lees ae Gs hg4anmnos OB J eyiadv (eWIN) eULON xcs ‘ sas ge 4asd4aQpUuUuvny URIUOJUNL VI[IIN}eWaN | | ele se ae ee 908 dgran0s *D ap ‘f eyeutreoiy sisdourpayy | Xe a a2 vy se “ (g1am0y *f eyenqns sisdouraty 65 MOLELUSCA: | | x | ee ie Be Pe “" siesopy eyeulreoqns sisdourjayy | oe | ime ve ee oe ee sadvyse sipepos sisdourlayyy | | x A a ae ca ss 4ayunqg esosni sisdourpyjy, | x |x os ov te “* UOIMINT “JF “YY eye|nqns-opnasd sisdourjayy, % | 93 oe oe eS dguamos -y ap ‘f 1adod sisdourjayy, | 7s oe ae as “* aayung siwuiojyediey sisdoursyy x ae 3 pice ie “* dgsanLos *f siui1ojtsny stsdourjayy x a8 a as Buy dg4anos *) ap */ eyeutreo sisdourayy 0 oe we “ sadpysag” (¢) winjnutsonq sisdourpy; oe ge “* Ipssnany eapioutoongq sisdourayw x | X Pais he pS * dgaamos “2D ap ‘/ eyenuayye (¢) sisdourpayy x |x| ys ee ess al qeamos ‘Dd ap ‘/ 1adod (vi[ayeu10 |) vurpayy | | We op ets ou ; asday (SIN JoIseyonq) ysdu vruepyy x oon a on9 26% sisi yo, “Yy SiuieUut (¢) TIULO IN| x o00 vee 600 iets 500 adyyd vuvaskoy BIULL | x | ae ae te ae AgaanLos */ eynoe (SapluUlejog) viUL IW | | * se ue ari " aupafeg eyeuinbut (viurpayy) eiyeurpayy | xa 4 7p ae ae “IVA J4DIUSUOLT VUITJOISVD (WINIYII9) vUyeULaIW NON-MARINE OF oS 2% DISTRIBUTION GEOLOGICAL. * « | x es ae ae wa Spavinpy “7 yf snyeyuopiay snduarvyayy x a Ze as Aq.amos ‘7 sijepiuresdd (epnouny) sndwrpayy ; a oe : “* poof, ‘A “S stua10jIsny sndurvjazy x | eae oa SID] of “D puv uoponary “Gg “yy BUOpouow viidsesayy WTON u NE ~ “= Veal + Oc) > es Oe eh eer Dem u OTes Gas EB JULY, 1901. a Py) NO. 10, JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 66 Weoreer cl IL oy Gs 29 uelIiquieg in) H or) N = x x x * x x “+ sayunqg e[Npros (viqoipAy ) vursysapnyeg piviMmapoos, “YF -_F puv prvuuay \IAdI1 VUlI\SOpHyeg Aassagpuvnsy esnyqgo (e][aUuLiojy]) eUuLysepneg “““pnvypy eyeulsivul (euIpn|eg) vanysapnyeg puoy 7S solnny eyeyur (snunjng) vungsopnyeg jayinog (é) tuossinqn({ (euIpHy|eg) vulysopnieg Aassaqpuvng xosinsxid (eiqoipAf{) vUuLsepnied AULT BoIUOpeleo (eiqoipAy ) VULsapnyeg = ypoaypjapy CUNA BUTZIAN Ba ef “* sag4OuJ SIISIY VULYTION SagsOY SISUIUYJLIS VUIWON ee asdagpuvy vyernuy[d vuniiaN satoysaq (é) vuedssed vurnuan manbsaf SISUdISURIIY VUNWIN /4uUvpy \UO WY CUNLION IVSSNAMT SUINGO|S (vWWIEN) vUNUaN tassagpuvg (2) eLIJLUIWUI[N} VUQWON POOM (A ‘S ISAQGIO} VUIYLION oh G4amnosy “7D ap ‘[{ BABIUOD VULLIIN manbta J, SIUC BUIYLION manhs2 f CIMCUII CUINIIN WeLINI IB aUOspueE PI UvIUtleg UvIOIAOPIO snolajytuogie) PIO 10 weruosa(y (SernsBay_ [80D) sully sery 271100 (WeIpIoFxO-BAJUT) 24100 (Speg yooqng) 9y100 snoaoeqarQ amao0g amaoono | auad01[ g-380g (Seip) eas0iyq (9841100 Loltefzuy) (uaplea mM) “Vadod0ULSV9 —~ AIVULI 10 DLOZOB]CT a ee 9 OSS ee AIvpuodas 10 dlozosayy «= Ade tQaay, Aceiqiay, “80g 67 MOLLUSCA, OF NON-MARINE DISTRIBUTION EOLOGICAI. P NEWTON : ( Of €1 FI St GI IL OL 6 x x x POM ‘A'S esha (xt[aH) e[npruresdg apn eyerapni (xiJo{) epnpruvsdg " spavapy “qf eyeyuapsod vdng WET ard) TERE IN ATR vyeatdsyypnu edng . Spavapa “gq if ezkio edng Sag¢Of CUUSSIPIINY (VIULTIP,) SIPOvUe}Og sidsopy eyeutunor-iad (viurpoy) syovwurjog St40Jf7 ISIQIOJ (BIUL[a|_) SIpvUL}IOg “ spapnpy ‘Yq sido siqiour|g UUOAT 1kq1aMos siqiourlq Spivupy “Yq evuoysdyeyd siqiour|g SpLvopgd “TT snqeik3I[o siqiourtg s Ag4amos *f susnyqo siqiourl[g ““* g400p7 “2D stsuadipuow stqiourlg 28 JLDIUSUOAG SU SIGIOUe] | SIAVET Wf “4) pup uogmany “{ “¥Y Snjsra0ul siqiour|q “* gsann0y “ff ewMojysiuiay siqiourlg as SISEQOIUOS (snyauay ) SIq1ouR| “* sag4og \AaYsy siqiour|g * (gvamos “f snyeyduiona siqiour[g “" spavnpy -Y iyy sueBaja siqiour|q “" Spavopy “Y + SNOSIP siqiourlq spavapy “AZ snjejnsuriq stqiourld puvnbor euripyeam eskyg P87 (‘SW Seqio,) taojstiq esky SDE i MUCULY SRE Sena t " spavnpy “YY Jaqe|s sadipag JULY, IgoI. ) roe) 10, NO. JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY,. 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Wy WOM, 10); JOURNAL OF CONCHOLO 70 SS OL ST FE €L Gt IT O Go 4 9 & “ puyy ‘Af SiM1o}auNd vjoctuOgie|) g.can20s' -) ap ‘f eurinbe (o1up) BjooruoqgieD we PHIL AL S\eploqwuoy. “rea vyNoV Lfoo!uoqEL) PAS : dgLam20s */ 2NIV (OlUL)) BJooTUOGIeD sok ove pu ‘A, enbyue vjooiuoqie) xs “" qpoyyrty vyeynsur (eIUTpAed) vjoolUOGie) (vg (SW Seqio.g) tsaynf (uopouy) uopoueyaiy “" SampnT esnyqo (o1uy)) “Iva 1uoswiei|piM vAwooviyjyuy ae umotg (UOSWURIT[IM (efoIpoy,) vAtuoovryzUY Pp. ay, “YM (SIN 123[8S) 1psem vduuooviyjuy Pury ‘AL sisudtouayea vAwoovsyyuy LOGE vjayjervdqns (vjoipoyy) eAtuoovryquy 47, 0S sipeajusoqns vAwloovIyyUYy ia Be cee ojos xauas eXuloovigqyuy i soy toy eytund eXuooeiyyuy puiy Af eryoind evAmoovryyuy wosimoygiA, isdypiyd (ora) vdtmoovsyjUy a SULpNT esnjyqgo (o1ug)) vAmoovsyjUy oh 58% puury ‘A, eyeaoqo vkwooviyywy Agtaa20S -D ap ‘[ siivjorpow (orup)) eAwmooviyyuy puyy Af eyeurreo “vA vuuturu eAtoowyUy UCLIGQUIe,) UVIDIAOPIO uelIn{Ig 9U0ISPULY pay Pid 410 ULIUOAI (semnsKayy [809] snodayIM0q.1eD UvIULIe SUILT, SULT auToo [UeIpIOIxO vaAjUy] oFT00 [speg yoeqing] 241100 [a9t[oQ-qor193 07] 8N0908491D) (wapize AA] aus00y auad031[O [dvIQ] eusv001[g aua00l[q-3s0q ‘(VGOdANATAd) VLIVIHONVUSITIANVI LVLAGUIR) Io O1OZ0a eg a ——— —~- ¥ AIVPUOIEY IO OL0ZOsaTT | —S— - — Sie Tay, sieyiay, “480g 71 MOLLUSCA. DISTRIBUTION OF NON-MARINE GEOLOGICAL. 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HU CN ie CELE ae INE OB ee ts i>] re 10, NO. 3, JULY, Igol- Vv, VOL. 7 HOLOG CONC or JOURNAL 74 ‘uorjyeorjqnd sjr ur Avjep ajqeiapisuod 10} yuNode ysnut joOKF sty. “dojoysu0D fo qounof ayy ut uoKeoyqud r0F ‘oo61 Ysnsny ut ysonbax Au ye aut 0} pausnjar sem 11 [HUN ‘pajonb xAOM ayy UE UOQvIOdIODUL papuazut OF “P6QT Jo ysnsny sduIs Ajsnonurjuos ysourye r0[AV], “IY JO uorssassod ay} ut usaq suraey szoded sryj jo jdizosnuvur ay} ‘(oo61 ‘JsT£ r9quiasaq ponsst ‘Srb-Sob dd “tra yxed) ,, sajsy ysHuUg ay} Jo BosN][O]Y JoyeMysor,y pue puey sy} jo ydersouopy,, s.r0fkey, “Ay “f “AN ur porvadde Apearye sey Spasuerte ATjuorayIp Ysnoyjye ‘s}S1] Asay] UT pauTezUOS UOTeUIOJUT at] Jo Youyyy ‘IBY JUDO] 4 -JSO,f JO SB PapAPSa1 918 Safqvy asay] UL paTMpayys sotoads paq-j}saLOF YPOFIONT 24} SOVRI JO SMAIA S.tOBIOQpUBS YIM ddURpIOION UT UBT Te) we Pool “A “S Sisuayooa a ““* yajuopy Stsuapyea pool “fA “Ss Suaosauny (9.tanL05y “2 ap ‘f snyeounayqns a Poot, ‘A *S epatyeaedqns ae Sagtog Sisuduyyeys (2) Ag.ano0s “2D ap ‘f \apurjos Ag.tanLogy “FD ap ‘f suysa10d satpyseg (é) ipneqort ) kg.lamos °> ap *f tuiyeul (g.can2os °F ap *f Ijoyueu ace * YILDIUYT SI{C1O}41] SLOP ISQqys ss g.4anbos -2 ep ‘f taoynes a OC TAL Al Sy’ US|Qusee\ oluy), old), o1uy) Olu) o1uy) o1luy) ou) o1luy) oly) o1uy) o1u() ou) co) oa ou) o1uy) ‘(Vd0dANTAd) VLIVIHONVUSITIANVI AAVUITT 10 O10z0R [eg AXepuodag Lo dIOZOBaTY | x B eS |h 2S | x x x x | x | x H | x . | | x | Se | . | x | | | | x | | x | | x 3 Bola es 9 oO} Rn =Q| BE ieogclsc @ Oo; z| 2les|Ss/o/2\ = leslksles| g/S/S\2/¢ C/E Ieslesi Bg) 8 | @ releases) s/o )/8 13 | + z| 2 SE ee] & a /o% 3225/5 | 8/8 | 2 g | |S BIRS! 5 ee |e ssi (2/8 |e 5 eanieea TOL RH s¢< |}o]/o!8 = Ris |i S/S Ins |=a | Q\io Srlco oe a Ne a re] Ctlas = |& |2 Jo a) 5 5 Sloe Sis 5 i} wD =| oO = Sat | hess i | a\— Sales; | 5 ee SS SS Se SS AMBY4IIT, LIVIAIA, -480g THE MARINE MOLLUSCA AND BRACHIOPODA OF THE ISLE OF MAN. Byes. Gs BYNES MSG AND AUP RED LEIGESMEIR. (Read before the Society, February 13th, 1901). Ir has for some time occurred to us that a List of the Marine Mollusca of the Isle of Man would be useful to workers, and we here offer one as complete as we have been able to make it. It may happen that.a few species have been inadvertently omitted, but many trifling varieties have been purposely discarded. The Isle of Man, especially the area around the Calf, provides a most excellent field for molluscan work. Several rare species, e.g., Pecten incomparabilis (P. teste), Cardium minimum, Propilidium ancy- Joide, etc., may be obtained by dredging off Port Erin, where there is a Biological Station under the direction of the Liverpool Marine Biology Committee.’ Good shore collecting is obtained at Port Erin, Port St. Mary, and Fleshwick Bays, whilst dredging is most productive around the Calf and off Port Erin, Bay Fine, Fleshwick, Contrary Head, and Spanish Head. The AZelobesta ground off St. Ann’s Head is quite unpro- ductive of mollusca. We have included several species not found by us up to the present on the authority of previous writers on whom rests the responsibility for the correctness of the occurrence and identification. Such are Tellina tenuis, Paludestrina stagnalis, (Hydrobia ulve), Neptunea antigua, (Fusus antiguus) var. striata, Clathurella (Defrancia) leufroyt, and Ottna otis. Yearly Reports upon the Marine Mollusca of the Island have been compiled by one of us (A.L.), and have appeared in the Annual Reports of the L.M.B.C., and in addition we have extracted informa- tion from the following published works :— Fores, E. Malacologia monensis, Edinburgh, 1838. DaRBISHIRE, R. D. The Testaceous Mollusca, Report upon the fauna of Liverpool Bay, vol. 1, p. 232-266, 1886. HeERpMAN, W. A. Notes on the Marine Invertebrate Fauna of the Southern End of the Isle of Man, Zom cit., p. 318-341 [ Mollusca, P- 337-339]: ARCHER, F. Supplementary Report upon the Testaceous Mollusca of the L.M.B.C. District, Of. cit., vol. 3, p. 59-75, 1892. 1 We desire here to record our indebtedness to the facilities given by this Institution and to call the attention of other naturalists to them. Full particulars may be seen in the Reports of the L.M.B.C. or may be obtained either from Professor Herdman or from the Curator of the Station. 76 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. 3, JULY, Igor. HrERDMAN, W. A. and others. The Marine Zoology, Botany and Geology of the Irish Sea. ep. Brit. Assoc., Liverpool, 1896, p. 417-450 [ Mollusca, p. 442-447], and Rep. Fauna Liverpool Bay, vol. 5, Appendix. In order to render this list available for use by those who adopt the “Revised List of British Mollusca,” recently issued by the Society, as well as by those who still adhere to Jeffreys’ nomenclature, we have in those cases where they differ given both names side by side. Some of the generic names in the new list are, however, used only as subgenera, and the subgeneric terms of the new list are in most cases omitted. We desire to offer our best thanks to Professor W. A. Herdman for having looked through the manuscript of this list. We shall be pleased to receive additions or corrections. THE Mount, ASTON CLINTON, BUCKS. BRACHIOPODA. Terebratulina caput serpentis (L.) (Terebratula). — A small dead example dredged off Bay Fine. Has never been recorded living. Crania anomala (Mill.).—Living. Attached to old shells and stones, dredged three miles west of Fleshwick, also six miles west of Port Erin. MOLLUSCA. Chiton (Acanthochites) fascicularis L. C. (Lepidopleurus) cancellatus G. B. Sow. C. (Craspedochilus) onyx Spengl. (cinereus). C. (C.) albus L. C. (C.) cinereus L. (marginatus). C. (Tonicella) ruber Lowe. C. (Callochiton) levis Mont.—Vort Erin. Of these species enumerated we have never seen C. cancellatus and C. albus. ‘Their occurrence is recorded in Fauna Liverpool Bay, vol. 1, p. 338. Nucula sulcata Bronn.— Dredged in 79 fathoms, fourteen miles north-west of Port Erin, in very tenacious mud. The double shells were dead and extremely brittle. N. nucleus L. v. radiata F. & H.—Plentiful. N. nitida G. B. Sow.—-Occasionally, Port Erin. Nuculana minuta (Mull.) (Leda). Anomia ephippium L. y. Squamula L. v. aculeata Mull. v. cylindrica Gmel. BYNE AND LEICESTER: MOLLUSCA AND BRACHIOPODA OF ISLE OF MAN. |. 77 A. patelliformis L. Glycymeris glycymeris (L.) (Pectunculus). — Beautiful ex- amples dredged, abundantly and well distributed. Arca tetragona Poli.—Small examples dredged dead. Forbes (Mal. Mon., p. 42), says: “I dredged two living specimens of this fine species in twenty fathoms of water, off the coast of Ballaugh, in September, 1835. ‘They were found imbedded in the mud filling the cavities of dead Aodiole.” Dr. ‘Turton first noticed this species as British ; the locality he gives is “the Calves, west of Ireland” (Brit. Bivalves, p. 169, t. 13, fig. 1). A. (Barbatia) lactea L. Mytilus edulis L.—Small only. v. incurvata Penn.—In rock crevices, Port Erin. v. pellucida Penn.—Occasionally. Modiolus modiolus L. (Mytilus).—Very large. Common be- tween Port Erin and the Calf. M. phaseolinus (Phil.). Modiolaria marmorata Forbes. M. discors L. Ostrea edulis L. Pecten maximus [1.—Common and very large. Distributed everywhere. P. pusio L.—Dredged frequently, attached to old shells. P. varius L.—Dredged off the Calf, Port Erin, and Spanish Head. P. opercularis 1.—Very abundant and of large size, usually of a reddish-pink colour. P. tigrinus (Mill.).—Fine and good specimens, well distributed, but not common. v. costata Jeffr—Good examples in fair proportion, with the type. P. incomparabilis Risso (P. testz Biv.).—About fifty speci- mens of this rare species have been dredged in the southern area. Also many valves. P. striatus (Miull.).—Off Fleshwick. Scarce. P. similis (Lask.).—Off Spanish Head, Bay Fine, and Port Erin. Lima elliptica Jeffr.—Dredged in 24 fathoms six miles off Port Erin. L. subauriculata (Mont.).—-Alive, north of island (Darbishire). L. loscombii G. B. Sow.—-Occasionally. Off Spanish Head. L. hians (Gmel.).—Rare. North of island (Darbishire), also six miles off Port Erin. The species of Z/ma are of rare occurrence. Turtonia minuta (Fabr.) (Cyamium),—Fleshwick Bay. Astarte sulcata (DaC.). 78 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. 3, JULY, T9OI. v. scotica Mat. & Rack.— Deep water on the north coast. Rare. (Forbes). ; v. elliptica Brown. Goodallia triangularis (Mont.). (Astarte). Isocardia humana L. (cor).—Trawled off the Calf. Arctica islandica (1.) (Cyprina). Lucina spinifera Mont.—-Several dead off Bay Fine (Archer). L. borealis (L.).—Dead shells and valves common off Port Erin (Archer). Valves cast up on the beach in winter (Chadwick). Cryptodon flexuosus (Mont.) (Axinus).— Valves. Montacuta substriata (Mont.). — Occasionally on north of island and off Port Erin. M. bidentata (Mont.).—-lairly plentiful off Port Erin. Tellimya ferruginosa (Mont.) (Montacuta).—A fine example in the tuft of spines projecting from the posterior end of Zchinocardium cordatum (Chadwick). Kellia suborbicularis (Mont.).—-Very fine. Lasza rubra (Mont.).—-A few dead shells on the north of island until July, 1900, when it was found in quantity on rocks at high-water mark at Port Erin inside the empty cases of Ba/anus. ‘This habitat is given by Jeffreys. Each Aadrnuvs contained on an average four shells and several had eight. ; Lepton squamosum (Mont. ).—Valves only. L. nitidum Turt.—Several dredged. L. sulcatulum Jeffr.— Dredged off Kitterland. L. clarkiz Cl. Syndosmya prismatica (Mont.) (Scrobicularia). — Living, Port Erin. S. nitida (Mull.). S. alba (Wood). Tellina crassa (Gmel.). T. tenuis DaC.—Douglas, rare. I requent at Ramsey (Forbes). T. fabula (Gronov.)—Beach, Port Erin. T. donacina L.—Valves. T. pusilla (Phil.)—Dredged, Port Erin. Macoma balthica (I...) (Tellina). — Douglas, Ramsey, and Derbyhaven (Forbes). Donax vittatus (DaC.). Mactra stultorum L. M. (Spirula) solida L. v. elliptica Brown.—Dredged off Port Erin. Lutraria elliptica Lmk.—A fine living, and two dead but per- fectly fresh shells, at halftide on Port Erin beach. ‘Their discovery was due to the bursting of the old town sewer, which caused them to BYNE AND LEICESTER: MOLILUSCA AND BRACHIOPODA OF ISLE OF MAN. 79 be washed out of the mud in which they lived. A fresh valve dredged off Bay Fine, 1st Sept., 1900. Lucinopsis undata (Penn.).—Good shells. Venus fasciata DaC. V. casina L.—Fine examples, well distributed, several with a very thick outer lip. V. ovata Penn. V. gallina L.—Beach, Port Erin and Ramsey. V. (Dosinia) exoleta 1. —Fine dredged. V. lupina L. (lincta).—Fine dredged. Tapes virgineus (L.). T. pullastra Mont. Gouldia minima (Mont.). (Circe ).—Valves occasionally. Cardium echinatum [..— Very fine, dredged. C. fasciatum Mont. C. nodosum Turt. C. edule L. C. minimum Phil.—One large and several small examples dredged off the south coasts of island. C. norvegicum Spengl. Psammobia tellinella Lmk.— Beautifully coloured and fine shells dredged. P. ferrcensis (Chem.).—Port Erin Bay. P. depressa Penn. (vespertina).—Very small, Port Erin. Mya truncata |... Dead valves are not uncommon on the north coast (Forbes). A fine dead example dredged off Bay Fine. M. (Sphenia) binghami Turt.—One fine example dredged alive. Corbula gibba (Olivi). Solecurtus antiquatus (Pult.).—‘Two double shells and several valves, all poor, dredged one mile off the Calf. Solen (Cultellus) pellucidus (Penn).—Dredged between Bay Hine and Bradda Head. S. (Ensis) ensis L. S. (E.) siliqua L.—Very fine. Saxicava rugosa (1..). v. arctica L. v. pholadis L.—In cavities of limestone and old shells (Forbes, Mal. Mon., p. 56). : Pholas (Zirfzea) crispata 1..—In the projecting masses of hard clay, Bay-ny-Carrickey (Herdman). Pandora inzquivalvis (L.).—Dredged off Fleshwick. v. pinna Mont. (obtusa Jeffr.).—Dredged between Bay Fine and Bradda Head. Lyonsia norvegica (Chem. ).— Dredged living off Port Erin, So JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOI. TO, NO. 3, JULY, I9OI. Cochlodesma prztenue (Pult.) (Thracia). — Dredged alive, Port Erin (Darbishire). T. fragilis Penn. (papyracea Poll). off Bradda Head. T. distorta (Mont.).—One dredged. Pulsellum lofotense Sars (Siphonodentalium ).—-Dr. Chaster records (/. Conch., vol. 8, p. 11) the occurrence of six living examples in mud, trawled about five miles north-west of Peel (60 fathoms). Dentalium entalis I.._-Extremely fine living specimens dredged off Port Erin and Spanish Head (20 fathoms). D. vulgare da Costa (tarentinum).—Dead only. Patella vulgata [..—Very fine around Spanish Head and at the Sound. Many are egg-shaped in outline. v. elevata Jeffr.—Plentiful at Port St. Mary, on the rocks on each side of the esplanade. v. picta Jeffr—Abundant at Port Erin. vy. cerulea L.—Very scarce. Beautiful specimens under rocks at the Sound. Dr. Jeffreys (B.C., vol. 3, p. 240) quotes Canon Norman’s remarks (Zoologist, Oct., 1860) :—“ It will be found to be a general rule with regard to the limpet, that the nearer high-water mark the shell is taken, the higher spired, more strongly ribbed, and smaller it will be ; and that the lower down it lives the flatter, less ribbed, and larger it be- comes.” Our experience is quite contrary to this statement, for our finest examples have all been taken near high-water at the Sound and around Spanish Head. It would be interesting if members of the Society would communicate their experience in notes to the /Journad. This species in its many forms presents a most interesting field of molluscan research. Patella athletica Bean.—Abundant at Fleshwick. Scarce at Port Erin and the Sound. Very fine at Port St. Mary. Forbes and Hanley (Brit. Moll., vol. 2, p. 426) go fully into the question of the specific rank of this form. Clarke also considered it a species ; also many continental authors. ‘The chief reasons for this seem to us to be—(a), the remarkable difference from /. vulgata in the colour of the animal; (4), it is always found in rock-pools left filled with water by the receding tide; (¢), it is always covered with a long tuft of weeds, which frequently almost hides the shell. Jeffreys says of this (B.C., vol. 3, p. 237) “frequents rocks only at low water.” We have never found it at low water, but in rock-pools above half-tide. Patina pellucida L. (Helcion). y. levis Penn.—Large examples plentiful. We are strongly in- clined to raise this variety to specific rank as it differs so markedly in habitat and texture from P, pel/ucida, A small example dredged BYNE AND LEICESTER: MOLLUSCA AND BRACHIOPODA OF ISLE OF MAN. 81 “Acmeza testudinalis (Mull.). (Tectura).—Small. Port Erin. Ballaugh (Forbes, Mal. Mon., p. 34). A. virginea (Miill.). Emarginula fissura L. Fissurella grzca (L.). Trochus (Eumargarita) helicinus Fabr. — Abundant at Fleshwick. Quite absent in 1900. T. (Gibbula) magus L. — Dredged abundantly and very fine between Bradda Head and the Breakwater. v. conica Marshall—One amongst type off Bay Fine. T. (G.) tumidus Mont.—Fine specimens dredged abundantly in southern area. T. (G.) cinerarius L. T. (G.) umbilicatus Mont. T. (Calliostoma) montacuti Wood. —Very fine. T. (C.) miliare (Brocchi) (millegranus). T. (C.) granulatus Born. T. (C.) ziziphinus L. v. lyonsi Lmk.—Small. v. laevigata Sow.—Littoral and dredged Port Erin. Propilidium ancyloide (Forbes).— Dredged off the southern dis- tricts of the island. Delphinoidea (Cyclostrema) cutleriana (C].). D. nitens (Phil.).—Dredged off Killerland and six miles W.S.W. of Calf (26 fathoms). D. serpuloides (Mont.).— Douglas (Forbes, Mal. Mon., p. 20, as Skenea divisa). Abundant, living on sea-weeds at low-water in Flesh- wick Bay (Archer). Dredged six miles W.S.W. of the Calf (26 faths. ). Phasianella pullus (L.).—Dredged off Spanish Head (r5 faths. ). Lacuna divaricata (Fabr. ).—Very fine specimens, in company with Zvrochns helicinus, crawling upon rocks at Fleshwick. No doubt these had come out from under weeds. v. quadrifasciata Mont.—On fuci at low-water, rare, north coast (Forbes, Mal. Mon., p. 19). L. puteolus (Turt.).—Amongst sand in Douglas Bay, not un- common (Forbes, Mal. Mon., p. 19). L. pallidula (DaC.).—On the north coast, frequent on fuci at low- water (Forbes, Mal. Mon., p. 19). Littorina obtusata (L).—-Beautiful shells of large size and vary- ing much in colour. A pretty form, having a cross hatch marking, also occurs. L. rudis (Maton),’—In great abundance on rocky ledges, and x An account of the varieties of this species, with concise diagnoses and outline figures, such as those given by Mr. J. W. Taylor of Liwimea peregra (J. Conch., vol. 6, p. 284) would be very welcome to students, Dredged attached to stones. IP $2 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO 3, JULY, I9QOI. especially fine at Port St. Mary. Some hundreds of shells have been examined, and we find that a long series may be picked out with the type and var. g/obosa as extremes. A pretty form occurs sparingly in rock crevices with broad chocolate-coloured bands. All search for var. ugosa has failed. v. sulcata Leach.—Fairly plentiful at Port St. Mary. v. patula Thorpe.—Abundant. _v. globosa Jeffr.—-Plentiful and very fine at Port Erin and Port St. Mary. v. similis Jeffr.—Very scarce on rocks at Fleshwick. This is a most unsatisfactory variety, and should be expunged from the British List. L. littorea L. Rissoa parva (DaC.). v. interrupta Ad.— Dredged alive in quantity in sea-weeds close to shore between the Biological Station and Bradda Head. R. inconspicua Alder. R. violacea Desm. R. (Alvania) cancellata (Da.C.).—One broken specimen from deep water on the north coast (Forbes, Mal. Mon., p. 18, and Jeffr., Bi€., vol. 4, p) 10); Waken alive, Port Bim: R. (A.) reticulata Mont.—Dredged alive. R. (A.) calathus F. & H.—‘‘Isle of Man” (Packe, ade Jeffr., 1BalCoy Wl Zh JB I) R. (A.) punctura Mont. R. (A.) abyssicola Forbes. — Dredged in tenacious mud (79 faths.), 14 miles N.W. of Port Erin, and in company with Maeula sulcata. R. (Manzonia) zetlandica (Mont.). R. (M.) costata Ad. R. (Zippora) membranacea Ad. R. (Onoba) striata Ad. R. (Setia) obtusa Cantraine (soluta). R. (Cingula) semistriata Mont. R. (C.) trifasciata Ad. (cingillus).—Abundant at the Break- water, Port Erin; Bay-ny-Carrickey (Archer). Jeffreys says (B.C., vol. 4, p. 49) :—“‘ Every shade and gradation, as regards the colour and bands, may be observed.” Why, then, institute such varieties as rupestris and graphica? ‘There is, unfortunately, amongst many authors, both British and continental, a mania for making new varieties of the most triflmg nature. These can only lead to confusion, as in most instances the specimens are quite unattainable to workers. Paludestrina stagnalis (Bast.) (Hydrobia ulvaz),—Muddy places on the shore, near Castletown (Mal. Mon., p. 18). BYNE AND LEICESTER: MOLLUSCA AND BRACHIOPODA OF ISLE OF MAN. 83 Jeffreysia diaphana Alder. Adeorbis imperspicuus (Monter.). — Was dredged in April, 1893, for the first time in British seas, in 46 fathoms, nine miles west of Contrary Head (Seventh Annual Report, L.M.B.C, p. 17). Skenea planorbis (Fabr.).—Abundant at Port Erin. Homalogyra atomus (Phil.).—Sparingly at Port Erin (Archer). Capulus hungaricus (L.).—Small. Trivia europza (Mont.) (Cyprza). Natica catena (DaC.). N. alderi lorbes. N. montagui lorbes.—Very fine, dredged. Lamellaria perspicua (1..). — First found by Mr. Beaumont under stones at Port Erin. Velutina lzvigata (Penn.).— Dredged off Spanish Head and Port Erin. Cerithium (Bittium) reticulatum DaC.— One dead. C. (Triforis) perversum L.—Southern coasts. Cerithiopsis tubercularis (Mont.).—Dead. Cioniscus albidus Ad. (Aclis unica). Pherusina gulsonz (Cl.). (Aclis).—Dredged six miles W.S.W. of Calf, 26 fathoms, in fine sand. Odostomia minima Jeffr.—Dredged in southern area. O. lukisi Jeffr.—Dredged off southern coasts. O. conoidea Brocchi. O. acuta Jeffr. O. conspicua Alder.—(“Isle of Man” (Alder), Jeffr , B.C., vol. 4, Deusen and Hd Brit, Molly vollig) p: 2162). O. unidentata I. & H. O. turrita Hanl. O. plicata (Mont.). O. (Brachystomia) albella Lov. O. (B.) rissoides Han. O. (B.) ambigua (M. & R.) (pallida). O. (Ondina) divisa (J. Ad.) (insculpta).— Dredged alive in the southern area. O. (O.) warreni (Thomps.)—Port Erin. O. (Pyrgulina) decussata (Mont.). O. (P.) indistincta Mont. O.(P.) interstincta Mont. QO. (Spiralinella) spiralis Mont. O. (Pyrgostelis) scalaris Mont.—Dredged one mile west of the Calf. O. (P.) rufa var. fulvocincta Thomps.—The type does not occur, O. (Turbonilla) lactea L. 84 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. 3, JULY, I9OT. Odostomia (Turbonilla) pusilla Phil. O. (Eulimella) commutata Monter. (acicula). — Fresh ex- amples dredged off Kitterland. O. (E.) nitidissima Mont.—Dredged off Kitterland. Eulima polita (L.).—Extremely fine specimens dredged off Port Erin and in the southern area. E. intermedia Cant.—One or two. E. incurva Renier (distorta). E. glabra Costa (subulata) Don. — One dead at Port Erin (Archer). E. bilineata (Alder).—Good specimens in rough material dredged one mile off Spanish Head (10-17 fathoms). Czcum imperfectum (G. Ad.) (trachea). C. glabrum (Mont.). Turritella communis (Lmk.) (terebra).—-Small shells dredged, one being remarkably subscalariform. Aporrhais pes-pelecani (L.)—Very good specimens dredged off Contrary Head. Buccinum undatum L. Neptunea antiqua (L.) (Fusus). v. Striata Jeffr.—Mr. Heathcote states that he has obtained this form. v. alba Jeffr.—Occasionally. Tritonofusus gracilis DaC. (Fusus).—Plentiful. The shells are fine and beautifully covered with epidermis. T. propinquus Ald. (Fusus). T. jeffreysianus Fischer (Fusus). Ocinebra erinacea (L.) (Murex). Trophon muricatus (Mont.). T. barvicensis Johnston. T. clathratus (L.) (truncatus St.). Purpura lapillus I..—Never banded or orange-coloured. Often occurs with very long spire. Nassa reticulata (L.). N. incrassata (Str.). Pleurotoma (Mangilia) attenuata Mont. — Dead only. Southern coasts. P. (M.) nebula Mont.—Dredged off Port Erin (Fauna, Liverpool Bay, I., 338 and 240). P. (Hedropleura) septangularis.—A large example dredged off Port Erin. P. (Bela) rufa Mont. P. (B.) turricula Mont. Spanish Head. Living, Port Erin (Darbishire). Off BYNE AND LEICESTER: MOLLUSCA AND BRACHIOPODA OF ISLE OF MAN. 85 Teres anceps (Hichu.) (Defrancia teres).—A most beautiful specimen dredged off Port Erin. Clathurella leufroyi (Mich.) (Defrancia)—Bay Fine (Heath- cote). C. linearis (Mont.) (Defrancia),.—One alive and several dead off Port Erin and the Calf, in rough dredged material. C. purpurea Mont. (Defrancia).—Two specimens have been dredged, one very fine. Tornatina umbilicata (Mont.). (Cylichna). T. mammillatus Phil. (Utriculus). Diaphana hyalina Turt. (Utriculus).—Dredged off the Calf (15-17 faths.). : Scaphander lignarius (L.).—Very good dredged. Found also by Mr. Wallace at Ramsey (Forbes, Mal. Mon, p. 6). Bullinella cylindracea (Penn.) (Cylichna).—Southern area. Roxania utriculus Brocchi (Bulla).—Was obtained by sifting mud and debris from between stones on the beach at low-water in buckets. It was found in the material at the bottom after pouring off the water and allowing to settle. This may not be an inhabitant of the Isle of Man coasts, and may possibly have been washed in by a gale. Philine scabra (Mull.). P. catena (Mont.). P. angulata Jeffr.—Dredged off Port Erin. P. aperta (1..). Aplysia punctata Cur.—Sometimes very abundant along the northern side of Port Erin Bay between the Biological Station and Bradda Head in 5 fathoms. Also outside the breakwater; off Bay Tine ; southwards towards the Calf in to-20 fathoms. Oscanius membranaceus Mont. (Pleurobranchus).—-Com- mon under large stones in rock-pools at the Poyllvaish end of Bay-ny-Carrickey (Herdman). Pleurobranchus plumula Mont. Otina otis (Turt.).—Mr. Heathcote says in the diary of the Station (20th July, 1890) that he found this species near the breakwater, Port Erin. He, unfortunately, lost the specimen. All search by us, both there and round Port Erin, has failed to re-discover it. Forbes says (Mal. Mon., p. 29) :—‘“‘In crevices of rocks at half-tides, with Aed/ca rubra; Kirk St. Ann’s Head.” Melampus bidentatus Mont. M. myosotis Drap. NOTES OF SHELLS OBSERVED AND COLLECTED IN EAST SUSSEX: By WILLIAM WHITWELL, F.L.S. (Read before the Society, Dec. 12, 19c0). I spent three weeks in August last at the pleasant village of Horsted Keynes in East Sussex, on the south-westerly slope from Ashdown Forest to the valley (in its upper region) of the Ouse. My own special work there was botanical, though I kept an open eye for mollusca everywhere. .My nephew, J. W. Whitwell, enthusiastically devoted himself to obtaining a complete series of the shells of the district. The resulting list is a very short one, though we examined roadside banks, both rocky and herbage-covered, roadside ditches, nettle-clumps, copses, heaths, low-lying meadows, streamlet sides, pond margins, and bogs. But short as it is, it contains, judging from Mr. L. E. Adams’ ‘‘Manual,” no less than ten new specific records for yice- county No. 14, Sussex Hast. The district we worked is entirely within that vice-county, and consists wholly of Wealden sands and clays—the clays are reached by the valleys which cut deeply down between the sandstone ridges. It forms a large portion of the upper drainage area of the Ouse, and seems to have been little explored by botanists or conchologists. Either the district is very unproductive as regards slugs and snails, or the season was specially unfavourable, or my nephew and myself were personally unlucky or unskilful. As regards the weather, our visit to Horsted Keynes followed upon the intense heat of July, but its first days were signalized by the bank holiday with its drenching rains, and we had several other experiences of humidity varied with heat, such as might have been expected to bring out all the snails of the country side. But though we made a point of going out in the evenings after rain expressly to examine the hedge-banks, we found not a single slug and of land-shells three specimens only, of as many species. Our landlord stated that slugs and snails were almost unknown in the garden. Subjoined is a complete list of our gatherings, which have been submitted to Mr. J. W. Taylor, F.L.S., who has kindly confirmed or corrected our determinations. The new records for the sub-county are marked with an asterisk, and specimens of them have been deposited in the Society’s cabinet. “1. Conulus feelvus (Miill. ), one, in bed of | *4. Planorbis fontanus (Lightfoot), in ; stream below the village. pond on ridge between Horsted “2. Zonttoides excavata (Bean), one only, Keynes and Lindfield; Piplye near Piplye. ponds. Helix aspersa Miill., one dead only. oe PROCEEDINGS : AVRIL IO, I1gof. $7 *5. 2. nautileus (1. ), in same pond as road. No. 4. “11. L. stagnalis (L.). Piplye ponds; *6n ve ezzsfa (\L.), with No. 5- young. *7. P. albus (L.), pond between Horsted |*12. Z. gladbva (Miill.), wayside pools on Keynes church and the railway side road beyond the Great Pond. station road; Piplye ponds. *13. L. truncatula(Miill.), one specimen, *§. Physa fontinalts (1.), various. as No. 12. 9. Limnea peregra var. tnflata Wob., \*14. Vellettia lacustris (L.), as No. 4. affluent of Ouse, between Burnt | 15. Spheriuim corneum (L.), common. Oak and Hayward’s Heath. 16. Pesedium pustllim (Gmel.), as Nos. 10. vy. Zabtosa Jeffr.. pond between Hor- Io and 12. sted Keynes church and the station PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF GREAT BRITAIN & IRELAND. 299th Meeting, April roth, r1gor. Mr. Thomas Rogers in the chair. Donations to the Library announced and thanks voted: The usual periodicals received in exchange. x Donations to the Cabinet announced and thanks voted: A specimen of Zedima candida Marratt from the Rev. R. W. J. Smart. New Member Elected. Mr. Robert Drummond, 20. Upper Talbot Street, Blackpool. Candidate Proposed for Membership. Mr, Charles Smith Carter. Member Deceased. Mr. G. Sherriff Tye. It was reported that an invitation had been received from the Glasgow University to send representatives to its Ninth Jubilee Celebration, and further that the President and the Rev. G. A. Frank Knight had been requested by the Council to represent the Society on the occasion and had expressed their willingness to do so. Papers Read. “Cyprea chrysalis and Cyprea microdon” by J. Cosmo Melvill. Exhibits. By Mr. J. M. Williams: Cyfrea bicallosa, Oliva cuming?, O. cryptospira and var. albin. By Mr. W. J. Edwards: A fine series of Cyprviwea panthertna. By Mr. R. Standen: Balea perversa var. suecana West., from Sweden, also, on behalf of the Manchester Museum, a set of the curious bivalve Spatha hirundo from the Congo River. By Mr. J. W. Jackson: Helex votundata var. turtont and LHyalinia crystallina from Gatley Wood; elev arbustorum, subscalariform, and Z/. hortensis collected during last Easter week at Cavedale, Derbyshire (alt. 1800 ft. ). By Mr, Heathcote: Ayalinza elaber and Hy. cellaria from Grange-over-Sands. By Mr. KR. Cairns: A series of an unusual form of Ova /epida Duclos. A very large and comprehensive series of Cyprea chrysalis Wiener, C. finbriata Ginel., C. mzcrodon Auct., C. untfasctata Migh.. C. macula Ords., and C. chol- mondeleye Mely. was shewn by Messrs. Melvill, Rogers, Standen, Edwards, Hardy, Williams, and Cairns in illustration of Mr. Melvill’s paper. 88 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. 3, JULY, 1907. 300th Meeting, May 8th, rgot. Mr. Thomas Rogers in the chair. Donations to the Library announced and thanks voted: The usual periodicals received in exchange. New Member Elected. Mr. Charles Smith Carter, 172, Eastgate, Louth, Lincs. Candidate Proposed for Membership. -Mrs. Charlotte EE. Gubbins. Exhibits. By Mr. k. Cairns: Lemnea stagnalis, with reflexed lip from Hurst, Ashton- under-Lyne. Z7evia formosa Gask., from Cape Colony, collected by Dr. Beever. By the Manchester Museum: C/lauszlie from Japan and China. By Mr. Laidlaw: RAyostoma hatnes from Lower Siam. anda small shell allicd to Plectopylis or Streptaxis from the same locality. By Mr. Moss: Two specimens of Péeclopylis, one being apparently viviparous. Helix muralis from Italy and the dart extracted from it. It was resolved to have a Special Exhibit of the genus Pleurodonta at the next meeting. NOTICE BY THE COMMITTEE FOR COLLECTIVE INVESTIGATION. (Read before the Society, June 12, 1901). In accordance with the scheme which has been adopted by the Committee, a second series of five subjects for enquiry is now published. The Committee would remind members that extensive co-operation is necessary to render the scheme a success, and would request members to accord them- abundant assistance and support. i. Are Vallonia pulchella and the form cos/afa found together or separately? in wet or moist situations? do intermediate forms occur? does each form affect a particular kind of habitat ? i Do Zachea nemoralis and JT. hortensis occur together or separately? (1) in the same district, (2) in the same locality, (3) in the same kind of habitat? iii. Do Claustlia rugosa (bidentata) and Balea perversa occur together? what habitats are they usually found in? iv. Are there any constant differences between the radulz of (1) Hyalinia cellaria and H. alliaria, (2) Limnea peregra and TL. auricularia, (3) Succinea putris and S. elegans, (4) Tachea hortensis and T. nemoratis? v. Record the circumstances attending the periodical disappearance to which certain species, such as A. g/utinosa, H. fusca and V. edentula, are subject. How are such disappearances to be accounted for? Returns should reach the Secretary (A. E. Boycott, The Grange, Hereford), not later than September ist, 1902. BIBLIOGRAPHY. (LIMITED TO WORKS RECEIVED BY THE SOCIETY’S LIBRARIAN). The Nautilus, vol. 14. no. 7, November, 1900,—vol. 15, no. 1, May, 1901. **Land Snails of Cape May, N.J.,” by H. A. Piussry [Succtnea cantpestris var. vagans n.}. ‘‘Mollusca of Southern Ientucky,” by SADIE I’. Prick [list of 156 spp: ]. ‘‘New Species of Japanese Land Mollusca,” by H. A. Piuspry [Zz/oéa, Kaliella, Euconulus, Punctum). ‘‘New Records of New Mexican Snails,” by H. A. Pitspry [6 spp.]. ‘* Descriptions of New Species of Asiatic Shells,” by C. F. ANCEY [Zuhadia, Physa, Helicina). “Records of Mollusca from New Mexico, by H. A. Pitspry and T. D. A. COCKERELL. [about 25 spp.]. ‘* Conus consors Sowb.,” by C. L. WHEELER [redescribed]. ‘*‘ New Bzelemuulus and Spiraculum,” by HUGH FULTON [B. zrusc- tatus, Costa Rica, S. assamense, Khasi Hills]. ‘* New Japanese Land Snails,” by H. A. Pruspry [5 nn. spp.; zlota mercatorta and £. caliginosa distinguished ]. *©On a Genus (PAyllaplysta) new to the Pacific Coast,” by W. II. DALL [P. ¢aylor? n.sp.|. ‘‘A new Species of Pleurobranchus [californicus| from California,” by W. H. Dai. *“New Varieties of Physa ancillarta Say,” by B. WALKER [v. magnalacustris and v. crassa]. ‘*New Pisédia,” by V. STERKI [P. ¢enuisstmum, Michigan, P. monas, Mich., P. streatort, Ohio}. ‘‘ Shells of the Marl-Deposits of Aroostook County, Maine, as compared with the living forms in the same locality,” by O. O. NYLANDER [list of fossil and living forms]. ‘* Notices of some New Japanese Land Snails,” by H. A. Pitspry [4z/ota n. sp. and n. var., Z7¢shoplita, n. var., Claustha 6 nn. spp. ]. “© A contribution to West Coast Conchology,” by H. HemMpHiLi [general intro- duction, European and American forms compared]. ‘‘ A New Avuieicola,” by B. WALKER [A. @tsonz, Niagara R., N.Y.]. ‘‘ Exotic Mollusks in California,” by J. KEEP [few spp. apparently introduced]. ‘‘ Notices of New Japanese Land Snails,” by H. A. Priuspry [5 new forms described]. ‘‘A New Lyvopecten,” by W. H. DALL [Z. d@ellerz, Rio Dell horizon, Eel R., California). *‘A Contribution to West Coast Conchology,” by H. HEMPHILL [He/zv 5 nn. varr.]. ‘‘A new species of Srdemarginula from California” [.S. yates77], by W. H. Da... ‘‘ Variations in Odostomia,” by H. W. WINKLEY [O. tiipressa, O. bésu- turvalis, and O. trifida, probably one species]. ‘‘ Notices of new Japanese Land Snails,” by H. A. PinsBry [eléctna osumiensis, Vertigo hiraset, Bulimtnius eucharistus, B. luchuanus, Eulota (A¢gtsta) martensiana, E. (Plectotropis) tnor- nata). “Descriptions of Two New Species of Glandina,” by H. VENDRYES [C. fay/ort, G. deflorescens, Jamaica]. ‘‘Polygyra stenotrema without a lip notch,” by H. A. Piuspry. ‘A contribution to West Coast Conchology,” by H. HEMPHILL (concludet). ‘* New North American Spheria,” by V. STERKI [S. crassum, S. walkert, Michigan]. ‘‘A New Pxzna from California,” by W. H. Datu [Afzna oldroydi |. ‘* Alasmodonta marginata and A. truncata,” by C. L. WHEELER [former from Atlantic slope, latter from Ohio]. ** New Jamaican Urocoptide,” by H. VENDRYES [Cy/ndrella, 6 nn. spp. figd. ]. “Notes on MMeseschiza grosvenoriz Lea,” by A. A. HINKLEY [probably young of Angitrema armigera Say). ‘‘The Subspecies of Pyramidula alternata,” by H. A. PrIusBry [7 recognized]. Records of the Australian Museum, vol. 4, no. 1, March, 1901. ** Ctenostieon pectinifor mts, Schlotheim,an Australian Fossil,” by KR. ErHERIDGE, Jr. [description and notes]. ‘‘Some New or Unfigured Australian Shells,” by C. 90 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. 3, JULY, 190!. Hepiey [Pkdlobrya tatet, Pertploma micans, Sarepta? tellineformis, mm. spp-, figd.]. ‘* Aperture of Corzelarta,” by R. EYHERIDGE, Jr. [inflection of distal end]. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, parts 2-3, March-Aug., Sep.-Dec., 1900. ‘* Notices of new Japanese Land Snails” [Key to 4Zyceus ; 4 nn. spp-]. “ New South American Land Snails’ [9 nn. spp.. many figd.] ‘* Note on the Australian Pupide ” [4 genera diagnosed with key and figures]. ‘‘ Note on Polynesian and East Indian Pupidee” [4 genera, with sections characterised]. ‘‘ Additions to the Japanese Land Snail Fauna, II.” [6 nn.spp. described and figd.]. “‘ Notes on cer- tain Mollusca of South-Western Arkansas” [Figs. of Plesrocera elevatum and Gonto- basis plebeius),” by Tl. A. PILSBRY. ‘“* Lower California Species of Celocentrum and Berendtia,” by H. A. PILSBRY [C. césenianum, n. sp.}. ‘* Sonorvella, a New Genus of Helices,” by H. A. PILSBRY [type EBpiphragmophora hachitana Dall, New Mexico, Arizona]. ‘* On the Zoo- logical position of Parvtula and Achatinella,’ by H. A. Pitspry [New scheme of classification; these genera in group Orthurethra]. ‘‘ The Genesis of Mid-Pacific Faunas,” by H. A. Pitspry [Hypothesis advanced of a palzozoic or early mesozoic mid-Pacific continent]. ‘A Partial Revision of the Pupze of the United States,” by H. A. Prrspry and E. G. Vanarra [Several nn. varr. figd.; catalogue of species and sub-species]. ‘‘ Additions to Japanese Land-Snail Fauna ii.,” by H. A. Pirspry [Zaptyx; Tyrannophedusa, nn. sectt., several nn. spp. figd. }. Journal and Proceedings of the Hamilton Scientific Association, no. 16, 1899-1990. ; “‘Malacology,” by Col. C. C. GRANT. Geological Survey of Canada, Annual Report, vol. 10, 1897. ‘©On some Cambro-Silurian and Silurian Fossils from Lake Temiscaming, Lake Nipissing, and Mattawa Outliers,” by H. M. At. 5 Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, vol. 24, part 2. “Definitions of two new species of South Australian Polyplacophora,” by EDWIN Asuby [Jschnochiton (Stenochiton) pallens, Callochiton rufus, figd.]. ‘* Definition of a new species of South Australian Polyplacophora,” by M. M. MAUGHAN [CAzton oruktus, figd.]. ‘‘Descriptions of new genera and species of Australian Mollusca (chiefly Tasmanian),” by RALpu Tate and W. L. May [33 nn. spp.]. Memoirs and Proceedings of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, vol. 45, part I, 1901. ‘“Note on @Orbigny’s figure of Onychoteuthis dussumiert,” by W. E. HOYLE [tuberculated surface perhaps of same nature as in Lefedoteuthis and Onychoteuthis megens |. ‘‘Ergebnisse einer Reise nach dem Pacific (Schauinsland, 1896-97). Die Opistobranchier,” by Dr. R. Bercu [12 spp. Archidoris nyetea, Aeolidiella adrusilla, A. faustina, nm. spp.. Samla n.g. for S. annuligera, n. sp.]. ‘Zoological Record, Mollusca 1899,” by E. R. SyKEs. Millport Biological Station, Communications, 1, November, 1900. “Collecting Trip in S.S. Garland. with list of Mollusca obtained,” by Rev. G. A. FRANK KNIGH?Y. “Glycogen of Snails and Slugs, in morphological and physiological correspon- dence with the lymph system of Vertebrates,” by C. CREIGHTON. ‘‘Spinning Molluscs” (Zoologest, no. 709, July, 1900), by H. Wattis Kew [An abstract of our knowledge on this subject in Mollusca other than the slugs treated of in the author’s paper, read before the society, June 13, 1900]. “Exotic Mollusca in California,” by R. E. C. SrearNs [12 imported spp. with notes]. BIBLIOGRAPHY. Ol ‘(Descriptions of new species of Japanese Land Shells” [14 nuspp.. un- figured], by G. K. GupE (dim. and Mag. Nat. Fist. (7), vol. 6, p. 395-401, and 453-456). “Description of a new species of Plectopylis [7?. /epida) from Tonkin,” by G. K. Gupk (Anz. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), vol. 5, p. 313): ““ Description of Two New Species of Helicoid Land Shells,” by G. Kk. GuDE [Zpiphragmophora dormert, Paraguay; Sesara montleyitensis, Burma]. “A list of the Slugs and Snails found at Sutton Coldfield,” by ALserr Woop. Report of the Manchester Museum, Owens College, 1899-1900 [Records purchase of duplicates of Layard collection]. “The Land and Freshwater Shells of Guernsey,” and ‘‘ Additional Land and Freshwater Shells of Guernsey,” by E. D. MARQUAND. La Feuille des Jeunes Naturalistes, no. 365, March. rgor. ““Liste de coquilles . . . recueillies aux environs de Cancale (fi7),” by H. MARTEL [30 spp. L.F.W.]. “‘Le Pupa (Torguella) similis Brug. (P. cinerea Drp.),” by E. MARGIER. Science Gossip, vol. 7, nos. 83-84, April-May, Igor. **Land and T'reshwater Mollusca of Hampshire,” [con-/ided| by L. E. ADAMS and B. Bb. Woopwarp. The Irish Naturalist, vol. 10, nos. 5, 6, May-Jun,. Igor. **Notes on the Mollusca of Co. Leitrim,” by P. H. Grigrson. — ** Planorbis corneus in Co. Sligo,” by Rk, WELCH. “Amphipeplea glutinosa im the Bann,” by W. A. GREEN. —_-—___ $+ @e-— — Reversed Helices recently found in Lancashire.—Hearing through my friend, Mr. Kk. Welch, of Belfast, that a gentleman in Blackpool had recently found several reversed and scalariform shells in that district, I put myself in communica- tion with him, and am pleased to record and exhibit the following shells, all found by Mr. R. Drummond, of Blackpool :—Helix nemoral/s m. stndstrorsum, 12345, 12345, 00300. One dead specimen and two living ones. Found between Black- pool and Fleetwood. (12)3(45), 12345, 12045, 00300. Four specimens of which only the last one was alive. Found between Southport and the mouth of the river Ault at Hightown. Heléx aspersa m. stntstrorsum. One dead specimen found at the bottom of a wet ditch, outside an old garden, at Little Layton near Blackpool. Also one living specimen found amongst hundreds of others in an old garden near Churchtown, Southport, when the trees and hedges were being uprooted to level the ground, In addition to the above, Mr. Drummond also found both at Southport and Blackpool a good number of scalariform A. ezeoralis, some extremely high in the spire with very deep sutures. Amongst the Southport shells I also find two specimens of the peculiar extension of the mouth after maturity, as found by me last September, at Bundoran, county Donegal. All the above shells have been found within the last two to three years. Seeing the limited number of /7. xemovalis found on the Blackpool and Southport coasts compared with the large quantities found at Bundoran , a find of seven reversed HA. zemoralis, three of which were alive, is very remarkable, and leads us to hope that others will be as successful if they will only work these districts thoroughly.—Epwarp Co.uirr, Feb. 27, 1901 (Read before the Society, March 13, 1901), ON THE MUCUS-THREADS OF LAND-SLUGS. By H. WALLIS KEW. (Read before the Society, June 13th, 1900). For some time past the writer has been attempting to get together the scattered information concerning the mucus-threads of slugs, shell-bearing molluscs, planarians, etc.: animals of creeping locomotion, ordinarily leaving a slime-film in their path. The phenomena presented, though not of wide importance, are of some curiosity; and it is found that the threads in question, though often merely of locomotory mucus, may yet serve for progression, during descent or ascent, through air or water, and may be retraversed by the animals. I have submitted a paper to the “Zoologist” (ser. 4, vol. 4, p. 289-320, 1900) on the threads of shell-bearing molluscs and sea-slugs, and to the ‘“‘Naturalist” (1900, p. 307-317) on those of planarians; and the present paper, from considerations of space, deals with land- slugs only. It is mainly bibliographical; but I have ventured to detail a few observations of my own, and have been permitted to give a few others communicated by correspondents. For help with papers in languages other than English, and in other matters, Iam much indebted to the kindness of Mr. G. Kk. Gude. PART I. BIBLIOGRAPHY. 1. Lister, M. Historie Animalium Angliz, 1678, p. 129-30. On one occasion, about the month of June, Lister observed slugs, in dark woods, hanging from the branches of trees, each on a single ‘thread, two feet long, made of their own slime. The animals per- tained to the author’s Zzman cinereus maximus striatus & maculatus : our Z. maximus or possibly L. arborum. 2. Hoy, T. Account of a Spinning Limax, Zrans. Linn, Soc., vol. Ty HOU) PL WHG—=5), A slug was found suspended from a Scotch-fir: It was hanging by one line only, which was attached to its tail. This line or thread at a distance of one inch and a half from the animal, appeared to be as fine as those spun by the dvanea diadema, ut nearer to its body it was thicker; and, at its junction to the tail, was broad and flat, exactly corresponding to the tail itself. The Slug was four feet below the branch from which it was suspended, and at the distance of four feet and a half from the ground; to which it was approaching gradu- ally at the rate of an inch in about three minutes, slower considerably than its ordinary motion, either upon the ground or even in ascending the trunk of a tree, not so slow, however, as one would expect, if it is considered that a slug is not furnished . with a particular reservoir of glutinous liquid, . . . but that the line by which it descends, is drawn from that slimy, glutinous exudation gradually secreted from its pores, and covering its whole body. It seemed to require a great degree of exertion KEW: ON THE MUCUS-THREADS OF LAND-SLUGS. 93 in the animal to produce a continual supply of this liquid, and to make it flow towards its tail. For this end it alternately pushed out its head, and drew it back again below its shield; turning it as far as possible, first to one side and then to the other, as if thereby to press its sides, and so to promote its secretion. This motion of the head in a horizontal direction to one side, made its whole body turn round; whereby the line by which it hung was necessarily twisted, and from being flat became round. Besides, it might perhaps tend to draw off the glutinous matter, and thus lengthen the line; which could scarcely be effected merely by the weight of the slug. The animal is characterised as Zimax (filans ) cinereus margine flavo ; and has been variously referred to Agriolimax agrestis, Limax flavus, and LZ. arborum; and Mr. Roebuck has suggested to me that it may have been Arion subfuscus. It is certainly not a distinct kind of slug distinguished by the faculty of making thread, the spinning-slug (Limax filans) of authors being a myth—a name applied to any slug observed to spin. Férussac erroneously supposed Hoy’s slug to be necessarily identical with spinning-slugs of Latham (4); these belonged to Agr. agrestis, and were referred by Latham to a variety of that species—Limax albus clypeo flavescente Muller. This variety, sub- sequently named Z. agrestis var. filans by Moquin-Tandon, has been raised to the rank of a species by Mabille as Z. fr/ans. 3. Shaw, G. Zom. cit., p. 185. Shaw adds a note made in 1776: Sitting in an arbour about eight feet high I was amused with a very uncommon spectacle, which I at first took for a Caterpillar hanging by its thread, and reaching to within a foot of the ground; . . . ona nearer view I perceived it, to my great surprise, to be a small Slug, about three-quarters of an inch in length. It hung by the extremity of its tail, and gradually descended till it almost touched the ground, when I shook it off with my finger. This observation and that of Hoy make it clear, Shaw says, that the animals of the genus ‘‘ Zzax” have a power of occasionally managing their glutinous excretion in such a manner as to serve the purpose of a thread in a direct descent. 4. Latham, J. Observations on the Spinning Limax, Of. ciZ., vol. 4, 1798, p. 85-9. Latham records observations made by Montagu on Agriolimax agrestis: On my friend’s putting one of them on the projecting frame of a window, it imme- diately crawled forwards till it came to the projecting angle, from whence, without attempting to fix itself by its fore parts to any thing, it became visibly suspended by a thread from its tail. “When it had descended about two feet, the Colonel took it up by the thread, and carried it to a distant room; but in trying to fix it afresh . . the thread broke. He then put it on a frame about four feet from the ground; in a few minutes it was again suspended, and observing by his watch, descended at the rate of three inches and a half in a minute. . . . When the Slug was near the ground, an attempt was made, by taking hold of the thread near to the body, to fix it afresh, but the thread again broke, as it did likewise on being tried three other times with the same view, each time the Slug having nearly reached 04 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. 3, JULY, I90T. the floor. At last he fixed the end to a stick, by which he was enabled, by turning the stick round, to wind up the thread faster than it was produced. The thread; however, soon broke, and after these trials, although the Slug made several attempts to spin, it as often fell to the ground; on which it was put into wet moss, and the next day seemed so far to have recovered . . . as again to go through the former experiments. . . . The secretion, of which the thread was formed, was wholly from the under parts, and not from the back or sides; . . . nor did it proceed from any orifice in the tail, for in some experiments it was suspended by the tip of the tail, at other times from full an eighth of an inch on one side of it. It was by means of an undulating motion of the belly, similar to that in the act of crawling, that the flow of the viscous secretion was produced towards the FiG. 1. After Latham, Tyans. Linn. Soc., vol. 4, 1708, pl. 8, figs. 1-4. The paper is accompanied by drawings which I have copied in fig. 1. The author thought it possible that every sfeczes of “Limax” was able to spin. Montagu had noticed, however, that some /vd?viduals could not be induced to do so. 5. Cuvier, G. Mémoire sur la Limace (limax) et le Colimacon (helix), Azn. Mus. Hist. Nat., vol. 7, 1806, p. 146. La /imace a encore sur son extrémité postérieure une petite ouverture qui manque au coléwazon, et dV’ olt sort de temps en temps une espece de mucosite qui se desséche aisément, et dont I’ animal se sert pour se suspendre aux divers corps. Limax= Arion; it isa mistake to suppose the caudal-gland to be concerned in spinning. 6. Davies, H., 7 Pennant’s British Zoology, vol. 4, 1812, p. 76. A slug observed suspended trom a projecting part of a building. KEW: ON THE MUCUS-THREADS OF LAND-SLUGS. 95 7. Férussac. Histoire Naturelle générale et particuliere des Mol- lusques terrestres et fluviatiles, 1819, p. 34-6, 73-4. Férussac chiefly observed Agriolimax agrestis of which he figures a suspended individual (fig. 2). He is the first to regard the thread as a continuation of the slime-trail of ordinary progression: Les esptces que nous avons examinées se laissent tomber sans la moindre hésitation, lorsqu’ elles veulent arriver 2 un plan inferieur. Elles attachent aux corps qu’ elles quittent, I ex- trémité d? un fil, ou mieux de la lame muqueuse qw elles laissent habituellement sur les surfaces, et qui est transsudée par les pores du plan loco- moteur; cette petite Jame se continue en un fil plat et triangulaire de la forme de la partie ter- minale de ce plan. Mais bientot ce fil change de forme par suite des efforts combinés que fait cet animal, et qui tendent a le tirer, a V arrondir, en méme temps que les cOtés du plan locomoteur se contractent sur le véritable pied, qui par un mouvement d’ ondulation amene vers sa pointe, out se file le petit cable, toute la maticre muqueuse que la contraction latérale peut produire. 8. Bree, W.T. Spinning Slugs, Zow- don’s Mag. Nat. Ffist., vol. 2, 1820, -p. 69. haves before sneer aesiio which I discovered suspended by the tail from the leaves of a tree for the space of about a foot or more. . . . I have several times met with these spinning slugs suspended by their threads. HIG. 2: After Férussac, Hist. Nat. gen. et part. Mollusques terr. et fluv., 1819, pl. 5. fig. 9. 9. M. Spinning Slugs, Zo cit., p. 303. On very many occasions have I observed the descent of the common grey and common green-bellied slug [sic] from trees and bushes,. . . . any small snail [slug], in good health, can let itself down from almost any height to the ground, by the tenacity of the slime exuded retromissively from the pores of the belly. The same muscular motion of the belly, exerted on giving motion to this footless animal on the ground . . . isalso exercised in the air; adding thereby to the length of the suspending line till they reach the ground. 10. Bouchard-Chantereaux. Catalogue des Mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles observes jusqu’a ce jour 4 I’ état vivant dans le Département du Pas-de-Calais, AZém. Soc. a? Agric., &¢., Boulogne- sur-Mer (2), vol. 1, 1837, p. 166. ‘The author several times saw young Z. ardorum descend from one branch of a tree to another. ‘The creatures, with the posterior part of the foot fixed to the branch they wished to leave, were seen stretching out the anterior parts as if seeking for a support; and not finding one they commenced a descent, during which the foot 96 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. 3, JULY, I9QOT. exhibited the same undulatory movement seen on the foot of a slug crawling on a piece of glass. 11. d’ Orbigny, A., 7 Webb & Berthelot, Histoire Naturelle des Iles Canaries: Mollusques, 1839, p. 48. Limax carinata, @ Orb. (Teneriffe) is figured let- ting itself down from a twig (fig. 3). It is an Amalia: (young of A. gagates ?). 12. Gray, J. E., 7 Turton’s Manual of the Land and Fresh-water Shells of the British Islands, 1840, }). 115. A statement about the formation of a thread, derived from I‘leming’s “British Animals,” 1828, p. 256, and relating to Agviolimax agrestis, is placed by mistake under Zemax flavus. 13. Clarke, B. J., 7 Thompson’s Catalogue of the Land and Fresh-water Mollusca of Ireland, widest Ann. & Mag. Nat. Ffist., vol. 6, 1841, p. 203-5. — After A. d'Orbigny, ra : es epee oan 7 Webb & Berthelot’, Clarke writes of Agr. agrestis, referring to the Hist. Nat. des Iles yellowish young as Limax filans : Se eae I had the gratification of seeing them repeatedly let themselves drop down to the table from the lid of a tin box, where for the purpose of taking some drawings of the different varieties they were held. A similar feat was performed by the full-grown and dark varieties, which were on the same box with Zzmawx fi/ans, but they did not appear to possess the same facility, and were more reluctant in resorting to this expedient for escaping from the confined space on which they were placed. Limax carinatus |=Amatia sowerby?| placed on a laurel, made use of the same means of conveying itself to the ground; and any spinning slug, it is added, if left on an evergreen or other uncongenial tree soon escapes by a thread. 14. Laurent & d’Orbigny. vr. Proc. Verb. Soc. Philom. Paris, 1841, p. 118. Laurent referred, incidentally, to “Zzmax fil/ans,” and d Orbigny recalled that he had recorded spinning by Lemax canartensis |[=L. fiavus|. He used the name, possibly, in mistake for “Zax carinata” (II). 15. Binney, A. Descriptions of some naked air-breathing Mollusca inhabiting the United States, Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., vol. 4, 1842, p. 168=71, 17.5. Agr. agrestis suspends itself head downwards, and lowers itself from plants and fences by forming a mucous thread. It is occasionally seen in this situation in rainy weather. 4gvr. campestris, also, suspends itself; and a small Az7on, in the neighbourhood of Boston, exhibits the same faculty; as also does Pallifera dorsalis, KEW : ON THE MUCUS-THREADS OF LAND-SLUGS, 97 16. Clarke, B. J. On the species of the genus Limax occurring in Ireland, Aun. & Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. 12, 1843, p. 341. The young of all our British species “have the power of using a thread until they attain that size when the weight of their bodies be- comes too great”; they then invariably fall when the tail approaches the edge of the object from which they allowed themselves to slide. The author had made the following species spin: Z. arborum (young), Amalia sowerbyt (young), Agr. agrestis (young and adult), Arion -hortensis (young and adult), and A. ater (young only). . 17. Macgillivray, W. History of the Molluscous Animals of the counties of Aberdeen, Kincardine, and Banff, 1843, p. 77. L.. flavus: 1 suspect that this may be a perpetuation of the error of Gray (12). 18. Morelet, A. Description des Mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles du Portugal, 1845, p. 38. Limax squammatinus—stated by authors to be Geomalacus angut- formis—suspends itself by a thread. 19. Saunders, W. W. Singular habits of Limax filans, Zoologis?, vol. 8, 1850, p. 2825. A slug can turn upon its suspensory thread and ascend it : A short time since I noticed in a greenhouse . . . a small slug . gradually descending head foremost to some plants placed on a stand below . I noticed my interesting acquaintance descend several inches in a few minutes; and when it had completed a suspending-thread of fully eighteen inches in length, I quite unintentionally put an end to its progress, by examining its outstretched eyes too closely with a magnifying lens. After this affront the slug commenced a retreat, which it got about by curving the head portion of the body upwards and inwards, until it touched the hinder portion of the body, a part of which it actually climbed up, and then took to the suspending-thread, advancing up the thread several inches with great facility, although the thread at the time was oscillating con- siderably with the draught of air through the greenhouse. “TZ, filans” here is probably Agr. agrestis. A statement in Tate’s “Tand and Freshwater Mollusks of Great Britain,” 1866, p. 79, is evidently derived from Saunders; the facts are applied, however, to L. arborum, 20. Binney, A. ‘Terrestrial air-breathing Mollusks of the United States, vol. r, 1851, p. 175; vol. 2, 1851, p. 4-5, 22-42. In addition to the information already given (15), Binney notes that young of Z. flavus (introduced from Europe), and those of Philomycus careliniensis suspend themselves by threads. He writes further: During the whole operation the locomotive disk is in active undulatory motion, in the same manner as when in ordinary progression. . . . The slug often pauses in its descent, and extends its tentacles and its whole body in various directions, as if seeking some object on which to make a lodgment. The faculty of suspending themselves in this manner indicates that they pass some part of their G 98 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. 4, OCTOBER, I9QOI. lives on trees, from which they can thus make a convenient descent to the earth. . . . It may serve also as a means by which they can suddenly escape from the attacks of their enemies, and particularly of birds. . . . They often remain suspended in mid-air for a time, and it is not unlikely that there is some pleasurable sensation connected with the act, which induces them thus to prolong it. We have seen the descent actually practised by every one of our Atlantic species. Binney gives, without description, a wood-cut of a slug descending from a twig (fig. 4). ‘The information is repeated by W. G. Binney (Terrestrial air-breathing Mollusks, vol. 5, 1878), and the figure is said to represent Agr. campestris; after the statement ‘we have seen the descent actually practised by every one of our Atlantic species,” is added “as well as by the large Pacific A7zo- imax ;” but this is a mistake, for Mr. W. G. Binney tells me that he has not seen Ariolimax suspended. Dr. Cooper has stated that Avtolimax columbianus, in dense damp forests near the Pacific, ‘““not unfrequently drops from the trees ;”? but this, as Dr. Cooper informs me, does not mean that the creature lowers itself by a thread. 21. Forbes & Hanley. History of British Mollusca, vol. 4, 1853, p. 287. “Arion flavus” —probably Arion mint- mus—suspends itself. Fic. 4. 22. Reeve, L. Land and Freshwater After Binney, ‘Terrestrial Air- Breathing Mollusks of the United Mollusks indigenous to or naturalized — States, vol. 1, 1851, p. 175. in the British Isles, 1863, p. 26. Limax maxtmus—size not indicated—escaped from a glass on a mantel and let itself down into the fender, a distance of 3~4 feet, in about five minutes. 23. Harte, W. Note on certain movements of the Limacidee, Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. Dublin, vol. 4, 1865, p. 182: Some time since my attention was caught by a slug descending from the branch of a tree in my garden, and which had lowered itself by a thread some three or four feet. . . . I observed one fact which I believe is new, viz., that they possess the power of re-ascending by means of the same thread; and I am inclined to think that this accounts for the fact of their being so seldom seen descending. The leaving the branch in the first instance I believe to be altogether an involuntary act. A slug descends by creeping along a drooping branch, when it comes to the extreme point of which it may be seen projecting over the end, seeking for fresh footing, its body meanwhile slipping down by gravitation; and at last, having lost its hold, it is supported only by means of a thread. . . . It continues to descend by gravitation alone; and if the condition of the animal, or the atmosphere, is not t Cooper, “ Nat. Hist. of Washington Territory,” 1859, p. 377, ne KEW : ON THE MUCUS-THREADS OF LAND-SLUGS. 99 favourable . . . it stops after having lowered itself a few inches. The body is then slightly curved upwards; and after seeking for a while for a landing place, it is coiled into a spiral form, from the centre of which the head is elevated along the thread, and the position of the animal becomes reversed; . . . the animal then ascends with a tolerably even gyratory motion, the ‘‘slack” of the thread sometimes accumulating below the tail. Having inverted a branch of a weeping ash tree with several forks on it, into a flower pot, and by putting some of the slugs upon the branches, I have never found any difficulty in getting them to descend, sometimes as much as five or six feet. The slug which I have found to possess this power is the small grey garden slug, particularly the whitey-brown, or yellowish-grey one (Limax arborum). . . . Ihave had as many as four suspended from a forked branch at the same time, three of which returned a distince of five inches, and one two inches, and all reached the branch, and crept along it again. They are very apt to return shortly after they have commenced to descend. . . . To perform the experiment of getting the slugs to do this, they should be collected the day before, and kept under a glass shade, as the secretion is too thin to forma sufficiently strong thread for their support if they are gorged with food. The slug referred to—certainly not Z. arborum—is doubtless Agr. agrestis. Yam indebted to Dr. Scharff for an opportunity of seeing this paper. 24. Tate, R. On the Land and Freshwater Mollusca of Nicaragua, American Journ. Conch., vol. 5, 1870, p. 154. Agriolimax americanus (Nicaragua) can suspend itself. The name has been referred (with Agr. campestris, etc.) to Agr. levis. 25. Tye, G.S. Molluscan Threads, Sczence Gossip, 1874, p. 49-52. A paper dealing with the mollusca generally; as regards slugs the author refers to Bouchard-Chantereaux, Reeve, etc. When a snail crawls (either a terrestrial or an aquatic species) it leaves behind it a trail of mucus, which it discharges for the purpose of lubricating the foot in its passage over any surface, and if the continuity of this mucus be not ruptured, we have a thread in all respects analogous to those I am speaking of. This remark is noteworthy for the author was unacquainted with Férussac (7) who suggests the same fact. 26. Harte, W. Molluscan Threads, Zom., cit., p. 117. Harte calls attention to his paper (23): . If, when it has descended some distance, say eight or ten inches, the finger moistened with a slightly saline solution—say saliva—is applied to it beneath, it deliberately turns itself up . . . and re-ascends by a steady motion ‘ If there is no projection of the edge of the branch to throw it off, it scarcely ever fails to land upon the branch and return the way it came. . . . I do not believe the thread is used as a means of voluntary descent, but that being frequently sub- jected to the mishap of slipping off, they have acquired the power of recovering themselves in this way, which they do so systematically as to leave no doubt about its being a voluntary action enabling them to avoid descending into water, or anything injurious. 27. T., R. S. .Slug-threads, Of. cit., 1875, p. 190: - . Ina greenhouse, from a vine-leaf which was within a few inches of the glass and about four feet from the surface of the water in a tank, a slug was hanging by a thread, which was more than four feet in length [?] . , . The thread, Too JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. 4, OCTOBER, I90OI. which was highly elastic, was increased about three inches in a minute. The slug was white, and about one and a half inches in length. 28. Daniel, J. E. Thread-spinning by Slugs, Zom. ctt., p. 206. 29. Jousseaume, F. Faune Malacologique des environs de Paris, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1876, pp. 31, 109-11. Jousseaume observed the descent of “Zimax gaudefroyi”—=Arion subfuscus; and supposed, erroneously, that the mucus used came from the caudal-gland. He also refers to the descent of ‘Zzmacella fulva” =Linax fulous, Norm., and of “Limacella brunnea,’=Agriolimax Jevis. The thread of the last-named attained a length of several decimetres before breaking. 30. Eimer, T. Ueber fadenspinnende Schnecken, Zoo/. Anz., vol. 1, 1878, pp. 123-4. Eimer saw, in his garden, in the early morning sun, Agr. agrestis lowering itself by a long thread from a leaf of a mulberry. It was hanging at a distance of about a metre from the leaf. The thread continued to increase in length, but the animal fell when about a foot from the ground: the thread at that moment being about six feet long. The author is the first to suggest that slugs chiefly spin when they find it necessary to escape from exposure to the rays of the sun, etc. The thought occurred at once, he says, that the slug, sitting upon the leaf, had been surprised by the sun, and had adopted this means of with- drawing from the unpleasant influence. On being placed on a grass stem, held vertically in the hand and exposed to the sun, the creature soon crept to the lower extremity, and became suspended on a thread, which broke after attaining the length of abouta foot. Eimer repeated this experiment, and found that the slugs sometimes made a thread and sometimes fell without one; both these cases happened when the slugs had no chance of creeping into the shade; when they had this chance they availed themselves of it. After communicating his observations to the Wtrtemberg Natural History Union, Eimer heard from a correspondent that a gentleman, whose bean fields were much infested with slugs, had dusted the creatures with lime, with the result that each slug so treated crept quickly to the edge of the leaf on which it was sitting, spun a thread, let itself down to the earth, and soon died. Repeating this experiment, Eimer found that Ayr. agrestis, when dusted with lime, exhibited great alarm, and quickly descended by a thread. 31. Tye, G.S. Molluscan Threads, 7, Conch., vol. 1, 1878, pp. 40I-T5. Tye repeats his paper (25), with additions including references to Hoy (2), Shaw (3), Binney (20), and Harte (26). He had witnessed KEW: ON THE MUCUS-THREADS OF LAND-SLUGS. 1of the descent of Agr. agrestis and Arion hortensis; and was satisfied that the habit was common to all slugs: Mr. Harte says that if a slug be gorged with food, the slimeis . . . not able to sustain it ; but if kept over-night without food, it performs well next morning. This is a very interesting fact as showing that when the creature is in a condition when it would be likely to require the thread most, viz., hungry and in search of food, it is in a condition best suited te produce it; and this further strengthens my belief (contrary to Mr. Harte), that the thread is used as a means of voluntary descent. . . . When in search of new feeding grounds, during its excursions, it would often come to the edge of an object and launch itself into space upon the chance of fiading a landing again soon, or if it did not, returning to its old one. 32. Martens, E. von. Zur Kenntniss der fadenspinnenden Schnecken, Zoo/. Anz., vol. 1, 1878, pp. 249-51. The thread is drawn together, the author says, from the whole slime-covering of the animal, whose body it embraces like the net- work of a balloon; but this is a mistake. References are given to Lister (1), Hoy (2), Shaw (3), Latham (4), Cuvier (5), Férussac (7), Clarke (13), Macgillivray (17), Forbes & Hanley (21), Harte (23), etc. 33. D. T. Slugs spinning threads, Zhe Fie/d, vol. 54, 1879, p. 145. A curious habit of the common slug [probably 47. agrestis] has come under my notice. . . . Owing to the wet season, the clover placed in the loft over my horses contains hundreds of them, and of course they very soon seek an escape to terra firma. Dozens of them may be seen letting themselves down by their slime, slowly gyrating their bodies so as to spin it into a thread. Their rate of descent is about an inch a minute. The height they descend is about nine feet, and they are capable of spinning a thread of slime sufficiently long to reach the ground. 34. Warner, R. Slugs in Orchid-Houses, Gard. Chron., n.s., vol. 14, 1880, p. 405: When no other way is open to them, they crawl up some plant or rafter, and let themselves down to the spikes. I have known a small one let itself down eighteen inches, and doubtless it could have gone much further. 35. Warner, R. Slugs in Odontoglossum-Houses, Of. céz., vol. 16, LOOM, Ps 722): I caught a slug this morning letting itself down from the rafter. : When it had got to the ground, seven feet from rafter, I killed it—a small black one, about one inch long. 36. W[ard], J., 2 Roberts’ Topography and Natural History of Lofthouse, 1882, p. 332: I had occasion to lift a plank which had lain some time among grass and on the under-side I noticed a small slug, Zzmax agrestzs. On being turned to the light the animal crept a few inches to the edge of the plank, and . . . began to form a slimy thread, by the aid of which it let itself slowly and safely down to the ground, a distance of three feet. 37- Roebuck, W. D. Slime spinning by Arion hortensis, /ourn. Conch., vol. 4, 1883, p. 82. Arion hortensis v. rufescens |==A. subfuscus]: Being placed on a flat paper-knife it walked straight off it, seemingly into the air, and even while the end of its tail was the only part in contact with the paper- 102 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. 4, OCTOBER, 1901. knife it maintained its horizontal position, swinging to the perpendicular one on finally quitting it and becoming suspended. It then spun a thread of about four inches, and when contact was broken on its reaching a support, the thread immedi- ately shrunk into a minute, scarcely visible point of slime. 38. Ashford, C. Land and Freshwater Mollusca round Christchurch, South Hants., Of. c7z., vol. 5, 1887, p. 158. Agriolimax levts. 39. W. J. Science Gossip, vol. 23, 1887, p. 71: Whilst looking at my aquarium, I saw hanging to alea . . . a enele grey slug of about three-eighths of an inch long ; it was twisting itself about and gradually letting itself down, till at length it reached the water, when it suddenly dropped. 40. Webb, W. M. Zom. cit., p. 124. A large Amalia sowerbyi let itself down three inches or so before dropping. AI. Zykoff, W. Bemerkung uber fadenspinnende Schnecken, Zool. Anz., vol. 12, 1889, p. 584. The author was watching the growth of young Avion empiricorum =A. ater, which had hatched from the egg under his care, and which lived, from August to the end of May, in a vivarium, covered with a bell-glass half-a-foot high. On one occasion, late at night, some of the slugs were observed to have crawled to the top of the interior of the bell-glass, and to have commenced to descend by threads; and some, without having touched the bottom, reascended by the threads to their former place. The habit was afterwards observed on several occasions, until an accident caused the death of the slugs. 42. Collinge, W. E. Land and Freshwater Mollusca of Oxford- shire, Conchologist, vol. 1, 1891, p. 12: L. arborum. 43. Kew, H. W. The faculty of food-finding in Gastropods, Naturalist, 1893, pp. 150-1: Observations of a surprising character have been made also by Mr. Robot Warner, F.L.S. When no other way to the orchids is open to the creatures, as he stated in 1880, ‘they crawl up some plant or rafter,and . . . Jet them- selves down to the spikes.” In 1889 the observer assured me that he had actually seen many little slugs suspending themselves by slime-threads from the rafters, and ‘descending on the spikes’ of . . . Odontoglossum alexandre; and thus many spikes, thickly wadded round with cotton-wool (which the slugs could not travel over) and growing in pots surrounded with water, had been lost. It can hardly be supposed, I think, that the slugs, having tried to approach the flowers in the ordinary manner by crawling over the pots and stems and finding themselves inter- cepted by moats of water or collars of cotton-wool, would deliberately ascend the rafters for the purpose of lowering themselves to the spikes. . . .. Wecan well imagine, however, that, having once detected the presence of the flowers, the creatures would instinctively endeavour to reach them, and observers familiar with the use of slime-threads by slugs will understand that individuals happening to ctawl along the rafters until immediately above the spikes would be likely, in reaching out KEW; ON THE MUCUS-THREADS OF LAND-SLUGS. 103 towards them, to relinquish their hold and become suspended upon threads which would be gradually lengthened until the spikes were reached. 44. Crawshay, De B. Slugs descending by a line of slime, Gard. Chron. (3), vol. 18, 1895, p. 160: To-day my gardener pointed out to me a slug he had killed. The slug was nearly three inches long; he had crept up the glass, and did not know how to get to an Odontoglossum cordatum that hung seven inches below him. He slimed all around himself on the glass, a patch of two inches in diameter, and then let himself down to the plant, touching the suspending wire in his descent. After he had alighted, the rope of slime still hung from glass to plant. 45. W.R. Slugs descending, Tom. c¢., p. 190. “Small white slugs” were seen descending from vines in a hothouse. One lowered itself from a stick to a depth of a foot, and upon the leaf which was used to entice it being removed, it turned in the air and climbed up the thread. The animals sometimes descended from the vines more than three feet; but they ‘could only ascend a few inches in a moist and warm vinery, when by repeatedly touching their heads they were compelled to climbup their own bodies to the thread.” 46. Blandford, E. Slugs descending, Jom. ciz., p. 191: I have seen them in the act many a time, especially amongst corn-stacks at harvest-time. For instance, the last load of Wheat taken up after the dew has settled on the straw late in the evening may remain on the waggon all night, and should the stubble be somewhat grassy, and slugs abundant, many of them would be located at the butt-end of the sheaves; this end would be placed outward on the waggon or on the stack, and in either case would soon get dry. The slugs which happen to be there find the surroundings uncongenial, and at once descend to the ground by means of a line made of slime. 47. Foreman. Zom. cit., p. 191: I have seen slugs descend . . . once at the Moat Nurseries, East Grinstead, and once at Holmwood Park, Dorking. At the first-menticned place, the slug descended on to a Primula, and in the other on to a Cineraria. The slugs descended from three to four feet to get at these plants. 48. Thomson, W. Zom. cit., p. 216: I have caught this species [Z. arbor] coming down from a tree in Knole Park, Sevenoaks. 49. Woolford, C. Zom. cit., p. 244: . I well remember elie my employer’s attention . . . as aslug was Ficccending over a Masdevallia. . . . I sawa slug on the flower-spike of an Odontoglossum, and in order to prove if tobacco would prevent them crawling up the spikes, I placed a piece of ‘‘shag” tobacco on each side of the slug, and after going to and fro a few times, it let itself off very slowly by the slime from its tail. 50. Taylor, J. W. Monograph of the Land and Freshwater Mol- lusca of the British Isles, vol. 1, 1899, pp. 316-8. Agr. agrestis seen by Mr. Crowther descending from an elm had made seven feet of thread. An illustration, on p. 317, is based on figs. 5 and 6 in the present paper. (To be continued ). 164 ON SOUTH AFRICAN MARINE SHELLS, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. By EDGAR A. SMITH. (Read before the Society, June 12th, rgor). (PLATE I.). Ir was proposed in a former paper’ to issue from time to time others dealing with the marine mollusca of South Africa. Through the energy of Mr. J. H. Ponsonby, who has got together from his South African correspondents the material upon which the present paper is based, I am enabled to make a first fulfilment of that proposal. Speci- mens of nearly all the species described or referred to, are in the British Museum, having been presented by Mr. Ponsonby. 1. Glyphis spreta. (PI. I, fig. 18). Fissurella fimbriata Sowerby (nec Reeve), Mar. Shells South Africa, p. 48, 1892. Testa elongato-ovata, antice paulo angustata, depressa, costis gractlibus numerosis (quarum paucis posticis aliis majgoribus), et tucrementt linets elatis squamosis cancellata, albida, rufo picta et variegata ; foramen multo ante medium situm, ovatum vel rotunde ovatum ; pagina interna albida, rufo obscure nebulosa, radiatim haud pro- Sunde sulcata, ad marginem crenuiata. Longtt. 25 mm., diam. 16, alt. 8. Hab., Mossel Bay, Cape Colony (J. Crawford). Quite distinct from /7ssurella fimbriata of Reeve, with which it was confounded in the “ Marine Shells of South Africa.” It is a longer and narrower and more depressed species, with the foramen much less central. The sculpture is very similar, although not absolutely identical. The edge of the interior is much less deeply notched than in &. fimbriata, which exhibits a fine radiating striation within, which is less observable in the present species. 2. Glyphis elizabethe. (PI. 1, fig. 12). Fissurella sieboldtt Sowerby (nec Reeve), Mar. Shells South Africa, Pp. 47, 1892. Testa elongato-ovata, antice paulo angustata, depressa, costis preciputs novem (quorum duo posticts aliis majortbus) et costellis numerosts gracilioribus in interstitiis instructa, liners tncrementt concentricts squamose tenuiter cancellata, pallida, costis rujfis, vel albis rufo macu- latis, ornata, in interstitits interdum nigro obscure radiata, foramen subcirculare, multo ante medium situm,; pagina interna albida, infra x J. Conch., vol. 9, p. 247, 1899. SMITH : SOUTH AFRICAN MARINE SHELLS, WITH NEW SPECIES. 105 costas precipuas sulcata, sulcts ad marginem profundis et prolongatis, inter sulcos crenulata. Longit. 44 mm., diam, 28, alt, 13. HHab., Port Elizabeth (J Crawford). This species is quite distinct from /issurel/a sieboldit, differing in colour, form, and sculpture. It is a longer shell and more depressed, and not arched behind the foramen, the central of the posterior coste being depressed and not elevated. The costz also are radiately striated, not acute, but broader, especially the three posterior ones. These are conspicuously prolonged, producing a strongly festooned margin behind. They have a roughish subnodose appearance, caused by strong matks of arrested growth. The intervening costelle are much finer and vary in thickness, sometimes being alternately finer and coarser. hey are beautifully scaled by the crossing of the close- set lines of growth which produce a finely cancellated surface. ‘The apical hole is surrounded within by a circumscribed callus, which is truncate, but hardly pitted behind. The interior is white, or may show faintly the dark rays which sometimes occur on the outer sur- face. Young shells exhibit only eight principal costa, the ninth, the posterior central one, not developing until later in life. 3. Glyphis elevata Dunker. Fissurella elevata Dunker; Philippi’s Abbild., vol. i, p. 67, pl IL, fig. 4, 1845; non Pilsbry, Man. Conch., vol. xii., p. 217, pl. 309, figs. 8, 82.85, 1890. Ffab., Cape of Good Hope (Dkr.). Mr. Pilsbry considers this species, together with / tmbricata Sowerby, # australis Krauss, and /. nigriradiata Reeve, as synonyms of F. rippellit Sowerby. This is a most unfortunate lumping, and would not have occurred if he had examined the types. I believe he is right as regard / nigriradiata, which evidently is only a small or half-grown specimen of r7/pelliz, On the contrary, both australis, imbricata, and elevata are perfectly distinct from it and one another. The last species, besides a slight difference in form, has a greatly superior number of much finer cost, and a very differently shaped foramen. Dunker gives the number of riblets at 180,! but in the shells before me, which I regard as belonging to his species, I find only about too-114. On the contrary, & riippellii has only 40 to 50. The apical callus within in / eevafa is peculiarly truncate and deeply pitted be- hind, and very different to that of / riippellit. 4. Macrochisma producta var. Macrochisma producta A. Adams; Pilsbry, Man. Conch., vol. xii., p- 194, pl. 59, fig. 62, 1890. x Itseems probable that the 8 and o have been transposed and that the number intended was 108, 106 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. 4, OCTOBER, 1901. var. = WZ. angustata A. Adams; Pilsbry, op. cit. p. 194, pl. 59, fig. 61. flab., Port Elizabeth (Sow.); Pondoland (Brit. Mus.). The Pondoland specimens are shorter than typical South Australian examples of this species, agreeing, in this respect, with the form angus- tata, which appears to me a variety of producta, rather than a distinct species. ‘The South African specimens have the foramen extending forward to the middle of the shell, even further than in typical producta and decidedly further than in the form azgustata. I cannot discover any differences worthy of notice in any of the varieties of sculpture or style of colour. ‘Three out of four of the Pondoland specimens exhibit a slight sinus or indentation of the margin at the posterior end, with a very deep excavation above it, in which respect it agrees with JZ, megatrema A, Adams. 5. Patella? decemcostata. (PI. I, fig. 22). Testa parva, depressa, costata, costis decem obtusts, subnodosts, radiatim striatis, albtda, inter costas nigro-fusco maculata, liners tncremente wrregularibus sculpta, interstitia inter costas eque radtatim striata, interdum costa minore instructa ; apex flavescens, medtocriter acutus, paulo antemedianus, supcrfictes interna nitida, albida, fusco radiata margine extertore trregulariter angulato vel rotunde dentato. Longitt g mm., diam. 7, alt. 4. ffab., Algoa Bay. This does not appear to be the young of any of the known species. The three specimens examined rest upon the anterior and posterior ends, the sides rising slightly inthe middle. Of the ten principal coste, three radiate towards the front, five posteriorly, and one on each side laterally. When the soft parts are examined this form may prove to be an Acmea. 6. Acmeza roseoradiata. (PI. L, fig. 19). Testa parva, depressa, alba, linets radtantibus rosets numerosis picta, apicem versus sepe rosacea, levis, incrementi linets trregularibus sculpta ; apex leviter erosus, ideo haud acutus, circiter in 4 longitu- dints sttus ; latus anticum recte declive, vix concavum, posticum levis- sime convexum ; superfictes tnterna albida, roseo-radtata, interdum in Sundo rosacea, levis, nitens ; margo simplex, ad latera leviter elatus ; cicatrix magna, antice lata. Longit. 53 mm., diam, 4%, alt, 2. flab., Cape Town (W. F. Williams and T. J. Simey, in Brit. Mus.). Somewhat resembling Acmea virginea, but smaller, without radiat- ing sculpture and the interior is not margined in the same manner. The rays are about 18 to 20 in number, and pinker than in A. va7- ginia. In fresh specimens the apex would probably be acute and somewhat curved over anteriorly. SMITH: SOUTH AFRICAN MARINE SHELLS, WITH NEW SPECIES. 107 7. Acmea albonotata. (PI. I, figs. 14, 16). Testa parva, trregulariter oblongo-ovata, mediocriter contco-elata, radta- tim tenuiter confertim liratula vel costulata, costis linets tncrementt conspicue sculptis, extus sordide albida, tndistincte griseo-radiata, mmtus in medio rufo-fusca, ad marginem crenulatum flavescens, macults albis et rujis notata ; cicatrix pallida ; apex acutus, paulo antemedt- anus. Longit. 10 mm., diam, 8, alt. 6. Hab., Umkomaas, Natal (H. Burnup). A very small species, of a whitish tint, varied with indistinct greyish rays, which are best seen by transmitted light towards the outer mar- gin. The fine radiating lirze vary in thickness, and are rendered some- what scabrous by being crossed by the closely packed conspicuous wavy lines of growth. The inner surface within the muscular impres- sion is generally of a rich reddish brown colour, the scar itself being frequently whitish and the border beyond yellowish spotted with white and a few red dots, corresponding to the pale and darker rays which ornament the shell. Most of the specimens examined when resting on a flat surface touch only at the ends, arching slightly at the sides. According to Professor Gwatkin, the radula is like that of Acme@a. 8. Rissoia crawfordi. (Pl. I., fig. 13). Testa pupeformis, solida, levis, sordide grisea, supra purpurascens ; anfractus 5, convextuscult, sutura leviter obliqua sejunctt, ultinues pone valde oblique descendens ; apertura obliqua, rotunde ovata, parva ; peristoma continuum, fortiter incrassatum, Longit. 4 mm., diam., 14. Apertura cum perist. 1 longa. Hab,, Algoa Bay, 20 fath. (J. Crawford). Remarkable for its pupoid form, solidity, smoothness, and the small aperture. g. Radius gracillimus, (Pl. I, figs. 20, 21). Testa gracilis, utrinque attenuata, supra pallide carnea, infra flava, transversim tenuissime striata, linetsque incrementi decussata ; ex- tremitates callo conspicuo supra terminate ; apertura undulata, linearis, antice paulo latior ; labrum intus reflexum, flavum, extus callo lato minute corrugato dilute carneo linea flava margtinato in- structum ; labium callo flavo in medio crasso indutum. Longtt. 31 mm., diam. 4h. Hab., from the stomach of a fish caught in 4o fathoms, ten miles from Durban (Quekett). Remarkable for its very slender form, being even narrower than R. philippinarum Sowb., or R. lanceolatus Sowb. It differs from the latter in being more produced at both ends, and in being smoother. The strize in anceo/atus are stronger and punctate, a feature not noticed by the monographers. 108 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. 4, OCTOBER, 1901. 10. Cerithium rufonodulosum. (P!. I., fig. 8). Testa elongata, turrita, alba, seriebus duabus nodulorum ruforum acu- torum ornata ; anfractus circtter 10, turritt, supra concavt, deinde biangulatt, longitudinaliter costati, costis ad angulos acute nodulosts et rufis, infra suturam serie pustularum rufarum et albarum parvarum ornati, tn interstttits undigue spiraliter tenuiter sulcati, ultimus ad sinistram varice obliguo instructus, infra medium seriebus duabus pustularum parvarum rufarum et albarum ornatus , apertura alba, longtt. totius circtter ~, adequans ; labrum leviter expansum, ad marginem tenue, extra incrassatum ; co’umella oblique arcuata, callo tenut albo induta; canals anterior brevis, cbliguus, recurvus. Longit. 22 mm., diam, 8, apertura 6 longa, 4 lata. flab., Algoa Bay (H. Burnup). The two series of acute red nodules at once distinguish this species from all the other South African forms. The pustules beneath the suture and those upon the lower part of the body-whorl are quite small and close-set, some being white and others red. ‘he fine spiral sulci and intervening lire with which the entire surface is sculptured, are visible even to the naked eye. The figure of C. nigro-punctatum Sowb. (Thes. Conch., vol. ii., p. 860, pl. clxxx., fig. 97) is very like this species. tr. Odostomia lavertinz. (PI. L., fig. 15). Odostomia angasi Sowerby (nec Tryon) Marine Shells South Africa, p. 26, 1892. Testa ovato-conica, turrita, alba, subpellucida, anguste perforata, nitida, linets tncrementi tenuibus striata; anfractus sex, sublente accres- centes, primus rotundatus, cetert leviter convexiuscull, sutura profunda sejunctt, turrili, infra suluram linea pellucida marginatt, ultimus ad peripheriam obsolete rotunde angulatus; apertura inverse aurtformts, circiter 4 longit. totius adequans, antice subeffusa,; columella leviter reflexa, prope perforationem dente valido muntta. Longit. 34 mm., diam. 1}. Apertura 1} longa, x lata. Hadb., Fast London, Cape Colony (Lavertine). A semipellucid species with distinctly turreted whorls and a con- spicuous columellar tooth. Collected by Miss Maud. Lavertine, whose name I have associated with the species. 30. Lamellaria mauritiana Bergh. Sigaret de Maurice Quoy and Gaimard, Voy. Astrolabe Atlas, pl. 66bis fig. 9, 1833. Marsenia (Chelyonotus) mauritiana Bergh, K. Dansk Videnskab. Selsk. Skrift., 1853, vol. i11., p. 343, pl. v., fig 2. Lamellaria mauritiana Tryon, Man. Conch., vol. viil., p. 62, 1885. Hab., Port Elizabeth; Mauritius (Quoy and Gaimard, &c.). SMITH : SOUTH AFRICAN MARINE SHELLS, WITH NEW SPECIES, 109 The Siearetus tonganus of Quoy and Gaimard and the CorioceHla nigra of Blainville are probably identical with this species. The shell from South Africa is of interest on account of its very large size, the diameter of the body whorl being 50 mm., whereas in ordinary examples it is only about 30-36. It is also rather thicker and more solid than usual, probably the result of age, and is covered with a thin deciduous pale straw coloured periostracum. 12. Eulima translucida (Pl. I., fig 11). Testa minuta, breviter obtuse subulata, pellucida, vitrea, polita,; anfrac- tus sex, primus magnus, rotundatus, sequentes fere plant, ultimus ad latera leviter curvatus, medtocriter elongatus,; apertura elongate pirtformis ; peristoma Tlevisstme incrassatum, margine columellari anguste reflexo. Longit 25 mm., diam. 3. Apertura } longa, } lata. Hab., East London, Cape Colony (Miss M. Lavertine). A very minute slender shell, but rather obtuse at the apex, and so transparent that the columella is visible to the apex. 13. Eulima algoensis. (Pl. L, fig. ro). Testa parva, alba, polita, infra suturam zona pellucida angusta instructa, subulata, leviter curvata,; aufractus 12? leviter convext, sensim accrescentes, sutura levisstme obliqua sejunctt, ultimus ad pert- pheriam vrotundus; apertura piriformis, longit. totius 4 haud equans ; labrum arcuatum, in medio prominens ; columella leviter mncrassata et reflexa, superne callo tenut labro guncta. Longtt. 8 mm., diam. 2, Apertura 3 longa, 1 lata. ffab., Algoa Bay, Cape Colony. Allied to 2. atlantica Smith, but having more convex whorls, with a narrower pellucid zone below the suture. It also has a different curve in the whole length, and is more clavate in its general form. Both of the specimens examined have lost the apex, and consist of only eight whorls. 14. Scala millecostata Pease. (PI. I., fig 5). Scalaria millecostata Pease, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 400. Flab., Sandwich Islands (Pease) ; Isipingo, Natal (H. Burnup). Two specimens from the latter locality seem to be inseparable from this species, of which I have seen only a single specimen (the type) from the Hawatian Islands. ‘They have the thread-like riblets even more crowded, there being as many as forty on the last whorl. They are slender, oblique, and so much reflexed that they really become almost hollow tubes. The normal whorls are eight in number, very convex, and exhibit between the riblets spiral strize which, however, are only seen when the reflexed portions of the riblets are broken away. Length 9 mm., diam. 63; Aperture 3 long, 24 wide. IIO JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. 4, OCTOBER, T90T. 15. Peristernia leucothea Melvill. Peritsternia leucothea Melvill. Mem. Manchester Lit. and Phil. Soc., 4th ser., vol. iv., p. 399, pl. il, fig. 15, 1891. Latirus (Pertsternia) leucothea Sowerby, Marine Shells of South Miical py 17) TSO 2) Euthria eburnea Sowerby, Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. iv., p. 1, pl. 1., fig. 2, T9QOo. Hfab., Port Natal (Melvill) ; Umkomaas and Isipingo, Natal (H. Burnup) ; Pondoland (Sowerby). A comparison of the figures referred to would not lead one to the conclusion that the Zuwthria eburnea of Sowerby was identical with the present species. Mr. Sowerby’s type, recently acquired by the Museum, is in an exceedingly worn condition and only exhibits traces between the coste of the thread-like lines with which this species is sculptured. The aperture also is so worn that both the lirae within the outer lip and the somewhat obscure columellar plications are only just traceable. There are two distinct forms of this species, the one entirely white, the other being more or less stained with purple-brown in the depres- sions between the ribs, with a yellowish band below the suture and a more distinct brownish or yellowish one around the middle of the body-whorl, bordered below with a conspicuous white thread. The aperture is purplish or purplish-brown within. The white thread referred to is also quite noticeable on the typical white form. The variety is rather like P. pz/chella Reeve in colour, but differs in size and form. 16. Melapium elatum Schubert and Wagner. Pyrula elata Schub. and Wag., Conchyl. Cab., vol. xil.. pp. 92 and 94, pl. cexxvi., figs. 4or2-13, 1829. Melapium elatum, Smith, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1889, vol. ill., p. 269. Hab., from the stomach of a fish caught in 40 fathoms, about ten miles from Durban (Quekett). It is interesting to have a definite locality for this species, hitherto known only from ‘“‘ Indian Seas.” 17. Euthria queketti. (PI. L, fig. 1). Testa fusiformis, fusco-oltvacea, plicis nodosis albis ornata ; sptra elon- gata, turrita ; anfractus 84, duo supertores globost, leves, pallidt, cetert supra concavi, in medio nodose plicati, infra rectiusculi et leviter contractt, spiraliter striati vel liratt, linets incrementi tenuibus decus- sali; anfr. ultimus ad angulum fortiter nodosus, antice attenuatus, rostratus (rostro recuivo, sinistrorsum verso), supra medium trans- versim haud profunde sulcatus; apertura ovalis, alba, antice in canalem augustum producta ; labrum intus tenutter liratum ; colum- .SMITH : SOUTH AFRICAN MARINE SHELLS, WITH NEW SPECIES, Wij ellx arcuata, callo albo induta. Longit. 47 mm., diam. 20. Afpezr- tura cum canalt 25 longa, 64 lata. Hab., from the stomach of a fish caught in 40 fathoms ten miles from Durban (Quekett). Very different from any known species and remarkable on account of the nodules upon the middle or angle of the whorls. ‘These are ten in number upon the last whorl, large and white, with a brown stain between them. The nodules become less pronounced upon the upper part of the spire, being scarcely developed upon the three first normal volutions. Tt is a more slender species than the Mediterranean £. cornea, hav- ing a longer anterior canal and at once distinguished by the nodose angle of the whorls. 18. Tritonidea natalensis. (PI. I., fig. 23). Tritonidea subrubiginosa Sowerby (nec Smith), Journ. of Conch., vol. vil., p. 368, 1894. Testa ovato-fusiformis, spiraliter fortiter sulcata et livata, pertostraco crasso olivaceo et piloso tnduta, infra pertostracum dilute rufescens, circa medium anfr. ultimt albo zonata ; sptra acuminata, ad apicem mamillata ; anfractus 7, primus globosus, levis, tres sequentes con- vextuscult, longttudinaliter oblique costatt, et lirts transversts quater- nis, supra costas subnodosts, ornati; penult. et ultimus costults stmplt- clbus transversts tnstructt, tn tnterstitiis spiraliter tenuissime lira ; afertura elongata, inverse subpiriformts, alba, longtt. totius 4 equans ; labrum ad marginem tenue, extra leviter incrassatum, intus Lirts brevibus novem (suprema ceteris majort), tnstructum ; columella supra leviter arcuata, infra medium obliqua, et uniplicata, superne tuberculo elongato munita, callo tenut circumscripto albo induta. Longtt. 22 mm., diam. 11. Apertura 11 longa, 44 lata. Hab., Durban (H. Burnup). The periostracum is thick, longitudinally striated, hairy, and quite conceals the colour of the shell beneath. ‘The last whorl has a slight constriction at the upper part which produces as it were a thickening below the suture. In some specimens one or two slight tubercles are observable near the so-called fold upon the lower part of the colum- ella. Z! swbrubiginosa Smith, from Japan, is very similar, but smaller, has more convex whorls, a thinner periostracum, and the longitudinal costee cont:nued on the upper part of the body-whorl, which lacks the groove or depression which occurs in the present species. 19. Nassa algida Reeve. (PI. L., fig. 17). Nassa algida Reeve, Conch. Icon., vol. vill., figs. 145a, 145b, 1853. Ffab., Moreton Bay, Australia (Reeve); Durban, Natal (H. Burnup). 112 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. 4, OCTOBER, I90I. Four specimens from Durban, all different in colour and form, show that this species, like many others of this genus, is very variable. Two are nearly normal as regards coloration, but the one figured is unusually large and has a distinctly channelled suture. In typical specimens of the species the upper whorls are longitudinally costate with a distinct transverse groove cutting across the tops of the coste, thus forming a row of nodules. In the Natal shells there are three such sulci which produce four rows of granules. In the latter also the aperture is somewhat less contracted and the outer lip less thick- ened externally. One of them is globose in comparison with the rest and has a shorter spire than usual. The following dimensions show the variation in size :— Length. Diameter. (a). Rit ae Soi 18 (0). 205 aaa ap 7 (c). 25 ae See 14 (@). 23 ate sas 1 NV. algida was considered by Tryon’ as a variety of JV. picfa, from which, however, in my opinion, it is quite distinct. I would add that the “lumping” of species in that monograph is simply grotesque and quite on a level with the colouring of the figures. 20. Columbella (Astyris) lightfooti. (PI. I., fig. 3). Testa ovato-fusiformis, parva, albida, lineolis transversis gracilibus fuscts tnterruptis picta; spira producta, ad apicem rotunde obtusa ; anfractus 5, primus magnus, globosus, probabiliter levis, ceetert con- vextuscull, spiraliter tenuiter sulcati (sulcts tn anfr. penult. circiter 8, in ultimo 18-20), ultimus oblongus, paulo infra medium zonam haud lineatam exhibens ; afertura parva, subangusta, albida, longit. tottus circa zy adequans ; labrum extra tncrassatum, ad marginem acutum, JSusco-lineatum, superne vix sinuatum ; columella alba, supra medium arcuata, tifra obliqua, callotenut induta. Longit. 6 mm., diam, 25. Apertura 24 longa, t lata. Hab., Kalk Bay, Cape Colony (R. Lightfoot). This pretty species is well characterized by the style of coloration and the transverse suleate sculpture. The interrupted transverse lines fall upon the slightly raised ridges between the sulci, and the interruptions are so regular that the shell presents series of short lines one under another. ‘The grooving upon the anterior end of the body-whorl is finer than that above. 21. Columbella (Anachis) burnupi. (PI. L., fig. 2). Testa minima, oblonga, turrita, pellucida, cerea, lineis 2-3 transversts interruptis nigrofuscts circa medium anfractuum ornata ; anfr. 6—7, a $$ —- t Man. Conch., vol. iv., p. 36, 1882, SMITH : SOUTH AFRICAN MARINE SHELLS, WITH NEW SPECIES. 1I3 supertores 1-2 convext, leves, cetert turriti, convexiuscult, longi- tudinaliter costati et spiraliter liratt granose cancellats (costis in anfr. penult. 14, lirisque 7-8), ultimus infra medium paulo contractus, costis inferne destnentibus, antice oblique Lratus, lirts rufo punctatis ; labrum leviter incrassatum, superne haud profunde sinuatum, intus tuberculis paucts armatum ; columella supra leviter curvata, infra obliqua, callo tenut induta; canalis anterior obliquus, recurvus. Longit. 44 mm., diam. 1k. Apertura 2 longa. ffab., Natal (H. Burnup). . The colour of this species is very characteristic. The ground colour is a transparent yellowish waxy tint. This is varied with three interrupted dark reddish or brownish lines round the middle of the upper whorls, and one or two opaque white granules upon alternate costee at the same part of the whorls. The body-whorl also has the oblique lirze round the lower extremity dotted with red interrupted lines. This style of coloration recalls that of Columbella monilifera Sowerby from the Bahamas, etc. (=Pleurotoma fuscolineata C. B. Adams= 7, scalpta Reeve). The radula according to Prof. H. M. Gwatkin is columbelloid. 22. Murex fallax. (Pl. I, fig. 9). Testa abbreviato-claveformis, solida, sordide albida, zonts interrupts Juscis picta; spira brevis, gradata; anfractus normales 6, supra planiuscult, declives, in medio angulati, nodulis acutis validis com- pressts ad angulum instructt, varictbus tribus munitt, ultimus antice rostratus, circa medium seriebus tribus nodulorum ornatus ; tnfra spints validis tribus armatus ; rostrum fere rectum, fusco tinctum, liris paucis obliguis instructum ; apertura oblique ovata, alba ; pert- stoma fere continuum, margine externo anguste reflexo, subtuber- culato, intus levt, columellart dilatato, reflexo ; canalis anterior fere clausus. Longit. 78 mm., diam. 41. Apertura 17 longa, 12 lata. ffab., from the stomach of a fish caught in 40 fathoms ten miles from Durban (Quekett). In general form allied to AL haustellum Linn. and A. chrysostoma Gray. It differs from the former in colour and sculpture and in hav- ing three conspicuous spines upon the upper part of the rostrum. In this respect it somewhat resembles c#rysostoma, from which it may at once be separated by the smaller size of the aperture, the smoothness of the labrum within, and the absence of transverse liree upon the columellar callus. This species has generally three tubercles at the angle of the whorls between the varices, but sometimes only two. 23. Sistrum squamosum Pease var. Sistrum sqguamosum Pease, Amer. Journ. Conch., vol. iii., p. 277, pl. xxiil., fig. 14, 1868. H 114 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. 4, OCTOBER, 1901. Hab., Umkomaas, Natal (H. Burnup); Kingsmill Islands (Pease) ; Philippine Island and Sarawak (Brit. Mus.). The somewhat worn specimens from Natal have all the rows of nodules blackish, the interstices being yellowish, whereas in the typical form only the first and third rows are black, the second and fourth being white. The Philippine and Bornean examples resemble the South African form. ‘The species is variable not only in colour but also in form and in the acuteness or obtuseness of the nodules, &c. 24. Marginella burnupi Sowerby. Marginella burnupi Sowerby, Mar. Shells South Africa, appendix, p: 10, pl. 6; figs 35, 1397. M. inconspicua Sowerby, junior (non Sowerby, senior), of. ct., p. 20. M. cinerea Sowerby (non Jousseaume), of. c7¢. append., p. 9. Hab., Port Elizabeth. In this species there are always six columellar folds and sometimes a trace of a seventh, although Mr. Sowerby quotes only five. The two anterior ones are conspicuously larger than the rest. The outer lip is not greatly thickened, and it is finely but not conspicuously denticulate within. The spire is more elevated in some specimens than in others and is far from being ‘‘almost flat.” The shells referred to AZ. tnconspicua and M. cinerea by Mr. Sowerby are quite distinct from those species, and, in my opinion, are small examples of M. burnupi. Having the types of the two species referred to in the Museum for comparison, I can speak with certainty upon this point. I have already shown (Proc. Zool. Soc., 1890, p. 266) that AZ. cinerea has only three folds on the columella, not four, as stated by Reeve, and that it occurs at the island of St. Helena. As originally described by Sowerby, JZ. zxconspicua has four folds, and the outer lip is smooth, It appears to have been somewhat tinted and not a pure white shell like durnupi and cinerea. It is possible that Cystiscus capensis of Stimpson may be the same as the present species, but the description is so meagre that the identification is quite impossible. 25. Marginella algoensis. (PI. I., fig. 4). Testa parva, alba, breviter piriformis ; spira brevissima, obtusa, vix supra anfractum ultimum elatum ,; anfractus tres, celeriter accre- scentes, sutura conspicua sejuncti ; primus convexus, obtusus, ultimus piriformts, mediocriter convexus ; labrum incrassatum, usque ad apicem fere productum, intus leve,; columella callv tenut induta, plicis parvis ctrciter 4 tnstructa ; apertura angusta, antice latior. Longit. 4 mm., lat. 3. ffab., Algoa Bay, Cape Colony. The anterior columellar fold or that which passes round the end of the aperture into the outer lip is rather larger than the rest. The SMITH : SOUTH AFRICAN MARINE SHELLS, WITH NEW SPECIES. 115 species is allied to Alarginella (Prsicula) polyodonta Vélain.' 26. Marginella epigrus Reeve. i M. epigrus Reeve; Sowerby, Marine Shells South Africa, p. 20; appendix, p. 32, 1892. FHab., Port Elizabeth. A single specimen, presented by Mr. Ponsonby to the Museum, appears to be inseparable from this Mogador species. Six folds on the columella are generally present, although Reeve mentions only four. The two upper ones are, however, very small, and might easily be overlooked. 27. Clavatula parilis. (PI. L., fig. 7). Testa elongato-pyramidalis, alba, lineis et maculis pallide rufis picta ; spira subulata, ad apicem parvum mamillata ; anfractus 11, duo supertores leves, convext, cetert planiuscult, infra suturam cingulo prominente convexo cinctt, leves, linets tncrementt tenutbus undulatts striatt, ultimus convextusculus, infra medium contractus ; apertura alba, longtt. totius 2 adegquans, antice late canaliculata ; labrum tenue, infra cingulum subprofunde sinuatum, in medio arcuatim pro- minens, columella leviter arcuata, callosa. Longit. 40 mm., diam. 16. Apertura 16 longa, 6 lata. Habé., from the stomach of a fish caught in forty fathoms ten miles from Durban (Quekett). A smooth white shell, varied with a few pale reddish undulating irregular lines, and some blotches of the same colour upon the rounded thickening or girdle at the upper part of the whorls. It is smaller than C. éaxuvs (Chemnitz), and without any tubercular coste on the upper whorls and differently coloured. 28. Terebra textilis Hinds, var. Terebra textilis Hinds; Sowerby, Thesaurus, vol. 1., pl. xliv., fig. 73 ; Reeve, Conch. Icon., vol. xii, fig. 13a. FTab., Manila Bay, Philippines, 6 fathoms; Natal (H. Burnup). The specimen from Natal is a trifle stouter than the type, and the row of deep punctures which marks off the infrasutural zone is less pronounced, and the costz at this point are less (if at all) constricted, and about one less in number upon a whorl. More specimens are required to see whether these differences are more or less constant. The transverse sulcations between the cost are similar in both forms, 29. Terebra (Abretia) diversa. (PI. L, fig. 6). T. rufopunctata Sowerby (nec Smith), Mar,Shells South Africa, p. 12, 1892. Testa subulata, polita, purpureo-fuscescens, infra suturam zona alba rufo-nigro vel riufo punctata, et zona altera alba circa medium anfractus ultimt ornata ; anfractus 12, fere plant, supra ad suturam t Archives Zool. Expér., 1877, vol. vi., p. 108, pl. iii., fig. 1, 2. 116 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. 4, OCTOBER, IQOT. tenuiter plicati, plicis infra evanidis, spiraliter haud striati, lente accrescentes,;, apex magnus, obtusus, levis, rufo tinctus; anfr. ultimus convextusculus, antice albus; apertura intus fuscescens, zona alba mediana el altera basali picta, longit. totius + eguans, Longit. 24 mm. diam. 5. Apertura 5 longa, 2} lata. Hfab., Umzinto, Natal (H. Burnup). Somewhat resembling 7: 7wfopunctata, but longer and more slender, with a larger and blunter apex. The white bands at the suture and ~ around the middle of the body-whorl are more defined, and the red- dish or purple-brownish ground colour is different. Spiral striation, which is quite evident in 7. +ufopunctata, is entirely absent in this species. 31. Venus declivis Sowerby. Venus declivis Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. il., p. 730, pl. 157, figs. 123, 124, 1853; Reeve, Conch. Icon., vol. xiv., pl. 23, fig. 111, 1863. Hab., —? (Sowerby and Reeve); Gulf of Guinea (Brit. Mus.) ; Durban Bay, Natal (Quekett). I have seen only a single specimen from the South African locality. It is not absolutely identical with the type, being larger and with a rather more broadly curved ventral margin to the valves. It has the same style of colouration and concentric delicate lamellee. 32. Macoma retrorsa Sowerby. Tellina retrorsa Sowerby, Conch. Icon., vol. xvii., fig. 234, 1867. Tellina (Macoma) candidata Sowerby, Journ. of Conch., vol. vii., p. 375, 1894; Marine Shells South Africa, Appendix, p. 23, pl. vi., fig. 25, 1897. Hab., Durban (H. Burnup). The type of Z. vetrorsa quoted as in Mus. Sowerby, was sub- sequently acquired by Mr. Lombe Taylor, after whose death it was purchased by the British Museum. Having also, for comparison, the types of Z. candidata, presented by Mr. J. H. Ponsonby, I am able to pronounce with some degree of certainty the identity of the above- named species. BRACHIOPODA. 33. Kraussina atkinsoni (T. Woods). Kraussia atkinsoni Tenison Woods, Proc. Roy. Soc., Tasmania, 1878, DP. 57. Kraussina atkinsoni Davidson, Trans. Linn. Soc., 1887, vol. iv., p. 127, pl. xxt., figs. 5, 6. Hab., Algoa Bay, Cape Colony (Brit. Mus. presented by J. H. Ponsonby). Previously known only from South Tasmania. 117 CYPRA4A CHRYSALIS Kien. AND C. MICRODON Gray. By JAMES COSMO MELVILL. (Read before the Society, April 10, 1901). In November, 1892, I read before the Conchological Society’ a resumé of the history of Cypr@a chrysalis Kien., a species long over- looked, misunderstood, or confused with C. fimbriata Gmel., drawing attention to the fact that it was in all probability—nay, almost cer- tainly—a good species, and basing this decided opinion on the acquisition of a specimen in fine condition, formerly in the collection of Mr. C. W. Viner, of Bath, and with a ticket attached in the hand- writing of L. C. Kiener, as “C. chrysalis, mihi.” It is necessary to re-open the question now, as, during the past few months a consider- able flood of new light has been thrown on it, and these fresh developments I will at once proceed with seriatim. M. Vayssiere, professor of biology in the University of Marseilles, last autumn forwarded me several doubtful species and varieties of Cyprea, mostly, if not entirely, belonging to the Museum attached to the University, to diagnose and name for him. Amongst these were three specimens of C. chrysalis Kien., one, in fine condition, being the original Kienerian type figured in “Iconographie Coq. Viv.,” pl. 54, f. 4, 4a, and from that source copied by all subsequent monographers of the genus. This specimen, which I had imagined existed in the Paris Museum, was certified as the type in the hand-writing of the author, and it exactly agrees in every particular with my own, which may be called the second type, or co-type, as having also passed through the hands of, and been critically differentiated by its original discoverer. Mr. R. Standen has a fine series of this species, all similar, from Borneo; Mr. J. R. Hardy two from the collection of the late Mr. Arthur Adams. It is to be seen, but not in fine condition in the Manchester Museum, from Lifu (Hadfield Collection) in which locality it was rare ; good examples likewise exist in the collections of Messrs. Thomas Rogers, J. W. Edwards, and J. M. Williams; Mr. R. Cairns also has it fine from Mauritius and other localities. In our National Collection at South Kensington it has not been fully understood as a species, and I detected a specimen or two mixed up with C. fimbriata Gmel. in the table cases. Mr. Raymond Roberts? and Sowerby* consider both C. mécrodon and C. macula good species, and this dictum has been generally fol- lowed. In the “ Survey of Cyprzea,” 1888, however, I esteemed both these varieties merely of C. fimbriata. J. of Conch., vol. 7, pp. 120-122, 1893. Tryon, ‘‘ Man. Conch.,” vol. 7, p. 169. “ Thes. Conch. Cyprza,’ p. 30, figs. 385, 386. Oo N 118 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. 4, OCTOBER, 190%. I have since examined very many series of all these forms, and find, as regards C. microdon (so called) Gray, C. fimbriata Gmel. (including C. macula Ad., and C. cholmondeleyi Mely., which I think are merely size varieties, green, tinged with chestnut), and C. chrysalis Kien., that the fine small teeth of the last-named average 25, labially, the ridges not extending far over the surface ; that, secondly, C. mucrodon possesses about 20 teeth, also minute, delicate, and fine, while, lastly, the coarser teeth of C. fimbriata and its varieties only average about 16, each channelled over, say, one-third of the labial surface. Besides these dental differences, let us consider other distinctive characters, and formulate them tabularly, viz.:— (a) fimbriata (Gmel.). (8) microdon Auct. (Cc) chrysalis Kien. (non Gray). I. Once or twice banded, Usually chestnut colored, Very obscurely twice. or blotched dorsally. twice delicately banded. —_ banded. II. Minutely dotted dorsally. Minutely chestnut dotted. Very obscurely and sparsely dotted. III. Chestnut brown. Chestnut brown. Dun colour. VI. Spotted laterally, spots Spots very sparse or ab- Finely spotted laterally. distinct, coarse. sent. V. Extremitiesviolet tinged, Extremities nearly as in Extremities decidedly never protruded. fimbriata, perhaps how- produced. ever, slightly more pro- duced. VI. Body whorl rounded, not Body whorl depressed and Body whorl roundly ven- pyxiform. flattened, in one variety _—_ tricose and pyriform. slightly pyriform. Allowing for a certain amount of variety in any true species, I am inclined to change my former opinion as to the specific distinctness of the Cowry generally known as C. microdon, and to follow Roberts, Sowerby, and others, in assigning to it specific rank, basing this mainly on its uniformly depressed body whorl,and very small fine teeth. It will thus stand as an intermediate form between C. chrysalis Kien. and C. jimbriata Gmel., with the undoubted varieties of the latter lately mentioned. Now, as regards the nomenclature :—It occurred to me, early in March last, to examine at the British Museum (Natural History) the types of Cyprea in the Gray Collection, which fill two drawers or more beneath one of the table cases. ‘They are all mounted in the old-fashioned way, with cement on tablets. Amongst them is a decor- ticated, but unmistakeable, specimen of ch7vysalis Kien.; labelled ““microdon,” this being the actual type of the shell described by S. Gray in 1828? as follows:— 1 J. E. Gray, Additions and Corrections toa Monograph on Cyprza, a genus of Testace- ous Mollusca, etc., Zoological Journal, vol. 6, 1828, pp. 66-88. MELVILL : CYPRA2A CHRYSALIS AND C. MICRODON. 119 “tr. C. microdon n.s. Testa oblongo-ovata, anticé attenuata, albida, brunneo minuté punctata ; bast alba, rolundata, extremitatibus subproductis, rosets, apertura angusta, dentibus minults, approximatis, subequalibus. Inhabits Pacific Ocean. Mus.: Stuchbury, Nostr. Shell oblong-ovate, attenuated in front, slender, whitish, minutely dotted with brown; base rounded, white, extremities slightly pro- duced, rose-red, margin rounded, mouth narrow, teeth minute, close together, nearly equal, front of the columella concave, with the teeth extended over it. Axis 2, diameter {-of-an-inch. Though worn, the shell is marked with an obscure central yellowish band ; the base is white, the spire flat and small, and the extremities of a pale pink colour.” There is no doubt about this type; and one is therefore justified in proclaiming that the crux of the whole matter, and the solution of the mystery, so long perplexing to cyprzologists, is that C. micro- don Gray (1828) is C. chrysalis Kien. Through the kindness of Mr. C. Davies Sherborn, I am informed that the whole of the section Cyfrea in Kiener’s ‘‘Coquilles vivantes,” undated, was published in 1845. The name microdon therefore must be restored, and stand for typical C. chrysalis, which latter becomes a synonym. It will thus be necessary to give a new term to the species hitherto generally known as C. microdon, and I would suggest, as possessing a fair equivalent in meaning, the word ‘w7xoridens.’ The species will thus fall into sequence :— C. microdon Gray (= chrysalis Kien.). C. minoridens Melv. (= microdon Auct.). C. fimbriata Gmel. (a) untfasciata Mighels. (B) macula Ad. (c) cholmondeleyi Melv. C. trrorata L. (aria trrorata Gray). N.B.—There is some little confusion as to the usual colour of the produced extremities in C. chrysalis. I have seen a specimen shewing lilac suffused with orange, but nine-tenths of the ex- amples that have passed through my hands are pure lilac or pale purple. Worn examples often exhibit a pink tinge of coloration, 120 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF GREAT BRITAIN & IRELAND. 3orst Meeting, June t2th, 1901. Mr. Edward Collier in the chair. Donations to Library announced and thanks voted: The usual periodicals received in exchange. New Member Elected. Mrs. Charlotte Ellen Gubbins, Westward Ho! N. Devon. Member Deceased. Mr. Thomas Rogers. Discontinuance of Summer Meetings. It was announced that the Council had decided to discontinue the meetings dur- ing July and August, and that a series of out-door rambles had been arranged. Rambles. Hope, Derbyshire, July 6th; Marple, Cheshire, July 27th; Guide Bridge and Dukinfield, September 7th. Paper Read. Note by the Committee for Collective Investigation. Exhibits, By Mr. C. Oldham: Limax cinereo-niger var. maura {rom Llanbedrog, Carnar- vonshire; Unzo pictorum, 116 mm. long., Peak Forest Canal, Marple, Cheshire, June, 1895; Pésedium mitlium, P. fontinale, P. pulchellum, P. obtusalis, and P. pusillum collected by Mr. R. Welch, in Lough Neagh, Ireland, at a depth of from 66 to 87 feet, June, 1899. By Mr. R. Cairns: A fine sinistral Zimnaea peregra, collected by Mr. W. Nelson in a small pond near Leeds. By Mr. J. E. Cooper: Segmentina nitida and Velletia lacustris from Broxbourne, Hertfordshire. : By Mr. W. Moss: A series of the Pleurodonta, Dentellaria, and Labyrinthus groups of He/zx. By Mr. R. Standen: A remarkable specimen of Ovu/a ovum grooved with numerous regular strie; Ledicularia sicul/a in situ on coral; and the series of Pleurodonta2 in the Manchester Museum collection. BIBLIOGRAPHY. (LIMITED TO WORKS RECEIVED BY THE SOCIETY'S LIBRARIAN). Journal de Conchyliologie, vol. 49, nos. 1, 2. *‘Description de deux Uno et Cun Corbécetda nouveaux provenant de I’Indo- Chine,” by A. BAvAy and PH. DAUTZENBERG [U. /rehstorfert, U. messageri, C. messagert, figd.]. ‘*Note sur le Voluta (Alamillana) mamilla Gray,” by PH. DAUTZENBERG [adult figured]. ‘*Considerations sur les faunes malacologiques des parties australes du globe,” by C. F. Ancry. ‘‘ Découverte du Zympanotomus lignitarum Eichw. dans le miocene du Bolderberg en Belgique,” by G. DoLL¥us and PH. DAUTZENBERG. ‘‘ Observations sur la faune conchyliologique de ?Annam,” by Rev. Pere HEUDE [ Uxzo 6 spp., ALycetopus, Dipsas]. *“Etude zoologique et anatomique de la J@tra zonata Marryatt,” by A. VAYs- SIERE. “ Liste des coquilles recueillies par M. de Gennes a Djibouti et Ali- Sabieh, avec la description de plusieurs formes nouvelles,” by H. FIscHER [65 spp., Marginella gennest, Clanculus gennest, Pinna cochlearts, nn. spp. figd.]. ‘* Diag- BIBLIOGRAPHY, 121 noses de deux Bulimulidés nouveaux de Pérou,” by PH. DAUTZENBERG [VPeronacus baert, P, tocosensis|. ‘* Etudes sur la faune malacologique des iles Sandwich,” by C. F. Ancey [doubts locality of Papucna barnaclet ; genus Phzlonesia not separable from Aicrocystis ; Baldwinia defended]. ‘*‘ Notes critiques et synonymiques sur quelques mollusques,” by C. F. ANcEy [Armandiella n.n. for Armandia proce. ). *)9— Epsom (E.S.); Croydon (S.G., 1883, p. 212); 10= Limpsfield (S.G., 1887, p. 139); Reigate (R.A.B.). v. depressa Taylor. 8—Grayswood (E.W.S.). H. hispida L. (=/. concinna Jeffr.). 2—Putney and Barnes (E.S.); 8—Haslemere and Shottermill (C.P.); 9—Epsom (E.S.); Croydon (S.G., 1883, p. 212); 1o—Keigate (R.A.B.); Limpsfield (S.G., 1887, p. 139). v. hispidosa Mousson (=//. hispida Jeffr.). | 8—Shottermill, Haslemere (C.P.). v. subrufa Mog. 8—Shottermill, Haslemere (C.P.). v. albida Jeffr. 2—Richmond (Garner). H granulata Alber (=//. sericea Jeffr.). Epsom, Headley (E.S.); to—Limpsfield (S.G., 1887, p. 139). v. Carinata Taylor. 8—Haslemere (C.P.). H. itala L. (=/. ericetorum Miull.). 1—Ranmore (E.S.);. 6— Guildford (C.P.); 9—Woldingham, Epsom (E.S.); Croydon, Reigate (R.A.B.). H. caperata Mont. 1—Polesden (I.S.); 2—Barnes Common (C.H.D.); 6—Guildford (C.P.); 7—-Gomshall (E.W.S.); 8—Hasle- mere (C.P.); 1to—Reigate (R.A.B.); Limpsfield (S.G., 1887, p. 139). v. bizonalis Mog. 8—Haslemere (C.P.). v. ornata Picard. 8 — Haslemere (C.P.); 10 — Mersham (K.McK.). v. obliterata Picard. 8—Haslemere (C.P.). v. fulva Moq. 8—Haslemere (C.P.). v. subscalaris Jeffr. 8—Haslemere (C.P.). vy. major Jeffr. 8— Haslemere (C.P.). H. virgata Da Costa. 1—Ranmore (E.S.); 2—Barnes Common (C.H.D.); 6—Guildford (C. P.); 8—Shottermill (E.W.S.); 97 Epsom, 174 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. [0, NO. 6, APRIL, 1902. Mickleham (E.S.); Croydon (Mr. Kenneth McKean has found at the Beggars’ Bank, Croydon, no less than fourteen varieties of this species). v. alba Taylor. 1—Fetcham (E.S.); 6—Guildford (C.P.); 7— Dorking (S.G., £889, p. 20). v. tessalatia (Bouch.). 6 —Guildford (C.P.). v. lutescens (Moq.). 6—Guildford (C.P.). Buliminus obscurus (Miill.). 1—Ranmore (K.S.); 8—Hasle- mere (usually single specimens and very rarely more than two or three. The variety predominates) (C.P.): 9—Epsom, Mickleham and Warlingham (E.S.); Croydon (S.G., 1883, p. 212); 1o—Reigate. v. albina Moq. 8—Haslemere, Shottermill (C.P.). Pupacylindracea Da Costa (=P. wmbilicata Drap.). 7—West- cott (E.S.); 8—Houndleswater, Haslemere (E.W.S.); 9—Caterham, Warlingham (Garner); Gatton (K.McK.); 10—White Hill (K.McK.). P. muscorum (L.) (=P. marginata Wrap.). 2—Walton (K.McK.); 9—Epsom (K.Mck.); 1o—Reigate (R.A.B.). v. edentula (?) Moq. 2—Walton (K.McK.); 9—Epsom (K.McK.). Vertigo antivertigo (Drap.). 2—Barnes Common (C.H.D.); 4—Brentwood (Basingstoke Canal) (K.Mck.); 8—Punch Bowl (E.W-S.). V. pygmeza (Drap.). 2—Barnes (C.H.D.). Mr. Kenneth McKean describes this species as being very common in woods. V. substriata (Jeffr.). 8—Punch Bowl (E.W.S.). V. edentula (Drap.). 8—Punch Bowl, Grayswood (E.W.S.); g-—Caterham, Warlingham (Garner). Balea perversa (L.). 1—-Coombe (K.McK.); 8—-Haslemere (CoP) Clausilia perversa (Pult.) (=C. rugosa Drap.). 2—Putney (E.S.); 7—Dorking (E.S.); 8—Haslemere and Shottermill (C.P.); 9g—Epsom, Mickleham (E.5.); Croydon (S.G., 1883, p. 212); 1o— Limpsfield (S.G., 1887, p. 139); Reigate (S.L.E.S., 1894, p. 87). v. albina Mog. 8—-Haslemere (High Lane) (C.P.). C. rolphii Gray. 9—Dorking (S.G., 1885, p. 19); 10—Limpsfield (S.G., 1887, p. 139); Reigate. C. biplicata (Mont.). 2—Putney (&k.MckK.); Mortlake (E.S.); 8—Shottermill (an immature specimen found on the Hindhead road is the first record for this district—vide note in Waturalists Journal, Sep., 1901, and antea p. 121 (C.P.). monst. tridentatum (?) 1—Thames (T. D. A. Cockerell in S.C; 189, ps) PANNELL: THE LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA OF SURREY. 175 C. laminata (Mont.). 31—Polesden (E.S.); $—Punch Bowl (E.W.S.); 9—Croydon (8.G., 1883, p. 212); Epsom (E.S.); 10o— Limpsfield (S.G., 1887, p. 139). v. pellucida Jeffr. o9—Epsom (E.S.). v. albina Mog. 9g—Epsom (Langley Bott) (I2.S. and C.H.D.) Azeca tridens (Pult.). 9—Headley (E.S.); 1o—Dorking to Reigate (S.G., 1885, p. 19). v. crystallina (Dup.). 10—Reigate (Cockerell, S.G., 1885, p. 19). Cochlicopa lubrica (Miill.). 1——Ockham (S.L.E.S.); Polesden (E.S.); 2—Richmond (Garner); Putney (E.S.); Barnes Common (C.H.D.); 6—Guildtord (C.P.); 8—Haslemere, Shottermill (C.P.); g—Croydon (s.G., 1883, p. 212); Epsom (E.S.); Gatton (K.MckK.); Winders Hill, “Cadworth (K.McK.); 1o—Limpsfield (S.G., 1887, p. 139). Czxcilioides acicula (Miill.) 8—Haslemere (Five individuals were found at the base of an old wall, in the exposed end about two feet below the surface of the ground during excavations) (C.P.); 9— Croydon (K.McK.). Stenogyra goodalli (Miill.). 9—Birdhurst (K.Mck.). Succinea putris (L.). 1—Byfleet, Ockham (E.S.); Wisley (S.L.E.S.); 2—Putney (E.S.); Richmond (Garner) ; Barnes (esHED):): S. oblonga Drap. (C.). S. elegans Risso. 1—Byfleet (E.S.); Ockham (S.L.E.S., 18909, p. 100); 2—Putney (K.McK.); 8—Haslemere (C.P.); 9—Waddon (K.McK.); 1to—Nutfield (K. Mck.). Carychium minimum (Miill.). 2—Richmond (Garner); 8— Haslemere (C.P.); Punch Bowl, Grayswood (E.W.S.); 1o—Reigate (R.A.B.). ' Segmentina nitida (Mill. ) (=P/anordbi's lineata Walker). 1— Wisley (S.L.E.S., 1895, p. go); 2—Wandsworth (K.McK.); Barnes Common (E.S.). Planorbis fontanus (Lightfoot) (=P. nitidus Jeffr.). (C.). P. nautileus (L.). 1—Bookham (S.1.E.S., 1893, p. 130); 3— Mitcham Common (K.Mck.); 9—Chipstead (K.McK.); Epsom (E.S.); 1o—Betchworth (K.Mck.). P. albus (L.). 1—Ockham (S.L.E.S, 1899, p. 100); Byfleet Gis»), Wisleys(S' 8S.) 8 Haslemere, Camels Dale (GMP). == Epsom (E.S.); 11—Aldfold, Surrey and Sussex Canal (E.W-S.). v. draparnaldi (Shepp.). (K.McK.). P. parvus Say (=. glaber Jeffr.). -(C.). P. spirorbis Mill. 2—Barnes Common (C.H.D.): 9—Epsom (E.S.); 11—Aldfold, Surrey and Sussex Canal (E.W.S.). 176 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOI. 10, NO. 6, APRIL, 1902. P. vortex (L.). 1—Ockham (S.L.E.S., 1899, p. 190); Bookham (E:S.); Wisley (S.L.E.S., 1898, p. 88); 2—Barnes (E.S.). P. carinatus (Mull). 1—-Ockham’ (G-IE'S.,. 1899) py 00) 3yfleet (E.S.); 2—Barnes, Richmond (C.H.D.): v. disciformis Jeffr. 6—-Guildford (S.G., 1885, p. 77). P. umbilicatus Mill. (=P complanatus Jeffr.). 1—Wisley (S.L.E.S., 1895, p. 88); 2—Barnes Common, Richmond (C.H.D.); 6—Shalford (K.Mck.); Frensham Gt. Ponds (E.W.S.). P. corneus (L.). 1—Ockham (S.L.E.S., 1899, p. 100); Wisley (S.L.E.S., 1898, p. 98); 2—Barnes, Wimbledon {E.S.); Richmond (Ciisk Dye ei, P. contortus (L.). 2—Barnes (E.S.); Richmond (C.H.D.); 6—Frensham Pond (E.W.S.). Bullinus hypnorum (L.). 1—Wisley (S.L.E.S., 1895, p. 88); Ockham (E.S.); 3—-Mitcham (C.H.D.). Physa fontinalis (L.). 1—-Wisley (1.S.); 2—Barnes (E.S.); Richmond (C.H.D.); 6—Frensham Pond (E.W.S.); 11—Aldfold, Surrey and Sussex Canal (E.W.S.). P. acuta Drap. 2—Reported by Mr. Edward Step as found at the Kew Gardens. This is hardly a Surrey shell, being evidently an importation from abroad. Amphipeplea glutinosa (Miill.) ~1—Byfleet (E.S.); 2 Common (S.G., 1885, p. 178). Limnza peregra (Miull.). 1—Wisley (S.L.E.S., 1895, p. 90); Ockham (S.L.E.S., 1899, p. 100); 2—Barnes Common, Richmond (C.H.D.); 6—Frensham (E.W.S.); Guildford (C.P.); 8—Haslemere, Shottermill, Witley, Chiddingfold (C.P.); 9—Croydon (S.G., 1883, p. 212); ro—Limpsfield (S.G., 1887, p. 139); 1t1—Aldfold, Surrey and Sussex Canal (E.W-S.). v. lacustris Leach. 6—Frensham (E.W.S.). . Ovata Drap. 8—Haslemere (C.P.). , acuminata Jeffr. 9—Epsom (E.S.). | . lutea (Mont.). 8—-Haslemere (C.P.). . diaphana Parr. 6—-Frensham (E.W.S.). . labiosa Jeffry. 6—Guildford, R. Wey (C.P.). monst. decollatum Jeffr. 2—Barnes (S.G., 1885, p. 77); 8— Haslemere (C.P.). A small v. minor (?) is found at Haslemere (Dist. 8), This familiar and common species is distributed everywhere in the ponds, ditches, and running streams of our county. It is variable in form and great difficulty is experienced in doing more than approxi- mating varieties. This will in some measure explain the absence of locality records, Barnes Rey G3} ) cal ce} ca! PANNELL: THE LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA OF SURREY. L9/9/ L. auricularia (L.). 2—Richmond (C.H.D.); Barnes (E.S.); 4—Frimley, Basingstoke Canal (K.McK.); 6—Bramley, Surrey and Sussex Canal (K.McK.); 1o—Earlswood (K.McK.). v. gibbosa Taylor. 6—Guildford, R. Wey (C.P.). L. stagnalis (L.). 1—Ockham (S.L.E.S., 1899, p. 100); 2— Putney, Barnes (E.S.); Richmond (C.H.D.); 4—Woking (E.S.); 6— Frensham Pond (E.W.S.). monst. decollatum. 2—Barnes (C. D. A. Cockerell, S.G., 1885, p. 76). L. palustris (Miill.). 1—Ockham (S.L.E.S., 1899, p. 100); Wisley (S.L.E.S., 1895, p. 88); 2—Putney (S.G., 1885, p. 76); Barnes (C.H.D.); 11—Aldfold, Surrey and Sussex Canal (E.W.S.). v. conica Jeffr. 2—Putney (K.McK.); R. Thames (S.G., 1885, p. 180). monst. decollatum Jeffr. 2—Barnes (S.G., 1885, p. 76). L. truncatula (Miull.). 1-—Fetcham Common (K.McK.); 2— Barnes Common, Richmond (C.H.D.); to—Oxted (K.McK.); 11— Aldfold, Surrey and Sussex Canal (E.W.S.). v. minor Moq. 8--Haslemere (C.P.). v. albida Jeffr. (S.G., 1885, p. 18r). L. glabra (Miull.). 2— Barnes (C.H.D.); to — Hedgecourt Common (K.McK.). Ancylus fluviatilis Mull. 2—Barnes (E.S.); 7—Wotton (E.S.); 8 —Haslemere, Camels Dale (C.P.); 1o—Limpsfield (K.MckK.). Velletia lacustris (L.). 1—Byfleet (E.S.); 2—Leatherhead, R. Mole (K.Mck.); 11—Aldfold, Surrey and Sussex Canal (E.W.S.). Cyclostoma elegans (Miill.). 1—Ranmore (E.S.); 6—Guild- ford (C.P.); g—Caterham (C.H.D.); Croydon (S.G., 1883, p. 2t2); Epsom, Headley (E.S.); 1o—Betchworth (E.S.); Reigate (S.L.E.S., 1895, p. 22). v. Marmorea Brown. 6—Guildford (C.P.); 1o—Limpsfield. v. albescens Des Moulins. 6—Guildford (C.P.). Acicula lineata (Drap.). 9—Gatton (K.McK.). Neritina fluviatilis (L.). 1—Weybridge, R. Thames (K.MckK. and J.E.C.); 2—Richmond, R. Thames (C.H.D.). Viviparus contectus (Millet). 2—Kew Gardens (E.S.); 1to— Flandford, near Reigate (Mr. E. Saunders some years ago) (K.McK.). V. viviparus (L.). 1—R. Wey (K.McK.); Molesey, Byfleet (E.S.); _2—Richmond (E.S.); 4—Basingstoke Canal (K.McK.); Woking (E.S.); 11—Surrey and Sussex Canal (K.Mck.). v. efasciata. 1-—Richmond. Bythinia tentaculata (L.). 1—Byfleet (E.S.); 2—Richmond, Barnes (C.H.D.); Putney Heath (E.S.); 4—Woking (E.S.); 8— Haslemere (C.P.); 11—Aldfold, Surrey and Sussex Canal (E.W.S.). M 175 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. VOL. 10, NO. 6, APRIL, 1902. v. rufescens (?)* 11—Aldfold - WSE): _ v. excavata Jeffr: (K.McK.). religetrsiens Pes 22 monst. decollatum Jeffr. (K. McK.); --2-+Barnes (T. D. A. Cockerell, S.G., 1885, p. 76); 11--Surrey and Sussex Canal Se. B. leachii (Shepp.). .9—Croydon (K.McK.). Valvata piscinalis (Miill.). 2—Barnes Common (C. H. Das 3—Waddon (K.McK.); g—-Epsom Common (E.S.); 11—Aldfold, Surrey and Sussex Canal (E.W.S.). V. cristata Mill. 1-—-Molesey (E.S.); 2-—Barnes (C.H:D.); 3 —Waddon (K.McK.); 11-—~Aldfold (E.W.S.). an Unio tumidus Phil. 2—Twickenham; 4—Basingstoke Canal (K.McK.). v. radiata Colb. 2—Twickenham (Garner). U. pictorum (L.). 2—Richmond, R. Thames (C.H.D.); 6— Guildford, R. Wey (K.McK.); to —S. Nutfield, R. Soften (R.A.B.). Anodonta cygnea (L.). 1--Fetcham Common (K.McK.); Wisley (E.S.); 2—Richmond Park (E.S.); 6—Godalming (E:S.); Frensham Pond; 8—Haslemere (C.P.); 1o—Reigate, Gatton Park (R.A.B.); S. Nutfield, R. Soften (R.A.B.); Limpsfield (S.G., 1887, p. 139); 11—Aldfold, R. Arun (E.W.S.). v. Stagnalis Sow. and v. incrassata Shepp. (K.McK.). A. anatina (L.). 2—Twickenham (The Garner); Richmond Park (E.S.); 6—Frensham and Hammer Ponds (E.W-S.). v. compressa. 2—Twickenham (Garner); 1o-—N. Nutfield (K.McK.). Sphzrium corneum (L.). 1—Bookham (E.S.); 2—Richmond (C.H.D.); Barnes (E.S.); 4—-Woking (E.S.); 9—Epsom (E.S.). S. rivicola (Leach). 1—Newark Abbey, Weybridge (K.McK.); 11—Near Cranleigh, Surrey and Sussex Canal (K.MckK.). S. pallidium Gray (=S. ovale Jeffr.). 2—Richmond (C.H.D.). S. lacustre (Miill.). 2—Wandsworth Common (K.McK.); Richmond Park (E.S.); 8—Haslemere (C.P.); Shottermill (E.W.S.); 11—Aldfold (E.W.S.). Pisidium amnicum (Miill.). 8—Haslemere (C.P.). P. fontinale (Drap.). 2—Richmond (C.H.D.); Sheen (E.S.); 8—Haslemere, Shottermill (C.P.). P. pusillum (Gmelin). 2—Barnes Common (C.H.D.). v. obtusalis (Lam.). 11—Charlwood (K.McK.). P. nitidum Jen. 2—Richmond (C.H.D.); Sheen (E.S.); | rr— Aldfold, Surrey and Sussex Canal (E.W.S.). P. milium Held.(—/P. rosewm Jeffr.). 2—Richmond Park (E.S.). Dreissensia polymorpha (Pall.). 1—Junction of the Thames and Wey (K.McK.); 7—Albury, Silent Pool (S.G., 1883, p. 222). PANNELL : THE LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA OF SURREY. 179 Briefly summarizing these observations it will be noted that the most thoroughly worked districts are numbers 1, 2, 8, 9 and 10, and that numbers 3, 4, 6, 7 and 11 present very poor results. From district 5 I have no returns and the neighbourhood of Egham, Chertsey, etc., would appear to have been unworked or perhaps by collectors to whose notes I have not had access. The slugs have had very scanty attention—the Arionidz are reported for ‘hree districts only (8, 9 and 10); the Limacidz for five districts (2, 6, 8, g and ro); and the Testacellidze for only ove district (9). Variation has had but limited consideration, but that is ground upon which a great number of conchologists tread tenderly and with caution. HASLEMERE, December oth, 1gor. Report on the Guide Bridge and Dukinfield Ramble, Sept. 7th, 1901.— This ramble proved a very satisfactory one in every respect, the weather being exceedingly fine. The district worked was from Guide Bridge along the canal to Dukinfield. The canal at the former district was in an extremely dirty condition, being thick with grease and iron rust, which does not, however, prove detrimental to molluscan life, for Physa heterostropha (Say), one of the attractions of this ramble, was extremely abundant and very fine, thriving fairly well along the walls. Plaz- orbis dilatatus was unfortunately out of season, though it was common enough in this locality in the early part of the year. Myalinza nitida, the only land shell taken, occurs along the canal walls, just above the water. On rounding the canal at Dukinfield, the water became a little purer, and further along, it was exceedingly clean, and Zizmmnea stagnal’s and L. peregra occurred here in profusion, some of them being remarkably fine, especially the latter, which were very large, some of the animals being of a bright yellow colour, contrasting strongly with the olive green colour of others. Another curious fact about them was, when picked up out of the water, they did not retreat within their shells, as usual, but remained extended. To all appearance the shell seemed too small to contain the whole animal. We were successful in obtaining many specimens of Paludestrina jenkinsi and P. ¢aylori, Whilst collecting in this spot about a week previously, I was fortunate in finding a remarkable Lz@a, and was again successful in obtaining another specimen during this ramble. I submitted the first specimen to Mr. Wm. Nelson, who examined it, in conjunction with Mr, J. W. Taylor, and thought it much resembled Zzmuea bulimoides (Lea), an American species. They were, however, of opinion that at present it would be unwise to consider it as another ‘‘introduction.” The following species were taken during the afternoon :— Limnea stagnalts (1..). Spherium corneum (1L.)- L. peregra (Miill.). S. pallidum (Gray). L. palustris (Miill.). Physa heterostropha (Say). L. auricularia (L.). P. fontinale (L.). L. bulimoides (Lea) ? Bythinia tentaculata (L.). Planorbis corneus (1). =: Valvata pisctnalts (Miill.). P. carinatus (Miill.). ae .. Paludestrina jenkinst (Smith). P. vortex (L. y are. | : ».P, taylor¢ (Smith). Piraiias (yooh a Hyalinia nitida (Mill. ).- J. W. Jackson (Read before the Socsedy, ‘Gases oth, rgor). 180 REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE APPOINTED TO DRAW UP A REVISED LIST OF BRITISH MARINE MUON Cas AND BRAC The Committee, after daitePsuabde: with a number of British and Foreign Conchologists, drew up a List, which was published with an explanatory preface in the Journal for January, 1901. Since its appearance, the Secretary has received a number of notes, comments and queries from various quarters, but the Committee are glad to find that the objections to the changes proposed in the list are not nearly so numerous as had been anticipated. The Committee have carefully considered the various suggestions received and have modified. or enlarged, the list where this seemed necessary, and they have now the honour to lay before the Council a list as perfect as it is in their power to prepare. The British area for the purpose of this list has been taken as thus defined by the Rev. Canon Norman (Azz. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) vol. 5, p- 345, 454, 1890):— South —By latitude 49° 30’ N., which parallel passing eastwards terminates at longitude 5° 0’ W., or midway between the Land’s End and Brest. Thence mid-Channel is followed until latitude 51° 50’ N. is reached off the east coast. Last--From latitude 51° 50’ N., longitude 2° 30’ I%. is taken as the eastern boundary northwards. North— Latitude 60° o’ N., coming from the west as far as longitude 5° o’ W., thence due north-east to longitude 1° 0’ W., thence due east to meet the eastern boundary at 2° 30’ E. West--Down to the base of the continent at 1,500 fathoms. The only alteration made by the Comniittee has been a detour of the southern boundary to include the Channel Islands. In the matter of classification the Committee have not followed any individual system, but have endeavoured to adopt the most recent views of specialists in each department. In the vexed question of Nomenclature it has been judged best to follow the rules of the International Zoological Congress. This has involved the adoption of the tenth edition of the ‘‘Systema Natur” of Linné as the starting- point of binomial nomenclature. This last determination has been the cause of the majority of the changes which will be found in the List, Authorities for species which have since their creation been transferred to different genera are given in parentheses. Since Jeffreys’ ‘‘ British Conchology”’ still necessarily forms the text-book of our collectors, it has been thought advisable in those cases where the name adopted in this list differs from that used by Jeffreys to give the latter in square brackets: thus— Pteria Scopolt [=Avzcula]. A few other synonyms have been similarly inserted. When a variety only, and not the typical form of the species, is British, the name of the latter is placed in parentheses: thus— (clavatus Po/z)). v. dumasi Payraudeau The names of a few species whose claims to be regarded as British are very doubtful have been placed in square brackets: thus— [islandicus AfiiZ/er]. A number of varietal names, apparently based merely on monstrous, stunted, aborted, or young specimens, have been omitted. aN a REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON BRITISH MARINE MOLLUSCA. 181 The Committee have to acknowledge the kind assistance of the following gentlemen :—Messrs. L. St. G. Byne, W. H. Dall, J. T. Marshall, R. B. Newton, E. A. Smith, R. Standen, E. R. Sykes, B. B. Woodward, and the Rev. Canon A. M. Norman. These gentlemen must not, however, be held responsible for any of the shortcomings of the list. The Committee have found the amount of agreement between different authorities greater than had been anticipated, but there are still many questions on which the discrepancies of opinion seem to be irreconcilable. The Committee do not imagine that the present list can be regarded as final, but if they have succeeded in producing a document which will be a help to students of conchology the object of their appointment will have been fulfilled. The following are the corrections to be made in the list already published, to- gether with a few explanatory notes on questions regarding which differences of opinion have arisen. The numbers refer to the species in the list; genera are referred to by the num- her of the first species. The fact that the old Linnean genus Chiton is broken up by writers of such eminence as Pilsbry and Simroth into several families is sufficient to show that its divisions are at all events of generic value. 25 The type of Nuculana Link is . Bell, Children and J. de C. and G. B. vostrata, a true Leda, and therefore Sowerby. As the last two were the as this name precedes Leda of Schu- conchological members of the group macher it is entitled to stand. it seems reasonable to credit them 59 Pristigloma Dall, because Gomes with the description of this species. is preoccupied. 174 TIMOCLEA Leach tx Brown. 61 For Modiolus Lamarck substitute | 175 CHAMEL&A H. & A. Adams, Klein Volsella Scopoli, which has the being pre- Linnean. same type (AZytelus modiolus 1..), | 195 Gari Schumacher has precedence of and is prior in date of creation. Psammob?a Lamarck by one year. 65 This species was placed by its de- Above this insert the family name scriber in AZyi7ma, but as that name ** GARIDA..” is preoccupied the next available,-| 197 For v. pallida A/arshall read viz. Adwla H. & A. Adams, has Cockerell, been adopted. 205 Pharus Leach im Gray. 76 Pennant’s species is clearly figured | 216 Barnea Leach 71 Ksso. and unmistakeable, whereas it is ex- | 218 Zirpheea Leachin Grayadd[ = Pholas| tremely difficult, if not impossible, to Martesia striata to precede Pho- determine to which of the Linnean ladidea loscombiana. species the British form is to be re- Martesia Leach in Blainville. tO 1o>) wo ferred; hence it is not advisable to | 239 Thracia Leach in Blainville. use the term 7712s. 267 For evidence see Jeffreys, Jac. 108 The shell is called Cardium hu- Zool. Soc., 1882, p. 657. manum in the tenth edition of | 274 Delete ‘‘v. depressa Penzan/,” and Linné. It was altered to Chama cor insert as a species. in the twelfth, but in accordance depressa Pennant [= athlelica). with the principles mentioned above | 275 For Patina Leach im Gray read the earlier name has been adopted. Helcion A/ontfort. The British tog For Arctica Schumacher read Cy- form does not seem to be generically prina Lamarck; the former name distinct from Montfort’s type Patella being preoccupied for a Bird. i pecttnata Born. 114 For Cryptodon read Thyasira | 285 Delete ‘‘ Emarginula elongata.” Leach in Lamarck (see Dall, Proc. | 326 Delete ‘‘v. clausa Jeffreys.” U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 23, p. 784, | 346 Zippora Leach zx Gray. Igo!) ; this genus includes nos. 114- | 357 Assiminea Leach in Fleming. 118, and 120. Add Leptaxinus | 359 stagnalis (Laster) not Basterot. Verrill & Bush to include nos. 119 | 371 add [= érwacatula). and 121. 381 Natica catena v. leckenbyi, for 131 Laszwa Leach zx Brown. evidence see Aven. Nat.'\777s1. (4) vol. 139 turtoni Sowerdy. The editors of the 16, p. 393, Dec., 1875. Zoological Journal at this time were | 467 Jeffreys in Monterosato. 182 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. f0, NO. 6, APRIL, 1902,” 468 Here insert : 542 Reduce THESBIA, PLEUROTOMELLA, anceps Marshall. ; I TERES, and BELLARDIELLA to the 471 Here insert : rank of subgenera, petitiana Bruseva. 569 Haminea Leach in Gray. 487 Cassidaria [echinophora]; see /. | 57° Roxania Leach in Gray. Conch., vol. 7, p. 381, 1894. 577 punctata (/. Adams). 496 After Morch add [= Fusus], soz O Seana Lesh eae 700 Alexia Leach in Gray. denticulata A/ontagu [=myosotis v. ringens |. v. myosotis Draparnaud. The generic name /wsuzs does not occur because all the British forms have now been separated into other enera. 511 ee evidence see Wyville Thomson, | 718 For OCTOPODID read ‘“ Depths of the Sea,” p. 86. POLYPODIDA. 522 Bela Leach 7x Gray. Polypus /. G. Schneider | = Octopus). 535 costata sf ecostata. 720 Moschites 7. G. Schneider [= Eledone. | Report on the Marple Ramble, July 27th, r901.—Marple has, apart from its scenic beauties, for many years past been a favourite hunting ground of the Man- chester naturalists, and conchologists especially have found the calm basins of the canal locks, fringed and in some cases, partially overgrown with reeds, the damp shady woods, and river banks, most prolific in molluscan life—about fifty species having been recorded from the district. It was here that the late Mr. Thomas Rogers first discovered Ayalznza glabra, and this alone gives, and will continue to give, a peculiar iterest to the locality. The party proceeded along the canal banks in the direction of Romiley, crossing and passing underneath the aque- duct bridge, along the banks of the Goyt, and thence through the fields and woods to Compstall. In spite of the long drought many shells were obtained, and the canal yielded practically all the species hitherto recorded in the pages of the Journal, which it is scarcely necessary to recapitulate. Helix nemoralis and 7. arbustorum still exist, but in yearly diminishing numbers, doubtless owing to the poisoning of the herbage by smoky rain, and the ravages of Thrushes and Field- mice. Judging from the quantity of nibbled shells found in the runs of the field-mice, these little rodents must destroy great numbers of snails in the course of a season. It was noted with much satisfaction that a colony of A. /artenszs had become established in an extensive patch of nettles and willowherb, which has for years been known as the home of &. zemoralis, but this species has almost disappeared and is apparently being supplanted by its smaller congener. The colony of % hortensis is principally composed of very beautiful forms of v. coa/ita and v. arenzcola, with a few of the type. Both species were found burrowing deeply into the soil, and in the act of depositing eggs. All the Hyalénie occur, some species in fair numbers, but it is noticeable that Azlimas obscurus, Claustlia perversa, Cl. laminata, Pupa anglhica, P. cplindracea, Vertigo edentula, Helix fusca and H. aculeata are not nearly so abundant as formerly, although fair series of each of these may still be procured by careful search under suitable conditions, and at the proper season.-—R, STANDEN (Read before the Society, October 9th. 1901). SOME UNDESCRIBED VARIETIES OF CYPRAA. By Mrs. AGNES KENYON. (Read before the Society, Jan. 8, 1902). Havinc thought it well to bring under the notice of the scientific world some varieties of Cyfrea hitherto unnoticed, I wish to draw attention to the following :— Cyprea tigris L. v. lineata nov. Fiji. © Differing from the type in possessing a number of hair-like lines, passing longitudinally across the dorsal surface, from the anterior to the posterior extremity. I do not think these can be lines of growth, as I have one specimen ‘in which the lines are transverse, but do not extend over the whole surface; also three specimens and several others not so fine or distinctly marked. C. mappa L. v. viridis nov. New Caledonia. Two uncommon varieties, one with the dorsal surface suffused with a greenish tint, base coloured rose pink, columella side adorned with central brownish blotch; in another specimen both dorsal surface and base are coloured ereen, especially the base which does not show any blotch. Another specimen from Maldon Island shows a rich dark brown dorsal surface relieved by the usual markings. The margins are adorned with large black spots, which also encroach on the sides of the shell; the spotting is similar to the marginal spots of some specimens of C. f7gr7s: there is a dark basal blotch. C. bregeriana Crosse v. barbara nov. New Caledonia. Shell differing from C, dvegertana in the fineness of the dentition and with- out the violet coloured interstices, interior lined with white, not violet purple as in C. dregeriana. ‘The shape is not pyriform but straitened and more cylindrical, dorsal surface depressed and sculpture adorning it consisting solely of the embedded white spotting, which extends in unbroken continuity over the entire surface of the shell. Margin maize or saffron coloured, having brownish blotch on the centre of the labium. Dorsal surface light cream colour. The type specimen unfortunately was not a living one and the dorsal surface is somewhat eroded, but portions remain entire. There is a very obvious divergence from C. bregeriana (in which the embedded white specks are confined to the margins and the dorsal surface is thickly covered by olive brownish freckles on a greenish-tinted ground, and the centre darkly banded across, the margins are more or less plentifully sprinkled by large dark coloured spots, extremities also spotted). A good illustra- tion of C. dregeriana is given in ‘Thes. Conch.,’ figure 536. The. dissimilarity of this variety is therefore very apparent. C. helvola L. v. borneensis nov. Borneo. Shell differing from C. he/vola in being smaller in size and having narrower sides, not 184 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. 6, APRIL, 1903. incrassated or angulated, dorsal surface reddish pink sprinkled with white, sparsely overlaid with brown spotting, base and extremities white, young specimens reddish pink unspotted. A subvariety is of a faint lilac or lavender hue, spotted with white, base slightly tinged with yellow, young specimens unspotted. It is an extremely rare variety. C. helvola v. timorensis nov. ‘Timor Island, vicinity of N.W. Australia. Shell differing from C. 4e/vo/a in having white, not lilac, extremities which are calloused, twin callosities at the posterior extremity, dentition, dorsal surface and base same as in type. C. poraria L. v. vibex nov. New Caledonia and New Hebrides. Type specimen of considerably larger size than normal examples of C. poraria, and distinguished by a white porcellanous band or stripe not raised but showing quite distinctly, stretching from one extremity to the other, thus dividing the dorsal surface into two equal parts. Some years ago I received from the New Hebrides a specimen of the usual size and appearance of C. poraria, except for the dis- tinctive band, and several shewing the band half completed, ze., in the exact centre but abruptly curtailed and not reaching to the extremities, at that time I was inclined to consider this as merely a freak of nature, but now having received so magnificent a specimen from New Caledonia, thus evidencing its existence in two different localities, I think it should be classed as a variety. C. miliaris Gmelin v. diversa nov. Sharks Bay, West Australia, Shell as in type but scarcely so rotund. Specimens very light in colour, almost white but shewing spotting perfectly; they are quite distinct from C. ebuznea Barnes, the teeth are not so coarse, the enamel of the dorsal surface is not so shining, the interior is coloured pink or pale violet, while the interior of C. ebwrnea is either white or orange; the specimens are comparatively small. I think the discovery of this variety proves the complete separation of the two BBE Les G. eburnea and C. miliarts. C. carneola Reeve v. rubiola nov. Hawaiian Islands. Shell resembling type specimens as nearly as possible (where there exists such variety in form, colour and sculpture) except in colouration of teeth which are bright rose pink in contradistinction to the purple hued dentition of C. carneola or the colourless base and dentition of C. lebbeckiana Weinkauff, which Cyfrea almost approximates to the distinction of shape which exists between C. exusta and C. taffa, the ends being more produced, the dentition finer, the shape more pyriform than that of C. carneola and the dorsal surface most frequently unicoloured, the cornelian bands being absent from C. /eédeckiana or shewing so faintly as to be almost invisible. I have a number specimens, one or two only with bands of colour. 185 A FEW NOTES ON IMPORTED MOLLUSCA. By W. A. GREEN. COMMUNICATED BY R. WELCH. (Read before the Society, February 12, 1902), THE introduction of mollusca from various places on imported goods is a branch of conchological investigation that well repays the student for the time devoted to it. By this means we come across shells that would otherwise be unknown to us, and we are also able to form an idea of at least a possible means by which new species turn up from time to time in various parts of the country. In the midst of my daily labours I occasionally find time to glance at a case of Californian apples being opened, or the unpacking of a bunch of bananas for the sake of beetles, spiders, etc., that are con- stantly found lodged among them. The latter, however, are usually the most productive, when the living shells contained in the refuse, left over from the processes of cleaning foreign fruit, have been conveyed by farmers and gardeners who purchase it for manure. Helix pisana has reached me by this means. One specimen almost full grown and several smaller ones, but in all cases alive. Adams, I find, only records it for Cornwall in England, the southern counties of Wales, and in Ireland, the east coast extending from about Drogheda to Rush, so that in Belfast we may look upon it as an occasional visitor. Helix guamartemes Grass., as Dr. Scharff has kindly named it for me, is in his opinion limited to the El] Monte district on the island of Gran Canaria. Helix carthusiana appears to have been introduced into Belfast with currants from Greece. I understand that after the currants are pulled they are spread out to dryin the sun, presumably on the bare ground. When this has been accomplished they are shovelled into boxes with sand, small pebbles, shells and other foreign substances. In this manner they are shipped for the English market, and it is almost needless to say, therefore, that currants have to undergo extensive cleaning operations before being sold. Helix pyramidalis is the name given by Dr. Scharff to a shell which I had in my collection labelled 4. virgata. He tells me that it is frequent along the coast of the Mediterranean and occurs with the shell before mentioned. These examples were imported in dried sultana raisins from Turkey in Asia. Shells are much more frequent in the alee than in currants, although the former arrive perfectly clean and require no washing, 186 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. 6, APRIL, 1902, This, coupled with the fact that they are usually alive, whilst those in the currants are invariably dead, leads me to suppose that they have a partiality for trees and possibly rest on the sultana vines, whence they are pulled off and packed with the fruit, instead of being gathered up off the ground like the foregoing species. One specimen shows the epiphragm just as it was when picked out of the sultana box. I obtained about one dozen specimens altogether, mostly of the tessellated variety which Adams names radiata in his account of 7. virgata, and all, without exception, constant in having a dark nucleus. The shell is much more pyramidal in shape than #Z. virgata and the base is flatter. ett Physa acuta, which has.made itself at home under similar circumstances at Kew, was found inside one of the houses in the Dublin Botanic Gardens. It is almost impossible to say definitely what part of the globe these specimens may have come from, as the tanks are stocked with lilies from so many different places. I think it most likely, however, that this one came with the Victoria Regia lily from Brazil, but as Mr. McArdle informs me that these plants have been a long time in cultivation it seems strange that the shell has never been noticed before. PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF GREAT BRITAIN & IRELAND. 306th Meeting, January 8th, 1902. Mr. J. Cosmo Melvill in the chair. Donations to the Library announced and thanks voted: The usual periodicals received in exchange. Candidates Proposed for Membership Mr. Walter J. Hall; Mr. J. T. Wadsworth. Resignation. Mir We J. Jiones, ir. Member Deceased. Lieut.-Col. C. E. Beddome, on September Ist, 1898. Papers Read. ‘Some varieties of Cypraea,”” by Mrs. omyorme ‘Buckinghamshire Mollusca: New Records,” by Alfred Leicester. Exhibits. By Mr. F. F. Laidlaw: New species of Oprsthostoma and Rap ierdee from Malay Peninsula. By Mr. F. Taylor: “ydrodia sterni vy. Mts., from DOTS, for SONAL with Paludestrina taylor’ Sm. By Mr. J. Cosmo Melvill: On behalf of Mrs. A, Kenyon, a large number of Cyprea, including the species mentioned in her paper, and many other forms of more or less interest. By Mr. W. Moss:. A collection of land and freshwater shells from Barbados, collected by Mr. L. B. Brown, and including twenty-one out of the thirty-one species as yet recorded for the island, and some small species not yet identified. PROCEEDINGS : MARCH 19, 1902. 187 307th Meeting, Feb, 12th, r19oz. Mr. Edward Collier in the chair. ~ ; Donations to the Library announced and thanks voted : ** Land und Siisswasser conchylien von Ukerewe, etc.” by Dr. E. von Martens. ‘*Sur Vorganisation interne du Pleuvotomaria beyricht,” by E. L. Bouvier and H. Fischer. ‘*On two new and three hitherto unfigured species of Plectopylis from Tonkin,” by G. K. Gude (from the authors) ; and the usual publications received in exchange. 5 New Members Elected. Walter J. Hall, Manchester Museum, Owens College, Manchester. John T. Wadsworth, 15, Deramore Street, Moss Side, Manchester. Candidate Proposed for Membership. Mr. Ernest Pattison. Papers Read. ** Note on the Drying of Chitons,” by J. G. Edwards. ‘© A few notes on Imported Mollusca,” by W. A. Green, communicated by R. Welch. Exhibits. By Mr. B. R. Lucas: Clausilia dorrt, Cl. giardi, and Fterocyclos nambuensts, from Tonkin ; Jedlenta harmandi, J. nodata, from Mekong; and Amphidromas perversus, from Poulo Condore. By Mr. R. Standen: Chzton (Craspedochilus) cinereus, from Colwyn Bay, illus- trating the method of tying the specimens, as collected, in order to prevent their curling up. On behalf of the Manchester Museum a number of Cuban Helicidze were exhi- bited, and Mr. Edward Collier also shewed his collection, including beautiful series of the section Pofymita, a group which is peculiar to the island, and includes the varied and brilliantly coloured Ae/ex prcta. In illustration of Mr. Green’s paper on ‘‘ Imported Mollusca,” a number of lantern slides were exhibited. 308th Meeting, March roth, rgoz. Mr. Edward Collier in the chair. Donations to the Library announced and thanks voted : ‘A revised census of the Marine Mollusca of Tasmania,” by R. Tate and W. L. May; ‘On the genus Acavas Mont.” ; ‘‘On Despena ctunamomea n. sp.” ; *“Non-Marine Mollusca of Norfolk and Philip Islands”; ‘‘ Notes on the genus Temesa” ; and ‘‘ Zoological Record for 1900, Mollusca and Brachiopoda,” by E. R. Sykes ( from the respective authors). Donations to the Cabinet announced and thanks voted : Specimens of Zzma é7ans from Millport, from the President; the specimens illustrating the new records mentioned in Mr. Whitwell’s paper, from the author. New Member Elected. Ernest Pattison, 52, Regent Road, Leicester. Papers Read. “ Tapes geographicus and 7. puliastra,” by J. T. Marshall. ‘A final note on 7. geographicus,”’ by B. B. Woodward. ‘* New Records for Surrey and East Sussex,” by W. Whitwell. _ Exhibits. A series of thirty species of Odontostomus was exhibited by Messrs. Collier, Hardy, Melvill, Standen and the Manchester Museum, including O. /eucotrema Beck, O. janezrensis Sowerby, O. bahiens’s Moricand, O. acony2gastanus Dohrn, O. champaguianus Doering, O. pucaranus Doering, O. réojanus Doering, O. 188 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. 6, APRIL, 19032. alvarextt VOrb., O. sudbsexdentatus Doering, O. saléricola WVoering, O. bergic Doering, O. martensit Doering, and Anctus laminiferus Ancey. By Mr. J. W. Baldwin: A thin shelled form of He/iv nemoradis from Douglas, Isle of Man. The Donations to the Cabinet above mentioned. Exhibits for Next Meetings. It was decided to hold the following :— April 9th - - - Sphzrium and Pisidium May 14th - - - - Placostylus June 11th - - - - Hyalinia Members are requested to send specimens for exhibition and comparison. BIBLIOGRAPHY. (LIMITED TO WORKS RECEIVED BY THE SOCIETY’S LIBRARIAN). The Journal of Malacology, vol. 8, no. 4, Dec. 30, Igor. *©On some Land Shells from British East Africa” [Hinea weandensis, Mar- tensia permanens, Limicolaria dohertyz, Opeas creniulata, nn.spp. figd.}., by E. A. SMITH. ‘* The Anatomy of the British Species of the Genus So/e” [with pl. 8], by H. H. Bloomer. ‘“‘ Descriptions of Five New Species of Shells,” by G. B. SOWERBY [Conus beddome?, Pisania delicalula, Vanikoro expansa, Mangitlia eudelt, Cardium hungerfordz, figd.]. ‘* Descriptions of New Species of Xesta, Amphidro- mus, and Cyclostoma, from Madagascar and Perak” LX. piperata, A. perakensis, C. sikore, figd.), by H. FuLtTon. ‘* Malacological Notes,” by E. R. SykEs [Cyclostoma giganteum shown to be really three species, for one of which the new name Aferostoma confusum is proposed. Voluta beau? figd.; Cyprea exusta=C. talpa var. ; Murdochia Ancey = Cytora Kob. & Mildff.]. ‘On two New and three hitherto unfigured Species of Plectopylis | P. pilsbryana, P. hirsuta, P. moellendorfii ; several other spp. figd.] from Tonkin,” by G. K. GupE. ‘* Description of some New Species of Slugs collected by Mr. H. Fruhstorfer,” by W. E. CoLLincr [Myotesta n.g. for AL, fruhstorfer? and AZ, punctata nn.spp., Tonkin, PAzloneycus Jruhstorfert Japan, P. dendriticus Tonkin, nn.spp. Alicroparmarion brunneopallescens Annam, 4/. avnamica nn. for AZ. andamanica, Veronicella fruhstorfert, V. himerta, nn.spp., Tonkin]. ‘* Notes on two Californian Nudibranchs” [Coryphella todina, Hermissenda opatescens|, by T. D. A. COCKERELL. ‘‘ Physa heterostropha Say, in South Staffordshire,” by JOHN Linvon. ‘4 malia gagates Drap., at Sutton Cold- field,” by H. OVERTON. ‘“‘Zimav maximus Ji., at Los Angeles, California,” by T. D. A. COCKERELL. The Nautilus, Dec., 1901-March, 1902, vol. £5, nos. 8-11. ‘‘Land Shells of Fortune Island, Bahamas,” by J. B. HeNpDeRSON, Jr. [4 spp: annotated]. ‘‘ Collecting Shells in Montana,” by M. J. ELrop. ‘‘ A New Species of Liomesus” [L. nassula Behring Sea], by W. H. DALL. ‘‘ A new Ze¢hys [T. rittert | from California,” by T. D. A. COCKERELL. ‘‘ Japanese V7vipava [ V. stel- maphora) in California,” by Rk. E. C. STEARNS. ‘‘ The Shell-bearing Mollusca of Rhode Island,” by H. F. CARPENTER [costznaed |. “A Day on the Great Barrier Reef,” by C. HEDLEY. ‘‘A New Species and Sub- species of Jamaican J7eurodonte” [P. vacillans, P. soror v. peracuta), by H. VeENDRYES. ‘‘A New Species of Volutomitra” (V. alaskana]. by W. H. DALL. “Notes on Ashmunella,” by T. D. A. COCKERELL and Mary Coorer [Com- parison of A. ¢homsoniana and A. portere}]. ‘* Description of a New U7z7zo from Tenessee,” by W. A. MARSH [Quadrula andrvewsiz}. ‘* Notices of New Japanese Land Shells,” by H. A. PILsBRY [Chlorzeis perpunctatus, Gaiesella sororcula, G. BIBLIOGRAPHY. 189 optima, Macrochlamys cerasina, Eulota cavicornis, Mandarina exoptata, Aficro- cystina hahapjimana, wn.spp., (fivasca n.g. for H. westotéca, and A. chtchijimana nn.spp.]. ** He/¢x aspersa increasing in California,” by J. Kerr. “A Revision of the Carinate Valvatas of the U.S.,” by B. WALKER [3 spp. described and annotated]. ‘‘Pestatene strengté n.sp.” (Michigan, N.Y., Ohio, and Indiana}, by V. STERKI. ‘‘ Note on the Names Zlachista and Fleurotomaria,” by W. H. Dat [A/adena proposed for the former). “‘ The original locality of Limnea ampla Mighels” (Mud Lake or Second Lake, Maine], by O. O. NYLANDER. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, vol. 53, part 2, April-Aug., 1goT. ** New Land Mollusca {14 spp.] from Japan and the Loo Choo Islands,” by H. A. PitsBry. ‘‘ New Japanese Marine, Land and Freshwater Mollusca,” by H. A. PILSBRY [22 spp., mostly figd.]. ‘* The Land Mollusks of the Loo Choo Islands : Clausiliidze,” by H. A. Pirspry [11 spp., belonging to five different sub-genera ; they indicate affinity with the Japanese fauna]. ‘‘ Additions to the Japanese Land Snail Fauna, IV.,” by H. A. Pitspry [3 nn.spp., with figures of many others]. ** Notices of [13] New Land Snails from the Japanese Empire,” by H. A. Pruspry. “Cymbuliopses vitrea, a New Species of Pteropod,” [from Monterey Bay, Cal.], by H. HeaATH and M. H. SPAULDING. Records of the Australian Museum, vol. 4, no. 5. “© 4 New Permo-Carboniferous Genus (Aceeza) of Pleurotomariide, and a Straparollus in New South Wales,” by R. EPHERIDGE, Junr. ‘‘ Two undescribed Pelecypoda from the Lower Cretaceous of Queensland in the Collection of the Australian Museum,” by R. ETHERIDGE, Junr. The Irish Naturalist, vol. 11, nos. 1-3, Jan.-March, 1902. “New Locality for Paludestrina jenkinst” [Ben Head, Co. Meath], by Miss A. L. Massy. ‘* Marine Mollusca at Port Stewart,” by R. Wetci [8 additions to list published by Rev. G. A. Frank Knight]. ‘* Additions [14] to the List of Mollusca of Clonbrock,” by R. WELCH. ‘‘Egys of Aréon hortensis,” by R. WELCH [oviposition observed]. ‘* Mollusca from Shell-Marl,” by Rk, WELCH. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of South Australia, vol. 25, part 2, Dec., 1901. ‘Fossil Polyplacophora from Eocene Beds of Victoria,” by E. AsHBy and W. G. Torr. ‘* On the Occurrence of Miocene Limestones at Edithburgh and their Stratigraphical Relationship to the Eocene of Wool Bay,” by H. BAsEpow, with ‘“* Description of a New Species [ 7ée/iza basedowt |,” by Prof. R. TATE. La Feuille des Jeunes Naturalistes, nos. 375-377, Jan.-March, 1902. ** Notes de géographie malacologique. —Un mollusque terrestre 4 grande disper- sion ; Papa (Lauria) cylindracea Da Costa (P. umbilicata Dorp.),” by FE. MARGIER [Scotland and Scandinavia, and Livonia to Morocco and Abyssinia]. ‘* Note géolo- gique, Faunule du Vésulien (Bathonien Inferieur) de la cdte d’ Andelarre (Haute- Sadne)”, by P. PETITCLERC. The Naturalists’ Journal, vol. 11, no. 117, March, 1902. ** Stour Provost, Dorset: Mollusca.” by E.W.S. [Avdon subfuscus new to county]. “Sur Vorganisation interne du Plecrotomarta beyrichii Hilg.,” by E. L. Bou- VIER and H. FISCHER (Comptes rendus, April 1, 1901). “Finige von Dr. F. Stuhlmann auf der Expedition Emin Pascha’s in den Landschaften Ukwere, Ukami, Usagara, und Ugogo gesammelten Land- und Siisswasser-Conchylien,” by E. v. MARTENS [ABzdémdnus trichrous n.sp., 2 nn.varr. | (Ges. naturf. Fr. Berlin, 1891, no. 1). ““A Revision of the Limnzas of Northern Illinois,” by F. C. Baker [9 spp. and several sub.-spp. recognized, figured on plate and woodcuts] ( 7vazs. Acad. Sez, St, Louts, yol. 11, no. 1), 1990 ADDITIONS TO “BRITISH CONCHOLOGY.” (Continued from page 128). By J. T. MARSHALL. Eulima bilineata Alder (continued). Var. albida Marsh. n.var.—Ground colour of the shell whitish, without coloured bands. I have this from the Scilly Islands, 40 f., and N. Rona Island, 24 f.; Adventure Bank, Mediterranean, 92 f. (“ Porcupine”) ! and the same district in 120 f. (“Shearwater”) ! Var. exigua Marsh. (/. Conch., vol. 7, p. 258, 1893).—In this variety, which is found only occasionally with the type, the spire is proportionally slimmer, more so than a young &. swdudata of the same size. A figure of it will be found in “British Mollusca” (pl. 92, fig. 9). It differs from Z. jeffreyséana, which is of similar size and proportions, in that the latter is more regularly conical in the spire, more pointed. in the base, and without bands. Var. ev7gwa was dredged by gus “Porcupine” off the Island of Pantellaria in 390 f., and by the “ Sylvia ’ in the Straits of Korea in 20f, £. subulata has a corresponding form (var. xana Jeffr.), but that is not found on the British coasts. Natica Adans.—All the species of British Naticidz have a horny operculum with the exception of WV. affinis, in which it is calcareous ; in all the sexes differ, and are easily recognisable, the males having a smaller body-whorl, a narrower mouth, and a more produced spire. N. islandica Gm.—St. Andrews (M’Intosh); Sutherlandshire, from fish stomachs (Baillie)! Doggerbank, 40 miles N.E. by E. from Scarborough, 35 f. ; West Orkneys, 45 f.; and North Rona, 24 f. Specimens from the Shetlands belong to the Arctic form, and are considerably larger and have a more elongated spire than those from other parts of the British coasts and from the Crag formation ; the - usual size of the two latter is half-an-inch in length. Jeffreys figures the Shetland form, and Sowerby the more usual British coast one. N. groenlandica Beck.—Aberdeenshire (Simpson) ! 50 miles off Peterhead (“Triton”)! Doggerbank, 30 miles off Scarborough, not uncommon. This species is globosely oval, and always longer than broad. Both Jeffreys’ and Sowerby’s figures indicate the shell of the female, while Forbes and Hanley figure a half-grown specimen of the male. I de- scribed the animal in 1875." 'N. sordida Phil.—St. Bride’s Bay, very fine (Wilkinson) ! Suther- landshire, from the stomach of a haddock (Baillie) ! The colour of this species is every shade of brown, but specimens from Fetlar — are fawn-coloured. se aes 1 ‘North Sea Dredging,” Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist:, ser. 4, vol. ae P. 393, 1875. MARSHALL : ADDITIONS To ‘‘ BRITISH CONCHOLOGY.” 19f - Some of the specimens from St. Bride’s Bay are intermediate between this species and the next ; they have the characteristic um- bilicus of WV. sordida, but are greyish, thin, and globular, with convex whorls, like A. cafexa. I have great doubts about Mr. Clark’s Exmouth record for this species. N. catena DaCos.—-The ground colour of this shell is cinereous or dove-colour, passing into buff of various shades. Those from the Channel Islands are cinereous, while those from the west of Ireland are a bright buff, very large and solid. Var. leckenbyi Marsh.'—Aberdeenshire (Simpson) ! Doggerbank, tof. This can easily be mistaken for the globular form of . sorivida, previously mentioned, but the umbilicus is very different. Var. conico-ovalis Jeffr.—Herm Island and Torbay. N. glaucina L.—Ground colour variable, white, pink, fawn, or buff of various shades. The name—g¢aweina—is not very apposite. Var. lactea Jeffr.—Scilly (Smart and others): Aberdeenshire (Simp- son)! Guernsey and Herm; Milford Haven. Var. subovalis Jeffr.—Aberdeenshire (Simpson) ! Herm Island, Scilly, Milford Haven, and Bantry Bay. Not always fawn-coloured. This and the previous variety are well figured in “ British Mollusca ” as unnamed varieties of V. zt7da.- This one resembles VV. macz/enta Phil., but the umbilicus is different. Var. ventricosa Jeffr.—Birterbuy Bay (Walpole). This species has a wide variation in shape, size, markings, and length of spire. Dredged specimens are much smaller than those living between tide-marks. A large form from Torbay has a produced spire and rounded whorls, resembling a half-grown J. catena var. conica- ovals; and a monstrosity from Guernsey is compressed and elongated. It is abundant near low-water mark at Herm, and on a hot day, on the return of the tide, they spring out of the sand faster than they can be picked up ; on one occasion I gathered quite a pint in this way. The authors of “ British Mollusca” record ‘‘a fine example, ten lines in length by two less in breadth,” but this must be erroneous, and it was more probably an example of VV. catena var. conico-ovalis. N. montacuti Forb.—1o0 to 140 fathoms. Off Fermain Bay, Guernsey, 18 f., a single specimen in 1874 ; Scilly Islands, rare. Var. albula Jeffr.—Doggerbank, 40 f.: the Minch, 30 f.; West Orkneys and East Shetlands. Var. conica Jeffr.—Doggerbank, 40 f.; the Minch, 30 f. ; Aber- deenshire, West Orkneys, and East Shetlands. The last two varieties are sometimes combined in one form, Two unnamed varieties from the Shetlands correspond to the vars. swbovalis and ventricosa of VV. glaucina. I have a monstrosity from Lamlash 1 Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, vol. Ape | 192 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. 6, APRIL, 1902. which is compressed, like /e/’x obvoluta, the spire being quite flat and the umbilicus considerably expanded. Another from the same ground has a barnacle as large as itself attached to it. On some dredging-grounds the surface of the shell is much eroded or pitted, and the spire frequently so. Jeffreys’ figure is the type, and Sowerby’s the var. conica, but both are too large ; four lines in length and breadth is the maximum size, as given by Forbes and Hanley, and their figure is just the thing. N. affinis Gm.—-This species has been dredged well within sight of the British Isles, and is entitled to be considered indigenous (see J. Conch., vol. 7, pp. 258-9, 1893). Var. e/adiox Moll. has been dredged in the Shetland-Fzerce Channel (“Triton”)! It is analogous to WV. montacutt vay. contca. The JV. xana of Moller resembles the last species in having the umbilicus covered in the adult stage by a shelly pad, but the oper- culum is horny. Two dead specimens were dredged in the Minch in 80 f. during the “ Porcupine ” cruise of 1869. It is similar in size and shape to WV. glaucina var. subovalts. Ihave a specimen of Neri¢a wirginea 1, from Guernsey, and Mr. Heathcote another which was dredged at Port Erin, Isle of Man. It is West Indian. . Two living specimens of Solarium siculum Cant. were dredged by the “Porcupine” off Valentia, Ireland, in 113-180 f., and several specimens of S. carocollatum Lamk. on the Channel slopes in 257— 539 f. (Jeffreys), while a living specimen of SS. pseudoperspectivum Broce. was dredged by the *‘ Research ” sixty miles off Cape Clear in 400 f. (Bourne). Adeorbis subcarinatus Mont. —Scilly Islands (Smart and others): Jersey (Duprey and J.T.M.); Aberdovey ; Mayo, Sligo, and Bundoran ; Oban, Iona, and N. Rona. Var. interrupta Marsh. n.var.—Shell more depressed and quoit- shaped, with three carinations instead of six—-one underneath, one at the base, and one surrounding the suture of the penultimate whorl. Sometimes there is a fourth ridge round the periphery. Found in the Channel and Scilly Islands with the type, and probably in other places, but rare. I first discovered this species alive in 1868, at Herm Island, and sent a specimen to Gwyn Jeffreys, who made a note of it (‘Brit. Conch.,’ vol. 5, p. 216); two years afterwards, in the same island, I was fortu- nate in discovering its habitat, with plenty of specimens, adhering under large stones which are firmly and sometimes deeply embedded in muddy sand, at low water of ordinary tides. My written notes of the animal, accompanied by a rough sketch, agree with the descrip- (To be continued ). MARSHALL : ADDITIONS TO “BRITISH CONCHOLOGY. ” 193 tion of Mr. Duprey,’ whose specimens were found in a similar habitat at Jersey, and they are not uncommon in all the islands if properly searched for. The only other locality in which I have taken living specimens is in Torbay, at extreme low water ; but here they are very much eroded and ferruginous, very little of the sculpture remaining. Professor Gwatkin informs me that the radula is Rissoan. This is another species in which the type-form has been confused by authors. Montagu’s original description indicated six spiral ridges for his type, two of which encircle the umbilicus, one is at the base, two round the periphery, and a sixth encircles the suture of the next whorl. Jeffreys follows this description, and figures the shell correctly ; Searles Wood, in describing the Crag form, notices the four upper ridges, but omits the two lower, though his figures show the six correctly; while Forbes and Hanley, copied by Sowerby, delineate a shell in which one of the ridges round the periphery is absent, as some- times occurs in the var. zzferrup/a, but they give the two typical ridges underneath. The authors of British Mollusca state that “four strong spiral ridges adorn the body-whorl, two above and two below,’” which they make up by omitting one from the periphery, and they do not notice the one which surrounds the suture of the penultimate, though _S. Wood distinctly says “‘our shell has four distinct ridges, three on upper part of the whorl, and one upon the centre of the base.”? The figures in Sowerby’s Index and British Mollusca also err in ignoring the very characteristic aperture of the type, which is correspondingly altered in the var. za¢errupta by the fewer number of ridges. A. supranitida S. Wood is another member of the genus which varies in having one, two, and sometimes three sharp ridges. A. imperspicuus Monts. (Journ. Malac., vol. 4, pp. 56-7, 1895; and J. Conch., vol. 7, pp. 249-50, 1893, as Cyclostrema millepuncta- tum).—Off Southport, 12 f. (J. T. M.); Plymouth, Isle of Man, Connemara, and Oban (Chaster); S.W. Ireland, 40 f., (R. I. A. cruise, 1885). Also Sicily (Monterosato), and Tangiers (Chaster). Var. unisulcatus Chast. (/. Conch., vol. 8, p. 373, 1897).—Found occasionally with the type. This minute species I first dredged off Southport in 1885, a single specimen only, not quite perfect, and put it aside for a time; but I have never found it in “drift from the Southport shore,” as recorded by Dr. Chaster. Note on a colour variety of Cyprea argus.—lI have lately acquired a speci- men of C. argzs distinctly suffused with pale green colour. It is comparable to C. arabica var. eglantina. As far as I am able to ascertain this form has not been previously noted.—L. St. G. BYNE (Read before the Society, May 14, 1902). t Aun. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) vol. 18, p. 343, 1876. 2 ** Brit. Moll.,” vol. 2, p. 541, pl. 68, f. 6-8. 3 “‘ Crag Moll,,” vol. 1, p. 139, pl. 15, f. 84-82. N 194 SOUTH AFRICAN NOTES. By E. W. SWANTON. (Read before the Society, April 9, 1902). Abundance of Helix pisana.—During a recent visit to Cape Town with Professor Jonathan Hutchinson, F.R.S., I observed Xerophila pisana in enormous numbers on an enclosed piece of ground about fifty yards from the coast at Sea Point, a suburb of Cape Town. Every blade of the scanty herbage, the under surface of every stone, the iron supports to the wire fencing, and even the greater part of a high stone wall which bounded the enclosure on one side were covered with these snails. On many sticks and twigs they were crowded like grapes in a large cluster. The weather was extremely hot, and they were all quiescent. I regret that I had no opportunity of seeing them in activity after a storm. Is Helix pisana an alien at the Cape? This was the only spot where I observed them on the mainland. Some fear was expressed by residents that they might extend their range, and ultimately invade the Public Gardens. ‘The destruction caused by them when present in great numbers is very considerable. On visiting Robben Island—the great leper prison in Table Bay—I there found them in almost equal abundance, in fact, the interior of the island simply swarmed with them. I was told that their introduction dated from a few years ago, when it was premised that some had gained the island on wreckage from Sea Point, seven miles distant, where they were at that time frequent. The officials on the island were much perplexed as to how to cope with the ‘plague of snails’ which were rapidly destroying all the herbage. It was suggested that the introduction of a few ostriches—preferably females and young birds, adult males being dangerous during the breed- ing season, would soon bring about the desired effect, for these birds are voraciously fond of small molluscs. ‘The type and varieties /zneo- lata Mog. and a/éida Mogq. occurred, the last was, perhaps, the more abundantly represented. _Paszs scapensts also occurs here. ‘The beach of this dreary island—the home of lepers, convicts, and lunatics —is rocky, surf-bound, and strewn with much seaweed. Amongst the boulders Patella compressa, P. rustica and Oxytele merula occur in some numbers, but none with the living animal. Durban Bay.—On the sandy shore of Durban Bay I found Badia rhodostoma Gray and 2B. natalensis Krauss. ‘The latter was the more abundant; it was very interesting to note the facility with which it burrowed into the sand and hid itself from view upon being left behind by a retreating wave. . papillifera Bo GUEEEG® \ ?e. sudblevis... soo Bo PUY Taonius hyperboreus ... ZL. Ayperboreus ae Polyfus vulgaris ... ... Octopus vulgaris .. .. O. vulgaris P. arcticus ne Bee OMAGCLOGLES, ies aan Moschites ctrrosa ... ... Lledone cirrosa .. 2. cirrosa Ommastrephes sagittatus.—The question of the right name to be adopted for this species has given rise to a prolonged controversy, 198 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. 7, JULY, 1902. and I am the more anxious to make the explanation which follows because in an earlier work |’86, p. 34] I adopted a view which I now feel to have been erroneous. First, as regards the specific name, which is taken from Lamarck [1799, p. 13]. His Zodigo sagittata is stated to exist in two varieties, of which the first (called “a”) must naturally be regarded as typical. The description certainly agrees better with the form under consideration than with any other, notably in regard to its dimensions and the length of the tentacles, but the identification is rendered certain by the reference to two figures in the ereat work of Seba [1761, vol. 3, pl. 4, figs. 1, 2], the suckers extend- ing nearly the whole length of the tentacles, being quite diagnostic. Thirty years later the great Italian anatomist, delle Chiaje |’29, vol. 4, p. 161, pl. 60] gave the same form the name Z. fodarus, which was adopted by d@’Orbigny, and after him by Jeffreys. D’Orbigny still further confused the matter by affixing Lamarck’s name (sagittata) to a quite different form, as we shall see later. Next, as to the generic name under which this species ought to be ranged : The genus Zo/igo was first dismembered by d’Orbigny [’35, p. 45], and the form under consideration, along with several others, placed in the newly-created genus Ommastrephes. Subsequently this genus was in its turn broken up by Verrill [’80a, p. 223] and by Steen- strup [’80]. Verrill erected a genus, Sthenoteuthis, which included one of d’Orbigny’s original species (O. dartramii) and two others (O. megaptera and O. pteropus) ; he therefore left the Z. sagittata of Lamarck in the restricted genus Ommastrephes. Steenstrup, on the other hand, created the genus Zodarodes for our present species, and left O. dartramit in the restricted genus Ommastrephes. In deciding which of these two courses is to be followed, we must refer to the rules drawn up for zoological nomenclature. The first of those which apply in the present instance is that if the author of a genus has indicated a particular species as its type, that species must remain in the genus if at any future time other generic groups are separated from it. The second is that in cases where this rule cannot be applied, the opinion of the author who first divides a genus is to be adopted. We have, therefore, to enquire in the first instance did d’Orbigny clearly indi- cate any particular species as the type of his genus Ommastrephes ? D’Orbigny’s own words [’35, p. 47] are as follows :—“ Parmis les especes connues jusqu’a présent, ou peut compter le Zoligo sagittata Lam., dont les bras pédonculés soient couverts de ventouses sur toute leur longueur ; le Z. Oualantensis Less. ; le L. brongniartit Blainv. ; le L. piscatorum Lapil.; le ZL. dartramii Les.; le L. tllecebrosa Les. ; le L. Vanicoriensis Quoy et Gaim., et probablement le Z. pelagicus Bosc.” It is true that he does not specifically mention a type, but in default of other evidence it would be natural to suppose that he regarded the HOYLE: BRITISH CEPILALOPODA. 199 species first mentioned—the only one of which he gives any descrip- tive notice —as typical. Steenstrup [’80, p. 75] maintained that O. dartramii and the allied pelagic forms of the high seas were those upon which the genus was founded ; this seems to me, however, to be an inference based upon the fact that the creation of this genus was the result of his studies of pelagic life during the voyage to and from South America, rather than upon any documentary evidence. The only evidence of this latter kind adduced by Steenstrup [’81, p. 4, footnote] is the fact that Herrmannsen [’47, p. 145] mentions O. dartramit as the type of the genus Ommastrephes. I greatly regret that I did not question Prof. Steenstrup on the matter when I had the pleasure and profit of working with him, but I did not at that time realise its importance. We may, I think, conclude that on this ground alone there is a pre- sumption in favour of Ommastrephes sagittatus (Lamarck) (=O. todarus d’Orb.) being the typical species of Ommastrephes. Leaving this as an open question, however, we may enquire who first dismembered the genus and what view did he adopt? Verrill and Steenstrup both published their views in the year 1880. Steenstrup’s paper was read before the Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab on April 2nd and published on July soth; Prof. Verrill’s definition appears to have been printed in the Zvansactions of the Connecticut Academy in February, 1880, published in March, and at all events appeared in the American Journal of Arts and Science in April, 1880, so that unquestionably his procedure takes precedence of that of Steen- strup. We see then that whether we consider the type of d’Orbigny’s genus (so far as it can be ascertained) or the rights of priority we are led to the same conclusion—that the genus Ommastrephes, whatever else it may or may not include, must contain the Zodigo sagittata of Lamarck (=O. fodarus of d’Orbigny and of Jeffreys). This view has already been advocated by Girard [’g0, p. 36] and Pfeffer [:00, p. 379] The generic name Ommastrephes was altered by Lovén [’46] and Agassiz [’48, p. 475] to Ommatostrephes, and this spelling has been adopted by some subsequent writers besides Jeffreys. The rule of the International Zoological Congress provides that ‘“‘the original ortho- graphy of a name is to be preserved unless an error of transcription, a lapsus calami, or a typographical error is evident,” hence it is, I think, necessary to adhere to the original form. Sthenoteuthis pteropus.—The occurrence of this large squid in British waters is recorded by Goodrich [’92], who also gives figures of a good many structural details. Illex coindeti.—This species is the one for which d’Orbigny [Fér. & d’Orb., ’35, p. 345] adopted the name sagtéata. Why he did so is not clear, for according to his own showing the “var. A.” of 200 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. 7, JULY, 1902. Lamarck, which is given first and must therefore be regarded as the typical form of the species, is the one to which he has attached delle Chiaje’s name /odarus. The name sagittata being therefore invalid for this form, the earliest available is co/wdeti given to it by Vérany [’39, p- 94] in honour of Dr. Coindet, of Geneva. ‘The genus ///ex was created, with this species as its type, by Steenstrup [’80, p. 90] for those forms which have the funnel groove without folds and the ten- tacles without connecting apparatus. Todaropsis eblanz.—The species was described by Ball [’41, p- 363] as a Zolzgo, and was regarded by Jeffreys as one of the sexes of his Ommastrephes sagittata (= I. coindett). The genus Zodaropsts was established by Girard [’90, p. 204] for a new species 7) veranyt, from the Portuguese coast. At present the genus includes only these two species, and I do not feel at all sure that they may not be identical. Architeuthus.—Norman [’90, p. 478] has collected the recorded occurrences of specimens of this genus, but the specific identifications are involved in some uncertainty. The name is very commonly mis- spelt Architeuthis ; Steenstrup [’81, p. 1, footnote] explains that it 1s derived from 7ev0s, used by Aristotle for a larger and stronger kind of squid than tev@is, and therefore the form adopted by him must be maintained. Loligo forbesi.—This is the ordinary British Zo/zgo, which Jef- freys did not distinguish from the Mediterranean Z. vulgaris. The points of distinction have been given by myself [’85, p. 459] and by Norman [’90, p. 480]. It is quite possible that Z. vz/garis does occur on our southern coasts, and a careful watch for it should be kept by marine zoologists in that region. Loligo marmorz was regarded by Jeffreys as a variety of Z. media. It is, however, a good species. ‘The distinctive characters are given by Norman [’90, p. 482]. . Sepia orbignyana.—A great amount of confusion has arisen between this species and the next, in consequence of the name e/egans having been applied by different writers to two quite distinct forms. The species now under consideration was named by Férussac in 1826 [d’Orbigny, ’26, p. 66]; the name 5S. e/egans de Blainville was adopted for it by Vérany [’51, p. 70] in his beautifully «illustrated monograph, and after him by Jeffreys, who, however, correctly states that it is the same as S. orbignyana Férussac. Sepia elegans.—This species was first created by d’Orbigny in 1826, in the legend of one of the plates of his ‘‘Céphalopodes aceta- buliferes” [Fér. & d’Orb., 35, pl. 8, figs. 1-5 |, and subsequently further defined in the text of the same work in 1848 (p. 280). HOYLE: BRITISH CEPHALOPODA. 201 On consideration of the evidence, I am inclined to agree with Dr. Jatta [’96, p. 160] that S. ruppellaria must be regarded as a synonym of this. The latter name was founded only on a shell, which is cer- tainly extremely like that of S. e/egans. There isa confusion regarding this species in Dr. Norman’s ‘ Revision” [’90, p. 484]; the first re- ference is correctly to d’Orbigny’s Sepa elegans, which Norman calls S. rupellaria, but the citation from Jeffreys [’69, p. 140] refers to S. elegans of de Blainville, as understood by Vérany, which, as above shown, Is a synonym of S. ordignyana Feérussac. The name 5S. dcsertalis of Montfort, adopted by Jeffreys, seems to have been merely a MS. name until adopted by Vérany [’51, p. 73], hence the name given by d’Orbigny [Fér. & d’Orb, ’35, pl. 8, figs. 15], in 1826, takes precedence. Sepiola scandica.—This is the form commonly referred to by British naturalists as .S. ronde/etz. It is distinguished by possessing a simple pyriform ink-sac, whereas that of the Mediterranean species is trilobed or eared. Sepiola atlantica.— Jeffreys’ remark [’69, p. 137] that this is the male of S. ronde/ett can only have arisen from a complete misconcep- tion of the points of sexual dimorphism in the Cephalopoda. Rossia glaucopsis.—I have elsewhere [’86, p. 117] given the reasons for regarding Jeffreys’ A. papiliifera as a synonym of this: the identification rests on a comparison of Jeffreys’ type with authentically named Scandinavian examples. I entertain no doubt that 2. sudblevis Verrill is a synonym of this species. Norman only included it in his list with great misgiving. Polypus \ Moschites J names in place of the well-known Ocfopus and Eledone. They were proposed and accurately defined by Schneider so long ago as 1784, and have most unaccountably escaped notice. I have elsewhere |:01] shown reason for using these KEY FOR THE DETERMINATION OF BRITISH CEPHALOPODA. The accompanying key will, it is thought, serve for the identifica- tion of all British Cephalopoda ; so far as practicable the characters are such as can be made out either from external inspection alone, or with a minimum of dissection, and no characters -have been used which are dependent on sex. In the genus Sefzo/a, for example, it is necessary to cut open the mantle just to one side of the ventral median line ; the ink-sac will then generally be visible through the tissues, if not the integument must be carefully removed until its out- line can be made out. The distinctive characters of a few forms nct yet certainly recorded as British have been added. 202 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. 7, JULY, 1902. In case of difficulty I shall at any time be glad to help my col- leagues by examining Cephalopods from known British localities, if they will send them to me. Fin extending the whole length of the mantle, a hard internal dorsal shell (.Sepza) - - 5 ; { A spiral chambered shell — - ? - Spirula peront No spiral chambered shell - - - - 2 foal Ten arms and a fin - - - - - B | Eight arms and no fin - - - - 2B ( Some of the suckers in the tentacular club pro- Br vided with hooks - - Onychoteuthts bankst | None of the suckers provided with hooks - - 4 Fin confined either to the end or to the middle of the sides of the mantle - - - Fj Suckers on the sessile arms in two rows,' shell with no posterior spine - - - Sepia elegans Suckers on the sessile arms in four rows ; shell with a more or less prominent posterior spine - 6 ( Breadth of mantle more than half the length (56 | per cent.) ; spine not very prominent - Sepza offictnalts | Breadth of mantle less than half the length (43 per cent.) ; spine very prominent Sebi 2 orbignyana Fins elliptical on either side of the middle of the mantle - - - - - - 8 7, Fins beginning close to the hinder extremity of 5 5 ‘ y the body and extending forwards a variable distance along each side of the mantle - - 12 Mantle fold continuous across the nuchal region 3 (Rossia) - - - - - 9 Dorsal surface continuous with that of the bead in the middle line (Sefzo/a) - - . 10 { Back smooth - - - - Rossta macrosoma 2 \ Back papillate - - - Rossia glaucopis Suckers in two rows on all the sessile arms - - iit Suckers in two rows except at the tip of the ven- IO tral arms, where there are about four rows of very minute suckers; ink-sac tri-lobed or earcdianee - = = Sepiola atlantica { Ink-sac tri-lobed or eared - - Sepiola rondelett {| Ink-sac pyriform — - - - Sepiola scandica t In the middle portion of one or two arms there is often a tendency for the suckers to form four rows, especially if the specimen is much contracted. HOYLE: BRITISH CEPHALOPODA. 203 Mantle united with the funnel on either side at its base - - - - Taontus hy perboreus' Mantle forming a cartilaginous articulation with the base of the siphon on either side — - - 12 The ‘integument of the head passing continu- ously over the eyes (Loligo) : - - 4 The eye lying open in a cavity with free eyelids — - 17 Hinder extremity rounded ; fin more than half the length of the mantle ; size of adult more than 150 mm. in length of mantle - - 15 Hinder extremity pointed; fin not exceeding half the length of the mantle, which does not exceed 150 mm.” - - - - 16 Four subequal rows of suckers on the tentacles ; chromatophores united into elongated patches on the anterior part of the ventral surface of the mantle - - - - Loligo forbest Two rows of large central and two rows of small lateral suckers on the tentacle; chromato- phores evenly distributed - - Loligo vulgaris 15 suckers of sessile arms with smooth horny ring; large tentacular suckers with square teeth - - - - Loligo marmore Mantle terminating posteriorly in a longer or shorter cylindrical process ; suckers of sessile arms with a toothed horny ring; suckers of tentacles with a smooth ring - - Loligo media 16 Mantle connective consisting of a long ridge on either side fitting into a trough-like groove on either side of the base of the funnel - - 18 Mantle connective in the shape of an inverted L fitting into a similarly shaped cartilage at the base of the funnel (Ommastrephide) - 19 17 Size large, exceeding 1°5 metre in length of mantle - . - - - Architeuthus Size small or moderate, not exceeding 50 mm. in length of mantle - = - Tracheloteuthts® Arms of the third pair with a broad membranous expansion, crossed by parallel ribs; funnel groove with folds - - (Sthenoteuthis) 20 | Mantle terminating posteriorly in a conical apex; ( | rt Other members of the family Cranchiidz would also come in here. 2 In some specimens of Lodigo snedia with very elongated caudal extremity, the length of the fin may exceed half that of the mantle. 3 A species of this genus (7. vizsei Stp.) has been recorded from a locality only a few miles north of the British area as here defined, so that it may reasonably be expected to occur within that area; for further details see Hoyle, 86, p. 163, Fowler, 97, p. 525, Steenstrup, ’98. 204 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. 7, JULY, 1902. Arms of the third pair with only a narrow mar- 19 ginal expansion ; length of mantle rarely ex- Fa ceeding 0°25 m. - - . - - 21 Size large, when full grown about 1 m. in length; connecting apparatus of four or five suckers or pads reaching some distance down the stem ae from the club of the tentacles Sthenoteuthis pteropus | Size smaller, length rarely exceeding 0°3 m.; con- necting apparatus of three suckers and pads close to the root of the tentacular club Sthenoteuthis bartramt ‘ Tentacular suckers extending down the stem almost to the roots ; funnel groove with folds , 21 Ommastrephes sagittatus Tentacular suckers confined to the club ; funnel groove smooth - - - - 22 Horny ring of tentacular suckers smooth ; of ses- sile arms with six conical teeth on the distal 22 - semtcircumference - - - Lllex coindeti Horny ring of tentacular suckers and of those of the sessile arms toothed like a saw Todaropsts eblane a { Suckers in two rows (Polypus) - - oes | Suckers in a single row - - Moschites cirrosa Littoral; size up to two feet or more in total length ; length of arms about four times that 24 4 of mantle - - 2 Polypus vulgaris Deep-sea ; size not exceeding six inches ; length of arms about three times that of mantle olypus arcticus BIBLIOGRAPHY. Acassiz, L. [’48]. Nomenclator zoologicus, Index universalis. Solo- duri, 1848. Batt, R. [’4t}. On a species of Zo/igo found on the shore of Dublin Bay. Proc. R. Trish Acad., vol. 1, p. 362-364, figs. I-7, 1841. Dette Curaje. S. [’29]. Memorie sulla storia e notomia degli animali senza vertebre del regno di Napoli, vol. 4. Napoli, 1829. Fiéirussac & pD’OrgIGNY. [’35]. Histoire naturelle générale et parti- culitre des Céphalopodes acétabuliféres, vivants et fossiles. Paris, 1835-48. Fowtrr, G. H. |[’97]. Contributions to our knowledge of the Plankton of the Feerce Channel. voc. Zool. Soc., 1897, p. 523-526: Grrarp, A. [90]. Nota sobre os cephalopodes de Portugal. _/orv. sct. Lisboa (2), no. 3, p. 200-205, 1889 [1890]. —_— HOYLE : BRITISH CEPIHALOPODA. 205 Goopricu, E. S. [’92]. Note on a large Squid (Ommastrephes pleropus Stp.). Journ. Mar. Biol. Assoc., n.8., vol. 2, p. 314-321 1892. HeRRMANNSEN, A. N. ['47.] Indicis generum malacozoorum prim- ordia. Casselis, 1847-49. Hoytr, W. E. ['85]. Note on Zoltgo forbestt Steenstrup, the so-called L. vulgaris of our coasts. Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edin, vol. 8, p. 459-462, 1885. [86]. Report on the Cephalopoda collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-76. Challenger Reports, vol. 16, part 44. London, 1886. [:or]. On the generic names Octopus, Eledone, and Ffrstr- opsts. Mem. Manchester Lit. and Phil. Soc., vol. 45, n0. 9, 7 Pp. IgOl. Jarra, G. [’96]. I cefalopodi viventi nel Golfo di Napoli, Fauna u. flora des Golfes von Neapel, part 23. Berlin, 1896. Jerrreys, J. G. [’69]. British Conchology, vol. 5, p. 121-147. London, 1869. Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de [1799]. Sur les genres de la Seche, du Calmar et du Poulpe. AZém. Soc. hist. nat. Paris, vol. 1, An 7, P25 Diesten2ar 1700: Lovin, S. [’46]. Index molluscorum litora Scandinavize occiden- talia habitantium, Ofversigt K. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Forh, 1846, Pp. 135-163, 1846. Norman, A. M. [’go]. Revision of British Mollusca. Az. Mag. Nat. Fist. (6), vol. 5, p. 457-484, 1890. DOreicny, A. D. [’26]. Tableau méthodique de la classe des céphalopodes. Ann. Sct. Nat, vol. 7, 1826. [35]. Voyage dans Tae rieue a exécuté dans le cours de années, 1826-33 ; soi Mollasanes Paris, 1835-46. Prerrer. G. [:00]. Synopsis der oegopsiden Cephalopoden. 2 er- heft z. Jahrb. Hamburg Wiss. Anstalten 17, p. 147-198, 1900. SCHNEIDER, J. G. [1784]. Characteristik des ganzen Geschlechts und der eizelnen Arten von Blakfischen. Samm. vermrischt. Abhandl.. 3. Aufklarung a. Zool. p. 105-134. Berlin, 1784. Sepa, Avs. [1761]. Locupletissimi rerum naturalium thesauri * . accurata descriptio, etc., vol. 3. Amstelodami, 1761. STEENSTRUP, J. J.S. [’80]. De Ommatostrephagtige Bleeksprutters indbyrdes Forhold. Oversigt K. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh., 1880, Pp. 71-110, pl. 3, 1880. , [81]. Professor A. E. Verril’s to nye Cephalopod- sleegter: Sthenoteuthis og Lestoteuthis. Op. cit., 1881, 27, p. 8 Melo. TSS. 206 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. I0, NO. 7, JULY, 1902. STEENSTRUP, J.J. S. [’98]. Note Teuthologicee, 9 [ Zxacheloteuthis]. Op. cit. 1898, no. 2, p. 111-118, pl. 1. Verany, J. B. [’39] Mémoire sur six nouvelles especes de céphalo- podes trouvées dans la Mediterranée a Nice. Mem. Accad. Torino, vol. 1, p. 91-98, pl. 1-6, 18309. [’51]. Mollusques méditerranéens observés, décrits, figurés et chromolithographiés d’apres le vivant, pt. 1, Céphalopodes de la Méditerranée. Génes, 1851. VERRILL, A. E. |’80]. Synopsis of the Cephalopoda of the North- Eastern Coast of America. Brief Contributions to Zoology from the Museum of Yale College. No. xlvi. Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 19, p. 284-295, pl. 12-16, April, 1880. [80a]. The Cephalopods of the North-Eastern Coast of America. Zvrans. Conn. Acad., vol.-5, p. 177-446, pl. 26-56, 1880. BIBLIOGRAPHY. (LIMITED TO WORKS RECEIVED BY THE SOCIETY’S LIBRARIAN). The Nautilus, vol. 15, no. 12, April, 1992, and vol. 16, no. 1, May, 1902. ‘“New Land Shells from the Santa Marta Mountains, Colombia,” by H. A. Pitspry and G. H. CLarp [Glandina callista, Circinaria ponsonbyt, Aperostoma sanctemarthe, A. smitht, Helicina sanctemarthe, nn.spp.). ‘‘ Note on the Distri- bution of Species of the Plewrodonte acuta Group,” by P. W. JARVIS [with map of Jamaica showing range of the different forms]. ‘‘ Notices of New Land Shells of the Japanese Empire,” by H. A. Pitspry [J/andarina hirasei, Hirasea gontobasts, Diplommatina dormitor, nn.spp. ; Hiraszella n.g. for H. clara n.sp.). ‘‘ Note on Serridens oblongus Cpr.,” by F. W. KELSEY [under mantle or clinging to shell of Tschnochiton conspicuus). ‘* Note on the Distribution of the Pleuwrodonte sinuata Group,” by P. W. JARVIS [20 spp. with notes and illustrative map of Jamaica]. ‘‘ Notices of New Land Shells of the Japanese Empire,” by H. A. PILSBRY [ Pusctam morseanum, Micro- cystina yakuensts, Kaltella oktana, K. hizenensis, nn. spp. ; several nn. varr. }. ‘* Description of a New Unio [Quadrula beauchamptz, figd.] from Tennessee,” by W. A. MarsH. ‘‘Pholas truncata in Salem Harbour,” by E.S. Morsg. ‘*A New Rissoina | R. bakert| from California,” by P. BARTSCH. The Journal of Malacology, vol. 9, no. 1, April 10, 1902. ‘ “*A Classified List of the Helicoid Land Shells of Asia,” by G. K.GuprE, ‘‘On the Anatomy of the Genus AZyotesta Clige.,” by W. E. CoLLINGE [made the type of a new family, Myotestide, with pl.]. ‘‘Description of a new species of Onchzdium (O. burnuf7| from South Africa,” by W. E. CoLLince. ‘‘ The Anatomy of the British species of the Genus So/ez, pt. 3,” by H. H. BLooMER [nervous system, with pl. 2]. ‘‘ Descriptions of six new Land Shells from the Malay Peninsula” by E. R. Sykes [Rhodina (2) mirabilis, Streptaxts collinget, Optsthostoma latdlawi, Clausiha (Pseudonenta) kelantanese, Platyraphe chrysalis, Opisthoporus dautzenberg?, nn. spp]. Journal de Conchyliologie, vol. 49, no. 4. “* Descriptions de coquilles nouvelles provenant de la Nouvelle-Calédonie,” by PH. DAUTZENBERG [Rhytida berniert, Placostylus houatllensis, nn. spp.]. ‘* De- scriptions de Cérithidés nouveaux,” by L. VIGNAL [C. daurzenberg?, C. bavayt, New BIBLIOGRAPHY, 207 Caledonia. ‘‘ Descriptions de coquilles nouvelles rapportées du Pérou par M. Baer,” by PH. DauTZENBERG [Helix (Labyrinthus) baert, Drymeus jousseaumet, D. scoliodes, Bulimulus (Ataxus) huayabensts, Ampullaria baert, nn. spp. |. “* Diagnoses de quelques coquilles nouvelles provenant du Maroc (swzve),” by P. PALLARY [Fvsus crassus, Octnebrina edwardst vy. apiculata, Mesalia prulchella, Gibbula tingitana, nn.j. ‘* Observations concernant les ‘Considérations sur les faunes malacologiques des parties australes du globe,’ par M. C. F. Ancey,” by H. Surer. ‘“‘ Rectification d’une erreur de détermination,” by C. MAYER-EYMAR [NMatica nystt Desh. (nec d’Orb ) = NM. conomphalus Sandberger]. ‘‘ Variétiés : Sur une nouvelle variété de Chlamys opercularis,” by PH. DAUTZENBERG [var. septenviller, from Croisic]. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, vol. 14, pt. 1, August, rgor. “* Growth Stages in Modern Trigonias, belonging to the Section Pectinat,” by T. S. Haun. ‘* Contributions to the Paleontology of the older Tertiary of Vic- toria, Lamellibranchs, pt. 2,” by G. B. PRI?vCHARD [several nn. spp. figured on pls. 2, 3]. ‘‘Some Sections illustrating the Geological Structure of the Country about Mornington,” by T. S. HALL and T. B. PrircHarpb [with list of mollusca]. The Irish Naturalist, vol 11, no. 4, April, 1902. *“Cardium norvegicum at Portmarnock,” by R. LL. PRAEGER. The Annals of Scottish Natural History, no. 42, April, 1902. “Helix hortensts and Vertigo pygmea in West Lothian,” by R. GODFREY. La Feuille des Jeunes Naturalistes, sér. 4, ann. 32, nos. 378, 379, April, May, 1902. “Note géologique: Faunule du Vésulien (Bathonien inférieur) de la céte d’An- delarre (Haute-Saone) (/777),” by P. PEvitcLerc. ‘‘ Les Mollusques de la Taren- taise,” by G. CouraGNE [49 spp. L.F.W. recorded]. The Naturalist, pts. 543 and 544, April and May, 1902. “ Drift shells from the River Ancholme, in Cadney Parish, Linc., N.” [47 spp. recorded]. ‘*‘ North-west Lindsey Mollusca: South Kelsey Parish” [shells climbing]. ‘‘ Anodonta cygnea in north-west Lindsey,” by Rev. E. A. WOODRUFFE- Peacock. ‘Variation in He/ices in the Grimsby district,” by ARTHUR SMITH {four varr. of H. nemoralis). “* Marine Mollusca of Sandsend, Yorkshire,’ by Miss M. V. LEBour [list of 84 spp., with notes; Doris johnstonz possibly mimetic of Halichondria panicea). “* Mollusca in Louth district,” by C. S. CARTER [three Heléces]. ‘* Limnea peregra monst. decollatum at Rossington, south-west Yorkshire,” by H. H. Corserr. “ Ancylus fluviatilis in Windermere Lake,” by F. M. Burron. “The Land and Freshwater Mollusca of Staffordshire,” by JNo. R. B. MAsE- FIELD. (7Zyans. NV. Staff. Field Club, vol. 36, 1902). [General sketch and list of 98 spp. ]. ‘©Qn the Genus Acavus Mont.,” by E. R. SYKEs [notes on 7 spp.] (Proc. ATalac. Soc., vol. 4, part 3, 1900). On Despena cinnamomea, n.sp.” [Ecuador], by E. R. Sykes (70m c7t). “Notes on the Non-Marine Mollusca of Norfolk and Phillip Islands, with Descriptions of New Species,” by E. R. Sykes [8 nn.spp., figd., Aye¢22 nn. for Aurypus Semper, przeoce. | ( Zo. cz). “Notes on the Genus 7Zemesa H. & A. Ad., with Descriptions of two New Land Shells ( Zemesa and Clausilia), from South America,” by E. R. Sykes [Bulimus claustliotdes Rve. taken as type; 7. magnifica, Cl. pilsbryt nn.spp.], (Op. cét., part 5, July, 1901). : ‘‘ Mollusca and Brachiopoda,” by E. Rk. SYKES (Zo0/. Record, vol. 37, 1900) 208 THE SECTION PLACOSTYLUS OF THE GENUS BULIMUS. By EDWARD COLLIER. (Read before the Society, May 14, 1902). As the shells of the section /P/acosty/us are our principal exhibit to-night, I have been asked to give you some information about them, as some years ago I worked up this group, having received a fine series of these shells from the late Mr. E. L. Layard, of Budleigh Salterton, S. Devon, who was for some time British Consul in the Fiji Islands, and afterwards in New Caledonia. Their head-quarters seem to be New Caledonia and the adjacent islands, but they are also found, though differing considerably in form, as far north as the Solomon Islands, as far east as the Fiji Islands, and in the south, two species are found in the North Island of New Zealand, one in Lord Howe Island, and one in Rabbit Island, a small rock close to Lord Howe Island. In Pfeiffer’s ‘Monograph of Aulimus’ only the following seven species of P/acosty/us are described and figured, viz. :—- 1. LPlacostylus fibratus Martyn. 2 95 porphyrostomus Pfr. Be 5 dovinus Brug. (shongit Lesson). 4. ‘3 fuligineus Pfr. 5 R salomonis Pfr. 6 . cleryt Petit. Fe ‘ miltochetlus Reeve. But in Clessin’s Edition, 1881, there are mentioned fifty-eight species of Placostylus, including ten species of subsection Charis. In Paetel’s Edition, 1890, there are, including Charts, which he raises to a section by itself, seventy-five species and fifteen named varieties. The last work consulted and considerably used in writing this paper is Martini and Chemnitz’s ‘‘Conchylien-Cabinet” (1890-91), in which they describe and figure no less than eighty-six species and fifteen named varieties, although I believe they have omitted a few species. I leave you to judge after seeing the large series of shells exhibited to-night whether you do not think many of the so-called species are only different forms caused by locality and environment. The shells of the section P/acostylus are long conical shells, eevee wholly without umbilicus, many very strong and heavy, mostly coarsely striated, or indented as if hammered, more seldom smooth and glossy. The number of whorls vary between 4% and 8, they increase regularly and are separated by an appressed, generally slightly raised suture, and mostly slightly notched. The upper whorls are mostly always COLLIER : THE SECTION PLACOSTYLUS OF THE. GENUS BULIMUS., 209 rubbed smooth, only in quite young specimens can be recognised a regular punctuation, as the remnant of a hairy covering rubbed away. The last whorl is large, frequently pressed together from the front towards the back as in Avricula. The spire is twisted and carries an oblique fold, which is often very strongly projecting. The mouth isa long oval, often irregular, and narrowed by folds and teeth. The rim of the mouth is more or less thickened, spread out, or slightly reflected. The two margins are united by a callus, which frequently carries on the middle a deep standing knob or tooth. The rim of the columella is broad and appressed. ‘These large Auricula-like Bulimi form one of the most interesting groups, in the richness of their forms, of the whole genus. Their geographical boundary is notably of the sharpest, at least if we take the series in my sense, that is to say, including Chars, Aspastus and Eumecostylus,—New Caledonia, the Fiji Islands, the Solomon Islands, and the south-eastern part of the New Hebrides. One or two out-lying species are found in the North Island of New Zealand, perhaps vestiges of a very old connection between the land, more probably carried about by travellers in very early times. ‘This com- prises the whole of the P/acostyZus district. Not only are these shells missing from the continent of Australia, and also in New Guinea, according to the present state of our knowledge, but also in the Bismarck Archipelago on the one side, and Tonga and Samoa on the other side, however much the fauna of these groups of islands may be related in other respects with those of the Fiji and Solomon Islands. Within this district there prevail, the genuine P/acosty/z, with thick shells, living on the earth (Zuplacostylus Crosse), in New Caledonia, and there attain their greatest development, whilst in the Fiji Islands are prevalent the thinner-shelled, tree-inhabiting Char?s, but they do not include one another, because as a rule most groups are connected with each other through intermediate forms. Conchologically the boundary is an extremely sharp one with the next section of Bulimus (Amphidromus) which in Bulimus anus pushes forward a representa- tive into the PVacostylus district, this shell being found in the New Hebrides. Placostylus has conchologically no relations with Amphidromus, although the soft parts, according to Semper’s investigations, are very similar, on the other hand, some P/acosty/d approach considerably two South American groups, in form and habit, and that in two directions, both to the large Borus (various toothless Placosty/, such as P. bavayt) as also to the smaller Bulimulidz of the section Drymeus (such as panchert and loya/tyensis). An appearance, which under certain circumstances, could be employed 1n favour of the hypothesis of the whole of the Pacific Ocean, having once being taken up by a fo) 210 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. 7, JULY, 1902. continent, but the nearest affinity is evidently to that of the widely spread genus Purfula, to whose longer forms many of the smaller Placostyli approach very closely. The forms belonging to Placosty/us are distributed by Albert and von Martens over three different subsections. Placostylus with the type Bul. fibratus Martyn, Lumecostylus with the type Bud. cleryé Petit, including as a subspecies (Aspastus) the beautiful BuZ. mei- tocheilus Reeve, and Chavis with the type Bul. malleatus Jay. ‘The numerous recent discoveries have effaced the boundary between Placostylus and Eumecostylus. Charis is, however, divided from both not only by its thinner shell and the deviating markings, but more particularly by its mode of living. All kinds of Charis live on trees and shrubs, whilst the genuine //acosty/7 never leave the ground, Bulimus miltochetlus, which is also arboreal, still stands quite isolated, and must be yet maintained as a separate subspecies. In New Caledonia the larger Placosty/1 formed, until the introduction of the European domestic animals, a very important source of food for the natives. They are still eaten up to the present time, and also French settlers have become familiarized to them as food. The grouping of these P/acos/y/i is much more difficult than any other section of Auwzdimus. The development of the tooth on the mouth-wall of the connection callus, and also of the mouth seam, and even of the columellar fold apparently depends on the age of the animal, the thickening continuing to go on, even in the mature shell, and may attain ultimately such a high degree that the columellar fold disappears, whilst on the other hand, some shells exist, which appear quite complete with feeble wall-callus and quite toothless. Under unfavorable circumstances, such as want of food, and especially want of lime, or in dry places, the thickening may remain trifling and thus we get in many species local varieties with thinner shells, feeble mouth seam and with a just noticeable tooth, or even without tooth. But also the colouring is an extremely variable one, especially that of the mouth, and side by side there are forms with dark brown or brilliantly orange coloured gums and richly coloured mouths, along with many species with pale yellow gums and purely white mouth edges. Lastly the Placosty/, as all large snails, are exposed to many injuries and therefore inclined to the development of individual abnormalities, which form sometimes a quite differing exterior, and may easily lead to the establishment of new varieties. The geographical area of the various species is mostly a very limited one, only a few are spread over various islands, and those always on islands quite close to one another. None that exist in one archipelago will be found in another. Most of them are limited to one island, many only to part of an island. For the /Vacosfy/i that live on the COLLIER: THE SECTION PLACOSTYLUS OF TITE GENUS BRULIMUS. 211 ground, this is quite natural, as their specialization probably dates from the separation of the islands and all means of diffusion were taken away. For the Chavis, which live on trees, spreading about would be more likely, but the want of large rivers, and the girth round each archipelago of coral reef, form here great obstacles to their dispersal by floating trees. We are, therefore, compelled to assume that the development of the various species has taken place in the present geographical epoch, although the root of the whole species reaches back to a time in which the four island groups were connected with each other more closely than now. Several species appear to be extinct and are now only found fossilized, but nothing as regards existence and propagation of the whole species justifies us in consider- ing it as at all likely soon to be extinct. New Caledonia, which is the home of the large, heavy Placosty/i, is an island in the South Pacific, belonging to France, and lying about 720 miles east-north-east of the coast of Queensland. It is about 200 miles in length and 30 miles in breadth. It is of volcanic origin, and is traversed in the direction of its length by a range of mountains, which in some cases reach the height of 8000 feet, and is surrounded by sand banks and coral reefs. The coast is covered by considerable tracts of forest, but the mountains are barren and I presume this is the reason why most of these shells are only found near the coast. From specimens I exhibit you will see how thin some of the P. porphyrostomus are until they have grown their full size, when they seem to keep thickening their shells as long as they live. The sub- fossil P. semz/’s having an extremely thick and heavy shell. Thanks to the late Mr. E. L. Layard I am able to give you some information about these shells that may be new to you. He wrote “The Placostyli vary every 10—15 or 20 miles, each little sand-patch of an island, in the circling reef, will have its peculiar form or variety of P. porphyrostomus for instance, and along the shore they also change. This species seems confined to the sea-shore, I thought none were found on the Isle of Pines, but a friend sent me a shell from there, which I cannot separate well from P. forphyrostomus, and yet it has characteristics of P. fibvatus, which is the shell of that island. Its varieties, too, are endless, from a dwarf of an inch or a little more (var. aesopus) to a giant of six inches long (var. e/ongatus). The Isle of Pines and the Loyalty Islands seem to have a characteristic to themselves and I think I could always tell a shell from them. I was puzzled at getting a shell (P. edwardsianus) from the coast of the main island (New Caledonia), then it occurred to me it was the east coast opposite the big island of Lifou, in the Loyalty group. Then I found out the Loyalty natives, in the old days, used to land at that spot to fight the New Caledonians, and, of course, they brought food 212 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. IO, NO. 7, JULY, 1902. with them, part of it being snails, some of which escaped and became naturalized, but they exchanged a decomposed coral soil for a sandy one, and got changed by their surroundings, but I am convinced that P. edwardsianus as it is called, is only a variety of P. zusignis, P. ouveanus and the Loyalty group.” To shew you how these so-called species run into one another, I again quote Mr. Layard: ‘‘ Placostylus souvillet, P. guestiert, and some of the forms especially of P. alexander and P. kanalensis are, in my estimation, all one; but they slide into P. cicatricosus and through some of them into P. mariet, P. scarabus and therest. ‘Through P. rossitert they merge into the thin group of P. saves?, P. heinguenensis, and P. bavayt. These are very rare and local, P. hetnguenensis only being found at Heinguen, P. saves¢ not far from it, and P. davay7 only found at Mount Mon, miles away but nearer to P. rossitert.” As an instance of the scarcity and difficulty of getting these shells, Mr. Layard says that some of the convicts escape at times and get into the mountain, where they would murder any European for the sake of his clothes, which would give them a better chance of escaping from the island. He had four natives collecting for him on Mount Mon, and they only got him five specimens of P. davayi in a week. Placostylus bovinus and var. shongti of New Zealand are evidently aberrant members of this group and there are traces of this form in many of the Fijian P/acostyli, also in P. fulgineus from the New Hebrides (Vati and Tauna) and in the shells from Lord Howe Island and Rabbit Island, and you may trace it in P. stranget, P. stutchburyi and others, some of them have distinctly shown or indicated, the hump or tooth on the columellar lip, but the oddest thing is the occurrence of this tooth and the twist in the outer lip of Diplomorpha layardi and D. delantourt from the New Hebrides. ‘The whole group suddenly ceases with that fine shell ?. c/ery7, away to the north in the Solomon Islands, which seems an exaggerated Fijian form, has (in some) traces of the hump and is so deciduous, that you will not get one in 500 shells with its gveen epidermis, which is much the color of many of the New Caledonian shells when very freshly taken in the forest. Another curious thing: At Artillery Point, close to Noumea, is a bold headland, a kind of chalk or limestone, in which are found sub- fossil shells, said to be P. savesz, P. guestieri, and others, not now found living within one hundred miles. P. savesd was described from the sub-fossil form long before it was found living. P. senzdis, another sub-fossil species, is found in a similar locality in the Isle of Pines. These sub-fossil species are becoming very rare, as they are burning the material for lime, and using it for the roads, so that hardly any perfect shells can now be found. P. porphyrostomus and several other species are always decorticated COLLIER : THE SECTION PLACOSTYLUS OF THE GENUS BULIMUS. 213 when adult, as they rub off the epidermis by burrowing in the hot sand, where they live near the seashore. I show you a specimen of an adult P. porphyrostomus completely decorticated, and an immature one showing the epidermis in beautiful condition. In other species which live in the damp forests, the epidermis seems to dry and peel off even in the cabinet, as you will see by the specimen I exhibit of P. NSIS. Mr. Layard’s son was collecting 4. mz/tocheilus in the Solomon Islands, and found it most difficult to see them on the leaves of the trees, as the animal is green and shows through the shell—a very good example of protective colouring. ‘The New Hebrides have not yet been fully worked for shells, as the natives are very savage and great cannibals. 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GE CE ME GB GB Pe Ps are Cre Mis PO PP eS TIS (RS 8 PS Se OT 8 TL SIT vorusdd + Al ee a SCAB | Cs rummer gins OE GOA Ao EO ai ano A ee ee ee Me RETIN ca TPES OST}JAVATIUB OSII9 \ FTL Eli: TWNAOOSNU * | PI ell voosvrpurfAo *q PL etl worsue +g aj Aaj 4 A As . fal Lal = H ee) oD la) on or) iy) led fe baal N 1D ~ vere Qa net see Q@ ore ceefeee see nee nee tee ee pe nee cee pz te ee eee QP ee ee oes IHiOP GE 8E LE 98 SE | GETS 66 ~*LG = HS « ES GG IG OG GI BT LT Toate et veeleee eat et vee Qe vee fee ee nee pez ae TG 06 8t Av. ile =e 237 CENSUS OF BRITISH LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA. ADAMS weeleee .e Sde sdoG Gho oda o0u000.0bo song woo aDo d00=.o00 .dce oOo “Onn eno Oo0 nou, G05 odd sn00 Cg Gop ohm WHO “dO evydaowdod visuasslor({ Boa fra ROn ee cema.ns coe eel fate one sep, Rom (gra: Sane He, OER Gysee> aco! otaltay GeboAadxGt 2. 092 ape ono/ ada, oF a0 ann “ey #4 GoD 008. jediyrs (fx Oe IEG aGre GOLD OUR coy eA Gra pen eds Nene EFS Sexo. GALT. eas GT (ap o8> aa way say) GAR aan ‘ee umypisnd “a Bookie: Sc jjpa[Po 08 Sa Hye ara ade gbN|boE. uD yao G05. Gye duaL ope aty, Ge FFR Ose HoHlS> Bos (EB dod ee ova, vPa. cap fay oD “+ greuTUoy *q puc[ae0 Goan Sco Goo woo Gou}isad cad 305. B6b Dom 00 "poi" qBo| 965 Aa CHO FA lbou (a> AaK aba saa ap 9aG ace GUE n00 WINOTUWUe WHNIPISI | posllose cad ou ave oo u00 andlldoo oop ode 000 000 O00 on0- 008 obo 000. 960 doGleod Guo acq 000 00D 009. Guo ODG GOnI50 : Ono umpyred "C soalade. Ged Gna. Bod “ove-s0ab. pocllooe- one 000! G00. BoD Gg0~HO6 dn0. G00 900 60 ‘Oodllo0G 900005 Jag ‘dan 50 gq0-G00 opallans ““" -BIODTATL *S var ob 00 ypiliggs 090 YD IO Gye. OY SHelfETH DH o8e dee FE AeA. Gon BOO (EE 7 |) MCU enaCD wuntaeyds Joy 86> 0B “Hod aang Oke! 68s, G0 ye pop Wado ope. “ape. Sane bin Gon “Gan 338 959. G09 e08 | Soap (jye 895 9H daa OBE ey, BEN DO% apd vausho viuopouy (Grarars a8 ba Tabelleete oabscdb due (eyoronm| won|tiou “Jae. cep “dop.} 310 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. I0, NO: 10, APRIL, 19032. For some time, however, the name was retained in use; latterly the form has been relegated to V. helvetica Blum.' and this identification has crept into literature. Many years ago the present writer began to investigate the question but from lack of material was compelled to let the matter bide; now, however, the question has once again come up for judgment and thanks to the kind assistance of Mr. J. H. Ponsonby, to whom he hereby tenders his best thanks, materials have been forthcoming which enable the writer to conclude that the British form, so long the subject of debate, does not belong to any one of the hitherto named species and should therefore receive proper designation, and he therefore proposes to name it in honour of its first discoverer in this country :— VirREA RoceErsI n. sp. (Pl. VI, figs. 2, 5, 11—13). Shell depressed, slightly convex above, a little flattened below (especially in the region of the umbilicus, which is narrow, small and deep), shining, very transparent, smooth and polished with obscure almost obliterated lines of growth, visible under the lens, becoming more marked at the suture. Colour pale horn or waxy brown, with an opalascent or milky white tinge around the umbilicus. Spire but little elevated, whorls five, slightly convex, increasing regularly, the last having about twice the diameter of the preceding. Suture well- marked and in some lights having a false appearance of being channelled;? aperture rounded-lunate, the columellar lip, which is not reflexed, being in its first part not much inclined to the axis of the shell, while the axis of the aperture as a whole is; peristome thin and sharp, the ends slightly approximate. Dimensions:—altitude 4°5 mm., diam. maj. 8°5, min. 7°5. It is the ‘Helix glabra Stud.” of Dupuy (/oc. ct.) and probably, though less certainly, of Moquin-Tandon.? V. alliaria, Miller (PI. V1., figs. 6, 14-16) is a smaller shell, and much flatter, especially on the underside, with a larger umbilicus, its aperture is less rotund and the columellar lip more inclined away from the axis of the shell; the sutures (fig. 6), moreover, do not as a rule present the seemingly channelled appearance noted in V. rogersz, while the whole shell is duller especially on the upper surface, is greenish in typical specimens and streaked. Both VY. alaria and V. rogerst have at times the strong scent as of garlic. V. helvetica, Blum (Pl. VI., figs. 3, 8—10), as appears from a specimen from the type locality sent to Mr. J. H. Ponsonby by Dr. O. Boettger, who received it from Dr. Blum, is a slightly larger shell 1 Nachrbl. Deutsch. Malak. Geselisch., vol. 30, p. 141, 188t. The species was found at Weissenstein (Solothurn) where it is rare. 2 This is due, as in l’. ce@laria and some other species, to the thickened edge of attachment of one whorl to the preceding showing through the transparent shell (c.f Pl. VI., figs. 4, 5). 3 ‘‘Hist. Nat. Moll. France,” vol. 2, p. 80, pl. ix., f. 3—8. WOODWARD: VITREA ROGERSI, 311 (alt. 5°25 mm., diam. max. 9, min. 8 mm.) with higher spire (54 whorls), is much flatter beneath especially in the region of the umbilicus which is wider; the aperture is smaller for the size of the shell and as a whole directed more downwards than in V. rogersz, while the columellar lip is set more obliquely to the shell axis; it is further less polished on the upper surface while the obscure lines of growth and the puckering at the suture are more marked. The most striking difference, however, is in the rate of increase in the whorls. The relative width of the ultimate to the penultimate whorl, measured radially, is approximately in V, rogerst as 2 to 1 whereas in V. helvetica it is as 3 to 2. Vitrea subglabra (Bourg.)! is a much larger shell than V. vogersz, its dimensions being: alt. 6—g9 mm., diam. 1316 mm., and apparently more like V. helvetica as regards the height of its spire and greater coarseness of its surface. Its author especially contrasts it with the Zonites glaber of Moquin-Tandon and Dupuy, that is to say Vitrea rogerst, he having overlooked their misidentification of the species. Of the anatomy of the several species here alluded to nothing can at present be said, but the radule of V. alviaria, V. rogersé and V. helvetica while closely similar, as was to be expected, in their general aspects present minor differences which support those observable in the shells. Of the two first-named species a small series of radule are available but of the last only one luckily extracted from the dried up animal in Mr. Ponsonby’s specimen. The character of the teeth in the two former series are so constant that it is fair to infer that they are equally so in examples of V. helvetica. The formule are :— Vo OO WEE WEDS WES 2 i Siw) Buavel Alorolule yy KOS VAs ie 2a oe Ir —— 20 and about4o rows. VACUO ASN: 2 2 TAs andeabouti4s TOWSs: While the first two species have the same formula the radula of V. alliarta is only two-thirds the size of that of V. rogers’, but is propor- tionately to the size of the animal larger. On the other hand /. helvetica which is slightly larger than V. rogers¢ has a smaller radula with more rows and more lateral teeth in each row. V.. helvetica differs markedly from the other two in having no inner cusp on the first admedian tooth. ‘The remaining differences in form between the corresponding teeth in the radulee of these three species will be better gathered from a careful comparison of the figures here given (Pl. VL, figs. r—-3) than from any description however lengthy. 1 Bourguignat: ‘‘ Malac. de la Bretagne,” 1860, p. 47, pl. i., figs. r14—16. A Correction.—In the Journal of Conchology, vol. 7, p. 435, Trophon trun- catus 1s recorded for Studland Bay. This is an error, the name should be deleted from the list. —J. E. CooPER (Read before the Society, February 11, 1903). 312 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO: I0, APRIL, 1903. Clausilia bidentata and Balea perversa in Ireland.—Clausilia bidentata occurs plentifully in Ireland on stone walls, stone heaps, and on the rocky debris of the many glens on the coast. It swarms on old churches such as Downpatrick Cathedral and old ruins like Dunluce Castle, Rock of Cashel or Clonmacnoise, where it shelters in the crevices between the stones. It is common on tombstones in old graveyards in N.E. and N.W. Ireland, is very plentiful, and rather small, in similar situations in Co. Sligo and other western counties. It may be found on trees all over the country, in some places associated with Balea perversa, in others not. Balea perversa is not so common and is more local in Ireland than C. bidentata; it occurs on mossy trees, especially in the older woods and natural thickets of the damp glens—like those of Antrim, Sligo and Kerry. It is plentiful with the other in the little coast glens E. and W. of Ballycastle, Co. Antrim, as a rule on trees, but sheltering more in moss on tree trunks than C. d2denfata (see this Journal, vol. 7, p. 201, 1893). At the head of Murlough Bay in wet weather Balea is more plentiful on a dry-built stone wall than anywhere else I have seen it in Ireland, more so even than in Kerry where it is, owing to the abundance of woods, a much commoner species than in North Ireland; here I did not notice Clauszlza, though the latter is exceedingly plentiful a few feet lower down the slope. At Dromahair, Co. Leitrim, Messrs. Chaster, Collier and I found C/azsz/ia on the inner and outer walls of Dromahair Abbey, but on a dry-built limestone wall surrounding the Abbey Balea was much more plentiful than C/ausz/a; it was here quite thick under flat stones mainly on top of wall. At Dundrum Castle, Co. Down, Clausiia was moderately common in stone débris and on walls; but Sa/ea only so on a dyke in the lane beiow the castle and a few on trees. In about six or eight other localities where I have observed both species together in the north they were living close together, Balea on trees, Claust/ia on or among rocks and trees. County Kerry seems to be the real home in Ireland of Ba/ea, which occurs on trees with Claustlia, and also on dykes and rock surfaces all over the Killarney and Kenmare districts, even up to 600 ft. altitude. This is mainly an Old Red Sandstone area, though I think it is not so much the geological formation as presence of trees or damp shelter of some kind that regulates the abundance of these two species and their association together. Trees and such situations are, on the whole, more plentiful in limestone areas in Ireland and Aa/ea is for that reason, being an arboreal species, more plentiful in such situations, and C/ausz/ia, being a common species in damp, and often in dry, situations all over Ireland is of necessity associated with the other. a/ea is how- ever, as I have said more local, and absent in many places devoid of trees, while Claustlia is common on walls and rocks; but where trees are plentiful and old, the two species will be found together.—R. WELCH (Read before the Society, Dec. 10, 1902). Occurrence of Vertigo alpestris at Holker, Lancs.—On the 4th of September, 1902, whilst examining old walls, etc., for shells at Holker, near Cartmell, Morecambe Bay, I discovered some specimens of Vertzgo, which have since been identified by Mr. Standen as V. alfestris. September 3rd had been a very wet and stormy day and the morning of the 4th was also somewhat damp. The shells, though not quite so large, are much more perfect specimens than those from Bingley, exhibited by Mr. Taylor in January, 1902. This I believe is the first really authenticated find of V. a/pestris in the district, and as the Furness district is separated by a wide estuary from Holker and Cartmell, it is-not very probable for them to be stray specimens from the other side of the water. The number [taken was eighteen. On March 4th, 1903, I revisited the spot (along with Messrs. Taylor and Wadsworth) and 51 others were taken.—C. H. Moore, Stalybridge (Read before the Soctety, February 11, 1903). 313 BIBLIOGRAPHY. (LIMITED TO WORKS RECEIVED BY THE SOCIETY’S LIBRARIAN). The Nautilus, vol. 16, nos. 8—11, Dec., 1902—Mar., 1903. “‘Surface Sculpture in Azcylus,” by BRYANT WALKER [divided into two groups according as the apex is striate or smooth]. ‘‘A new Haitien Chondropoma [C. superbum]),” by J. B. HENDERSON and C. T. Simpson. ‘‘Notes on North American Calyculine,” by Dr. V. STERKI [15 spp., C. hodgsonzt, C. ferrissit, nn.spp.]. ‘‘A new Arssoa [R. kelsey] from California,” by W. H. Dat and P. BartscH. ‘ Vitrea draparnaldi Beck in Washington, D.C.,” by G. W. H. SOELNER. ‘‘Notes on-Zzmnea,” by T. D. A. CocKERELL [importance of com- paring American and European forms]. 7 ’ ““New species of Tertiary Fossils from Alabama, Mississippi and Florida,” by T. H. ALDRICH [12 nn. spp., figd. on pls. 3 and 4]. ‘“‘A new Crassatellites [C. brastliensts| from Brazil,” by W. H. DALt. ‘Shell collecting on the Mississippi,” by F. C. BAKER [account of a day’s excursion, with list of 39 spp. taken]. ‘A new Fossil Ashmeunella,” by T. D. A. COCKERELL [A. ¢thompsoniana pecosensis, Pecos, New Mexico]. ‘‘Notes on some Shells from North Carolina,” by E. G. VANATYA [Omphalina rugeli oxycoccus n. var. ; lists from several localities ]. “Notes on Pyramidula elrodi,” by M. J. ELRop [account of finding and habitat, with view and figures]. ‘‘ Adaptation of Mollusks to changed conditions,” by A. C. Britups. ‘‘New Land Shells of the Japanese Empire,” by H. A. PILSBRY and Y. HIRASE [ Fulota (Euhadra) sadoensts, Gantesella notoensts, Chlorttes echizenensts, nn. spp.]. ‘‘Note on 7rctonta palmert Cp.,” by T. D. A. COCKERELL [re-described]. ‘‘Some Homonymous Generic Names,” by T. D. A. CoCKERELL [some new generic names proposed in place of others pre-occupied]. ““On the specific validity of Campeloma miles’ Lea,” by BRYANT WALKER [defended as a good species, figured along with allied forms]. ‘‘The Land Shells of Calhoun Falls, S.C.,” by A. C. BrLLups [24 forms, mostly of Polygyra, recorded]. ‘“New Land Shells of the Japanese Empire,” by H. A. PILspry and Y. HIRASE [Helicina sadoensis, Microcystima higashiyamana, nn. spp.|. ‘*‘ Helicina japonica and related forms” [with key for determination] by H. A. Pirspry. ‘*A new Conus [C. waltonens?s| from the Tertiary of Florida,” by T. H. ALDRICH. Journal de Conchyliologie, vol. 50, no. 3. [Received Jan. 20, 1903]. “*Revision des Cypreidee de la Nouvelle-Calédonie,” by PH. DAUTZENBERG [with plate]. ‘A propos du type de P Helix prunum Feérussac,” by H. FISCHER [records the existence of the type in the Paris Museum]. ‘‘ Exploits d’escargots,”’ by P. PALLARY [train stopped by snails]. Journal of Malacology, vol. 9, no. 4, Dec., 1902. ‘‘ Description of a new species of Gomphina [G. maorum] from New Zealand,” by E. A. SmirH. ‘‘On the Systematic Position of Patella kermadecensts Pilsbry,” by H. SuTer [should be placed in section Axcéstromesus Dall]. ‘‘A Classified List of the Helicoid Land shells of Asia, pt. 4,” by G. S. GUDE [lists from Armenia, Transcaucasia, Asia Minor and Islands]. ‘‘Some Notes on the genus Présma Simroth,” by W. E. CoLLINGcE [P. smzthi n. sp., P. prismatica, P. heynemanni described and figured]. ‘‘Further Notes on Amalia carinata Risso,” by W. E. CoLLINGE [occurs in Ireland in addition to A. sowerby¢ Feér.]. ‘‘The Anatomy of the British species of the genus So/en, pt. 4,” by H. H. BLooMEr [with plate]. “ Physa virgata mut. alba nov.,” by T. D. A. COCKERELL [Arizona]. ‘‘ Zimax maximus L., in the Hawaiian Islands,” by W. E. COLLINGE. The Irish Naturalist, vol. 12, nos. 1-2, Jan.-Feb., 1903. “The Re-discovery of Vertigo Llljeborgt in Ireland,” by G. W. CHASTER and B. Tomutn [Ballynahinch and Roundstone]. ‘‘The Marine Mollusca of Narin 314 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. 10, APRIL, 1903. Strand, Co. Donegal,” by Miss A. L.. Massy [12 spp., new records for N.W. Ireland]. ‘‘ Swccziea oblonga near Mallow ;” Cactlianella acicula in Co. Waterford,” by P. H. Grierson. ‘‘Animal Remains from Gobbins Caves, Co. Antrim,” by R. F. SCHARFF [Mollusca 4 spp. ]. La Feuille des Jeunes Naturalistes, (4) année 33, no. 388, Feb., 1903. “Note sur quelques fossiles des faluns de la Touraine (Helvétien inférieur) et des environs d’Orthez (Helvétien supérieur),” by M. PEyror [WVassa mzgueli n. sp. }. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, vol. 54, pt. 2, May—Sept., 1902. ‘‘ Additions to the Japanese Land Shell. Fauna, VI.,” by H. A. PILsBRy [chiefly detailed descriptions of names previously published; illustrated by 5 pls. ]. ‘‘The Mollusca of the Mt. Mitchell Region, North Carolina,” by B. WALKER and H. A. PILsBry [report on a collection made by Messrs. Ferris and Walker in 1901 to Mt. Mitchell, the highest peak of the Appalachians; 112 species recorded and several nn. spp. figured in pls. 24-25]. ‘‘ Phylogeny of the species of Fz/eu7 with remarks on an abnormal form of Fuzleur canaliculatwm, and Sexual Dimorphism in Fulgur carica,” by BURNETT SMITH. ‘‘Southwestern Land Snails,” by H. A. PiisBry [about 20 spp. and n. var. from Texas, &c.]. ‘‘On some Living and Fossil Snails of the genus FAysa, found at Las Vegas, New Mexico,” by ADA SPRINGER. ‘‘ Additions to the Japanese Land Snail Fauna,” by H. A. PILSBRY [7 nn. spp. of Clauszlzéa, figured with others in pls. 27 and 28]. Annales de la Société Royale Malacologique de Belgique, tome 36, 1901. “Description de trois mollusques nouveaux provenant de lEtat indépendant du Congo,” by PH. DAUTZENBERG [Achatina martelt, Melania hibrechtsi, Unio briarté figured in pl. 1]. ‘‘Appendice No. 3 au catalogue illustré des coquilles fossiles de l’éocene des environs de Paris,” by M. CossMANN [pls. 2—7]. ‘‘De la valeur marchande et du degré de rareté actuel de Pleurvotomaria beyrichi,” by H. pe Cort [price gradually lowering owing to capture of numerous examples]. *‘Diagnoses de quelques especes de coquilles nouvelles et d’un genre nouveau provenant de l’Etat indépendant du Congo, suivies de quelques observations relatives a des especes déja connues,” by P. Duputs and S. PurzeEys [11 nn. spp., Ceras n. gen., with outline figures]. ‘* Paropea honi Nyst,” by E. VINCENT [figured ]. Bihang till Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, vol. 27, part 4. ' “‘Ueber eine Molluskfauna vom Grey Hook auf Spitzbergen,” by E. KAysER [4 nn. spp. fossils described; Mathorstella n. gen. }. The Annals of Scottish Natural History, no. 45, Jan., 1903. ‘*Mollusca observed at Stromness, Orkney,” by J. WATERSTON [15 spp. of Land and Freshwater Mollusca recorded]. ‘‘ Papa anglica (Fér.) mm Linlithgow- shire,” by W. EVANs. Journal and Proceedings of the Hamilton Association, 1898-99, no. 15. “* Malacology,” by Col. C. C. GRAN’ [nothing new]. ‘Synopsis of the Family Veneride and of the North American Recent Species,” by W. H. Dati (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 26, pp. 335-—412, pls. 12—16, no. 1312) [137 species recognized, distributed in 22 genera, Cyclzxella, Psephidia, nn. genn. }. “Notes on Holocene Mollusca from North Cornwall,” by the Rey. R. Asu- INGTON BULLEN (Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. 5, pt 3) [10 marine, 15 L.F.W. forms, with notes of occurrence, etc. ]. ‘“‘The Manchester Museum, Owens College: Descriptive Catalogue of the Embryological Models,” by S. J. H1cKson [the only mollusc referred to is the trochophore larva of Zeredo). 315 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF LAND SHELLS FROM CENTRAL AFRICA, By EDGAR A. SMITH (Read before the Society, March 11, 1903). (PLATE IV.). THE majority of the species here described are from Uganda, and were collected by the late William Doherty on the Mau Escarpment in the Eastern Province of the Uganda Protectorate, at an elevation of 6,500—9,000 feet. Particular attention may be called to one of the species of Hxnea (£. prodigiosa) which exhibits a very remarkable loop-like sinus at the upper part of the aperture. 1. Ennea unilirata. (PI. IV. fig. 8). Testa parva, ovata, cornea, pellucida, spira marginibus curvatis, ad apicem obtuse conoidea,; anfractus sex, convexi; sutura profunda vix obliqua sejunctt, oblique leviter striati, supra ad suturam crenulaie, ultimus ad aperturam ascendens, supra dorsum transversim scrobicu- latus; apertura parva, dente parietali tenut lamelliformi, et lira palatali longe intus sita munita; peristoma levtter incrassatum et reflexum, margine externo tn medio intus prominente, columellari late ailatato. Longit. 3°25 mut. dtam. 0°75 mm. Flab., KE. Uganda. The remarkable keel-like liration within the outer wall of the body- whorl, indicated exteriorly by a scrobiculation running parallel with the suture, distinguishes this species from its allies. 2. Enneacommoda. (Pl. IV., fig. 9). Testa pupoidea, albida, subpelluctda; spira cylindracea, ad apicem obtuse conoidea; anfractus 74, convexiuscull, sutura subprofunda parum obliqua sejunctt, superiores duo leves, ceteri confertim tenuiter oblique striatt, ultimus pone labrum contractus et profunde bi-scrobiculatus ; apertura parva, quadridentata; dens parietalis magnus, lamelliformis, palatalis eque magnus, columellaris maximus longe tntus situs, alter minor versus basim, peristoma expansum, reflexum, marginibus callo tenut junctis, externo denti partetalt juncto. Longit. 4 mm., diam. 2 mm. Hab., E. Uganda. In addition to the teeth described, a fifth minute tubercle is visible in some specimens at the base of the palatal tooth. 3. Ennea insolita. (PI. IV., fig. ro). Testa parva, pupoidea, vitrea, pellucida, polita, tenuts, rimata, spira subcylindracea, supra obtuse conoidea,; anfractus 7-8, convextuscullt, 356 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. 10, APRIL, 1903. lente--accrescentes, sutura ferehorizontali anguste pellucido-marginata sejuncti, striis obliquis vix conspicuis sculpti, ultimus antice leviter descendens, pone labrum contractus et fortiter scrobiculatus,; apertura parva, rotundo-quadrata, antice angustior quam supra, guingue- dentata, dente parietali alits longe mazjori; pertstoma tncrassatum reflexum, margine dextro supra denti parietalt juncto. Longit. 3°5 mm., diam. 2 mut. Ffab., E. Uganda. The armature of the aperture is very remarkable. The parietal tooth is a squarish plate, thin, flat and narrowed where it is attached - to the whorl. This narrowing is only observable when the plate is viewed laterally. ‘The tooth is very prominent and stands out beyond the level of the labrum to which it is united, forming a loop-like sinus. The remaining four teeth are almost of equal size, and situated further within the aperture, one on the columella, one basal, and two within the outer lip. The exterior of the whorl exhibits indentations corresponding to these denticles, 4. Ennea prodigiosa. (PI. IV., fig. 11). Testa parva, tenuis, vitrea; polita, breviter cylindracea, ad apicem obtuse rotundata, anguste umbilicata; anfractus guingue, valde convext, sutura profunda vix obliqua sejuncti, strits obliquis vix conspicuts sculpt, ultimus antice angustatus, productus, solutus, tubiformis, pone labrum scrobiculatus, supra profunde sinuatus ; pertstoma tenue, leviter expansum, supra sinu parvo fere circulari interruptum; apertura guinguedentata, minima, dens parietalis lamelliformis prominens, dentes duo columellares sub.equales, unus ad dasim similarts, palatalis unus obliqguus lamelliformis. Longit. 2°5 mm., diam. 15 mm. FTab., E. Uganda. : alin A most remarkable species on account of the deep slit extending from the prominent lip almost to the suture, and terminating in an almost completed circular opening. 5. Ennea columella. (Pl. IV., fig. 12). Testa cylindracea, vitrea, polita, rimata,; spira elongata, cylindracea, ad apicem obtuse rotundata; anfractus 64, superiores tres convextus- cult, ceeteri minus convext, sutura leviter obliqua et anguste pelluctdo- marginata sejunctt, ultimus antice leviter descendens, pone labrum con- tractus, sed vix scrobiculatus ; apertura minima, semtiovata, quadriden- tata, peristoma angustum, leviter incrassatum et reflexum, marginibus remotis, callo tenut junctis; dens parietalis magnus, prominens, lamelliformis, columellaris magnus, longe intus situs, palatalis minor, obliguus, lamelliformis, ad labrum haud attingens, basalis minimus, transversus. Longtt, 2°75 min., diam, 1 mm. Flab., E. Uganda. SMITH : NEW SPECIES OF LAND SHELLS FROM CENTRAL AFRICA. 317 The last four whorls constituting the greater part of the shell are about equal in width. 6. Pyramidula (Gonyodiscus) ugandana. (PI. IV., fig. 13). Testa minuta, orbicularis, late el perspective umbilicata, dilute fuscescens , Spira depressa, supra anfr. ultimum parum elata; anfractus 4}, convext, sutura profunda sejuncti, striis incremente tenutssimts con- fertts sculptt, ultimus haud descendens; apertura oblique lunata; peristoma tenue, extremitatibus remotis, et margine columellari leviter expanso. Diam. 2 mm., alt, min. ffab., . Uganda. Nicely cleaned specimens have a somewhat silky appearance. 7. Pyramidula (Gonyodiscus) imitata. (Pl. IV., fig. 14). Testa P. ugandane similis, sed minus depressa, angustius umbiticata, lineisque incrementi mazgus remotis obliguts arcuatis ornata, anfractus guatuor, convexi, sutura profunda discreti; apertura oblique lunata; peristoma tenue, simplex, margine columellari vix expanso. Diam. 2°5 mit., alt. 1°3 mut. fZab., E. Uganda. A minute discoid shell resembling P. wgandana in colour and general appearance. It 1s, however, although consisting of the same number of whorls, noticeably larger when placed side by side. It is also more narrowly umbilicated, and the growth-lines are quite different, being decidedly more distinct and more distant. 8. Pyramidula (Gonyodiscus) lamellifera. (Pl. IV., fig. 15). Testa depressa, discoidea, subaperte umbilicata, fuscescens, striis incre- menti tenuibus confertis, lemellisque remotiortbus conspicuts ornata; spira depressa, in medio vix elata; anfractus 34, convext, sutura profunda sejunct, primus levis, pelluctdus; apertura fere circulurts ; peristoma tenue, mar gine columellari vix expanso. Diam. 2°75 mim., alt, 1°3 mm. ffab., E. Uganda. This species is a little flatter above than P. zmztata, more. openly umbilicated, and at once distinguished by the lamellze, which, starting at the suture, pass obliquely across the body-whorl, but become obsolete as they pass into the umbilicus. 9. Martensia percivali. (PI. IV., fig. 16). Testa depresse conoidea, anguste umbilicata, solidiuscula, albida, cretacea, ad apicem rufescens, haud nitida, incrementi lineis oblique arcuatis confertis subregularibus sculpta; spira breviter conoidea, ad apicem paulo obtusa; anfractus 64, lente accrescentes, sutura subprofunda sejunctt, superiores duo leves, rufescentes, cetert albidi vel interdum dilute fusco strigati, ultimus antice vix descendens, primo supra aperturam obsolete angulatus, angulo antice evanescente; apertura oblique lunata, intus rufo-fusca; pertstoma tenue, tntus albo margtna- 318 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. I0, NO. IO, APRIL, 1903. tum, margine columellari ad insertionem expanso, reflexo, umbilicum semt-obtegente. Diam. maj. 23 mm., mim. 20 mm., alt. 15 mm. Hab., southern slope of Mount Kilima-njaro, East Africa (A. B. Percival). A very fine species, well characterized by its white chalky appear- ance, the reddish apex, and coloured aperture. The strize on the third, fourth and fifth whorls are fairly regular, and rather thread-like, but upon the body-whorl, especially on the lower surface, they are less even and not quite so apparent. In some examples the whiteness of the shell is broken up with pale brown or corneous streaks, as if the texture of the shell was not covered at these places by the super- imposed white layer. Several specimens have been presented to the British Museum by A. B. Percival, Esq. 1o. Limicolaria keniana. (Pl. IV., fig. 17). Testa elongata, ovata, imperforata, ceruleo-albida, strigis angustis, rufofuscis oblique arcuatis vel undulatis, trregulariter picta, perio- straco flavo-olivaceo induta, spira elongata, superne obtusa, anfractus sex, convextuscult, incrementi lineis striatt, striisque spiralibus transversim sculpti, plus minus granulatt, ultimus et penultimus infra suturam linea tmpressa marginatt, ultimus antice lente descendens ; apertura inverse auriformis, longit. totius circiter 3 adeguans, tntus ceruleo-albida,; perist. tenue, margine columellart leviter tncrassato, reflexo, recto, fere perpendiculart, supra obsolete untplicato, extra fusco tincto. Longit. 50 mm., diam. 25 mm., apertura 21 mm. longa, 13 mm. lata. Hab., Mount Kenia, British East Africa (S. L. Hinde). This species is peculiar on account of the thick obtuse spire, in which respect 1t bears some resemblance to .S. doherty Smith’ from Uganda. The slightly oblique lines of growth being crossed by the spiral strie have a granose appearance quite visible to the naked eye. The three apical whorls in the single specimen at hand are somewhat eroded and are of a dirty purplish brown colour. Presented to the British Museum by S. L. Hinde, Esq. 11. Subulina uncta. (Pl. IV., fig. 18). Testa elongata, tenuts, pellucido-cornea, polita, anfractus 8, subceleriter accrescentes, convext, lineis tncrementt obliquis vix conspicuis sculptz, ultimus elongatus; spira ad apicem mammillata; sutura obliqua, linearis, infra linea pellucida marginata ; apertura inverse auriformis, longit. totius 4 haud equans; labrum tenue, simplex; columella arcuata, antice truncata, callo reflexo, tenuiinduta. Longit.17 mm., diam. 5°25 mm., apertura, 5 mm. longa, 3 mm. lata. 1 Journ, Matacol., vol. 8, p. 95, fig. 4, 1901, SMITH NEW SPECIES OF LAND SHELLS FROM CENTRAL AFRICA. 319 HZab., Lagari, British East Africa. The single specimen described was collected by Mr. Steuart Betton who presented it, together with other interesting zoological specimens, to the British Museum. It is remarkable for its very smooth glossy surface and form. 12. Subulina dohertyi, (PI. IV., fig. 19). Testa elongata, ovato-fustformts, tenuts, Vena pallide cornea, nitens y anfractus sex celeriter accrescentes, superiores duo leves convext, ceteri convextuscult, sutura obliqua profunda sejuncti, strits tenuibus oblique ubjiexuosts vegulariter sculpti, ultimus elongatus, peroblique descen- dens; apertura ovata, superne acuminata; labrum tenuissimum ; columella arcuata, antice breviter truncata, callo tenui induta. Longit. 9°5 mm., diam. 2°75 mm., apertura 3 mm. longa, 2 mm, lata. Flab., %. Uganda. The form of this species is rather unusual, and the striz are distinct and regular. 13. Opeas lenta. (Pl. IV., fig. 20). Testa elongata, gracilis, tenuis, pellucida, nitida, oblique confertim tenutsstme striata; anfractus to, lente accrescentes, superiores duo leves convext, cetert convextuscult, sutura subprofunda obliqua sejuncti, ultimus haud descendens; apertura parva, inverse auriformis; labrum tenue, leviter angustissime expansum; columella expansa et convexe reflexa. Longit. 10 mm., diam. 2°75 mm., apertura 2 mm. longa, 1°5 mm. lata. ffab., H. Uganda. The raised strize are very slender, closely packed, thread-like and oblique. Two or three at distant intervals, former labra, are more conspicuous than the rest. 14. Opeas venusta. (PI. IV., fig. 21). Testa elongata, gracilis, pellucida, nitens, vix striata; anfractus to, lentissime accrescentes, supremt duo sglobost, ceteri convextuscult, ultimus brevis; apertura parva, inverse aurtformts; peristoma tenue, margine dextro arcuato, columellari ad insertionem dilatato et reflexo. Longit. 9 mm., diam. 15 mm., apertura 1 mm. longa, 075 mn. lata. fTab., %. Uganda. More slender and smaller than O. crenulafa Smith,' from the same locality and without any crenulations beneath the suture. The increase of the whorls is very gradual and there is scarcely any differ- ence in the height of the last five whorls. 1 Journ, Malacol., vol. 8, p. 96, fig. 6, 1901. THE GENERA PSEUDOLIVA AND MACRON. By JAMES COSMO MELVILL, M.A., F.L.S. (Read before the Society, March 11, 1903). THE genus Pseudofiva, instituted by Swainson in 1840, and having precedence over Gastridium Sowerby (zon Modeer) has been main- tained entirely upon conchological grounds, the animal being then, as now, practically unknown. ‘The opercula, however, of two or three species being found to differ fundamentally zz¢er se, Messrs. Henry and Arthur Adams separated’ the Western-American species /. kellettt? H. Ad. and P. @thiops Reeve from the typical P. plumbea Chem., the Swainsonian type of the genus, under the name of AZacron, this being at first employed only subgenerically. It is worth while here to reproduce their diagnosis in its entirety. “Fam. Aluricide. Sub-fam. Purpurine.” “Genus PSEUDOLIVA Swainson. ‘Shell ovate, solid, subglobose; spire very short, suture slightly channelled, whorls tumid round the upper part; aperture oval, canal very short; inner lip arcuated, with a callosity at the hinder part; outer lip thin, furnished at the fore part with a small tooth or callosity. “Syn.: Gastvidium Sow., not Modeer. Gastrtdia Gray. Pseudodactylus Herm. “Ex. P. levis Martini. “* Pseudoliva, known only by its shell and operculum, reminds one of Olivancillaria among the Dactylide, but is distinguished by its large Purpura-like operculum, and the tooth on the outer lip. The species are few in number, and come from Africa and California. levis Mart. striata A. Adams. sepimenta Rang. — sebrina A, Adams. Subgen. Macron H. & A. Adams. “Tyner lip with the callus defined; columella obliquely wrinkled; spire elevated, suture channelled. Ethiops Reeve. | Kellettit A. Ad.” Mr. G. B. Sowerby, in his monograph of the genus, enumerating eight species (inclusive of Zéurna australis Swhb.), makes the foilowing remarks :— They—the Psewdolive —present a pretty natural group of buccinoid shells, which have a groove encircling the lower part of the whorls, and generally terminating at the edge of the outer lip in a sort of obtuse tooth. A canal is formed at the upper angle of the aperture by the swelling of the outer lip, anda kind of callus on the columella, and the anterior part of the aperture is, in nearly all the species, deeply notched. The columellar lip is thickened over the body whorl. Operculum horny with central nucleus. x1 H. & A. Adams, ‘‘ Genera of recent Mollusca,” vol. 1, pp. 131-132. EXPDANATION OF PLATE V. GIVING THE BOUNDARIES OF THE ‘‘ VICE-COUNTIES ” SHOWN ON THE MAP. THE areas here adopted are those defined and promulgated by Mr. Hewett Cottrell Watson, for the purpose of recording the distribution of British plants, and corre- spond with the counties of Great Britain and Ireland, with the important modifica- tions that the larger counties are sub-divided, that a few of the smaller are united to adjoining counties, and that all detached or out-lying portions of counties are considered as forming part of the counties by which they are surrounded. The following are the sub-divisions of the larger counties :— 1 and 2.—Cornwall W. and E., divided by the high road from Truro through St. Columb to the inland extremity of Padstow Creek. 3 and 4.—Devon N. and S., divided by the watershed line which commences at the Tamar, about mid-way between Tavistock and Launceston, passes over the ridge of Dartmoor, and joins the western canal at Tiverton. 5 and 6.--Somerset N. and S., divided by the river Parret from Bridgwater to Ilchester, the line thence curving round to the north extremity of Dorsetshire. 7 and 8.—Wilts N. and S., separated by the Kennett and Avon Canal. 10, I1, and 12.—Isle of Wight, and Hants N. and S., the latter divided by the high roads running W. and E. from Winchester to the borders of Wilts. and Sussex respectively, through Stockbridge and Petersfield. 13 and 14.—Sussex W. aud E., divided by the high road from Brighton to Cuckfield, thence through Crawley to the border of Surrey. 18 and 19.—Essex S. and N., divided by the high road from Waltham and Epping to Chelmsford, thence along the river Blackwater to its mouth. 25 and 26.—Suffolk E. and W., divided by the first meridian E. of Greenwich. 27 and 28.—Norfolk E. and W., also divided by the first meridian E. of Green- wich. 29.—Cambridge, includes the Newmarket detached portion of Suffolk. 30. — Bedford, includes a detached portion of Hunts. 33 and 34.—Gloucester E. and W., separated by the Thames and Severn Canal, thence by the River Severn from the point of confluence of the canal up to Tewkes- bury ; 33 includes five detached portions of Worcestershire and one of Warwickshire. 36.— Herefordshire, includes detached portions of Monmouthshire and Worces- tershire (detached portions of Herefordshire are on the other hand included in Brecknockshire, Radnorshire, Shropshire, and Worcestershire). 37-—Worcestershire, includes detached portions of Herefordshire, Shropshire, Staffordshire, and Warwickshire (detached portions of this county are on the other hand included with Gloucestershire, Herefordshire, and Staffordshire). 38.—Warwickshire, includes detached portions of Gloucestershire and Wor- cestershire. 39.—Stattordshire, includes a detached portion of Worcestershire, which in its turn includes an outlier of Staffordshire. 40.—Shropshire, includes an outlier of Herefordshire (a detached portion of Shropshire is included with Worcestershire). 42 and 43.—Brecknockshire and Radnorshire, each includes a detached portion of Herefordshire. 50.—Denbighshire, includes the Llandudno peninsula and other portions of Carnarvonshire lying E. of the River Conway, and also the detached portion of Flintshire. 53 and 54.—Lincolnshire S. and N., divided by the Witham from its mouth at Boston to Lincoln, thence by the Foss Dyke to the border of Nottinghamshire. 55.—Leicester and Rutland, includes a detached portion of Derbyshire. 59 and 60.—Lancashire S, and W., separated by the River Ribble (the Furness district is included with Westmorland). 61.—York S.E. is the East Riding. 62.—York N.E. is the eastern half of the North Riding, the part lying east of the Rivers Wiske and Swale. 63.—York S.W. is the southern half of the West Riding, bounded on the north by the Leeds and Liverpool Canal, and below Leeds by the River Aire. 64.—York Mid W. is the northern half of the West Riding, minus the Dent and Sedbergh district. 65.—York N.W. is the western half of the North Riding to which is added the Dent and Sedbergh district of the West Riding. 67 and 68.-—Northumberland S. and Cheviotland, divided by the River Coquet, and a line continued to Carter Fell from the Linn Bridge. 86.—Stirlingshire, includes the detached portion of Dumbartonshire. 87 and 88.—Perth West with Clackmannan, and Perth Mid, divided by the line of watershed which separates the tributaries of the Tay from those of the Forth. 88 and 89.—Perth Mid, and Perth E., separated by the Rivers Garry and Tay. g2 and 93.—Aberdeen S. and N., separated by the watershed line which runs ¥. and W. from Inverury. 95.—Elginshire, includes the detached portion of Inverness-shire which separ- ates the two portions of Elginshire. 96 and 97.—Easterness and Westerness are constituted thus :—Inverness-shire is first divided by the line of watershed between the East and West of Scotland, con- tinued along Loch Erricht to the Perthshire border, the eastern portion—with Nairnshire added—being called Easterness, and the western portion—with the ; poll. Flab., Malabaricum littus (Mus. Hanley). The only specimen known to me bears the aspect of being fully adult. Its outer lip seems thickened externally, and the tooth-like projection over the characteristic groove is conspicuous (S.H.). —— oe t Sowerby, ‘‘ Thes. Conch.,” Z.c. 2 Fischer, ‘‘Man, de Conchyl.,” p. 632. 324 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. II, JULY, 1903. 6. Pseudoliva ancilla, Pseudoliva ancitla Hanley, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1859, p. 429. We now come to by far the most interesting member of this little group, and one which, from its great rarity, and the difficulty of obtaining it in good condition, seems almost unknown. It will be convenient to give in extenso the original description of the author." ‘Testa oblonga, conica, nitida, solida, tmperforata, sublevigata, fulvo rufescens. Ultimus anfractus in medio pallescens et ventricosus,; superne laté haud autem profundé, concavus; tnferne lente declivis, et sulco lato, qui partem fere quartam superficie segregat, tncisius ; cin- gulum siphonale planum cum cingulo basalt vix convexiusculo confluens. Spira producta tertiam partem longitudinis teste implet,; anfractus ejus 4 haud humiles infra suturam conspicuam et profundam retust sunt, supra eam convext; apex obtusus. Apertura elliptico-acu- minata (duos trientes longitudinis teste fere equat) postice callo colu- mellari alto magno prominente et angulato angustata. Labium columellare leve, altum, convexum, falcatum, latiusculum. Long. 13, lat. £ poll, Fffab., Caffrariam. Mus. Hanley. ‘I have never seen but a single individual of this remarkable looking shell, which reminds one alike of Buda and Ancillaria. The whorls of the spire are not twice as broad as high. ‘The basal distinctive groave is nearly square cut; its bottom is closely traversed by wrinkles of increase, and is flat, not concave’ (S.H.). P. ancilla is figured by Mr. G. B. Sowerby,” accompanied by the following sentences:—‘‘A very remarkable form, the true generic position of which is doubtful, having characters in common with Pseudoliva and Ancillaria. ‘The specimen shown me by Mr. Ponsonby is 51 millimetres (just over two inches) long, and 24 mm. wide in the middle, tapering at each end; of a light reddish-brown colour, with a pale central zone. There was a specimen in the collec- tion of the late Thos. Lombe Taylor, which was acquired by Mr. Melvill, who proposed to give it the subgeneric name of AZariona.” This extraordinary shell, more akin perhaps to Pseudoliva than to Macron, seems to differ from any congener in its sloping extended spire, rapidly becoming attenuate, compressed whorls, not in the slightest degree channelled, and unusual coloration. _ It is likewise isolated in its only known habitat, Kaffraria, all the J/acrones being West American, while the true Psewdolive, so far as is known, are confined to tropical West Africa. With this species are associated, in iis native 1 §. Hanley, ‘‘ Descriptions of new univalve shelis from the collections of Hugh Cuming and Sylvanus Hanley,” Proc. Zool. Soc., 1859, p. 429-431. 2 J. Conch., vol. 6, p. 149, 1889, pl. 3, fig. 2. 3 This name is preoccupied, having been used fora Nudibranch by Vayssiére in 1879. MELVILL: GENERA PSEUDOLIVA AND MACRON. 325 seas, various Azcil/e and Bullig, some exhibiting a certain similitude to it in form, texture, or coloration; but all in reality far removed from it. Always found in more or less worn condition, as are so many South African mollusca, the surf-laden seas being subject to violent tempests and gales, the outer lip of P. ancz//a is usually imperfect, and such was the condition of the specimen figured by Mr. Sowerby (4c), accordingly it is uncharacteristic. It is not easy to say whether, in life, the surface is covered by an epidermis, but if there be one, it is probably of thin texture. The operculum is unknown; nor have the soft parts been yet studied. Not- withstanding this, I venture, on conchological grounds, to describe it as pertaining to a new genus, and would predict that justification for this step will ultimately be found. I have not yet noted any fossil form coming near this species, which stands alone, as already re- marked, for peculiarity of form. Sylvanocochlis gen. nov. Shell very smooth, dun coloured, imperforate, fading into white in the centre of the last whorl, somewhat solid, spire attenuately fusiform, whorls compressedly flattened, not the least channelled at the sutures, mouth ovate-oblong, outer lip thin, possess- ing a tooth-like projection, near the base, at the point where commences the spiral groove extending over the last whorl to the colum- ellar margin. This last almost smooth, white, shining, with a shining noduled callus in the upper part. Type S. anctlla Hanley. Long. 46 mm., daZ. 25 mm. ad., South Africa (Kaffraria, Hanley). The whorls are 5-6 in number, the two uppermost apical, smooth, somewhat bulb- ous, the rest compressed towards the centre, and so slightly sinuous, the last whorl below the suture compressedly constricted, thence to the base more gradually sloping, fawn coloured fading into a white indistinct fascia in the centre of the last whorl. The mouth is channelled above, at the junction of the columellar with the outer lip. I have seen several examples of this curious shell, but consider the one now taken for the type of the new genus Sy/vanocochlis, though not quite perfect, more so than any other probably now extant; the outer lip being characteristic. The generic name is given in honoured memory of the describer of the species, the late Mr. Sylvanus Hanley, F.L.S. Sylvanocochlis ancilla. 326 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. I1, JULY, 1903. Fam. Auccinide. Sub-fam. Adéurnine. Macron H. & A. Ad., 1858. ‘Operculum unguiculate, not purpuroid, nucleus apical. Shell solid, oblong, roughish, chalky-white, with a thick olive or black epidermis; spire elevated, whorls deeply channelled at the sutures, columella rugulose, white, a callus more or less developed at the upper part, outer lip thin, toothed near the base, this so-called tooth being at the junction of the revolving spiral groove on the last whorl, just above the base.” = In Tryon,' five species alone are admitted of this genus; exclusive of AZ. ethiops Reeve, erroneously referred to Purzpura. ‘The follow- ing is, therefore, a corrected list :— 1. M. hellettii A. Ad. 4. M. livida H. & A. Ad. 2. AZ. ethiops Reeve. 5. W. commoda H. & A. Ad. 3. M. wrightit H. Ad. (including JZ. stereoglypta Sow. ) 1. Macron kellettii. ‘ Pseudoliva kellettis A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 185. 5 » Ssowb., “Thes. Conch.” (Pseudoliva), pl. 116, f. 12. Macron kellettit A. Adams, “‘Gen. Recent Mollusca,” vol. 1, p. 132. P. testa ovata, solida, subperforata, epidermide fusco-villosa tecta; spira prominula, anfractibus rotundatis, sutura canaliculata, anfractu ultimo transverstm sulcato, sulcis postice evanidts, antice valdé distinctis, unica profunda, tn dente sulcato, ad labrum, terminata; apertura ovalt, columella posticé callosi, antice flexuosa, producta, labro posticé inflexo, anticé stnuato-dentato. Fle 6s ‘I am indebted for this species to Professor Edward Forbes, who, although himself describing the shells collected during the voyage of the Herald and Pandora, insisted upon my describing the species when he heard I was preparing a monograph of the genus’ (Arthur Adams). This fine and still rare species comes from the Gulf of California, when in good condition it is always completely covered with a dark, thick epidermis, the shell itself being white. ‘Ihe surface is spirally encircled with grooves, those towards the base being the most. pro- nounced, especially in one instance, the upper ones being very obscure—the rounded sutural canaliculation is also noteworthy. A fine example longitudinally measures nearly 3 inches.? 1 Tryon, ‘‘Man. Conch.,” vol. 3, p. 214. 2 The specimen in Coll. Dennison, a very fine one, with operculum, was sold at Stevens’ Auction Rooms on 24th April, 1865, on the first of the six days’ sale, being numbered lot 110. It realized £5 5s. od., and is now in the Liverpool Museum. MELVILL: GENERA PSEUDOLIVA AND MACRON. 327 2. Macron zthiops.’ Buccnum Asthiops Reeve, Conch. Icon., vol. 3, 1847, pl. 13, f. 108. “Buce testa ovata, spira breviuscula, anfractibus superné late plano- depressis, regulariter costatis, costis grandibus convexts interstitits latiusculis, excavatis; columella et apertura fauce subcorrugatis aut liratis; alba cpidermide cornea anthracina tnduta. “The Blackamoor Buccinum.” Flab., ————? ‘A remarkable species, approximating in form and general character to the Purpura trochlea and its congeners’ (LL. 5S. Reeve). The specimen in my collection is 2°5 inches in length, thick, black, five-whorled, canaliculate at the sutures, last whorl transversly eight- furrowed, the furrows uniform, clearly cut and defined, ribs smooth, mouth oblong-oval, interior white, outer lip with tooth-like projection near the base, the spiral furrow or groove at the point of junction being slightly deeper than the other sulci; columella white, slightly bulbous at the upper part. There are four examples in the Man- chester Museum and several in our National Collection. Mr. G. W. Tryon’ is entirely erroneous in his conclusions as to this large and handsome species being identical with Purpura cingulata 1. He had evidently never seen the shell; this indeed not being sur- prising, as it is very uncommon, but it is always unsafe to draw definite premises from a figure, especially, as in this instance, one taken from ‘a poor and imperfect specimen, not exhibiting any of the salient ‘labial characters, though it be the type. A comparison of the Purpura with the AZacron shows the spiral ribs to be of quite a different character, and the mouth and lip of JZ. e¢hiops resembie no Purpura at all, but are almost identical with those of JZacron kellettit A. Ad, It is West American in distribution. 3. Macron wrightil. Macron wrighttt H. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1865, p. 853. ‘M. testa ovato-trigona, solidisstma, subumbiticata, alba; spira brevt, anfr. 4, convextuscults, superne tabulatis, anfractu ultimo magno, transversim sulcato, sulcts posticé evanidis, antice tribus valde ats- tinctis, sutura canaliculata, apertura ovali, = tottus longttudinis teste; columella arcuata, callo postice coptoso, canalt brevi, recurvo,; labro posticé tnflexo, anticé stnuatodentato. Long. 75, lat. 52 mm. Flab., Coast of Patagonia (Coll. mea). ‘The specimen from which the above description is taken was -obtained, I am informed by Mr. Wright, from the Coast of Patagonia. It is very much beach-worn, but when in a fresh state was, I have no 1 Macron cheesniani Uutton, a small species from New Zealand, of which more details are wanted, seems nearest to JZ, ethiops, which it resembles in its deeply channelled spiral ridges, There is a specimen in the National Collection. 2 “‘Man. Conch.,” vol. 3, p. 214. 328 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. II, JULY, 1903. doubt, covered with a thick dark epidermis like the other species of the genus. J. wrightit differs from JZ. kellettii, which it most resembles, in being larger and more solid, and in its short spire and trigonal form, ‘The genus AZacron has hitherto been considered a subgenus of Pseudoliva, but having recently seen the operculum of JZ. edletziz, which is unguiculate, while that of P. /euis (the type of Pseudoliva) is purpuroid, AZacron must be separated and take rank as a genus.’ (H. Adams.) 3A. Macron stereoglypta. Pseudoliva (Macron) stereoglypta Sowb., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1882, p. 119." ‘Shell angularly ovate, ponderous, white; spire rather short, turretted ; whorls 5, convex, rounded at the angle, depressed at the suture, with a prominent ridge between the suture and the angle; the last whorl has the upper angle somewhat rounded, and a second equally rounded angle a little below, sides slightly convex, with three rather broad deep grooves near the base; umbilical ridge thick and broad. Aperture oblong-oval, smooth, white within. Lip very thick at the upper part. Columella furnished with a callosity, which is thickened into a tubercle at the upper part and depressed so as to cover the umbilicus at the lower. Length 75, width 51 mm. Length of aperture 43, width 2I mm. ‘The specimen is, unfortunately, in bad condition, the outer surface being much worn and the lip imperfect; but it is certainly worthy of notice, being the largest species of a very limited genus, and of a bold and striking outline, entirely different from the two largest species hitherto known; LP. ReJe/tit and LP. ethiops. ‘I have not attempted to describe the surface of the shell, on account of its condition, but there are faint indications of obsolete sulci, with a sort of malleation between.’ (G.B.S.) Now it will be patent to all who take the trouble to examine the shell of P. steveoglypta Sowb., at present unique in my collection, and at the same time compare the descriptions here given 7x exfenso to- gether of Messrs. H. Adams and Sowerby, that they both apply to the same individual specimen. In all points, ¢.¢., form, colour, size, certain peculiarities of contour, condition of specimen, etc., the two accounts seem almost exactly to correspond, and with little doubt the new recently proposed name, described seventeen years after wzrightit, must sink into synonymy. In locality, indeed, there is alone a discrepancy. On the authority of the late Mr. Bryce M. Wright Patagonia is given for AZ. wrightit, while California is credited as the birth place of AZ. stexeoglypta. In all probability this latter is correct; t G. B. Sowerby, jr., ‘Descriptions of new shells in the Collection of J. Cosmo Melvill,” Proc. Zool. Soc., 1882, p. 17-121. MELVILL: GENERA PSEUDOLIVA AND MACRON. 320 there are many points of similitude between this heavy, thickly shouldered species and the more elegant AZ. Rellettit. 4. Macron livida. Pseudoliva livida A. Ad., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1854, p. 136. ‘P. testa ovalt, cinerascente, livida, spira obtusa, apice erosa, anfractibus 3-4, convextusculis, transversim crebré striatis, anfractu ultimo anticé obligue-sulcito, sulco unico valde impresso; apertura ovalt, columella alba, postice callo sptrali tnstructa, anticé oblique plicata, canali brevi, aperta, labro margine anticé unidentato, intus lirato. Hab., West Coast of Africa. Mus. Cuming. ‘Most like P. sepimenta Le Guill, but the callous spiral ridge is less prominent, the inner lip is without the dark mark, the columella is less produced anteriorly, the spire is obtuse and eroded, and the whorls are rounded.’ (A.A.) The locality as given above by Adams is entirely erroneous; it is the most common of the genus, and not rare off the Californian coast. My examples, four in number, average 22 mm. in length. It is entirely covered with a thick, swarthy epidermis, the whorls being roundly channelled at the sutures. The mouth and columella, the latter possessing a callus at the upper part, are shining white. Oc- casionally the mouth is stained with reddish-brown. The operculum is unguiculate. 5. Macron commoda. Pseudoliva conmoda H. & A. Ad., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1863, p. 430. ‘P. testa ovato-Susformi, epidermide fusca velutina incrassata obtecta ; spira aperturam equante, anfractibus 5, convextusculis, transversim obsoleté liratis, ultimo elongato anticé sulco profundo spirali, in dentem brevem desinente instructo, sulcis tribus spiralibus ad basim ornato, regione umbilicart impresso, lira valida spirali circumcincto,; apertura ovata, intus fusca, labio albo, crasso, convexo, superne callo instructo, tnferne subtortuoso ; labro intus lirato, margine acuto, intus albo. Hab., ———? (Coll. Tyler). ‘This curious shell belongs to the same group to which P. kellettiz A. Ad., belongs, and to which the name JZacron has been given by the authors.’ (H. & A. Ad.) I can obtain no more information as to this shell. * * * * * EXCLUDED SPECIES. Pseuodoliva australis Sowb., Conch. Ul. ey a Sowb., ‘‘Thes. Conch.,” vol. 3, pl. 216, f. 7-8. Eburna (Zemira) australis Adams, “Gen. Recent Moll.,” 1858, vol. 1, (De 122 330 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL: fo, No. 11, JULY, i903. ‘P. testa ovalt, pallida, fulvo-maculosa, spiraliter leviter striata; spira producta, ad suturam profunde canaliculata, anfractibus ad suturam angulatim elevatis; apertura ovata, antice vix emarginata. Till recently, this species was considered a link between JZacron and the typical Latruncul: (Eburne). But Mr. Charles Hedley having, in 1899, examined the anatomical details, is inclined to pro- pose its transference to the Struthiolaridze.! The operculum appears buecinoid, but the shell itself possesses the revolving spiral canalicu- lation near the base of the last whorl, ending in a tooth-like projection on the outer lip, this being unlike the Zafrzmcu/i, though resembling many Ancille, and of course, AZacron and Pseudoliva. ‘The surface is also closely spirally sulculose throughout, while the chestnut blotches and maculations are, after all, not of the same character in the Zatruncult, and, undoubtedly, Zem?ra will stand as a monotypic genus on its own merits. Native of Australian seas. % * * % 23 DOUBTFUL SPECIES: Pseudoliva espinata Rang. a monoceros Gray. A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 214. ‘mihi ignota’ (A.A.). * plicata Sowb. A ‘ nomen nudum’ only, undescribed. * * = * * We would repeat, in conclusion, that any arrangement of the Pseudolive is as yet, merely tentative and artificial, and will continue to be so till the whole have been studied anatomically. Turricola terrestris and Helix virgata.---I visited at the beginning of Sep- tember the unique British habitat of Zurricola terrestr?s and found (1), that it is undoubtedly spreading its borders (2), that it was so numerous, that as a test I stood with one foot on the road and another on the chalky bank, and without mov- ing a foot I gathered sixty-two specimens, which I returned ; (3), that it found congenial food in bits of paper on the wayside, eating holes therein as heartily as did Helix lucast when in my study; (4), that where it had strayed on to a clover- field it had grown considerably in size and in altitude; (5), that I could see none in two places where I had tried to establish a colony. It may have been that I fell into what is, I believe, a common mistake, namely, to transplant only adult speci- mens that will not again produce eggs. This year I have experimented with imma- ture specimens in another place, and will report next year with what effect. /e/i.x virgata var. radiata is abundant and fairly fine in Rye. It is, as regards Kent, mainly a Romney Marsh seaside form. I have not found it north of Hythe nor south of Rye. I looked in vain for var. a/sa in many places, and at last found a colony of finer specimens than usual a few yards from where I was staying. Have any conchologists noticed a dearth of snails this year? And if so, to what cause do they attribute it? A. xemoralis was rare in several spots where it used to abound. Hf. cartusiana I could not find on Barham Downs where it used to be in plenty. —J. W. Hors.ey, St. Peter's Rectory, Walworth, S.E. (Read before thé Society, November 12, 1902). =e —— —— 1 Hedley, Records Austr Afus., vol: 3, p. 118. 331 ADDITIONAL NOTES UPON THE LAND AND FRESH- WATER MOLLUSCA OF SURREY. By CHARLES PANNELL, Jr. (Read before the Society, December 10, 1902, and May 15th, 1903). SINCE the publication of my paper on the Surrey mollusca (pp. 168— 179 antea) a considerable number of new records have come in. These are given below and will serve to render that list more complete and therefore of greater service to collectors. It is interesting to note that certain species previously included upon the authority of the “Census” only are now given definite localities. Many thanks are due to Mr. W. Whitwell, F.L.S., Mr. A. S. Ken- nard, I.L.S., Mr. Russell Harrison, and Mr. A. Reynell for their valuable assistance. Arion ater (L.). Shirley. 9—Addington, Chelsham, Farley Heath. A. subfuscus Drap. 9—Addington. A. hortensis Fr. 3—South Norwood ; 9—Addington, Tatsfield. A. circumscriptus Johnst. 9—Mickleham Downs, Epsom. Amalia sowerbyi Fér. has turned up at Haslemere, 8, and is reported to be “‘ very common” in suburban gardens. Limax maximus L. 9—Tatsfield. Mr. Taylor, in part 8 of his “Monograph of the Land and Freshwater Mollusca of the British Isles,” records v. concolor Pini. Farnham. v. cellaria D’Arg. 9—Croydon. v. ferussaci Moq. Sutton. L. flavus L. 3—South Norwood ; 8—Haslemere (Tennyson’s Lane), Shottermill (Pitfold Hollow). Agriolimax agrestis L. 3—South Norwood; 8—Brook ; 9— Tatsfield, Addington, Chelsham. Testacella haliotidea Drap. 9-—Warlington. Mr. Taylor (“Monograph,” pt. 8, p. 10) reports the species from Nutfield, Leather- head, Sutton, Dorking, Reigate, and Kew. T. scutulum Sby. Mr. Taylor gives Lambeth as the original locality in Surrey, and Nutfield, Sydenham, Croydon, Dorking, Kew, Headley, and Mitcham (“ Monograph,” pt. 8, p. 19). Vitrina pellucida Mill. 1—FEast Horsley ; 9-—Chelsham, Mickleham, Titsey, and Crohamhurst, Croydon. Hyalinia cellaria Mill. 1—Box Hill, Ranmore, Riddlesdown ; 2—Tooting, Mitcham, Wimbledon ; 3—South Norwood, Walworth ; g—Farley, Addington, Chelsham, Titsey, Headley Lane. 432 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. 11, JULY, 1903. H. nitidula (Drap.). 2—Tooting ; 9—Leatherhead, Tatsfield, Addington, Croydon [v. zé¢ens]. H. alliaria (Miller). 1—East Horsley. H. radiatula (Alder). 9—Addington. H. pura (Alder). 9—Addington, Tatsfield. H. crystallina (Miill.). 9—Mickleham Downs, Sanderstead, Tatsfield. H. fulva (Miull.). o9—East Horsley. H. rotundata Mill. 31—Ranmore, Box Hill; 2—Tooting, Wimbledon ; 8-—Brook ; 9—Mickleham, Titsey, Addington, Chels- ham, Farley, Tatsfield, and reported as “ generally abundant in the Chalk district.” H. aculeata Mill. 9—Mickleham, Titsey. H. pulchella Mill. 2—Tooting; 9—Mickleham, Epsom, Titsey, Addington, Farley. H. lapicida L. 9—Woldingham, Addington, Burford Bridge. H. obvoluta Mull. 7—Norbury Park is given as another Dork- ing locality for this rare species. H. pomatia IL. .1—Ranmore, Box Hill; 9—Chelsham, Mickle- ham, Headley, Chipstead, Warlingham. H.aspersa Mull. Distribution general in districts 2, 3, 8, and 9. H. nemoralis L. 1—Ranmore; 4—Great Woodcote; 9—Epsom, Headley, Mickleham, Addington. H. hortensis Mull. 1—Effingham, Ranmore; 3—-Beddington ; g—Mickleham, Sanderstead, Addington. H. cantiana Mont. 2—Mitcham; 8—Brook; 9—Crohamhurst, Addington, Abinger, Tatsfield, Titsey. H. rufescens Penn. 1 —Ranmore; 2—Tooting, Mitcham; 3— South Norwood ; 9—widely distributed. v. albida and albo-cincta occur at Haslemere, 8. H. hispida L. 2—Tooting; 8—Grayswood ; 9—generally dis- tributed. H. granulata Alder. 9—Sanderstead. H. itala L. 7—Abinger ; 97—Addington, Titsey. H. caperata Mont. 1—Riddlesdown ; 7—Abinger ; 9—Adding- ton, Titsey. H. virgata Da Costa.) 7—Abinger, Hammer; 9—Addington, Crohamhurst Wood. Buliminus obscurus (Miill.). | 7—-Abinger; 9-—Addington, Tatsfield ; 10—Limpsfield. * . Pupa muscorum (L.). 9—Purleydowns, Mickleham, Riddles- down. Balea perversa (L.). 9—Crohamburst. PANNELL: ADDITIONAL NOTES ON MOLLUSCA OF SURREY. 333 Clausilia perversa (Pult.). 9—Addington, Farley, ‘litsey, Tats- field, White Downs, Crohamhurst. v. nigrescens. 8—Grayswood. C. rolphii Gray. 9—Farley Heath. C. laminata (Mont.). 9—Addington, Crohamhurst, Tatsfield, Titsey, Mickleham, and White Downs. Cochlicopa lubrica (Miill.). 2—Tooting Common; 9—Shirley, Mickleham, Netley Heath, Addington, and ‘Tatsfield. Cecilioides acicula (Miill.). g—Mickleham. Succinea putris (1.). 9—Gatton. v. vitrea Mog. 2—Kew. S. oblonga Drap. 3—Battersea, writes Mr. Kennard, was the locality of this species (specimen in the British Museum). S. elegans Risso. 2—Kew. Carychium minimum (Miull.). 9—Woldingham, Mickleham. Planorbis fontanus (Lightfoot). 2—Kew, ditch by river. P. nautileus (L.). _2—Richmond Park. P. albus (L.). 2—Mitcham, Wimbledon Common, Leatherhead, Newdigate. P. spirorbis Mill. 2—Mitcham. P. vortex (L.). 2—Mitcham, Kew, ditch by river, Collierswood ; 9—Gatton. P. umbilicatus Mill. 2—Mitcham, Kew. P. corneus(L.). 2—Kew, Collierswood ; 6—Guildford (R. Wey). P. contortus (L.). 2—Mitcham, Kew, Collierswood; 7— Dorking. Bullinus hypnorum (L.). 2—Kew Lake. Physa fontinalis (L.). 2—Kew Lake and ditch by River Thames. P. acuta Drap. 2—Found by Mr. Whitwell in the Vrcforia regia tank, at Kew (warm), with Poztideria and other tropical plants. Limnza peregra (Miill.). 2-—Tooting, Mitcham, Wimbledon ; g—Leatherhead ; 1to—Newdigate. L. auricularia (L.). 2—Kew. _L. stagnalis (L.). 2—Kew; 9—Gatton. v. fragilis (L.). 2—Kew. L. palustris (Mull.). 2—-Mitcham, Kew, Collierswood. Ancylus fluviatilis Mull. 2—River Mole, Leatherhead. Cyclostoma elegans (Miil.). 1—Box Hill; 97—Upper Walling- ham, Addington. Neritina fluviatilis (L.). 2—Kew (Thames); Putney (Thames). Viviparus contectus (Millet), 2—Kew (Thames), Guildford (River Wey). 334 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. II, JULY, 1903. Bythinia tentaculata (L.). 2—Kew, Mitcham, Collierswood, River Mole. | ; B. leachii (Shepp.). 2—Collierswood, Kew, Richmond, River Mole, Leatherhead. : Valvata piscinalis (Miill.). 2—Richmond Park, Collierswood. V. cristata Mill. 2—Richmond Park, Collierswood, T.eather- head. Unio tumidus Phil. 2—River Thames, Putney and Kew. U. pictorum L. 2—River Thames, Putney and Kew; 9—River Mole, Mickleham. Spherium corneum (L). 2—Mitcham, Kew, Collierswood. S. rivicola (Leach). 2-—River Thames, Kew. : S. pallidum Gray. 2—Kew; 9—Gatton. Pisidium amnicum (Mill). 9—Riddlesdown. ———— —#-@-@—___ Foreign Distribution of Helix virgata, H. caperata, and other British Mollusks.—Having spent some time during the last two summers in places where conchologists cannot be said to jostle each other, some of my records may be inter- esting. Last year, in Sicily, I spent some days roaming about the ruined Greek temples at Girgenti, and though I found Helix aspersa and A. pisana in abundance, as well as a shell indistinguishable from 4. aci¢a, I found no trace of H. virgata or H. capevata. HH. aspersa, H. vermiculata, and H. aferta are commonly sold in Girgenti as food. I also had a fortnight’s wandering over the desolate shore of Karkinit Bay in the Krimea towards Perikop, and here the only two land shells were H. virgata and H. caperata. ‘This year I sought for them along the Russian coast at Ghenitshesk in the Azov, but found neither them nor any other terrestrial mollusk whatever. Jeffreys says :—-‘‘ The foreign distribution of 7. v7gafa appears to be confined to France, Portugal, Italy, Greece, and the sea-board of North Africa.” Having met with it in the Krimea, we may expect it in Asia Minor and Palestine, as this summer I found it among the old forts of Alexandria, and a large form of it may always be found in the market at Algiers. Mr. E. A. Smith informs me that Pfeiffer (‘‘ Monographia Heliceorum,” vol. 1, p. 204, and vol. 5, p. 204), quotes Spain, and later gives the Canary Islands. 4. caferafa has a wider conti- nental distribution, as far east as Palestine, and twenty years ago I found it further east at Bagdad. The only marine mollusk that I could find in the brackish water of the Azov was a small Cardéum, 0°75 inch in diameter, akin to our Caridium edule, Along the western shore it was so abundant, that most of the sand is composed of it. I could not, however, secure a living or even a perfect specimen. This same cockle is ubiquitous in the Black Sea and also came up in anchor mud in the Bosphorus. —Lionet E. Apams (Read before the Soctety, April 8, 1903). 335 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF GREAT BRITAIN & IRELAND. 319th Meeting, April 8th, 1903. Mr. Edward Collier in the chair. Donations to the Library announced and thanks voted : ‘*Marine Mollusca of the Pacific Coast of Canada,” by the Rev. G. W. Taylor (from Mr. R. D. Darbishire); and the usual periodicals received in exchange. Candidates Proposed for Membership. John Hawkins, J.P., 35, Avenue Road, Grantham. Menry Preston, F.G.S., Hawthornden Villa, Spittlegate, Grantham. Robert Worsdale, 75, Dudley Road, Grantham. Papers Read. ** Paludestrina anatina, a species new to Britain,” by J. R. le Brockton Tomlin. “The foreign distribution of Helix virgata, H. caperata and other British Mollusks,” by Lionel E. Adams. Exhibits. By Mr. L. St. G. Byne: Examples of Cyprea cylindrica, type and variety, from New Caledonia, and C. tabescens. sy Mr. E. H. Turner: Cyprea gris var. lineata, and a series of Bulimus ovatus, and its var. chionostomus from Macahé, Brazil. By Mr. J. R. le B. Tomlin: Padludestrina anatina and P. sineil’s to illustrate his paper, and for comparison; and a curiously malformed Planorbis albus. sy Mr. J. W. Jackson: AHyalinia excavata and var. witrina, If. alliaria vay. viridula, Pupa cylindracea, Helix pulchella, H. hispida vay. alba, and Ancylus Huviatel’s collected recently at Marple, Cheshire; 4. 2éspzda var. albida from Gatley Carrs, Cheshire; Pupa cylin tracea Miller’s Dale, and The Winnats, Castleton, Derbyshire, also var. c7¢a from the latter locality ; AZ. aspersa var, mintiia, a very small form, from the south of France; Pupa michaudi from Lille, France; Perr7z- gia girardoti from Brest: and Paludestrina stagnalis from Drogheda, Ireland. 3y Mr. C. W. Vincent: Petrdcola pholadiformis from Walton-on-Naze. 320th Meeting, May 13th, 1903. Mr. Charles Oldham in the chair. Donations to the Library announced and’ thanks voted: The usual periodicals received in exchange. New Members Elected. John Hawkins, J.P., 35, Avenue Road, Grantham. - Henry Preston, F.G.5., Hawthorden Villa, Spittlegate, Grantham. Robert Worsdale, 75, Dudley Road, Grantham. Candidates Proposed for Membership. Miss J. K. Linter, Saville House, Twickenham. Henry Willoughby Smallwood, Holly Mount, Church Road, Moseley, Birming- ham. . James Clarence Smallwood, Hoily Mount, Church Road, Moseley, Birmingham. Letter Read From Mr. k. Welch calling attention to the facilities offered by the laboratory -o. the Ulster Fisheries and Biology Association on Belfast Lough and conveying an invitation to any members of the Society who may be in the neighbourhood to visit and make use of it, 336 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. 10, NO. II, JULY, 1903. Papers Read. ‘Pockets of Land-shells, Bannmouth Dunes, Portstewart,” by R. Welch. “*A Standard. of Value for Exchanges,” by the Rev. J. W. Horsley. “© Additional Notes upon the Land and Freshwater Mollusca of Surrey,” by Charles Pannell. jr. Exhibits. By Mr. R. Welch: A number of fine photograyhs and drawings to illustrate his paper, also a quantity of the rich material from the ‘‘shell-pockets”’ of Portstewart, which was afterwards distributed amongst the members present. By Mr. C. Oldham: Helix hortens's and H. arbustorum var. fusca from Cun- ningsburgh, Shetland. By Mr. J. W. Jackson: Pupa anglica from Compstall Wood; V2tvea roger st and a greenish variety from Oakwood, Cheshire; a fine series of Unio pictorum obtained during a recent draining of the Marple canal for repairs, and a number of varieties of Cyprea tigrzs from Cape York. By Mr. R. Cairns: A fine series of choice examples of Cyp7@a xanthodon Gray, C. pyriformis Gray, C. goodalli Gray, C. stolida var. diauges Melv., C. cribraria var. exmouthensis Melv., C. cumming? Gray, C. nigropunctata Gray, C. petitiana Crosse and Fischer, C. phys¢s Brocchi, C. beckt Gask., and C. chrysalts Kien. By Mr. R. Standen: Hydocystes rochebruni Mabille, from Tonkin. Mr. F. Taylor distributed Pepa anglica from Compstall amongst the members present. 321st Meeting, June toth, 1903. Mr. Edward Collier in the chair. Donations to the Library announced and thanks voted : New Members Elected. Miss J. E. Linter, Saville House, Twickenham. Henry Willoughby Smallwood, Holly Mount, Church Rd., Moseley, Birmingham. - James Clarence Smallwood, Holly Mount, Church Rd., Moseley, Birmingham. Candidate Proposed for Membership. A. D. Darbishire, B.A., Zoological Department, Owens College, Manchester. Paper Read. **Scalidze of the Persian Gulf and North-Arabian Sea, with Descriptions of Sixteen New Species,” by J. Cosmo Melvill and R. Standen. Exhibits. By Mr. J. W. Jackson : Series of Drezssensia polymorpha and Neritina fluvia- “zis, from Canal at Ashton, near Preston ; Helix hispida, Hyalinia radiatula,* Hy. nitida, and very large Limnea peregra, from Poynton, Cheshire. By Mr. J. Ray Hardy: Myalinta excavata, from Sherwood Forest, Nottingham. By Rev. L. J. Shackleford: A fine series of Ziguus fasciatus Miill. and var. crenatus Swains., from Miami, Florida ; also some remarkably ventricose specimens of Luctna colunbella Lam., from St. Vincent, Cape Verde. By Mr. C. H. Moore: Limnaa auricularia and Spherium corneum, from Middlewood ; Planorbis cartnatus, P. albus, Pisidium nitidum, and Limnea truncatula, from Stalybridge ; Helix lapicida, H. concinna, H. rufescens, H. rotun- data var. turtone, and Vitrina pellucida, from Castleton, Derbyshire. -——_— 9° 6+¢—___-— 337 BIBLIOGRAPHY. (LIMITED TO WORKS RECEIVED BY THE SOCIETY’S LIBRARIAN). The Nautilus, vol. 16, no. 12, April, 1903. “‘Mollusks occurring in Southern California,” by R. E. C. Srearns [Zimax maximus, Punctum conspectum, Helix aspersa|, ‘‘Descriptions of new Japanese land shells,” by H. A. Prrspry and Y. Hirase [Chlorités, Eulota, Trishoplita, Arinia]. ‘‘Illustrations of some Japanese land shells,” [plate of spp. described during the last year or two]. ‘‘Habits of Acanthopleura granulata,” by S. H. HAMILYON [adhere tightly to rocks when wave comes and rise afterwards to let water circulate round gills]. ‘‘Temple Prime,” by S. R. RoBeEkrs [obituary notice]. Journal de Conchyliologie, vol. 50, no. 4, 1902. © ‘Note sur quelques especes du genre Pecte, nouvelles ou mal connues,” by A. Bavay [P. vescoi, hab. 2, P. coudeint, New Caledonia, nn. spp., figd.]. ‘‘Descrip- tion d’une espece nouvelle du genre Marginela,” by A. BAVAY [JL fischert, hab. ?, figd.]. ‘‘ Description dune Ova (O. +ubvolabiata) nouveau provenant des Nou- velles Hebrides,” by II. FiscHer. ‘‘Critical Notes on Hervier’s Monograph of the Columbellidze of New Caledonia, with C. hervter? nom. nov.,” by S. PACE. “Une grande Vénus (V. fallax) du miocene supérieur de VAnjou,” by G. F. DOLLFUS. Journal of Malacology, vol. 10, no. 1, March, 1903. _.. **Malacological Notes,” by E. R. Sykes [ Plicaxis n.n. for Rhodina de Morgan nec Guenée; Leptachatina henshawin. sp., Hawaii; Tortulosa preferred to Cataulus, latter a subgen. of the former]. ‘‘ Supposed new species of Helicina (H. gemma) and Bulimulus (B. nubtlis) from Costa Rica,” by H. B. Preston. ‘‘A classified list of the helicoid land shells of Asia, part 5,” by G. K. Gupbe [xil. Further India, excl. Burma]. ‘‘On some species of Slugs collected by Mr. Fruhstorfer,” by W. E. COLLINGE [5 spp. previously described, figured]. ‘‘Notes on Slugs and slug-like Molluscs,” by W. E. CoL.incr. Journal of Applied Microscopy and Laboratory Methods, vol. 6, no 4, Apnil, 1903. “A new agent [copper sulphate] for use in tide pool collecting,” by F. M. CHAMBERLAIN. ; Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, vol. 26, part 2. 1902. ‘—=S » 11.—S, », 12.—S. 5 Lee: og dla 55 15.—S. 4 tS, 5 17.—S. Pe toys calidea cerdanta deifica eclectica emilie gontophora... laidlawi melior rissoineformis syhkestt continens thelcteria towmnsenal ... (Cirsotrema) mammosa (Cirsotrema) optima... (Opalia) xenicima (Cirsotrema) corolla page 341 341 342 343 343 343 344 344 345 346 346 342 346 347 349 350 348 348 Journal of Conchology,Vol X. Plate VII. J.Green del.et lth. Mintern Bros.imp. SGA AT ROM TEE) PhS TAN (GUILT cde: re ey Rieu en Ste Cah i Rr St i Ca aa ay Ag Vou. 10]. JANUARY ist., 1901. [No. 1. HE JOURNAL CONCHOLOGY. BEING THE ORGAN OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. Hon. SECRETARY AND Epiror: Hon. TREASURER : W, E.-HOYLE,. MAS, E. D. BOSTOCK, THE OWENS COLLEGE, TIxaLL LonoGRr, MANCHESTER. STAFFORD. CONTENTS. ait PAGE. Constitution and List of Members Shp ae a ae 200 I Changes in Generic Names in the Pyramidellidee—G. W. Caster ‘8 List of British Marine Mollusca and Brachiopoda: prepared by a Committee of the Conchological Society — ... aM Sa a 9 Tapes Geographicus and T. pullastra—J. T. MARSHALL ae sehen poy) Notes on Helicella Cantiana as food for the Turdide—Rev. R. A BULLEN oa waa ian ABA ine ate eg SOP ef Statement by the Committee for Collective Investigation oon Juste Proceedings of the Society, Annual Meeting, October, 1900 far 728 ——_79—— LONDON: Dutau & Co.,.37, Sono Square, W. LEEDS > TayLor Bros., SOVEREIGN St. | MANCHESTER: J. E. Cornisu, St. ANn’s Sa. BERLIN: FrrepLAENDER & SouNn, CARLSTRASSE 11. THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF GREAT BRITAIN. AND IRELAND. The Object of the Society is the promotion of Conchology, by the holding of: — Meetings for the reading and discussion of original papers, by the publication of proceedings, and by the formation of a Library and Collections illustrative of the science. The Meetings are held on the second Wednesday of each month, at 7 P.M., at the, Manchester Museum,:Owens College, Manchester. The Library and the Collections are deposited in the Manchester Museum, and are open (10 to 5 daily) to Members on application to the Museum Staff. he es ee The Subscription is 5/- per annum; life membership £3 3s. Resignations take effect at the close of the year in which they are given. 5 The ‘Journal of Conchology,’ (quarterly) edited by W. E; Hoyts, M.A., is the organ of the Society, contains all its proceedings and papers, and is supplied free to every Member who is not in arrear with his subscription. Price to Non-Members, 6/- per annum. List of Shellg.—The Conchological Society's List of British Land and Freshwater Shells, 1/6 per dozen post free, may be obtained from the Treasurer or Secretary, Remittances should be sent (and made payable) to the Hon. Treasurer. All other Communications should be addressed to the Hon. Secretary. LIST OF BRITISH MARINE MOLLUSCA. Drawn up by a Committee of the Society. May be had from the Hon. Secretary: Price 4d., post free; Twelve Copies for 3s. SPECIAL NOTICE. Considerable loss having been sustained by the Society on account of the sending of Journals to members whose subscriptions were in Steers, and who were ultimately declared defaulters, The Council has resolved :-— “That the first three numbers of the Journal for each year be sent to those members who are not in arrear as regards the previous year’s sub- scription, and that when the October number is ready for publication, a notice, under cover, be sent to all members who have not then paid the current year’s subscription, and that the Journal be not forwarded till payment has been made.” REPRINTS. Ne of Papers receive 25 copies gratis, those who wish additional copies may have them on payment of the Printer’s charges as below (such reprints to be ordered when the MS. is forwarded for publication) :— 25 copies, 4 pp., 3/6, 8 pp., 4/6. 12 pp., 8/-. 16 pp., 10/6. 50 29 oe) 4/6, ” 6/6. 3, 10/-. ” 12/6. 100 29 29 6/6, Ub 9/-. <5) 12/-. oy) 15/-- ADVERTISEMENTS Will be inserted at the following rates :— Whole Page He 2@ ees 1 20). Quarter Page oe goo Gils Half Page... abi Rew 12/6: Six Lines or under ... beso}: One-third Page ... rie Ol Every additional Line ev ateel Os SPECIAL REDUCTION FOR THE WHOLE YEAR. THE JOURNAL OF MALACOLOGY. Established in 1890 as ‘‘ The Conchologist, a Journal of Malacology.” Edited by WALTER E. COLLINGE, President of the. Midland Matacological Society. With the‘ co-operation of DR. JOSEF F. BABOR. CHARLES HEDLEY, F. L.S THE REV...A. H. -GCOOKE, M.A., F.Z:S.¢..E: R.-SYKES; -B.A.; F.Z.S. B. B. WOODWARD, F.G.S. Indispensable to all Students of the Mollusca. In addition to numerous papers on the anatomy and classification of the Mollusca, and on recent and fossil shells, it contains Reviews and Abstracts of all the important current publications. Fully Illustrated. Prepaid Subscription, 12/= per vol. All communications to W. ¥. COLLINGE, The University, Birmingham. “Any one study, of whatever kind exclusively pursued, deadens in the mind the interest, nay the perception, of any others..—JOHN HeENry NEWMAN. ESTABLISHED 1865. Punctually on the 25th of previous month. PRICE SIXPENCE. SCIENCE GOSSIP. Epirep sy JOHN T, CARRINGTON, assistep sy F. WINSTONE. illustrated. Most Varied Contents. Largest Ciel eae THE ONLY SCIENTIFIC MAGAZINE WITH INDEPENDENT OFFICES. “SCIENCE GOSSIP is now one of the brightest and most diversified monthlies for the lover of science.’’ SUBSCRIPTIONS (6s. 6d. per annum, including Postage, may begin at any time). Send Six Stamps for Specimen Copy. Publishing and Editorial Offices = 110, Strand, London, W.C. ADDRESS ALL) BUSINESS AND EDITORIAL } COMMUNICATIONS TO J Editor and Manages SOWERBY'S ILLUSTRATED INDEX OF BRITISH SHELLS. (Edition 1887.) CONTAINING HAND-COLOURED FIGURES OF ALL THE KNOWN RECENT SPECIES, - Critical Notes to aid in distingushing the species, and other information; is the Latest Completed Work on the Subject. 26 Plates with 750 Coloured Figures. Imperial 8vo. cloth, price 35/-, (30/- nett). For above or prospectus of SOWERBY’ S “THESAURUS CONCHYLIORUM,” List of second-hand Conchologi- cal Books, or CATALOGUES OF MOLLUSCA (largest stock in existence) Address SOWERBY & FULTON, Station Parade, Kew Gardens, near LONDON. BACK NUMBERS OF THE JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. HE Society having acquired the stock of Back Nos. of the Journal from Mr. Taylor, the Council has decided to offer them at the following prices :— Vol. 1. (in the event of a sufficient number of orders being received to justify the reprinting of necessary parts)... ...... 21/- nett. Vols. H., HI., 1V., & VIN. ... to the Public, 8/-, to Members, G/-. Vols. V. & Vi. .... ... ... (Out of Print). ‘Vol. VIE... .. .. .- to the Public, 15/-, do. 12/6. Separate Parts “of Vols. 1.—VU. do. 1/-, do. 9d The Editor will be glad to give ONE STC LING each for clean copies of vol. v., parts 6 and I0; vol. vi., parts I, 5, and II; vol.-viii., part I. MANUAL OF CONCHOLOGY: A. Systematic, Illustrated Monography of the Recent Species of Shells. GEORGE W. TRYON, cae CONTINUED UNDER THE CARE OF THE Conchological Section Acad. Natural. Science of Philadelphia, BY HY. A. PILSBRY, CONSERVATOR. The Manual of Conchology is published, by subscription, in parts (in octavo form), of which four constitute a volume. Each part embraces from sixteen to twenty-four plates, with accompanying text. Each volume is complete in itself, and furnished with appropriate _ title-page, index, etc.. Subscriptions can commence with, and are re- vocable upon, the completion of any volume. Plain Edition.—Per part (four parts ina volume) - - - $3 00 Colored Edition.— Plates eee ¢ colored iy hand, per part- - - . - - = $5 00 Fine Edition.—Heavy paper, sie in duplicate, colored and India tinted, edition strictly limited to 25 copies -- $8 00 First Series.—Marine Gastropods. Fourteen vols. completed. Second Series.—Pulmonata. Eight volumes (including the Mono- graphy of the great family Helicidze) completed. SE The ILLUSTRATIONS of the Manual have received high commendation, and are fully equal to the best figures of shells published. INQUIRIES AND SUBSCRIPTIONS SHOULD BE ADDRESSED TO— S. RAYMOND ROBERTS, Treasurer, — P.O. Address—Glen Ridge, N.J., U.S.A. ; OR KEGAN, PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & Co., Ltd., Charing Cross Road, LONDON ; R. FRIEDLAENDER & SOHN, Berlin. Vox. 10]. APRIL ist, 1901. [No. 2. THE JOURNAL CONCHOLOGY. BEING THE ORGAN OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF GREAT BRITAIN AND TRELAND. 'W.E. HOYLE, M.A B.D). “BOS DOC ky, Hon. SECRETARY AND EpiTor: Hon. TREASURER: THE OwENs COLLEGE, TIXALL LopGR, MANCHESTER. STAFFORD. CONTENTS. =, PAGE. Proceedings of the Society, November, 1900 ... ae a8 On the spreading of Physa ee ae in Lancashire and Cheshire —R. B. Lucas : 34 Conchology at the Dawn and Clee of ie ENtue ent Century Presidential Address—K. R. SYKES noc 35 Paludestrina jenkinsi (Smith) in Cheshire—CHARLES Oiean eee iy) Helix arbustorum at a high altitude—Rry. R. ASHINGTON BULLEN 42 London Branch—Annual Report Shc 42 Mollusca collected by Mr. Rupert Vallentin at sane: Harbott, EF alk. land Isles, 1897-99—J. CosMO MELVILL and R. STANDEN ... 43 Dates of Publication of Forbes and eae ss ears of British Mol- lusca”’—B. B. WooOpWARD .... A 47 Notes from Porthleven, Cornwall—Rev. - W. Honens WYS CW a4 Norfolk Marine Mollusca—ARTHUUR MAYFIELD oa Ne seem axes) Tapes geographicus and T. pullastra—B. B. WoopwarD ... eg SL Proceedings of the Society, December, 1900—March, Igor ... Sad) one Bibliography aa 56 The Geographical Distribution ie extinct ‘British iNGe Marie Mailuges —kR. BULLEN NEWTON Ne ee oe ; : E 58 a oe LONDON: DuLau & Co.; 37, Sono Square, W. LEEDS: Tayror Bros., SovereiGn St. | MANCHESTER: J. E. Cornisu, St. Ann’s Sa. BERLIN : PrrepLAENDER & SoHN, CARLSTRASSE 11. THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. The Object of the Society is the promotion of Conchology, by the holding of 4 Meetings for the reading and discussion of original papers, by the publication of proceedings, and by the formation of a Library and Collections illustrative of the science. The Meetings are held: on the second Wednesday of each month, at 7 P.M., at the Manchester Museum, Owens College, Manchester. 2 The Library and the Collections are deposited in the Manchester Museum, and are open (10 to 5 daily) to Members on application to the Museum Staff. The Subscription is 5/- per annum; life membership 43 3s. Resignations take effect at the close of the year in which they are given. The ‘Journal of Conchology,’ (quarterly) edited by W. E. Hoyts, M.A., is the organ of the Society, contains all its proceedings and papers, and is supplied free to every Member who is not in arrear with his subscription. Price to Non-Members, 6/- per annum. List of Shells.—The Conchological Society's List of British Land and Freshwater Shells, 1/6 per dozen post free, may be obtained from the Treasurer or Secretary. Remittances should be sent (and made payable) to the Hon. Treasurer. All other Communications should be addressed to the Hon, Secretary. LIST OF BRITISH MARINE MOLLUSCA. Drawn up by a Committee of the Society. May be had from the Hon. Secretary, or from Messrs. DULAU & CO., 37, Scho Square, W. Price 4d., post free; Twelve Copies for 3s. If Cash is sent with Order. REPRINTS. Nee of Papers receive 25 copies gratis, those who wish additional copies may have them on payment of the Printer’s charges as below (such reprints to be ordered when the MS. is forwarded for publication) :— 25 copies, 4 pp., 3/6, 8 pp.; 4/6. 12 pp., 8/-. 16 pp., 10/6. 50 Me) 9 4/6, 29 6/6. »» 10/-. ” 12/6. 100 99 ry) 6/6, oe) Q/- ” 12/-. 739 15/-. ADVERTISEMENTS Will-be inserted at the following rates :— Whole Page ve ae) 20) a. Quarter Page ee se etcs Half Page... ae Sa) S126: Six Lines or under ... 3/6. One-third Page ... Sha tele Every additional Line -/6. SPECIAL REDUCTION FOR THE WHOLE YEAR. EXCHANGE COLUMN. ALIFORNIAN and other Marine Shells in Exchange for Marine British and Foreign. —L. SHACKLEFORD, CLITHEROE, LANCs. INE examples of Placos/ylus and Diplomorpha, from the Layard Collection, in Exchange for genera not already in the Manchester Museum, Owens College.—Apply to the DIRECTOR. : THE JOURNAL OF MALACOLOGY. Established in 1890 as ‘‘ The Conchologist, a Journal of Malacology.” Edited by WALTER E. COLLINGE, President of the Midland Matacological Society. With the co-operation of DR. JOSEF F. BABOR. CHARLES HEDLEY, F.L:S. DHESNEV. -A. JH COOKE, M.As 1 Z-S- BR. SMES; BaA., 8. ZS. B. B. WOODWARD, F.G.S. Indispensable to all Students of the Mollusca. In addition to numerous papers on the anatomy and classification of the Mollusca, and on recent and fossil shells, it contains Reviews and Abstracts of all the important current publications. Fully Illustrated. “Prepaid Subscription, 12/= per al All communzcations to W. FE. COLLINGE, The University, Birmingham. “Any one study, of whatever kind exclusively pursued, deadens in the mind the interest, nay the perception, of any others.’—JouN Henry NEWMAN. ESTABLISHED 1865. Punctually on the 25th of previous month, PRICE SIXPENCE. SCIENCE GOSSIP. Epirep sy JOHN T. CARRINGTON, assisteD ty F. WINSTONE. tiustrated. Most Varied Contents. Largest Circulation. THE ONLY SCIENTIFIC MAGAZINE WITH INDEPENDENT OFFICES. - “SCTENCE GOSSIP is now one of the brightest and most diversified monthlies for the lover of science.” SUBSCRIPTIONS (6s. 6d. per annum, including Postage, may begin at any time). Send Six Stamps for Specimen Copy. Publishing and Editorial Offices = 110, Strand, London, W.C. ADDRESS ALL BUSINESS AND EDITORIAL e COMMUNICATIONS TO Editor and Manages SOWERBY'S ILLUSTRATED INDEX OF BRITISH SHELLS. (Edition 1887.) CONTAINING, HAND-COLOURED FIGURES OF ALL THE KNOWN RECENT SPECIES, Critical Notes to aid in distingushing the species, and other information ; is the Latest Completed Work on the Subject. 26 Plates with 750 Coloured Figures. Imperial 8vo. cloth, price 35/-, (30/- nett). For above or prospectus of SOWERBY’S “THESAURUS CONCHYLIORUM,” List of second-hand Conchologi- cal Books, or CATALOGUES OF MOLLUSCA (largest stock in existence) Address SOWERBY & FULTON, Station Parade, Kew Gardens, near LONDON. BACK NUMBERS OF THE JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. HE Society having acquired the stock of Back Nos. of the Journal from Mr. Taylor, the Council has decided to offer them at the follow! ing prices :— Vol. |. (in the event of a sufficient number of orders being received to justify the reprinting of necessary parts)... -... ... 21/- nett. Vols. H., HN. IV., & VII.... tothe Public, 8/-, to Members, 6/=. Vols. V & VI... _...._... (Out of Print). Vol. VII... ... - to the Public, 15/-, do. 12/6. - Separate Parts oi Vols. I.—VII. do. 1/-, do. 9d The Editor will be glad t) give ONE SHILLING each for clean copies of ~ vol. v., parts 6 and IJ0; vol. vi., parts I, 5, and II; vol. viii., part I. MANUAL OF CONGHOLOCY: A Systematic, Illustrated Monography of the Recent Species of Shells. GEORGE W. TRYON, Junr., CONTINUED UNDER THE CARE OF THE Conchological Section Acad. Natural Science of Philadelphia, BY HY. A. PILSBRY, CONSERVATOR. The Manual of Conchology is published, by subscription, in parts (in octavo form), of which four constitute a volume. Each part embraces from sixteen to twenty-four plates, with accompanying text. Each volume is complete in itself, and furnished with appropriate title-page, index, etc. Subscriptions can commence with, and are re- vocable upon, the completion of any volume. Plain Edition.—Per part (four parts in a volume) - - - $3 00 Colored Edition.—Plates Selly colored by hand, per part- - - =e Ges Fine Edition.—Heavy paper, plates in duplicate, colored and India tinted, edition strictly limited to 25 copies - $8 oo First Series.—Marine Gastropods. Fourteen vols. completed. Second Series.—Pulmonata. Eight volumes (including the Mono- graphy of the great family Helicidze) completed. S~- The ILLUSTRATIONS of the Manual have received high commendation, and are fully equal to the best figures of shells published. INQUIRIES AND SUBSCRIPTIONS SHOULD, BE ADDRESSED TO— S. RAYMOND ROBERTS, Treasurer, P.O. Address—Glen Ridge, N.J., U.S.A. ; KEGAN, PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER Se Co., els Charing Cross Road, LONDON ; R. FRIEDLAENDER & SOHN, Berlin. Wore 10) JULY. Ist, 1901. “(No.3 | : EES OF CONCHOLOGY f ) d : BEING THE ORGAN OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY. F OF GREAT BRITAIN. AND IRELAND. Hon. SECRETARY AND Epiror: Hon. Treasurer: W. E. HOYLE, M:A., ED: BOsTe cK. THE Owens COLLEGE, TIXALL Lover, MANCHESTER. STAFFORD. : CONTENTS. ‘ PAGE, The Geographical Distribution of extinct British Non-Marine Mollusca —R. BULLEN NEWTON (corf2n27e: ) se ae Be 505 OE The Marine Mollusca and Brachiopoda of the Isle of Man—L. Sr.-G. ByNE and A. LEICFSTER __.... 550 SA Set eer Seley A Notes of Shells observed and collected in East Sussex —W.WuITWELL _86 Proceedings of the Society, April, May, 1g01 ... ae fe SZ Notice by the Committee for Collective Investigation ... ae Sa 1S) Bibliography ek oh ae nef Py co aR SR as 0) Reversed Helices recently found in Lancashire-—Ep. Con.irr Pees Od On the Mucus-Threads of Land Slugs—H. Waris Kew... “eo $$$ LONDON: Dutau & Co., 37, Sono Squat, W. LEEDS: Tavior Bros., Sovereign St. | MANCHESTER: J. E. Cornisu, St. Ann’s Sa. BERLIN: FrrepLaeNnper & SoHN, CARLSTRASSE It. ‘See Notice of Rambles on next page. CONCHOLOGICAL RAMBLES) _ In the Neighbourhood of MANCHESTER: a July 6.° Hope. Central Station, 2-30 p.m, ; Victoria, 1-40 p.m. Fare 2s. July 27. Marre. London Road Station, 1-32 p.m. Fare Is. 3d. Sep. 7. GurpE Bripcr. London Road Station, 2-28 p.m. Fare 9d. THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. — The Object of the Society is the promotion of Conchology, by the holding of Meetings for the reading and discussion of original papers, by the publication of proceedings, and by the formation of a Library and Collections illustrative of the science. E The Meetings are held on the second Wednesday of each month, at 7 p.m., at the Manchester Museum, Owens College, Manchester. The Library and the Collections are deposited im the Manchester Museum, and are open (10 to 5 daily) to Members on application to the Museum Staff. The Subscription is 5/- per annum; life membership £3 3s. Resignations take effect at the close of the year in which they are given. The ‘Journal of Conchology,’ (quarterly) edited by W. E. Hoye, M.A,, is, the organ of the Society, contains all its proceedings and papers, and is. supplied free to every Member who is not in arrear with his subscription. Price to Non-Members, 6/- per annum. List of Shells.—The Conchological Society's List of British Land and Freshwater Shells, 1/6 per dozen post free, may be obtained from the Treasurer or Secretary. Remittances should be sent (and made payable) to the Hon. Treasurer, All other Communications should be addressed to the Hon. Secretary. LIST OF BRITISH MARINE MOLLUSCA. Drawn up by « Commattee of the Society. May be had from the Hon. Sccretary, or from Messrs. DULAU & CO., — 37, Soho Square, W. Price 4d., post free; Twelve Copies for 3s. If Cash is sent with Order. & 3 REPRINTS. ; UTHORS of Papers receive 25 copies. gratis, those who wish additional copies - may have them on payment of the Printer’s charges as below (such reprints to be ordered when the MS. is forwarded for publication) :— 25 copies, 4 pp., 3/6; 8 pp.: 4/6. 12-pp..8/- 16 pp., 10/6. 50 23 23 4/6, ) 6) : oi) 10/-. ) 12/0. 100 29 29 6/6, oe 9/-. yr) 12/-. ” I5/-. ADYVERTISEMENTS Will be inserted at the following rates :— Whole Page te hen, 7 20)-. Quarter Page aah Se Ine Half Page... aie 12/6. Six Lines or under ... a et8) OF One-third Page ...- ... 8/-, Every additional Line we ef 6, SPECIAL REDUCTION FOR THE WHOLE YEAR. THE JOURNAL OF MALACOLOGY. Established in 1890 as°** The Conchologist, a Journal of Malacology.” Edited by WALTER ES COLLINGE, President of the Midland Malacological Society. With the co-operation of -DR: JOSEF F. BABOR. CHARLES HEDZEY, F.1S. THE IEW cA. El COOKE SMA, WHeZ.S.-- ER. SVIRES, Bi Ae, F. Z.9. B. B. W OODWARD, Ges. Indispensable to all Students of the Mollusca. In addition to numerous papers on the anatomy and classification of the Mollusca, and-on recent and fossil shells, it contains Reviews and Abstracts of all the important current publications. Fully Illustrated. Prepaid Subscription, 12/= per vol. All communzcations to W. ¥. COLLINGE, The University, Birmingham. “Any one study, of whatever kind exclusively pursued, deadens inthe mind the interest, nay the perception, of any others.’—JOHN HENRY NEWMAN. ESTABLISHED 1865. Punctually on the 25th of previous month. PRICE SISPEN CGE. SCIENCE GOSSIP. Epirep By JOHN T. CARRINGTON, assistep sy F. WINSTONE. illustrated. Most Varied Contents. Largest Circulation. THE ONLY SCIENTIFIC MAGAZINE WITH INDEPENDENT OFFICES. _ “SCIENCE GOSSIP is now one of the brightest and most diversified monthlies for the lover of science.” - SUBSCRIPTIONS (6s. 6d. per annum, including Postage, may begin at any time). Send Six Stamps for Specimen Copy. Publishing and Editorial Offices - 110, Strand, London, W.C. ADDRESS ALL BUSINESS AND EDITORIAL » COMMUNICATIONS. TO ) SOWERBY'S ILLUSTRATED INDEX OF BRITISH SHELLS. (Edition 13887.) CONTAINING HAND-COLOURED FIGURES OF ALL THE KNOWN RECENT SPECIES, Critical Notes to aid in distingushing the species, and other information ; is the Latest Completed Work on the Subject. 26 Plates with 750 Coloured Figures. Imperial 8vo. cloth, price 35/-, (30/- nett). For above or prospectus of . SOWERBY’S “THESAURUS CONCHYLIORUM,” List of second-hand Conchologi- cal Books, or CATALOGUES OF MOLLUSCA (largest stock in existence) Address SOWERBY & FULTON, Station Parade, Kew Gardens, near LONDON. BACK NUMBERS OF THE JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. ‘HE Society having acquired the stock of Back Nos. of the Journal from Mr. Taylor, the Council has decided to offer them at the following prices :— Vol. I. (in the event of a sufficient number of orders being received to justify the reprinting of necessary parts)... ... ... 21/- nett. Vols. Ib, UL, IV., & VE. ... to the Public, 8/-, to Members, 6/-. Vols. V & VI. .... ....__... (Out of Print). Vol. Vil... .:. = to the Public, 15/-, do. 12/6. Separate Parts S Vols. 1.—VII. do. 1/-; do. 9d The Editor will be glad to give ONE SHILLING each for clean copies of vol. v., parts 6 and J0O;-vol. vi., parts I, 5, and II; vol. viii., part I. a MANUAL OF CONGHOLOGY: ; 3 — A Systematic, Illustrated Monography of the Recent Species of Shells. : GEORGE W. TRYON, Junr., CONTINVED UNDER THE CARE OF THE Conchological Section Acad. Natural Science of Philadelphia, BY HY. A. PILSBRY, CONSERVATOR. The Manual of Conchology is published, by subscription, in parts (in octavo form), of which four constitute a volume. Each part embraces from sixteen to twenty-four plates, with accompanying text. — Each volume is complete in itself, and furnished with appropriate title-page, index, etc. _ Subscriptions can commence with, and are re- vocable upon, the completion of any volume. : Plain Edition.—Per part (four parts ina volume) -- - - $3 00 Colored Edition.—Plates pareinlly colored by’ hand, per part- -.- Seer DUES OS Pane Fine Edition.—Heavy paper, plates in duplicate, colored and India tinted, edition strictly limited to 25 copies - $8 oo First Series.—Marine Gastropods.. Fourteen vols. completed. Second Series.—Pulmonata. Eight volumes (including the Mono- ~ graphy of the great family Helicidze) completed. ; Q@S- The ILLUSTRATIONS of the Manual have received high commendation, and are fully equal to the best figures of shells published. INQUIRIES AND SUBSCRIPTIONS SHOULD BE ADDRESSED TO— S. RAYMOND ROBERTS, Treasurer, P.O. Address—Glen Ridge, N.J., U.S.A. ; OR 3 KEGAN, PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & Co., Ltd, Charing Cross Road, LONDON ; R. FRIEDLAENDER & SOHN, Berlin. Vor. 10]. OCTOBER ist, 1901. [No. 4. | Becl D ct-10. Wey, JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. BEING, THE ORGAN OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. Wah. HOW LE,- M.A. Le Dea Bi Ola OrC ke THE Owens COLLEGE, TrxaLt LopGRr, Hon. SECRETARY AND EpiITor: | Hon. TREASURER: MANCHESTER. STAFFORD. CONTENTS. PAGE, On the Mucus-Threads of Land Slugs—H. WaLLis Kew (contented) 97 On South African Marine Shells, with descriptions of new species— EpGar A. SMITH ... Ede teed ais ae ae oe LOA Cypreea chrysalis Kien. and C. microdon Gray—J. Cosmo MELVILL 117 Proceedings of the Society, June, 1901 ae we oop ws 4 120 Bibliography sou Sie ae eo 68 3s ae .s¢ 4: 120 Additions to ‘‘ British Conchology ”—J. T. MAarsHALL se seve SEQ PLATE. Tf. LONDON: Dutau & Co., 37, Sono Square, W. LEEDS: Taytor Bros., SovereicnN St. | MANCHESTER: J. EB. Cornisu, St. Ann’s Se. BERLIN: FrIEDLAENDER & SoHN, CARLSTRASSE It, THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF GREAT BRITAIN AND_ IRELAND. The. Object of the Society is the promotion of Conchology, by the holding of ~ Meetings for the reading and discussion of original papers, by the publication of proceedings, and by the formation of-a Library and Collections illustrative of the science. The Meetings are held on the second Wednesday of each month, at 7 P.M., at the — Manchester Museum, Owens College, Manchester. The Library and the Collections are deposited in t ¢ Manchester Museum. and are open (10 to 5 daily) to Members on application to the Museum Staff. The Subscription is 5/- per annum; life membership 43 3s. Resignations take effect at the close of the year in which they are given. The ‘Journal of Conchology,’ (quarterly) edited by W. E. Hoyts, M.A., is the organ of the Society, contains all its proceedings and papers, and is supplied free to every Member who is not in arrear with his subscription. Price to Non-Members, 6/- per annum. List of Shells.—The Conchological Society's List of British Land and Freshwater Shells, 1/6 per dozen post free, may be obtained from the Treasurer or Secretary. Remittances should be sent (and made payable) to the Hon. Treasurer. All other Communications should be addressed to the Hon. Secretary. LIST OF BRITISH MARINE MOLLUSCA. Drawn wp by a Committee of the Society. May be had from the Hon. Secretary, or from Messrs. DULAU & CO,., 37, Soho Square, W. Price 4d., post free; Twelve Copies for 3s. If Cash is sent with Order. REPRINTS. UTHORS of Papers receive 25 copies gratis, those who wish additional copies may have them on payment of the Printer’s charges as below (such reprints to be ordered when the MS. is forwarded for publication) :-— 25 copies, 4 pp., 3/6, 8 pp-, 4/6. 12 pp. 8/-. 16 pp., 10/6. 50 oe) ” 4/6, ” 6/6. 3» 10/-. ” 12/6. 100 ry) ” 6/6, ye) 9j- oy) 12/-. ” 15/-. ADYERTISEMENTS Will be inserted at the following rates :— Whole Page Je Bln g2O}es Quarter Page a leo pes Half Page... as LZ Os Six Lines or under ... Ses SOs One-third Page ... see Every additional Line ian Os SPECIAL REDUCTION FOR THE WHOLE YEAR. EXCHANGE COLUMN. ALIFORNIAN and other Marine Shclls in Exchange for Marine eRe and Foreign.—L. SHACKLEFORD, CLITHEROE, LANCs. Bc disposal, a copy of the /owrnal, vols. 1-8, bound in half-leather, from the Crosse Library ; also a copy of vol. 1, half- leather—Apply to the Secretary. THE JOURNAL OF MALACOLOGY, Established in 1890 as ‘‘ The Conchologist, a Journal of Malacology.” Edited by WALTER E. COLLINGE, President of the Midland Malacological Society. : With the co-operation of DR. JOSEF F. BABOR. CHARLES HEDZEY, F.1.S: "THE, REV. A. H: CQOKE, M.A:,,-F-Z.S. Bek oO VISD SS BoAt he7aS: B. B. WOODWARD, F.G.S. : Indispensable to all Students of the Mollusca. In addition to numerous papers on the anatomy and classification of the Mollusca, and on recent and fossil shells, it contains Reviews and Abstracts of all the important current publications. Fully Illustrated. Prepaid Subscription, 12/= per vol. All communications to W. E. COLLINGE, The University, Birmingham. “ Any one study, of whatever kind exclusively pursued, deadens in the mind the interest, nay the perception, of any others.’ —JOHN HENRY NEWMAN. ESTABLISHED 1865. Punctually on the 25th of previous month. PRIGE > SIXPENCE: SCIENCE GOSSIP. Epirep sy JOHN T. CARRINGTON, assistep sy F. WINSTONE. illustrated. Most Varied Contents. Largest Circulation. THE ONLY SCIENTIFIC MAGAZINE WITH INDEPENDENT OFFICES. “‘ SOTENCE GOSSIP is now one of the brightest and most diversified monthlies for the lover of science.’”’ SUBSCRIPTIONS (6s. 6d. per annum, including Postage, may begin at any time). Send Six Stamps for Specimen Copy. Publishing and Editorial Offices © = 110, Strand, London, W.C. ADDRESS ALL BUSINESS AND EDITORIAL ) COMMUNICATIONS TO Editor and Manages SOWERBY’S ILLUSTRATED INDEX OF BRITISH SHELLS. (Edition 1887.) CONTAINING HAND-COLOURED FIGURES OF ALL THE KNOWN RECENT SPECIES, ‘Critical Notes to aid in distinguishing the species, and other information ; is the Latest Completed Work on the Subject. 26 Plates with 750 Coloured Figures. Imperial 8vo. cloth, price 35/-, (30/- nett). For above or prospectus of SOWERBY’S “THESAURUS CONCHYLIORUM,” List of second-hand Conchologi- cal Books, or CATALOGUES OF MOLLUSCA (largest stock in existence) Address SOWERBY & FULTON, Station Parade, Kew Gardens, near LONDON. se ee PRICES OF BACK NUMBERS OF THE JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. Vol. I. (in the event of a sufficient number of orders being received to justify the reprinting of necessary parts)... ... ... 21/- nett. Vols. Il., HIN., 1V., & VII.... tothe Public, 8/-, to Members, 6/=. Vols. V. & VI... ©... ... (Out of Print). Vol. VIL. ... ... ... .. +. to the Public, 15/-, do. 12/6. Separate Parts of Vols. I.—VII. do. 1/-, do. 9d The Editor will be glad to give ONE SHILLING each for clean copies of vol. v., parts 6 and 10; vol. vi., parts I, 5, and II; vol. viii., part I. MANUAL OF GONGHOLOGY: A Systematic, lilustrated Monography of the Recent Species of Shells. GEORGE W. TRYON, Junr., CONTINUED UNDER THE CARE OF THE Conchological Section Acad. Natural Science of Philadelphia, BY HY. A. PILSBRY, CONSERVATOR. The Manual of-Conchology is published, by subscription, in parts (in octavo form), of which four constitute a volume. Each part. embraces from sixteen to twenty-four plates, with accompanying text. Each volume is complete in itself, and furnished with appropriate title-page, index, etc. Subscriptions can commence with, and are re- vocable upon, the completion of any volume. Plain Edition.—Per part (four parts ina volume) - - - $3 oo Colored Edition.— Plates cactully cored by hand, per part- - - - - - - ~ le A GEG: Fine Edition.—Heavy ae in duplicate, colored » and India tinted, edition strictly limited to 25 copies - $8 oo. First Series.—Marine Gastropods. Fourteen vols. completed. Second Series.—Pulmonata. Eight volumes (including the Mono- graphy of the great family Helicidze) completed. §mES~ The ILLUSTRATIONS of the Manual have received: high commendation, and are fully equal to the best figures of shells. published. INQUIRIES AND SUBSCRIPTIONS SHOULD BE ADDRESSED TO— S. RAYMOND ROBERTS, Tresstyem P.O. Address—Glen Ridge, N.J., U.S.A. ; KEGAN, PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & Ga Ltd.,, Charing Cross Road, LONDON ; R. FRIEDLAENDER & SOHN, Berlin. we | Vor. 10]. JANUARY 1st, 1902. [No. 5 | Os Rach Down), 13, THE JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. BEING THE. ORGAN OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF GREAT BRITAIN AND ILELAND. Wits oh EROS Vel ay)! IVE AY i ADI-BiOS TL OG K Hon. SECRETARY AND Epitor: Hon. TREASURER? THE Owens COLLEGE, TixaLyt Loper, LEEDS: Tayror Bros., SoveREIGN St. | MANCHESTER: J. E. CornisH, St. ANN’s Sq. BERLIN : FrRIEDLAENDER & Sonn, CARLSTRASSE 11. MANCHESTER. STAFFORD. CONTENTS. PAGE Constitution and List of Members oo cee SS ee rus = 129 London Branch—Annual Report Wee ah wae sis Je 136 The Conchology of the Clyde: Geographical and eras Presi- dential Address—A. SOMERVILLE ... 5 : tee a 37 _ Report on the Hope and Castleton Ramble—J. W. Jackson at 141 -Thomas Rogers—J. CosMo MELVILL ... aA ser Sen sane olay Faunistic Notes—Reyv. J. W. HorsLey ee ane SE Sree A Proceedings of the Society, September (Annual Meeting)—December, EOOL “a3; aH ae eat Ss uf ote ie Fao PA TAS Bibliography ae ‘) 368 an Si ae a ee On the Mucus-Threads of Land Slugs (continwed)—H. WALLIS Kew 153 Oo LONDON: Dutau & Co., 37, Sono Square, W. THE CONCHOLOGICAL, SOCIETY OF GREAT ~ BRITAIN AND IRELAND. : The Object of the Society is the promotion of Conchology, by the holding of- Meetings for the reading and discussion of original papers, by the publication of proceedings, and by the formation of a Library and Collections illustrative of the science. The Meetings are held on the second’ Wednesday of each month, at 7 p.m., at the Manchester Museum, Owens: College, Manchester. The Library and the Collections are deposited in the Manchester Museum, and are open (10 tod. daily) to Members on application to the Museum Staff. The Subscription is 5/- per annum; life membership 43 3s. Resignations take effect at the close of the year in which they are given. The ‘Journal of Conchology,’ (quarterly) edited by W. E. Hovie, M.A., is the organ of the Society, contains all its proceedings and papers, and is Supplied free to every Member who isnot in arrear with his subscription. Price’ to Non-Members, 6/- per annum. Lists of Shells.—The Conchological Society's List of British Land and Freshwater Shells, 24d. each, 1/6 per dozen: Marine Mollusca, 4d. each, 3/- per dozen, post free, if cash is sent with order, may be obtained from the Treasurer or Secretary. Remittances should be sent (and made payable) to the Hon. Treasurer. All other Communications should be addressed to the Hon. Secretary. SPECIAL NOTICE. Considerable loss having been sustained by the Society on account of the sending of Journals to members whose subscriptions were in arrears, and who were ultimately declared defaulters, The Council has resolved :— “That the first three numbers of the Journal for each year be sent to those members who are not in arrear as regards the previous year’s sub- scription, and that when the October number is ready for publication, a notice, under cover, be sent to all members who have not then paid the current year’s subscription, and that the Journal be not forwarded till payment has been made.” REPRINTS. ae of Papers receive 25 copies gratis, those who wish additional copies may have them ‘on payment of the Printer’s charges as below (such reprints to be ordered when the MS. is forwarded for publication) :— 25 copies, 4 pp., 3/6, 8 pp, 4/6. 12 pp., 8/-. 16 pp., 10/6. 50 99 2° 4/9, 3) 6/6. 39 10/-. be) 12/6. 100 ” ” 6/6, ny Oye » 12/-. ” 15/-. ADWYVERTISEMENTS Will be inserted at the following rates :— — Whole Page as %. 7 20}-, Quarter Page aus ees oorlfee Half Page... cae soak HBr Six Lines or under ... Bee: One-third Page ... Pt Olas Every additional Line eG (Gy SPECIAL REDUCTION FOR THE WHOLE YEAR. EXCHANGE COLUMN. ANTED, Calcareous Eggs of-any Exotic Land Shells (other than 2. oblongus) 5 good exchange offered.—R. STANDEN, 113, Sewerby Street, Alexandra Park, Manchester. } THE JOURNAL OF MALACOLOGY, Established in 1890 as ‘‘ The Conchologist, a Journal of Malacology.” ‘Edited by WALTER. Es COLLINGE, President of the Midland Malacological Society. . With the co-operation of DR. JOSEF F.- BABOR. CHAREES HED LEY, F-L.S. DEE IME Vi. AW H COONE,), M.A, FsZis: Hane SVACES! IBAA. hZrSe Indispensable to all Students of the Mollusca. In addition to numerous papers on the anatomy and classification of the Mollusca, and on recent and fossil shells, it contains Reviews and Abstracts of all the important current publications. Fully Illustrated. Prepaid Subscription, 12/= per vol. All communications to WW. E. COLLINGE, The University, Birmingham, “Any one study, of whatever kind exclusively pursued, deadens i2-the mind the interest, nay the perception; of any others.’.—JOHN HENry NEwMAN. ESTABLISHED 1865. Punctually on the 25th of previous month. PRICE > SPX PEIN Gh SCIENCE GOSSIP. Eprrep sy JOHN T. CARRINGTON, assistep: sy F. WINSTONE. illustrated. Most Varied Contents. Largest Circulation. THE ONLY SCIENTIFIC MAGAZINE WITH INDEPENDENT OFFICES. “SCIENCE GOSSIP is now one of the brightest and most diversified monthlies for the lover of science.’ SUBSCRIPTIONS (6s. 6d. per annum, including Postage, may begin at any time). Send Six Stamps for Specimen Copy. Publishing and Editorial Offices = 110, Strand, London, W.C. ADDRESS ALL BUSINESS AND EDITORIAL rv COMMUNICATIONS TO Editor and Manages RECENT MOLLUSCA, GLASS-TOPPED BOXES & CONCHOLOGICAL WORKS, ~SOWERBY & FULTON established by G. B. SOWERBY, 1860). THE LARGEST AND FINEST. STOCK OF SHELLS IN- THE WORLD. CATALOGUES CONTAINING 12,000 SPECIES, SALE. PURCHASE. EXCHANGE. COLLECTIONS & SPECIMENS NAMED & ARRANGED. Glass-Topped Boxes, Cardboard Trays, etc., as supplied to the Indian Museum, Cambridge Musevm of Zoology, etc. We keepa Large Stock, and Supply PROMPTLY at Moderate Prices. Plan of sizes, with prices, post free. Sowerby’s Illustrated index of British Shells (the latest completed work on the subject), containing Coloured Figures of all the known Recent Species, with Names and other informa- tion. (Edition 1887). By G. B. Sowerby (3). With 26 Coloured Plates (750 figures). Imperial 8vo., cloth, price 33s. (30s. nett). Address SOWERBY & FULTON, Station Parade, Kew Gardens, near LONDON. PRICES OF BACK NUMBERS OF THE JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. Vol. 1. (in the event of a sufficient number of orders being received to justify the reprinting of necessary parts)... ... ... 21/- nett. Vols. Il., Il., 1V., & VII. ... to the Public, 8/-, to Members, 6/-. Vols. V & VI... ... © «., (Out of Print), Vol. Vill... 2... 4 to the Public, 15/-, do. 12/6. Separate Parts of Vols. 1.—VII. do. 1/-, do. 9d The Editor will be glad to give ONE SHILLING each for clean copies of - vol. v., parts 6 and I0; vol. vi., parts I, 5, and II; vol. viii., part I. MANUAL OF GONGHOLOGY: GEORGE W. TRYON, Junr., CONTINUED UNDER THE GARE OF THE Conchological Section Acad. Natural Science of Philadelphia, BY HY. A. PILSBRY, CONSERVATOR. The Manual of Conchology is published, by subscription, in parts (in octavo form), of which four constitute a volume. Each part. embraces from sixteen to twenty-four plates, with accompanying text. Each volume is complete in itself, and furnished with appropriate title-page, index, etc. Subscriptions can commence with, and are re- vocable upon, the completion of any volume. Plain Edition.—Per part (four parts ina volume) - - - $3.00 Colored Edition.—Plates carefully colored by hand, per part- - - te EPS Sy Bec A te Se Fine Edition.—Heavy paper, plates in duplicate, colored and India tinted, editicn strictly limited to 25 copies - $8 oo First Series.—Marine Gastropods. Fourteen vols. completed. Second Series.—Pulmonata, Eight volumes (including the Mono- graphy of the great family Helicidee) completed. _ SES The ILLUSTRATIONS of the Manual have received high commendation, and are fully equal to the best figures of shells published. INQUIRIES AND SUBSCRIPTIONS SHOULD BE ADDRESSED TO— S. RAYMOND ROBERTS, Treasurer, P.O. Address—Glen Ridge, N.J., U.S.A. ; OR KEGAN, PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & Co., Lid., Charing Cross Road, LONDON ; R. FRIEDLAENDER & SOHN, Berlin. | Won tol APRIL 1st, 1902. [No. 6. Reed Apr set (az THE fF LOURNAL CONCHOLOGY. | BEING THE ORGAN QF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. Hon. SECRETARY AND EpITor: Hon. TREASURER: W. E.-HOYVYLE|, 7M .A.; Eo D.. BOS-LO GK THE Owens COLLEGE, STONE, MANCHESTER. STAFFORDSHIRE. CONTENTS. : On the Mucus-Threads of Land Slugs (covéénued)—H. WALLIS Kew 161 Tapes geographicus and T. pullastra—J. T. MARSHALL — .., Bie = (6X6) A Final Note on Tapes geographicus—B. B. Woopwarp ... cee Oy, The Land and Freshwater Mollusca of Surrey, with the Localities where the Species and Varieties have been found—C. PANNELL, jr. 168 Keport on the Guide Bridge and Dukinfield Ramble—J. W. Jackson 179 Report of the Committee appointed to draw up a Revised List of British Marine Mollusca and Brachiopoda ... as ise san 180 Report on the Marple Ramble—R. StranpEN AEA pick ee ee DOD Some Undescribed Varieties of Cypreea—AGNES KENYON ... rh eee LOS A Few Notes on Imported Mollusca—W. A. GREEN SG els eet Proceedings of the Society, January-March, 1902 a noe Bore |paLltolo) Bibliography ae Be! ire ae a 333 ia sn ps SEOS Additions to ‘ British Conchology ’ (conténwed)—J. T. MARSHALL... 190 ———— ~~. LONDON: Dutau & Co., 37, Sono Square, W. LEEDS: Tayior Bros., SovEReIGN St. | MANCHESTER:7J. E. CornisH, St. ANN’s Sa. BERLIN : FrigpLaENDER & Sonn, CARLSTRASSE It. THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. The Object of the Society is the promotion of Conchology, by the holding of Meetings for the reading and discussion of original papers, by the publication of proceedings, — -and by the formation of a Library and Collections illustrative of the science. The Meetings are held on the second Wednesday of each month, at 7 -p.m., at the Manchester Museum, Owens College, Manchester. The Library and the Collections are deposited in the Manchester Museum, and are open (10 to 5 daily) to Members on application to the Museum Staff. The Subscription is 5/- per annum; life membership 43 3s. Resignations take effect at the close of the year in which they are given: The ‘Journal of Conchology,’ (quarterly) edited by W. E, Hoy.e, M.A., is the organ-of the Society, contains all its proceedings and papers, and is supplied free to every Member who is not in arrear with his subscription. Price to Non-Members, 6/- per annum. Lists of Shells.—The Conchological Society's List of British Land and Freshwater Shells, 23d. each, 1/6 per dozen: Marine Mollusca, 4d. each, 3/- per dozen, post free, if cash is sent with order, may be obtained from the Treasurer or Secretary. Remittances should be sent (and made payable) to the Hon. Treasurer. All other Communications should be addressed to the Hon. Secretary. SPECIAL NOTICE. Considerable loss having been sustained by the Society on account of the sending of Journals to members whose subscriptions were in arrears, and who were ultimately declared defaulters, The Council has resolved :— ‘«That the first three numbers of the Journal for each year be sent to those members who are not in arrear as regards the previous year’s sub- - scription, and that when the October number is ready for publication, a notice, under cover, be sent to all members who have not then paid the current year’s subscription, and that the Journal be not forwarded till payment has been made.” REPRINTS. UTHORS of Papers receive 25 copies gratis, those who wish additional copies may have them on payment of the Printer’s charges as below (such reprints to be ordered when the MS. is forwarded for publication) :— 25 copies, 4 pp., 3/6 S pp.» 4/6. 12 pp., 8/-. ~ 16 pp., 10/6. 50 i) 2? 4/6, ” 6/6. >, 10/-. »” 12/6. 100 2 ” 6/6, 29 9/-- 29 wat ” I5/-. ADYERTISEMENTS Will be inserted atthe following rates :— Whole Page ie a SOE: Quarter Page ie’ SESS eae Half Page... ae jet 12/65 Six Lines or under ... =+ - 3/6: One-third Page ... Te Sle: Every additional Line Wee af Os SPECIAL REDUCTION FOR THE WHOLE YEAR. EXCHANGE AND ENQUIRY COLUMN. HELLS of the United States, east, west, and south coast, Land, Freshwater, and Marine, for Species not in my Collection. Zzs¢s_first.—W™. H. WEEKS, Jr., 508, Willoughby Avenue, Brooklyn, N.Y., U.S.A. THE JOURNAL OF MALACOLOGY,. Established in 1890 as ‘* The Conchologist, a Journal of Malacology.” » Edited by WALTER >-E.. GCOLLENGE; President of the Midland Matacological Society. With the co-operation of DR. JOSEF F. BABOR. CHARLES HEDZEY, F.L.S. PPP WeeA EL COOKE, MAS -E-Z.S, ~ Bz Re SVKES, B.A). -B-Z.S: B._B. WOODWARD, F.G.S. Iindispensabie to all Students of the Mollusca. In addition to numerous papers on the anatomy and classification of the Mollusca, and on recent and fossil shells, it contains Reviews and Abstracts of all the important current publications. Fully Illustrated. Prepaid Subscription, 12/= per vol. All communications to \V. KE. COLIANGE, The University, Birmingham. “Any one. study, of whatever kind exclusively pursued, deadens tn the mtind the interest, nay the perception, of any others. —JOHN Henry NEWMAN. ESTABLISHED 13865. Punctually on the 25th of previous month. PERSE Cis Ss LEXeP hy Ne C/E. SCIENCE GOSSIP. Epirep sy JOHN T. CARRINGTON, assistep sy F. WINSTONE. diiiustrated. Most Varied Contents. Largest Circulation. THE ONLY SCIENTIFIC MAGAZINE WITH INDEPENDENT OFFICES. “*SCIENCE GOSSIP is now one of the brightest and most diversified monthlies for the lover of science.’’ SUBSCRIPTIONS (6s. 6d. per annum, including Postage, may begin at any time). Send Six Stamps for Specimen Copy. Publishing and Editorial Offices - 110, Strand, London, W.C. ADDRESS ALL BUSINESS AND-EDITORIAL L COMMUNICATIONS TO ,) Editor and Manages RECENT MOLLUSCA, GLASS-TOPPED BOXES & CONCHOLOGICAL WORKS. SOWERBY & FULTON (established by G. B. SOWERBY, 1860). THE LARGEST AND FINEST STOCK OF SHELLS IN THE WORLD. CATALOGUES CONTAINING 12,000 SPECIES, SALE. PURCHASE. EXCHANGE. COLLECTIONS & SPECIMENS NAMED & ARRANGED. ‘Glass-Topped Boxes, Cardboard Trays, etc., as supplied to the Indian Museum, Cambridge Museum of Zoology, etc. We keepa Large Stock, and supPpLyY PROMPTLY at Moderate Prices. Plan of sizes, with prices, post free. ‘Sowerby’s Illustrated index of British Shells (the latest completed work on the subject), containing Coloured Figures of all the known Recent Species, with Names and other informa- tion. (Edition 1887). By G. B. Sowerby (3). With 26 Coloured Plates (750 figures). . Imperial 8vo., cloth, price 3ds. (30s. nett). Address SOWERBY & FULTON, Station Parade, Kew Gardens, near LONDON. PRICES OF BACK NUMBERS OF THE JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. Vol. I. (in the event of a sufficient number of orders being received to justify the reprinting of necessary parts)... ... ... 21/- nett. Vols. II., HN., 1V., & VIE... to the Public, 8/-, to Members, 6/=. Vols. V. & Vik... =... (Out of Print). Vol. VII... to the Public, 15/, do, 12/6. ‘ Separate Parts of Vols. 1.—VII. do. 1/-; do. 9d The Editor will be glad to give ONE SHILLING each for clean copies of vol. v., parts 6 and 10; vol. vi., parts I, 5, and II; vol. viii., part I. MANUAL OF CONCHOLOGY: A Systematic, Illustrated Monography of the Recent Species of Shells. GEORGE W. TRYON, Junr., CONTINUED UNDER THE CARE OF THE Gonchological Section Acad. Natural Science of Philadelphia, BY HY. A. PILSBRY, CONSERVATOR. The Manual of Conchology is published, by subscription, in parts (in octavo form), of which four constitute a volume. Each part embraces from sixteen to twenty-four plates, with accompanying text. Each volume is complete in itself, and furnished with appropriate title-page, index, etc. Subscriptions can commence with, and are re- vocable upon, the completion of any volume. Plain Edition.—Per part (four parts ina volume) - - -_ $3 00 Colored Edition.—Plates ‘carefully colored by hand, per park -- =) - Syl See Oe oe Ae eo: Fine Edition.—Heavy paper, plates in duplicate, colored and India tinted, edition strictly limited to 25 copies - $8 oo — First Series.— Marine Gastropods. Fourteen vols. completed. Second Series.— Pulmonata. Eight volumes (including the Mono- graphy of the great family Helicidee) completed. Gas The ILLUSTRATIONS of the Manual have received high commendation, and are fully equal to the best figures of shells — published. INQUIRIES AND SUBSCRIPTIONS SHOULD BE ADDRESSED TO— S. RAYMOND ROBERTS, Treasurer, P.O. Address—Glen Ridge, N.J., U.S.A. ; KEGAN, PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & Co., Ltd., Charing Cross Road, LONDON ; R. FRIEDLAENDER & SOHN, Berlin. 10]. . JULY 1st, 1902. [No. 7. THE JOURNAL CONCHOLOGY. BEING THE ORGAN OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF GREAT BRITAIN AND [RELAND. Hon. SECRETARY AND Epiror: Hon. TREASURER: W. Ee HOYLE; M-A., BH. D. BOST OC K- THE Owens COLLEGE, STONE, MANCHESTER. STAFFORDSHIRE. 1 CONTENTS. PAGE | ~ Additions to ‘ British Gachelsey: (contenued)—J. T. MARSHALL ... ~ 193 | Note on a Colour Variety of Cyprea—L. St. G. Bynr Jaen eal OS | South African Notes—E. W. SWANTON coe LE! On the adoption of Revereto’s Cypriniadea for Arctica of Schumacher —k. BULLEN NEwrTon 206 ae awe ors she +» .196 ° British Cephalopoda: their Nomenclature and Identification—W. E. i HOYLE... 508 550 aoe a a aA me enn LOY, / Bibliography 5% ite ex Ss abe te a pte Ole) The section Placostylus of the Genus Bulimus—Epwarp CoLLier 208 Two Points in Nomenclature—W. E. Hoy te ... = wee Sahih ei Proceedings of the Society, April-May, 1902... he oe pug AS Buckinghamshire Mollusca: New Records—ALFRED LEICESTER ... 216 The Hope and Castleton Ramble ; Additional Note—J. W. JACKSON 216 The Census of the British Land and Freshwater Mollusca —LIONEL E. ADAMS ne ras Sie ae ae hee sae Sons LONDON: Dutau & Co., 37, SOHO SQUARE, W. LEEDS: Tavior Bros., SovEREIGN St. | MANCHESTER: J. E. Cornisu, St. ANN’S Se. | BERLIN: FrizpLaenpEer & Sonn, CARLSTRASSE Tie See Notice of RAMBLES on next page. /_.--«- © There will be No Ordinary Meetings in aq ue JULY and AUGUST. CONCHOLOGICAL RAMBLES IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD OF MANCHESTER. July. 12th? = - Leasowe, Cheshire. Central Station, 1-30 p.m. Aug. oth - - Miuller’s Dale. (In case Excursion Train not available, another place fixed, and local Members notified) Sept. 13th - - Bardsley Canal. London Road Station, 1-50 p.m. -THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. The Object of the Society is the promotion of Conchology, by the holding of Meetings for the reading and discussion of original papers, by the publication of proceedings, and by the formation of a Library and Collections illustrative of the science. The Meetings are held on the second Wednesday of each month, lat 7 P:M., at the Manchester Museum, Owens College, Manchester. i The Library and the Collections are deposited in the Manchester Musettm, and are open (10 to 5 daily) to Members on application to the Museum Staff. The Subscription is 4/- per annum; life membership 43 3s. Resignations take effect at the close of the year in which they are given. The ‘Journal of Conchology,’ (quarterly) edited by W. E. Hovis, M.A., is 4/6, 39 6/6. >, 10/-. 29 12/6. 100 29 >» 6/6, 29 Qi-. 9 12/-. oe) 15/-. ADYERTISEMENTS Will be inserted at the followmg rates :— Whole Page 4, ane ZO}. Quarter Page sy eee WE Half Page... ee esi allsy Six Lines or under ... noe se Sy Os One-third Page ... ES hes Every additional Line —... -/6. SPECIAL REDUCTION FOR THE WHOLE YEAR. THE JOURNAL OF MALACOLOGY. Established in 1890 as ** The Conchologist, a Journal of Malacology.” Edited by WALTER E. COLLINGE, G President of the Midland Malacological Society. With the co-operation of DR. JOSEF F. BABOR. 2 CHARLES: HEDLEY, ¥.L.S. SEE Vae yi COOKE NEA eh Zis40 be Ra SYIKES, BoA; FZ. SH B. B. WOODWARD, F.G.S. Indispensable to all Students of the Mollusca. In addition to numerous papers on the an: atomy and classification of the Mollusca, and on recent and fossil shells, it contains Reviews and Abstracts of all the important current publications. Fully Illustrated. Prepaid Subscription, 12/= per vol. All communzcations te WV. FE. COLLIncr, The University, Birmingham. “Any one study, of whatever kind exclusively pursued, deadens in the mind the interest, nay the perception, of any others.’ —JOHN Henry Newman. : ESTABLISHED 1865, Punctually on the 25th of previous month. PeRa Cee Ss DXeP R NCE SCIENCE GOsSIPpP @ Epitep ny JOHN T. CARRINGTON, assistEp By F. WINSTONE. Iilustrated. Most Varied Contents. Largest Circulation. THE ONLY SCIENTIFIC MAGAZINE WITH INDEPENDENT OFFICES. ““SCIENCE GOSSIP is now one of the brightest and most diversified monthlies for the lover of science.” SUBSCRIPTIONS (6s. 6d. per annum, including Postage, may begin at any time). Send Six Stamps for eneeimen Copy. Publishing and Editorial Offices = 110, Strand, London, W.C, ADDRESS ALL BUSINESS AND EDITORIAL Ir COMMUNICATIONS TO \ Fditor and Manages RECENT MOLLUSCA, GLASS-TOPPED BOXES & CONCHOLOGICAL WORKS. - SOWERBY & FULTON established by G. B. SOWERBY, 1860). THE LARGEST AND FINEST STOCK OF SHEELS IN THE WORLD. CATALOGUES CONTAINING 12,000 SPECIES. SALE. PURCHASE. _ EXCHANGE, COLLECTIONS & SPECIMENS NAMED & ARRANGED, Glass=Topped Boxes, Cardboard Trays, etc., as supplied to the Indian Museum, Cambridge Museum of- Zoology, etc. We'keepa Large Stock, and supPLY PROMPTLY at Moderate Prices. Plan of sizes, with prices, post free. -Sowerby’s Ilustrated index of British Shells (the latest completed work on the subject), containing Coloured Figures of all the known Recent Species, with Names and other informa- tion. (Edition 1887). By G. B. Sowerby (8). With 26 Coloured Plates (750 figures). Imperial. 8vo., cloth, price 35s. (30s. nett). Address SOWERBY & FULTON, Station Parade, Kew Gardens, near LONDON. PRICES OF BACK NUMBERS OF THE a OF CONCHOLOGY. Vol. [. (in the event of a sufficient number of orders being received to justify the reprinting of necessary parts)... .... ... 21/- nett. Vols. Hl., H., IV., & VIE.... to the Public, 8/-, to Members, 6/=. Vols. V & VI. =.=... ... (Out of Print). Vol. VII. 2. ow... .» + tothe Public, 15/-, do. 12/6. Separate Parts of Vols. 1.—VIl. do. 1/-, do. Sod The Editor will be glad to give ONE SHILLING each for clean copies of vol. v., parts 6 and 10; vol. vi., parts I, 5, and II; vol. viii, part I. MANUAL OF GONGHOLOCY GEORGE W. TRYON, Junr., CONTINUED UNDER THE CARE OF THE Conchological Section Acad. Natural Science of Philadelphia, BY HY. A. PILSBRY, CONSERVATOR. The Manual of Conchology is published, by subscription, in parts (in octavo form), of which four-constitute a volume. Each part embraces from sixteen to twenty-four plates, with accompanying text, Each volume is complete in itself, and furnished with appropriate title-page, index, etc. Subscriptions can commence with, and are re- | vocable upon, the completion of any volume. Plain Edition.—Per part (four parts ina volume) - - - $3 00 Colored Edition.—Plates carefully colored by hand, per: patt.- <=) - sR Sac) Sa. 2 ete ee og Fine Edition.—Heavy paper, plates in duplicate, colored and India tinted, edition strictly limited to 25 copies - $8 oo First Series.—Marine Gastropods. Fourteen vols. completed. Second Series.—Pulmonata. Eight volumes (including the Mono- graphy of the great family Helicide) completed. QS The ILLUSTRATIONS of the Manual have received high commendation, and are fully equal to the best figures of shells | published. INQUIRIES AND SUBSCRIPTIONS SHOULD BE ADDRESSED TO— S. RAYMOND ROBERTS, Treasurer, P.O. Address—Glen Ridge, N.J., U.S.A. ; KEGAN, PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & Co,, Lid., Charing Cross Road, LONDON ; R. FRIEDLAENDER & SOHN, Berlin. BE a OCTOBER ist, 1902. Rocd Ochiotk, “BEING THE ORGAN OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY. OF GREAT BRITAIN AND TRELAND. Wiebe: FLO Wel hsb AG, THE OWENS COLLEGE, MANCHESTER. | De Bie BOSTOCK, STONE, Hon. SECRETARY AND EpITor: | Hon. TREASURER? STAFFORDSHIRE. CONTENTS. PAGE. The Census of the British Land and Freshwater Mollusca—LIoner E. ADAMS (continued) oe Se ae see ep e225 On the Genus Gemma, Deshayes—W. H. Dat. Mean nt ss 2S Cyprina v. Cypriniadea—R. B. NEWTON See io ss Ane OS Scalariform Helix nemoralis—R. WELCH BSB as ae ae e244) Proceedings of the Society, June-September, 1902... me i e240 Descriptions of New Species of Marine Shells from South Africa— EDGAR A. SMITH —_.... foe ioe sje ats us oe) 249 Bibliography a : 3 ee Ses sgl Note on the Setas of Chine. S. EDWARDS at eo 2B West American Cypreeide, with a ee Note by L. St. G. BYNE _ —F. L. Burton oe a oe cs she is Seah PLATES Il. AND fil. LONDON: Dutau & Co., 37, Sono Squarg, W. LEEDS: Tayior Bros., Sovereicn St. | MANCHESTER: J. E. Cornisu, Sr. Ann’s Sa. BERLIN: FrieDLAENDER & SouN, CARLSTRASSE It. ey 2 JOURNAL CONCHOLOGY. | THE ANNUAL MEETING Will be held at the Owens College, ON SATURDAY OCTOBER 95 1909 (coo notice enclosed). THE CONCHOLOGICAL. SOCIETY OF GREAT j BRITAIN ae) IRELAND. The Object of the Society is the promotion of Conchology, by the holding of Meetings for the reading and-discussion of original papers, by the publication of pr: ececdings, and by the formation of a Library and Collections illustrative of the science. The Meetings are held on the second Wednesday of each month, at 7 p.m., at the Manchester Museum, Qwens College, Manchester. The Library and the Collections are deposited in the Manchester Museum, and are open (10 to 5 daily) to Membérs on application to the Museum Staff. The Subscription is 5/- per annum; life membership 43 3s. Resignations take effect at the close of the year in which they are given. The ‘Journal of Conchology,’ (quarterly) edited by W. E. Hoyts, M.A., is the organ of the Society, contains all its proceedings and papers, and is supplied free to every Member who is not in arrear with his-subscription. Price to Non-Members, 6/- per annum: Lists of Shells.—The Conchological Society's List of British Land and Freshwater Shells, 23d. each, 1/6 per dozen: Marine Mollusca, 4d. each, 3/- per dozen, post free, if cash is sent with order, may be obtained from the Treasurer or Secretary. Remittances should be sent (and made payable) to the Hon. Treasurer. All other Communications should be addressed to the Hon. Secretary: SPECIAL NOTICE. Considerable loss having been sustained by the Society on account of the sending of Journals to members whose subscriptions were in arrear, and who were ultimately declared defaulters, The Council has resolved :— ‘“‘ That the first three numbers of the Journal for each year be sent to — those members who are not in arrear as regards the previous year’s sub- scription, and that when the October number is ready for publication, a notice, under cover, be sent to all members who have not then paid the current year’s subscription, and that the Journal be not forwarded till payment has been made.” REPRINTS. Ne of Papers receive 25 copies gratis, those who wish additional copies may have them on payment of the Printer’s charges as below (such reprints to be ordered when the MS. is forwarded for publication) :— 25 copies, 4 pp., 3/6; 8 pp., 4/6. . © 12 pp., 8/-. 16 pp., 10/6. 50 ey » 4/9, ” 6/6. >> 10/-. ” 12/6. 100 ” ” 6/6, ) Q/-. oe TZ) 29 15/-. ADVERTISEMENTS Will be inserted at the following rates :— Whole Page pe a 20). Quarter Page — -... sonpemgiiae Half Page... Bs es 2] Oe Six Lines or under ... son 03/65 One-third Page ... NESE, Every additional ‘Line an (2) SPECIAL REDUCTION FOR THE WHOLE YEAR. EXCHANGE COLUMN. ANTED: Pleurotoma carinata, P. nivalis, Eulina stenostoma, Cerithiopses barleet, G. costulata, Philine angulata, P. nitida, Utriculus ventrosus, U. globosus, Lima sarstt, Panopea plicata—Rev. C. GREENE, Gt. Barford, St. Neots. THE JOURNAL OF MALACOLOGY. Established in 1890 as ‘‘ The Conchologist, a Journal of Malacology.” Edited by WAITER: E.°" COLERNGE, President of the Midland Malacological Society. With the co-operation of DR JOSEE i. cB A BOR: CHARTEES HEDEEY.:F.:s: iN Ve Acer, “» I0/-. 23 12/6. 100 39 Dr) 6/6, 7 9) -- oe) 12/-. 29 15/-. ADVERTISEMENTS Will be inserted at the following rates :— Whole Page 354 BABOR. : CGHAIRLES -HEDLEY, shdu3S: SEP PINE Veo rokl. «COON. Wie. Bak. SVICES* B.A. Gh ZSe B= B. WOODW ARD; F.G:S. Indispensable to all Students of the Mollusca. In addition to numerous papers on the. anatomy and classification of the Mollusca, and on recent and fossil shells, it contains Reviews and Abstracts of all the important current publications. Fully Illustrated. Prepaid Subscription, 12/= per vol. All communications to \V. E. COLLINGE, The University, Birmingham. “Any one study, of whatever kind exclusively pursued, deadens in the inind the interest, nay the perception, of any others.’—JOHN Henry NEwMAN. ESTABLISHED 1865, Punctually on the 25th of previous month. PR LOE Sik? NG SCIENCE GOSSIP. EpirEp By JOHN T. CARRINGTON, assistep By F. WINSTONE. illustrated. Most Varied Contents. Largest Circulation. THE ONLY SCIENTIFIC MAGAZINE WITH INDEPENDENT OFFICES. “*SCIENCE GOSSIP is now one of the brightest and most diversified monthlies for the lover of science.’’ SUBSCRIPTIONS (6s. 6d. per annum, including Postage, may begin at any time). Send Six Stamps for Specimen Copy. Publishing and Editorial Offices - 119, Strand, -London, W.C, ADDRESS ALL BUSINESS AND EDITORIAL } = _ COMMUNICATIONS TO j “itn gly S = as & ) Edilor and Manages RECENT MOLLUSCA, GLASS-TOPPED BOXES & CONCHOLOGICAL WORKS. SOWERBY & FULTON (established by G. 8. SOWERBY, 1860). THE LARGEST AND FINEST STOCK OF SHELLS. IN THE WORLD. Ss CATALOGUES CONTAINING 12,000 SPECIES, SALE. PURCHASE. EXCHANGE, COLLECTIONS & SPECIMENS NAMED & ARRANGED. ‘Glass-Topped Boxes, Cardboard Trays, etc., as supplied to the Indian Museum, Cambridge Musev'm of Zoology, etc. Wekeepa Large Stock, and supPLY PROMPTLY at Moderate Prices. Plan of sizes, with prices, post free. Sowerby’s Iilustrated index of British Shells (the latest completed work on the subject), containing Coloured Figures of all the known Recent Species, with Names and other informa- tion (Edition 1887). By G. B. Sowerby (3). With 26 Coloured Plates (750 figures). Imperial 8vo.. cloth, price 35s. (30s- nett). Address SOWERBY & FULTON, Station Parade, Kew Gardens, near LONDON. PRICES OF BACK NUMBERS OF THE JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. Vol. I. (in the event of a sufficient number of orders being received to justify the reprinting of necessary parts)... ... .... 21/- nett. Vols. Ul., Ull., IV., & VUHE.... to the Public, 8/-,; to Members, 6/-. Vois. V &-VI. oc ee (Out of Pmt): Vol. VIF (oe es Gye tO these ublic. al =, do. 12/6. Separate Parts of Vols. f.—VIE. do. 4/-, do. Sd The Editor will be glad t) give ONE SHILLING each for elean copies of alk v., pirts 6 and 10; vol. vi., parts I, 5, and IL; vol. viii., part I. MANUAL OF CONCHOLOGY: A Systematic, Illustrated Monography of the Recent Species of Shells. GEORGE W. TRYON, Junr., CONTINUED UNDER THE CARE OF THE Conchological Section Acad. Natural Science of Philadelphia, BY HY. A. PILSBRY, CONSERVATOR. The Manual of Concheony is ihe by subscription, in parts (in octavo form), of which four constitute a volume. Each part embraces from sixteen to twenty-four plates, with accompanying text. Each volume is complete in itself, and furnished with appropriate title-page, index, etc. Subscriptions can commence with, and are re- vocable upon, the completion of any volume. Plain Edition.—Per part (four parts ina volume) - - - $3 00 Colored Edition.—Plates carefully colored by hand, DSO ANA So A ee cep Ni $2 00 Fine Edition.—Heavy paper, plates in duplicate, colored and India tinted, edition strictly limited to 25 copies - $8 oo First Series.—Marine Gastropods. Fourteen vols. completed. Second Series.—Pulmonata. Eight volumes (including the Mono- | graphy of the great family Helicidee) completed. {S- The ILLUSTRATIONS of the Manual have received — high commendation, and are fully equal to the best figures of shells published. INQUIRIES AND SUBSCRIPTIONS SHOULD BE ADDRESSED TO— S. RAYMOND ROBERTS, Treasurer, P.O. Address—Glen Ridge, N.J., U.S.A. ; OR é KEGAN, PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & Co., Ltd., Charing Cross Road, LONDON ; R, FRIEDLAENDER & SOHN, Berlin. Vor. 10}. APRIL ist, 1903. [No. 10. THE JOURNAL CONCHOLOGY. BEING THE ORGAN OF TIE. CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY Ol GREAT BRITAIN. AND IRELAND. PUBLISHED QUARTERLY. Hon. SECRETARY: Hon. TREASURER: W; B= HOYLE,-M..A., 1D IDA) BOR SELON CIS THE Owens COLLEGE, STONE, MANCHESTER. STAFFORDSHIRE. ~ CONTENTS. PAGE The Land and Freshwater Shells of the Channel Islands—J. k. LE BROCKTON ToMLIN and E. D. MARQUAND (concluded) ... 289 Notes on the Land and Freshwater Mollusca of -East Suffolk— ARTHUR MAYFIELD ... & e205 Helix pisana var. alba Shuttl. in Guen nsey- Se E. Coorte an eee 299 The Association of Helix nemoralis and II. hortensis— Rev. S. SPENCER PEARCE ° soe C6 -. . 30Q Helix nemoralis and H. Foren, in Ireland 8! WELCH ... ees O2 Surrey and Sussex East Records--W. WHITWELL me cao) ) Sto Notes on the Miller’s Dale Ramble—J. W. JACKSON ... ae boone SiO Proceedings of the Society, January-March, 1903 ee ore sbese— 304 Vertigo heldi in Ireland—J. R. Le B. ToMiin.. ise fet Bac i tol Report on the Bardsley Ramble—F. TAYtor ... she s 1 © 308 Vitrea rogersi n.sp.—B. B. WoopWARv.. aus sao 303) Clausilia bidentata and Balea perversa if ireland WELCH Gani. Sas Occurrence of Vertigo alpestris at Holker, Lancs.—C. H. Moore ... 312 Bibliography _ af aan dee Panes Sig New Species of Tend Shells con enna Atiea. a Az SMUDEH 3 $7235 The Genera Pseudoliva and Macron—J. Cosmo MELVILL eg 320 PLATES V. and VI. LONDON: Dutau & Co., 37, SoHo Square, W. LEEDS: Tayior Bros., SovEReIGN ST. | MANCHESTER: J. E. Cornisn, St. ANn’s So, BERLIN: FRIEDLAENDER & SoHN, CARLSTRASSE tt. THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. The Object of the Society is the promotion of Conchology, by the holding of ~ Meetings for the reading and discussion of original papers, by the publication of proceedings, and- by the formation of a Library and Collections illustrative of the science. The Meetings are held on the second Wednesday of each month, at 7 P.M., at thee a Manchester Museum, Owens College, Manchester. The Library and the Collections are deposited in the Manchester Museum, and are open (10 to 5 daily) to Members on application to the Museum Staff. The Subscription is 5/- per annum; life membership £43 3s. Resignations take effect at the close of the year in which they are given. The ‘Journal of Conchology,’ (quarterly) edited by W. E. Hoyts, M.A., is the organ of the Society, contains all its proceedings and papers, and is supplied free to every Member who is not in arrear with his subscription. Price to Non-Members, 6/- per annum. Lists of Shells.— List of British Land and Freshwater Shells, 2!d. each, 1/6 per dozen ; List of-British Marine Mollusca, 4d. each, 3/- per dozen ; Census of British Land and Freshwater Mollusca, 3d. each, 2/- per dozen. The above may be obtained from the Treasurer or Secretary, Post free, if cash is sent with order. Remittances should be sent-(and made payable) to the Hon. Treasurer. : All other Communications should be addressed to the Hon. Secretary. JUST PUBLISHED. LIST. OFF BRITISH MARINE MOLLUSCA. PREPARED BY A COMMITTEE OF. THE. CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Second. Edition, Revised. May be had from the SECRETARY, or from Messrs. DuLAU & Co., 37, Soho Square, W. 4d. each; 3S. per dozen; post free if cash is sent with order. JUST PUBLISHED. THE CENSUS OF THE BRITISH LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA, LIONEL E. ADAMS, BA. Published by Authority of the Conchological Society. a May be had from the Secretary, or from Messrs. Dulau & Co.. 37, Soho Square, W., 3d. each; 2/- per dozen; post free if cash is sent mi order, REPRINTS. UTHORKS of Papers receive 25 copies gratis, those who wish additional copies may have them on payment of the Printer’s charges as below (net reprints to be ordered when the MS. is forwarded for publication ) :— 25 copies, 4 pp., 3/65 8 pp.. 4/6: 12 pp., 8/-. 16 pp., 10/6. 50 ae oe TAOS as é6. 53 LO/e. 5 12/6, 100 29 29 6/6, ; ) 9\-- be) 12/-. 29 15/-. ADYVYERTISEMENTS Will be inserted at the following rates :— Whole Page ae E20 )cs Quarter Page ne Sega Half Page... Bae ... 12/6. Six Lines or under... Siem ayes One-third Page ... a Os Every additional Line cence] O, SPECIAL REDUCTION FOR THE WHOLE YEAR. THE JOURNAL OF MALACOLOGY. - Established in 1890 as ‘‘ The Conchologist, a Journal of Malacology.” Edited by WALTER E. -COLLINGE, President of the Midland Malacological Society. With the co-operation of DR. JOSEF F. BABOR. CHARLES: HEDLEY, -E.L.S: SUEY BE eleb Wren te. COOKE MOA. Zigh BUR. SVICES, BASE. Zass B. B: WOODWARD, F.G.S. Indispensable to all Students of the Mollusca. In addition to numerous papers on the anatomy and classification of the Mollusca, and on recent and fossil shells, it contains Reviews and Abstracts of all the important current publications. Fully Hlustrated. Prepaid Subscription, 12/= per vol. All communications to W. E. COLLINGE, The University, Birmingham. “ Any one study, of whatever kind exclusively pursued, deadens in the mind the 2 ry 2 ~ ‘3 Ly ? interest, nay the perception, of any others.’—JOHN Henry NEWMAN. ESTABLISHED 1865, Punctually onthe 25th of previous month. PRICE SIT X-PEN-GE: SCIENCE GOSSIP. _Epirep By JOHN T. CARRINGTON, assisteD sy F. WINSTONE. iNustrated. Most Varied Contents. Largest Circulation. THE ONLY SCIENTIFIC-MAGAZINE WITH INDEPENDENT OFFICES. “SCIENCE GOSSIP is now one of the brightest and most diversified monthlies for the lover of science.’’ SUBSCRIPTIONS (6s. 6d. per annum, including Postage, may begin at any time). Send Six Stamps for Specimen Copy. Publishing and Editorial Offices = 110, Strand, London, W.C. ADDRESS ALL BUSINESS AND EDITORIAL ) COMMUNICATIONS TO ) Editor and Manager RECENT MOLLUSCA, GLASS- TOPPED BOXES & CONCHOLOGICAL WORKS. SOWERBY & FULTON established by G. B. SOWERBY, 1860). THE LARGEST AND FINEST STOCK OF SHELLS IN THE WORLD. CATALOGUES, CONTAINING 12,000 SPECIES, SALE. PURCHASE. EXCHANGE, COLLECTIONS & SPECIMENS NAMED & ARRANGED. Glass=Topped Boxes, Cardboard Trays, etc., as supplied to the Indian Museum, Cambridge Museum of Zoology, etc. We keep a Large Stock, and SUPPLY PROMPTLY at Moderate Prices. Plan of sizes, with prices, post free. Sowerby’s Illustrated index of British Shells (the latest completed work on the subject), containing Coloured Figures of all the known Recent Species, with Names and other informa- tion. (Edition 1887). ‘By G. B. Sowerby (8). With 26 Coloured Plates (750 figures). Imperial 8vo., cloth, price 35s, (30s. nett). Address SOWERBY & FULTON, Station Parade, Kew Gardens, near LONDON. PRICES OF BACK NUMBERS OF THE JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. Vol. I. (in the event of a sufficient number of orders being received to justify the reprinting of necéssary-parts) ... ... 21/- nett. Vols. II., H., 1V., & VII. ... to the Public, S/=-, to Members, 6/=. Vols. V & VI... ... ... (Out of Print). Vol. VIE... ... «+ to the Public, 20/-, do. 15/-. Separate Parts ot Vols. I.—VII. do. 1/-, do. 9d The Editor will be glad to give ONE SHILLING each for clean copies of vol. v., parts 6 and I0; vol. vi., parts I, 5, and II; vol. viii., part I. MANUAL OF CONCHOLOGY: A Systematic, lilustrated Monography of the Recent Species of Shells. GEORGE W. TRYON, Junr., CONTINUED UNDER THE CARE OF THE Conchological Section Acad. Natural Science of Philadelphia, BY HY. A. PILSBRY, CONSERVATOR. The Manual of Conchology is published, by subscription, in’ parts (in octavo form), of which four constitute a volume. Each part embraces from sixteen to twenty-four plates, with accompanying text. Each volume is complete in itself, and furnished with appropriate title-page, index, etc. Subscriptions can commence me and are re- -vocable upon, the completion of any volume. Plain Edition.—Per part (four parts ina volume) - - - $3 00 Colored Edition.—Plates careily colored by hand, per part- - - ae ea EY nie el So OS Fine Edition.—Heavy paper, “nics in duplicate, colored and India tinted, edition strictly limited to 25 copies - $8 oo First Series.—Marine Gastropods. Fourteen vols. completed. Second Series.—Pulmonata. Eight volumes (including the Mono- graphy of the great family Helicidze) completed. (iS The ILLUSTRATIONS of the Manual have received- high commendation, and are fully equal to the best figures of shells — published. INQUIRIES AND SUBSCRIPTIONS SHOULD BE ADDRESSED ‘rO— S. RAYMOND ROBERTS, pease P.O. Address—Glen Ridge, N.J., U.S.A. OR KEGAN, PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & Co., Ltd., Charing Cross Road, LONDON; R. FRIEDLAENDER & SOHN, Berlin. - Entered at the New York Pest Office as Second-Class Matter. “Vor. 10]. JULY 1st, 1903. (No. 11. THI JOURNAL CONCHOLOGY. BEING 7HE ORGAN OF TIIE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY Ol GREAT BRITAIN AND TRELAND. PUBLISHED QUARTERLY. Hon. SECRETARY: Hon. TREASURER: W. -B) HOY LE; MrA., E. D. BOSTOCK, Tue Owens COLLEGE, q STONE, MANCHESTER. 2 STAFFORDSHIRE. CONTENTS. PAGE The Genera Pseudoliva and Macron—J. C. MELVILL (concluded)... 321 Turricola terrestris and Helix virgata—J. W. HoRsLEy ike 500, io) Additional Notes upon the Land and Freshwater Mollusca of Surrey —C. PANNELL, fr. ... S08 oso oe Soo a6 nan 2K Foreign Distribution of Helix virgata, HI. caperata, and other British Mollusks—L. E. ADAMS _... Baa ac Wee a6 peed. Proceedings of the Society, April-June, 1903 ... oes ta cir B35 Bibliography 565 sos 36¢ BAe aoe S. out oe OST, Pockets of Land Shells, Bannmouth Dunes, Portstewart—R. WELCH 338 The Genus Scala (Klein) Humphrey, as represented in the Persian Gulf and North-Arabian Sea—J. C. MeELvitt and R. STANDEN (continwed) «.. ae a sor 206 one zs See iee (o) PLATE IV. LONDON: Dutau & Co., 37, Sono Square, W. LEEDS: Tavtor Bros., Sovereicn St. | MANCHESTER: J. E. Cornisu, Sr. ANN’s SQ, BERLIN: FrtepLAENDER & SOHN, CARLSTRASSE It. CONCHOLOGICAL RAMBLES IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD OF MANCHESTER. July r1th eaten Wirral Peninsula. Central Station, 1-30, p.m. 4 Leader - R. SVANDEN, — Aug. 15th - = - Monsal Dale. ~ Central Station, 1 a p-m. : Leader - We JACKSON. Sept. 12th — - - Droylesden Canal. Victoria Station, 1- -25 p.m. Leader : F. TAyYLor. THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. The Object of the Society is the promotion of Conchology, by the holding of Meetings for the reading and discussion of original papers, by the publication of proceedings, and by the formation of a Library and Collections illustrative of the science. The Meetings are held on the second Wednesday of each month, at 7 P.M., at the Manchester Museum, Owens College, Manchester. The Library and the Collections are deposited in the Manchester Museum, and ' are open (10 to 5 daily) to Members on application to the Museum Staff. The Subscription is d/- per annum; life membership 43 3s. Resignations take effect at the close of the year in which they are given. The ‘Journal of Conchology,’ (quarterly) edited by W. E. Hoye, M.A., is the organ of the Society, contains all its proceedings and papers, and is supplied free to every Member who is not in arrear with his subscription. Price to Non Men bos 6/- per annum.. Lists of Shells.— List of British Land and Freshwater Shells, 2!d. each, 16 per dozen ; List of British Marine Mollusca, 4d. each. 3/- per dozen ; Census of British Land and Freshwater Mollusca, 3d. each, 2 per dozen. The above may be obtained from the Treasurer or Secretary, Dok free, if cash is sent with order. Remittances should be sent (and made payable) to the Hon. Treasurer. All other Communications should Le addressed to the Hon. Secretary. JUST PUBLISHED. LIsT OF BRITISH MARINE MOLLUSCA. PREPARED BY A A COMMITTEE “OF, THE: CONCHOLOGICAL. SOCIELY: Second Edition, Revised. May be had from the SECRETARY, or from _ Messrs. DuLtau & Co., 37, Soho Square, W. 4d. each; 3S. per dozen ;_post free if cash is sent with order. REPRINTS. UTHORS of Papers receive 25 copies gratis, those who wish additional copies may have them on payment of the Printer’s charges as below Goch reprints to be ordered when the MS. is forwarded for publication) :— 25 copies, 4 pp., 3/6; S-pp., 4/6. 12 pp., 8/-. 16 pp., 10/ 50 50 » 4/6, a [Ons = 9 10/-. » 12/6. 100 36 », 6/6, On 550 LZ ies » 5 /- ADYERTISEMENTS Will be inserted at the following rates :— Whole Page aah Sie! BOS. Quarter Page ee epee Villon Half Page... es ae 12/6. Six Lines or under ... ee 63/08 One-third Page ... we ES es Every additional Line ca -/6. SPECIAL REDUCTION FOR THE WHOLE YEAR. THE JOURNAL OF MALACOLOGY. Established in 1890 as ‘‘ The Conchologist, a Journal of Malacology, Edited by WALTER E. COLLINGE, President of the Midland Matacological Society. Wich the co-operation of Dk. JOSEF F. BABOR. CHARLES HEDLEY, F.L.S. SVAGHS.ebeAT, EaZao: THE REVe A- H.-GOOKE, M.A.=F.Z.S... - Es R: Bb. B. WOODWARD, F.G.S. Indispensable to all Students of the Mollusca. In addition to numerous papers on the anatomy and classification of the Mollusca, and on recent and fossil shells, it contains Reviews and Abstracts of all the important current publications. Fully Illustrated. Prepaid Subscription, 12/= per vol. All communications to W, IX. CoLLINGE, The University, Birmingham. “Any one study, of whatever kind exclusively pursued, deadens in the mind the iaterest, nay the perception, of any others.’-—JOHN HENry NEWMAN. ESTABLISHED 13865. Punctually on the 25th of previous month. : PRICE SIXPENCE. SCIENCE GOSSIP. Epirep sy JOHN VY. CARRINGLON,‘assisreD sy F. WINSTONE. illustrated. Most Varied Contents. Largest Circulation. THE ONLY SCIENTIFIC MAGAZINE WITH INDEPENDENT OFFICES. ““SCIENCE GOSSIP is now one of the brightest and most diversified monthlies for the lover of science.’’ SUBSCRIPTIONS (6s. 6d. per annum, including Postage, may begin at any time). Send Six.Stamps for Specimen Copy. = 110, Strand, London, W.C. Publishing and Editorial Offices ADDRESS ALL BUSINESS AND EDITORIAL V COMMUNICATIONS TO J Editor and Manager RECENT MOLLUSCA, GLASS-TOPPED BOXES & CONCHOLOGICAL WORKS. SOWERBY & FULTON established by G. B. SOWERBY, 1860). THE LARGEST AND FINEST STOCK OF SHELLS IN THE WORLD. CATALOGUES CONTAINING 12,000 SPECIES, SALE. PURCHASE. EXCHANGE. COLLECTIONS & SPECIMENS NAMED & ARRANGED. Glass-Topped Boxes, Cardboard Trays, etc., as supplied to the Indian Museum, Cambridge Musevm of Zoology, etc. We keepa Large Stock, and SupPLY PROMPTLY at Moderate Prices. Plan of sizes, with prices, post free. Sowerby’s Illustrated index of British Shells (the latest completed work on the subject), containing Coloured Figures of all the known Recent Species, with Names and other informa- tion. (Edition 1887). ‘By G.-B. Sowerby (3). With 26 Coloured Plates 90 figures). Imperial 8vo., cloth, price 3ds. (305. nett). Address SOWERBY & FULTON, Station Parade, Kew Gardens, near LONDON. PRICES OF BACK NUMBERS OF THE JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. Vol. I. (in the’event of a sufficient number of orders being received to justify the reprinting of necessary parts)... 21/- nett. Vols. HI., Hl., IV., & VII. ... to the Public, 8/=, to Members, 6/=. Vols. V & VI... ..._.... (Out of Print). Vol. VIE... |. i... to the Public, 20/-, do. 15/-. Vil. do. 1/-, do. 9d Separate. Parts of Vols. 1I.— The Editor will be glad t2 give ONE SHILLING each for clean copies of vol. v., parts 6 and 10; vol. vi., parts I, 5, and II; vol. viii., part I. : a A Systematic, Hlustrated Monography of the Recent Species of Shells. GEORGE W. TRYON, Junr., CONTINUED UNDER THE CARE OF THE Conchological Section Acad. Natural Science of Philadelphia, BY HY. A. PILSBRY, CONSERVATOR. The Manual of Conchology is published, by subscription, in parts (in octavo form), of which four constitute a volume. Each part embraces from sixteen to twenty-four plates, with accompanying text. Each volume is complete in itself, and furnished with appropriate — title-page, index, etc. Subscriptions can commence with, and are te- _ vocable upon, the completion of any volume. Plain Edition.—Per part (four parts ina volume) - - - $3 co Colored Edition.—Plates carefully colored by hand, per part- - - eo pe ee Se ee a ee Fine Edition.—Heavy paper, plates in duplicate, colored and India tinted, editivn strictly limited to 25 copies - $8 00 First Series.—Marine Gastropods. Fourteen vols. completed. Second Series.—Pulmonata. Eight volumes (including the Mono- graphy of the great family Helicidze) completed. Gms The ILLUSTRATIONS of the Manual have received high commendation, and are fully equal to the best figures of ‘shells , published. tNQUIRIES AND SUBSCRIPTIONS SHOULD BE ADDRESSED ‘TO— S. RAYMOND ROBERTS, Treasurer, P.O. Address—Glen Ridge, N.J., U.S.A. ; OR ‘KEGAN, PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & Co., Ltd., Charing Cross Road, LONDON; i R. FRIEDLAENDER & SOHN, Berlin. . Entered at the New York Pest Office as Second-Class Matter. VoL. 10]. OCTOBER ist, 1903. [No. 12. THE JOURNAL CONCHOLOGY. BEING THE ORGAN OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. PUBLISHED QUARTERLY. Hon. SECRETARY: Hon. TREASURER: W, E. HOYLE, M.A., D.Sc., E.:D.* BOS BOCK, THE OwENS COLLEGE, STONE, MANCHESTER. STAFFORDSHIRE. CONTENTS. A ; PAGE. The Genus Scala (Klein) Humphrey, as represented in the Persian Gulf and North-Arabian Sea—J. C. MELVILL and R. STANDEN (concluded) — «». Pe ie i rr sire is io Oe OAS Note on Macron trochlea—EDGAR A. SMITH ... ta AY Bee Set List of British Non-Marine Mollusca—B. B. WoopWaRb __ ... aay SSS - The Land Shells of the Turton District—J. W. BALDWIN... ... 367 A New Species of Modiola from Malacca—E. A. SMITH _... eu G08 Index a5 ace a ey so sic fas «.. 369 TITLE-PAGE AND CONTENTS FOR VOL. I0. PLATE VII. —_——o————— LONDON: Dutavu & Co., 37, SoHo Square, W. LEEDS: Tayior Bros., SovEReicn St. | MANCHESTER: J. E. Cornisu, St. Ann’s Sa. BERLIN : FRIEDLAENDER & SOHN, CARLSTRASSE It. THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF GREAT _ BRITAIN: AND IRELAND. The Object of the ‘Society is tel promotion of Conchology, by the holding a Meetings for the reading and discussion of original papers, by the publication of proceedings, and by the formation of a Library and Collections illustrative of the science. The Meetings are held on the second Wednesday of each month, at 7 P.M., at the Manchester Museum, Owens College, Manchester. The Library and the Collections are deposited in the Manchester Museum, ame are open (10 to 5 daily) to Members on application to the Museum Staff. The Subscription is 5/- per annum; life membership 43 3s. Resignations take effect at the close of the year in which they are given. 4 The ‘Journal of Conchology,’ (quarterly) edited by W. E. Hovte, M.A., is the organ of the Society, contains all its proceedings and papers, and is supplied free to-every Member who is not in arrear- with his subscription. Price to Non-Members, 6/- per annum. Lists of Shells.— List of British Land and Freshwater Shells, 23d. each, 1/6 per dozen; List of British Marine Mollusca, 4d. each, 3/- per dozen ; Census of British Land and Freshwater Mollusca, 3d. each, 2/- per dozen. The above may be obtained from the Secretary, Post free, -if cash is sent with order. Remittances should be sent (and made payable) to the Hon. Treasurer. All other Communications should be addressed to the Hon. Secretary. — JUST PUBLISHED. hist" Oe BRITISH MARINE MOLLUSCA, PREPARED BY A COMMITTEE OF. THE- CONCHOLOGICAL -SOCIETY. Second Edition, Revised. 4d. each; 3S. per dozen; post free if cash is sent with order THE CENSUS OF BRITISH | LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA. BY LIONEL Es ADAMS, EA. Published by authority of the Conchological Society, Price 3d. each ; 2S. Gd. per dozen. The above may be had from Messrs. DULAU & Co., 37, Soho Sane W,- or from the SECRETARY. EXCHANGE COLUMN. VRITISH Land‘ and Freshwater Shells. —Rev. Carleton Greene, Gt. Barford, St. Neots, wishes to hear of Varietzes for Sale or Exchange, especially of Helix, Pupa, Claustlia, Succenea, Limnea, Cyclostona, Viviparus, Cnio, Anodonia, Spherium. Also a good SPEEIES 8 of Unio margarztefer. THE JOURNAL OF MALACOLOGY. Established in 1890 as ‘* The Conchologist, a Journal of Malacology.” Edited by WALL Esk. -E. GOLEINGE;:-B.Se,, President of the Midland Malacological Society. With the co-operation of DR. JOSEF F. BABOR. CHARLES HEDEEY,, B.S: THE REV.-A.:H. COOKE, M. AWS SZ: Be ORS MISE SA BAG he Zs. B. Be WOODWARD, F.G.S. Indispensable to all Students of the Mollusca. In addition to numerous papers on the anatomy and classification of the Mollusca, and on recent and fossil shells, it contains Reviews and Abstracts of all the important current publications. Fully Illustrated. Prepaid Subscription, 12/= per vol. All communications to WV. E. COLLINGE, The University, Birmingham. MESSRS. SOWERBY & FULTON Have pleasure in informing their Clients that they have FOR SALE, SHELL-BY-SHELL, The Important & Extensive Collection OF RECENT MOLLUSCA, FORMED BY-Dr JAMES: C. COX; Author of ‘‘A Monograph of Australian Land Shells,” &c., &c. ADDRESS !‘— SOWERBY & FULTON, Station Parade, Kew Gardens, near LONDON. REPRINTS. UTHORS of Papers receive 25 copies gratis ; those who wish additional copies may have them on payment of the Printer’s charges as below (such reprints to be ordered when-the MS: is forwarded for publication) :— 25 copies, 4 pp., 3/6, 8 pp., 4/6. 12 pp.; 8/-. 16 pp., 10/6. 50 2 oo = 4/9; 9 /6. », 10/-. ye) 12/6. 100 ye) ” 6, 2 «Oi 2 12) ” 15/-. ADYERTISEMENTS Will be inserted at the following rates :— Whole Page ae Bee 2Ol Es Quarter Page eri oe alee Half Page... Be ve 12/6. Six lines or wnders: 2-2, 3/6: One-third Page ... se. 3 Of Every additional Line sae -/ 6: SPECIAL REDUCTION FOR THE WHOLE YEAR, PRICES OF BACK NUMBERS OF THE JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. Vol. I. (in the event of a sufficient number of orders being received to justify the reprinting of necessary parts)... ... ... 21/- nett. Vols. Il., Hl., 1V., & VII.... tothe Public, 8/=, to Members, 6/-. Vols. V. & Vi... ... ~—.. (Out of Print). Vol.-VIll. ... ... 0 1. .., «.. to the Public, 20/-, — do. 15/-. Separate Parts E Vols. I.—VII. do. 1/-, do, 9d The Editor will be glad to give ONE SHILLING each for clean copies of vol. v., parts 6 and I0; vol. vi., parts I, 5, and II; vol. viii., part I. roe oe co a | : ~ A Systematic, Illustrated Monography of the Recent Species of Shells. GEORGE W. TRYON, Junr., CONTINUED UNDER THE CARE OF THE Conchological Section Acad. Natural Science of Philadelphia, BY HY. A. PILSBRY, CONSERVATOR. The Manual of Conchology is published, by subscription, in parts (in octavo form), of which four constitute a volume. Each part embraces from sixteen to twenty-four plates, with accompanying text. Each volume is complete in itself, and furnished with appropriate title-page, index, etc. Subscriptions can commence with, and are re- vocable upon, the completion of any volume. Plain Edition.—Per part (four parts ina volume) - - - $3 00 Colored Edition.— Plates a colored by hand, per part- - - - aX SMITHSONIAN S3INVYGIT- LIBRARIES NOILNLILSNI NOILNLILSNI ISTITUTION NVINOSHLINS S31uYvyuglt LIBRARIES \ SN SMITH we S eI Ns Ww, INO g SMITHSONIAN _INSTIT NOILALILSNI NVINOSHLINS S314u' INSTITUTION SMITHSONIAN |i NVINOSHLINS S31u' ARIES SMITHSONIAN _INSTI1 “ss S\, Wf , NS a S3t¥YVYGIT LIBR INSTITUTION NOILNLILSN NVINOSHLINS S31! NVINOSHLIWS As SMITHSONIAN INSTIT fh. hes WS pas ie f* f°? 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